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TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO.
ADVERTISEMENT.
The United States National Herbarium, which was founded by the
Smithsonian Institution, was transferred in the year 1868 to the
Department of Agriculture and continued to be maintained by that
department until July 1, 1896, when it was returned to the official
custody of the Smithsonian Institution. The Department of Agri-
culture, however, continued to publish the series of botanical reports
entitled “Contributions from the United States National Herba-
rium,’”’ which it had begun in the year 1890, until on July 1, 1902,
the National Museum, in pursuance of an act of Congress, assumed
responsibility for the publication. The first seven volumes of the
series were issued by the Department of Agriculture.
ALEXANDER WETMORE,
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution.
II
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED “STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM
VoLuME 23
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. —
By PAUL C. STANDLEY
~ 4iRRARICA
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1920-1926
NOTE.
The 5 parts of volume 23 of the Contributions were issued as follows:
Part 1, pages 1 to 170, October 11, 1920.
Part 2, pages 171 to 515, July 14, 1922.
Part 3, pages 517 to 848, July 18, 1923.
Part 4, pages 849 to 1312, December 31, 1924.
Part 5, pages 1313 to 1721, November 15, 1926.
eS” The indexes for parts 1 to 4 should be bound with the complete
volume, since in the index of part 5 there are reprinted only the
generic names of the earlier parts.
IV
PREFACE.
The present volume consists of an account of the trees and shrubs
of Mexico, by Mr. Paul C. Standley, Associate Curator of the United
States National Herbarium. The work is based wholly upon the
extensive series of Mexican plants in the National Herbarium, a
large proportion of which have been obtained by special investigators
sent out by the United States National Museum and the United
States Department of Agriculture. The flora of Mexico, especially
the arborescent flora, includes many species of great economic value.
They furnish many products of commercial importance, such as
henequen and ixtle fiber, palm oil, lumber, cacao, rubber, drugs,
alcohol, and many fruits.
Heretofore no descriptive flora of any portion of tropical conti-
nental North America has been published, and the identification of
the species of plants yielding important products has often been
very difficult. Identification of material has been possible only by
comparison with extensive series of herbarium specimens, such as
are to be found only in the larger botanical institutions, or by reference
to isolated descriptions, many of them available only in the largest
libraries. The present work brings together all the published species
of woody Mexican plants and furnishes keys for their identification
as well as brief descriptive notes. Much information is presented
also concerning commercial and local uses of the plants. The ver-
nacular names of the trees and shrubs are given, and since these are
fairly well standardized by local usage they will be found helpful as
guides to the identity of fragmentary or otherwise difficult material.
Several collaborators have aided in the preparation of this volume
by contributing the accounts of certain groups in which they are
particularly interested, as follows: Dr. William R. Maxon, Gleichen-
iaceae and Cyatheaceae; Dr. A. S. Hitchcock, Poaceae; Dr. William
Trelease, Agave and Quercus; Dr. S. F. Blake, Meliaceae, Polyga-
laceae, Violaceae, and Asteraceae; Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip, Passi-
floraceae; Dr. N. L. Britton and Dr. J. N. Rose, Cactaceae; Dr. B. L.
Robinson, Eupatorium and Ophryosporus; Dr. J. M. Greenman,
Senecio.
FREDERICK V. COVILLE,
Curator of the United States National Herbarium.
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
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CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM
VOLUME 23, ParT 1
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO
(GLEICHENIACEAE-BETULACEAE)
By PAUL C. STANDLEY
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WASHINGTON
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PREFACE.
The present paper consists of the first installment of an account of
the trees and shrubs of Mexico, by Mr. Paul C. Standley, Assistant
Curator of the United States National Herbarium. The work is
based wholly upon the extensive series of Mexican plants in the
National Herbarium, a large proportion of which have been secured
by special investigators sent out by the United States National
Museum and the United States Department of Agriculture. The
flora of Mexico, especially the arborescent flora, includes many
species of great economic value. They furnish many products of
commercial importance, such as henequen and ixtle fiber, palm oil,
lumber, cacao, rubber, drugs, alcohol, and various kinds of fruits.
Heretofore no descriptive flora of any portion of tropical conti-
nental North America has been published, and the identification of
the species of plants yielding important products has often been very
difficult. Identification of material has been possible only by com-
parison with extensive series of herbarium specimens, such as are to
be found only in the larger botanical institutions, or by reference to
isolated descriptions, many of these available only in the largest
hbraries. The work of which the present paper is the first installment
brings together all the published species of woody Mexican plants,
and furnishes keys for their identification, as well as brief descriptive
notes. Much information is presented also concerning commercial
and local uses of the plants. The vernacular names of the trees and
shrubs are given, and since these are fairly well standardized by
local usage, they will be found helpful as guides to the identity of
fragmentary or otherwise difficult material.
The account of the ferns of the families Gleicheniaceae and
Cyatheaceae has been furnished by Mr. William R. Maxon, Associate
- Curator of the National Herbarium; that of the Poaceae, or grasses,
by Prof. A. S. Hitchcock, Systematic Agrostologist of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture; and that of the Amaryllidaceae, which includes
the difficult genus Agave, or century plants, by Dr. William Trelease,
Professor of Botany, University of Illinois.
FrepertcK V. CoviLie,
Curator of the United States National Herbarium.
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CONTENTS.
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36
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO.
By Paut C. STANDLEY.
INTRODUCTION.
The most interesting regions of the earth from a botanical stand-
point are those which possess a tropical climate. There physical
conditions are most favorable for the growth of plants, and not only
is vegetation much more luxuriant than in temperate countries, but
the number of species, especially of trees and shrubs, is vastly greater.
West Virginia and Costa Rica, for instance, are temperate and tropi-
cal areas of approximately equal size; but only 1,600 species of ferns
and flowering plants are known from West Virginia, while the flora
of Costa Rica includes more than three times and probably four
times that number. Large areas in Mexico are neither tropical nor
even subtropical, but no region of the globe, probably, possesses a
richer or more interesting flora. Mexico has an area of 767,000
square miles, which, although only about one-fifth that of the United
States, exhibits a greater range of climatic conditions. The extremes
of elevation much exceed those of the United States, ranging from
sea level to over 5,200 meters. Almost every conceivable plant forma-
tion is represented—the wet tropical forests of the southern lowlands,
the temperate deciduous and coniferous forests of the central plateau
and of the ranges of the Sierra Madre, the alpine zones of the high
peaks like Orizaba, Popocatepetl, and Ixtaccihuatl, and the great
barren or cactus deserts which reach their best development in the
northern states.
The botanical features of Mexico have attracted attention from the
days of the earliest explorers. Many botanists have visited the
country in the last hundred years, yet the flora is still but imper-
fectly known. Almost every collector at the present day makes dis-
coveries of remarkable species previously unknown to science, and
some plants are still unknown botanically although their supposed
medicinal properties, or their products, such as fruit, lumber, fiber.
and gum, are well known locally and are frequently even of com- .
i
2 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
mercial importance. In the immense mountain ranges there are
hundreds of difficult peaks and almost inaccessible canyons whose ex-
ploration is extremely tedious: in the south the tropical forests are
penetrated with difficulty, and the lofty branches of their trees are
almost inaccessible to the collector; away from the Sierra Madre are
innumerable isolated masses of mountains and hills, still unvisited
by a botanist, which must yield a host of localized species. Con-
sider, in addition, the fact that Mexico is still very imperfectly sup-
plied with transportation facilities and it becomes evident that many
years must elapse before a comprehensive knowledge of the flora is
possible.
It is unfortunate, and at the same time remarkable, that no flora
of any part of tropical continental North America has ever been pre-
pared. Indeed, in this respect all of North America has made little
progress as compared with Europe, some parts of Asia, Australia,
and Africa, or even South America. The flora of tropical Africa,
the most recent of all the great regions of the earth to be explored by
European peoples, has been adequately treated in botanical litera-
ture; and the flora of Brazil has been described in a monumental
series of volumes, of which any country might well be proud, but
whose equal no other country possesses. For no political unit of
North America has a modern descriptive or even a synoptical flora
ever been published.
The only publication approaching a flora of Mexico which has
ever been completed is the Botany of the Biologia Centrali-Ameri-
cana, compiled by Hemsley and issued from 1879 to 1888. This,
though including no descriptive notes (except incidentally) nor any
means of identifying the species, is a comprehensive work, listing all
the species of the higher plants known at that time from Mexico
(excluding Baja California) and Central America. Ranges and
definite localities are given for all the species, together with the more
important synonymy. It is superflous to state that after almost 40
years this work has lost much of its former usefulness, as a result
of recent botanical discoveries. Nevertheless the five volumes of the
Biologia will always remain an invaluable and classic work upon
tropical American plants.
Botanical exploration in Mexico has now progressed to the point
where a descriptive flora of the region is practicable, and such a com-
pilation is urgently needed. The work here offered is intended to in-
clude a complete list of the woody plants known from Mexico, with
keys for their determination. This arbitrary and artificial division
of the Mexican flora was chosen for treatment because it contains
those species which are the most conspicuous elements of the vegeta-
tion, as well as those which are of most importance from an economic
standpoint. It includes, moreover, the larger portion of the Mexican
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 3
species. Later, it is to be hoped, someone else may have an oppor-
tunity to treat at length the herbaceous species or the flora as a whole.
While it is only too evident that the available collections of Mexican
plants are inadequate to furnish a complete illustration of the flora
of the country, the offering of such a work as can be prepared with
the material at hand needs no apology, for it is certain that the
larger part of thé woody plants, and especially those of economic
importance, have already been collected.
It is not deemed advisable to include in the present publication an
account of the general features of the flora. These have already been
dealt with at length by other authors, particularly Hemsley? and
Ramirez.”
PLAN OF THE WORK.
COLLECTIONS STUDIED.
In this list of Mexican plants it is intended, of course, to account
for all the trees and shrubs which have been collected in Mexico
or reported from that country. The account is based wholly upon
the collections.in the United States National Herbarium, although
the published species not represented there have been included in
the keys when possible. The National Herbarium contains the
largest and most complete representation of Mexican plants that
has been assembled, a large proportion of the material having been
obtained by special collectors sent into the field by the United States
National Museum and the United States Department of Agriculture.
In addition, the herbarium contains many collections received from
other institutions and individuals, the more important of which were
obtained by the following collectors: F. Altamirano, F. W. Anthony,
_ Brother G. Arséne, J. L. Berlandier, M. Botteri, M. Bourgeau, T. S.
Brandegee, G. N. Collins, C. Conzatti, O. F. Cook, F. V. Coville,
C. K. Dodge, C. B. Doyle, H. Galeotti, G. F. Gaumer, E. A. Gold-
man, J..M. Greenman, C. V. Hartman, A. S. Hitchcock, E. W. D.
Holway, M. E. Jones, E. Kerber, E. Langlassé, F. M. Liebmann, F. E.
Lloyd, D. T. MacDougal, F. S. Maltby, E. A. Mearns, C. F. Mills-
paugh, Charles Mohr E. W. Nelson, Brother Nicolas, C. R. Orcutt,
* Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 4: 138-315. 1887.
*La vegetacién de México. pp. 1-271, with 2 maps. Mexico, 1899.
* Charles Mohr (1824-1901) was a_native of Germany, who came to the United
States in 1848. He visited Mexico in 1857 and was a guest of Sartorius at his
home in Mirador. He made botanical collections in the region of Orizaba.
Here he was associated with Botteri, and his collection numbers, in some cases
at least, are the same as Botteri’s. His collections are in the United States
National Herbarium. Dr. Mohr is best known for his “ Plant Life of Alabama,”
published as volume 6 of the Contributions from the United States National
Herbarium.
4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Edward Palmer, C. C. Parry, Henry Pittier, C. G. Pringle, C. A.
Purpus, B. P. Reko, J. N. Rose, J. N. Rovirosa, H. H. Rusby, W. E.
Safford, H. C. Seaton, J. G. Schaffner, Arthur Schott, C. L. Smith,
L. C. Smith, C. H. T. Townsend and C. M. Barber, Charles Wright,
W.G. Wright, L. J. Xantus.
SPECIES INCLUDED.
It is manifest that the group here chosen for treatment is an
artificial one. It is impossible to draw a sharp line between the
woody and herbaceous plants, although in the vast majority of cases
such a classification is easily made. Many truly woody plants are
so small that they are not looked upon commonly as shrubs, and
many herbaceous plants become so large as to remind one of small
trees. Plants which are essentially annuals, and which in regions
where freezing temperatures occur never live more than one season,
may in tropical regions develop more or less woody stems. More-
over, in herbarium specimens, which as a rule consist merely of
terminal portions of branches, it is often impossible to conclude that
a plant is a shrub except from analogy or from information fur-
nished by collectors. The writer would have preferred to treat
only of the trees of Mexico, which are far less numerous than the
shrubs and would have required less space for their elaboration:
but the separation in the herbarium of trees and shrubs involves still
greater difficulties than the separation of woody and herbaceous
plants. We have so little published information regarding the size
of Mexican plants, and most collectors show such an aversion to
furnishing notes concerning their collections, that the classification
of woody plants as trees and shrubs is evidently quite impracticable
with our present knowledge. The writer’s policy as to the species
to be included has been a liberal one, and although it is possible that
some species have been omitted which should have been included.
it is certain that their number is small. On the other hand, many
species have probably been included which should have been omitted,
but this fact will increase rather than detract from the usefulness
of the work. Some species have been listed as shrubs, rather against
the judgment of the writer, because of data reported by collectors.
The statements given here concerning size are the best that can
be compiled from published notes and from information furnished
by collectors’ labels. The information available is not so complete
as is desirable and in some cases may be misleading. It has not
been the intention to publish a descriptive manual, and the brief
descriptive notes given under most of the species are intended merely
to supplement the keys and to indicate the most striking features of
each species. Keys are given for the determination of genera and
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 5
species and one for the determination of families. The last is
adapted from a key to the families of tropical American plants pub-
lished recently by Mr. Henry Pittier.t. It is very difficult, if not im-
possible, to prepare a key to the families of tropical plants which
will enable one always to refer a plant to its family, because many
of the plants are still imperfectly known, and because there are in
some families many exceptions to the typical plan of organization
of the group. With complete material of a given plant, however
it is hoped that the present key will usually be adequate for indicat-
ing its family position.
It has been intended to give references to the names of all woody
plants published or reported from Mexico, disregarding, however,
certain obviously incorrect names which have not received notice in
more recent or important works. Casual references are made in
addition to the more common cultivated exotic species. Published
names not illustrated by material examined by the writer or not
identifiable from the descriptions accompanying them have been
listed as “ doubtful species” at the end of their respective genera.
The plan has been to list as a valid species or as a synonym each
specific name based upon Mexican material, but it has not been
deemed necessary to list all the combinations under various genera,
unless their citation seemed to serve some useful purpose. The writer
has not attempted to classify all the names of Mocifo and Sessé,
which occur in their Plantae Novae Hispaniae and Flora Mexicana,
for these names have justly received little attention from taxonomists,
and their determination would require an amount of labor quite
inconsistent with any advantage that would result. Some of these
names, however, have been referred to in their proper places. A
very few of Mocifo and Sessé’s names are valid, but it is only by
accident that such is the case.
RANGES OF THE SPECIES.
The range in Mexico ascribed to each species is based chiefly upon
material in the National Herbarium, but reliable published reports
have been taken into account when they indicated noteworthy ex-
tensions of range. It is probable that in many cases the species have
wider ranges than is indicated, but the limits of distribution can
not be determined definitely until more extensive explorations have
been carried out. Much more comprehensive collections are needed
from all parts of Mexico, but especially from the states of Tabasco,
Michoacin, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Those available from
*Clave analitica de las familias de plantas fanerégamas de Venezuela y
partes adyacentes de la América Tropical. Pp. 1-108. Caracas, 1917.
6 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Tabasco and Chiapas are particularly inadequate, and doubtless
many of the listed species occur there, even if the ranges as here
stated do not indicate the fact. If a species occurs in Oaxaca and
also in Guatemala, it may safely be assumed that it is found in
Chiapas, although the writer has not felt at liberty to report its
occurrence there unless he has actually seen specimens from that
State. The range outside Mexico is given for those species which
extend into other countries, and when no such range is indicated it
is to be assumed that the species is endemic.
TYPE LOCALITIES.
For the majority of the species there has been included a statement
concerning the type or the type locality. The nomenclatorial type
of a species is the specimen which served as the basis of the origi-
nal description of the species, and the type locality is the one at
which the specimen was collected. A knowledge of type localities
is of great importance in taxonomic work, especially when it becomes
necessary to divide into two or more species material which has been
referred previously to a single one. It is of interest also to collectors
who may visit these places and who may take an interest in recollect-
ing such plants at their original stations. It is to be expected, gen-
erally, that the form of a species occurring in the region of the type
locality is the typical one. In the case of many species described
from Mexico, particularly the earlier ones, the source of the speci-
mens on which they were based was given merely as “ Mexico,” with-
out indication of any precise locality. In such instances the writer
has made no reference to the type locality, which is, of course, prac-
tically unknown. Neither has it seemed worth while to refer to the
type locality in the case of species described from “tropical
America,” “ West Indies,” or other similarly vague regions.
VERNACULAR NAMES.
The vernacular names listed have been gathered from various
sources. Many have been taken from the labels accompanying her-
barium specimens. AI] those found in literature which has come to
the writer’s attention have been listed if there was reason to suppose
them accurate. The most extensive work dealing with Mexican ver-
nacular plant names is the “Sinonimia vulgar y cientifica de las
plantas Mexicanas,” compiled by Dr. José Ramirez, with the assist-
ance of Senor Gabriel V. Alcocer, published in the City of Mexico
in 1902. This is a very extensive list and a valuable one, based
partly upon the investigations of the authors, and also upon many
previously published lists. It is unfortunate that many of the Latin
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. |
names are obviously erroneous and others doubtful, but the same
statements are likely to be true of most lists of similar nature. The
present writer is under particular obligations to Dr. Blas P. Reko,
who has kindly permitted the use of a very extensive list of the ver
nacular names current in Oaxaca, which he has compiled. Valued
assistance has been rendered likewise by Dr. Alfonso Herrera, Di-
rector de Estudios Biolégicos, of the Mexican Government.
The names applied to plants vary greatly in different parts of
Mexico, largely because of the diverse languages which preceded
Spanish in different parts of the country, and which are still spoken
in many regions, notwithstanding that Spanish is the language used
by the great majority of the inhabitants. The Spanish names are
the most generally used, as a rule. Many of them date back to the
time of the Conquest, and are the same as names in common use
for Spanish plants of more or less similar aspect, although often of
no close relationship. In many instances the Carib names of West
Indian plants were brought to Mexico by the early explorers and ap-
plied to the same or similar plants growing in the latter region. In
the case of plants first discovered in Mexico, and quite unlike any-
thing previously known to them, the Spaniards aften adopted the
native Mexican names, especially those of Nahuatl origin. It is in-
teresting to observe how generally some of the Nahuatl names—often
greatly modified in spelling and pronunciation, it is true—are now
used among the Spanish-speaking people of North America, often
in regions far remote from those where the Nahuatl language was
ever spoken. Many of them are in common use among the Spanish-
speaking people of Arizona and New Mexico, and some, like “mes-
quite,” have become recognized English words.
A large number of Nahuatl plant names are known, and many are
listed here. Many more have been reported—particularly by Her-
nandez—whose application is obscure or unknown. The Nahuatl
language was the one spoken at the time of the Conquest by the
inhabitants of the Valley of Mexico. The people of this prosperous
region possessed a great love for flowers as objects of admiration and
adornment, and were familiar with the properties and uses of many
plants, consequently their botanical vocabulary was a remarkably
large one. Less is known of the plant names of other parts of Mexico.
Many names are known, however, from the Maya, which is the origi-
nal and more or less current language of the Yucatan Peninsula
and adjacent regions. Some names are available, also, from the
Tarascan language of Michoacan; the Otomi, of north-central Mex-
ico; and the Mixtec and Zapotec, of Oaxaca and Chiapas. Besides
the vernacular names employed in Mexico, the writer has listed those
from Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela, and from those
islands of the West Indies in which Spanish is spoken, excluding, so
8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
far as possible, those of local native dialects. The importance of
recording native names can not be urged too strongly upon collectors.
These names are often used very uniformly over wide areas and are,
on the whole, probably better standardized than the English names
employed in the United States. This is perhaps not remarkable, in
view of the fact that many of the Spanish names have been in use
for four centuries, and the native names much longer.
The vernacular names here cited are followed by parentheses in
which are listed the states or countries in which they are known or
reported to be used. If there is no further comment or indication,
it may be assumed that the names are correctly applied. In many
cases the vernacular names have been reported by a single authority,
and in some cases the propriety of their application is doubtful; in
such instances the vernacular name is followed by the name of the
authority (in italics) to whom the writer is indebted for it.
ECONOMIC NOTES.
The economic notes also have been gathered from a wide variety of
sources. A large amount of information concerning the uses of
plants has been published in Mexico, and these data have been used
freely. References have been given to the uses made of the plants in
other regions, particularly Central America and the West Indies.
Some of the information here presented is taken from the published
and unpublished notes of Dr. Edward Palmer, who was engaged for
many years in the botanical exploration of Mexico and made ex-
tensive observations on the local uses of plants. The Mexican flora
contains a very large number of species of economic value, some of
which, like the cacao and Mexican rubber tree, are of great com-
mercial importance. The number of plants which yield edible fruit
is very large. It would seem, also, that almost every species is em-
ployed locally for medicinal purposes, but too much importance
should not be attached to the data reported regarding such uses, for,
although many of the plants do possess therapeutic properties, in the
far greater majority of cases the properties attributed are chiefly or
wholly fictitious.
The Republic of Mexico, the region which is covered by the pres-
ent work, is not a natural phytogeographic area, its boundaries
being nowhere coincident with those of any limit of vegetation. It
would be very difficult to draw a natural boundary along the north-
ern frontier, and equally so on the south. There is no sharp break
in the continuity of specific distribution on the south until the
Isthmus of Panama is reached, and even here the break is not too
pronounced, for a large number of species of woody plants are
known to range from the arid regions of Colombia and Venezuela
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 9
to the similar arid areas of western Mexico. It would have been
desirable to extend the scope of the present work to include Central
America, but such an extension would have doubled, probably, the
number of species treated. As the work now stands, it will be
found useful for determination of a large proportion of the species
native to Central America, as well as of those occurring in the
United States in the region of the Mexican border.
To facilitate more thorough taxonomic study of the groups here
treated, there have been listed, when practicable, references to
monographic accounts of each family or genus, in which there will
generally be found complete descriptions of the species. In most
cases only the most recent monograph has been listed, but in some
instances earlier systematic accounts have been mentioned if they
seemed to furnish useful information or to be more easily acces-
sible.
HISTORY OF BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN MEXICO.
Botanical history in Mexico may be considered to have begun with
the landing of the Conquistadores, for the earliest letters of Cortés
to the King contain references to the curious vegetable products of
the country. The true history of botanical activity in Mexico be-
gins at a much earlier date, for the native inhabitants, who had al-
ready reached a high degree of civilization, may be said to have be-
gun scientific researches. No other primitive people, probably, ever
took so great an interest in botanical matters, and at the time of the
Conquest none of the nations of Europe were much superior to the
Mexicans in botanical knowledge. In one respect, at least, the lat-
ter had made greater progress in botanical activity, for they had
established a botanical garden, on an elaborate scale, something that
was not attempted in Europe until a still later date. Not only had
the Aztec people acquired an intimate knowledge of the economic
qualities of the plants with which they came in contact, a knowledge
possessed by all primitive peoples, but they had developed an es-
thetic appreciation of plants for their beauty alone, a fact which indi-
cates a rather high state of moral development. Flowers were cul-
tivated extensively in the Valley of Mexico, and were brought in
great quantities to the markets, where they were purchased for per-
sonal adornment and for the decoration of residences and temples.
This love of flowers has persisted to the present time among the Mexi-
can people, and cut flowers still occupy much space in the markets
everywhere in the Republic.
Beginning with Hernandez, a large number of botanical explorers
from Europe and from the United States have visited Mexico, and
many native Mexicans have contributed to our knowledge of the
10 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
vegetable productions of the country. It is not the writer’s pur-
pose to enumerate the men who have assembled the collections upon
which the scientific knowledge of the Mexican flora is based, but
references to most of them will be found in footnotes scattered
through the systematic account of the flora. The earlier collectors
have been discussed by Hemsley,? and the most complete information
upon the subject has been published by Leén.* Several of the
earliest enterprises for the botanical exploration of Mexico are so re-
markable, and must be referred to so frequently in the text, that it
seems essential to describe them in some detail. These are discussed
below. 3
FRANCISCO HERNANDEZ.
His interest in the North American colonies having been awakened,
perhaps by the reports made by the civil and religious authorities of
the region, Philip II of Spain gave orders to his physician, Francisco
Hernandez, to prepare an account of the natural history, antiquities,
and political conditions of New Spain.’ In order to give him a rank
suitable to the importance of the work he was to undertake, Hernan-
dez was honored with the title of Protomédico of the Indies. He
sailed from Spain in 1570, accompanied by his son. Although Philip
II was very liberal in his appropriations for the expenses of the ex-
pedition, he appears to have underestimated the magnitude of the
task, and it seems that Hernandez was often embarrassed by his lack
of financial resources. Herndndez, however, compensated for this by
his intense application to his work. He visited almost all parts of
New Spain, observing all matters of natural history and collecting a
vast amount of information. His enthusiasm led him to risk his
health and life with experiments made upon his own person to
determine the medicinal properties of plants discovered in the course
of his travels. While upon a journey to Michoacin, he narrowly
escaped death as a result of an experiment with the latex of
“chupire.” His health was finally undermined by his excessive
labors, the worry caused by his financial embarrassment, and the hos-
tility shown by some of those in authority. Five years had been the
period assigned for the cémpletion of his task, and at the end of that
time, in 1575, he had 16 folio volumes ready for publication. Two
years longer, however, he remained in Mexico, continually engaged
* Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 4: 117-137. 1887.
2 Nicolis Leén, Biblioteca Botfinico-Mexicana, catéilogo bibliografico y
eritico de autores y escritos referentes a vegetales de México y sus aplica-
ciones, desde la Conquista hasta el presente. México, 1895. This work con-
tains a remarkably complete and very valuable bibliography of Mexican botany.
It is unfortunate that so many of the publications listed are inaccessible in
even the largest libraries of the United States. .
’The name formerly applied to Mexico.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. Beige)
with the objects of his commission, and refusing to practice his pro-
fession for lack of leisure from his researches, although he states that
‘he thus lost the opportunity of gaining more than 20,000 pesos.
Taking advantage of his title of Protomédico, he assembled many of
the Mexican physicians and directed them to test the native drugs
and to inform him of the results obtained. He himself carried on
experiments in the hospitals with drug plants whose properties he
wished to determine.
In September, 1577, Hernandez returned to Spain. He left in
Mexico three or four copies of his manuscripts and sketches. Be-
sides his manuscripts and herbarium, he carried to Spain many
seeds and living plants to adorn the royal gardens. His execution
of his Mexican commission must have satisfied the Spanish au-
thorities, for he was offered a similar mission to Peru and other
parts of the Indies, which he refused because of a desire to attend
to the printing of his reports. His expectations in this direction,
however, were destined to be sadly disappointed, for instead of
being sent to the printer the manuscripts were buried in the library
of the Escorial, although, as a Mexican writer remarks, “ with every
honor,” for they “were beautifully bound, in blue leather covered
and worked with gold, with clasps, corners, and ornaments of silver,
all very heavy and of excellent workmanship and design.” Not-
withstanding this unfortunate and ironical conclusion of Hernandez’s
expectations, Colmeiro asserts that he had seen “ a sample impression
of the colored plates which were projected for his natural history,
with an estimate of the cost, to judge from which the edition would
have been of uncommon beauty, and perhaps the first of its kind for
that time.” -
Wearied by his disappointments, Hernandez survived only a short
time, and died January 28, 1578. Neither the exact date of his birth
nor his birthplace is known, nor the place where his remains rest.
He left 16 folio volumes, six of text, describing the animals, plants,
and minerals of Mexico, and 10 of drawings representing these ob-
jects; also various miscellaneous manuscripts dealing with medli-
cine, Mexican antiquities, and moral and religious philosophy. He
had prepared a translation of Pliny’s National History, and had
written at least two philosophical works in verse. Except for a
few fragments, all these works were destroyed by the fire which
consumed the Royal Monastery of the Escorial in June 1671. Of
the manuscripts left in Mexico nothing is known, and it is probable
that all were lost within a few years after their preparation.
Soon after Hernaindez’s death the King moved to remedy the delay
in the publication of his works by commissioning another of his
physicians, Dr. Nardo Antonio Recchi, a native of Naples, to take
126651—20——2
12 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
charge of them. The latter apparently extracted from the manu-
scripts the portion which he believed would be most useful to the
medical profession, for it is evident that most of the matter he |
selected was of this sort. Some doubts have been raised regarding
Recchi’s competency to perform the task assigned him; nevertheless
except for his connection with the matter it is improbable that any
portion of Hernéndez’s work would ever have been published.
Recchi’s manuscript, however, met with no better treatment than the
original one, for it too remained unpublished, and was taken later by
its compiler to Naples. After Recchi’s death it came into the posses-
sion of his nephew, from whom it was purchased by Prince Federico
Cesi, a devoted student of natural history. By him it was turned
over to the Accademia dei Lyncei, whose members undertook the
arrangement and annotation of the manuscript and finally prepared
it for publication. Through the Spanish ambassador at Rome funds
for printing were secured, and the work of Hernandez, thus modified,
was at last given to the public. There is considerable uncertainity
regarding the actual date of publication, but the date of completion
is believed to have been 1651.1. An abridged edition appeared as
early as 1628, and extracts had been published by various authors at
still earlier dates. -An edition of the work prepared by Ortega was
issued at Madrid in 1780.
Hernindez’s work is of great historic interest because of the fact
that it is the first extensive publication dealing with the botanical .
features of Mexico. It contains a great mass of information regard-
ing the plants of that countrys; some of which, relating to practices
of the early inhabitants, had been forgotten before other botanists
visited the region. A large part of the observations relate to medic-
inal properties of plants, and these are interesting even if not of
much practical importance. It is unfortunate that the identity of
many of Hernandez’s plants must remain a matter of conjecture, be-
cause his descriptions are usually drawn in such general terms, and
the illustrations accompanying them are often equally vague. The
book, however, will always possess an attraction for those interested
in herb lore if not for the taxonomist. It must be remembered that
the work, as we have it, is not that of Hernandez himself, but only
a compilation or an extract, and that the original manuscript if it
1Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus, seu plantarum animalium,
mineralium mexicanorum historia ex Francisco Hernéindez, novi orbis medici
primarii, relationibus in ipsa mexcana urbe conscriptis a Nardo Antonio Reccho
collecta ac in ordinem digesta: a Joanne Terrentio, Joanne Fabro et Fabio
Columna Lynceis notis et additionibus illustrata. Cui accessere aliquot ex
Principis Federici Caesii frontispiciis theatri naturalis phytosophicae tabulae
una cum quam plurimis iconibus. Pp. 1-950+-1-90, ill. Rome, 1651,
~ could have been published as prepared would doubtless have been of
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 13
Ff
much greater value.
In recent years Mr. W. E. Safford, of the U. S. Department of
Agriculture, has spent much time in identifying the plants treated by
Hernandez. He has published numerous papers upon the subject,
and references to some of these will be found in the body of the
present paper. ;
EXPEDITION OF CHARLES III.
The most elaborate botanical undertaking in the history of Mexico
was undoubtedly the famous expedition of Charles III of Spain.
That ruler decided to institute a survey of the natural resources of
his extensive dominions beyond the sea, and for the execution of the
project explorers were chosen from among the most learned scien-
tists of Spain, parties of whom were sent to several of the Spanish
possessions. One of these expeditions was dispatched to the Philip-
pines and another, headed by Ruiz and Pavoén, to Peru. Since
Mexico was one of the two most important of the Spanish possessions,
the party sent to that country, New Spain, as it was then known,
was chosen with particular care.
It was headed by Dr. Martin Sessé y Lacasta, who was to have
charge of a proposed botanical garden. The other members of the
commission were D. Juan Diego del Castillo; D. José Longinos;
D. Juan Cerda, a draftsman; and Dr. Vicente Cervantes, who
was to establish a chair of botany in the City of Mexico. The mem-
bers were chosen by D. Casimiro Gémez Ortega, the director of the
botanical garden of Madrid.
The commission arrived in Mexico in 1788, and on the Ist of
May at 5 in the evening there was inaugurated with great solemnity
a department of botany in the University. Sessé delivered an in-
augural dissertation which was preceded by the installation of the
-men chosen for the various professorships, conducted by the rector of
the University. There were present the royal audience, the déctors,
all of the religious societies, the regidores, military officials, and
many members of society. The viceroy was unable to be present,
but he was represented by D. Francisco Xavier Gamboa.
The University was illuminated at night and after a brilliant
concert, according to a contemporaneous newspaper account, “ there
were lighted magnificent fireworks, ingeniously executed by that
pyrotechnic artist, D. Joaquin Gavilan. Three trees, known in this
kingdom under the name of papayo, closely imitating nature in the
delineation of their leaves, flowers, and fruits, gave a clear picture
of the sex of plants, which, being separated in this genus, was
represented in the following manner: Two female trees, clothed
with their respective flowers, and fruits of different stages of devel-
14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
opment, indicated the method by which the latter take their devel-
opment from the flowers of the male plant, which, as such, was
without fruits and occupied the center, sending out sparks of fire,
which, directed to the female plants, represented perfectly the pol-
len transported through the air to fertilize the female flowers.
“At the foot of the male tree were placed various decorations
alluding to the features of a garden, which illuminated the Plaza
with brilliant, spectacular, and fascinating lights of different colors
and changed gradually into others no less entertaining. As the
three trees disappeared there appeared an inscription in letters of
fire which said, AMOR URIT PLANTAS, which is what the illus-
irious Carolus Linnaeus holds in his ingenious dissertation, Spon-
salia Plantarum.”
At the same hour on the following day the botanical course was
opened under the direction of Cervantes in the residence of the chief
engineer of the city, D. Ignacio Castera, who also offered his garden
as a laboratory. The botanical lectures were attended not only by
the young students of the University but by numerous professional
men, one of whom was D. José Mariano Mocifio. The city govern-
ment lent asgistance to the new undertaking by setting apart for a
botanical garden a parcel of land, a portion of which is now occupied
by the home of the Instituto Médico Nacional.
Mocifio was a young physician, native of Mexico, who so distin-
guished himself in his botanical studies that only seven months after
the establishment of the botanical course he was appointed member
of the scientific commission. A fellow student, Maldonado, was
given a like appointment, that he might engage in the work of dis-
sections. These two, besides Castillo and Longinos, were directed to
explore the more remote parts of New Spain, while Sessé reserved
for himself the exploration of the central regions of Mexico, and
Cervantes confined his attention to his professorial duties.
Mocifio’s explorations extended on the south to the coast of Ta-
basco, which he visited in December, 1794, continuing his course into
Guatemala. In company with Castillo he went north to the Tara-
humare country, into what is now Chihuahua, and later he traveled
in California, and as far as Nootka Sound, and still later in Jalisco,
Michoacan, and other regions. Mocifo survived the peril and fatigue
of his travels, but not so Castillo, who died in the City of Mexico,
July 26, 1793.
Besides Cerda, the official artist of the expedition, D. Atanasio
Echeverria,’ a native of Mexico, was employed in making drawings
of botanical and other objects. A pharmacist, D. Jaime Senseve,
also was appointed to the commission, and likewise D. José Antonio
*The genus Hcheveria, of the family Crassulaceae, was named in his honor.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 15
Alzate y Ramirez, the latter a distinguished scientist, born in Mexico,
who published numerous articles dealing with Mexican plants.
Longinos engaged in the formation of collections of various objects
and explored many parts of New Spain, his.route extending even to
the Californias. He visited also Guatemala and Yucatan, and died
in the port of Campeche in 1803. Some of his collections were sent
to Madrid and part remained in Mexico.
Mocifio was the most enthusiastic and diligent of all the members of
the commission. He was likewise the most adventurous, and in the
ascent of the Volcan de Tuxtla, in 1793, he came near losing his life.
He ended his field work in 1801, and in the Hospital de San Andrés he
conducted experiments with the medicinal plants he had collected.
He was able to communicate to others some of his enthusiasm for
natural history, and many people began to take an interest in the
subject, one of the results of which was the formation of an extensive
museum. His chief interest, however, was the task, in association
with Sessé, of arranging and describing his botanical collections,
with the view of publishing a work entitled Plantae Novae Hispaniae.
He had already prepared a Flora Mexicana, and specimens from his
collections had been sent to Lagasca and Cavanilles, who described
some of them as new species. In addition, living plants and seeds
were forwarded to the Botanical Garden of Madrid.
Finally, in 1804, Sessé and Mocifio made an end of their explo-
rations and set sail for Madrid, with a rich herbarium and a series
of 1,400 colored drawings, as well as their precious manuscripts.
Cervantes remained in Mexico as director of the botanical garden
and professor of botany.
Sessé and Mocino were filled with hope of the immediate publi-
cation of the results of their labors, but the bitter disappointment
experienced by Hernandez was to be the share of these two botanists
also. They were given a cool reception and no facilities whatever for
printing their reports. Hope of soon meeting with success in his am-
bitions induced Mocifio to accept a meager pension from the Gov-
ernment, and he lived as a member of Sessé’s family until the death
of the latter in 1809. He manifested a deep interest in all scientific
matters; he was appointed director of the cabinet of natural history
of Madrid, gave courses in zoology, and with the assistance of another
“Mexican, D. Pablo de La Llave, arranged the zoological collections
of the museum.
Mocifio seems to have been on good terms with the French, who
invaded Spain about this time, but he became involved in difficulties
because of his refusal to recognize one Barrois as president of the
Academy of Medicine, of which he was a member. When the
French Army withdrew from Madrid, Mocifio remained, presuming
that he had not compromised himself by acting as a teacher of nat-
16 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ural history during the occupation, but in this he was mistaken, for
soon after he was seized, thrown into prison, and placed in chains,
and thus he remained until the French Army returned. Thereupon
he was released and permitted to return to the museum. Again the
French retreated, and Mocifio, who was now far advanced in years
(the date of his birth is not known), resolved not to risk his fortunes
again with the Spanish authorities, and took his departure, bearing
with him in a cart his manuscripts and drawings. By night he
slept in the cart, and by day he walked beside it, until it was taken
from him by a French officer. He managed, however, to save his
possessions and to escape from Spain, and as it was evidently un-
safe for him to return to Madrid he took refuge at Montpellier. He
was nearly blind and was reduced to beggary, from which he was
rescued by certain French scientists.
In Montpellier he became acquainted with De Candolle and Dunal,
who joined with him in assigning names to the new species of plants
he had discovered. To De Candolle he turned over his manuscripts
and drawings, and that famous Swiss botanist seems to have been
the first of those who had seen them to have formed an adequate
idea of their value. Mocifio often visited De Candolle’s lecture
room, and one day the latter had occasion to deliver a eulogy of
the Mexican botanist, unaware that the subject of his praise was
present. When the latter’s presence was pointed out to him, De
Candolle embraced Mocifio effusively and pressed him to take the
chair and elucidate the subject that had suggested his name. Over-
come by the occasion, Mocifio burst into tears and was unable to
speak a word.
After passing a few years at Montpellier, the adoption of the
constitution in Spain gave Mocifio hope that he might be permitted
to return to Madrid. He besought such permission of the govern-
ment, and it was finally granted. In April, 1817, consequently, he
asked of De Candolle, who was now in Geneva, the return of his
papers. The request was evidently made in urgent terms, but De
Candolle was determined to keep copies of the drawings and descrip-
tions, and hastened to have these made. De Candolle says that
“About 120 persons came voluntarily to offer me their time and
brushes; most of them were ladies of society; but there were also
professional artists and a multitude of persons who were strangers
to me. The young people united in the common task. The whole
city was busy for 10 days, and the diligence of all those who knew
how to use a brush or pencil was really affecting. * * * Asa
result of this diligence the collection of Mocifo was almost wholly
copied in the time fixed.” ‘De Candolle never recounted this affec-
tionate demonstration of his fellow citizens,” says Dunal, “ but his
eyes filled with tender tears.” The number of drawings thus copied
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. sa
was 1,100, and from them 274 new species were published in the
Prodromus. Tracings of the sketches were distributed to many of
the herbaria of Europe.
Mocifo returned to Spain, where he received a warm welcome
from the Minister of Marine, D. Juan Sabat, who gave him lodging
in his home and assisted him in other ways. Mocifio later started
upon a voyage, but had proceeded only as far as Barcelona when
he was overcome by illness, and he died in that city in 1819. Thus
he failed to realize any of his hopes for the publication of the results
of his long years of exploration and study, nor were the fruits of
his labors destined to reach the public until still many more years
had passed.
His drawings passed into the possession of the physician who
attended him in his final illness, and it is not known what finally be-
came of them. His manuscripts and other papers, including a
“ Flora de Guatemala,” are in the Botanical Garden of Madrid, where
the herbarium of the expedition is said to have been deposited in 1820.
Some of the specimens reached the Lambert Herbarium, and it is
believed that Mexican specimens at Kew and at the British Museum,
labeled as having been collected by Pavoén, are from the Sessé and
Mocino collections. Presumably they were distributed by Pavon,
and his name was affixed to the labels through some error. Pavon
is not known to have visited Mexico.
The Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural learned that the
manuscript of the Flora Mexicana existed at Madrid, and as early
as 1870 made an attempt to secure a copy of it, but it was 15 years
before the attempt was successful. It was desired also to secure the
illustrations for publication, but this was found impracticable. The
Flora Mexicana was finally published in the City of Mexico in 1888
by the Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, and a second edition,
with numerous corrections, was printed by the Instituto Médico
Nacional in 1894. The Plantae Novae Hispaniae was printed by the
former society in 1886, and was reprinted by the Secretaria de
Fomento for the Chicago Exposition of 1893.
It was thus more than a hundred years after the organization of
the expedition that the results of its investigations were finally made
public. Perhaps no other botanical project has ever had so inter-
esting a history, and none, it may safely be said, has ever been at-
tended with so many dramatic incidents. If they had been pub-
lished when first written, the two floras would have become historic.
They were better prepared than most of the botanical works of their
day, although their authors had a very broad conception of specific
limits and referred many of the Mexican plants to species of the Old
World tropics with which they were not even congeneric. When the
works were actually printed they had long been obsolete, and most
18 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
of the plants dealt with had been described years before by other
authors, sometimes under the same names but usually not. Aside
from the sentimental interest that was gratified by the publication
of the manuscripts, it is a matter of regret that botanical nomen-
clature was further taxed with so many useless synonyms. Indeed,
but little attention has ever been paid by botanists to the numerous
new names recorded in these two works.
ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT.
Alexander, Baron von Humboldt, one of the most illustrious men
of his period, was born in Berlin in 1769. He was granted permis-
sion by the court of Spain to explore the Spanish possessions in
America, and in 1799, in company with Aimée Bonpland, he sailed
from Coruna. He landed at Cumand, Venezuela, and starting from
that point he explored New Andalusia (Venezuela) and Spanish
Guiana. Thence he went to Cuba, and later to other parts of South
America. In March, 1803, he landed at Acapulco, and followed the
usual route of that day to the capital, where he made the acquaintance
of Cervantes, Cal, Alzate, and many other scientists. He explored
thoroughly the Valley of Mexico, and made collections also in
Hidalgo, Querétaro, Guanajuato, Puebla, Jalisco, Michoacén, Gue-
rrero, and other regions. Altogether, ten months were spent in Mex-
ico, and in 1804 Humboldt and Bonpland returned to Paris, where
the former remained for many years. He died in Berlin in 1850.
The rich material obtained by the expedition was sufficient to
occupy the many years which Humboldt devoted to scientific study.
The botanical collections were gathered chiefly by Bonpland, but
the senior member of the expedition made extensive observations
upon vegetation which served as the basis for classic works upon
phytogeography. The Mexican collections included about 950 spe-
cies, a large proportion of which were described as new. Along with
the material from other regions they were turned over to Kunth, who
published seven volumes describing them.t Humboldt and Bon-
pland also published jointly two large volumes dealing with some of
the most interesting of their discoveries. So far as modern botanical
1Nova genera et species plantarum quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoc-
tialem orbis novi collegerunt, descripserunt, partim adumbraverunt Amat. Bon-
pland et Alex. de Humboldt. Ex schedis autographis Amati Bonpland in
ordinem digessit Carolus Siegesmund Kunth. Accedunt Alexandri de Hum-
boldt notationes ad geographiam plantarum spectantes. Vols. 1-7. pl. 1-700.
aris, 1815-1825.
* Plantae aequinoctiales, per regnum Mexici in provinciis Caracarum et Novae
Andalusiae, in Peruvianorum, Quitensium, Novae Granatae Andibus, ad Orenoci,
Fluvii nigri, fluminis Amazonum ripas nascentes. In ordinem digessit Amatus
Bonpland. Vobs. 1, 2. pl. 1-143. Paris, 1808-1809.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 19
work is concerned, the Nova Genera et Species is the first important
work treating of Mexican plants. The collections obtained in South
America were much more extensive than those from Mexico, and for
Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru the work is of even greater
importance than for Mexico. Humboldt and Bonpland were the
first to make known to science many of the most common and charac-
teristic Mexican plants.
Besides these and other systematic works, Humboldt published
accounts of his voyages, which are replete with original observations
upon matters of natural history. He was the father of the science
of plant geography, and published several classic works upon the
subject, the best known of which is his Essai sur la Géographie des
Plantes.+
Bonpland was born in 1778 in the French city of Rochelle. Some
time after his return to Europe, in 1816, he decided to establish him-
self in America, and went to Buenos Aires, where he gave courses
in natural history. He traveled in the more remote parts of Argen-
tina, Paraguay, and Bolivia, and finally settled in Paraguay where
he established a factory for the preparation of maté. This act seems
to have aroused the jealousy of the dictator Francia, and in 1821
a band of his agents attacked the finca, killed some of the employees,
-and wounded Bonpland himself. The latter was put in chains
and kept nine years in captivity, but later was released and devoted
his attention to agricultural pursuits. He died in 1858.
SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT.
KEY TO THE FAMILIES.
- - Subkingdom Pteridophyta.
Plants without flowers or seeds, but producing spores. Ferns.
’
Rhizomes creeping, very slender, producing mostly ascending or reclining
vinelike leaves of indeterminate growth; sporangia relatively few, sub-
globose to pyriform, dehiscing vertically; sori flattened.
GLEICHENIACEAE.
Rhizomes erect or ascending, mostly arborescent, bearing a terminal crown
-of large leaves; sporangia numerous, ovoid, dehiscing horizontally; sori
essentially globose_____ eect “Se. BES) See ____CYATHEACEAE.
4Friederich Alexander yon Humboldt et Aimé Bonpland. Essai sur la
géographie des plantes; accompagné d’un tableau physique des régions
équinoxiales, fondé sur des mesures exécutées depuis le dixiéme degré de
latitude boréale jusqu’au dixiéme degré de latitude australe pendant les années
1799-1803. Pp. 1-155. Paris, 1805.
Also, Friederich Alexander von Humboldt. De distributione geographica
plantarum secundum coeli temperiem et sltitudinem montium, prolegomena.
Pp. 1-249. pl. Paris, 1817.
20 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Subkingdom Spermatophyta.
Plants with flowers which produce seeds. Flowering plants.
KEY TO THE CLASSES.
Ovules and seeds borne on the face of a bract or scale; stigmas wanting.
1. GYMNOSPERMAE.
Ovules and seeds borne in a closed cavity; stigmas present.
2. ANGIOSPERMAE.
CLASS 1. GYMNOSPERMAE.
Leaves pinnate, broad; cotyledons united_______________ CYCADACEAE.
Leaves entire or denticulate, narrow, usually needle-like or scalelike; coty-
ledons distinct.
Stems jointed. Leaves reduced to whorled scales_____-____ GNETACEAE.
Stems not jointed.
Ovulate flowers solitary; fruit baccate, small. Leaves short, linear.
TAXACEAE.
Ovulate flowers few or numerous; fruit a dry or fleshy cone, often large.
PINACEAE.
CLASS 2. ANGIOSPERMAE,
KEY TO THE SUBCLASSES. x
Cotyledon 1: stems endogenous; leaves parallel-veined.
1. MONOCOTYLEDONEAE.
Cotyledons normally 2: stems exogenous: leaves not parallel-veined.
2. DICOTYLEDONEAE
Subclass 1. Monocotyledones.
Ovary inferior. Leaves mostly basal, often spine-toothed.
AMARYLLIDACEAE.
Ovary superior.
Perianth rudimentary, of scales, green or greenish, never corolla-like.
GASSOS = 2 ee eee eee POACEAE.
Perianth of 2 distinct series, the inner series usually corolla-like.
Ovules solitary in each cell of the ovary. Palms; leaves usually compound
or deeply lobed. s= 2 Se ee ee PHOENICACEAE.
Ovules 2 to many in each cell.
Inflorescence a fleshy spadix surrounded by a spathe; leaves succulent.
Plants usually epiphytic and scandent_______-__-______ ARACEAE.
Inflorescence not a spadix.
Styles present; stems not scandent, unarmed; leaves linear or dagger-
shaped.2 = == =) a es ee LILIACEAE.
Styles none; stems scandent, armed with spines; leaves broad.
SMILACACEAE.
Subclass 2. Dicotyledones.
KEY TO THE SERIES.
Perianth segments wanting or all similar (especially in texture and color),
rarely somewhat unequal, 5 or fewer_______---_____--____ 1. APETALAE.
F STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 21
3 Perianth segments in 2 series, calyx and corolla, rarely similar but then more
og than 5.
3 Petals distinct, rarely coherent above but distinct below.
— 2. POLYPETALAE.
=
Petals united below (at least at the base) or throughout.
3. GAMOPETALAE.
= Series 1. APETALAE.
Ovary superior, almost superior, or naked.
Perfect and pistillate flowers without a perianth.
= Ovary with 2 or more cells.
¢ Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell; styles 2. Leaves alternate,
SHIT OWENS” 311” Cn ERIS 8 3. Ps et Be i BETULACEAE.
Ovary 3 or 4-celled. ;
Ovary 3-celled; styles 3, or 1 but with 3 or 6 stigmas; fruit a 3-celled
CTS VE eee oe ee ee ee ee eee EUPHORBIACEAE.
Ovary 4celled; styles 2 or 4, or a 2-lobed sessile stigma; fruit 4-celled,
indehiscent. Leaves fleshy, terete______--________ BATIDACEAE.
Ovary 1-celled.
Leaves reduced to whorled scales. Fruit conelike._CASUARINACEAE.
Leaves not reduced to whorled scales.
Ovule 1 in each cell.
Leaves opposite. stipulate; stamen 1; ovule pendulous.
: CHLORANTHACEAE.
Leaves alternate, or opposite and estipulate; stamens 2 to 16; ovule
erect.
Fruit a drupe. covered with pale wax; seeds without endosperm ;
leaves estipniate,-dentate_ 2 es MYRICACEAE.
Fruit a small berry; seeds with endosperm; leaves stipulate.
entire. Flowers in long slender dense spikes__PIPERACEAE.
Ovules more than 1 in each cell. Seeds with a tuft of hairs; leaves
SEET CUE Petes Nee RS Ree ae ee Ae Re Se er eee Sees SALICACEAE.
Perfect and pistillate flows with a perianth.
A. Ovary 1, 1-celled.
B. Ovule 1.
Leaves stipulate.
Leaves: deeply lobed, alternate.__-———_-_.- -. --- _.._ = ROSACEAE.
Leaves simple.
Styles 3. distinct or connate at the base. Stipules often sheath-
EUG a ste Ue, ee i id a, ee POLYGONACEAE.
Style 1 and undivided, or bipartite, or of 1 or 2 sessile stigmas.
Flowers perfect, racemose. Leaves alternate.
PHYTOLACCACEAE.
Flowers unisexual.
Stamens more numerous than the perianth segments; stami-
nate flowers with a perianth_______ EUPHORBIACEAE.
; : Stamens as many as the perianth segments or fewer; stami-
* : nate flowers sometimes without a perianth. Leaves alter-
nate.
Flowers solitary or clustered ; juice not milky_ULMACEAE.
Flowers spicate, racemose, or capitate; juice milky.
- -: MORACEAE.
29 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves estipulate.
Perianth imbricate in bud. Leaves entire or dentate, simple.
Perianth segments 6, rarely fewer, the stamens then more nu-
merous than the segments but not twice as many.
Anthers dehiscent by recurved valves; style 1; seeds without
endosperm. Leaves alternate, aromatic___.‘LAURACEAE.
Anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits; styles 2wr 3; seeds with
endosperm. Leaves usually alternate___POLYGONACEAE.
Perianth segments 2 to 5; stamens as many as the segments or
fewer. Leaves alternate or opposite.
Flowers with thin chaffy bracts; filaments united, at least at
thevhbases= 8S a eee eR AMARANTHACEAE.
Flowers with herbaceous bracts; filaments distinct. Leaves
ofteny suceleni= == ee CHENOPODIACEHAE.
Perianth valvate or open in bud. Style 1 or none; stigma 1.
Stamens inserted on the perianth. Leaves deeply lobed, alternate.
PROTEACEAE.
Stamens free from the perianth. ’
Filaments wholly connate; anthers dehiscent extrorsely. Leaves
alternate entire<- 2s leans See eee MYRISTICACEAE.
Filaments free or connate only at the base; anthers dehiscent
introrsely or laterally.
Stamens 3 or 4, equal in number to the perianth segments
and opposite them. Leaves alternate; plants often with
Stingin'o hairs - = eee URTICACEAE.
Stamens more numerous or fewer than the perianth segments,
rarely of the same number, but the plants then with
opposite leaves, and the stamens 5 or alternate with the
perianth lobes. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire.
ALLIONIACEAE.
BB. Ovules 2 or more in each cell.
Ovules 2 in each cell.
Flowers dioecious; styles 3, or the stigma sessile.
EUPHORBIACEAE.
Flowers perfect or polygamous; style 1.
Stamens 3 or 4; style terminal; leaves estipulate, alternate.
PROTEACEAE.
Stamens 8S or more, rarely fewer, but the style then basal; leaves
usually stipulate, alternate.
Style basal, or if terminal the stamens numerous; leaves simple.
ROSACEAE.
Style terminal; stamens 8 or 10; leaves pinnate.
MIMOSACEAE.
Ovules 3 or more in each cell. Leaves alternate.
Ovules attached to the ventral suture of the ovary.
Stamens 4, without filaments; leaves simple, estipulate.
PROTEACEAE.
Stamens 5 or more, with filaments; leaves compound, stipulate.
MIMOSACEAE.
Ovules attached to several parietal placentae or to a basal or central
placenta,
Stamen 1. Leaves entire, estipulate; flowers spicate.
LACISTEMACEAE.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 23
Stamens numerous.
Ovary borne on-a long gynophore; seeds without endosperm.
CAPPARIDACEAE.
Ovary sessile or nearly so; seeds with endosperm.
FLACOURTIACEAE.
AA. Ovary 1, several-celled, or the carpels several and distinct.
Ovaries several, distinct.
Stamens with connate filaments, hypogynous. Leaves alternate,
FSi OUD EN eens scene SS yet ES eae a ees Oe STERCULIACEAE.
Stamens with distinct filaments, or the filaments wanting, the stamens
in the latter case perigynous.
Perianth segments distinct; leaves opposite, compound; plants
Seen era ee ae I oe Pe Pe RANUNCULACEAE.
Perianth segments of the perfect and pistillate flowers more or less
united, those of the staminate flowers sometimes distinct but the
plants then with alternate leaves; plants erect.
Ovules 2; leaves stipulate, pinnate_________ SIMAROUBACEAE.
Ovule 1; leaves estipulate, simple____._______ MONIMIACEAE.
Ovary 1.
Ovule 1 in each cell.
INOW ETS CEG te ees ts a ee 2b ee Dn RHAMNACEAE.
¥lowers polygamous or dioecious.
Leaves compound, estipulate; stamens 8______ SAPINDACEAE.
Leaves simple, stipulate; stamens 4 or 5, or 10 to 20.
SECT SAO Tete hee ee es ey ee ed RHAMNACEAE.
StamenseLOctoy 20S ee Se ees a ea ee BUXACEAE.
Ovules 2 or more in each cell.
Ovules 2 in each cell.
Leaves stipulate.
Style 1, undivided; ovary 5-lobate. Leaves alternate. 7
STERCULIACEAE.
Styles several; ovary usually 3-lobate_____ EUPHORBIACEAE.
-Leaves estipulate.
Flowers perfect; seeds without endosperm______ ACERACEAE.
Flowers unisexual; seeds with endosperm________ BUXACEAE.
Ovules 3 or more in each cell.
Stamens) 15 eon fey ers as Se TILIACEAE.
Stamens very numerous2-—=" = 2. 2 8 see ELAEOCARPACEAE.
Ovary inferior, almost inferior, or half inferior.
Ovary 1-celled, or sometimes incompletely several-celled.
Ovule 1.
Stamens as many as the perianth segments and alternate with them;
perianth corolla-like. Flowers in involucrate heads.
ASTERACEAE.
Stamens as many as the perianth segments and opposite them, or fewer
or more numerous; perianth calyx-like: or wanting.
Leaves stipulate.
PIGCA VES ODPOSILeLe 2. aa s= STs Fe Sete CHLORANTHACEAE.
lmeéavessalternatess 2 2= 4 Sao ee ae ae REE CASI RE be MORACEAE.
Leaves estipulate.
Leaves pinnate. Plants trees or shrubs; flowers in catkins.
JUGLANDACEAE.
Leaves simple, sometimes reduced to scales.
Plants trees; fruit winged-——--__-----_____ HERNANDIACEAE.
24 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Plants small shrubs, often parasitic; fruit not winged.
Leaves opposite or verticillate, sometimes reduced to scales;
plants: parasitic.=-3 eee LORANTHACEAE.
Leaves mostly alternate; plants not parasitic.
CHENOPODIACEAE.
Ovules 2 or more.
Ovules 2 to 4. Leaves alternate, simple______-_____ COMBRETACEAE.
Ovules 6 or more.
Plants erect trees; fruit an acorn; flowers in catkins___FAGACEAE.
Plants scandent shrubs; fruit not an acorn; flowers not in catkins.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE.
Ovary completely several-celled.
Ovule 1 in each cell; leaves simple, stipulate.
Ovary cells and styles or stigmas 3 or 4. Leaves opposite or alternate,
entirevor. dentate —-: -" 3-2" =e eee eee RHAMNACEAE,
Ovary cells and styles or stigmas 2. Leaves entire, opposite. :
RUBIACEAE.
Ovules 2 or more in each cell; leaves simple, estipulate.
Plants scandent; perianth 3-lobed or 1 or 2-lipped; leaves alternate.
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE.
Plants erect ; perianth 4 to 8-lobed or parted; leaves opposite or alternate.
MYRTACEAE.
Series 2. POLYPETALAE.
A. Ovary wholly or half inferior.
B. Perfect stamens 10 or fewer.
Ovule 1 in each cell of the ovary.
Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them.
Ovary 1-celled; plants parasitic. Leaves opposite or verticillate, entire.
* LORANTHACEAE.
Ovary 2 to 4-celled; plants not parasitic. Leaves opposite or alternate,
entire ‘or dentates ees eee a See ee eee ee RHAMNACEAE.
Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or fewer or
more numerous.
Style 1, simple or cleft only at the apex, or the stigma 1 and sessile.
Fruit an achene. Flowers in dense globose heads; leaves alternate,
usually: lobate:.. 44 =3 ee eee PLATANACEAE,
Fruit not an achene. Leaves alternate or opposite.
Petals contorted in bud. Leaves simple, entire or dentate.
ONAGRACEAE.
Petals valvate in bud.
Leaves entire; flowers not in umbels_-—--------~-- CORN ACEAE.
Leaves lobed or compound; flowers in umbels__- ARALIACEAE.
Styles 2 or more, free or connected only at the base, or the stigmas 2
or more and sessile. Leaves alternate.
Ovary half inferior; fruit capsular; flowers in globose heads.
Leaves palmately lobed__+------------- HAMAMELIDACEAE.
Ovary wholly inferior; fruit baccate; flowers in umbels.
ARALIACEAE.
Ovules 2 or more in each cell of the ovary.
Styles 2 or more, united only at the base.
jneaavesinitermmate 2 ace ee er
eaves: Opposite 222 a are ST has ance od
FLACOURTIACEAE.
HYDRANGEACEAE.
STANDLEY-—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. pei
Style 1, simple or cleft only at the apex, or stigma 1 and sessile.
Petals valvate in bud.
Stamens 8 to 10, twice as many as the petals; calyx lobes valvate
in bud; leaves alternate or opposite_______ COMBRETACEAE.
Stamens 2 to 6, as many as the petals or fewer; calyx lobes open or
imbricate in bud; leaves alternate______________ OLACACEAE.
Petals imbricate or contorted in bud.
Ovary 1-celled, the ovules suspended from the apex of the cell.
COMBRETACEAE.
Ovary 1-celled, with basal, central, or parietal ovules, or several-
celled.
3 Ovary 4 or 5-celled.
Perfect stamens 10; leaves opposite____________ MYRTACEAE.
Perfect stamens 5; leaves alternate__PTEROSTEMONACEAE.
Ovary 1-celled, or incompletely several-celled.
Anthers dehiscent by terminal pores; leaves usually with longi-
FuGinal: ibs; Opposite. === a MELASTOMATACEAE.
Anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits; leaves without longitu-
dinal ribs.
Seeds with endosperm; petals imbricate or open in bud;
fruit baceate; leaves alternate____GROSSULARIACEAE.
Seeds without endosperm; petals contorted; fruit capsular ;
leaves alternate or opposite____________ ONAGRACEAE.
BB. Perfect stamens more than 10.
Style 1, simple or cleft only at the apex, or stigma 1 and sessile.
Leaves stipulate. Leaves opposite, entire________ RHIZOPHORACEAE.
Leaves estipulate. ¥
Plants very succulent and spiny, the leaves usually absent.
. CACTACEAE.
Plants neither succulent nor spiny; leaves well developed.
Stamens usually twice as many as the petals; leaves usually with
J ovate oko i oe Me ol 0S ea ee a ee eee MELASTOMATACEAE.
Stamens more than twice as many as the petals; leaves without lon-
~ gitudinal ribs.
Sepals 2 to 4, or more and imbricate; leaves usually punctate.
MYRTACEAE.
Sepals 5 to 8, valvate; leaves not punctate_______ PUNICACEAE.
Styles 2 or more, free or united only at the base, or the stigmas 2 or more
and_ sessile.
Leaves estipulate, opposite.
Flowers borne upon the leaves; petals valvate in bud.
ESCALLONIACEAE.
Flowers not borne upon the leaves; petals valvate or imbricate.
HYDRANGEACEAE.
Leaves stipulate, alternate. Petals imbricate in bud.
Ovary 1-celled ; petals usually 6 to 8____________ FLACOURTIACEAE.
: Ovaryeseveral-celleds petals bx. = 3 2 se es MALACEAE.
AA. Ovary superior or nearly so.
C. Ovary 1, 1-celled or incompletely several-celled.
Sepals 2, distinct or rarely connate and forming a cap. Leaves estipulate.
- Leaves entire; plants with colorless juice __________ PORTULACACEAE.
Leaves dentate or lobate; plants with colored juice__PAPAVERACEAE.
26 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Sepals 8 or more.
D. Perfect stamens 1 to 10.
E. Style 1, simple, with 1 stigma or with several connected stigmas, or
stigma 1 and sessile. ;
F. Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell.
Leaves stipulate, alternate.
NS] Fig ote OF Nt RE eS a OE EN Se eer rg aa ROSACEAE.
Style terminal or nearly so.
Flowers papilionaceous (like that of the bean or pea), the
upper, petalvoutsidem**: = nas are ee FABACEAE.
Flower not papilionaceous, the upper petal-innermost.
CAESALPINIACEAE.
Leaves estipulate.
Leaves simple.
Flowers regular.
Sepals and petals 8; anthers dehiscent by valves. Leaves
AILtErnate.s arOMmahlel sea eee een LAURACEAE.
Sepals and petals 4 to 6; anthers dehiscent by longitudinal
slits.
Petals valvate in bud; endosperm copious_OLACACEAE.
Petals imbricate in bud; endosperm scant or none.
Ovule 1; leaves usually compound.
ANACARDIACEAE.
Ovules*2;s leaves simplesa= se anes ICACINACEAE.
Flowers distinctly irregular.
Fruit covered with barbed spines. Leaves entire.
KRAMERIACEAE.
Fruit without barbed spines. a ;
Stamens 4 to 8, hypogynous; anthers dehiscent by pores.
Leaves entire; tlowers racemose__POLYGALACEAE,
Stamens 9 or 10, usually perigynous; anthers dehiscent by
Lone huGinale Slits sess er ee eee FABACEAE.
Leaves compound.
Ovule 1A 2. See et ele ee ANACARDIACEAE.
Ovules 2.
Ovules ascending; stamens 10, perigynous, 5 of them often
Sterile: 2 [eee ERE seit BRON Ye CONNARACEAE.
Ovules descending; stamens 3 to 8, hypogynous, all perfect.
Stamens 3 to 5; seeds with endosperm; leaves with trans-
parent.clanGgs =" See ee ee ee RUTACEAE,
Stamens 8; seeds without endosperm; leaves without
transparent -Sland see BURSERACEAE.
FF. Ovules more than 2 in each cell.
Ovules attached to a basal or free central placenta. Leaves alter-
nate.
Stamens alternate with the petals. Leaves simple.
OLACACEAE,
Stamens opposite the petals.
Petals valvate in bud; plants climbing, with tendrils.
VITACEAE.
Petals imbricate; plants erect.
Sepals and petals 4 or 5; leaves simple; fruit 1-seeded.
MYRSINACEAE.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. rad
Sepals 9; petals 6; leaves compound; fruit 3-seeded:
BERBERIDACEAE.
Ovules attached to a sutural placenta or to 2 or more parietal
placentae.
Ovules attached to the ventral suture of the ovary. Leaves
usually compound, alternate; fruit a legume.
Corolla regular or nearly so__________ CAESALPINIACEAE.
Corolla very irregular, papilionaceous__________ FABACEAE,
Ovules attached to 2 or more parietal placentae.
Calyx segments united. Leaves entire, small.
FRANKENIACEAE.
Calyx segments distinct.
Petals 43> Ovary <stipitates = CAPPARIDACEAE,
Petals 5.
eaves apinn ales 2s Sees wee SS ee Se MORINGACEAE,
iheaves--simple: 20 aa aes eee ant VIOLACEAE.
EE. Styles 2 or more, free or partially united, with separate stigmas,
or stigmas 2 or more and sessile.
Ovule 1.
Sepals and petals each 3. Leaves entire, stipulate, the stipules
SENG ays Ue oe ae ae eS POLYGONACEAE,
Sepals and petals each 4 to 6.
Stamens opposite the petals and of the same number; style
5-parted. Leaves simple___________ PLUMBAGINACEAE.
Stamens alternate with the petals, or more numerous; styles
usually 8. Leaves usually compound_ANACARDIACEAE.
Ovules 2 or more. Leaves alternate.
Plants with tendrils; ovary stipate_________ PASSIFLORACEAE.
Plants without tendrils; ovary sessile,
caves motsscalelike= = 25 se. 25s see re ai TURNERACEAE,
Wea VES SEA EHIKG = See res kt 8 ct ed TAMARICACEAE.
DD. Perfect stamens more than 10
Ovule 1.
IECAVEST OPP OS Cl aes res ec hl ee a CLUSIACEAE.
ichvesalternate: 2 22 = es Sieh see ee ts AMYGDALACEAE.
Ovules 2 or more.
Ovules basal, apical, central, or sutural.
Petals and stamens hypogynous; sepals imbricate in bud. Leaves
Simpleailltermates. git Stipe rd Hes ea tow DILLENTIACEAE.
Petals and stamens perigynous, rarely almost hypogynous but the
sepals then valvate.
heaves estipulate; entire] 225) Sess se ee ee LYTHRACEAE.
Leaves usually stipulate, dentate to pinnate.
Ovules 2; leaves simple-__._.~-.___-.________..._— ROSACEAE.
Ovules usually more than 2; leaves pinnate.
CAESALPINIACEAE.
Ovules on several parietal placentae.
Filaments wholly connate. Leaves alternate, estipulate, trans-
parent-dotted ; fruit berry-like_____________ CANELLACEAE.
Filaments free or connate only at the base.
Leaves, at least the lowest, opposite, simple. Fruit a capsule;
low shrubs.
iRiantsnot:eland-dotted 222) en ae ee CISTACEAE.
Blants.2land= otted se. ee 2 HYPERICACEAE,
126651—20
3° @
28 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
- Leaves alternate.
Style usually wanting; endosperm scant or none. Petals 4;
BVvary siapieate <2. = ee CAPPARIDACEAE.
Style evident; endosperm copious. Leaves simple.
Petals similar to the sepals, perigynous ; stamens perigynous.
FLACOURTIACEAE.
Petals unlike the sepals, hypogynous; stamens hypogynous.
Ovary 1-celled; fruit spiny; seeds glabrous, arillate;
HOWEErS! PILEISD white: 5 ee BIXACEAE.
Ovary incompletely 3 to 5-celled, smooth; seeds woolly;
flowerssyellow=-_ = COCHLOSPERMACEAE.
CC. Ovary 1, completely or almost completely several-celled, or the ovaries
several and distinct. ;
ID. Ovaries several, distinct or connate only at the base, with wholly dis-
tinct styles and stigmas.
Petals and stamens perigynous.
Leaves stipulate, alternate.
Seeds not arillate’ =o. 2 =e eee ROSACEAE.
Seeds arillate. Leaves entire_____________ CROSSOSOMATACEAE.
Leaves estipulate.
Leaves compound, not fleshy ; ovules 2___________ CONNARACEAE.
Leaves simple, fleshy ; ovules numerous__________ CRASSULACEAE.
Petals and stamens hypogynous. Leaves estipulate,
Stamens twice as many as the sepals or fewer.
Ovule 1 in each carpel. Leaves simple.
Leaves opposite or verticillate; flowers perfect or polygamous;
petals 5; carpels 5 to 10; plants not scandent.
CORIARIACEAE.
Leaves alternate; flowers dioecious; petals 6 or rarely 3; plants
Scandente x =e Nee e a a MENISPERMACEAE.
Ovules 2 or more in each carpel.
Petals 6, twice as many as the sepals. Leaves entire.
ANNONACEAE.
Petals as many as the sepals, 3 or more, usually 5.
Plants leafiess or nearly so________=___ KOEBERLINIACEAE.
Plants with well-developed leaves. Leaves compound.
Stamens and staminodia together 3 to 8: ovules descending;
leaves with translucent glands__-__-__--____ RUTACEAE.
Stamens and staminodia together 10; ovules ascending; leaves
without “glandss= 433 eee CONNARACEAE.
Stamens more than twice as many as the petals.
Perianth usually composed of 4 or more sepals and an equal or lesser
number of petals. Seeds arillate; leaves entire, alternate.
DILLENIACEAE.
Perianth composed of 3 sepals and 6 or more (rarely 3) petals.
Leaves entire.
Sepals valvate in bud; leaves estipulate________ ANNONACEAE.
Sepals imbricate in bud; leaves usually stipulate.
~MAGNOLIACEAE.
DD. Ovaries several, with connate styles or stigmas, or ovary 1.
E. Ovule 1 in each cell.
Stamens distinetly perigynous.
Stamens 10 or more. Leaves alternate, stipulate_____ ROSACEAE.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 29
Stamens 4 or 5. Leaves simple, entire or dentate.
Calyx valvate in bud; stamens opposite the petals and often ad-
LET EE EO SOUR coe Sa as To ee RHAMNACEAE.
Calyx imbricate; stamens alternate or opposite, but very rarely
aA EO Ghee Pe ses oe ee ee 7 CELASTRACEAE.
Stamens hypogynous.
Flowers unisexual.
Ovary 4 to 6-parted; leaves usually pinnate, alternate, estipulate.
SIMAROUBACEAE.
Ovary entire or slightly lobed; leaves simple or digitate.
Ovules pendulous or descending; ovary usually 3-celled.
Cells of the ovary 3: fruit usually a capsule.
EUPHORBIACEAE.
Cells of the ovary 4 or more; fruit a drupe.
AQUIFOLIACEAE.
Ovules ascending ; ovary usually 4 or 5-celled. Fruit drupaceous.
CLUSIACEAE.
Flowers perfect or polygamous.
Flowers polygamous.
Leaves opposite or verticillate, entire. Stamens numerous.
CLUSIACEAE.
Leaves alternate, usually compound.
Stamens inserted within a disk; ovules ascending or horizon-
fal oradiele: miferions <5 o9 SAPINDACEAE.
Stamens inserted outside a disk; ovules pendulous or horizon-
tal; radicle superior. Leaves pinnate.
Ovary entire or slightly lobed; styles several and distinct, or
Stizmaat and: sessile. = rece = ANACARDIACEAE,
Ovary deeply divided; styles connate__SIMAROUBACEAE.
Flowers perfect.
Stamens more than 10. Leaves stipulate, simple.
Sepals valvate or open in bud, more or less united; anthers
LEGS >) See er See ee Se ee eee MALVACEAE.
~ Sepals imbricate, free or nearly so; anthers 2-celled. Flowers
Sec yy tn ees ean ae 2 2 OCHNACEAE.
Stamens 10 or fewer,
Leaves simple and entire, toothed, or lobed.
Stamens 8: ovary 2-celled. Leaves entire; flowers racemose.
POLYGALACEAE.
Stamens 2 to 6, or 10; ovary 3 to 6-celled.
Ovary 5 or 6-celled. Leaves alternate, stipulate: petals
TAREICALC: ~V GLOW. 2a S Se ee OCHNACEAE.
Ovary 2 to 4+celled. Leaves entire: plants often scandent,
: MALPIGHIACEAE.
Leaves compound.
Filaments united. Leaves pinnate; ovary entire.
MELIACEAE.
Filaments free.
Leaves gland-dotted; filaments without scales: ovary
Sitti dey Se ee NE kT ek eine RUTACEAE.
Leaves not gland-dotted: filaments usually with a basal
scale; ovary usually divided____-™STMAROUBACEAHE.
30 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
EE. Ovules 2 or more in each cell. :
F. Stamens hypogynous; disk none, but separate glands or a gynophore
sometimes present.
Leaves opposite or verticillate, entire.
HKlowers” unisexual; regular Se eee CLUSIACEAE.
Plowers perfect; irrecular22.— See VOCHYSIACEAE.
Leaves alternate.
Leaves stipulate.
Calyx segments imbricate in bud.
Stamens more than 10. Petals 4; ovary borne on a long
gynophore; stigma sessile___________ CAPPARIDACEAE.
Stamens 10. Leaves entire_________ ERYTHROXYLACEAE.
Calyx segments valvate or open in bud.
Petals valvate in bud. Stamens 4 or 5, free; ovary sessile, 2
or rarely 3 or 4-celled; vines with tendrils__. VITACEAE,
Petals imbricate or convolute.
Ovary stipitate; petals (4) imbricate__.CAPPARIDACEAE.
Ovary sessile or nearly so; petals usually convolute in bud.
Anthers 1-celled, dehiscent by a pore or a longitudinal slit.
Filaments adnate; petals 5; seeds sometimes covered
with long hairs.
Leaves simple; flowers usually calyculate; filaments
united to the apex or nearly so___--\ALVACEAE,
Leaves digitate or simple; flowers not calyculate; fila-
ments united only at the base or in the lower half.
BOMBACACEAE.
Anthers 2-celled, dehiscent by 2 pores or longitudinal slits.
Filaments more or less united; staminodia present.
STERCULIACEAE.
Filaments free, or slightly united at the base, but stami-
nodiaethen, absent ese esa eee TILIACEAE.
Leaves estipulate.
Stamens more than twice as many as the petals.
Ovary long-stipitate; ovules numerous___CAPPARIDACEAE.
Ovary sessile; ovules 3 or few.
Style distinct; petals free or nearly so______- THEACEAE.
Style none; petals united at the apex.
MARCGRAVIACEAE.
Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals.
Leaves compound.
Filaments free; leaves gland-dotted__________ RUTACEAE.
Filaments united; leaves not gland-dotted.
Leaflets 8, entire____- ye en ta a OXALIDACEAE,
heatlets 5 ormmores = =2 eae Se ee MELIACEAE.
Leaves simple.
Ovary 1-celled. Leaves entire-___.ERYTHROXYLACEAE.
Ovary 2 to 7-celled.
Calyx lobes valvate in bud__---_--_- STERCULIACEAE.
Calyx lobes imbricate in bud.
Stamens (522s eee ee MARCGRAVIACEAE.
Stamensol0O"to14eoeeet =. ase CLETHRACEAE,.
FF. Stamens hypogynous, but inserted at the base or on the surface of
a disk, or perigynous.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 31
G. Leaves stipulate.
Stamens twice as many as the petals or more.
Styles 2 to 5.
Styles 2; stamens 8 to 12; leaves compound, usually opposite.
CUNONIACEAE.
Styles 5; stamens usually numerous; leaves simple or com-
RYO UAT CH pay UG Ter eae a SNR, ROSACEAE.
Style 1, simple or bilobulate.
Leaves compound; stamens 8 to 10____ZYGOPHYLLACEAE.
Leaves simple; stamens usually numerous.
Stamens inserted on a disk; ovules numerous; leaves oppo-
site,orlaltermate = = on Jase ae ELAEOCARPACEAE.
Stamens inserted on the calyx tube; ovules 2 in each cell;
leaves opposite, entire__________ RHIZOPHORACEAE.
Stamens as many as the petals or fewer.
Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them. Vines with
tendrils leaves'alternates:. ese ee VITACEAE.
Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or
fewer.
Leaves compound. Flowers perfect.
Ovary 2 to 4-lobate; seeds without endosperm.
SAPINDACEAE.
Ovary 38-celled; seeds with endosperm_STAPHYLEACEAE.
Leaves simple.
Style 1, simple; ovules erect or ascending; flowers usually
AL TTC Cees ess re ree | hed EO Ear et ore CELASTRACEAE.
Style 1 and divided, or styles 3; ovules pendulous or in-
verted; flowers unisexual________ EUPHORBIACEAE.
G. Leaves estipulate. ~
Leaves simple; disk present or absent.
Leaves alternate. ,.Stamens 2 to 10, twice as many as the petals
or fewer.
Stamens 5, opposite the petals, only 2 of them fertile. Ovary
2-celled, each cell with 2 ovules___________ SABIACEAE.
‘Stamens 3 to 10, alternate with the petals, or less or more
numerous. =
Leaves with translucent glands______________ RUTACEAE.
eaves. without glands =o =e. Se ees CELASTRACEAE.
Leaves opposite or whorled.
Stamens 3, less numerous than the petals. Leaves entire.
HIPPOCRATEACEAE.
Stamens as many as the petals or more numerous.
Ovules 2 in each cell.
Ovary 2-celled; leaves without translucent glands. Fruit
a double samara___________________-_ ACERACEAE.
Ovary 3 to 5-celled; leaves with translucent glands.
RUTACEAE.
Ovules more than 2 in each cell.
Styles or stigmas 5 to 10; leaves entire-__CLUSIACEAE.
Style 1, simple.
Calyx lobes imbricate or open in bud; leaves with lon-
PILUCINDL EIS — Se a ee MELASTOMATACEAE.
- Calyx lobes valvate; leaves not ribbed_LYTHRACEAE.
32 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
Leaves compound; disk always present.
Stamens inserted within the disk. Flowers usually polygamous.
Petals usually 5; plants often scandent_____ SAPINDACEAE,
Petals 4; plants erect. Leaves digitate___AESCULACEAE.
Stamens inserted outside the disk.
Fertile stamens 2; petals 5, 1 or 2 of them much reduced.
SABIACEAE.
Fertile stamens as many as the petals, rarely fewer, but the
4 or 5 petals then subequal.
Stamens as many as the petals and opposite them; flowers
dioecious, Leaves alternate ______ SIMAROUBACEAE.
Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them, or
more or less numerous; flowers usually perfect or
polygamous.
Hilamentssunited 3222 eee eee MELIACEAE.
Filaments free.
Leaves with translucent glands_________ RUTACEAE.
Leaves without glands______________ BURSERACEAE.
Series 3. GAMOPETALAE.
Ovary inferior or semi-inferior.
Stamens numerous.
Ovary 1-celled; plants succulent, usually armed with spines; leaves usually
BID SOI = 2 as he ee ee a ee Nee CACTACEAE.
Ovary several-celled ; plants not succulent, unarmed; leaves well developed.
SYMPLOCACEAE.
Stamens 10 or fewer.
Stamens twice as many as the corolla lobes. Fruit fleshy; anthers opening
by terminal pores; leaves alternate, simple________ VACCINIACEAE.
Stamens as many as the corolla lobes or fewer.
Stamens as many as the corolla lobes and opposite them. Corolla lobes
valvate in bud.
Plants parasitic; stigma entire; leaves opposite or verticillate, entire.
LORANTHACEAE.
Plants not parasitic; stigma bilobate; leaves alternate, estipulate.
OLACACEAE.
Stamens aS many as the corolla lobes and alternate with them, or less
numerous.
Ovary 1-ovulate.
Anthers coherent; flowers in an involucrate head. Fruit an achene.
ASTERACEAE.
Anthers not coherent; flowers not in. an involucrate head. Leaves
opposite.
Stipules present, free from the petiole. Leaves always entire.
‘ RUBIACEAE.
Stipules none, or if present united with the petiole.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE.
Ovary containing 2 or more ovules.
Perfect stamens fewer than the corolla lobes. Leaves simple.
GESNERIACEAE.
Perfect stamens as many as the corolla lobes.
Ovaries 2, distinct. Leaves simple, entire______ APOCYNACEAE.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 33
Ovary 1, entire.
Leaves alternate, often lobed or compound____- ARALIACEAE.
Leaves opposite or verticillate.
Beaves* estipulates= == sms ae eo CAPRIFOLIACEAE.
heaves 2stipulates entine== 2 th ees bie ee RUBIACEAE.
Ovary superior or nearly superior.
A. Perfect stamens as many as the corolla lobes and opposite them, or more
numerous.
Ovary 1-celled.
Ovule 1. Leaves simple.
Styles 38, or style 1 but with 3 stigmas; flowers dioecious. Plants
Sag BiG ee SE oe ee ee MENISPERMACEAE.
Style 1, with 5 stigmas; flowers perfect_______ PLUMBAGINACEAE.
Ovules 2 or more.
Fruit a legume; leaves compound, alternate__________ MIMOSACEAE.
Fruit a drupe or capsule; leaves simple.
Plants armed with spines____ ______+__FOUQUIERIACEAE.
Plants unarmed.
Staminodia none in the staminate fiowers; seeds small, black or
TT OW se a ee Ee MYRSIN ACEAE.
Staminodia always present; seeds large, yellow or orange.
THEOPHRASTACEAE.
Ovary perfectly, or sometimes imperfectly, 2 or more-celled.
Leaves stipulate (stipules sometimes minute or deciduous).
Mowers unisexual. Ovary 3-celled=_—______--___ EUPHORBIACEAE.
Flowers perfect. Leaves alternate.
Anthers 2-celled; staminodia present__________ STERCULIACEAE.
Anthers 1-celled; staminodia absent.
Leaves simple; flowers calyculate; filaments united almost
Ui OURO YDS OVO) bey AO ot PE We 07 ses See ae Ul ee ee MALVACEAE.
Leaves digitate or simple; flowers not calyculate; filaments united
only at the base or in the lower half________ BOMBACACEAE.
Leaves estipulate.
Flowers. unisexual, rarely polygamous. Styles several, free or par-
tially united.
Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell. Leaves entire______ DIOSPYRACEAE. |
Ovules more than 2 in each cell.
Stamens 10; ovules parietal; juice milky; leaves compound or
TOW eC eee ME ah IE a et Ae ee Cert Ee CARICACEAE.
Stamens more than 10; ovules axial; juice not milky; leaves
SHEA OY Cag EN ap ne Aes te eee ee, oy eR THEACEAE.
Flowers perfect.
Calyx segments free or united only at the base. Leaves simple.
Stamens more than twice as many as the corolla lobes, 9 or more.
THEACEAE.
Stamens as many or twice as mary as the corolla lobes, 8 or fewer.
Flowers irregular. Leaves entire__________ POLYGALACEAE.
Flowers irregular.
Stamens as many as the corolla lobes; juice milky.
SAPOTACEAE.
Stamens more numerous than the corolla lobes; juice not
baat I keiiss ata Se ay NID ae Eee eee eee ERICACEAE.
34 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Calyx segments united to the middle or higher,
Leaves with translucent glands; ovary deeply lobate, the Bote
DeOvUlate: oe ee ee a ee RUTACEAE.
Leaves without translucent glands; ovary entire or scarcely lobate.
Leaves, pinnate: 2262 es eee ya ee MELIACEAE.
Leaves simple.
Ovary 3-celled; anthers longitudinally dehiscent. Flowers
white, showy; pubescence of branched hairs.
STYRACACEAE.
Ovary with 4 or more cells; anthers dehiscent by apical pores.
ERICACEAE.
AA. Perfect stamens as many as the corolla lobes and alternate with them,
or less numerous.
B. Perfect stamens 3 or more, as many as the corolla lobes; corolla usually
regular.
©. Ovary simple and of 1 or 2 eells, or the ovaries 2 and distinct.
D. Ovules 2 to 4 in the whole ovary.
Leaves opposite or verticillate.
Style stigmatose only below the apex; corolla lobes contorted in
bud. Ovary 2-celled or the ovaries 2 and distinct; leaves
entire =sjuicemsually milkys2= == ee APOCYNACEAE.
Style stigmatose at the apex or between the lobes; Sau lobes
imbricate or valvate.
Leaves stipulate; style simple__--_----____-__ LOGANIACEAE.
Leaves estipulate; style with 1 or 2 stigmas_VERBENACEAE.
Leaves alternate. :
Corolla valvate or plicate in bud.
Ovules erect; stigmas usually 2. Fruit a capsule.
CONVOLVULACEAE.
Ovules pendent; stigma 1.
Leaves compound; fruit a legume; plants often armed with
spines): Sat Sti eh ea ae MIMOSACEAE.
Leaves simple; fruit not a legume; plants unarmed.
ICACINACEAE.
Corolla imbricate in bud.
Style stigmatose only below the apex; stigma 1. Leaves entire;
juice usually. smiley =3322< == Soe ees APOCYNACEAE.
Style stigmatose at the apex; stigmas 2. Leaves simple.
Ovatyed-celled= = HYDROPHYLLACEAE.
Ovary:2-celled) 46 oe BORAGINACEAE.
DD. Ovules more than 4 in the whole ovary.
Fruit a legume; leaves compound. Plants often armed with spines.
MIMOSACEAE.
Fruit not a legume; leaves simple.
Ovaries usually 2 and distinct; juice milky. Plants often
seandent; leaves entire.
Styles separate almost to the apex______ ASCLEPIADACEAE.
Styles separate only at the base, or completely united.
APOCYNACEAE.
Ovary 1, entire or slightly lobate; juice not milky. Leaves simple.
eaves all. opposite see = Se ee a eS LOGANIACEAE.
Leaves alternate, or only the lowest opposite.
Siyleibifidic == sto So2 ae ee HYDROPHYLLACEAE.
US eee ALA < ee) 5 ag
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 35
Style undivided.
Ovary lecel lc dicta a a ar in GESNERIACEAE.
Ovary 2-celled.
Corolla valvate or plicate in bud; fruit often bacecate;
plants often armed with spines______ SOLANACEAE.
Corolla imbricate in bud; fruit a capsule with longitudinal
dehiscence; plants unarmed.
SCROPHULARIACEAE.
CC. Ovary simple and of 3 or more cells, or the ovaries 3 or more and
distinct.
Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell.
Leaves opposite or verticillate.
Cells of the ovary 3; stigmas 3; fruit a capsule.
: POLEMONIACEAE.
Cells of the ovary 4 or 5; stigmas 1, 2, 4, or 5; fruit indehiscent
or divided into nutlets. Leaves simple.
Ovary entire. Stigmas 3, rarely 5--_________ VERBENACEAE.
Ovary 4-parted.
Stamens 4; stigmas 2 or rarely 1; corolla bilabiate.
MENTHACEAE.
Stamens 5; stigma 1; corolla regular______ BORAGINACEAE.
Leaves alternate.
Anthers basifixed, opening laterally or apically. Leaves entire.
DIOSPYRACEAE.
Anthers dorsifixed, or basifixed and opening internally.
Corolla united only at the base_____*______ AQUIFOLIACEAE.
Corolla with a conspicuous tube,
Flowers mostly in 1-sided cymes; fruit not a capsule.
BORAGINACEAE.
Flowers not in J-sided cymes; fruit a capsule.
CONVOLVULACEAE.
Ovules 3 or more in each cell.
Corolla valvate or plicate in bud;.stamens inserted on the corolla;
_ calyx more or less united; plants often armed with spines.
SOLANACEAE.
Corolla imbricate or contorted ; stamens often free from the corolla;
calyx segments often distinct or nearly so; plants unarmed.
Anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits; ovary 3-celled.
POLEMONIACEAE..
Anthers dehiscent by terminal pores; ovary with 2 or 4 or more
ERICACEAE.
BB. Perfect stamens 2 to 4, fewer than the corolla lobes, or if of the same
number the stamens and lobes each 2; corolla nearly always irregular.
Ovules 1 or 2, rarely 3 or 4, in each cell.
Ovules 1 in each cell.
Ovary entire or obscurely 4-lobate_______________ VERBEN ACEAE.
Ovary 4-parted or deeply 4-lobate_________________ MENTHACEAE,
Ovules 2 to 4 in each cell.
Ovary 4 or 5-celled; leaves with translucent glands___-_RUTACEAE.
Ovary 2-celled; leaves without translucent glands.
Stamens 2, regularly alternate with the cells of the ovary. Flowers
resulan:leaves-opposite 22 S22 225 2s we OLEACEAE.
Stamens 4, or if 2 not alternate with the cells of the ovary.
Ovules 2 and collateral; fruit indehiscent or septicidal.
VERBENACEAE
36 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Ovules 4, or 2 and superimposed; fruit loculicidal.
Seeds with endosperm, sessile or nearly so; stigma 1.
SCROPHULARIACEAE.
Seeds without endosperm, on conspicuous thick funicles; stig-
TN ASC US UA Tyne Dee ee ee ee ACANTHACEAE,
Ovules more than 4 in each cell.
Ovary 1-celled; placentae central.
Seeds large; stamens 4; leaves compound. Plants often scandent.
BIGNONIACEAE.
Seeds small; fertile stamens 2; leaves simple____GESNERIACEAE.
Ovary 2-celled; placentae axillary.
ILeaves| Compound <2 St. So ee es Vee ee BIGNONIACEAE.
Leaves simple.
Corolla induplicate-valvate or plicate-imbricate___SOLANACEAE.
Corolla plicate (but not imbricate) in bud.
Seeds inserted on large thick funicles________ ACANTHACEAE.
Seeds sessile or nearly so _--_________ SCROPHULARIACEAE.
ANNOTATED CATALOGUE.
1. GLEICHENIACEAE. Vine-fern Family.
(Contributed by Mr. William R. Maxon.)
REFERENCES: Sturm, Gleicheniaceae, in Mart. Fl. Bras, 17: 217-238. pl. 17.
1859; Underwood, A preliminary review of the North American Gleicheniaceae,
Bull. Torrey Club 34: 248-262. f. 1, 2. 1907; Maxon, Gleicheniaceae, N. Amer.
Fl. 16: 53-68. 1909.
Xerophilous ferns, mostly with branched creeping rhizomes; fronds usually
ascending or reclining, numerous, somewhat vinelike, of indefinite growth,
entangled, often forming dense impenetrable low thickets; primary axis naked;
primary branches 1 to many pairs, opposite, determinate or (in most species)
once to several times dichotomous, the included bud dormant or producing
secondary and tertiary axes like the primary one; ultimate branches (pinnae)
usually in pairs, bipinnate, pinnate, or deeply pinnatifid, the segments mostly
elongate in our species (minute and rounded in the Old World Gleichenia) ;
veins free, forked; sorsi dorsal or (in Gleichenia) terminal upon the veinlets,
nonindusiate; sporangia sessile, short, 2 to many, opening by a vertical fissure.
1. DICRANOPTERIS Bernh. Neues Journ. Bot.
Schrad. 17: 38. 1806.
Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres.
In tropical America many of the species grow rankly in the greatest profusion,
often occupying wide areas of open or thinly shaded mountain slopes to the
exclusion of other vegetation. A mass of the wiry interlacing fronds, with a
blanket thrown over it, makes an excellent bed for the collector.
Primary branches bipinnate, the rachis not forked__-------___ 1. D. bancroftii.
Primary branches once or several times forked.
Internodes of primary branches normally naked; veins 2 to 5-forked; sori
multisporangiate; rhizomes with spreading articulate hairs.
Accessory pinnae (a pair) borne at all but the ultimate nodes.
2. D. flexuosa.
ACGESSOLy pinnae wanting 22" =o ee ee _3. D. pectinata.
Internodes of primary branches at least partially pectinate; veins once
forked; sori 3 to 5-sporangiate; rhizomes with ciliate scales.
‘
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. ot
Segments closely tomentose beneath, rarely glabrate with age__4. D. bifida.
Segments not tomentose beneath.
Pinnae 2.5 to 3.2 cm. broad; segments narrowly oblong; veins 12 to 15
pairs, fibrillose with rusty scales; leaf tissues glabrous.
5. D. underwoodiana.
Piannae 3 to 5.5 em. broad; segments linear; veins 20 to 28 pairs, these
and the leaf tissues sparsely pilose with whitish stellate hairs.
6. D. palmata.
1. Dicranopteris bancroftii (Hook.) Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 252. 1907.
Gleichenia bancrofti Hook. Sp. Fil. 1: 5. 1844.
Mertensia bancroftii Kunze, Linnaea 18: 307. 1844.
Gleichenia brunei Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 13. 1905.
Dicranopteris brunei Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 253. 1907.
Mountains of Veracruz and Chiapas, southward to the Andes of South
America; also in the Lesser Antilles and Jamaica (the type locality), mainly
at 1,000 to 1,800 meters elevation.
Primary pinnae 1 to 3 pairs, oblong, 1 to 1.5 meters long, 30 to 50 em. broad,
bipinnate; pinnules very numerous; segments narrowly linear, 1.5 to 2.2 em.
long, herbaceous, glabrous or nearly so, glaucous beneath; sori 3 to 5-sporan-
giate.
2. Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 254. 1907.
Mertensia fleruosa Schrad. Gott. Anz. Ges. Wiss. 1824: 863. 1824.
Mertensia rigida Kunze, Linnaea 9: 16. 1834.
Gleichenia fleruosa Mett. Ann. Lugd. Bat. 1: 50. 1868.
Gleichenia rigida Bomm. & Christ, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 35*: 174. 1896. Not
G. rigida J. Smith, 1841.
Mountains of Veracruz, at about 1,300 meters altitude. Guatemala to Brazil;
widely distributed in the West Indies, mainly at low elevations; near Mobile,
Alabama; type from Brazil.
Leaf axis 2 to°4 mm. in diameter; primary branches several pairs, repeatedly
dichotomous, never developing a secondary axis, the internodes unequal, naked ;
pinnae glabrous; segments glaucous beneath, linear, retuse, narrowly connected
at the dilatate base, revolute.
8. Dicranopteris pectinata (Willd.) Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 260. 1907.
Mertensia pectinata Willd, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. II. 25: 168. 1804.
Gleichenia nitida Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 70. 1825.
Mertensia elata Desy. Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 201. 1827.
Mertensia nitida Presl, Tent. Pter. 51. 1836.
Mountains of Veracruz. General throughout tropical America, the type from
near Caracas, Venezuela. ,
Leaf axis 3 to 6 mm. in diameter; primary branches several pairs, stipulate,
repeatedly and unequally dichotomous, a false flexuous secondary axis formed
by the alternate production of the unequal secondary branches, the included
bud of each dichotomy always abortive; segments oblong to linear-oblong,
pruinose beneath, glabrous, or the costa and veins sparsely rusty-paleaceous.
A variable species.
4. Dicranopteris bifida (Willd.) Maxon, N. Amer. Fl. 16: 60. 1909.
Mertensia bifida Willd. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. II. 25: 168. 1804.
Gleichenia bifida Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4: 27. 1827.
Mertensia fulva Desv. Mém. Soe. Linn, Paris 6: 201. 1827.
Dicranopteris fulva Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 255. 1907.
Mountains of Veracruz. Common and generally distributed throughout the
‘
38 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
West Indies and Central America, southward into South America; type from
Caracas, Venezuela.
Leaf axis stout, light greenish brown; primary branches 2 or several pairs,
these once or twice dichotomous (rarely developing a secondary axis), the
internodes at least partially naked; segments mostly linear, dilatate (the
sinuses obtuse), entire, revolute.
5. Dicranopteris underwoodiana Maxon, N. Amer, Fl. 16: 59, 1909.
Temperate region of Chiapas, the type locality. Also in the high mountains
of Quiché, Guatemala.
Leaf axis reddish brown, 2 to 3 mm, in diameter; primary branches usually
2 pairs, twice dichotomous (not developing a secondary axis), the primary
internode nearly naked, the secondary ones fully pectinate; pinnae linear, 18
to 30 em. long, the rachises closely invested with short rusty scales.
6. Dicranopteris palmata (Schaffn.) Underw. Bull. Torrey Club 34: 259. 1907.
Mertensia palmata Schaffn.; Fée, Mém. Foug. 9: 40 (32). 1857, name only.
Gleichenia palmata Moore, Ind. Fil. 380. 1862, name only.
Mountains of Veracruz, the type from Orizaba. Also in Guatemala (Alta
Verapaz), eastern Cuba, and the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, at altitudes of
900 to 1,650 meters.
Leaf axis olivaceous, opaque; primary branches 2 or 8 pairs, divergent,
usually 2 to 4 times dichotomous (rarely: developing a secondary axis), the
first and second internodes usually naked; pinnae 20 to 25 cm. long.
2. CYATHEACEAE. Tree-fern Family.
(Contributed by Mr. William R. Maxon.)
REFERENCES: Cyatheaceae, Diels in Engl. & Prantl. Pflanzenfam. 1*: 113-
189. 1899; Maxon, The tree ferns of North America, Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst.
1911: 4638-491. pl. 1-15. 1912.
Mainly treelike plants of moist tropical regions, the rhizome stout and
woody, decumbent, oblique, or usually erect, and 1 to 15 meters high or more,
naked, with smoothish, usually tesselate leaf scars, or rough and partially
sheathed by the imperfectly deciduous stipe bases of the fronds of previous
years; fronds borne in a terminal scaly crown, several or many, ascending to
recurved, the blades 1 to 4-pinnate, up to 4 meters long, usually broad; sori
indusiate or nonindusiate, nearly globose, borne dorsally upon the veins on the
under surface of the blade or at the margin, the receptacle elongate, of various
form and vestiture; sporangia numerous, crowed radially in several ranks,
opening horizontally, the annulus oblique, with or without a stomium of thin-
walled ceHs; spores triplanate. ”
The Cyatheaceae, or tree-fern family—the latter name given because, in
contradistinction to all other families of ferns, the species are nearly all
arborescent in habit of growth—are practically confined to tropical and sub-
tropical regions and attain their best development, both as to luxuriant growth
and as to number of species and individuals, in mountainous regions which
have a nearly uniform, moist climate. Except in a very few cases they ap-
parently can not endure extremes of either drought or cold. Thus in Mexico,
as in Central America, they are practically confined to the Atlantic slopes and
to the higher mountain regions that are constantly swept by the moisture-
laden trade winds from the Gulf of Mexico. This territory embraces Vera-
eruz and Tabasco and most of Oaxaca and Chiapas. From the arid interior
plateau regions they are altogether lacking. Comparatively little material hav-
ing been collected in extreme southeastern Mexico in recent years, our knowl-
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 39
edge, both of the species actually occurring there and of their geographic
distribution, is very incomplete. Tree ferns are, as a rule, of restricted
range, yet many of the Mexican species are known from Alta Verapaz, Guate-
mala, and of the remainder most, at least, may be expected to occur there.
With a very few exceptions, the Mexican species are exclusively continental,
and only a few extend as far south as Panama.
Aside from the attention attracted by their beauty and stately habit of
growth, tree ferns are decidedly interesting because of their marked diversity
in structural characters and, unfortunately, their difficult classification. Lo-
cally, at least, they serve varied economic uses also, the most important being
the use of the trunks as building timbers. These are composed largely of a
branched network of hard fibrovascular elements, resistant to decay and the
attacks of termites alike, permitting the use of the trunks over and over again
in the supporting framework of native houses. Occasionally they are made to
serve as telegraph poles. Small pieces of the fibrovascular elements are em-
ployed in inlay work. In Costa Rica the succulent unrolling young fronds or
“erosiers’’ of a Cyathea called ‘rabo de mico” are eaten as a salad. The
scales of a related species (probably Cyathea mexicana), known in Veracruz
as “ocopetate” or ‘‘cola de mono,” are applied topically as a hemostatic. A
like use of the matted capillary’ scales or “pulu” of Hawaiian species of
Cibotiwm is, of course, well known. Several species of Hemitelia and Alsophila
are known as.“ tatahueso ”’ in Oaxaca, according to Reko.
Sori borne upon the back of the veins, commonly near the costule or at least
not marginal; indusium (if present) not formed in part of the modified
leaf margin.
Sori distinctly indusiate, the indusium attached at the base of the receptacle.
Indusia either (1) cup-shaped or saucer-shaped, never wholly inclosing the
sporangia, persistent, or (2) globose, at first wholly containing the
sporangia, rupturing at maturity, the divisions persistent to fugacious.
1. CYATHEA.
Indusia inferior, more or less semicircular in outline, often lobed and scale-
like or sometimes cleft or lacerate, never inclosing all the sporangia.
2. HEMITELIA.
Sori usually nonindusiate, a very minute basal scale present in a few species.
3. ALSOPHILA.
Sori terminal upon the veins at or near the margin; indusium bilobate or
bivalvate, the outer portion a more or less modified, concave lobule of the
leaf margin. ]
Outer lip of the indusium formed of slightly modified leaf tissue, unlike the
TM DEOWMISO Inner ONC=. = 25 2s ee Sas ee 4. DICKSONTA.
Outer lip of the indusium formed of highly differentiated cartilaginous
tissue. similar -to.thesinners ones. 252s == Ss Ss 5. CIBOTIUM.
1. CYATHEA J. E. Smith, Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino 5: 416. 1793.
Caudex erect in most species, arboreous, bearing numerous adventitious
roots in the basal part, in mature individuals usually smoothish above, with
close-set to distant scars; fronds borne in a terminal crown, oblique, spreading,
or rarely drooping, the stout stipes strongly aculeate to muricate, tuberculate,
or nearly smooth, paleaceous toward the base; blades 2 or 3-pinnate, usually
1 to 3 meters long, lanceolate to oblong or ovate, the rachises variously
pubescent, furfuraceous, or minutely paleaceous, glabrescent with age; pinnules
Subentire to pinnate, sessile to long-petiolate, deciduous or not; veins free,
usually branched; sori dorsal, apart from the margin; indusium either (1)
: inferior and saucer-shaped, never wholly inclosing the sporangia, persistent,
40 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
with even margins, or (2) globose, at first wholly inclosing the sporangia.
bursting irregularly at maturity, the divisions persistent or often disappearing.
Indusia saucer-shaped, never inclosing the sporangia, with low even margins.
1. C. arborea.
Indusia at first globose and inclosing the sporangia, at length rupturing, the
divisions persistent to fugacious.
Pinnules (secondary pinnae) distinctly petiolate, the lower ones with stalks
4 to 9 mm. long; leaf tissue coriaceous______________ 2. C. tuerckheimii
Pinnules mostly sessile or nearly so, membranous or herbaceous.
Rachises of the pinnae densely clothed with spreading or retrorse, linear,
spinulose scales, sharply muricate from their persistent bases; pinnules
cut to: the costa nearly throuchout==22—s =e 3. C. princeps.
Rachises of the pinnae bearing a few deciduous scales, smooth or nearly so;
pinnae very deeply pinnatifid, but the segments distinctly though nar-
rowly joined.
Costae of the pinnules glabrous beneath ; leaf tissue bright green beneath ;
sori large, apart from the costule_________________ 4. C. jurgensenii.
Costae pilose or minutely squamulose beneath; leaf tissue much paler
beneath than above; sori small, borne near or against the costule.
Pinnae long-petiolate (4 cm. or more); pinnules about 20 pairs; seg-
ments obtuse; veins 6 to 8 pairs, glabrous____________ 5. C. trejoi.
Pinnae subsessile or short-petiolate; pinnules 30 to 40 pairs; segments
acute or acuminate; veins 8 to 12 pairs, usually minutely glandu:
Lan PUube Scents s sextet see ee oe ee 6. C. mexicana
1. Cyathea arborea (L.) J. E. Smith, Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino 5: 417. 1798.
Polypodium arboreum lL. Sp. Pl. 1092. 1758.
Disphenia arborea Presl, Tent. Pter. 56. 1836.
Hemitelia arborea Fée, Mém. Foug. 5: 350. 1852.
Lowlands of eastern Mexico; rare. Generally distributed and common in
the West Indies, the type from Martinique; variously reported from Central
America and northern South America, probably in error.
Caudex erect, 4 to 12 meters high, usually with close-set, oval to broadly
subhexagonal scars in 8 to 10 ranks, the apex clothed with large, lance-
attenuate, dirty white scales; fronds 2.5 to 4 meters long; stipes stout, pale,
low-tuberculate; blades 2 to 3 meters long, ovate, tripinnate, the rachises pale,
glabrate; pinnae oblong, 40 to 80 cm. long, petiolate, or the shorter basal ones
ovate and long-petiolate; pinnules numerous, mostly sessile, spreading, oblong-
lanceolate, long-attenuate; segments linear-oblong, dilatate, sharply serrate,
often revolute, the costule invariably with 1 or 2 white bullate scales at the
base beneath; veins 1 to 3-forked.
This is one of the few species of Cyatheaceae which grow naturally in open
sunny situations. It occurs often in colonies.
2. Cyathea tuerckheimii Maxon, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 13: 4. 1909.
Region of Orizaba, Veracruz, at an altitude of about 1,300 meters. Also
near Cobain, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala (the type locality), at 1,350 to 2,000
meters elevation.
Caudex erect, 3 te 4 meters high; fronds ample, at least 1380 em. broad,
bipinnate-pinnatifid, the stout primary rachis @eciduously furfuraceous,
minutely spiny; pinnae oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 65 cm. long, the
rachis strongly muricate; pinnules 28 to 80 pairs, contiguous, short-petiolate,
oblong-lanceolate, attenuate, up to 13 cm. long, pinnately cut nearly to the
minutely and deciduously scaly costa; segments about 22 pairs, 10 to 12 mm.
long, oblong, faleate, subacute, coriaceous, the crenate-serrate margins revo-
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 41
lute; sori large, 6 to 9 pairs, seated at the fork of the once-branched veins, the
irregular divisions of the membranous indusium subpersistent.
8. Cyathea princeps (Linden) E. Mayer, Gartenflora 17: 10. 1868.
Cibotium princeps Linden; I. Mayer, Gartenflora 17: 10. 1868, as synonym.
Cyathea bourgaei Fourn. Mex. Pl. Crypt. 185. 1872.
Cyathea munchii Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 7: 413. 1907.
Veracruz and Chiapas, the type from the Voleano Tuxetla, Veracruz. Also
in the mountains of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala; ascribed also to Costa Rica, but
probably erroneously.
Caudex erect, stout, said to reach a height of nearly 20 meters; fronds at
least 4 meters long; stipes 1 to 1.5 meters long, together with the yellowish
primary and secondary rachises densely clothed with narrow, yellowish, spinu-
lose, spreading or retrorse scales; blades broadly ovate, 2 to 2.5 meters long,
tripinnate; pinnae oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 1 meter long and 35 cm.
broad, long-stalked ; pinnules very numerous, approximate, linear-oblong, up to
18 em. long, narrowly long-acuminate, the costa minutely and deciduously
scaly beneath; segments 25 to 32 pairs, linear-oblong, dilatate, faleate, suben-
tire, acutish, pruinose beneath, the costa with a few minute, simple or cleft
scales; sori large, 6 to 9 pairs, the coriaceous indusium splitting into 2 to 4 per-
sistent saccate lobes.
4, Cyathea jurgensenii Fourn. Mex. PI. Crypt. 135. 1872.
Mountains of Oaxaca and Veracruz, the type from Oaxaca; rare.
Caudex presumably erect and several meters high; fronds ample, the blades
bipinnate-pinnatifid, 1 meter broad or more, the primary rachis pale, minutely
spinose; pinnae oblong, abruptly acuminate, mostly petiolate, up to 65 cm. long,
the rachis smooth or nearly so, glabrate beneath; pinnules about 25 pairs,
articulate, petiolate, deltoid-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 10 to 12 cm. long, very
deeply pinnatifid, the costa nearly or quite glabrous beneath; segments 18 to
20 pairs, close, oblong, faleate, acute, obscurely crenate-serrate, bright green
and nearly or quite glabrous on both surfaces; sori 4 to 8 pairs, apart from
the costule, only the flat lobate basal portion of the pale yellowish membranous
indusium persistent.
5. Cyathea trejoi Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. IJ. 5: 733. 1905.
Known only from San Pablo, Chiapas, altitude 1,500 meters, the type locality.
Caudex erect, long and slender, very spiny; fronds rather small, the primary
rachis stout, smooth, stramineous or reddish, shining; pinnae articulate, easily
deciduous, narrowly ovate, acuminate, 30 em. long or more, long-petiolate ;
pinnules about 20 pairs, approximate, readily separable, lanceolate, 5 to 6 cm.
long, cut nearly to the scantily pilose costa; segments about 15 pairs, oblong,
subfaleate, obtuse, slightly dilatate, crowded, light green beneath, lightly
crenate; sori 2 or 3 pairs, very small, basal, close to the costule, the delicate
indusium grayish.
6. Cyathea mexicana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 616. 1830.
Cyathea heragona Fée & Schaffn,; Fée, Mém. Foug. 8: 111. 1857.
Cyathea articulata Fée, Mém, Foug. 8: 111. 1857.
Cyathea glauca Fourn. Mex. Pl. Crypt. 185. 1872. Not C. glauca Bory, 1804.
Alsophila mucronata Christ, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 35: 178. 1896.
Cyathea arida Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 6: 180. 1906.
Veracruz to Chiapas, the type from Jalapa. Also in Guatemala (Alta
Verapaz), Costa Rica, and western Panama, at 120 to 1,300 meters.
Caudex 3 to 10 meters high, unarmed; fronds 2 to 3 meters long, the stipe
clothed at the base with brown acicular scales about 1 em, long and armed
4
with a few sharp conical shining black spines; blade 1.5 to 2.5 meters long,
42 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
oblong, bipinnate-pinnatifid; primary rachis stout, usually castaneous, decidu-
ously puberulo-furfuraceous ; pinnae oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, up to 85 cm.
long, short-petiolate, deciduous; pinnules articulate, readily separable, 30 to
40 pairs, often distant, oblong-lanceolate, up to 10 em. long (usually smaller),
sessile or short-stalked, the costa beneath bearing a few antrorse hairs and
deciduously squamulose toward the base; segments narrowly oblong, oblique,
subfaleate, obscurely serrulate, connected by a wing 1 to 1.5 mm. broad on
each side of the costa; sori 4 to 7 pairs, close to the costule, the divisions of
the pale membranous indusium mostly fugacious.
A variable species.
2. HEMITELIA R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Noy. Holl. 158. 1810.
REFERENCES: Maxon, The North American species of Hemitelia, subgenus
Cnemidaria, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 25-49. pl. 18-26. 1912; Maxon, The
North American species of Hemitelia, section Euhemitelia, Contr, U. S. Nat.
Herb. 17: 414420. pl. 17-22. 1914.
Similar in general to Cyathea, but having the indusium inferior, more or
less hemispherical, and varying from lobed to lacerate; or, in the American
subgenus Cnemidaria, the plants mostly with short ascending trunks, coarse,
succulent, pinnate or rarely bipinnate fronds, free-veined or not, the indusium
hemispheric, concave, often lobed.
Blades fully bipinnate, the pinnules sessile and very deeply pinnatifid ; indusium
deeply lacerate, the divisions with long filamentous apices.
. 1. H. costaricensis.
Blades pinnate, the pinnae lightly crenate to pinnatifid; indusia entire or
merely lobed.
Veins all free; pinnae pinnatifid at least two-thirds the distance to the costa,
the segments oblong, acuminate, aristate_______________ 2. H. apiculata.
Veins (basal) united by a transverse veinlet, a single row of costal areoles
thus formed ; lobes or crenations low or short, not acuminate.
Pinnae lightly crenate-serrate, decurrent__________-_-____ 3. H. decurrens.
Pinnae deeply crenate to crenately lobed, not decurrent.
Larger crenations 5 to 7 mm. broad, acute distally; pinnae 2.5 to 3 ecm.
PTO SUG: 2s ee 0 a hp a ie Se 4. H. mexicana.
Larger crenations 9 to 12 mm. broad, rounded; pinnae 3.5 to 4.2 mm.
PU SUN: fs eh A a Se tt ae ere 5. H. lucida.
1. Hemitelia costaricensis (Klotzsch) Mett.; Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 159. 1869.
Cyathea costaricensis Klotzsch; Kuhn, Linnaea 36: 159. 1869, as synonym.
Mountains of Veracruz and Chiapas. Also in western Guatemala and in
Costa Rica (the type locality), ascending to 1,000 meters.
Caudex erect, 1 to 2 meters high, or more; pinnae narrowly oblong, acuminate,
mostly 50 to 70 cm. long; pinnules 23 to 27 pairs, mostly sessile, linear-oblong,
long-acuminate or attenuate; segments 20 to 23 pairs, narrowly oblong, subfal-
eate, acute, connected by a narrow costal wing.
2. Hemitelia apiculata Hook. in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 29. 1868.
Mountains of Oaxaca, the type locality.
Blades 35 to 50 cm. broad; pinnae narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 18 to 30 cm.
long, 2.5 to 4.5 em. broad below the narrowly long-acuminate apex, pinnatifid
at least two-thirds the distance to the costa, the sinuses linear and very
acute.
8. Hemitelia decurrens Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 1: 285. 1849.
Hemistegia decurrens Fourn. Mex. Pl. Crypt. 185. 1872.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 43
Mountain forests near Lobani, District of Chinantla, Oaxaca, at 900 to 1,050
meters ; known only from the type collection.
Caudex about 30 cm. high; blades ovate-lanceolate, about 75 ecm. long;
pinnae narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 15 em. long, 2.5 to 3 em. broad, the
upper ones adnate and confluent, those below semiadnate, constricted, narrowly
long-decurrent.
4. Hemitelia mexicana Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 1: 287. 1849.
Hemistegia mexicana Fourn. Mex. Pl. Crypt. 135. 1872.
Oaxaca, in mountain forests near Cacola, District of Chinantla, at 750 to 900
mineters altitude; known only from the original collection.
Caudex about 30 em. high; blades broadly lanceolate, 1.5 to 1.8 meters long;
pinnae linear, about 30 cm. long; main veins 50 pairs, spreading, 4 to 7 mm.
apart. ;
5. Hemitelia lucida (Fée) Maxon, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 39. 1912.
Hemistegia lucida Fée, Gen. Fil. 351. 1852.
District of Chinantla, Oaxaca, at 2,000 meters altitude; known only from
the type collection.
- Blades ovate-oblong, 2 meters long or less; pinnae numerous, linear-lanceolate,
up to 45 em. long; main crenations or lobes 28 to 34 pairs.
3. ALSOPHILA R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 158. 1810.
Similar to Cyathea, but having the indusia wholly lacking or, in a few species,
represented by a very minute, concealed, vestigial, basal scale; receptacles often
copiously long-paraphysate.
Two subgenera, Lophosoria and Amphidesmiwm, are unique in their silky
eapillary scales, which are similar to those of Cibotium and Dicksonia. They
differ notably from typical Alsophila in other morphological characters also
and possibly should be regarded as distinct genera. Amphitdesmium is not
known to occur in Mexico, though it occupies a wide range southward. Lopho-
soria is represented by the variable and widely distributed A. quadripinnata,
the first-mentioned species below.
Blades waxy-pruinose beneath, the rachises, costae, and veins lanate with lax,
tortuous, pale rusty, septate hairs; sori with low hemispheric receptacles ;
caudex and stipe bases densely clothed with silky capillary scales 1 cell
Rye emer aia SNe ha Ai le a oe We Se 1. A. quadripinnata.
Blades not waxy-pruinose beneath, the rachises and costae paleaceous or fur-
furaceous, with or without spreading hairs; sori with capitate or spheric
receptacles; caudex and stipe bases bearing flat scales many cells broad.
Primary and secondary rachises blackish; blades fully tripinnate, the seg-
APTN SS fete (les teeti ar Sen teere ete eee IR SP a ie Sr 2. A. salvinii,
Primary and secondary rachises stramineous to yellowish or light brown;
blades simply bipinnate or bipinnate-pinnatifid. -
Biades bipinnate only, the pinnules sinuate to crenate___3. A. marginalis.
Blades bipinnate-pinnatifid, the segments connected by a narrow wing.
Segments rounded-obtuse, shallowly and broadly crenate.
4. A. schiedeana.
Segments acute or acutish, sharply incised to pinnatifid.
Costae of pinnules thinly squammulose, nearly devoid of long spreading
septate hairs beneath; primary rachis with pungent, spreading or
retrorse, scattered spines throughout, the secondary rachises simi-
Is rahiA a eT e6 eects, cal wr EER en FS aes Sec ew Mae 5. A. microdonta.
126651—20——4.
44 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Costae with numerous spreading hairs beneath, these extending to the
costules and often to the veins; primary rachis unarmed, or plainly
aculeate only toward the base, the secondary rachises merely
muricate.
Pinnae and pinnules petiolate; costae and costules devoid of bullate
Séalesi2... Se RE ee eee 6. A. myosuroides.
Pinnae and pinnules sessile; costules bearing small, subpersistent,
white or yellowish, bullate scales beneath.
Segments pinnatifid; primary and secondary rachises with occa-
sional large flat persistent white scales_______ 7. A. mexicana.
Segments deeply incised to deeply crenate-serrate; rachises devoid
of large whitish scales.
Bullate scales deciduous, few, confined to the base of the cos-
tules; segments sparsely hirsute above along the costules
and Veins. = ss 22) es oe eee 8. A. scabriuscula.
Bullate scales persistent, numerous; segments glabrous above.
9. A. bicrenata.
1. Alsophila quadripinnata (Gmel.) C, Chr. Ind, Fil. 47. 1905.
Polypodium quadripinnatum Gmel. Syst. Nat. 27: 1814. 1791.
‘Polypodium pruinatum Swartz, Journ. Bot. Schrad. 18007: 29. 1801.
Alsophila pruinata Kaulf.; Kunze, Linnaea 9: 99. 1834.
Lophosoria pruinata Presl, Abh. BGhm, Ges. V. 5: 845. 1848.
Trichosorus glaucescens Liebm. Dansk, Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 1: 2838. 1849.
Trichosorus densus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V, 1: 284. 1849.
Trichosorus frigidus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 1: 284. 1849.
?Alsophila sehaffneriana Fée, Mém. Foug., 8: 109. 1857.
Mountains of Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, ascending to 3,000
meters. Central America to Chile and Argentina; Greater Antilles, the type
from Jamaica.
Rhizomes stout, up to 3 meters high (usually less than 1 meter), often mul-
ticipital, densely lanate with lax, tortuous, pale rusty, capillary scales; fronds
2 to 4.5 meters long, long-stalked, the blades subtriangular, tripinnate-pinnatifid.
2. Alsophila salvinii Hook, in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 36. 1866.
Alsophila munchii Christ, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II, 5: 784. 1905.
Region of San Pablo, Chiapas, at 2,200 meters altitude. Also in the moun-
tains of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, at 1,400 to 1,600 meters elevation, the type
from Chilasco.
Trunk 1 to 1.5 meters high; blades very ample, at least 1.5 meters broad, the
primary and secondary rachises blackish, polished, woody, nearly or quite
smooth; pinnae 60 to 80 em. long, 20 to 30 em. broad; pinnules 22 to 25 pairs,
close, spreading ; segments 1 to 2 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. broad, obtusely pinnatifid
or crenately lobed; costae and costules deciduously paleaceous beneath, the
scales minute, many of them substellate, with blackish spinous processes.
- 3. Alsophila marginalis Klotzsch, Linnaea 18: 542. 1844.
Hemitelia marginalis Jenman, Ferns Brit. W. Ind. Guian. 48. 1898.
Sierra San Nolasco, Oaxaca. Also in British Guiana, the type locality. Very
rare.
Stipe sparsely short-aculeate, paleaceous above; blades 1.5 to 1.8 meters long,
deciduously paleaceous; pinnae alternate, elongate-oblong, 20 to 38 ecm. long,
gibbose-articulate; pinnules sessile or short-petiolate, spreading, hastate-
lanceolate, or ligulate from a cordate base, 2 to 8 em, long, 8 to 15 mm, broad,
sinuate to deeply crenate; sori in a continuous line 1 to 1.5 mm. from the
margin,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 45
4. Alsophila schiedeana Presl; Kunze, Linnaea 18: 149. 1839.
Mountains of Veracruz and Chiapas, the type from Veracruz. Also in
eastern Guatemala, apparently common, at 275 to 1,000 meters altitude.
Arborescent; stipe dull brown, angulate, freely armed with stout straight
spines up to 5 mm. long; blades ample, the rachis pale brown, aculeolate;
pinnae spreading, linear-oblong to oblong, acuminate, up to 70 cm. long and
25 em. broad, the secondary rachis deciduously squamulose-puberulous beneath ;
pinnules linear-oblong, acute or acuminate, spreading, with minute hairs and
brown bullate scales beneath, the latter extending to the costules; veins simple
or once forked, glabrous; sori nearly medial. ‘‘ Malque” (Chiapas).
5. Alsophila microdonta Desv. Mém. Soc, Linn. Paris 6: 319. 1827.
Polypodium microdonton Desv. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. 5: 319. 1811.
Polypodium aculeatum Raddi, Opusc. Sci. Bologna 3: 288. 1819. Not P.
aculeatum W, 1758. ?
Alsophila armata Mart. Icon. Pl. Crypt. 72. pl. 28, 48. 1834. Not A. armata
Presl, 1836.
Veracruz and Tabasco. Guatemala to Brazil, mainly at low elevations
near the coast; known in the West Indies only from the Isle of Pines; type
doubtfully South American.
Caudex 1 to 5 meters high; fronds arcuate-spreading, 2 to 2.5 meters long,
the long brown stipes freely armed with very short, narrowly conical spines up
to 1 em. long, similar but smaller ones occurring sparsely on the primary and
secondary rachises throughout; pinnae narrowly oblong, abruptly acuminate,
30 to 60 cm, long, 10 to 25 cm, broad; pinnules spreading, linear-oblong, attenu-
ate; segments linear, falcate, obliquely incised except at the dilatate_base,
membranous, the costule bearing a few long septate hairs beneath and, with
the veins, also thinly and laxly puberulous with minute tortuous hairs; sori
numerous, nearly medial, often confluent.
6. Alsophila myosuroides Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 1: 286. 1849.
Veracruz to Chiapas, at low elevations, the type from the region of Chi-
nantla. British Honduras, eastern Guatemala, and Honduras, at 180 meters
altitude or less; abundant in the province of Pinar del Rio, Cuba, and the Isle
of Pines, herbarium material having been widely distributed under the manu-
script name Alsophila wrightii Underw.
Caudex 8 to 5 meters high; fronds ample, the stout brown stipes thickly
aculeolate and clothed with copious stiff, acicular, bright brown scales at the
base, muricate above; pinnae petiolate, narrowly oblong, long-acuminate, 40
to 65 cm. long, 15 to 22 cm. broad; pinnules stalked, linear-attenuate or oblong-
linear and abruptly long-caudate, the costae sparsely hirsute beneath; segments
linear, falcate, acutish, serrate, herbaceous, dull green; costules sparsely
hirsute beneath; sori very numerous, usually confluent.
7%. Alsophila mexicana Mart. Icon. Pl. Crypt. 70. pl. 45. 1834.
Alsophila godmani Hook. in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 36. 1866.
Mountains of Oaxaca and Chiapas, the type from San Pablo de Teoxomulco,
Oaxaca. Also in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, at 900 to 1,550 meters altitude.
Caudex arborescent, presumably several meters high; blades ample; primary
rachis stout, apparently unarmed, subpersistently furfuraceous, bearing scat-
tered large whitish scales, and hirsute with long inflated tawny septate hairs,
their bases persistent, the rachis thus invariably scabrous in age; pinnae nar-
rowly oblong, acuminate, 50 to 60 cm. long, 16 to 22 cm. broad, the rachis similar’
to the primary one; pinnules close or subimbricate, sessile, linear-oblong, rather
abruptly long-acuminate; segments herbaceous, pinnatifid, sparsely hirsute
along the costules and veins on both surfaces.
46 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Alsophila scabriuscula Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 125. 1919.
Region of Cordoba, Veracruz. Also in Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, the type
from Cubilquitz, altitude 350 meters.
Oaudex arborescent, presumably stout and several meters high; fronds very
ample, the stout stipe bearing numerous slender conical spines about 4 mm.
long; blades ample, the primary rachis sparsely aculeate toward the base, hir-
sute, scabrous from the persistent bases of the pale spreading septate hairs;
pinnae narrowly oblong, acuminate, 50 to 75 em. long, 18 to 30 cm. broad,
the secondary rachis hirsute, scabrous with age; pinnules approximate, spread-
ing, sessile, oblong-linear, long-acuminate; segments herbaceous, deeply incised,
the lobes usually bidentate; costules and veins sparsely hirsute beneath and
with a thin covering of minute, closely appressed, septate hairs.
9. Alsophila bicrenata (Liebm.) Fourn. Mex. Pl. Crypt. 134. 1872.
Cyathea bicrenata Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 1: 289. 1849.
Mountains of Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas, at 1,200 to 2,100
meters elevation, the type from Puebla.
Caudex 5 to 10 meters high, up to 15 em. thick; stipe short, yellowish brown,
short-aculeate ; blades 2 to 4 meters long, elongate-lanceolate, the primary rachis
sparingly hirsute with gland-tipped, laxly unciform, septate hairs, scabrous
from their persistent inflated bases; pinnae oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 45 to
60 cm. long, 14 to 20 em. broad; pinnules 25 to 380 pairs, linear, attenuate, 10 to
15 mm. broad, sessile; segments narrowly oblong, subfaleate, herbaceous,
deeply crenate-serrate, the teeth bidentate.
- 4. DICKSONIA 1L’Her. Sert. Angl. 30. 1788.
REFERENCE: Maxon, The North American tree ferns of the genus Dicksonia,
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 153-156. 1913.
Caudex erect, 1 to 10 meters high or more, stout, often with a thick growth
of adventitious roots toward the base, greatly thickened above by the long-
persistent stipe bases of old fronds; fronds numerous, rigidly ascending in a
terminal crown, the short stout stipes and the summit of the caudex with a
copious covering of bright brown to ferruginous silky capillary scales, these
straight or matted, several cm. long, one cell broad; lamina ovate to
oblanceolate, 2 to 3-pinnate; pinnae mostly equilateral, the pinnules elongate;
segments coriaceous or rigidly herbaceous, dimorphous or (in our species)
uniform; veins simple or several times forked; sori terminal; indusium bival-
vate, the outer lip consisting of a deeply concave, rounded, greenish, scarcely
modified lobule of the leaf margin, the inner lip dark or yellowish brown,
deeply concave, usually coriaceous and equaling the outer lip.
1. Dicksonia ghiesbreghtii Maxon, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 17: 155. 1913.
Temperate mountain region of Chiapas, the type collected by Ghiesbreght.
Caudex 4 to 5 meters high; blades essentially tripinnate; primary pinnae
linear-oblong, acuminate, 60 to 70 cm. long, about 20 cm. broad, the rachis
slightly rough from the abrasion of the articulate, turgid, dirty yellow, capillary
seales; pinnules numerous, contiguous, alternate, sessile, linear-oblong, long-
acuminate, the costa with a few capillary scales beneath; segments 20 pairs
or more, linear-oblong, straight or subfaleate, 10 to 15 mm. long, the sterile ones
serrate to obliquely incised, the fertile ones pinnatifid two-thirds the distance
‘to the elevated costule; veins 7 or 8 pairs, those of the fertile segments usually
once forked; sori mostly 4 or 5 pairs, 1 mm, broad.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 47
5. CIBOTIUM Kaulf. Berlin, Jahrb. Pharm. 21: 53. 1820.
REFERENCE: Maxon, The American species of Cibotium, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 16: 54-58. pl. 30-82. 1912. ;
Caudex stout, 1 to 8 meters high, sometimes from its covering of adventitious
roots and old stipe bases attaining a diameter of nearly one meter; fronds
erect-arching, the stout stipes and upper caudex clothed with capillary scales
as in Dicksonia; blades ample, of an ovate-deltoid type, bipinnate to tripinnate-
pinnatifid, the rachises smooth or nearly so, glabrescent; pinnae mostly inequi-
lateral, the distal pinnules much longer than the proximal ones; pinnules simi-
larly inequilateral, deltoid-oblong to linear, asymmetrical; under surfaces
pruinose to ceraceo-papillate, glabrous, hairy, or rarely subfurfuraceous; veins
oblique, the fertile ones usually simple; sori terminal, essentially marginal;
indusium deeply bivalvate, the outer lip consisting of a highly differentiated
saccate portion of the leaf margin, the inner of an orbicular to linguiform carti-
laginous operculum affixed at its base, somewhat reflexed at maturity.
Larger pinnae 40 to 50 cm. long; sori mostly distant, usually extending out-
ward in the plane of the segment, the inner lip of the indusium as large as
the outer one; leaf tissue chartaceous-membranous_________ 1. C. schiedei.
Larger pinnae 60 to 80 em. long; sori contiguous, erect, or the narrower and
slightly longer inner lip strongly reflexed at maturity and overlying the
costule; leaf tissue rigidly herbaceous_______________________ 2. C. regale.
1. Cibotium schiedei Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 616, 1830.
Dicksonia schiedei Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. 50. 1868.
Humid mountain forests of Oaxaca and Veracruz, at 600 to 1,200 meters
altitude, the type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
- Caudex 1 meter high or less or (according to Galeotti) attaining a height of
4.5 meters; fronds 1.2 to 1.8 meters long, the blade at least SO cm. broad,
pinnae ascending, deltoid-oblong to deltoid-lanceolate, abruptly acuminate;
pinnules 28 to 380 pairs, pinnatifid nearly to the costa, the larger distal ones
11 to 16 cm. long; segments 25 to 30 pairs, conspicuously pruinose and ceraceo-
papillate beneath.
2. Cibotium regale-Versch. & Lem. Ill. Hort. 15: under pl. 548. 1868.
Dicksonia regalis Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 2. 461. 1874.
Mountains of Chiapas, whence it was introduced into cultivation by Ghies-
breght.
Caudex erect, up to 10 meters high, 40 to 50 cm. in diameter, fronds 10 to 12,
widely recurved-spreading, up to 4 meters long; blades about 3 meters long,
up to 1.5 meters broad; pinnae mostly spreading, deltoid-lanceolate acuminate ;
pinnules about 35 pairs, pinnatifid nearly to the costa; segments 30 to 35 pairs.
conspicuously ceraceo-pruinose beneath.
3. CYCADACEAE. Cycad Family.
’ REFERENCE: A. De Candolle in DC. Prodr. 167: 522-547. 1864.
Palmlike plants, the leaves pinnate, basal or clustered at the end of a trunk;
flowers dioecious, in large thick cones; seeds nutlike.
Many of the species are important as food plants because of their edible
fruits or of:the starch obtained from the stems. They are often grown for
ornament.
Cone scales imbricate in alternate series. Trunk covered by the persistent
ESET NS) ta eS Pe a a OS eee eh Sn re de 1. DIOON.
48 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Cone scales in vertical series.
Cone scales with 2 transverse appendages at the apex; caudex covered with
Mersistent petioles. 222 = 5 ee ee 2. CERATOZAMTIA.
Cone: scales naked caudex. naked. _ 22 52 ee ee 3. ZAMIA.
1. DIOON Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1843: Misc. 59. 1848.
Pern we Wen aT eC = ee ee 1. D. edule.
Pinnae spinulose-denticulate.
Pinnae with numerous teeth on both margins; trunk 2 to 15 meters high.
2. D. spinulosum.
Pinnae entire on the lower margin, with few teeth on the upper margin; trunk
SHOGU Ss an ha Es Se ee oe 3. D. purpusii.
1. Dioon edule Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1843: Mise. 59. 1843. ji
Zamia maeleni Miquel, Linnaea 18: 97. 1844.
Platyzamia rigida Zuce. Abh. Wiss. Akad, Miinchen 4: 23, 1845.
Dioon imbricatum Miquel, Wiss. Tijdschr. 1: 36. 1848.
Dioon angustifolium Miquel, Wiss. Tijdschr. 1: 37. 1848.
Dioon aculeatum Lem. Til. Hort. Lem, 2: Mise, 91. 1855.
Dioon edule latipinna Dyer in Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 191. 1883.
Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; described from
cultivated plants. ;
Plants with a trunk 1 to 2 meters high; leaves 1 to 1.5 meters long, woolly
when young, ‘with about 200 pinnae, these linear-lanceolate, sharp-pointed ;
-Staminate cones cylindric, 20 to 30 cm, long; pistillate cones ovoid, 20 to 30 em.
long. “‘Chamal” (Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi); “sotol” (Ta-
maulipas) ; “ palma de la virgen” (Sinaloa; in market) ; “palma de macetas ”
(Durango; cultivated).
The large chestnut-like seeds contain much starch, and are roasted or boiled
and eaten. They are a favorite food of bears, peccaries, and domestic swine.
A decoction of the seeds is said to be used for neuralgia. The staminate
inflorescences are claimed to be poisonous to cattle, causing emaciation and
partial paralysis. The plant is often seen in cultivation.
2. Dioon spinulosum Dyer; Eichl. Gart. Zeit. 1883: 411. 1883.
Reported from Veracruz and Yucatan.
Said to attain a height of 15 meters, although often much lower; leaves
numerous, spreading, 1 to 2 meters long, with very numerous pinnae.
3. Dioon purpusii* Rose, Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 260. 1909.
In shaded canyons, Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca.
Trunk short; leaves numerous, a meter long or larger, stiff, ascending;
pinnae 5 to 9 cm. long; staminate cones 15 to 20 cm. long; fertile cones about
45 em. long and 20 cm. thick. ‘“ Chamal” (Oaxaca).
A plant with similar leaves, probably of the same species, has been collected
in Tepic. Another similar plant, with glaucous leaves, is in cultivation in
Sonora.
*Named for C. A. Purpus, who has made extensive collections in Mexico in
recent years, especially in Baja California, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Puebla,
and Chiapas. His collections have included many plants previously unknown,
most of which have been described by Brandegee. Sets of his collections are
in the U. S. National Herbarium.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 49
2. CERATOZAMIA Bronen. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 5: 7. 1846.
The plants of this genus are very imperfectly known and are rarely collected.
Some of them are seen occasionally in cultivation.
Petioles unarmed; pinnae about 1.8 em. wide_____-------___-_ 1. C. kusteriana.
Petioles aculeate; pinnae 1.8 to 7.5 cm. wide.
Pinnae few (about 5 pairs), semiobovate_____-_-___--_____ 2. C. miqueliana.
Pinnae numerous (15 to 20 pairs), narrowly lanceolate.
Pmnae 10 to 12:5 em: long, 1:8 to 3.5 em: widest 222222 3. C. latifolia.
Pinnae 30 to 32 cm. long, about 2:5 em. wide_____--__— 4. C. mexicana.
1. Ceratozamia kusteriana Regel, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 1857: 187. 1857.
Introduced into cultivation from Mexico, the locality not stated.
Trunk short; leaves about 1.5 meters long, tomentose at first, with about
40 pinnae; staminate cones about 8 cm. long, short-pedunculate.
2. Ceratozamia miqueliana Wendl. Ind. Palm. 68. 1854.
Mexico, the locality not stated.
Leaves about a meter long, glaucous when young; pinnae 20 to 22.5 em. long,
about 7 cm. wide.
8. Ceratozamia latifolia Miquel, Wiss. Tijdschr. 1: 206. 1848.
Described from Mirador, Veracruz.
4. Ceratozamia mexicana Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 5: 7. 1846.
?Zamia galeottii Vriese, Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. 1845: 23. 1845.
~ Ceratozamia longifolia Miquel, Wiss. Pijdschr. 1: 40. 1848.
Ceratozamia intermedia Miquel, Wiss, Tijdschr. 1: 40. 1848.
Ceratozamia robusta Miquel, Wiss. Tijdschr. 1: 42. 1848.
Veracruz.
Trunk short, ovoid; leaves about a meter long; ystaminate cones about 10
em. long and 4 em. thick. ‘‘ Palma” (Ramirez).
3. ZAMIA: LL. Sp. Pl. 165. 1753.
Several other species besides those listed here have been reported from
Mexico, but their status is altogether doubtful. The species of the genus are
known very imperfectly. The Indians of Florida used the starch extracted
from the stems of the species of that region as a food known as coontie.
Pinnae oblanceolate or obovate-oblong_____-_________________ 1. Z. furfuracea.
- Pinnae linear to lanceolate.
INeRVeSLOm the pinnae tewa Gt tomlQ) 222 een ee 2 Zaspartear
Nerves of the pinnae numerous (18 to 30 or more).
Pinnae few (about 16), usually entire__________.____-_- 3. Z. cycadifolia.
Pinnae numerous (28 to 50 or more), more or less serrulate.
Pinnae obtuse or truncate at the apex______--___________ 4, Z. leiboldii.
Pinnae acute or attenuate.
Eainnde,abouted:s cme wide 28) a os ee ae 5. Z. lawsoniana.
PNAC woe LOpeqcme: WiGGr = 2 a Sash ae eer 6. Z. loddigesii.
1. Zamia furfuracea L. f.; Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 477, 1789.
- Veracruz; introduced into cultivation in England as early as 1691.
Trunk 30 to 60 em. long or obsolete; pinnae 20 to 26; pistillate cones 5 to 10
em. long, yellow.
2. Zamia spartea A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 539. 1864.
Type from Acayucan, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Leaves about 30 em. long, the petioles aculeolate; pinnae about 40, 25 to 30
em. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide.
50 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Reported (A. DC., loc. cit.) to be used as a remedy for snake bites.
3. Zamia cycadifolia Dyer in Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 195, 1883.
Described from Mexico, probably from Veracruz.
Leaves bright green; pinnae linear, 12.5 to 20 em. long, 6 to 12 mm. wide.
4. Zamia leiboldii Miquel, Linnaea 19: 427. 1845.
Described from Colipa, Veracruz.
Trunk very short; petioles 20 to 30 cm. long, the pinnae 28 to 44, 15 to 28
cm. long, 10 to 12 mm. wide; pistillate cone 5.5 em. long.
5. Zamia lawsoniana Dyer in Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 195. 1883.
Oaxaca.
Pinnae 50 or more, 22 cm. long or shorter, 8 mm. wide; staminate cone 6.5
em. long, 2.5 em. thick.
6. Zamia loddigesii Miquel, Tijdsch. Nat. Gesch. 10: 73. 1848.
Zamia mexicana Miquel, Prodr. Cycad. 18. 1861.
Southern Mexico, the locality not indicated. Guatemala.
Pinnae about 19 cm, long.
4. TAXACEAE. Yew Family.
1. TAXUS L. Sp. Pl. 1040. 1753.
1. Taxus globosa Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 496. 1838.
Forests of Veracruz, Hidalgo, Mexico, and Oaxaca; type from Real del
Monte, Hidalgo.
Tree, 6 meters high or probably larger; leaves linear, cuspidate, 2 to 3,5 cm.
long ; seed nutlike, seated in a fleshy red cup-shaped disk.
The other North American species of yew have hard strong elastic close-
grained reddish wood, with a specific gravity of about 0.64. The leaves
and seeds of the various species contain a poisonous alkaloid, taxine; the bark
is rich in tannin.
5. PINACEAE. Pine Family.
Trees or shrubs; leaves usually evergreen, alternate, opposite, verticillate, or
fasciculate; flowers monoecious or dioceious; fruit a dry or somewhat fieshy
cone, composed of few or numerous scales.
Leaves fasciculate (rarely solitary), with a sheath at the base______ 1. PINUS.
Leaves solitary, without a sheath.
Leaves linear, 1 cm. long or larger. -
Cones globose, with few thick scales; leaves deciduous__4. TAXODIUM.
Cones elongate, with numerous thin scales; leaves persistent.
Cones pendulous, the scales persistent_____________ 2. PSEUDOTSUGA.
@ones erect, the scales deciduous22—- = eee 3. ABIES.
Leaves scalelike, mostly 3 mm. long or shorter.
Mnmtibaceate; indehiscenta. =)> 2" eee ee 5. JUNIPERUS.
Fruit a dry cone, dehiscent.
Leaves opposite; cone scales peltate__.___.._.__________ 6. CUPRESSUS.
Leaves in whorls of 4; cone scales oblong, not peltate.
7. LIBOCEDRUS.
1. PINUS L. Sp. Pl. 1000. 1753.
REFERENCE: G. R. Shaw, The pines of Mexico, pp. 1-29. pl. 1-22. 1909.
The pines are perhaps the most important genus of North American trees.
They are certainly the most important group of lumber trees, the wood, varying
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXIGO. ois
in quality in different species, being used for almost every purpose for which
wood is commonly employed. In the mountains of Mexico large quantities of
pine lumber are sawed and much is exported.
The resinous juice is of great economic importance, being the source of
turpentine, resin, tar, and other products. When the juice, which is obtained
by tapping the trees, is distilled, oil or spirits of turpentine is produced. This
has many well-known uses in the arts and in medicine. The residue left from
the distillation is the resin of commerce. By crude distillation of the wood,
pine tar is obtained, with a residue of charcoal. Tar subjected to distillation
yields oil of tar and a thick residue known as naval pitch.
Pine wood is used extensively in Mexico for fuel. Bundles of splinters of
pitch pine to be used in starting fires are seen commonly in the markets. Some
of the North American Indians in times of famine have used the sapwood and
inner bark for food, and they have also employed strips of the inner bark for
making baskets. Some tribes still use resin to waterproof baskets and jars
of wickerwork.
Pine leaves are sometimes mixed in adobe bricks in place of straw. The
leaves are very tough, and the longer ones occasionally serve as a substitute
for twine. The branches are employed in some localities for thatching. A
volatile oil obtained from the leaves is used in medicine, and pine tar also is
employed medicinally. The cones are used in place of combs by some of the
Indian tribes.
The pines are often planted for ornamental purposes, and some of the
Mexican species have been cultivated in Europe, although few of them thrive
there. Pinus halepensis Mill. and P. pinea L., European species, are said to be
cultivated in Mexican parks.
In Mexico pines are most generally known under the names “ pino”’ (Spanish)
and ‘“ ocote,” the latter a corruption of the Nahuatl “ ocotl.” Besides the ver-
nacular names listed under the various species, the following names are applied
to Mexican pines, although it is uncertain to which species they belong: “ Pino
barbén” (Durango); “ pino triste” (Durango) ; “ pino de azfiicar” (Durango;
“perhaps P. ayacahuite”’) ; “ pino prieto”’ (Durango, Sinaloa) ; “ guiri-biche”
(Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko).
In 1857 there was published in the City of Mexico a “ Catalogue de Graines
de Coniféres Méxicains ” by B. Roezl & Cia. In this 82 new species of Mexican
pines were described, nearly all from the Valley of Mexico. The most compe-
tent students of the genus have concluded that all these new names are prop-
erly referable to earlier published species. It does not seem necessary to list
the numerous names in synonymy here, but those who wish to refer to them
will find them tabulated in Shaw’s monograph referred to above.
Leaves 1 or 2 in a fascicle.
1 ESET ETS jo SPH Er lat II POPS SRE aN RNs BEL SE cy 8 ee ee 1. P. monophylia.
Leaves 2 in a fascicle.
Leaf sheaths deciduous; leaves 2 to 4 em, long______--_-_____- 2. P. edulis.
Leaf sheaths persistent ; leaves 3 to 8 em. long____--_____- 26. P. contorta.
Leaves 3 or more in a fascicle.
Leaves 4 to 5 em. long or shorter.
OED UCL YS CaO) (SSE ee a ee pee se 3. P. cembroides.
MenAV es sinuastaS@l CG] Css sis AS) Fate 2S ek aa Ee 4. P. quadrifolia.
Leaves 6 em. long or longer.
Leaves £5 to 40 cm. long.
Sheaths of the leaves deciduous.
Leaves in fascicles of 5; cones 20 to 45 cm. long____7. P. ayacahuite.
Leaves in fascicles 3; cones 5 to 7 cm. long___-___-_- 13. P. lumholtzii.
52 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Sheaths of the leaves persistent.
Cones usually deciduous, dull or sublustrous,
Cones 4 to 5 em. long.
eaves bright Sreeme are eee ee ee ee 14. P. teocote.
leaves elancous as fo ee ee Se ee 15. P. lawsoni.
Cones mostly 8 to 30 em. long.
Leaves in fascicles of 3 or 4; cones 6 to 12 em. long.
Sheathsidectdhwouse=-2 =) 3a Sea 12. P. chihuahuana.
Sheaths persistent.
Cones deciduous, dull.
Cones*7 en longor shorter] = ae 14. P. teocote.
ConesiG tome emi long 22 ae. eee le 18. P. hartwegii.
Cones persistent, sublustrous.
Leaves 8 to 18 em. long; cones 4 to 8 em. long; resin ducts
uniting hypoderm and endoderm of the leaves.
23. P. oocarpa.
Leaves 7 to 10 cm. long; cones 6 to 12 em. long; resin ducts
NCO as tet er eRe. Cae ie ea 24. P. greggii.
Leaves in fascicles of 5.
Cones 4 to 12 em. long. :
Sheathssdecidiouss= 5222 suas eee eee 11. P. leiophylla.
Sheaths persistent.
Leaves 18 to 28 ecm. long. Cones persistent, lustrous.
23. P. oocarpa.
Leaves 7 to 18 em. long. 2
Cones) deciduous) dul eee 18. P. hartwegii.
Cones persistent, lustrous______________ 20. P. arizonica.
~—Cones 10 to 45 em. long.
heavesi0) toy20 sem: slong seas abe eee 7. P. ayacahuite.
Leaves less than 10 cm. long.
Leaves entire. Seed wings rudimentary_____ 8. P. flexilis.
Leaves serrulate.
Prickles of the cone scales weak and deciduous.
Bark of young trees smooth______ 16. P. pseudostrobus.
Bark of young trees rough______ 17. P. montezumae.
Prickles of the cone scales stout and persistent.
19. P. ponderosa.
Cones persistent, very lustrous.
Resin ducts of the leaves uniting the hypoderm and endoderm.
23. P. oocarpa.
Resin ducts of the leaves internal or medial.
Resin ducts of the leaves internal.
Cone scales without upcurved spines__________ 21. P. pringlei.
Cone scales with strongly upcurved spines______ 22. P. coulteri.
Resin duets: medials= =O" hs Se eae eee eee oe 25. P. patula.
Leaves up to 15 cm. long, usually shorter.
Seeds not winged. Leaves in fascicles of 3.
Sheaths of the leaves deciduous; leaves entire________ 5. P. pinceana.
Sheaths persistent; leaves serrulate___________________ 6. P. nelsoni.
Seeds winged.
Seed wing well developed; cones 25 to 45 em. long.
z 9. P. lambertiana.
Seed wing rudimentary; cones 10 to 25 em. long______ 10. P. refiexa.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. Si)
1. Pinus monophylla Torr. in Frém. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 319. pl. 4. 1845.
Pinus cembroides monophylla Voss, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 16: 95. 1907.
Mountains of Northern Baja California. Southern California (type locality)
to Utah.
Tree, usually 7 meters high or less, but sometimes attaining a height of 15
meters and a trunk diameter of 30 cm.; trunk short, often branched near the
base, the bark deeply and irregularly fissured, dark reddish brown; leaves
about 4 cm. long, pale green; cones 4 to 6.5 cm. long, light reddish brown,
shining, the scales few, thick; seeds about 1.5 cm. long; wood soft, brittle,
weak, close-grained, yellow to light brown, its specific gravity about 0.56.
“Pindn” (California, Arizona).
The wood is used for fuel and for charcoal for smelters. The seeds are
edible, either raw or roasted, and they are sometimes ground into meal.
2. Pinus edulis Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem, North. Mex. 88. 1848.
Pinus cembroides edulis Voss, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 16: 95. 1907.
Dry mountain sides, Baja California, at an altitude of about 1,800 meters;
perhaps also in northern Chihuahua. Western Texas to Arizona and Wyoming;
type from New Mexico.
Sometimes reaching a height of 12 meters and a trunk diameter of 75 cm.,
but usually smaller; trunk short, often divided to the base, the bark brown,
irregular fissured; leaves 1.8 to 4 cm. long, green; cones about 4 em, long, the
few scales very thick; seeds brown, about 1.2 cm, long; wood soft, weak, brittle,
close-grained, pale brown, the specific gravity about 0.64. ‘“ Pifén” (New
Mexico, Arizona, etc.).
In the United States the wood is used for fencing, fuel, and charcoal, and is
sometimes sawed into boards, although it is only rarely suitable for lumber.
Pinyon seeds are an important article of food in New Mexico and Arizona,
-largely taking the place filled by peanuts in other parts of the United States.
They were a staple food, also, of the Indians, In New Mexico they are some-
times gathered in such large quantities as to be used for horse feed. The nuts
are sometimes exported to other regions, and have been used in making confec-
tionery.
3. Pinus cembroides Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Muenchen 1: 392. 1832,
Pinus llaveana Schiede, Linnaea 12: 488. 1838.
Pinus osteosperma Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 89. 1848.
Low mountains, Chihuahua to Baja California, southward to Hidalgo.
Southern Arizona and New Mexico.
Bushy tree, usually about 6 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 30 cm.,
but sometimes much larger; bark reddish brown, irregularly fissured; leaves
2.5 to 5 em. long, dark green; cones 3 to 5 cm. in diameter, reddish brown; seeds
8 to 10 mm. long; wood soft, close-grained, yellow, its specific gravity about
0.65. Known generally as ‘ pindn” or “pino pion,” the seeds as ‘ pifiones.”’
The seeds are eaten in all regions where the nut pine grows, and are highly
esteemed. They are very palatable raw, but are improved by roasting, after
which they possess a flavor unexcelled, perhaps, by that of any kind of nut.
The seeds are placed in the mouth and the thin shells are cracked with the
teeth and ejected without being touched by the fingers, an operation in which
one may become very .proficient by a little practice. The nuts are often
added to candies.
4. Pinus quadrifolia Parry; Parl. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 402. 1868.
Pinus parryana Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 34: 332. 1862. Not P. parryana
Gord. 1858.
54 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Mountains of Baja California, at low elevations. Southern California; type
from mountains east of San Diego.
Tree, sometimes 12 meters high, with a trunk 45 cm. in diameter, the lower
branches often touching the ground; bark dark reddish brown, shallowly
fissured; leaves 3.5 to 4.5 em. long, pale green; cones 4 to 6 cm. long, brown
and shining; seeds about 1.5 cm. long; wood soft, close-grained, yellow or pale
brown, its specific gravity about 0.57. ‘“ Pifén” (California).
The seeds are eaten like those of the other nut pines.
5. Pinus pinceana Gord.; Gord. & Glend. Pinet. 204, 1858.
Pinus latisquama Engelm. Gard. Chron II. 18: 712. 1882.
Coahuila to Hidalgo; type said to have come from Cuernavaca, but if so it
was probably taken from a cultivated tree.
Low tree with short trunk, the branchlets long, slender, pendent; leaves 12 to
16 cm. long, grayish green; cones 6 to 9 cm. long, pendent, early deciduous.
In the original description the tree is said to reach a height of 18 meters,
but it is usually much lower.
6. Pinus nelsoni* Shaw, Gard. Chron. III. 36: 122. f. 49. 1904.
Nuevo Leon, on lower slopes of the mountains; type from Miquihuana.
Low tree, 8 to 10 meters high, with long slender branches, these clothing the
trunk to the ground; leaves 6 to 9 cm. long, grayish green.
Shaw reports that the nuts are eaten greedily by macaws, and are sometimes
found in the markets for human food.
7. Pinus ayacahuite K. Ehrenb. Linnaea 12: 492. 1838.
Pinus strobiformis Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 102. 1848.
Pinus veitchii Roezl, Cat. Conif. Mex. 32. 1857.
Pinus bonapartea Roezl, Gard. Chron. 1858: 358. 1858.
Pinus loudoniana Gord.; Gord. & Glend. Pinet. 230. 1858.
Chihuahua to Mexico, Guerrero, and Chiapas; type from Omitl4n, Hidalgo.
Guatemala {
Large tree; leaves 10 to 20 cm. long; cones 20 to 45 cm. long, pendent, pale
yellowish or reddish brown, usually dull; seeds with a large wing, or this rarely
almost obsolete. ‘“Acanita’’ (Coahuila) ; “ acalocahuite’’ (Veracruz, Ramirez) ;
“ayacahuite” (Valley of Mexico, Oaxaca, ete.); “ocote blanco” (Oax-
aca); “ayacahuite colorado” (Hidalgo, Mexico, Ramirez); “ sacalacahuite ”
(various localities, Ramirez) ; “pino real” (Oaxaca, Reko); “ pino acahuite”’’
or “pino cahuite” (Durango, Patoni).
8. Pinus flexilis James in Long, Exped. 2: 34. 1823.
Mountains of Coahuila. Northward along the Rocky Mountains to Alberta;
type from the Rocky Mountains.
Tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with a trunk 1.5 meters thick, the crown
conic or in age rounded; bark dark brown or nearly black, deeply fissured into
broad ridges and scaly plates; leaves about 5 em. long (rarely 9 cm.) ; cones
7.5 to 25 em. long, light brown, with thin scales; seeds 8 to 12 mm. long,
winged; wood soft, close-grained, pale yellow or reddish. its specific gravity
about 0.43.
The wood of the limber pine is used to some extent in the United States for
construction purposes. The seeds are edible.
1Named for E. W. Nelson (1855—), Chief of the Bureau of Biological Sur-
vey, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Mr. Nelson has traveled very exten-
sively in Mexico, while engaged in investigations of the biological features of
the country. He has obtained a very large series of botanical specimens,
which are in the U. S. National Herbarium.
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 55
9. Pinus lambertiana Doug]. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot, 15: 500. 1827.
San Pedro Martir Mountains of Baja California, at elevations of 2,250 meters
or more. Northward to Oregon; type from the Umpqua River.
The largest of North American pines (probably of all pines), in the northern
part of its range sometimes attaining a height of 70 meters and a trunk diameter
of 4 meters, trees of still larger dimensions having been reported; bark brown or
red-brown, fissured into long plates, on young trees smooth; cones pendulous;
seeds broadly winged; wood light brown, soft, its specific gravity about 0.37.
In the United States (where the tree is known as sugar pine) the wood is
used for shingles, barrels, general construction, ete.
10. Pinus reflexa Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 7: 4. 1882.
Pinus flexilis reflera Engelm.; Rothr, in Wheeler, Rep. U. S. Surv. 100th
Merid. 6: 258. 1878.
Mountains of northern Chihuahua. Arizona (type from Santa Rita Moun-
tains) and New Mexico.
Tree, sometimes 30 meters high and with a trunk diameter of 60 cm., the
branches slender and somewhat drooping ; bark brown or reddish brown, deeply
fissured; leaves light green; wood hard, strong, reddish white, its specific
gravity about 0.49.
11. Pinus leiophylla Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 354. 1831.
Zacatecas to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Michoacan.
Tree, 15 to 27 meters high; bark thin, at first, red, soon becoming very coarse
and rough; leaves 10 to 14 cm. long, grayish green; cones maturing the third
year, 7 cm. long or shorter, persistent. The names ‘ ocote blanco” and ‘‘ ocote
chino” are said to be applied to this species.
12. Pinus chihuahuana Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 103. 1848.
Chihuahua to Zacatecas and Tepic; type from mountains of Chihuahua.
Southern Arizona and New Mexico.
Tree, sometimes 20 meters high, with a trunk 90 cm. in diameter; bark
thick, dark reddish or nearly black, deeply fissured into broad flat ridges;
leaves 6 to 10 cm. long, pale green; cones 4 to 6 em. long, ripening the third
year, brown and shining; wood soft and brittle but durable, close-grained,
orange, its specific gravity about 0.54.
13. Pinus lumholtzii' Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer, Acad. 30: 122. 1894.
In the mountains, Chihuahua to Zacatecas and Tepic; type from Coloradas,
Chihuahua.
Tree with broad rounded crown and slender, somewhat pendent branches;
bark at first thin, separating into deciduous scales, in age coarse and thick;
leaves 20 to 30 cm. long, bright green, pendent; cones pendent, dull pale brown,
* Pino triste.”
A decoction of the leaves is employed by the Indians for stomach troubles.
The wood is used for musical instruments, and for other purposes.
14. Pinus teocote Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 76. 1830.
Pinus teocote macrocarpa Shaw, Pines Mex. 17. 1909.
Nuevo Leon to Tepic and Chiapas; type from Mount Orizaba,
Tree, 20 to 35 meters high; bark at first thin, red, deciduous, in age thick
and rough; leaves 10 to 20 em. long; cones spreading or reflexed, brown or
*Named for Carl Lumholtz (1851-), a native of Norway, who has con-
ducted extensive investigations of the ethnological features of Mexico, especially
in the northern ranges of the Sierra Madre. Upon some of his expeditions
botanical collections were obtained.
“a
56 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
sublustrous. The following names are said to be applied to the tree in various
localities: “ Jalocote,” “ xalécotl”’ (Nahuatl), “ ocote,” “ ocotl,” “ pino real.”
The tree produces turpentine (‘ ocotzol,” “trementina de pino,” ‘ trementina
de ocote”) which is used in medicine as a balsamic stimulant, and for other
purposes for which turpentine is generally employed. The tar (‘brea a
remaining after the distillation of turpentine is used for making torches, in
soap, ete. :
15. Pinus lawsoni Roezl; Gord. & Glend. Pinet. App. 64. 1862.
Pinus altamirani Shaw; Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 1: 209. 1905.
Michoacin and Morelos to Oaxaca, growing at subtropical levels.
Tree, 20 to 25 meters high, the branchlets with a white bloom; leaves 24 em,
long or shorter, glaucous; cones usually 5 to 6 em. long, reflexed, deciduous,
dull yellowish brown. ‘“ Ocote” (Oaxaca).
16. Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25: Misc. 63. 1839.
Pinus apulcensis Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25: Mise. 63. 1839.
Pinus tenuifolia Benth, Pl. Hartw. 92. 1842.
Pinus orizabae Gord. Journ. Hort. Soe. Lond. 1: 237. 1846.
Durango and Sinaloa to Veracruz and Chiapas, chiefly at subtropical levels;
type from Orizaba. Guatemala and Nicaragua.
Large tree, the trunk sometimes nearly 2 meters in diameter; bark smooth
at first, becoming very rough in old age, the branches slender, verticillate ;
leaves 15 to 30 cm. long, pendent; cones 7 to 14 em. long, early deciduous.
“Pino real” (Durango, Patoni).
17. Pinus montezumae Lambert, Descr. Pinus ed. 3, 1: 39. 1839.
Pinus devoniana Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25: Misc. 62. 1839.
Pinus russelliana Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25: Misc. 63. 18389.
Pinus macrophylla Lindl, Bot. Reg. 25: Mise. 63, 1839.
Pinus filifolia Lindl. Bot. Reg. 26: Misc. 61. 1840.
Pinus grenvilleae Gord. Journ. Hort. Soe. Lond. 2: 77. 1847.
Pinus gordoniana Hartw. Journ. Hort, Soe. Lond. 2: 79. 1847.
Pinus wincesteriana Gord. Journ. Hort. Soe. Lond. 2: 158. 1847.
Pinus lindleyana Gord.; Gord. &Glend. Pinet. 229. 1858.
In the mountains, Durango and Zacatecas to Chiapas. Guatemala.
Tree, 15 to 20 or even 30 meters high; leaves 10 to 45 em. long; cones sub-
eylindric, 6 to 25 cm. long, deciduous, brown or nearly black, dull. Reko
states that the following names are applied in Oaxaca: ‘‘ Ocote blanco,” “ pino
de Montezuma,” ‘‘yutnusatnu” (Mixtec). The following names are said to
be applied in various regions: ‘ Ocote,”’ “ ocotl,”’ ‘“ pino real,” ‘“ pino blanco,”
“ocote hembro,” ‘“ ocote macho.”
18. Pinus hartwegii’ Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25: Mise. 62. 1839.
Pinus rudis Endl. Syn. Conif. 151. 1847.
Pinus ehrenbergii Endl. Syn. Conif, 151, 1847.
*Karl Theodor Hartweg (1812-1871) was born at Karlsruhe, Germany. In
1886 he was sent by the Horticultural Society of London to Mexico to colleet
living plants and seeds for introduction into England. He reached Veracruz
in December, 1836, and made collections about Santa Fé and Zacuapan. Later
he visited Guanajuato, Aguascalientes, Jalisco, Hidalgo, and San Luis Potosi,
In 1838 he spent two months at Morelia, and in 1889 he botanized in Oaxaca,
Later he visited California, Guatemala, and the Andes of South America,
His collections, which included many new species, were described by Bentham
in a work entitled ‘Plantae Hartwegianae” (1839-42).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 57
Durango to Nuevo Le6én and Chiapas, growing on the mountains up to timber
line; type from mountains of Campanario, at 2,700 meters.
Tree, 13 to 45 meters high; leaves 7 to 15 cm. long, glaucous; young cones
blue or sooty black, the mature ones 6 to 12 cm. long, brown or nearly black,
dull or lustrous. ‘‘ Ocote”’ (Chiapas).
19. Pinus ponderosa Dougl.; P. Laws. Agr. Man. 354. 1836.
Pinus macrophylla Engelm, in Wisliz, Mem. North. Mex. 103. 1848.
Pinus jeffreyi Murray, Bot. Exped. Oreg. 2. pl. 1. 1853.
Pinus engelmanni Carr. Rev. Hort. 227. 1854.
In the mountains at middle elevations, Chihuahua to Durango and Baja
California. Widely distributed in the western United States and Canada;
type from Washington.
Large tree, sometimes 70 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 2.4 meters,
but usually smaller, the trunk tall and naked, the bark pale reddish brown,
broken into large plates; leaves 7.5 to 40 cm. long, yellowish green; cones 6 to
19 em. long, early deciduous, reddish brown, lustrous; wood hard and strong
but brittle, close-grained, pale and reddish brown or yellow, very resinous, its
specific gravity 0.48 to 0.52. “Pino real” (Durango); “pinabete” (New
Mexico).
The western yellow pine is an important source of lumber in northern Mexico
and the southern Rocky Mountains. The wood is used for railroad ties, fenc-
ing, and all kinds of construction purposes.
20. Pinus arizonica Engelm.; Rothr. in Wheeler, Rep. U. 8. Surv. 100th
Merid. 6: 260. 1878.
Mountains of Chihuahua and Nuevo Leén. Southern Arizona (type from the
Santa Rita Mountains) and New Mexico.
Tree, sometimes 30 meters high, with a trunk 1.2 meters in diameter; branches
stout, spreading; bark reddish brown, broken into large irregular plates; leaves
dark green; wood soft, weak, rather brittle, close-grained, light red or yellowish,
very resinous, its specific gravity about 0.50.
An important source of lumber in the mountains of northern Mexico.
21. Pinus pringlei Shaw; Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 1: 211. 1905.
Michoacan, Guerrero, and Morelos, at subtropical levels; type from Uruapan,
Michoacan. ig
Large tree with long sinuous branches; leaves 15 to 25 cm. long, bright
green; cones 5 to 10 em. long, pendent or spreading, ocher-yellow, lustrous.
22. Pinus coulteri’ Lambert; Don, Trans. Linn, Soc. Bot. 17: 440. 1837.
On mountain tops, Baja California. California; type from Santa Lucia
Mountains. :
Tree, sometimes 21 meters high, with a trunk 1.2 meters in diameter; bark
dark brown or nearly black, deeply fissured; leaves 15 to 35 cm. long, dark
bluish green; cones 25 to 35 em. long, 10 to 13 cm. thick, pendent, light yellowish
brown; wood soft, weak, brittle, coarse-grained, light red, resinous, its specific
gravity about 0.41.
1Thomas Coulter (1793-1843) came to Mexico in 1825 as physician for a
mining company in Hidalgo. He remained there for a number of years and
made collections of plants. From 1831 to 1833 he explored Alta California
(now chiefly included in the State of California) and later Sonora, being the
first collector who forwarded to Europe collections from the latter region.
His collections were sent to Trinity College, Dublin, from which institution
they were distributed to various herbaria. A few of his plants are in the
U. S. National Herbarium. 5
58 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
23. Pinus oocarpa Schiede, Linnaea 12: 491. 1838.
Sinaloa to Zacatecas and Chiapas; type collected between Ario and Volefn
de Jorullo; Michoacin. Guatemala.
Tree, 12 to 15 meters high, with round compact head and stout branches;
leaves 18 to 28 cm. long, bright green; cones 4 to 8 or sometimes 10 em. long,
persistent, pendent or spreading, ocher-yellow, often tinged with gray or green.
“ Ocote” (Oaxaca); “pino real” (Tepic) ; said to be known also as “ ocote
macho.”
Pinus oocarpa microphylla Shaw? is a form from Sinaloa and Tepee with
leaves only 8 to 138 cm. long.
24. Pinus greggii* Engelm.; Parl. in DC. Prodr. 167: 396. 1868.
Mountains of Coahuila; type collected near Saltillo.
Tree, 10 to 15 meters high, with smooth gray bark when young; leaves bright
green, erect; cones reflexed, ocher-yellow, lustrous.
25 Pinus patula Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 354. 1831.
Querétaro to Veracruz and Puebla; type collected between Lerma and Toluca,
Mexico.
Tree, 12 to 25 meters high, with long slender branches, the upper part of
the trunk red; leaves 15 to 30 em. long, slender, drooping; cones 6 to 9 em.
long, reflexed, persistent, dark brown.
26. Pinus contorta Dougl.; Loud. Arb. Frut. 4: 2292. 18380.
San Pedro Martir Mountains of Baja California, at an altitude of about 2,400
meters. Northward to’ Alaska.
In the Mexican locality 22 to 30 meters high or larger, with straight trunk
and narrow tapering crown; bark very thin, smooth, orange-brown; leaves‘
3 to 8 cm. long, stiff, yellowish green; cones 5 to 6 ecm. long, ocher-brown, -
lustrous; wood soft, weak, close-grained, light yellow or whitish,- with little
resin, its specific gravity about 0.41.
2. PSEUDOTSUGA Carr, Trait. Conif. ed. 2. 256. 1867.
REFERENCES: Britton, N. Amer. Trees 69-73. f. 55, 56. 1908; Sudworth, For.
Trees Pacif. Slope 99-106. f. 36, 37. 1908.
Trees with linear leaves 2 to 3 cm. long; cones ovoid-oblong, drooping, the
bracts lobed, exserted beyond the rounded cone scales.
Cones 5 to 10 em. long; bracts of the cones much exserted____1. P. mucronata.
Cones 10 to 17 em. long; bracts only slightly exserted________ 2. P. macrocarpa.
1. Pseudotsuga mucronata (Raf.) Sudw. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 266. 1895.
Abies mucronata Raf. Atl. Journ. 120. 1832.
Abies douglasii Lindl. Penny Cycl. 1: 32. 1838.
Pseudotsuga douglasii Carr. Trait. Conif. ed. 2. 256, 1867.
Mountains, at high altitudes, Chihuahua and Sonora to Hidalgo. Northward
to southern Canada; type from the mouth of the Columbia River.
1Pines Mex. 27. 1909.
? Little is known concerning Josiah Gregg, who was a trader under the
patronage of Thomas G. Rockhill, a Philadelphia merchant. He published in
1844 “The Commerce of the Prairies,’ in which he tells of his travels in the
West, and of his residence of nearly nine years in northern Mexico. He made
botanical collections in Mexico, and his specimens are chiefly in the herbarium
of the Missouri Botanical Garden. He is believed to have died in California
in 1850. The genus Greggia, of the family Brassicaceae, was named in his
honor by -Gray.
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 59
Tree, in Oregon and Washington sometimes reaching a height of 90 meters,
with a trunk diameter of 4.5 meters, but usually smaller; bark thick, deeply
fissured; cones purplish at first, yellowish brown when mature; wood hard,
light red and coarse-grained or yellowish brown and fine-grained, the specific
gravity about 0.51. “ Hallarin” (Coahuila); “abeto,’ “pino de corcho”
(Hidalgo) ; “pinabete,” ‘“ cahuite,” or ‘“acahuite” (Durango); “pino real”
(New Mexico).
This tree (known in the United States as Douglas fir) is of the greatest
commercial importance in the United States, especially on the Pacific coast, as
well as in those portions of Mexico where it is abundant. It furnishes the
largest saw timber of any of the North American trees, if not of any trees in
the world. The wood is used for all kinds of construction purposes, especially
those which require large timbers, such as shipbuilding. It is used also for
railroad ties. Large quantities of the lumber are exported from the United
States. The bark is sometimes employed for tanning leather. The smaller
roots are very uniform in diameter for a length of 2 to 3 meters and have been
a favorite material of the California Indians for the manufacture of baskets.
It is said that in the same State a decoction of the green leaves has been used
by both Indians and white people as a beverage in place of coffee; and a decoc-
tion of the spring buds has been employed as a remedy for venereal diseases.
2. Pseudotsuga macrocarpa (Torr.) Mayr, Wald. Nordam. 278. 1890.
Abies douglasit macrocarpa Torr. in Ives, Rep. Colo. Riv. 28. 1861,
San Pedro MAartir Mountains, Baja California, at altitudes of: 1,500 to 2,100
meters. Southern California, the type from San Diego County.
Similar to preceding species except for the larger cones; tree, sometimes
30 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 1.2 meters; wood hard, strong, close-
grained, brown, durable, the specific gravity about 0.45.
3. ABIES Hill, Brit. Herb. 509. 1756.
Large conical trees with linear sessile leaves 2 to 6 em. long; flowers monoe-
cious; cones cylindric or ovoid, the thin scales faHing away from the axis at
maturity.
Leaves green and sulcate on the upper surface, slender_________ 1. A. religiosa.
Leaves glaucous and carinate on the upper surface, stout_______ 2. A. concolor.
1. Abies religiosa (H. B. K.) Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 77. 1830.
Pinus religiosa H, B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 5. 1817.
Abies hirtella Lindl. Penny Cycl. 1: 31. 1833.
In the mountains, up to 3,600 meters, San Luis Potosi to Jalisco and south-
ward; type collected between Mazatlan and Chilpancingo, Guerrero. Guate--
mala.
Large tree, sometimes 45 meters high (on Orizaba said to be as much as
60 meters high and 6 meters in circumference), occurring mostly at altitudes of
1,206 to 3,450 meters; branchlets hirtellous or glabrate; leaves mostly 2 to
3 cm. long; cones 6 to 15 em. long. “Abeto” (Valley of Mexico, Oaxaca) ;
“acxoyatl” (Valley of Mexico, Nahuatl); “banstii”’ (Otomi); “ jalocote”
{Valley of Mexico); “oyamel” or “oynmetl” (Valley of Mexico, Durango,
Oaxaca, Nahuatl); “huallame” (Coahuila); ‘ pinabete” (Durango and else-
where); “guayame” (Nuevo Leén, Gonzdlez); ‘cipreso” (Guatemala) ;
known also in various localities as “pino,’ “pino oyamel,” or ‘“ xalécotl”
(Nabuatl).
This fir tree furnishes considerable lumber which is used for various con-
struction purposes, as well as for making paper. The trees are tapped in winter
126651—20—_5
60 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
for the oleoresin which they yield abundantly. This, known as “aceite de
palo” or “aceite de abeto,” is used in medicine for its balsamic properties,
and as an ingredient of paints. The specific name “ religiosa” was applied
to the tree because of the fact that its branches are often used as decorations
in churches.
2. Abies concolor Lindl, Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. 5: 210. 1850.
San Pedro M4artir Mountains of Baja California, at altitudes of 2,250 meters
or more. New Mexico (type locality) to California and Oregon.
Large tree, sometimes attaining a height of 75 meters and a trunk diameter
of 2 meters, but usually smaller; bark very thick, reddish brown or light gray,
deeply furrowed; leaves 3 to 6 cm. long; cones 7 to 15 ecm. long, green or
purplish; wood very soft, of medium strength, coarse-grained, inodorous, its
specific gravity about 0.36.
The balsam fir is valuable for lumber when it occurs in sufficient abundance.
4. TAXODIUM L. Rich. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 16: 298. 1810.
Only 2 other species are known, natives of the southeastern United States.
1. Taxodium mucronatum Ten. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 19: 355. 1853.
Taxodium montezumae Decaisne, Bull. Soe. Bot. France 1: 71. 1854.
Taxodium mexicanum Carr. Trait. Conif. 147. 1855. ;
Sinaloa to Coahuila and southward, chiefly in wet soil; often planted as a
shade tree. Guatemala.
Large tree, 20 to 30 meters high; trunk straight, enlarged near the base,
covered with brownish red, rather smooth but shredded bark; roots of trees
growing in water often sending up conical projections or ‘‘ knees;” leaves
(and many of the young branches) deciduous, 6 to 12 mm. long; staminate
flowers in long slender spikes; cones subglobose, 1.5 to 2.5 em. in diameter.
The Nahuatl name is ‘“ ahuehuetl,’ in modern Mexican “ ahuehuete’”; the
Tarascan name is “pentamu” or “pentam6én;” “ciprés” (Tamaulipas) ;
“cipreso” (Chiapas); “sabino” (Durango, San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca, and
in other states); “ciprés de Montezuma” (Oaxaca, Valley of Mexico) ;
“tnuyucu” or ‘ yucu-ndatura” (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko); “ yaga-chichicino ”
or ‘“ yaga-guichi xifa” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko).
This bald cypress is one of the best-known trees of Mexico, being noted
especially for its size. The largest individual reported is the famous tree at
Santa Maria del Tule, Oaxaca, near the city of Oaxaca, which has a height
of 38.6 meters and a trunk circumference of 51.8 meters;* the greatest diameter
of its trunk is 12 meters, and the spread of its branches about 42 meters.
The Cypress of Montezuma, in the gardens of Chapultepec, has a height of
51 meters and a trunk circumference of 15 meters. It was a noted tree four
centuries ago, and has been estimated to be about 700 years old. Other trees
have been estimated to have attained a much greater age. A third famous
tree is the “Arbol de la Noche Triste,” in the village of Popatela, near the
City of Mexico, which is noted for its association with Cortés.
The wood is soft and rather weak, light or dark brown or yellowish, and
is often obtained in very large planks. It is susceptible of a good polish and
is used in Mexico for fine furniture, as well as for general construction. The
tree furnishes an acrid resin which was used in pre-Conquest times for the
cure of wounds, ulcers, cutaneous diseases, toothache, gout, ete., and which is
still used extensively in popular practice. The bark is employed as an emmena-
*M. O. Reyes. El gigante de la flora Mexicana 6 sea el sabino de Santa
Marfa del Tule del Estado de Oaxaca. Naturaleza 6: 110-114, pl. 6. 1884.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 61
gogue and diuretic, and the leaves are applied as a resolutive and as a cure
for itch. Chips of the wood are placed in an excavation in the ground, covered
with earth, and fired, and as a result there is obtained a kind of pitch which
is used commonly as a cure for bronchitis and other chest affections.2
5. JUNIPERUS L. Sp. Pl. 1088. 1753.
Trees or shrubs with small scalelike leaves, these opposite or verticillate ;
fruit a small globose cone, often berry-like.
Cedar wood is of much economic importance, being useful for many purposes,
one of the most common of which is the manufacture of lead pencils. The
bark is rich in tannin and is used for tanning leather. The volatile oil
obtained from the fruit of some species is aromatic, stimulant, and diuretic,
Spirits distilled with the berries of common juniper (J. communis L., of North
America, Europe, and Asia) constitutes the gin of commerce. The leaves, or
their decoction, of J. sabina L. (of Europe) and J. virginiana L. (of the United
States) have been used as a teniafuge and abortifacient, although their use is
dangerous. The trees are very commonly planted for ornamental purposes.
Reko gives the Mixtec name (in Oaxaca) as “yutnu-itne.”
Leaves of the branchlets ternate, obtuse. Fruit 1.2 to 1.8 cm. in diameter,
HERO SECU COUet ts es ite NOs. eRe he ead Loe a ee L. 1. J. californica.
Leaves of the branchlets opposite.
Bark checkered. Leaves obtuse; fruit dry, usually 4-seeded.
2. J. pachyphloea.
Bark shredded.
Fruit brownish, dry, fibrous, with 4 or more seeds; leaves very acute.
3. J. flaccida.
Fruit blue, fleshy, resinous, with 1 or sometimes 2 seeds; leaves obtuse.
4, J. mexicana.
1. Juniperus californica Carr. Rey. Hort. 1854: 352. 1854.
Juniperus cerrosianus Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 37. 1863.
Baja California, at altitudes of 150 to 1,000 meters. California (type
locality).
Usually a shrub but sometimes a tree 12 meters high, with a trunk diameter
of 60 cm.; bark thin, peeling off in long gray shreds, the inner bark reddish
brown; fruit reddish brown, maturing the second year; wood soft, close-
grained, light reddish brown, its specific gravity about 0.68. ‘‘Cedro” (Baja
California).
The wood is very durable and is used for fencing and for fuel. The Indians
employed the fruit, either fresh or dried, ground and made into cakes, for food.
2. Juniperus pachyphloea Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss, Pacif. 4: 142. 1857.
Low dry hillsides, Chihuahua and Sonora to Zacatecas and Puebla. Arizona
to western Texas; type from New Mexico.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 18 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 1.8 meters ;
_trunk usually short, covered with thick, reddish brown bark, this divided into
coarse 4-sided plates; fruit about 1.2 cm. in diameter, with dry sweet flesh;
wood soft, weak, brittle, close-grained, light red, with a specific gravity of
about 0.58. ‘“Tascate” (Chihuahua, Durango).
The bark is very different from that of any other species. The fruit is often
used as food. Palmer reports that in Chihuahua the plant (presumably the
leaves) is used as a remedy for rheumatism and neuralgia. Because of its
1Tomads Noriega. El Ahuehuete. Naturaleza 4: 35-40. 1877.
62 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
rough checkered bark, this species is known in the United States as alligator
juniper.
8. Juniperus flaccida Schlecht. Linnaea-12: 495. 1838.
Chihuahua and Sonora, southward; type from Atotonilco El Chico. Guate-
mala; western Texas.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 12 meters high, with slender, spreading or drooping
branches; fruit subglobose, reddish brown, 1.2 to 1.6 cm. in diameter, with dry
flesh. ‘“‘Cedro colorado” (Veracruz) ; “ cedro” (Durango).
4. Juniperus mexicana Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 909. 1826.
Cupressus sabinoides H. B. K. Nov, Gen. & Sp. 2: 3. 1817. Not Juniperus
sabinoides Griseb. 1844.
Juniperus tetragona Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 495. 1888.
Juniperus deppeana Steud. Nom. Bot. ed, 2. 835. 1840.
_ Nearly throughout Mexico, except along the northern part of the Pacific
coast. Guatemala; western Texas.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 30 meters high, with a ine diameter-of a meter
or more; in Mexico sometimes ascending to an altitude of 4,500 meters, and
then a low shrub; trunk short or tall, the thin bark separating into fibrous,
reddish brown scales; twigs 4-sided; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, dark blue, —
glaucous, with thin sweet resinous flesh; wood hard, weak, close-grained,
brown, its specific gravity about 0.59. “Sabino” (Chihuahua, Hidalgo, Mex-
ico, ete.); “enebro” (Oaxaca, Reko); “tascate” or “taxate” (Durango,
Chihuahua). 7
The wood is used for Peal construction, fence posts, telegraph poles, rail-
road ties, etc., and for fuel. Palmer states that the ashes of the bark are used
in the preparation of corn for tortillas.
Some of the specimens placed here may be referable to J. monosperma
(Engelm.) Sarg., but in the herbarium material examined it is impossible to
distinguish more than a single species.
6. CUPRESSUS L. Sp. Pl. 1002. 1753.
Tree or shrubs, closely resembling the species of Juniperus, but with larger
cones, these opening when ripe and shedding the seeds; leaves opposite, small
and scalelike.
The species of cypress are often cultivated for ornament. C. sempervirens
L., of the Old World, is said to be cultivated in Mexico.
Seeds not winged, 2 or 8 to each scale; leaves not appressed. Cones about 2.5
enmbein® diameter 2) 2 OT WA ee eS aaa eee See 1. C. thurifera.
Seeds narrowly winged, 5 to 8 to each scale; leaves appressed.
@ones. 25: to'3:5'em. in diameter] = Se 2. C. “<cuadala ee
Cones 1.2 to 2.5 em. in diameter.
Branchlets stout, stiff; leaves glaucous______-__---___-___-_ 3. C. arizonica.
Branchlets slender; leaves green_______---_------------- 4. C. benthamii.
1. Cupressus thurifera H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 3. 1817.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Tasco and Tehuilotepec, at 1,750 meters.
Shrub or large tree. ‘ Cedro” (Veracruz) ; “ cedro de la sierra” (Durango,
Veracruz, ete.) ; “ciprés” (Veracruz); “cedro amarillo,” “ gretado amarillo”
(Oaxaca, Reko) ; “tlatzein’” (Herrera).
2. Cupressus guadalupensis 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 300. 1879.
Guadalupe Island, Baja California.
Widely spreading tree, averaging about 12 meters in height, but sometimes
larger and with a trunk 7.5 meters in circumference; bark brown, curling into
thin plates; wood whitish.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 63
One tree measured by Palmer had a trunk 2 meters in circumference, with 236
annual rings. *
8. Cupressus arizonica Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 64. 1882.
Coahuila to San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas, and Baja California. Arizona (type
locality) and New Mexico.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 21 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 1.2 meters;
old bark thin, dark red or brown, separating into long shreds; cones reddish
brown, glaucous; wood soft, close-grained, grayish, streaked with yellow, its
specific gravity about 0.48. ‘“Cedro,” “cedro de la sierra,” ‘“‘ pinabete ” .(Du-
rango).
The wood is used for fuel and for general construction purposes.
4, Cupressus benthamii* Endl. Syn. Conif. 59. 1847,
? Cupressus coulteri J. Forbes, Pinet. Woburn. 190. 1839.
Cupressus lindleyi Klotzsch; Endl. Syn. Conif. 59. 1847.
Cupressus ehrenbergii Kunze, Linnaea 20: 16, 1847.
Cupressus karwinskiana Regel, Gartenflora 1857: 346. 1857.
Cupressus knightiana Perry; Gord. & Glend. Pinet. 61. 1858.
Tepic to Veracruz and southward; ascending to 3,000 meters; type from
Banco. Guatemala to Costa Rica. :
Tree, often 18 to 30 meters high. ‘‘Cedro blanco” (Oaxaca, etc.) ; “ ciprés”’
(Veracruz) ; “cedro” (Jalisco) ; “ ciprés de México” (Veracruz, etc.) ; “ gre
tado gal4an” (Oaxaca, Reko); “tlascal,” “tlascale” (Veracruz Michoacan,
Mexico, ete.) ; “ tlazzcin’’ (Guerrero, Hidalgo, Veracruz) ; “teatlale”’ (various
localities, Ramirez).
The wood is undoubtedly of importance for lumber, although no details con-
cerning it are available. The bark is said to be used in medicine as an
astringent.
7. LIBOCEDRUS Endl. Syn. Conif. 42. 1847.
_1. Libocedrus decurrens Torr. in Frém. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 7. pl. 3.
1854.
Mountains of Baja California, at altitudes of 2,100 to 2,400 meters. Califor-
nia and Oregon; type from the Sacramento River.
Tree, sometimes 45 meters high, with irregularly furrowed, reddish brown
bark; leaves in whorls of 4, scalelike, decurrent; cones oblong, 1.8 to 2.5 cm.
long, reddish brown; wood soft, weak, close-grained, light reddish brown, the
specific gravity about 0.40.
Known in the United States as incense cedar, a name applied because of the
fact that all parts of the tree contain a volatile oil with a characteristic
incense-like odor. The wood is very durable and is used for general construc-
tion, laths, shingles, interior finish, ete. The bark is rich in tannin.
: 6. GNETACEAE. Joint-fir Family.
1. EPHEDRA L. Sp. Pl. 1040. 1753.
Shrubs, erect or rarely subscandent or trailing over other shrubs; stems
slender, jointed; leaves reduced to opposite or verticillate scales; flowers
dioecious, the staminate in short aments, the Bese inflorescence conelike ;
fruit nutlike, angled, sometimes fleshy.
*Named in honor of George Bentham (1800-1884), one of the most noted of
British botanists. He was the author of many important botanical works, one
of which was a report upon the Mexican collections obtained by Hartweg.
64 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
In their general appearance these leafless plants are very unlike any others
found in North America. The stems have an astringent taste and contain
tannin, but they are much eaten by stock. A decoction of the stems is used
widely as a cure for venereal and renal diseases. H, distachya L., of the
Mediterranean Region, contains an alkaloid, ephedrine, which produces paralysis
of the heart.
Leaf scales ternate.
Leaf scales 8 to 10 mm. long, the apex aristate_______________- 1. E. trifurca.
heat seales'5 mm: long or shorter, acutes=23) 32)" 2 ee 2. E. californica.
Leaf scales opposite.
StemsveryseSCabrous 22222. "35. 5 ee ee ee 3. E. aspera.
Stems smooth. .
Fruit not fleshy ; stems yellowish green, stiff, erect___4. E. antisyphilitica.
Fruit fleshy; stems glaucous or glaucescent.
Stems erect, with short stiff branches; fruit sessile or nearly so,
5. E. compacta.
Stems reclining, slender, flexuous; fruit conspicuously pedunculate.
6. E. pedunculata.
1. Ephedra trifurca Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 152. 1848.
Dry mesas and hillsides, Chihuahua, Sonora, and Baja California. Western
Texas to Utah; type from New Meixco.
About a meter high, with numerous erect branches. ‘ Popotillo” (Chi-
huahua, Texas, New Mexico) ; ‘‘ tepopote” (Chihuahua, Texas).
2. Ephedra californica S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 14: 300. 1879.
Dry plains and low mountain slopes, Baja California. Southern California ;
type from San Diego County.
Erect shrub.
8. Ephedra aspera Hngelm.; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 157. 1883.
Dry plains and hillsides, Chihuahua to Zacatecas and Baja California; type
from mountains near Saltillo, Coahuila.
Erect shrub, 0.8 to 1 meter high. ‘ Pitamoreal”’ (Coahuila); “ tepopote,”
“ eafiatilla,” “ popotillo”’ (Durango) ; ‘ itamo real” (Coahuila) ; ‘“ hintimoreal ”
(Coahuila, Palmer).
Used for the same purposes as the other species. Palmer states, also, that
the plant is sometimes sold in the markets as a remedy for pneumonia.
4. Ephedra antisyphilitica Meyer, Monogr, Ephedra 101. 1846.
In dry soil at low altitudes, Coahuila (type locality) ; doubtless also in Chi-
huahua. Western Texas to Colorado.
Shrub, a meter high or lower. ‘“ Cafiatilla” (Chihuahua, Texas, New Mex-
ico) ; “‘ tepopote”’ (Chihuahua, Texas) ; ‘“‘ popotillo” (New Mexico).
5. Ephedra compacta Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 261. 1909.
Dry plains and hillsides, Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuac&n, Puebla.
Shrub, 30 to 50 cm. high, very densely branched, pale green; fruit red and
fleshy.
6. Ephedra pedunculata Engelm.; S. Wats. Proce. “Amer. Acad. 18: 157. 1883.
Dry plains and hillsides, Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas.
Western Texas, the type from Uvalde.
Slender shrub with long reclining stems; fruit fleshy, red or salmon-colored.
“ Cafiatilla,” “ tepopote,” “‘ popotillo’’ (Durango) ; itamo real’ (Zacatecas, San
Luis Potosi) ; “ retama real” (Durango, Palmer); “ sanguinaria” (the stems,
San Luis Potosi, Safford).
Besides its other uses, Palmer states that in Zacatecas the plant is esteemed
as a remedy for pleurisy and pneumonia.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 65
7. POACEAE. Grass Family.
(Contributed by Prof. A. S. Hitchcock.)
REFERENCE: Hitchcock, Mexican grasses in the U. S. National Herbarium,
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 181-389. 1913.
Herbs or rarely shrubs or trees; leaves usually long and narrow, but in the
woody species usually lanceolate or elliptic, often petiolate; -flowers small,
greenish, or purplish, arranged in small spikelets, the spikelets in narrow or
open panicles; fruit a caryopsis or grain.
Most of the woody grasses belong to the tribe Bamboseae, usually known in
English-speaking countries as bamboos. In tropical America there are few
.grasses, aside from bamboos, that have woody stems, and nearly all of these
belong to the genus Lasiacis of the tribe Paniceae.
It is impracticable to draw a sharp distinction between woody and herba-
ceous grasses. In the following account only those species have been included
which possess culms that persist from year to year. Some excluded species
have woody crowns or have the base of the culms woody; others, such as the
sugar cane and reed (Phragmites communis Trin.), have large firm culms that
appear woody during the season of growth, but do not persist.
Leaves many times longer than broad; panicle a large terminal plume; spikelets
2 to several-flowered, more or less silky.
Spikelets unisexual, the pistillate long-silky, the staminate glabrous; plants
MIO CCIOUS Ga eaeee DLE Seat ek Sea eae TLE ye 1. GYNERIUM.
Spikelecsepertect,the lemmas’ silky e223 eS ee 2. ARUNDO.
Leaves lanceolate or elliptic, usually not more than 20 cm. long; panicles narrow
or open but scarcely a large plume; spikelets 1 to several-flowered.
Spikelets unisexual; pistillate spikelets borne on the upper branches and on
the ends of the lower branches of a loose terminal panicle, the smaller
staminate spikelets pedicellate along the lower branches; leaves asym-
metrically lanceolate-oblong, the larger 20 cm. long and 5 ecm. wide.
3. OLYRA.
Spikelets perfect (often with ‘sterile florets above or below) ; leaves usually
less than 5 cm. wide.
Spikelets globose or ovoid, obtuse, with one perfect terminal floret and a
sterile floret below; blades sessile____________________ 4. LASIACIS.
Spikelets 1 to several-flowered, the florets acute or acuminate; blades
usually contracted into a short petiole and jointed with the sheath.
(BAMBOOS. )
Stamens 6. Spikelets several-owered 2502 ar es ee 5. BAMBOS.
Stamens 38.
SDUKeIELSmal-floweregdes sas. ae ee ee ee es 6. CHUSQUEA.
Spikelets 2 to many-flowered.
Glumes 1 or 2; sterile lemmas none; spikelets loose, many-flowered,
elongate, paniculate or racemose_____-____ 7 ARUNDINARIA.
Glumes 2; sterile lemmas 1 or 2; spikelets in racemes or 1-sided
spikes, these arranged in tufts at the culm nodes.
8. ARTHROSTYLIDIUM.
1. GYNERIUM Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin, 2: 112. pl. 115. 1809.
1. Gynerium sagittatum (Aubl.) Beauv. Ess. Agrost, 138. pl. 24. f. 6. 1812.
Saccharum sagittatum Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 50. 1775.
Gynerium saccharoides Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 112. pl. 115. 1809.
River banks and low ground, forming dense colonies, Veracruz and Oaxaca.
West Indies to South America, the type from French Guiana.
66 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stout reed, often 10 meters tall, with culms clothed below with old sheaths
(the blades having fallen), sharply serrulate blades, commonly 2 meters long
and 4 to 6 cm. wide (forming a great fan-shaped summit to the sterile culms),
and pale, plumy, densely flowered panicles 1 meter long or more, the main axis
erect, the branches drooping. “ Cafla brava” (Tabasco, Rovirosa) ; “cafia de
casa” (Guatemala); “ cafia boba,” “suza” (Colombia); “cafia de Castilla”
(El Salvador, Cuba).
2. ARUNDO L. Sp. Pl. 81, 1753.
1. Arundo donax L. Sp. Pl. 81. 1753.
Along rivers and ditches throughout Mexico. Warmer parts of the Old
World; cultivated in America for ornament and occurring from Texas to”
‘California and southward to South America as an escape.
A tall reed with strong, sparingly branching culms, elongate scabrous-mar-
gined flat blades, and densely flowered, slightly drooping panicles 30 to 60 em.
long, the spikelets about 1 cm. long. “Carrizo” (Durango, ete.); “ cafia
hueca,” “cafaveral” (Ramirez) ; “carricillo (Tamaulipas) ; “ giiin” (Cuba).
Tender stems eaten by animals; canes used for fishing rods, arrows, and
flutes.
8. OLYRA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759.
1. Olyra latifolia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759.
Copses and shady banks, San Luis Potosi to Michoacin and southward.
Mexico and West Indies to South America, the type from Jamaica.
Glabrous perennial, bamboo-like in aspect, commonly 5 meters tall, the
strong hollow culms sometimes 1 cm. thick, erect and unsupported, the summit
only arching (or weaker culms leaning among brush), the lower half to tvo-
thirds simple and naked, the short sheaths bladeless or nearly so, the elongate
internodes blotched with dull purple, branching from the upper nodes, the
branches commonly fascicled, divaricate, often 1 meter long, sometimes again
branching; blades convolute in the bud, spreading, flat, firm, asymmetrically
lanceolate-oblong, abruptly acuminate, commonly 20 cm. long and 5 cm. wide,
those of the ultimate branches smaller, the lowermost on both primary culm
and branches rudimentary; panicles 10 to 15 em. long, about two-thirds as wide,
those of the secondary branches reduced, the branches stiffly ascending or
spreading, each bearing a single large long-acuminate pistillate spikelet at the
thickened summit and several small slender-pediceled staminate spikelets along
the rachis. “ Tibisi’” (Cuba).
4, LASIACIS (Griseb.) Hitche. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 15: 16. 1910.
The clambering species are known in Cuba as “ tibisf.”
Main stem prostrate, the fertile shoots prostrate, ascending, or erect.
Blades lanceolate, mostly less than 5 em. long; fertile shoots strongly dorsi-
ventral; mostly prostrate...2.- 2.2 ee eee eee 1. L. rugelii.
Blades linear-lanceolate, about 10 to 12 em. long; fertile shoots ascending or
erect from a decumbent base, not dorsiventral_________ 2. L. grisebachii.
Main stem clambering, or much branched and forming a tangled mass.
Ligule noticeable, brownish, about 2 mm. long. Blades scabrous on both
surfaces, elongate, more than 10 times as long as wide; plants not form-
ing a strong central clambering cane__________________ 3. L. oaxacensis.
Ligule inconspicuous, hidden within the mouth of the sheath, rarely as much
as 1 mm. long.
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 67
Culms not high-climbing, decumbent and rooting at base, forming a tangled
mass, with no strong central cane; spikelets clustered toward the ends
CONE o[ELINEY ] OVEET ONG) ae seer 2 tek MO ries 2 ees Se Reel eed Oe See EP Re 4, L. rhizophora.
Culms high-climbing, forming a strong central cane; spikelets not clustered
toward the ends of the branches.
Blades glabrous on both surfaces, often more or less scabrous (see L.
ruscifolia, rarely with glabrous ovate-lanceolate blades).
Panicle few-flowered, 5 to 10 em. long; branches strongly zigzag, the
branchlets strongly divaricate or reflexed; blades narrowly lanceo-
late, firm, mostly less than 1 cm. wide (sometimes wider on vigor-
OUSISDOOES) Pe ers ee Ie aE he ee ee, 5. L. divaricata.
Panicle many-flowered, usually 15 to 25 em. long or more on the
primary branches; branches straight or arcuate, not zigzag;
blades mostly over 1.5 em. wide.
Spikelets globose, about 3 mm. long__________________ 6. L. globosa.
Spikelets lanceolate-ellipsoidal, 3.5 to 5 mm. long______ 7. L. sloanei.
Blades pubescent on one or both surfaces (sometimes glabrous in L.
ruscifolia).
Blades narrowly lanceolate, averaging 8 to 10 times as long as wide;
panicle large and open; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long.
8. L. sorghoidea.
Blades ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, sometimes lanceolate, often more or
less cordate-clasping; panicle often compact or at least the
branches commonly compactly flowered; spikelets 8 to 4 mm. long.
9. L. ruscifolia.
1. Lasiacis rugelii (Griseb.) Hitche, Bot. Gaz. 51: 302. 1911.
Panicum rugelii Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. 233. 1866.
Rich woods, San Luis Potosi and Yucatén. Cuba (the type locality).
Prostrate, the main canes slender; branches commonly fascicled, very leafy,
the pubescent sheaths overlapping, the small, lanceoiate, firm, puberulent,
somewhat cinereous blades oblique at base; panicles short-exserted, few-
flowered.
2. Lasiacis grisebachii’ (Nash) Hitche. Bot. Gaz. 51: 302. 1911.
Panicum grisebachii Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 301. 1908.
Rich woods and shady banks, carpeting the floor of dark thickets, Veracruz.
Honduras; Cuba (type locality).
Stems more slender, freely producing rootlets, the long narrow blades not
crowded; panicle branches ascending.
8. Lasiacis oaxacensis (Steud.) Hitche. Proc, Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 145.
1911.
Panicum oazracense Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum, 1: 73. 1854.
Edges of woods, Veracruz, Michoacin, and Oaxaca (type locality). Guate-
mala and Jamaica to South America.
Slender, straggling, decumbent and geniculate at base, with numerous aerial
rootlets, the long branches ascending and arcuate, with narrow scabrous blades
commonly 20 em. long, and large open few-flowered panicles, the spikelets borne
at the ends of the branchlets.
* Heinrich Rudolph August Grisebach (1814-1879), a native of Hanover, pub-
lished in 1864 a ‘“‘ Flora of the British West Indies,” one of the most important
works upon the plants of tropical North America. He is known, too, for his
“Vegetation der Erde,” published in 1872, a classic work upon plant geography,
and for numerous other botanical publications.
68 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Lasiacis rhizophora (Fourn.) Hitche. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 145.
1911.
Panicum rhizophorum Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 81. 1886.
Copses and edges of woods, Veracruz, the type from Orizaba. Guatemala
to Costa Rica.
Culms branching and straggling, not forming a strong central cane, decum-
bent at base and rooting at the lower nodes, the fertile culms ascending, 30 to
100 cm. long; blades 7 to 14 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide; panicles 8 to 15 em.
long.
5. Lasiacis divaricata (L.) Hitche. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 15: 16, 1910.
Panicum divaricatum L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 871, 1759.
Copses and edges of woods, chiefly at low altitudes and especially in the
vicinity of the seacoast, Baja California to Veracruz and southward. South-
ern Florida and the West Indies to South America, the type from Jamaica.
Shrubby, with strong central canes, clambering to a height of 3 or 4 meters,
the main branches often fascicled, the vigorous secondary foliage shoots mostly
strongly divaricate or zigzag, usually glabrous throughout except on the margin
of the sheaths; blades commonly less than 1 cm. wide, only on vigorous shoots
as much as 1.5 em. wide; panicles usually less than 10 cm. long, the branches
deflexed at maturity. ‘“ Pito de bejuco”’ (Cuba).
6. Lasiacis globosa Hitche. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 251. 1913.
Copses near the sea, Guerrero; type from Acapulco. Panama.
Blades smooth, elliptic-lanceolate; panicle loosely flowered, 8 to 12 em. long,
the spikelets globose, 3 mm, long.
7. Lasiacis sloanei (Griseb.) Hitche. Bot. Gaz. 57: 302. 1911.
Panicum sloanei Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 551. 1864.
Climbing among bushes and small trees, San Luis Potosi and Veracruz.
West Indies and Mexico, south to Colombia, the type from Jamaica.
Climbing to the height of 3 to 4 meters, forming a strong central cane;
branches solitary or 2 or 3 together, elongate; blades parchment-like in texture
at maturity, commonly 12 to 15 em, long and 2 to 38 em. wide, narrowed into
a very short pubescent petiole; panicles commonly as much as 20 em. long,
nearly as wide, the branches rather rigid.
The spikelets are larger in this species than in any other of the genus in the
region.
8. Lasiacis sorghoidea (Desy.) Hitche. & Chase, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:
338. 1917.
Panicum lanatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 24. 1788. Not P. lanatum
Rottb. 1776.
Panicum sorghoideum Desv.; Hamilt. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Oce. 10. 1825.
Ravines, wood borders, and hedges, San Luis Potosi and Jalisco, southward.
West Indies and Mexico to Argentina, the type from Hispaniola.
Erect or clambering to a height of 5 to 7 meters, with a strong central cane
as much as 1 em. thick, the main branches 1 meter long or more, arcuate,
bearing slender branchlets toward the pendent ends; sheaths and both surfaces
of the blades velvety, or the sheaths glabrescent, the blades of the main branches
commonly 20 em. long and 2.5 em. wide, those of the branchlets much smaller,
often less velvety; panicles usually about 10 to 20 cm, long, at maturity as
wide or wider, the spikelets more or less clustered on the long distant branches.
9. Lasiacis ruscifolia (H. B. K.) Hitche. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 145.
1911.
Panicum ruscifolium H. B. K, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 101. 1816.
,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 69
Panicum compactum Swartz, Adnot. Bot. 14. 1829. Not P. compactum Kit.
1814.
Panicum liebmannianum Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 33. 1886.
Climbing over bushes, Sonora to Veracruz and southward; type from the
Volean Jorullo. Mexico and the West Indies to Venezuela.
More robust than any other species, freely branching, with numerous leafy
dorsiventral shoots with broad blades, these velvety or glabrous beneath,
glabrous or scabrous above, the sheaths glabrous or nearly so, the scarcely ex-
serted, oblong or club-shaped panicles usually compactly flowered.
5. BAMBOS Retz. Obs. Bot. 5: 24. 1789.
Robust arboreous grasses with culms several centimeters in diameter and
rising to the height of 10 to 20 meters.
BSP UAL YESS AS) OW al ec tag aac BS ALS ev eas 1. B. aculeata.
ranchesrunarmed sso 8 oe oasis a gebe eeee 2. B. vulgaris.
1. Bambos aculeata (Rupr.) Hitche. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 387. 1913.
Guadua aculeata Rupr.; Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 130. 1886.
Veracruz, the type from Colipa.
2. Bambos vulgaris Schrad.; Wendl. Coll. Pl. 2: 26. pl. 47. 1810.
Commonly cultivated in tropical America; native of the Old World.
Arborescent, freely branching; flowering branches fascicled, elongate, leafless,
the sessile spikelets radiate in clusters. “ Cafla brava” (Cuba).
The common bamboo of cultivation.
6. CHUSQUEA Kunth, Syn. Pl. Aequin. 1: 254. 1822.
Branchlets pubescent ; base of sheath tumid____________________ 1. C. nelsoni.
Branchlets glabrous; base of sheath not tumid________________ 2. C. bilimeki.
1. Chusquea nelsoni Scribn. & Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Div. Agrost. Bull. 4: 16.
1897.
Only known from the type, which was collected between Chilapa and Tuxtla,
Guerrero.
2. Chusquea bilimeki* Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 132. 1886.
Only known from the type locality, in the Valley of Mexico.
Described as having a culm a centimeter in diameter.
7. ARUNDINARIA Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 73. 1803.
Blades 2 mm. wide; lemmas 1 to 1.5 mm. wide___-___________ 1. A. acuminata.
Blades 5 to 8 mm. wide; lemmas 2 mm. wide________________ 2. A. longifolia.
1. Arundinaria acuminata Munro, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 25. 1868.
Veracruz, the type locality.
Panicles diffuse, the spikelets narrow, acuminate, the lemmas awned.
2. Arundinaria longifolia Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 131. 1886.
Durango, Tepic, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Jicalte-
pee, Veracruz.
Panicles less diffuse than in the preceding, the spikelets wider; blades long
and narrow, 15 to 20 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide; culms as much as 4 cm. thick.
*Named for Bilimek, who was chief gardener of the Emperor Maximilian.
He made a small collection of plants, some of which are in the U. S. National
Herbarium.
10° CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. ARTHROSTYLIDIUM Rupr. Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 31: 117.
1839.
1. Arthrostylidium racemiflorum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 336. 1854.
Veracruz; the type from Mexico, but the definite locality unknown. Costa
Rica. =
Several other species of ‘bamboos have been described from Mexico, but their
validity and identity are uncertain.
8. PHOENICACEAE. Palm Family.
REFERENCE: Oersted, Nat. For. Kj6benhavn Vid. Medd. 1858: 1-54. 1859-
The palms are one of the most interesting and important groups of Mexican
plants. Although the number of species represented is not nearly as large as in
Central America, or farther southward in South America, those which are
found in Mexico are of great economic importance. The plants attract
attention because of their curious and beautiful forms, and they are favorite
ornamental plants in Mexican parks and gardens. Besides the native species,
some exotic ones are cultivated. The species are widely distributed in Mexico
and often form extensive forests.
The trunks are used for making the walls and roofs of houses, and the leaves
are the usual material employed for thatch. The juice of the stems usually
contains sugar, and may be fermented to obtain intoxicating drinks. The
tough leaves are made into hats, mats, raincoats, and other articles, and their
fiber furnishes cordage. The fruits of many of the species are edible, and the
seeds contain large quantities of oil.
The writer is under special obligations to Mr. O. F. Cook for assistance in the
preparation of the account of this family.
Leaves flabellate.
Calyx and corolla united and forming a 6-dentate cup; ovary of a single
d-ovulate carpel: Petiolessunarmed. === =2 28 eee 1. THRINAX.
Calyx and corolla distinct; ovary of 3 distinct or more or less united carpels.
Style or stigma basilar in fruit. Petioles unarmed____--___~ 2. INODES.
Style or stigma terminal in fruit.
Trunk armed with long spines_______-____.___+__ 4. ACANTHORRIZA.
Trunk unarmed.
Petioles smooth. Fruit globose, about 12 mm. in diameter.
5. CRYOSOPHILA.
Petioles with dentate or denticulate margins.
Branches of the inflorescence, at least the primary ones, subtended
by spathes.
Leaf sheaths split at base___._____-.-_____ 3. WASHINGTONIA.
Leaf sheaths not split ‘at bases = ae es 6. ERYTHEA.,
Branches of the inflorescence not subtended by spathes.
7. BRAHEA.
Leaves pinnate or pinnatifid, or sometimes simple and bifid at the apex.
Ovary of 3 distinct carpels, only one normally developed______ 8. PHOENTX,
Ovary of united carpels.
Fruit baccate, without a bony endocarp.
Flowers sunk in the fleshy rachis of the inflorescence.
Style lateral, beside the one fertile cell of the ovary___9. GEONOMA.
Style rising from between the 8 fertile cells of the ovary.
10. CALYPTROGYNE.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. viel
Flowers not sunk in the rachis of the inflorescence.
SUPERS Ss ele eA SN oe 11. REINHARDTIA.
Satu HeSP or Ob MOLE! some os ee Se et le 12. CHAMAEDOREA.
Fruit nutlike, with a bony endocarp.
Trunk and leaf bases unarmed.
SLAMeENS.GS fruit al-Seededs = 5 ee ee 13. COCOS.
Stamens 10 to 24; fruit 2 to 6-seeded________________ 14. ATTALEA.
Trunk or leaf bases armed with spines, these sometimes black and needle-
like.
Petals of the pistillate flowers connate only at the base.
15. ACROCOMIA.
Petals of the pistillate flowers united.
Staminate flowers immersed in the rachis of the inflorescence; fruit
STD LM an ES a ce ae 5a en 16. ASTROCARYUM.
Staminate flowers not immersed in the rachis; fruit not spiny.
Trunk erect; seeds with large subapical foramina.
17. BACTRIS.
Trunk trailing or scandent; seeds with small peripheral foramina.
18. DESMONCUS.
1. THRINAX L. f.; Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 57. 1788.
1. Thrinax wendlandiana Becec. Webbia 2: 265. 1907.
Yucatin. Cuba (type locality) ; Honduras.
Leaves flabellate, about a meter long, green above, slightly paler beneath;
spadix paniculate-branched; fruit globose, 5 mm. or more in diameter. Known
in Cuba as “ miraguano de lana,” “ guano de lana,” or “ guano de costa.”
2. INODES Cook, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 529. 1901.
REFERENCE: Beccari, Webbia 2: 10-86. 1907 (as Sabal).
Plants with tall trunks; leaves flabelliform, the margins of the segments
with numerous long threads; fruit small, globose, usually black.
Seeds small, 5 to 8 mm. broad. Branches of the inflorescence slender.
Hruit Zlobose, not at. all“asymmetric=2—) — === 3* esse 1. I. mexicana.
Fruit more or less asymmetric at the base___-_-___-___-_-_--- 2. I. japa.
Seeds large, 10 to 13 mm. broad.
Branches of the- pistillate inflorescence strongly thickened, fusiform. Em-
TOVENO yoo Fon REY er [esata a eo le ae FS eo See hs ye eee PPS we 3. I. uresana.
Branches of the pistillate inflorescence slender.
BESS RA TS TV Ces Toe Ne ean ce ee ee ee 4. I. rosei.
mmbrye-supGorsal=. 828 By eek Ate age hie aa eed as DP 5. I. texana.
1. Inodes mexicana (Mart.) Standl.
Sabal mexicana Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 8: 246. pl. S, f. 1-7, pl. V, f. 4.
1836-50.
Tepiec to Zacatecas and Oaxaca (type locality), and perhaps farther east:
ward. Guatemala.
Trunk 10 to 20 meters high, when young clothed with the persistent petioles,
but in age naked; leaf blades somewhat recurved; inflorescence short and
dense, recurved; fruit depressed-globose, about 8 mm. in diameter. ‘ Palma
real” (Oaxaca) ; “palma redonda” (Michoac&in, Guerrero).
2. Inodes japa (Wright) Standl.
Sabal japa Wright; Sauv. Anal, Acad. Ci. Habana 7: 562. 1870.
Yucatin. Cuba (type locality).
72 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Trunk tall, sometimes 24 meters high; leaves large, the blades about 1.2 to
1.3 meters long; inflorescence 30 to 70 cm. long, composed of several short
panicles; fruit globose, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Huano,”’ ‘xaan” (Yuca-
tin). Known in Cuba as “ palma de guano,” “ cana,” “ japa,” or “ miraguano.”
8. Inodes uresana (Trel.) Cook, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 534, 1901.
Sabal wresana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard, 12: 79. pl. 35-37. 1901.
Vicinity of Ures, Sonora.
Trunk 5 to 10 meters high, about 30 em. in diameter, naked; leaves very
glaucous, on long unarmed petioles, the blades about 1 meter long; fruit
depressed-globose, 15 to 20 mm. in diameter, green or dirty brown and some-
what lustrous.
4. Inodes rosei’* Cook, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 534. 1901.
Sabal rosei Bece. Webbia 2: 83. 1907.
In the coastal plain, Tepic and southern Sinaloa; type from Acaponeta,
Tepic.
Six to 12 or even 18 meters high, the trunk slender, naked, 15 to 20 em.
thick; leaves numerous, the blades pale green, 80 cm, wide or larger; inflores-
cence 60 em. long or longer; fruit globose, about 1.8 em. in diameter, blackish
or dark blue.
5. Inodes texana Cook, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 534, 1901.
Sabal texrana Bece. Webbia 2: 78. 1907.
Tamaulipas. Southwestern Texas (type locality).
Trunk tall, naked; spadices about 75 cm. long, copiously branched; flowers
white, with a honey-like odor; fruit globose, 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter. ‘‘ Palma
real,” “palma de micheros” (Tamaulipas).
The leaves are used for thatching and for chair seats. The flowers are much
frequented by bees. The fruits, known as “ micheros,” are said to be edible.
3. WASHINGTONIA Wendl. Bot. Zeit. 37: 68. 1879.
REFERENCES: Parish, Bot. Gaz. 44:+408-434. f. 1-12. 1907; Goldman, Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 316. 1916; Parish, Bot. Gaz. 46: 144-147. f. 1-5. 1908;
Parish, Bot. Gaz. 48: 462-468. 1909.
Plants usually with tall trunks; leaves flabelliform, deeply divided, the mar-
gins of the leaves usually separating into drooping fibers; fruit drupaceous.
Petiole obtuse at the junction with the blade__________________ 1. W. sonorae.
Petiole acuminately prolonged into the blade.
Leaf blades nearly or quite without filaments_______________ 2. W. gracilis.
Leaf blades copiously filiferous oP ETE eS oe ee ees SRE ee 3. W. filifera.
1. Washingtonia sonorae §. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 79. 1889.
Dry plains and canyons, Sonora and southern Baja California; type- from
canyons near Guaymas, Sonora.
Trunk reaching a height of 7.5 meters or more; leaves about a meter broad,
somewhat glaucous, copiously filiferous; petioles armed with stout curved
spines; inflorescence 1.5 to 1.8 meters long; fruit about 6 mm. in diameter, said
to be used for food. In Baja California three distinct forms, known as
“palma blanea,” “palma colorada,” and “ palma negra,” are recognized by the
natives.
*Named for Dr. J. N. Rose (1862-), Associate Curator of the U. S.
National Herbarium. Dr. Rose has collected extensively in nearly all parts of
Mexico, and has obtained a very large series of specimens, which are in the
National Herbarium. He has published many papers dealing with Mexican
plants.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 73
2. Washingtonia gracilis Parish, Bot. Gaz. 44: 420. f. 8-10. 1907.
Described from trees cultivated in southern California; believed to be a
native of Baja California.
Trunk slender, at least 20 meters high; blades 80 to 100 em. broad; petioles
armed throughout with short curved yellow spines; fruit.6 to 7 mm. in di-
ameter.
38. Washingtonia filifera (Linden) Wendl. Bot. Zeit. 3'7: 68. 1879.
Pritchardia filifera Linden, Ill. Hort. Lem. 24. 1877.
Neowashingtonia filamentosa Sudw. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. For. Bull. 14: 105.
1897.
Neowashingtonia filifera Sudw. For. Trees Pac. Slope 199. 1908.
Dry plains, Baja California. Southern California.
Trunk up to 27 meters high, often a meter in diameter; leaves a meter
broad or larger; inflorescence 2.5 to 3 meters long; fruit about 8 mm. long,
black, with thin sweet fiesh. In the typical form the petioles are unarmed
near the blade; in W. filifera robusta (Wendl.) Parish* they are armed
throughout; in W. filifera microsperma Bece.’ they are armed only near the
base.
* This species is one of the commonest palms cultivated in hothouses. It is
grown in parks in Sonora, where it is known as “palma de Castilla.” The
desert Indians of southern California utilized the leaves for building huts and
strands from the leaves for tying and in basketry. The fruit was eaten fresh
or dried, the seeds were ground into meal, and the terminal bud or “ cabbage”
was roasted and eaten.
4. ACANTHORRHIZA Wendl. in Kerchove, Palmiers 230. 1878.
REFERENCE: Beccari, Webbia 2: 230-2438. 1907.
1. Acanthorriza mocinni (H. B. K.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr.
Amer. Bot. 3: 411. 1885.
Chamaerops mocinni H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 300. 1815.
Trithrinag aculeata Liebm.; Mart, Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 320. 1836-50.
Acanthorrhiza aculeata Wendl. in Kerchove, Palmiers 230. 1878.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Campeche; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Guate-
mala. shes
Trunk of medium height, tapering upward, covered above with long spines;
leaves flabelliform, green, slightly paler beneath, the petioles smooth; inflores-
eence short, recurved; fruit whitish, about 1.2 cm. in diameter. “Palma de
escoba’”’ (Campeche); ‘ zoyamiche,”’ ‘“ zoyaviche” (Oaxaca); ‘ soyamiche ”
(Michoacan, Guerrero).
5. CRYOSOPHILA Blume, Rumphia 2: 53. 1836.
1. Cryosophila nana (H. B. K.) Blume, Rumphia 2: 538. 1836.
Corypha nana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 299. 1815.
Copernicia nana Liebm.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 411, 1885.
Known only from the type locality, summit of Cuesta de los Pozuelos, between
Acapulco and Mazatlan, Guerrero.
Trunk 2 to 4 meters high, slender, unarmed; leaves flabellate, green above,
whitish beneath; flowers densely spicate; fruit globose, about 12 mm. in diam-
eter, green. ‘ Palmillo.”
*Bot. Gaz. 44: 420. 1907. Washingtonia robusta Wendl. Gart. Zeit. 2: 198.
1883.
* Parish, Bot. Gaz. 44: 420. 1907.
74 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. ERYTHEA &. Wats. Bot. Calif, 2: 211. 1880.
REFERENCE: Bececari, Webbia 2: 118-140. 1907.
Plants with tall trunks; leaves flabelliform, deeply divided, the divisions
lacerate at the apex; flowers perfect; fruit baccate.
Fruit obpyriform, distinctly attenuate to the base; petioles unarmed.
1. E. elegans,
Fruit globose, rounded at the base; petioles usually armed with spinelike teeth.
heaves claveous 222230 32-3 eee ee eee 2. E. armata.
Leaves green. }
Fruit 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter; trunk sometimes 30 meters high.
3. E. brandegeei.
Fruit 2.5 to 3 cm, in diameter; trunk usually 6 to 9 meters high.
Petioles armed with short hooked spines____---__--______ 4. E. aculeata.
Petioles unarmedtormearlyssons >) 2232 ee 5. E. edulis.
1. Erythea elegans Franceschi; Becc. Webbia 2: 138. 1907.
-Sonora, in the region about Hermosillo.
Leaves glaucescent; fruit 18 to 20 mm. long, 15 to 17 mm. thick,
2. Erythea armata S. Wats. Bot. Calif, 2: 212. 1880.
Brahea armata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 11: 146. 1876.
Glaucothea armata Cook, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci, 5: 237. 1915.
Along canyons and arroyos, northern Baja California; type from Tantillas
Mountains.
Trunk sometimes 12 meters high and a meter in diameter, but usually about
6 meters high; leaves very numerous, the blades glaucous, the petioles armed
with curved teeth; inflorescence slender, exceeding the leaves, the flowers dull
purplish. “Palma blanca” (Sonora).
This species is cultivated in southern California and in Sonora. It has been
made the type of a new genus, Glaucothea, by Cook. While this genus is appar-
ently well founded, it seems impracticable to recognize it in the present work,
since the position of some of the other species, especially E. elegans, is doubtful.
3. Erythea brandegeei* Purpus, Gartenflora 1903: 12. f. 1, 2. 1903.
Mountains of the Cape Region of Baja California.
Trunk 30 meters high or higher, about 60 cm. in diameter or less, smooth ;
leaves 10 to 12, the blades subtomentose, sparsely filiferous, green above, pale
beneath, about 1 meter long; petioles glabrous, 1 to 1.5 meters long, spine-
toothed ; inflorescence tomentose; fruit 10 to 15 mm, in diameter. “ Palmilla,”
“palma negra,” “palma de Tlaco.”
The tender buds are eaten.
4, Erythea aculeata T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 196. 1905.
Sinaloa; type from Cofradia.
Trunk 6 to 7 meters high; leaf blades 40 to 60 cm. long, with about 40
segments, slightly filiferous; petioles slender, 50 cm, long or longer, the mar-
gins armed with short teeth; fruit globose, 2.5 cm. in diameter.
21Named for T. S. Brandegee (1843-) who has made large collections of
Mexican plants, chiefly in Baja California, but also in Sinaloa. He has pub-
lished several papers upon the plants of Baja California, which are our most
important sources of information upon the botanical features of that region.
He has published, also, papers dealing with plants from other parts of Mexico,
especially the recent collections obtained by C. A. Purpus. The Brandegee
Herbarium is at the University of California, but large numbers of the plants of
Mr. Brandegee’s collections are in the U. S. National Herbarium.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 75
5. Erythea edulis (Wendl.) S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 212. 1880.
Brahea edulis Wendl.; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 146. 1876.
Known only from Guadalupe Island, Baja California. Cultivated in south-
ern California.
Trunk sometimes 9 meters high and 37 cm. in diameter, covered with thick
corky cracked bark; petioles stout, unarmed; leaf blades about a meter long,
with 70 to 80 folds, tomentose at first; inflorescence 1.2 meters long, tomen-
tose; fruit about 2.5 cm. in diameter, with thick pulp.
The fruit clusters are said to weigh 40 to 50 pounds. The pulp of the fruit
is sweet and edible. ‘The buds also are eaten.
7. BRAHEA Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 243. 1836-50.
REFERENCE: Beccari, Webbia 2: 92-107. 1907.
Plants with tall unarmed trunks; leaves flabelliform, cleft into numerous
segments; fruit of 1 to 3 1-seeded carpels.
HrOMCL om OMECLALC-LELN ALC! == 2. on ae 2 SPR es ee ee 1. B. pimo.
Flowers solitary.
Branches of the inflorescence terete, stout, densely tomentose-velutinous,
the flowers partly immersed; leaves filiferous_________ 2. B. calcarea.
Branches of the inflorescence filiform, puberulent, the flowers sessile; leaves
CMON SEULOURES OY Sse ee oe ees Qe ee ater 38. B. dulcis.
‘1. Brahea pimo Bece. Webbia 2: 103. 1907.
Type from Monte de la Ventana, Michoacin or Guerrero.
Trunk 3 to 4 meters high; spadices about 40 cm. long, thrice branched.
imo.”
2. Brahea calcarea Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 319. 1836-50.
Described from mountains near Jalecomuleo, Veracruz, altitude about 600
. meters.
Trunk about 6 meters high, naked; petioles smooth; inflorescence about 25
cm. long, the branches flexuous, pendulous.
' 8. Brahea dulcis (H. B. K.) Mart. Nat. Hist. Palm. 3: 244. pl. 137, 162. 1836-50.
Corypha dulcis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 300. 1815.
Nuevo Leén to Sinaloa and Oaxaca; type from ‘“‘ La Moxonera et Alto de
las Caxas.” :
Trunk 2.5 to 6 meters high, or sometimes nearly obsolete, 15 to 20 cm.
thick, unarmed; leaves green or pale green, sparsely filiferous, the margins of
the petioles coarsely spine-toothed ; inflorescence 1.5 to 2.5 meters long, pendu-
lous, the branchlets very thick, tomentose; fruit globose, yellow, succulent ; seed
white, ovate, very hard. ‘“ Palmito’” (Durango, Nuevo Leén); “ cocaiste”
(Michoacan, Guerrero) ; ‘‘ palma apache” (Hidalgo, Puebla, Urbina) ; ‘ palma
dulce” (Puebla, Guerrero, Ramirez); “palma de sombrero,” ‘‘ palma soyal”
(Guerrero, Hidalgo); “soyale” (various localities, Ramirez); ‘ zoyate,”
“soyate” (Hidalgo, Jalisco, Oaxaca); “ palma de abanico” (Oaxaca) ;.“‘ yaga-
xifia’”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; ‘‘ yucu-teyeye,” “ yutnu-filun ” (Oaxaca, Mixtec,
Reko).
Wood very hard and heavy, used for frames of houses. Leaves used for
thatching. The fruit (known in Durango as “ michire” or ‘“ miche”) is sweet
and edible.
126651—20-—_6
76 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. PHOENIX L. Sp. Pl. 1188, 1753.
1. Phoenix dactylifera L. Sp. Pl. 1188. 1753.
Widely cultivated in Mexico and in some places, as in Baja California, grow-
ing without cultivation, perhaps on the sites of abandoned ranches. Native of
the Old World.
Trunk often 15 meters high or taller; leaves large, pinnate; fruit borne in
large panicles. Commonly known as ‘datil;” the name “ zoyacapulin” is
said to be applied also.
One of the best-known palms, grown for its fruit in most tropical regions.
The date palm was introduced into Mexico at an early period and is now
cultivated in many localities, chiefly in the more arid regions. Dates were
exported from Baja California in the early part of the nineteenth century, but
the amount now produced in Mexico is not very large. They could doubtless
be grown on a large scale in Sonora and Sinaloa, for the trees thrive in that
part of Mexico.
9. GEONOMA Willd. Mém. Acad. Sci. Berlin 1804: 37. 1807.
Trunk very short, covered by the sheaths of the petioles______ 1. G. mexicana.
Trnk«4.ito7#S:.meters: highs naked 222-2 ee oe ee 2. G. magnifica.
1. Geonoma mexicana Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 316. 1836-50.
Oaxaca, at about 900 meters; material from Veracruz perhaps belongs
here. :
Trunk very short; leaves interrupted-pinnatifid, bifid at the apex, the
pinnae subopposite, broadly lanceolate, long-acuminate; spadix pubescent, with
cernuous branches; fruit oblique-ellipsoid.
2. Geonoma magnifica Lind. & Wendl. Linnaea 28: 335. 1856.
Described from material collected between San Carlos and Macuspana, Ta-
basco. :
Trunk 4 to 8 meters high and 5 to 6 em. thick, annulate; leaves pinnatisect, —
the blade 2.5 meters long, 70 to 80 cm. wide, with 7 or 8 pairs of pinnae,
these broadly lanceolate, long-acuminate. ‘ Pujai.”
Hemsley reports* a third species from Oaxaca as Geonoma galeottiana
Wendl., but this name is unpublished.
10. CALYPTROGYNE Wendl. Bot. Zeit. 17: 72. 1859.
1. Calyptrogyne ghiesbreghtiana’ (Lind. & Wendl.) Wendl. Bot. Zeit. 17: 72.
1859.
Geonoma ghiesbreghtiana Lind. & Wendl. Linnaea 28: 348. 1856.
Chiapas.
* Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 408. 1885.
? August Ghiesbreght was born in Brussels in 1810. In 1836 he and Linden
were appointed by Leopold I to explore Brazil. In 1837, together with Linden
and Funck, he started for Mexico and reached Veracruz in January, 1838.
He accompanied Galeotti in his ascent of Orizaba, and also collected else-
where. He went to Europe in 18389, but returned to Mexico in the same year,
and with Linden visited Tabasco. In March, 1840, he accompanied his collee-
tions to Europe, but returned soon after, and botanized in various states, as-
cending the volcanoes of Colima, Jorullo, and Zempoaltepec. He took up his
residence in Tabasco, and explored that State as well as Chiapas. In 1857 he
again accompanied his collections to Europe, to return once more, however,
and establish himself in the city of Chiapas. His collections are found in
many of the herbaria of Europe and America.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. vari
Trunk short or almost none; rachis of the leaf 80 to 85 em. long, with 6
pairs of pinnae, these 50 to 65 ecm. long; inflorescence 1.2 to 1.5 meters long.
“ Guanito talis.”’
Leaves used for covering huts.
11. REINHARDTIA Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 8: 311. 1836-50.
1. Reinhardtia elegans Liebm.; Mart. Hist, Nat. Palm. 3: 311. 1836-50.
Oaxaca; type collected between Chuapan and Tiutalcingo.
Trunk slender, 6 meters high; leaves 1.5 to 1.8 meters long, horizontal, the
pinnae 30 to 45 cm. long, 1.2 cm. wide; inflorescence erect, a meter long,
branched; fruit oval, about 1.5 cm. long.
12. CHAMAEDOREA Willd. Sp. Pl. 47: 638. 1806.
Plants unarmed, erect or procumbent, with stout or very slender stems;
leaves pinnatisect, or simple and bifid at the apex; fruit small, of 1 to 8
earpels, dry or fleshy.
The Mexican species of this genus, as of most others of the family, are very
imperfectly known. Some of them were described from cultivated plants, and
all are poorly represented in herbaria. The following key, consequently, is
very imperfect.
The unopened flower spathes of various species are often cooked and eaten.
The following vernacular names are reported for some of the species: ‘‘ Tepe-
jilote” or ‘“tepexilotl (Nahuatl; Oaxaca, Morelos, Guerrero); “bom
cabalsih ” (Oaxaca, Veracruz, Ramirez) ; “ guaya de bajo,” “ guaya de cerro,”
“souayita” (Tabasco).
Interior perianth of the staminate flowers usually not stipitate; anthers
obliquely incumbent.
Caudex repent, short, dichotomous; pinnae linear___________ 1. C. martiana.
Caudex erect, elongate, simple; pinnae lanceolate.
Rinne tew about Sionseach sides ae es ee 2. C. alternans.
Pinnae numerous, 18 or more on each side.
Segments of the inner perianth acutish; branches of the staminate inflor-
ESCETICORIE Wyatt eaters ae eet ieee es ee tier pe OES eee 3. C. tepejilote.
Segments of the inner perianth very obtuse; branches of the staminate
IMLOLESCeENCe MUM CLOUS =e ee ee ee ee 4. C. wendlandiana.
Interior perianth of the staminate flowers connate at the base with the fila-
ments and rudimentary ovary to form a short stipe; anthers erect.
Perianth segments of both staminate and pistillate flowers valvate.
Interior perianth of the pistillate flowers of 3 distinct segments.
Leaves simple, bilobate or irregularly pinnatifid ; pistillate spadix simple.
5. C. ernesti-augusti.
Leaves pinnate; pistillate spadix branched______________- 6. C. sartorii.
Interior perianth of both staminate and pistillate flowers gamophyllous,
tridentate.
Mea vesmsim ploy) iiGd2 2-08. ee. be SU ee eee 7. C. stolonifera.
Leaves pinnate.
CAupeK very Short on sopsolete 2122) — asa) 8. C. humilis.
Caudex 2 to 3.5 meters high.
Pinnae 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, about 15 cm. long____-_____-~ 9. C. elegans.
Pinne about 2.5 cm. wide and 30 cm. long_-_-_- 10. C. liebmanni.
Perianth segments of the staminate flowers valvate, those of the pistillate-
flowers imbricate.
Fruit 3-celled. Pistillate spadices simple.
78 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Caudex procumbent ; leaves about 40 cm. long____11. C, pygmaea.
Caudex erect ; leaves more than 40 em. long.
Pinnae 12.5 to 17 cm. long, 6 to 8 mm. wide.
12. C. cataractarum.
Pinnae 30 cm. long, 2.5 to 3.38 em. wide________ 13. C. oreophila.
Fruit 1-celled.
Leaves simple, bifid; spadices simple______________ 14. C. tenella.
Teaves pinnate; spadices usually branched.
Caudex very long, flexuous, subcandent.
Pinnae partly hooked at the apex, some of them opposite.
15. C. elatior.
Pinnae not hooked at the apex, all alternate____16. C. affinis.
Caudex erect.
Pinnae few (5 to 12 on each side), trapezoid or oblong.
Staminate flowers oblong; segments of the inner perianth
freeat the apex 522 — Sit ee Sea 17. C. lunata.
Staminate flowers subglobose; segments of the inner peri-
* anth adnate at the apex. ;
Pinnae about 5 on each side___________ 18. C. lindeniana.
Pinnae 10 to 12 on each side__________ 19. C. schiedeana.
Pinnae numerous, elongate-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate.
Pinnae approximate in clusters aleng the rachis.
20. C. klotzschiana.
Pinnae evenly distributed along the rachis.
Leaf blades short, 45 to 60 cm. long______ 21. C. radicalis.
Leaf blades large, 1 to 2 meters long.
Pinnae 45 to 50 em. long, about 2.5 em. wide; caudex
VEL SHOnts 22> ee ee ee See 22. C. montana.
Pinnae about 30 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 em. wide; caudex
elongate.
Pinnae?3) to oi wide. 2 23. C. karwinskiana.
Pinnae 0.8 to 2 cm. wide.
< Pinnae about 2 cm. wide_____-_ 24. C. pochutlensis.
Pinnae about 1 em. wide_-_____ 25. C. graminifolia.
1. Chamaedorea martiana Wendl. Allg. Gartenz. 21: 137. 1853.
Native of Mexico, the locality not known.
Caudex short, repent, dichotomous; leaves long-petiolate, pinnate, the pinnae
numerous, small, linear; spadices short-pedunculate, simply branched.
2. Chamaedorea alternans Wendl. Gartenflora 29: 104. 1880.
Chiapas.
Caudex up to 3 meters high, 3 cm. thick, the nodes 4 to 8 cm. apart; leaves
4 or 5, 1.75 meters long, the petiole 35 cm. long, the blades pinnate, the pinnae
about 8 on each side, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, the middle ones 40 to 50
cm. long, 11 to 14 em. wide; pistillate spadix 40 to 50 cm. long, with 9 to 13
branches. 7
3. Chamaedorea tepejilote Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50.
Described from “ Matlaluca, 8S. Maria, Orizaba.”
Caudex 1.2 to 1.8 meters high, thick, closely annulate; leaf blades 1.2 meters
long, the pinnae 32 to 37 cm. long, 3.5 em. wide, numerous, alternate, narrowly
lanceolate, subfaleate, acute; spadices simply branched, borne among the
younger leaves; fruit oblong-ovoid, 16 mm, long, 6 mm. thick, black. ‘‘ Tepe-
jilote.”’
The unopened spathes are cooked and eaten like asparagus.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 79
4. Chamaedorea wendlandiana (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr, Amer, Bot. 3:
407. 1885.
Stephanostachys wendlandiana Oerst. Nat. For. Kjé6benhayn Vid. Medd.
1858: 28. 1859.
Oaxaca.
Leaves 1.2 meters long, the petiole 30 cm. long, the pinnae 18 to 20 on each
side, narrowly lanceolate, slightly faleate, long-acuminate, the middle ones 50
cm. long, 3.7 cm. wide or more; staminate spadix 45 cm. long, the peduncle 30 cm.
long, the spathes 7, chartaceous, greenish, the branches numerous, 15 cm. long;
pistillate spadix 25 cm. long, the few branches erect or ascending, 7.5 cm. long.
5. Chamaedorea ernesti-augusti Wendl. Allg. Gartenz. 20: 73. 1852.
Eleutheropetalum ernesti-augusti Oerst. Nat. For. Kjobenhayn Vid. Medd.
1858: 7. 1859.
Tabasco (type locality). Guatemala and Honduras.
Caudex elongate, erect, remotely annulate; leaves simple, ovate-oblong,
bifid or irregularly pinnatifid, coarsely serrate; pistillate spadix simple, strict,
equaling or longer than the leaves, the rachis thick and fleshy.
6. Chamaedorea sartorii* Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 8: 808. 1836-50.
Veracruz; type from Barranca de San Francisco, near Mirador, altitude 600
to 750 meters.
Caudex 2.5 to 4.2 meters high, annulate, covered above by the petiole bases;
leaf blades 90 to 105 cm. long, the pinnae 30 cm. long, 4 to 5 em. wide, alter-
nate, elongate-lanceolate, acuminate, faleate; spathes soon deciduous; spadices
borne between and below the fronds, simply branched, the branches of the
staminate inflorescence very long and pendulous; fruit oval, black, 12 mm.
long, 8 mm. thick.
7. Chamaedorea stolonifera Wendl.; Hook. f. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 118: pl.
7265. 1892.
Described from southern Mexico, the locality not known.
Caudices very slender, a meter high, very stoloniferous, forming dense tufts,
closely annulate; leaves terminal, 25 em. long, short-petiolate, the blades cleft
to below the middle into 2 oblong acute segments; spadices borne below the
leaves, the staminate with 5 or 6 spreading flexuous branches, these 7.5 to 12.5
em. long.
8. Chamaedorea humilis (Liebm.) Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50.
Collinia humilis Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1846: 8. 1846.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Colipa, Veracruz.
Dwarf, the caudex very short or obsolete, covered by the petiole sheaths;
leaves about 45 cm. long, the pinnae 15 em. long, 1 cm. wide, linear-lanceolate ;
spadices 20 to 30 cm. long, borne between and below the leaves simply
branched; fruit globose, black.
9. Chamaedorea elegans Mart. Linnaea 5: 204. 1830.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Barranca de Tioselo.
Caudex erect, 1.8 meters high, with numerous nodes; pinnae narrowly lan-
ceolate, acuminate, straight; spadix paniculate-branched; fruit globose.
Carl Sartorius, a native of Darmstadt, Germany, was obliged by political
conditions to leave his native country in 1826, and in 1830 he took refuge in
Mexico. He purchased land at Mirador, at the base of Mount Orizaba, and en-
gaged in agricultural pursuits. He made large collections of plants which are
deposited in various herbaria of Europe and the United States. His death
occurred in 1872.
80 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
10. Chamaedorea liebmanni* Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50.
Type from Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Caudex 3 to 3.5 meters high, erect, annulate; leaf blades 1 to 1.2 meters
long, the petioles 22 em. long, the pinnae elongate-lanceolate, 30 cm. long, 2.5
cm. wide, acuminate; spadices 45 em. long, twice-branched; fruit globose,
minute, black.
-11. Chamaedorea pygmaea Wendl. Allg. Gartenz. 20: 217. 1852.
Chiapas,
Caudex very short, procumbent; leaves short-petiolate, 40 to 42.5 em. long,
the pinnae 9 to 12 on each side, elongate-lanceolate; pistillate spadices 25 to
30 em. long. /
12. Chamaedorea cataractarum (Liebm.) Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 309.
1836-50.
Stachyphorbe cataractarum Liebm. Overs. Dansk, Vid.*Selsk. Forh. 1846: 8.
1846.
Oaxaca; type from Chinantla. °
-. Thirty to 60 cm. high, the caudex very short, included in the sheaths;
terminal leaves erect, the pinnae linear-lanceolate, acute, straight, alternate,
12.5 to 17 em. long, 6 to 8 mm. wide; spadices basal, shorter than the leaves;
fruit oval, black, the size of a pea.
13. Chamaedorea oreophila Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 309, 1836-50.
Type from mountains of Tepitonga, Oaxaca.
Caudex 7.5 to 10 cm. long, densely annulate; leaves erect-patent; 75 cm. long,
the pinnae 30 em. long, 2.5 to 3.8 cm. wide, alternate, elongate-lanceolate, acute,
straight; spadix 8 em. long, erect, borne among the leaves; fruit olive-like,
orange,
14. Chamaedorea tenella Wendl. Gartenflora 29: 102. 1880.
Nunnezharia tenella Hook. f. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 107: pl. 6584. 1881.
Described from cultivated plants of Mexican origin.
Plants very small, flowering when 17 to 23 cm. high but sometimes 1 meter
high, the caudex slender, rooting from the lower nodes; leaves short-petiolate,
10 to 20 em. long, 6 to 10 cm, wide, obovate-cblong, bifid for a third their
length, the lobes acute; spadices about as long as the whole plant, slender,
drooping, simple; fruit globose, 8 mm. in diameter, dark green or bluish black.
Hooker (loc. cit.) remarks that this is perhaps the smallest palm known.
15. Chamaedorea elatior Mart. Linnaea 5: 205. 1830.
Chamaedorea scandens Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Barranca de Tioselo.
Stem sometimes 3.5 meters high, 2.5 em. thick, flexuous and subscandent,
covered with petiole sheaths; basal leaves 2, persistent, flabellate-bifid, the
1¥Wrederick Michael Liebmann (1813-1856), a Dane, was sent by the Danish
Government to Mexico in 1840, in company with a gardener, Rathsack, to make
scientific collections, especially of living plants and seeds for the botanical
garden of Copenhagen. He landed at Veracruz in February, and with Kar-
winsky he explored that State, making his headquarters at Mirador. Later
he visited Puebla and Oaxaca, and in 1843 he returned to Copenhagen witt: his
collections, which consisted of 40,000 botanical specimens. He was appointed
professior of botany at Copenhagen in 1845 and director of the botanical gar-
den in 1849. He published numerous papers based upon his collections, and
after his death Oersted also published descriptions of some of the new species
discovered. His plants were distributed to many of the herbaria of Europe
and the United States.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 4)
cauline ones remote, 1.8 to 2.5 meters long, the pinnae numerous, 45 cm. long,
2.5 em. wide, alternate, elongate-lanceolate, long-acuminate; spadices lateral,
subappressed, pedunculate, simply branched ; fruit globose, black.
16. Chamaedorea affinis Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50.
Oaxaca; type from Chinantla.
Pinnae all alternate, the uppermost confluent; spathes 4, persistent.
17. Chamaedorea lunata Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 8: 307. 1836-50.
Type from Jicaltepec, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Caudex erect, 1.8 to 3.5 meters high, annulate, covered above with the leaf
sheaths; leaves 75 to 100 cm. long, the pinnae 30 em. long and 7.5 em. wide or
smaller, alternate, remote, broadly lanceolate, faleate, acuminate; spadices
simply branched, borne below the leaves, the branches very long, flexuous;
trnit elongate, curved, attenuate at each end, 12 to 14 mm. long.
18. Chamaedorea lindeniana Wendl. Allg. Gartenz. 21: 139. 1853. :
Native of Mexico, the locality not known; specimens from Veracruz are
perhaps referable here.
Pinnae 5 on each side, oblong-trapezoid, the middle ones 25 to 28 em. long, 10
to 11.5 em. wide, the lowest ones approximate, reflexed-patent, the upper con-
fluent; peduncle of the pistillate inflorescence 35 to 38 em. long, the rachis
7.5 to 10 em. long, the branches slender, subflexuous.
19. Chamaedorea schiedeana’* Mart. Linnaea 5: 204. 1830.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Guatemala.
Caudex about 1.8 meters high; petioles half as long as the blades, the
pinnae broadly lanceolate, faleate-cuspidate; spadices simply branched; fruit
globose, bluish black.
20. Chamaedorea klotzschiana Wendl. Ind. Palm. 63. 1854.
Native of Mexico, the locality not known.
Pinnae 15 to 18 on each side, elongate-lanceolate, acuminate, the middle
ones 30 em. long, 3.7 em. wide.
21. Chamaedorea radicalis Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50.
Type from the Sierra Madre, lat. 21° to 22° (Tepic or Jalisco).
Plant small, the caudex short, stoloniferous, covered with the petiole
sheaths; petioles shorter than the pinnae, the blades 45 to 60 cm. long, the
pinnae thickish, linear-acuminate; spathes 6; spadices subbasal, erect, few-
branched ; fruit globose, black, the size of a pea.
22. Chamaedorea montana Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836—50.
Type from Trapiche de la Concepcién, Oaxaca.
Caudex 30 cm. high or less, erect, closely annulate; petioles 45 to 60 cm. long,
the blades 1.5 to 2 meters long, the pinnae 45 to 50 em. long, 2.5 em. wide or
* Christian Julius Wilhelm Schiede (1798-1836), a German, studied natural
science, especially botany, at Berlin and G6éttingen, and, as a means of assist-
ance in his proposed botanical explorations, medicine. Accompanied by an-
other botanist, Deppe, he reached Mexico in 1828. The two spent about a year
in exploring the State of Veracruz, and obtained large collections of plants
and other objects. Schiede then took up the practice of medicine, which gave
him means to explore other regions of Mexico. His collections were studied
chiefly by Schlechtendal and Chamisso, who published numerous papers deal-
ing with them in Linnaea. Schiede himself published descriptions of some of
the new plants he discovered,,. as well as letters dealing with the general
aspects of Mexican vegetation. He died in the City of Mexico in 1836. His
plants were widely distributed, the most complete series being at Berlin; a
few are in the U. S. National Herbarium.
82 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
more, numerous, alternate or subopposite, rigid, narrowly lanceolate, acute,
cuspidate; spadices simply branched, erect, borne among the leaves, the
branches flexuous; fruit globose, small, thin-fleshed, black.
23. Chamaedorea karwinskiana Wendl. Allg. Gartenz. 21: 179. 1853.
Native of Mexico, the locality not known.
Caudex 50 cm. high or more, stoloniferous; leaves pinnate, the pinnae 27 to -
33 on each side, linear-lanceolate, 30 cm. long, 3 to 3.7 cm. wide; staminate
spadix 35 to 50 cm. long, the branches pendulous, the pistillate spadix 40 to
50 em. long, branched; fruit oblong, black.
24. Chamaedorea pochutlensis Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 308. 1836-50.
Type from Pochutla, Oaxaca.
Caudex 3 to 3.5 meters high, slender, closely annulate; fronds 1 to 1.2 meters
long, the pinnae 20 to 28 em. long, scarcely 2.5 em. wide, elongate-lanceolate,
straight, acute, spadices 45 cm. long, erect between the leaves, simply branched,
the branches very long, slender, pendulous.
25. Chamaedorea graminifolia Wendl. Ind. Palm. 62. 1854.
Specimens from Yucatén are referred here with doubt, Guatemala.
Pinnae 36 to 42 on each side, linear, about 25 to 30 cm. long and 1 ecm. wide,
straight ; staminate spadix 30 cm. long or more, the branches very long, flexuous,
pendulous. ‘“ Xiat” (Yucatéin). .
13. COCOS L. Sp. PI. 1188. 1753.
REFERENCES: Cook, The origin and distribution of the cocoa palm, Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 257-293. 1901; Cook, History of the coconut palm in Amer-
ica, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 14: 271-842. 1910; Beccari, The origin and dispersal
of Cocos nucifera, Philippine Journ. Sci. Bot, 12: 27-48. 1911.
1. Cocos nucifera L. Sp. Pl. 1188. 1753.
Common along both coasts of Mexico, often cultivated. Widely distributed
in tropical regions.
Trunk slender, sometimes 30 meters high with a diameter of 60 to 70 em.,
usually enlarged at the base, normally erect but often bent over by wind; leaves
pinnate, 3 to 6 meters long; flowers white, borne in large panicles. Known
commonly in Mexico as ‘“ coco,” ‘ cocotero,” “palma de coco,” and “ coco de
agua;” also as “coco de castillo.”
The best known and most important of all palms, of frequent occurrence
along the coasts of Mexico, growing normally in the immediate vicinity of salt
water. The trunks are used for building dwellings and for rafts and the leaves
for thatching. The meat of the nut is a favorite article of food and large
amounts are used for making “ dulces” or sweetmeats. The milk of the fresh
fruits is a refreshing drink and is said to have diuretic properties. The fruit
has the reputation, in Cuba and Yucataén, of expelling intestinal parasites.
On the west coast of Mexico, particularly in Colima, an intoxicating drink
ealled “tuba” is made from the sap obtained from the trunk or from the
inflorescences. This is sometimes flavored with pineapple, lemon, onion,
chile, or cinnamon, when it is known as “ tuba compostura.” The “tuba” is
distilled to obtain alcohol, and also furnishes vinegar.
The shells of the nuts are made-into cups and other articles. Oil is ex-
pressed from the meat, and small quantities of it have been exported from
Mexico,
In other regions of the world the different parts of the coco palm are em-
ployed for an infinite variety of purposes which it seems unnecessary to eun-
merate here.*
2 See Safford, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9: 233-243. 1905.
ss
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 83
14. ATTALEA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 309. 1815.
1. Attalea cohune Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 300. pl. 167. 1836-50.
Jalisco to Oaxaca and Yucatén, chiefly in the littoral regions. Central
America; type from Honduras.
Trunk often 50 to 60 meters high, when short usually covered with per-
sistent leaf bases; leaves very large, sometimes 7.5 meters long (said to be
even 18 meters long and 2.5 meters wide), gracefully recurved, pinnate, with
yery numerous segments; inflorescence 1.5 to 2 meters long; fruit resembling
a small coconut, about 7 cm. long, mamillate at the apex, subtended by the
accrescent perianth; seeds large, very oily. ‘‘Corozo” (Yucatan, Oaxaca,
Guatemala, Costa Rica); “palma de coquito de aceite,’ “coquino,’? “ coco
de aceite,’ “coquito” (Colima); “palma real,’ “corozo gallinazo” (Pan-
ama); ‘“cohune” (Honduras, Guatemala); “monaco,” “manaca” (QGuate-
mala) ; “coco de Guadalajara” (Chihuahua, in market).
The tallest and most showy of Mexican palms and one of the most im-
portant ones economically. The trunks are used for building purposes and the
leaves for thatching. From the trunk a liquor similar to that of the coco palm
is obtained. The flowers have a heavy, unpleasant odor, and attract bees and
wasps. The young bud or “ cabbage” is cooked and eaten, and in Costa Rica,
at least, the young leaves are used for making hats. The fruits, however, are
the most important part of the plant. They are much eaten by cattle, and the
seeds are used for human food, especially for the preparation of sweetmeats.
The seeds contain about 50 per cent of oil, which is extracted by pressure, and
is used chiefly for making soap, but also for candles, machine oil, etc. One
soap factory at Guaymas is said to have used 100,000 pounds of the oil a
year.
Two species of Cocos described from Mexico by Liebmann probably belong to
this genus. They may be synonyms of Attalea cohune, or they may represent
distinct species, for there is reason to believe that more than one species of
Attalea occurs in Mexico. Cocos regia Liebm. (Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 323.
1836-50) was based upon material from the mountains of eastern Mexico. C.
guacuyule Liebm. (Mart. loc. cit.) was collected near Guatulco, at an altitude
of 360 meters. The latter name has been much used in Mexican literature for
the plant here listed as Attalea cohune. The following vernacular names have
been reported: “ Coyol,” “ coyole,” “ guacoyul,” “ huiscoyul,” “ quacoyul.”
15. ACROCOMIA Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 66. 1823 (?).
1. Acrocomia mexicana Karw.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 285. pl. 138.
1836-50.
Sinaloa and southward along the Pacific coast; Yucatén; type from Teoxo-
muleco. Guatemala.
Trunk of medium height, very spiny; leaves pinnate, with numerous thin
narrow segments, these pale and more or less hispid beneath; rachis and petiole
of the leaf armed with very numerous long compressed blackish lustrous
spines; fruit globose, about 4 cm. in diameter: ‘“ Coyol” (Guerrero) ; ‘ co-
coyol” (Yucatan); “cocoyul” (Sinaloa, Guerrero); ‘“ guacoyul” (Oaxaca ;
from the Nahuatl, “ cuau-coyotli’”’) ; “ coquito baboso” (Oaxaca).
The fruit is edible and is often found in the markets. It is said that an in-
toxicating liquor is made from it.
16. ASTROCARYUM Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 265. 1818.
1. Astrocaryum mexicanum Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 323. 1836-50.
Veracruz and Oaxaca (type locality).
84 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Trunk 1.2 to 1.8 meters high, densely covered with black spines; petiole and
rachis densely spiny, the blades pinnate, the pinnae broadly linear; spathes
densely spiny; inflorescence spicate; fruit fusiform, beaked, densely spiny.
“Choc6én ” (Veracruz).
17. BACTRIS Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 271. 1763.
Plants usually low, the stems unarmed or often covered with long spines;
leaves pinnatisect, the petioles usually spiny ; flowers monoecious; fruit 1-celled,
1-seeded, the pericarp fleshy.
Petiole and rachis of the leaf unarmed__-___________________ 1. B. acuminata.
Petiole -and rachis armed with long spines.
HruitclopOSe; Unarmed i. ee Se Tider Oa eee 2. B. baculifera.
Fruit obovoid, ovoid, or turbinate.
Kruite densely prickly es ee ee a ee ee 3. B. cohune.
Suita armed ee ee ae eS eS ee 4. B. mexicana.
1. Bactris acuminata Liebm.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 321. 1836-50.
Described from Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Petiole and rachis unarmed, the pinnae elongate-lanceolate or the upper ones
elongate-obovate, linear-acuminate, black-aculeate beneath.
2. Bactris baculifera Karw.; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 322. 1836-50.
Type from Jicaltepec, Veracruz.
Cespitose; trunk 2.5 to 2.7 meters high, the internodes about 20 cm. long,
armed with numerous compressed spines 7 to 13 em. long; petiole and rachis
spiny; fruit globose, unarmed.
Wood very hard; said to be used for canes, ete.
3. Bactris cohune S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 467. 1886.
Material from Tabasco probably belongs to this species. Originally described
from Guatemala.
Trunk 1.8 to 4.5 meters high, straight, slender, densely spiny, covered with
the persistent sheaths of old leaves; leaves pale beneath, the petiole and rachis
very spiny, the pinnae linear, often a meter long, aculeolate on the margin;
spathes tomentose and spiny; fruit obovoid, nearly 5 ecm. long, prickly.
“Cocoyol de jauacte” (Tabasco).
Fruit edible.
4. Bactris mexicana Mart. Palm. Orbign. 65. 1847.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jicaltepec, Veracruz.
Trunk of medium height, very spiny; petiole and rachis armed with numer-
ous long slender black spines, the pinnae lance-linear, aculeate-ciliate, paler
beneath; spathe very prickly; fruit shaped like an acorn, about 2.5 cm. long,
surrounded at the base by the cuplike perianth. ‘‘Palma de garroche”
(Oaxaca) ; the “ quauhcoyolli ” of Hernandez, according to Martius.
18. DESMONCUS Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 2: 84. 1824(?).
1. Desmoncus chinantlensis Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 321. 1836-50.
Forests of Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Trunk stout, flexuous, subscandent, very densely setose-aculeate; leaves re-
mote, the petioles sheathing, spiny, the blades pinnate, with elliptic pinnae;
peduncles densely retrose-spiny ; fruit obovoid-globose.
Plants of this genus are said to be known in Tabasco as “balli” and
“ matambilla,” but perhaps these names apply rather to species of Bactris.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 85
9. ARACEAE. Arum Family.
REFERENCES : Engler in DC. Monogr. Phan. 2. 1879; Engler, Pflanzenreich IV.
23. 1905-1913.
Plants glabrous; leaves alternate, distichous, or spirally arranged, entire or
lobate; flowers small, perfect or monoecious, crowded on a simple spadix, this
usually surrounded by a spathe, the whole inflorescence resembling a single
flower; fruit baccate.
A large family, with numerous species in Mexico. Most of the plants, how-
ever, are wholly herbaceous, and often acaulescent. The species taken up here
scarcely deserve to rank as shrubs, but they have long, coarse, epiphytic,
scandent stems, which give them the general appearance, at least, of shrubs.
The leaves in this family usually contain crystals of calcium oxalate, which
penetrate the tongue when a piece is chewed, causing pain and swelling.
Flowers all fertile, or a few at the base of the spike unisexual; leaves often
MELLOca te Ou Ors PLN a til Cee ce ote ee i ee 1. MONSTERA.
Flowers monoecious, the upper ones staminate, the lower pistillate; leaves not
perforated.
Ovaries distinct, 2 to 10-celled ; seeds with endosperm__2. PHILODENDRON.
Ovaries coherent, 1 or 2-celled ; seeds without endosperm__8. SYNGONIUM.
1. MONSTERA Adans. Fam, Pl. 2: 470. 1763.
Scandent branched shrubs, the branches rooting; leaves distichous, entire or
pinnatifid, often with large perforations; flowers perfect.
Mexepindes recdlarly pinnatifid |». oe 2.0 cs 1. M. deliciosa.
Leaf blades never regularly pinnatifid, with large openings.
Openings biseriate or triseriate along the costa____________ 2. M. punctulata.
Openings irregularly scattered or uniseriate.
Spadix oblong, about half as long as the spathe___3. M. pertusa jacquinii.
Spadix broadly ovoid, only slightly shorter than the spathe.
4. M. karwinskyi.
1. Monstera deliciosa Liebm. Nat. For. Kj6benhayn Vid. Medd. 1849: 19. 1849.
Monstera lennae C. Koch, Bot. Zeit. 1852: 277. 1852.
Forests of Oaxaca (type locality) and Veracruz. Guatemala.
Stems terete, 6 meters long and 6 cm. thick or larger, sending out long roots
from the nodes; leaf blades 40 to 60 cm. broad, with numerous narrow lobes;
spadix 17 to 20 cm. long; berries pale yellow, spotted with violet. ‘‘ Pifianona ”’
(Oaxaca).
The fruiting spadices are edible.
.2. Monstera punctulata Schott; Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 2: 259. 1879.
Anadendron punctulatum Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 393. 1860.
Reported from Mexico, the locality not stated. Type locality uncertain but
probably somewhere in Central America.
Leaf blades ovate, 60 to 70 cm. long, with numerous perforations.
3. Monstera pertusa jacquinii (Schott) Hngl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 37: 113.
1878.
Monstera jacquinii Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 1854: 66. 1854.
Forests of Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, and northern South
America. ;
Stems high-climbing, 1 to 3 em. thick; leaf blades ovate, 30 to 40 cm. long,
with few large perforations.
86 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Monstera karwinskyi Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 9: 99. 1859.
Monstera egregia Schott; Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 2: 260. 1879.
Forests of Veracruz; type collected between Colipa and Papantla.
Stems high-climbing, 2 to 3 em. thick; leaf blades obliquely oblong, 40 to 50
em. long.
2. PHILODENDRON Schott; Schott & Endl. Melet. Bot. 1: 19. 1832.
Plants scandent, the leafy stems rooting at the. nodes; leaves entire or
lobate, thick, with persistent sheaths; flowers monoecious.
Leaves acute at the base, entire.
Leaf sheath arising slightly below the blade, long-produced___1. P. seguine.
Leaf sheath arising far below the blade______________ 2. P. inaequilaterum.
‘Leaves either sagittate or cordate or lobate.
Leaves parted or lobed.
Leaves 3-parted.
Ovules several in each Py) | SR A Sei gi De ee ts A Sd alt 9. P. anisotomum.
Ovuiles Solitary 22 eS ee et eee 10. P. fenzlii.
Leaves incised or pinnatifid.
heavyessovater ins Outline © 0.8. Ft ee ee ee 11. P. radiatum.
WMeAVeS sl OUnG C= 52 e eee he eee ee 12. P. polytomum.
Leaves neither parted nor lobed.
Ovules solitary.
Pefiole terete: she ye Se se ge ee 7. P. subovatum.
Petiole flattened” abovess= = 22 =o eee a ae eee 8. P. advena.
Ovules 2 to 5 in each cell.
Leaves thin, usually pellucid-striolate_______________ 6. P. mexicanum.
Leaves subcoriaceous, not pellucid-striolate.
Petioles crete se eae ee ee 5. P. sanguineum.
Petioles flattened or sulcate on the anterior side.
Petioles flattened on the anterior side__________ 3. P. sagittifolium.
Petioles suleate on the anterior side______-_-______ 4. P. daemonum.
1. Philodendron seguine Schott, Bonplandia 1859: 164. 1859.
Forests of Oaxaca. .
Branches 6 to 8 mm. thick; leaf blades narrowly oblong, 15 to 20 cm. long,
4 to 4.5 cm. wide.
2. Philodendron inaequilaterum Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd.
1850: 16. 1850.
Pital, Veracruz, the type locality.
Leaf blades oblong-ovate, 20 to 32 cm. long, 10 to 18 cm. wide.
8. Philodendron sagittifolium Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1850:
17. 1850.
Philodendron tanyphyllum Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid, 273. 1860.
Veracruz to Morelos.
Stems high-climbing, 2.5 to 3 cm. thick; leaf blades sagittate, 30 to 50 cm.
long; spathe green outside, purplish within; berries dull yellow.
4. Philodendron daemonum Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1850:
17. 1850.
Veracruz, the type from Colipa.
Leaf blades cordate-hastate, 28 to 35 cm, long.
5. Philodendron sanguineum Regel, Gartenflora 1869: 197. pl. 621. 1869.
Forests of Veracruz, the type from the Valley of Cérdoba.
Leaf blades elongate-sagittate, 20 to 30 cm. long; spathes green, 13 to 15 cm.
long. .
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 87
6. Philodendron mexicanum Engl. in Mart, FI. Bras. 37: 143. 1878.
Valley of Cordoba, Veracruz.
Leaf blades elongate-hastate, 30 to 36 em. long.
7. Philodendron subovatum Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 1855: 289. 1855.
Southern Mexico, the locality not indicated.
Stems scandent; leaf blades cordate-ovate, 25 to 35 cm. long, 24 to 30 ecm.
wide.
8. Philodendron advena Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 1855: 289, 1855.
Southern Mexico, the locality not indicated.
Stems scandent; leaf blades broadly cordate-ovate, 35 cm. long, 20: to 26 cm.
wide; spathes green outside, purple within; berries stramineous.
9. Philodendron anisotomum Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 1858: 179. 1858.
Philodendron affine Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 37. 1878.
Morelos to Chiapas. Guatemala.
Stems repent or scandent, rooting at the nodes; leaf blades 3-parted.
10. Philodendron fenzlii Engl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 37: 144. 1878.
Morelos and probably elsewhere in Mexico.
Caudex scandent, 1 to 1.2 em. thick; leaves 3-parted.
11. Philodendron radiatum Schott, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 3: 378. 1853.
Forests of Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Stems stout, scandent; leaf blades deeply pinnatifid; spathes green or pur-
plish outside, pale purple within.
12. Philodendron polytomum Schott, Bonplandia 7: 164. 1859.
Forests of Veracruz; type from Colipa.
Leaf blades deeply pinnatifid, 60 to 70 cm. long, 60 to 65 cm. wide.
3. SYNGONIUM Schott, Wien. Zeitschr. 3: 780. 1829.
Scandent shrubs, the stems rooting at the nodes; leaves petiolate, the primary
ones sagittate, the adult ones 8 to 9-lobate, the petiole elongate, with an
accrescent persistent sheath; flowers monoecious, the peduncles short, solitary
or fasciculate, the spadix much shorter than the spathe.
Tube of the spathe narrowly cylindric; lateral nerves of the leaves ascending
Sietaatho eof ADOUt -GO>. soe 2 ee ee 1. S. auritum.
Tube of the spathe oblong-ovoid; lateral nerves ascending at an angle of 30
CO EEE aya ap i ER CES NN ca a Sean a CE 2. S. podophyllum.
1. Syngonium auritum (L.) Schott; Schott & Endl. Melet. Bot. 1: 19. 1832.
Arum auritum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1871. 1763.
Syngonium neglectum Schott, Bonplandia 1859: 163. 1859.
Veracruz to Morelos. Jamaica.
2. Syngonium podophyllum Schott, Prodr. Syst. Aroid. 68. 1856.
Veracruz. El Salvador.
10. LILIACEAE. Lily Family.t
The Mexican species treated here are trees or shrubs, sometimes acaulescent
but often with thick, simple or branched trunks; the leaves are either linear or
dagger-shaped, usually stiff and rigid, sometimes with spiny margins; the
flowers are either small or large and showy.
*The writer is under obligations to Dr. William Trelease for generous assist-
ance in the preparation of the account of this family.
88 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Ovules numerous in each cell; flowers large, perfect.
Flowers searcely 1.5 em. wide, greenish; anthers oblong__1. HESPERALOE.
Flowers 5 to 10 em. wide, white or yellow; anthers short-sagittate.
Style wiliform; "stiemapapillate == =e ee 2. HESPEROYUCCA.
Style stout; stigma not papillate.
Perianth gamophyllous, tubular below, the stamens inserted in the throat.
3. SAMUELA.
Perianth polyphyllous or nearly so, campanulate, the stamens inserted at
CHOP DASE Soe ae eee ee Te ee A ee ee a ar A 4. YUCCA.
Ovules 2 or 3 in each cell; flowers small, unisexual.
‘Ovary 3-celled; fruit exalate.
HruiG deeply. s-lobate; often inflatedi= = = eee 5. NOLINA.
Taie(aulie waKeyes Iho orecoh Cope away aly ep MN a eR Te 6. CALIBANUS.
Ovary 1-celled; fruit 3-winged.
Perianth segments entire; leaves somewhat ribbed, the margins not prickly.
7. BEAUCARNEA.
Perianth segments denticulate; leaves not ribbed, the margins usually
) 0) ch Ke) cal byy(— ae eae Reb va oi RMENL Seni 2 iin by AE nr 8. DASYLIRION.
1. HESPERALOE Engelm.; S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 497. 1871.
REFERENCE: Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 29-38. pl. 1-4. 1902.
Plants acaulescent or nearly so; leaves linear, with filiferous margins;
inflorescence paniculate, with few branches.
Hlowersisreens-tinged with purplela= a ee eee 1. H. funifera.
Flowers rosy red or salmon-colored___-___-____-________-_____ 2. H. parviflora.
1. Hesperaloe funifera (Koch) Tre]. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14: 36. 1902.
Yucca, funifera Koch, Belg. Hort. 12: 182. 1862.
Hesperaloe davyi Baker, Kew Bull. 1898: 226. 1898.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosi; described from cultivated plants.
Leaves sometimes nearly 2 meters long and 4 em. wide; inflorescence 2 to 2.5
meters high, the flowers campanulate, about 2.5 em. long; capsule 2.5 to 5 em.
long, with large flat black seeds. ‘“‘ Samandoque.”
The plant is said to be planted in Nuevo Leén for the fiber obtained from
the leaves. The fiber is long and of excellent quality. It is exported as
‘SExbli Or -Lampico fiber.’
2. Hesperaloe parviflora (Torr.) Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 2: 486, 1894.
Yucca parviflora Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 221, 1859.
Aloe yuccaefolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 390. 1867.
Hesperaloe yuccaefolia Engelm.; S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par, 5:
497. 1871
Southwestern Texas, the type collected between the mouth of the Pecos and
the Nueces. There is little doubt that the species occurs also on the Mexican
side of the Rio Grande, in Coahuila.
Leaves 1 to 1.25 meters long, about 2.5 em, wide; inflorescence 1 to 1.25
meters high; flowers about 3.5 cm. long; capsule 2.5 cm. long or larger.
2. HESPEROYUCCA (Engelm.) Baker, Kew Bull. 1892: 8. 1892.
REFERENCE: Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard, 18: 38-41. pl. 4, 5. 1902.
1. Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr.) Baker, Kew Bull. 1892: 8. 1892.
Yucca whipplei Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot, 222. 1859,
Mountain slopes, Baja California. California; type from Pasqual.
Plants acaulescent or nearly so; leaves linear, stiff, 0.8 to 1 meter long, 1.5
cm. wide, sharp-pointed, glaucous; inflorescence 2 to 5 meters high, dense, the
flowers white, pendent, fragrant; capsule about 5 cm, long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 89
_ The leaves are said to give a fine, strong fiber. The flowers were eaten
formerly by the California Indians, and Palmer states that the seeds, also,
were ground and eaten, either raw or in the form of porridge.
3. SAMUELA Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 116. 1902.
Trees with thick, simple or branched trunks; leaves dagger-shaped, sharp-
pointed, coarsely filiferous; flowers white, in large dense panicles.
Periantm tube conic, less’ than 1 cm. long —_ = se 1. S. faxoniana.
Bemanth cube cylindric, 1:2 to 1:5 em. long=_- 22 2. S. carnerosana.
1. Samuela faxoniana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 117. 1902.
Western Texas (type from Sierra Blanca), and doubtless extending into
Chihuahua.
Trunk 1.5 to 5 meters high, 30 to 60 em. thick, simple or with a few branches
at the top; leaves 1 to 1.25 meters long, 5 to 7.5 em. wide; fruit baccate, 2.5 to
7.5 cm. long.
2. Samuela carnerosana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 118. 1902.
Dry plains and mountain sides, Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, San Luis Potosi, and
Zacatecas; type from Carneros Pass.
Trunk 1.5 to 6 meters high, simple or rarely branched, 70 cm. or less in
diameter ; fruit 5 to 7.5 em. long, 4 em. thick. ‘‘ Palma samandoca’”’ (Coahuila,
Zacatecas).
The large trunks are used for fences.or for the walls of houses, and some-
times they are split open so that the soft interior may be eaten by stock. The
large flower panicles are eaten greedily by cattle and are sometimes gathered
for this purpose. The immature inflorescences are used also for human food,
boiled or roasted. The leaves yield a fiber (known in Zacatecas as “ palma
ixtle” fiber) useful for cordage. The pulpy, sweet but somewhat bitter fruits
are eaten by people as well as by wild and domestic animals.
4. YUCCA L. Sp. Pl. 319. 1753.
REFERENCES: Trelease, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 27-133. pl. 1-99. 1902; op.
cit. 18: 225-2380. pl. 12-17. 1907.
The plants of this genus are distributed nearly throughout Mexico, but are
most abundant in the more arid regions east of the western Sierra Madre,
where they are often the dominant feature of the landscape. Yuccas are of im-
portance from an economic standpoint, although much less so than the genus
Agave.
The most important product is the fiber obtained from the leaves, which,
however, is usually coarse and shorter than is desirable in commercial fiber.
It is extracted usually in a crude fashion, and is an article of export. It may
be that in time its extraction will be of considerable importance commercially.
During the war-shortage of raw materials this fiber has acquired considerable
value in the southwestern United States, especially that of Yucca elata. The
fiber is much used locally for cordage, and it has been woven into mats and
cloth by the Indians of Mexico and the United States. It is said that the cloth
(“ayate”) bearing the famous likeness of Our Lady of Guadalupe is made
of Yucca fiber, but this may be incorrect.
The trunks of the arborescent species are often used for stockades and_ for
walls of houses, and the leaves are used for thatching. Paper can be made from
the fiber of the trunks and leaves.
The plants possess the saponifying properties of the genus Agave. The roots
(under the name “amole’”’) are used widely for washing clothing, the hair,
ete., and they have been used in the United States in the manufacture of fine
90 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
toilet soap. An extract of the roots has been employed to produce foam in
beverages.
The plants are of some importance as forage, chiefly in times of severe
drought, when cattle often eat the stiff leaves. The flower panicles are much
eaten by cattle. The flowers, either in bud or just after they have opened, have
long been an article of human food in Mexico and they are frequently found in
the markets at the present time. They are eaten raw as a salad, or are cooked
in various ways, and are sometimes made into a conserve. They are slightly
bitter and are reputed to have tonic properties.
The fruits of those species with baccate fruit, usually known as “ datiles,”
are eaten by birds and mammals and by man. They contain much sugar but are
more or less bitter. They are eaten either raw or cooked, and some of the
Indians, of the United States at least, dried them for use in winter. The fruits
are also fermented and sometimes distilled to produce an alcoholic beverage.
Various statements are made concerning the seeds. Palmer reports that the
Indians used them for food. Others state that they are purgative, while Cer-
vantes says that they are useful for the treatment of dysentery.
Many of the species of Yucca are used as ornamental plants, especially in
arid regions. They are admirably suited for this purpose because of their
showy flowers and striking palmlike appearance.
Fruit dehiscent, erect.
Leaves filiferous along the white margins. Plants with a tall trunk.
j 1..-¥,. elatas
Leaves minutely denticulate on the margins, not filiferous.
Capsule beaked, the valves rounded on the back.
Leaves about 60 cm. long; trunk about 3 meters tall______ 4. Y. rostrata.
Leaves 20 to rarely 35 cm. long; trunk 1 meter high or less.
5. Y. thompsoniana.
Capsule mucronate, the valves flat on the back.
Plants with aceall serymnye eeek RCe g ae Neertieen Cre les a 2. Y. rigida.
Plants acaulescent Seesises 2 ee Bee ene = ee ee nd 3. Y. rupicola.
Fruit indehiscent, baccate, pendent.
Fruit without a core, the pulp purple; ovary stalked. Leaves sharply den-
PLCULACE Y DUE ILO te LUE CTs eee ae ee 6. Y. aloifolia.
Fruit with a papery core, the pulp greenish or whitish; ovary sessile.
eaves. not’ Alifer ous = se eee eee ee soe ye ae ee 7. Y. elephantipes.
Leaves filiferous.
Margins of the leaves denticulate at first. Leaves thick and firm, often
TOU es = ie RE RE aE ce CR CENTER 8. Y. treculeana.
Margins of the leaves not denticulate.
Leaves thin, flexible, smooth, the filaments slender.
Leaves 2 to 4 cm. wide; trunk nearly simple______ 9. Y. schottii.
Leaves 7.5 em. wide; trunk much branched_---~~_ 10. Y. jaliscensis.
Leaves thick, rigid, the filaments usually coarse.
Leaves usually less than 2.5 em. wide, smooth; trunk usually less
than’ 2 ‘meters high! s= 2 ea eee 11. Y. treleasei.
Leaves 2.5 cm. wide or wider, often rough; trunk usually more than
2 meters high.
Leaves usually 2 to 4 em. wide, smooth.
Plants acaulescent ss eee eee ee 12. Y. endlichiana,
Plants with an elongate trunk.
Panicles narrow, pendents_—-__-__~-—-______ 13. Y. australis.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. OT
Panicles broad, not pendent.
Weaveseidy toms Jem: longs. oie. ves Ses 14. Y. valida.
Leaves 30 to 60 em. ‘long.
Panicles glabrous or the pedicels puberulent.
15. Y. decipiens.
Panicles-tomentoses=218 2. eu a eee 16. Y. periculosa.
Leaves 4 to 5 cm. wide, rough.
SHYVlELelO Moa tee keene Mi tee re ee Pee 17. Y. macrocarpa.
SiyleRVeLysShortis” sete ie ee 18. Y. mohavensis.
ate Yucca elata Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 7: 17. 1882.
Yucca angustifolia radiosa Engelm. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 496. 1871.
Yucca radiosa Trel. Rep, Mo. Bot. Gard, 3: 163. 1892.
Dry plains, Chihuahua. Western Texas to Arizona.
Trunk simple or branched, sometimes 7 meters high; leaves very numerous,
usually 3 to 10 mm. wide, long and very slender, with white margins; inflores-
cence glabrous; flowers white, campanulate. ‘“ Palmilla” (New Mexico).
2. Yucca rigida (Engelm.) Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot, Gard. 13: 65. 1902.
Yucca rupicola rigida Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 49. 1873.
Chihuahua, Durango, and Zacatecas; perhaps also in Coahuila; type from
between Mapimi and Guajuquilla.
Trunk simple or branched, sometimes 5 meters high; leaves thin, flat,
glaucous, 30 to 60 cm. long, 2 to 3 em, wide, rather stiff, sharp-pointed, with
yellow margins; inflorescence glabrous; capsule about 5 cm. long. ‘ Palma
San José (Zacatecas) ; ‘‘palmita’” (Durango) ; “ palmilla.”
A form with smooth, entire-margined leaves is var. imermis Trel. (Rep. Mo.
Bot. Gard. 22: 102. 1911).
8. Yucca rupicola Scheele, Linnaea 23: 143, 1850.
Western Texas and doubtless in adjacent Mexico.
Plants acaulescent; leaves 30 to 50 cm. long, 2.5 to 3 em. wide, glaucous,
with brown or yellowish margins; inflorescence glabrous; flowers white or
greenish.
A form with smooth-edged leaves is var. edentata Trel. (Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard.
22: 102. 1911)..
4. Yucca rostrata Engelm.; Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 68. 1902.
Chihuahua and Coahuila; type from Monclova, Coahuila.
Trunk simple or branched 3 meters high or less, 15 to 20 em. in diameter,
the wood very soft and spongy; leaves about 1 ecm. wide, somewhat glaucous,
striate, rather stiff, very pungent, with yellow margins; inflorescence glabrous,
0.5 to 1 meter long, the flowers large, pendent, white, rarely tinged with purple;
eapsule about 5 em. long. ‘ Soyate” (Coahuila) ; “‘ palmita.”
5. Yucca thompsoniana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 101. pl. 104-107. 1911.
Coahuila; type from Bufatello. Western Texas.
Flowering while stemless, but in age with a trunk a meter high; leaves 35
em. long and 1 cm. wide or smaller, nearly flat, rigid, bluish or somewhat glau-
“cous, pungent, usually roughened on the back; flowers about 4 em. long; fruit 4
em. long.
6. Yucca aloifolia L. Sp. Pl. 319. 1753.
Yucca serrulata Haw. Suppl. Pl. Suce. 32. 1819.
Veracruz, Morelos, and Yucatén; sometimes cultivated for ornament. West
Indies ; Gulf coast of the United States.
126651—20.
92 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Trunk slender, branched or nearly simple, short; leaves distributed along the
stem, flat, rigid, brown-pointed; flowers creamy white, tinged with green or
purple near the base; fruit baccate, nearly black, with purplish black pulp.
Ramirez gives the common names as “ iczotli” and “ izote.” ;
A form with clustered trunks sometimes 7 meters high, and with tomentose
inflorescence, is var. yucatana (Engelm.) Trel. (Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 13: 93.
1902; Y. yucatana Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 37. 1873). It is known
only from Yucatan.
7. Yucca elephantipes Regel, Gartenflora 8: 35. 1859.
Yucca guatemalensis Baker, Ref. Bot. 5: pl. 313. 1872.
Veracruz, Morelos, ete., the type apparently from Veracruz. Extensively
cultivated in Guatemala.
Often 8 to 10 meters high, compactly branched above, the trunk from a
swollen base, the bark rough; leaves 50 to 100 cm. long, 5 to 7 em. wide, green,
lustrous, not at all pungent, with very slightly scabrid margin; flowers white or
creamy white. “ Palmita,” ‘“‘datiles” (fruits), ‘“ palma” (Veracruz) ; “itabo”
(Costa Rica) ; “izote’”’ (Veracruz, Guatemala, Honduras).
Extensively cultivated, especially in Central America, as a hedge plant.
The flowers are prized as an article of food, and are often found in the markets.
They are usually fried with eggs.
8. Yucca treculeana Carr. Rev. Hort. 1858: 580. 1858.
Yucca aspera Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1858: 24. 1858.
Coahuila and Durango to Tamaulipas. Texas.
Trunk usually less than 5 meters high, simple or sparsely branched; leaves
0.9 to 1.25 meters long, 2.5 to 5 em. wide, bluish green, thick, rough, concave,
pungent, brown-margined; flowers white, sometimes tinged with purple.
“Palma pita” or “palma de datiles (Tamaulipas); “palma loca” (Nuevo
Leén and elsewhere).
The leaves yield a coarse fiber which is used extensively. Palmer reports
that the seeds are reputed purgative. The broader-leaved, larger-flowered
form is var. canaliculata Trel. (Y. canaliculata Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. III.
16: pl. 5201. 1860).
9. Yucca schottii* Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 46. 1873.
Dry plains and hillsides, northern Chihuahua and Sonora. Southern Arizona
and Sonora; type from Santa Cruz River, Arizona.
Trunk 2 meters high or rarely larger, simple or nearly so; leaves 2 to 4 em.
wide, bluish green, smooth, thin, concave, pungent, very finely filiferous;
inflorescence usually tomentose; fruit sometimes 10 cm. long.
10. Yucca jaliscensis Trel., sp. nov.
Yucca schottii jaliscensis Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 99. 1902.
Jalisco; type from Zapotlan.
*Arthur Carl Victor Schott (1814-1875), a native of Germany, came to the
United States in 1850. He was appointed a member of the scientific corps of
the commission to establish the boundary between the United States and
Mexico, and in the course of his work made large botanical collections. In~™
1864 he was commissioned by the governor of Yucatin to make a geological
survey of that State, and here, also, he secured botanical collections. The
most complete representation of his Yucatén plants is in the herbarium of the
Field Museum of Natural History, but many of his specimens are in the U. S.
National Herbarium. :
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 93
About 8 meters high, freely branched; leaves about 75 cm. long and ‘7.5 em.
wide, thin, blue-green. ‘“ Isote.”
The fiber extracted from the leaves is fine and of good quality.
11. Yucca treleasei Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser, 56: 15, 1918.
Yucca brevifolia Schott; Torr. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 221. 1859, as synonym.
Not Y. brevifolia Engelm, 1871.
Region of Nogales, Arizona (the type locality), and doubtless in adjacent
Sonora.
Trunk 2.5 meters high or less, or often wanting; leaves about 75 cm. long,
usually 2 to 8 cm. wide, green, smooth, thick and stiff, faleate, the margins
freely filiferous.
12. Yucca endlichiana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 229. 1907.
Coahuila; type from Marte.
Acaulescent ; leaves about 50 cm. long and 1.5 em. wide, erect, fleshy, V-shaped,
smooth, pungent, bluish green, finely filiferous; flowers creamy white or pur-
plish, about 1.5 em. long; fruit pendent, 2.5 to 3 em. long, with thin flesh.
PePitiila.”
The leaves furnish fiber of excellent quality; it is considered superior to
that of “ lechuguilla.”
13. Yucca australis (Engelm.) Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 3: 162. 1892.
Yueca baccata australis Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 44. 1873.
Coahuila (type locality) to Tamaulipas and Querétaro, perhaps extending to
the Distrito Federal; often forming forests. ;
Large, much branched tree, sometimes 10 meters high or more; leaves about
30 cm. long and 2.5 em. wide, or sometimes larger, green, stiff, coarsely filifer-
ous; inflorescence pendent, glabrous; flowers creamy white. “Palma” (San
Luis Potosi and elsewhere) ; “ palma corriente” (Querétaro) ; “izote” (Valley
of Mexico, perhaps only cultivated there). Known also in various localities
as “palma de San Pedro” and “palma samandoca” or “palma samondoea.”
The hollowed trunks are used sometimes for beehives. The leaves give a
fiber useful for cordage, and the fiber is sometimes dipped in pitch to make
torches for use in mines. The young stems and leaves have been distilled to
obtain alcohol. The spongy interior of the trunk is cut into long strips, beaten
flat, washed in running water, and made into mats which are used as pads
*(“sudaderos’’) for pack animals. The fiber forms a part of the exported
“ixtle” or “ Tampico fiber.”
14. Yucca valida T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 208. pl. 11. 1889.
Southern Baja California.
Usually 4.5 to 6 meters high, branched, the trunks 20 to 60 cm. or more in
diameter ; leaves distributed along the stem, 15 to 23 em. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide,
thin, smooth, with whitish threads; panicle somewhat pubescent, not pendent;
flowers creamy white.
15. Yucca decipiens Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 228. 1907.
Durango to San Luis Potosi; type from Gutiérrez, Zacatecas. -
Arborescent, 8 to 10 meters high, much branched above, the trunk sometimes
2 meters thick, covered with very rough bark; leaves 30 to 60 em. long, 1 to 4
_em. wide, heavily pointed, finely or coarsely filiferous; panicles about 1.5
meters long, not pendent, glabrous or puberulent; flowers creamy white, 3 to 4
em. long; fruit pendent, 6 to 8 cm. long. ‘‘ Palma” (Durango) ; “ palma china”
(Zacatecas, etc.).
16. Yucca periculosa Baker, Gard. Chron. 1870: 1088, 1870.
Yucca circinata Baker, Gard. Chron. 1870: 1088. 1870.
94 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Puebla and probably in Oaxaca and Veracruz; described from cultivated
plants, from Tehuacfén, Puebla.
Sometimes 6 meters high, with few branches, slender, with rather smooth
bark; leaves 85 to 50 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 em. wide, short-pointed, finely and
abundantly filiferous, with brown threads; panicle about a meter long, tomen-
tose, the flowers creamy white.
17. Yucca macrocarpa (Torr.) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 202. 1893. .
Yucca baccata macrocarpa Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 221. 1859.
Dry plains and hillsides, Chihuahua. Western Texas to southern Arizona;
type from plains near the Limpio, Texas.
Usually 3 to 5 meters high, but often lower, simple, or with few short
branches; leaves 50 to 100 cm. long, 4 to 5 cm. wide, usually rough, pungent,
yellowish green, coarsely filiferous; panicle glabrous or somewhat pubescent,
the flowers creamy white, 4 cm. long; fruit 7.5 to 10 em. long. ‘‘ Palma criolla ”
(Chihuahua, Texas) ; “ palma’’ (New Mexico).
The leaves are used extensively by the Indians of southern New Mexico for
making baskets.
18. Yucca mohavensis Sarg. Gard. & For. 9: 104. 1896...
? Yucca schidigera Roezl, Belg. Hort. 1880: 51. 1880.
Dry plains, Baja California. California to Arizona; type from the Mohave
Desert.
Sometimes 4.5 meters high but usually lower, simple or with few short
branches, the trunk 20 cm. or less in diameter; leaves 45 to 80 em. long, about
4 em. wide, smooth; panicles 30 to 45 cm. long, the flowers 2.5 to 4 em. long,
white, often tinged with purple; fruit 7.5 to 10 cm. long, yellowish, becoming
purplish or black; weod porous, light brown, the specific gravity about 0.27.
5. NOLINA Michx. Fl]. Bor. Amer. 1: 208. 1803.
REFERENCE: Trelease, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 412-426. 1911.
Plants acaulescent or with well-developed trunks; leaves linear, often rough
on the margins; flowers very small, whitish, paniculate; fruit papery, contain-
ing 3 globose seeds.
It is said that the trunks are sometimes roasted and the interior portion
eaten. The leaves are very tough and useful for thatching, brooms, baskets,
eoarse hats, mats, etc. Their fiber is used locally for cordage and enters some-
what into the cordage materials of the United States.
In Durango (and probably elsewhere) the various species are known as
* zaeate cortador,” “ zacate de armazon,” “ zacate de aparejo,” and “ palmilla.”
In the United States the name “ bear-grass ” is applied.
Leaves 15 to 40 mm. wide, usually not brushlike at the tip; bracts usually
papery, often showy. Plants treelike.
Pedicels scarcely half as long as the fruit; leaves rather thick.
13. N. bigelovii.
Pedicels nearly or quite as long as the fruit; leaves rather thin.
heavesyS. tov4em:. wideiso._ sje eee 14. N. nelsoni.
Leaves 1.5 to 3 cm. wide.
Primary divisions of the inflorescence about 50 em. long; leaves glauces-
Ta fetta oo bt dels et i ie 15. N. beldingi.
Primary division of the inflorescence 25 to 30 cm. long; leaves green.
Meavessspredgineor Crecto= ass ss a eee eee 16. N. parviflora.
Mea vesvdroouin gs 23> sec 2. ee RI ee ee eee 17. N. longifolia.
aly
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 95
Leaves 2 to 12 mm. wide, frequently brushlike at the tip; bracts not very showy.
Leaves thin and grasslike, usually 3 to 5 mm. wide, rather flat, usually not
brushlike at the tip.
Pedicels slender, equaling or exceeding the fruit; bracts not imbrieate.
Inflorescence 30 ecm. long, the branches short______________ 1. N. pumila.
Inflorescence 25 to 30 cm. long, the branches stout, stiff_.2. N. juncea.
Pedicels stout, about half as long as the fruit; bracts imbricate.
Leaves 2 to 8 mm. wide; inflorescence 15 em. long________ 3. N. humilis.
Leaves 5 mm. wide; inflorescence 25 to 30 cm. long______ 4. N. watsoni.
Leaves thick, 2 to 12 mm. wide, concave, keeled on one or both surfaces, often
brushlike at the tip.
Fruit somewhat inflated, the seed not protruding.
Leaves 4 to 5 mm. wide; lower branches of the panicle much longer than
Ret MRD GGeE Gt ames es FE cal SR I eet els SE 12. N. rigida.
Leaves 6 to 12 mm. wide; lower branches of the panicle about as long
as the bracts.
Fruit shorter than the pedicels, 6 to 7 mm. wide__10. N. durangensis.
Fruit about as long as the pedicels, 7 to 10 mm. wide.
Divisions of the inflorescence 15 to 45 em. long; leaves 6 to 12 mm.
Voki OS Ss oes Po eae be eS er esp te ae 9. N. microcarpa.
Divisions of the inflorescence 10 to 15 em. long; leaves 12 mm. wide.
11... N. elegans.
Fruit not inflated, the seed early protruding.
Inflorescence essentially smooth; pedicels sledder=_>--_- 8. N. palmeri.
: Inflorescence roughened in lines; pedicels stout in fruit.
‘Lower panicle divisions as long as the bracts_________ 6. N. erumpens.
Lower panicle divisions shorter than the bracts.
Branchlets of the lower panicle divisions short, stiff, spreading.
7. N. cespitifera.
Branchlets of the lower panicle divisions weak, finally ascending.
5. N. affinis.
1. Nolina pumila Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 92. 1906.
Known only from the type locality, in the Sierra Madre near Santa Teresa,
Tepic. bgt
Plants acaulescent; leaves 20 to 80 cm, long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, with serrulate
margins; inflorescence about 30 cm. long.
2. Nolina juncea (Zucc.) Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 56: 16. 1918.
Dasylirion junceum Zuece. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Muenchen 19: 19, 1845.
Dasylirion hartwegianum Zuce. Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Muenchen 19: 21. 1845,
nomen nudum,
Nolina hartwegiana Hemsl. Biol. Centr, Amer. Bot. 3: 371. 1884.
Known only from Zacatecas, the type locality.
Leaves 3 to 4 mm. wide; inflorescence 25 to 50 em. long.
8. Nolina humilis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 248. 1879.
Known only from the original collection, from the region of San Luis Potosi.
Acaulescent; leaves 60 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide, with very rough margins;
inflorescence 15 cm. long.
4, Nolina watsoni (Baker) Hemsl. Biol, Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 372. 1884.
Beaucarnea watsoni Baker, Journ. Linn, Soc. Bot. 18: 236. 1880.
San Luis Potosi.
Leaves 5 mm. wide, with very rough margins; inflorescence 25 to 30 cm. long.
5. Nolina affinis Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 417. 1911.
Nolina caudata Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soe. 50: 417. 1911.
96 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Chihuahua and Sonora, on mesas and stony hills; type from near the city of
Chihuahua. Southern Arizona.
Leaves 3 to 4 mm. wide, sometimes with smooth margins. “ Palmilla ”
(Chihuahua).
Leaves used in Chihuahua for making hats. The young leaves are eaten by
goats.
6. Nolina erumpens (Torr.) S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 248. 1879.
Dasylirion erumpens Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 216. 1859.
Chihuahua. Western Texas (type locality).
Leaves usually 6 to 10 mm. wide, with rough or rarely smooth edges.
7. Nolina cespitifera Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 419. 1911.
Coahuila; type from Buena Vista.
Leaves 6 to 10 mm. wide, rough-edged.
8. Nolina palmeri 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 248. 1879.
In canyons, Baja California; type from Tantillas Mountains.
Acaulescent ; leaves 8 to 10 mm. wide, rough-edged.
The roots (“amole’’) are said to be used as a substitute for soap.
Nolina palmeri brandegeei Trel. (Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 420, 1911) isa
form with the trunk up to 5 meters high.
9. Nolina microcarpa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 247. 1879.
Dry plains and hillsides, Chihuahua and Sonora. Arizona (type from Rock
Canyon) and New Mexico.
Leaves 6 to 12 mm. wide, rough-edged.
10. Nolina durangensis Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 421. 1911.
Chihuahua and Durango; type from the city of Durango.
About 2 meters high; leaves 7 to 11 or even 20 mm. wide, rough-margined.
“ Soyate” (Durango).
11. Nolina elegans Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 91. 1906.
Known only from the Sierra Madre of Zacatecas.
Leaves 50 to 60 cm. long, 12 mm. wide, rough-margined.
12. Nolina rigida (Brongn.) Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 422. 1906.
Anatis rigida Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 14: 320. 1840.
Known only from a drawing of Sessé and Mocifio,* believed to represent a
Mexican plant.
Leaves about 10 cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide.
13. Nolina bigelovii (Torr.) S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 247. 1879.
Dasylirion bigelovii Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 151. 1857.
Dry mesas and hillsides, Sonora and Baja California. California and Ari-
zona; type from Bill Williams Fork, Arizona.
Trunk 1 to 2 meters high; leaves 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, the margin shredding
into brown fibers.
14. Nolina nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 92, 1906.
Known only from the type locality, mountains near Miquihuana, Tamaulipas.
Trunk 1 to 3 meters high; leaves 50 to 70 cm. long, 3 to 4 em. wide, rough-
margined; inflorescence 2 to 3.5 meters high.
15. Nolina beldingi T. S. Brandeg, Zoe 1: 305. 1890.
Baja California; type from mountains of the Cape Region.
Trunk 8 to 7.5 meters high, branched; leaves 1.5 to 2 em. wide.
Nolina beldingi deserticola Trel. (Proc. Amer, Phil Soc. 50: 424. 1911) is a
nearly acaulescent form.
Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: pl. 17. 1911.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 97
16. Nolina parviflora (H. B. K.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot. 3: 372. 1884.
Cordyline parviflora H, B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 268, 1815.
Roulinia humboldtiana Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 14: 320. 1840.
Nolina altamiranoa Rose, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 29: 488, 1905.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Mexico; type from between Hauhtitlin and Tane-
pantla.
Trunk 2 to 4 meters high; leaves 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide.
17. Nolina longifolia, (Schult.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 372. 1884.
Yucca longifolia Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 1715. 1830.
Roulinia karwinskiana Brongn. Ann. Sci Nat. II. 14: 320. 1840.
Oaxaca and Puebla; type from San José del Oro.
Trunk 2 to 3 meters high, swollen at the base, sparsely branched at the top;
leaves very long, recurved over the trunk, 2 to 3 cm. wide.
6. CALIBANUS Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 90. 1906.
1. Calibanus hookerii (Lem.) Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soe. 50: 426. 1911.
Dasylirion hookerii Lem. Ill. Hort. Lem. 6: Mises 24. 1859.
Dasylirion caespitosum Scheidw. Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 4: 286.
1861.
Calibanus caespitosus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 90. 1906.
Hidalgo and San Luis Potosi; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
A very curious and remarkable plant, the trunk subglobose, 30 to 100 em. in
diameter, resembling a puffball, attached to the soil by small roots, the interior
loosely spongy, the exterior covered with dark corky bark like that of some
oaks ; leaves 30 to 90 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide, appearing in clusters here and
there over the trunk, pale green, serrulate; flowers dioecious, purplish, very
small, arranged in panicles 10 to 20 em. long and 10 em. broad.
7. BEAUCARNEA Lem. Ill. Hort. Lem. 8: Mise. 57. 1861.
REFERENCE: Trelease, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 427-481. 1911; Rose, Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 87-89. pl. 23. 1906.
Treelike plants, the trunks sometimes 10 meters high, more or less swollen at
the base; leaves long, linear; flowers small, whitish, panicled.
The leaves are used for the same purposes as those of Dasylirion and
Nolina.
Leaves with papillose grooves and rough margins, firm, more or less concave,
keeled, pale or glaucous; fruit short-pedicellate.
Leaves 8 to 15 mm. wide; seeds 4 to 5 mm. long_--___-_-____ 5. B. stricta.
Leaves 4 to 7 mm. wide; seeds 3 mm. long__________________ 6. B. gracilis.
Leaves with smooth grooves and nearly smooth margins, thin, nearly flat,
green; fruit long-pedicellate.
Weve ae atone aMeCLerG TONG. <r te eee 1. B. recurvata.
Leaves 1 meter long or shorter.
MEE SetOeOOL MIM, lone = 2 se =e ser 4. B. goldmanii.
Fruit 10 to 15 mm. long.
Perianth segments scarcely 2 mm. long____-__-_-_____-~_ 2. B. inermis.
Peniantneseczments.ocmm. long =e 38. B. pliabilis.
1. Beaucarnea recurvata Lem. Ill. Hort. Lem. 8: Misc. 61. 1861.
Beaucarnea tuberculata Roezl, Belg. Hort. 33: 138. 1883.
Nolina recurvata Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 372. 1884.
Dasylirion recurvatum Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 56: 17. 1918.
Veracruz.
Trunk openly branched; leaves 1.5 to 2 meters long, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide,
98 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Beaucarnea inermis (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 88. 1906.
Dasylirion inerme 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 157, 1891.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz; type from Las Palmas, San Luis Potosi.
Tree, openly branched, sometimes 13 meters high, with a trunk 1.5 meters in
diameter, this covered with hard scaly black bark; leaves 1.2 to 1.5 em. wide.
“Soyate” or “ zoyate” (San Luis Potosf) ; “palma culona” (San Luis Potosi,
Ramirez).
The soft spongy wood is used for corks,
3. Beaucarnea pliabilis (Baker) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 89, 1906.
Dasylirion pliabile Baker, Journ. Linn, Soc. Bot. 18: 240, 1880.
Yuecatén; type from Sisal.
Leaves 1.5 em. wide.
4. Beaucarnea goldmanii’ Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 261. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, San Vicente, Chiapas.
Tall slender tree with swollen base, the trunk covered with thick, deeply
furrowed bark; leaves 80 to 90 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em, wide, erect or reflexed;
panicles 30 to 50 cm. long.
5. Beaucarnea stricta Lem. Ill. Hort. Lem. 8: Mise. 61. 1861.
Beaucarnea glauca Roezl, Belg, Hort. 83: 138. 1883.
Beaucarnea purpusi Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 89. 1906.
Dasylirion strictum Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 56: 17, 1918.
Puebla and Oaxaca; described from cultivated plants.
Tree, 6 to 8 meters high, the trunk moderately swollen at the base, covered
with the old leaves; leaves about 60 cm. long, 8 to 15 mm. wide, with yellowish
margins. ‘“Izote” (Oaxaca).
6. Beaucarnea gracilis Lem. IJ]. Hort. Lem. 8: Misc. 61. 1861.
Beaucarnea oedipus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 88. pl. 23. 1906.
Dasylirion gracile Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 56: 17. 1918.
Puebla; described from cultivated plants.
Tree, 6 to 12 meters high, with stout branches, the trunk enormously swollen
at the base and 2 to 7 meters in circumference; leaves 25 to 50 cm. long, 4 to 7
mm, wide, glaucous.
8. DASYLIRION Zucce. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 258. 1838.
REFERENCE: Trelease, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 481-441. 1911. °
Acaulescent or arborescent plants; leaves linear, usually with very spiny mar-
gins, the bases much broadened; flowers small, whitish, paniculate.
The plants grow mostly on dry, rocky mesas or hillsides and are often very
abundant and conspicuous. The trunks are used frequently for building houses
and for fuel. When one of the plants, covered with the dead leaves, is set on
fire it will burn for some time, and the burned stumps are a familiar sight in
regions where the plants occur. The leaf bases remaining on such burned
plants, when removed from the trunk, make very satisfactory beds upon camp-
ing expeditions, for they are elastic and not uncomfortably hard. The trunks
are often split open to permit cattle to eat the spongy interior, for this, as well
as the leaf bases, contains much sugar and has been found td be an excellent
*Named for E. A. Goldman (1878—-), of the Bureau of Biological Survey,
U. S. Department of Agriculture, who has engaged in biological exploration of
nearly all parts of Mexico. He has obtained a large collection of botanical
material, which is deposited in the U. 8. National Herbarium. Mr, Goldman
has published a valuable paper dealing with the plants of Baja California
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 309-871. pl. 104-183. 1916).
x STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF. MEXICO. 99
food for cattle, especially in time of drought. In New Mexico and western
Texas the plants have been used on a large seale for this purpose, often
after having been transported by railroad. The plants were formerly much used
for food by the natives of the arid regions, and are still so used to some extent.
The leaves are trimmed off and the remaining head is roasted or boiled and
the sweet pith and leaf bases then eaten. The heads are often baked for about
24 hours in pits dug in the ground. The roasted trunks are also allowed to
ferment and then distilled to obtain’ a highly esteemed intoxicating drink known
as “sotol,” which is a colorless liquor of penetrating odor and peculiar taste.
Alcohol has been extracted from sotol plants upon a commercial scale.
The leaves are much used for thatching, baskets, rough hats, mats, ete., and
their fiber for rough cordage. The fiber seems to be suitable for the manufac-
ture of paper. ;
Most of the species are known generally under the name “ sotol.”
Mmeaves;A-sided-unarmMedis 2252s. se ee Se es 16. D. longissimum.
Leaves 2-edged, flattened or concave, with prickly margins.
Fruit large (8 to 9 mm. wide), the style longer than the wings.
; 15. D. berlandieri.
Fruit small or, if large, the style not exceeding the wings.
Fruit 8 to 5 mm. wide.
Fruit with a very shallow notch at the apex, broadly elliptic, the style
equaling or slighly exceeding the wings. Prickles of the leaves
antrorse.
Leaves 10 to 15 mm. wide. Inflorescence much branched.
6. D. texanum.
Leaves 5 to 10 mm. wide.
PeaAvesmaDOUbed” Neterylon es —ee a ea eae ee es 7. D. simplex.
Meavesn40 sto. oOMenie OM ges te ee es a 8. D, longistylum.
Fruit with a rather deep notch, narrowly elliptic to obovate, the style
not surpassing the wings. Leaves usually 15 to 20 cm. wide.
‘Prickles of the leaves mostlysretrorses.- ==> 2 5. D. leiophyllum.
Prickles of the leaves mostly antrorse.
WeEAVEST OMIM wiGe Orimores=.= ian se eee 3. D. palmeri.
Leaves 10 to 20 mm. wide.
Leaves about 0.5 meters long, dull; style nearly equaling the wings.
4. D. parryanum.
Leaves about 1 meter long; style half as long as the wings.
Weavesraull ela COlMSs ees ha ae Se eee 1. D. cedrosanum.
eaves lustrous, not glaucous. 5]. 22 ee 2. D. lucidum.
Fruit 6 to 8 mm. wide, the style not exceeding the wings. Prickles all or
mostly antrorse.
Leaves not with brushy tips, glaucous_-__________ 9. D. glaucophyllum,
Leaves with more or less brushy tips.
MeAVeS IacMml WwiderOr NATTOWer2=—— 22 es eee ae ee 10. D. acrotriche.
Leaves mostly 1.5 em. wide or wider, rarely only 1.2 cm. wide.
Wings of the fruit truncate at the apex, with a very narrow notch;
VGA ESHTO MOP i eectt ae Sas EL) ape ae ey 13. D. serratifolium.
Wings of the fruit rounded or obtuse at the apex, with a broad notch;
leaves smooth or nearly so.
Leaves about 1.2 em. wide_-_---_..__-____- 11. D. graminifolium.
Leaves 1.5 to 2 cm. wide.
Style scarcely half as long as the wings_____ 12. D. durangense.
Style about as long as the wings_______________ 14. D. wheeleri.
100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Dasylirion cedrosanum Trel, Proc, Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 431. 1911.
Coahuila and Zacatecas; type from Cedros, Zacatecas.
Trunk 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves 2 cm. wide, glaucous; inflorescence 5
meters high.
2. Dasylirion lucidum Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 90. 1906.
Puebla; type from Tehuacan.,
Trunk 1 to 2 meters high; leaves 1 to L7 cm. wide, smooth and lustrous;
inflorescence 2 to 3 meters high.
8. Dasylirion palmeri Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 482. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, San Lorenzo Canyon, Coahuila.
Plants 2.5 to 3 meters high; leaves about 1 meter long, green or slightly
glaucous, smooth, dull. ‘ Sotol.”
’ The leaves, deprived of the spines, are used for making brooms.
4. Dasylirion parryanum’ Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 432. 1911.
San Luis Potosi, the type from the vicinity of San Luis Potosi.
Leaves dull, minutely roughened.
5. Dasylirion leiophyllum Engelm.; Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 433.
7911.
Chihuahua. New Mexico and western Texas; type from Presidio, Texas.
Stem short; leaves about 1 meter long, green or glaucescent, smooth, rather
lustrous.
6. Dasylirion texanum Scheele, Linnaea 23: 140. 1850.
Dasylirion texanum aberrans Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 50: 434. 1911.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leon. Texas; type from New Braunfels.
Trunk very short or subterranean; leaves 1 meter long or shorter, green, lus-
trous; inflorescence 3 to 5 meters high. ‘ Sotol” (Texas).
7. Dasylirion simplex Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soe. 50: 434. 1911.
Durango; type from Tepehuanes.
Plants 1.5 meters high; leaves about a meter long, green, smooth, lustrous.
** Sotol.”
The leaves are employed for making baskets, and for the ‘‘ sopladores”” used
to fan charcoal fires.
8. Dasylirion longistylum Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 56: 16. 1918.
Known only from the type locality, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi.
Leaves 5 to 7 mm. wide, glaucous-green, smooth, the margin with large remote
teeth ; fruit 5 mm. wide.
9. Dasylirion glaucophyllum Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. II. 14: pl. 5041.
1858.
Dasylirion glaucum Carr. Rey. Hort. 44: 485. 1872.
Known in Mexico only from the type locality, Real del Monte, Hidalgo; also
in cultivation in Europe.
Trunk short; leaves 1 meter long or-longer, about 1.2 cm. wide, dull; inflores-
cence 4 to 6 meters high.
10. Dasylirion acrotriche (Schiede) Zuce. Denkschr. Akad, Wiss. Miinchen
16: 226. 1840.
1Named for C. C. Parry (1823-1890), at one time botanist of the U. 8.
Department of Agriculture, who made extensive collections of plants in the
United States, especially in the Rocky Mountains. In 1878, in company with
Edward Palmer, he collected a large series of Mexican plants, chiefly in the
State of San Luis Potosi.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 101
Yucca acrotricha Schiede, Linnaea 4: 230. 1829.
Roulinia gracilis Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 14: 320. 1840.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Hidalgo, and Querétaro; type from Mount Orizaba.
Trunk 1 meter high or more; leaves less than 1 meter long, 6 to 10 or rarely
15 mm. wide, green or glaucescent; inflorescence 3 to 5 meters high or larger.
“ Cucharilla ” (San Luis Potosi, Urbina).
11. Dasylirion graminifolium Zuce. Allg. Gartenz, 6: 259. 1833.
San Luis Potosi; described from cultivated plants.
Leaves about 1 meter long, green, smooth, lustrous.
12. Dasylirion durangense Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soe. 50: 438. 1911.
Known only from Durango, the type locality.
Leaves 1 meter long or shorter, glaucescent,
13. Dasylirion serratifolium (Schult.) Zuce. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 258. 1838.
_ Yueca serratifolia Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 1716. 1830.
Dasylirion laxiflorum Baker, Journ. Bot, Brit. & For. 10: 299. 1872.
Oaxaca; described from cultivated plants.
Plants subacaulescent; leaves 1 meter long or shorter, 1.5 to 3.5 em. wide,
whitish. :
14. Dasylirion wheeleri S. Wats.; Rothr. in Wheeler, Rep. U. S. Surv. 100th
Merid. 6: 378. 1878.
Dasylirion wheeleri wislizeni Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil, Soc. 50: 489. 1911.
Chihuahua. Western Texas to Arizona (type from Ash Creek).
Trunk 1 meter high or less; leaves 1 meter long or shorter, glaucous or
green, nearly smooth; inflorescence 3 to 5 meters high.
15. Dasylirion berlandieri* S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 14: 249. 1879,
Known only from the type locality, La Silla, Monterrey, Nuevo Leén.
The leaves of this species have not been collected.
16. Dasylirion longissimum Lem. II]. Hort. Lem. 3: Mise. 91. 1856.
Dasytirion quadrangulatum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 14: 250. 1879.
Dasylirion juncifolium Rehnelt, Gartenwelt 11: 77. 1906.
Tamaulipas to Hidalgo; described from cultivated plants.
Trunk 1 to 2 meters high; leaves sometimes 2 meters long, 3 to 8 mm. wide,
green, dull; inflorescence 2 to 6 meters high. ‘“ Junquillo” (Querétaro,
Hidalgo).
11. SMILACACEAE. Smilax Family.
1. SMILAX L. Sp. Pl. 1028. 1753.
REFERENCE: A. De Candolle in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 1-213. 1878.
Seandent shrubs; rhizomes often tuberiferous; stems often armed with
spines; leaves alternate, usually persistent, palmately nerved, the petiole often
tendril-bearing ; flowers small, dioecious, umbellate, the umbels axillary; fruit a
small globose berry.
The species of catbrier, greenbrier, or horsebrier, because of their spiny stems,
often form almost impenetrable thickets.
*In honor of Jean Luis Berlandier, a Belgian, who made extensive collections
between 1827 and 1830 in northeastern Mexico, especially in Tamaulipas, San
Luis Potosi, Nuevo Le6én, and Coahuila. The larger portion of his botanical
collections was obtained in Texas. He died at Matamoros in 1851. His plants
were widely distributed, and some of them are in the U. S. National Herbarium.
102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves and branches copiously pilose; flowers usually tomentose.
Peduncles longer than the petioles.
Leaves copiously pilose, oval to ovate, deeply cordate at the base, obtuse or
rounded and apiculate at the apex________________-____ 1. S. mollis.
Leaves glabrate, deltoid, subcordate at the base, long-acuminate at the apex.
2. S, purpusii.
Peduncles equaling or usually shorter than the petioles.
Sheaths about one-fifth as long as the petioles or shorter.
3. S. tomentosa.
Sheaths one-fourth to half as long as the petioles______ 4. S. subpubescens.
Leaves and branches glabrous or nearly so; flowers glabrous.
Staminate flowers small, 1.5 to 2 or rarely 3 mm. long; anthers equaling or
longer: than the: filaments= 222 22% bv bets oo ah eee 5. S. mexicana.
Staminate flowers large, 2.5 to 8 mm. long; anthers usually shorter than the
filaments. = “
Peduncles at anthesis shorter than the petioles______ 6. S. domingensis.
Peduncles at anthesis longer than or equaling the petioles.
eaves: sali cousibenea th 2a). = sss Ae ee ee ee 7. S. glauca.
Leaves green beneath.
Peduncles about 5.5 em. long, 5 to 6 times as long as the petiole: Fruit
TES a os Ce a A 8. S. erythrocarpa.
Peduncles rarely over 2 em. long.
Pedicels half as long as the flowers___-__________ 9. S. densiflora.
Pedicels equaling or much. longer than the flowers.
eaves denticulates_=2= 2 ee eee 10. S. moranensis.
Leaves entire.
OR Uit reds 5 eos ae eee | a eee 11. S. medica.
Fruit black.
Younger branches with numerous stout spines; leaf blades
more or less triangular, nearly or quite as broad as long.
12. S. bona-nox.
Younger branches unarmed or with few slender spines; leaf
blades not triangular, usually twice as broad as long.
18. S. cordifolia.
1. Smilax mollis Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 785. 1806.
Smilax pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 567. 1899.
Morelos to Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
West Indies, Central America, and northern South America.
Leaves lanceolate to broadly cordate-oval, 8 to 15 cm. long, acute or abruptly
short-pointed, 5 or 7-nerved ; umbels long-pedunculate. “ Bejuco de chiquihuite ”
(Tabasco) ; ‘zgarzaparrilla”’ (Veracruz, Ramirez).
2. Smilax purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 117. 1915.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas.
Leaves coriaceous, 5 to 10 cm. long, reticulate-veined, usually ‘7-nerved ;
umbels often racemose.
3. Smilax tomentosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 272. 1815.
Oaxaca. Central America and northern South America; type from Santa Fé,
Colombia. ;
Leaves broadly ovate-cordate to lanceolate, sometimes as much as 25 cm. long
and 20 em. wide, acute or acuminate; umbels densely many-flowered.
4. Smilax subpubescens A, DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 69. 1878.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Orizaba, Veracruz.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 103
Seandent over shrubs and trees in woods; leaves ovate or ovate-oval, 7 to 13
em. long, cordate at the base, short-pointed, lustrous. “ Zarz6n” (Tamaulipas).
Specimens referred by De Candolle to S. candelariae A. DC. belong here
perhaps.
5. Smilax mexicana Griseb.; Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 167. 1850.
2Smilax obtusa Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 175. 1844.
Smilax costaricae Vatke, Linnaea 40: 223. 1876.
Smilax gaumerti Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 357. 1898.
Sinaloa to Guerrero, Yucatin, and Tamaulipas. Central America.
Scandent shrub with angulate branches; leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate-
oval, 5 to 17 em. long, lustrous; umbels on long or short peduncles; fruit black.
““Bejuco de chiquihuite’”’ (Tabasco) ; “ bejuco diente-de-perro,” ‘‘ zarza” (Gue-
rrero) ; “xcoché” (Yucatan, Maya); “zarzdn” (Costa Rica).
The species has been reported from Mexico as S. cumanensis Willd. The
leaves are very variable in shape, as in most species of the genus.
6. Smilax domingensis Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 783. 1806.
Smilax schlechtendalii Kunth, Enum. Pl, 5: 224. 1850.
Smilax domingensis microscola Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 323. 1900.
Veracruz, Puebla, Tabasco, and Chiapas. West Indies; type from Santo
Domingo.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate, 7 to 15 em. long, thick, lustrous, acute to long-
acuminate. ‘“Alcacatza’” (Puebla); ‘“ chiquihuite” (Tabasco); ‘bejuco de
membrillo,” “‘ dunguey,” ‘‘dunguez blanco” (Porto Rico).
7. Smilax glauca Walt. Fl. Carol. 245. 1788.
? Smilax jalapensis Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 451. 1844.
Smilax discolor Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 454. 1844.
Veracruz. Eastern United States; type from the Carolinas.
Stems terete, armed with stout scattered prickles; leaves broadly ovate, 6 to
10 cm. long, acute or rounded at the apex, usually truncate at the base; fruit
bluish black. .
8. Smilax erythrocarpa Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 234. 1850.
Described from Mexico; reported from the Valley of Mexico.
Branches terete, armed with short straight prickles or unarmed; leaves ovate-
oblong, 8 to 10 em. long, acutish at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base.
9. Smilax densiflora A. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 88. 1878.
Described from Toluca, Mexico; reported also from ‘‘ San Miguel.”
Stems terete, unarmed; leaves ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long, 5 or 7-nerved, acuminate
at the apex, obtuse or subcordate at the base.
10. Smilax moranensis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 9”: 389. 1842.
Veracruz and Hidalgo, and probably elsewhere; type from Moran, Hidalgo.
Stems terete, aculeate; leaves lanceolate or ovate, 5 to 9 cm. long, 5 or
7-nerved, acuminate; fruit 6 to 7 mm. in diameter.
According to De Candolle, this is the ‘‘ mecapatli”’ of Hernandez.
11. Smilax medica Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 47. 1831.
Veracruz and San Luis Potosi; type from Papantla, Veracruz; reported
from Tamaulipas.
Stems angulate, unarmed or sparsely prickly ; rhizome slender, striate, covered
with whitish or purplish bark; leaves ovate or oblong, 10 to 20 cm. long, often
lobate, 7 or 9-nerved, entire, sometimes prickly beneath; fruit 8 to 10 mm. in
diameter. “ Zarzaparrilla,” ‘‘nanahuapatle,” ‘ quauhmecapatli,” “ quaumeca-
+In DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 70. 1878.
104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
path,” “zarza,” “zarzaparrilla de Tulancingo,” “ zarzaparrilla de la sierra,’
“mecapatli” (Ramtrez).
The species of Smilax which furnish the sarsaparilla of commerce are very
imperfectly known, but this species is‘believed to be one of the chief sources of
the drug. The Nueva Farmacopea Mexicana states that this is the only species
of Eastern Mexico whose rhizomes are employed medicinally. and Smilar
medica is one of the official sources of sarsaparilla according to the U. S. Phar-
macopoea. Not much dependence can be placed upon either of these state-
ments, however, because the species are poorly known, and the rhizomes
have not been associated with botanical specimens of the plants which produce
them.
The rhizomes are dug at any time of the year and dried in the sun. Théy
contain a erystalline principle, parillin, upon which their virtues depend. This
has sudorific and stimulant properties. Sarsaparilla was introduced into Spain
about 1540, and was widely used as a remedy for veneréal diseases. It is still
employed for the same purpose, and for rheumatism, scrofulous diseases, and
some cutaneous affections. It is widely employed also for flavoring beverages.
Large amounts of sarsaparilla have been and still are exported from Mexico.
It is said that the rhizome, of a fern, known as “zarzaparilla de Tierra
Caliente,” is sometimes used as an adulterant.
12. Smilax bona-nox L. Sp. Pl. 1030. 1753.
Veracruz. Eastern United States; West Indies.
Stems angulate, prickly or unarmed; leaves lanceolate to broadly deltoid-
ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, sometimes lobate, 5 to 9-nerved, acute, often denticulate.
“ Mecapatli, zarzaparrilla” (Ramirez).
13, Smilax cordifolia Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 778. 1806.
? Smilax acutifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 449. 1844.
? Smilax invenusta Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 234. 1850.
Smilax schiedeana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 236. 1850.
Veracruz and Tabasco to Oaxaca and Colima; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Stems subterete or angulate, unarmed or sparsely prickly; leaves ovate or
rounded-ovate, 6 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, 5 to 9-nerved, usually more
or less cordate at the base. ‘“‘ Cocolmecan,” “ cozolmécatl,” “ oleacatzin ” (Vera-
cruz, Ramirez) ; “pacas” (Tarascan, Herrera) ; “ cocolmeca,” “raiz de china ”
(Ramirez) ; “ moéoga” (Otomi, Ramirez).
This species has been reported from Mexico as S. pseudochina L. It is said to
- be used in medicine like S. medica.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
SMILAX ARISTOLOCHIAEFOLIA Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Smilar no. 7. 1768.
Smilax milleri Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 599. 1841. Described from Veracruz.
SMILAx BOTTERI A. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 89. 1878. Described from
Veracruz. Perhaps the same as S. cordifolia.
SMILAX COGNATA Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 175. 1850. Described from Mexico, but
probably rather a native of Brazil.
SMILAX GLAUCOCARPOS Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 450, 1844. Described from Ha-
cienda del Carmen and Mineral del Monte. Related, according to De Candolle.
to S. mexicana or S. moranensis.
SMILAX HAVANENSIS Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 33. 1760. Native of the West
Indies; reported from Mexico by De Candolle, perhaps erroneously.
SMILAX MULTIFLORA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 97: 390. 1842. Described
from Chinantla, Oaxaca.
SMILAX SPINOSA Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Smilax no. 8. 1768. Described from
Veracruz.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 105
12. AMARYLLIDACEAE. Amaryllis Family.’
(Contributed by Dr. William Trelease. )
Plants usually herbs, often from bulbs as in the Liliaceae, from which they
differ chiefly in their inferior ovary; in the warmer parts of America repre-
sented by the following monocarpic genera, some species of which produce a
trunk, while the flower clusters of all are borne on more or less woody stalks
that are sometimes tall and much branched,
Perianth segments distinct; filaments swollen at base; style base dilated and
3-angled ; seed not lifted from the soil in germination____-1. FURCRAEA.
Perianth more or less tubular at base; filaments and style not swollen; seed
raised on the cotyledon in germination________________ 2. AGAVE.
1. FURCRAEA Vent. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1: 65. 1793.
REFERENCES: J. G. Baker, Handbook of the Amaryllideae 198-203. 1888;
Trelease, Observations on Furcraea, Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg II. Suppl. 3:
905-916. pl. 35-48. 1910; Drummond, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 25-75. pl. 1—4. 1907.
- The name is often written Fourcroya (Spreng. 1817) or Fureroea (Haw.
1819).
The leaves contain an excellent fiber resembling Sisal hemp, and variously
ealled “ pita ” or “ cabulla,” but this is little exploited except for the Mauritius
hemp, derived from the Brazilian F. gigantea.
Leaves denticulate but never toothed, finely striate-ridged. Leaves over 1 meter
long; panicle very large. SERRULATAE.
Trunk tall (15 meters). Leaves concave and rather stiff____1. F. longaeva.
Trunk moderate (1 to 2 meters tall).
Leaves rather concave, long (2 meters), often recurved______ 2. F. roezlii.
Leaves rather flat, short and stiff, very glaucous.
Leaves short, 50 to 60 cm. long; flowers 4 cm. long___3. F. bedinghausi.
Leaves twice as long; flowers 5 to 6 em. long_________ 4, F. quicheensis.
Leaves neither denticulate nor striate, often horny-toothed. Wururcraka.
Leaves 5 to 8 cm. wide.
Leaves narrow (5 to 6 cm. wide), straight between the short teeth.
as 5. F. cahum.
Leaves moderate (7 to 8 cm. wide), the margin concave between the teeth.
6. F. melanodonta.
Leaves broad (10 to 20 cm.).
Leaves with numerous marginal red-brown teeth.
Plants with a trunk sometimes 2 meters tall; leaves mostly entire above
rend esi hs ee ee 7. F. selloa.
Plants mostly acaulescent ; leaves usually toothed throughout.
Teeth rather short (3 mm. long) and close together (10 to 30 mm.
apart) ; bulbils round-ovoid__-__________-_-___ 8. F. guatemalensis.
Teeth longer (5 to 7 mm. long) and more separated (30 to 60 mm.
ARAL DUDS; Clonea te Ses an Phe Eee Se 9. F. cabuya.
Leaves unarmed, otherwise as in no 9______________ 9a. F. cabuya integra.
* Fifteen Mexican species of Agave, not considered in this account, are char-
acterized by Mr. Alwin Berger in “ Die Agaven,” published in 1915 but through
the exigencies of the war not received until after the present account was in
page proof.—WM. TRELEASE.
106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Furcraea longaeva Zuce. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 167: 665. 1833.
Oaxaca; type from Mount Tanga. Also in adjacent Guatemala.
A tall unbranched monocarpic tree, finally surmounted by a gigantic panicle 5
meters long or more. “ Yahuindayasi” (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko).
2. Furcraea roezlii Baker, Amaryll. 203. 1888.
Fourcroya roezlii André, Rev. Hort. 59: 353. 1887.
Furcraea longa Smith, Teysmannia. 7: 181. 1897.
Pachuca, Hidalgo; described from plants cultivated in Europe; type locality
sometimes said to be near Juquila, Oaxaca, but this report probably refers to
the preceding species.
A short-trunked plant, finally with panicle of equal length, the leaves
characteristically sweeping the ground.
Much cultivated in warm regions under the garden names of Agave argy-
rophylla, A. toneliana, Beschorneria floribunda, Lilia regia, Lilium regium,
Roezlia bulbifera, R. regina, Yucca argyraea, Y. argyrophylla, Y. bulbifera, Y.
parmentieri and Y. toneliana.
3. Furcraea bedinghausi Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 6: 234.
1863.
Distrito Federal; described from plants cultivated in Europe, the type locality
unrecorded.
A short-trunked smaller plant with shorter, stiffer, and flatter leaves.
Sometimes cultivated as Beschorneria multiflora. Specimens have been dis-
tributed as Yucca pringlei Greenm.
4. Furcraea quicheensis Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 148. 1915.
Guatemala; type collected near Quiché.
In size and habit intermediate between F. longaeva and F. bedinghausi.
“ Cheech.”
5. Furcraea cahum Trel. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg II. Suppl. 3: 908. pl. 39.
1910.
Yucatén; type collected near Sisal.
Subacaulescent, with narrow green flat leaves, these straight-margined be-
tween the finally blackish teeth. ‘‘Cajum’” or ‘“‘ cajum-ci’”’; also ‘ catana” (?).
6. Furcraea melanodonta Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 150. 1915.
Eastern Guatemala; type from Cruz.
Somewhat caulescent, with gray or bluish concave leaves, the margins hol-
lowed between the black-chestnut teeth. ‘“‘ Maguey.”
7. Furcraea selloa Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 3: 22. 1860.
Furcraea samalana Trel. Trans, Acad, St. Louis 23: 149. 1915. >
Western Guatemala; type from the Samala Valley.
Somewhat caulescent, with green broad long-channeled leaves, these usually
toothed only below the middle, the margins hollowed between the red-brown
teeth; bulbils elongate. ‘‘ Maguey.”
8. Furcraea guatemalensis Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 149. 1915.
Eastern Guatemala; type collected about Guatemala City.
Nearly acaulescent, the broad and long-channeled leaves grayish beneath and
toothed throughout, the margin somewhat hollowed between the red-brown or
chestnut teeth; bulbils ovoid. ‘‘ Maguey.”
9. Furcraea cabuya Trel. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg II. Suppl. 3: 906. 1910.
; Furcraea tuberosa Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 216. 1854. Not F. tuberosa Ait.
1811.
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 107
Costa Rica (type from San Ramon) and Panama.
Nearly acaulescent, the leaves transiently somewhat glaucous, broad, long
and openly concave, straight-margined between the rather long and distant
yellowish teeth, these with brown or chestnut tips. ‘Cabuya,” “cabuya con
espina,” or “ Central American sisal.”
9a. Furcraea cabuya integra Trel. Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg II. Suppl. 3:
907. 1910.
Furcraea gigantea Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 216. 1854.
Costa Rica (type from San Ramén) and Panama; also (?) in Honduras and
El Salvador.
Differs from the type only in having its leaves unarmed or with merely
minute rudiments of teeth. “ Cabuya Olancho,” transmuted into ‘“ cabuya
blanca.”
2. AGAVE L. Sp. Pl. 323, 1753.
REFERENCES: J. G. Baker, Handbook of the Amaryllideae 163-198. 1888;
Mulford, A study of the agaves of the United States, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 7:
48-100. pl. 26-63. 1896; Trelease, Agave macroacantha and related euagaves,
Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 231-256. pl. 18-34. 1907; Trelease, The Mexican fiber
agaves known as zapupe, Trans. Acad. St. Louis 18: 29-37. pl. 1-6. 1909; Tre-
lease, The agaves of Lower California, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 37-65. pl. 18-72.
1912; Trelease, Revision of the agaves of the group Applanatae, Rep. Mo. Bot.
Gard. 22: 85-97. pl. 738-99. 1912; Trelease & Ludwig, El Zapupe, pp. 1-29. ill.
1909; Trelease, Agave, in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 230-239, 1914.
The leaves contain an excellent fiber. That of A. americana, which is much
planted and has escaped around the Mediterranean, is used in the dainty pita
lacework of the Azores, etc. Much of the fiber of the lechuguwilla type of plants
is used for coarse sacking or enters into the complex of ixtle or Tampico fiber
or Matamoros fiber. Agave cantala is grown extensively in tropical Asia for
its fiber. Of recent years the zapupes have been exploited as equally worthy
with the henequen or Sisal hemp, which forms the chief basis of Yucatecan
commerce and is being extensively planted through tropical regions. The
national drink of the Mexican Indians is fermented from the exuded sap of
the large fleshy-leaved or maguey species when they are ready to bloom, and
great plantations are maintained for this purpose on the table-land; and a
great deal of distilled liquor, called mezcal, like the smaller-leaved species used
for the purpose, is distilled from a fermented mash made from the roasted
stems of many species, especially those of the group Tequilanae, which are
grown in large numbers for this purpose, particularly about Tequila in the
State of Jalisco. The glucoside saponin occurs in many species and is very
abundant in the rootstocks of a few agaves and particularly in those of the
related herbaceous genus Manfreda, and these are used for washing under the
name ‘‘amole.” The fiber of the leaves was used in preconquest days for mak-
ing a kind of paper, upon which manuscripts were written.
The species of Agave are known in the United States as century plants. This
name was given because of a belief that the plants flowered only when they had
attained an age of a hundred years. This belief is, of course, incorrect. It is
probably due to the fact that in cultivation the plants rarely bloom. In Europe
the plants are often known as American aloes, because of a slight resemblance
to Old World plants of the genus Aloe, of the family Liliaceae.
126651—20——_8
108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
I. EUAGAVE. Flowers in a panicle.
A. Leaves without a horny border, the spine at most decurrent for little more
than its length.
B. Leaves hard-fibrous, swordlike or dagger-like or else under 10 em. wide.
C. Marginal teeth numerous and strong.
Teeth close together (5 to 10 mm. apart) and very slender.
ILC aves HET OMe Os 5 aieie so. ty eT a a eS ae 1. A. panamana.
Leaves gray-green, purple-green, or very glaucous.
Leaves gray-green or purple-green________________ 2. A. rubescens.
ILCdVeS sVeLy SlatlCOUs 2 l=" Sa 2058 See eee eee 3. A. stringens.
Teeth more separated or heavier.
DaSpinexclongate, sbiconvexs - 2 ees 4. A. angustifolia.
DD. Spine elongate, half-round or very openly grooved.
eaves: rouch-cranular 2 2 Sais sas e eee ede eee 5. A. bergeri.
Leaves smooth. ;
Meéeeth: slender! s22- # he tee See es De 6. A. lespinassei.
Teeth heavy.
Teeth: scarcely raised a2 = Se ee eee eas, 7. A. endlichiana.
Teeth-.ongfleshyibases== -.% eee 36. A. sicaefolia.
DDD. Spine needle-shaped, round-grooved.
Meethvheavycor. Praised ee ak ae es ee 8. A. aboriginum.
Teeth; slender: <2 + = AUCs aera wees ee eter 9. A. deweyana.
DDDD. Spine short and thick or subulately tapered, biconvex or shallow-
grooved at base.
E. Spine subulately slender.
Spineschestnugss Wmeethesmall = aes Sage ae 10. A. zapupe.
Spine red-brown or graying.
Spine red-brown; teeth small]__________ 20. A. donnell-smithii.
Spine) sraying teethn lane ers ee ee eee 11. A. subtilis.
EE. Spine similar but larger and stouter.
Teeth separated (80 mm. apart or more).
Teeth) heawy-basedes— =2 ==sh te ae oe 12. A. longisepala.
Meeth “very \slend ers ee ree eee 13. A. pedrosana.
Teeth closer (searcely 20 mm. apart), slender.
TCA Ves; Seen ete te tee ee ae ae 14. A. gutierreziana.
Leaves gray or white.
LGA VES (ST aly so See a Se ieee es aS re 15. A. elongata.
Leaves; (-white@s2 202 asa es ee ee ee 16. A. collina.
EEE. Spine not subulate, or else short.
Spineverayine:. Teeth larces= a sea 17. A. palmaris.
Spine red-brown.
Teeth large... «0225 ee 18. A. rhodacantha.
Teeth rather small.
Teeth closer (10;mmS apart) 2a ee 19. A. pes-mulae.
- Teeth distant2 = 2. ee 20. A. donnell-smithii.
DDDDD. Spine conical, often round-grooved at base.
F. Leaves green.
Plants arborescent.
Meath MCA Vy fas se 3 eet ee ee eee 21. A. karwinskii.
Teeth very. slender-cusped_2_ 3.) 3 22. A. decipiens.
Plants short-stemmed or acaulescent.
Teeth fewror- Slender. 22 tee _ eee eee 28. A. sisalana.
Teeth numerous, tapered_________________ 24. A. candelabrum.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 109
FF. Leaves gray or lightly blue-glaucous.
Leaves numerous.
Leaves somewhat rough
Leaves smooth.
Plant subacaulescent.
Teeth gradually tapered.
Teeth short.
TERE Wie HT IG We da wee es A A CIOS Jenene eee 26. A. pacifica.
Leaves more rigidly ascending.
Teeth distant (2 to 3 cm. apart)____27. A. cantala.
Teeth closer (1 to 1.5 cm. apart)_-28. A. tequilana.
Teeth long and strong.
os Ee Es eee ee a Sena 25, A. kirchneriana.
Teeth sharply flexed__________ 29. A. pseudotequilana.
Reethwcentlyss CULVeC == se es ore 30. A. sullivani.
Teeth abruptly slender-cusped_______________ Olt (AS rxthiz
Plant distinctly caulescent_ 22 -— ~~ -___ 382. A. fourcroydes.
Leaves few.
Spine erooved vonly= atubase.—— 2 es As 33. A. datylio.
Spineysrooved: tosmiddle: 225 — ee ew 34, A. vexans.
FFF. Leaves very white-glaucous.
heaves every lone and: concaves. 2 2a 35. A. nivea.
Leaves shorter, rather dagger-like.
Leaves not falcate.
Peethssradually: pointedss=— oo Sees 16. A. collina.
Teeth deltoid-at- pases Se 37. A. macroacantha.
Meaves pial cates nares ie a Daa tee 38. A. yaquiana.
CC. Marginal teeth few or minute.
Leaves oblong, green, transiently glaucous____________ 23. A. sisalana.
eaves;oblanceolate, pale. 2 hen a 39. A. desmetiana.
BB. Leaves hard-fibrous, oblanceolate-oblong.
Teeth small and slender. Spine needle-shaped__________ 40. A. thomasae.
Teeth conspicuous and strong.
Leaves relatively long (nearly 1 meter).
Spine needle-shaped.
SPO Cen OL UGC sa sees are Eons 2 Ne 41. A. deamiana.
Spine round-grooved_____________________.__45. A. kellermaniana.
Spinesconical, fiat-crooveda~ -- 2 eee a 42. A. hurteri.
Leaves short (scarcely 0.5 meter long).
G. Spine conical, flat-grooved or shallow-grooved.
SpINEEDLOWN: much twisted =.= 43. A. tortispina.
RS VEINC ROTEL Vise SET en oda 2 es eg AS Sy 44, A. pachycentra.
GG. Spine round-grooved.
Teeth close together (10 to 15 mm. apart) chestnut.
Peethslender-cuspedi= ==" == 45. A. kellermaniana.
Meetheheavily. triangular <= ee ees ee 46. A. samalana.
Teeth more separated, red-brown__________________ 47, A. lagunae.
GGG. Spine involute at base.
Meethe easilyeidetachables= 22 tel oa ee ee 48. A. minarum.
Teeth firmly attached.
ANGyere} ay = <Syo a2) | Has Ee Lie 8 eS Ae Bit ee ede ee ee 49. A. seemanniana.
Teeth large, brown.
Spine needle-shaped; teeth almost hooked__50. A. tenuispina.
Spine conical; teeth nearly straight________ 51. A. opacidens.
110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
BBB. Leaves rather fibrous, oblong, over 1 mm. long. :
Leaves rather thin and straight-margined_________________ 52. A. lurida.
Leaves fleshier.
Mareinsneéarly “Stralehte.2 es ee Soe Se ek 53. A. rasconensis.
Margin concave between the teeth__________________ 54. A. vera-cruz.
BBBB. Leaves fleshy, obovate, deeply repand, short.
Spine flexuous; leaves scarcely 25 em. long.
Spine and teeth dull rusty brown__________________ 55. A. verchaffeltii.
Spine and teeth gray, gray-brown, or red-chestnut.
Spine and teeth gray-brown or gray___________ 56. A. megalacantha.
Spine and teeth red-chestnut_________________ 57. A. guadalajarana.
Spine straight; leaves twice as long_____________-___-__ 58. A. potatorum.
BBBBB. Leaves rather fleshy and long, oblanceolate, repand; teeth very
unequal.
Spine and teeth red-brown.
heaves rereen 280320 vie ee ee ee eS 59. A. mescal.
Leaves grayish 22) Jb ie se oe ee ee 60. A. fenzliana.
Spine ands teeth, copper-colored] === = 2a ee eee 61. A. cupreata.
BBBBBB. Leaves fleshy, large, the teeth mostly subequal.
Leaves green-and-gray-banded, rough ________________ 111. A. marmorata.
Leaves not markedly zoned.
Spine conical, somewhat recurved.
Leaves not sharply reflexed.
Leaves abruptly acute, plicate_.—. == 2. 112. A. abrupta.
Leaves not plicate.
Spine -eradually Wapered = 22. sea ee ee 113. A. wercklei.
Spine rapidlveaverysaculel a=. 3 322es soa eee 114. A. expansa.
Leaves reflexed toward the end_-_____--________ 115. A. americana.
Spine needle-shaped.
Leaves jreflexed =. 2 2st ed a ee ed 116. A. picta.
Leaves not sharply reflexed.
Léaves rough) 22 eee 2 ee ee 117. A. asperrima.
Leaves smooth.
Spine: nearly straight...) Be a ee ee 118. A. palmeri.
Spine: flexuous=ss 2k we eee 119. A. flexispina.
AA. Leaves with the teeth usually joined by a firmly attached horny border.
Spine sinuous, rather slender.
Filaments inserted in middle of tube-___-_______________ 62. A. shawii.
Filaments inserted above the middle_________________-_ 63. A. orcuttiana.
Spine straight.
Recthweradvally tapered = 2) 2) 2 se eee 64. A. sebastiana.
Teeth abrupt from a broad base.
eaves abruptly acuminate: 2s) Se ee eee 65. A. pachyacantha.
eaves-eradually acutes.2 22.23) 2. * _eee 66. A. goldmaniana.
AAA. Leaves mostly with long-decurrent spine, but scarcely horny-margined
between the teeth.
H. Leaves oblong, long (over 1 meter).
Leaves green or subglaucous; perianth segments long (3 em.)
12. A. longisepala.
Leaves white-glaucous; segments much shorter___--_~- 67. A. applanata.
HH. Leaves ovate or obovate, scarcely half as long.
Leaves rather thin; spine slender.
eavessacutey dullecrays-tan tere 28 aa og A ee ee 68. A. scabra.
WEAVES ACUMINATE. LAU COUS sas Se ee oe eee 70. A. parrasana.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 111
Leaves thick and fleshier; spine rather stout.
SPMem Mato TOO Vie Wests Bes ee ae) ee 71. A. chihuahuana.
Spine round-grooved, sharp-edged.
Leaves elongate; capsule about 4 em. long____________ 72. A. parryi.
Leaves broad; capsule 5.5 to 7.5 em. long.
MeAVeSaACULGL. Se = mew tae oe ea 69. A. huachucensis.
LEDs GSN NG UNGER eae es BS OP ea 73. A. patonii.
HHH. Leaves triangular or lance-oblong, ascending.
Leaves elongate (fully 1 meter long).
Perianth segments twice as long as tube__________________ 74. A. aurea.
Perianth segments shorter than tube_______________ 75. A. promontorii.
Leaves scarcely half as long.
Teeth close together (5 to 10 mm. apart), small. -
Meeths triable; almostscuspless2 a eee 76. A. dentiens.
Teeth arm wath -Shortysharp) CuUSpsSi2=2) se eee ee 77. A. disjuncta,
Teeth more separated, sometimes very large.
Spine nearly straight.
Spine strong and rather stout.
Leaf margin repand.
Ovary oflask- shaped 22 ise fee es oe Se 78. A. deserti.
Ovary EUSIORM sess oa) ee Ee 79. A. consociata.
Plcatnmanrcin, nearly. straight2=) = sie Sea 80. A. pringlei.
Spine very slender.
THEA VeSoTOUSH ENC a= he ee oe ee 81. A. cerulata.
Leaves smooth.
Perianth- segments 15 mm. long__-____________ 82. A. carminis.
Perianth segments: 20!mm:, longi 22 2 22 See 83. A. sobria.
Spine somewhat tortuous. Leaves roughened__________ 84. A. affinis.
HHHH. Leaves broadly lanceolate or oblanceolate.
Teeth small, closemtogethers G0) mm>s)\)s2 2222 ee 85. A. brandegeei.
Teeth larger and more separated.
Teeth gradually tapered. —
Teeth comparatively short and straight___________ 86. A. margaritae.
Teeth long and often hooked__--_-_____-____ 87. A. connochaetodon.
Teeth abruptly contracted from the base.
Spine undulate.) marcin -repandes2)_— <2 se eee 88. A. roseana.
Spinecand marcinustraight= 2-23) ee 89. A. avellanidens.
HHHHH. Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong; spine straight.
Mechielon re ANG ein ea ae ss ee 90. A. subsimplex.
WeeLnmcnoniesa@etachables= ss. 2 Se eee 91. A. nelsoni.
AAAA. Leaves horny-margined for the upper third or more, fleshy, large.
Leaves broad (3 times, or rarely 4 or 5 times, as long as wide).
Margin with few and rudimentary teeth or none_____-_--__-_~ 92. A. weberi.
Margin with numerous strong teeth.
Teeth confluent on much of the margin______________ 93. A. latissima.
Teeth joined by a horny margin only toward the end.
Leaves undulate, very crenate, green____-------_______ 94, A. ferox.
Leaves not very crenate if green.
Leaves deeply gutter-shaped______-_---__----- 96. A. compluviata.
Leaves not gutter-like.
Leaves scarcely twice as long as broad____-- 95. A. mitraeformis.
112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves three or four times as long as broad.
Leaves gray or glaucous, scarcely 1.5 meters long.
Teeth close (1.5 to 2 em. apart) ; margin incised_97. A. felina.
Teeth more separated or margin not incised.
Leaves gray-and-green-banded, often rough.
Teeth on fleshy hummocks____________ 98. A. subzonata.
Teeth without such hummocks___________ 99. A. zonata.
Leaves not conspicuously zoned.
Spine needle-shaped_______-_-_______ 100. A. gracilispina.
Spine stout-conical.
Leaves"acuminates2-- 322s 101. A. mellifiua.
Leaves acute.
Teeth on fleshy hummocks________ 102. A. quiotifera.
Teeth without such hummocks__108. A. crassispina.
Leaves green or slightly gray, plicate, 2 meters long.
104. A. tecta.
Leaves elongate (10 times as long as wide or longer).
Leaves smooth.
Leaves green (or relatively broad if gray), extremely large.
105. A. atrovirens.
Leaves gray.
Leaves very long (over 2 meters) and narrow. Teeth small. |
106. A. mapisaga.
Leaves moderate.
Leaves searcely repand (Pacific) __________ 107. A. schlechtendalii.
Leaves more repand (central)_____________.____ 108. A. bourgaei.
Leaves=white and! very largess =e.) 2 ees ee 109. A. mirabilis.
Leaves rough. Plants very glaucous except the green: scape.
110. A. franzosini.
II. LITTAHA. Flowers in a spike or spikelike cluster.
A. Leaves not striate-ridged.
B. Leaves neither filiferous nor with a detachable margin.
C. Leaves elongate, at most minutely denticulate.
Leaves rather fleshy, tapered from the base.
Leaves. with slender spine; flowers withering.
Margin denticulate.
Pedicels: distin ct= 2222 2 ee ee Se eee 123. A. yuccaefolia.
Pedicels ion-a peduncle: 2 ee 124. A. eduardi.
Marcin, SMOO tS i= = re SS ay eee ee ee 125. A. houghii.
Leaves without spine; flowers drying rotate____~~ 122. A. bracteosa.
Leaves rather stiff, oblong.
Leaves light green, narrow (searcely 1 cm. wide)
120. A. dasylirioides.
Leaves gray, broader (2 em. wide) —--------___-__ 121. A. intrepida.
CC. Leaves relatively broad, at most minutely denticulate.
Leaves without spine.
Leaves without spine or denticles.
Plants’ with elongate ‘trunk === =e eee 126. A. attenuata.
Plants nearly or quite acaulescent________-_- 127. A. ellemeetiana.
Leaves without spine but denticulate________________ 128. A. pruinosa.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. ETS
Leaves with pungent short spine.
PeavesenoOtsGentiCulatess so ths See ee 129. A. vilmoriniana.
heavyessminutely ‘denticulate_s_--- =="... 130. A. pedunculifera.
CCC. Leaves with evident spine and teeth.
Spine and teeth soft and weak or small.
Leaves glaucous or green. Teeth more or less irregularly connate.
131. A. celsii.
Leaves gray-green. Teeth mostly distinect______ 132. A. micracantha.
Leaves green, with pale median stripe______________ 133. A. pendula.
Spine and teeth firm and relatively large.
Teeth close together; leaves green_____________ 134. A. polyacantha.
Weeth more separated (10 mm. apart); leaves commonly glaucous.
Flowers yellowish white, moderate____________ 135. A. xalapensis.
Flowers deep yellow, large (75 mm. long)____186. A. macrantha.
BB. Leaves with soft dry border, spine, and teeth_________ 137. A. pumila.
BBB.-Leaves with detachable horny border and with pungent spine.
D. Leaves falcately ascending, thin, not repand.
Heiress oreen cor. biuisha 2 =... [ee 2s ae ee 138. A. lecheguilla.
Leaves gray-green, somewhat glaucous____---_______ 139. A. funkiana.
DD. Leaves spreading, rather narrow and thin, repand.
: 140. A. lophantha.
DDD. Leaves spreading, rather broad and usually thick.
Leaves relatively thin, without pale ventral stripe___.141. A. horrida.
Leaves thicker.
Leaves usually with pale ventral stripe -------- 142. A. roezliana.
Leaves without pale ventral stripe.
Heaves tleshy,- IncUrved = sa eee ee 148. A. ghiesbreghtii,
Weaveswirous Straleht se ee ____144. A. obscura.
DDDD. Leaves often faleate, ascending, thick and stiff.
Spine short (25 mm. long).
Teeth long (5 to 15 mm.) if widely separated___145. A. triangularis.
Teeth scarcely 5 mm. long, distant___.___-___-_____- 146. A. potrerana.
Spine long (over 50 mm. long). Spike very dense____147. A. kerchovei.
DDDDD. Leaves spreading, oblong, thin, or else fleshy rather than hard.
Horny margin of the leaf continuous.
Teeth not on green hummocks.
Leaves gray-green or blue-green, rather few _-148. A. inopinabilis.
Leaves light green or glaucous.
Leaves light green, scarcely glaucous.
Spikerveryscompact=—-==4 =o 28 sews ees ee 149. A. convallis.
SpUkxeerabhen 1OOSC. = aes: sas ee ee 150. A. expatriata.
Leaves glaucous.
Leaves flaecidly recurved__--__---_-_____-_ 151. A. dissimulans.
eaves: NOGIEeCCURVeO=_2 == =s a eee 152. A. angustiarum.
Teeth saddling fleshy hummocks.
’ Leaves rough. Teeth very broad__--_______ 153. A. xylonacantha.
Leaves smooth,
Heeth mammaetorm=* 2-5 S22 ae 154. A. washingtonensis.
ee hierrian elas sts ee Sth eee = ad ee Pe 155. A. splendens.
Horny margin interrupted in the middle_______________ 156. A. vittata.
DDDDDD. Leaves straight, 3-edged, very hard__157. A. victoriae-reginae.
BBBB. Leaves with (characteristically) detachable marginal threads, and
with pungent spine.
Ll4 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves small (scarcely 1 ecm. wide and 10 cm, long), denticulate at base.
Spine flat.
“Marginal threads coarse2--2---_-_--*==—22"- Ss. 158. A. parviflora.
Mareinal threads fines te oes Le See 159. A. toumeyana,
Spineiand leat tipunvolutes==e=2 2) ee ee 160. A. hartmani.
Leaves elongate, or broader in dwarf forms.
Leaves not recurving.
E. Leaves narrow (scarcely 1 cm. wide).
Leaves denticulate at base__--_______________ 161. A. mulfordiana,
heaves not identiculates sae ss er aes ees 162. A. schottii.
EE. Leaves moderately broad (1 to 2 cm.), not denticulate,
Threads coarse; /shaving-likel 2!" see) ee eee 163. A. schidigera.
DMhreadssine; couuinge 2= eee ae ee 164. A. angustissima.
EHF. Leaves relatively broad (2.5—-4 cm.), denticulate on suckers.
165. A. filifera.
Leaves recurving, very long and narrow___-______~_ 166. A. geminifiora.
AA. Leaves striate-ridged, linear, without coarse teeth or marginal threads or
horny margin.
Leaves long and narrow (0.5 cm. wide, 60 to 90 em. long) ; spine very slender.
167. A. striata.
Leaves shorter and broader (1 cm, wide, 25 to 50 em. long) ; spine stouter.
Leaves densely clustered, rhombic in section___-______ 168. A. echinoides.
Leaves fewer or laxer, often 3-sided.
ldeaves nearly smooth ons the margin’ === 2222 169. A. stricta.
Ibeavesiscabrid onsthenmanrcin= =) ae eee 170. A. falcata.
1. Agave panamana Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves thin, 5 cm. wide and 65 cm. long, with a blackish needle-shaped spine
scarcely 2 mm, wide and 10 mm. long, and small upcurved teeth 15 mm. apart
and 1 to 2 mm. long; inflorescence 1 to 3 meters tall; flowers 60 mm. long, with
segments equaling the tube, the filaments inserted about the upper third; freely
bulbiferous.
Panama (type, in the herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, from
Urava Island, Howe, in 1909).
Known as “ vara de San José.”
2. Agave rubescens Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 8, 306. 1834.
Agave flaccida Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 306. 1834.
Agave punctata Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 8, 306. 1834.
Agave densispina Cels, Cat. 1865.
? Agave erubescens Ellemeet, Belg. Hort. 1871: 119. 1871.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type cultivated in HKurope from an unspecified locality.
Nearly acaulescent; leaves gray, tinged with purple, 5 em. wide, 75 em. long,
with a brown spine 4 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, and very slender, upeurved,
orange or brown teeth 10 to 20 mm. apart and 3 to 4 mm. long, the translucent
margin straight between them.
3. Agave stringens Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves coneave, thin and recurving, very glaucous, 1 to 2 em. wide and 60
em. long or more, with a dark brown conical spine about 2 mm. wide and 8 mm.
long, and very sharp and slender, red or brown, curved teeth scarcely 5 mm.
apart and 1 to 2 mm. long, the intervening cartilaginous margin nearly straight.
Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Rfo
Blanco barranea, T'release, in 1904.
4. Agave angustifolia Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 72. 1812.
Agave wrightii Drummond, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 18: 27. 1907.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1 ees)
Yucatan or Honduras ?; what appears to be this, also, from Campeche (v.
Christman), in the Berlin herbarium; type cultivated in Europe from the
island of St. Helena, where, as everywhere in warm countries, it is planted.
Subeaulescent; leaves gray-green, 8 cm. wide, 40 to 65 em. long, with red-
brown ungrooved spine 4 mm. wide and 25 to 40 mm. long, and dark, variously
bent, very slender teeth 20 to 25 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long.
5. Agave bergeri Trel.; Berger, Agaven 250. 1915.
Leaves gray-green, granular-roughened, about 8 cm. wide and 100 ecm. long,
with red-chestnut or graying, half-round, rough spine 5 to 6 mm. wide and 20 to
25 mm. long, and red or black, hooked, very slender teeth 15 to 25 mm. apart
and 5 mm. long; inflorescence 5 meters tall; flowers 60 mm. long, green-
yellow, with segments twice as long as the tube; capsules 30 mm. broad and
60 mm. long, somewhat stipitate and beaked; seeds 8 mm. wide and 12 mm.
jong; bulbiferous.
Region ?; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, culti-
vated in Europe as A. rigida, Berger, in 1908. j ;
6. Agave lespinassei Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 18: 33. 1909.
Veracruz; type from Tuxpan.
Acaulescent ; leaves yellow-green, 6 to 7 cm. wide, 150 cm. long, with red-
brown spine 5 to 6 mm. wide and 30 to 85 mm. long, and very slender, mostly
upcurved, red-brown teeth 15 to 20 mm. apart and 1 to 2 mm. long, the inter-
vening cartilaginous margin somewhat hollowed. ‘“ Zapupe de Tepezintla,”
“zapupe de Vincent.”
7. Agave endlichiana Trel. Trans, Acad. St. Louis 18: 34. 1909.
Veracruz; type from Huatusco.
Acaulescent ; leaves green, transiently glaucous, 5 to 9 cm. wide, 80 to 125 cm.
long, with a garnet or chestnut spine 4 to 5 mm. wide and 15 to 30 mm. long,
and heavy, upcurved, garnet or chestnut teeth 10 to 30 mm. apart and 3 mm.
long, the intervening translucent margin nearly straight. ‘“Ixtle,” “ixtle
manso.”
8. Agave aboriginum Trel. Trans. Acad, St. Louis 18: 34. 1909.
Veracruz; type from Tuxpan.
Acaulescent ;- leaves yellow-green, somewhat gray, 5 to 11 cm. wide, 70 to
150 em. long, with brown, somewhat decurrent spine 4 mm, wide and 35 to
50 mm. long, and heavy upcurved teeth 20 to 35 mm. apart and 5 to 8 mm.
long sometimes with intercalated smaller ones, the intervening margin nearly
straight. “ Zapupe silvestre,” “ zapupe cimarro6n,” “ zapupe de Sierra Chontla ” ;
“wild zapupe.” 5
9. Agave deweyana’ Trel. Trans, Acad. St. Louis 18: 35. 1909.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Victoria, Tamaulipas.
Acaulescent; leaves yellow-green, somewhat transiently glaucous, 5 to 10 cm.
wide, 150 cm. long, with brown or purplish spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 15 to
40 mm. long, and slender upcurved teeth 15 to 45 mm. apart and 2 to 3 mm,
long. “ Zapupe de Tantoyuca,” ‘“ zapupe de Huatusco,”’ “ zapupe verde’;
“ereen zapupe.”
10. Agave zapupe Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 18: 32. 1909.
Veracruz; type from Tuxpan.
Acaulescent;-leaves dark green but glaucous, 8 to 10 em. wide, 150 to 200
em, long, with red-brown or blackening spine 4 mm. wide and 15 to 25 mm.
*Named for L. H. Dewey (1865-), of the U. S. Department of Agricul-
ture, well known for his work upon the fiber plants of Mexico and other regions.
116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
long, and slender upcurved teeth 15 to 80 mm. apart and 2 to 3 mm. long.
* Zapupe azul,” ‘“zapupe de Hstopier,’ “zapupe de San Bernardo”; “blue
Zapupe.”
11. Agave subtilis Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves ascending, glaucous, 10 to 15 cm. wide, 150 cm. long, with an acuminate
gray spine 5 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, this flattened to the middle, and with
rather slender-cusped, mostly upcurved teeth 20 to 50 mm. apart and 4 to 5
mm. long.
Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from
Tequila, Griffiths H, in 1909.
“ Chato”; a good mezcal species.
12. Agave longisepala Tod. Hort. Panorm. 2: 34. 1891. :
Jalisco(?); type cultivated in Europe; cultivated for mezcal at Tequila as
“mezcal grande.” :
Leaves spreading, gray-green, 15 to 20 cm. wide, 200 cm. long, with a large
conical or acuminate, flat-based, chestnut spine often 10 mm. wide and 25 mm,
long, and with deltoid teeth 30 to 50 mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, the
prevailingly upcurved cusps often suppressed; flowers 70 mm. long, with short
tube, the segments 30 mm. long.
13. Agave pedrosana Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves green, lightly glaucous, 10 to 15 cm. wide, 100 to 150 em. long, with
flexuous heavy flat-based chestnut spine about 10 mm. wide and 30 mm. long,
und with slender upcurved teeth 30 to 60 mm. apart and 2 to 4 mm. long.
Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, collected
at San Pedro, near Guadalajara, J’release, in 1903.
14. Agave gutierreziana Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves green, about 15 cm. wide and 200 cm. long, with a rather small
subulate ungrooved graying spine scarcely 5 mm. wide and 20 mm. long, and
with slender, sharply upcurved teeth 10 to 25 mm. apart and 5 to 6 mm. long.
Chiapas; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from
Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Gutiérrez, in 1908.
* Magueyon.”
15. Agave elongata Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 20: 501. 1864.
Agave spectabilis Tod. Hort. Panorm. 2: 4. 1879.
Region ?; type cultivated in Europe. ©
_ Leaves spreading, gray-glaucous, 10 to 18 cm. wide, 200 ecm. long, with
rather attenuate, chestnut or graying, flat-based spine 5 to 6 mm. wide and 20
to 30 mm. long, and slender, mostly upcurved teeth 10 to 15 mm. apart and 5
mm. long. é
16. Agave collina Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 296. 1897.
Morelos; type collected above Cuernavaca.
Acaulescent; leaves glaucous, somewhat green-banded across the back, 5 to 8
em. wide, 75 em. long, with red-brown or purplish brown spine 3 to 5 mm. wide
and 20 to 830 mm. long, and rather heavy, upecurved, blackish teeth 10 to 25 mm.
apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, the yellowish margin nearly straight between them.
17. Agave palmaris Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves ascending, gray, more or less glaucous, 10 to 15 cm. wide, 150 em.
long, with recurved, red or graying spine 4 mm. wide and 15 mm. long, and
mostly upcurved, slender teeth 20 to 30 mm. apart and 5 mm. long.
Jalisco; type, inthe herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Mazete-
pec, Dewey 657.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. LLy
“Mano larga,” “chino bermejo.” A good mezcal species; apparently culti-
vated for fiber in Sinaloa. A form with open spoon-shaped blunt spine fully
10 mm. wide (var. monstrosa) is cultivated as “ zapalote.”
18. Agave rhodacantha Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves green, lightly glaucous, 15 to 20 cm. wide, 250 cm. long or more, with
black-chestnut flat-based spine 5 mm. wide and 20 mm. long, and large heavy up-
curved teeth 20 to 60 or 70 mm. apart and 10 mm. long, from large lenticular
bases.
Sinaloa; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from
Mocorito, Lundstrom, in 1909.
“ Hspinoza.”
19. Agave pes-mulae Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves ascending, blue-green, glaucous, 6 to 8 em. wide, 100 to 150 em. long.
with red-brown spine about 3 mm. wide and 15 mm. long, and sharply upeurved
slender triangular teeth about 10 mm. apart and 3 mm. long.
Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from
Tequila, Griffiths B, in 1909.
“Pato de mula,” “ pié de mula.” <A good mezcal species.
20. Agave donnell-smithii* Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 144, 1915.
Guatemala ; type from Escuintla.
Acaulescent; leaves light green, glaucous beneath, 8 em. wide, 75 to 100 em.
long or more, with garnet or chestnut spine 4 mm. wide and 12 to 15 mm. long,
and rather slender upcurved teeth 15 to 25 mm. apart and 2 to 3 mm. long.
‘21. Agave karwinskii Zucec. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 16 7: 677. 1833.
? Agave lara Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 8. 1834.
? Agave viridissima Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 8: 137. 1877.
Agave corderoyi Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 8: 398. 1877.
Agave bakeri Ross, Boll. Soe. Sci. Nat. ed. Econom. Palermo. 1894°.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type cultivated in Europe, presumably from Tehuacan.
Trunk becoming 4 meters tall; leaves green or very transiently glaucous,
concave, 2 to 4 em. wide, 35 to 70 em. long, with dark brown spine 3 to 6 mm.
wide and 25 to 50 mm. long, and strong, upcurved, nearly black teeth 25 to 45
mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, the margin nearly straight between thei.
“ Candelillo.”
22. Agave decipiens Baker, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1892: 183. 1892.
Agave lazxifolia Baker in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 122: pl. 7477. 1896.
Southern Florida, around the coast (type cultivated in Europe without
recorded locality) ; presumably native in Yucatan.
Trunk 2 to 3 meters tall; leaves green, outcurved, rather fleshy and concave,
4 to 10 cm. wide, 70 to 125 cm. long, with dark chestnut spine 3 to 5 mm. wide
and 10 to 25 mm, long, and very slender flexous teeth 10.to 25 mm. apart and
2 mm. iong, these on fleshy prominences of the margin.
Cultivated (from a plant of Baja California) as A. spiralis. “ False sisal.”
*Named for Capt. John Donnell Smith (1829-), of Baltimore, Maryland,
well known for his extensive publications upon the botany of Central America.
Capt. Smith has made collections in Central America, and has directed botanical
explorations in many parts of that region. His large herbarium, which con-
tains a wide representation of Mexican plants, and his library, have been pre-
sented to the Smithsonian Institution, and are incorporated in the U. S.
National Herbarium.
118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
23. Agave sisalana Perrine, U. 8. Sen. 25th Congr. Sess. 2. Doc. 300. pl. 1, 2, 4.
1888.
Agave rigida sisalana Baker, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf, 1889: 254. 1889.
Yucatan; type cultivated in Florida from introduced plants,
Acaulescent; leaves at length bright glossy green, at first lightly glaucous,
nearly flat, 10 cm, wide, 150 em. long, with a chestnut spine 4 to 5 mm. wide
and 20 to 25 mm. long, the straight margin typically unarmed or with a few
very rudimentary teeth. ‘“ Yaxci,’” “ yax-qui,”’ “ green agave,” ‘“‘ Sisal hemp,”
or “ Bahama hemp.” :
The species most extensively planted, as a source of fiber, outside of YucatAn.
Called “‘ maguey tuxtleco” in Chiapas.
Sometimes occurring in a form as prickly as the preceding species (f. armata
Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 11: 49. 1918) ; and exceptionally with a trunk about
1 meter tall.
24. Agave candelabrum Tod. Hort. Panorm. 1: 66. 1876.
Agave rumphii and Agave laxa Hort.
Region ?; type cultivated in Europe.
Leaves uniformly spreading, green, 7 em. wide, 100 to 150 cm. long, with
conical brown spine 3 mm. wide and 15 to 20 mm. long, and sharply upcurved
teeth 10 to 25 or 30 mm, apart and 4 mm. long, the intervening margin straight.
Perhaps a green extreme of A. cantala.
25. Agave kirchneriana Berger, Agaven 252. 1915.
Acaulescent; leaves dull gray-green, slightly roughened, 7 em. wide, 125 cm.
long, with polished chestnut spine 5 mm. wide and 20 mm. long, and slender.
upcurved blackish teeth 15 to 20 mm, apart and 3 to 5 mm. long; flowers green,
50 to 55 mm, long, the openly conical tube half as long as the segments.
Guerrero; type from Xochipila or Zumpango.
“Maguey delgado”; yielding superior fiber and mezcal.
26. Agave pacifica Trel., sp. nov.
Acaulescent; leaves yellow-green, very lightly glaucous and zoned, 3.5 to 5
em. wide, 50 to 75 cm. long, the purplish red-brown spine 15 to 25 mm, long,
often abruptly contracted and slender above the decurrent base, the teeth usually
upeurved-triangular, 15 to 25 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, the intervening
cartilaginous margin straight; flowers greenish yellow, 50 mm. long, the openly
conical tube half as long as the segments; capsules shortly stipitate and
beaked, 25 mm. broad and 45 mm. long.
Sonora, Sinaloa, and Tepic; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical
Garden, from Creston Island, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Trelease, in 1904.
27. Agave cantala Roxb. Hort. Beng. 25. 1814.
Agave vivipara of authors, not L.
Agave flaccida Haw. Syn. Pl. Stice. 72. 1812.
Furcraea cantala Haw. Suppl. Pl. Suce. 42. 1819.
Furcraea madagascariensis Haw. Suppl. Pl. Suce. 42. 1819.
Agave madagascariensis Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 79. 1825.
Agave cantula Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2: 167. 1832.
Region ?; type cultivated in India.
Acaulescent; leaves glaucous, slightly green-lined longitudinally, faleate or
straight, ascending, 6 to 10 cm. wide, 150 cm. long, with slender-pointed conical
brown spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 15 to 20 mm. long, and red-chestnut, upcurved,
gradually very sharp-pointed teeth 20 to 30 mm. apart and 5 to 6 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 119
A close ally of the “ zapupe” and especially the ‘“‘ Tequila mezcal’”’ species;
cultivated for its fiber in the Philippines as “ maguey ” or “‘ Manila aloe,” and
in India where it is the source of ‘‘ Bombay hemp” or ‘‘ Bombay aloe fiber.”
Apparently one of the west-Mexican allies of A. tequilana, perhaps early
taken for its fiber to the Philippines and thence to India, from the Acapulco
region.
28. Agave tequilana Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 220. 1902.
Jalisco; type from about Tequila.
Shortly caulescent; leaves rather light bluish green and persistently glau-
cous, thin and nearly flat, 8 to 10 cm. wide, 125 em. long or more, with red-
brown or purple-brown spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 15 to 20 mm. long, and trian-
gular upcurved reddish teeth 10 to 15 mm. apart and 3 to 4 mm. long, the
intervening whitish margin slightly hollowed. ‘“ Mezcal azul” or “ chino azul.”
The common source of the distilled liquor, ‘‘ mezeal de Tequila.’”’” A number
of related forms are found in cultivation with this typical ‘azul.’ These,
probably all specifically separable as with the “ zapupe” complex, to which
they are related, are known as “mano larga,” “bermejo,” ‘ chato,”’ ‘‘ chino
bermejo,” “zapalote,” “pié de mula” or “pato de mula,” and “seguin” or
“ ziguin.”
29. Agave pseudotequilana Trel., sp. nov.
Shortly caulescent; leaves yellow-green, glaucous, rather thick, openly con-
cave, 15 em. wide, 175 to 200 cm. long, with dark red-brown, conical or acu-
minately tapered spine 4 to 7 mm. wide and 10 to 15 or 20 mm. long, and
sharply upcurved or flexed, triangular teeth on broad bases, 15 to 20 or 35 mm.
apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, the intervening margin nearly straight; inflorescence
ample, panicled; flowers unknown; capsules broadly oblong, 25 mm. broad and
45 mm. long, accompanied by bulbils.
Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from
Tuxpan.
“Mezcal blanco” or ‘‘ mezcal cucharo.”
30. Agave sullivani Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves green, about 10 cm. wide and 100 em. long, with a chestnut, very
short-conical spine, this abruptly pointed, or less commonly conical, and round-
grooved at base, 5 mm. wide and 10 to 15 mm. long, the teeth triangular, up-
curved, 20 mm. apart and 4 to 6 mm. long. :
Region ?; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, cultivated
for mezeal at La Paz, Baja California, Sullivan, in 1910.
81. Agave ixtli Karw. in Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 8, 304. 1834.
Yucatan; type cultivated in Europe, from Yucatan,
Acaulescent; leaves grayish, somewhat concave, scarcely 50 cm. long, with
spine and prickles much as in A. fourcroydes.
“Ixtle”; apparently including the plants known as “bab-ci,” ‘ chelem”
(which is A. silvestris D’Utra, Bol. Agr. S. Paulo, 1909: 169. 1909, and A. pro-
lifera Schott, in sched.), “ chucum-ci,” “ citam-ci” (which is A. minima D’Utra,
loe. cit.), “ pita-ci,” “ xix-ci,” and ‘“ xtuc-ci.” The specific name is variously
and often erroneously spelled.
32. Agave fourcroydes Lem. Ill. Hort. 11: Misc. 65. 1864. _
Agave rigida elongata Baker, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1892: 33. 1892.
Yucatan ; type cultivated in Europe from an unrecorded locality.
Trunk becoming 2 meters tall; leaves gray, rather flat, 8 to 10 ecm. wide,
150 to 250 em. long, with black-brown spine 4 to 6 mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm.
long, and moderately slender, somewhat upcurved, blackish teeth 10 to 20 mm,
120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
apart and 1 to 4 mm, long, the margin nearly straight between their somewhat
raised bases. ‘“ Sacqui,” ‘‘ sac-ci,” “ gray agave,” or “ henequén.”
The source of the larger part of the “ Sisal hemp” exported from Yucatén.,
83. Agave datylio Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 223. 1902.
Baja California; type from La Paz.
Acaulescent; leaves yellow-green or gray-green, 3 to 4 cm. wide, 30 to 75 em.
long, with purplish or blackish spine 4 to 6 mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm, long,
and glossy, chestnut, heavily triangular or slender-cusped teeth 20 to 30 or 50
mm. apart and 8 to 5 mm. long, the intervening margin nearly straight.
84. Agave vexans Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 62. 1911.
Baja California; type from Mulegé. :
Acaulescent; leaves gray-green, 2 cm. wide, 20 to 45 cm. long, with gray-
brown spine 3 to 5 mm. wide and 25 to 35 mm, long, and triangular or slender-
cusped, detachable teeth 15 to 20 mm. apart and 3 to 4 mm. long.
85. Agave nivea Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 148. 1915.
Guatemala; type from El] Rancho.
Acaulescent; leaves very glaucous, very concave, 15 cm. wide, 200 cm. long,
with black-chestnut spine 3 mm, wide and 15 to 20 mm. long, and triangular
slender-cusped teeth 80 to 50 mm. apart and 3 mm. long, their bases often
fleshy, the intervening margin nearly straight. v
36. Agave sicaefolia Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 141. 1915.
Guatemala; type from EH] Rancho.
Acaulescent; leaves gray, flat or concave, 7 to 8 cm. wide, 60 to 75 cm. long,
with purplish chestnut spine 4 mm, wide and 30 to 40 mm. long, and mostly
upcurved, slender teeth 15 to 35 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, the interven-
ing margin sometimes with smaller straight teeth.
37. Agave macroacantha Zuce. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 167: 676. 1833.
Agave pugioniformis Zuce. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 167: 676. 1833.
Agave flavescens Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 8, 305. 1834.
Agave flavescens macroacantha Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 1864: 500. 1864.
Agave bessereriana Van Houtte, Cat. 1868: 32. 1868.
Agave subfalcata Jacobi, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 1869: 179. 1869.
Agave linearis Jacobi, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 1869: 179. 1869.
Agave concinna Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 8: 137. 1877.
Agave sudburyensis Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 8: 137. 1877.
Agave paucifolia Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 9: 266. 1878.
Agave oligophylla Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 10: 492. 1878.
? Agave wiesenburgensis Wittm. Gart. Zeit. 4: 18. 1885.
Agave barteri Baker, Amaryll. 178. 1888.
? Agave integrifolia Baker, Amaryll. 185. 1888.
Puebla; type cultivated in Europe, probably from Tehuacaén.
Acaulescent; leaves glaucous, 2 to 4 (or 7) em. wide, 20 to 55 em. long, with
dark brown or blackish spine 4 to 6 mm. wide and 15 to 25 mm. long or more,
and heavy-based, rather upcurved teeth 15 to 20 mm. apart and 2 to 3 mm. long.
“ Hspadilla.”
88. Agave yaquiana Trel., sp. nov.
Acaulescent; leaves faleately erect, glaucous and green-zoned, 5 em. wide, 75
em. long, with brown decurrent spine 4 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, and rather
heavy, mostly upeurved, triangular teeth 15 to 20 or even 50 mm. apart and 36
mm. long, the intervening cartilaginous margin very slightly hollowed.
Sonora ; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from rocky
hillsides between Hermosillo and Ures, T’release 391.
“ Mezcal.”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. TOY
89. Agave desmettiana Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 217. 1866.
? Agave pallida Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 112. 1866.
? Agave regeliana Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 214. 1866.
? Agave ananassoides de Jonge & Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1868:
147. 1868.
Agave miradorensis Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1868: 156. 1868.
Veracruz; type cultivated in Europe, presumably from El Mirador, Huatusco,
though said to be from Brazil.
Leaves glaucous, nearly straight, 3 to 7 or 10 cm. wide, 75 to 100 cm. long,
with slender spine 4 to 5 mm. wide and 20 to 25 mm. long, entire above but with
minute, nearly colorless teeth some 5 mm. apart toward the base.
40. Agave thomasae Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 138. 1915.
Guatemala; type cultivated at Quezaltenango.
Leaves green, glaucous, 15 cm. wide, 60 em. long, with chestnut needle-
shaped spine 2 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, and minute, nearly straight teeth 5
- to 10 mm. apart and 1 to 2 mm. long, the margin straight between them.
41. Agave deamiana’* Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 139. 1915.
Guatemala; type from Fiscal.
Leaves grayish, 10 cm. wide and 100 cm. long, with purplish brown, needle-
shaped spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 40 mm. long, and slender teeth 10 to 20 mm.
apart and 2 to 4 mm. long, the margin straight between them.
42. Agave hurteri Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 136. 1915.
Guatemala; type from Zunil.
Leaves somewhat glaucous, 10 cm. wide, 75 to 100 em. long, with straight
chestnut spine 8 mm. wide and 40 mm. long, and more or less hooked, relatively
slender teeth 10 to 20 mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, the intervening margin
straight.
43. Agave tortispina Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 135. 1915.
Guatemala; type from Cruz.
Leaves yellow-green, white-glaucous, 10 cm. wide, 25 to 30 cm. long, with red
or smoky brown, very flexuous spine 4 mm. wide and 30 mm. long, and heavy,
nearly straight teeth 15 to 25 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long on prominent
fleshy hummocks.
44. Agave pachycentra Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 135. 1915.
Guatemala; type from Cruz.
Leaves green, blue-glaucous, 15 to 20 em. wide, 35 to 60 cm. long, with large
gray spine 8 mm. wide and 50 to 60 mm. long, and heavy recurved teeth 25 to 50
mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, these on prominent fleshy hummocks.
45. Agave kellermaniana’ Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 142. 1915.
Guatemala; type from Fiscal.
Leaves very glaucous, 8 to 10 cm. wide and 100 cm. long or larger, with
purple-chestnut spine 4 to 5 mm. wide and 30 to 85 mm. long, and upcurved
slender teeth 10 to 25 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, these sometimes on fleshy
prominences.
*Named for Charles ©. Deam, of Bluffton, Indiana, well known for his in-
vestigations of the flora of Indiana. Mr. Deam has also obtained an extensive
collection of plants in Guatemala.
? Named for W. A. Kellerman (1850-1908), of Ohio, known especially for his
investigations of parasitic fungi. He made large collections of plants in Guate-
mala.
132 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
46. Agave samalana Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 142. 1915.
Guatemala; type from Esperanza.
Leaves glaucous, 15 em. wide, 60 cm. long, with reddish or chestnut needle-
shaped spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 35 to 55 mm. long, and rather straight trian-
gular teeth 5 to 20 mm. apart and 1 to 3 or 5 mm. long, the nearly straight in-
tervening margin denticulate.
47. Agave lagunae Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 148. 1915.
Guatemala ; type from Amatitlin.
Leaves very glaucous, 8 to 10 cm. wide, 40 cm. long, with garnet spine 3 to 5
mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm. long, and variously curved teeth 20 to 40 mm.
apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, these on rather prominent fleshy hummocks between
which the margin is straight.
48. Agave minarum Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 139. 1915.
Guatemala; type collected near El Rancho.
Leaves yellow-green, 6 em. wide, 60 cm. long, with brown spine 5 mm. wide
and 45 mm. long, and detachable teeth 5 to 10 mm. apart, the intervening mar-
gin straight.
49. Agave seemanniana’* Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1868: 154.
1868.
Nicaragua (type from Segovia) and Guatemala.
Leaves glaucous, 8 cm. wide, 35 em. long, with purplish brown spine 2 to 4
mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm, long, and triangular teeth 10 to 20 mm. apart and
2 to 3 mm. long, the margin hollowed between them.
50. Agave tenuispina Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 140. 1915.
Guatemala; type from Cruz. . 5
Leaves glaucous, 20 em, wide, 70 cm. long, with dull brown needle-like spine
38 mm, wide and 60 to 70 mm. long, and rather heavy curved teeth 20 to 40
mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, the margin hollowed between them.
51. Agave opacidens Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 23: 140. 1915.
Guatemala; type from Cruz.
Leaves glaucous, 8 to 10 em. wide, 75 em. long, with dull brown spine 6 mm.
wide and 50 to 60 mm, long, and heavy, nearly straight teeth 20 to 50 mm.
apart and 5 to 8 mm, long, these on rather fleshy prominences.
52. Agave lurida Ait. Hort. Kew. 1: 472. 1789.
Veracruz; type cultivated in Europe; scarcely known except in cultivation.
Leaves glaucous, rather thin and curved, with a slender spine 3 to 4 mm.
wide and 25 to 30 mm. long, and small teeth about 10 mm, apart and 3 mm.
long, these usually not on fleshy bases.
53. Agave rasconensis Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves rather thin and more or less outeurved, about 10 cm. wide and 75 em,
long, gradually acute, glaucous, with needle-shaped, somewhat round-grooved,
glossy red-brown spine about 4 mm. wide and 30 mm. long, and broadly tri-
angular teeth 20 to 50 mm. apart and 6 mm. long, these on somewhat raised
prominences between which the margin is nearly straight; inflorescence about
§ meters tall, paniculate; flowers 90 to 95 mm. long, short-pediceled, somewhat
stipitate, the tube 12 to 15 mm, deep, scarcely half as long as the segments,
*Berthold Seemann (1825-1871) was a native of Hanover, who from 1847
to 1851 was naturalist of H. M. S. Herald. In Mexico he collected in the states
of Sinaloa and Durango, and probably elsewhere. He collected also in Panama,
and published an extended account of his botanical discoveries.
- STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 123
the filaments inserted in its throat; capsules 25 mm. broad and 50 mm, long,
stipitate but scarcely beaked ; seeds 7 mm. wide and 10 mm. long.
San Luis Potosi; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden,
from Rascon, Trelease 75.
54. Agave vera-cruz Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Hae no. 7. 1768.
Agave mexicana and Agave theometel of authors.
Veracruz (?); type cultivated in Europe, nominally from that region; also
established in Peru. Extensively planted about the Mediterranean, and culti-
yated as “blue aloe” in Mauritius, Amoy, and India.
Leaves glaucous, rather fleshy and straight, 15 to 17 cm. wide, 150 cm. long,
with short stout gray spine 5 to 6 mm. wide and 20 to 25 mm. long, and deltoid
teeth on low fleshy prominences.
55. Agave verschaffeltii Lem. in Verschaffelt, Cat. 1866—7, f.; Il]. Hort. 15:
pl. 564. 1868.
Puebla; type cultivated in Europe, pretty clearly from about Tehuacan.
Leaves glaucous, 7 cm. wide, 15 to 17 cm. long, obovate-oblong, acuminate,
with twisted light brown spine and long rust-brown teeth on very high fleshy
prominences. ‘“ Papalometl.”
A beautiful polymorphic small species, at one time popular in European
gardens under distinctive varietal names, of which over 30 have been listed—
one of the introducers advertising as many varieties as there are plants.
Among the names preoccupied by these as specific are A. albida, A. amoena,
A. auricantha, A. bedinghausii, A. bonneti, A. cochleata, A. crenata, A. croucheri,
A. cucullata, A. elegans, A. imbricata, A. leopoldi, A. prolifera, A. pulverulenta,
A, quadreta, A. rotundifolia, A. saundersii, A. serrata, A. serrulata, A. simsii,
A. streptacantha, and A. tehuacanensis.
56. Agave megalacantha Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 55. 1880.
Valley of Mexico; type from the lava fields.
Leaves gray, short-obovate, acuminate, 10 cm. wide, 15 to 20 em. long, with
brown or gray spine 5 mm. wide and 40 mm. long, and rather stout, mostly
upceurved teeth about 20 mm. apart and 5 mm. long, these from very high fleshy
prominences.
57. Agave guadalajarana Trel., sp. noy.
Leaves dull and: pale but scarcely glaucous, cuneate-obovate, rather obtuse,
8 cm. wide and 12 cm, long, with red-chestnut curved spine 3 mm. wide and
25 mm. long, and triangular teeth, the upper ones 7 mm. long and from high
fleshy prominences; inflorescence panicled, with short, more or less connate
pedicels ; flowers 60 mm. long, the perianth segments equaling or shorter than
the tube; capsules stipitate and beaked, 15 to 20 mm. wide, 35 mm. long.
Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from
Guadalajara, Pringle 4473. 4
58. Agave potatorum Zucc. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 16°: 675, 1833.
Puebla; type cultivated in Hurope (from about Tehuacdn ?).
Leaves oblanceolate, acute, 8 to 10 cm. wide, 30 to 40 cm. long, with straight,
dull brown spine, and rather small teeth on.low fleshy prominences, gray in
the typical form, and green in that which has been called A. scolymus Karw.
(in Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 307. 1834).
59. Agave mescal Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 8: 94. 1865.
Agave hookeri Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 168. 1866.
Michoacaén (type locality about Tejulpico on the Balsas River ?), Sinaloa,
and Sonora,
126651—20—_9
124 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves dark green, oblong-obovate, acute, 15 to 25 cm. wide, 100 to 150 cm.
long, rather thin, with slender brown spine and rather long teeth from the
tops of fleshy prominences between which other teeth occur on the hollowed
margin. ‘ Mezcal,” ‘“ lechuguilla.”’
60. Agave fenzliana Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 170. 1866.
Agave inaequidens Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 3: 28. 1860.
Michoacin (?); type cultivated in Europe.
Leaves dull light green, 15 to 20 em. wide and 150 cm. long or more, with
long brown spine and unequal, rather small teeth more or less raised on
prominences.
61. Agave cupreata Trel. & Berger; Berger, Agaven 197. 1915.
Leaves gray, oblanceolate, acute, 20 em. wide, 75 cm. long, with copper-colored,
somewhat twisted spine 5 mm, wide and 45 mm. long, and large, variously
curved, unequal, similarly colored, flat teeth 30 to 60 mm. apart and 10 to 15
mm. long, these clasping the tops of large fleshy prominences; panicle 10 meters
tall; flowers yellow, 55 to 60 mm. long, the tube about 10 mm. long.
Michoacan and Guerrero; type from the Sierra Madre.
“Maguey de mezcal.”
62. Agave shawii Hngelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 814. 1875.
Northwestern Baja California, near the coast. Southern California; type
from Point Loma.
-Trunk 1 meter tall; leaves green, glossy, acuminate, 6 to 12 cm. wide, 25 to
50 cm. long, with flexuous needle-shaped red spine 3 to 6 mm. wide and 20 to
40 mm. long, and large, garnet, variously curved teeth 10 to 25 mm. apart and
10 to 15 mm. long, connected by a horny band; filaments inserted about the
middle of the perianth tube.
63. Agave orcuttiana’* Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 47. 1912.
Northwestern Baja California, near the coast; type from San Quintin.
Trunk reaching a height of 8 meters; leaves green, with gray spine 4 mm.
wide and 20 to 25 mm. long, and large curved gray teeth with- horny connection;
filaments inserted above the middle of the tube.
64. Agave sebastiana Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 214. 1885.
Western coast region and islands of middle Baja California; type from
Cedros Island.
Leaves glaucous, rather acute, 6 to 10 em. wide, 15 to 30 em. long, with
red-brown or gray spine 5 to 6 cm. wide and 20 to 50 mm. long, and nearly
-straight teeth 15 mm. apart and 3 to 5 or even 10 to 15 mm. long, with horny
connection ; filaments inserted above the middle of the tube.
65. Agave pachyacantha Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 48. 1912.
Northwestern coast region of Baja California; type from Todos Santos Bay.
Leaves rather gray, acuminate, 10 to 12 cm. wide, 25 to 40 or 75 cm. long,
with straight heavy chestnut spine 6 to 9 mm, wide and 25 to 40 mm, long, and
mostly recurved, heavy teeth 15 mm. apart and 10 mm. long (or sometimes
almost suppressed), with connecting horny line; filaments inserted toward the .
top of the tube.
*Named for C. R. Oreutt (1864-), for many years a resident of California,
who has collected plants in various parts of Mexico, but especially in Baja
California. Many specimens of his collection are in the U. S, National Her-
barium.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 125
66. Agave goldmaniana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 49. 1911.
Eastern Baja California; type from Yubai.,
Trunk short; leaves grayish, 10 cm. wide, 50 cm. long, with nearly straight
blackish spine 7 mm. wide and 40 mm. long, and teeth 15 to 80 mm. apart and
up to 10 mm. long, these very nearly triangular, often connected by a horny
band, the intervening margin nearly straight.
67. Agave applanata Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 1862: 83. 1862.
Veracruz; on the lava fields about Limon; type cultivated in Europe, without
recorded locality.
Leaves glaucous, 10 to 15 cm. wide, 100 to 150 cm. long, with purplish or
gray, somewhat flexuous, long-decurrent spine 6 to 7 mm. wide and 385 to 45
mm. long, and more or less recurved, triangular teeth 25 to 50 mm. apart and
5 to 8 mm. long, the upper ones connected by a horny line.
68. Agave scabra Salm-Dyck, Bonplandia 7: 86. 1859.
Agave wislizeni Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 320. 1875.
Agave noah Nickels, Cat. 26: 20.
Coahuila; type from San Sebastian, Sierra de Noa.
Leaves dull gray, smooth, acute, 10 to 15 cm. wide, 20 to 25 cm. stone with
somewhat curved and décurrent, chestnut or gray spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and
15 to 20 mm. long, and more or less curved, narrowly triangular teeth 15 to
20 mm. apart and 8 to 8 mm. long, the margin between them slightly hollowed.
69. Agave huachucensis Baker, Amaryll. 172. 1888.
Southern Arizona (type locality, Huachuca Mountains), and perhaps adjacent
Mexico.
Leaves in a globose cluster, dull gray, essentially smooth, acute, 10 to 15 em.
wide, 16 to 30 cm. long, with more or less flexuous and decurrent, red-chestnut
or gray spine 5 to 6 mm, wide and 25 mm. long, and usually recurved, narrowly
triangular teeth 15 mm. apart and 4 to 7 mm. long, the margin between these
usually concave.
70. Agave parrasana Berger, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 250. 1906.
Coahuila; type from Sierra de Parris.
Leaves green, lightly glaucous, obovate, long-acuminate, 6 to 8 em, wide,
10 em. long or more, with slender-tipped spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 50 mm.
long, and more or less recurved triangular teeth about 10 mm. apart and 51 mm.
long, on fleshy prominences.
71. Agave chihuahuana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 90. 1911.
Chihuahua; type locality near Chihuahua.
Leaves grayish, somewhat acuminate, 10 to 15 cm. wide, 15 to 25 em. long,
with purplish chestnut spine 4 to 7 mm. wide and 25 to 35 mm. long, and
triangular teeth 15 to 25 mm. apart and 6 min. long, the margin between them
nearly straight; filaments inserted far above the middle of the tube.
72. Agave parryi Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 311. 1875.
Mountains of northern Chihuahua. Southern Arizona and New Mexico;
type from Santa Rita, New Mexico.
Leaves gray, acute or somewhat acuminate, 6 to 10 cm. wide, 25 to 30 cm.
long (exceptionally 15 cm. wide and 40 cm. long), the spines nearly straight,
from chestnut becoming gray, 5 to 6 mm. broad and 20 to 25 mm. long, the
teeth straightish or gently recurved, 15 to 20 mm. apart, 3 to 5 mm. long;
filaments inserted nearly in the throat of the perianth tube.
73. Agave patonii-Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 92. 1911.
Durango; type locality, Chinacates.
Leaves grayish, more or less acuminate, 20 cm. wide, 30 cm. long, with nearly
straight purplish spine 6 mm. wide and 30 to 35 mm. long, and relatively
126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
slender recurved teeth 20 to 25 mm. apart and 6 to 7 mm. long, the intervening
margin nearly straight; filaments inserted in the throat of the perianth tube.
74. Agave aurea T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 207. 1889.
Eastern Baja California; type locality, Purisima.
Leaves gray-green, acuminate, 10 to 15 em. wide, 75 to 100 cm. long, with
conical or acuminate chestnut spine 3 to 5 mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm. long,
and very unequal, triangular, often upcurved teeth 10 to 20 mm. apart and
4 to 8 mm. long, from fleshy prominences.
75. Agave promontorii Trel. Rep. Mo, Bot. Gard. 22: 50. 1911.
Cape region of Baja California; type locality, Sierra de la Laguna.
Leaves rather glaucous; spine more acuminate and curved.
76. Agave dentiens Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 51. 1911.
Islands off the Sonora coast; type from San Esteban Island.
Leaves glaucous gray-green, 3 to 5 cm, wide, 30 to 50 cm. long, with ash-
colored or brown-tipped spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm. long, and
minute whitish friable teeth 5 to 10 mm. apart and scarcely 1 mm. long, the
margin nearly straight.
77. Agave disjuncta Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 51. 1911.
Islands of Baja California; type locality, San Benito Island.
Differs from the preceding in its firmer browner teeth.
78. Agave deserti Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 310, 370. 1875.
Colorado Desert of southern California (type locality east of San Felipe),
and possibly adjacent Baja California.
Leaves gray, slightly granular, 5 cm. wide, 15 to 30 cm. long, with brown or
fading, needle-shaped spine 38 mm. wide and 30 mm. long, and rather friable
teeth 5 to 10 mm. apart and 3 to 4 mm. long, from rather prominent fleshy
hummocks ; ovary flask-shaped, 15 to 20 mm, long, equaling the perianth,
79. Agave consociata Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 538. 1911.
Southern California and adjacent Baja California; type locality, San Felipe,
California,
Leaves gray, 6 cm. wide, 20 to 30 em. long, with brown spine 3 to 4 mm,
wide and 25 to 30 mm. long, and triangular teeth 10 to 30 mm. apart and
4 to 8 mm. long, the intervening margin somewhat hollowed; ovary fusiform,
25 to 30 mm. long, exceeding the perianth. :
80. Agave pringlei Hngelm.; Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 54. 1911.
Baja California; type from the central plateau.
Leaves gray, 5 cm. wide, 15 to 40 em. long, with drab or brown-tipped spine
3 to 5 mm. wide and 25 to 35 mm. long, and easily detachable triangular teeth
15 to 25 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, the intervening margin nearly straight.
81. Agave cerulata Trel, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 55, 1911.
Central Baja California; type locality, Calmalli.
Leaves gray or glaucous, somewhat rough, 2 to 4 cm. wide, 30 cm. long, with
gray-brown spine 2 to 4 mm. wide and 30 mm. long, and friable teeth 10 to 15
or 25 mm. apart and 3 mm. long, from fleshy marginal hummocks.
82. Agave carminis Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard, 22: 55. 1911.
Islands of eastern Baja California; type locality, Carmen Island.
Leaves grayish, smooth, 5 em. wide, 80 to 40 em. long, with needle-shaped,
light. brown spine 2 mm, wide and 35 mm. long, and firm, variously curved,
narrowly triangular teeth 20 to 30 mm. apart and 5 mm. long, from low fleshy
prominences between which the margin is nearly straight.
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. Log
STANDLEY
838. Agave sobria T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 207. 1899.
East-central Baja California; type locality, mesas about Comondt.
Leaves glaucous, about 60 cm, long, with chestnut or glaucous, narrowly
triangular, variously curved teeth 20 to 30 mm. apart and 8 to 10 mm. long,
the intervening margin more or less hollowed.
84. Agave affinis Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 56. 1911.
Eastern Baja California; type locality, Concepcién Bay.
Leaves glaucous gray-green, rough, 5 em. wide, 50 cm. long, with somewhat
wavy, light brown or faded, nearly straight, narrowly triangular teeth 10 to
20 or 40 mm. apart and 5 to 7 mm. long, from low prominences between which
the margin is somewhat concave.
85. Agave brandegeei Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 57. 1911.
Cape region of Baja California; type from the mountains.
Leaves grayish yellow-green, 10 cm. wide, 60 cm. long, with stout, conical
or acuminate, recurved, red-brown spine 4 mm. wide and 20 mm. long, and.
gently upcurved, broadly triangular teeth 10 mm. apart and 2 mm. long, the
intervening margin straight.
86. Agave margaritae T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 206. 1889.
Islands of southwestern Baja California; type locality, Magdalena Island.
Leaves green or transiently glaucous, acuminate, 6 to 10 em. wide, 12 to 20
em. long, with somewhat undulate, needle-shaped, chestnut or fading spine 3
mm. wide and 25 mm. long, and narrowly triangular, curved teeth 10 mm.
apart and 6 to 8 mm. long, on low fleshy prominences.
87. Agave connochaetodon Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 58. 1911.
Southwestern Baja California ; type locality, Santa Maria Bay.
Leaves somewhat glaucous light green, 6 cm. wide, 25 cm. long, with red or
drab, flexuous, needle-shaped spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 40 to 50 mm. long,
and triangular, often much hooked teeth 15 to 20 mm. apart and 10 to 15 mm.
long, the intervening margin hollowed.
Perhaps a form of the preceding with larger and peculiarly curved marginal
teeth.
88. Agave roseana Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 59. 1911.
Southeastern Baja California; type locality, Espiritu Santo.
Leaves glaucous gray-green, 15 cm. wide, 50 cm. long, with glaucous, pur-
plish brown or fading, tertuous, needle-shaped spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 50
to 70 mm. long, and large, flat, broadly triangular, often much and diversely
curved teeth 30 mm, apart and 10 to 25 mm. long, on large fleshy prominences.
89. Agave avellanidens Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 60. 1911.
East-central Baja California; type locality, Paraiso.
Leaves long-acuminate, 11 cm. wide and 60 em. long or, more, with conical
Wavy drab spine 5 mm. wide and 50 mm. long, and similarly colored, variously
curved, very broadly triangular teeth 25 to 50 mm. apart (sometimes with an
intermediate smaller one) and 10 mm. long, the intervening margin slightly
hollowed.
90. Agave subsimplex Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 60. 1911.
Islands of Sonora; type locality, Seal Island, near Tiburén.
Leaves very glaucous, 5 cm. wide, 15 cm. long, with nearly straight, light
gray, needle-shaped spine 3 mm. wide and 20 mm. long, and purplish black or
red or fading, narrow triangular, variously curved teeth 10 to 20 mm. apart
and 5 to 10 mm. long, on fleshy prominences between which the margin is
nearly straight.
128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
91. Agave nelsoni Trel. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 61. 1911.
North-central Baja California; type locality, San Fernando.
Leaves glaucous, 7 cm. wide, 18 to 35 em. long, with blackish or fading spine
5 mm. wide and 30 cm. long, and fragile, brown or whitish, broadly triangular
teeth 10 to 20 mm, apart and ) mm. long, the intervening margin nearly
straight.
92. Agave weberi Cels; Poisson, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 231. 1901.
Coahuila, Nuevo Le6én, Durango, and San Luis Potosi; type cultivated in
Europe, from Moctezuma, San Luis Potosi.
Leaves nearly straight, 15 cm. wide, 120 to 200 em. long, green, somewhat
glaucous, with straight brown spine 5 mm. wide and 40 to 50 mm. long, the
margin typically without teeth but sometimes bearing a very few small rudi-
mentary teeth; capsules 30 mm, broad and 55 mm, long, stipitate but scarcely
beaked ; bulbiferous.
“Maguey liso”; yielding aguamiel and containing a usable fiber.
93. Agave latissima Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 20: 499, 551. 1864.
Agave gracilis Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl, Cult, 1870: 150. 1870.
Agave macroculmis Tod. Hort. Panorm. 2: 51. 1891.
Michoacén; type cultivated in Hurope.
Leaves bright green or slightly glaucous, 20 to 30 em. wide, 100 to 150 em.
long, with a stout conical spine as much as 25 mm, long, or a very heavy com-
pressed spine base 20 mm. wide and 10 to 20 mm. long bearing a somewhat
refracted tip 3 mm. wide and 5 mm. long, and short triangular teeth 20 to 30
mm. apart and 1 to 2 mm. long, or these commonly closer together or almost
or quite confluent and from half-round graying horny bases.
Yielding “aguamiel” and fiber. Sometimes grown in gardens as A. coccinea.
$4. Agave ferox Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd, Gartenb. 3: 23. 1860.
Valley of Mexico; type cultivated in Europe under a name suggesting con-
fusion with the next.
Leaves acuminate, rather abruptly outcurved above the middle, undulate
and very deeply crenate, green, 30 cm. wide, 120 em. long, with long, sometimes
flexed, gray spine 8 to 10 mm. wide and 60 mm. long, and rather recurved
teeth 15 mm. long and 30 to 60 mm. apart on very high fleshy prominences.
95. Agave mitraeformis Jacobi, Abh. Schles, Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1868: 145. 1868.
Agave coarctata Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges.. Vaterl. Cult. 1868: 147. 1868.
Puebla and adjacent Veracruz; type cultivated in Europe; the name taken
for the common ‘‘maguey cimarré6n” of the vicinity of Tehuacan.
Leaves long-acuminate, concave, slightly gray-and-green-zoned, 30 cm. wide,
75 em. long, with long, relatively slender spine and large triangular teeth
between which the margin is concave.
Cultivated sometimes as A. bonnettiana and A. selloum.
96. Agave compluviata Trel. in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 234. 1914.
Durango; type locality, Pueblito.
Leaves gray, zoned with green, acute, deeply gutter-shaped, with upcurved
sides, the back somewhat ridged, 40 cm. wide and 120 em. long or more, with
rather long conical gray spine and triangular, more or less recurved, rather
large teeth between which the margin is somewhat hollowed. ‘‘ Maguey verde.”
Cultivated for aguamiel and a sort of pulque.
97. Agave felina Trel., “sp. nov.
Leaves dull, glaucous, 20 cm. wide, 150 cm, long, with slightly flexuous spine
7 mm. wide and 45 mm. long, and clawlike teeth 15 to 20 mm. apart and 5 tu
10 mm. long, the intervening margin repand or often incised.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 129
Durango; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from
Pueblito, Trelease.
“Maguey chino.”
98. Agave subzonata Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves gray, somewhat zoned with green, smooth or slightly rough, acute,
80 cm. wide, 120 cm. long, with stout gray spine 5 to 10 mm. wide and 30 mm.
long, and rather heavy curved triangular teeth 40 to 50 mm. apart on very
high fleshy prominences; panicle 5 meters tall, sparingly branched at top;
filaments inserted about the middle of the rather long perianth tube; capsules
stipitate and beaked, 2 cm. broad, 4.5 cm. long; seeds 5 mm. wide, 6 to 7 mm.
long.
Nuevo Le6n; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, col-
lected at Monterrey, Trelease; common in hedges.,
99. Agave zonata Trel. in Bailey, Stand, Cycl. Hort. 1: 234. 1914.
Nuevo Le6n; type locality, Monterrey ; common in hedges.
Leaves broadly and distinctly green-and-gray-banded, rough, acuminate, 25
em. wide and 100 cm. long or more, with long, rather slender spine and rather
distant triangular teeth between which the margin is very concave; capsules
stipitate but scarcely beaked, 2.5 cm. broad, 4 to 4.5 cm. long; seeds about 5 mm.
wide and 8 mm. long. “ Maguey verde.” ~
100. Agave gracilispina Engelm.; Leichtlin, Cat, 1882; Trel. in Bailey, Stand.
Cycl. Hort. 1: 234. 1914.
Agave salmiana gracilispina Rol.-Goss. Rev. Hort. 68: 11. 1896.
San Luis Potosi; type locality, San Luis Potosi.
Aspect of the next, but the spine very long and needle-like. ‘* Maguey blanco.”
Planted for pulque. The leaf fiber of this and some of the following, as well
as of the marginate species, is known as “ ixtle.”
101. Agave mellifiua Trel. in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 234, 1914.
Nuevo Leén; type locality, Monterrey.
Leaves light gray, slightly roughened, l6ng-acuminate, 30 cm. wide, 120 to
200 cm. long, with long, relatively slender, gray spine 4 to 6 mm. wide and
35 to 45 mm, long, and heavy-based, abruptly rather triangular-cusped teeth
20 to 50 mm. apart and 10 mm. long, on fleshy prominences; panicle 5 to 6
meters tall,*rather narrow, sometimes bulbiferous; capsules stipitate and some-
what beaked, 2.5 em. wide and 5 em. long.
“ Maguey serrano,” “ maguey manso,” “ maguey chino”; cultivated for agua-
miél and the so-called pulque fermented from it there.
102. Agave quiotifera Trel.; Ochoterena, Mem. Soc. Alzate 33: 102. 1913.
Durango; type locality, Pueblito.
Leaves light gray, acute, moderately concave, about 30 cm. wide and 120 em.
long or more, with conical gray spine 8 mm. wide and 150 mm. long, and tri-
angularly recurved teeth 25 to 40 mm. apart and about 4 mm. long, on low
fleshy or horny bases between which the margin is nearly straight; inflorescence
6 meters tall; flowers 70 to 80 mm, long, yellow, the tube and segments equal.
“Maguey ceniso”; cultivated in hedges; sometimes used for aguamiel, or
the flower stalk allowed to develop and cut for “ quiote,” which is sold on the
streets and chewed like sugar cane.
103. Agave crassispina Trel. in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1: 234. 1914.
San Luis Potosi and Durango; type locality, about San Luis Potosi.
Aspect of the preceding, but the leaves 25 cm. wide and 100 cm. long, only
Slightly gray, the spine very stout, 15 to 18 mm. wide, 50 to 80 mm. long, and
130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
the large teeth 25 to 50 or 70 mm, apart and 10 to 15 mm. long, from abruptly
dilated bases, sometimes on very prominent fleshy hummocks. ‘“ Maguey
cimarron.”
Agave crassispina culta Trel., var. nov., differs from the type in its smaller
spine and marginal teeth. San Luis Potosi; type locality, San Luis Potosi.
“Maguey manso’’; planted for pulque.
104. Agave tecta Trel. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 28: 145. 1915.
Guatemala; type cultivated in hedges at Quezaltenango.
Leaves gray-green, very thick and broad, spreading, plicate above the middle,
50 ecm. wide, 200 cm. long, with purple-chestnut or gray spine 5 to 7 mm. wide
and 45 to 65 mm. long, and recurved triangular teeth 40 to 70 mm. apart and
8 mm. long; scape densely covered by broad appressed imbricate bracts.
“ Maguey.”
105. Agave atrovirens Karw. in Salm-Dyck, Hort, Dyck. 7, 302. 1834.
Oaxaca and Puebla; type locality, Mount Tanga, near Cajonos, Oaxaca.
Leaves dark green, very thick, ascending at the end, contracted at base,
30 to 40 cm. wide, 200 to 250 or even 400 cm. long, with elongate conical gray
spine, and triangular teeth about 10 mm. long from low widened bases between
which the margin is nearly straight. ‘ Maguey verde grande.”
Very extensively planted on the plains of Apam, in many forms, and the
principal source of the pulque industry of Mexico, amounting to something like
five million pesos annually. The most prized of the many forms planted are
“maguey manso” and ‘‘ maguey manso fino.” Some mezcal called “ mezcal de
pulque”’ is distilled from pulque.
No fewer than 32 forms from about Apam are enumerated and their spines
and marginal teeth pictured by P. and I. Blasquez in a “ Tratado del Maguey,”
published at Puebla; and half as many more are listed for the District of
Cholula. These lists contain the following Latin names—hardly employed
according to botanical usage: Agave acerva, A. aspera, A. blanda, A. cereus,
A. cervus, A. cholulensis, A. cinerea, A. citrulacea, A. crispa, A. echidne, A.
elegans, A. flava, A. foliosa, A. funis, A. glauca, A. insulsa, A. lutea, A. lutea
mayor, A. maculata, A. maximilianea, A. miniata, A. nigra, A. pallida, A.
praestans, A. procera, A. profusa, A. rubra, A. silvestris, A. smaragdina, A.
spinaceum, A. spinosa, A. spinosissima, A. superba, A. torosa, A, variegata, A.
vesca, A. violacea, and A. viridis. Aztec names, based on the word metl and
not maguey, are given frequently to the forms recognized by planters.
Quite as disconcerting as to differentiate these, is any effort to recognize a
number of the nominal species of this group based on young plants cultivated
in European gardens a generation ago. A gray-leafed form closely allied to
the green atrovirens but with leaves less narrowed at base is var. salmiana
(A. salmiana Otto in Salm-Dyck, Bonplandia 7: 88. 1859), the scape of which
is densely covered by long, somewhat spreading bracts, and of which the most
glaucous extreme is A. salmiana glauca Becker (Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8:
150). An exceptionally broad-leafed form is var. cochlearis (A. cochlearis
Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1871: 151. 1871), known in Sicilian
gardens as A. whitakeri. ;
106. Agave mapisaga Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves green, slightly glaucous, narrow, rather straight but outeurving in
age, 15 em, wide, 175 to 250 em. long, with rather short and recurved, chestnut
or gray spine 4 to 8 mm. wide and 30 to 85 mm. long, and small but broad-
based teeth 15 to 30 mm. apart and 1 to 2 mm. long, the intervening margin
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. lou
nearly straight; inflorescence 8 meters tall or more; flowers green-yellow, 70
mm. long, the perianth segments equaling the tube.
Distrito Federal; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden,
from Tacubaya, Trelease.
“Maguey mapisaga’”’; planted for pulque.
107. Agave schlechtendalii Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 20: 555. 1864.
Region ?; type cultivated in Europe from seed said to have come from
Sonora,
Known only from young plants rather closely comparable with those of
atrovirens, but the gray leaves thinner and more outcurving.
108. Agave bourgaei’* Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves gray, aS much as 10 to 15 em. wide and 150 cm, long, with conical
gray spine 3 mm. wide and 30 mm. long, and triangular teeth some 10 mm.
apart, the intervening margin more or less hollowed; panicle 3 meters tall or
more; flowers 70 to 75 mm. long, the perianth segments nearly twice as long
as the tube, the filaments inserted above the upper third of the tube.
Valley of Mexico; type, in the herbarium of the Museum of Natural History,
Paris, collected on the lava fields, Bowrgeau 1020; also Bourgeau 13899 and
Pringle 6677.
109. Agave mirabilis Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves smooth, bright dark green when abraded, but densely white-pruinose,
40 cm, wide, 200 to 250 cm. long, often reflexed above the middle, with long
gray spine 6 mm. wide and 80 mm, long, and triangular, more or less recurved
teeth mostly 30 to 60 mm. apart and 10 to 15 mm. long, these abruptly dilated
at base; inflorescence 8 to 10 meters tall, the thick (25 cm.) scape with very
narrow reflexed bracts; flowers 70 to 80 mm. long, the tube and segments
equal; capsules 25 mm. broad, 40 mm. long, not stipitate but shortly apiculate;
seeds 6 to 7 mm. wide, 8 to 10 mm. long.
Puebla ?; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Las
Vigas, Trelease.
“ Maguey blanco”; planted in hedges.
110. Agave franzosini Baker, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1892: 3. 1892.
Locality ?; type cultivated on the Riviera.
Leaves very rough, glaucous, often recurving, 20 to 30 cm. wide, 200 to 300
em. long, with stout decurrent conical smoky-gray grooved spine 10 mm. wide
and 55 mm. long, and abruptly broadly triangular teeth 30 to 70 mm. apart
and 5 to 10 mm. long, these often from fleshy prominences; scape green.
111. Agave marmorata Roezl, Belg. Hort. 33: 238. 1888.
Agave todaroi Baker, Amaryll. 195. 1888.
Puebla; type locality unquestionably the Cerro Colorado near Tehuacan.
Leaves very rough, gray, green-zoned, 25 to 40 cm, wide, 100 to 150 cm. long,
with short, stout, curved, dull red spine 5 to 15 mm. wide and 20 mm. long,
and large, rough, rusty brown teeth 15 to 40 mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long,
sometimes in pairs, from fleshy prominences. ‘‘ Maguey curandero,” or
“‘ pitsomel.”
*H. Bourgeau was a member of the French Scientific Commission of 1865-66.
He had had previously wide experience as a botanical collector in the Old
World, and his Mexican collection was an extensive one. It was gathered
chiefly in the Valley of Mexico and in Veracruz. A large number of his
specimens are in the U. S. National Herbarium. He died at Paris in 1877.
hae CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
112. Agave abrupta Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves straight or somewhat upcurved, 15 to 30 em. wide, 150 to 175 em. long,
very glaucous, very concave and deeply plicate toward the abrupt end, with
heavy, conical, somewhat recurved spine 8 mm, wide and 25 mm. long, and
small, variously curved, triangular teeth 15 to 80 or 40 mm. apart and only
about 2 mm. long, but from conspicuous fleshy or horny prominences; inflores-
cence 7 to 8 meters tall.
Jalisco; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from La
Barca, Trelease, in 1901; cultivated in hedges.
113. Agave wercklei Weber, sp. nov.
Acaulescent; leaves glaucous, bluish or white, abruptly upcurved above the
base, 15 em, wide, 125 to 200 cm. long, with somewhat recurved, grooved, conical,
brown or gray spine 4 to 6 mm. wide and 25 to 35 mm. long, and triangular
straight brown teeth 15 to 25 mm. apart and 3 mm. long, these sometimes on
fleshy prominences or with the intervening margin hollowed; inflorescence 8
meters tall; flowers chrome-yellow, pumpkin-scented, 60 mm. long, the perianth
segments twice as long as the tube; capsules 15 mm, broad and 45 mm. long;
seeds 4 mm. wide and 6 mm. long; bulbiferous.
Costa Rica; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, culti-
vated at San José, Alfaro é Tonduz 17553.
Sometimes cultivated under the name of A. costaricensis.
114. Agave expansa Jacobi, Abh. Schles, Ges. -Vaterl. Cult. 1868: 151. 1868.
Region ?; type cultivated in Europe.
Leaves gray, oblong, uniformly spreading, straight, acute, concave, about
20 cm. wide and 200 cm. long, with brown or gray, straight or slightly recurved,
grooved spine 8 to 10 mm. wide and 25 to 80 mm. long, this acutely pointed
from the very base, and with heavily triangular teeth 30 to 60 mm. apart and
5 to 8 mm. long, these with dilated bases, often from fleshy hummocks.
Extensively planted in southern Arizona (Tucson) and California (Los
Angeles) as A. americana, from which its unreflexed leaves and more acutely
pointed, somewhat prismatic spine distinguish it. °
115. Agave americana L. Sp. Pl. 323. 1753.
Native ?; type cultivated in Europe, probably originally from a Mexican
hedge-row ; established freely about the Mediterranean.
Leaves gray, acute, outcurved or reflexed at end, 15 to 20 cm. wide, 200 to
250 cm. long, with brown, somewhat curved, conical spine 5 mm. wide and
25 mm. long, and triangular, more or less recurved teeth 15 to 50 mm. apart
and about 5 mm. long, on fleshy prominences.
It is this plant, cultivated in the Azores, ete., from which the “pita” used
in the drawn work of those islands is procured. Early records of the economic
uses of ‘Agave americana” and “A. mexicana’ commonly refer to other species,
such as A. fourcroydes and A. atrovirens.
116. Agave picta Salm-Dyck, Bonplandia 7: 88, 1859.
Native ?; type cultivated in Europe.
Equally large and very similar, the darker and clearer green leaves 17 to
18 em. wide, 225 em. long, with a marginal band of yellow (as in one form,
var. marginata, of the preceding), the spine straight and needle-shaped.
“Maguey pinto,” ‘“ maguey listado.”
Much planted. On the Mediterranean coast seedlings are said to be invari-
ably green (var. viridis Trel. in Bailey, Stand, Cycl. Hort. 1: 235. 1914; A.
ingens Berger, Hort. Mortolensis. 12, 360. 1912), and no doubt correspond to
the normal type of foliage.
= ¢
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. io
117. Agave asperrima Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 20: 561. 1864. :
Texas, on the lower Rio Grande; and adjacent Coahuila, Zacatecas, and
Durango; type cultivated in Europe, supposedly from Texas.
Leaves dull glaucous green, rough, 15 to 20 em. wide, 120 cm. long, with
decurrent brown spine 3 to 4 or 6 mm. wide and 30 to 55 mm. long, and vari-
ously curved triangular teeth 20 to 30 mm. apart and 7 to 10 mm. long, these
saddling and sometimes confluent over high fleshy hummocks.
Seeds were distributed to gardens by Engelmann as A. longispina.
118. Agave palmeri* Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 319. 1875. .
New Mexico, Arizona, and adjacent Sonora; type locality, mountains of
southern Arizona.
Leaves blue-green, smooth, varying much in shape and attenuation, ascend-
ing or outcurved or spreading, about 8 to 10 cm. wide and 45 to 70 cm. long,
with nearly straight, needle-shaped, somewhat decurrent, garnet or purplish,
finally fading spine 2 to 4 mm. wide and 20 to 40 mm. long, and variously
straight or curved, very unequal, triangular teeth commonly 10 to 20 mm.
apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, the intervening margin straight or much hollowed.
119. Agave fiexispina Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves green or bluish, smooth, regularly spreading, deeply concave, 6 em.
wide and 12 cm. long (or much more ?), with flexuous spine 5 mm. wide and
30 mm. long, this very openly flat-grooved, with acute margin at base, the
slender unequal teeth scarcely 10 mm: apart and often nearly 10 mm. long, the
margin between them sharply incised; flowers nearly sessile, agreeing with
those of the last preceding species.
Durango; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from
Tepehuanes, Palmer 330, in 1906.
120. Agave dasylirioides Jacobi & Bouché, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 21: 344. 1865.
Guatemala 2; type cultivated in Europe; Berlin Herbarium material referring
the collection to the igneous mountains near Quezaltenango, Warscewicz, or
southern Mexico.
Leaves outcurved and then ascending, thin and flat, light green, 10 to 15 mm.
wide, 25 to 80 cm. long, unarmed except for the small flattened brown spine;
spike 1.5 to 2 meters tall, recurving.
121. Agave intrepida Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 567. 1899.
Moreios; type locality, El Parque, above Cuernavaca.
Leaves gray, spreading, 2 cm. wide, 50 cm. long, with somewhat flexuous
needle-like brown spine 1 to 2 mm. wide and 10 mm. long, the margin almost
microscopically denticulate; spike 1 to 1.5 meters tall, commonly recurving.
122. Agave bracteosa S. Wats. Gard. Chron. n. ser. 18: 776. 1882.
Nuevo Le6n; type locality, near Monterrey.
Leaves gray, rather soft, openly ascending with recurved tips, 4 em. wide, 45
em. long, without spine, the margin minutely denticulate; inflorescence 1 to 2
meters tall, the scape densely covered with outcurved narrow bracts; flowers 30
*The species is named in honor of Edward Palmer (1831-1911), an English-
man by birth, who was for most of his life a resident of the United States.
He spent many years in Mexico in botanical exploration, and his collections
are surpassed in extent, probably, by those of no other collector. His work in
Mexico began about 1870 and was continued until 1910. He collected chiefly
in the northern states, but some of his plants were obtained as far south as
Guerrero and Veracruz. His earlier collections were the basis of special
reports by Gray and Watson, and many new species have been based upon his
specimens.
134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
mm. long, the marcescent perianth segments about equaling the tube. ‘‘Amole de
Yastilla.”
123. Agave yuccaefolia DC. in Red. Liliac. 6. pl. 328, 329. 1812.
Region ?; type cultivated in Europe; said to be from Real del Monte,
Hidalgo.
Trunk short; leaves glaucous, rather soft, recurved, 2.5 ecm. wide, 60 em.
long, long-tapering, with minute slender spine, the margin minutely denticulate ;
inflorescence 8 meters tall; flowers 85 mm. long, the perianth segments almost
distinct.
124. Agave eduardi Trel., sp. nov.
Habit ?; leaves glaucous, 6 cin. wide, 100 cm. long, long-attenuate, with slen-
der brown spine about 1 mm. wide and 10 mm. long, and entire margin; scape
covered by long narrow bracts; pedicels connate into a peduncle some 15 mm.
long; flowers yellow, 40 mm. long; ovary flask-shaped, 20 mm. long, the tube
narrow, about one-third as long as the segments, the filaments inserted in its
throat; capsules searcely glaucous, 8 mm. broad, 20 mm. long.
Durango; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from
San Ramon, Palmer 135, in 1906. ‘
125. Agave houghii Hort.
A similar, if separable, plant, of the barraneca of the Rio Blanco, near
Guadalajara, Jalisco, with stronger spine and smooth margin.
126. Agave attenuata Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 7, 303. 1834.
Agave glaucescens Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. III. 18: pl. 5333. 1862.
Hidalgo; type cultivated in Europe (from about Real del Monte ?).
Trunk 1 to 1.5 meters tall, sometimes prostrate; leaves 15 to 20 em. wide, 60
to 100 em. long, glaucous, without either spine or prickles; spike 1.5 to 3 meters
tall, often recurving, sometimes very bulbiferous in age.
127. Agave ellemeetiana Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 21: 457. 1864.
Veracruz ?; type cultivated in Europe (from about Jalapa ?).
Nearly acaulescent; leaves 15 cm. wide and 60 cm. long or more, glaucous,
without either spine or prickles; spike 1.5 to 3 meters tall, straight.
128. Agave pruinosa Lem. in Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 21: 449. 1864.
Agave debaryana Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1869: 164. 1869.
Agave kellockii Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vater]. Cult. 1869: 165. 1869.
Michoacin ?; cultivated in Europe; the Volcan Jorullo is given as the source
of A. debaryana.
Nearly acaulescent; very similar to the preceding, but the leaves with close-
set minute denticles.
129. Agave vilmoriniana Berger, Repert. Nov. ‘Sp. Fedde 12: 5038. 1913.
Jalisco ?; cultivated in Europe, introduced by Diguet.
Leaves green or bluish or glaucous, softly fleshy, narrowly linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, with slender, subulate, shortly decurrent spine 3 to 4 mm. long, the
margin without teeth.
130. Agave pedunculifera Trel., sp. nov.
Habit ?; leaves 12 to 15 em. wide, 65 em. long, thin, glaucous, oblanceolate,
acuminate, with dull red-brown needle-shaped spine 2 mm. wide and 15 mm.
long, the margin with minute denticles about 2 mm, apart; inflorescence small,
the pedicels aggregated on short slender forking peduncles 15 to 20 mm. long;
capsules fusiform, 5 to 8 mm. broad, 20 mm. long; seeds dull, very small, 2 mm.
wide, 2.5 mm. long.
Sinaloa; type, in the U. S. National Herbarium, from Colomas, Rose 1713.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 35
131. Agave celsii Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. III. 12: pl. 4934. 1856.
? Agave brauniana Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 216. 1866.
? Agave thompsoniana Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 262. 1866.
? Agave smithiana Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 263. 1866.
? Agave humboldtiana Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 264. 1866.
San Luis Potosi; type cultivated in Europe from an unrecorded locality.
Leaves glaucous, 10 cm. wide, 30 to 45 ecm. long, with slender weak spine
scarcely 1 mm. wide and 5 to 10 mm. long, and very irregular, close-set or con-
fluent, green teeth 5 to 10 mm. apart and 2 to 3 mm. long, a little horny at the
tip only. ;
The four synonyms, based on specimens cultivated from about San Luis
Potosi, seem to refer to forms of this species with greener foliage; and A.
rupicola Regel, A. lamprochlora Jacobi, and A. perlucida Jacobi differ little.
132. Agave micracantha Salm-Dyck, Bonplandia 7: 98. 1859.
Hidalgo or Veracruz?; type cultivated in Europe from an unrecorded locality.
Leaves gray-green, 8 to 12 cm. wide, 40 to 60 cm. long, with slender weak
spine and small close-set dark teeth, these sometimes almost suppressed.
Nominal but closely related species cultivated in gardens from unrecorded
localities and evidently of this alliance, are A. albicans Jacobi, A. chloracantha
Salm-Dyck, A. bernhardii Jacobi, A. bouchei Jacobi, A. haseloffii Jacobi, ? A.
martiana Koch, A. mitis Salm, A. muilmanni Jacobi, A. oblongata Jacobi; and
A, wallisii Jacobi, said to be from Colombia.
133. Agave pendula Schnitts. Zeitschr. Gartenb. Ver. Darmstadt 6: 7. 1857.
Agave aloina Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 3: 37. 1860.
Agave sartorii Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb, 3: 37. 1860.
Agave noackii Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 261. 1866.
Agave rubrocincta Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1868: 153. 1868.
Agave caespitosa Tod. Hort. Panorm. 1: 32. 1876.
Veracruz; type cultivated in Europe, but collected at El Mirador, Huatusco.
More or less caulescent, the trunk sometimes 60 cm, tall; leaves deep green
with paler median stripe above, about 8 cm. wide and 100 cm. long, with
searcly pungent end and minute brown teeth 5 mm. apart and 1 mm. long;
inflorescence nodding.
134. Agave polyacantha Haw. Rev. Pl. Succ. 35. 1821.
Agave densiflora Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. III. 18: pl. 5006. 1857.
?Agave chiapensis Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 213. 1865.
Agave ottonis Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 320. 1865.
Agave salmdyckii Baker, Gard. Chron, n. ser. 8: 490. 1877.
Veracruz (type cultivated in Europe, from an unspecified source, about 1800)
and Chiapas ?.
Leaves green though transiently glaucous, 5 to 15 em. wide, 25 to 60 or 100
em. long, with dark firm spine 2 to 3 mm. wide and 15 mm. long, and rather
small close-set brown teeth 3 to 5 or 10 mm. apart and 2 to 3 mm. long; spike
sometimes budding at tip and base.
Species evidently of this group, but of unrecorded habitat, are A. botterii
Baker, A. decaisneana Jacobi, A. engelmanni Trel., A. galeottei Baker, A.
guedeneyri Houll., and A. warelliana Baker.
Other less closely placed garden aloid species, supposedly from Mexico, are
A. ehrenbergii Jacobi, A. goeppertiana Jacobi, A. horizontalis Jacobi, A. kewen-
sis Jacobi, A. lindleyi Jacobi, A. melanacantha Lem., A. regia Baker, A. rudis
Lem., and A. rupicola Regel.
136 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
135. Agave xalapensis Roezl in Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 21: 61. 1864,
Agave uncinata Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 21: 104. 1864.
Veracruz above Cruz Verde, Las Vigas; type cultivated in Europe, from
unrecorded locality.
Leaves green or glaucous, 5 to 12 em. wide, 25 to 75 em. long, with dark firm
brown spine 3 to 5 mm. wide and 5 to 30 mm. long, and red or blackish strong
flat teeth 5 to 7 mm. apart and 5 mm. long; spike often budding at tip.
136. Agave macrantha Tod. Hort. Panorm. 2: 11. 1879.
Region ?; type cultivated in Europe.
Leaves spatulate-obovate, uncurved, glaucous, as much as 12 cm. wide and
30 to 50 cm. long, with chestnut spine 8 mm. wide and 20 to 30 mm. long, and
firm brown teeth 6 to 15 mm. apart and 2 to 3 mm. long; flowers large for
the group, about 80 mm. long, the yellow or bronzed perianth segments nearly
15 mm. wide and twice as long as the tube,
137. Agave pumila Baker, Amaryll. 172. 1888.
Region ?; type cultivated in Kurope.
Very small (scarcely 5 em. in diameter), with few round fleshy concave
leaves, these dark-lined on the back and with soft whitish spine, and teeth
somewhat connected by a similar margin.
The smallest of all agaves. Sometimes cultivated under the name A. simoni
or A. simonis.
138. Agave lecheguilla Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound, Bot. 213. 1859.
Agave poselgeri Salm-Dyck, Bonplandia 7: 92. 1859.
Agave multilineata Baker, Amaryll. 168. 1888.
? Agave nissom Baker, Gard. Chron. 1874: 529. 1874.
Texas and Chihuahua to Tamaulipas and Zacatecas, in a variety of forms;
type locality, western Texas.
Leaves faleately ascending, green or bluish, the upper face often with a paler
stripe and the back with narrow green lines, 2 to 3 cm. wide, 40 to 60 cm. long,
with brown or graying spine 4 mm. wide and 30 to 50 mm. long, and mostly
gently recurved triangular teeth 20 to 40 mm. apart and 3 to 7 mm. long, joined
by a nearly straight detachable horny border scarcely 1 mm. wide. With
flowers in short compact glomerules it is f. glomerulifiora Engelm. (A.
glomerulifiora Berger, Hort. Mortol. 12. 1911).
“ Lechuguilla ”’; much used for cordage, brushes, bagging, etc., and exported
as “ ixtle.”
139. Agave funkiana Koch & Bouché, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb, 8:
47. 1860.
Nuevo Leén and Tamaulipas; type cultivated in Europe, without recorded
locality.
Leaves scarcely falcate, ascending, light green or gray-green, slightly glau-
cous, with pale ventral stripe and dark-lined back, 3 to 5 cm. wide, 50 to 75,
em. long, with brown-tipped gray spine 3 mm. wide and 15 to 25 mm. long,
and mostly gently recurved triangular teeth 20 to 50 mm. apart and 5 mm. long,
joined by a nearly straight or slightly concave detachable border about 1 mm.
wide.
“Txtle de Jaumave”; of better quality than the last preceding species.
140. Agave lophantha Schiede, Linnaea 4: 581. 1829.
Agave heteracantha Zuce. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 167: 675. 1833.
Veracruz; type locality, Malpais de Naulingo.
Leaves uniformly spreading, apple-green or dark blue-green, sometimes with
pale ventral stripe and dark dorsal lines, 3 to 5 em. wide, 30 to 60 em. long,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. T3%
with gray-brown spine 38 mm. wide and 20 mm. long, and conspicuously unequal
and variously curved, narrowly triangular teeth 20 to 30 mm. apart and 8 to
7 mm. long.
When the median stripe is most pronounced it is var. wnivittata (A. univittata
Haw. Phil. Mag. 10: 415. 1831) ; but the marking is not confined to this species.
141. Agave horrida Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 20: 546. 1864.
Morelos, abundant above Cuernavaca on the lava fields; type cultivated in
Hurope without indication of locality.
Leaves uniformly spreading, rather thin, green, without ventral stripe or dor-
sal lines, 6 to 7 cm. wide, 30 em. long, with red-brown graying spine 3 mm. wide
and 20 to 40 mm. long, and large flat hooked teeth 15 to 30 mm. apart and 5 to
15 mm. long, the connecting undulate horny border 2 to 3 mm. wide.
142. Agave roezliana Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 7: 528. 1877.
Agave horrida laevior Jacobi, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 1869: 178.
1869.
Puebla; type cultivated in Europe, but now known to have come from Te-
huacan.
Leaves uniformly spreading, thick, green, sometimes with paler ventral stripe
but not dark-lined on the back, 5 to 10 em. wide, 30 to 40 em. long, with
brown or fading spine 3 mm. wide and 20 to 25 mm. long, and heavily triangular
teeth 10 to 15 mm. apart and 6 to 20 mm. long, the nearly straight horny inter-
vening margin 1 to 3 mm. wide.
Plants with very short and broad leaves and exceptionally large teeth consti-
tute var. nana (A. horrida nana Laurentius, Cat. 1869: 12. 1869; A. gilbeyi
horrida Baker, Gard. Chron. 1873: 1305. 1873) ; and a form with elongate, nar-
rowly oblong leaves and often reduced teeth is var. peacockii (A. peacockii
Croucher, Gard. Chron. 1873: 1400. 1873).
143. Agave ghiesbrechtii Koch, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 5: 83. 1862.
Region ?; type cultivated in Europe.
Leaves upceurving, concave, fleshy, grayish green or bluish green, without dis-
tinct ventral stripe or dorsal lines, 5 to 7 em. wide. 18 to 20 em. long, with
spine scarcely 15 mm. long, and gray, triangular, nearly straight teeth scarcely
10 mm. apart and 5 mm. long, the connecting horny border under 2 mm. wide.
The form with- shorter, more heavily bordered leaves is A. rohanii Jacobi
(Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 20: 545. 1864) ; and that with elongate, narrowly bordered
leaves is A. leguayiana J. Verschaffelt (Pr. Cour. 1868: 2. 1868).
144, Agave obscura Schiede, Linnaea 18: 4138. 1844.
Agave grandidentata Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 114. 1866.
Agave horrida micracantha Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 7: 621. 1877.
Veracruz; common on the lava beds about Limén; type locality, lava fields
of La Joya.
Densely subglobose; leaves uniformly spreading, gray, 10 cm. wide, 30 ecm.
long, with gray spine 3 to 8 mm. wide and 25 to 30 mm. long, and triangular,
straight or variously curved teeth 5 to 10 mm. apart and 3 to 5 mm. long, the
intervening margin 1 to 2 mm. wide. ‘‘ Lechuguilla.”
145. Agave triangularis Jacobi, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 1869: 178.
1869.
Puebla; type cultivated in Europe from near Tehuacan.
Leaves ascending, thick and very rigid, dull gray-green, without ventral stripe
or dorsal lines, about 5 cm. wide and 25 cm. long, with gray spine 3 mm. wide
and 20 to 25 mm. long, and large, gently curved teeth 15 to 25 mm. apart and 5
to 15 mm. long, the nearly straight intervening margin 1 to 2 mm. wide.
With numerous but small teeth it is var. rigidissima (A. rigidissima Jacobi,
Wochenschr. Ver. Befédrd. Gartenb. 1869: 179. 1869); and with few and
138 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
minute or no teeth it is var. subintegra (A. kerchovei inermis Baker, Gard.
Chron. n. ser. 7: 527. 1877).
146. Agave potrerana Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves faleately ascending, triangular, rigid, transiently glaucous, without
ventral stripe or dorsal lines, 5 to 6 cm. wide, 80 cm. long, with gray spine
83 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, and narrowly triangular, rather straight teeth
commonly 10 to 15 mm. apart and 3 to 4 mm. long, the nearly straight connect-
ing horny margin about 1 mm. wide; flowers about 50 mm, long, the perianth
segments and tube about equal; capsules oblong-pyriform, 10 to 12 mm. broad,
80 to 835 mm. long; seeds 3 mm. wide, 4 mm. long.
Chihuahua; type, in herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from
Potrero Peak, Pringle 302.
147. Agave kerchovei Lem. Ill. Hort. 11: 64. 1864.
Puebla ?; type cultivated in Europe,
Leaves uniformly spreading-or ascending, triangular, rigid, gray-green, 7 to
10 em. wide, 40 to 50 em. long, with gray spine about 5 mm. wide and 50 to
70 mm, long, and triangular teeth 30 to 50 or even 100 mm. apart and 10 to
20 mm. long, each sometimes with an adjoining denticle, the straight connect-
ing margin 2 to 3 mm. wide; spike extremely compact.
148. Agave inopinabilis Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves faleately spreading or ascending, oblong or gradually narrowed from _
base to point, gray-green or bluish-green, somewhat glaucous when young, 4 to
6 cm. wide, 100 cm. long, with dull brown or fading spine 5 mm. wide and
50 mm. long, and large,-flat, brown, hazel-colored, or dead-gray, triangular, |
often doubled teeth commonly 50 to 100 mm. apart and 10 to 30 mm. long,
the connecting margin 2 to 4 mm. wide; capsules oblong, 8 to 12 mm. wide;
12 to 30 mm. long; inflorescence rather lax; flowers claret-colored, 35 mm.
long, the perianth segments almost distinct; seeds 2 mm, wide, 4 mm. long.
Puebla; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from Te-
huacin, Trelease, in 1908.
149. Agave convallis Trel., sp. noy.
Leaves uniformly spreading, light green, 6 cm. wide, 50 cm. long, with gray
spine 4 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, and heavily triangular, brown-tipped, some-
what recurved teeth 50 to 60 mm. apart and 6 to 10 mm. long, the nearly
straight intervening border about 1 or 2 mm. wide but lenticularly widened
beneath each tooth; inflorescence 3 to 4 meters tall; flowers creamy or bronzed,
85 to 40 mm. long, with very short tube.
Oaxaca; type, in herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from El
Pariain, Trelease 4, in 1905.
150. Agave expatriata Rose, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard, 11: 82. 1900.
Region ?; type cultivated at Washington.
Leaves uniformly spreading, light green, 6 to 9 em. wide, 75 cm. long, with
slender spine 15 to 25 mm. long, and triangular, unequal, variously curved
teeth 10 to 20 mm. apart and 5 to 10 mm. long, the intervening straight border
about 1 mm. wide.
151. Agave dissimulans Trel., sp. noy.
Leaves widely and flaccidly spreading or recurved, glaucous, more or less
tinged with red, 7 em. wide, 80 to 100 cm. long, with gray spine about 5 mm.
wide and 50 mm. long, and heavily triangular, somewhat curved teeth 15 to 30
mm. apart and 6 to 15 mm. long, the intervening straight border 1 or 2 mm.
wide; inflorescence 2 to 3 meters tall; flowers whitish, glaucous, 30 mm. long,
with very short tube; capsules 12 mm. broad, 20 to 25 mm. long,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 139
Oaxaca; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from
Mexia, 7'release.
152. Agave angustiarum Trel., sp. nov.
Leaves openly spreading, rather thin, glaucous, 5 to 13 cm. wide, 80 to 100 cm.
long, with very slender spine 25 to 35 mm. long, and rather slender and curved
teeth 15 to 40 mm. apart and 2 to 6 mm. long, the nearly straight intervening
border scarcely over 1 mm. wide; inflorescence 1.5 to 4 meters tall; flowers
glaucous greenish white, 35 to 40 mm. long, with very short tube; capsules 12 to
15 mm. broad, 25 mm. long; seeds 2 to 3 mm. wide, 3 to 5 mm. long.
Guerrero; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden, from
the canyon between Naranjo and Los Amates, Trelease.
153. Agave xylonacantha Salm-Dyck, Bonplandia 7: 92. 1859.
Agave amurensis Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 20: 548.°1864.
Agave kochii Jacobi, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 22: 117. 1866.
Hidalgo and San Luis Potosi; type cultivated in Europe, said to be from San
Luis Potosi, but later records include Ixmiquilpan and Real del Monte.
Leaves loosely spreading, rather thin, undulate or contorted, dull, mostly
grayish green, rough, the back with darker lines, 5 to 12 em. wide, 30 to 60 cm.
long, with flexuous gray spine about 5 mm. wide and 40 to 50 mm. long, and
large, triangular or confluently broad and very irregular teeth 15 to 40 mm.
apart, these 10 to 15 mm. long, and nearly as broad over green prominences
between which the nearly straight connecting horny margin is 1 to 2 mm. wide.
154. Agave washingtonensis Baker & Rose, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 9: 121. 1898.
Region ?; type cultivated at Washington.
Leaves SPading: dark green, smooth, 7 to 10 cm. mide 75 em. long, with
very Short slender spine and small mammaeform teeth scarcely 10 mm. apart
and 2 mm. long, these concave at base and connected by a very narrow horny
border. :
155. Agave splendens Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1870: 147. 1870.
Region ?; type cultivated in Europe.
Leaves uniformly spreading, often with axillary branches, dark blue-green,
glaucous when young, smooth, somewhat pale-banded above and dark-lined be-
neath, 4 to 5 em. wide, 35 to 60 cm. long or more, with slender, more or less
flexuous, gray spine 30 mm. long, and unequal, often doubled, variously curved,
triangular teeth 20 to 40 mm. apart and 6 to 12 mm. long, these concave at base
and connected by a moderately heavy border.
156. Agave vittata Regel, Gartenflora 7: 313. 1858.
Agave haynaldi Tod. Hort. Panorm. 1: 88. 1876.
Agave toneliana Baker, Gard. Chron. 1881: 362. 1881.
Nuevo Leon ; type cultivated in Europe, probably from the CES about
Monterrey. _
Leaves spreading along a distinct short trunk, dark green, often with pale
ventral stripe, 6 to 7 em. wide, 70 em. long, with slender brown-tipped spine 20
mm. long, and variously curved triangular teeth 25 to 50 mm. apart and 4 to 7
mm. long, these on more or less oblique fleshy prominences, the very narrow con-
necting horny border frequently apsent from the middle of the leaf.
157. Agave victoriae-reginae Moore, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 4: 484. 1875.
Agave consideranti Carr. Rev. Hort. 1875: 429, 1875.
Nuevo Le6én, Coahuila, and Durango; type locality near Monterrey, Nuevo
Le6n.
Leaves very many, very hard and crowded in a round cluster, dark green,
4 to 6 em. wide, 15 to 20 em. long, acutely 3-sided, with 1 or 3 black apical
126651—20—_10
140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
spines 5 to 10 mm. long, these decurrent into marginal and usually dorsal
detachable horny borders.
“Noa”; the short but strong fiber used for bundles.
With fewer leaves, and consequently forming a less compact plant, it is f.
nickelsi (A. nickelsi Rol. Goss. Rev. Hort. 1895: 579. 1895). “ Pintillo.”
158. Agave parviflora Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 214. 1859.
Sonora; type locality, Sierra del Pajarito. Also in adjacent Arizona.
Small and globose; leaves ascending, numerous, green, dotted with gray,
scarcely 1 ecm, wide and 4 to 6 em. long, denticulate at the base, elsewhere
bearing a few coarse outcurved marginal threads, the straight flattened spine
1 mm. wide and 5 mm. long.
159. Agave toumeyana Trel., sp. nov.
Rather larger, laxer, and fewer-leaved than the preceding; leaves 1 em.
wide, 5 to 10 cm. long, with flat brown spine scarcely 1 mm. wide and 5 mm.
long, the margin minutely hyaline-denticulate below the middle, at length
bearing numerous long slender white marginal threads; flowers 15 mm. long,
with short tube; capsules 7 mm. broad, 12 mm. long; seeds 2 mm. wide, 3 mm.
long.
Southern Arizona; type, in herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden,
from Pinal Mountains, 7’owmey in 1892; also in adjacent Sonora ?
160. Agave hartmani’* S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 156. 1891.
Eastern Sonora (type cultivated at Cambridge, Massachusetts) and adjacent
Chihuahua.
Resembling A. parviflora; leaves falcate, with concave-based spine and finer
marginal threads.
161. Agave mulfordiana Trel., sp. nov.
Agave schottii serrulata Mulford, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard, 7: 73. 1896.
Dimensions and aspect of the following and with similar marginal threads,
but the base denticulate.
Southern Arizona; type, in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Garden,
from Rincon Mountains, Towmey in 1894; also adjacent Sonora ?
162. Agave schottii Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 8: 305. 1875.
Agave geminiflora sonorae Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot, 214. 1859.
Arizona (type locality, Sierra del Pajarito) and adjacent Sonora. 5
Leaves faleately ascending, rather few, green, scarcely 1 cm. wide and 15
to 30 em. long, untoothed, with brown or golden spine 1 mm. wide and 5 mm.
long, and a few very thin outcurving marginal threads.
“Amole”; the crown used as a substitute for soap.
Without marginal threads it is var. atricha, the type cultivated at St. Louis,
without record.
163. Agave schidigera Lem. Ill. Hort. 9: pl. 330. 1860.
Agave filifera adornata Scheidw. Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 4: 287.
1861.
Littaea roezliit Fonville, Rey. Hort. 1862: 39. 1862.
Agave vestita S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 1638. 1890.
Michoacin (type cultivated, from about the Volean Jorullo), Zacatecas, Mex-
ico, and Jalisco (the type of A. vestita, with more prismatic threads, from about
Guadalajara).
1¢6. V. Hartman and F. E. Lloyd made an extensive collection of plants in
Chihuahua and Sonora from 1890 to 1893, while accompanying Carl Lumholtz
in his archaeological explorations. The collection was reported upon by Robin-
son and Fernald (Proc. Amer. Acad. 30: 114-128. 1894). <A set of the plants
is inthe U. S. National Herbarium.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 141
Leaves green or purplish, uniformly spreading, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide, mostly 30
cm. long, not toothed, with rather numerous coarse and shaving-like marginal
threads sometimes 2 mm. wide, the spine 5 to 10 mm. long or almost suppressed.
164. Agave angustissima Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 306. 1875.
Tepic (the type from ‘ Ocotillo, direction of Tepic”) and Sinaloa.
Leaves green or almost red, numerous, uniformly spreading or faleate, 1 to
1.5 em. wide, 30 to 60 cm. long, not toothed, with numerous long, slender, °
mostly loosely coiled marginal threads and flattened spine 5 mm. long.
* Palmilla.”
With leaves scarcely 30 cm. long it is var. ortgiesiana (A. schidigera ort-
giesiana Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 7: 303. 1877; A. ortgiesiana Roezl, Belg.
Hort. 1880: 52. 1880; A. maritima Hort.) ; common on the seaside rocks about
Manzanillo, Colima.
165. Agave filifera Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 309. 18384.
Hidalgo and San Luis Potosi; type cultivated in Europe without locality.
Leaves clear green to dark green or purplish, rather numerous, uniformly
spreading or somewhat upcurved, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, 20 to 25 cm. long, not
toothed, with numerous slender, recurved or coiled marginal threads, the openly
grooved spine 15 to 20 mm. long. ‘‘Amole,” “ lechuguilla mansa.”
With leaves twice as long, without increase in width, those of suckers com-
monly denticulate, it is var. filamentosa Baker (Gard. Chron. n. ser. 7: 308.
1877; A. filamentosa Salm-Dyck, Bonplandia 7: 94. 1859). A very compact
form somewhat resembling A. parviflora, with leaves scarcely 10 em. long, is var.
compacta J. Verschaffelt (Cat. 9: 41. 1865-6; A. perplerans Trel. in Bailey,
Stand. Cyel. Hort. 1: 238. 1914).
166. Agave geminifiora Gawl. Journ. Sci. 2: 88. 1817.
Bonapartea juncea Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 68. 1812.
Yucca boscii Desf. Tabl. Ecol. Bot. Mus. ed. 2. 28, 274. 1815, name only.
Littaea geminiflora Tagliabue, Bibl. Ital. 1: 100. 1816.
Bonupartea flagelliformis Henckel, Flora 3: 45. 1820.
Dracaena filamentosa Scanagatta in Schuit. Syst. Veg. 729. 1829.
Dracaena boscii Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 528. 1840.
Agave geminiflora. filamentosa Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 82: under pl. 4950.
1856.
Region ?; type cultivated in Europe; sometimes, but doubtless erroneously,
thought to be South American.
Leaves of various shades of green, very numerous, gracefully spreading,
recurved in age, 5 mm. wide, 60 to 90 cm. long, biconvex, entire, with flattened
spine Scarcely 5 mm. long and long, usually very slender marginal threads.
When the margin bears no threads it is var. atricha Trel. (in Bailey, Stand.
Cycl. Hort, 1: 238. 1914; A. geminiflora Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 82: under
pl. 4959; Lindl. Bot. Reg. pl. 1145; A. knightiana Drummond in Curtis’s Bot.
Mag. IV. 5: under pl. 8271. 1909). e
167. Agave striata Zuce. Act. Acad. Caes, Leop. Carol. 167: 678. 1833.
Hidalgo ; type cultivated in Europe from Real del Monte.
Leaves numerous, uniformly spreading, grayish, rhombically biconvex, 4 to
6 mm. wide, 60 to 90 cm. long, somewhat scabrid on the margin, the surface
with close round ribs separated by narrow whitened grooves, the needle-shaped
spine 1 to 2 mm. wide and 15 to 20 mm. long; ovary stout, protruding into the
perianth. -
With fewer more laxly spreading or recurving leaves it is var. recurva
Baker (Gard. Chron. n. ser. 8: 556. 1877; A. recurva Zuce. Abh. Akad. Wiss.
Muenchen 4: 22. 1845). ‘‘ Estoquillo,” “ espadin.”
142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Agave paucifolia Tod. (Hort. Bot. Panorm, 1: 77. pl. 19. 1877) differs scafcely
more than in its fewer leaves, these as wide as in the next species.
168. Agave echinoides Jacobi, Abh. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. Cult. 1868: 168. 1868.
Agave striata echinoides Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 8: 556. 1877.
Region ?; type cultivated in Europe.
Leaves numerous, straight or slightly faleate, gray-green, rhombicaily bicon-
vex, 1 cm. wide, 25 to 30 cm. long, slightly scabrid on the margin, the surface
with close narrow ribs, the triangular spine 8 mm, wide and 25. mm. long;
ovary slender, not protruding into the tube.
169. Agave stricta Salm-Dyck, Bonplandia 7: 94. 1859.
Agave hystrix Cels, Cat. 1861: 19. 1861.
Agave striata stricta Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser. 8: 556. 1877.
Puebla, common about Tehuacin; type cultivated in Europe.
Often densely cespitose; leaves numerous, faleately upcurved, often in a
globose cluster, gray-green or purplish to nearly white, triquetrously biconvex,
6 to 10 mm. wide, 25 to 35 cm. long, at most slightly scabrid, the surface with
distinctly separated ribs, the red-brown or fading spine 3 to 4 mm. wide and 25
mm. long; ovary slender, scarcely protruding into the tube.
The purplish form is known in gardens as f. purpwrea; the rosy form, as f.
rosea; and the most glaucous form as var. glauca (or Agave or Littaea deal-
bata), of which there is a dwarfer form, f. nana.
170. Agave falcata Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 304, 370. 1875.
Agave californica Baker, Gard. Chron. n. ser, 8: 556. 1877.
Coahuila (type locality, Buenavista), Durango, Zacatecas, and Nuevo Leon.
Leaves rather numerous spreading, often faleate, gray or purplish, evanes-
cently glaucous, from biconvex or half-round becoming 3-sided, 7 to 15 mm. wide,
15 or commonly 30 to 50 cm. long, finely striate-ridged, the margin minutely
denticulate, the triquetrously needle-shaped spine 2 to 3 mm. wide, 15 or 35 to
40 mm. long.
* Guapilla,” “palmita,” “ espadin,” “ soyate,” ‘ sotolito’’; furnishing “ ixtle”
or “ Tampico fiber.”
13. DIOSCOREACEAE. Yam Family.
1. DIOSCOREA L. Sp. Pl. 1032. 1753.
REFERENCE: Uline, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 22: 421-431. 1896.
Seandent plants, usually with large fleshy roots; leaves mostly broad and
cordate, palmately 3 to many-nerved and reticulate-veined, entire or lobed;
flowers small, usually dioecious, racemose or spicate; fruit a 3-valved capsule.
It is difficult to determine which, if any, of the species should be included
in the present treatment. Some of them certainly have large, more or less
persistent stems, but this character is rarely shown in herbarium specimens.
The writer has included most of the larger plants, although probably most of
them should have been omitted. There have been excluded a number of species
which are evidently wholly herbaceous.
Stents wired Se ea ee ee es ae 1 eer ee ee ee ly Dalata.
Stems not winged.
Leaves conspicuously lobed.
Uppermost leaves conspicuously lobate_____-_-__-----_----_- 2. D. lobata.
Wppermost leaves.entire =" 422) eee eee 5. D. convolvulacea.
Leaves entire.
Staminate flowers solitary along the rachis of the raceme.
Staminate flowers 3 mm. long or larger.
=
s STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 143
Stamens 6; flowers green.
Stamens allen Meriterouss =<. be a 3. D. pallens.
Stamens partly (3) reduced to staminodia_________ 4. D. densiflora.
NLtamiens oc HoOWwers purplish. = 2 ee 5. D. convolvulacea.
Staminate flowers about 2 mm. long. Stamens 3.
Leaves large, mostly 12 to 18 cm. wide, the basal sinus often closed.
6. D. grandifolia.
Leaves mostly 6 cm. wide or narrower, the basal sinus open.
7. D. capillaris.
Staminate flowers fasciculate or spicate in the racemes.
Staminate flowers pubescent. Stamens 6.
HIOWEeESSTeenISh: When 8 aes ee 8. D. laxiflora.
FESO UNE TESS TO UIITS OT GS ae eh, ne a oe 9. D. dugesii.
Staminate flowers glabrous.
Flowers in short dense spikes, these arranged in racemes.
10. D. spiculifiora.
Flowers fasiculate or in short loose racemes.
Stamens 8. Flowers 2 to 3 mm. long, greenish white.
Staminate flowers 3 mm. long____--______-__ 11. D. platycolpota.
Staminate flowers scarcely more than 2 mm. long__12. D. pringlei.
Stamens 6.
Stamens eSUb CU al) sess se 13. D. macrostachya.
Stamens unequal.
Flowers purplish, the racemes mostly solitary.
14. D. composita.
Flowers green, the racemes in loose panicles__15. D. floribunda.
1. Dioscorea alata L. Sp. Pl. 1033. 1753.
Cultivated in Mexico and in some places, as in Oaxaca, apparently natural-
ized. Native probably of Asia, but widely cultivated.
Leaves mostly orbicular-cordate, taper-pointed, glabrous, sometimes very
large; flowers greenish. Known in Mexico as “igname,” “ ifiame,” or “flame; ”
“Nangate” (Oaxaca).
The large roots of the yam are valuable for human food.
2. Dioscorea lobata Uline, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 22: 427. 1896.
Dioscorea lobata morelosana Uline, Proc. Amer, Acad. 35: 323. 1900.
Morelos, Mexico, and Veracruz; type collected near the City of Mexico.
Leaves puberulent, shallowly or deeply lobed.
8. Dioscorea pallens Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 610. 1848.
' Veracruz, the type from Jalapa.
Plants glabrous; capsule 1.2 to 1.4 cm. long.
4. Dioscorea densiflora Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot. 3: 356. 1884.
Veracruz to Chiapas; type from Valley of Cérdoba. Guatemala and Hon-
duras.
Glabrous except upon the racemes; flowers in very long slender spikes.
5. Dioscorea convolvulacea Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 49. 1831.
Dioscorea galeottiana Kunth, Enum, Pl. 5: 409. 1850.
Dioscorea convolvulacea viridis Uline, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 22: 427. 1896.
Mexico to Michoacén and Oaxaca.
Leaves usually puberulent; flowers long-pedicellate, purplish; capsules 1.5 to
2.5 em. long.
D. convolwulacea viridis is a form with 3-lobed leaves.
6. Dioscorea grandifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 602. 1843.
Jalisco to Morelos and Puebla; type from Acatlin, Puebla.
‘
144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Dioscorea capillaris Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 83: 354. 1884.
Dioscorea hirsuta Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 97: 391. 1842. Not D.
hirsuta Blume, 1827-28.
Guerrero to Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca; type from Mirador, Veracruz.
Central America.
Glabrous or pubescent; leaves often very large.
8. Dioscorea laxiflora Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 606. 1848.
Dioscorea remotifiora Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 409. 1850.
Dioscorea sparsifiora Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 360. 1884.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi and Oaxaca; type from Atotonileo el Grande
Hidalgo.
Glabrous or pubescent; leaves often very large; capsules about 2 em. long.
“ Bejuco de visnaga,” ‘“ falsa cocolmeca ” (Oaxaca).
Roots often very large, covered with irregular plates.
9. Dioscorea dugesii* Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 330. 1894.
Dioscorea violacea Uline, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 22: 423. 1896.
Guanajuato (type locality) to Oaxaca.
Plants puberulent.
10. Dioscorea spiculiflora Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 8: 361. pl. 92. 1884.
Yucatan (type locality). Guatemala.
Plants glabrous.
11. Dioscorea platycolpota Uline; Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 86: 471, 1901.
Known only from the type locality, near Iguala, Guerrero.
Plants glabrous; leaves orbicular-cordate.
12. Dioscorea pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 323. 1894.
Jalisco, the type from Guadalajara.
Plants glabrous.
18. Dioscorea macrostachya Benth. Pl. Hartw. 73. 1841.
Dioscorea macrophylla Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 97: 392. 1842.
~ Dioscorea leiboldiana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 5: 355. 1850.
? Testudinaria cocolmeca Procopp, Bot. Centralbl. 49: 201. 1892.
Veracruz and probably elsewhere; type from Panistlahuaca and Tepinistla-
huaca, Central America.
Plants glabrous; capsules 2 to 3 cm. long.
Testudinaria cocolmeca is referred here with doubt by Uline; it may be
referable rather to D. remotiflora, or perhaps it is a distinct species The
plant so named is very imperfectly known.
14. Dioscorea composita Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 8: 354. 1884.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Orizaba, Veracruz. Central
America.
Glabrous or nearly so; capsules about 3 ecm. long.
15. Dioscorea floribunda Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 97: 391. 1842.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Tabasco; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central
America.
’
* Alfredo Duges, a native of France, came to Mexico in 1853. For many years
he held the chair of natural history in the college of the State of Guanajuato.
He was a diligent student of the plants and animals of Mexico, and published
many papers upon natural history. He obtained extensive collections of plants,
many of which are in the Gray Herbarium, and a few in the U. S. National
Herbarium. He died in 1910. The genus Dugesia, of the family Asteraceae,
was named in his honor by Gray.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 145
Glabrous; leaves thick and firm, with prominent venation. ‘‘ Corrimiento”
(Tabasco).
14. CASUARINACEAE. Beefwood Family.
1. CASUARINA L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 143. 1759.
1. Casuarina equisetifolia L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 143. 1759.
Commonly cultivated in Mexico and often growing without cultivation.
Native of tropical Asia and Australia; naturalized also in southern Florida.
Large pinelike tree, sometimes 20 meters high, with a trunk 1 meter in
diameter, with slender verticillate spreading branches; bark gray; young
branchlets drooping, pale, resembling the stems of Hqwisetwm, the leaves
reduced to whorled scales; staminate flowers in slender terminal spikes; fruit
conelike, 1 to 2 em. in diameter; wood very hard, strong, close-grained, flesh-
colored or in age brown, its specific gravity about 0.98. “Pino” (Yucatan,
Cuba); “ciprés” (Yucatan); “pino de Australia” (Cuba) ; “sauce” (Nica-
ragua). Known in English-speaking regions as beefwood.
A common and handsome tree in parks in Mexico. In regions where the
tree is native the bark is used for tanning and dyeing, yielding a reddish or
blue-black dye. The bark is used in medicine for its tonic and astringent
properties.
1%. PIPERACEAE. Pepper Family.
The genus Peperomia is the only other Mexican representative of the family.
Its species are mostly low herbs. Some of them may be shrubs, but there is no
satisfactory evidence that they are.
1. PIPER L. Sp. Pl. 28. 1753.
REFERENCE: C. De Candolle in DC. Prodr. 16*: 240-388. 1869.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves alternate, entire, stipulate; flowers perfect or
unisexual, small, greenish, sessile in very dense terete spikes, or sometimes
racemose; fruit a small berry.
The species are widely distributed in the moist and tropical regions of
Mexico, but they are more abundant farther south. They are separated by
rather small differences, and, as so limited, most of them are of very limited
distribution. In some localities the plants are used medicinally, for various
purposes. The plants are more or less aromatic. The leaves are used for
seasoning, and the fruit of some species is edible. Piper nigrum L., of the
Hast Indies, furnishes the black pepper of commerce, which is widely used as a
condiment. It is cultivated in the East Indies, Asia, Philippines, West Indies,
and elsewhere. P. cubeba L., also of the East Indies, furnishes the cubeb
berries of commerce, which are used in medicine for various catarrhal affec-
tions. Piper betle L. is the betel pepper, whose leaves are chewed by the natives
of the Pacific Islands... In South America some of the species have a wide repu-
tation for the cure of snake bites.
The species of Piper are most commonly known in Mexico by the name of
“ cordoncillo.”
Spikes of flowers congested at the ends of axillary branchlets.
Subgenus 1. Heckeria.
1 See Safford, Contr. WU. S. Nat. Herb. 9: 353-354. 1905.
146 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Spikes solitary, opposite the leaves.
BLOWErShDEALCO MAT axe we eS Subgenus 2. Ottonia.
Flowers sessile.
Stamens 2 or 8.
tAMGNS. 25 - =. ieee eet eae Ai Se ee Subgenus 3. Coccobryon.
RARLIIOUS! ta Sate ee ee. ee Subgenus 4. Carpunya.
Stamens 4 to 6.
Stamens! 42 en es See ek ea - e Subgenus 5. Steffensia.
NLAMENS' OF O25 6 eee ee EL Me IES Reais Subgenus 6. Enckea.
Subgenus 1. HECKERIA.
Mea vescpel tate: Ga 2 thee ay ae) Bele Pe Re See eta 1. P. cuernavacanum.
Leaves not peltate.
Petioles as long as the blades or longer________________ 2. P. cordillerianum.
Petioles scarcely more than half as long as the blades__8. P. umbellatum.
Subgenus 2. OTTONIA.
Leaves pubescent beneath on the nerves__________.--_-_-_- 4. P. muelleri.
Leaves glabrous.
Leaves 7-nerved, about 6.5 em. wide____________________ 5. P. yucatanense.
Leaves 5-nerved, 2.5 to 4 em. wide. 2
Stamens 4 = Sos se ai ee ee ek Se Oe ee eee 6. P. neesianum.
Stamens! Dior GL esses eee See eee Le een Le ear 7. P. disjunctum.
Subgenus 8. COCCOBRYON.
Leaves acuminate, the lower ones eordate at the base, 7 or 9-nerved.
8. P. diandrum.
Leaves long-acuminate, the lower ones rounded at the base, 5 or 7-nerved.
9. P. papantilense.
Subgenus 4. CARPUNYA.
FATTONELS articulate =. 2°” SRR is ashe 3 hee ge ey ae 10. P. karwinskianum.
Anthers not articulate. :
WeAaAVeES SubDCOria CEOUS: 2. Ss sate ee ae eee Seg eee et 11. P. caladiifolium.
Leaves membranaceous. =
Leaves puberulent beneath along the nerves______________ 12. P. sanctum.
Leaves glabrous.
Peduncles as long as the petioleS________________= 13. P. commutatum.
Peduncles much shorter than the petioles__________ 14. P. zacuapanum.
Subgenus 5. STEFFENSIA.
SGT A ae re eee eee es a | ON Peps ee 15. P. bourgeaui.
Stigma 3.
NS MLGnDTesent bo 32258 a es te ee ee 16. P. teapense.
Style none.
Fruit trigonous or obovoid.
Bracts cucullate with inflexed apex or obovate.
enyes plnnate-ner vedi := se ae ee eek 17. P. lapathifolium.
Leaves palmate-nerved___- == 3 18. P. schlechtendalii.
:
.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 147
Bracts peltate or truncate-peltate at the apex.
Leaves palmate-nerved.
Leaves glabrous, equal at the base.
WeAVeSta-o TOs CM: Widele Sce ere a 19. P. lepturum.
eaves) 44to 21” emenwiden= = 23-2 <= Je 20. P. megalophyllum..
Leaves pubescent, very unequal at the base, about 9 cm. wide.
21. P. auritum.
Leaves pinnate-nerved.
Leaves glabrous, 11 to 12 cm, long, 5.5 em. wide__22. P. oblongum.
Leaves pubescent.
eaves: conspicuously “bullatesL2—-=- = aS 25. P. palmeri.
Leaves not bullate.
Leaf blades 16 to 25 cm. long, 6 to 12 cm. wide.
23. P. dilatatum.
Leaf blades about 11 cm. long and 5 cm. wide.
24. P. pseudoasperifolium.
Fruit tetragonous.
Bracts cucullate, the apex inflexed.
Leaves pinnate-nerved.
Leaf blades broadly elliptic, 21 to 28 em, long, 11 cm. wide.
265 (2. tohrit
Leaf blades oblong, about 16.5 em, long and 7 cm. wide.
27. P. cordovanum.
Leaves palmate-nerved.
Leaves puberulent beneath along the nerves, 20 to 24 em, long, 14 to
“19°em: wide; ovate-roundeds22522_ ses). _ 2-5 28. P. potomorphe.
Leaves glabrous, 5.5 to 7.5 cm. long, 2.5 em. wide, lanceolate to ovate.
29. P. variifolium.
Bracts peltate, truncate-peltate, or truncate at the apex.
Leaves palmate-nerved, acutish at the base________ 30. P. berlandieri.
Leaves pinnate-nerved.
Central nerve emitting lateral nerves along its whole length.
Leaves pubescent beneath, ovate or ovate-oblong.
; 31. P. tuberculatum.
Leaves glabrous, lance-ovate or lance-oblong.
= 32. P. geniculatum.
Central nerve emitting lateral nerves for only part its length.
Leaves glabrous.
Petioles about 30 mm. long______________ 83. P. melanostictum.
Petioles 8 to 10 mm. long_____ La AE Sete 34. P. oaxacanum.
Leaves pubescent, at least beneath.
Petioles mostly 10 to 15 mm. long.
Leaf blades rounded or cordate at the base.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface_35. P. macrophyllum.
Leaves pilosulous and scabrous on the upper surface.
‘ 36. P. aduncum.
Leaf blades acute or acutish at the base.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface.
87. P. chamissonis.
Leaves scabrous on the upper surface.
Peduncles hirtellous; leaves 4 to 7 cm. wide.
: 88. P. jalapense.
Peduncles glabrous; leaves about 8 cm. wide.
39. P. fischerianum.
148 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Petioles short, usually 4 to 6 mm. long.
Leaf blades acute at the base.
Leaves 7 to 8 em. wide, not bullate, thin.
Fruit hirsute; leaves acute-acuminate.
40. P. descourtilsianum.
Fruit glabrous; leaves subobtuse-acuminate.
a 41. P. colipanum.
Leaves about 4 cm. wide, somewhat bullate, rigid.
42. P. misantlense.
Leaf blades cordate to obtuse at the base.
Leaves glabrous and smooth on the upper surface.
Leaf blades obtuse at the base________ 43. P. citrifolium.
Leaf blades cordate or semicordate at the base.
Leaves about 14 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide.
44. P. decipiens.
Leaves about 23 cm. long and 14 cm. wide.
45. P. liebmannii.
Leaves scabrous on the upper surface.
Leaves conspicuously bullate, the pubescence of the lower
surface appressed.
Leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate, 6 to 11 cm, wide.
46. P. hispidum.
Leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, about 4.5 em. wide.
47. P. mexicanum.
Leaves not bullate, the pubescence not appressed.
Leaf blades tomentose beneath, about 4 cm. wide.
48. P. leucophyllum.
Leaf blades hirtellous beneath, 5.5 to 6 em. wide.
49. P. angustifolium.
Subgenus 6. ENCKEA.
Ultimate nerves of the leaves conspicuously transverse-parallel.
Leaves hirtellous beneath, linear-acuminate at the apex.
50. P. melastomoides.
Leaves glabrous beneath, acuminate or shert-acuminate at the apex.
Leaves rigid, the upper ones obtuse or acutish at the base; petioles about
1.5) em: lone ee ie a ee 5). P. smilacifolium.
Leaves membranaceous, cordate at the base; petioles 2 to 4 cm. long.
52. P. marginatum.
Ultimate nerves not conspicuously transverse-parallel.
Leaves pubescent on both surfaces.
Petioles 15 to 30 mm. long; leaves deeply cordate at the base.
53. P. decrescens.
Petioles 2 to 6 mm. long; leaves rounded or shallowly cordate at the base.
54. P. kunthii.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface, glabrous or pubescent beneath.
Leaf blades broadly rounded-ovate, glabrous___________ 55. P. jaliscanum.
Leaf blades ovate or narrower.
Leaves 6 to 10 cm. long, 2.5 to 4 em. wide.
Petioles 5 mm, long; leaves puberulent beneath aleng the nerves.
56. P. lindenii.
Petioles 8 mm, long; leaves glabrous___________ 57. P. unguiculatum,
i
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 149
Leaves 11 to 12 em. long, 4.5 to 6 em. wide.
Leaves puberulent beneath, 7-nerved, rounded or cordate at the base.
58. P. medium.
Leaves glabrous, 5-nerved, acute at the base_________ 59. P. uhdei.
1. Piper cuernavacanum’* ©. DC. Linnaea 37: 363. 1873.
Known only from -the type locality, Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Branehlets velutinous-puberulent; leaves long-petiolate, the blades ovate-
rounded, peltate, 18 cm. long, 21 cm. wide, acute at the apex, deeply cordate at
the apex.
2. Piper cordillerianum C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 332. 1869.
Cordillera of Veracruz, at 1,050 meters. Guatemala.
Leaves long-petiolate, the blades reniform-orbicular, 21 cm. long, 30 em. wide,
short-acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate at the base.
8. Piper umbellatum L. Sp. Pl. 30. 1753.
Heckeria umbellata Kunth, Linnaea 13: 569. 1839.
Veracruz to Colima and southward. Central America, West Indies, and
South America; type from Santo Domingo.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, the blades round-reniform,
17 to 18 em. long, 22 to 23 cm. wide, attenuate-acute at the apex, deeply cordate
at the base. “Mano de zopilote” (Tabasco) ; “‘santilla de culebra”’ (Oaxaca,
_ Reko) ; “ baquifia,” or “ basquifia” (Porto Rico).
4. Piper muelleri*® C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16: 243. 1869.
Veracruz; type from Orizaba. Honduras.
Branches glabrous, or when young densely hirtellous; leaves short-petiolate,
the blades ovate-acuminate, 12.5 cm. long, 4.5 em. wide, 7-nerved, rounded at
the base.
5. Piper yucatanense C. DC. Linnaea 87: 334. 1873.
Forests of Yucatan.
Branchlets glabrous; leaves nearly sessile, the petioles about 3 mm. long,
the blades ovate-acuminate, 12 cm. long, 6.5 em, wide, rounded at the base,
7-nerved.
6. Piper neesianum C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 256. 1869.
Veracruz. Nicaragua.
Branchlets glabrous; petioles 5 to 10 mm. long; leaf blades lanceolate or
elliptic-lanceolate, 6 to 8.5 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate, acute at the
base.
7. Piper disjunctum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 334. 1873.
Oaxaca and Veracruz; type collected between Huatusco and Jalapa, Veracruz.
Branchlets glabrous; petioles 6 mm. long; leaf blades ovate-lanceolate, 8 to
10 cm. long, 2.5 to 3 em. wide, long-acuminate, acute or obtuse at the base.
8. Piper diandrum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 364. 1873.
Veracruz to Michoacin; type from Pital, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Shrub, 3 to 3.5 meters high; branchlets glabrous; petioles 1.5 to 2.5 em. long;
leaf blades ovate, 11 to 15 em. long, 5.2 to 11 em. wide, rounded, truncate, or
cordate at the base.
* Misspelled “ Cnernavacanum” in the original description.
? Frederick Mueller was an Alsatian, who was sent to Mexico in 1853 by
Schlumberger of Mulhouse. He collected chiefly between Veracruz and Ori-
zaba. He disappeared suddenly and was never heard of afterwards, and it is
presumed that he was murdered.
150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
~
9. Piper papantlense C, DC. in DC. Prodr, 16*: 338. 1869.
Veracruz; type from Papantla. Central America.
Branchlets glabrous; petioles 1.2 cm. long; leaf blades ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, 10.5 cm. long, 5 em. wide.
10. Piper karwinskianum Kunth; C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 327. 1869.
Schilleria karwinskiana Kunth, Linnaea 13: 700, 1839.
Known only from the type locality, near the City of Mexico.
Branchlets short-villous; petioles about 1 cm. long; leaf blades obliquely
elliptic, acuminate, rounded at the base, soft-puberulent on both surfaces.
11. Piper caladiifolium (Miquel) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 330. 1869.
Artanthe caladiifolia Miquel, Syst. Piper. 387. 1844.
Mexico, the locality not known. Central America.
Branchlets glabrous; leaves long-petiolate, the blades ovate-cordate, short- .
acuminate, 13 to 21 cm. long, 10 to 14 cm. wide.
12. Piper sanctum (Miquel) Schlecht.; C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 330. 1869.
Artanthe sancta Miquel, Syst. Piper. 389. 1844.
Veracruz and probably elsewhere; type from Atlacomulco.
Leaf blades rounded-cordate, about 21 cm. long-and 18 cm. wide, short-
acuminate, puberulent. The following names are reported for this species,
although some probably belong to other species, and doubtless most of them
are applied to various species indiscriminately: “Santa Maria” (Tabasco) ;
“acuyo,” “hoja de ajan” (Veracruz); “hierba santa” (Veracruz, Oaxaca) ;
“santilla de comer” (Oaxaca, Reko); ‘ tlamapaquelite,” ‘ tianepaquelite,”
“ tlanepaquilitl ” (Veracruz, Oaxaca; Nahuatl); “hoja santa;” “hoja de
anis.”
The leaves have been used by the early and present inhabitants of Mexico as
a condiment. In popular medicine the plant is used as a stimulant and as a
local anesthetic, and for toothache, stomach affections, and venereal diseases.
13. Piper commutatum Steud. (Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 340. 1841, nomen nudum).
Piper plantagineum Lam, err. det. Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 353, 1831.
Piper plantagineum Cham. & Schlecht.; C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 330, 1869.
Not P. plantaginewm Lam. 1791.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known.
Branchlets glabrous; petioles 2 cm. long; leaf blades ovate, 9 cm. long, 5 cm.
wide, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at the base, glabrous.
14. Piper zacuapanum C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 330. 1869.
Piper tiliaefolium Schlecht. & Cham, Linnaea 6: 352. 1831. Not P. tiliae-
folium Desy. 1825.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan.
Branchlets glabrous; petioles about 6 cm. long; leaf blades ovate, 14 cm. long,
12 em. wide, acuminate, cordate at the base.
15. Piper bourgeaui C. DC. Linnaea 37: 358. 1873.
Known only from the type locality, Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Branchlets densely canescent-villous; petioles 1.2 em. long; leaf blades
oblong-lanceolate, 21 cm. long, 8 em. wide, acuminate, subcordate at the base,
soft-pubescent on both surfaces.
16. Piper teapense C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16’: 260. 1869.
Known only from the type locality, Teapa, Tabasco.
Branchlets pubescent; petioles 5 mm. long; leaf blades ovate-oblong, 13 cm.
long, 5.8 em. wide, acuminate, cordate at the base, glabrous on the upper sur-
face, pubescent beneath.
17. Piper lapathifolium (Kunth) Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 341. 1841.
Schilleria lapathifolia Kunth, Linnaea 18: 714. 1889.
ob TRS
ee oe.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 151
Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Central America and northern South America.
Shrub, 3.5 to 4.5 meters high; branchlets glabrous; petioles 4 cm. long; leaf
blades oblong-ovate, about 24 cm. long and 11 cm. wide, short-acuminate, cor-
date at the base, glabrous above, hirtellous beneath along the nerves.
18. Piper schlechtendalii* Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 348. 1841.
Enckea schlechtendaliit Miquel, Syst. Piper. 362. 1844.
Piper schlechtendahlianum C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 324. 1869.
Known only from the type locality, Misantla, Veracruz.
Branchlets glabrous; petioles 6 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate or
lanceolate, 6 to 10 cm. long, 2.5 to 3.5 em. wide, long-acuminate, obtuse or acute
at the base, glabrous.
19. Piper lepturum Kunth; C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16': 320. 1869.
Schilleria leptura Kunth, Linnaea 18: 679. 1839.
Oaxaca. Brazil; type from Rio Janeiro.
Branchlets glabrous; petioles 1 cm. long; leaf blades lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, 11 to 14 em. long, 2.5 to 3 em. wide, acuminate, cordate to acutish at
the base, glabrous.
20. Piper megalophyllum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 357. 18738.
Pital and Mirador, Veracruz, the type localities.
Branchlets glabrous; petioles 6 to 9 cm. long; leaf blades rounded-ovate, 16 to
25 em. long, 14 to 21 em. wide, acuminate, cordate at the base, glabrous.
21. Piper auritum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 54. 1815.
San Luis Potosi to Oaxaca and Yucatén; type from somewhere in Mexico.
Central America; Colombia.
Shrub 1 to 4.5 meters high; branchlets glabrous; petioles 1.5 cm. long; leaf
blades ovate-oblong, about 16 em. long and 9 em. wide, attenuate to the apex,
cordate at the base. ‘“ Momo” (Tabasco); “xmacolan” (Yucatan, Maya) ;
“acoyo” (Veracruz); “hoja de la estrella” (Costa Rica); “Santa Maria,”
“ cordoncillo ’ (Nicaragua) ; “ anisillo,”’ “ monca blanca” (Costa Rica) ; ‘‘ hoja
de jute,” ‘ juniapra ” (Guatemala, Pittier).
In Veracruz the leaves are_used for seasoning tamales. In Costa Rica the
fresh leaves are applied to relieve headache.
22. Piper oblongum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 52. 1815.
Reported (by C. De Candolle) from Veracruz. Central America and north-
ern South America; type from Venezuela.
Branchlets glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, the blades elliptic, acuminate,
acutish at the base; spikes about 8 cm. long.
23. Piper dilatatum L. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris P: 105. 1792.
Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, and South America.
Shrub 2 to 8 meters high; branchlets nearly glabrous; petioles 5 to 15 mm.
long; leaf blades ovate-elliptic or obovate-elliptic, acuminate.
24. Piper pseudoasperifolium C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 318. 1869.
Known only from Oaxaca, the type locality.
Branchlets hirsute; petioles 1 cm. long; leaf blades lance-elliptic, 11 cm.
long, 5 em. wide, acuminate, obtuse at the base.
25. Piper palmeri C. DC.; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 354. 1895.
Piper palmeri manzanilloanum C. DC.; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 354.
1895. -
Colima ; type from the city of Colima.
*Named for Diedrich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal (1794-1866), pro-
fessor of botany at Halle. He published several important papers describing
early collections of Mexican plants.
152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub 1.8 meters high; branchlets retrorse-pubescent; petioles 1 cm. long or
shorter; leaf blades ovate-lanceolate, about 15 cm. long and 5.5 cm. wide,
acuminate, unequal at the base. ‘“ Matico” (Colima); ‘ hachogue” (Colima,
Rose).
The plant is said to be used for washing clothes.. A decoction is employed
as a remedy for colic in man and horses, and for cutaneous diseases.
26. Piper rohrii C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 296. 1869.
Oaxaca. Central America and South America; type from French Guiana.
Branchlets glabrous; petioles 2.5 cm. long; leaf blades short-acuminate, sub-
attenuate at the base, glabrous.
27. Piper cordovanum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 352. 1873.
Known only from the type locality, Valley of Cordoba, Veracruz.
Branchlets glabrous; petioles 3.5 em. long; leaf blades acuminate, unequal
and obtuse at the base, glabrous.
28. Piper potomorphe (Miquel) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 308. 1869.
Artanthe potomorphe Miquel, Syst. Piper. 403. 1844.
Known only from the type locality, Cordillera of Veracruz.
Petioles 7 to 8 cm. long; leaf blades short-acuminate, deeply cordate at the
base.
29. Piper variifolium (Miquel) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 308. 1869.
Hnckea variifolia Miquel, Syst. Piper. 355. 1844.
Veracruz.
Branchlets glabrous; petioles 6 to 8 mm. long; leaf blades acute or acuminate,
rounded at the base.
30. Piper berlandieri C. DC. in DC, Prodr. 16*: 295. 1869.
Tamaulipas to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected between Tampico and
Real del Monte.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; petioles about 1.5 cm. long; leaf
blades obovate-oblong, about 9.5 cm, long and 4.5 em. wide, short-acuminate,
acutish at the base, glabrous.
31. Piper tuberculatum Jacq. Icon. Pl. Rar. 2: 2. pl. 210. 1786.
Veracruz to Tepic, Oaxaca, and Tabasco. Central America, West Indies,
and South America.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; branchlets puberulent; leaf blades
obliquely ovate or ovate-oblong, 7 to 14 cm. long, 4 to 6 em. wide, subacuminate,
very unequal at the base. ‘‘ Cordoncillo” (Tabasco, Chiapas).
32. Piper geniculatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 15. 1788.
Veracruz to Tabasco and Chiapas. Central America, West Indies, and South
America; type from Jamaica. 3
Shrub or small tree, up to 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, the blades
lance-ovate or lance-oblong, sometimes 25 cm. long and 12 em. wide, acuminate,
very unequal at the base. ‘“ Cordoncillo”’ (Tabasco).
33. Piper melanostictum (Miquel) C. DC. in DC. Prodr, 16°: 274. 1869.
Artanthe melanosticta Miquel, Syst. Piper. 404. 1844.
Known only from Tabasco, the type locality.
Branchlets glabrous; leaf blades ovate-oblong, 19 cm. long, 7.5 em. wide,
subobtuse, unequal at the base.
34. Piper oaxacanum ©. DO. in DC, Prodr, 16%: 274. 1869.”
Known only from the type locality, Oaxaca. '
Branchlets glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 16.5 em.
long, 6.5 em. wide, acuminate, unequal and acute at the base.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1538
35. Piper macrophyllum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 46. 1815.
Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, and South America; type from
Venezuela.
Shrub, about 8 meters high; branchlets glabrous; leaf blades elliptic-oblong,
17 to 24 em. long, 8 to 12 cm. wide, acuminate; spikes 4 to 5 cm. long.
86. Piper aduncum L. Sp. Pl. 29. 1753.
San Luis Potosi to Tepic and Chiapas. Central America, West Indies, and
South America; type from Jamaica.
Shrub, 2 to 4.5. meters high; branchlets hirsute or glabrate; leaf blades
oblong-elliptic, 17 to 20 cm. long, 7 to 8 cm. wide, acuminate. ‘“‘ Cordoncillo ”
(Hidalgo, Veracruz) ; “ cordoncillo blanco” (Hidalgo, Veracruz, Nicaragua) ;
*“platanillo” (Cuba) ; “ higuillo,” “ higuillo oloroso 2? SCPOLtOM RIGO).
The plant is said to have astringent, stimulant, and diuretic properties. In
Brazil it is used to treat ulcers.
37. Piper chamissonis (Miquel) Steud. (Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 340. 1841, nomen
nudum) ; C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 283. 1869.
Artanthe chamissonis Miquel, Syst. Piper. 457. 1844.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Petioles 1 em. long; leaf blades oblong, 15 em. long, 7 em. wide, short-acumi-
nate.
38. Piper jalapense (Miquél) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16: . 1869.
Artanthe jalapensis Miquel, Syst. Piper. 444. 1844.
Veracruz to Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Shrub, up to 4.5 meters high; branchlets densely hirtellous; petioles 1 to 1.5
em. long; leaf blades ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 18 to 19 cm. long, acumi-
nate; spikes 10 cm. long.
39. Piper fischerianum C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16’: . 1869.
Mexico, the locality not known.
Branchlets glabrous; petioles 1 em. long; leaf blades lance-elliptic, 19.5 em.
long, acuminate, appressed-hirtellous beneath along the nerves.
40. Piper descourtilsianum* C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16’: aT: 1869.
Veracruz; type from Mirador.
Branchlets glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 15.5 cm. long, long-acumi-
nate, glabrous above, puberulent beneath along the nerves.
41. Piper colipanum C. DC. Linnaea 37: 348. 1873.
Veracruz; type from Colipa.
Branchlets glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, 19 em. long, glabrous above,
puberulent beneath.
42. Piper misantlense C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 286. 1869.
Known only from the type locality, Misantla, Veracruz.
Branchlets glabrous; leaf blades oblong, 14 cm. long, acuminate, glabrous
above, puberulent beneath.
48. Piper citrifolium Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 80. 1791.
Veracruz and probably Yucatan. Central America, West Indies, and north-
ern South America.
Branchlets hirtellous; leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 12 to
21 cm. long, 5 to 7.5 em. wide, long-acuminate; spikes 4 to 5 cm. long.
ee
1Named for Michael Etienne Descourtilz, a French physician, who spent
many years in the West Indies, North America, etc. He published a “ Flore
médicale des Antilles,” in 8 volumes, illustrated by 600 colored plates.
154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
44. Piper decipiens (Miquel) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16’: 273. 1869.
Artanthe decipiens Miquel, Syst. Piper. 462. 1844.
Known only from the type locality, Cordillera of Veracruz.
Branchlets pubescent; leaf blades ovate-oblong, 14 ecm. long, acuminate,
puberulent or hirtellous beneath,
45. Piper liebmannii C. DC. Linnaea 37: 344. 1878.
Veracruz; type from Mirador.
Branchlets glabrous; leaf blades oblong-elliptic, acute, hirtellous or hirsute
beneath; spikes 7.5 cm. long.
46. Piper hispidum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 15. 1788.
Piper hirsutum Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oce. 1: 60. 1797.
Veracruz to Tepic and Oaxaca. Central America, West Indies, and South
America; type from Jamaica.
Shrub, 2 to 5 meters high; branchlets hirsute; leaf blades 12 to 19 cm, long;
spikes 10 to 11 cm. long. “ Higuillo,” “ higuillo oloroso” (Porto Rico).
47. Piper mexicanum (Miquel) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 276. 1869.
Artanthe mexicana Miquel, Syst. Piper. 458. 1844.
Tepic to Oaxaca; type from Cordillera of Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Branchlets hirtellous; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate, 14 cm. long, acuminate,
unequal at the base.
48. Piper leucophyllum (Miquel) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 278. 1869.
Artanthe leucophylla Miquel, Syst. Piper. 460. 1844.
Jalisco to Morelos, Puebla, and Guerrero.
Shrub, 1 to 4 meters high; branchlets tomentose; leaf blades oblong-lanceolate.
about 14 cm. long, subacuminate. ‘‘ Cordoncillo” (Guerrero).
A decoction of the plant is used in Guerrero for fevers and as a wash to kill
parasites upon the human scalp.
49. Piper angustifolium Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: 38. pl. 57. 1798.
Veracruz to Tepic. Central America, West Indies, and South America;
type from Peru.
Branchlets densely villous; leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate, 16 cm. long or
shorter, acuminate. The following names are said to apply to the plant,
although they are probably not confined to this species: ‘‘Achiotlin,” “ solda-
dillo” (Veracruz); “‘achotlin” (Colima); “ cordoncillo” (Jalisco, Veracruz,
Oaxaca, Hidalgo, Nicaragua); “ matico” (Oaxaca, Nicaragua); “rabo de
zorra,” “santilla montés” (Oaxaca); “platanillo,’ ‘“ platanillo de monte”
(Cuba).
The leaves, known in commerce as ‘“ matico,” are an article of export from
some parts of tropical America. They are used in medicine to stop the flow of
blood and for venereal diseases. It is probable that many different species
furnish the “matico” of commerce. In Mexico this plant is used as an
astringent and a balsamic stimulant.
50. Piper melastomoides Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 74, 1830.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; branchlets villous; petioles 1 em. long; leaf
blades oblong-ovate or lance-elliptic, about 17 em. long and 7.5 em. wide, rounded
or acute at the base; spikes 3 cm. long.
51. Piper smilacifolium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 56. 1815.
Veracruz. Central America and Venezuela (type locality).
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; branchlets glabrous; ‘petioles 1.5 em. long; leaf
blades ovate, 14 to 19 cm. long, 11 to 16 em. wide, cordate to acutish at the
base; spikes 11 em. long.
>
+ sardine
_— ee ee ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 155
52. Piper marginatum Jacq. Icon. Pl. Rar. 2: 2. pl. 215. 1786.
Michoacin and Guerrero. Central America, West Indies, and South America.
Shrub, up to 5 meters high; branchlets glabrous; leaf blades ovate-rounded,
12 to 16 cm. long and wide, acuminate at the apex. “ Anisillo” (Santo Do-
mingo, Nicaragua) ; “ higuillo oloroso” (Porto Rico).
53. Piper decrescens (Miquel) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 251. 1869.
Enckea decrescens Miquel, Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 440. 1845.
Hacienda de los Naranjos. Central America.
Branchlets glabrous; leaf blades ovate or broadly ovate, 8 em. long, 5 ecm.
wide, short-acuminate; spikes 8 cm. long.
54. Piper kunthii (Miquel) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 250. 1869.
Enckea kunthii Miquel, Syst. Piper. 363. 1844.
Veracruz to Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Cordillera of Oaxaca.
Branchlets pubescent; leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate, 5 to 7.5 em. long, 1.5 to
4 em. wide, long-acuminate.
55. Piper jaliscanum §S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 145. 1891.
Jalisco, Sinaloa, and Tepic; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Shrub, 2.5 to 4.5 meters high, glabrous; petioles 6 to 14 mm. long; leaf
blades 3.5 to 7.5 em. long, acute or short-acuminate; spikes 6 cm. long.
56. Piper lindenii (Miquel) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16': 248. 1869.
Enckea lindenii Miquel, Syst. Piper. 368. 1844.
Known only from the type locality, Teapa, Tabasco.
Branchlets puberulent; leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate, 7 to 10 em. long, 2 to 4
em. wide, acuminate.
57. Piper unguiculatum Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: 34. 1798.
Piper terminale H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 57. 1815.
Veracruz and probably elsewhere. Central America, West Indies, and South
America; type from Peru.
Shrub, 2 to 5 meters high; branchlets glabrous; leaf blades oblong-ovate, 6 to
9 em. long, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, attenuate-acuminate.
58. Piper medium Jacq. Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 2. pl. 8. 1781.
Piper ceanothifolium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 26. 1815.
Veracruz to Yucatin and Oaxaca. Central America, West Indies, and South
America.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; branchlets puberulent; leaf blades elliptic or
ovate-elliptic, acuminate; spikes about 6 ecm. long. “Cordoncillo” (Vera-
eruz) ; “ yaxtehe-ché” (Yucatan, Maya); “alecotan’ (Costa Rica); “ higuillo
de limén”’ (Porto Rico).
In Costa Rica the plant is reputed to be a cure for snake bites.
59. Piper uhdei’* C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 248. 1869.
Mexico, the locality not known.
Branchlets glabrous; petioles 7 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate or
lanceolate, acuminate.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
PIPER ACUTIUSCULUM C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 2: 259. 1898. Type from
Valley of Cordoba, Veracruz.
*Named for C. A. Uhde, who was Prussian consul at Matamoros about 1845.
He made large collections of fruits, seeds, and living orchids, as well as of
herbarium specimens, which were sent to the Botanical Garden at Berlin.
126651—20——_11
156 . CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ANF dab 8
PIPER BEGONIAEFOLIUM Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 310. 1839-40. De-
scribed from somewhere in Mexico.
PIPER BREDEMEYERI Jacq. Eclog. Pl. Rar. 1: 125. pl. 84. 1811-16. Reported
from Jalisco.
PIPER CARDIOPHYLLUM ©. DC. in DC. Prodr, 16*: 374. 1869. Piper populifolium
Opiz in Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 160. 1830, Described from some unknown locality
in Mexico.
PIPER CHINANTLENSE Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 1843. Type from
Chinantla, Oaxaca.
PIPER KERBERI C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 2: 258. 1898. Type from Cor-
doba, Veracruz.
PIPER LEDEBOURII C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 281. 1869. Native of Brazil;
reported from Mexico by De Candolle.
PIPER MIRADORENSE GC. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 380. 1869. Piper patulum Mart.
& Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 128. 1843. Type from Mirador, Veracruz.
PIPER MULTINERVIUM Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 130. 1843. Type
from Jalapa and Mirador, Veracruz.
PIreR NERVOSUM GC. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 374. 1868. Piper patens Hook. &
Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 310. 1839-40. Described from somewhere in Mexico,
PIPER NITIDULUM Opiz in Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 154. 1830. Type from some-
where in Mexico,
PIPER ORIZABANUM C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 2: 258. 1898. Type from
the region of Orizaba.
PIPER PLATYPHYLLUM (Benth.) C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 375. 1869. Hnckea
platyphylla Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 167. 1844. Type from Manzanillo, Colima,
PIPER RETICULOSUM Opiz in Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 155. 1830. Type said to be
from Mexico.
PIPER TRIQUETRUM Opiz in Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 160. 1830. Described from
somewhere in Mexico.
PIPer TRICHOPHYLLUM C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 2: 261. 1898. Type
from Mexico.
16. LACISTEMACEAE.
1. LACISTEMA Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 12. 1788,
1. Lacistema myricoides Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 12. 1788.
Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, and tronvical America; type from
Jamaica.
Shrub or small tree; leaves elliptic-oblong, 10 to 15 em. long, entire, glabrous;
flowers in axillary spikes, apetalous; fruit baccate, ovoid, about 8 mm, long.
17, CHLORANTHACEAE.
1. HEDYOSMUM Swartz, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Oce. 847. 1788.
1. Hedyosmum artocarpus Solms in DC. Prodr. 16*: 485. 1869.
Veracruz, Morelos, and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high, aromatic and resinous; leaves mostly 12 to 20
em. long, ovate or oblong-ovate, serrate; flowers dioecious, the staminate
spicate, the pistillate capitate; pistillate inflorescence at maturity fleshy, com-
posed of numerous 3-angled drupes, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. i ayy)
18. SALICACEAE. Wiilow Family.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, stipulate, entire, dentate, or lobate, de-
ciduous; flowers dioecious, in catkins; fruit a small capsule, the seeds bearing
long white hairs.
The following genera are the only ones of the family:
5 Stamens numerous; bracts incised; disk cup-shaped; winter buds with several
RCC eine m yeremaniWhs LAr teers CHOKE IS aA Cre eles Sie iad opt 1. POPULUS.
Stamens usually less than 5; bracts entire; disk represented by one or two
small glands; winter buds with a single scale______________ 2. SALIX.
1. POPULUS L. Sp. Pl. 1034. 1753.
The species of Populus are generally distinguished from those of Salix by
their broad leaves, but one Mexican representative, P. angustifolia, has leaves
as Narrow as those of some willows.
The native species are widely used in Mexico as shade trees, for which
purpose they are very satisfactory, since they start readily from cuttings or
from large branches placed in the ground, and grow rapidly. They are not
very long-lived and the trees are frequently killed by mistletoe (Phoraden-
dron). The pistillate trees are not desirable as shade trees, for in the spring
when the fruit is ripe the seeds fly everywhere through the air, filling people’s
eyes and nostrils and becoming a general nuisance. This trouble may be
avoided by planting only cuttings taken from staminate trees.
Besides the native species, the white poplar, P. alba L., of the Old World,
and its various forms (‘alamo blanco”) is cultivated in central and southern
Mexico. It is distinguished by having the lower surface of the leaves covered
with a dense white tomentum. P. nigra L., the black poplar, another Old
World species, is said to be cultivated in Mexico.*
The most common name for the species of the genus is “ Alamo.”
Petioles rounded, not flattened laterally; leaves with very minute teeth,
Leaf blades ovate, dark green above, very pale beneath, rounded at the base.
1. P. trichocarpa.
Leaf blades lanceolate, pale green on both sides, obtuse or acute at the base.
2. P. angustifolia.
Petioles laterally compressed; leaves usually with large teeth.
Leaf blades not deltoid in outline, orbicular, oval, oblong, or broadly ovate,
pale beneath.
Petioles densely tomentose; leaf blades tomentose beneath when young, the
[REVEL CIS cfe7 2) Ree ee oe Mae eer MERI Oylge Sine meer ee Pee e 25S. ee monticolas
_ Petioles and leaves glabrous; leaf blades with small teeth.
4. P. tremuloides.
Leaf blades more or less deltoid, not pale beneath.
Pedicels as long as the capsules or longer.
Leaf blades mostly broader than long, the tip short, entire; capsules 10
HO)" AIBy Tan dag DY Dy aslo siege Sas aN rg age Ee 5. P. wislizeni.
Leaf blades much longer than broad, the tip very long, crenate-serrulate ;
GApSULE SM COs Se TNIN 1 OMe aes Si as ae 6. P. dimorpha.
*Apparently this name has been applied by some Mexican writers to the
native P. mexicana.
158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Pedicels much shorter than the capsules.
CANSUIES eM LON STOLE SOT UC Te ee eee ee 7. P. arizonica.
Capsules 6 to 10 mm. long.
Leaf blades usually broadly cuneate or rounded at the base, long-
pointed, glabrous ormearly, so => 2- 22 8. P. mexicana.
Leaf blades mostly truncate or subeordate at the base, short-pointed.
Petioles and leaves glabrous or nearly so_______~- 9. P. fremontii.
Petioles and lower surface of the leaves densely short-pilose or
tome OSes 2S s4 Fa are a ee te a 10. P. macdougailii.
1. Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray; Hook. Icon. Pl. 9: pl.. 878. 1852.
San Pedro MAartir Mountains of Baja California at an altitude of about 1,350
meters. Northward to Alaska; type from Santa Clara River, California.
Tree, sometimes 60 meters high, but in Baja California much smaller, with
a narrow crown; bark light gray, deeply fissured in age; wood soft, weak,
brown, its specific gravity about 0.38.
In the United States the wood is used for barrel staves, tubs, bowls, ete.
Among the Indians it was a favorite tree for making canoes, and the roots
were used in basketry. The sterile Mexican specimens seen by the writer have
very small leaves. This species is known in the United States as black cotton-
wood.
2. Populus angustifolia James in Long, Exped. 1: 497. 1823.
Along streams, mountains of northern Chihuahua. Northward to Canada;
type from the Rocky Mountains.
In Chihuahua said to be a tree 4.5 to 7.5 meters high, but farther north often
much larger, sometimes attaining a height of 20 meters and a trunk diameter
of 40 to 50 cm.; bark rough or fissured; leaves 5 to 12 cm. long; catkins 2 to
6 cm. long; wood weak, soft, light brown, its specific gravity about 0.39.
8. Populus monticola T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 1: 274. 1890.
Sierra de la Laguna of Baja California at altitudes of 660 to 1,550 meters.
Tree, 15 to 22 meters high, the trunk 60 to 90 em. in diameter, the bark
often smooth and white; branchlets at first densely tomentose; leaf blades
coarsely dentate; wood light reddish. ‘‘ Huirigo.”
The wood is used locally for making furniture and other objects. It has
been stated by Bailey’ that this is a form of the Old World P. alba which has
become naturalized in Baja California, but the writer is convinced from study
of specimens that this is not the case.
4. Populus tremuloides Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 248. 1803. :
Mountains of Chihuahua, Sonora, San Luis Potosi, and Durango. Widely
distributed in the United States and in Canada (type locality).
Usually a small slender graceful tree, but sometimes 12 meters high or even |
up to 18 meters, the trunk sometimes 60 em. in diameter; bark thin, smooth,
pale green or grayish; wood soft, weak, light brown, its specific gravity about
0.40. “Alamillo” (Durango, Patoni).
Large amounts of aspen wood are used in the United States for paper pulp.
The tree is one of the first to spring up in lumbered or burned-over regions, and
it often covers large areas. The Mexican specimens seen are all sterile.
Probably they should be referred to P. aurea Tidestrom,’ but the status of that
species is still uncertain.
*Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2756. 1916. * Amer. Mid. Nat. 2: 35. 1911.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 159
5. Populus wislizeni* (S. Wats.) Sarg. Man. Trees N. Amer. 165. 1905.
Populus fremontii wislizent S. Wats. Amer, Journ. Sci. 111. 15: 3. 1878.
Along streams at low altitudes, northern Chihuahua and Sonora. Western
Texas to Colorado.
Often 15 meters high, with a very thick trunk and large crown; bark pale
gray, fissured; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long; wood soft, brownish, its specific gravity
about 0.46. Commonly known as “délamo”; ‘ giiérigo” (Chihuahua).
In the Rio Grande Valley the wood is much used for firewood, fence posts,
and rafters of houses. It is not very good for fuel, since it burns almost like
paper. The fallen leaves are eaten by cattle. This cottonwood is the most
common shade tree of New Mexico. It was reported from Mexico by Hemsley
as Populus balsamifera L., a species of more eastern and northern distribution.
6. Populus dimorpha T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 197. 1905.
Along arroyos and streams at low altitudes, Sonora and Sinaloa; type from
Culiacan.
A large tree, often planted in parks; remarkable for the dimorphism of its
leaves, those on the older branches ovate-deltoid, very long-acuminate, those
on young shoots linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate.
7. Populus arizonica Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 57: 210. 1919.
Populus arizonica jonesit Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 57: 211. 1919.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, and Puebla, chiefly in river bot-
toms; Chiapas (?). Southern California to New Mexico; type from Arizona.
Large tree, sometimes 25 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 1.5 meters;
crown rounded, with spreading branches; bark light gray, ridged, or on young
trees smooth. Generally known as ‘ alamo,” but also as “ chopo” (Chihuahua,
San Luis Potosi) and “olmo” (Tamaulipas).
The wood is used for fuel, carts and cart wheels, fence posts, water troughs,
ete. P. arizonica jonesii (type from Valley of Palms, Baja California), to
which most of the Mexican material belongs, is a form with longer pubescence
than the type.
8. Populus mexicana Wesm. in DC. Prodr. 16’: 328. 1864.
Type collected between Tampico, Tamaulipas, and Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
Leaves broadly ovate, 4.5 to 7 em. long, long-petiolate, abruptly long-acumi-
nate at the apex.
The writer has seen no material agreeing satisfactorily with the type collec-
tion.
9. Populus fremontii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 10: 350. 1875.
Baja California; Sonora(?). California and Nevada; type from Deer Creek,
California.
Large tree, sometimes 35 meters high, with a trunk 2 meters in diameter, the
branches spreading and drooping; bark light gray and smooth on young trees,
brown and ridged in old trees; wood soft, light brown, weak, its specific gravity
about 0.48. “Alamo” (Baja California).
*The species was named for Adolf Wislizenus (1810-1889), who came to the
United States from Germany in 1835. He was one of the first of United States
botanists to visit Mexico, having gone, by way of the Santa Fe trail, to Chi-
huahua in 1846. He obtained in that State a large collection of plants, which
were reported upon by Dr. George Engelmann in a book published by Wislizenus
detailing his travels.
160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
10. Populus macdougalii* Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 61%: 1. 1913.
Northern Sonora and Baja California; type from the delta region of the
Colorado River.
Large tree; differing from P. fremontii only in the more copious pubescence,
and probably not specifically distinct.
2. SALIX L. Sp. Pl. 1015. 1753.
REFERENCE: C. Schneider, Bot. Gaz. 65: 1-41. 1918.
The various species of willows are found in nearly all parts of Mexico,
usually growing at the edge of water. They are often planted as shade trees.
Salix babylonica L. (“ sauz lorén,” the weeping willow), an Old World species,
with very long, slender, drooping branches, is sometimes cultivated also.
The wood is used chiefly for firewood, but also for construction to a limited
extent. In the United States it is burned for charcoal, which is of excellent
quality, being used in medicine and as black crayon by artists. The bark is
sometimes used for tanning, and the leaves as forage for stock. The flexible
tough branches are employed for making baskets, and they were so used by
many tribes of North American Indians. They are used also in Mexico as
well as elsewhere in the manufacture of wicker furniture. ‘The bark and leaves
contain tannin and salicin. The latter principle is a useful febrifuge, and was
widely used before quinine came into general use. A willow decoction is still
employed for treating fevers in Mexico in domestic practice, and other medicinal
properties are attributed to the plants.
The usual names for species of Sali# are “sauz” and “sauce.” The follow-
ing ones are said to be applied to species which have not been determined by
the writer: “Ahuejote” (Jalisco, Valley of Mexico) ; “ huejocote,”’ “ huexotl ”
(Nahuatl); “tepehuexote” (Valley of Mexico); “ yaga-gueza” (Zapotec) ;
“vutnu-nuu ” (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko).
Stamens 3 or more.
Leaves glaucous or glaucescent beneath.
Branchlets yellow or yellowish, glabrous___________________ 4. S. wrightii.
Branchlets reddish or purplish or tomentulose.
Branchlets densely tomentose; leaves densely villous-tomentulose beneath
when young; petioles 8 mm. long or less; staminate aments 0.8
ito'S' em: ‘Ong eR as ee, ee eee 5. S. jaliscana.
Branchlets glabrous or sparsely pilose; leaves glabrous beneath or nearly
so; petioles mostly over 10 mm. long; staminate aments 4 to 6 em.
TOM SS a 2 eS a ese Set ee el ee 6. S. bonplandiana.
Leaves green beneath.
Branchlets yellowish or yellowish cinereous; ovary often pilose.
3. S. gooddingii.
Branchlets reddish or purplish; ovary glabrous.
Capsule ovoid to elliptic, scarcely attenuate or short-attenuate at the
apex; leaf blades linear or linear-lanceolate; stipules eglandular.
1. S. humboldtiana.
Capsule ovoid-lanceolate, attenuate at the apex; leaf blades linear-lan-
ceolate to broadly lanceolate; stipules glandular on the inner surface.
2. S. nigra.
Named in honor of Dr. D. T. MacDougal (1865—), director of the de-
partment of botanical research of the Carnegie Institution, distinguished for
his contributions to the knowledge of plant physiology. Dr. MacDougal has
made limited collections of plants in Mexico, some of which are in the U. S.
National Herbarium.
STANDLEY——-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 161
Stamens 2.
Leaves small or very small, linear or lanceolate, with stomata equally dis-
tributed on both surfaces.
Aments short, the staminate ones 5 to 13 mm. long, the pistillate ones in
fruit 1.2 to 2 em. long; anthers globose or short-elliptic, about as broad
SHS) Neopaeeaes A Se kA Seah ie Ba De Les Ngee dts LT oe we Oe 9 pee Reg ee regegeeO 7. S. taxifolia.
Aments longer, or the anthers elliptic and much longer than broad.
Ovary glabrous or sparsely pilose; staminate flowers with 2 glands.
8. S. exigua.
Ovary densely sericeous-villous; staminate flowers with a single gland.
9. S. thurberi.
Leaves large or broad, without stomata on the upper surface; leaves rarely
small, the ovary then long-stipitate.
Aments appearing in the axils of full-grown leaves, 2 em. long or shorter.
Ovary glabrous or sparsely pilose.
Branchlets glabrous; leaves glabrous________________ 11. S. mexicana.
Branchlets tomentose ; leaves more or less tomentulose beneath.
Leaf buds rostrate, glabrous or sparsely pilose at the apex; pedicels
MoE slongenm than athe. bracts. -aa8 ase Ses 10. S. hartwegii.
Leaf buds merely acute, villous-tomentulose; pedicels longer than the
STEEN CG Se a a i eR ee ee Oe 12. S. schaffnerii.
Aments appearing before or with the leaves.
Aments scarcely 1 em. long; leaves usually 2 cm. long or less.
17. S. cana.
Aments more than 2.5 em. long; leaves mostly much more than 2.5 cm.
long.
Ovary glabrous; stigmas short; filaments glabrous.
Leaf blades lanceolate, oblanceolate, or narrowly elliptic; staminate
aments about 12 mm. thick; bracts obovate, very obtuse or trun-
CP HS 2 a IE fe Dae ee ele ee eee ra 13. S. lasiolepis.
Leaf blades elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate; staminate aments 15 to 20
MIN woMIek ss Practs ODlONS. jGulLe= = =—= == see 14. §. rowleei.
Ovary villous; stigmas lanceolate; filaments pilose at the base.
Bracts narrowly lanceolate, acute or short-acuminate.
15. S. oxylepis.
Bracts oblong, obtuse or subtruncate, rarely acutish.
16. S. paradoxa.
1. Salix humboldtiana Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 657. 1805.
? Salix oxyphylla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 19. 1817.
Salix stipulacea Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10*: 3438. 1843.
Saliz humboldtiana stipulacea C. Schneid. Bot. Gaz. 65: 7. 1918.
Veracruz to Colima, Chiapas, and Tabasco. Central America and South
America; type from Peru.
Large or small tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk 15 to 30 em, in
diameter. ‘ Sauce,” “ sauz,” ‘“sauz blanco” (Tabasco).
The Mexican specimens, as well as those from Central America, belong to
S. humboldtiana stipulacea. This differs only slightly from the typical form,
which ranges from Colombia to Argentina. A form which is possibly a hybrid
between this and S. bonplandiana is reported from Oaxaca.
2. Salix nigra Marsh. Arb. Amer. 139. 1875. -
Salix nigra lindheimerii C. Schneid. Bot. Gaz. 65: 9. 1918.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas, Sinaloa, and Tepic. Widely distributed in eastern
North America. |
162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Tree, sometimes 20 or even 40 meters high, with a trunk diameter of a meter,
but usually smaller; branches slender, spreading or somewhat drooping; bark
rough, blackish, coming off in narrow strips; leaves 6 to 15 cm. long; wood
light reddish brown, soft, weak, its specific gravity about 0.44. ‘“Sauz”
(Tamaulipas).
The bark is sometimes used in domestic medicine for its reputed tonic, febri-
fuge, anaphrodisiac, carminative, and stimulant properties. Palmer states
that in Tamaulipas a decoction of the bark is used as a lotion for erysipelas.
All the Mexican material is referred by Schneider to S. nigra lindheimerii,
which occurs also in western Texas.
3. Salix gooddingii Ball, Bot. Gaz. 40: 376. 1905.
Chihuahua to Baja California and Sinaloa, California to New Mexico; type
from Clark County, Nevada.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 12 meters high; bark rough, dark; leaves narrowly
lanceolate, 5 to 12 em. long; capsules glabrous. ‘ Sauz”’ (Chihuahua).
Palmer reports that a decoction is used in Chihuahua for fevers. A form
which may represent a hybrid between this and S. bonplandiana is reported
from Baja California by Schneider.
4, Salix wrightii* Anderss. Ofv. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Férh, 15: 115. 1858,
Northern Chihuahua. Western Texas and New Mexico. Type from Texas
or Chihuahua.
Shrub or small tree.
5. Salix jaliscana Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 77. 1908.
Jalisco, the type from Ferreria; Michoacan (?).
Shrub or small tree; leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate.
6. Salix bonplandiana H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 20. pl. 101, 102. 1817.
Saliz pallida H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 20. 1817.
Nearly throughout Mexico; type from Hidalgo. Guatemala; southern New
Mexico and Arizona,
Small or large tree, sometimes 12 meters high or more, with a trunk 40 em.
in diameter, the branches slender, somewhat drooping; bark brown, thick,
irregularly fissured; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 12 cm. long or
shorter, 1 to 2 cm. wide. “Sauz” (Jalisco, Baja California); ‘‘ sauce”
(Urbina).
7. Salix taxifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 18. 1817.
Salia microphylla Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 354. 1831.
Nearly throughout Mexico; type from Querétaro. Western Texas to Ari-
zona; Guatemala; Porto Rico (?). .
Shrub or tree, sometimes 18 meters high, with a trunk 50 cm. in diameter;
leaves linear or lanceolate, 8 cm. long or shorter, silvery-silky; capsules pubes-
cent. ‘“ Taray,” “taray de rio” (Durango, Patoni); “tarais” (Chihuahua).
8. Salix exigua Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 75. 1842.
Chihuahua to Baja California. Northward to Canada; type from Oregon.
Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high, or sometimes a tree 7 meters high.
* Named for Charles Wright (1811-1885), one of the most famous of American
botanical collectors. From 1847 to 1851 he made very large collections in
western Texas, southern New Mexico and Arizona, and Chihuahua and Sonora.
These were studied by Gray, and many species of northeastern Mexico were
first described from Wright’s collections. Later Wright obtained an extensive
series of plants in Cuba, and also in Nicaragua and other regions. Sets of his
plants are in the U. 8S. National Herbarium.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 163
9. Salix thurberi* Rowlee, Bull. Torrey Club 27: 252. 1900.
Salix longifolia angustissima Anderss. Ofy. Svensk. Vet. Akad. Férh. 15: 116.
1858.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; Durango (?). Western Texas (type locality) and
southern New Mexico.
Medium-sized tree.
10. Salix hartwegii Benth. Pl. Hartw. 52. 1840.
Mexico and Michoacéin; type from Aganguio, Michoacan.
Leaves elongate-lanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 3.5 to 9.5 em. long.
11. Salix mexicana Seemen, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 52: 9. 1895.
Hidalgo, Mexico, and Puebla; type from Zacualtipin, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high.
12. Salix schaffnerii C. Schneid. Bot. Gaz. 65: 30. 1918.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz; type from San Luis Potosi.
Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 6 to 9 cm. long.
13. Salix lasiolepis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 335. 1857.
Chihuahua and Coahuila to Baja California. California, the type from Mon-
terey.
Tree or shrub, 3.5 to 9 or sometimes 16 meters high; bark brown, rather thin,
fissured; leaves 6 to 10 em. long; wood soft, weak, light brown, its specific
gravity about 0.56. “Ahuejote” (Baja California).
14. Salix rowleei C. Schneid. Bot. Gaz. 65: 31. 1918.
Salix rowleei cana C. Schneid. Bot. Gaz. 65: 34. 1918.
Mexico (State) ; type from Hslava.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 6 meters high, the branchlets villosulous, the
branches blackish; leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, about 7.5 cm. long.
15. Salix oxylepis C. Schneid. Bot. Gaz. 65:-34, 1918.
Sali latifolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 344, 1848. Not. S. latifolia
Forbes, 1828.
Puebla and Veracruz; type from Mount Orizaba.
Leaves ovate-elliptic or obovate-oblong, 3.5 to 4.5 em. long.
16. Salix paradoxa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 20. 1817.
? Salix pringlei Rowlee, Bot. Gaz. 27: 186. 1899.
Salix paradoxa ajuscana C. Schneid. Bot. Gaz. 65: 37. 1918.
Hidalgo to Oaxaca; type from Moran, Hidalgo.
Shrub or small tree, up to 6.5 meters high; leaves oblong-elliptic, elliptic-
lanceolate, or elliptic, 5 to 13 cm. long.
17. Salix cana Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Bruz. 10°: 344. 1843.
Mount Orizaba, the type locality, and perhaps elsewhere.
Leaves narrowly oblanceolate.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
SALIX ENDLICHII Seemen, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 5: 19. 1908. Described from
the Sierra Madre of Chihuahua. Closely related, according to Schneider, to
S. cana.
*George Thurber (1821-1890), a native of Rhode Island, was appointed in
1850 botanist to the United States commission to establish the boundary be-
tween the United States and Mexico. He spent five years in making botanical
collections, from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean, and discovered many
interesting plants, which were described by Gray. He is well known also for
his publications upon horticultural subjects.
164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
19. MYRICACEAE. Bayberry Family.
1. MYRICA L. Sp. Pl. 1024. 1753. <
REFERENCE: Chevalier, Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 32: 85-340. 1901.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves alternate, estipulate, covered with small
glands; flowers very small, dioecious, in axillary spikes; fruit small, globose,
covered with whitish wax.
Chevalier reports a specimen of M. hartwegi S. Wats., collected by Pavoén,
from Mexico. It is probable that the collection is incorrectly labeled, for that
species is confined to California and Oregon, and its known area of distribution
is far removed from the Mexican border. Several species of bayberry occur in
the United States.
Leaf blades narrowly oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, 5 to 9 cm. long, acute
LO; WELCMUA LOS. © =-5 ose ee ee ee 1. M. mexicana,
Leaf blades obovate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, rounded to acutish at the apex.
2. M. pringlei.
1. Myrica mexicana Willd. Enum, Pl. 2: 1011. 1809.
Myrica xalapensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 10. 1817.
Myrica lindeniana C. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 150. 1864.
Jalisco to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatén, and Chiapas. Guatemala,
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves entire or with a few coarse
teeth. “Arbol de la cera” (Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Veracruz, ete.) ; “ huancanala ”
(Veracruz, Oaxaca, ete.) ; ‘ chae olol” (Chiapas, Seler).
Myrica lindeniana is considered a distinct species by Chevalier. It is said to
differ in having the leaves dentate above the middle, those of M. mevicana being
entire or dentate only at the apex. The writer has seen no specimens that are
certainly referable to M. lindeniana, but in view of the fact that the leaves of
M. mexicana are sometimes coarsely dentate, it does not seem probable that the
former is a valid species.
This is a well-known plant in Mexico because of the wax that is obtained
from the fruit. The shrub often occurs in great abundance, forming extensive
thickets, and the fruit can be gathered in quantity. It is boiled in water,
whereupon the wax rises to the surface and is skimmed off. The crude wax is
greenish, or often very dark from impurities, but it may be bleached or purified
until it is nearly white. It is not uncommon in the markets of Mexico City. It is
used for candles, which burn slowly, with very little smoke, emitting a pleasant
balsamic odor. It is used also as a substitute for or adulterant of beeswax,
and has been tested for making phonograph records. Small quantities have been
exported. The aromatic leaves also contain wax, but only in small quantities,
The wax is a popular remedy, taken internally, for jaundice and diarrhcea.
A decoction of the root bark is said to be acrid, astringent, and in large doses
emetic.
2. Myrica pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 236. 1905.
Myrica parvifolia confusa Chevalier, Mém. Soe. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 32: 285.
1901.
Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from ‘“‘ Honey Station,’ Puebla, in pine
forest, altitude 1,740 meters.
Shrub 0.3 to 1 meter high, similar to the preceding species. ‘“‘ Chilpanxo-
huilt” (Puebla, Herrera).
This species also produces wax.
YY
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 165
20. JUGLANDACEAE. Walnut Family.
Large shrubs or usually trees, commonly strong-scented; leaves alternate,
pinnate; flowers monoecious, small, greenish, arranged in long drooping catkins;
fruit a very hard nut, inclosed in a thick dry husk; seeds deeply lobed, usually
edible. ;
Husk of the fruit indehiscent; fruit very rough; staminate catkins solitary,
SERPS: OEP TREN IN AR ws ae Se a a eee in nn ae 1. JUGLANS.
Husk of the fruit splitting into valves; fruit smooth or nearly so; staminate
CHAS oS lone nedunculates 222" 52s) = Ue a eee 2. HICORIA.
1. JUGLANS L. Sp. Pl. 997. 1753.
The wood of the larger species of Juglans is highly valued because of its
hardness, toughness, and durability. That of J. nigra L., the black walnut of
the United States, is much used for furniture and gunstocks. The bark and
fruit are sometimes used for tanning and dyeing. The seeds are edible and are
often used in sweetmeats. Juglans regia L. (“‘nogal,” “nuez grande,” “ nuez
de Castilla ’’), the English walnut, native of Europe, is cultivated in Mexico.
Nuts large, 3 to 4 cm. broad.
Leaflets sparsely pilose beneath or glabrate, glabrate on the upper surface.
1. J. pyriformis.
Leaflets densely velvety-pilose beneath, stellate-pubescent on the upper sur-
FREY (Cs apne rs Recipe Me date las By SR ra ON he er me Oy ane Ne Ts 2. J. mollis.
Nuts small, 1 to 2.5 em. broad.
Nuts 1 to 1.5 em. broad; leaflets narrow, minutely and obscurely serrulate,
Sironely ftaleates snrub or small) trees. = ees 3. J. rupestris.
Nuts 2 to 2.5 em. broad; leaflets broad, conspicuously serrate, scarcely fal-
GRUNE: 3 VINER By eYE eee ans ta ea a DS ae ad Ae ee _____-4. J. major.
1. Juglans pyriformis Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1850: 79. 1850.
Veracruz and Hidalgo to Jalisco; type from Veracruz.
Doubtless a large tree; leaflets 9 to 15, acute to attenuate. ‘“ Nogal.”
The material at hand is not very satisfactory and it may be that more than
one species is involved. A specimen from Durango (Palmer 104) has a con-
spicuously pyriform nut, but the leaflets are almost completely glabrous
beneath. Possibly it represents an undescribed species, but it is referred here
for the present. Of this collection Palmer gives the following note: ‘‘‘* Nogal’;
15 to 18 meters high, the trunk 0.6 to 1.2 meters in diameter, the crown wide-
spreading; the leaves are thrown in water to stupefy fish.” -
2. Juglans mollis Engelm.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot, 3: 163. 1883.
Juglans mexicana S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 152. 1891.
Nuevo Leén and San Luis Potosi; type from mountains east’ of San Luis
~ Potosf.
Small or medium-sized tree, or sometimes 15 to 18 meters high, with a trunk
diameter of a meter; bark thick, blackish, deeply furrowed; leaflets usually 9
to 15, acutish to attenuate; catkins 7 to 12.5 cm. long; nut reddish brown, with
rounded ridges. ‘‘ Nogal,’” “nuez meca’”’ (San Luis Potosi).
The tree is said to be valued highly for its wood, which is sawed and is used
for bowls, tubs, and other articles. The husks of the fruit are used to procure
a coffee-colored dye. The leaves are heated and applied locally for rheumatism.
It may be that J. mexicana is a distinct species, but no definite characters are
observable in the material at hand.
166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Juglans rupestris Engelm. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zui & Colo. 171. pl. 15. 1854.
Coahuila and probably in Chihuahua. Western Texas and southern New
Mexico (type locality).
Shrub, usually less than 5 meters high, growing in clumps and branched
almost to the base, or said to be sometimes a tree 9 meters high; bark smooth
and yellowish on young stems, in age thick, furrowed, and broken into plates;
leaflets 13 to 28; catkins 5 to 10 cm. long; nuts dark brown; wood hard, weak,
close-grained, dark brown, its specific gravity about 0.70. ‘“ Nogal.”
4. Juglans major (Torr.) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 50. 1900.
Juglans rupestris major Torr. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zuni & Colo. 171. pl. 16.
1854.
Chihuahua and Durango. Arizona (type locality) and New Mexico.
Tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 1.5 meters, the
trunk short, the branches spreading, the bark dark gray, rough; leaflets 9 to
19, 6 to 12 cm. long; wood hard, rather weak, coarse-grained, dark brown, its
specific gravity about 0.67. ‘‘ Nogal silvestre” (Chihuahua).
A decoction of the leaves is said to be taken as, a tonic.
2. HICORIA Raf. Med. Repos. N. Y. II. 5: 352. 1808.
About a dozen other species of the genus (the hickory trees) occur in the
United States. Their wood is very tough and is much used for articles in
which strength and elasticity is needed, such as ax handles, wagon wheels,
etc. The seeds of most species have an agreeable flavor and large quantities
are eaten.
heatlets des budscalesisimbricates. = ae eee 1. H. mexicana.
Leaflets 7 to 15; bud scales valvate.
Leaflets 7 or 9, not faleate; shell of the nut thick__2. H. myristicaeformis.
Leaflets usually 11 to 15, conspicuously faleate, shell of the nut thin.
3. H. pecan.
1. Hicoria mexicana (Hngelm.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 283. 1888.
Carya mexicana Engelm.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 162. 1883.
San Luis Potosi and Querétaro; type from mountains near Alvarez, San
Luis Potosi, at an altitude of 2,400 meters.
Tree, 15 to 18 meters high; leaflets obovate, sessile, about 15 em. long, acumi-
nate, with a pleasant odor; fruit with a thick husk, the nut somewhat angled.
“ Nogalillo”” (San Luis Potosi).
The leaves are used for wrapping tamales. The wood is used locally.
2. Hicoria myristicaeformis (Michx. f.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 284.
1888.
Juglans myristicaeformis Michx. f. Hist. Arb. Amér. Sept. 211. 1810.
Carya myristicaeformis Nutt. Gen. Pl. 2: 222. 1818.
Nuevo Leén. Southeastern United States; type from Charleston, South
Carolina.
Large tree, sometimes 85 meters high, with a trunk diameter of a meter;
bark dark reddish brown, shallowly fissured into close scales; leaflets 5 to 12
em. long, acute or acuminate; fruit with a thin husk, the nut rounded, smooth,
brown; wood hard, tough, strong, close-grained, light brown, its specifie gravity
about 0.80. ;
3. Hicoria pecan (Marsh.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Club 15: 282. 1888.
Juglans pecan Marsh. Arb. Amér. 69. 1785.
Carya olivaeformis Nutt. Gen. Pl. 2: 221. 1818.
Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, and Hidalgo; reported from Oaxaca and prob-
ably in some other states. Eastern United States.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 167
Large tree, sometimes reaching a height of 50 meters and a trunk diameter
of 2 meters; bark light reddish brown, furrowed into narrow ridges; leaflets
ovate or oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 15 em. long; fruit with a thin husk, the nut
rounded, reddish brown, thin-shelled; wood hard, rather brittle and weak,
close-grained, light reddish brown, its specific gravity about 0.72. The follow-
ing names are reported from various parts of Mexico: ‘‘ Nuez encarcelada,”
“nuez chiquita,’’ “nogal morado,” ‘‘ pacanero,” ‘“ nogal de nuez chica,” ‘“ nuez
lisa.”
The bark is said to have been-used in Mexico in the treatment of intermittent
fevers and for dyspepsia. The pecan is grown extensively in the southern
United States, and the nuts are an important article of commerce. The kernels
have a very agreeable flavor and are eaten alone or in candies and other sweet-
meats. Most of the cultivated forms have much larger nuts, with thinner
shells, than the wild trees.
21 BETULACEAE. Birch Family.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, deciduous, dentate, the stipules usually
deciduous; flowers small, dioecious, in catkins.
Pistillate catkins conelike in fruit, the scales woody; staminate flowers 2 or 3
to each bract; perianth none in the pistillate flowers__________ 1. ALNUS.
Pistillate catkins not conelike, the scales thin; staminate flowers solitary above
the bract; perianth present in the pistillate flowers.
Fruit inclosed in a bladder-like closed sac__-______+_____-____ 2. OSTRYA.
Fruit merely subtended by a flat leaflike 3-lobed bract_______ 3. CARPINUS.
1. ALNUS Hill, Herb, Brit. 510. 1756.
REFERENCES: Fernald, Proc. Amer, Acad. 40: 24-28. 1904; Bartlett, Proce.
Amer. Acad. 44: 609-612. 1909.
Numerous species of Alnus occur in the United States. The Mexican alders
have often been determined as A. acwminata H. B. K., and there are many ref-
erences in literature to the name, but that species, described from the Andes of
Peru, does not occur in Mexico.
The bark of the alders is astringent and rich in tannin. It is used in Mexico
for tanning skins, giving them a red color, and it is employed also for dyeing
skins, blankets, etc., furnishing various colors according to the substances
combined with it. The Nueva Farmacopea Mexicana states that the leaves are
used as poultices for wounds, an infusion of the bark as a lotion in cutaneous
diseases, a decoction of the bark internally for scrofula and venereal diseases,
and a decoction of the fruit as an astringent lotion for inflammation of the
throat.
The following vernacular names are reported, but it is impossible to deter-
mine the species to which they are applied: ‘‘Aile” or “ayle” (Jalisco, Mo-
relos, Oaxaca; from the Nahuatl, “ailitl”); “abedul’” (Veracruz, Oaxaca) ;
“olmo del pais” (Veracruz, Hidalgo, Ramirez); “palo de Aguila” (Oaxaca,
Reko) ; “ yaga-bizie’”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); ‘palo de lama” (Guatemala,
Pittier). The Spanish name “ aliso” is used in New Mexico and in some parts
of Mexico.
Leaves densely covered beneath with yellow wax glands__1. A. jorullensis.
Leaves without glands beneath or the glands remote and inconspicuous.
Mature strobiles 7 to 14 mm. long. Veins very coarse and prominent on the
lower surface, ob ‘the! leaves. 382 ee es 2. A. firmifolia.
168 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Mature strobiles 20 mm. long or longer.
Petioles pubescent.
Leaf blades broadly rounded at the base, broadly elliptic-ovate.
: 3. A. pringlei.
Leaf blades acute or acutish at the base, ovate or oblong-ovate.
4. A. oblongifolia.
Petioles glabrous.
Leaves conspicuously pilose beneath, at least on the nerves.
“ae ee ates
5. A. arguta..
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so__________________ 6. A. glabrata.
1. Alnus jorullensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 27. 1817.
Along streams, Jalisco to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Volcin de
Jorullo, Michoacan. Guatemala.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high or larger, with smooth, reddish brown
branches; leaves oblong or obovate, 7 to 13 em. long; strobiles 1 to 2 em. long.
2. Alnus firmifolia Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 61. 1907.
State of Mexico; type from Cima Station, at an altitude of 3,000 meters.
Tree, 6 to 12 meters high.
8. Alnus pringlei Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 62. 1907.
Type from Uruapam, Michoacan; perhaps also in Durango and Jalisco.
Small tree. “Aliso” (Durango).
Certain doubtful forms are intermediate between this and A. oblongifolia,
but the type collection appears distinct from the latter species.
4. Alnus oblongifolia Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 204. 1859.
Sonora; perhaps also in Durango and Tepic. Southern New Mexico (type
locality) to southern California. ;
' Small or medium-sized tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk 25 em.
in diameter, the branches reddish brown; bark thin, light brown; leaves 5
to 10 em. long; catkins 9 em. long or shorter; strobiles 1 to 1.5 em. long.
5. Alnus arguta (Schlecht.) Spach, Ann. Sei. Nat. II. 15: 205. 1841.
Betula arguta Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 139. 1832.
Alnus arguta cuprea Bartlett, Proc. Amer, Acad. 44: 610. 1909.
Alnus arguta subsericea Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 610. 1909.
Tamaulipas to Veracruz (type locality), Oaxaca, and Chiapas; apparently
also in Chihuahua.
Tree, 6 to 7.5 meters high, the branches brown; leaves ovate or obovate, 4 to
10 em. long; strobiles 2 to 3 em. long.
The Chihuahua specimens were referred doubtfully to A. glabrata by Bart-
lett, but seem essentially the same as A. arguta. This species has been referred
to A. acuminata H.-B. &., A. ferruginea H. B. K., and A. jorullensis castaneae-
folia (Mirb.) Regel, none of which is known to occur in Mexico.
6. Alnus glabrata Fernald, Proc. Amer, Acad. 40: 26. 1904.
Alnus glabrata durangensis Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 611. 1909.
Hidalgo to Oaxaca; Durango; type from Monte San Nicolis, Guanajuato.
Large or medium-sized tree; leaves oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, coarsely
dentate, acuminate, ‘Aliso ” (Durango).
A. glabrata durangensis Bartlett is a form in which the lower surface of the
leaves is glaucescent; it may be specifically distinct. Specimens of A. glabrata
have been reported from Mexico as A. rhombifolia Nutt.
4 Se
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 169
2. OSTRYA Scop. Fl. Carn. 414. 1760.
1. Ostrya guatemalensis (Winkl.) Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 292. 1905.
Ostrya italica virginiana guatemalensis Wink]. in Eng]. Pflanzenreich IV. 61:
22. 1904.
Ostrya mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 292. 1905.
Veracruz to Tabasco and Chiapas. Guatemala (type locality) to Costa
Rica.
Tree, 12 to 15 meters high or smaller, with thin, light brown bark; leaves
ovate, doubly serrate; staminate flowers in slender catkins; fruits surrounded
by bladder-like bracts, arranged in strobiles like those of common hops
(Humulus lupulus L.). Commonly known as ‘“ guapaque.”
This is very closely related to O. virginiana (Mill.) Koch, but seems fairly
distinct. In the Guatemalan form the pubescence is slightly more copious
than in the plants of Veracruz, but there appears to be no essential difference
between the two.
The wood of the ironwood is very strong, tough, and durable. It is used for
railroad ties and other purposes. The bark is used for dyeing and tanning.
3. CARPINUS L. Sp. Pl. 998. 1753.
1. Carpinus caroliniana Walt. Fl. Carol. 236. 1788.
Carpinus caroliniana tropicalis Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 15: 28. 1890.
Veracruz to Jalisco and Chiapas. Guatemala; eastern United States and
Canada, the type from Carolina,
Tree, sometimes 12 meters high, the trunk up to 60 cm. in diameter, usually
compressed or fluted, the bark thin, smooth, grayish; leaves oblong-ovate, acu-
minate; staminate catkins 2 to 8 em. long; wood hard, light brown, very difficult
to work, its specific gravity about 0.78. ‘“ Lechillo,’ ‘palo silo,” ‘palo ba-
rranco” (Michoacin, Altamirano).
Carpinus caroliniana tropicalis is a form with more copious pubescence than
the type. Both forms of the American hornbeam occur in Mexico.
INDEX.
[Synonyms in italics. ]
Page.
a) SLUICTID Lp es ee 167
EEO) se Se a eee yaar ee 59
OSS) Ls Le Ss Sse rea 58, 59-60
ov GUEST RS Lo eee 59
Pee MOCHMULEO! == 2 t= ne 54
Cn) A oe 54
PMeHEROnrni Zaye = — 2s 2 ee Ss 73
Pepiie de abeto ——— == 2 ===. = 60
(BIG: [OIC eee a ee ee eee 60
v0 IQ 5 5 eet es 154
JCC 2 Se a ae eee 154
Oo) ORD L 2 a i 151
Eco COM ase ee 83
CIO LoS ee ee ee 150
2 RAST oes lt a eS cme a 59
EES Le a FIR a 107-142
UO OTP UE UI eee es a ee 115
AN DPC ORC Te ee ee ees 132
VEEP O hi ee Sa Se a eee ae ee 1380
EMERG) AS Se ee oe eee 127
PANE SCOT OG) ae See apa ey A ee 135
(A DAGID SS Nae ee 123
UDG a a a i A ae 135
ZVSREV ETE CE 165 Vee a a Lg 132
STILT Ure ies ene Ee 123
TPR OD SES a a as ee a 159
BURLING S OUOLG Bee a a ed ER 121
SAD Y EA OVS YE eh 0 Ye a ee ee 139
DUS GULOU Ay ese =e 114
BIOUS ISSIIN aes ee a 141
Di Phekihe ae iy
OURO DIUY UR = = Fe SE 106
LEY EA Gh oe SS ices A eae ee ae 130
SMEG Agee basse see 133
Shit OHV NRCM Sita Se 130
BASEL BURT OG eee ee i ee 134
GRE ie ep a en Se eee ee Ae 126
STACI AUG LIUG IL Umea ere Ee | a Es 123
VEIT GeMS)— as Se hy 127
UO Clit ere oes octet Sa Pale te 117
HOUTR TAC Se ee CN yee eT 120
CTL OTL SID ae ee ek ee 123
IER OS Aes RS Ee pas ae Sere 115
EIU R TT Ss ee ee eee 135
WEP OPN Pee ee 120
NIT OG IG. Se en is eee 130
DOMME se oe lek 2 a 123
SONIC LUMA ee 128
DOP RI eee Ser 135
WON ODN = =e ai ee eee a 135
OUne Leer se mors ale. 2 i, 131
LUO S dee eee hee 133
PRANCC AGP es sae Te et 127
126651—20 12
Agave trauniing =
eaespitosaj= = =e ee ee
COLOR C= == eee
candelapruim= wae ee ee eee
cantalajses 2 ee eee
CORVUS -= a a
ChiGp CWSisi= oe ee oe
Chilhwahiisins a eee ae
CHIGTUCONTNG pe ee eee
CHOMLLEN St Sam ee ha = ee ee
CRVCNE Can I eS eas
CUPYALL CCT, ae ss As et a
COMP viat at eae ee
CONCINNG = - ee
connochactodon= = as
CONSLOCTONG === eee
CONSOCIAL AL aa ee ee ee eee
COnvallish=- Aes. See eee Sie ee
CORMEKOUi) = 3 SaaS ae er
costaricensis 2222 et ee
CLaSsISPING 252 ee eee
ChENOL Os =e ee eee
Croucher =e eee
cuckiatC =e et
cupredita 2 So eS eee ee
dasylirioides == == =e ees
Gatylios 2S Sake Ss he ee
Geqbata.= 2 =e eee ae
Gea mia nae ees ee ee ee
ECORV ONS ee ee ee
GCECHISNCONG Es ae eae ee
Cecipiens ese. See Sesh ees
CenSITLOnI = == ee ee ee
CEnNSISDUN Ge ae ee ee
dentiens=) 22s = ee ees
GESen tis Se as ee ee
desmettiana
deweyanasee == sss eee
disiincta see. se eA
disSimulans_____ a 6. ee es
donnell-smighi === sa
COUNT we ee Se ee
Vill INDEX.
Page.
Acavenechinoides==——— == === — 142 | Agave kellermaniana___--~-~_-_-_~
Goltiitith<2 Ss ee ee 134, kellochit’.2.==2— tee
ehrenberei = = ee 135 kerchovel, =. = eee
CICUENS Rae” ee ee 123, 150 kewensis.. 223234 See
ellemectiana oo = ee 134 kirchnerisna =
elongata =a ee 116 kiightiana 222-2 ee
enolightantaps = 225 == se 115 k0Chii, 22-222 eee eee
Engelmann sass 2 se 135 ARGUnIe) = =. eee
CHALDeROCNS a Se 114 lamprochtlora. === ==
Oxpansa=ss a 2 Oe Ss ee 132 latissima —=.—-+ 3 tee
expaiiaia== = - == = ae 138 Wed = 8. 2=~ 23 ee a a ie
POC eae = See ee 2 ee ee 142 ucfoia = SS
folinas 0s ase ee 129 lechequilla = ee
fenz7 anges 2. Bod ee tes 124 | teguayiana: Ws = eee
TORO See 2 se aS Nee 128 leopeldi2— eee
filamentosare=— 24 = ee 141 lespinasSel). 222 =" =. 3
POT ae ee ee ee ee 141 lindleyi #42). ===. ee
adorngta 232. ee 140 lineorise. 223" 2 = eee
HOCCUAG? = Sa ne eee ee 114, 118 longisepalay- = eee 116 4
» LTRS SES aM oe Ngee ete en 130 longisping, === eee 133 4
favoseonae ae eco esa 120 lophanitha 2022558 eee 136 :
Hexispingse= 2 ae oe eee ee 133 ltirida.$ 2264-62 eee 122
Erpaliaatee ce urea Sas Sse ie 130 Witea eS eee 130
fourcroydes=—+— = 22. 119 macrantha— 324 2255 Se 136
PrAHZOS meee e ee ee ee 131 macroacanthas—— 120 q
fini see eae OE es SR 130 macroculmis === = 128 3
funkiana! = te ora 136 MiCwlata: 22. So ee 130
galedtieine SS = Sees ee 135 madagascariensis ————___—__=_-= 118 :
Sominiiora = =a ee 141 mapisaga=_ ae eee 130 7
8ONOTAE 2 eS 140 margcaritae ss <— - JS eee 127, =
phiesbrechtit= == === === ee 137 mort d+ =e eS ee 141 Gq
gilbeyi horrida ____----------- 137 marmorata 22-52") aes see 131 @
GlauGd a3 = 2 eR ee 130 martiang :. 5-222 a Se ee 185 4
quaucescens "== = eee 134 maxinvilianed) 2-5 ee 130 —
glomeruliflora__________ -____- 136 mevalacanthas. = == aes 123 4
eoeppettiand === aaa ee oe 135 melanacantha .22). = eee 125 4
=oldmanian a] = 2 een UW mellifina, 222-2 {=> eee 129
eracilte= 22): ._. sees 128 mestadl2 2+ — =< sey 123 3
eracilispina=——- === 129 MeHiCONG=— =. Ss 123,. 132m
qrandigentata=_==- 7233 s2—" 137 micracantha == = ee 135; 9
Ones ne wo 120 minarum. 23-3... +2 122
SOT CON a Sa es eee 118 Miniate — = 22 eee 130
puadalajarana) 2 = s=eeeee 123 MinNimMG\ === = ee 119
guedency7ni= == _ 2 > eee 135 mirabilis). =>". 3 ee 131
gutierreziana === a eee 116 MIALOTENS Ga 121
Hartman 2. eee 140 Milisi 22 ee eee 135
RASClLOit.= == = = 135 mitraetormis) == ===. es 128
Wayndldi = 29s he = Se eee 139 Minna, === Ss) eee 135
Reteracunthiea == 136 mulfordiana.22-- =. 2 eee 140
MOGKCiAn a= ee ee 123 multilineata: —<-2= — eee 136
HoOnizonvaliss. 2 w= ws> ees 135 nelsoni Us 33-3 es eee 128
NOntida, sae S=* A eee 137 Nickelstjo—=— 52.204 Le 140
ogi fg th = ee eee ee 134 NOG ee eee 130
huachucensiss = a= => ae 125 MssONiac so eS eee 136
MUMvvOlTatang, <= — = eee 135 nives, 200) 2 eee 120
Un tenia 2 sae et ee 121 NOGChi + = eS Ee eee 135
LOC ESS oa a = eS ee 142 NoOgh~ 2. = Se See 125
VNUTICOLO soe ee eS 123 oblongata. 22. fo eee 135
INDEQUICeNS = 2 eS 124 ODSGlITa: cose oe eee 137
ING CNet ae ae ee 132 oligophytian. = eee 120
inopidabilisne = see ee 138 opacidens= 2S] 555.2 ee 122
insulsa.=3. ee Sw eee 130 orcuttiang. oe eee 124
integrifolia 22-3 eee 120 ortgiesiana Len eee 141
intreplda’ _2-2- 22a 133 ottonis 2 ee 135
ixtlivs sss Se eee 119 pachys.cantha =. —_. se 124.55
karwinskil .-.2—_~ Ss Us lrg pachycentra:=>- = S22 22 Se 121
INDEX. Ix
Page. Page.
Agave pacifica_____--~------------ 184) Asave scolymus ==—2 = === = 123
FETT eS See 121, 130 Sebastiang ===) 124
palmaris —_____—___-=-------- 116 Seemanniang= ===. === === 122
palmeri ———~==~—_-_-------__-=- 133 Selloum 222 == aa 128
panamana ____-__------------ 114 ROR a a Se wets: 123
parrasana —___—__------------ 125 SCR Ce ee 123
LEDS Tee ee 125 Shawls ee ee 124
DPatvitlora—=—-———=—_ + —---=—__— 140 Sicaetolia == a= =e 120
Gani = ee eee 125 silvestris. 22 a ee 119, 130
MeO ee = 120, 142 | SUNONI ae ee eee 136
Peacocks ——— = — 137 SIMON Ss: 136
pedrosana.= === 116 BINS ae ee eS hess}
pedunculitera————== —=— = — 134 Sisalana= 2 2 = ee ee 118
edit = es ee 135 SINONUG Cine =e 130
DGTWETG a ee 135 ; SMITNION Wa eee 135
PICHDUCTUN S ren 141 Ssobnidesc. -=— = eS a LAATl
TeSHINIENS Se 117 SDECLOUUIS = a ee 116
OTD a ee Me SD INUOCCU N= 130
polyacantna === 135 BDO S = ee 130
DOCGATED 2a ee 136 SpinOSisst = 130
PDUs Bee eS 123 SCS ee 117
DORR) Soe ee 138 Splendens === === —=— === === 139
DD ESULDSS = = 130 StrEepeacenine == —— 123
Pringle eas = =. NESS 126 Strgtes ee 141
(PU QUER Dae Se 130 echinoi¢s = 142
GOS 130 SITICLO- © one See 142
PAMejgn@ 2a = = 119, 123 Strictats = ee 142
TERT OT Ole 126 SENG CNS == ee 114
RUN OSAs = a 134 S10 C1COL G2 120
pseudotequilana —_____---___-- 119 SUpSiinp le x= =e eee 127
pugioniformis _____--_---—---— 120 SD Geer ee a see 116
ULB CTAN CN 123 subzonata —___-~ SE hh Soya acl RS. 129
UNMIS Se ae ee 136 SUMOWEYCNSIS = 120
AREGUEUG = 114 Sullivan = eee 119
ONMONT POTS oe = a a i133 SUDCTUG pe 130
puOUMeLals = = ee ee 129 teCta ee ee ee 130
RASGONeCN SIS] = ee ee 122 LENUBCORENS( se i= TB
PARP RD . = See ee 141 teniispina === a ee 122
REGEN ee ee ee 121 tequilana =————— = 119
Regie Se TN a eat 135 fhEOMCtL eee BBY.
Bnogcacanthae === EP 117 thomwas2@. = ee ee 121
riguda elongata=———_—_--—=___= 119 thompsoniang= === 135
US (ULI eee ress oa 118 (Oder. Ways
MOLOLSS UNG = or ee SS 138 LOnCUCIO 106, 139
THONSVALDID Ge 137 tors Se eee 130
POG ie ee 137 tortispina = ee 121
MOS GANT a aes Cee Se 127 COUNLC yar es 140
ROUT Oli ee 123 triang wars. eee 137
MMDES CON Sasser a 114 UNCINGLG. == a eee 136
CVAD RT ea ES SE OO OME SPIES LSS 130 UME DVEL OLE ee 137
PATA OCIINGE me ae eS 135 OUTRO Do a a ee = 130
UT US =e = a ae eS 135 Viele Ch 7 123
MPD ee = oe eS eo a 118 Verschaireltii= = 123
TID UCOl eae et ee 135 (OT ee eee BE = 130
MILO Chita ane ee 135 WOSTILON ee ee eee 140
Sinn eee 130 WERT ee ee eee 120
OLACIUISDING- = = 129 wictonine-ner imac = eee 139
RNa tia ser 122 ayer Varco hs ioe ee oe ee 134
“TR ATETEL TT Lae seal a ee 135 (OUOMKOA ee Se a 130
SOUT 5 ee ele 123 ean So ee ee “-- ae
EST ea 125- viri ASSUN Ors ee ee
schidigera p Na ai a ee eee 158
Mate as. ne DUD HK Se Se a SS SS 118
OFLGQIESIONG =~ = == SS 141 LAPIN ho eee 2s Ree eee 135
Senlechtendalit 2 == Ss a= 131 ADOT CLUGNG 2 oe ee 135
SCHOUE ee a SE 140 washingtonensis__-____--_---- 139
x INDEX.
Page.
Agave weberi ______ CAO ee) me SES 128
wWereklel= -- = = Fe oer ee 132
AOL QCM a ao See 130
wmiesenburgensia — =o — = 22 eS 120
WIRTZ CNA ye ae Ok 125
OViGh ite ee Se oe 114
kale penis! ———~ see ol here 136
mvlonacanthay— 2 os Se ee eee! 139
VaQuianey = saat tat eee 120
WilLecdefohiaress] ss) 8, Lr ers 134
ZADUDCS A. = eee ee 115
OWA ese ape ee ee 129
PAGANI CLS ss nore ee ae 128, 129
Anuchiuetes Sea Se 60
ANCOR EE I 60
PN CIO LC ee ee ee ee ee 160, 163
Pl eee es = eS 167
paelepral UO = See Se 158
Babiiviges et aye rae Pa 157, 159
blanco 22~ 2s a) eae 157
JM COREE AL Ee Ret mab PEt Me a NES 103
ANeoholl= == sos eee ee Se 93, 99
CO CAN Y= 7s aa eS 7s = el See 155
ANE ee Oe Te i es 167
PUIROs ee ke en | ee ee ate 167, 168
Allica tor junipers=— 2 2s! ee een ae 62
NL TINS oe ee ae eal se ey 167-165
PAG eee 2h, Sah a a Salo ae 88, 107
AMCriGane 2-5 to 107
| of a Yet tenons. 5 WR seers. SES Le ae 123
Manila 225 2 2 ee eee 119
ZAUSOD hill aye ee .-. 41, 48-46
ANZAC, be Ales | ee eee 15,18
Amary lidacesie-saee aL eee 105-142
AMarVvilisiftamilyo- 105-142
PROCTICA Ne A1OC == < _ ee ee 107
AN 1) (a Se ee See 89, 96, 107, 140
Amphidesmium (subgenus of Also-
nl a) Ss Se a ee 43
AGUILLCNONT ON == A= el 85
PAVLT AR ere et See 2 says 96
PANO STO) = ae Se iG leealays)
PAT a COM GL =e Se 85-87
Anboledea cera. ss... 2) 1) es 164
deviapNoche, Triste. es 60
Artanthe caladiifolia.....__.-_-__ 150
CHAMNISSONIS. = eee 153
CECIMENnS 5 —= ee ee 154
OOD CRSIS Sa = ees ae 153
LECODINIUG = 2. BN ae 154
MCLUMOSEUCT Wao = eee 152
MECOICON Dae ae = ee ee 154
DOLOULOTD Ihe mes aa = te ee 152
BOMCL Gi e oee = Bee ola in I 150
ANUUMOS EY MOLI: see 70
PAT ete yee ees Oh eh ‘85-87
AgUNnG Inara: <2. seeten tee yn IS A 69
PAENITY ClO san Se es SE 66
PAB CM's. L 3 Soe eee 158
ABtrOCHTY MME ee ee ee 83
PUG COLGH) fis os) = ass yu ok eS 83
pvacwinite 2s oe es eee ee 54
edlorado.} 22 eee 54
DANI 6 88 en it a ee 167
BAD -Clise 2 6 oe aoe Se ee eee 119
BA CINA Se ok ee er 84
Page.
Bahamashemp! =.= 2-9 aa 118
Bald.icypress: =.) 60
Balliicss 435. 84
Balsamchro.: =.) 2 ee 60
Bamboo 222 2 3 Ue eee 65
BAIN DOS 2 Se" 22 =e ee eee eee 69
Bamboses@s-—— => 3 ee ee 65
Ibansti 2.22 ee a eee 59
iBaquina i. == eee 149
Basquile 2-4-2222 2 =e 149
Bayberry-==*.... 3. eee 164
familys 2-2 ee ee 164
Rear-erasss.. 2 = 2. She eI eae 94
Beaucarnea? ===. 9 <2 ee ee 95, 97-98
iBeciwoodti = s=--- eee 145
familys 2 eee ee 145
Bejuco de chiquihuite-________-— 102, 103
de. membrillo24- 2 === == 103
desvisnava =. se 144
diente-de-perro:=="—- . = es 103
Bentham, (George: ==. = 63
Berlandiers J, = eS 101
Bermejo. —s.-2 4 = ee ee 119
iBeschomeriqe. 2 eee 106
Betel; pepper-o == =' ee ee 145
Bete Sao ee oe ae ee 168
Betulgceses= 3. = Se ae eee 167-169
Bilimek\ 22 = Se eee 69
Binchslamilys = ee 167-169
Blackscottonwood=_-- =. === 158
pepper..-24 + 4 = eee eee 145
poplar. = ===> ~_Sse_ee é 157
walntt 23 Bs ete 165
Bilne aloes== === ae ee 123
zapupes—— = >= 8 eS 116
Bom. cabalssh>=_-)__- eS 77
Bombay. aloe: fiber.=— 2") > S332 119
hemp 222222 _*-52. ee e 119
Bonapartet = = 141
Bonpland,, Aimée’ —=—==_=" ==, === 18
Botanical exploration of Mexico__-~ 9
Bourgeaul. W222. = ss ee 131
Brahea)-2=_ 2. + ee ee 74, 75
Brandezee)) TAS e2 eS eee 74
Brea = 2 ae 5 Se eee 56
Gabulla]s.2 =) 33" Se ee 105
Cabuyax= 2522222 = eel a eee 107
blanca 2}. = = 2 eee 107
con éspina=~_ = eee 107
Olancho: 3-2). 2S 107
Cahuilte 22 = = oe eee 59
Cajum: 2202-6 3: ae ee eS ee 106
GCajum-cl 222 Se ee eee 106
Calibanus’=s2 === a a eee 97
Calyptrogyne — 22 S= === = ee 76
Cana ...2.-2236 54-4355. 325- = 72
Calta -bobaiz.=- 2225. ee eee 66
brava a2. eee eee 66, 69
de eases. = eS eee 66
de: Castilla a. 25-* 2 i a eee 66
Nuetego2 ga | oo 66
Caffatilie= ===> 5 20> eee 64
Canaveral = = 8 = eee 66
@andelilig = a-= === he eee 117
Cane, sugar. =. 25.e 222 ee ee 65
Carpinus'= =. .2-. 5. 2s 5 ee eee 169
INDEX, xI
Page. Page.
Carpunya (subgenus of Piper) ______ 1465 |) Cibotinme == se ee eS 39, 41, 47
CSiiCit ee 667) Cipré sas = See eS See 60, 62, 63, 145
naa Te ee ee a 66 GeyMéxico=s=—* a. eee ees 63
Rename wie Se 8 166 de Montezuma se eee 60
@asters, [gnacio-_--—= ~-> = _- WA CIDTCS Osco gern Sal Renan et 59, 60
Castillo, Juan Diego de____-_-___-__- See Citam Cla SS aes 232 ee ee 119
ON ST ee 145 | Cnemidaria (subgenus of Hemitelia)_ 42
_C ESSER TRYIN 1c Xone TAs all OOCRIS Te ere Ee 8 A i Sr q5
LIAD SG) 2a eee a eae pee 106 | Ceccobryon (subgenus of Piper)__._. 146
EU OTe TG e e e Of) COCOR es Be eae Et Se ee 82
atthe. oh 52 ee eee eee 61 dewacelte:- 2 22) ais eee 83
WACO. 28) ee ee ee 63 devaruan sss aoe. See eee 82
BERD ee eee 6157625363 der castillo eae 82
SPRITE Qeeeeee ts wet eee 62 de_Guadalayavas =) sss eee 83
let COREE fe = et ea SE 8 6G3e |; Cocolmetars= === se. Se Se eee 104
GOLOuAC Oar se 62 (fa Saja ee ee a ee a 144
DS 1G) GNGin eee see ee G2;263) || *Cocolmecan= == ==: Jee eer hee 104
@entral American sisal] —-———--__— LOM sCoconmte == 2)53 a ee a Sea 82
2 STEREOS? Sf) ee a ROME) COCOS ae = sae we oaks oe tet See 82, 83
BREE OTN re ee = AS: ll @Cocoterorasa ee Ss ae aes 82
Dn. SU a SE I COCOV Olen ee Stee Bee ae eS oe See 83
Renyantes, Vicente. ———_-—- = 13, 18 dewjauadcte= ees = 27 see 84
mesimevederico. = 2-44 = 2s Cocoyull =a_ ee ee Se ee eee 8
PSD GUESS a eae ye ees 164s: Cohune= ss 2382/5. ere Se ee 83
Bene Onen sesso 2S a a ee = So. C ola demOno= ees wes ao ee 39
SDUTTOC AIG je a Re a a ee Sues COU TTe Bees ee Sh ee ene ial 79
TILE ATTEN GS SS a (Silt COOK wh aes eee a, ee Ee 70
BEART CTATUM 3 = 2 sak on 2 a eee, SOC Coontie==s ses" Si SE a ee 49
Siettivanp goa Sra ee er S0m|pOonennicigeess ons ln al ny ee 73
LEO ANS eet ou ee Tonle Goquino-- 222. a8 ne ae 83
RIMES ae Sbie sso eee Oats COGIC OMe eas ne oe eee 83
SMM TOL oye = se. ee 82 DaApO Sopa els = a eee ee 83
AMUN See oe eo Rae ne le) 79 Cordoncillo —-\_ 145, 151, 152,153) 154, 155
Rows kia iia ee eee a 82 Dain COS eee aan alee re 153
LOLA CHAM 8), ees ER ee StiCondyline=< Se. oe 97
INGYOrTn Cy ah 0 a ee SOp | PGOrozoe = = ea ee ae ee oe 83
hintenianase. 2 5 lee ae 81 SAT AZO yo ae eee ee B}
LIEV Ea al A ee Sd RCorrimicntos. = = seas ee anes 145
TIN GEOG yee Dal eee Be eae rae es Se RO ORY Dit sen a hee es ee ee ese
TPAD AEG TTT SS eS Seen eatin rae eS Sty Cottonwood. 2 by ee oe ae 159
oreophila _____ ce nveN PN re Whee 80 placket ase ae ae nee eae oe 158
PBCHUELOTIN Se Hee ee ot SZ ae Caulters WHOM as ee oe ee 57
Vo AC aes een es Se et SOR Co vOle eo ieee BS ne 83
Pea GRUILS eee, Bee SE ET ee SL Coy OlecS ]2 2 See ew eee 83
SEE IOU eS = See ean ears, er OL Cozolmecatl=_2* 2 Sa aes Dae 104
RIASULCN Sie re a 2a eae SO) Cry osophilla <5 ees es eee 73
SCLIN VES 3 USE as hae ee Silay Cual-coyotlia= == = see ee 83
NEOLOMPET aaa s = Toe a ft ie Cubeb) bermies=- Scarkate Ses ae 145
LEROY ee SS ee ie eee 80: |hCuchariliaa = oes ae 5 See 101
Five) GOT a eB TS a a ack Sy | COpressiis oe ae | see Se 62-63
mendlandiama 220 2227s le a: (OC Cyatheape aa ae ee toa 39-42, 46
LIME CUO DS bo = ers ioe nS See (Salm Gyath edicea ees. =. 2. ee 38-47
Bue riricl geen ee Ps aS 45 eG ycadacea eas st 3 a La ey 47-5)
Charles III of Spain, expedition or__ SS Pe yiGR Gl gebe Te ley 2 eee ees rene ere eee 47-50
WA. a a ls ee ree ae ENGST OM I Oy ressp= aw ere ee) ee 62
CUNO OD 2 ea a ee ee ee 106 101K ree 2 8 SR eee Eee ae ee 60
Rttcloteermnme 2 cits Tee ert 119 Ole VLOnte Zin a = se een tee 60
Pine xOMUit © FS Jos GAA aD ae vlini Ones ee cl Sek ee ee 98-101
ARIITOMA ZANE eee eM 119 ACROLTIChG = sa — 2) ea ae e a 100
ener Om ek ee ibaa tale) benlandierit= 4 aks ee 2s ee 101
‘CTAIGGIENT ATT DTT 7 eS ae 1038 OTT CLO Di ae ee ee 96
hiorambhacene: 28 =o b=. 8 156 COERIULO SUN Se ok ae 97;
CUNO eC ia 2 St eh ee 84 CedrosanyM = se es ee ee 100
COMO Ss L528 ieee eer ee 159 duran sense: eens Soe ae 101
SRTIMIASUUEN Glee eign See cd Wg) Do 119 CLAULIIUD CNS aa eS ee Ay Ae 96
CTS GE NE Soe es eee ee ee 69 Plaeophyllums so = = eee eke 100
126651—20——_13
XI INDEX,
Page. Page.
Dasylirion, glaucum..-—— S= 100 | Fiber, “Bombay. aloe= i 222222232 119
NOVOCHIEG = = ee 98 Pelee. Se ee 93, 107, 129
praminiiolum =o. SS ee 101 Miarmoron! 5 Sh ee 107
hartwegianum__—_——----=~-~~ ene 95 Painanistle 2 <2 ee 89
DDO GCP Be ae ee ee 97 Tam piees = ee 88, 93, 107, 142
RCL ee ea ene 98 Wucea == 4s 2 eee 89
HUNCCUM 2. 2" =. 52 eee ee 950)" hans a eS eee 59.
juncifotium_——-__—__- Sie sae! 101 Dalsam =~ Se eee 60
La@iflornwm 22. = sal ee 101 Douglas-— 2-== 2 eee 59
Telophyitam=— 25 — = 2 eee LOOM ROUnCraye=——— ee See 105, 106
LONSISSi My ae CO WO YS EW bad "oe ake SL pes Ae ea 76
loners ty lone sas = eek KOO Vineiurcracas. = =. 105-107, 118
PrGdumte. 25> ee ee 100 3|\RRurerpen === = ee 105
DALMNOLL 22 es BO ae 22, ¢ L00?.) :Gnledttti => 5 3S 76
PAreyanine: 2! — See et 100r | Gambon, (hs x =-- = Se eee 13
PUROME a ee oe Ee 98’ | Gavilan, ~Joaqnin= =.= = eee 13
quadrangulatum__—-~ ~~~ aoe ss SO ie| -Geonome <= — 222 eS es eee 76
CRTC U ROUT AT) || ene es Ea i IN Se Ste) Ghiesbreeht. “Aveust. {= s= = eae 76
BEET ti LONi UM ee es LOE: “Gina sa Sees 2 Oe oe ee 61
BUNT OK ee ee ee ae LOO! |) (Giaucothean— = —— = eee 74
BCL = = ee 98: "|| Gletehenias— = © eee 37, 38
TexanUMn see oe ae 100..| Gleicheniscere —= _- == == ae eee 36-38
ar DE GLO TN eee = ae oe ee ee LO1s'|VGnetaceie == «ee yee 63-64
Watenp alms. Se. - Flee ee eS 06") “Goldman, h.OAG= = =a 98
lipitor ee OS een 76” | Grass. familys 223 ee eee 65-70
TDS HUE ts ae ee ee gee oe eee 903 92> | "Gray a ca ves == = oe ees 120
TPE TAPS, COME (G Mae a ee Se SS ee, 121+ | Greensaedve +. s 2a eee 118
Maw Candolle st ae ee ee 16 VADUDC Coa. ee a ee 115
TOR GOI Z wa Mie 2 ey ee ee L5S)||-“Greenbriek= =~ 522" 3 ae ere ae ee 101
NIESINGN CUS. =e ee 34>)| (Gress Sosiah=— =e eee 58
1 SENN ae) On 5 A gn cs eee ee 215i) \Gréssie = ae ee ee 58
DICksONia== — 2. Seok eee es 46, 47° || Gretado amarillo _-===_~ Ya ee 62
MUCrAnODLCTAS: 2:20) U5 25 meeps eee 36-38 caline oe: ee 63
Po Oni ete. ee ee 2 ee eee 48"|| Grisebach, bl. 0B. /A.<)—- ee = eee 67
MI DSCOred = ees 2 ese eee LAQ=t45:. |) Guacoyuli-—=- se 83
MIoscoreacese—- —-- = = S2 e 142-145) Guanito.talis:= = 2 = eee TT.
IMD NOG oo Le ee 40") Guano,descosta: 2. eee z Gi!
Mevcias fire” 20 =} Bee 59 de Tang 24.2. te = ee ee rel
LER OCG rs Se Se ee es Ad 34) (Gitap sages = a = a ee 169
iorees Alfredo... = - 2 144) Gna piles == ket es ee 142
WHEeSIAS Sen et ee 144°" @daya ‘de bao. =.=. = ee Te
lite See as eee 82 de cerros-a6 2S eee fir 6
Pee oe oe ee LG RGus yame.= 2. sts aS es 59
Dime = a et See LOSE) RG ria y ite tes ee in
Ganarne7 Dlance... 2.2 23 ees 103+ |sG@uerizo' Aa ee ee ee 159
Echeverria, Atanasio_____-_____-__ 1 oi Ca 5s ee oe Pe Se ee 66
Eleutheropetalum —~__------------- (ean Garis biGhes as oe eee ee 51
Enckea (subgenus of Piper) —----__-- 143)| Gynebiumics = — = oe ee bee 65
CET CR CONS RS eS 155 Hachorue =. 22 see eee 152
ETRE as os a Ee 150" | CBisllarines— <5 4 eee 59
DATION it on oo as name Se 155"| “Hartman Cs Ve ee ae 140
platyphylla-—________________ 156." ambywer: ease te eee ewes 56
schlechtendalvi ______________- 151 | Heckeria (subgenus of Piper)___-_-__ 146
TOD LO oe See ee ee 152 umbellata __.-_-_-_- REE 149
TUT (OO ee 62° Hedyosmum = 2222022 See 156
inelish: wrlnwt1-< Se 27 ae eS 166. | \Hemistegia.. = eee 42,438
IB )a AVG by es een i ee Pees, Ra 63264 »| Hemiteha =o se 40, 42-43, 44h
Mpednine ss otk ee 64° | Hemp; Bahama ee 118
“Ae Sa ie Oar rte Se RP 14-15 Bombay --------------------- 119
Neeveite Mauritius’ oes e222 Se eee 105
HSpaGi ae ae 120 Sina qinsas Tee ae heal 107. 118, 120
NDA OA ==) ee t= 2 ee eee 141, 142 ‘
Lee Hemsley, phytogeography of Mexico_ 3
eer angie bare LAD eeepc seep SN 107, 120
Estoquillo -~-~--------~----------- 141 | Hernandez, Francisco__-__-__---~- 10
alsa scocolmecs, 2.245 e es 144 | Herréra, Alfonso —.-.-_-2_---_-~-4 q
alsa nigel 2 eee Se 1173) Hespersloe: == =s eee 88
INDEX. XIII
: Page. Page.
BEPesnenaylicea = = es 2 ea SSolleknlyetamilve ase eso pate ee ee 87, 101
Sq gnii ee LGEGE alm DEL yp ne = se eee 54
Ur Ss 2 ae a 166—167 Helin Gli a Sa ee es EE 76
Pmeulagsanea = = = so St 150 | Littaea (subgenus of Agave)_______ 112
2 2 ee 1538, 154 decaliatar 2-22 at 142
Gb TDR io Se Se aera eee Magee ees 155 GOMiniflOni -— se Sere ee 141
Jitiiti |= ae 153, 154, 155 POCA as aoa Need = en ee 140
L2ccnitie ny a re ee Ge lov hake ee a tae 140
PRMPRNICOCK TOA ty Ss 650] soneinos a 0sée2= 25 ee ee 3
Reterarrmet! Crs) | 0h ea 150 | Lophosoria (subgenus of Alsophila) — 43
Sig: SATS ee eres 150 5 O TA NOS OT aa ee Pe 44
TES TR DE ae a ae ees eee ee 151 leamiboltiz Carl Se a es eerie 55, 140
Hemiteestrella =< 5 = ee AES He) sa el Loko eo) LB et LS eR a ee 160
SLT oe a ee THOM pela ney == 2a oe 106, 107, 119, 130
Semppuornpea Mm — = 2 2 SE Se 169 | blanco. ss eS ae Set 129, 13
mornaneam, NOp=—————_—--..=-—=—~ 169 CONIS0 Sein ee See 129
8 iin he oe ae ee 101 (wis 5 = ee ee ee a 129
prem ert a ee BS 59 cline Wu tore es = Se eel 128, 130
SO STL GETS ae ee 164 CUTAN dero: Sse ee ee 131
JMNM), 22 5 ae ene 72 Gee? Cals a 2 ore oe a 124
SSI OCOLC pe eS Sg SS 169 delendowses |. ee ae 118
“Uo bEdH) 2 a ee 160 SOPs see ae ee 128
ib ee ae i ieee 158 JSPR OOS = 2 oh ee 132
Jo iisdo SS a a ee a 83 TEN) TAS eee re, em on a 129, 130
Humboldt, Alexander von__--_-----~ 18 manson O- ee 130
RMD Utes =e Sn a 92 MAIS a 5 a ee ee ees 131
_liiine 2a a 143 PUM COs ences ee ee 132
_VAL0G 2 2 eee 143 SCrran Ol see See, 129
RMEEMSCRCCO Mis - = oh es 63 GURL CO ee ee se 118
BETRIDLG Speci ieee eis Fie mo 71-12 verdes) =f 8 sole ee 128, 129
MAON WOOO ti aS Se 169 yerder erande? so. — = se tse ele 130
LDPE 2st. 232 = ee eS OS iehlaeie yon. Ste ee eee 116
CEES SYD ESE a 92 NAIM Ona dO. == See ee See 14
Dermeieten ler. rs) eS ae eur 6455), Wale we He a oe ee 45
(Si SS SS ee At OOS G ae Mana Ca) eee ee Ce on 83
Mem palin ay C2 es 136 Mam fired aye 2. ees ee ee 107
Papen Sees SS oe HAS AKU e at EY le nail Elie) Cayce ee ieee Se Es 119
RIA Opa enn St ee 1b: | Mano de-zopilote: == == 149
Sd 2S eer eae ee ee 88 larga ihn. - tS pa ee plies halts)
LZ is ee O25 on oet mo calam Dilla = Se A 84
aoOcote. ——~ == — ee ee HGS OM eiMatamOros sibel 2.6. -_ ees ee ae 107
MEAs ts PATA ANG CF 0 ake ee a a i 152, 154
imino metrmMily == 2 See Se 63—640 | Manuritios hemp === = .-- = st 105
MerPinigaGene ss = = 165-16 Tal Maxon aw Re = 5 5o se Soe eee 36, 38
| DEUS) 3 eae LG65=l6GleMaya- language == = ee ees 7
io LTD OEE = ae ee re bias Mecapathi)= =e ee 103, 104
per CAM e Rd FOR G2 her lensi@== = 2 2a ae 37, 38
PSL Ti eee 2 ee eee 61 Bi (2) of (eee ence OSL eso Saas oe 130
COE LER EEE SVC Se Se 61-62 | Mezeal___ 107, 116, 117, 118, 120, 124, 180
SE TCTs 9S ae 101 UMN ee sete ae eh SP ee, 119
ERR MTTNGITT RS Vine ase eV vA Dee ae 80 HOV H SVG a= 2 ee ee a ee 119
Ree rma ms Wis Ai al ec 121 CUGH Ar Gears te a Ee ee 119
TEED ESOS yes Sap 18 LED Ul ee saa see 130
“LS DISH BVT Ss aes ee ee 156 des Tequilaj= = «SL ee 119
“LEN CESUNSE CIE) ECE ap 156 OTT Gane ee ee ee 116
“LA BES) Sis Sees eee ee “UES eat [tit FLY 65 6S Sice ee ee ee ei ed a eens 2 F 75
Mamintaver Pablo dé2—:- = yeas Veh er OSs ee ee a 2
LLP SIR SS 2 ak Se a eee GG—698 | MMirchiners 2s Se ee eee 75
ETO 2 22 Se ee ee AGO SA NVEIT 8 O91 AN O yes oe Se ee 2
LLG IN TN Ee 36, 124, 137 devant sos Set ee (EL
Spe IN COMA Sey ee LOsi-e Mixtec Jan cuagce 2 ee 7
PACU TTS = ieee ae eh ore oe oe Gomi NLOCINIO Nd) Vike = ee = a ae ee 14
LLG) DEEDS Tava 1 a SQelh Mohir-Gharles = ae es ee 3
Ha eee ne cee, en ei SOS AP ISDS ce CPR ee ee ee ee ea eee eS 151
1 TLE GS pe Sree ee VROTIAC OA ye = ene ed eS ts Es 83
LL MIL ETES Sa hee ag aS Le ae a 106 plan Comes = ee 151
XIV INDEX.
Page, Page,
MGHSTGT a. ees, ee ee ee 85-86 | Palma de garroche__-_--_________- 84
LTA ay Sa Se Ee ee 104 des euano= 2S Ss eee Te
Mueller shrederick==22—- = == Se = 149 denia witeen)—_<- - 2. 48
AN ALE OF) Soa SE Ee AR pe 164 de“mdcetas'* = =< 52" sy eee 48
Miyricaceneys 2s 2 sa eae eS 164 de*micheroy_ ==. _ 3 eee 72
Wahwaitl Jangudges 2: 222 === Se 7 de*San Pedro) =. 2 = eee 93
Name_____ SOAS oft ey a Ale Ee 143 dé.sombrers—--- = 1D
Nanabwapa tle.* = es ee 103 de“Tacd= = s-—- Se 74
INameaten os) 22 ele ss So Be 143 dulewas 2a". oN ee 7»
Naive pitchee 2S > 8a 2 SE ao ee eo 51 ixtle: o>. 2. se 89
INGISOH we hE WV eet == ee eee 54 loGh ===) - = eS ee 92
Neowashingtonia == = === -—- = ee 73 NOTA ie a oe 72, 74
INOS == Se eee ee ee 140 Dita == ease eee 92
IN eee es ee et ee 165, 166 TOal ees Se eee ae Se 71, 72, 83
Geenie7 (chica a= 2 = = Sees 167 nedond2)2=— =.= eee fal
FCO TEL CL Oa ee ae 167 sammandoeq—s2 eee 89, 93
RULVCSUn OS eee eee 166 San aJOS6L) % elt 2) 2s ene ee 91
INGealnilo 2 = Soak «Se es ee 166 SOVal = Se ee 75
UN rR ates ee Se ee es Se ee 94-9) Palmers Hdwarde 22 = 8, 100, 133
Nuezmchiquites <== see LG | -Ralmiliae==2s2= eer See 74, 91, 94, 96, 141
de Castilla: 22S 0 Ss = a eee 6dr) BalmiliG ===. = ee ee 73
Cncarcelatan-So= He eS LOT :| sPalmitas = et ae eee 91, 92,14
STAN OC, eee Se eel st UGS: || "Palo tom: 2. = ee ee 75
LES EE Se a ee ee Se ee 1Gitia|@ Palo, barranco:—_ =>. == eee 169
AN © Cay ee Oe ee ee 165 de-Srullas2 see «ee ee 16%
INAV OCILORULY Ss a2 a a 80 de Jamas ss 167
ON tute DUNG Se oe ees ee 53, 54 Silos es A 169
Mconetates-=2=— = S- —=, ant ee eee 39:-| pRaniceae 2 ee Ses eee 65
Ocote Se hea 52 Se eee Bl: Gs ls OS se ONACUN = 67, 68, 69
planeo = ee eS 54,55, '562|sRapalometl = —--=— = a eee 123
ehino: = 2-2 == 2222 =o sae ae ae SO MB apayOe 2 oe ae a ee ee 13
hembros==- =e HG6ul| (Parilin es a A ee ee 104
TTC Ose ee DOFOS. | Wharry nO Clk 2 en 100
ON CO Til Ns Se el ee li Ge atomd eenUlle eens = ee eee 117, 119
(CX a7 0) bape eae eyed ee ee 56 | MP awénee ae es ee ae 13,17
(ON coo 9 5 gS ee ee oy =e ere oe (ays Cat Wael 272) chs ese mes = eee. SRR SL Pe ee 167
Oloncatzine==2 25 2). eee 1045)" Pentambncete2 oe ee 60
(Quinioy See eee eee 159n 5 Pentameeese ee eee 60
delipats.. 22 6 2. ees 167, |) Peperomia == 2 ee 145
LOR ACE ee ee ee RS 66: "| 4Peppersbetel_— = === = eee 145
(DOT ie CL ae eee renee ee 124 DICK. 2A ee 145
Omega Os (Giss— 22 be Se ee 13 family = 2 ae ee 145-156
Buty Aa eee er oe nee 69S Philodendron= =e es 86-87
nonin alan oe er. = 5 See T\l SP HoOenIGACOLe=.58 - ee ee re ee 70-84
Ottonia (subgenus of Piper) _---_--~ 1464/6 Phoenixe 6 3e8 eee ee oe ee 76
Oye ee eee eS 599 /*Phoradendron- 22 oe == ee 157
Ovyameties ~ 222 22-52 eee 59u | bhragmites==—— = ee eee 65
HCH erO Mer) oes Es ee 1G | MP issdewmuUlae >= ee ee tle By (pa Fa
TEDW GESIST SN Ses ae a Se a 1042) (Pimoe se 2-2 ee 75
iemlnnmCOCONut=— = soso 2 825) einahetes <2] ee ee ees 57, 59, 63
(GLK Sy ee ae ee %63|oPinacese:2— 225225 se tee ee 50-63
LM yes oe aS oe (0=84. || sPinanona-s 226 ee" See eee 85
IRL YY chee ree 49.92::98.'94)"|Pineo24 2) Se Bo ee eee 00
SUD CINCO 75 family 322 SS2 Se eee 50-63
RUT Ce nr er ae EL 72, 74 limber. eee eee eee 54
(shit Ss See eee ee ae eee 93 Nutt See eee 53, 54
CO] OTE Osa eee ee 72 SUPar =] sewer 55
COLTTICNT Os ae ae 93 PET oe Fo eee 51
erlolla =e = se Sa ee 94 yellow —--- Be ee 57
GUulOnS. =. ke a ees 93° |) Bing=.-4 220. oo eee eee 51, 59, 145
devabanico=-— == = 75 SCANnUIG 325255 eee 54
de: Castilla = cee oe 73 barth6nt-se oe ee ee 51
dt ences... eee 82 blanco msc ee oe eee 56
de coquito de aceite_____---_--- 83 Cahuites 2.2... 22 Sasa 54
dé datiles. 2. 2a oe See as = 92 de, Australia -=2a=2 = ee See 145
deseseobas i i325 2 See 73 devaxtcars 2 oes eee 51
INDEX. XV
Page. | Page.
Binosde.corcho-— === = HSMP Pinus vetiCchtie =o eee a 54
MemviontezUma = =e 56 ApincEstenands=——- = ee 56
On = a ee HOM Pin vone = Se ee Se ee ee a ee 53
DinOn == Shy) iether 145-156
DG = eS Se 51 ACU S CU ee 155
Ve) ee 54, 56, 57, 58, 59 ZOUNCUM 2 ee ee eee 153
GIO a See eS 51, 55 aneustifolium= == 154
SSD J ee ee ee 53, 54 FEUDS 00 eas eee ee ener Wie ee 20 151
| honed 52e eee eee 53 begoniaetolium= == 2— = es 156
Ral |e 140 berlandiert =) 22 a eee 152
ea eee = = Fe be 50-58, 59 etl ete ae 2 te hes ete 145
THE TOUR 56 bourgeaul’. 2-23 2s] eee 150
TDC SS ee 56 bredemeyeri, == =~ == == 22 5as" 156
DOG 57 CeMevah hho thwirees SS 150
PV ACROUULCM == a 54 cardiophylime=—=—= == 156
WOOD OnLCG 2 ee eee 54 ceanothifolium_—__=__—_-=——=== 155
MembpnOlless—=— == a= eae at 53 cChamissonis= = see eee 1538
cembroides edulis_____-------- 53 chinantlensey see ee 156
MOnODRYUGs === = 53 cLinitoligm! aS 153
Bhi) eS eS 55 colipanum == eee 153
ROTEOUL ee et eS 58 Commutatume = eee ae 150
Roultent == 22222 Slee ae = 57 cordilleriannmy= == eee Bene LAD
MeEvOnNLONG, = 228 = St gee eee 56 | COrdovanunt, 222 See eae SEE 152
BRUT see me i LE 53 cubéeba eee = eee 145
einen vergii i= 22 = St 56 CUerNAVACANIIM, -3=— 2" Severs ee 149
ENOEIN@IRE SS 62 eel 57 decipiens’22-822525 Erie Set es 154
PO Se eee ee 56 decrescens2 2) = ar ee ieee 155
PVE S ee oe 54 descourtilsianum, =) ==" "22a 153
PERCE O Se et SL a 55 Gian deumee ee =e eae eee 149
MORnMONIONG ase Ka 56 Gilatatumipes ees Ss) ese ee 151
prem eiie soo Loe ee 58 Gisiunctuin = ee ee 149
gnenvilleae 2.5 2-2 ee 56 SCHELL aye ee ee 153
ivallepensis!22= == sae 51 geniculatumy) — == 152
HemrinwiGe ies Sn. So Le 56 Mrsununn =a eee 154
NCTE yiee 2 SS SSS SL ae 57 Hispidumes ee 154
fambertiana. = 2-2 5 55 jalapenses. =: c= See 153
LUbUSGUaM O.. Se 54 jaliscanum) “= =. See es ee 155
PAR SOI, eee = 2-0 Os ee Os Pepe 56 Kerwas icin Uni pee ee 150
ferophyilay 2. 28 ee 55 kerberiy 220 {2 a ae 156
ERTL UCU CIE ane ee ES 56 jab ri ret fees ae een eR Ee A ree 155
Uaveana______- hte Noi ee 53 lapathitolranmy eee 150
PRO OMtdat = Se ee 54 ledehouril). 92 ee eee 156
PN Oi zi eo as ee ee ee 55 Leptinuin: se eee 151
MUACTONRYLUGs = oe 56, 57 lencop hy ume 154
TOOMOD yi aa ee ee Se 53 liebmannii; 2" se 154
montezumae! 2-2 -=— 22a ass = 56 lindenit; = 342 155
Resi. Se oe 54 macrophyte = ee 153
OC CRIN CG | ee = ae eer ee 58 POY TS SET A Ua ey 2 155
PARSE Se ee ES Se 56 TTT @ COMIN 7 2 ee et 155
GSTCOSDCTNG —— = Sos 53 mecalophyllim = =—,-- ==. 151
WOURAN IOI (Deere Sen sae. eh 53 MmelanOso Chime erte 152
(RID, Ste ee es es oes 58 melastomoides, ===, = eae 154
Rien a een 54 MOREA MUI pee eS ee ee 154
(PUTO, a ee 51 mirddorense === 156
AG TLOLET O Negara es A 57 missntlense== eke eee 153
FEN SS Se ee deg eee 57 TYNUEC ULE Te lee cote cee eget ok Set 149
MSCUG OSELODUS=—— === = Se Se 56 POMEL VAM ee ee 156
CTLEDG Co ieoaTh ety Ce ee 53 MECSi gn ee 149
TECHN C Ec EE A ee a NE 55 BeneryOstims 22a eee 156
Uren eS ee 2 ot tia} HIS GUM eee ek RL os 145
PALS CUD LAUIB CL tes ee ane lee 56 TAT Gi CeUeye weeeeeee ce A aN 156
StnOvt;OnMig se = 52 = ee 54 ORRACAMUM Ge 252s Se Seve 152
LEMAR OU Myson eee BE 56 Oblonguimitt 2 oes eee ee 151
COCO eran ities Jat at) Pees 55 OLizapanum = tee ee 156
MUGCTOCOTp d= ae 55 RO IBEVEG IG tees Ae =e ge eee ere 151
xvVI INDEX,
Page. Page,
Piper papantiense —2-=5_- 2s 1504 | Retama weal 2 64
Mites (a Se 156.) Woezligsa = =e eee 106
DOC n> Sa ee eee LS6':|" Rose; Jee 22 OS eee 72.
plantagineum —2->-~——~--=--<. 150) |, Houliia= 22 eee 97, 101
DAatypnvilom £225.32 ees 156.) | Roig") ee ee eee 13
nopulifoltam: 22 a~ => SSS 156\-) Sabet 22 4 ees es ee ee 71, 72
potomorphes. >) ee eee 152 || Sabat Juan. “=. = eee 17
pseudoasperifolium ~_--_----_~~ 151 Sabinona 2 oe ae 60, 62
reLiculosmmM =. = ee eee 1b: || sacalaeshuite.-=——_ —- ==> eee 54
TORT =. ee ee eee 152° |. Saccharum=—>_2=—.2 = eee 65
Banetume = 8252s oo a ee 150 jc Sacelesh es ae eee 120
schlechtendahlianum __------- TOL Sa cqul = ee eee 120
Schlechtendalll=—— = ee 2511, |) Safford, We Giz 2-5 ee 13
SrateTerro linn: 2 see tee 154. |)’ Salicacese, 22-22-23) 2 la ae 157-163
Stipula cecum e: = ee ks Ta6<" aliens == = 160°
LeADeNRC 2] =o oS eee eee 150.2) Salix] = ee 160-163 ©
CORINAN GILG =~ 2 2 a et le 155 babylonics, <*> = —--S sae 160
viligefolium.—-_— Skee eae 150 bonplandiana:--- === == 162
trichophylum==2= eee ee 156 cana. -- Ue). Se eee 163
inigue trum => ene 156 éndlichii +2205 = eee i63
THDEECULACHIN —= = eet ogee 152 exigua. 22 a See 162
guhdele a ee et ee 155 eoqddineli-= --— 2 eee 162
umbellatum: =e.) ese 149 hartwegil._a— = - = a= ae 163
OS TLeUL An = 2 ee eee 155 humboldtiang. =.= = = ees 161
VAriiholiim), = — = ia ee ee 152 jaliscana = 2 eee ee 162
yucatanense === 5 =. = see 149 lasiolepis=-—==—-. 2. = "Sere 163
ZACHAPANUM = 2 = Sw 150 latifelia==~ 22 = - ee 163
PRiperacedes) = se ee ee eee 145-156 longifolia angustissima ________ 163
[ict = Se eee ae 105, 107, 132 menicanae 4. eee 163
Patg- Cl ee eee 119 microphylla: 2 2= = ae 162
itamoreal—2 >) = ee ee ae 64 nigra, = 4-2 22.225. see 161
ene. SS ae Ss 51, 61 Oxylepis' == —==s-._ .) sae 163
RDI se es ery ee 51 Onyphylia. 22. Se ee 161
Eito.de beiuco=- 6 = Sea 68 pollidd@=.=. > 2-2 eee 162
BES OTC ee = eee es ee re 131 paradoxa =. ==. ~ 2 eee 1635
Pittier, key to families of tropical aringle —-- =... => ee 163
American plants-______ au Are 5 rowleeiz = ->- 24 oe. eee eae 163
ean Oy = eee 153, 154 schaiimeril ee ee eee 163
e.monte. —- eee ee 154 stipulaceg 2s. 2s eee 161
Be ee SNL ls et 48 taxifolig= 22 -2>.. >. 162
iepacede si ae 65-70 thurbéri.==+2.—2.. 5 = eee 163
EP OUNOVULN = =~ ee 40, 44, 45 Wright... {= = eee 162
opiate 2. ee ee 157)"| Samoandoque 22 oe See 8s
EERO eae ts, ee 1bY. | S#muela_ 2-3 eee 89
POOL — 4 oe eee 64°" Sanguinariais<22-- a = eee 64
Be ae 167—160). | Santa: Marfa 2-5-2 =. oe ees 150, 151
era ON = ee eS 73 }-Seantilla de commerce eee 150
eRENOOLSH EA, =... 2 ~ ees 58-59 de eulebra’2._ eee 149
TE isn [Sith Se Nee ee 76 | MONES= fe ote se oe 154
Perms oe es 12841292130) 181 | Saponina +e oe _ eee 107
a ee ee SS et eae 39: | Sarsaparitie,=_-. 23 eae 104
TVS, Ae oe EERE AS) Sartorius, Carl. =. ese ee 79
RraiCOVMI en 2 ee SS) | Sauce = a ee ee 145, 160, 161, 162
Muauhcoyoulios= 2) ae Ses 84015 Shaa. soe 2 ee a eee 160, 161, 162
Quauhmecapatli-=--" s- = Ses ae 103 blanco. 22242 2535.67 ee 161
Onnnumecapatll 22 ee ee 103 lorena Se ee 160
Oi a a peas 3? 129 | Schiede, C.J. Wis. 2Skese eee eee 81
Abo VOe- Mico. =. 2 a ee 39 | Sehilleria karwinskiana____--_-_--~-- 150.
dew 7OrTd so oe Ee 154 lapathifotias.23-_ = 150
Balmde Cning 2-6 = es 104 | lépturac.= 232 > oe 151
Ramirez, phytogeography of Mexico_— 8-| Schlechtendal, Di B..0o__=_2s-S2sS22 151
EORER INE NAS eka oh Se 11.‘ Schott, A.) Ci. Vo Se eee 92 .
ER me ree ne ees 65° |. Seemann, Berthold =-="-_--2e=S2=2 122
Melmmnnrdtiae 2 a 8 ae ee Det We) (oSecutn.... aoe oe eee 119
Heke, Biba oe ee % | Sénseve,. Jalmes———.-2=-2ssee ee 149
Resin ots os eee ee 5is|Sess6; Martin=<) 22. See ae ees 13
INDEX.
Tare.
Sisal, Central American_______.___ 107
iH Ss ee eee a Ta keg
GT) iis ee ee ee 107, 118, 120
BEEMENCHCOHE™ == 2. 28 3 101-104
| Ue ee nee 101-104
1 SSSET CT ae 101-104
Li. Jj 10S a ee eens 117
Ong HIN Se Se ee eee 154
Peano ee Sy ee ee 100
. ll eee ee 48, 99, 100
00 SURE) 23398 eee ee eae 142
PPM ee eS ea 75
> TSC Ss a ee ee 73
oC. a 75, 91, 96, 98, 142
Rr RTILOPUE 2 80
Steffensia (subgenus of Piper) _____ 146
PPNIIIVOSLOCHYS = — = 2 = SS 79
BPPRUEE OS 5S et 93
SSL SAD (COPY Ease ae es 65
RAG 322 = ee ee ee ae 55
SE a aye Ee eS ee ee 66
PeeEPPERULIN ae a ES 87
Yampico fiber_____ Ren seT teers 88, 93, 107, 142
SUER PRESET Ceres oy 2 OE Se Se ere 160
Lilo... eee 51, 56
ODS = 3 eee ee 162
marascan-language—-. 7
Meme eS eek 162
IG Rite oS a ee 162
LS SCAN LEG pe ee ae a ee ae 61, 62
SE ERTS (5 ee ee eee 39
Barnette a es 5 = oe ee eS 50
LN eee ee 62
“USSG 2 a 50
LS Ray See ll ee 60
OURS ETS. = = 5s aa ae = a ee 50
SHU Gu a ee 63
Mmenvexote = += ee 160
Beet eres es ee Se Fa (iia res3
J oS0b eel icy tl vag eae a ee TT
ECS 2 ee eee 64
Megaiig SES Res Tene eae 119
LOLMAM DT eae Sar ge es 144
(ve Se ee ee 71
miprber, George... 5 163
La LS 2 Soa ee le oe eee 66
Pamanaquelite- 2 2-3 = > 150
Tlanepaquelite _____ See eas aes 150
MIRED AQUI ths= 2 Oe 150
STU Se Sa a ee ee 63
JS pe. ee ae eee coe 63
PG 2 a a er 62
OAK - arr a 63
TESST CET a 60
TIGRE STMT) 0b 38-47
Mmrciease,. William=— 9.2.» ___. = 87-105
mrementina de acote_= .--=—----_ 56
Le phi. = Sees, ee +- 56
UBECIDER D1 p tee ee eet Et Se 44
SONU PUD Zot ee 73
NOUS) 2 See ny 82
COMINO NDA ee Se 82
SPB TEU UN ee ee 51, 56
Type locality, definition of_________ 6
“UDR E SCE NER Se 155
XV
Page.
Waraude same OSG aera ee ee pees 114
VMine-ferneramiliy: =a = 2 eee 36
Wellin; sbla@lose 22 2.5 ses ees 165
TSS ye ee a eel 165
famillyeos = ee es ee 165-167
Washinetonia= =o 52-2 wh Sees 72-73
VEEP iN Sy wall O yy ee es 160
Wihite spo platy 9 ee ee a eee 157
Wildezapupe =<. aes sues 115
Wallowe familys oe et ee 157-163
WCC DIN Rae = ee Ba ees 160
Waslizenus: Adolf 2==—=-2s_ = ae 159
Wirieht Charles, 2) eee 162
STEW ee a aa ca ae ae eed Do ete 72
LOC Obp= = = es See ee eae 56, 59
DIC O CHG! 535 = Sere Feit 5 ee 103
DE ees ie eS re eee we AL, ee to 82
eI X= Clee Sa ern ea eS 119
PEIN ACO ann ee ee eg ee 151
LUC Clie es Ses. etes a eke ee 119
Vara-pizieta t= s< et ee 167
VYara-chichieino.w- 5 2 >2 sea 60
Wa ca-oezas sa Se eee 160
VYaga-cultehi xina = 2 60
Maca xia. es Oa ee oe a ee i
Wahuindayasiv == se. = eee 106
62) 10 en ae yi eee ee ee ee 143
Tamblyee = Se ee ee 142-145
OER GI ee eS ee Se ee 118
Wax Quile= ea os ee 118
War tehic-ch Gist. 0 a eS 155
Mellow pine. 5 eer we ee 57
MC Wires ea eS ee ee 50
PA yee. = er a ee 50
Vil CCS a eet ee a ee 89-94
COT OUNCES ee ee ee 101
aloiioha==- =. Ses 2 ae ee 91
angustifolia radiosa_______~ ae 91
ORG YTECUS 2 Ses ee See 106
GOYULODNYU = at eee 106
CSDOTG a2 SNE eee See ee 92
SUSbrALIS hos eS ee 93
baccata: australis === = 93
MaCcrocorpi. === 94
00sCu. = ee 141
OUD ONG 2 eee eS ee ee 106
ONG OUIG = es 93
COnagliculagla =" 22 eee 92
CU CUNO DO ee RE eee 93
Gecipiens sa = =e ee ee 93
Cates aoe Beet AS ee SS 91
elephantipes = === eS 92
endlichiana. = ee See 93
URAL OT Ca ee ee ee ee 88
guavemalensiss= 2 === ey 92
ULESCOMIS Sa - a ee h eae 92
Long Gude = = eee ae 97
MACTOCAT PAS = Ssa= Sa a2 = 94
MmoOnavVensisiS=- =oS e 94
panmentteri= == =F = aa 106
DOTUIULOT OC aa = oe a ee ae = 88
Deri Culosa = 3— e ae a eee 3
Ding = Se 106
COLO See ee es 91
LOT Gy Rees eae ee Se ee 91
INDEX,
XVIII
. Page.
Muccasrostrate ss. ee 91
PID LCOM es tes. 2s Es ee 91
TAA oe ee ee 91
OTR EN fh Fe 94
MARCH OU sass SoS 5 ee 92
OnTOLCN OVE = = ae ne ee 101
SCMPULACH =. 2) Se eee 91
PTHOMpsOMiana- =e ee 91
Loneviana a= 2 See 106
Ereculeanan <= -— a Se 92
Erelegsel =e oe Stet ees = SP SS ee 93
Va a eae ee eae 93
whipplet ee ee ee ee ae 88
CHILI IATL 00 Res ae ee en ee aE 92
AiECO-LCVeCye==— ae =e ees 75
WicCHenoathre <= = ae Shwe 60
MAINLINE tT O~ ee = = ge eee 61
Maine 2 See ee 75
WENN SS So eee 160
aE NU SAG Up a Se ee ee 56
Vacate: cortador == = 2S se he 94
Gelaparejoso3 2 S22 ee ee 94
Gevarma zones 2 ee 94
AamMia = 2a Sse OE on eS 48, 49-50
Wapoote se sho 117, 119
Zapotec tanenage== = vé
FGpuUpe == 2 See. 5 See eee ee 107
a2) {= 4 See 116
blues 22 5) ee ee 116
CMmMarron. = 22 ss eee 115
de vistopier>= —— "= _ 116
destivatusco====—+. ae 115
de San Bernardo] - "= 116
de Sierra Chontla === =a ees 115
des Tantoyuca == = ee 115
de Hepezintla)—— 115
deavincents.2= = a ip =
SCTCCD nee a ee ee 115
pilvestte= — = os ee eee 115
Verd@22=22- 224. 3-2 ee 115
yi aes 2 2S ee 115
ODT see So 2 Seinen LO 108, 104
ZAaTZaparrilla= As —— 102, 103, 104
deslatsierra-s3 > eae 104
de" Tierra \Calient¢__=— 104
de Dulancingo.£-<—- =e 104
Far7Ons. Seco OAs Sea ee ee 103
gine Wee eS, Se eS ee 119
Zoyacapulim 22322 Nie Ay ee 76
Aoyami che = eh 73
WO ALCS oe aoe oe a 75, 98
DOYRVICUC R= = 3 Ae eo ee eee 73
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM
VOLUME 23, PART 2
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO
(FAGACEAE-FABACEAE )
By PAUL Ci. STANDLEY
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1922
7 orn h, , & 7 F i ert GY ee wee
Pers 5 F 0 Mee: a
@ ian
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
II
PREFACE.
The present part of volume 23 of the Contributions is a second
nstallment of the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, by Mr. Paul C.
tandiey, assistant curator of the United States National Herbarium.
‘his portion of the work extends from the oak family to the bean
amily, both inclusive. Some of the largest and most important
roups of Mexican plants are included in the families here treated,
yhich contain many species of economic value. The account of the
aks has been prepared by Dr. William Trelease, of the University
f Dlinois.
Freperick V. Coviitr,
Curator of the United States National Herbarium.
Ilr
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO’
By Pau C. STANDLEY.
22. FAGACEAE. Beech Family.
The only representatives of this group native in Mexico are the oaks, which
belong to the largest genus of the family. The Old World chestnut (‘‘castafio,”
the tree; “castafia,’ the nut), Castanea sativa Mill., is said to be cultivated
occasionally in Mexico, Oaxaca, and other states.
1. QUERCUS L. Sp. Pl. 994. 1753.
(Contributed by Dr. William Trelease. )
REFERENCE: A. De Candolle in DC. Prodr. 16 7: 2-109. 1864.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, deciduous or persistent, entire, toothed,
or lobed, the teeth and lobes often bristle-tipped; flowers monoecious, the
staminate ones in slender catkins; stamens 6 to 12; pistillate flowers solitary
or in small clusters; ovules 6, but only one maturing; fruit an acorn, sub-
tended by an enlarged cup (involucre).
The genus Quercus is very abundantly represented in Mexico; indeed, no
other country has so large a number of species. In this region the oaks are
found chiefly in the mountains. In northern Mexico the species grow at
comparatively low altitudes, in the arid mountains, but. they occur also at
high altitudes in the larger ranges, such as the Sierra Madre. In southern
Mexico oaks are almost confined to the high mountains, but a few species
occur near sea level.
From an economic standpoint oaks are very important. The wood is of
the highest quality, being very strong and durable, although these characters
vary in different species. It is used for an infinite variety of purposes,
especially where strength is desirable. It is highly valued for furniture and
for the interior finish of buildings, for ship building, wagons, railroad ties,
and many other purposes. As fuel, also, it is unsurpassed. No other group
of hardwood trees furnishes wood which is so widely used, in Mexico as well
as elsewhere. The bark, too, is important economically, being one of the
most widely used tanbarks. Several species of southern Europe have very
thick, corky bark, which furnishes the cork of commerce.
The ieaves of oak trees are often punctured by insects, and as a result galls
(“manzanitas de encina”) are formed. These are frequently of the most
beautiful and bizarre forms, and often brilliantly colored. They sometimes
contain as much as 60 or 70 per cent of tannic acid, and consequently they are
excellent for use in tanning leather. They are widely employed also for
making ink.
Oaks are almost unsurpassed as shade trees in temperate regions. Because
of their tough wood they are seldom broken by wind. Their broad tops give
them a handsome appearance, and they are very long-lived.
The acorns (“bellotas”), too, are of considerable economic importance,
although less so now than formerly.2 In early times they were an important
* The first installment of the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, comprising the fami-
lies Gleicheniaceae to Betulaceae, was published as Part 1 of Volume 23, Con-
tributions from the U. S. National Herbarium, pp. 1-170, October 11, 1920.
* See V. Havard, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 118-119. 1895.
luge!
172 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
food of the American Indians, especially those of California and certain parts
of Mexico, and they are still employed to some extent. Acorns contain starch,
fixed oil, citric acid, sugar, and astringent and bitter principles. Sometimes
they are sweet enough to be eaten raw without preparation, but usually it is
necessary to rid them of the bitter principle. This is done by shelling and
skinning the seeds, then pounding them into meal. The meal is washed re
peatedly in water and then boiled as a mush or baked as cake or bread.
White oaks (subgenus Leucobalanus) have the sweetest and most palatable
acorns and have been the most generally used. All the live oaks (such as
Quercus virginiana, Q. pungens, and Q. oblongifolia) are said to have edible
acorns, but the black oaks (subgenus Erythrobalanus) were not extensively
employed. The Indians of the southeastern United States obtained from the
acorns of Q. virginiana a sweet oil much used in cooking. In more recent times
acorns have often been roasted and employed as a substitute for coffee, or
as an adulterant of it.
Oaks are of little importance in medicine. In Mexico the staminate catkins
are reputed anodine and antispasmodic, being used as remedies for vertigo and
epilepsy. The bark and acorns are sometimes used as astringents.
One of the most interesting products of these trees is the lac, widely known
in Mexico, which is produeed by certain scale insects, or Coccidae. This, pre-
sumably, is produced on various species of oaks, and also upon trees and shrubs
of other families. The following account, by Urbina,’ of its production upon
Quercus reticulata, may be quoted here:
“It seems worth while to mention here the manna which forms on Quercus
acuminata H. B., an oak which grows at Medina, on the boundary between
the States of Michoacin and Mexico, which was studied by Sr. D. Melchor
Ocampo, who gave the tree the name of Quercus mellifera, its vernacular name
being encina de miel. According to Dr. Oliva (Lecc. Farm. 2: 84), in May it
produces an abundance of a globular rough substance, which turns black and
resembles manna. Sr. Dr. D. Manuel M. Villada brought back from an ex-
cursion which he made to Medina a branch of this tree, black as if the bark
were covered with rubber, due to a fungus which had formed in such quantity
that it gave rise to a thick layer, in whose midst appeared very fine threads,
long and transparent. like caramel, and which, in my opinion, are produced by a
Coccus or aphis which feeds on this sugary substance. The excess is emitted
in threads whose peculiar form is due to the abdominal tubes of the aphis.
The explanation of this seems to me to be the following: In the month of
May there is an abundant secretion of glucose produced by the bark of the
oak, which is taken advantage of not only by the aphis which make these
caramel-like threads, but also by the fungus which attacks the bark.
“Under the circumstances, I believe it desirable that a study be made of
this product, which, in the opinion of Sr. Oliva, may be a manna, a presump-
tion apparently justified by the existence of two organisms; the fungus and
the Coccus, which develop simultaneously, using the same food—the glucose.
And as this principle is the dominant one in manna, I believe with Sr. Oliva
that this oak under favorable conditions produces this substance, which should
be analyzed carefully, after visiting the place where the oak grows, and study-
ing the manner of its formation, in order to comfirm or correct this view.”
The vernacular names applied to the species of oaks can be given in only a
few instances. Many names are found in literature, but the species have
been so confused that no confidence can be placed in the determinations. The
usual Spanish names are “encina” (live oak) and “ roble” (deciduous oak),
' Naturaleza 7: 105-106. 1900.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 173
with various modifying adjectives. The following names also are reported
for species not identified: “Alcornoque” (Oaxaca, Michoacain; this is properly
the name for the Spanish cork oak); “ cucharitas,” “ peinecillo” (Oaxaca,
Reko); “encina memelita”; “charrasquillo” (Durange, Patoni; shrubby
species) ; “ encinilla” (Durango, Patoni; shrub, 40 cm. high or less).
The usual Nahuatl word for oak is written ‘‘ahuatl,”’ “ ahoatl,” and “ aoatl”;
the following variants are reported: “Ahoaquahuitl,” “ ahuaquahuitl,” or ‘ aua-
quauitl ” (oak-tree) ; “ ahuatetz,” “ auatetz,” ‘“ ahuatetzmolli,” “ auatetzmulli”
(live oak); “ahuacoztic” (yellow-oak); “ahuatzin pitzahuac” (narrow-leaf
oak); “texmole” (Michoacan); “ ahuatezon” (Morelos, Mexico); “ ahuato-
matl” (acorn, literally “ oak-tomato ” ; sometimes corrupted as ‘“ aguatomate”)
Geographic names reiating to oak trees are: Ahuatepec, “ oak-hill”; Ahuachi-
chilpa, ‘in the red oaks’’; Ahuatlfin, ‘‘ near the oaks.”
Reko gives the following Zapotec names used in Oaxaca: “ Yaga-yoo,”
“ yaga-reche,” ‘‘ yaga-xoo,” “ yaga-cino,” ‘“ yaga-zache’’ Belmar lists the
following Mixe names: “Kook” (acorn); “sho”; “shokiup”; “ shotidnit”
(acorn). Otomi names, according to Buelna, are “méttza” and “ndeza”
(acorn). Gonzalez gives the Zoque name as “camay-cuy.”” A name reported
by Ramirez from Michoacan, probably Tarascan, is “ tarecuen.”
I. Fruit (not known in nos. 6, 7, 11, 15, 21, 26, 28, 34, 39) maturing the first
season; shell of acorn not woolly within, the abortive ovules at or near
its base: stigmas short and broad, nearly sessile: leaves not aristate,
but sometimes with tip and teeth pungently mucronate. LEUCOBALANUS.
A. Leaves, or many of them, serrate, never very small.
B. Acorn (so far as known) large or very large (20 to 70 mm. in diameter).
Leaves large.
COM GeENrEesscd-H1phose:= 2 =)! OTN BE a eee 1. @. insignis.
PPCOrH SHOTE-CONIE TS 4— ear see ee ee ee 2. Q. strombocarpa.
Acorn elongate. Teeth of leaf mostly larger.
Acorn very large (40 mm. broad and 60 mm. long). Scales short,
pes Tiras A Re ie ll LS 3. Q. cyclobalanoides.
Acorn distinctly smaller (30 mm. broad and 50 mm. long).
: 4. @. excelsa.
ses Boia T io, Tipp ig Wie ih Speer ea ar te RRS a A eR Oe ge. 5. @. galeottii.
Acorn unknown. Leaves rather blunt-toothed.
Leaves distinctly short-petioled___________________ 6. Q@. pinalensis.
ihenvyes nearly sessie: == 225"... PE ae 7. Q. chinantlensis.
Leaves moderate (scarcely 3 cm. wide and 10 cm. long), sharply serrate.
8. Q@. leiophylla.
BB. Acorn unknown. Leaves polymorphous on the same twig.
41. Q. diversifolia.
BBB. Acorn moderate (scarcely 15 mm. in diameter). Leaves moderaie,
nearly all toothed.
Leaves finely venulose-reticulate on both faces________ 9. Q. lancifolia.
Leaves heavily reticulate beneath, rugulose above. 10. Q@. glabrescens.
AA, Leaves, or many of them, crenate or shallowly round-lobed, never very
small. Fruit never very large.
Leaves blue-green, glabrous, somewhat glaucous, coriaceous, not rugose.
Leaves elliptic or oblong, low-crenate______________ 11. Q@. glaucoides.
Leaves obovate, more deeply crenate____________ 12. Q. glaucophylla.
Leaves green, or else rugose or not coriaceous.
C. Leaves glabrate or somewhat thinly puberulent.
D. Leaves oblanceolate-ovate. Fruit unkown____15. @. nudinervis.
174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
DD. Leaves elliptic-obovate or obovate.
Leaves subacute, scarcely rugose___________________ 14. Q. idonea.
Leaves very obtuse.
Leaves somewhat rugose and puberulent______ 38. Q. arizonica.
Leaves not rugose, glabrate.
Leaves finely low-venulose beneath_________ 15. @Q. nudinervis,
Leaves heavily veiny beneath________________ 16. @. standleyi.
DDD. Leaves elliptic-oblong, characteristically crenate only above.
HKruit’ subsessile’ acorn exserted2 ee! oes 19. Q. sororia.
Fruit stout-peduncled ; acorn nearly included______ 20. Q@. germana.
DDDD. Leaves oblanceolate. Cup seales thickened.
13. Q@. tuberculata.
Acorn oblong, rather slender (10 to 15 mm. in diameter, 15 to 25 mm.
long. )
Leaves slender-petioled, round-based__--~-~~ 17. Q. polymorpha.
Leaves short-petioled, subcuneate at base____18. Q@. juergensenii.
Acorn *round-ovord, thicker— 227 “2S ere eee 19. Q. sororia.
CC. Leaves transiently silvery beneath, elliptic-oblong or obovate.
52. Q. breviloba.
CCC. Leaves pale-tonientulose beneath, broadly oblanceolate.
21. Q. glaucescens.
CCCC. Leaves dingy-puberulent or tomentulose beneath. Peduncle mod-
erate or rather long.
Leaves not extremely large, distinctly or slenderly petioled.
Leaves scarcely more than undulate__________ 30. @. peduncularis.
Leaves crenate throughout, not very rugose.
Leaves elliptic-oblanceolate___________-_____ 22. Q. martensiana.
Leaves subpandurate, becoming glabrate______ 23. @Q. liebmannii.
Leaves crenate only toward the apex, rugose, pandurate.
24. Q. pandurata.
Leaves large (20 cm. long or more), very short-petioled or very thick-
petioled, rugose.
Leaves round-obovate, very obtuse. Peduncle thick.
25. Q@. macrophylla.
Leaves more elliptic-obovate and pointed__________ 26. Q@. resinosa.
Leaves oblanceolate-elliptic. Pedunecle relatively slender.
Leaves not pandurate.
Leaves rather acuminate, crisped___________.__ 27. Q. circinata.
Leaves blunt or subacute_______________ 28. Q. magnoliaefolia.
Leaves subpandurately narrowed_____-___________- 29. Q. lutea.
CCCCC. Leaves tomentose beneath, rugose. Peduncle long.
Leaves often very large (15 em. wide and 25 cm. long), obovate.
37. Q. decipiens.
Leaves never extremely large.
Leaves elliptic-oblong.
Leaves rather large (5 em. wide and 10 cm. long); peduncle
MOGErATES: 2 ae SUT Ie. a ae eee 30. Q. peduncularis.
Leaves smaller (scarcely 3 cm. wide and 8 em. long); peduncle
ALIPOUTN ee A EP Ce tt i ee 33. Q. laeta.
Leaves obovate to broadly elliptic.
Scales of the rather large (20 to 25 mm. broad) cup lax.
31. Q. hartwegi.
Scaies of the smaller cup mostly appressed.
Leaves broadly pandurate-obovate________________ 32. Q@. laxa.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 175
Leaves elongate-obovate, subglabrescent__34. Q. bonplandiana.
Leaves round-obovate or subelliptic.
Leaves crenate_----_- fg ety dt Yensd sph asa te s 35. Q@. rugosa.
Leaves repandly mucronate, whitened beneath.
36. Q. reticulata.
AAA. Leaves, or most of them, entire; fruit nearly sessile.
BH. Leaves tomentose beneath and rugose above, or else blue-green or very
small.
Leaves relatively large (fully 2 cm. wide and 4 cm. long), very rugose
and revolute.
Leaves obovate-elliptic, subcordate_____-____________ 39. Q. greggii.
Leaves broadly elliptic, round-based_______-___~ 40. Q. aculcingensis.
Leaves usually very small (scarcely 2 cm. wide and 3 cm. long).
Leaves rugulose and revolute, rather blunt.
Leaves’ deciduous! oe Ss eee Qi nmicrophylia:
Leaves evergreen or nearly so_____- 43. Q@. repanda.
Leaves not rugose, commonly acute__________________ 44, Q. intricata.
EE. Leaves glabrate (scurfy-puberulent in Q. grisea), deciduous.
Leaves neither rugose nor coarsely veiny.
Leaves elliptic or oblong, very obtuse, blue-green.
Leaves relatively narrow (1.5 cm. wide, 4 cm. long). Acorn striate.
45. Q@. engelmanni.
Leaves characteristically broader (3 cm. wide, 4.5 cm. long).
46. @. oblongifolia.
Leaves very broadly elliptic, more or less puberulent____47. @. grisea.
Leaves lanceolate, acute, very Small_______-__________ 49. Q@. pringlei.
Leaves not rugose, veiny beneath. Acorn short__________ 19. Q. sororia.
Leaves rugose, undulate, veiny beneath. Acorn elongate.
17. Q@. polymorpha.
EERE. Leaves canescent beneath, evergreen.
Leaves broadly elliptic, relatively large and usually obtuse.
53. Q. oleoides.
Leaves lance-oblong, or elliptic-oblong and pungently acute.
Cup turbinate or rounded; acorn oblong-fusiform__54. Q. fusiformis.
Cup umbonate; acorn conicaltS ive 16 tee os es 55. Q@. brandegei.
AAAA, Leaves, or many of them, pungently dentate or low-serrate.
Leaves canescent beneath.
Cup turbinate or rounded; acorn subfusiform_______~ 54. Q. fusiformis.
Cup umbonate: acorn conical_________-_ —_ _______. 55. Q. brandegei.
Leaves not canescent.
Leaves moderate, elliptic-obovate.
Peduncle elongate; leaves rugose.
Margin of leaves with crenate toothing ___________. _ 35. Q@. rugosa
Margin of leaves with repand toothing____________ 36. Q. reticulata.
Margin variously entire to crenate-dentate_____ Al. Q@. diversifolia.
Peduncle short; leaves only slightly rugose, puberulent.
38. Q. arizonica.
Leaves commonly very small; peduncle never very long.
Leaves ovate, the minute teeth near the apex, glabrous. 50. Q. toumeyi.
Leaves polymorphous in outline and margin_________~ 51. Q. dumosa.
Leaves elliptic-ovate, toothed throughout, pubescent.
Teeth of leaves very short (1 mm.) ; pubescence rather woolly.
44. Q. intricata.
Teeth long (3 to 4mm.) ; pubescence rather velvety. 48. Q. pungens.
176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
II. Fruit maturing the second season; shell of acorn woolly within, the
abortive ovules lateral; stigmas short and rounded, nearly sessile; leaves
entire to pungently but not aristately toothed. ProroBaLANus.
Leaves for a time tomentose, rather large; a tree________ 56. Q@. tomentella.
beavesrzlaprate, rather, small; .a shrub +=. 2.) ~ === 57. Q. paimeri.
IIlt. Fruit (not known in nos. 66, 70, 72, 75, 89, 92, 94, 95, 102, 103, 109, 112)
often maturing the second season; shell of acorn woolly within, the abortive
ovules characteristically apical; stigmas spatulate, on elongate styles;
leaves entire or toothed or often incised, the tip and teeth often aristate.
HRYTHROBALANUS.
A. Leaves small, coriaceous, not rugose, usually rather pungently few-toothed.
Leaves elliptic-ovate, more or less scurfy.
Toothing of léaves! repandis_& legit a5a) Ul wind prays gl feces 58. Q. emoryi.
Toothing of leaves serrate_tad ins _siwingay fuse gos ayers: 60. Q. eduardi.
Leaves lanceolate.
ieaves*tomentulose. beneath 22.03 vin fest ap _piainagy & 59. Q. durifolia.
Leaves glabrous, or in the first subtomentose.
Leaves veiny, rather elongate_ii+ 042 61. Q. devia.
Leaves: not. veiny—..=_2ies vise eno say peop ntti 91. Q. depressa.
Leaves broadly oblong or obovate-oblong______________ 93. Q. sideroxyla.
AA. Leaves usually moderately large, scarcely coriaceous, all, or most of
them, entire.
B. Leaves firmly tomentulose beneath, rugose, lanceolate. 62. Q. hypoleuca.
BB. Leaves firmly woolly beneath, rugose, broad.
Leaves obovate.
Leaves not aristate. Tomentum rather straight ________ 68. Q. fulva.
Leaves aristate from the veing____.________- > 70. Q. chicamolensis.
Leaves ovate to oblong, not aristate from the veins___71. @. dysophylla.
BBB. Leaves somewhat loosely fleeey beneath, rather large.
Leaves Trugose=2.. 0 L Aaepeyaey af bphyysS iteventghe ae €6. Q. floccosa.
Leaves noti rlgosetees feta aural oles tier a btrept ln oplipes 92. Q. orizabae.
BBBB. Leaves detachably woolly beneath, granular when denuded, rugose,
narrow.
Cup rounded, not inrolled at margin____-_______________ 96. Q. mexicana.
Cup turbinate, inrolled at margin__~—~-.+--4—4-__~ 22. 97. Q. crassipes.
BBBBB. Leaves sparsely stellate-hairy beneath, moderate.
80. Q. oajacana.
BBBBBB. Leaves sparsely scurfy, rather small.
Leaves rugose, subcordate.
eaves .elliptic-ovate- =... ee 99. Q. castanea.
leaves oblong. ==. J.) eta a oe el oe 100. @. rugulosa.
Leaves coasely bullate rather than rugose_____________ 80. Q. oajacana.
BBBBBBB. Leaves glabrate, but sometimes with axillary tufts of hairs
beneath.
Leaves very rugose, large, acute, cordate____________ 75. Q. rysophylla.
Leaves neither very rugose nor very large.
Leaves characteristically very blunt and rather broad.
Acorn thick-walled; leaves slightly rugose.
Leaves granular and glabrous beneath____76. Q. nectandraefolia.
Leaves not granular, somewhat persistently floccose.
77. Q lingvaefolia.
Acorn thin-walled; leaves not rugose.
Leaves broadly elliptic or oblong.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 177
Leaves not aristate from the veins, round-based. Cup turbinate.
Twigs glabrescent s.l5) tse horeees ease 78. Q. perseaefolia.
Twigsttomentosest uy Sati fergie jint ate 79. Q. pubinervis.
; ' Leaves sometimes aristate, cordate____________ 73. Q. aristata.
Leaves narrowly oblong——___—- “Si! Aube Wie 81. Q. totutlensis.
Leaves characteristically acute.
C. Leaves narrowly lanceolate (five times as long as broad).
82. Q. salicifolia.
CC. Leaves broadly lanceolate (scarcely four times as long as
broad).
Leaves rather large (fully 6 em. wide and 10 cm. long).
74. Q. uruapanensis.
_ Leaves moderately small.
Cup turbinately saucer-shaped_______-___- 83. Q@. ghiesbreghtii.
Cup half-round, deeper.
Cup rather large (15 mm. broad) ----- 84. Q. tlapuxahuensis.
Cup smaller (scarcely 12 mm. broad).
Petiole relatively long (10 mm.)-~-----~ 85. Q. lanceolata.
Peticle Short (onms) a at oe Ae tek 90. Q. ocoteaefolia.
CCC. Leaves ovate-elliptic.
eaves somewhat revolutei_1.--.--+_._1---— 77. Q. linguaefolia.
Leaves not Tevolutes ee tee hey opal sae ete 92. Q. orizabae.
CCCC. Leaves lanceolate-oblanceolate_____~-----____ 86. Q. laurina.
AAA, Leaves rather large, undulate or pungently dentate, rugose, tomentose.
67. Q. crassifolia.
AAAA, Leaves, or many of them, serrate, scarcely coriaceous.
D. Leaves very rugose, or elSe densely tomentulose beneath.
E. Leaves tomentulose beneath.
Leaves very rugose.
Leaves large, obovate, toothed above______--__-_ 63. Q@. scytophylia.
Leaves rather small (scarcely 4 cm. wide and 6 cm. long), subcordate.
heaves, obovate... 1. eenepos ony oe FU 64. @. omissa.
imedves- oblong =... Beye te ere ee YS 65. Q@. pulchella.
Leaves only slightly rugose, large.
Leaves oblong-oblanceolate______------_-_-_+-__ 111. @. calopnylla.
MAES SOT OEE Cae eee ae ale 112. Q. candicans.
ER. Leaves sparingly fleecy beneath, rather large. Teeth few.
66. Q. floccosa.
EEE. Leaves tomentose beneath.
Leaves rather large.
Leaves obovate-elliptic, the teeth few, toward the end__68. Q@. fulva.
Leaves ovate-elliptic, the teeth usually numerous and coarse.
69. Q@. stipularis.
Leaves small (searcely 3 em. wide and 6 cm. long).
Iheames mather iovates. ee Tie ee 71. Q. dysophylla.
WPaves velliptie-oblone: 288 ee Uae Sa Le 72. Q. splendens.
DD. Leaves only slightly rugose, cea or fleecy beneath.
Leaves oblanceolate-eilipiic, the teeth toward the end, scurfy.
Petiole moderate (often 10 mm. long).—-_--------~ 94, Q. chrysophylia.
Petiole short (5 mm.). Leaves often lanceolate and entire.
95. Q. tridens.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong.
Teeth toward the apex of the blade____________-__-_- 98. Q. lanigera.
Teeth along the side of the blade_~__----_---___.=__- 99. Q. castanea.
178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
DDD. Leaves not rugose.
Leaves furfuraceous beneath. Teeth small______-_- 107. Q@. furfuracea.
Leaves glabrate, but sometimes with axillary tufts beneath.
Leaves thick and small, scarcely venulose________--__ 91. Q. depressa.
Leaves thin, or else veiny.
Leaves moderate in size (scarcely 4 cm. wide and 12 em. long).
F. Leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong; teeth small.
Leaves rather broad, or rounded at base.
Leaves evergreen, subcoriaceous________-_-______ 61. Q. devia.
Leaves deciduous.
Leaves:motiveryiveinylet }wt el se) 1 es sow 106. @. sartorii.
eaves: very cvenulose-=. 2225-3 = 2. 108. @. grahami.
Leaves narrower (four times as long as broad), and subacute
at base.
Leaves neither revolute nor very prominently veiny.
89. Q. affinis.
Leaves somewhat revolute and more venulose.
102. Q. cortesii.
IF. Leaves ovate-lanceolate. venulose_____---___ 108. @. grahami.
FFF. Leaves oblanceolate, with coarse teeth.
Twigs and, petioles. clabrouseet) 120 nine _aeeks 87. Q. major.
Twigs and petioles pubescent_____-_______-_ 88. Q@. barbinervis.
FFFF. Leaves oblong, rather pungently tooted. 98. Q. sideroxyla.
Leaves large, with rather coarse teeth.
Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate.
Leaves elongate (four times as long as broad), much crisped.
108. Q@. huitamalcana.
Leaves broader (three times as long as broad), scarcely crisped.
Acorn moderately small.
Acorn depressed, nearly included_________ 101. Q. grandis.
Acorn ovoid, scarcely half included.
Leaves evergreen.+2.. = eee 109. Q. acutifolia.
Leaves. deciduious:=.3- -—. eae 110. Q@. xalapensis.
Acorn very large (40 mm. long)_-----_ 104. Q. chiapasensis.
Leaves ovate. Acorn very large____-__----__-+_ 105. Q. skinneri.
1. Quercus insignis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 219. 1848.
Veracruz; type locality, on the flanks of Mount Orizaba.
Large deciduous tree with stout villous twigs; buds glabrous, 5 to 7 mm.
in diameter, 10 to 15 mm. long; leaves large (4 to 7 cm. wide, 9 to 16 cm. long),
rugose, somewhat hairy beneath, oblanceolate-obovate, obtuse or submucronate,
short-petioled, usually short-serrate above; acorn depressed, blunt, 50 to 70
mm. in diameter, half-included, the saucer-shaped cup with thick squarrose
seales. “ Encina,”’ “ aoatl,”’ “ ahoaquahuitl” (Ramirez).
-2. Quercus strombocarpa Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 176.
1854.
Veracruz; type locality, San Bartolomé.
Resembling the preceding; leaves large (6 to 9 em. wide, 14 to 17 em. long),
elliptic-obovate; acorn conical, pointed, 50 mm. in diameter, the lower third
included in the very turbinate cup. “ Encina,”’ “ aoatl,’ “ ahoaquahuitl”
(Ramirez. )
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 179
8. Quercus cylobalanoides Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 54: 11. 1915.
Chiapas; type locality, Finca Irlanda.
Large deciduous tree with stout glabrous twigs; leaves large (6 to 9 cm.
wide, 15 to 25 cm. long), glabrous, oblanceolate, acute, short-petioled, coarsely
and acutely mucronate-serrate; acorn elongate-ovoid, 40 to 50 mm. in diameter,
50 to 60 mm. long, one-third included, the turbinately goblet-shaped cup with
abortive scales connate in rings.
4. Quercus excelsa Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 174. 1854.
Veracruz; type locality, Matlaluga. :
Twigs rather slender, glabrous; buds glabrous, small; leaves deciduous,
large (5 to 11 cm. wide; 15 to 25 cm. long), glabrous, oblanceolate, acute or
subacuminate, subsessile or short-petioled, mostly cuneate, subentire or typically
coarsely but acutely serrate to below the middle; acorn ovoid or elongate-
ovoid, characteristically 25 to 30 mm. in diameter, 40 to 50 mm. long, the very
shallow saucer-shaped cup closely covered by rather small and blunt scales.
5. Quercus galeottii * Mart. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10: 220, 1843.
Veracruz; type locality, Santiago de Huatusco.
Rather large (Subevergreen?) tree with stout glabrescent twigs and small
glabrous buds; leaves large (5 to 7 cm. wide, 12 to 17 em. long), glabrous,
oblanceolate, acute, subcuneately short-petioled, acutely low crenate-serrate;
acorn broadly ovoid, 25 to 40 mm. in diameter, 30 to 40 mm, long, one-third
included, the more or less flaring, rounded cup with subappressed pointed
Seales.
_ 6. Quercus pinalensis Trel.
Quercus cuneifolia Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 189. 1854.
Not Q. cuneifolia Raf. 1888.
Type from Cerro de Pinal.
Twigs rather slender, glabrous; leaves (deciduous?) large (6 to 10 cm. wide,
15 to 25 em. long), glabrous, broadly oblanceolate, acute, more or less cuneate,
short-petioled, coarsely and bluntly serrate-lobed; fruit unknown.
7. Quercus chinantlensis Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 179.
1854.
Veracruz; type locality, Lacoba.
Twigs rather slender, glabrous; leaves (deciduous?) large (5 to 6 cm. wide,
14 cm. long), glabrous, oblanceolate, long-acute or subacuminate, subsessile,
cuneate and entire below, very coarsely and rather bluntly repand-serrate
above; fruit unknown.
*Henri Galeotti was born in France in 1814. He sailed from Hamburg for
Mexico in 1835, reaching Veracruz in December. He spent six months at
Jalapa, collecting living plants, especially orchids. He passed on to Vigas and
Perote, and finally Puebla and Mexico. He botanized at various times in the
state of Mexico, part of the time in company with Ehrenberg. In 1835 he
spent two or three months in Hidalgo. At the end of that year he visited
Querétaro and later Jalisco and Tepic, and in 1887 Guanajuato. He ascended
Popocatepetl in June, 1837; in July he visited Michoacin, and in December
Aguascalientes and San Luis Potosi. In April, 1838, he returned to Veracruz
and made his headquarters at the German colony at Mirador. In August of that
year, in company with Funck, Linden, and Ghiesbreght, he ascended the Pico
de Orizaba, remaining with his companions for 11 days in a cavern on the
mountain. In 18389 he visited Puebla and Oaxaca. In 1840 he returned to
Hurope, where he become director of the Botanical Garden of Brussels. He
died in 1858. Descriptions of some of the new species discovered were pub-
lished by himself and Martens in the Bulletin de l’ Académie Royale de Belgique.
180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Quercus leiophylla A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 71. 1864.
Veracruz; type locality, San Bartolomé.
Deciduous tree with rather slender glabrous twigs and small rounded glabrous
buds; leaves rather small (2 to 8 cm. wide, 7 to 12 cm. long), glabrous, lance-
olate or oblanceolate, acute at both ends, short-petioled, subentire to typically
coarsely serrate above the middle; acorn ovoid, 20 mm. in diameter, 30 mm.
long, one-third included, the half-round cup with acute appressed scales.
9. Quercus lancifolia Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 78. 1830.
Veracruz; type locality, Jalapa.
Deciduous tree with slender glabrous twigs and small glabrous buds; leaves
rather small (2 to 3 em. wide, 8 to 12 cm. long), glabrous, venulose, flat, slightly
paler beneath, lanceolate, acute at both ends, subentire or coarsely, serrate
above; acorn elongate-ovoid, scarcely 15 mm. in diameter and 25 mm. long, the
saucer-shaped cup with blunt appressed scales.
10. Quercus glabrescens Benth. Pl. Hartw. 56, 348. 1840.
Hidalgo and Veracruz; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
Deciduous tree with slender, stellate-villous or glabrate twigs and small
glabrous buds; leaves rather small (8 em. wide, 6 to 10 em. long), rugulose
and glabrate above, often stellate-pubescent beneath, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate,
acute, mostly rounded at base, short-petioled, coarsely serrate above with
revolute notches; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 mm. long, less than one-
third included, the shallow cup with acute, rather lax scales.
An entire-leaved form is f. integrifolia Liebm. in DC. Prodr. 167: 35. 1864.
11. Quercus glaucoides Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 209. 1843.
Quercus cordata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 211. 1848.
Oaxaca; type locality, in the Mixteca Alta.
Medium-sized deciduous tree with slender, glabrescent, and often lightly
glaucous twigs, and small, at first hairy buds; leaves moderate (4 cm. wide,
8 em. long), blue-green, glabrescent, slightly glaucous beneath, subelliptic,
obtuse, cordate, short-petioled, rather crenately repand above; acorn unknown,
the small half-round cup with acute appressed scales.
12. Quercus glaucophylla Seemen, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 95. 1900.
Oaxaca; type locality, San Felipe.
Differing from the preceding in its obovate crenate leaves; acorn ovoid, half-
included, 10 mm. in diameter and 15 mm. long.
18. Quercus tuberculata Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 181.
1854.
Sinaloa (?) ; type locality somewhere in the western Sierra Madre.
Deciduous glabrous tree with rather slender twigs and small buds; leaves
moderate (3 to 5 cm. wide, 8 to 10 cm. long), elliptic-oblanceolate, rather ob-
tuse at both ends or the base very acute, short-petioled, crenate and often
crisped; acorn round-ovoid, 12 mm. in diameter, 15 mm, long, scarcely one-
third included, the suburceolate cup with keeled or tuberculate, acute, ap-
pressed scales.
14. Quercus idonea Goldman, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 321. 1916.
Baja California; type locality, Sierra de la Laguna.
Small deciduous tree with rather slender twigs and small buds; leaves mod-
erate or rather large (4 to 6 cm. wide, 10 to 12 cm. long), puberulent or gla-
brate, elliptic to ovate or oblong, rather acute at both ends or the base sub-
truncate, short-petioled, crisped, somewhat coarsely subcrenate, especially above;
acorn oblong-ovoid, 10 to 15 mm. in diameter, 20 to 25 mm. long, the deeply
saucer-shaped cup with acute subappressed scales. ‘‘ Hncina roble.”’
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 181
15. Quercus nudinervis Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 182.
1854.
Type locality, in the Cerro de Pinal.
Twigs moderate, glabrous; leaves large (5 to 9 cm. wide, 13 to 17 cm. long),
glabrescent, obovate or oblanceolate, obtuse or bluntly acuminate, rather
decurrent on the short moderate petiole, low-crenate; fruit unknown.
16. Quercus standleyi Trel., sp. nov.
Sonora; type in the U. S. National Herbarium, no. 635607, collected in the
ierra de Alamos, in 1910, by Rose, Standley, and Russell (no. 12789).
Deciduous glabrous tree with rather slender orange-brown twigs and small
round buds with tomentulose-ciliate scales; leaves rather large (6 to 12 em.
wide, 15 to 24 em. long), elliptic-obovate, obtuse at both ends, short-petioled,
coarsely crenate, paler beneath, with white veins and margin; fruit unknown.
17. Quercus polymorpha Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 78. 1830.
Quercus petiolaris Benth. Pl. Hartw. 55, 348. 1840.
Quercus varians Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 214. 1848.
Veracruz, Nuevo Leon, and San Luis Potosi; type locality, near Jalapa,
Veracruz. Said to be the chief component of the forest on the Uaxac Canal,
Guatemala.
Medium-sized deciduous tree with rather slender glabrous twigs and some-
what hairy buds 4 mm. in diameter and 6 mm. long; leaves rather large (38
to 6 cm. wide, 7 to 18 cm. long), lightly glaucous and sometimes rusty-woolly
beneath, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, obtuse, often subcordate, slender-petioled,
entire or crenately few-toothed at end; acorn oblong, about 10 mm. in diameter
and 20 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with acute appressed scales.
“Encina” (Ramirez).
18. Quercus juergensenii* Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 188.
1854.
Quercus jurgensii A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 7: 78. 1864.
Oaxaca; type locality, Chinantla.
Apparently closely related to the preceding, with short-petioled, cuneate,
rather large leaves (4 cm. wide, 7 to 10 em. long), and oblong acorns 15 mm.
in diameter and 20 to 25 mm. long.
Not recently recognized.
19. Quercus sororia Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 175. 1854.
Oaxaca ; type locality, Chinantla.
Twigs rather slender, glabrescent; buds small, glabrous; leaves deciduous,
moderate (4 cm. wide, 10 cm. long), slightly glaucous and exceptionally fleecy
beneath, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, rounded at base or subcordate, short-petioled,
entire; acorn round-ovoid, 15 mm. in diameter and 20 mm. long, one-third
included, the rounded cup with thin, acute, rather loose scales.
20. Quercus germana Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 78. 1830.
Veracruz and adjacent San Luis Potosi; type locality, Jalapa, Veracruz.
Deciduous tree with rather slender glabrous twigs; leaves oblong, medium-
sized (4 cm. wide, 10 em. long), rather obtuse, round-based, glabrous, slightly
glaucous beneath, short-petioled, crenately few-toothed at end; acorn subglobose,
15 mm. in diameter, nearly included, the round cup with rather coarse keeled
acute appressed seales.
*Little is known of Jiirgensen, who collected in Mexico for Galeotti, after
the latter left that country. .His collections were obtained chiefly in the state of
Oaxaca.
182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
21. Quercus glaucescens Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin 2: 29. 1809.
Sinaloa; type locality, Caieguale.
Large deciduous tree with rather slender glabrous twigs and small glabrous
buds; leaves large (5 to 8 em. wide, 12 to 16 em. long), densely pale-tomentulose
beneath, broadly oblanceolate, obtuse or bluntly subacuminate, cuneate at base,
short-petioled, repaud or bluntly few-toothed toward the end; fruit unknown.
“Encina memelito” (Ramirez).
22. Quercus martensiana Trel.
Quercus affinis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 222. 1843. Not Q. affinis
Scheidw. 1837.
Veracruz; type locality, Zacuapam.
Deciduous tree with rather slender glabrescent twigs and small hairy buds;
leaves rather large (3 to 5 cm. wide, 12 em. long), glabrescent above, somewhat
tomentulose and hairy beneath, elliptic-oblanceolate to ovate, obtuse at both
ends or mucronate and somewhat cordate, short-petioled, subentire or undulate
or repandly few-toothed; acorn subglobose, 10 to 15 mm. in diameter, half
included, the rounded cup with thin blunt appressed scales.
23. Quercus liebmannii Oerst. in Liebm, Chénes Amér. Trop. 16. 1869, name
only. ,
Oaxaca; type locality, Cuesta de San Juan del Estado.
Twigs rather slender, reddish, glabrescent; buds small, glabrescent; leaves
(deciduous?) large (5 to 7 em. wide, 18 to 17 cm. long), subpersistently pale-
tomentose beneath, oblanceolate-obovate, bluntly subacuminate, the narrowed
base subcordate, short-petioled, crenate-sinuate; fruit unknown.
24. Quercus pandurata Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 28. 1809.
Quercus obtusata pandurata A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 27. 1864.
Michoacan; type locality, Ario.
Small (deciduous?) tree with rather slender glabrescent twigs and small,
transiently fleecy buds; leaves rather large (6 cm. wide, 14 em. long), finely
stellate-scurfy beneath, pandurately oblanceolate-oblong, rather acute, rounded
or subtruneate at base, moderately petioled, crenate or somewhat shallowly and
bluntly toothed above; mature fruit unknown, the young cups with acute, some-
what keeled, appressed scales.
With very obtuse, more elongate, and entire leaves it is Q. obtusata Humb.
& Bonpl. (op. cit. 26. 1809). :
25. Quercus macrophylla Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 274.1801.
Quercus magnoliaefolia macrophylla A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 *: 27. 1864.
Coahuila to Jalisco, Guerrero, and San Luis Potosi; type locality, between
Tixtla and Chilpancingo, Guerrero.
Rather small deciduous tree with stout, yellow-tomentose but glabrescent
twigs, and glabrescent buds 6 mm. in diameter and 10 mm. long; leaves very
large (13 to 30 cm. wide and 25 cm. long or more), subglabrescent above,
usually persistently tomentulose beneath, round-obovate, very obtuse, rounded
or slightly auriculate-cordate at base, subsessile, crisped, undulate to coarsely
crenate-toothed; acorn elongate-ovoid, 20 mm. in diameter, 35 mm. long,
searcely half included, the broad cup with subappressed acute scales.
26. Quercus resinosa Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 182. 1854.
Sonora ?; type locality somewhere in the western Sierra Madre.
Deciduous tree with stout tomentose twigs; leaves large (10 to 15 cm. wide,
20 to 30 em. long), glabrescent above, gray-puberulent beneath and resinous-
punctate along the veins, oblanceolate-obovate, obtuse or subacute, slightly
cordate, crisply repand, on short thick petioles; fruit unknown.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 183
27. Quercus circinata Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 272.1801.
Type locality, between Tixtla and Chilpancingo, Guerrero.
Small deciduous tree, 8 to 10 meters high, with stout, tomentulose or glabres-
cent twigs and small canescent buds; leaves large (6 to 10 cm. wide, 15 to 25
em. long), glabrate above, velvety beneath, oblanceolate, blunt-acuminate,
rounded at base, short-petioled, crisped, crenate-toothed ; acorn elongate-ovoid,
15 mm. in diameter, 20 to 30 mm. long, one-third included, the half-round cup
with acute appressed scales. ‘“* Encina roble.” (Micheacén, Guerrero).
28. Quercus magnoliaefolia Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 268.1801.
Type locality, between Tixtla and Chilpancingo, Guerrero.
Like the preceding; differing little except in its more oblanceolate-obovate,
less acuminate, and less crenate leaves.
29. Quercus lutea Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 268. 1801.
Type locality, between Tixtla and Chilpancingo, Guerrero.
Like the preceding ; differing little except in its somewhat pandurate leaves.
30. Quercus peduncularis Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 270. 1801.
Quercus tomentosa Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 487. 1805.
Type locality, in the western Sierra Madre, above the Rio Mescala, between
Acapuleo and Mexico City.
Small (deciduous?) tree, with moderate glabrescent twigs and small hairy
buds; leaves rather large (5 cm. wide, 12 em. long), scurfy along the midrib
above and rather thinly woolly beneath, elongate-elliptic, subacute, somewhat
cordate, short-petioled, sinuate; fruit stalked; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter,
15 mm. long, less than half included, the rather shallow cup with acute ap-
pressed scales. ‘“ Encina” (Ramtrez).
31. Quercus hartwegi Benth. Pl. Hartw. 482. 1840.
Quercus obtusata hartwegi A. DC. in DG. Prodr. 16 ?: 27. 1864, in part.
Quercus pandurata hartwegi Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 197. 1884.
Type locality, Tuxpan, near Angangueo, Michoacan.
Deciduous tree with moderate glabrescent twigs and small hairy buds; leaves
moderate (4 to 5 em. wide, 7 to 8 em. long), characteristically velvety beneath
and along the midrib above, broadly elliptic or sometimes pandurately obovate,
obtuse, slightly cordate, short-petioled, repand to coarsely crenate or toothed;
fruit often long-stalked; acorn round-ovoid, 15 mm. in diameter, half included,
the flaring saucer-shaped cup 20 to 25 mm. in diameter, with acute, rather loose
seales.
32. Quercus laxa Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 181. 1854.
Quercus rylina Scheidw. Hort. Belg. 18377: 321. 1837. -
Quercus reticulata lara Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 195. 1884.
Jalisco, Tepic, Colima, and Michoacin; type locality, somewhere in the west-
ern Sierra Madre.
Very like the preceding; fruiting cup smaller (15 mm. broad), with more
keeled and appressed scales.
33. Quercus laeta Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 179. 1854.
Quercus pandurata laeta Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 197. 1884.
San Luis Potosi, Mexico; and Puebla; type locality, Grande.
Twigs rather slender, somewhat scurfy or glabrescent; buds small, glab-
rescent; leaves rather small (2 to 3 cm. wide, 7 to 8 cm. long), short-tomentose
beneath and on the midrib above, lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, obtuse, rounded
at base, very short-petioled, entire or crenate; fruit slender-peduncled; acorn
ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 mm. long, the thin half-round cup with small
subacute appressed scales.
55268—22—_2
184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
84. Quercus bonplandiana Sweet, Hort. Brit. 370. 1826.
Quercus ambigua Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 51. 1809. Not Q. ambigua
Michx. 1901.
Hidalgo; type locality, Moran.
Very like the preceding; differing in its more narrowly obovate, low-crenate,
longer-petioled leaves; fruit unknown.
85. Quercus rugosa Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 275. 1801.
Quercus spicata Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 46. 1809.
Quercus macrophylla rugosa Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 198. 1884.
Hidalgo; type locality, in the Cerro de las Navajas, near Moran.
Twigs rather stout and tomentose; buds small, subpubescent; leaves de-
ciduous, moderate (3 to 5 cm. wide, 8 to 10 cm. long), glabrate above, dingy-
tomentose and reticulate-veiny beneath, elliptic-obovate, obtuse, cordate, rather
short-petioled, callously crenate or coarsely and subpungently low-serrate
above; fruit long-peduncled; acorn unknown, the rather small shallow cup
with acute appressed scales.
36. Quercus reticulata Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 40. 1809.
Chihuahua to Mexico and Oaxaca; type locality, Santa Rosa to Guana-
juato.
Rather large deciduous tree with moderate, somewhat tomentose twigs and
small glabrescent buds; leaves rather small (3 to 4 em. wide, 6 to 7 em. long),
rugose, stellate or brown-tomentose beneath, the midrib scurfy above, obovate,
very obtuse, rounded at base or subcordate, short-petioled, repandly callous-
dentate above; fruit peduncled; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 to 20
mm. long, scarcely half included, the rounded cup with acute, appressed or
loose scales; wood hard, close-grained, brown, its specific gravity about 0.95.
“Palo colorado” (San Luis Potosi, Palmer); ‘‘encina de miel” (San Luis
Potosi, Mexico); ‘ encina” (San Luis Potosi) ; “encina quiebra-hacha” (Hi-
dalgo Villada); “aoatl,’ ‘“ ahoaquahuitl” (Nahuatl, Ramirez); “ chaparro,”
“encina prieta” (Oaxaca, Seler); “tnu-yaha,” “tnu-yia” (Oaxaca, Mixtec,
Seler).
Palmer reports the use of the acorns as a substitute for coffee in San Luis
Potosi.
37. Quercus decipiens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10*: 214. 1843.
Veracruz; type locality, Mirador.
Moderately large deciduous tree with rather stout glabrescent twigs and
medium-sized rusty-hairy buds; leaves unusually large (12 to 16 cm. wide,
18 to 25 cm. long), glabrate above, more or less puberulent and whitened be-
neath, obovate, bullate, short-petioled, very obtuse, repand or low-toothed
above; fruit very long-peduncled (peduncle up to 25 cm, long) ; acorn oblong,
12 mm. in diameter, 20 mm. long, scarcely one-third included, the half-round
cup with acute, rather loose scales.
38. Quercus arizonica Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 92. 1895.
Sonora and Chihuahua. Arizona; type locality, Huachuca Mountains.
Deciduous shrub or small tree with slender tomentose twigs and glossy
glabrate small buds; leaves small (scarcely 3 cm. wide and 6 cm. long), blue-
green, somewhat crisped and revolute, glabrate above, more or less stellate
and reticulate beneath, broadly elliptic or subovate, obtuse or acute. sub-
cordate, short-petioled, entire or repand or distantly denticulate or serrulate;
acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 to 20 mm. long, nearly half included, the
rounded cup with thickened acute appressed scales; wood hard and strong, close-
grained, dark brown to nearly black, the specific gravity slightly over 1.00.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 185
89. Quercus greggii (A. DC.) Trel.
Quercus reticulata greggii A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 *: 34. 1864.
Coahuila; type locality, San Antonio, near Saltillo.
Rather small evergreen trees with moderate, tomentose or more or less
glabrescent twigs and small hairy buds; leaves rather small (3 to 5 cm. wide.
4 to 7 cm. long), rugose, revolute, granular or puberulent on the midrib above,
rusty stellate-fleecy beneath, shortly elliptic-obovate, mucronately very obtuse,
cordate, short-petioled, entire or slightly repand above; acorn conic-ovoid, about
10 mm. in diameter and 20 mm. long, the shallow cup with acute appressed
scales.
40. Quercus aculcingensis Trel.
Quercus reticulata crassifolia GCerst. in Liebm. Chénes Amér. Trop. 20. 1869.
Oaxaca; type locality, Puente Colorado on the Cuesta de Aculcingo.
Twigs moderate, dingy-woolly ; buds small, glabrate; leaves deciduous, small
(2 cm. wide. 4 cm. long), rugose, revolute, densely tomentose beneath, the
midrib granular above, elliptic, rather obtuse at both ends, short-petioled, entire;
fruit unknown.
41. Quercus diversifolia Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 270. 1801.
Quercus tomentosa diversifolia A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 7: 83. 1864.
Type locality, between Chalma and Santa Rosa, Veracruz.
A scarcely placeable shrub, said to be 3 to 5 meters high, with rather small
leaves (2 cm. wide, 2.5 to 7 cm. long) tomentose beneath, ovate, oblong, or
elliptic in outline, and subentire to crenate-dentate on the same branch; fruit
on a peduncle 5 em. long.
42. Quercus microphylla Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 264. 1801.
Guanajuato, Hidalgo, and Mexico; type from Guanajuato.
Intricately branched deciduous low shrub with slender tomentose twigs and
glabrescent ovoid buds 2 mm. in diameter and 4 to 5 mm. long; leaves small
(1 to 2 cm. wide, 2 to 4 em. long), rugose, revolute, and concave, scurfy above,
woolly beneath, elliptic-oblong, mostly obtuse at both ends, very short-petioled,
entire or undulate or crenately toothed above; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter,
15 mm. long, one-third or more included, the half-round cup with acute ap-
pressed seales. . “ Hncina capulincillo”’ (Mexico, Ramirez).
43. Quercus repanda Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 31. 1809.
Hidalgo and adjacent San Luis Potosi; type locality. El Jacal, between Real
del Monte and Moran, Hidalgo.
Intricately branched subevergreen shrub with slender tomentose twigs and
small glabrescent buds; leaves small (1 to 2 em. wide, 3 to 4 cm. long), rugose,
undulately revolute, sparingly scurfy above, woolly beneath, elliptic to ovate or
obovate, commonly obtuse at both ends, very short-petioled, entire or sparingly
low-toothed above; acorn round-ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 12 to 15 mm. long,
nearly half included, the rounded cup with acute appressed scales. ‘ Encina,”
“encina negra,” “encina chaparro” (Hidalgo).
44. Quercus intricata Trel.
Quercus microphylla crispata A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 86. 1864. Not Q.
crispata Steven. 1857.
Coahuila and adjoining Zacatecas; type locality, Buena Vista, near Saltillo,
Coahuila.
Intricately branched deciduous shrub with slender tomentose twigs and small
glabrescent buds; leaves small (scarcely 1 to 2 em. wide and 3 to 5 em. long),
crisped and revolute, stellate-scurfy above, closely tomentose beneath, subellip-
186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
tic, typically acute, subcordate and typically entire, very short-petioled; acorn
round, subincluded, scarcely 10 mm. in diameter, the rounded cup with acute
appressed scales.
45. Quercus engelmanni * Greene in Greene & Kellogg, Ill. West Amer. Oaks 82.
1889.
Southeastern California; type locality, between San Diego and Los Angeles;
said to reach adjoining Baja California.
A moderate-sized tree very like the following, except in its broader leaves,
but of distinct geographic range; wood hard, strong but brittle, close-grained,
brown, its specific gravity about 0.94.
The wood is said to check badly in drying and to be useful only for fuel.
46. Quercus oblongifolia Torr. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zuni & Col. 173. 1853.
Chihuahua and Sonora. Arizona; type from ‘‘ western New Mexico.”
Moderate-sized tree with slender, glabrescent, often pruinose twigs and small
red buds with ciliate scales; leaves (deciduous?) small (usually 1 to 2 em,
wide and 3 to 4 cm. long), glabrous, paler beneath, elliptic or oblong, rounded
at both ends or subcordate, entire or coarsely and crenately few-toothed, the
usually pruinose petiole short; acorn elongate-ovoid, 10 to 15 mm. in diameter,
one-third included, the half-round cup with rather broad and blunt, keeled, ap-
pressed scales; wood hard and strong but brittle, very dark brown, heavy.
47. Quercus grisea Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 171. 1854.
Chihuahua, and apparently to Zacatecas. Western Texas, the type locality
not specified.
Shrub or small tree with slender tomentose twigs and small round red buds
with puberulent outer scales; leaves deciduous, small (scarcely 2 cm. wide
and 4 em. long), thin, blue-green, minutely puberulent above and dull, though
glossy when abraded, stellate-scurfy beneath, elliptic or ovate, mucronately
subacute, often cordate, short-petioled, entire; acorns paired on a short slender
peduncle, ellipsoid, 8 mm. in diameter, 12 mm. long, scarcely one-third included,
the half-round cup with rather acute appressed scales. “Encina prieta,’’ “ en-
cina blanea” (Durango, Palmer).
The wood is useful only for fuel.
48. Quercus pungens Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 171. 1854.
Quercus undulata pungens Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 392. 1876.
Chihuahua. New Mexico.
Shrub or small tree with slender tomentulose twigs; leaves deciduous, small
(scarcely 2 cm. wide and 3 em. long), from scurfy glabrescent, crisped, elliptic,
pungently acute, rounded at base, very short-petioled, with about 4 large
pungent deltoid teeth on each side; acorn ovoid, scarcely 8 mm. in diameter and
12 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with small appressed scales.
49. Quercus pringlei Seemen, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 96. 1900.
Coahuila; type locality, in the Carneros Pass below Saltillo.
Shrub with slender subglabrescent twigs and minute round glabrous buds;
leaves (deciduous?) very small (searcely 1 em. wide and 2.5 em. long), glab-
rous, lance-elliptic, subaristately acute, rounded at base, mostly entire, the
*George Hngelmann (1809-1884), a native of Germany, lived most of his life
at St. Louis, Missouri, where he was engaged in the practice of medicine. An
enthusiastic botanist, Engelmann devoted most of his botanical labors to the
study of the more difficult groups of plants, such as the Cactaceae, Yucca,
Agave, Quercus, etc. Te described many Mexican species of these and other
groups.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 187
very short petiole somewhat tomentose; acorn round-ovoid, scarcely 10 mm.
in diameter, fully half included, the rounded cup with somewhat thickened
and blunt appressed scales.
50. Quercus toumeyi Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 92. 1895.
Sonora. Arizona; type locality, Bisbee.
Shrub or small tree with slender tomentulose twigs and small pubescent buds;
leaves deciduous, very small (scarcely 1 cm. wide and 2 em. long), smooth or
papillate above, sparingly velvety beneath, elliptic, mucronately acute, sub-
cordate, entire or pungently few-toothed above, with very short hairy petiole;
acorn oblong, scarcely 8 mm. in diameter and 12 mm. long, less than half
included, the rounded cup with rather blunt appressed scales; wood hard, close-
grained, brown.
51. Quercus dumosa Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 7. 1842.
California; type locality, Santa Barbara. Extending into Baja California,
in several foliage forms, of which one, with very small, ovate-elliptic, pun-
gently dentate leaves scarcely 15 mm. wide and 25 mm. long, is var. turbinella
Jepson (Silva Calif. 218. 1910; Q. turbinella Greene in Greene & Kellogg, Ill.
West. Amer. Oaks 37. 1889).
Deciduous shrub with slender, usually glabrescent twigs; leaves small (com-
monly less than 2 cm. wide and 5 cm. long), polymorphous, more or less per-
sistently tomentulose beneath, short-petioled; fruit typically slender-peduncled,
the moderate-sized or small oblong acorn scarcely half included in the finely
sealy, half-round cup.
This species is said to be the one whose acorns were most used as food by
the Indians of southern California.
52. Quercus breviloba (Torr.) Sarg. Gard. & For. 8: 93. 1895.
Quercus obtusifolia breviloba Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 266. 1859.
Quercus annulata Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1860: 445. 1860. Not Q. an-
nulata Smith, 1819.
Nuevo Le6én. Texas; type locality in Howard County.
Large deciduous shrub or small tree with rather slender glabrous buff twigs;
leaves rather small (3 to 6 cm. wide, 6 to 12 cm. long), glabrous and glossy
green above, glabrate but pale or microscopically silvery-tomentulose beneath,
elliptic-obovate, obtuse, mostly acute at base, short-petioled, usually undulate
or with a few short round lobes; acorn ovoid, scarcely 8 mm. in diameter and
12 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with acute, rather close scales;
wood hard and strong, brittle, brown, closé-grained.
53. Quercus oleoides Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 79. 1830.
Veracruz, Chiapas, and Tabasco; type locality, Hacienda de la Laguna, near
Jalapa, Veracruz. British Honduras, Guatemala, Honduras, and Costa Rica.
Rather large broad-topped evergreen tree with slender gray-tomentulose
twigs and small reddish glabrate buds; leaves mostly rather small (3 to 6
em. wide, 6 to 8 cm. long, but exceptionally twice as large), glabrous and
green above, minutely pale-tomentulose beneath, revolute, obovate-elliptic,
rather obtuse, subcuneate, rather short-petioled, typically entire; fruit mostly
peduncled; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 to 20 mm. long, about half
included, the turbinate cup with keeled acute appressed scales in vertical
rows. ‘“ Roblecito” (Guatemala, Honduras).
A juvenile form with obovate toothed leaves is Q. lutescens Mart. & Gal. Bull.
Acad. Brux. 10 ?: 219. 1843.
54. Quercus fusiformis Small, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 357. 1901.
Quercus virginiana fusiformis Sarg. Bot. Gaz. 65: 448. 1918.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén. Texas; type locality, Kerrville.
188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Small evergreen tree with slender tomentulose twigs and minute round red
velvety buds; leaves small (1 cm. wide, 3 to 5 em. long), minutely canescent
beneath, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, mucronately acute, rounded at base,
entire or with 1 or 2 asymmetric teeth, the short petiole tomentulose; fruit
long-peduncled ; acorn fusiform-oblong, 10 mm. in diameter, 20 to 25 mm. long,
less than one-third included, the turbinate cup with acute appressed scales in
somewhat evident vertical rows.
This and Q. oleoides are probably the species which have been reported from
Mexico as Q. virginiana Mill. (Q. virens Ait.). The following are some of the
vernacular names reported: ‘ Maculi” (Nuevo Leon, Veracruz); ‘“ maquili-
huatl” (Veracruz); “texmole”; ‘“roble”; “roble serrano”; “palo duro”;
“tezmolli”; ‘“ encina.”
55. Quercus brandegei Goldman, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:321. 1916.
Baja California; type locality, Rancho El] Paraiso, near E] Triunfo.
Moderately large evergreen tree with slender tomentulose twigs and minute
round brown velvety buds; leaves small (scarcely 2 em. wide and 3 to 6 em.
long), densely hoary beneath, elliptic-oblong, mucronately acute, rounded or
acute at base, entire or with a few irregular low pungent teeth, the short
petiole canescent; fruit rather long-peduncled; acorn conical, about 8 mm.
in diameter and 15 mm. long, fully half included, the goblet-shaped cup with
acute appressed scales.
56. Quercus tomentella Hngelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 393. 1877.
Guadalupe Island, Baja California.
Moderate-sized evergreen tree with rather stout short-pilose twigs and tomen-
tulose buds aS much as 7 mm. in diameter and 12 mm. long; leaves moderate
(4 to 7 em. wide, 7 to 12 cm. long), coriaceous, granular on the midrib above,
the whitened lower surface more or less persistently fleecy, elliptic-ovate, acute
or subacuminate, subcordate, toothed, with short villous petiole; acorn ovoid
or elongate, sometimes 30 mm. in diameter and 35 mm. long. scarcely ever half
included, the thick half-round cup with its scales embedded in tomentum ; wood
hard, close-grained, yellowish brown, its specific gravity about 0.72.
57. Quercus palmeri Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 3: 393. 1877.
Quercus dunmii Kellogg, Pacif. Rural Press, June 7, 1879.
Quercus chrysolepis palmeri Engelm. in 8. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 97. 1880.
Northern Baja California. Also in San Diego County, California, the type
locality.
Evergreen shrub with slender, minutely scurfy twigs; leaves small (2 em.
wide, 3 em. long), coriaceous, glabrate, rounded, acute, cordate, crisped or
folded, typically coarsely and pungently dentate; acorn conic-oblong, 15 mm. in
diameter, 25 to 30 mm. long, the subturbinate undulate-margined cup very
fulvous-woolly.
58. Quercus emoryi’ Torr. in Emory, Notes Mil. Recon. 151. 1848.
Quercus hastata Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 171. 1854.
Chihuahua and Sonora. Texas to Arizona; type from Texas.
Small deciduous tree with slender glabrescent red twigs and glossy brown
glabrate buds sometimes 3 mm. in diameter and 8 mm. long; leaves small (1 to
‘ William H. Emory (1811-1887), was a member of the commission for estab-
lishing the boundary between the United States and Mexico. He was the
author of “‘ Notes of a military reconnoissance from Fort Leavenworth in Mis-
souri to San Diego in California” (1848), and of the ‘“ Report of the United
States and Mexican Boundary Commission ” (1857).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 189
2 em. wide, 3 to 6 em. long), thick and hard, from minutely scurfy glabrescent,
elliptic or oblong to ovate, mucronately acute, truncate at base or subcordate,
short-petioled, characteristically repandly few-toothed; acorn narrowly ellip-
soid, 8 mm. in diameter, 15 to 20 mm. long, one-third included, the rounded cup
with blunt appressed scales; wood rather soft, strong but brittle, close-grained,
dark brown, its specific gravity about 0.93.
The acorns are said to be of good quality as food.
59. Quercus durifolia Seemen, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 95. 1900.
Durango; type locality, Durango.
Twigs slender, subglabrescent ; buds glossy light brown, small; leaves (decidu-
ous?) very small (1 cm. wide, 3 to 4 em. long), firm, canescent beneath, short-
lanceolate, mucronately acute, obliquely subtrunecate at base, short-petioled,
mostly with a few short teeth; acorn round-ovoid, under 10 mm. in diameter,
fully half included, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales.
60. Quercus eduardi Trel.
Quercus oligodonta Seemen, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 96. 1900. Not Q. oligo-
donta Saporta, 1879.
Durango, Jalisco, and Tepic; type from Durango.
Small deciduous tree with slender glabrescent twigs and glossy, light brown,
small buds; leaves small (2 to 4 em. wide, 3 to 6 cm. long), firm, rather per-
sistently stellate-scurfy beneath, oblong-elliptic, mucronately subacute, slightly
cordate, with short glabrescent petiole, entire or with several aristate teeth;
acorn ovoid or oblong, scarcely 8 mm. in diameter and 10 mm. long, half in-
cluded, the turbinate cup with rounded appressed scales.
“Eneina colorada”’; the dark red wood valuable.
61. Quercus devia Goldman, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 322. 1916.
Baja California; type locality, between El Sauz and Chuparosa.
Moderately large evergreen tree, about 20 meters high, with slender glab-
rescent twigs and small, acutely ovoid, glabrescent buds; leaves rather small
(1 to 3 cm. wide, 5 to 10 em. long), often somewhat dingy-tomentose beneath,
broadly lanceolate or oblong, very acute, subcordate, rather short-petioled,
aristately toothed; acorn oblong, 8 mm. in diameter, 15 to 20 mm. long, the
shallow cup with blunt appressed scales. ‘‘ Encina negra.”
62. Quercus hypoleuca Engelm. Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 3: 384. 1877.
Chihuahua and Sonora. New Mexico (type locality, Santa Rita) and Arizona.
Shrub or small to moderately large subevergreen tree with rather slender
gray-tomentose twigs and small red buds with ciliate scales; leaves rather small
(2 to 3 em. wide, 5 to 10 em. long), rugose, revolute, blue-green above, densely
pale-tomentulose beneath, lanceolate, aristately very acute, rounded at base,
moderately petioled, typically entire; acorn narrowly conic-oblong, 8 mm. in
diameter, 10 to 15 mm. long, scarcely one-third included, the turbinate cup with
blunt, appressed, at first very tomentose scales; wood hard and strong, close-
grained, dark brown, the specific gravity about 0.80.
63. Quercus scytophylla Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 180.
1854.
Oaxaca and Michoacan; type locality, Yalala to Yabochi, Oaxaca.
Twigs rather slender, glabrescent; buds small, glossy brown, glabrescent;
leaves (deciduous?) large (7 to 8 em. wide, 13 to 15 cm. long), rugose, densely
creamy-tomentulose beneath, typically obovate and acute, obliquely acute or
rounded at base, moderately petioled, characteristically with several short
aristate teeth above; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 15 to 20 mm. long, the
rounded or saucer-shaped cup with blunt appressed scales. ‘‘ Encina” (Micho-
acan).
190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
64. Quercus omissa A. DC. in DC, Prodr. 16%: 28. 1864.
Type locality, somewhere in the western Sierra Madre.
Twigs moderate, somewhat puberulent ; buds elongate, dull brown, hairy at tip,
scarcely 3 mm. in diameter and 6 mm. long; leaves (deciduous?) rather small
(3 to 4 em. wide, 5 to 6 em. long), rugose, slightly revolute, creamy-tomentulose
beneath, typically obovate, obtuse, cordate, short-petioled, aristately somewhat
coarsely stiff-serrate above; acorn subglobose, 8 mm. in diameter, the rather
deep cup with very blunt appressed scales.
65. Quercus pulchella Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 44. 1809.
Type locality, between Guanajuato and Santa Rosa.
Twigs slender, glabrescent ; buds small, dark brown, glabrate; leaves decidu-
ous, small (2 to 3 cm. wide, 4 to 6 em. long), rugose, yellow-tomentulose beneath,
oblong-obovate, obtuse, often subtruncately cordate, slender-petioled, aristately
low-serrate; fruit annual (?), the rounded cup with glabrous blunt appressed
scales.
66. Quercus floccosa Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 178. 1854.
Veracruz?; type from the Pico de Orizaba, at 2,600 to 3,200 meters.
Twigs moderate, at first rusty-scurfy; leaves (deciduous?) rather large (6
to 9 cm. wide, 9 to 16 cm. long), rugose, typically fleecy beneath, elliptic-obo-
vate, aristately subacute, rounded at base, entire or with a few short teeth
above, the moderate petiole fleecy ; fruit unknown.
67. Quercus crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 49. 1809.
Quercus spinulosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10 *: 218. 1843.
Guerrero to Veracruz and San Luis Potosi; type locality, Chilpancingo, Gue-
rrero.
Rather large deciduous tree with somewhat stout, more or less scurfy twigs
and glossy glabrate buds 3-mm. in diameter and 5 mm. long; leaves large (6
to 9 em. wide, 12 to 14 em. long), rugose, scurfy on the nerve above, tawny-
fleecy beneath with the denudable surface granular, elliptic, obovate, or
rounded, variously obtuse or subacuminate, cordate, short-petioled, aristate-
undulate or stiffly low-toothed; fruit annual; acorn ellipsoid, 12 mm. in diam-
eter, 15 to 20 mm. long, one-third or more included, the deep saucer-shaped
cup with rounded appressed scales.
68. Quercus fulva Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 1838. 1854.
Chihuahua, Durango, and Michoacin; the type from an unrecorded locality
in the western Sierra Madre.
Twigs stout, densely tomentose; buds brownish, tomentose; leaves 4 to 9 cm,
wide, 8 to 14 cm. long, densely tomentose beneath, petioled, aristately serrate.
“Roble” (Durango).
69. Quercus stipularis Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 47. 1809.
Type locality, near Actopan (Veracruz?).
Twigs rather stout, fleecy; buds brownish, somewhat pubescent, 3 mm. in
diameter, 5 mm. long; leaves deciduous, moderate (4 to 5 cm. wide, 7 to 10
cm. long), rugose, puberulent above on the midrib, rusty-fleecy beneath, elliptic-
ovate to obovate, subacuminate, cordate, moderately petioled, aristately ser-
rate; fruit annual; acorn ovoid, 12-mm. in diameter, 15 mm, long, scarcely
one-third included, the rounded cup with blunt, rather loose scales.
70. Quercus chicamolensis Trel.
Quercus mollis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 216. 1843. Not Q. mollis
Raf. 1838.
Oaxaca; type locality, in the Mixteca Alta.
a
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 191
Rather small (deciduous?) tree with moderate, at first densely tomentose
twigs; leaves rather small (4 cm. wide, 5 to 6 em. long), rugose, yellow-tomen-
tose beneath, rather obovate and acute, cordate, short-petioled, entire but
ciliately aristate above; acorn unknown, the rounded cup with blunt appressed
scales.
71. Quercus dysophylla Benth. Pl. Hartw. 55. 1840.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Hidalgo; type locality, mountains near
Huasca, Hidalgo.
Twigs moderate, subglabrescent; buds glossy red-brown, canescent, 3 mm.
in diameter, 5 mm. long; leaves deciduous, rather small (2 to 3 cm. wide. 5 to
8 cm. long), revolute, subglabrescent above, rusty-tomentose beneath, oblong,
ovate, or elliptic, subacute, cordate, moderately petioled, entire or less char-
acteristically coarsely mucronate-toothed; acorn ovoid or elongate, 10 mm. in
diameter, 15 to 18 mm. long, the shallow turbinate cup with obtuse appressed
scales. ‘“ Manzanilla” (Hidalgo).
To be compared with no. 40, Quercus diversifolia, and with the following.
72. Quercus splendens Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 8: 275. 1801.
Type locality, Tixtla, Guerrero.
Small open-topped tree with moderate.yellow-tomentose twigs; leaves (de-
ciduous?) rather small (3 to 4 cm. wide, 8 cm. long), puberulent above, yellow-
tomentose beneath, subelliptic, ranging to ovate or obovate, acute, rounded
at base or subcordate, subsessile, irregularly and unequally toothed, but not
aristate; fruit unknown.
Not known from recent collections.
73. Quercus aristata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 444. 1841.
Tepic and Sinaloa; type locality, between San Blas and Tepic.
Twigs rather slender, transiently fleecy; buds glabrate, small; leaves decid-
uous, moderate (3 to 4 cm. wide, 7 to 15 cm. long), glabrescent, somewhat
crisped and narrowly rovolute, elliptic-oblong, aristately obtuse or subacute,
rounded to cordate at base, moderately petioled, entire or undulate, sometimes
aristate from the veins; fruit annual; acorn round-ovoid, 10 mm, in diameter,
the deep rounded cup with blunt appressed scales.
74. Quercus uruapanensis Trel.
Quercus nitida Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 210. 1843. Not Q. nitida
Raf. 1838.
Michoacin and Oaxaca (?); type locality, Uruapan, Michoacan.
Thick-trunked, moderately large, deciduous tree with rather slender, glab-
rous, dark red twigs and small, puberulent, glossy, deep brown buds; leaves
rather large (4 to 7 cm. wide, 9 to 16 cm. long), glabrous, or with axillary tufts
beneath, subelliptic, acuminate, acute to truncate at base, moderately petioled,
entire or exceptionally somewhat aristate-toothed above; acorn ovoid, 12 mm.
in diameter, 20 mm. long, one-third included, the rounded cup with blunt ap-
pressed scales. ‘‘ Encina colorada.” ;
Yielding excellent timber.
75. Quercus rysophylla Weatherby, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 423. 1910.
Nuevo Leon; type locality, in the Sierra Madre above Monterrey.
Rather small tree with stout glabrate twigs and glabrescent, glossy brown,
acute buds 3 mm. in diameter and 6 mm, long; leaves supersistent, large (4 to
7 cm. wide, 14 to 20 cm. long), rugose and veiny, revolute, glabrous, lanceolate,
aristately long-acute, auriculate or deeply cordate at base, short-petioled, un-
dulate; acorn unknown, the young cup with obtuse appressed golden scales.
192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. ;
76. Quercus nectandraefolia Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854:
175. 1854.
Veracruz; type locality, Totutla.
Twigs rather slender, dingy-tomentose; buds brown, glabrescent, small;
leaves (deciduous?) moderate (3 to 5 cm. wide, 9 to 12 em. long), revolute,
glabrous, somewhat paler and granular beneath, elliptic, obtuse, acute to sub-
cordate at base, subsessile, crisped but entire; fruit annual; acorn ovoid, 20
mm. in diameter, 25 mm. long, thick-walled, half included, the rounded cup
with blunt thickened appressed scales.
77. Quercus lingvaefolia Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 180.
1854.
Oaxaca ; type locality, Cuesta de Lachopa.
Twigs moderate, glabrescent; leaves (deciduous ?) moderate (3 to 4 em. wide,
6 to 11 cm. long), slightly revolute, somewhat floccose or glabrate, elliptic,
obtuse or acute, cordate, short-petioled, entire; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diam-
eter, 15 mm. long, the saucer-shaped cup with blunt appressed scales.
78. Quercus perseaefolia Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 188.
1854.
Veracruz; type locality, Hacienda de Jovo.
Twigs rather slender, glabrescent; buds small, glabrate; leaves deciduous,
moderate (8 to 5 em. wide, 6 to 12 cm. long), slightly revolute, glabrate,
oblanceolate-elliptic, obtuse at both ends, very short-petioled, entire; fruit
annual; acorn oblong, 10 mm, in diameter, 15 mm. long, one-third included, the
turbinate cup with blunt appressed scales.
79. Quercus pubinervis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 211. 1843.
Veracruz; type locality, about Huatusco.
Rather large deciduous tree with slender tomentose twigs and small red-
brown glabrate buds; leaves moderate (4 to 5 cm. wide, 8 to 12 cm. long),
somewhat revolute, the midrib puberulent above and the lower surface some-
what persistently fleecy, lance-ovate to elliptic-oblanceolate, rounded at both
ends, very short-petioled, entire or low-undulate; fruit annual; acorn oblong,
10 mm. in diameter, 15 mm. long, one-third included, the turbinate cup with
blunt appressed scales.
80. Quercus oajacana Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 178. 1854.
Quercus sdalicifolia oajacana Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 207. 1884.
Oaxaca ; type locality, between Tanetze and Talea.
Twigs moderate, yellow-scurfy; buds red-brown, somewhat hairy, small;
leaves evergreen, moderate (3 to 4 em. wide, 8 to 10 cm. long), with puberulent
midrib above, loosely stellate beneath, lance-elliptic to subovate, acute, rounded
at base, short-petioled, entire or somewhat undulate; fruit annual; acorn
ovoid, 12 mm. in diameter, 15 mm. long, the shallow cup with blunt appressed
scales.
81. Quercus totulensis A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 62. 1864.
Veracruz; type locality, Totutla.
Twigs slender, quickly glabrous; buds glabrous, glossy light brown, 2 mm. in
diameter, 5 mm. long; leaves deciduous, rather small (2 em. wide, 6 to 8 em.
long), paler and sometimes with axillary tufts beneath, oblong, rounded at
both ends or a little narrowed below, slender-petioled, entire; acorn rounded,
fully half included, the rounded cup with rather acute appressed scales.
82. Quercus salicifolia Née, Anal. Ciene. Nat. 3: 265. 1801.
Quercus mexicana glabrata Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 332. 1852-7.
Quercus castanea glabrata A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 7: 72. 1864.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 193
Guerrero; type locality apparently Acapulco.
Twigs slender, glabrous; buds small; leaves deciduous, moderate (2 to 4
em. wide, 10 to 15 ecm. long), glabrous, lanceolate, aristately long-acute,
typically rounded at base, short-petioled, entire; fruit annual (?); acorn sub-
globose, 12 mm. in diameter, half included, the subturbinate cup with appressed
seales. ‘“ Encina saucillo” (Durango).
83. Quercus ghiesbreghtii Mart. & Gal. Bull, Acad. Brux. 10”: 212. 1843.
Veracruz; type locality, on Mount Orizaba, at 3,300 meters.
Moderate-sized evergreen tree with rather slender, at first dingy-tomentose
twigs and small, glabrate, glossy brown buds; leaves moderate (3 cm. wide,
8 to 10 cm. long), somewhat pubescent on the veins beneath, lanceolate, long-
acute, very round-based, moderately petioled, entire; fruit annual; acorn short-
ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 12 mm. long, the turbinately saucer-shaped cup with
blunt appressed scales.
84. Quercus tlapuxahuensis A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°*: 29. 1864.
Quercus salicifolia tlapuxahuensis Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 207.
1884.
Michoacan; type locality, Tlalpuxahua.
Twigs moderate, glabrous; buds small, dull brown, loosely hairy above;
leaves (deciduous?) moderate (3 cm, wide, 7 to 10 cm. long), glabrous or the
widrib slightly puberulent above and the lower surface with axillary tufts,
lanceolate, aristately acute, rounded at base, slender-petioled, entire; fruit
annual; acorn short-ovoid, 12 cm. in diameter, 15 mm. long, fully half included,
the rounded cup with obtuse, appressed, somewhat revolutely thickened scales.
85. Quercus lanceolata Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 34. 1809.
Hidalgo; type locality, between Moran and Santa Rosa.
Rather small (subevergreen?) tree with slender, transiently scurfy twigs and
small glabrescent brown buds; leaves rather small (3 cm. wide, 7 to 10 em.
long), glabrous, or slightly scurfy above or fleecy in the axils beneath, lanceo-
late, acute at both ends or rounded at base, slender-petioled, entire or occasion-
ally with a few low aristate teeth; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 12 mm.
long, scarcely half included, the rounded cup with glabrous blunt appressed
scales somewhat thickened toward the base.
86. Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 32. 1809.
Hidalgo; type locality, Cerro de las Navajas, near Moran.
Very like the preceding, the deciduous leaves rather more broadly oblanceo-
late, the fruit apparently annual, and the cupule scales less commonly thick-
ened.
87. Quercus major (A. DC.) Trel.
Quercus nitens major A DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 69. 1864.
Quercus laurina major Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 205. 1884.
Veracruz; type locality, Alpatlahua.
Twigs rather slender, glabrate; buds small, acute, glabrescent; leaves de-
ciduous, moderate (2 to 4 em. wide, 6 to 9 cm. long), glabrous, or puberulent
along the midrib above and with axillary tufts beneath, lanceolate to oblanceo-
late-obovate, acute at both ends or rounded at base, slender-petioled, character-
istically serrately incised with aristate teeth; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter,
15 mm. long, half included, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales.
88. Quercus barbinervis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 56. 1840.
Quercus laurina barbinervis Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 205. 1884.
Hidalgo; type locality, Real del Monte.
Twigs rather slender, sparsely tomentose; buds small, glabrescent; leaves
deciduous, small (scarcely 3 cm. wide and 5 em. long) or on shoots larger
194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
(as much as 5 cm. wide and 13 cm. long), glabrate, or with fleecy axils
beneath, slightly revolute, elliptic-obovate, acute, mostly rounded at base, the
moderate petiole pubescent, coarsely few-toothed above; fruit annual (7);
acorn ovoid, 10 to 12 mm. in diameter, 15 to 18 mm. long, half included, the
rounded cup with blunt appressed scales.
89. Quercus affinis Scheidw. Hort. Belg. 4: 321. 1837.
Type locality, between Regla and Istula, Hidalgo.
Twigs slender, at first scurfy; buds small, glabrous, glossy brown; leaves
evergreen, small (2 ecm. wide, 7 to 9 cm. long), glossy, glabrous, oblong-lance-
olate, acute at both ends, moderately petioled, sharply setaceous-serrate with
short teeth; fruit biennial (7?) ; acorn unknown, the immature cup with rather
acute appressed scales.
90. Quercus ocoteaefolia Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh, 1854: 176.
1854.
Quercus laurina ocoteaefolia Wenzig, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 3: 205. 1884.
Oaxaca and Puebla; also in Michoacin(?); type locality, Talea and Laguna,
Oaxaca.
Small deciduous tree with slender glabrescent twigs and small, glossy brown,
glabrescent buds; leaves moderate (3 cm. wide, 8 to 10 cm. long), glossy,
glabrous, or with axillary tufts beneath, lanceolate, acute at both ends or
somewhat rounded at base, shortly slender-petioled, entire or less commonly
with a few teeth; acorn ovoid, 8 mm. in diameter, 10 mm. long, half included,
the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales.
91. Quercus depressa Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 50. 1809.
Hidalgo; type locality, El] Jacal, Moran.
Low evergreen shrub with slender stellate-scurfy twigs and small, dull
brown, glabrate buds; leaves small (1 to 2 cm. wide, 3 to 4 em. long), rather
thick, slightly revolute, glabrate or the midrib puberulent above, lance-elliptic,
acute or acuminate, rounded at base, short-petioled. usually with a few coarse
teeth; acorn ovoid, acute, 8 mm. in diameter, 12 mm. long, half included, the
rounded cup with blunt appressed scales.
92. Quercus orizabae Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 189. 1854.
Veracruz (?); type locality, Pico de Orizaba, at 2,600 to 3,800 meters, with
Q. floccosa.
Twigs moderate, at first rusty-fleecy ; buds small, red-brown, somewhat hairy ;
leaves (deciduous?) rather large (8 to 7 cm. wide, 8 to 14 em. long), glab-
rescent above, somewhat fleecy beneath, slightly revolute, elliptic-ovate, acute,
obliquely rounded at base, slender-petioled, entire or artistately about 3-toothed
at end; fruit unknown.
93. Quercus sideroxyla Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 39. 1809.
Guanajuato; type locality, Santa Rosa.
Large evergreen tree with slender lanose twigs and small brown glabrescent
buds; leaves small (2 cm. wide, 4 to 6 cm. long), the lower surface some-
times hairy-tufted, broadly oblong, subacute, cordate at base, short-petioled,
sharply and rather incisely toothed; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 12 mm.
long, half included, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales.
94. Quercus chrysophylla Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 42. 1809.
Hidalgo; type locality, between Pachuca and Moran.
Moderate-sized deciduous tree with slender glabrescent twigs and small
reddish glabrous buds; leaves small (2 em. wide, 4 to 6 cm. long), from scurfy
glabrescent, oblanceolate-oblong, with straight margin, subacute, rounded at
base, moderately petioled, setaceously several-toothed at end; fruit unknown.
rf
"
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 195
95. Quercus tridens Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 35. pl. 82. 1809.
Hidalgo; type locality, Moran.
Very like the preceding, the short-petioled leaves entire or aristately about
3-toothed at the end; mature foliage characters, even, unknown for both
species.
96. Quercus mexicana Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 35. 1809.
Quercus castanea mexicana A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16 7: 72. 1864.
Quercus castanea integra Oerst. Bidr. Kundsk. Hgefam. 362. 1871.
Veracruz and Guanajuato; type locality, Santa Rosa, Guanajuato.
Small or moderately large deciduous tree with slender glabrescent twigs and
small brown glabrescent buds; leaves small or narrow (2 to 5 em. wide, 10 em.
long), rugose, revolute, the midrib puberulent above and the granular lower
surface detachably tomentose, elliptic-oblong, subacute, rounded at base or
slightly cordate, short-petioled, entire; acorn ovoid, 10 mm. in diameter, 12 mm.
long, half included, the thick-stalked rounded cup with glabrate blunt appressed
scales, these sometimes thickened at baSe or with outcurved margin.
With still narrower leaves (1.5 cm. wide and 7 cm. long) -it is Q. crassipes
angustifolia Humb. & Bonpl. (op. cit. 37. 1809); and a form of this with
crowded leaves is Q. confertifolia Humb. & Bonpl. (op. cit. 538. 1809).
97. Quercus crassipes Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 37. 1809.
Mexico, Guanajuato, and Hidalgo; type locality, Santa Rosa, Guanajuato.
Similar to the preceding, but the turbinate cup inrolled at the margin.
$8. Quercus lanigera Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10 ?: 215. 1843.
Oaxaca; type locality in the Mixteca Alta.
Twigs siender, glabrescent; buds small, brown. glabrescent; leaves deciduous,
small (2 to 3 cm. wide, 5 to 6 cm. long), detachably fleecy beneath, elliptic-
Oblong, aristately obtuse or acute, rounded at base, moderately petioled, entire
or with a few awned teeth above; fruit annual; acorn subglobose, scarcely 10
mm. in diameter, the somewhat turbinate cup with blunt appressed scales.
$9. Quercus castanea Née, Anal. Ciene. Nat. 3: 276. 1801.
Quercus mucronata Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 486. 1805.
Hidalgo; type locality, between Ixmiquilpan and Zimapan and Acimbaro.
Small (deciduous?) tree with rather slender glabrescent twigs and glabrous
brown buds 2 mm. in diameter and 4 mm. long; leaves rather small (3 to 4 em.
wide, 7 to 9 cm. long), rugulose, minutely stellate beneath, lance-oblong, aris-
tately acute, rounded at base or subcordate, short-petioled, typically aristately
low-serrate above; fruit annual; acorn round-ovoid, 8 mm. in diameter, 10 mm.
long, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales.
A form with slightly obovate-elliptic, typically entire leaves, from the same
region, is Q. elliptica Née (op. cit. 278. 1801).
100. Querctis rugulosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux, 10*: 209. 1843.
Hidalgo; type locality, San Pedro y San Pablo, near Real del Monte.
Moderate-sized deciduous tree with rather slender glabrescent twigs and small,
brown, at first fleecy buds; leaves rather small (2 to 4 em. wide, 6 to 9 em.
long), minutely revolute, reticulately venulose, somewhat stellate, especially on
the granular lower surface, elliptic-oblong, mucronately obtuse or subacute,
rounded at base or somewhat cordate, moderately petioled, entire; acorn short,
the somewhat turbinate small cup with blunt thin scales.
101. Quercus grandis Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 183. 1854.
Oaxaca. Northern Guatemala, the type locality.
Large d@ciduous tree with rather slender glabrate twigs and small brown
glabrescent buds; leaves large (5 to 10 em. wide, 14 to 23 em. long), glabrous,
196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
somewhat paler beneath, oblanceolate, acute, commonly narrowed at base,
slender-petioled, with rather distant aristate teeth; acorn depressed, 20 to 25
mm. in diameter, two-thirds or more included, the urceolate, slightly umbonate
cup with thin blunt scales Somewhat outcurved at margin.
102. Quercus cortesii Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 175. 1854.
Veracruz; type locality, between Hacienda de Jovo and Huitamalco.
Twigs slender, glabrous; buds small, straw-colored, glabrescent; leaves (de-
ciduous?) moderate (3 cm. wide, 12 cm. long), glabrous, or with axillary tufts
beneath, narrowly lanceolate, acute at both ends, moderately petioled, rather
distantly aristate-serrate; fruit unknown.
103. Quercus huitamalcana Trel.
Quercus serra Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 174. 1854. Not
Q. serra Unger, 1845.
Veracruz and Puebla; type locality, between Huitamalco and Teziutlin, alti-
tude 2,000 meters.
Twigs rather slender, glabrate; buds light brown, glabrescent, 2 mm. in
diameter, 3 to 4 mm. long; leaves (deciduous?) large (4 to 7 em. wide, 16 to
20 cm. long), glabrous and glossy, crisped, lanceolate, the base various, moder-
ately petioled, coarsely deltoid-serrate ; fruit unknown.
104. Quercus chiapasensis Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 54: 9. 1915.
Chiapas; type locality, Finea Irlanda.
Large evergreen tree with moderate glabrescent twigs and hairy buds; leaves
large (4 to 8 cm. wide, 12 to 15 cm. long), glabrous, lanceolate, long-acute, the
base various, the petiole moderate or long, coarsely serrate or incised with aris-
tate teeth; acorn broadly ovoid, 30 to 40 mm. in diameter, the large saucer-
shaped cup with thickened appressed scales.
Polymorphic in foliage details.
105. Quercus skinneri Benth. Pl. Hartw. 90. 1842.
Guatemala (type locality, in the mountains about Quezaltenango) ; possibly
also in Chiapas.
Large (deciduous?) tree, similar to the preceding, but the equally long
round-based leaves ovate, with longer slender petiole, and fruit even larger.
106. Quercus sartorii Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 177. 1854.
Veracruz; type locality, Totutla.
Deciduous tree with rather slender glabrescent twigs and brown glab-
rescent buds 3 mm, in diameter and 6 mm. long; leaves moderate (3 to 5 cm.
wide, 9 to 138 cm. long), glabrescent, or with axillary tufts beneath, lance-
elliptic, acute, typically rounded at base, slender and often long-petioled, entire
with aristate veins or very low-serrate; fruit annual; acorn round-ovoid, 10
mm. in diameter, 12 mm. long, the sometimes turbinate cup with obtuse ap-
pressed scales.
107. Quercus furfuracea Liebm. Overs. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Forh. 1854: 189.
1854.
Oaxaca ; type locality, Chinantla.
Twigs rather slender, scurfy or glabrescent; buds small, light brown, glab-
rescent; leaves deciduous, moderate (3 to 5 cm. wide, 8 to 12 cm. long), gray-
stellate and tufted beneath, ovate to lanceolate, acute, mostly rounded at base,
moderately petioled, entire or aristately low-crenate-serrate ; acorn round-ovoid,
8 mm. in diameter, 10 mm. long, the somewhat turbinate deep cup with blunt
appressed scales. e
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 197
108. Quercus grahami’ Benth. Pl. Hartw. 57. 1840.
Oaxaca; type locality net recorded. 4
Rather large deciduous tree with slender glabrous twigs and small, light
brown, glabrescent buds; leaves moderate (2 to 4 cm. wide, 7 to 12 cm. long),
glabrous, or sparsely scurfy and tufted in the axils beneath, very venulose,
lanceolate, rather taper-pointed, typically rounded at base, slender-petioled,
setaceously serrate or incised; acorn ovoid, 12 mm. in diameter, 15 to 20 mm.
long, half included, the rounded cup with blunt appressed scales.
109. Quercus acutifolia Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 267. 1801.
Type locality above the Rio Mescala, on the road from Acapulco to the City
of Mexico.
Rather small evergreen tree with rather slender glabrate twigs and brown
glabrate buds 38 mm. in diameter and 6 mm. long; leaves large (5 to 7 em.
wide, 15 to 20 em. long), glabrous, or the midrib puberulent above and the axils
tufted beneath, lance-ovate, acute or attenuate, the base mostly rounded,
rather long-petioled, aristately serrate or almost lobed, with rounded sinuses;
fruit unknown. “ Aguatle.”
110. Quercus xalapensis Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 24. 1809.
Veracruz; type locality, Jalapa.
Rather large deciduous tree with moderate glabrate twigs and brown gla-
brate acute buds 2 to 3 mm. in diameter and 5 mm. long; leaves large (4 to 8
em. wide, 10 to 15 em. long), glabrous, or with some axillary tufts beneath,
broadly or ovately lanceolate, acute, typically acute at base or decurrent on the
slender petiole, setaceously serrate with the margin little indented; acorn
round-ovoid, 18 mm. in diameter, 20 mm, long, half included, the rounded cup
with blunt, rather loose scales. ‘“ Roble de duela,” ‘‘encina roble” (Veracruz,
Ramirez).
111. Quercus calophylla Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 79. 1830.
Veracruz; type locality, Jalapa.
Large (deciduous?) tree with moderate fleecy or glabrate twigs and dull
brown glabrescent buds as much as 12 mm. long; leaves large (4 to 7 em. wide,
11 to 13 cm. long), densely creamy-tomentulose beneath. ovate to obovate or
elliptic, acute or acuminate, rounded or obliquely truncate at base, moderately
petioled, somewhat bristly-serrate at the end; acorn ovoid, 18 mm. in diameter,
20 to 25 mm. long, one-third included, the half-round cup with blunt, rather
loose scales.
With long-acuminate low-denticulate leaves as much as 12 cm. wide and 22
em. long it is Q. acuminata Mart. & Gal. (Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 217. 1843).
With blunt-pointed, rather deeply serrate and acute-based leaves 5 cm. wide
and 13 em. long, it is Q intermedia Mart. & Gal. (op. cit. 223. 1843). A form
with acute, sharply toothed leaves 5 cm. wide and 10 cm. long, or exceptionally
11 cm. wide and 18 cm. long. Q. alamo Benth. (Pl. Hartw. 55. 1842), is called
“Alamo” because of its soft poplar-like wood.
112. Quercus candicans Née, Anal. Cienc. Nat. 3: 277. 1801.
Type locality, Tixtla, Guerrero.
Moderate-sized deciduous tree with moderate, rather persistently tomentose
twigs and ovoid glabrate buds 3 mm. in diameter and 5 to 7 mm. long; leaves
typically large (10 to 15 cm. wide, 15 to 25 em. long), densely creamy-tomentu-
*G. J. Graham collected a series of about 400 specimens of plants about the
City of Mexico, Tlalpuxahua, and Real del Monte. These were reported upon
by Bentham in his “ Plantae Hartwegianae.”
198 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
lose beneath, elliptic-obovate, subacute, variously narrowed or rounded or trun-
cate at base, moderately petioled, aristately repand to rather deeply lobed;
fruit unknown. ‘“ Encina de asta.”
Sapwood red, the heart dark, with still darker stripes.
23. ULMACEAE. Elm Family.
Trees or shrubs; leaves deciduous or persistent, alternate, entire or dentate,
usually rough; flowers small, greenish, perfect or unisexual; fruit 1-seeded.
Fruit dry.
Prue mot Wingediss AANVET Oe pio Te ee OE Set 1. CHAETOPTELEA,
itn ACC aimeneiie Bye es Mra 8 a ee eee 2. ULMUS.
Fruit a drupe.
eaves Opposite: 227M) 7 RON ARG sk EATS TTD ESE oAENE 3. LOZANELLA,
Leaves alternate.
Pistillate flowers in lax many-flowered cymes; plants unarmed.
4. TREMA.
Pistillate flowers solitary or few; plants often armed with spines.
5. CELTIS.
1. CHAETOPTELEA Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1850: 54. 1850.
1. Chaetoptelea mexicana Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1850: 76.
1850.
Ulmus mexicana Planch. in DC. Prodr. 17: 156. 1878.
Veracruz, the type from Mirador; reported from Oaxaca. Costa Rica and
Panama.
Large tree, 15 to 40 meters high, with open crown, the branches ascending;
bark gray, somewhat scaly; leaves deciduous, oblong-ovate, acuminate, serrate;
flowers yellow; wood hard, heavy, strong, very tough, rather fine-grained, light
or dark brown, sometimes with darker lines. “‘Olmo” (Oaxaca, Veracruz) ;
“papalote,” “ cempoalehuatl” (Veracruz); “ira” (Costa Rica); ‘ ceniza,”
“cenizo”’ (Panama).
The wood is used in Mexico for lumber. The bark is astringent and is used
for treating coughs.
Planchon * has stated that this plant differs in no way from Ulmus. All the
species of the latter genus, however, have a broadly winged fruit, while in
Chaetoptelea there is no vestige of a wing, and this is a probably a sufficient
basis for the maintenance of Liebmann’s genus.
2. ULMUS L. Sp. Pl. 225. 1753.
Sess¢ and Mocifio reported? Ulmus americana from Mexico. The plant so
named (if the report is based on an actual plant) probably belongs to some
other genus.
The members of this genus (the elms) are perhaps the finest shade trees for
temperate regions, although they are of slow growth. The wood of most species
is extremely tough.
1. Ulmus crassifolia Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 5: 169. 1837.
No Mexican specimens seen by the writer, but the species is common along
the Rio Grande in Texas, and doubtless occurs in Nuevo Leén and Tamaulipas.
Texas to Mississippi.
Tree, sometimes 80 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 1 meter, the
branches drooping; bark thick, brown, deeply fissured; leaves oblong or ovate,
in’ DC; Prodr. 17: 100. iste. “PI,” EUSP, 25! 1887.
.
.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 199
5 cm. long or smaller, short-petiolate, finely serrate; flowers small, clustered,
appearing in autumn; fruit 8 to 10 mm. long, hairy; wood reddish brown,
rather weak, its specific gravity about 0.70.
The wood is used locally for furniture and wheel hubs.
3. LOZANELLA Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 236. 1905.
The following is the only species of the genus, which was named in honor
of Senor Don Filemén L. Lozano, who assisted Pringle in his Mexican col-
lections.
1. Lozanella trematoides Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 31: 236. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, ‘‘ Honey Station,” near Trinidad, Hidalgo.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves slender-petioled, ovate, 5 to
9 cm. long, acuminate, serrate, 3-nerved, thinly hairy beneath; flowers dioe-
cious, small and green, the pistillate in axillary cymes; perianth 5 or 6-parted;
fruit a sessile ovoid greenish drupe.
4. TREMA Lour. FI. Cochinch. 562. 1790.
1. Trema micrantha (L.) Blume, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 58. 18538.
Rhamnus micranthus L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 937. 1759.
Celtis canescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 28. 1817.
Celtis schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 140. 1832.
Sponia micrantha Decaisne, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Paris 3: 498. 1834.
Sinaloa to Veracruz and southward. Florida, West Indies, Central America,
and tropical South America.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high or in some parts of its range still
larger, the trunk occasionally 10 to 15 cm. in diameter; leaves ovate, finely
serrate, 3-nerved, acute or acuminate, 5 to 12 cm. long, their pubescence vari-
able in amount; flowers very small, greenish white, cymose; fruit small (about
1.5 mm. in diameter), globose, green or reddish; wood light, soft, close-grained,
light brown. ‘“Ixpepe” (Veracruz); “equipal’” (Michoacin); ‘“‘yaco de
cuero”’ (Oaxaca, Reko); “ jucé,” ‘“capulin,”’ “vara blanca”? (Costa Rica) ;
“ecapuli” (Guatemala); ‘‘masaquila” (Venezuela); “memiso” (Santo Do-
mingo); “palo de -cabra,” “ guacimilla” (Porto Rico).
The bark contains very strong fiber. The species of this genus seem to be
of little economic importance. 7. commersonii Blume, of Madagascar, is highly
esteemed for medicinal purposes by the natives, and stomachic, astringent,
febrifuge, diuretic, and antisyphilitic properties are attributed to it.
5. CELTIS L. Sp. Pl. 1043. 1753.
Large or small trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, armed or unarmed;
leaves deciduous or somewhat persistent, entire or dentate, often unequal at
base; flowers small, the pistillate usually solitary and long-pedicellate; fruit
globose, with thin flesh and a large seed.
The fruit of all the species is sweet and edible, especially in the spineless
species (hackberries or sugarberries), but the pulp is very scant. The Indians
of some parts of the United States seem to have been very fond of it. They
pounded the fruit fine, seeds and all, and ate it with fat or mixed with parched
corn.”
*See M. R. Gilmore, Uses of plants by the Indians of the Missouri River
region. Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. 33: 45-154. pl. 1-30. 1919.
55268—22_3
200 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Plants armed with spines.
Leaves mostly 3 to 5.5 em. wide, with numerous small teeth, or sometimes
entire; fruit short-pilose_____02 © tueds wiiruss see 1. C. iguanaea.
Leaves mostly 1 to 2 cm. wide, with few coarse teeth; fruit glabrous or
UC TE yp Seo ee a ee wee 2. C. pallida.
Plants unarmed.
Leaves pinnately nerved, not at all 3-nerved, the lateral nerves very nu-
TS TODS 5a a a ee 3. C. monoica.
Leaves conspicuously 3-nerved at the base, the the lateral nerves few, distant.
Leaves finely pilose beneath, usually dentate near the apex. Leaves usually
Scabrous on the ssupper. Suriace=— =." == 2s eee 4. C. caudata.
Leaves glabrate or sparsely puberulent beneath, entire.
Leaves very thick, scabrous on the upper surface and grayish green, the
venation very prominently reticulate beneath_--_____- 5. C. reticulata.
Leaves thin, smooth on the upper surface and deep green, the venation
not very prominently reticulate beneath_____~ 6. C. mississippiensis.
1, Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg. Silv. N. Amer. 7: 64, 1895.
Rhamnus iguanaeus Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 16. 1760.
Mertensia laevigata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 31. 1817.
Momisia ehrenbergiana Klotzsch, Linnaea 20: 538. 1847.
Celtis anfractuosa Liebm. Dansk, Vid, Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 338. 1851.
Celtis platycaulis Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 78. 19905.
Momisia iguanaea Rose & Stand]. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 8. 1912.
Chihuahua to Baja California and southward. Central America, West Indies,
and South America; southern Florida and western Texas.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 12 meters high, the trunk often 25 to 30 cm. in
diameter, the branches armed with stout, usually recurved spines, long and
spreading or clambering; branchlets often compressed; leaves ovate or oval;
flowers greenish yellow; fruit 8 to 12 mm. long, yellow, somewhat angled,
“Granjeno” (Veracruz and elsewhere) ; “ garabato blanco” (Sinaloa) ; “una
de gato,” “zarza” (Cuba); “cagalera comestible’”’ (Nicaragua); “ gallito”
(Santo Domingo).
The leaves are very variable in shape and toothing. but their variations seem
to offer no basis for specific segregation. The leaves of this and the follow-
ing species are conspicuously domatiate beneath—furnished with cuplike shelters
(for parasites?) in the axils of the veins. The fruit is edible. The specific
name is derived from the fact that the fruit is eaten by iguanas, the common
and characteristic lizards of the tropics.
2. Celtis pallida Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 203. 1859.
Momisia pallida Planch. in DC. Prodr. 17: 191. 1873.
Chihuahua to Baja California and Oaxaca. Arizona to western Texas (type
locality).
Densely branched spiny shrub, 1 to 6 meters high, the branches often long
and recurved; leayes oval to oblong, obtuse or acutish; cymes few-flowered ;
fruit 5 to 8 mm. long, yellow, orange, or red. ‘“ Granjeno” (Chihuahua, Du-
rango, Nuevo Leon, Texas; often written “ grangeno’’); “ granjeno huasteco ”
(Tamaulipas) ; “ capul” (Durango, Texas) ; “ garabato” (Sinaloa).
This shrub often forms dense impenetrable thickets of considerable extent.
The wood is good for fuel and fence posts. The fruit is edible, but somewhat
astringent. The flowers are said to furnish'a good quality of honey.
The pubescence of the branchlets is usually appressed but sometimes spread.
ing. The leaves are variable in outline, usually with a few large teeth. but
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 201
sometimes entire. The species has been reported from Mexico as Celtis tala
Gill., a plant of South America. This is presumably the plant described from
Mexico by Sessé and Mocifio* as Rhamnus grangenos, although it is doubtful
whether that name is not referable rather to Celtis iguanaea.
8. Celtis monoica Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 189. pl. 77. 1883.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; Maria Madre Island; type from Tantoyuea, Vera-
cruz.
Leaves oblong-ovate, 6 to 9 cm. long, acuminate, lustrous, shallowly serrate,
strigose beneath. ‘“‘ Palo de 4guila” (Oaxaca).
Very different in appearance from the other species of the genus, especialiy
because of the pinnate-veined leaves. The fruit bears scattered sharp tubercles.
4. Celtis caudata Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 10: 294. 1848.
Celtis littoralis Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 337. 1851.
Querétaro and Hidalgo to Michoacin and Oaxaca; type from Zimapan,
Hidalgo.
Tree, usually of small size; leaves ovate, asymmetric, long-acuminate, at
least part of them usually dentate, rarely all entire.
This is doubtless the species reported from Cuernavaca by Sessé and
Mocifio’ as Celtis occidentalis L.
5. Celtis reticulata Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 247. 1824.
Ccahuila to Baja California. Texas to Colorado and Arizona; type from
the Rocky Mountains.
Small or large tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with a trunk 50 to 60
em. in diameter, but in arid places frequently only a shrub 8 meters high, the
crown dense, broad, the branches often very crooked; bark white or gray,
smooth on young trees, very rough in age; leaves often rounded-ovate, obtuse
or acute, 3 to 7 cm. long; fruit red or orange, about 8 mm. in diameter; wood
with a specific gravity of about 0.72. ‘Palo blanco” (Durango, Tamaulipas,
Texas); “palo mulato” (Durango); “acibuche” (Chihuahua); “ cumbro”
(Sinaloa) ; “palo duro” (New Mexico).
The tree is usually too small and crooked to be of economic importance, but
the wood is used for posts and for axe and hoe handles, and for ether similar
purposes. The leaves are frequently covered with curious insect galls.
6. Celtis mississippiensis Bosc, Dict. Agr. 10: 541, 1847.
Celtis berlandieri Wlotzsch, Linnaea 20: 541. 1847.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi. Northeastward to Illinois and
Florida.
Tree, in some parts of its range 39 meters high, with a trunk 1 meter in
diameter ; bark white and smocth on young trees, gray and rough in age, with
eorky projections; leaves ovate, 5 to 12 cm. long, acute to long-acuminate; fruit
orange or red; wood yellow, soft, its specific gravity about 0.50. ‘‘ Palo blanco”
(Coahuila, Tamaulipas).
Often planted or left as a shade tree about dwellings; wood used in Mexico
for carts and other objects, and in the United States, occasionally, for furni-
ture and flooring; fruit edible, as in the other species, the pulp sweet but very
scant.
The Mexican specimens always have entire leaves. They do not seem spe-
cifically separable from the eastern form, although the leaves are often broader.
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 38. 1887. 7 Pl. Nov. Hisp. 174. 1887.
202 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
24. MORACEAE. Mulberry Family.
Usually trees, with milky sap; leaves alternate, entire, dentate, or lobate. the
stipules deciduous; flowers very small, monoecious or dioecious.
The only other Mexican genus is Dorstenia, whose species are low herbs.
Toxylon pomiferum Raf., the Osage orange or bois d’are (known in Chihuahua
as “naranjo chino’’), native of the southern United States, is sometimes culti-
vated. It is avery spiny tree or shrub, with globose yellowish fruits sometimes
15 cm. in diameter. Artocarpus communis Forst., the breadfruit tree of the
Pacific islands (‘‘ Arbol del pan”), with large, pinnately lobed leaves and large
rough fruit, is in cultivation in tropical Mexico.
Leaves peltate, the blades radiately lobed. Flowers in dense spikes.
9. CECROPIA.
Leaves not peltate, the blades not radiately lobed.
Flowers borne on the.inside of a globose receptacle, this fleshy, with a small
opening” at ‘the top 2 _5= > Se fees eee 4, FICUS.
Flowers not borne inside a receptacle.
Flowers of one or both sexes in aments, spikes, or racemes.
Pistillate flowers in spikes or aments.
Pistillate perianth of distinct segments; fruit very juicy, with a smali
seedinnakeds>. = 25) Fe Se ee a SE ee 2. MORUS.
Pistillate perianth tubular; fruit with only thin flesh, with a large
seed, covered by the accrescent perianth___________ 3. TROPHIS.
Pistillate flowers in heads. >
Staminate flowers with a 4-parted perianth______ 1. CHLOROPHORA.
Staminate flowers without a perianth___-_________ 8. SAHAGUNIA.
Flowers of one or both sexes capitate, borne on a flat or rounded recep-
tacle, or solitary.
Leaves very densely long-hairy; flowers borne on a flat receptacle.
7. CASTILLA.
Leaves never densely long-hairy; flowers not borne on a flat receptacle.
Pistillate flowers sessile and usually solitary in the axils.
6. PSEUDOLMEDIA.
Pistillate flowers in heads or on a receptacle.
Pistillate flowers one on each receptacle__________ 5. BROSIMUM.
Pistillate flowers more than one to each head or receptacle.
Inflorescence wholly of heads; leaves entire___10. COUSSAPOA.
Inflorescence partly of spikes (staminate) ; leaves usually toothed.
Staminate flowers wtih a 4-parted perianth.
1. CHLOROPHORA.
Staminate flowers without a perianth_--__-_~~_ 8. SAHAGUNIA.
1. CHLOROPHORA Gaud. in Freye. Voy. Bot. 508. 1826.
Leaves glabrous, or nearly. so22=---- === == ee eee 1. C. tinctoria.
Leaves densely pubescent on both surfaces________-__--____----- 2. C. mollis.
1. Chlorophora tinctoria (L.) Gaud. in Freyce. Voy. Bot. 508. 1826.
Morus tinctoria lL. Sp. Pl. 986. 17538.
Chiefly on stream banks and seashores, San Luis Potosi to Yucatan and
Tabasco; reported from Tamaulipas, Oaxaca, Michoacin, and Guerrero. Cen-
tral America, West Indies, and tropical South America; type from Jamaica.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 20 meters high, with a trunk 10 to 80 cm. in
diameter, the bark brownish gray or light brown, with few shallow furrows,
the branches spreading, often armed with sharp axillary spines; leaves
deciduous, ovate or oval, caudate-acuminate, bright dark green, entire or ser-
a
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 2038
rate (both kinds often on the same branches) ; flowers dioecious, the staminate
in slender dense catkins, the pistillate in globose heads, the receptacle fleshy
in fruit; seeds brown; wood light yellow, becoming darker on exposure, hard,
heavy, close-grained, strong, tough, taking an excellent polish, its specific grav-
ity about 0.71 (reported as high as 0.98). ‘‘ Moral liso,” “moral de clavo”
(Tabasco) ; ‘palo mora” (Colombia, Isthmus of Tehuantepec) ; ‘‘moral ama-
rillo,’ ‘ moradilla’” (Veracruz); ‘“ yaga-huil” (Oaxaca; Zapotec, Reko) ;
“moral” (Tabasco, Oaxaca, etc., Colombia) ; “‘palo moral” (Oaxaca) ; ‘‘ palo
amarillo” (Tabasco, ete., El Salvador) ; ‘‘ mora” (Sinaloa, El Salvador, Guate-
mala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Santo Domingo, Porto Rico, Nicaragua) ; “ palo de
mora” (Costa Rica, Porto Rico); ‘‘dinde’’ (Colombia); ‘moral del pais,”
“mora blanca,” “ mora deloma,” “ fustete,” “mora de piedra ” (Cuba) ; “ brasil ”
(Costa Rica) ; ‘mora macho,” “ palo amarillo” (Santo Domingo).
The wood is very durable and is used for furniture, interior finish, wheels,
ete. Its most important use, however, is as a dye-wood; it furnishes a yellow,
brown, or green dye, the coloring properties being due to two principles, morin
or morindon, and moritannic acid. It is the fustic of commerce,’ long an im-
portant article of export to Europe and the United States from tropical Amer-
ica. Large quantities have been exported from Mexico, especially from Tabasco.
It is usually prepared in the form of sticks 60 to 120 em. long and 7.5 to 20 cm.
in diameter. The bark is used sometimes for tanning.
Various medicinal properties are reported for this tree, in Central America
and the West Indies. The bitter bark, with a disagreeable odor, is said to be
astringent, tonic, and in large doses purgative; it has been used for venereal
diseases. The ashes of the wood have been used in Jamaica for gout and
rheumatism. The fruit is astringent and useful in the form of a gargle for
sore throat and mouth. The root is reputed diuretic. In Nicaragua an in-
fusion of the flowers is used for colds. When ripe the fruit is sweet and full
of milky juice, and it is sometimes eaten.
2. Chlorophora mollis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 52. 1904.
Known only from the type locality, Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca.
Similar to the preceding species except for the copious pubescence on all
parts.
2. MORUS L. Sp. Pl. 986. 1753.
REFERENCE; Bureau in DC. Prodr. 17: 237-249. 1873.
Trees; leaves thin, deciduous, 3-nerved, dentate or often lobed, especially on
young branches; flowers green, monoecious, the two kinds of flowers in sepa-
- rate catkins; fruit a syncarp, composed of numerous small juicy 1-seeded drupes.
One other species, M. rubra L., the red mulberry, is native in the United
States. With regard to it, Havard says,” “ There is some ground for belief that
our native Red Mulberry was cultivated [by the Indians], the fine quality and
great quantity of the fruit being mentioned by De Soto and others.” Morus
alba L., native of Asia, the white mulberry (“moral blanco’), with sweet and
insipid, white or violet fruit is cultivated in Mexico. It has become natural-
ized in the United States, where it was introduced at an early date as food for
silkworms. It is said to have been introduced into Mexico for the same pur-
pose about 1522. Mulberries of other species also have been used for feeding
silkworms. Jforus nigra L., the black mulberry (“moral negro”), of Asiatic
origin, is cultivated in Mexico for its large, juicy, well-flavored, red or black
fruit.
" Rhus cotinus L., of Europe, also is known as fustie.
? Bull. Torrey Club 22: 104. 1895.
204 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The Spanish name for the mulberry fruit is “mora”; for the tree, “ moral”;
the name “morera” is applied to the white mulberry tree. Asiain gives the
Huastee name for mulberry tree as “ tzitzi.’ According to Belmar, the Mixe
names are “ hamdek”’ (fruit) and “ hamdek-kiup” (tree).
Pistillate spikes elongate, lax, many-flowered; leaves thin, scarcely or not
at all scabrous on the upper surface, glabrate beneath__1. M. celtidifolia.
Pistillate spikes short, dense, few-flowered ; leaves thick, very scabrous on the
upper surface, copiously pubescent beneath____________ 2. M. microphylla.
1. Morus celtidifolia H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 33. 1817.
Morus mexicana Benth. Pl. Hartw. 71. 1840.
Morus mollis Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 38: 145. 1911.
Coahuila to Veracruz and Oaxaca; reported from Yucatin. Guatemala and
Costa Rica; Colombia to Peru; type from Ecuador.
Tree, 5.5 to 9 meters high; leayes oval-ovate, 5 to 15 em. long, bright
green, cuspidate-acuminate; fruit at first red but finally black. The fruit is —
known generally as “mora,” the tree as “moral”; “palo moral” (Oaxaca) ;_
“yaga-biyozaa”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); “brasil” (Costa Rica).
The species is somewhat variable in leaf form and in size of fruit, but with
the material available it does not seem necessary to recognize either of the
segregates. This is perhaps the species to which Sessé and Mocifio* apply the
name “ Morus tartarica,’ although it is not certain that they do not refer to
one of the introduced species. It is probably to this tree that Sahagtén
refers: ‘In this country [New Spain] there are mulberry trees. They are
talled amacapulin [paper cherry]. This tree is smooth and branched. The
branches are very numerous, and the leaves are crowded and green, a little
paler beneath. It produces mulberries a little smaller than those of Castile.”
In Ecuador the wood of this species is said to be valued for building purposes.
2. Morus microphylla Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1862: 8. 18638.
Morus microphilyra Greene, Leaflets 2: 120. 1910.
Chihuahua to Durango. Southern Arizona to western Texas (type locality).
Small tree, 4.5 to 7.5 meters high, with a trunk 30 em. in diameter, the crown
dense and compact, or often a shrub in Mexico; bark gray, furrowed, covered
with small scales; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. long, red or finally black; wood hard, close-
grained, elastic, light brown, its specific gravity about 0.77. “ Mora,” “moral.”
The wood is used to a small extent in Mexico by carpenters, and was employed
by the Indians of Texas for bows. The fruit is rather sour and varies in size
according to the amount of water the tree receives. It is sometimes found in
markets. r
This species may not be distinct from the preceding one. The leaves are
very variable and often deeply lobed, especially on young shoots.
3. TROPHIS L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1289. 1759.
REFERENCE: Bureau in DC. Prodr. 17: 251-254. 1873.
Trees, unarmed; leaves deciduous or persistent, entire or dentate; flowers
dioecious, green, spicate, racemose, or paniculate; fruit small, subglobose, with
thin flesh and a large seed.
Fruit smooth, sessile or short-pedicellate ; leaves usually more than 8 em. wide.
1. T. racemosa.
Fruit tuberculate, long-pedicellate; leaves 3 em. wide or less___2. T. mexicana,
1. Trophis racemosa (L.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 195. 1908. .
Bucephatlon racemosum lL. Sp. Pl. 1190. 1753.
Trophis americana J.. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1289. 1759.
* Pl. Nov. Hisp. 160. 1887.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 205
Trophis ramon Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 357. 1831.
Tamaulipas to Sinaloa, Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Tabasco. Central America,
Colombia, and the West Indies.
Tree, 15 meters high or less, with brown bark, the trunk usually 35 to 40 em.
in diameter; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to oval, 8 to 15 cm. long, short-
acuminate, coriaceous, often very rough, entire or inconspicuusly dentate.
“Ramon” (Veracruz, Tabasco, Cuba, Santo Domingo; a corruption of this
name, “ramoon,’ used also in Jamaica); “confitura’” (Oaxaca, Reko) ;
“huanchal” (Oaxaca); “leche Maria” (Oaxaca); ‘ ramoncillo” (Tabasco) ;
“ramon de Castilla’? (Veracruz, Villada) ; “ cafecillo” (Nicaragua); “ram6én
de caballos” (Cuba).
The tree is much used in Mexico, as well as elsewhere, as fodder for domestic
animals, the cut branches being often transported to some distance for the
purpose. The fruit is said to be edible, although the flesh is certainly very
seant. The bark contains tannin and has been used in medicine as an
astringent.
It may be that more than one species is included in the material referred
here. The leaves are somewhat variable in shape and texture. The pistillate
inflorescence is usually simply spicate, but it is sometimes branched. T. gla-
brata Liebm.’, from the description, does not seem to differ essentially.
2. Trophis mexicana (Liebm.) Bureau in DC. Prodr. 17: 2538. 18738.
Sorocea mexicana Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 335. 1851.
Trophis chiapensis T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Pub!. Bot. 6: 178. 1915.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Tlapacoyan, Veracruz.
' Medium-sized tree; leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong, with a long, narrow, often
curved tip, conspicuously serrate, smooth, bright green.
4, FICUS L. Sp. Pl. 10. 59. 1753.
REFERENCE: Standley, The Mexican and Central American species of Ficus,
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 1-35. 1917; Urbina, Los Amates de Hernandez,
Naturaleza 7: 93-114. 1900; M. Urbina, Los Amates de Hernandez 6 higueras
Mexicanas, Naturaleza III. 1: 32-53. 1912.
Large or small trees; leayes entire (in the native Mexican species) ; flowers
minute, borne on the inner surface of a more or less globose receptacle, this
succulent in age, with a very small opening at the apex, this closed by small
scales, the receptacle subtended at the base by a lobed involucre.
Many if not most of the Mexican figs are of very peculiar growth. They
are hemiparasites; that is, they often begin their growth upon other plants,
usually palms, germinating and developing a stem from which aerial roots
descend to the ground and take root.? In this way the plants in their young
stages are often vinelike. With age, the aerial roots increase in size and form
a trunk which gradually envelops completely the host plant. The stems at
first are flat, broad, and thin, and as they increase in size several will unite,
assuming irregular and fantastic forms. Ultimately the host plant dies but
often it persists for a long time, and it is not unusual to see the fronds of a
palm rising from the crown of a large fig tree. Figs of this habit of growth
are known generally as “‘matapalo.” Sometimes the plants begin their growth
upon cliffs, developing their thin trunks against the rocks.
*Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 314. 1851.
7 See Trelease, Illustrations of a “strangling” fig tree. Rept. Mo. Bot. Gard.
16: 161-165. pl. 39-45. 1905.
206 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Large fig trees, too, often send down from their branches aerial roots which
take hold of the soil and finally develop into trunks. In this way trees of the
banyan type are formed, some of them of enormous size.
Because of their broad, dense crowns and handsome foliage many of the
Mexican figs make attractive shade trees. Some exotic species are cultivated
for the same purpose. F. nitida Thunb., an Asiatic plant with small lustrous
obovate leaves is seen frequently in parks, being known as “ laurel de la India,”
“laurel,” and “Alamo extranjero.” A specimen of F. crassinervia Willd., from
Puebla, was probably taken from a cultivated tree; the species is a West
Indian one. F. religiosa L., of the East Indies (“laurel de India,’ “4lamo —
cubano’), with very long-acuminate leaves, also is cultivated. fF. elastica
Roxb., another Old World species, is frequent in parks and gardens, being one
of the finest shade trees grown in the tropics. It is one of the sources of India
rubber, and is the well-known rubber plant which is cultivated for ornament in
the United States and elsewhere. Its leaves are larger than those of most
Mexican species, and the fruit is of distinct shape, oblong rather than globose,
as in most figs. The common edible fig, F. carica L. (‘‘ higuera,’”’ “ higo”’), is
extensively cultivated in Mexico for its fruit, which under favorable conditions —
is produced at all times of the year. It differs from all the American species
in having lobed leaves. It was doubtless brought to Mexico at a very early
date by the Spaniards. The Jesuits introduced the fig tree into Baja California
in the eighteenth century, and it is said to have been the only fruit, except
grapes, which was thoroughly successful there.
The fruit of all the species is edible, but often the receptacles are so small
and dry that they are not very palatable. They are a favorite food of many
kinds of birds and of domestic-animals.
The milky juice of the Mexican species yields a kind of rubber which might
become of some commercial importance. This is said to have been used locally —
for treating fractured bones and for similar purposes. Some of the South
American species are said to produce commercial rubber.
Few medicinal uses are reported for this genus in Mexico. The early in-
habitants are said to have used the root, to which purgative properties are
ascribed, in the treatment of fevers and chest affections, and the milky juice for
ulcers. The juice is often applied to warts, but with what success is not stated.
The juice of some of the South American species is reported to be extremely
poisonous.
The wood of the fig trees is soft and light and of little value. The large
trunks, however, are often made into canoes. In preconquest days the bark
was of great importance, for it was one of the sources of the bark paper used
by the Aztecs for their records and correspondence. Some of this paper is
still preserved in the ancient manuscripts. It is generally stated that the
species used for the purpose was F’. petiolaris. This is, it is true, the species
described by Hernfndez, but it is probable that other species were used indis-
criminately. Plants of other families were used likewise for the same purpose,
and it is now uncertain what one was most commonly employed.
It was believed that the manufacture of bark paper in Mexico had become
obsolete, but Professor Starr, of the University of Chicago, found a few years
ago that the method of preparation was still known to some of the Otomf
Indians of Hidalgo. He secured specimens of the paper and has published an
account of its manufacture” He states that the trees used are “xalama”
ae sP.), yt Jone? (Heliocarpus), “moral,” and “dragén.” The name
Starr: In Indian Mexico, pp. 245-246, 259, 268.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 207
“moral” probably refers to some plant of the family Moraceae, and “ dragén”
perhaps to a Jatropha. After being stripped from the trees, the bark is
washed with lye water taken from the corn soaked for tortillas, washed in
fresh water, thoroughly boiled, and split into thin strips. These the women
arrange carefully upon a wooden plank and then beat with a stone until a
sheet of paper results. The side of the sheet next to the board is smooth,
the other somewhat rough. The paper is dried in the sun. The paper obtained
from the “‘ moral” is white; that from “xalama” purplish. It is said that the
bark of the “ule” (Castilla) also is used.
Because of the purposes for which the paper is employed, its preparation is
generally conducted with great secrecy. It is used for decorations in various
ceremonies, especially those of pagan origin. More commonly, however, it is
used for “‘brujeria’’ (witchcraft), and for this it is cut into “ mufiecos,”
representing human beings, horses, and other animals, and these are employed
to work injury to people and domestic animals, being buried in front of a house
or in a corral. The mufecos are employed also for curing disease, applied
directly to the affected part.
This ceremonial use of the bark paper is the last remnant of a common
practice of ancient times. Before the conquest paper banners were employed
as offerings to the gods at certain feasts, and crowns of paper also were offered,
and were worn by those who took part in the ceremonies.
The vernacular names applied to the species of Ficus are very numerous,
and many of them are listed under the species enumerated below. In Jalisco,
according to Urbina, they are usually known as “camichin” or ‘“ zalate.” The
former name, which is used elsewhere also, is applied to the species having
smaller fruits than those known by the name “zalate.” The word camichin,
he states, is written more properly coamichin (=coatl, snake+michin, fish=
fish-snake=eel). This name was probably given because of the adventitious
roots, which might be taken to resemble eels. A name widely used in Mexico
for fig trees is amate; this is a modification of the Nahuatl word amatl, “‘ paper,”
applied to the tree. It is interesting to note that the Tarascan word for paper,
siranda, also is used as a name for the fig tree. The name “ macahuite”
(Nahuatl, ama-cuahuitl=fig-tree ) is said to be used in central Mexico. The
word amatl is preserved in such place names as Amatitlin, “among the fig
trees’; Amatepec, “ the hill of the figs’; Amecameca, “ place where they wear
fig shirts.”
Peduncles solitary ; involucre trilobate; stamens 2. (Subgenus PHARMACOSYCE.)
Leaves hirtellous or short-pilose beneath; receptacles pilose or hirtel-
ROHS Sens er ere et ees SS eee eee 1. F. glaucescens.
Leaves glabrous or merely scabrous beneath; receptacles glabrate or scabrous.
Branchlets densely pilose-sericeous_______________________ 2. F. radulina.
Branchlets glabrous or puberulent.
Leaves rounded and apiculate at the apex_________________ 5. F. radula.
Leaves gradually acute or acuminate at the apex.
Leaf blades about 4 times as long as broad, acute at the base,
PTA TBUSE = ee hat ee ee ere ree Se pee re es 3. F. segoviae.
Leaf blades not more than two and a half times as long as broad,
usually very obtuse or rounded at the base, commonly scabrous.
4. F. mexicana.
Peduncles geminate; involucre bilobate; stamen 1. (Subgenus UrostieMa.)
Involucre very asymmetric, attached excentrically to the peduncle.
6. F. tecolutensis.
208 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Involucre symmetric, attached centrally to the pedunele.
Receptacles all or partly sessile.
Receptacles partly sessile and partly pedunculate on the same plant.
7. EF. cookii.
Receptacles all sessile.
Leaves cuspidate at the apex, with a long acute acumen.
8. F. panamensis.
Leaves not cuspidate at the apex.
Involucre small, about 5 mm. in greatest diameter, inconspicuous ;
receptacles, glabrouse2 sof es Ae one oes 9. F. kellermannii.
Involucre large, conspicuous, inclosing the receptacle for half its
length or more; receptacles finely pubescent or in age glabrate.
10. F. cotinifolia.
Receptacles all pedunculate.
Leaves conspicuously pubescent beneath.
Leaf blades suborbicular, as broad as long, deeply cordate at the base,
white-barbate beneath along the costa___________ 11. F. petiolaris.
Leaf blades usually conspicuously longer than broad, the pubescence
of short hairs scattered over the lower surface.
Stipules glabrous or nearly so; receptacles pyriform. Leaves cordate-
ovate orvovate-deltoide st rer bp not Bea) 12. F. palmeri.
Stipules densely sericeous; receptacies globose.
Receptacles 13 to 17 mm. in diameter ; leaf blades 6 to 19 cm. long,
broadest at or near the middle___-__--__~_ 16. F. lapathifolia.
Receptacles 10 to 18 mm. in diameter; leaf blades 4.5 to 12 em.
long, usually broadest at or near the base.
Involucre 10 to 15 mm. in greatest diameter; receptacles with
fine appressed pubescence or glabrate; peduncles 2 to 4
Nim: Loney -A2 ttn eet eh ek eet 14. F. pringlei.
Involucre 4 to 6 mm. in diameter; receptacles short-villous;
peduncles 5 to 7 mm. long___--__-_-+_ 15. F. microchlamys.
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so.
Receptacles 4 to 12 mm. in diameter.
Ostiole of the receptacle depressed; leaf blades 1.5 \to 4.7 cm.
Wa esl. 2 reece teiy A i hh AP 17. F. padifolia.
Ostiole plane or elevated; leaf blades 5 to 9.5 cm. wide.
18. F. lentiginosa.
Receptacles 15 to 25 mm. in diameter.
Stipules ferruginous-sericeous________--___---__-- 19. F. glycicarpa.
Stipules glabrous or minutely puberulent.
Leaf blades cuneate-obovate, rounded at the apex.
20. F. involuta.
Leaf blades oblong to oval or ovate-oval, broadest at or below the
middle.
Leaf blades cordate or subcordate at the base, with 5 to 9
lateral veins on each side.
Petioles 3.5 to 7 cm. long; leaves bright green; receptacles
NUDESCent eee A ew Wee ee Atal ee 21. F. jonesii.
Petioles 1.5 to 3.5 em. long; leaves glaucescent beneath; re-
cepiacles glabrous2.2 «2 ) te see ee 13. F. brandegei.
Leaf blades rounded or emarginate at the base, with usually
8 to 13 lateral veins on each side.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 209
Leaf blades emarginate at the base; receptacles densely puberu-
lent.= 2s git ee: fash? “echt 22. F. goldmanii.
Leaf blades rounded at the base; receptacles glabrous or
MOAG YS Oise 24s at Bal S Fagen etree B 23. FE. yucatanensis.
1. Ficus glaucescens (Liebm.) Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 300. 1867.
Pharinacosycea glaucescens Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 332. 1851.
Pharmacosycea hernandezii Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 832. 1851.
Ficus hernandezii Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 300. 1867.
Ficus guadalajarana S. Wats. Proe. Amer. Acad. 26: 151. 1891.
Veracruz to Sinaloa and Oaxaca; type from Mecapalco, Veracruz. Central
America.
Large or small tree; stipules 1 to 2 cm. long; leaves oval-oblong or obovate-
oval, 8 to 28 cm. long. very obtuse or apiculate at the apex; receptacles 1.5
to 2.5 cm. in diameter. “ Higo loxe grande” (Oaxaca).
2. Ficus radulina S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 151. 1891.
Chihuahva and Sonora; type collected near Batopilas, Chihuahua.
Large tree with whitish or yellowish branches; stipules 6 to 8 cm. long;
leaves obiong to oval-elliptic, 9 to 18 em. long; receptacles 1.5 to 2 cm. in
diameter, spotted with light and dark green. ‘‘ Nacapuli,” ‘‘ higuera’”’ (Sonora) ;
“salate” (Chihuahua).
3. Ficus segoviae Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 300. 1867.
Pharmaccsycea angustifolia Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 3: 333. 1851.
Not Ficus angustifolia Roxb. 1814.
Veracruz to Guerrero and Oaxaca. Guatemala and Nicaragua (type locality).
Stipules 2 to 5.5 em. long; leaf blades narrowly elliptic, 10 to 20 cm. long;
receptacles 1.5 to 3 ecm. in diameter. “ Macahuite” (Oaxaca).
4, Ficus mexicana Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 299. 1867.
Pharmacosycea mexicana Miquel, Versl. Med. Kon. Akad. Amsterdam 13:
416. 1862.
San Luis Potosi to Sinaloa, Oaxaca, and Yucatan.
Large tree, sometimes 20 meters high, with a trunk nearly 2 meters in diame-
ter, the bark pale brownish or yellowish; stipules 3.5 to 10 em. long; leaves
oval or elliptic-obiong, 8 to 20 em. long; receptacles about 2 cm. in diameter,
light green. “ Copoy” (San Luis Potosi, Palmer) ; “ sabali” (Sinaloa).
5. Ficus radula Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1144. 1806.
Veracruz to Yucatién and Oaxaca. Central America, Colombia, and Vene-
zuela (type locality).
Large or small tree, with brownish gray branches; stipules 1 to 1.5 em. long;
leaves oblong to oval, 8 to 16 em. long; receptacles 1.5 to 3 cm. in diameter.
*““Macahuite” (Oaxaca; from the Nahuatl, “ ama-cuahuitl”).
6. Ficus tecolutensis (Liebm.) Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 299.
1867.
Urostigma tecolutense Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 324. 1851.
Veracruz to Yucatan and Oaxaca; type from Tecolutla, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Stipules i to 1.5 em. long; leaves oblong, oval, or oval-obovate, 6 to 10 em.
long, obtuse or acutish at the apex, obtuse or emarginate at the base, glabrous;
receptacles 5 to 8 mm. in diameter. ‘‘ Matapalo” ‘“ amate,”’ “immatapalo liso,”
““macahuite” (Oaxaca).
7. Ficus cookii Stand]. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 15, 1917.
Chiapas; type from San Vicente. Guatemala.
Large tree; stipules 1 to 1.5 em. long; leaves oval or orbicular-ovate, 6 to 11
em. long, rounded at the apex, shallowly cordate at the base; receptacles about
1 cm, in diameter.
210 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
A very remarkable species because of the presence of both sessile and pedun-
culate receptacles upon the same tree.
8. Ficus panamensis Stand]. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 15. 1917.
Tabasco. Central America and Colombia; type from Panama.
Stipules 2 cm. long; leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, 9 to 16 cm. long, glabrous;
receptacles 1 cm. in diameter. ‘“Amatillo” (Tabasco).
9. Ficus kellermannii Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20:18. 1917.
Oaxaca. Guatemala; type from El Rancho.
Stipules 1 to 2 em. long; leaves oval-oblong, obovate-oval, or oval, 5 to 14 em.
long, short-hirtellous beneath, emarginate or subcordate at base; receptacles
8 to 10 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Higo loxe chico” (Oaxaca).
10. Ficus cotinifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 49. 1817.
Ficus myzaefolia Kunth & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 18. 1846.
Urostigma longipes Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 321. 1851.
Urostigma glaucum Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 322. 1851.
Ficus subrotundifolia Greenm. Proce. Amer. Acad. 41: 237. 1905,
Chihuahua to Baja California, Oaxaca, and Yucatin; type collected on the
Acapulco road near La Venta del Egido. Costa Rica.
Large or small tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with a trunk a meter in
diameter, the branches few, large, spreading; stipules 5 to 13 mm. long; leaves
oblong to orbicular, 5 to 13 cm. long, very variable; receptacles 6 to 11 mm.
in diameter, whitish, often spotted. ‘‘ Copé,”’ ‘ coobé,” “Alamo” (Yucatan) ;
“higuer6én”’ (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi) ; “amate prieto” (Morelos).
The milky juice mixed with the powdered bark is applied to wounds and
bruises. This may be the “ tlilamatl” (‘‘ black-fig’’) described by Hernfndez.
11. Ficus petiolaris H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2:49. 1817.
Ficus jaliscana S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 150. 1891.
Sonora to Guerrero and Morelos; reported from Oaxaca; type collected near
Mazatlan, Guerrero.
Large or small tree with white trunk; leaves 6.5 to 15 em. wide; receptacles
1 to 1.5 ecm. in diameter. The following names are reported for this species,
although it is probable that most of them are applied to others also: ‘“ Tepe-
amatl” or ‘“tepeamate’” (Guerrero; the former the Nahuatl term, meaning
“ hill-fig ’’) ; “ tescalama,” “ tescalamate,” or “ texcalamate ” (Morelos, Durango,
Guanajuato, etc.; in Nahuatl, tercalamatl=“ lava-fig,” this name, according to
Robelo, given because the tree sometimes grows on lava rock); “palo chila-
mate” (Oaxaca, Reko; from the Nahuatl, chil-amatl) ; “higuera” (Durango,
Sinaloa); “palo Marfa,” ‘“ higuerén” (Sinaloa, Mexico) ; ‘“ higuerote,” ‘ tex-
calama lechosa” (Sinaloa); “‘amate” (Oaxaca); ‘‘amacostic” (Morelos) ;
““amate amarillo” (Morelos, Guerrero).
This species has frequently been reported* from Mexico as FP. nymphacifolia
L. That is a South American species, which is somewhat similar but neverthe-
less quite distinct.
This species is discussed by Hernindez? in a chapter entitled.“ De Amacoztic,
seu Papyro lutea, seu Tepemat!, Sycomoro Saxatili Mexicana.” His remarks are
as follows: “The Amacoztic, which some call Texrcalamatl, or rock-paper, and
others Tepeamatl, is a large tree which has the leaves broad, almost round,
thick and purplish like ivy, and nearly heart-shaped; the bark is on one side
yellow inclining to green, and on the other red; it has the fruits on the same
trunks, which are smooth like that of a fig tree; the fruit resembles small
7 As by Sessé & Mocifio, Pl. Nov. Hisp. 180. 1887.
? Thesaurus 81. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 211
figs; it is purple and full of small red seeds; the tree is fastened to the rocks,
and is a wonderful thing. The leaves have no perceptible odor or flavor; their
temperament is moist and cold. The decoction of the roots allays the thirst
of those who suffer from fever, alleviates pains of the chest, is purgative and
vomitive, and it is prepared by boiling three ounces of the roots with three
pounds of water until the half is consumed; its milk cures sores of the lips
and chronic ulcers. The tree grows in mountainous and rough places about
Chietla, embracing the rocks, as I have said, and as the name itself indicates.
There is another kind that has the same name and temperament, which, they
say, serves only for furnishing straight, smooth poles.” Hernandez also gives
two easily recognizable figures of the plant (pp. 82, 409).
- Dr. Fernando Altamirano, quoted by Urbina,’ describes the gum or rubber
obtained from this -(and probably also from other) species of Ficus as follows:
“The commercial Texrcalama appears as rounded masses of variable dimensions.
This substance is elastic and adhesive and very ductile, gray in color, and
capable of being formed into membranes as delicate as soap bubbles, being in
this state white and transparent; exposed to the air it hardens and assumes
a yellow tint, for which reason it should be kept in vessels full of water. In
boiling water it softens and becomes more sticky.
“Tts density is greater than that of water; its odor is urine-like, and it has
scarcely any taste.
“In its analysis I found 15 per cent of caoutchouc, 55 per cent of a resin
soluble in alcohol, and 5 per cent of a resin soluble in ether.”
This gum is used by surgeons and others in Mexico for treating broken bones,
hernia, ete.
12. Ficus palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 77. 1889.
Baja California, on rocky hillsides; type from San Martin Island.
Tree, 4.5 to 10 meters high, with white trunk; stipules 1.5 to 2 cm. long;
leaves 6 to 14 cm. long; receptacles 12 to 15 mm. in diameter. ‘ Salate.”
This is presumably the tree described by Clavigero” as “ anab4,” in the fol-
lowing words: “Anabdd is the name of a fruit similar to the fig, and of the tree
on which it is borne. The latter is large, the bark of its trunk and branches
whitish like that of the fig tree, and the fruit similar in color and shape to
the early figs but smaller, less juicy, and without the sweet flavor of our figs. |
Nevertheless the Californians esteem it so highly that when they hear of an
anabd with ripe fruit they go to hunt for it and gather a supply of the fruit,
even though it may be four or five leagues distant. The wood of. the anabd is
absolutely useless, and the roots are usually broader than thick, for since the
tree grows among rocks, it introduces its roots into the clefts, or, in default of
these, extends them over the rocks themselves. In Mexico, where it is known
by the name of zalate, it fruits better and attains a larger size.”
13. Ficus brandegei Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 22. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, San José del Cabo, Baja California.
Similar to the last species except for the complete absence of pubescence upon
the leaves.
14, Ficus pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 150. 1891.
Jalisco; type from the barranca near Guadalajara.
*Naturaleza 7: 98. 1900.
* Historia de la California, 1789. This is the first work in which Baja Cali-
fornia plants were described. Clavigero’s information was furnished by a
brother of the Jesuit order, whose descriptions are remarkably vivid and
accurate.
ST2 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Small or medium-sized tree; stipules 1.5 em. long; leaves Ovate-oval or
deltoid-ovate, 4.5 to 8 em. long, very obtuse or rounded at the apex, subcordate
or emarginate at the base.
15. Ficus microchlamys Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 23. 1917.
Sinaloa, Tepie, Jalisco, and Veracruz; type from Guadalajara.
Large tree; stipules 7 mm. long; leaves oblong to rounded-ovate, 6 to 12 cm.
long, rounded or obtuse at the apex, subcordate or emarginate at the base.
“Salate bronco” (Sinaloa).
16. Ficus lapathifolia (Liebm.) Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 297.
1867.
Urostigma lapathifolium Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 319. 1851.
Tamaulipas to Veracruz, Chiapas, and Guerrero; type from Yecoatla and
Colipa, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Stipules 1.5 to 1.8 cm. long; leaves oval to broadly oblong.
17. Ficus padifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 47. 1817.
Ficus complicata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 48. 1817.
Urostigma schiedeanum Miquel, Lond, Journ. Bot. 6: 539. 1847.
Urostigma complicatum Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 325. 1851.
Urostigma baccatum Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 327. 1851.
Urostigma turbinatum Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 328. 1851.
Urostigma sulcipes Miquel, Vers]. Med. Kon. Akad. Amsterdam 13: 413. 1862.
Ficus fasciculata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 24: 78. 1889.
Ficus sonorae S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 78. 1889.
Tamaulipas to Sonora, Oaxaca, and Tabasco; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Central America.
Small or often a very large tree, as much as 30 meters high, with broad,
dense crown and numerous trunks and aerial roots; stipules 5 to 15 mm. long;
leaves mostly ovate or elliptic, 4 to 12 em. long, acute or acuminate. “ Nacapuli”
(Sonora); “ camichin” (Colima, Sinaloa, Jalisco) ; “comuchin” (Michoacan,
Guerrero) ; “ palo de coco” (Oaxaca, Liebmann) ; “amatillo,” “ capulfn grande”
(Tabasco) ; “ samatito” (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Morelos) ; “ amesquite” (Morelos) ;
“matapalo” (Oaxaca); “higuito” (Costa Rica); “cozahuique” (Oaxaca,
Villada) ; “ jalamate,” “ cabra-higo” (Morelos, Urbina).
One of the handsomest of Mexican trees, often with an immense crown of
dark green leaves. It has been reported from Mexico as F’. ligustrina Kunth &
Bouché, a South American species. The fruit is usually tinged or spotted with
red or purple; it is sweet and much eaten by children and birds, and some-
times it is sold in the markets.
Urbina’ considers that this is the “amazquitl” of Hernandez, who speaks
of the value of the tree for shade, and states that a decoction of the root bark
was given to fever patients. The “hoeiamatl” of Hernandez is perhaps the
same species; this was employed as a remedy for various skin diseases and
for pains and sourness of the stomach. Another wild fig described by Hernandez
under the name “itzamatl” may also be Ficus padifolia. This, Hernandez
states, was called “‘ higo de Indias” by the Spaniards.
18. Ficus lentiginosa Vahl, Enum. PI. 2: 188. 1806.
Guerrero to Oaxaca and Yucatéin. West Indies; type from Montserrat.
Stipules 1 to 1.5 em. long; leaves oval or ovate-oval, 7.5 to 16 cm. long.
obtuse or rounded and often short-pointed at the apex, bright green; receptacles
8 to9 mm, in diameter. “ Jaguey’”’ (Porto Rico).
For an illustration of a flowering branch see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 35.
*Naturaleza 7: 99. 1900.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 218
19. Ficus glycicarpa Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 297. 1867.
Urostigna glycicarpum Miquel, Versl. Med. Kon. Akad. Amsterdam 12: 409.
1862.
Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna.
Stipules 1 cm. long; leaves elliptic-oblong or obovate, 7 to 20 cm. long,
obtuse or rounded and short-pointed at the apex; receptacles 1.5 to 2 cm. in
diameter.
20. Ficus involuta (Liebm.) Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 298. 1867.
Ficus obtusifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 49. 1817. Not F. obtusifolia
Roxb. 1814.
Urostigma involutum Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 323. 1851.
Urostigina bonpiandianum Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 323. 1851.
Ficus bonplandiana Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 298. 186T.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, Yucatan, and Oaxaca. Central America; type
from Nicaragua.
Large tree, sometimes with a trunk 1.8 meters in diameter and a crown 19
meters broad; st:pules 1.5 to 3 cm. long; leaves 11 to 21 cm. long; receptacles
1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter. ‘“Amate’” (Guererro); “amate blanco” (San Luis
Potosi, Morelos) ; “‘ matapalo” (Oaxaca) ; ‘palo de sal” (Costa Rica).
The fruit is edible. The milky juice of the branches is applied externally
for pain in the stomach.
21. Ficus jonesii Stand]. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 31. 1917.
Sinaloa and Jaliscc; type from La Palma, Jalisco.
Large tree; leaves oval-oblong to broadly ovate-obleng; receptacles 2.5 cm.
in diameter.
The writer is inclined to believe that the receptacles described for this may
belong to a different tree from the cne which furnished the leaves, and that
the latter may be referable to PF. lentiginosa.
22. Ficus goldmanii Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 32. 1917.
Sonora and Sinaloa to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Large tree, with a short, very thick trunk supported by buttresses; leaves
oblong or elliptic-oblong, 8 to 20 cm. long; receptacles 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter.
“ Chalate”’ (Durango).
23. Ficus yucatanensis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 33. 1917.
Yucatan ; type from Chichen Itza.
Stipules 1 to 1.5 em. long; leaves oval or oval-obleng, 8 to 20 em. long;
receptacles 2 cm. in diameter.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
Ficus cALYCULATA Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Ficus no. 11. 1768. Described from
Veracruz. The description does not agree with any species known from Mexico.
FICUS FUSCESCENS (Liebm.) Miquel, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3: 298. 1867.
Urostigma fuscescens Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 329. 1851. De-
scribed from Veracruz; perhaps not of this genus.
5. BROSIMUM Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 12. 1788.
Leaves oval or oblong-oval, 4.5 to 8.5 cm. wide, acute or acuminate.
1. B. alicastrum.
Leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 2 to 3 cm. wide, obtuse or acutish.
2. B. conzattii.
1. Brosimum alicastrum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 12. 1788.
Tamaulipas to Yucatan, Tabasco, Oaxaca, and Tepic. West Indies and Cen-
tral America; type from Jamaica.
214 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Tree, sometimes 30 meters high, with a trunk a meter in diameter, the crown
broad and dense; bark gray; leaves bright green, glabrous, entire; flowers uni-
sexual, in dense globose pedunculate heads; fruit subglobose, yellow or orange,
containing a single large seed about 12 mm. broad. “Ramén” (Yucatan,
Oaxaca); “ox” (Yucatain, Tabasco, Maya); “ojite” (Veracruz, Tamaulipas,
Oaxaca; from the Nahuatl, “ oxitl”) ; ‘““nazareno” (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “ oxotzin”
(Veracruz, Finck) ; “capomo” (Tepic, Jalisco, Veracruz, Oaxaca); “apomo”
(Sinaloa) ; “ Juandiego”’ (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “‘ojoche” (Nicaragua) ; ‘ maseco”
(Guatemala, Honduras).
The wood is said to be white, or sometimes grayish or tinged with flesh solawl
compact, hard, and fine-grained; it is used in carpenter work. The tree is
valued highly for forage, the branches being cut and fed to different kinds of
stock, and the fallen leaves are eaten greedily by cattle. The tree is oiten
planted for this purpose, and in some parts of Mexico it is a very important
forage plant. The milky juice is reported to yield a kind of rubber, and is used
as a calmant in asthma. It is reputed also to increase the flow of human milk,
this probably a relic of the old medical theory of signatures. The seeds are
said to be fattening for cattle, which are fond of them, and they are used also
as human food. For the latter purpose they are boiled or roasted, and eaten
alone or mixed with sugar, honey, or corn meal. They have a flavor resembling
that of chestnuts and are very nutritious. The seeds are sometimes roasted and
used as a substitute for coffee.
2. Brosimum conzattii Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 211. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Cafetal San Rafael, Distrito de Pochutla,
Oaxaca.
Similar to the preceding, of which it may be only a form, but with much
smaller, relatively narrower leaves, the embryo with an obtuse, rather than
acute, radicle.
6. PSEUDOLMEDIA Trécul, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 8: 129. 1847.
1. Pseudolmedia oxyphyllaria Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 20: 294. 1895.
Veracruz. Guatemala; type from Volecin de Tecuamburro.
A tree; leaves elliptic-oblong, 11 to 23 cm. long, acuminate, entire, glabrous;
flowers dioecious, the staminate ones in sessile heads, the pistillate solitary,
sessile, axillary, surrounded by silky bracts.
Perhap not sufficiently distinct from P. spuria (Swartz) Griseb., of the
Greater Antilles and Panama.
7. CASTILLA ’* Cervantes, Gaceta de Literatura de México, Suppl. July 2, 1794.
REFERENCES: Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 247-279. 1910; Cook, The
culture of the Central American rubber tree, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull.
49. 1903; Villada, El Arbol del hule, Naturaleza 3: 316-330. 1876.
1. Castilla elastica Cervantes, Gac. Lit. Méx. Suppl. 1794.
Castilla lactiflua Cook, Science n. ser. 18: 488. 1903.
Veracruz to Sinaloa, opti ARE Yucatin; type from Veracruz.
. (aajnctimen written Ogatiipda. The genus was named in TneRvE of pals Diego
del Castillo (1744-1793), pharmacist and economic explorer, who came to
Mexico in 1787 as a member of the famous naturalists’ expedition sent out by
Charles III. As a result of the labors occasioned by his work, he fell ill and
died in the City of Mexico. He left a legacy of $4,000 to be used in publishing
the Flora Mexicana. A manuscript by his hand, entitled “ Plantas descritas
en el viaje de Acapulco,” is said to be preserved in the Botanical Garden at
Madrid.
a
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 915
Tree, attaining a height of 20 meters or more, the trunk grayish, nearly
smooth; leaves distichous, deciduous, short-petiolate, oblong or oval-oblong,
25 to 40 cm. long, cordate at the base, acuminate at the apex, copiously
pubescent; flowers monoecious, the 2 kinds on separate receptacles, the stam-
inate receptacles 2 to 2.5 cm. broad, bearing numerous flowers; fruiting recep-
tacles 4 cm. or more in diameter, contorted, the fruits becoming fleshy and
brick-red. “Arbol del hule”; “tarantaqua” (Michoacin, Leon); “hule”
(the rubber; sometimes written “ ule”; derived from the Nahuatl olli or ollin) ;
“cuauchile.” Robelo gives the Nahuatl names for the tree as “ olcagiiite,”
“ulcuagiil,” “ oleuahuitl,’ and “ ulcuahuitl.”
This is one of the best-known trees of Mexico, being the principal source
of commercial rubber in Mexico and Central.America. The rubber is obtained
from either wild or cultivated trees. The Castilla grows wild chiefly in the
states of Chiapas, Tabasco, Yucatin, and Veracruz, usually at altitudes of
700 meters or less. It is reported also from Campeche, Oaxaca, Guerrero,
Michoacan, Colima, Jalisco, Hidalgo, Sinaloa, and Tamaulipas. Cultivation of
the rubber tree was begun in the State of Chiapas about 50 years ago, but
only in an experimental way, and it is only in recent years that cultivation has
been carried on upon an extensive scale. The details of rubber production
are so numerous that they can not be treated here, but those interested in the
subject should consult the paper by Cook, listed above.
Like other plants of the family Moraceae, the rubber tree has milky juice,
and this is the source of the rubber. The juice is obtained by tapping the trees.
It coagulates upon exposure to the air, but various substances are sometimes
added to hasten coagulation. In British Honduras the pounded stems of
morning-glory (Calonyction) are said to be used for this purpose. The early
inhabitants of Mexico were well acquainted with the crude rubber, using it
to make balls for games, for bottles, and for waterproofing coats, hats, shoes,
and other objects.
The wood is white and moderately heavy. The bark is beaten out by some
of the Indians of tropical America, and the fabric thus obtained is used for
clothing and blankets. In Mexico the bark is said to have been one of the
sources of paper.
Hernfindez was probably the first to give an account of the Mexican rubber.
tree. He gives a fairly accurate figure, and the following account, in a chapter
entitled “ De Holquahuitl, seu Arbore Chilli?” : “ Holquahuitl is a tree of which
there are two sorts. The one produces a large, smooth, yellow stem, full of
soft pith; whitish flowers; very large leaves; and star-shaped disks, pale but
becoming red, clinging to a stalk and crowded with fruits like Pontie nuts,
which are covered with a whitish and yellow skin and have a bitter flavor. The
other sort has leaves like Malus Medicus, but larger; the bark of both trees is
bitter. The latter grows in Michoacfin, where it is cal’ed tarantaquam. The
first is called Mecatlani and yhulapae. The bark is warm in the third order
and slightly lubricous; its infused decoction is good for dysentery. When cut
it yields a gum, called Holli by the Indians, which is at first milky, but soon
yellow, and finally black, if it is smeared on the bodies of those who gather it.
It is so resilient that balls fashioned from it bounce like hand-balls, and it is
useful for many other purposes. For it evokes the urine uncommonly, cleanses
the womb, and corrects sterility. * * * Added to food it fattens, and com-
pounded with those creatures which are called Azin, it is said to engender a
certain agility to the body, and to soften the bones so that men are able to
* Thesaurus 50. 1651.
* The word “chilli” is probably a typographical error for “ holli” or “ hule.”
55268—22—_4
216 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
turn and twist this way and that, and to handle the body like contortionists;
and it excites venery, it allays colics, applied as a plaster it relieves the
bowels, appeases thirst, and, burnt, it dissipates ulcers. This is that noble
gum with which the Indians once were wont to play the game called Bathei,
wonderful to see, which, by the agency of Cortés, the people of Spain also were
enabled to witness years ago. The leaves of the tree, dried and bruised, are
said to destroy lions and other animals.”
According to Sahagin, “ hoarseness is cured by rubbing the throat with wlli,
drinking honey, and sniffing a few drops of honey up the nose. * * * The
gum is very medicinal and is used for almost all diseases. It is a remedy for
the eyes, for abscesses, and for suppuration. It is taken with cacao. It is
useful for the stomach and intestines, internal putrefaction, and constipation.”
The rubber was employed also for holding broken bones in place, and for similar
purposes.
Several other species of Castilla are found in Central America. Some Mexi-
can specimens have been reported as C. guatemalensis Pittier,* but the pres-
ent writer has no reason for believing that more than one species occurs in
Mexico.
8. SAHAGUNIA’ Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 316. 1851.
1. Sahagunia mexicana Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 316. 1851.
Mirador and Barranca de Santa Maria, Veracruz.
Tree; leaves oblong, acuminate, entire or nearly so; flowers dioecious, the
staminate spicate, the pistillate capitate. ‘‘Arbol del pan” (Veracruz, Vil-
lada).
9. CECROPIA L. Amoen. Acad. 5: 410. 1760.
REFERENCE: Miquel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 4*: 189-154. 1853.
Trees or shrubs, the stems simple or branched, the trunk whitish, hollow;
leaves long-petiolate, the blades deeply lobed, usually white-tomentose beneath,
the lobes 7 to 13, entire; stipules large, inclosing the young inflorescences;
flowers dioecious, in very dense cylindric spikes, these clustered at the end of
a stout peduncle.
All the species are much alike in general appearance, and they are not easily
separated upon examination of herbarium material. The specimens available are
*Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 272. 1910. The proper name for this species is
Castilla gummifera (Bertol.) Pittier; see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 34. 1917.
*The genus is named in honor of Bernardo de Sahagfin, a Franciscan friar
of Spanish birth who came to Mexico as a missionary in 1529, Here, as Prescott
states, “he distinguished himself by his zeal, the purity of his life, and his
unwearied exertions to spread the great truths of religion among the natives.”
He wrote a “ Historia Universal de Nueva Espafia,” the material for which
he obtained directly from the native people with whom he was continually
associated. This work he composed in the Nahuatl language, which he could
both write and speak with great fluency. It was feared by the other members
of the order that the publication of the work would keep alive in the natives
too vivid an impression of the superstitions which it was the duty of the
Christian church to eradicate, and consequently the permission to print the
manuscript was refused. It was not until 1830 that SahagGn’s history was —
actually printed. Besides the other matters of which it treats, the book con-—
tains much information regarding the plants of Mexico. Sahagfin’s work is
one of the most important of those dealing with Mexican antiquities, and is “
unique in the method of its preparation. The author lived to an advanced age, —
and died in the capital in 1590.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 217
not numerous or very satisfactory, and it is doubtful how many species occur
in Mexico.
The trees grow very rapidly. Their hollow trunks are generally inhabited
by pugnacious ants. The trunks are often cut in two and used as troughs to
conduct water. Many of the native inhabitants of tropical America used them
also for making a kind of trumpet, and the soft spongy wood was employed as
tinder. In Brazil the wood has been used for making paper. The bark con-
tains a tough, coarse fiber used for cordage and for mats and for a kind of coarse
cloth by the Indians of Central and South America. The sap yields rubber,
but the quantity obtained by tapping is too small to be of commercial impor-
tance. It is said that the Indians sometimes ate the pith and that cattle eat
the leaves and fruit. The fruit is eaten also by birds.
Various medicinal properties are ascribed to the plants. In Mexico the juice
is used as a caustic for the treatment of ulcers and the removal of warts. In
South America and the West Indies it is used for dysentery and venereal dis-
eases, and a decoction of the young leaves for dropsy, liver affections, and
asthma. The ashes, according to Barham, were employed as a remedy for
dropsy. It is said, in addition, that the plant possesses the properties of digi-
talis, although its toxicity is relatively low.
According to Cook’ Cecropia peltata is known in Porto Rico as “ yagrumo
hembra,” because of the fact that it is popularly believed to be the female plant
of Didymopanar morototoni, which is known as “ yagrumo macho.”
The trees of the genus Cecropia are first described by Oviedo’? (Lib. VIII,
Cap. X), under the name “ yaruma.” He states that the Indians valued them
highly as a remedy for wounds.
The following vernacular names are reported for the species: “ Guarumbo ”
(Valley of Mexico, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas) ; ‘* guarumo” (Tabasco, Chiapas,
Veracruz, Costa Rica; the word, according to Pittier, is probably of Cuban or
Haitian origin); “chancarro” (Veracruz, Oaxaca); ‘ coilotépalo,” ‘“ coilota-
palo” (Valley of Mexico); “saruma” (Michoacin, Valley of Mexico) ;
“euarima” (Tabasco, Chiapas).
RADE SPIKES SOSSILG: wer sire htt | eae hd ce MI ee 1. C. mexicana.
Pistillate spikes pedunculate. x
» Staminate spikes few, 10 to 15 em: long_-___-_- = 2. C. schiedeana.
Staminate spikes numerous (12 to 15), 3 to 6 em. long_________ 3. C. obtusa.
1. Cecropia mexicana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 151. pl. 80. 1883.
Veracruz to Sinaloa and Oaxaca; type from Cordoba, Veracruz. Central
America.
Sometimes as much as 12 to 15 meters high. ‘“‘Guarumbo” (Oaxaca) ;
“trompeta ” (Sinaloa); “guarumo” (Costa Rica, El Salvador).
This is probably the species reported from Jorullo by Sessé and Mocifio® as
C. peltata L. It has often been reported from Mexico under that name by other
writers. One collection from Oaxaca, with leaves glabrate beneath, perhaps
represents an undescribed species.
2. Cecropia schiedeana Klotzsch, Linnaea 20: 531. 1847.
Veracruz; type from Papantla.
* Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 110. 1903.
* Primera parte de la historia natural y general de las Indias, yslas y tierra
firme del mar oceano. Sevilla, 1535. An enlarged and improved edition was
published in Madrid, 1851-55.
* Pl. Nov. Hisp. 170. 1887.
218 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
83. Cecropia obtusa Trécul, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 8: 79. 1849.
Veracruz and Yucatan. Cuba; South America.
“ Xcoochlé” (Yucatén, Maya); “yagrumo hembra” (Cuba).
A yet tee ;
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CECROPIA COMMUTATA Schott; Miquel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 4*: 148. 1843. De
seribed from a sterile cultivated plant said to be of Mexican origin.
CECROPIA PROPINQUA Miquel in Mart. Fl. Bras. 4*: 149. 1843. Described from
sterile cultivated plants.
anole
tet
en
10. COUSSAPOA <Aubl. Pl. Guian. 2: 891. 1775.
1. Coussapoa rekoi Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 211. 1919.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type locality, Cafetal Concordia, Cerro Espino,
Oaxaca, at an altitude of 600 meters.
Large tree with spreading crown, the branchlets. stipules, and nerves —
prickly; leaves ovate-rounded, sometimes half a meter long, entire, short- _
pointed ; flowers in globose pedunculate heads, the head becoming succulent and
edible at maturity. “ Chirimoya,” “carnero” (Oaxaca); “abababite” (Vera-
cruz).
The ripe heads are edible; they are about 2.5 cm. in diameter and resemble ~
miniature chirimoyas (Annona cherimola). Mr. Wilson Popenoe has found
them recently offered for sale in markets of Veracruz.
25. URTICACEAE. Nettle Family.
Large or small shrubs or small trees, sometimes covered with stinging hairs.
Many herbaceous representatives of the family occur in Mexico. Most of the
species of the Urticaceae have very tough stems, from which coarse, tough —
fiber may be obtained.
Plants with stinging hairs.
apapee
Stigma penicillate-capitate; perianth lobes fleshy in fruit______ 1. URERA.
Stigma filiform ; perianth lobes unchanged in fruit______ 2. URTICASTRUM. ~
Plants never with stinging hairs.
Perianth membranaceous in fruit, inclosing the achene.
Stigma persistent; leaves toothed_---_-.-_-____________ 3. BOEHMERIA.
Stigma deciduous ; leaves’. entire-— = 4. POUZOLZIA.
Perianth none.
Mowers: ip lone Slender’ Spikes.2*) 22 ee 3 ae 5. MYRIOCARPA.
Mowers in, axillary .Slomergics” 8." Ses 6. PHENAX.
=
1. URERA Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 496. 1826.
REFERENCE: Weddell in DC. Prodr. 16%: 88-98. 1869.
Trees or shrubs, covered with stinging hairs; leaves alternate, stipulate,
petioled; flowers small, green, in axillary panicles, usually dioecious; fruit a
small achene, surrounded by the fleshy calyx and resembling a berry.
Inflorescence not dichotomous; leaves entire or sinuate. Achene exceeding the
on LE ERE ae aes es AR Ey Erb ea Se a oe Se 1. U. microcarpa.
Inflorescence dichotomous or trichotomous; leaves crenate-dentate or coarsely
dentate.
Achene exceeding the calyx; leaves coarsely dentate_______- 2. U. baccifera.
Achene not exceeding the calyx; leaves closely crenate-dentate.
3. U. caracasana.
a
' STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 219
1. Urera microcarpa Wedd. Arch. Mus. Paris 9: 156. 1856.
Yucatin and Tabasco. Panama; Jamaica (type locality).
Shrub or small tree; leaves elliptic-oblong, 7 to 10 cm. long. “ Laol” (Yuca-
tin, Maya).
2. Urera baccifera (L.) Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 497. 1826.
_ Urtica baccifera L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1398. 1763.
Oaxaca; reported from Yucatan, and probably also in Tabasco cr Chiapas.
Central America, West Indies, and South America.
_ Shrub or small tree, 2 to 7 meters high, covered with stout stinging hairs;
leaves oval or rounded-cordate, 10 to 30 cm. long or larger; flowers small, in
eymes, whitish, the branches of the cymes red or purplish; fruit small, juicy.
white. ‘“ Ortiga de caballo” (Yucatan); “ chichicastle” (Oaxaca); “ chichi-
eazte” (Guatemala) ; “ chichicazte nigua ” (El Salvador) ; “ ortiga” (Panama,
Porto Rico) ; “ crtiga brava” (Porto Rico) ; “ pringamosa” er “ pringamoza”
(Colombia, Santo Domingo, Venezuela) ; “‘ guaina” (Colombia) ; “ chichicate,”
“ chichicastre”” (Cuba).
The fruit is said to be edible. In Yucatéin the shrub is planted for hedges.
The hairs sting the flesh severely and sometimes cause painful sores. The
branches are said to be used sometimes in Colombia as a rubefacient, and the
fiber separated from them is employed in Cuba and elsewhere for making rope
and twine. According to Grosourdy,* the root has been used in Porto Rico as
a popular remedy for gonorrhoea, and the juice of the leaves for chills in in-
termittent fevers, while diuretic properties are ascribed to the plant.
3. Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 154. 1859.
Urtica caracasana Jacq. Pl. Hori. Schénbr. 3: 71. pl. 386. 1798.
Urera caracasana tomentosa Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16*: 90. 1869.
Urtica chichicaztli Sessé & Moe. Pl. Noy. Hisp. 160. 1887.
Veracruz to Sinaloa, Chiapas, and Tabasco. Central America, West Indies,
and tropical South America; type from Caracas, Venezuela.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4 meters high, usually armed with slender stinging
hairs; leaves very variable in shape, rounded-ovate to rhombic-elliptic, cordate
to obtuse at base, acute or acuminate at apex, sparsely or densely pubescent;
flowers very small, greenish; fruit bright red at maturity. “Ortiga” (Vera-
cruz, Tabasco) ; “ mal hombre” (Veracruz) ; “ quemtdor ” (Sinaloa) ; “ chichi-
cazlilio” (Oaxaca) ; “ chichicaxtli.” “ mala mujer ” (Morelos, Sessé € Mocino) :
“tachinole” (Durango); “chichicaste” (Guatemala); “ortiga colorada”
(Porto Rico).
_ According to Reko, the Nahuatl name is “xio-patli” (ziotl, syphilis; patli,
remedy, medicine). He states that the plant is still used by the Indians of the
Sierra de Jufrez as a remedy for syphilis. Sessé and Mocifio state that the
shrub was sometimes planted for hedges. Palmer reports that in Durango it is
employed to cure the effects of poison ivy (Rhus toricodendron and related
species).
2. URTICASTRUM Fabr. Pl. Hort. Helmst. 204. 1759.
1. Urticastrum mexicanum (Liebm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 635. 1891.
Discocarpus mexicanus Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 309. 1851.
Urera platycarpa Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 18: 202. 1852. ;
Laportea mexicana Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 167: 84. 1879.
Veracruz and Oaxaca (type locality). Guatemala.
* René de Grosourdy, El médico botAnico criollo. 1864.
220 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, covered with slender stinging hairs, the trunk
thick, succulent, sparsely branched; leaves broadly ovate, crenate; flowers dioe-
cious; fruit a small thin orbicular achene.
3. BOEHMERIA Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 9. 1760.
REFERENCE: Weddell in DC. Prodr. 16 *: 195-218. 1869.
Shrubs or more commonly herbs; leaves opposite or alternate, 3-nerved;
flowers green, unisexual, panicled, glomerate, or spicate in the leaf axils; fruit
a small achene.
A few herbaceous species occur in Mexico besides those listed below. ‘The
best-known species of the genus is the ramie plant (‘‘ ramié,” “‘seda vegetal”’),
Boehmeria nivea (1...) Gaud., a large herb or small shrub which has been cul-
tivated in Mexico as well as elsewhere for its fiber. It differs from the native
Mexican species in having the leaves densely white-tomentose beneath. The
original home of the plant was probably China, but the species is now widely
dispersed in tropical regions.
Flowers in dense axillary glomerules_______--_________ heeled a 1. B. ulmifolia. —
Flowers in long dense spikes.
Stipules lance-ovate ; leaves copiously pubescent on the upper surface.
2. B. caudata.
Stipules lance-linear ; leaves glabrate on the upper surface____~_ 3. B. palmeri.
1. Boehmeria ulmifolia Wedd. Arch. Mus. Paris 9: 347. 1856.
Boehmeria fallax ulmifolia Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16 *: 198. 1869.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Guatemala.
Shrub, 1. 5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves broadly ovate, crenate.
2. Boehmeria caudata Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 34. 1788.
Boehmeria flagelliformis Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 310. 1851.
Veracruz to Oaxaca. Central America, West Indies, and tropical South
America.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 5 meters high; leaves ovate or lance-elliptic, closely
crenate, densely pubescent beneath.
The plant is said to give a very strong fiber. This is probably the plant de-
scribed by Sessé and Mocifio’* as Urtica spicata. That name belongs properly to
an Old World species of Boehmeria.
3. Boehmeria palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 453. 1887.
Known only from the type locality, Tequila, Jalisco.
Shrub, 2.5 meters high; leaves ovate, 7 to 13 cm. long; flower spikes often
leafy at the apex.
4. POUZOLZIA Gaud. in Freye. Voy. Bot. 503. 1826.
Shrubs; leaves usually alternate, 3-nerved, stipulate; flowers monoecious,
clustered in the leaf axils, the glomerules unisexual; fruit a small achene.
Leaves densely short-pilose beneath, not tomentose____________-- 1. P. palmeri.
Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath.
Leaves mostly 4 to 7 em. long, abruptly acuminate_________-__~-- 2. P. nivea.
Leaves mostly 1.5 to 4 em. long, rounded to acute at the apex__3. P. pringlei.
1. Pouzolzia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 453. 1887.
Rocky slopes of barraneas, Jalisco and Sinaloa to Morelos; type from
Guadalajara.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, with slender reddish brown branches; leaves
bright green, ovate or oval, acuminate; flowers very small, in dense axillary.
clusters.
* FIL. Mex. 235. 1896.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 221
2. Pouzolzia nivea S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 453. 1887.
Rocky slopes, Jalisco and Sinaloa to Veracruz; type from Guadalajara.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves ovate or oval, 3-nerved, very white
beneath.
P. latifolia Wedd.* was based on specimens said to have come from Mexico.
Its description suggests P. nivea.
8. Pouzolzia pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 476. 1998.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca.
Shrub similar to the last species but with much smaller leaves.
5. MYRIOCARPA Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 168. 1844.
REFERENCE: Weddell in DC. Prodr. 167: 235 *-235 **. 1869.
Trees or shrubs; leaves large, alternate, dentate, pinnately veined and some
what 3-nerved; stipules connate; flowers green, dioecious, the long stalks axil-
lary, solitary or clustered; fruit a small achene.
Leaf blades ovate-orbicular, cordate at the base______________ 1. M. cordifolia.
Leaf blades ovate or broadly ovate, obtuse or rounded or rarely subcordate at
the base.
Leaves serrate; pistillate peduncles slender, glabrate________ 2. M. longipes.
Leaves crenate; pistillate peduncles stout, densely pilose_38. M. brachystachys.
1. Myriocarpa cordifolia Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 306. 1851.
Veracruz and Puebla; type from forests near Colipa, Veracruz.
Tree, 4 to 5 meters high; leaves mostly 20 to 25 cm. long and nearly as wide;
fruit a small achene. “ Mal hombre” (Puebla).
2. Myriocarpa longipes Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 306. 1851.
Myriocarpa colipensis Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 306. 1851.
Veracruz to Colima and Chiapas. Central America; type from Costa Rica.
Shrub, 2.5 to 6 meters high; flowers in very long slender spikes. ‘‘ Cholagogue
Indio” (Oaxaca). f
The plant is sometimes used for hedges. In Oaxaca it is employed as a
remedy for malaria.
8. Myriocarpa brachystachys S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 152. 1891.
Jalisco; type from barranca near Guadalajara.
Shrub or small tree; leaves 7 to 17 cm. long, densely pubescent beneath.
Myriocarpa stipitata ambigua Wedd., described from Veracruz, is perhaps
the same as MM. longipes.
6. PHENAX Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 191. 1854.
Shrubs; leaves alternate, petiolate, toothed, 3 or 5-nerved; stipules free;
flowers green, monoecious, in dense axillary clusters, the bracts brown, scarious ;
fruit a compressed achene.
Leaf blades broadly ovate, thin, coarsely crenate_________________ IP. birtos:
Leaf blades ovate to lance-oblong, thick, finely and closely crenate.
2. P. mexicanus.
1. Phenax hirtus (Swartz) Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16 *: 235. 1869.
Urtica hirta Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oce. 1: 285, 1797.
Veracruz to Oaxaca. Central America, West Indies, and tropical South
America.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves mostly 5 to 11 ecm. long, green, glabrate,
long-petiolate, coarsely crenate.
*In DC, Prodr. 16°: 234. 1869. 7In DC. Prodr. 16*: 235. 1879.
222 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Specimens reported from Jalapa by Hemsley ' as P. sonneratii Wedd. prob-
ably belong here.
2. Phenax mexicanus Wedd. Arch. Mus. Paris 9: 500. 1856.
Phenaxz gaudichaudianus Wedd. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 1: 193. 1854.
Phenazr galeottianus Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 227. 1866.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central America.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves bright green, 3-nerved; flowers small, in ©
dense axillary clusters; fruit a small achene.
26. PROTEACEAE. Protea Family.
1. ROUPALA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 83. 1775.
1. Roupala borealis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 78. pl. 76. 1882.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from San Crist6bal, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous; leaves dimorphous, part of them pinnate,
with coarsely serrate leaflets, part of them simple, long-petiolate, ovate or ellip-
tic, long-acuminate, shallowly serrate; flowers small, in long slender spikes.
“Palo de zorrillo” (Oaxaca).
27. LORANTHACEAE. Mistletoe Family.
Shrubs, sometimes very small, parasitic upon the branches of trees or shrubs,
usually green but often red, brown, or yellowish and without chlorophyll;
leaves mostly opposite, entire, thick and leathery, frequently reduced to scales,
estipulate; flowers large or small, perfect or unisexual ; fruit a l-seeded berry.
The pulp of the fruit is extremely viscid, and if it comes in contact with
any object it can not be separated from it without great difficulty. The fruit ;
is eaten by birds and it is largely by their agency that the seeds are trans-
ported from one host to another. It is said that in Brazil a kind of rubber
has been extracted from the fruit, and that the leaves are used for tanning.
When one of the plants of this family is removed from its host there is
exposed upon the latter a curious structure which often assumes a flower-like
form. These “ wood flowers” or “ flores de madera” are well known in some
parts of tropical America, and various superstitions are associated with them.
Flowers not calyculate, very small.
Flowers in one rank on the joints of the inflorescence. Leaves developed.
1. DENDROPHTHORA.
Flowers in 2 or more ranks.
Flowers solitary in the axils of the bracts; leaves reduced to scales.
2. RAZOUMOFSKYA.
Flowers borne above the bracts on the axis of the spike; leaves often well
OES REIL GY 0 Yat bea ee ac tag Se ee atin a Ati we, ere dae Ese 3. PHORADENDRON.
Flowers calyculate, often large and showy.
Flowers sunk in the axis of the inflorescence_____-____ 4. ORYCTANTHUS.
Flowers not sunk in the axis of the inflorescence, sessile or pedicellate.
Flowers small, less than 1 cm. long_--_--_---______ 5. STRUTHANTHUS.
Flowers large, 2 em. long or larger.
Seeusnwitle CUCOSpermMe sn to ss teen eae See ereen 6. PHRYGILANTHUS.
Secdsawithout endosperm... 2 7. PSITTACANTHUS.
+Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3:161. 1883.
Ui
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 993
1. DENDROPHTHORA Hichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 5 7: 102. 1868.
1. Dendrophthora pedicellata Van Tiegh. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 48: 182. 1896.
Type from ‘ Mesa Chica.”
Stems terete; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3.5 to 5 em. long, obtuse or
rounded at apex, glabrous; spikes 1 cm. long, 2 or 3-jointed, the flowers pedi-
cellate.
2. RAZOUMOFSKYA Hoffm. Hort. Mosq. 1808.
1. Razoumofskya vaginata (H. B. K.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. 1: 587. 1891.
Viscum vaginatum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 445. 1817.
Arceuthobium cryptopodum Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 214. 1850.
Arceuthobium vaginatum Eichl, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 57: 105. 1868.
Sonora to Coahuila, Mexico, and Oaxaca; type from Cofre de Perote. Western
United States. On pines; reported also on Abies religiosa.
Plants 6 to 20 cm. high, often forming dense tufts, much branched, brownish;
leaves reduced to small seales; flowers spicate. ‘“ Ingerto” (Durango).
Hemsley * reports A. campylopodum Engelm. from Orizaba and A. oxycedri
Bieb. from Veracruz and Oaxaca. It may be that more than one species is
represented in the material examined by the writer, but there are no readily
apparent characters for their separation.
3. PHORADENDRON Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 185. 1847.
REFERENCE: Trelease, The genus Phoradendron, pp. 1-124, pl. 1-245. 1916.
Branches terete, angulate, or compressed; leaves opposite, sometimes reduced.
to scales; flowers usually dioecious, sessile or immersed in the rachis of a
spike.
Mistletoe plants are much used in the United States for Christmas decora-
tions, and on this account are of some commercial importance. The American
mistletoes are different from the true mistletoe of Europe, Viscum album L., but
some of them are similar to it in general appearance. The Spanish names
applied to the European mistletoe are “ muérdago,” ‘liga,’ and ‘ visco,” words
adopted in Spanish America for the native plants of the same family. The
species of Phoradendron often occur upon trees in such abundance as ultimately
to kill them. The fruit of some species has been reported as poisonous, but that
of other species is said to be edible. The species apparently are little used
in domestic medicine. The Coahuilla Indians of southern California are said
to use the dried and powdered stems of one species (growing on Juniperus) as
a remedy for saddle sores on horses. Ramfrez gives the names applied to
various species of doubtful identification as ‘‘ cabellera,” “liga,” “ visco cuer-
cino,” and “ chachahua.”
Stems with scales near the base of the branches; leaves always developed.
Pees present on ail the joimts_-- is Vo ene 20n 1. P. piperoides.
Seales present only on the basal joints of the branches.
Leaves pinnately nerved, oval or oblong-oval___________ 2. P. oliverianum.
Leaves palmately nerved.
Flowers mostly 2-ranked on each joint.
Stems quadrangular.
Fruit not tuberculate; leaves twice as long as broad_8. P. townsendi.
Fruit tuberculate; leaves nearly as broad as long__4. P. yucatanum.
Stems not quadrangular.
Spikes filiform; branchlets compressed____________-___ 5. P. wawrae.
Spikes stout; branchlets subterete________________ 6. P. vernicosum.
* Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 88-4. 1882.
224 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Flowers 4 to 6-ranked.
Fruit tuberculate.
eaves. 15 to o0 mm Withee = 2a eee 7. P. amplifolium.
Reaves 4.toy SMM. ww evs oS te ke he 8. P. carneum,
Fruit not tuberculate.
Branches sharply quadrangular.
Sepals closely meeting in fruit.
Spikes pedunculate 8 ee ee 9. P. tamaulipense.
Spikes: sessilezc.. SJuNs ti) oh) wines s 10. P. gaumeri.
Sepals not meeting in fruit.
eaves ‘subsessile! t.tahct ne bos saysieete 11. P. guazumae.
Hexrves petiolate s: 2) i- Pte al helt payne Fp 12. P. commutatum.
Branches terete or compressed.
Leaves small, 10 to 12 mm. long______________ 13. P. brevifolium.
Leaves large, 3 cm. long or usually much larger.
Leaves thin, sharply nerved.
Leaf blades ovate-oval_____-___________ 14, P, pachyarthron.
Leaf blades ovate-lanceolate to lance-linear.
Branchlets subterete___________________ 15. P. schumanni.
Branchlets compressed.
Bracts: usually 2pairs = ss ee yee 16. P. purpusi.
Bractsra simeley pate se sae eee 17. P. nervosum.
Leaves very thick and coriaceous.
Leaf blades oval-ovate______--____ 18. P. reichenbachianum.
Leaf blades lanceolate to linear.
Fruit ovoid.
Branchlets compressed; nerves coarse.
19. P. lanceolatum.
Branchlets not compressed ; nerves slender.
20. P. falcatum.
Wruiticlobose ei2 ee 22: pee bag tin des peed 21. P. forestierae.
Stems without scales on the branches; leaves sometimes reduced to scales.
Branches dbroadly winged 22: 6h jee $ nse pt ote, eye 22. P. calyculatum.
Branches not winged.
Pistillate flowers 2 to each joint. Plants parasitic chiefly on Pinaceae.
Leaves reduced to small seales, not disarticulating.
Plants puberulent; spikes several-jointed______~- 23. P. californicum.
Plants glabrous; spikes 1-jointed.
Seales strongly constricted at the base. On Juniperus.
24. P. ligatum.
Seales obscurely or not at all constricted.
Seales not constricted; plants stout, on Juniperus.
25. P. juniperinum.
Seales obscurely constricted; plants slender, pendent, on Libo-
COU TUS ane a ee hee ae 26. P. libocedri.
Leaves well developed or sometimes scalelike but disarticulating.
Reaves, scalelime 28s re Sees re hent eeet aeee 27. P. minutifolium.
Leaves well developed.
Leaves linear or linear-oblong.
Plants tomentose; spikes often with 2 or 3 joints.
28. P. capitellatum.
Plants papillose or hirtellous; spikes usually with one joint.
Staminate spikes about 12-flowered____~----- 29. P. tequilense.
Staminate spikes about 6-flowered___---__--- 30. P. saltillense.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 925
Leaves more or less spatulate.
Leaves. spatulate-linear_ 2) 250-28 ee 31. P. bolleanum.
Leaves oblanceolate-spatulate.
Spikes usually 2-jointed ; staminate spikes mostly 6-flowered.
32. P. guadalupense.
Spikes usually 1-jointed; staminate spikes 8 to 12-flowered.
Staminate spikes about 12-flowered; on Juniperus.
33. P. densum.
Staminate spikes about 8-flowered; on Abies and Cupressus.
34. P. pauciflorum.
Pistillate flowers 6 or more on each joint.
Branches compressed at the joints.
Leaves 10) to’ 25' ‘mm: “wide! 228. 449 rn) teeer 35. P. scaberrimum.
heavestOsto # mim: iwides._222h.F. eae pen ee 36. P. longifolium.
Branches not compressed.
Leaves mostly acute or attenuate, large (mostly 7 to 10 em. long),
DES CAN = 2+ A OUBNO Je 0 a oe ee ____37. P. velutinum.
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at the apex, or if acute very small.
Leaves small, usually 1 em. wide or less, if larger very long in pro-
portion to their breadth.
Plants persistently, tomentoses.2 292445 38. P. lanatum.
Plants not persistently tomentose, the pubescence sparse or soon
deciduous.
Fruit villous or hispid.
WeAVeSOVEal OL Ellipie as Ore sh OV ea 39. P. eduardi.
Leaves linear-oblanceolate to narrowly oblong.
Fruit retrorsely hispid. Sepals closed_____ 40. P. galeottii.
Fruit sparsely villous.
Sepals! closeds! Hr 1 a4 A sastings <a 41. P. peninsulare.
Sepals) Gp eine 22 te a a ee 42. P. palmeri.
Fruit glabrous or puberulent.
Leaves subacute, sessile_____-_-___-__- 43. P. mazatlanum.
Leaves very obtuse, usually petiolate.
Plants large, stout.
IZEUVESTSESSIl Omer ene eteet ae tren oe ne 44. P. globuliferum.
Leaves petiolate.
Plants! slabratesi220 ee 45. P. brachystachyum.
Plants densely pubescent throughout.
46. P. tlacolulense.
Plants small (of Baja California).
Leaves oval or: rounded__o2u2220 to le 47. P. aureum.
Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong________ 48. P. diguetii.
Leaves large, most of them 2 cm. wide or larger, never much elongate.
Fruit pubescent.
Leaf blades mostly 5 to 8 em. long___________ 49. P. robinsoni.
Leaf blades usually less than 4 cm. long.
Keaves-orbicular om meanlyeso2 22s.) 2 50. P. coryae.
Leaves elliptic or -obovate__.___.._-___- 51. P. tomentosum.
Fruit glabrous.
SDIKCSE VEL Ow-NISDIG te. sean a We 52. P. colipense.
Spikes glabrous, tomentose, or sparsely villous.
Spikes glabrous or sparsely villous.
Leaves suborbicular___--__________. 53. P. macrophyllum.
Leaves rounded-obovate_________________ 54. P. cockerellii.
226 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Spikes canescent-tomentose.
Staminate spikes 4 to 6 em. long______--___ 55. P. greggii.
Staminate spikes 2 em. long or shorter.
Staminate spikes (in flower) 1.5 to 2 cm. long.
56. P. engelmanni.
Staminate spikes 1 em. long______--_ 57.P. thyrsoideum.
1. Phoradendron piperoides (H. B. K.) Trel. Gen. Phorad. 145. 1916.
Viscum latifolium Swartz, Fl]. Ind. Oce. 1: 268. 1797. Not V. latifolium.Lam.
1789.
Loranthus piperoides H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 3: 443. 1818.
Viscum cornifolium Presl, Epim. Bot. 254. 1849.
Viscunr ellipticum Presl, Epim. Bot. 254. 1849.
Viscum laurifoliwm Presl, Epim. Bot. 255. 1849.
Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, and South America; type from
Popay4n, Colombia. On various dicotyledonous hosts.
Leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate, 6 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate; fruit
yellow or orange.
2. Phoradendron oliverianum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 136. pl. 201. 1916.
Veracruz; type from Mirador.
Leaves oval or elliptic, 4.5 to 6 em. long, obtuse or rounded at the apex;
spikes 2 to 3.5 cm. long.
8. Phoradendron townsendi Trel. Gen. Phorad. 112. pl. 162. 1916.
Known only from Socorro Island.
Leaves oblanceolate-oblong, 4 to 6 em. long, very obtuse; spikes 1 ecm. long.
4, Phoradendron yucatanum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 118. pl. 173. 1916.
Yucatan. .
Leaves cuneately obovate or suborbicular, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, rounded or
emarginate at the apex; spikes 5 to 10 mm. long.
5. Phoradendron wawrae Trel. Gen. Phorad. 94. pl. 128. 1916.
Veracruz; type from Tuxpan.
Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, 5 to 10 em. long, very obtuse; spikes 1 to
1.5 em. long.
6. Phoradendron vernicosum Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 250, 1897.
Yucatan, the type from Izamal; parasitic on Bumelia buvifolia and perhaps
on other plants.
Leaves elliptic, obovate, or lanceolate, 2.5 to 4 em. long, very obtuse; spikes
1 to 2 cm. long.
7. Phoradendron amplifolium Trel. Gen. Phorad. 59. pl. 68. 1916.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type collected between Piaxtla and Amolac,
Puebla.
Leaves oblanceolate-oblong to obovate-elliptic, very obtuse, 8 to 12 cm. long;
spikes 3 cm. long; fruit reddish, 6 to 7 mm. in diameter.
8. Phoradendron carneum Urban, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 28: Beibl. 5:1. 1897.
Jalisco to Querétaro and Oaxaca; type from Guadalajara; on Ipomoea and
Populus.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, 5 to 15 em. long; spikes 2 to 3 em.
long; fruit reddish orange, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter.
8. Phoradendron tamaulipense Trel. Gen. Phorad. 115. pl. 167. 1916.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Alvarado, Veracruz; on Saliz,
Populus, Mimosa, and Parmentiera.
Se ee ee ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. oo"
Leaves elliptic-obovate, obtuse, 3.5 to 5 em. long, subsessile; spikes 1.5 to 5 em.
long; fruit coral-red or deep orange. “ Ingerto,”* “ seca-palo” (Tamaulipas).
In Tamaulipas the plant is used with “chile color” (Capsicum) to make an
ointment applied for the relief of pain.
10. Phoradendron gaumeri Trel. Gen. Phorad. 114. pl. 167. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Izamal, Yucatan.
Leaves elliptic-obovate, obtuse, 2.5 to 3 cm. long; spikes 2 to 4 em. long.
11. Phoradendron guazumae Trel. Gen. Phorad. 104. pl. 148. 1916.
Sinaloa; type from Mazatlan; on Guazuma.
Leaves oblanceolate or obovate, 4 to 5.5 cm. long, very obtuse; spikes 1 to 2
em, long.
12. Phoradendron commutatum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 106. pl. 150, 151. 1916.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi and Tabasco; type collected between Guadalajara
and Tepic. Honduras and Nicaragua.
Leaves obovate, 3.5 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or acute; spikes 1.5 to 3 cm. long;
fruit red. ‘“ Cabellera” (Tabasco).
13. Phoradendron brevifolium Oliver, Nat. For. Kjébenhayn Vid. Medd. 1864:
176. 1864.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacfn, Puebla.
Leaves narrowly elliptic or oblong, 3 mm. wide, very obtuse, sessile; spikes
5 cm. long or shorter.
14. Phoradendron pachyarthron Hick]. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 57: 122. 1868.
Known only from Bafios, Hidalgo, the type locality.
Leaves 5 to 9 cm. long, obtuse, petiolate; spikes 2 cm. long.
15. Phoradendron schumanni Trel. Gen. Phorad. 62. pl. 71, 72. 1916.
Chihuahua, Durango, and Guanajuato; type from Jaral, Guanajuato; on
Quercus.
Leaves oblong-elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, 6 to 8 em. long, petiolate;
spikes 2 to 7 cm. long.
16. Phoradendron purpusi Trel. Gen. Phorad. 62. pl. 73. 1916.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan; on Quercus.
Leaves falcate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, 8 to 15 em. long, petiolate; spikes
5 em. long or shorter.
17. Phoradendron nervosum Oliver, Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1864:
175. 1864.
Phoradendron conzattii Trel. Gen. Phorad. 63. pl. 15, 1916.
Veracruz to Oaxaca; type from Colipa, Veracruz; reported on Annona,
Liquidambar styraciflua, Pyrus, and Quercus.
Leaves lanceolate, obtuse to attenuate, 9 to 30 cm. long, petiolate; spikes 2 to
6 em. long; fruit reddish.
18. Phoradendron reichenbachianum (Seem.) Oliver, Nat. For. Kjébenhavn
Vid. Medd. 1864: 175. 1864.
Viscum reichenbachianum Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 296. pl. 62. 1856.
Jalisco to Mexico; type from the Sierra Madre; on Quercus.
Leaves obtuse, 8 to 10 cm. long; spikes 8 to 5 em. long.
19. Phoradendron lanceolatum Engelm. Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 59. 1849.
Nuevo Leén; type from Rinconada; on Quercus.
Leaves 6 to 8 em. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, obtuse, subpetiolate ; spikes 83 to 4 cm.
long.
*“Tngerto” (often written “injerto”) is the Spanish word for “ graft,” a
term not inappropriate for mistletoe.
228 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
20. Phoradendron falcatum (Schlecht. & Cham.) Trel. Gen. Phorad. 65.‘1916.
Viscum falcatum Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 172. 1830.
Viscum schiedeanum DC. Prodr. 4: 671. 1830.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz; type from Jalapa; on Quercus.
Leaves 8 to 15 cm. long. 1.5 cm. wide, obtuse; spikes 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long,
21. Phoradendron forestierae Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 36.
1896.
Phoradendron pringlei Trel. Gen. Phorad. 60. pl. 70. 1916.
Hidalgo and Puebla; type collected between Tehuacfin and Esperanza Puebla ;
on Forestiera and Fravinus.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, 5 to 16 cm. long, obtuse or acute; spikes 1 to 4 cm.
long.
22. Phoradendron calyculatum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 54. pl. 62, 63. 1916.
Viscum falcatum Hook. Icon. Pl. 4: pl. 368. 1841. Not V. falcatwn Schlecht.
& Cham. 1830.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa; on Quercus.
Leaves narrowly falcate-lanceolate, obtuse, 15 to 25 cm. long; spikes 8 to 4
em. long.
23. Phoradendron californicum Nuit. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 185. 1848.
Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa. California (type locality) to Utah.
Reported on Acacia, Prosopis, Zizyphus, Parkinsonia, Olneya, Covillea, and
Microrhamnus.
Spikes 5 to 10 mm. long; fruit red, 8 mm. in diameter.
Russell’? reports that this plant is eaten by the Pima Indians of Arizona.
The stems bearing the fruit are boiled, and the fruit is then stripped off into
the mouth and eaten.
24. Phoradendron ligatum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 24. pl. 15. 1916.
Chihuahua and Durango; probably in Baja California. California, Oregon
(type locality), and Nevada. On Juniperus and Cupressus.
Spikes about 2 mm. long.
25. Phoradendron juniperinum Engelin. Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 58. 1849.
Chihuahua. Western Texas to Colorado, Utah, and Arizona; type from
Santa Fe, New Mexico. On Juniperus.
Spikes 3 mm. long; fruit yellowish or wine-colored.
According to Hough, the Hopi Indians of Arizona use the plant as a sub-
stitute for coffee.
26. Phoradendron libocedri (Engelm.) Howell, Fl. Northw. Amer. 1: 608. 1902.
Phoradendron juniperinum libocedri Engelm.; S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 105.
1880.
Baja California. California (type from Lassens Peak) and Oregon. On
Libocedrus decurrens.
Spikes 3 mm. long; fruit straw-colored.
27. Phoradendron minutifolium Urban, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 23: Beibl. 5: 2.
1897.
Veracruz; type from Llanos de Perote; on Juniperus.
Leaves acute, 2 to 3 mm. long; spikes 3 mm. long.
28. Phoradendron capitellatum Torr.; Trel. Gen. Phorad. 25. pl. 17. 1916.
Sonora. Western Texas to Arizona; type from New Mexico. On Juniperus.
Leaves 1 to 1.5 em. long, acute; spikes 5 mm. long; fruit straw-colored.
29. Phoradendron tequilense Trel. Gen. Phorad. 26. pl. 18. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Tequila, Jalisco. Reported on
“Thuya” (Cupressus or Juniperus?).
*Frank Russell, The Pima Indians, Ann, Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. 26. 1908.
~—=—— oe, Oe ee ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 929
Leaves 1 to 1.5 cm. long, acute, sessile; spikes 4 to 7 mm. long; fruit straw-
colored.
30. Phoradendron saltillense Trel. Gen. Phorad. 27. pl. 16. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, San Antonio de las Alazanes, near Sal-
tillo, Coahuila; on Juniperus.
Leaves 2 to 3 em. long, acute, sessile; spikes 5 to 6 mm. long.
$1. Phoradendron bolleanum (Seem.) Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 57: 184. 1868.
Viscum bolleanum Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 295. pl. 63. 1856.
Chihuahua and Durango; type from the Sierra Madre; on Juniperus; one
collection reported, perhaps erroneously, as on Arbutus.
Leaves 1 to 1.5 em. long, acute, sessile; spikes 8 mm. long; fruit straw-colored.
“TIngerto ” (Durango).
82. Phoradendron guadalupense Trel. Gen. Phorad. 29. pl. 22, 23. 1916.
Known only from Guadalupe Island, Baja California.
Leaves 1.5 to 3 cm. long, very obtuse, sessile; spikes about 1 cm. long.
83. Phoradendron densum Torr.; Trel. Gen. Phorad. 27. pl. 20. 1916.
Sonora. California and Oregon; type from Mount Shasta. On Juniperus.
Leaves 1.2 to 2 cm. long very obtuse, sessile; spikes 3 mm. long; fruit straw-
colored.
34. Phoradendron paucifiorum Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4*: 134. 1857.
Baja California. California (type locality) and Arizona. On Abies and per-
haps on Cupressus.
Leaves 2 to 3 em. long, obtuse, sessile; spikes 5 mm. long; fruit straw-
colored.
35. Phoradendron scaberrimum Trel. Gem. Phorad. 52. pl. 59. 1916.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Santa Teresa, Tepic.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, acutish to emarginate, 10 to 16 cm. long; spikes
2.5 em. long.
86. Phoradendron longifolium Hichl. (in Mart. Fl. Bras. 5 *: 107. 1868, nomen
nudum) ; Trel. Gen. Phorad. 53. pl. 60. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca.
Leaves linear-oblong, acutish, 10 to 14 cm. long; spikes 2.5 em. long.
387. Phoradendron velutinum (DC.) Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 185. 1847.
Viscum velutinum DC. Prodr. 4: 281, 1830.
Querétaro to Oaxaca; type from Toluca, Mexico. Guatemala. On Cornus,
Crataegus, Quercus, ete.
Leaves falcate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 1 to 2.5 em. wide; spikes 1.5 to
2 em. long.
38. Phoradendron lanatum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 45. pl. 46. 1916.
Querétaro to Oaxaca; type from Hacienda Ciervo y Cadereyta, Querétaro.
Leaves narrowly elliptic or obovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, acute or obtuse; spikes
1 em. long.
39. Phoradendron eduardi Trel. Gen. Phorad. 46. pl. 47. 1916.
Baja California; type from Carmen Island.
Leaves 1.5 to 2 cm. long, sessile, very obtuse; spikes 2.5 to 4 cm. long; fruit
creamy white, 4 mm. in diameter.
40. Phoradendron galeottii Trel. Gen. Phorad. 46, pl. 46. 1916.
Veracruz; type from Mirador; on Quercus.
Leaves 2 to 5 cm. long, obtuse; spikes 1.5 cm. long’ or shorter.
230 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
41. Phoradendron peninsulare Trel. Gen. Phorad. 50. pl. 55. 1916.
Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Leaves 1.5 to 3 em. long, very obtuse; spikes 1 to 2 em. long.
According to Trelease, this may be the pistillate form of P. diguett.
42. Phoradendron palmeri Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 28. 1904.
Known only from the type locality, AlvArez, San Luis Potosi; on Quercus.
Leaves 2 to 3.5 ecm. long, obtuse; spikes 0.5 to 2 em, long. “ Ingerto de
encina.”
43. Phoradendron mazatlanum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 47. pl. 48. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Mazatlan, Sinaloa.
Leaves spatulate-oblong, 3.5 to 4.5 em. long; spikes 2 em. long.
44, Phoradendron globuliferum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 48. pl. 51. 1916.
Vicinity of Guaymas, Sonora.
Leaves elliptic-obovate, very obtuse, 2 cm. long; spikes 0.5 to 2 em. long.
Perhaps not distinct from the next species.
45. Phoradendron brachystachyum (DC.) Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila, II. 1: 185. .
1847.
Viscum brachystachyum DC. Prodr. 4: 280. 1830.
Sonora to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type collected between Tampico
and Real del Monte; on Arbutus, Quercus, Jacquinia, Guaiacum, etc.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate to orbicular, very variable, 1.5 to 5 em. long; spikes
1 to 4.5 em. long.
46. Phoradendron tlacolulense Loes. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 536. pl. 20. 1894.
Oaxaca; type from Mitla.
Leaves orbicular or obovate, 1 to 2 em. long; spikes 5 mm. long.
47. Phoradendron aureum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 49. pl. 52. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Santa Cruz, Baja California.
Leaves 1 to 2 cm. long, short-petiolate ; spikes 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
48. Phoradendron diguetii Van Tiegh. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 31. 1895.
Phoradendron brachyphyllum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 49. pl. 53. 1916.
Phoradendron tumidum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 49. pl. 53. 1916.
Phoradendron saccatum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 50. pl. 55. 1916.
Baja California; on Quercus, Veatchia, Jatropha, ete.
Leaves 3 cm. long, short-petiolate; spikes 1.5 cm. long.
49. Phoradendron robinsoni Urban, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 23: Beibl. 5: 4. 1897.
Puebla and Guerrero; type from Tehuacin, Puebla; on Celtis.
Leaves oblanceolate or obovate, very obtuse, petiolate; spikes 2 to 8.5 cm.
long.
50. Phoradendron coryae Trel. Gen. Phorad. 48. pl. 44. 1916.
Phoradendron wilkinsoni Trel. Gen. Phorad. 44. pl. 45. 1916.
Chihuahua to Baja California. Western Texas to Arizona; type from Chiri-
ecahua Mountains, Arizona. On Quercus.
Leaves 1.5 to 3.5 em. long, short-petiolate; spikes 1.5 to 2 em. long; fruit
white.
51. Phoradendron tomentosum (DC.) Oliver, Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd.
1864: 176. 1864.
Viscum tomentosum DC. Prodr. 4: 670. 1830.
Viscum villosum Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 654. 1840.
Phoradendron villosum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 185. 1848.
Phoradendron puberulum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 42. pl. 43. 1916.
Chihuahua to Baja California and Hidalgo; type from ‘ Real de Catone.”
California and Oregon. On Celtis, Prosopis, Quercus, Platanus, Acacia, Aescu-
lus, Arctostaphylos. Populus, Rhus, Robinia, Saliz, ete.
a
ee ee eee eae, ee eee ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 931
Leaves 2 to 3.5 em. long, very obtuse, short-petiolate; spikes 1 to 3.5 em.
long; fruit white. The following names are reported, but they may apply to
other species: ‘“ Visco cuercino,” “liga” (Mexico); “ingerto” (Durango) ;
“silmo”’ (Sinaloa).
52. Phoradendron colipense Trel. Gen. Phorad. 37. pl. 33. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Colipa, Veracruz.
Leaves oblanceolate-elliptic, very obtuse, 5 to 8 cm. long; spikes 3.5 em.
long.
It is doubtful whether this and the following species are sufficiently distinct
from each other or from P. flavescens (Pursh) Nutt., of the eastern United
States.
53. Phoradendron macrophyllum (Engelm.) Cockerell, Amer. Nat. 34: 2938.
1900.
Phoradendron flavescens macrophyllum Engelm.; Rothr. in Wheeler, Rep.
U. S. Surv. 100th Merid. 6: 252. 1878.
Sonora, Arizona, the type from Camp Grant. On Alnus, Celtis, Fraxinus,
Juglans, Platanus, Populus, Salix, ete.
Leaves 2.5 to 6 cm. long, short-petiolate; spikes 1.5 to 5 em. long; fruit
white, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter.
54. Phoradendron cockerellii Trel. Gen. Phorad. 38. pl. 36. 1916.
Chihuahua. New Mexico and western Texas; type from Silver City, New
Mexico. On Populus, Salix, and Fraxinus.
Leaves 3.5 to 5.5 cm. long, petiolate; spikes 1.5 to 5 cm, long; fruit white.
.55. Phoradendron greggii Trel. Gen. Phorad. 36. pl. 22. 1916.
Coahuila and Nuevo Le6én; type from Rinconada, Nuevo Le6n; on Acacia and
Prosopis.
Leaves elliptic or broader, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. long, petiolate; fruit white.
56. Phoradendron engelmanni Trel. Gen. Phorad. 35 pl. 29-31. 1916.
Chibuahua. Western Texas; type from New Braunfels. On Celtis, Quercus,
Prosopis, ete.
Leaves obovate, 3 to 5 cm. long, short-petiolate; fruit white.
57. Phoradendron thyrsoideum Trel. Gen. Phorad. 36. pl. 33. 1916.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type from Victoria, Tamaulipas; on Pro-
sopis julifiora and Acacia farnesiana.
Leaves obovate-spatulate, 3 to 5 cm. long, short-petiolate; fruit waxy white.
“Ingerto blanco” (Tamaulipas).
4. ORYCTANTHUS Bichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 57: 87. 1868.
1. Oryctanthus glaberrimus (Oliver) Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 5 *: 89. 1868.
Loranthus glaberrimus Oliver, Nat. For. Kjobenhavn Vid. Medd. 1864: 170.
1864.
Known only from Guatulco, the type locality.
Plants glabrous, the branches compressed; flowers very small, sunk in the
axis of the spike.
5. STRUTHANTHUS Mart. Flora 13: 102. 1830.
Plants green, usually glabrous, parasitic upon dicotyledonous plants, the
branches terete or compressed ; leaves well developed, opposite; flowers small,
spicate, racemose, or corymbose.
Leaves small, 16 mm. long or shorter.
Branches densely pubescent; flowers cymose-capitate_-_-1. S. microphyllus.
55268—22 5
232 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Branches glabrous; flowers mostly solitary. ‘
: : a
Branchlets compressed ; leaves very obtuse____________ 2. S. inconspicuus, F,
Branchlets, terete; “leaves; acutish) 2=!02_ "4: beeen eee se 3. S. inornus, —
Leaves large, 3 cm. long or often much longer. F ‘
Leaves abruptly acuminate at apex. ‘
Flowers pedicellate; perianth 4.5 to 6 mm. long__________ 4. S. deppeanus. —
Flowers sessile; perianth less than 4 mm. long.
HLOWEr Clusters ‘Sesoiles es - Se ee eee ee eee 5. S. densiflorus,
Flower clusters pedunculate, the peduncles swollen and reflexed in fruit. —
6. S. quercicola.
Leaves rounded to acute at apex, never abruptly acuminate.
Leaf blades orbicular to elliptic, glaucescent; inflorescence loose, elongate,
interrupted.
Style contorted ; inflorescence usually shorter than the leaves.
7. S. venetus.
Style straight; inflorescence longer than the leaves__--__ 8. S. hartwegi.
Leaf blades oblong, lanceolate, linear, or oblong-obovate.
Inflorescence pene usually 3-flowered; leaves mostly obovate
*
i
‘
i
ay Fay ies ops Se ey oa» Se See wre ts Sie a ot: 2 ee ee 9. S. diversifolius. ©
Inflorescence sessile or nearly so; leaves mostly lanceolate to linear. i
heaves*mostly-2:5::t00-.0 Cin AWide_ 42 4 4.252020 Fae 10. S. grahami.
eaves mostiy-0:4 to. 12-em: wide’ © = Sa, Vee 11. S. haenkeanus. —
1. Struthanthus microphyllus (H. B. K.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 413. 1834.
Loranthus microphyllus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 489. pl. 300. 1818.
Jalisco to Morelos; type from Cuernavaca ; on Quercus, Solanum, ete.
Leaves lanceolate to ovate or almost linear, acute or acutish; flowers about
4 mm. long.
2. Struthanthus inconspicuus (Benth.) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20:
212. 1919.
Loranthus inconspicuus Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 102. 1844.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from San Blas, Tepic; on Randia, ete.
Leaves oblanceolate or obovate; branches greenish; flowers minute.
8. Struthanthus inornus (Robins. & Greenm.) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
20: 212. 1919.
Loranthus inornus Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 163. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Cuicatlin, Oaxaca.
Leaves oblanceolate or subulate.
4. Struthanthus deppeanus (Cham. & Schlecht.) Blume; Schult. Syst. Veg. 7:
1731. 1830.
Loranthus deppeanus Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 172. 1830.
Loranthus liebmanni Oliver, Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1864: 172.
1864. v
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, about 7 cm. long, petiolate.
Loranthus liebmanni was described from Chinantla, Oaxaca, and may be
different.
5. Struthanthus densiflorus (Benth.) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20:
212. 1919.
Loranthus densiflorus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 62. 1840.
Veracruz to Oaxaca; type from Hacienda del Carmen. Central America.
On Citrus, ete.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate, 6 to 10 cm. long; flowers verticillate along the
axis of a short spike.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 233
6. Struthanthus quercicola (Cham. & Schlecht.) Blume; Schult. Syst. Veg. 7:
1731. 1830.
Loranthus quercicola Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 173. 1830.
Loranthus crassipes Oliver, Nat. For. Kj6benhavn Vid, Medd. 1864: 173. 1864.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz; type from Jalapa; on Quercus, Acacia far-
nesiana, ete.
Leaves ovate or oval-ovate, 4 to 7.5 cm. long.
7. Struthanthus venetus (H. B. K.) Blume; Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 1731. 1830.
Loranthus venetus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 484. 1818.
Sinaloa to Guerrero and Tabasco; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos. Central
America.
Stems elongate, trailing or scandent, brownish; leaves 3 to 11 cm. long,
pale; flowers about 6 mm. long; fruit glaucous. “ Cabellera” (Tabasco).
It is probable that this is the plant described by Sessé and Mocifio* as
Loranthus volubilis. This is based on plants from Cuernavaca, and the Nahuatl
name is given as “ teapizmictianiquauhitl.”
8. Struthanthus hartwegi (Benth.) Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 212.
1919.
Loranthus hartwegi Benth. Pl. Hartw. 62. 1840.
Described from Talea, Oaxaca; parastic on Annona. Reported from Costa
Rica.
Leaves ovate-orbicular, 4 to 6.5 em. long; flowers 6 mm. long.
9. Struthanthus diversifolius (Benth.) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20:
212. 1919.
Loranthus diversifolius Benth. Pl. Hartw. 63. 1840.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known; specimens from Jalisco and
Colima seem to be closely related, and perhaps belong to this species.
Flowers about 1 cm. long.
10. Struthanthus grahami (Benth.) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 212.
1919.
Loranthus grahami Benth. Pl. Hartw. 62. 1840.
Morelos; perhaps also in Sonora and Sinaloa; reported from Veracruz and
Oaxaca; on Quercus, ete.
Leaves 15 em. long or smaller, short-petiolate, narrowed to an obtuse apex.
11. Struthanthus haenkeanus’* (Presl) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 2¢:
212. 1919.
Spirostylis haenkeana Presl; Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 163. 1829.
Loranthus spirostylis DC. Prodr, 4: 315. 1830.
Sonora to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco. On Celtis, Quercus, Nerium, etc.
Branches long and slender, drooping or sometimes twining; leaves linear to
lanecolate; fruit red or orange. ‘“ Toji” (Sonora).
i)
*Pi. Nov. Hisp. 51. 1887.
*Named in honor of Thaddeus Haenke (1761-1817), a Bohemian. He was
to have accompanied the Malaspina expedition executed during the reign of
Charles III, but he reached Cadiz the day after that organization had set sail.
He took another ship and sailed for Buenos Aires, proceeding to Chile, where
he joined Née, and with him journeyed to Mexico. Haenke’s Mexican collec-
tions were made along the road from Acapulco to the City of Mexico. He died
in Bolivia. His specimens are chiefly at Prague and Vienna. Presl published
two volumes under the title ‘“‘ Reliquiae Haenkeanae,’ based upon his col-
_lections.
234 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
LORANIHUS INTERRUPTUS H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 3: 440. 1817. Type from
Ario, Michoacan.
LORANTHUS TEHUACANENSIS Oliver, Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1864:
171. 1864. Described from Tehuacan, Puebla; reported from Oaxaca, Tabasco
and Guatemala. Perhaps of the genus Oryctanthus.
STRUTHANTHUS SELERORUM Loes. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 536. 1894. Type from
Matlatengo, Hidalgo.
6. PHRYGILANTHUS LHichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 5’: 45, 1868.
Plants glabrous, parasitic on dicotyledonous hosts, the branches terete;
flowers large and showy, solitary or cymose.
LCA AMES INCI Ol LOLCUG ee re eee ee meres eee ed ee 1. P. sonorae.
leat blades broadly spatulate-obovate___-— = ee eee 2. P. palmeri.
1. Phrygilanthus sonorae (S. Wats.) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 212.
1919.
Loranthus sonorae 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 73. 1889.
Baja California and Sonora; parasitic on Hlaphrium microphyllum; type
from Guaymas.
Plants glaucous, much branched; leaves slender, 4 to 6 mm. long; flowers
bright red, 4 cm. long. ‘ Ingerto” (Baja California).
2. Phrygilanthus palmeri (S. Wats.) Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
Nachtr. 1: 134. 1897.
Loranthus palmeri 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 488. 1886.
Chihuahua to Jalisco and Puebla, on species of Hlaphrium; type from Ha-
cienda San Miguel, Chihuahua.
Plants green, with stout reddish brown branches; leaves 2 to 2.5 cm. long,
petiolate, rounded at apex; flowers red, almost 4 cm. long.
7. PSITTACANTHUS Mart. Flora 13: 106. 1830.
Parasites, usually upon dicotyledonous plants, with green leaves; flowers
large, cymose or corymbose.
A plant of the family Loranthaceae and probably of this genus, growing on
the Pico de Orizaba, is said to be known locally as “ planta quebradora.” The
species of Psittacanthus (Greek for “ parrot-flower’”’) have more showy flowers
than the Mexican representatives of other genera of the family.
Perianth velutinouset 2" on 2 Sabet es Otero ee 8 IA 1. P. mexicanus.
Perianth glabrous.
Branches all terete, or nearly so.
Anthers 5 to 6 mm. long; leaves cordate-clasping, glaucous.
2. P. auriculatus.
Anthers about 18 mm. long; leaves obovate-elliptic____3. P. macrantherus.
Branches usually quadrangular, at least more or less angulate.
Flowers 6.5 to 8 cm. long; leaves attenuate___-_________ 4. P. schiedeanus.
Flowers 3 to 5 em. long.
Buds terete; perianth lobes dilated; leaves ovate or broadly cordate,
70) 0) £1 Saami I atoning een acl chic 5. P. karwinskyanus.
Buds clavate; perianth lobes linear; leaves never cordate.
Leaves usually faleate or very oblique, attenuate to the apex.
6. P. calyculatus.
Leaves not falecate, rounded or very obtuse at the apex.
7. P. americanus.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 935
1. Psittacanthus mexicanus (Presl) Blume; Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 1730. 1830.
Loranthus mexicanus Presl; Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 129. 1829.
Described from Mexico, the locality not indicated.
2. Psittacanthus auriculatus (Oliver) Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 57: 25. 1868.
Loranthus auriculatus Oliver, Nat. For. Kjobenhavn Vid. Medd. 1864: 174.
1864.
Oaxaca; type from Pochutla.
Plants glaucous throughout, glabrous; leaves 3 to 4.5 em. long, rounded at
apex; flowers about 4 cm. long.
8. Psittacanthus macrantherus Wichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 5*: 26. 1868.
Sierra San Pedro Nolasco; said to be parasitic on pines.
Leaves 6 to 7.5 cm. long; flowers 5.5 to 6.5 ecm. long.
4. Psittacanthus schiedeanus (Cham. & Schlecht.) Blume; Schult. Syst. Veg.
7: 1730. 1830.
Loranthus schiedeanus Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 172. 1830.
Loranthus kerberi Fourn. Bull. Soe. Bot. France 80: 185. 1883.
Veracruz to Michoacin and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa; on Salix, ete. Cen-
tral America.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate, 6 to 16 cm. long, asymmetric, short-petiolate,
green ; flowers numerous, corymbose. “ Lirio,’ “ muérdago,” “ sileno” (Oaxaca).
5. Psittacanthus karwinskyanus (Schult.) Eichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 5*: 26.
1868.
Loranthus karwinskyanus Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 1641. 1830.
Described from Sultepec, Mexico; parasitic on Annona reticulata.
Leaves about 12.5 cm. long, 7.5 to 10 em. wide; flowers almost 5 cm. long.
6. Psittacanthus calyculatus (DC.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 415. 1834.
Loranthus calyculatus DC. Mém. Lorant. pl. 10. 1830.
Tamaulipas to Jalisco, Chiapas, and Yucatén; type from ‘“ Cuarcavara ”
(Cuernavaca ?). Central America. Parasitic on Persea, Acacia, Prosopis,
Quercus, Pithecollobium, Prunus persica, Citrus, Olea, Nerium, Saliz, ete.
Plants often a meter high; leaves mostly lanceolate, green; flowers red or
yellow, showy. “Chac-xciu” (Yucatén, Maya); “ingerto” (Jalisco, Guana-
juato); “batuu-cha” (Oaxaca, Seler); “ visco,’ “viseco cuercino,” “ quauh-
zitli,” “mal de ojo,” “muérdago”’ (Morelos, Ramirez); “malojo” (Jalisco) ;
“ingerto de aguacate” (Tamaulipas); “liga” (Valley of Mexico, Ramirez) ;
“quauhtzictli’’ (Mexico, Morelos, Ramirez); ‘“ yecapixtla’”’ (Cervantes).
A decoction of the leaves and flowers is said to be used for treating wounds,
and the distilled water as a cosmetic.
7. Psittacanthus americanus (Jacq.) Mart. Flora 13: 108. 1830.
Loranthus americanus Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 97. pl. 67. 1763.
Tepie to Chiapas and Veracruz; reported from Yucatéin. Central America;
West Indies.
Leaves 6 to 10 cm. long, green, short-petiolate; flowers corymbose, bright
red. “Ingerto” (Guerrero, Michoacan); ‘‘xken” (Yucatén, Maya, Dondé).
28. OPILIACEAE. Opilia Family.
This family is omitted in the key to families. In that, pistillate specimens
would run to the family Urticaceae (p. 22), with which the present group would
scarcely -be confused; and staminate specimens would run to the family Ola-
caceae (Pp. 26). The only Mexican genus of the latter family with distinct petals
236 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
is Ximenia, in which they are densely hairy within, while in edie: the
petals are glabrous within.
1. AGONANDRA Miers (Ann. Nat. Hist. II. 8: 172. 1851, nomen nudum) ;
Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 349. 1862.
REFERENCE: Standley, The North American species of Agonandra, Journ.
Washington Acad. Sci. 10: 505-508. 1920.
Shrubs or small trees, glabrous or nearly so, with slender, often pendulous
branches; leaves alternate, entire, petiolate, stipulate; flowers small, in brac-
teate axillary racemes, usually dioecious; calyx minute, 4 or 5-lobate; stami-
nate flowers with 4 or 5 narrow petals, the stamens 4 or 5, exserted, 4 small
scales present below the stamens; pistillate flowers apetalous, the disk urceolate,
surrounding the ovary; fruit fleshy, drupaceous.
Only one other species of the genus is known, a native of Brazil and Colombia.
Leaves acute or acuminate; young branches glabrous________ 1. A. racemosa.
Leaves rounded or obtuse at apex; young branches puberulent.
UPA RU Ye cough 00) 0.0 a (0p 0 | peepee ce Mel apes ae napster tated Jp-aebiewosiwad ty keds iad 8 2. A. obtusifolia.
| ERECT; LES ns OW Ca 0 01a a et Seas i 5 OE, nin She el a seat panp ie e gce 3. A. conzattii,
i. Agonandra racemosa (DC.) Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 10:
506. 1920.
Schaefferia racemosa DC. Peace 2:41. 1825.
Sonora to Guerrero; originally described from one of Sess¢ and Mocino’s
plates.
Shrub or small tree, 4 to 5 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves lanceo-
late to broadly ovate-elliptic, 3 to 7.5 cm. long, acute to broadly rounded at base,
acute or acuminate at apex or sometimes obtuse and abruptly short-pointed ;
Staminate flowers 2.5 mm. long, greenish; fruit subglobose, about 8 mm. long.
“Palo del golpe”’ (Michoacfin, Guerrero).
2. Agonandra obtusifolia Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 10: 507, 1920.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Victoria, Tamaulipas.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, with spreading branches; leaves short-petiolate,
narrowly oblong to ovate, 2 to 5 em. long, cuneate at base, somewhat succulent ;
staminate flowers 2.5 mm. long; fruit yellow, not edible. ‘ Granadillo,” * revi-
enta cabra’”’ (Tamaulipas).
8. Agonandra conzattii Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 10: 508, 1920.
Oaxaca and Puebla; type from Portillo de Coyula, Distrito de Cuicatlin,
Oaxaca.
Leaves short-petiolate, oblong, lanceolate, or oblong-ovate, 2 to 2.5 em. long,
cuneate at base, succulent, the petioles minutely puberulent. ‘‘ Maromero”
(Oaxaca).
29. OLACACEAE. Olax Family.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves alternate, estipulate, entire; flowers small,
perfect, in cymes or racemes; calyx 4 or 5-dentate; corolla 4 to G-lobed; stamens
inserted with the perianth; fruit a drupe.
Stamens twice as many as the perianth lobes; perianth cleft nearly to the base,
the, lobes densely, barbate. within __.____.- __.— 4 =---.—-— =< 1. XIMENTA.
Stamens as many as the perianth lobes; perianth lobed to the middle or less
deeply, the lobes sparsely or not at all barbate______--__ 2. SCHOEPFIA.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 237
1. XIMENTA’ L. Sp. Pl. 1193. 1793.
Shrubs or small trees, sometimes with spinose branchlets; leaves subcori-
aceous; flowers whitish, solitary or in small axillary cymes; calyx 4 or 5-den-
tate; corolla 4 or 5-lobed.
Leaves and outer surface of the petals densely pubescent_____ 1. X. pubescens.
Leaves and outer surface of the petals glabrous.
Petioles 4 to 10 mm. long; leaves mostly 1.5 to 3.5 em. wide; petals 7 to 10
mmm. long, densely long-barbate within________________ 2. X. americana.
Petioles 3 mm. long or shorter; leaves 0.6 to 1.5 em. wide; petals 5 to 6 mm.
FON GHOL CALA te Se Rene See ee OEE Ten eae 2 3. X. parviflora.
1. Ximenia pubescens Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 212. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, between Mixtepec and Colotepec, Oaxaca.
Spiny shrub, the leaves small, mostly orbicular.
2. Ximenia americana L. Sp. Pl. 1193. 1753.
Veracruz to Colima, Chiapas, and Yucatan. Florida, West Indies, Central
America, South America, and in the tropics of the Old World.
Spiny shrub or small tree, in some parts of its range 6 meters high; bark
smooth, reddish, very astringent; leaves oblong or elliptic, 3 to 7 cm. long,
pale beneath, rounded at apex; flowers yellowish white, fragrant; fruit yellow,
subglobose, 1.5 to 2 em. in diameter, with peculiar odor and acid flavor; wood
hard, tough, close-grained, yellow, its specific gravity about 0.92. ‘‘ Xkuk-ché”
(Yucatan, Maya); “ pepe nance” (El Salvador) ; ‘‘ chocomico” (Nicaragua) ;
“Jimoncillo” (Colombia); ‘ yana,’ ‘“ jia manzanilla,”’ ‘ciruelo cimarr6n,”’
“ciruelillo” (Cuba); “ manzanilla” (Guatemala, Honduras); “albarillo del
campo” (Argentina).
The fruit, which resembles a plum in appearance, is edible, either raw or
cooked. It is stated that oil has been extracted from the seeds in Brazil. The
fruit is said to have purgative properties, and Grosourdy states that a sirup
made from it is used in the West Indies for dropsy, rheumatism, etc. The
plant is seldom large enough to furnish wood of importance, but the wood has
sometimes been employed as a substitute for sandalwood (Santalum), which
it somewhat resembles. In Florida and the British West Indies this species
is known under various names, such as “hog plum,” “ tallow-wood,”’ “ moun-
tain plum,” “ false sandalwood,” and “ wild olive.”
8. Ximenia parviflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 7. 1839.
San Luis Potosi to Sinaloa and Oaxaca; type from Leén, Guanajuato.
Spiny shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with angled branches, the lower ones long
and slender; leaves oblong or obovate; fruit globose, yellow. “ Ciruelillo”
(Guanajuato).
The fruit is edible.
*The genus was named in honor of Francisco Ximénez, a native of Luna in
the Kingdom of Aragén. In the early years of his life he was a soldier, and in
1605 he came to New Spain. He became a lay brother of the Convento de
Santo Domingo de México February 25, 1612. The date of his death is not
known. In 1615 there was published in the City of Mexico under his author-
ship a volume entitled ‘‘ Quatro libros de la naturaleza y virtudes de las plantas,
y animales que estan receuidos en el uso de medicina en la Nueva Espana, y la
méthodo, y correcci6n, y preparacién, que para administrarlas se requiere con lo
que el Doctos Francisco Hernandez escriuié en lengua Latina.’ This was re-
printed at Morelia in 1888. Ximénez’s work is not a mere translation of Her-
nandez, but contains much original information upon Mexican plants.
238 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. SCHOEPFIA Schreb. Gen. Pl. 129. 1789.
Glabrous shrubs or small trees; leaves coriaceous; flowers in short axillary
racemes, or solitary or fasciculate in the leaf axils; calyx small, cuplike, ob-
securely denticulate; corolla 4 to 6-lobed.
Leaf blades narrowly oblanceolate or rarely obovate_______~— 1. S. californica.
Leaf blades lanceolate to broadly ovate.
Perianth about 3 mm. long, the lobes nearly as long as the tube.
2. S. angulata.
Perianth 4 to 6 mm. long, the lobes much shorter than the tube.
PeniantiimsoaGied => seu: See oie Si ae. 2 ee 3. S. mexicana.
Perianth 4-parted.
Perianth 4 to 5 mm. long, the lobes half as long as the tube or longer;
leaves mostly 1:8 to 3!5'em.widell 20s nie) es 4. S. schreberi.
Perianth 6 to 7 mm, long, the lobes one-third as long as the tube or
shorter ; leaves scarcely more than 1 cm. wide____~- 5. S. parvifolia.
1. Schoepfia californica T. S. Brandeg. Proe. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 139. 1889.
Southern Baja California; type from San Gregorio.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high, with stiff divaricate branches, the
older branches whitish; leaves glaucous, puberulent; flowers reddish yellow;
fruit oval, 6 mm, long.
2. Schoepfia angulata Planch.; Heinsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 5. 1878.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan.
Shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves lanceolate or ovate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, bright
green; flowers small, yellow.
8. Schoepfia mexicana A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 14: 622. 1856.
Known only from the type locality. Tlacolula, Oaxaca.
Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, 2.5 to 3 em. long, obtuse.
4. Schoepfia schreberi Gmel. Syst. Veg. 2: 376. 1791. .
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz to Colima and Yueatéin. Central America,
West Indies, and northern South America.
Shrub or tree, 1.8 to 6.5 meters high; leaves broadly ovate, obtuse or acute,
bright green; flowers yellow or greenish.
5. Schoepfia parvifolia Planch. ; Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 5. 1878.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca.
Glabrous shrub or tree, sometimes 7 meters high, with a trunk 40 ecm. in
diameter, the branches stiff, gray; leaves ovate or oval, 2 to 3 em. long, obtuse,
bright green. ‘ Palo fierro,” “ tecolotillo”’ (Sinaloa).
The wood is said to be heavy and blackish, and to be valued for carpenter
work.
30. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Birthwort Family.
1. ARISTOLOCHIA L. Sp. Pl. 960. 1753.
REFERENCE: Duchartre in DC. Prodr. 15*: 432-498. 1864.
Erect or usually scandent plants; leaves alternate, entire or lobate; inflor-
escence axillary (sometimes borne at the base of the plant), the peduncles 1-
flowered and solitary, fasciculate, or racemose, the perianth very variable in
form ; fruit a capsule.
It is difficult to determine from herbarium specimens or descriptions which
species are fruticose and which herbaceous; perhaps other species should be
included and some of those in the present list excluded. A number of herbaceous
species oceur in Mexico.
The species are highly valued in tropical America as a remedy for snake bites.
Whether they have any real value for this purpose is uncertain. The Nahuatl
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 239
name is “ tlacopatl’”’ (trumpet-medicine). In modern usage this has been modi-
fied to ‘‘ tacopate,” “ tacopatle,” “ tacopaxtle,” ‘‘ tacopaste,” ete.
Calyx limb with 3 long linear lobes.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface; calyx lip about 10 cm. long.
1. A, tricaudata.
Leaves pubescent on the upper surface; lip about 5 em. long.
2. A. malacophylla.
Calyx limb not 3-lobate.
Leaf blades rounded at the base; plants ereect________________ 3. A. arborea.
Leaf blades cordate at the base; plants scandent or trailing.
Stems and margins of the leaves pilose with long brown hairs.
4. A. pilosa.
Stems and margins of the leaves without long brown hairs, often glabrous.
Leaves sessile, densely soft-pilose beneath________ 5. A. asclepiadifolia.
Leaves long-petiolate, puberulent or glabrous beneath.
Calyx very large, the limb 18 to 35 cm. broad. Leaves deltoid-cordate,
puberulént/_bened the r swt i erly T_ereelt ooy 6. A. grandiflora.
Calyx smaller, the limb less than 8 cm. broad, often much less.
Leaves puberulent beneath.
Leaf blades deltoid-cordate, deeply cordate at base.
7. A. pavoniana,
Leaf blades oval or oblong, shallowy cordate at base.
Leaf blades ovate, glabrous on the upper surface, subcordate at
pases Howers Solitary sess Soe ee aes 8. A. ovalifolia.
Leaf blades oblong, puberulent on the upper surface, cordate at
base’; flowers racemose_22 U1? _ i yolk bt 9. A. maxima.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Leaves acute or acutish, subcordate at base, green beneath; calyx
dit, tor 8 ‘ent “wide. Ase ue nes, aT 10. A. odoratissima.
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex, deeply cordate at base,
pale or glaucous beneath ; calyx limb less than 2.5 em. wide.
Calyx limb somewhat bilobate, the large lobe acute or acumi-
mates —~ OJ OAD Pe NR _. Eth Gi 11. A. pardina.
Calyx limb not bilobate, obtuse_______________ 12. A. taliscana.
1. Aristolochia tricaudata Duchartre, Ill. Hort. Lem. 12: pl. 523. 1865.
Chiapas; the plant has been cultivated in European greenhouses.
Arborescent, with gray fissured bark; leaves oblong, 12.5 to 20 cm. long, acute
or acuminate, pubescent beneath ; flowers axillary, solitary, odorless, the calyx
limb with 3 long narrow lobes, maroon outside, dark purple-brown within.
2. Aristolochia malacophylla Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 65. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, Salto de Zararacua, Uruapam, Michoacan.
Leaves oval, 12.5 cm. long, cordate at the base.
3. Aristolochia arborea Linden; Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 5295. 1862.
Chiapas, the type locality. Guatemala.
Erect shrub,-2 meters high, the trunk with corky bark; leaves narrowly ob-
long, about 30 cm. long; flowers clustered near the base of the stem.
4. Aristolochia pilosa H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 116. pl. 113. 1817.
Aristolochia ferruginea T. S. Brandeg. Uniy. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 51. 1914.
Oaxaca and Chiapas. Central America to Ecuador (the type locality).
Stems slender, scandent; leaves cordate, obtuse or acutish; calyx limb 4 to 5
em. long. “ Sombrerito,’” ‘‘ hediondilla” (Guatemala).
5. Aristolochia asclepiadifolia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 178.
1915.
Known only from the type locality, Consoquintla, Veracruz.
940 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves oval, 8 to 18 em. long, deeply cordate at base, rounded and short-
pointed at apex.
6. Aristolochia grandiflora Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1566. 1806.
Chiapas and Yucatéin; reported from Veracruz. Central America and the
West Indies; type from Jamaica.
High-climbing vine; leaves large, cordate, acute, nearly glabrous; calyx very
large, the limb sometimes 45 cm. long, with a linear tip a meter long, yellowish
and purple-spotted inside, the flowers with a disagreeable odor. ‘‘ Guaco”
(Veracruz, Ramirez); “flor de pato” (Yucatéin); ‘ giiegiiecho,’ ‘ chompipe ”
(Nicaragua) ; ‘ moco de gtiegiieche ” (El Salvador).
The roots are reputed to be an antidote for the bites of snakes and other
poisonous animals, and to have sudorific, abortive, and emmenagogue properties.
Descourtilz states that the plant is poisonous to pigs, and that it was some-
times employed in the West Indies to poison human beings. The young shoots
are reported to be eaten as a vegetable in some localities.
7. Aristolochia pavoniana Duchartre, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 2: 55. 1854.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known.
Leaves about 6 cm. long, acute; flowers axillary, solitary, the calyx limb 1.4
em, long.
8. Aristolochia ovalifolia Duchartre, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 2: 50. 1854.
Known only from Oaxaca, the type locality, at an altitude of 660 meters.
Leaves 15 em. long, subacuminate; calyx limb 2.3 em. long. ‘ Flor de guaco.”
9. Aristolochia maxima L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1361. 1763.
Reported from Yucatan. Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Leaves 9 to 15 em. long, rounded or obtuse at apex and often short-pointed ;
flowers large, racemose; capsule about 9 em. long. “Guaco del sur” (Yuca-
tin); ‘‘guaco” (Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela); “ contracapitano” (Ven-
ezuela) ; ‘‘ cuajilote”” (Costa Rica).
This, like many of the other species, is considered an antidote for snake
bites. A closely related plant, possibly the same species, occurs in Tabasco,
where it is known as “canastilla” and “farolito.’ It is reported that the
young fruits are eaten in Costa Rica.
10. Aristolochia odoratissima L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 13862. 1763.
Tabasco and perhaps elsewhere. Central America and northern South
America.
Leaves deltoid-cordate, acute or acutish, sometimes 3-lobate; calyx limb
broad, about 10 em. long. ‘‘ Coecoba,” ‘ cococoba”’ (Tabasco).
11. Aristolochia pardina Duchartre, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 2: 47. 1854.
Colima and Guerrero; type from Colima.
Stems scandent, with corky bark; flowers greenish yellow, with black mark-
ings. ‘‘Guaco” or *“ huaco” (Colima); “ bejuco amargo” (Guerrero).
The stems are used as a substitute for cordage, and an infusion of the leaves
for fevers.
12. Aristolochia taliscanat Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 309. 1839-40.
Aristolochia galeottii Duchartre, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 2: 44. 1854.
Sinaloa, Tepic, and Jalisco (type locality).
*The specific name is more properly, perhaps, written as “ jaliscana,’’ but
“taliscana” is the original spelling.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 241
Similar in general appearance to the last species; a slender yine with stems
2 to 3 meters long; capsules about 3 cm. long. ‘*‘ Huaco,” “ zapatito,” “ palito,”
“matanene del mar” (Sinaloa).
In Sinaloa the plant is highly esteemed as a remedy for the bites of snakes
and other poisonous animals.
31. POLYGONACEAE. Buckwheat Family. :
Shrubs or trees, sometimes scandent; leaves alternate or rarely opposite or
verticillate, entire, stipulate, the stipules often united into a sheath; flowers
mostly small, perfect or unisexual; corolla none; fruit a lenticular or 3-angled
achene, usually surrounded by the persistent calyx.
Several other genera, all of whose species are herbaceous, occur in Mexico.
Plants with tendrils in the inflorescence, scandent_____-______ 7. ANTIGONON.
Plants without tendrils.
Flowers one or more inside an involucre.
Leaves alternate; involucre not accrescent in fruit, not colored; flowers
Perec ee tetra Wiel ee Ae ett Da teipe GigE ee 1. ERIOGONUM.
Leaves opposite; involucre accrescent in fruit, red or purplish; flowers uni-
Sexpmaletoss4..2 fee 22) yee esse ee TE a eT 2. HARFORDIA.
Flowers not involucrate.
Flowers normally 5-parted.
Perianth lobes not winged.
ESTONV,GES paUINTES CoNCUT SU) ee 3. MUHLENBECKIA.
ESTOS OTS SGI CC Cleese aaa ee ee a ee ee eS 4, COCCOLOBA.
Perianth lobes winged.
Leaves orbicular ; pedicels not winged; fllaments pubescent.
5. NEOMILLSPAUGHIA.
Leaves not orbicular; pedicels winged ; fllaments glabrous.
6. PODOPTERUS.
Flowers 6-parted or rarely 3-parted.
Flowers perfect ; perianth segments broadly ovate__8. GYMNOPODIUM.
Flowers dioecious; perianth segments of the fertile flowers long and
narrow. —
Stamens numerous; fruit acutely trigonous_____-__-- 9. TRIPLARIS.
Stamens 9; fruit 3 to 6-suleate, the angles obtuse.
10. RUPRECHTIA.
1. ERIOGONUM Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 246. 1803.
Low shrubs, often tomentose; flowers surrounded by an involucre, the in-
volucres spicate, umbellate, capitate, or cymose, the flowers small but often
rather showy. '
Numerous herbaceous species occur in northern Mexico. Most of the species
of the genus grow in arid places.
eaves not at ‘all tomentose. ati _ et ay Te) te 1. E. orcuttianum.
Leaves tomentose on one or both surfaces.
Perianth densely pubescent.
Perianth narrowed to a stipelike base; plants low, with depressed stems.
2. E. undulatum.
Perianth without a stipelike base; plants tall, much branched__3. E molle.
242 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Perianth glabrous or nearly so.
Involucres in heads or cymes.
Leaf blades spatulate or rounded-rhombic, densely tomentose on both
sides, the margins not revolute__--_+_--+_--_-+--1-4 4. E. pondii.
Leaf blades linear, oblong, or oblanceolate, glabrate on the upper sur-
face, the margins strongly revolute_____________ 5. E. fasciculatum,
Involucres racemose or spicate.
INVOICES TN OWELCO == ae ee eee 6. E. taxifolium.
Involucres several-flowered.
branches: Erect. slender =. Sis ee ae 7. E. wrightii.
Branches’ Givaricate; “Very StOUL= 2-2 se ee 8. E. nodosum.
1. Eriogonum orcuttianum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 371. 1885.
Baja California; type from Cantillas Mountains.
Shrub, about a meter high, with tortuous branches, the bark brownish and
fissured; leaves rounded-obovate; branches of the inflorescence divaricate, the
flowers whitish.
2. Eriogonum undulatum Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 7. 1856.
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo.
Low depressed shrub; leaves oval to oblanceolate, white-tomentose beneath,
long-petiolate; involucres umbellate or solitary; flowers white, showy.
This has been reported from Mexico as EF. jamesii Benth., a name probably
synonymous with H. undulatum.
3. Eriogonum molle Greene, Pittonia 1: 207. 1888.
Known only from the type locality, Cedros Island, Baja California.
Erect shrub, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves oval or ovate, thick, white beneath;
involucres in a dense long-pedunculate cyme.
=
4, Eriogonum pondii Greene, Pittonia 1: 267. 1889.
Baja California; type from Cedros Island.
Low depressed shrub; leaves about 1 cm. long; flowers white or pink.
5. Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 411. 1837.
Baja California. California (type locality), Nevada, and Arizona.
Shrub, 0.6 to 1 meter high; leaves short, often fascicled, white-tomentose
or glabrate; flowers white.
The Coahuilla Indians of southern California use a decoction of the leaves
for pains in the head or stomach, and a decoction of the flowers as an eye
wash. .
6. Eriogonum taxifolium Greene, Pittonia 1: 267. 1889.
Known only from Cedros Island, Baja California.
Low, slender, much branched shrub; leaves linear; fiowers white, the invo-
lucres in long interrupted spikes.
7. Eriogonum wrightii Torr.; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14: 15. 1856.
Chihuahua and Sonora to San Luis Potosi; Baja California (?). Western
Texas (type locality) to southern California.
Cespitose shrub, 30 to 60 cm. high, white-tomentose throughout; leaves oval
to oblong; flowers white.
8. Eriogonum nodosum Small, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 49. 1898.
Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from Dos Cabezas.
Densely tomentose shrub, 0.8 to 1 meter high.
2. HARFORDIA Greene & Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 5: 27. 1888.
Low, densely branched shrubs, with stiff gray branches; leaves very small,
fleshy, spatulate; flowers axillary, the sepals in fruit large, reddish, conspicu-
ously veined.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 243
Plants fruticose only at the base, the branches slender; leaves linear to spatu-
USN G2 Ck Biba sok S08 See oe ee oe ee a eg 1. H. macroptera.
Plants woody almost throughout, the branches very stout; leaves broadly spatu-
eRe Se ee es ES a eee a hla od cope prea igen: an LN) 2. H. fruticosa.
1. Harfordia macroptera (Benth.) Greene & Parry, Proc. Dayenport Acad. 5:
28. 1888.
Pterostegia macroptera Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 44. 1844.
Pterostegia galioides Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 4: 213. 1885.
Baja California.
2. Harfordia fruticosa Greene; Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 5: 28. 1888.
Pterostegia fruticosa Greene, Bull. Calif, Acad. Sci. 4: 212. 1885.
Known only from Cedros Island, Baja California.
Densely branched shrub, 0.6 to 1 meter high.
Perhaps not specifically different from the preceding.
3. MUHLENBECKIA Meisn. Gen. Pl. 1: 316. 1840.
Muhlenbeckia platyclada Meisn., a curious plant with long flat ribbon-like
leafless stems, a native of the Solomon Islands, is sometimes cultivated. Seler
reports that it grows upon trees in Veracruz, where it is perhaps naturalized.
1. Muhlenbeckia tamnifolia (H. B. K.) Meisn. Gen. Pl. 2: 227. 1840.
Polygonum tamnifolium H. B. Ik. Nev. Gen. & Sp. 2: 180. 1817.
Polygonum quadrangulatum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 353. 1848.
Veracruz to Morelos. Central America to Chile; type from Colombia.
Scandent or trailing shrub with brown stems; leaves oblong or ovate, cordate
at base, acuminate; flowers very small, greenish, glomerate-spicate.
4. COCCOLOBA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1007. 1759.
REFERENCE: Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 13: 106-229. 1890.
Trees or shrubs; flowers small and inconspicuous, perfect, fascicled within
small bracts, the fascicles spicate; perianth often very fleshy in fruit.
Ramirez reports the vernacular name “ toté” for a Tabasco species of doubt-
ful determination. ~
Perianth lobes accrescent and inclosing the fruit. Leaf blades obovate or oval,
GE) OPN) ASTRON AS a we ae i lee etl oe gn 1. C. floribunda.
Perianth twbe accrescent and inclosing the fruit.
Leaves more or less pubescent beneath, sometimes pubescent also on the
upper surface.
Leaf blades mostly orbicular or nearly so, about as broad as long.
Leaves minutely puberulent beneath___________________ 2. C. uvifera.
Leaves short-pilose beneath.
Leaf blades 12 to 50 cm. long, pilose on the upper surface.
3. C. grandifolia.
Leaf blades 5 to 8 em. long, glabrous on the upper surface.
7. C. goldmanii.
Leaf blades about twice as long as broad or longer.
Rachis of the inflorescence glabrous or very minutely puberulent.
4. C. lapathifolia.
Rachis of the inflorescence densely short-pilose.
Leaf blades obtuse-acuminate, 12 to 18 em. long, 5 to 7 cm. wide.
5. C. lindeniana.,
Leaf blades rounded at the apex, 6 to 13 em. long, 2.5 to 7 em. wide.
6. C. liebmanni.
244 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves glabrous, or sometimes sparsely pilose beneath along the costa.
euvevepeisate 2) 050) Se ee ses oe ee es 14. C. acapulcensis,
Leaves not peltate.
Rachis of the inflorescence pubescent.
Pedicels as long as the ocreolae. Leaf blades 8 to 22 cm. long, 9 to
1S CMs AWG se ee era: FY PEO ee ee eer! 8. C. schiedeana.
Pedicels twice as long as the ocreolae or longer.
Leaf blades rounded or cordate at base____-____~ 9. C. cozumelensis.
Leaf blades narrowed to the base-___-____-__~_-_ 10. C. chiapensis.
Rachis of the inflorescence glabrous.
Leaf blades narrowed at base; nodes 1-flowered______ 11. C. orizabae.
Leaf blades rounded or cordate at base; nodes 1 to 3-flowered.
Pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long, much exceeding the ocreolae.
12. C. humboldti.
Pedicels 1 mm. long or shorter, about equaling the ocreolae.
13. C. jurgenseni.
1. Coccoloba floribunda (Benth.) Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 13: 217. 1890.
Campderia floribunda Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 159. pl. 52. 1844.
Campderia mexicana Meisn. in DC, Prodr. 14: 171. 1856.
Oaxaca. Central America to Brazil; type from Honduras.
Tree; leaves 5 to 11 cm. long, 3 to 5 em. wide, rounded or subcordate at base.
2. Coccoloba uvifera (L.) Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 19. 1760.
Polygonum uvifera L. Sp. Pl. 365. 17583.
In coastal thickets, Tamaulipas to Yucatén and Sinaloa. Florida, West
Indies, Central America, and northern South America.
Shrub or tree, sometimes as much as 15 meters high, with a trunk a meter
in diameter, but usually much smaller, densely branched; bark thin, smooth,
brown; leaves about 20 cm. wide, very thick, the veins often red; flowers
white; fruit purple, 1 to 2 cm. in diameter, in long dense heavy racemes;
wood hard, dark brown, taking a good polish, its specific gravity about 0.96.
“Uva de la playa” (Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Venezuela); “uva de la mar”
(Tamaulipas, Yucatén, Oaxaca, Porto Rico); “uvero” (Tamaulipas, Cuba) ;
“uva” (Yucatin, Veracruz, Santo Domingo); ‘“manzano” (Sinaloa); “uva
caleta’’ (Cuba); ‘‘papaturro” (Costa Rica); “uvero de playa” (Panama,
Costa Rica); “uvilla’ (Santo Domingo).
In Florida and the British West Indies the plant is known as “ sea-grape.”
“ nigeon-wood,” ‘ horsewood,” and ‘‘ hopwood.”’ The wood is highly esteemed
in tropical America for cabinet work, and is used also for fuel. It is said
to yield a red dye. The roots are astringent and have been employed as a
remedy for dysentery. The fruit is edible, with an acidulous, somewhat as-
tringent flavor, and in the West Indies it has been fermented, with sugar, to
produce an alcoholic drink. Febrifuge properties are attributed to the bark.
The shrub is often planted (as in Florida) for ornamental purposes, for the
large thick leaves are of striking and handsome appearance. It grows readily
from cuttings.
The first account of the plant, probably, is that given by Oviedo (Lib. VIII,
Cap. XIII), who says: ‘The Christians give the name wvero to the tree the
Indians call quiabara. This is a fine tree, with good wood, especially for mak-
ing charcoal for blacksmiths and silversmiths; as they are trees with spread-
ing tops, and not straight, although the branches are thick and the wood
strong, they are useless for construction of houses, but may be employed for
butchers’ blocks and shoe lasts. The wood resembles that of madrono, for it
is red, but it is stronger. The fruit consists of thin racemes of grapes, sepa-
pe Fee ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 245
rated from each other, rose or purple in color, and good to eat, although the
stone is very large in proportion to the size of the fruit and the amount of
flesh ; the largest are the size of a filbert. The leaves are like those illustrated ;
they are so different from other leaves that I have shown them here. The
largest of these leaves are a palm broad or larger, and some are smaller
At the time that wars were going on in Hispaniola and the other islands
and on Tierra-Firma, as the Christians did not carry with them paper and
ink, they used these leaves like paper. The leaves are green and thick as those
of ivy; the veins are red or purple and fine, and with a pin or sharp point one
can write anything on them, from one end to the other, while they are green
and freshly cut; the letters resemble white scratches and stand out so well from
the face of the leaf that they are easily legible. Thus written upon, the leaves
were sent by an Indian wherever the Spaniards wished them to go. Although
the midvein of the leaf is rather large, the other veins are so small that they
do not interfere with the writing.”
3. Coccoloba grandifolia Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 19. 1760.
Coccoloba pubescens L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 523. 1762.
Reported from Mexico, the locality not stated. West Indies and the Guianas.
‘Tree, 12 to 25 meters high, with erect trunk; leaves orbicular or broadly cor-
date, 8 to 60 cm. wide, coriaceous. ‘ Moral6én” (Porto Rico).
4. Coccoloba lapathifolia Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Acapulco, Guerrero (Palmer 206; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 1,016,048).
Petioles 5 mm. long, finely puberulent; leaf blades narrowly oblong or lance-
oblong, 14.5 to 18.5 em. long, 5 to 5.5 em. wide, deeply cordate at base, rounded or
very obtuse at apex, coriaceous, finely puberulent or glabrate on the upper sur-
face, the venation inconspicuous, pilose or short-villous beneath along the costa
and lateral veins or finally glabrate, the venation prominent, the lateral veins
about 15 on each side; racemes terminal, 9 to 18 cm. long, slender, glabrous or
nearly so, rather densely flowered, the pedicels 3 times as long as the ocreolae.
glabrous; perianth glabrous; filaments exserted.
5. Coccoloba lindeniana’ (Benth.) Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 182. 1890.
Campderia lindeniana Benth.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 103. 1880.
Known only from the type locality, Teapa, Tabasco.
Shrub; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, cordate at base.
6. Coccoloba liebmanni Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 13: 189. 1890.
Colima to Oaxaca; type from Pochutla, Oaxaca.
Leaves oblong-obovate or oblong, coriaceous, cordate at base.
7. Coccoloba goldmanii Standl., sp. nov.
Type from the valley of the Rio Fuerte. Sinaloa (Goldman 245; U. S. Nat.
Herb. no. 335744).
Branches puberylent at first; ocreae 4 to 5 mm. long; petioles 12 to 15 mm.
long, densely puberulent; leaf blades orbicular or nearly so, 5 to 8 em. long,
rounded at apex, rounded or emarginate at base, thick-coriaceous, green on the
upper surface, puberulent on the veins, the costa and lateral veins slender,
prominent, the other venation inconspicuous, slightly paler beneath, short-
pilose, especially on the veins, the venation very prominent, reticulate; racemes
* Named in honor of Jean Jules Linden, who was associated with Ghiesbreght
in botanical exploration of Mexico. He collected (about 1837-1839) in Yucatan,
Chiapas, and Tabasco, and perhaps elsewhere. He afterwards became the pro-
prietor of the famous nurseries at Ghent, once the property of Verschaffelt.
946 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
12 to 25 cm. long, Slender, the rachis short-pilose, the pedicels mostly solitary,
puberulent, stout, twice as long as the ocreolae; fruiting calyx glabrous, 8 mm.
long; achene ellipsoid, brown, lustrous.
8. Coccoloba schiedeana Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 13: 187. 1890.
Coccoloba barbadensis mexicana Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 153. 1856.
?Coccoloba oaxacensis Gross, Repert. Noy. Sp. Fedde 12: 219, 1913.
Veracruz to Guerrero, Chiapas, and Yucatin; type from Papantla, Veracruz.
Guatemala.
Small or large tree; leaves mostly oval, obtuse to cordate at base; flowers
white. “Carnero de la costa” (Oaxaca) ; “ tepalcahuite”’ (Veracruz) ; ‘‘ tamu-
lero’ (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “ carnero” (Chiapas, Oaxaca) ; “ uvero” (Vera-
cruz) ; “palo de carnero” (Oaxaca).
The wood is used for cart wheels and other purposes. The fruit is edible.
The writer has seen no material of C. oaracensis, and it may be a distinct
species.
9. Coccoloba cozumelensis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 4: 108. 1887.
Coccoloba yucatana Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 190. 1890.
Yucatan; type from Cozumel Island.
Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, obtuse or acute, 3 to 10 em. long.
10. Coccoloba chiapensis Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 67. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, Finca Irlanda, Chiapas.
Large tree; leaves elliptic, 15 to 20 cm. long, acuminate.
11. Coccoloba orizabae Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 13: 189. 1890.
Known only from Orizaba, the type locality.
Leaves lance-ovate, obtuse-acuminate, 4.5 to 10 cm. long; fruit 1 cm. long.
12. Coccoloba humboldti Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 168. 1856.
Tamaulipas to Oaxaca and Tabasco.
Shrub or small tree; leaves oval or ovate, about 8 cm. long; flowers white.
“'Toc6d prieto”’ (Tabasco).
13. Coccoloba jurgenseni Lindau, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 13: 188. 1890.
Colima to Oaxaca (type locality).
Leaves oblong or oval, 8 to 20 cm. long.
14. Coccoloba acapulcensis Standl. Proc. Soc. Washington 33: 66. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Easily distinguished from the other Mexican species by its peltate suborbi-
cular leaves, these 5.5 to 8 cm. wide.
5. NEOMILLSPAUGHIA Blake, Bull. Torrey Club 48: 84. 1921.
1. Neomillspaughia emarginata (Gross) Blake, Bull. Torrey Club 48: 85.
O22
Podopterus emarginatus Gross, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 218. 1913.
Yucatan; type from Kabah. ae
Glabrous shrub or tree; leaves orbicular, 7 to 10 em. wide, coriaceous, emar-
ginate at base and apex; flowers in long racemes; perianth segments 5, the ~
outer ones winged, the inner ones small.
In general appearance the plant resembles some species of Coccoloba.
6. PODOPTERUS Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 89. 1809.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves thin, early deciduous; flowers fasciculate or
racemose, perfect; outer perianth segments with broad scarious wings;
stamens 5.
One other species is known, a native of Guatemala.
EE EE ee ee ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 247
Leaf blades broadly obovate or rhombic-obovate, acute to acuminate at base.
1. P. mexicanus.
Leaf blades oval-ovate, cordate at base_-_---_----__---__--__ 2. P. cordifolius.
1. Podopterus mexicanus Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: pl. 107. 1809.
Tamaulipas to Colima, Oaxaca, and Yucatén; type from Veracruz. Guat-
emala.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high, with stout spinose branch-
lets; leaves deciduous, glabrous; flowers in dense fascicles, appearing when
the plant is leafless, greenish tinged with brown.
2. Podopterus cordifolius Rose & Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 66.
1920.
Colima to Oaxaca; type locality, on the seashore at Manzanillo, Colima.
Small tree with very straggling, pendent branches.
7. ANTIGONON Endl. Gen. Pl. 310. 1837.
Plants fruticose or chiefly herbaceous, scandent; leaves cordate or deltoid;
flowers fasciculate, the fascicles racemose.
Bxjenior Sepalstovate in’ anthesis222__...___._. | - 1. A. guatimalense.
Exterior sepals cordate in anthesis.
Leaf blades decurrent on the petiole.
Sepals reddish, in fruit nearly as broad as long, obtuse or rounded at
apex, usually apiculate; plants usually copiously pubescent.
2. A. cinerascens.
Sepals yellowish, longer than broad in fruit, acute or acutish; plants
nearly, Slabraus- + 2 fees ne ee ee 3. A. flavescens.
Heaimnlades Not decurrent2- 2s ko be 4. A. leptopus.
1. Antigonon guatimalense Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 184. 1856.
Polygonum grandifiorum Bertol. Nov. Comm. Acad. Bonon. 4: 412. 1840. Not
P. grandifiorum Willd. 1799.
Antigonon grandiflorum Robinson, Proc. Amer, Acad. 44: 613. 1909.
Guerrero and Oaxaca. Central America and Colombia ; type from Guatemala.
Leaves broadly cordate; inflorescence copiously pubescent, the flowers rose-
colored ; sepals in fruit about 3 cm. long.
2. Antigonon cinerascens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux, 10°: 14. 1848.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa. Central America.
Leaves broadly ovate-cordate, abruptly short-acuminate; flowers purplish
red. “Bejuco de colacién’”’ (El Salvador) ; ‘“bellisima” (Nicaragua).
3. Antigonon flavescens S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 446. 1887.
Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from Chapala, Jalisco.
Leaves deltoid ,often very large, glabrous, acute or acuminate; flowers green-
_ish white or yellowish. “ Coamecate,” “ coamecatl” (Jalisco, Urbina).
4. Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 308. pl. 69. 1839-40.
Antigonon cordatum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10*: 14. 1843.
Chihuahua to Beja California, southward to Oaxaca; often cultivated else-
where; type from the west coast.
Large vine, often climbing to the tops of the highest trees, sometimes running
_ over low shrubs; leaves deltoid or cordate, acuminate; sepals at first small and
inconspicuous but becoming large, purplish red, and very showy, the racemes
(as in the other species) furnished with tendrils. ‘ Flor de San Diego” (Vera-
cruz, Oaxaca, Yucatan); “ enredadera de San Diego” (Nuevo Le6én, Oaxaca) ;
“rosa de mayo” (Sinaloa) ; “corona de la reina” (Tamaulipas) ; “ hierba de
55268—22- 6
248 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Santa Rosa” (Morelos); “San Miguelito” (Sonora, Sinaloa); ‘ fulmina”
(Guerrero, Morelos) ; “bellisima” (Oaxaca, Colombia); “ corona’ (Sinaloa,
Tamaulipas) ; “flor de San Miguel” (Sonora, Guatemala) ; “ coronilla” (Sina-
loa); “coamecate” (Morelos, Sinaloa); ‘ coamecatl” (Guanajuato, Texas) ;
“cuamecate ” (Durango, Jalisco; from the Nahuatl, cuau-mecatl=tree+cord) ;
“bejuco de colacién ” (El Salvador) ; “ coralillo,” “ coralillo rosado” (Cuba) ;
“cadena de amor” (Philippine Islands).
A very showy and handsome plant, and cultivated for this reason not only in
Mexico but in many other regions. In general appearance it suggests Bougain-
villea, and is equally handsome. It is a rapid grower and remains in bloom a
long time. In Florida it is known as “ Confederate vine.” The flower clusters
serve as tendrils for the support of the plant, and shorten themselves by bending
at the joints in a zigzag form. The roots bear tubers which are usually small,
although they are said sometimes to weigh as much as 15 pounds. They are
edible and have a nutlike flavor. For an illustration of this species see Contr.
U.S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 18.
8. GYMNOPODIUM Rolfe in Hook. Icon. Pl. IV. 7: pl. 2699. 1901.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, subsessile; flowers fascicled in racemes,
slender-pediceled ; inner perianth segments small and inconspicious; stamens
9; fruit a small 3-angled achene. :
One other species is known, a native of British Honduras.
pCa] TE) ESS POLE ST GCE: WERT AF © a een aS AN eo 1. G. antigonoides.
Sepals cuneate or decurrent at base___-—-_ 2. G. ovatifolium.
1. Gymnopodium antigonoides (Robinson) Blake, Bull. Torrey Club 48:84. —
1921.
Millspaughia antigonoides Robinson; Millsp. & Loes. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 36:
Beibl. 80: 14. 1905.
Yucatan and Chiapas; type from Progreso, Yucatan.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 12 meters high; leaves obovate to oval, 2 to 5.5 em.
long, rounded at apex, puberulent when young; flowers fasciculate, racemose,
greenish, the sepals in age 7 mm. long. y
The Chiapas specimens have slightly broader and larger leaves than those
from Yucatan.
2. Gymnopodium ovatifolium (Robinson) Blake, Bull. Torrey Club 48:84.
1921.
Millspaughia ovatifolia Robinson; Millsp. & Loes. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 36:
Beibl. 80: 14. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, Progreso, Yucatan.
Leaves broadly ovate, 5 cm. long, acutish.
9. TRIPLARIS L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 881. 1759.
1. Triplaris auriculata Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 174. 1856. |
Chiapas and perhaps elsewhere in ,Mexico, the type from some unknown ~
locality.
Shrub or tree, more or less pubescent; leaves large, oval, short-petiolate; —
flowers dioecious, racemose, the pistillate calyx accrescent and in fruit about 5
em. long.
The Mexican material seen appears to be the same as 7. macombii Donn.
Smith, and is perhaps not different from 7. surinamensis Cham, T. auriculata
is probably the plant reported from Chiapas as Triplaris sp. with the vernacular
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 249
name “palo mulato.” A related species, 7. tomentosa Wedd., is a small tree
with hollow stems infested by ants, known in Costa Rica as ‘“ hormigo” and
“tabaco.”
10. RUPRECHTIA C. A. Meyer, Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. 6: 148. 1840.
rees or shrubs with rather small leaves; flowers dioecious, fasciculate in
short spikes; pistillate calyx accrescent in fruit.
Venation of the lower surface of the leaves very prominent and finely reticu-
late.
Prunes Sepals''3.5 “to 4: emt long 2 sit) 20! i) 2 SOC 1. R. macrosepala.
Fruiting sepals 1.3 to 2.7 em. long.
Leaf blades narrowly elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, 0.8 to 2.5 cm. wide,
nearly glabrous beneath; fruiting sepals 1.3 to 1.8 cm. long.
2. R. occidentalis.
Leaf blades elliptic, 1.8 to 3.5 cm. wide, densely short-pilose beneath ;
fruiting sepals about 2.5 cm. long___________ coe eee, up eSeas
Venation of the lower surface of the leaves neither prominent nor reticulate.
Leaves densely short-pilose beneath_______________________ 4. R. pringlei.
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so.
Leaves ovate or broadly ovate, widest at or below the middle, acute or
ToS TALE TUTE Se i i i ee ne Nara EM AN 5. R. cumingii.
Leaves mostly oblanceolate-oblong, widest above the middle, obtuse or
SCE) ce Re eS ee eer er eens een er 5. 6. R. pallida.
1. Ruprechtia macrosepala Standi., sp. nov.
Sinaloa; type from Varal, Municipalidad de Mazatlan (Dehesa 1508; U. S.
Nat. Herb. no. 1,012,464).
Branchlets slender, brownish; ocreae 2.5 to 3 mm, long; petioles stout, 3 to 5
mm. long; leaf blades elliptic-ovate, 6.5 to 11.5 em. long, 3 to 4.5 ecm.
wide, obtuse or rounded at base, acute or acuminate at apex, green and
glabrous on the upper surface, slightly paler beneath, sparsely strigose along
the veins, the venation very prominent and finely reticulate; pistillate racemes
humerous, laxly flowered, the flowers slender-pedicellate; calyx 3.5 to 4 cm.
long, densely appressed-pilose below, glabrate above; inner calyx lobes linear-
attenuate, 4 to 5 mm. long, the outer lobes ligulate-spatulate, reticulate-veined,
rounded at apex, tinged with red at first; achene 8 to 9 mm. long, glabrous.
2. Ruprechtia occidentalis Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 66. 1920.
Sinaloa; type from San Blas.
Shrub, about 3 meters high; leaves 3 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 em. wide, acumi-
nate to acutish.
$3. Ruprechtia fusca Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 86. 1897.
Puebla and Guerrero; type from Acapulco.
Shrub or small tree, 4.5 meters high, the trunk 20 cm. in diameter; leaves very
thick, acute, with fulvous pubescence.
4. Ruprechtia pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 38: 476. 1898.
Oaxaca; type from Tomellin Canyon.
Shrub or small tree, 4 to 6 meters high, with gray bark; leaves oblong-ovate,
4 to 7 cm. long; fruiting calyx 2 to 2.5 cm. long.
5. Ruprechtia cumingii Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 179. 1856.
Veracruz. Central America and Colombia (type locality).
Large or small tree with rounded crown; leaves ovate, acuminate, compara-
tively thin, 4 to 7.5 em. long, 1.8 to 3.5 cm. wide; fruiting calyx about 2 cm. long.
250 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Ruprechtia pallida Standl., sp. noy.
Michoacén and Guerrero; type from Cayaco, Michoacan (Nelson 6964; U. S.
Nat. Herb. no. 399283).
Branches blackish brown, rugose; ocreae 1.5 mm. long; petioles 3 to 5 mm.
long; leaf blades oblanceolate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 4.5 to 7 em. long, 15 to
2 cm. wide, usually cuneate at base, obtuse to subacute at apex, subcoriaceous,
pale on both surfaces, glabrous above, the venation inconspicuous, glabrous
beneath except for a few scattered hairs along the costa, the lateral veins about
9 on each side, prominent, the other venation inconspicuous; pistillate racemes
(very immature) about 2 cm. long, densely flowered; calyx densely pilose with
short subappressed hairs.
32. CHENOPODIACEAE. Goosefoot Family.
REFERENCE: Standley, Chenopodiaceae, N. Amer. Fl. 21: 3-93. 1916.
Shrubs, usually low, often succulent; leaves opposite or alternate, estipulate,
sometimes reduced to scales; flowers small, perfect or unisexual; fruit a
utricle, 1-seeded.
A large number of herbaceous species of various genera are found in Mexico.
Leaves reduced to scales; stems jointed; flowers in fleshy spikes or sunk in the
joints of the stems.
Branches alternates 2 = sys). * sent Ai ee en Ee 3. ALLENROLFEA,
PTL OAIe HEN sO DOSTUCE = 2 A ee 4. ARTHROCNEMUM.
Leaves well developed; stems not jointed; flowers solitary or clustered in the
axils of the leaves.
Embryo spirally coiled; leaves very fleshy, terete or semiterete__5. DONDIA.
Embryo not coiled; leaves usually flat.
Pubescence of inflated hairs or wanting, never of slender hairs.
1. ATRIPLEX.
IPUDESCERCELOLGSINKY MAINS: =< se es eee ee 2. EUROTIA.
1. ATRIPLEX L. Sp. Pl. 1052. 1753.
' Shrubs with scurfy whitish pubescence; leaves alternate or opposite, entire or
dentate; flowers unisexual; fruit inclosed by bracts. «
Several herbaceous representatives of the genus are found in Mexico. The
plants are of considerable value as forage for stock.
Fruiting bracts with 4 longitudinal wings.
Bracts 7 to 25 mm. long, the free portion equaling or usually shorter than the
NN TOA \0Es Se ee ee Ce eee. ee eee 1. A. canescens.
Bracts 4 to 10 mm. long, the free portion much longer than the wings.
Pedicels of the fertile flowers 2 mm. long or less; bracts 4 to 6 mm. long.
2. A. linearis.
Pedicels 4 to 7 mm. long; bracts 6 to 10 mm. long__---_- 3. A. macropoda.
Fruiting bracts not winged.
Leaves all or nearly all opposite. Leaves sessile, 2 to 5 mm. long.
4. A. matamorensis.
Leaves alternate, or the lowest opposite.
Iueaves dentate. =< 22. =. eet ee, Oe ees 5. A. acanthocarpa.
Leaves entire,
Leaves sagittate, clasping, 2 to 4 mm. long_______-_-_______ 6. A. julacea.
Leaves never sagittate, usually much larger.
Brectsrentire: oO 00.22 mM. Tone a eee 7. A. confertifolia.
Bracts dentate or crenulate, usually smaller.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 25t
Plants tall shrubs, usually a meter high or more; leaves neither obo-
vate nor orbicular. j
Bracts crenulate; leaves petiolate, the blades 1.5 to 5 em. long.
8. A. lentiformis.
Bracts laciniate-dentate; leaves sessile, usually less than 1 cm. long.
9. A. polycarpa.
Plants low shrubs, rarely 60 cm. high or, if larger, the leaves obovate
or orbicular.
IBLaGis 2 7tO.3.Mm, Longa. + 23 kee ee od pL 10. A. insularis.
Bracts 4 to 10 mm. long.
Bracts 4 to 8 mm. long, broader than long______— 11. A. obovata.
Bracts 8 to 10 mm. long, longer than broad____12. A. pringlei.
1. Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1818.
Calligonum canescens Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 370. 1814.
Obione tetraptera Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 48. 1844.
Obione berlandieri Moq. in DC. Prodr. 187: 114. 1849.
Baja California to Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, and Zacatecas. Northward in
the United States to Oregon and South Dakota; type from South Dakota.
Densely branched, grayish shrub, usually 1 to 1.5 meters high, often forming
broad clumps; leaves mostly linear, obtuse; flowers dioecious. ‘‘ Costillas de
yaca” (Zacatecas); “chamiso” (Baja California, Chihuahua, New Mexico) ;
“cenizo”’ (Chihuahua, Sonora).
In some parts of its range this plant, like others of the genus, is of some
importance as a forage plant. The leaves have a salty flavor. The seeds of
“this and other species have been used as food by the Gosiute Indians of Utah.
2. Atriplex linearis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 72. 1889.
Dry plains and hillsides, Sonora and Baja California; type from Guaymas.
Southern Arizona and California.
Dense shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves linear. 1 to 5 em. long, whitish.
“Chamiso” (Baja California).
3. Atriplex macropoda Rose & Stand]. N. Amer, Fl, 21: 72. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Pichilinaque Island, Baja California.
Shrub with slender branches; leaves linear, 1 to 1.8 em. long.
4. Atriplex matamorensis A. Nels. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 17: 99. 1904.
Atriplex oppositifolia S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 118. 1874. Not A. oppo-
sitifolia Vill. 1779.
Tamaulipas; type from the Rio Grande Valley, near Matamoros, South-
western Texas.
Small shrub, 20 to 40 em. high, with slender, very leafy branches; leaves
sessile, lance-oblong, 2 to 5 mm. long, entire, obtuse or acutish; bracts sub-
orbicular, 3 mm. long, dentate.
5. Atriplex acanthocarpa (Torr.) S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 117. 1874.
Obione acanthocarpa Torr. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 183. 1859.
Chihuahua to Nuevo Le6én. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type
from plains near the Burro Mountains, New Mexico.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves oblong to broadly obovate, 1.5 to 5 em.
long, coarsely dentate; flowers monoecious; bracts 7 to 15 mm. long, the mar-
gins laciniate, the sides with numerous long flattened appendages.
6. Atriplex julacea S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 370. 1885.
Baja California; type from Bahia de Todos Santos.
Procumbent or erect shrub, the slender branches densely leafy; leaves scale-
like; flowers dioecious; bracts 4 to 5 mm. long, with corky appendages on the
sides,
252 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Atriplex confertifolia (Torr.) 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 119, 1874.
Obione confertifoltia Torr. in Frém. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 318. 1845.
Chihuahua, Northward in the United States to Oregon and South Dakota;
type from ‘Utah.
Shrub, rarely over 50 em. high, often forming broad clumps; leaves mostly
oval, entire, 1 to 2 cm. long; flowers dioecious; bracts oval or suborbicular.
8. Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 118. 1874.
Obione lentiformis Torr. in Sitgreaves, Rep. Zuni & Colo. 169. 1853.
Northern Sonora. Southern California to southwestern Utah; type from
Arizona.
Dense shrub, 1 to 4 meters high; leaves ovate to ovate-deltoid or oblong, ob-
tuse or rounded at apex; bracts smooth on the sides.
The Coahuilla Indians of southern California grind the seeds and boil the
meal in salted water. The various species of Atriplex were rather important
food plants among many of the Indians of the arid portions of North America.
Among the Pimas of Arizona the young shoots, which have a salty flavor, were
boiled and eaten. The same tribe made use of the seeds (presumably includ-—
ing also the bracts), cooking them in pits over night, then drying and parching
them and storing for winter use. Seeds so preserved were eaten as pinole—a
mixture of the ground seeds with water. The Pimas used the powdered root as
a dressing for sores.
9. Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 117. 1874.
Obione polycarpa Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 130. 1857.
Atriplex curvidens T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 201. 1889.
Sonora. and Baja California. California to Arizona; type from the Gila
River, Arizona.
Dense shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves rhombic or deltoid, 2 to 5 em. long, |
|
grayish; flowers dioecious; bracts with a few subulate appendages on the sides.
10. Atriplex insularis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 80. 1890.
Islands off the west coast of Baja California; type from Raza Island.
Erect shrub, 1.5 to 2 meters high; leaves obovate or orbicular, 1 to 1.5 ecm. ~
long, short-petiolate or sessile, rounded at apex; bracts coarsely and irregularly
dentate, short-tuberculate on the sides.
11. Atriplex obovata Mog. Chenop. 61. 1840. a
Atriplex greggiit S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 118. 1874.
Chihuahua to Zacatecas; type from San Luis Potosi. Western Texas and
southern New Mexico.
Shrub, 15 to 40 em. high; leaves oblong to oval, 1 to 3 em. long; flowers
dioecious; bracts denticulate, the sides sparsely tuberculate er crested near the
base, rarely smooth. 44
12. Atriplex pringlei Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 21: 68. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, alkaline plains, Hacienda de Angostura, &
San Luis Potosi. '
Shrub, 20 to 30 em. high; leaves obovate, 1.5 to 3 em. oblong, rounded at apex;
bracts not compressed, irregularly dentate, the sides with few or numerous
appendages.
2. EUROTIA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 260. 1768.
1, Eurotia subspinosa Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 39: 312, 1912.
Chihuahua and Coahuila. Southern California to Utah; type from Utah.
Much-branched shrub a meter high or less, copiously pubescent; leaves
linear, alternate, 1 to 3 cm, long, stellate-pubescent; flowers dioecious, clus-
tered in the leaf axils; fruit covered with long white or brownish hairs.
1
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 253
The plant is of some importance for forage. The closely related H. lanata
(Pursh) Mogq., of the western United States, is often known as ‘“ winter-fat.”’
3. ALLENROLFEA Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 545. 1891.
1. Allenrolfea occidentalis (S. Wats.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 546. 1891.
Halostachys occidentalis S. Wats. in King, Geol. Hxpl. 40th Par. 5: 293.
1871.
Spirostachys occidentalis 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 9: 125. 1874.
In alkaline soil, Sonora and Baja California; probably also in Chihuahua.
Northward in the United States to Oregon; type from Utah.
Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less, much branched, green, with very succulent,
fragile, jointed branches; flowers arranged spirally by 3’s or 5’s in the axils
of fleshy peltate bracts. ‘‘ Hierba del burro” (New Mexico).
Haten sparingly by stock. Known in New Mexico as ‘“ burroweed.”
4. ARTHROCNEMUM Mog. Chenop, 111. 1840.
1. Arthrocnemum subterminale (Parish) Standl. Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci. 4: 399. 1914.
Salicornia subterminalis Parish, Erythea 6: 87. 1898.
In alkaline soil, Baja California and Sinaloa. California; type from River-
side County.
Low leafless shrub with succulent jointed branches; flowers in groups of 3
on the opposite sides of the joints, the flowering joints forming terminal
spikes.
The seeds were ground into meal and eaten -by the Coahuilla Indians of
southern California,*
5. DONDIA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 261. 1763.
_ Low shrubs or herbs, glabrous or pubescent, often glaucous; leaves short,
terete or semiterete, very succulent; flowers small, perfect, axillary.
The plants perhaps scarcely deserve to be classed as shrubs. They are
sometimes burned to secure ashes from which lye for soap making is made.
‘The Coahuilla Indians of California are said to use the plants for dyeing
baskets black. The salty-flavored leaves were cooked and eaten by the Pimas
and other Indians of the arid regions. The following names are said to be
applied to various species of doubtful identification : ‘‘ Romerito ”; ‘ romerillo ” :
“jauja”’ (Durango, Tamaulipas) ; “sosa” (Sonora); ‘ quelite salado” (Chi-
huahua ).
Stems and leaves glabrous or nearly so.
SRerieale sy iO TN AROMA: 2 toN Sie hye 9. wide 1. D. californica.
Becemio mar iia) SIT Of Ns 2 8s Pe ee Pe ST i 2. D. fruticosa.
Stems and leaves densely villous or tomentulose, at least when young.
Branches of the inflorescence very slender, spreading or divaricate, flexuous,
elongate; leaves (flitttemed ur. PA eee rer 3. D. ramosissima.
Branches of the inflorescence stout, ascending or erect, not flexuous, short;
leaves terete.
Ciivxe densely soubeseent e. ee 4. D. brevifolia.
Calyx nearly or quite glabrous.
Leaves glaucous, 3 to 7 mm. long, rounded at apex; seed 1.5 mm. broad.
5. D. palmeri.
Leaves green, 7 to 15 mm. long, acute; seed 1 mm. broad.
6. D. tampicensis.
*See D. P. Barrows, The ethno-botany of the Coahuilla Indians of southern
California, pp. 1-82, 1900. Doctorate thesis of the University of Chicago.
254 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Dondia californica (S. Wats.) Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 3. 1898.
Suaeda californica 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 9:89. 1874.
Salt marshes, coast of Baja California. California; type from San Francisco
Bay.
Shrub, 20 to 80 cm. high; leaves 1.5 to 3.5 em. long.
2. Dondia fruticosa (L.) Druce, List. Brit. Pl. 60. 1908.
Chenopodium fruticosum L. Sp. Pl. 221. 1753.
Suaeda fruticosa Forsk. Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 70. 1775.
Coahuila and probably elsewhere. Northward to Alberta; Bahamas and
Cuba; Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Shrub, 20 to 80 em. high; leaves 1 to 1.5 em. long.
8. Dondia ramosissima Standl. N. Amer, Fl. 21: 91. 1916.
Baja California. Southern California and Arizona; type from Lees Ferry,
Arizona.
Shrub, 1 meter high; leaves 0.5 to 2 em. long.
4. Dondia brevifolia Stand]. N. Amer. Fl. 21: 92. 1916.
Baja California. Southern California; type from Newport.
5. Dondia palmeri Stand]. N. Amer. Fk 21:91. 1916.
Coahuila and Zacatecas; type from Parraés, Coahuila.
Low shrub. “ Saladillo’” (Zaeatecas).
6. Dondia tampicensis Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 21:91. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, along the coast near La Barra, Tamauli-
pas, near Tampico.
33. AMARANTHACEAE. Amaranth Family.
REFERENCE: Standley, Amaranthaceae, N. Amer. FI. 21: 95-169. 1917.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite or alternate, estipulate, entire; flowers
small, perfect or unisexual, usually whitish, mostly spicate; fruit very small,
dry.
Many herbaceous representatives of the family occur in Mexico.
Leaves opposite. Fruit 1-seeded.
Stigma capitate or shallowly bilobate. Plants scandent______ 5. PFAFFIA.
Stigma with 2 or 3 subulate or filiform lobes_______________ 6. IRESINE.
Leaves alternate.
Fruit with 2 or more seeds. Flowers perfect.
AUTEUDO i ry ES SPO G2 6 Ua cadet ls Oe a pd Fe Ie Re AU 1. CELOSIA.
Sepals glabrous; anthers 4-celled.
Seeds with an aril; stems usually scandent or reclining_2. CHAMISSOA.
Neeas Without an aril -" stems erecta. - = ee 3. LAGREZIA.
Sepals willous:: anthers 2-celled222=2._ £2. Sea ee wees 4. DICRAURUS.
1. CELOSIA L. Sp. Pl. 205. 1758.
Low shrubs or herbs; leaves alternate, entire or lobed. petiolate; flowers
perfect, spicate.
The best-known representative of the genus is the cockscomb, Celosia argentea
L., various forms of which are cultivated for ornament. It is known in
Mexico as “ cresta de gallo,” “ abanico,” “ Cinco de Mayo,” and “ mano de le6n.”
The cultivated plants are the form with fasciated inflorescence, described by
Linnaeus as Celosia cristata. This is the only species besides those enumerated
below which occurs in Mexico.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 255
Sepals 5 to 6 mm. long, prominently nerved.
Leaf blades hastately lobed; stigmas 2___--_-_-__---___-_+____ 1. C. palmeri.
Leaf blades not lobed; stigmas 3.
Seeds 5 to 8; leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, decurrent nearly to the base
Oftheypetiolent imal ffi hemi ee bei prorat) 26 AU hoe 2. C. virgata.
Seeds about 20; leaf blades deltoid to triangular-lanceolate, short-decurrent.
3. C. nitida.
Sepals 3 mm. long or less, obscurely nerved.
Leaf blades, at least most of them, hastately lobed, puberulent beneath.
4. C. floribunda.
Leaf blades entire, glabrous.
PRICE SR DC UITCE Leite ae ewe geetk Eph ei 1 AEN OEY ee ee 7. C. chiapensis.
Flowers sessile.
Kruit. stipitate; sepals dark ,brown.__----~__=2-2=. === =_ 5. C. moquini.
Hruit.sessitessepalsistramineouS: 222s = tures ee ee 6. C. oreuttii.
1. Celosia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 163. 18838.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosi; type from Monclova, Coahuila.
Western Texas. #
Low shrub, much branched, glabrous except about the inflorescence; leaves
lanceolate or lance-triangular, 1.5 to 5 cm. long; spikes 1 to 2 em. long; seeds
3 or 4.
2. Celosia virgata Jacq. Coll. Bot. 2: 279. 1788.
Veracruz and Yucatén. Cuba and Porto Rico; northern South America.
Plants suffrutescent, 0.5 to 1 meter high; leaves ovate or lanceolate; flower
spikes 1 to 5 em. long.
3. Celosia nitida Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 44. 1794.
San Luis Potosi to Yucatan. West Indies, western Texas, and northern
South America.
Plants fruticose below, the slender stems erect or clambering over other
plants, glabrous; leaves 2 to 7 em. long. “Abanico” (Colombia), -
Used in Martinique as a remedy for dysentery.
4. Celosia floribunda A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 5: 167. 1861.
Southern Baja California ; type from the vicinity of Cape San Lucas.
Shrub, 4 meters high or less; leaves 3 to 18 cm. long; spikes 2 to 15 cm. long.
5. Celosia moquini Guillem.; Moq. in DC. Prodr. 187: 239. 1849.
Southern Mexico, the localities not definitely known.
Leaves 15 to 30 cm. long; flower spikes arranged in large panicles.
6. Celosia orcuttii Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 330. 1912.
Colima, the type from the city of Colima.
Leaves 6 to 17 cm. long, acute.
Rather doubtfully distinct from the last species.
7. Celosia chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 363. 1917.
Chiapas; type from Finca Irlanda.
Glabrous shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 9 to
i4 em. long, acuminate. P
2. CHAMISSOA IH. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 196. 1817.
1. Chamissoa altissima (Jacq.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 197. 1817.
Achyranthes altissima Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 17. 1762.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Tabasco and Oaxaca. Central America, West Indies,
and northern South America; type from Jamaica.
256 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub, the stems 2 meters long or more, scandent or reclining, glabrous or
nearly so; leaves ovate or lanceolate, 6 to 18 cm. long, acute; flowers spicate,
in large panicles. ‘‘ Pate” (Nicaragua) ; “ guaniquique” (Cuba); “ pabell6én
del rey’? (Santo Domingo).
This is probably the plant described by Sessé and Mociiio* as Celosia alomicis.
38. LAGREZIA Mog. in DC. Prodr. 187: 252. 1849.
1. Lagrezia monosperma (Rose) Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 5:
393. 1915.
Celosia monosperma Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 352. 1895.
Colima and Guerrero; type from Manzanillo, Colima.
Shrub, 2 to 5 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves ovate to lanceolate,
5 to 12 em. long; flowers perfect, small, in slender paniculate spikes.
4. DICRAURUS Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 42. 1880.
Erect shrubs, copiously pubescent; leaves chiefly alternate, but some of them
frequently opposite; flowers unisexual, small, spicate, the spikes paniculate.
Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3 to 9 mm. wide; petioles 1 to 2 mm.
LON GS 10% Beet 0s a el AE 2 Dink ops SEY Be Sa ae ee 1. D. leptocladus.
Leaves rounded-ovate or rounded-deltoid, usually rounded at the apex, 13 to 35
mimewide> petioles!o-cto.l0. mim, long =* Ss ee 2. D. alternifolius.
1. Dicraurus leptocladus Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 43. 1880.
Dicraurus diffusus Baill. Hist. Pl. 9: 214. 1888.
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi. Western Texas (type locality).
Shrub, 0.2 to 1 meter high, with numerous stems.
2. Dicraurus alternifolius (S. Wats.) Uline & Bray, Bot. Gaz. 21: 355. 1896.
Tresine alternifolia S. Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 24: 72. 1889.
Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high, with grayish or brownish branches.
5. PFAFFIA Mart. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 20. 1826.
1. Pfaffia hookeriana (Hemsl.) Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2:330. 1912.
Hebanthe hookeriana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3:19. 1882.
Veracruz, the type from Cordoba. Central America.
Scandent shrub, more or less pubescent; leaves ovate, acute, short-petiolate ;
flowers mostly perfect, yellowish white, spicate, the sepals covered with long
white hairs.
6. IRESINE P. Br. Civ. Nat. Hist. Jam. 358. 1756.
Shrubs or small trees, erect or sometimes scandent ; leaves opposite, petiolate ;
flowers perfect or unisexual, usually spicate, the sepals variously hairy.
A number of herbaceous species occur in Mexico. A plant described by Sessé
and Mocino? as Celosia dioica belong, apparently, to this genus, but its identifi-
eation is doubtful.
Flowers perfect or polygamous.
Branches of the inflorescence glabrous or nearly so.
Bracts and bractlets rounded or obtuse at the apex.
Inflorescence naked; bracts stramineous or whitish; pubescence of the
sepals bright white; leaf blades broadest at the middle__1. I. nigra.
Inflorescence leafy; bracts fuscous; pubescence of the sepals brownish ;
leaf blades broadest near the base____--_-___------___ 2. I. pacifica.
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 41, 1887. The specific name is written “Alomiris” in Fl.
Mex. 74, 1894.
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 38. 1893.
1 ae
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 257.
Bracts and bractlets acute or acuminate, cuspidate.
Staminodia minute; sepals acute or acutish; bracts sparsely villous.
| 3. I. angustifolia.
Staminodia one-third as long as the filaments; sepals obtuse or rounded
alpapexy bracts densely villous..js-s2322% -.se-55.. 4. I. arenaria.
Branches of the inflorescence densely canescent or tomentose.
Leaf blades elliptic to oblanceolate-oblong, 12 to 20 em. long, soon glabrate;
spikelets sessile; sepals sparsely lanate at base______ 5. I. tomentella.
Leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, 8 cm. long or less, permanently pubescent ;
spikelets mostly pedicellate; sepals densely lanate____6. I. hartmanii.
Flowers dioecious.
Branches of the inflorescence glabrous or nearly so.
MEAVES PAD MLO LLC LOM ene ee he Se ee Ra gee CD 7. I. herrerae.
Leaves 2 to 15 em. long.
Bracts subcoriaceous, rounded at apex; lateral veins of the leaves nearly
OLSO LC ieee mete ere eae eR Ore ea eee are ee 8. I. palmeri.
Bracts scarious, mucronulate ; lateral veins of the leaves coarse and promi-
FaCEI OY EAs Dam Ba TS oe Bit Ok te te ga ae oe Se wie ts ee 9. I. interrupta.
Branches of the inflorescence densely pubescent.
Staminate spikelets glomerate at the ends of branches; leaf blades about as
broad as long, mostly suborbicular___________-_-_ 10. I. rotundifolia.
Staminate spikelets paniculate; leaf blades much longer than broad.
Sepals of the pistillate flowers rigid, green, the tips slightly spreading.
11. I. pringlei.
Sepals of the pistillate flowers thin, whitish, the tips erect or incurved.
Pubescence of branched. Inairs. = 24 2 12. LZ. ystricta.
Pubescence of simple hairs.
Panicles on long naked peduncles, narrow, the branches usually short.
Leaves soon glabrate; pubescence of the stems lustrous.
13. I. nitens.
Leaves permanently pubescent, at least beneath; pubescence dull.
14, I. schaffneri.
Panicles short-pedunculate or usually sessile, broad, the branches
commonly elongate.
Leaves white beneath with a usually dense tomentum.
Spikes usually sessile, short; leaves thick, subrugose; branches
Ofte esDAniclel Stouts 2. so See 15. I. cassiniaeformis.
Spikes nearly all pedunculate, elongate; leaves thin; branches
of the panicle slender, flexuous___________ 16. I. discolor.
Leaves not white beneath, the pubescence of yellowish, straight
or loosely matted hairs.
Panicles very dense; bracts and sepals villous only at base;
sepals of the staminate flowers 2.5 to 3 mm. long.
17. I. grandis.
Panicles loose and open; bracts and sepals copiously villous;
sepals of the staminate flowers 2 mm. long or shorter.
18. I. calea.
1. Iresine nigra Uline & Bray, Bot. Gaz. 21: 350. 1896.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America; type from San Pedro Sula, Hon-
duras,
Shrub with slender branches; leaves mostly ovate, 4.5 to 14 em. long, acute
to long-acuminate, glabrous.
258 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Iresine pacifica Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 96. 1916.
Sinaloa to Colima; type from Manzanillo.
Slender erect shrub, or often herbaceous, nearly glabrous; leaves ovate
or lanceolate, 4 to 10 cm. long.
8. Iresine angustifolia Euphrasén, Beskr. St. Barthel. 165. 1795.
Tresine elatior Rich.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 766. 1805.
Veracruz; Baja California. West Indies; Costa Rica to Brazil and Ecua-
dor; type from St. Bartholomew Island, West Indies.
Much-branched shrub, a meter high, or often herbaceous, nearly glabrous;
leaves mostly lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long.
4. Iresine arenaria Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 18: 93. 1916.
Sinaloa, on sandy hillsides, the type from Topolobampo.
Plants erect, fruticose at base, nearly glabrous; leaves mostly lanceolate,
2.5 to 4.5 em. long.
5. Iresine tomentella Stand]. Contr. U. §. Nat. Herb. 18: 97. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Gomez Farias, Tamaulipas.
Erect shrub, 1.5 to 2 meters high, with white flowers. ‘‘ Tepozan.”
6. Iresine hartmanii Uline, Field Mus. Bot. 1: 422. 1899.
Sonora and Durango; type from Granados, Sonora.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high.
7. Iresine herrerae Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 55. 1918.
Known only from the type locality, Rio Concordia, Oaxaca.
Erect shrub, 3 meters high, glabrous.
8. Iresine palmeri (S. Wats.) Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 5: 395.
1915.
Hebanthe palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 144. 1883.
Nuevo Leén to Veracruz; type from Guajuco, Nuevo Leén.
Scandent or decumbent shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves mostly ovate-oblong,
2 to 6 cm. long.
9. Iresine interrupta Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 156. 1844.
Alternanthera richardii Mog. in D. C. Prodr. 187: 358. 1849.
Hebanthe subnuda Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 20. 1882.
Sonora to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Puebla; type from Tepic. Guate-
mala.
Seandent or reclining shrub, 4 to 6 meters long, nearly glabrous, with pale
stems; leaves broadly ovate or lanceolate, acute or attenuate. ‘“‘ Barba. del-
viejo” (Sinaloa).
10. Iresine rotundifolia Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 96. 1916.
Puebla; type from San Luis Tultitlanapa.
Leaves 3.5 to 17 mm. long, tomentose beneath.
11. Iresine pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 161. 1890.
On rocky slopes, Jalisco to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Guadalajara.
Erect shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves ovate, 4 to 8 em. long, acuminate ;
flowers in large panicles.
12. Iresine stricta Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 97. 1916.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacain, Puebla.
Erect shrub, 30 to 80 cm. high; leaves oval to ovate, 1.8 to 3.5 em. long.
13. Iresine nitens Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 95. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Tehuacfin, Puebla.
Low erect shrub; leaves lanceolate, 2 to 6 em. long, acute.
es
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 259
14. Iresine schaffneri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 437. 1886.
Dry rocky hillsides, Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi, and Hidalgo; type from
San Luis Potosi.
Erect shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves ovate or lanceolate, 2 to 9 em. long.
“Tlatlon” (Querétaro).
15. Iresine cassiniaeformis Schauer, Linnaea 19: 708. 1847.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi.
Erect shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves mostly ovate, acute or obtuse.
16. Iresine discolor Greenm. Proé. Amer. Acad. 33: 477. 1898.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Santa Catarina Canyon, Oaxaca.
Erect shrub with slender branches; leaves oval, ovate, or oblong, 2 to 7 em.
long.
17. Iresine grandis Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 21: 163. 1917.
Jalisco to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Mexico, and Michoacan; type from Las
Canoas, San Luis Potosi. Guatemala.
Shrub, 1.5 to 8 meters high; leaves ovate, 6 to 13 em. long.
18. Iresine calea (Ibfnez) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:94. 1916.
Gomphrena latifolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 349. 1843.
Achyranthes calea Ibaiiez, Naturaleza 4:79. 1879.
Tresine latifolia Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 42. 1880. Not J. latifolia D. Dietr.
1839.
Hebanthe mollis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 20. 1882.
Tresine laxa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 454. 1886.
Baja California to Coahuila, Tamaulipas, and Chiapas; type from Puebla.
Central America.
Erect shrub, 1.5 to 6.5 meters high; leaves ovate, 4 t6 10 cm. long. ‘“ 'Tepozin”
(Tamaulipas) ; “ amargosillo”’ (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “ pié de paolma ” (Val.
ley of Mexico, Ramirez) ; “ tlatlancuaya,” “ hierba del tabardillo,” ‘ hierba de la
calentura ” (Puebla) ; “ mosquitero”’ (El Salvador). Robelo gives one of the
Mexican names as “clacancauayo’”’ derived from the Nahuatl tlatiancua-ye,
“which has knees,” referring to the jointed stems.
Reputed to have diuretic and diaphoretic properties; decoction of the plant
used in Puebla in the treatment of fevers.
34, ALLIONIACEAE. Four-o’clock Family.
REFERENCE: Standley, Allioniaceae, N. Amer. Fl. 21: 171-254. 1918.
Shurbs or trees, sometimes scandent; leaves opposite (in the genera listed
here), entire; flowers small and usually inconspicuous; corolla none.
Many herbaceous representatives of the family occur in Mexico. Bougain-
villea spectabilis Willd., a native of Brazil, is a favorite ornamental plant in
- Mexico. It is a tall spiny climber with alternate leaves, the small flowers being
borne on large, showy, purplish red bracts. It is known in Mexico by the fol-
lowing names: “Azalea de guia,” ‘*‘ bugambilla,’” ‘ bugevilla,’ ‘ bombilla,”
“bugavilea,’ ‘ hernandiazéa,’ ‘‘camelina.” Another well-known cultivated
plant of the family is the four-o’clock, Mirabilis jalapa L., known in Mexico as
“arrebolera,” “ maravilla,” ‘Don Diego de noche,” and ‘** trompetilla.”
Fruit bearing short-stalked glands.
Plants armed with spines; flowers in cymes___________________ 3. PISONTA.
Plants unarmed ; flowers in umbels.
Piantisverect stamens Gifoil lite = 5 ed fora ee 4. PISONIELLA.
Plants scandent or trailing; stamens 2 to 5__________ 5. COMMICARPUS.
260 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Fruit without glands.
Fruit with longitudinal wings; low shrubs____________ 6. SELINOCARPUS.
Fruit not winged; trees or large shrubs.
Stamens? Inchidedyis! te sieva counsel! «peal we shopl yotacs: 5 ylps 1. NEEA,
Stamens*exserted ais (ph yeeels). eal | ae tee eee ee 2. TORRUBIA.
1. NEEA’ Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 52. 1794.
Leaves sometimes verticillate; flowers dioecious; staminate perianth urceo-
late, 4 or 5-dentate; stamens 5 to 10; fruit ellipsoid.
ReavessCOniaceous: OppOSHG= ==) aa toe Se Se ee 1. N. choriophylla.
Leaves membranaceous.
Leaves mostly 2 to 6 cm. wide; stamens 5_____________ 2. N. psychotrioides.
Leaves less than 2 cm. wide; stamens 6.
Leaves partly verticillate, acuminate at apex______________ 3. N. tenuis.
Leaves opposite, obtuse or acutish_____________________ 4. N. sphaerantha.
1. Neea choriophylla Stand]. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 384. 1911.
Yucatan.
Leaf blades oval to obovate-oval, 4.5 to 7 em, long, abruptly acuminate;
perianth 3 mm. long.
2. Neea psychotrioides Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 16: 199. 1891.
Tabasco and Oaxaca. Guatemala (type from Escuintla) to Costa Rica.
Slender shrub, 2 to 8 meters high; leaves opposite or verticillate, oblong to
elliptic, 8 to 15 em. long, glabrous; perianth 4 to 8 mm. long.
8. Neea tenuis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 384. pl. 74. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, Orizaba, Veracruz.
Leaf blades elliptic-obleng or lance-elliptic, 4.4 to 5 cm, long; perianth 3 to
4 mm. long.
4, Neea sphaerantha Stand]. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 384. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, Izamal, Yucatan.
Leaves oblong or oval, 1 to 2 em. wide, glabrous; perianth 4 to 5 mm, long.
2. TORRUBIA Vell. Fl. Flum. 139. 1827.
Shrubs or small trees; flowers small, dioecious; fruit small, drupaceous.
Inflorescence lax, few-flowered ; leaf blades oval or oblong-oval__1. T. potosina.
Inflorescence dense, many-flowered ; leaf blades elliptic__2. T. linearibracteata.
1. Torrubia potosina Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 99. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Rascon, San Luis Potosi.
Leaves 5 to 10.5 em. long, acute or acuminate.
2. Torrubia linearibracteata (Heimerl) Stand]. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18:
100. 1916.
Pisonia linearibracteata Heimerl, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 221. 1913.
Yucatan; type from Chichen Itza.
Leaves 7.5 cm. long and 4.8 cm. wide or smaller.
3. PISONIA’ L. Sp. Pl. 1026. 1753,
Flowers small, dioecious, cymose; fruit 5-sided, puberulent, with stalked
glands along the angles.
‘The genus was named in honor of Luis Née, a Frenchman by birth but a
Spaniard by naturalization, who was an associate of Malaspina on his voyage
around the world (1789-1794). He collected chiefly in South America, but
also visited Mexico, landing at Acapulco and journeying to the capital, in com-
pany with Haenke. His collections are at Madrid.
* Named in honor of Willem Piso, a Dutch physician and naturalist, who vis-
ited Brazil in 1637.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 261
marine fruit 7 to 10 mm.*thickl = ss see st ae? es A 1. P. macranthocarpa.
Mature fruit 3 to 4 mm. thick.
Staminate flowers yellowish green, in loose open cymes 2.5 to 6 em. broad.
2. P. aculeata.
Staminate flowers dark red, in compact headlike cymes 1 to 2.2 cm. broad.
Leaf blades acute or acutish, obovate or oblong-obovate, nearly glabrous;
spines! Straightivie daisies. Jota Ase af o otipie 16-8 Pio flavéscens,
Leaf blades rounded or obtuse at apex, orbicular or rounded-obovate,
densely pubescent; spines usually recurved____---_--__~- 4. P. capitata.
1. Pisonia macranthocarpa Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 20: 293. 1895.
Pisonia aculeata macranthocarpa Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 16: 198. 1891.
Chiapas. Central America, Venezuela, and Cuba; type from Escuintla,
Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree with reddish brown branches, armed with few, usually
straight spines; leaves elliptic to broadly oval; flowers greenish yellow; fruit
1 to 2 cm. long.
2. Pisonia aculeata L. Sp. Pl. 1026. 1753.
Tamaulipas to Sinaloa and southward, chiefly along sea beaches. Southern
Florida, West Indies, Central America, tropical South -America, and southern
Asia.
Densely branched shrub, often with a thick trunk, the branches long and
drooping or subscandent, very spiny; leaves mostly 3 to 10 cm. long. variable
in shape; flowers sweet-scented ; fruit 9 to 12 em. long. ‘“ Peeb” or ‘“ hbeeb ”
(Yucatan, Maya) “ garabato” (Durango) ; “ garabato prieto,”’ “ ufa del diablo”
(Michoacan, Guerrero) ; “coma de ufia” (Tamaulipas); “ufia de gato” (Ta-
basco, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Porto Rico) ; “ huele de noche” (Oaxaca, Guate-
mala) ; “espino y camote’’ (Oaxaca or Chiapas, Seler) ; ‘‘ gu-ichi-gu”’ (Oaxaca,
Seler) ; ‘“ zarza”’ (Cuba) ; ‘“ escambrén” (Porto Rico) ; ‘“ espino negro” (Nica-
ragua). :
The branches are said to be used in Jamaica for barrel hoops. A decoction
of the leaves and bark is used in Yucatén, Jamaica, and elsewhere for rheu-
matism and venereal diseases. The glands of the fruit are extremely viscid,
and in herbarium specimens they retain their viscidity indefinitely. The fruits
adhere easily to the feathers of birds, sometimes in such abundance as to
prevent their flying.
3. Pisonia flavescens Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 389. 1911.
Extreme southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Branches slender, gray; leaves 4 to 6.5 em. long; fruit about 1 cm. long.
4. Pisonia capitata (S. Wats.) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 388. 1911.
Cryptocarpus capitatus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 71. 1889.
In sandy soil, Sonora to Tepic; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Densely branched shrub or small tree, sometimes 5 meters high, branched to
the ground or often with a distinct trunk; leaves 2 to 6 em. long; fruit 7 to 10
mm. long. “ Bainoro prieto,” ‘“‘ vainoro prieto,” “ garabato prieto”’ (Sinaloa) ;
“garambullo”’ (Sonora, Sinaloa).
A decoction of the fruit is said to be used for fevers.
4. PISONIELLA (Heimerl) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 385. 1911.
1. Pisoniella arborescens (Lag. & Rodr.) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
13: 385. 1911.
Boerhaavia arborescens Lag. & Rodr. Anal. Cienc. Nat. 4: 257. 1801.
262 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Pisonia hirtella H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 217. 1818.
Pisonia mexicana Willd.; Link, Enum, Pl. 1: 354. 1821.
Boerhaavia octandra 8. Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 26: 145. 1891.
Pisonia arborescens Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 37: 265. 1898.
Jalisco to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Salvatierra, Guanajuato.
Shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves broadly ovate or ovate-orbicular, 2.5 to
7 cm. long, obtuse or acute; flowers perfect, greenish white, 5 to 7 mm. long; fruit
dry, about 1 cm. long. “ Jazmincillo” (Valley of Mexico, etc.)
5. COMMICARPUS Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12:373. 1909.
Plants fruticose or suffrutescent, more or less scandent; flowers perfect,
umbellate or verticillate, small; fruit dry, cylindric, with very viscid glands.
Perianth 3 mm. long and broad, glabrous or obscurely puberulent; glands of the
fruit irregularly scattered________ aa eciyeate ate oat teh ME oe 1. C. scandens.
Perianth 7 to 8 mm. long, 10 mm. broad, short-villous or hirtellous ; glands of the
iMiceczrOuped im tLanSVeErse DANGS === === sees eee 2. C. brandegei.
1. Commicarpus scandens (L.) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 373. 1909.
Boerhaavia scandens L. Sp. Pl. 3. 1753.
Nearly throughout Mexico, in fencerows and waste ground. Western Texas
and southern Arizona; West Indies; South America; type from Jamaica.
Leaves cordate-ovate or ovate-deltoid, 1.5 to 6.5 cm. long, acute; flowers
greenish yellow; fruit about 1 cm. long. “ Bejuco de purgacién” (Porto Rico) ;
* sonorita’’ (Sinaloa).
A decoction of the roots is said to be used in Porto Rico for venereal diseases. —
2. Commicarpus brandegei Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 374. 1909.
Boerhaavia elongata T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 199. 1889. Not
B. elongata Salisb. 1796.
Southern Baja California; type from San Pablo.
Plants 2 meters long or more, with whitish stems; flowers white.
6. SELINOCARPUS A. Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 15: 262. 1853.
Low shrubs, more or less pubescent; flowers perfect, solitary in the leaf
axils.
Several herbaceous species also occur in Mexico.
Perianth 1 cm. long. Leaves linear or linear-oblong____—__ 1. S. angustifolius,
Perianth 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long.
Leaves linear, 1 to 4 em. long, obscurely glandular-puberulent or glabrous.
2. S. palmeri.
Leaves narrowly spatulate-oblong, 0.4 to 1.1 cm. long, densely glandular-
1 aU (2) 0 1b = eens el pt eae serfs ner apap hbo pre pe ns 3. S. purpusianus.
1. Selinocarpus angustifolius Torr, U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 170. 1859.
Coahuila. Western Texas, the type from Presidio del Norte.
Plants fruticose below, 10 to 40 em. high; flowers often cleistogamous;
fruit 5.5 to 7.5 mm. long, with 5 thin wings.
2. Selinocarpus palmeri Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 6. 1882.
Known only from the type locality, San Lorenzo de Laguna, Coahuila,
Flowers 3.5 em. long, the stamens long-exserted.
3. Selinocarpus purpusianus Heimerl, Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 63: 353. 1913.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra del Rey, Coahuila.
Shrub, 10 to 20 em. high; flowers 2.5 to 3 cm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 263
35. BATIDACEAE.
1. BATIS L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1380. 1759.
1. Batis maritima L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1880. 1759.
On seacoasts, Tamaulipas to Yucatan; Baja California and Sonora to
Colima and probably to Chiapas. Widely distributed in tropical America;
Hawaii.
Hrect or prostrate shrub, sometimes a meter high; leaves opposite, fleshy,
semiterete, 1 to 2.5 em. long; flowers small, dioecious, in short axillary spikes.
“TLechuga de mar” (Nicaragua); “ barrilla” (Porto Rico).
The leaves have a salty flavor and have been eaten as a salad. In the
West Indies ashes of the plant have been used in the manufacture of soap
and glass. Descourtilz reports that the leaves were used in the treatment of
ulcers, and that they have aperitive and diuretic properties.
36. PHYTOLACCACEAE. Pokeweed Family.
REFERENCE: Walter in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 838. 1909.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves alternate, entire; flowers small, perfect or uni-
sexual; corolla usually none.
A number of herbaceous species of other genera occur in Mexico. It may be
that some of the Mexican species of Phytolacca become shrubs, but the writer
has seen no conclusive evidence to this effect.
Petals 5; aril of the seed large. Fruit a capsule, 1 to 5-seeded.
1. STEGNOSPERMA.
Petals none; aril small or none.
Ovary semi-inferior; leaves cordate. Plants scandent; fruit dry, 1-seeded.
2. AGDESTIS.
Ovary superior ; leaves not cordate.
Perianth 5-parted. Fruit baccate____-_____________38. ACHATOCARPUS.
Perianth 4-parted.
Pedicels ebracteolate; branches spinose______.4. PHAULOTHAMNUS.
Pedicels bracteolate; branches not spinose.
Fruit dry; flowers subsessile, appressed to the rachis.
5. PETIVERIA.
Fruit baccate; flowers pedicellate, not appressed.
Plants’ erect? ‘stamens 4017 -tat:) * etroosa mice RBmiirE 6. RIVINA.
Plants scandent; stamens 8 to many_____- 7. TRICHOSTIGMA.
1. STEGNOSPERMA Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 17. 1844.
1. Stegnosperma halimifolium Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 17. 1844.
Baja California and Sonora to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Baja Califor-
nia. Guatemala and Nicaragua; Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola.
Glabrous shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high; leaves obovate or elliptic; flowers per-
fect, racemose, green tinged with red. ‘*“‘ Amole” (Baja California) ; ‘“‘ bledo
carbonero” (Cuba).
The powdered root is used in Baja California as a substitute for soap. The
plant has the reputation of being a cure for hydrophobia. It grows at low ele-
vations, usually near the seacoast. The flowers are borne at nearly all times
of the year.
2. AGDESTIS Moc. & Sessé; DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 543. 1818.
1. Agdestis clematidea Moc. & Sessé; DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 543. 1818.
Nuevo Leén to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Western Texas; Guatemala; reported
from the West Indies and Brazil, but probably cultivated there.
55268—22 r¢
264 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Plants scandent, the stems mostly herbaceous; root large, turnip-shaped;
leaves rounded-cordate; flowers white, showy, with a slight fetid odor, ar-
ranged in paniculate racemes. ‘‘ Hierba del indio” (Tamaulipas) ; “tripas de
Judas” (Oaxaca, Reko). Walter reports the name “thusch” from Mexico.
Palmer states the roots weigh as much as six pounds.
3. ACHATOCARPUS Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 9: 45. 1858.
Trees or shrubs; flowers small, dioecious; perianth 5-lobed; stamens 10 to
20; fruit baccate.
Leaves densely pubescent beneath____-__-_______-_________- 1. A. oaxacanus,
Leaves glabrous.
Bram chilets/ACWleate se oo ee ee 2. A. gracilis.
SPAM COLEES QUmea EIN GC eas hk se eee Se ea ee 3. A. mexicanus.
1. Achatocarpus oaxacanus Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected between Jamiltepec and Rio Verde, Oaxaca (Nelson 2358;
U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 569298).
Branches puberulent, armed with slender spines 6 mm. long or less; leaves
short-petiolate, obovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 5.5 to 6.5 em. long, 2.5 to 3.5
cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at apex, acute to attenuate at base, glabrate above,
densely pubescent beneath along the costa; racemes numerous, few-flowered,
2.5 em. long, or less, the rachis puberulent, the pedicels 1 to 2 mm, long;
sepals 2 mm. long, obovate to suborbicular, rounded at apex, minutely puber-
ulent or glabrate; fruit 8 mm. in diameter, glabrous.
2. Achatocarpus gracilis H. Walt. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 83:137. f. 41.
1909.
Known only from the type locality, Petatlin, Guerrero, altitude 50 meters.
Glabrous tree with slender brown branches, armed with straight spines;
leaves obovate-lanceolate, 6 cm. long, obtuse; flowers small, paniculate.
8. Achatocarpus mexicanus H. Walt. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 83: 139. 1909.
Veracruz and Chiapas; type collected between Tapana and La Junta, Chiapas.
Shrub or tree, glabrous, unarmed; leaves elliptic, 8.5 em. long; flowers race-
mose.
4. PHAULOTHAMNUS A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 294. 1885.
1. Phaulothamnus spinescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, 20: 294. 1885.
Baja California, Sonora (type locality), and Sinaloa.
Erect glabrous shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, with gray branches; leaves oblan-
ceolate, about 1.5 em. long; flowers small, in short racemes.
5. PETIVERIA L. Sp. Pl. 342. 1753.
1. Petiveria alliacea L. Sp. Pl. 342. 1753.
Petiveria octandra I. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 486. 1762.
Petiveria hexandria Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 98. 1894.
Baja California to Jalisco, Chiapas, Yucatan, and Veracruz. Widely distrib-
uted in tropical America; type from Jamaica.
Suffrutescent, about a meter high, or often wholly herbaceous, with a strong
odor of garlic; leaves ovate or elliptic, with minute stipules; flowers small, pink,
white, or green, in long slender interrupted spikelike racemes. “ Zorrillo”
(Tabasco, Yucatin, Sinaloa, Nicaragua, Michoacéin, Guerrero); “ hierba de
las gallinitas” (Oaxaca, Yucatéin) ; “ pay-ché,” “xpay-ché” (Yucatan, Maya;
“skunk-plant”); “anamfii’” (Cuba, Porto Rico, Panama, Colombia, Santo
Domingo); “apazote de zorro” (Guatemala); “hispasina” (Guatemala) ;
“ipacina” (Nicaragua).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 265
Known in Jamaica as “ guinea-hen weed.” Probably as a result of its strong
and characteristic odor, the plant has been much used in domestic medicine. It
is reputed to have diuretic, sudorific, expectorant, antispasmodic, and depura-
tive properties, and has been used as a vermifuge, emmenagogue, and abortefa-
cient, and for toothache (the roots inserted in cavities in the teeth), fevers,
rheumatism, paralysis, venereal diseases, hysteria and other nervous diseases,
hydrophobia, and scorpion stings. Palmer’s notes indicate that in Sinaloa the
leaves are bound upon the forehead to relieve headache, and that the powdered
roots are used as a snuff for nasal catarrh. It is stated that when cows eat the
plant an alliaceous flavor is imparted to their milk. Descourtilz reports that in
the West Indies the roots were placed among woolen goods to protect them from
insects.
6. RIVINA L. Sp. Pl. 121. 1753.
1. Rivina humilis L. Sp. Pl. 121. 1753.
Rivina laevis L. Mant. Pl. 1: 41. 1767.
Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in tropical America.
Suffrutescent, up to 1 meter high, sometimes wholly herbaceous; leaves petio-
late, ovate, acute or acuminate, bright green; flowers small, white or greenish,
racemose ; fruit a small, 1-seeded, red or orange berry. ‘‘ Coral” (various locali-
ties) ; “ coralito,” ‘“‘ coralillo’’ (Durango) ; “‘ hierba mora,” “ saca-tinta,” “ cora-
lille,’ ‘“coralillo carmin” (Nicaragua); “ carmin” (Colombia, Porto Rice) ;
“ojo de raton,” “coralitos” (Cuba); “ pimpin,” “ pinta-pinta” (Colombia) ;
“sangre de toro” (Argentina, Uruguay); “ caimancillo” (Santo Dominge).
The fruit is full of blood-red juice, which yields a red dye. The leaves are
said to be used for catarrh and for treating wounds. The fruit is reported
to be edible. Sometimes known as “ rouge-plant.”
R. portulaccoides Nutt., with slightly larger flowers, and R. purpurascens
Schrad., with purplish flowers in long stiff racemes, are recognized by Walter
as distinct species, but they do not appear to differ essentially from the eommon
form,
7. TRICHOSTIGMA A. Rich. Pl. Vasc. Cub. 1: 627. 1845.
1. Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H. Walt. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 83:
109. 1909,
Rivina octandra L. Cent. Pl. 2: 1756.
Villamilla octandra Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 81. 1880.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Widely distributed in trop-
ical America,
Scandent shrub, sometimes 5 meters long; leaves elliptic or ovate, acute,
petiolate; flowers smalJl, whitish or purplish, racemose; fruit a smal] black 1-
seeded berry. ‘‘ Bejuco de paloma” (Porto Rico) ; “ guacamayo” (Colombia) ;
“sotacaballo” (Costa Rica) ; “bejuco canasta,” “ guaniqui” (Cuba) ; “ pabel-
l6n del rey’? (Santa Domingo).
The leaves have been used in Colombia for the treatment of wounds, and the
. Stems in Jamaica for barrel hoops.
37. PORTULACACEAE. Portulaca Family.
Some of the species of Talinum should prehaps be classed as shrubs.
1. TALINOPSIS A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 14. 1852.
1. Talinopsis frutescens A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 15. pl. 3. 1852.
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi and Puebla. Western Texas (type locality)
and southern New Mexico.
266 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Brittle erect shrub, 60 cm. high or less; leaves opposite, linear, fleshy ; flowers
in terminal cymes; fruit a capsule.
38. RANUNCULACEAE. Buttercup Family.
Many herbaceous representatives of the family occur in Mexico.
1. CLEMATIS L. Sp. Pl. 543. 1753.
Seandent shrubs; leaves opposite, pinnate; flowers often showy; fruit of
achenes, each with a long hairy tail.
Several Asiatic species of Clematis are frequent in cultivation as ornamental
vines, and some of them are grown in Mexico. Ramirez reports the name
“ sacamecate”’ as used in Hidalgo for some unidentified native species.
Milowers: solitary; sepals .erect,, purplish == ee 1. C. pitcheri.
Wlowers paniculate; sepals spreading, white.
Flowers polygamo-dioecious, the staminate and pistillate borne upon the
same plant.
Leaflets 3, mostly 4.5 to 9 em. long, long-acuminate______ 2. C. pubescens.
Leaflets normally 5 or 7, usually less than 3.5 cm. jong, obtuse or acutish.
3. C. paucifiora.
Ylowers dioecious.
Leaflets all or partly 3-lobed or parted_____________-__ 4. C. drummondii.
Leaflets entire or dentate or very shallowly-lobed.
Leaflets entire, very densely yellow-sericeous_________~_____ 5. C. rufa.
Leaflets entire or dentate, if entire, never densely sericeous.
Leaflets entire or with a few narrow acute teeth, glabrous or thinly
sericeous beneath, usually rounded at base__________ 6. C. dioica.
Leaflets with few or numerous broad, obtuse or rounded teeth, often
densely sericeous or pilose beneath, frequently cordate at base.
Leaflets large, mostly 6 to 10 ecm. long, usually densely pilose or
SELICCOUS? DEUCE Cae eee ee, emer cae ie ere oe 7. C. grossa.
Leaflets mostly less than 4 em. long, thinly sericeous or glabrate be-
neath: fe) soy I sintil 2 A ee Pere 8. C. ligusticifolia.
=
. Clematis pitcheri Torr. & Gray, F]. N. Amer. 1: 10. 1839.
Clematis filifera Benth. Pl. Hartw. 285. 1848.
Clematis filifera incisa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 2. 1879.
Clematis pitcheri filifera Robinson in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 6. 1895.
Viorna pitcheri Britton in Britt. & Brown, Illustr. Fl. ed. 2. 2: 123. 1913.
Coahuila to Sinaloa and Hidalgo. Texas to Nebraska and Indiana.
Shrub with reddish stems, sparsely pubescent; leaflets ovate, with prominent
veins, acute or acutish; flowers about 2.5 em. long, with thick leathery sepals.
“Barba de viejo” (Sinaloa).
The specimens are somewhat variable, but apparently they represent a single
species. This plant is reported by Sessé and Mocifio’* as Clematis viorna, a
species native of the eastern United States.
2. Clematis pubescens Benth. Pl. Hartw. 5. 1839.
Guanajuato (type locality) to Oaxaca.
Leaflets 5 to 9 em. long, long-acuminate, sparsely dentate or entire; Sepals
about 8 mm. long.
3. Clematis paucifiora Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 9. 1838.
Baja California; reported from Sonora. California.
Plants nearly glabrous; sepals about 2 em. long; achenes glabrous.
A specimen from western Chihuahua probably belongs here also.
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. ed. 2. 85. 1893.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 267
- 4, Clematis drummondii Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 9, 1838.
Clematis nervata Benth, Pl. Hartw. 5. 1839.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi to Baja California and Sinaloa. Texas
(type locality) to Arizona.
Plants copiously pubescent, scandent over other shrubs; leaflets usually small
and narrow, rarely over 3 cm. long, attenuate, usually deeply lobed; sepals 8
to 14 mm. long, white. “ Barba de chivo” (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Zacatecas,
Tamaulipas, etc.) ; “hierba de los avaros” (San Luis Potosi, Safford).
Very variable in pubescence and leaf form, but none of the forms seem
specifically distinct.
5. Clematis rufa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 95. 1906.
Known only from the type locality, between Tenejapa and Yatalon, Chiapas.
The plant differs from C. grossa only in its entire leaflets, and additional
material is necessary to determine its claim to specific rank. This and the
following species are very closely related, and it is probable that they are all
forms of a single one, C. dioica.
6. Clematis dioica L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1084. 1759.
Clematis americana Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Clematis no. 14. 1768.
Clematis acapulcensis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 410. 1841.
Clematis grahami Benth. Pl. Hartw. 5. 1839.
San Luis Potosi to Sinaloa, Chiapas, and Yucatan. West Indies, Central
America, and South America.
Very variable in pubescence and shape of the leaflets; flowers often in large
showy panicles; fruit conspicuous because of the feathery tails, these 3 to 6
em. long. ‘“ Cabeza de vieja” (Chiapas) ; “barba de viejo” (Tabasco, Michoa-
can, Valley of Mexico, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua) ; “barbas de chivo”
(Michoacin, ete.); “barba de chivato” (Nuevo Leén); “barbas de gato”
(Mexico) ; “ chilillo” (Michoacan) ; “ chilillo de cerro” (Hidalgo) ; “ cabellos
de angel” (Guatemala, Costa Rica, Cuba, Porto Rico); ‘ crespillo” (Nica-
ragua).
Known in Jamaica as “ virgin’s-bower” and “traveler’s joy.” The stems
contain a coarse fiber and are used occasionally as a substitute for twine.
The leaves of this and other species have an acrid flavor; crushed and ap-
plied to the skin they are rubefacient and finally vesicant, and because of this
property they are used in domestic medicine. The dried leaves lose their
acrid properties. An ointment made with the leaves is used for cutaneous
diseases. An infusion of the flowers and leaves is employed as a cosmetic,
for removing freckles and other blemishes from the skin. The plant is said to
be poisonous to cattle, and the root to have purgative properties. °
In spite of the variability exhibited, it seems impossible to divide the ample
material at hand into groups characterized by any constant or important char-
acter. Specimens referred by Hemsley to C. fammulastrum Griseb. belong here,
as well as material referred to C. caripensis H. B. K. and C. sericea H. B. K.
Clematis dioica or a closely related species is figured and described by Her-
nandez* under the heading. ‘De Cocoztamatl, seu luteo tamatli, Urinaria
mirabili.” His account, in part, is as follows:
“ Cocoztamatl, which some ¢all Cocoztic, Cocoztin, or Cocoztli, is a climbing
shrub, having a thick pale root, whence the name. The stems are smooth, slen-
der, and round; the leaves sinuous and divided into three points. The flowers
are white, of moderate size, very like those of Izquirochitl, and from them
there spring berries, not unlike cherries, but white in color. The root is pale and
*Thesaurus 118. 1651.
268 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
inodorous, its taste slimy, of moderate temper or slightly inclined to coldness
and humidity. It is a wonderful diuretic, expels phlegm, and removes all
urinary obstructions.”
The name “ cocoztamatl” (‘“ yellow tomato,” of no application to the plant)
is doubtless incorrect, and should be rather “ cocotemecatl” (‘‘ pungent-vine”’),
as is indicated by Hernandez’s second account’ of the plant, which also is ae-
companied by a figure. The description of the fruit, of course, is erroneous. The
second account is headed ‘‘ De Cocotemeeatl, seu fune volubili acri,’ and is as
follows:
“ Cocotemecatl, which some call Cocotemecaxihuiil, is an herb with leaves like
those of basil [Ocimum], but much larger, angled, and crenate. The stem is
purplish and climbing; the flowers are small, borne on the ends of hairy branch-
lets, and they change into purplish white pappus; the roots are fibrous. It grows
at Yacapichtlan and Quauhquechollan, in hot and rocky places. The leaves,
which are glutinous, if crushed and taken in the quantity of a handful, cure
dysentery. The root and stems are hot and dry in the fourth degree; they are
a remedy for ringworm and, if taken in a dose of two drachms, calm pains in
the stomach and colic; they are diuretic, aid parturition, cure those affections
which arise from cold, and allay pains caused by wind.”
7. Clematis grossa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 33. 1840.
Clematis rhodocarpa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 95. 1906.
Tamaulipas to Tepiec and Chiapas; type from San Bartolo. Central America.
Closely related to C. dioica, but apparently distinct, but perhaps not essen-
tially different from C. sericea H. B. K., to which specimens have been referred ;
leaflets usually with numerous large coarse teeth. ‘‘ Chilillo” (Mexico, Vera-
eruz); “barba de vejo” (Oaxaca, Guatemala); ‘“barba de chivo” (Oaxaca,
Veracruz).
Roots said to be used as a remedy for distemper in horses.
8. Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1:9. 1838.
Northern Chihuahua and Sonora. Western United States; type from the
Rocky Mountains.
Leaflets usually 5 or 7; achenes densely sericeous.
C. neomexicana Woot. & Standl.,? described from the San Luis Mountains, on
the border between Sonora and New Mexico, is probably not essentially different.
39. BERBERIDACEAE. Barberry Family.
1. ODOSTEMON Raf. Amer. Month. Mag. 192. 1817.
REFERENCE» Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 30-1338. 1901.
Shrubs or small trees with yellow wood; leaves alternate, estipulate, pin-
nate, the leaflets 3 to many, usually dentate, the teeth often spine-tipped;
flowers yellow, perfect, racemose; fruit a berry, with few seeds.
The wood is used in Mexico to give a yellow dye. The roots of O. aquifolium
(Pursh) Rydb. (Berberis aquifolium Pursh), a species native of the western
United States, but closely related to some of the Mexican ones, are official
in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. They are bitter and contain the alkaloids ber-
berine, oxyacanthine, and berbamine. Both the fruit and roots have been
recommended as possessing alterative, laxative, tonic, and diuretic properties.
They are employed in syphilitic and scrofulous affections, chronic cutaneous
diseases, convalescence from fevers, ete. This plant is known in the United
States as Oregon grape; it is the state flower of Oregon.
* Thesaurus 141. 1651.
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 122. 1913.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 269
Leaflets 3, the terminal one sessile.
Leaflets green, merely coriaceous, dentate______________ 18. O. eutriphyllus.
Leaflets pale, rigid-coriaceous, deeply lobed___-_________- 13. O. trifoliolatus.
Leaflets usually more than 3, if 3 the terminal leaflet petiolulate.
Flowers paniculate or in elongate long-pedunculate racemes.
Leaflets entire.
inflorescence .paniculate.—_—=——== ==. ==~~ =s+—=2-==— 1. O. ehrenbergii.
Inflorescence racemose.
HECAeES a Cube sees Suey Te te Se be 4. O. tenuifolius.
Leaflets rounded or very obtuse at the apex.
Pedicels 3 to 5 mm. long; leaflets green_____________ 2. O. chochoco.
Pedicels 15 to 20 mm. long; leaflets very pale, especially beneath.
3. O. longipes.
Leaflets dentate.
Leaflets narrowly lanceolate, mostly 8 to 12 em. long__5. O. lanceolatus.
Leaflets ovate or oval, usually much less than 8 cm. long.
Lateral leaflets 2 pairs____________________-_-__6. O. quinquefolius.
Lateral leaflets 3 to 6 pairs.
Leafiets acute or acutish.
Teeth of the leaflets small, appressed; leaflets subcoriaceous.
7. O. hartwegii.
Teeth of the leaflets large, spreading; leaflets coriaceous.
8. O. ilicinus.
Leaflets rounded or very obtuse at the apex.
Mlowers’ racemose___. pie 2 ies} aagaioss 9. O. andrieuxii.
Flowers paniculate.
Leaflets subsessile, remote___--________________ 10. O. pallidus.
Leaflets evidently petiolulate, the margins overlapping.
Leaflets 4 to 5 em. long, 2 to 3 em. wide____11. O. zimapanus.
Leaflets 5 to 11 cm. long, 3 to § em, wide________ 12. O. paxii.
Flowers in short, sessile or short-pedunculate racemes.
Leaflets very rigid, pale on both surfaces, with large stiff teeth.
sing 14, O. fremontii.
Leaflets merely coriaceous, deep green on one or both surfaces.
Leaflets entire or with few appressed teeth______________ 15. O. gracilis.
Leafiets with numerous spreading teeth.
Leafiets 1 to 2 cm. long, 0.7 to 1 cm. wide________ 16. O. angustifolius.
Leaflets 3 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 4 cm. wide.
Leaflets ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate_____________ 17. O. incertus.
Leaflets ovate to broadly oval.
ECA CESIMUSU SNL y byt cae el asd Teh ee eee eek, 19. O. trifolius.
Leaflets 7 to 11 in all or most of the leaves.
Leaflets much longer than broad, mostly 1 to 1.5 em. wide, with
——————
mRuMeroUs Small teeth. = 22 See 2s 20. O. fascicularis.
Leaflets little longer than broad, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, with few large
OCT aes 2 kereamees <a Sheen) Re: eee on 7: eee ene 21. O. wilcoxii.
1. Odostemon ehrenbergii’* (Kunze) Standl.
Berberis ehrenbergii Kunze, Linnaea 20: 45. 1847.
Mahonia ehrenbergii Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 106. 1901.
*Carl August Ehrenberg (1801-1849) spent 10 years (1831-1840) in Mexico in
Oaxaca, Puebla, Mexico, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosi, and other states. He was
especially interested in Cactaceae, many species of which he introduced into
cultivation in Europe. His collections consisted of about 2,000 numbers.
270 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Grown from seeds from southern Mexico, probably from Veracruz; not known
in the wild state.
Leafiets 7 to 15, ovate, obtuse, entire; flowers whitish, in lax racemes.
2. Odostemon chochoco (Schlecht.) Stand]. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31: 183.
1918.
Berberis chochoco Schlecht. Bot. Zeit. 12: 652. 1854.
Mahonia chochoco Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 103. 1901.
Nuevo Leén, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type from Chococala.
Tree, 6 to 9 meters high; leaflets oval or oblong, 3.5 to 5.5 cm. long, lustrous,
with conspicuous venation; fruit blue. ‘ Chochoco,” “ palo amarillo.”
Wood used for tanning and dyeing.
8. Odostemon longipes Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31: 133. 1918.
Known only from the type locality, San Ramon, Durango.
Tree, 7.5 to 9 meters high, with a trunk 60 cm. or less in diameter, and a large
crown; leaflets 11 or 13, oblong, 3.5 to 5.5 em. long; fruit blue, edible. ‘“‘ Palo
amarillo.”
4. Odostemon tenuifolius (Lindl.) Standl.
Berberis tenuifolia Lindl. Bot. Reg. Misc. 24. 1838.
Mahonia tenuifolia Loud.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 197. 1840.
Berberis fraxinifolia Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 329, 330. 1841.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan.
Shrub, 8 meters high; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 4.5 to 10 cm. long, bright
green; flowers in very long racemes.
5. Odostemon lanceolatus (Benth.) Standl.
Berberis lanceolata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 34. 1840.
Mahonia lanceolata Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Hngler 31: 92. 1901.
Hidalgo; type from Apulco; perhaps also in Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leafiets 11 to 17, spine-toothed ; fruit blue.
6. Odostemon quinquefolius Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31: 133. 1918.
Puebla ; type from Cerro Matzize, near San Luis Tultitlanapa. s
Large glabrous shrub; leaflets 5, oblong-ovate or ovate-oval, 3 to 5.3 cm.
long; racemes 7 to 11 cm. long.
7. Odostemon hartwegii (Benth.) Standl.
Berberis hartwegii Benth. Pl. Hartw. 34. 1840.
Mahonia hartwegii Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 109. 1901.
Known only from the type locality, Contadero, Hidalgo.
Leaflets 11 to 15, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ; racemes 30 cm. long.
8. Odostemon ilicinus (Schlecht.) Standl.
Mahonia ilicina Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 286. 1835.
Berberis ilicina Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 23. 1879.
Veracruz and Hidalgo; type from plains between Guantololalpa and Tlachi-
chilco, Veracruz.
Shrub, 0.5 to 3 meters high; leaflets 11 to 15.
9. OCdostemon andrieuxii* (Hook. & Arn.) Standl.
Berberis andrieuxii Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 318. 1841.
Mahonia andrieuxii Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 103. 1901.
f
Known only from the original collection, from somewhere in southern ~
Mexico.
1G. Andrieux, concerning whom no accurate data are available, collected in
the states of Oaxaca, Puebla, and Mexico about 1834. His collections were
distributed to various European herbaria.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. Tt
10. Odostemon pallidus (Hartw.) Standl.
Berberis pallida Hartw.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 34. 1840.
Mahonia pallida Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 109. 1901.
Hidalgo to Oaxaca; type from Cardonal, Hidalgo.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leafiets 9 to 13, oval, 3 to 6.5 em.
Jong, rounded or obtuse at the apex, pale beneath; panicles 15 to 25 em. long.
“Palo amarillo.” ~
11. Odostemon zimapanus (Fedde) Standl.
- Mahonia cimapana Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 111. 1901.
Hidalgo and Mexico; type. from Las Verdosas, near Zimapan, Hidalgo.
12. Odostemon paxii (Fedde) Standl.
Mahonia parit Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 1138. 1901.
Known only from the type locality, between Zimapaén and Encarnaci6n,
Hidalgo.
13. Odostemon trifoliolatus (Moric.) Heller, Muhlenbergia 7: 139. 1912.
Berberis trifoliclata Moric. Pl. Amer. Rar. 113. pl. 69. 1841.
Berberis ilicifolia Scheele, Linnaea 21: 591. 1848.
Mahonia trifoliolata Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: $6. 1901.
Chihuahua and Coahuila to San Luis Potosi. Western Texas (type lo-
cality) and southern New Mexico.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets mostly 3 to 5 em. long, very thick and
rigid, pale, especially beneath, with large spiny lobes or teeth; fruit red.
“Agritos ” (Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Texas); “agrillo” (San Luis Petosi, Seaf-
ferd) ; “palo amarillo” (Chihuahua, Nuevo Leén, Durango).
In Texas and New Mexico the name “agrito” is corrupted into “ agarita”
or even “ algerita.” ,
The wood is sometimes used for tanning and for making ink. Like that of
other species, it yields a yellow dye. The acid fruit is utilized for jelly,
preserves, and tarts, and wine has been made from it. The roasted seeds are
said to have been used as a coffee substitute. A decoction of the roct is
reported to be employed in Texas as a remedy for toothache. The fiowers are
said to supply bees with a good quality of honey.
This is presumably the species to which Berlandier’* gives the name Chryso-
dendron tinctoria, a new genus which, however, is not technically described.
He states that the plant is known in Tamaulipas as “palo amarillo,’ and is
used by the Indians to dye deerskins and cotton goods.
14. Odostemon fremontii (Torr.) Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 141. 1906.
Berberis fremontii Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 30. 1859.
Mahonia fremontii Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 98. 1901.
Sonora and Baja California. New Mexico to southern Utah (type locality )
and California.
Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high, often forming dense rounded clumps; leafiets
usually 5, about 2 cm. long, very spiny; fruit reddish, nearly dry.
A specimen collected by Pringle in Sonora is referred by Fedde to 0.
haematocarpus (Wooton) Heller. This and O. fremontii are not very sharply
differentiated. It seems better to the present writer to refer all the Mexican
*In Diario de viage de la Comision de Limites que puso el Gobierno de la Re-
pablica bajo la direccién del Exmo. Sr. general de divisién D. Manuel de
Mier y Teran. Mexico, 1850. The name appears on p. 170.
?Muhlenbergia 7: 129. 1912. Berberis hacmatocarpa Wooton, Bull. Torrey
Club 25: 304. 1898; type from New Mexico.
272 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
material to the latter species. One of the Baja California specimens seems to be
intermediate between the two species.
15. Odostemon gracilis (Hartw.) Standl.
Berberis gracilis Hartw.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 34. 1840.
Mahonia subintegrifolia Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 94. 1901.
Mahonia gracilis Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 95. 1901.
Nuevo Leén to Oaxaca; type from Zimapan, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaflets 5 or 7, ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long, acute;
fruit blue. ‘‘ Palo amarillo” (Mexico).
16. Odostemon angustifolius (Hartw.) Standl.
Berberis angustifolia Hartw.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 34. 1840.
Mahonia angustifolia Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 91. 1901.
Known only from the type locality, between Actopan and Pachuca, Hidalgo.
Shrub, about 4 meters high; leaflets 5 to 9, oblong-lanceolate; fruit purple,
sweet.
17. Odostemon incertus (Fedde) Standl.
Mahonia incerta Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 93. 1901.
Known only from the type locality, between Real del Monte and Atotonilco
El Chico, Hidalgo.
18. Odostemon eutriphylius (Fedde) Standl.
Mahonia eutriphylla Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 91. 1901.
Coahuila to Mexico; type from La Encarnaci6én.
Low shrub; leaflets oval or broader, 2 to 3 em. long, very spiny.
A specimen from Ixtaccihuatl was collected on rocks above timber line at an
altitude of 3,900 meters. It is possible that the material referred here repre-
sents more than a single species. Palmer’s no. 14, from Coahuila, is referred to
O. schiedeanus by Fedde, but the specimen of this collection in the National
Herbarium is certainly not that species. Probably two different plants were
distributed under the same number.
19. Odostemon trifolius (Cham. & Schlecht.) Standl.
Berberis trifolia Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 211. 1830.
Mahonia trifolia Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 1616. 1830.
Berberis schiedeana Schlecht. Bot. Zeit. 12: 654. 1854.
Mahonia schiedeana Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31:90. 1901.
Hidaigo and Mexico; type from the plains between Guantotalapa and Tlachi-
chileo (Veracruz ?).
Low shrub, sometimes prostrate; ascending in the Sierra de las Cruces to
3,600 meters; leaflets oval, 2 to 3 cm. long, very spiny ; fruit blue.
20. Odostemon fascicularis (DC.) Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 360. 1910.
Berberis pinnata Lag. Elench. Hort. Madr. 6. 1803, nomen nudum.
Mahonia fascicularis DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 2: 19. 1821.
Berberis moramensis Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 17. 1829.
Mahonia pinnata Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 86. 1901.
Mahonia pinnata cachira Fedde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 88. 1901.
Veracruz to Guanajuato, Michoacfin, and Oaxaca. Guatemala; California, the
type from Monterey.
Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high; leaflets with small spiny teeth. The following
names are reported, but probably at least some of them apply to other species:
“ Retamilla,” “ xoxoco” (Mexico); “palo jarilla’” (Valley of Mexico); “ ca-
chisdé” (Hidalgo, Mexico, Guanajuato); “camisdi” (Hidalgo, Veracruz) ;
“ quisquirindin,” “ quisquiringuin” (Hidalgo, Distrito Federal); “palo ama-
rillo”; “lefia amarilla”; “ palo de tefiir;” “ yagabuxe” (Oaxaca).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 273
The fruit is rather sweet and edible; it and the bark are used in domestic
medicine.
21. Odostemon wilcoxii (Kearney) Heller, Muhlenbergia 7: 139. 1912.
Berberis wilcorvii Kearney, Trans. N. Y. Acad. 14: 29. 1894.
Northern Sonora. Southern Arizona and New Mexico; type from Fort Hua-
ehuca, Arizona.
Low shrub; leafiets 3 to 5 cm. long, lustrous; fruit blue.
This is referred by Fedde to O. dictyotus (Jepson) Abrams,’ and may not
be specifically distant from that California plant.
40. MENISPERMACEAE. Moonseed Family.
Shrubs, usually scandent; leaves alternate, estipulate, petiolate, entire or
lobate; flowers small, dioecious, cymose, the cymes racemose or paniculate;
petals and Sepals usually 6 each; stamens as many as the petals and opposite
them.
Endosperm none; leaves thick-coriaceous, glabrous_____~_ 1. HYPERBAENA.
Hndosperm present; leaves never thick-coriaceous.
Carpel 1; bracts of the inflorescence large, leaflike; stamens connate. Leaves
msualivipeltateteral) ode Ys wooly _ipasiod ateriily 2. CISSAMPELOS.
Carpels usually 3; bracts of the inflorescence small; stamens free.
Leaves not peltate; sepals and petals subequal____________ 3. CEBATHA.
Leaves peltate; sepals and petals unequal___________ 4. MENISPERMUM.
1. HYPERBAENA Miers, Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 7: 44. 1851.
REFERENCE: Diels in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 94: 198-208. 1910.
1, Hyperbaena mexicana Miers, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 19: 94. 1867.
Known only from the original collection from somewhere in Mexico.
Secandent shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves oblanceolate-oblong, 10 to 12 cm.
long, acuminate, entire.
2. CISSAMPELOS L. Sp. Pl. 1031. 1753.
REFERENCE: Diels in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 94: 283-306. 1910.
1. Cissampelos pareira L. Sp. Pl. 1031. 1753.
Cissampelos caapeba L. Sp. Pl. 1032. 1753.
Cissampelos tomentosa DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 535. 1818.
Cissampelos acuminata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 445. 1840. Not C. acuminata DC.
1818.
Cissampelos benthamiana Miers, Ann. Nat. Hist. III. 17: 144. 1866.
Tamaulipas to Sonora, Chiapas, and Yucatan. Distributed almost throughout
the tropics of the world.
Scandent shrub, usually densely pubescent, the hairs somewhat stinging;
leaves orbicular, reniform, or cordate; bracts of the pistillate inflorescence
Similar to the leaves but smaller; flowers very small, greenish white; fruit
a red or orange drupe. “ Oreja de rat6n” (Michoacin, Guerrero); “ butua”
(Colima, Guerrero, Veracruz) ; “ pareira brava” (Veracruz, Oaxaca) ; “ iztac-
coanenepilli” (Nueva Farmacopea Mexicana); “bejuco azul,’ “ venadero”
(Costa Rica); “ picamano” (Nicaragua); “bejuco de mono” (Porto Rico) ;
“aleotin” (Guatemala, El Salvador); “bejuco de aleotin’’ (El Salvador) ;
* Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 360. 1910. Berberis dictyota Jepson, Bull. Torrey
Club 18: 319. 1891.
274 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
“cotin’”’ (Guatemala); ‘‘hierba ratén’’ (Venezuela); “tomatillo de sabana”
(Cuba).
The roots are hard, tortuous, brown, and rugose, with a bitter flavor. They
are said to have diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, and expectorant properties,
and are used in treating urinary and venereal diseases. The plant also has
a great reputation throughout tropical America as a remedy for the bites of
venomous snakes. It has been confused with the “pareira brava’ of com-
merce, which is furnished by a South American plant (Chondodendron tomen-
tosum Ruiz & Pavon) of the same family, and is used sometimes as an adul-
terant of that drug. The leaves are said to be employed as a poultice for
treating wounds. The name “ velvet-leaf” is applied to the plant in Jamaica.
The leaves have been suspected to be poisonous to cattle.
38. CEBATHA Forsk. Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 172. 1775.
REFERENCE: Diels in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 94: 227-241. 1910.
Slender scandent shrubs; leaves thin, entire or shallowly lobate; petals 6;
stamens 6 to 9; fruit a drupe.
Leaves densely pilose beneath, those of the flowering branches broadly ovate or
OVA te-Gelhoids Sisicie ty. ast Life ees el annie att ee aay 1. C. carolina,
Leaves glabrous or glabrate beneath, those of the flowering branches usually
lance-linear to elliptic-oblong__________-________-__ 2. C. diversifolia.
1. Cebatha carolina (L.) Britton, Mem. Torrey Club 5: 162. 1894.
Menispermum carolinum L. Sp. Pl. 340. 1753.
Cocculus carolinus DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 524. 1818.
Tamaulipas. Eastern United States; type from Carolina.
Plants copiously pubescent; leaves 3.5 to 6.5 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at
apex, pale beneath; flowers cream-colored ; fruit red, edible. ‘‘ Hierba del ojo”
(Tamaulipas).
2. Cebatha diversifolia (DC.) Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 9. 1891.
Cocculus diversifolius DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 523. 1818.
Cocculus oblongifolius DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 529. 1818.
Tamaulipas to Sonora and Oaxaca; described from one of Mocifio and Sessé’s
drawings. Western Texas and southern Arizona.
Climbing over shrubs and fences; leaves extremely variable, ranging from
linear to broadly ovate, entire or lobate; fruit dark purple.
4. MENISPERMUM L. Sp. Pl. 340. 1753.
1. Menispermum canadense L. Sp. Pl. 340. 1753.
Menispermum mexicanum Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 13: 302. 1911.
Mountains of Nuevo Le6én. Eastern and southern United States.
Slender pubescent vine; leaves long-petiolate, the blades nearly orbicular, 5
to 20 em. wide, angulate or shallowly lobed, sometimes entire, pale beneath ;
stamens 10 to 20; fruit dark blue, about 1 cm. wide.
The roots of moonseed have been used in the United States in domestic medi-
cine as a tonic and for venereal diseases. They contain an alkaloid, menispine,
and were formerly official as a substitute for sarsaparilla.
41. MAGNOLIACEAE. Magnolia Family.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, stipulate or estipulate, entire; flowers per-
fect, often large and showy, solitary or fasciculate; sepals 2 to 6; petals 6 to
many; stamens numerous; fruit of few or numerous carpels.
Stipules large, deciduous; flowers large, 5 to 10 cm. long; carpels of the fruit
imbricate in numerous series.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 275
Carpels bivalvate at maturity; petals comparatively thin-__-1. MAGNOLIA.
Carpels indehiscent; petals thick and leathery____-________ 2. TALAUMA.
Stipules none; flowers less than 8 cm. long; carpels verticillate in a single series.
Leaves glaucous beneath; carpels indehiscent; sepals valvate__3. DRIMYS.
Leaves green beneath; carpels dehiscent; sepals imbricate____4. ILLICIUM.
1. MAGNOLIA L. Sp. Pl. 535. 1753.
Large trees; leaves petiolate, persistent or deciduous; flowers large, white,
solitary ; sepals 3; petals 6 to 12; fruit conelike.
Most of the species of magnolias haye very showy flowers, and many are in
eultivation. Magnolia grandifiora L., the bull bay of the southeastern United
States, with handsome evergreen leaves, is said to be cultivated in Mexico and
to be known as “ magnolia ” and “ Semiramis.” :
Leaves persistent, the blades rounded to acute at base, green beneath.
1. M. schiedeana.
Leaves deciduous, the blades cordate at base, white beneath____2 M. dealbata.
1. Magnolia schiedeana Schlecht. Bot. Zeit. 1864: 144. 1864.
Veracruz to Tepie and Sinaloa.
Large tree; leaves oval or elliptic, 12 to 17 cm. long, acute, glabrous, with
very prominent, finely reticulate venation; flowers creamy white, the petals
about 6 cm. long. “Corpus” (Tepic, Rose).
Rose reports that a decoction of the flowers is used in Tepie as a remedy for
scorpion stings.
2. Magnolia dealbata Zuce. Abh. Bayer. Akad. 2: 373. pl. 3, 4. 1836.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected in forests near Rinc6én, at an altitude
of 600 to 900 meters.
Tree, 4.5 to 5.5 meters high (according to Zuccarini) ; leaves obovate-oval,
30 to 50 cm. long or larger, green on the upper surface, white beneath, obtuse
or acutish at apex; flowers yellowish white, fragrant, 30 to 40 em. broad; seeds
covered with a fleshy orange aril. “Elostchil’” (Oaxaca; from the Nahuatl,
elotl, a green ear of corn with husk, and zochitl, flower).
A relative of M. macrophylla Michx., of the southeastern United States, and
perhaps not distinct from it. Reported from Mexico by Sessé and Mocifio* as
M. tripetala, a species confined to the southeastern United States.
2. TALAUMA Juss. Gen. Pl. 281. 1789.
1. Talauma mexicana (DC.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 851. 1831.
Magnolia mexicana DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 451. 1818.
Talauma macrocarpa Zuce. Abh. Bayer. Akad. 2: 369. pl. 1, 2. 1836.
Mountains of Veracruz, Oaxaca, Mexico, and Morelos.
A large tree, sometimes 30 meters high, with a trunk 1.2 to 1.5 meters in
diameter; leaves persistent, oval or elliptic, 12 to 25 cm. long or larger, acute,
lustrous, reticulate-veined ; flowers large, white, sweet-scented, the petals and
sepals very thick and leathery, often tinged with purple; sepals 3; seeds sur-
rounded by a fleshy red aril, hanging by a white threadlike funicle. ‘Flor de
coraz6n” (Oaxaca, Veracruz, Morelos); ‘‘hualhua” (Veracruz, Morelos) ;
“ yoloxochitl ”” (Nahuatl); “hierba de las mataduras” (Morelos, Mexico,
Ramirez) ; “laurel tulipin’” (Morelos) ; “ guielachi’” (Oaxaca, Zapetec, Reko).
This is one of the best-known of Mexican trees. It was highly esteemed by
the early inhabitants because of the sweet odor of the-blossoms, a single flower
being sufficient to perfume a whole house. The tree was cultivated in gardens,
and the flowers were reserved for the exclusive use of the nobility. The plant
* Fl. Mex. 145. 1894.
276 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
was valued also for its reputed medicinal properties, and it still finds use in
domestic medicine. The bark is employed for fevers, and is said also to have
an effect upon the heart similar to that of digitalis. A decoction of the flowers
is administered for epilepsy, paralysis, and various heart affections, and as a
tonic. The plant, upon analysis, is said to yield a glucoside which dissolves the
blood corpuscles.”
The Nahuatl name, “ yoloxochitl,” signifies “ heart-flower,” an allusion to
the shape of the unopened flower buds. Robelo gives “‘ chipagua” as one of the
vernacular names—a derivative of the Nahuatl chipahuac, “the beautiful.”
The species has been reported from Mexico’ as Magnolia glauca, a name synony-
mous with M. virginiana L., which pertains to the sweet bay of the eastern and
southern United States. It appears, also, that Talauma mexicana and Mag-
nolia schiedeana have often been confused. The two species are much alike in
leaf form and in the appearance of their flowers, but the fruits are very dif-
ferent.
Talauma macrocarpa is mentioned by Acosta (1590) under the name “ yolo-
suchil.” It is illustrated and described by Hernandez * under the name “ yoloxo-
ehitl.” The latter author discusses its medical properties, stating that “it is an
excellent remedy for sterility,’ and remarks that the flowers were sometimes
used to flavor chocolate.
3. DRIMYS Forst. Char. Gen. 83. 1776.
1. Drimys winteri Forst. Char. Gen. 84. pl. 42. 1776.
Drimys granatensis L. f. Suppl. Pl. 269. 1781.
Drimys mexicana Moc. & Sessé; DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 444. 1818.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; reported from other states; sometimes cultivated.
Central America and southward to the Straits of Magellan.
An evergreen shrub or tree, in some parts of its range 18 meters high, with
grayish bark; leaves mostly oblong or oblong-obovate, 7 to 13 cm. long, coria-
ceous, persistent, green above, glaucous beneath, petiolate; flowers solitary or i
umbellate, white; sepals 2 or 3; petals 6 or more; fruit purplish black.
“ Chilillo,” ‘‘ chachaca,” “ palo picante” (various parts of Mexico); “palo de
chile’ (Oaxaca) ; “ muelo,” ‘ quiebra-muelas ” (Costa Rica) ; “ canelo ” (Chile).
This plant, which furnishes the Winter’s bark of commerce, was first ob-
tained by Winter, who was captain of one of the ships which accompanied Sir
Francis Drake’s expedition of 1577. The three vessels of the fleet were struck
by a storm in the southern ocean and Winter’s ship was driven to the Straits of a
Magellan, where three weeks were spent with the object of improving the —
health of the crew. Drimys was one of the plants which attracted Winter’s
attention, and he used the bark for treating scurvy. Specimens of the bark ©
were presented to the famous botanist Clusius, who gave it the name of Cortex
Winteranus. It became a favorite remedy in Europe, but as it was difficult to
obtain the drug from South America the bark of Canella alba, a West Indian ~
tree, was often substituted for it. Winter’s bark is little used at the present —
time except in domestic medicine in the regions where it is native. It is aro-
matic and pungent and has tonic and antiscorbutic properties. In Brazil it is
used for dysentery and for gastric disturbances. In Costa Rica the bark is
chewed for toothache. The powdered bark is sometimes employed in Mexico
as a condiment.
*For accounts of the plant see A. L. Herrera, El yoloxochitl, Estudio 4: 133; —
E. Armendiriz, Analysis de las semillas del yoloxochitl, Estudio 4: 248.
2 Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 90. 1887.
*Thesaurus 40. 1651.
|
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. AN AE |
It may be that the species as accepted here should be divided into two or
more, but the general practice of recent writers has been-to refer all the Ameri-
ean forms to a single species.
4, ILLICIUM L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1050. 1759.
1. Illicium fioridanum Ellis, Phil. Trans. London 60: 524. pl. 12. 1770.
Veracruz and Puebla. Florida to Louisiana.
Aromatic evergreen shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves elliptic or lance-elliptic,
7 to 14 em. long, acuminate, petiolate, persistent; gland-dotted beneath; fiowers
long-pedicellate, with 20 to 30 narrow, dark crimson or purple petals. ‘‘ Mata-
caballos ” (Veracruz) ; “ixcapantl” (Puebla).
The shrub is reputed poisonous to stock. It is known in Florida as ‘“ poison
bay” and “sweet laurel.” The Mexican form has been illustrated recently
(Bol. Dir. Estud. Biol. 1: 661. 1916).
A related species of China, [llicium verum Hook. f., is the star-anise, whose
fruit is much used in oriental countries for flavoring food.
42. ANNONACEAE. Custard-apple Family.
Trees or shrubs, often aromatic; leaves alternate, estipulate, entire; flowers
solitary or clustered, usually perfect, commonly with 3 sepals and 6 fleshy or
leathery petals; stamens numerous; fruit of 1 or more carpels, these sessile
or stipitate, usually fleshy, free or united to form a many-celled fruit.
Petals, at least the outer ones, imbricate.
Seeds solitary, attached at the base of the cell; flowers small.
1. GUATTERIA.
Seeds several, attached to the side of the cell; flowers usually very large.
2. SAPRANTHUS.
Petals valvate.
Outer petals separated, not connivent.
Ree mOtsh Her rr UiG OMG sn re ee oe Ne eee 3. TRIDIMERIS.
Carpels numerous.
ESAS BY SG 0 oS er i ieee SAI tl i fl 4. CYMBOPETALUM.
Paner' petals hot clawede | SOR TOE UO AN SR m 5. DESMOPSIS.
Outer petals connivent.
Ovules 2 to many in each carpel; carpels distinct in fruit___.6. KXYLOPIA.
Ovules one in each carpel; carpels concrete in fruit.
Petals connate into a 3 or 6-lobed tube, the outer ones wing-appendaged.
7. ROLLINIA.
Petals not connate, the outer ones not appendaged________ 8 ANNONA.
1. GUATTERIA Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 85. 1794.
Trees or shrubs; peduncles 1-flowered, axillary, solitary or fasciculate,
pubescent ; fruit composed of numerous stipitate berries.
BEM NEAL (Os GaliMinte” TONG i= a ae ee 1. G. bibracteata.
Petals 1 cm. long or often much larger.
CRVESECOLGO Ley ain bd Sere tae ei ee a) 2. G. macrantha.
Leaves rounded to acute at base.
Leaves short-acuminate at apex.
Petals 2 to 4.3 em. long; leaves 5 to 15 em. long.
PeMVeSt oO COeo CHI OMG cane ce ie a ee ee SN ee 3. G. gaumeri.
CEE GR NG PUR TRY, 0 ee ee ee 7. G. depressa.
Petals 1 to 1.5 em. long; leaves mostly 15 to 25 em. long.
4. G. diospyroides.
278 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves long-acuminate at apex.
Blowers tgeminatet22. 4e4_ P19 tte SUO yet th Sole ena Tay 5. G. galeottiana,
Kowers?solitary]{ 20. = 2) aes ce et ay a ee oe 6. G. jurgensenii,
1. Guatteria bibracteata (Hook.) Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 1. 1878.
Annona bibracteata Hook. Icon. Pl. 4: pl. 3828. 1841.
Veracruz; type from Consoquintla.
Tree; leaves oblong-lanceolate, short-petiolate, sparsely pubescent or glabrous;
flowers green.
2. Guatteria macrantha Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 78. 1835.
Described from somewhere in Mexico.
Perhaps not of this genus.
8. Guatteria gaumeri Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 251. 1907.
Vicinity of Izamal, Yucatan. ;
Tree, 10 to 15 meters high, with gray bark; leaves elliptic or elliptic-oval,
with an aromatic odor when crushed. “ Elemuy.”
Used medicinally.
4, Guatteria diospyroides Baill. Adansonia 8: 269. 1868.
Oaxaca; type from Trapiche de la Concepci6én.
Leaves lance-elliptic, 10 to 25 cm. long, short-petioled, glabrous or nearly so;
flowers green.
5. Guatteria galeottiana Baill. Adansonia 8: 268. 1868.
Oaxaca (type locality) and Campeche.
Leaves lanceolate, 10 to 25 em. long.
6. Guatteria jurgensenii Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 1. 1878.
Oaxaca; type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco.
Leaves lanceolate, 15 to 23 cm. long: flowers (as in the other species) seri-
ceous, about 2.5 cm. broad.
7. Guatteria depressa (Baill.) Safford.
Annona depressa Baill. Adansonia 8: 267. 1868.
Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere; type from Tozamapa.
Similar to G. gawmeri, but with broader leaves, these very thick and lustrous;
carpels of the fruit numerous, ellipsoid, long-stipitate.
2. SAPRANTHUS Seem. Journ. Bot. 4: 369. 1866.
Shrubs or trees; flowers very large, solitary, with an extremely disagreeable
odor of carrion; fruit of few large sessile carpels.
Petals mostly Gro 8 en LOM eas Ae BES oe) cae IN ee 1. S. foetidus.
Petals 4 cm. long or shorter.
Leaf blades oblong-elliptic, acuminate ; neiale about 4 cm. long
2. S. campechianus.
Leaf blades oblong-obovate, obtuse or acutish; petals about 2 em. long.
3. S. microcarpus.
1. Sapranthus foetidus (Rose) Safford.
Asimina foetida Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 134. 1897.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco.
Shrub or small tree, 4 to 5 meters high, copiously pubescent; leaves oval to
oblong, 7 to 14 em. long or larger, short-petiolate, acute or obtuse; petals
greenish yellow at first, maroon or dark purple at maturity, with conspicuous ~
veins. “ Madre de cacao” (Oaxaca) ; “ murciélago” (Guerrero) ; “ zopilotillo ”
(Sinaloa).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 279
2. Sapranthus campechianus (H. B. K.) Standl.
Asimia campechiana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 61. 1821.
Asimina insularis Hemsl. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 16: pl. 1514. 1886.
Campeche (type locality) and Yucatan.
Tree, 6 meters high; leaves elliptic-oblong, 6.5 to 8.5 em. long, acuminate,
pubescent.
Asimina insularis is perhaps distinct but, judging from the description, the
species are very closely related.
3. Sapranthus microcarpus (Donn. Smith) Fries, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl.
34°: 12. 1900.
Porcelia microcarpa Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 20:1. 1895.
Asimina purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 375. 1913.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala; type from Ocosito.
Shrub, 1.8 to 2.7 meters high; leaves obovate or oval-oblong, mostly 5 to 8
em. long, obtuse or acute; carpels 2.5 to 4.5 em. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
UNoNA VIOLAcKA Dunal, Monogr. Anon. 105. pl. 25. 1817. This plant, described
from Mexico, is probably the same as one of the species listed above, perhaps
S. foetidus.
3. TRIDIMERIS Baill. Adansonia 9: 219. 1869.
1. Tridimeris hahniana?’ Baill. Adansonia 9: 219. 1869.
Type from the forests of San Crist6bal (Oaxaca?).
A small tree.
4, CYMBOPETALUM Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5:69. 1861. __
Ke Cymbopetalum pendulifiorum (Dunal) Baill. Adansonia 8: 268. 1868.
“ Unona pendulifiora Dunal, Monogr. Anon. 100. pl. 28. 1817.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Tree or large shrub with long narrow leaves; petals purplish within, greenish
outside. “ Guineillo,” “ guineillo prieto”’ (Oaxaca) ; “‘ xochinacaztli”’ (Nahuatl).
The aromatic petals were used in preconquest days for flavoring chocolate
and are still so used in some localities. The flowers were used also as a remedy
for asthma and other diseases.2. This plant was highly esteemed by the early
inhabitants of Mexico, having been brought from the south to be grown in the
gardens of the emperor. It is first mentioned by Sahagtin (1509), under the name
“teunacaztli,’ “the sacred ear.” He states that the flowers were valued for
their odor and for flavoring chocolate. Hernandez describes and figures* the
plant in a chapter entitled “ De Yochinacaztli, seu flore auriculae.” The Nahuatl
term xochinacazili signifies ‘‘ear-flower.”’ Hernandez states that the plant is a
native of the tierra caliente, and that in the tiangues or markets of the Indians
there is nothing more frequently found or more highly prized than this flower,
“which is wont to give the greatest charm and taste, together witha very fragrant
*Ludwig Hahn spent nearly 20 years in Mexico as a teacher of music, and
made extensive collections of plants and animals, most of which were sent to
Berlin. He was a member of the French Scientific Commission, and an associate
of Bourgeau. He died in Mexico in 1873. Some of his plants are in the U. S.
National Herbarum.
* See W. E. Safford, Science, n. ser. 33: 470. 1911; Smiths. Rept. 1910: 428.
1911; Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 2: 234. 1912.
* Thesaurus 30. 1651.
55268—22 8
280 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
odor and flavor to that celebrated drink cacao, which they call chocolate, and it
imparts to it certain tonic properties and wholesomeness as well. It is said that
when drunk in water this flower dispels flatulency, causes phlegm to become
thin, warms and comforts the stomach which has been chilled or weakened, as
well as the heart; and that it is efficacious in asthma, ground to a powder with
addition of two pods of the red peppers called texochilli, with their seeds re-
moved and toasted on a conmal, which is a kind of griddle on which the natives
toast and make their bread called by us tortillas, adding to the same three drops
of balsam and taking it in some suitable liquor.” It is of interest to note that
the dried flowers are still offered for sale in the markets of Guatemala.
——$__
5. DESMOPSIS Safford, Bull. Torrey Club 48: 184. 1916.
1. Desmopsis galeottiana (Baill.) Safford, Bull. Torrey Club 43: 187. 1916.
Trigyneia galeottiana Baill. Adansonia 8: 181. 1868.
Veracruz; type from Palanque.
Shrub or small tree with elliptic-lanceolate leaves; flowers green, on long
slender pedicels; fruit of 7 to 11 carpels.
6. XYLOPIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1250. 1750.
1. Xylepia trunciflora Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 417. 1831.
Known only from the type locality, near Colipa, Veracruz.
Small tree; leaves lance-elliptic, 10 cm. long, obtuse, subsessile, pubescent
beneath; flowers borne along the trunk; carpels 5 to 7, globose or ellipsoid,
1 to 3-seeded.
7. ROLLINIA St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 28. 1825.
1. Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill. Adansonia 8: 268. 1868.
Annona mucosa Jacq. Obs. Bot. 16. 1764.
Veracruz. Trinidad and Lesser Antilles; type locality, Martinique.
Tree with brownish branches; leaves oblong or elliptic, 7 to 14 em. long,
acuminate; flowers solitary, long-pedunculate. “Anona” (Ramirez); ‘“ ané6n,”
“ candongo ” (Santo Domingo).
8. ANNONA L. Sp. Pl. 536. 1753.
REFERENCES: Safford, Classification of the genus Annona, with descriptions
of new and imperfectly known species, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 1-68.
pl. 1-41, f. 1-75. 1914; Safford, Annona sericea and its allies, Contr. U. 8. Nat.
Herb. 16: 263-275. pl. 85-99, f. 42-44. 1918; Safford, The genus Annona: The
derivation of its name and its taxonomic subdivisions, Journ. Washington Acad. —
Sci. 1: 118. 1911; Safford, Annona, in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 291-295. 1914.
Trees or shrubs; leaves deciduous or persistent; flowers usually solitary,
lateral; fruit very variable, composed of numerous carpels crowded together —
into a fleshy mass.
The generic name (sometimes, but incorrectly, written Anona) is a modifi- —
eation of the Haitian name of some of the species, ‘‘anén.” Belmar gives the
Mixe equivalents of ‘“anona” as “ai-dium,”’ “ait-keip”’ (the tree), and
“tzaptzaidium.”
Flowers subglobose or broadly pyramidal in bud.
Petals 3 or, if 6, the inner ones rudimentary or much narrower than the
outer ones. |
Leaf blades 4 to 9 cm. long, thinly appressed-pilose beneath; flowers ©
BOTT POUIGEUALO. | ce ck) se eer eee eee 1. A. globiflora. ©
Leaf blades 9 to 14 cm. long, densely soft-pilose beneath; flowers long-
MCCUE) aie stats 8 oee ss oe, ee eee 2. A. longipes.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 281
Petals 6, broad, in 2 series.
pete EeDetaISmValva tes eee Tae ee ne ees 3. A. glabra.
Inner petals imbricate.
Leaves with minute pockets beneath in the axils of the lateral nerves.
4. A. muricata.
Leaves without pockets in the axils of the nerves______ 5. A. purpurea.
Flowers elongate and more or less triquetrous in bud.
Peduncles with clasping leaflike bracts at base; testa of seeds thick and hard.
6. A. diversifolia.
Peduncles without clasping leaflike bracts at base; testa thin.
Outer petals about 8 mm. long. Fruit 2 to 2.5 em. in diameter; leaves
RRR ORNS SSS en ee oe ee ee ee er ee eee 7. A. palmeri.
Outer petals 1.8 to 5 cm. long.
Leaves rounded or obtuse at apex, oval or rounded, soft-pilose or tomen-
tose beneath.
Once Netals. 4 SytOnu2-). CN), LOMO. =e ae a eee 8. A. cherimola.
Ontermetals.4 10, 5iem: ong =. 8 as 2 ge es 9. A. longifiora.
_ Leaves acute or acuminate at apex; oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-oval,
nearly glabrous beneath, at least in age. Flowers 2 to 3 ecm. long.
Fruit composed of. numerous rounded, loosely cohering carpels, the
surface very rough, with a glaucous bloom. Leaves mostly lance-
0) 2) a= ees San ee enn ST eee gwaY Seer. een ee ee oe 10. A. squamosa.
Fruit smooth or nearly so, the surface often divided into angular areoles
by impressed lines.
Leaves mostly lanceolate; fruit with conspicuous areoles, turning red
Ni) 01 2) eas ot OY = em We en Al SAN TU RRs Ole e ee 11. A. reticulata.
Leaves elliptic-oval; fruit smooth, yellow____-____ 12. A. lutescens.
1. Annona globiflora Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 235. 1836.
Annona fruticosa Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 184. 1894.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la La-
guna, near Jalapa.
Shrub, 0.6 to 2 meters high; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 4 to 9 em. long,
thin, acute or obtuse, pale beneath; fruit subglobose, 8 to 4 cm. in diameter,
muricate, with scant edible pulp. “Anonilla” (Veracruz) ; “chirimoya” (Ta-
maulipas, San Luis Potosi) ; “ anonita de papagayos’”’ (Veracruz).
2. Annona longipes Safford, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 269. pl. 89. 1913.
Known only from the type locality, Lake Catemaco, Veracruz.
Tree, 10 meters high; leaves ovate-oval, 9 to 14 cm. long, acute or acuminate;
fruit shaped like a strawberry, 2.5 cm. long, covered with gibbous areoles,
tomentose, with scant pulp.
3. Annona glabra L. Sp. P1l..537. 1753.
Annona palustris L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 757. 1762.
Veracruz and Guerrero, in wet soil; reported from Yucatin, Tabasco, and
Oaxaca. Widely distributed in tropical America; type from the Bahamas.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 12 meters high, the trunk as much as 50 em. in
diameter, often swollen or with buttresses at the base, the bark thin, reddish
brown; leaves oval, oblong, or ovate, 6 to 15 em. long, deep green, acute or
acuminate; outer petals yellowish, with a deep red spot near the base; fruit
5 to 12 em. long, ovoid, smooth, yellowish at maturity, with cream-colored
pulp; wood brown, soft, weak, its specific gravity about 0.50. ‘“ Corcho”
(Guerrero, Tabasco, Yucatin, Porto Rico); “frbol de corcho” (Veracruz) ;
“palo de corcho” (Yucatéin); “mag” (Yucatan, Maya); “cayur,” “ corazon
cimarr6n,” “guanfibano cimarrén,” “anédn” (Porto Rico); “bag4,” “ palo
282 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
bobo” (Cuba); “anonillo” (Guatemala, Honduras) ; “ guanabano de corcho”
(Santo Domingo).
The tree often grows about salt water, associated with mangroves. Its
English names are “ pond-apple,” “ alligator-apple,” and “ monkey-apple.” The
fruit is insipid but is said to be eaten in some localities, while in others it is
regarded as poisonous. It is said to be eaten by the alligators that frequent
the banks where it grows, hence the name “alligator-apple.” The very light
wood is used to make bottle corks and floats for fish nets.
4. Annona muricata L. Sp. Pl. 536. 1753.
Widely cultivated in Mexico and elsewhere in tropical America, the native
region not definitely known. ;
Small tree, usually 4 to 5 meters high; leaves ill-scented, lustrous, obovate,
ovate, or elliptic, persistent; flowers yellow; fruit very large, sometimes
weighing five pounds, ovoid or heart-shaped, the ill-smelling skin furnished
with numerous recurved fleshy spines, the pulp white and juicy, with a pleasant
subacid flavor; wood light-colored, soft, its specific gravity about 0.397.
“ Guandbano” or “ guanibana” (Yucatéin, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Nicaragua, Porto
Rico, Colombia, Peru, Philippines, Santo Domingo); “anona amarilla” (Ta-
basco, Ramirez); “catuche” or “catucho” (Jalisco, Ramirez); “ polvox”
(Maya, Urbina) ; “zapote de viejas” (Urbina) ; “ cabeza de negro” (Oaxaca,
Jalisco) ; ‘‘huanaba” (Guatemala) ; “ guanaba” (El Salvador).
The fruit of the soursop is highly esteemed in tropical regions. It is
eaten fresh, used in preparing beverages, made into jelly, tarts, or preserves,
and sometimes fermented to obtain an intoxicating drink. Stock also are fond
of the fruit. It is reputed to have pectoral, antiscorbutic, and febrifuge prop-
erties. The seeds and green fruit are astringent and are employed as a
remedy for dysentery. The leaves, too, are used medicinally, also the flowers.
One of the earliest writers to describe the plant is Oviedo (Lib. VIII, Cap.
XVII), who used the Haitian name “ guanabano.”
5. Annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé; Dunal, Monogr. Anon. 64. pl. 2. 1817.
Annona involucrata Baill. Adansonia 8: 265. 1868.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Yucatén. Central America and Venezuela.
Small or medium-sized tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high; leaves oval to ob-
long, 15 to 88 cm. long, short-petiolate, acuminate, thin; petals velvety outside,
deep purple within; fruit 10 to 20 cm. in diameter, broadly ovoid or subglobose,
bearing numerous rigid pyramidal protuberances covered with a feltlike tomen-
tum, the pulp orange-colored, fragrant, fibrous. ‘Cabeza de negro” (Vera-
cruz) ; “cabeza de ilama” (Veracruz, Oaxaca) ; “ chincua,” “ilama de Tehuan-
tepec” (Oaxaca); “soncoya,” “soncolla,” or “sencuya” (Central America) }
“toreta”’ (Panama); “manirote” (Venezuela); “matacuy” (Guatemala).
The fruits are sold in the markets of Veracruz and elsewhere. They vary
considerably in quality. There is a popular belief that they give rise to chills
and fevers.
6. Anona diversifolia Safford,’ Science n. ser. 33: 471. 1911.
Colima and Guerrero; type from Colima. El Salvador.
Small tree with brownish gray aromatic bark; leaves elliptic or oblong, 15
cm. long or less, rounded at apex; fruit ovoid-globose, about 15 cm. in diameter,
covered with low rounded protulferances, the pulp fine-flavored, cream-colored
or rose-tinted. “ Ilama,” “ hilama,” “ ilamatzapotl” (Mexico) ; “anona blanca ”
(M1 Salvador).
+See also, Safford, Annona diversifolia, a custard-apple of the Aztecs, Journ.
Washington Acad. Sei. 2: 118-125. f. 1-4. 1912.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 283
7. Annona palmeri Safford, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 48. pl. 24. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves lanceolate or ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acute;
flowers small, dull white; fruit subglobose, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter, with scant
pulp. ‘Anonilla.”
8. Annona cherimola Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Annona no. 5. 1768.
Widely cultivated in Mexico, and in tropical America generally. Native of
the Andes of Peru, but naturalized in Mexico at a very early date.
Tree, 4.5 to 7.5 meters high; leaves mostly oval or rounded-oval, obtuse,
pubescent; petals greenish yellow or rufous outside, pale yellow or whitish
within; fruit globose or ovoid, the surface with rounded protuberances or
marked with U-shaped areoles, sometimes smooth, the pulp white, pleasantly
acidulous. ‘ Chirimoyo” or “ chirimoya” (Jalisco, Oaxaca, etc., Colombia,
Peru; the name of Peruvian origin, said to signify “ cold-seed”); “ pox,”
“tzuli pox”? (Yucatan, Maya) ; “ quauhtzapotl,” “ matzapotl”’ (Nahuatl).
One of the most highly valued species because of its excellent fruit; much
cultivated in the tierra caliente, in several forms of variable quality. The fruit
is sometimes fermented to obtain an alcoholic beverage. Macfadyen states that
in Jamaica the dried flowers were used to flavor snuff. The seeds are used in
Mexico as an emetic-cathartic and as an insecticide. In the first case one or
two seeds are swallowed; they are first roasted slightly, their shell removed,
and the embryo crushed in water or milk. For the destruction of parasites
upon the human body, the seeds are crushed, mixed with lard, and applied as
an ointment to the parts affected. Cortina, who analyzed the seeds,’ states that
they contain sugar, gum, albumen, extractive matter, oil, and resin, the last
probably being the emetic-cathartic agent.
9. Annona longiflora S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 397. 1887.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves mostly oval or orbicular, copiously pu-
bescent; outer petals whitish or cream-colored, with a dark purple spot at base;
fruit ovoid-globose, the surface with flat areoles or bearing protuberances.
“ Chirimoya de la barranca,” “ chirimoya cimarrona.”
The fruit is edible either raw or cooked. A sweetmeat is made by boiling it
with sugar together with the fruit of the “ tejocote” (Crataegus mexicana).
10. Annona squamosa L. Sp. Pl. 537. 1753.
Annona cinerea Dunal, Monogr. Anon. 72. pl. 8. 1817.
Widely cultivated in Mexico and elsewhere in tropical America.
Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high, with grayish bark; leaves lanceolate or oblong,
acute; petals greenish yellow or greenish white, usually with a purplish red
Spot at base; fruit the size of an orange, globose or heart-shaped, composed of
loosely adherent carpels, these rounded at apex, forming a tuberculate surface,
greenish yellow, the pulp yellowish white, creamy or custard-like, sweet and
pleasantly flavored. ‘“ Texaltzapotl,’ “quauhtzapotl” (Nahuatl); “ahate”
(Jalisco, Veracruz) ; “ anona blanca ” (Chiapas, Ramérez) ; “‘ saramulla,” “ sara-
mullo” (Yucatén) ; “tzalmuy” (Yucatin, Maya); “anén” (Colombia, Costa
Rica, Porto Rico); “chirimoya” (Porto Rico); “ates” (Philippines) ;
“anodn” (Santo Domingo).
Fruit of excellent flavor and highly esteemed; it is produced at nearly all
times of the year. It is eaten alone or made into sherbets and is not cooked
like that of some other species. The leaves are sometimes rubbed over floors
or placed in hens’ nests to keep away vermin. The seeds likewise have in-
* See Urbina, Naturaleza 7: 222. 1901.
284 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
secticide properties. The crushed leaves are sometimes applied as poultices
to ulcers and malignant sores. The root is a drastic purgative.
The tree is described by Oviedo (Lib. VIII, Cap. XVIII) under the name
“hanon.” Hernindez describes and figures* it as “ahate de Panucho (P4-
nuco)”; he also illustrates it,? without description, as ‘ate vel ahate de Pan-
nuco.” The English names applied to this species are “sugar-apple” and
“ sweetsop.”’
11. Annona reticulata L. Sp. Pl. 37. 1753.
Annona longifolia Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 134. 1894.
Cultivated in Mexico and in places doubtless native. Widely cultivated in
the tropics.
Tree, 4.5 to 7.5 meters high; leaves deciduous, lanceolate or oblong, acute,
nearly glabrous; petals olive or yellowish, usually stained with purple within
and with a dark purple spot at base; fruit 7.5 to 12.5 cm. in diameter, the
surface divided into angled areoles, uSually reddish or reddish brown, the
pulp sweetish, insipid, tallow-like. “ Quauhtzapotl” (Nahuatl); “anona”
(Oaxaca, ete., Nicaragua, Philippines, Guam); ‘anona colorada” (Chiapas,
Ramirez); “chirimoya”’” (Oaxaca, Costa Rica); “op” (Yucatin, Maya) ;
“jlama’” (Alcocer); “corazén” (Porto Rico); “mamé6n” (Cuba); “rifién”
(Venezuela).
The wood is light and soft. The bark is said to have astringent and tonic
properties, and that of young branches to give a useful fiber. The leaves and
branches are used for tanning and are said to give a blue or black dye. The
English names are “ custard-apple” and “ bullock’s-heart.”
12. Annona lutescens Safford, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 41. pl. 23. 1914.
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Cahabén, Alta Verapaz.
Small tree with spreading branches; fruit similar to that of A. reticulata,
but yellow. “Anona amarilla” (Guatemala).
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ANNONA EXCELSA H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 59. 1821. Type from La Venta
del Exido. Described from sterile branches.
ANNONA LIEBMANNIANA Baill. Adansonia 8: 266. 1868. Type from Comaltepec.
43. MYRISTICACEAE. Nutmeg Family.
1. COMPSONEURA Warb. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 13: 94. 1895.
1. Compsoneura sprucei (A. DC.) Warb. Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol.
68: 143. 1897.
Myristica sprucei A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 14: 199. 1856.
Myristica mexicana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 67. pl. 73. 1882.
Tabasco. Honduras and Brazil; type from Rio Negro, Brazil.
Glabrous shrub or tree; leaves alternate, estipulate, oblong or obovate-oblong,
12 to 25 cm. long, subacuminate, bright green; flowers very small, dioecious,
paniculate or subracemose.
Myristica mexicana is considered synonymous with Compsoneura sprucei by
Warburg, the monographer of the group, but it seems probable that further study
will show that the Mexican plant is a distinct species. The type of M. mexicana
is from the banks of the Rio Puyapatengo.
1Thesaurus 348. 1651.
? Thesaurus 454. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 285
44, MONIMIACEAE. Monimia Family.
REFERENCE: Perkins in Engl. Pflanzanreich IV. 101. 1901.
Shrubs; leaves opposite, entire or irregularly serrate, estipulate; flowers small,
perfect or unisexual, usually cymose or racemose; perianth 4 to 6-lobed ; corolla
none; stamens numerous; fruit of numerous small carpels.
Anthers dehiscent by longitudinal slits____________________ 1. MOLLINEDIA.
Penne rcrceniscent Dy Valves. 28 Bae Ss 2. SIPARUNA.
1. MOLLINEDIA Ruiz & Pav. FI. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 83. 1794.
Leaves entire or dentaté; flowers pedicellate, in axillary cymes; perianth 4-
lobed ; fruit of numerous small drupes.
mepais;subequal. Stamens 30 to 33_2---~-.-+ = 225. =) = 1. M. orizabae.
Sepals unequal, the outer broader than the inner.
Leaves pilose when young. Stamens 28 or 24______________ 2. M. viridiflora,
Leaves glabrous.
Siemens) 20-- Witness iors Fo) 2 AMA RT ae 3. M. mexicana.
HRETIOM S30) tO 40 ee Se ee ed 4, M. nigrescens.
1. Mollinedia orizabae Perkins, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 27: 674. 1900.
_ Known only from the type locality, Orizaba, Veracruz.
Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long, short-acuminate, glabrous.
2. Mollinedia viridiflora Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 3: 43. 1855.
Oaxaca; type locality, mountains of Oaxaca.
Leaves obovate or elliptic-oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long, petiolate, acuminate, glab-
rate in age.
8. Mollinedia mexicana Perkins, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 27: 674. 1900.
Known only from the type locality, Mirador, Veracruz.
Leaves narrowly oblong or obovate-oblong, 9 to 13.5 cm. long, long-acuminate.
4. Mollinedia nigrescens Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 3: 41. 1855.
Known only from the type locality, Tenejapa, Oaxaca.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 12 cm. long, remotely serrate
above the middle.
2. SIPARUNA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 2: 864, 1775.
Shrubs, usually with a pleasant odor; flowers in short axillary cymes,
usually short-pediceled ; fruit of numerous small drupes.
MeEAveS copiously stellate-pilose_! 22522. 4 eee 1. S. riparia.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Leaf blades entire or sinuate-dentate.
LLIBENMOSY GU Te CREST Seep ee erate bene, Caen eds pat eee SS pene Gu eh Ul, 2. S. andina.
Meany es minemprandcegusa = ae to eee 3. S. nicaraguensis.
Leaf blades conspicuously serrate or dentate.
Prrtorescence dense: Shorts -c 2 1 see AND) ee RD, ADD AES 4. S. colimensis.
Inflorescence lax, conspicuously pedunculate__________ 5. S. sumichrastii.
1, Siparuna riparia (Tulasne) A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 647. 1868.
Citriosma riparia Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 3: 36. 1855.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Tree or shrub; leaves obovate or oval-obovate, 10 to 17 cm. long, acute or
acuminate, irregularly dentate; fruit globose, red. “ Limoncillo” (Veracruz) ;
“cerbatana ” (Guatemala).
2. Siparuna andina (Tulasne) A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 16°: 648. 1868,
Citriosma andina Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 3: 36. 1855.
Mountains of Oaxaca.
286 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves ternate, obovate-oblong, 12 to 15 cm. long, petiolate, short-acuminate.
8. Siparuna nicaraguensis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 69. 1882.
Guerrero and Oaxaca to Tabasco. Guatemala and Nicaragua (type locality).
Shrub, 3 to 4 meters high, or sometimes a tree, with a strong odor; leaves
oval to oblong, 7.5 to 15 cm. long; flowers small, yellowish white; fruit blood-
red. “ Hierba del talaje,’ ‘“limoncillo,”’ “ hierba de la conchuda” (Oaxaca).
4. Siparuna colimensis Perkins, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 28: 682. 1901.
Known only from Colima, the type locality.
Leaves ovate or oblong, 9 to 18 cm. long, short-acuminate; fruit depressed-
globose, reddish, acidulous.
5. Siparuna sumichrastii (A. DC.) Perkins, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 28: 682. 1901.
Siparuna riparia sumichrastii A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 167: 648. 1868.
Veracruz; type from the city of Veracruz.
Shrub, 3 meters high; leaves obovate-oblong or elliptic, 10 to 16 em. long;
fruit 5 mm. in diameter.
45. LAURACEAE. Laurel Family.
REFERENCE; Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5. 1869.
Aromatic evergreen trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, persistent, glandular-
punctate, estipulate, entire; flowers perfect or unisexual, small, green or yellow,
usually cymose, umbellate, or capitate; perianth limb usually 6-lobed; corolla
none; stamens and staminodia normally twice as many as the segments and
opposite them, arranged in 2 or 4 series; anthers erect, 2 or 4-celled; fruit
baccate or drupaceous, 1-seeded.
In this family flowers are usually necessary for determination, and fruiting
specimens are of little value unless accompanied by flowers.
The common European laurel, Laurus nobilis L. (“laurel”) is cultivated in
Mexico as a shade tree. The writer has seen no material of Acrodiclidium
mexicanum and A. misantlae recently described from Veracruz by Brandegee.*
The genus is not otherwise known from Mexico, and it is probable that both
these species belong to genera listed below.
The only Mexican representative of the family not listed here is Cassytha
filiformis L., a yellowish leafless twining parasitic plant, in general appearance
much like dodder (Cuscuta spp.).
Two well-known Old World trees of the family are Cinnamomum camphora
(L.) Nees & Eberm., camphor (“alcéinfor”), and C. zeylanicwm Nees, cinna-
mon (’ canela”’).
Inflorescence racemose, subtended by an inyolucre of bracts.
Bracts of the involucre decussate-opposite______________________ 1. LITSHA.
STEELS eT) inl Cal te ae eee ree een eres sie eee oe eee 2. UMBELLULARIA.
Inflorescence usually paniculate, sometimes racemose or capitate, not invo-
lucrate.
Sepals very unequal, the outer ones shorter___—--__~_-_________ 3. PERSEA.
Sepals equal or nearly so.
Anthers 2-celled.
Stamens all with introrse anthers________________ 4. SASSAFRIDIUM.
Stamens partly with extrorse anthers.
Staminodia of the innermost stamens large_-____ 5. HUFELANDIA.
Staminodia of the innermost stamens minute or aborted.
6. MISANTECA,
Anthers 4-celled.
* Univ. Calif. Bot. 6: 497. 1919.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 287
Staminodia of the inner series of stamens well developed, sagittate.
Banaiss qissally, PGecidueus— att ee oe 3. PERSEA.
SEPA OCR SUS COT Ge 8) A ee ae 7. PHOEBE.
Staminodia of the inner stamens minute or none, stipelike.
Anther cells in pairs, one pair above the other___________ 8. OCOTEA.
Anther cells all inserted at nearly the same height__9. NECTANDRA.
1. LITSEA Lam. Encycl. 3: 574. 1789.
REFERENCE: Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 597-602. 1909.
Shrubs or trees; leaves comparatively small; inflorescence short-racemose,
few-flowered, axillary, in bud surrounded by an involucre of 4 to 6 broad bracts;
perianth 6 or 4-lobed ; stamens usually 9 or 12, those of the first and second ranks
eglandular, those of the third and fourth ranks usually with a stipitate gland
on each side at the base; anthers introrsely 4-celled.
The aromatic leaves of all the species are used extensively for flavoring food.
Leaves copiously pubescent beneath.
MIHOreSCENGES COrymposenL: 1 OPA MES ee ee! et et 1. L. neesiana.
Panorescences solitary or fasciculate_2——_-_-_ -____ == 2. L. orizabae.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Leaf blades rounded or subcordate at base.
Inflorescences corymbose or paniculate.
Pedicels much longer than the flowers_________-__-_____ 3. L. pedicellata.
HBeuteelssnorter than’ the towers: -2— 222 2) beeen 4. L. pringilei.
Inflorescences solitary or fasciculate.
Leaf blades rounded-ovate, obtuse__-__-_______-_______ 5. L. parvifolia.
Leaf blades ovate-lanceolate, acute__________________ 6. L. novoleontis.
Leaf blades acute or obtuse at base.
Leaves usually glaucous beneath, more than 2 cm. wide; inflorescences
conymbose 42.5 Ateloa yt ay aos en BAweee) 2 ehh ed 7. L. glaucescens.
Leaves not glaucous beneath, 1.5 cm. wide or narrower; inflorescences soli-
(EET a a a A ae RR Ne Een ES 8. L. schafftneri.
1. Litsea neesiana (Schauer) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 8: 76. 1882.
Tetranthera neesiana Schauer, Linnaea 19: 712. 1847.
? Tetranthera villosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10 7: 359. 1848.
Veracruz to Sinaloa, Oaxaca, and Chiapas.
Tree or shrub, 2 to 9 meters high; leaves ovate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, acute or
acuminate, green and glabrous above, pale and pubescent beneath. ‘“ Laurel”
(Chiapas) ; “laurel de la sierra”’ (Sinaloa).
One collection placed here by the writer was referred by Bartlett to L. guate-
malensis Mez. The leaves are used in Sinaloa as a remedy for colic pains.
2. Litsea orizabae (Mart. & Gal.) Mez. Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 479.
1889.
Persea orizabae Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 358. 1848.
Known only from Mount Orizaba, at an altitude of about 4,000 meters.
Shrub ; leaves ovate, about 7.5 cm. long, acute.
8. Litsea pedicellata Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 598. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, mountains near Saltillo, Coahuila, at an
altitude of 2,135 meters.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves orbicular-ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, obtuse.
4. Litsea pringlei Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 598. 1909.
Nuevo Leén and San Luis Potosi; type from limestone ledges of the Sierra
Madre above Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, altitude 850 meters.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long,
acute or attenuate.
288 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Litsea parvifolia (Hemsl.) Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 481. 1889. —
Umbellularia parvifolia Hems!}. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 77. 1882.
Coahuila and perhaps elsewhere.
Shrub; leaves 1.3 to 4 em. long, green above, pale beneath.
6. Litsea novoleontis Bartlett, Proc. Amer, Acad. 44: 601. 1909.
Nuevo Leén and San Luis Potosi; type from the Sierra Madre near Mon-
terrey.
Shrub, 1 to 5 meters high; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. long;
fruit black. ‘“ Laurel” (San Luis Potosi).
Tea made from the leaves is used as a beverage, with the addition of sugar
and milk. It is used also for asthma and to induce perspiration.
7. Litsea glaucescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 168. 1817.
Litsea cervantesii H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 168. 1817.
Tetranthera glaucescens subsolitaria Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 15*: 193. 1864.
Litsea glaucescens subsolitaria Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 76. 1882.
Tamaulipas to Veracruz, Chiapas, and Tepic; type from Acapulco. Central
America.
Tree or shrub, sometimes 6 meters high; leaves ovate or lanceolate, 5 to 8 |
em. long, acute or attenuate, petiolate, glaucous or green beneath. ‘‘ Laurel”
(Oaxaca, Veracruz, Chiapas, Guatemala, etc.) ; ‘sufricaya’” or “ sufricago”
(Veracruz, ete.); “ziz-uch” (Chiapas, Seler).
A tea made from the leaves is used as a beverage, as in the other species, also
for colic, ete. L. glaucescens subsolitaria is a form with solitary or fasciculate
(rather than corymbose) inflorescences.
8. Litsea schaffneri Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 601. 1909.
San Luis Potosi and Guanajuato; type from San Miguelito Mountains, San
Luis Potosi.
Shrub 2 to 3 meters high; leaves narrowly lanceolate, 2 to 5 em. long, acute.
“Laurel” (San Luis Potosi).
2. UMBELLULARIA Nutt. N. Amer. Syly. 1: 87. 1842.
1. Umbellularia californica (Hook. & Arn.) Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 87. 1842.
Tetranthera californica Hook. & Arn. Bot. -Beechey Voy. 159. 1838.
Probably in northern Baja California, although no specimens from the Mex-
ican side of the Boundary have been seen. California.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 30 meters high, with a trunk 1.6 meters in diam-
eter, the bark scaly, brown; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 14 em. long, acute;
flowers yellow; fruit yellowish, 2 to 3 cm. long; wood light brown, strong, hard,
its specific gravity about 0.65.
The fruit was eaten by the California Indians, and the leaves are some-
times used for seasoning food. The wood is used for furniture, boats, ete.
3. PERSEA Gaertn. f. Fruct. & Sem. 3: 222. 1805.
REFERENCES: Blake, A preliminary revision of the North American and
West Indian avocados, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 10: 9-21. 1920; Popenoe,
in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 4836-488, 2555-2556. 1914-16; G. N. Collins, The
avocado, a salad fruit from the tropics, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 77.
1905.
Usually trees; flowers in axillary or subterminal, pedunculate panicles;
perianth 6-lobed, the 3 outer lobes often smaller than the inner ones; perfect
stamens 9, those of the first and second series eglandular, those of the third
series with a gland on each side at the base; anthers extrorsely 4-celled; fruit
small or often very large.
Species nos. 5 to 9 are referred by some authors to a separate genus, Notha-
phoebe.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 289
Perianth lobes equal or subequal; flowers comparatively large.
Ovary glabrous; staminal glands sessile-________________ 1. P. cinerascens.
Ovary pubescent ; staminal glands stipitate.
Pedicels 8 to 15 mm. long; stipe of staminode 2 to 3 times as long and
essentially as broad as the elliptic head. Branchlets densely ferrugi-
MOUS-LOMeNTOSe = = = CS ee a 2. P. schiedeana.
Pedicels 1 to 6 mm. long; staminode with triangular head much broader
than the stipe.
Branchlets fulvous-villous; leaves floccose-tomentose beneath; filaments
only one-third longer than the anthers___-_________ 8. P. floccosa.
Branchlets glabrous to pilosulous; leaves glabrous to pilosulous beneath ;
filaments 2 to 3 times as long as the anthers.
Leaves not anise-scented; perianth deciduous________ 4. P. americana.
Leaves anise-(or sassafras)-scented; perianth usually persistent.
4a. P. americana drymifolia.
Perianth lobes unequal, the outer ones shorter; flowers small.
seeawes tolADTOUS= +o! ose: “Steeped a ole he gt seen 5. P. longipes.
Leaves pubescent, at least beneath.
‘Leaf blades lanceolate or oblong, about 3 cm. wide.
Leaves minutely sericeous beneath, not glaucescent____6. P. veraguensis.
Leaves not sericeous beneath, glaucous or glaucescent__7. P. podadenia.
Leaf blades mostly ovate, obovate, or elliptic, 3 to 10 cm. wide.
Pubescence of the lower surface of the leaves coarse, loose; inflorescence
PUILVOUSsVillOUSut=B__jiuse oe ost he OY eT 8. P. chamissonis.
Pubescence of the lower surface of the leaves fine, appressed; inflores-
CENCE ESETICCOUS! 6 oaks A) ee 4h eb iyi eee eS 35 9. P. liebmanni.
1. Persea cinerascens Blake, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 10: 18. f. 2. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Tree; branchlets densely pilose-tomentose; leaf blades elliptic to oval-oblong
or obovate, 10 to 20 cm. long, 5 to 8 cm. wide, acute or short-pointed, pilosulous
beneath; pedicels 1 mm. long; perianth 7 to 8.5 mm. long; fruit subglobose,
glaucous-blue, about 12 mm. in diameter.
2. Persea schiedeana Nees, Syst. Laurin. 130. 1836.
Persea gratissima schiedeana Meissn. in DC. Prodr, 15*: 53. 1864.
Persea pittieri Mez, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 30: Beibl. 67: 15. 1901.
Veracruz and probably elsewhere; type from Misantla. Guatemala _ to
Panama.
Tree, 15 to 20 or rarely even 50 meters high; leaf blades obovate to oval-
obovate or oval, 12.5 to 30 cm. long, 7 to 15 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded
and short-pointed at apex, beneath glaucous and pilosulous; perianth 6 to 8 mm.
long. “ Chinini” (Veracruz) ; “ coyé,” “ coyocté,” “ kiy6,” “kiyau,” “ chucte,”
“chaucte,” “ shucte,” “ koty6,” (Guatemala) ; “ aguacatén” (Panama).
This species is cultivated in Veracruz and is probably also indigenous there.
The flowers are pale greenish yellow, turning crimson at the base in age, or
sometimes light rose. The stamens also turn crimson with age, and the glands
are bright orange. The flowers of P. americana are said to be pale green, not
changing color with age.
The fruit is much like that of the common avocado, and equally variable in
form and quality. The skin is thick but leathery and pliable; the flesh brown-
ish white, of fine oily texture. The flavor is similar to that of the common
avocado but distinguishable, suggesting that of a ripe coconut. The cotyledons
when cut are rose-pink ; in P. americana they are whitish.
290 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Persea floccosa Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 5: 148. 1889.
Known only from the type locality, Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Tree; leaf blades ovate, 11 to 17 cm. long, 5 to 7.5 cm. wide, acuminate,
claucescent beneath; perianth 5 mm. long.
4. Persea americana Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768.
Laurus persea L. Sp. Pl. 370. 1753.
Persea gratissima Gaertn. f. Fruct. & Sem. 3: 222, pl. 221. 1807.
Persea persea Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 19: 95. 1892.
Commonly cultivated in Mexico, and probably native in the southern part.
Widely cultivated in tropical regions.
Tree, sometimes 20 meters high, with a trunk 60 cm. in diameter, the bark
rather thin, light gray, fissured; leaves oval to elliptic, 10 to 30 cm. long, 3.5
to 20 em. wide, acute or obtuse, copiously pubescent when young; flowers green-
ish; perianth 5.5 to 7 mm. long; fruit oval or pear-shaped, sometimes 18 cm.
long, smooth, with thick oily pulp and a very large seed; wood rather soft,
fine-grained, reddish brown or light brown, its specific gravity about 0.65.
The fruit is known in Mexico as “aguacate” or “ahuacate,’ from the
Nahuatl “ ahuacatl’’? or “ ahuacuahuitl.” The following additional names are
used, some of them referring to horticultural varieties: ““Aguacate oloroso”
(Veracruz, Oaxaca); “on” (Yucatan, Maya); “aguacate xinene,” “ xinene”
(Oaxaca, Reko); “tonalahuate” (Morelos, Veracruz, Ramirez); “ cupanda”
(Tarascan) ; “aguacatillo”’ (Michoacan, Jalisco) ; “ pahuatl” (the name of a
large variety, according to Starr’); “pagua” (a large variety, Robelo) ;
“koidium,” “ koitum,” ‘ kuitm” (Mixe, the fruit, Belmar; the tree is “ kuitm-
keip”’); “ttatzin” (Otomi, Buelna); “palta’’ (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru;
the Quechua name; Ramirez reports it as in use in Mexico, but this is doubt-
ful) ; “cura” (Colombia). The best English name is ‘ avocado,” a derivative
of “aguacate’” This word has been variously modified, the extremes being
perhaps “ abogado,” the Spanish word for “ lawyer,’ and “ watercats,’’ employed
by some English writers. The name “alligator-pear” is sometimes applied,
but this is an objectionable name. In the various Maya dialects of Central
America the names employed are “0,” ‘oj,’ “ju,” “un,” “um,” and “on.”
The avocado is one of the best-known of Mexican trees, haying been cultivated
for many centuries. It has been introduced into most tropical regions of the
world, and in recent years into southern Florida and California. It is of inter-
est to note that the Trapp avocado, the form most commonly grown in Florida,
belongs to a distinct species, of unknown origin, distinguished by having the
perianth glabrous within. It has been described recently by Blake* as Persea
leiogyna.
Two principal horticultural forms of Persea americana are recognized, the
“West Indian type,” with smooth fruit and leathery skin, and the “ Guatemalan
type,” with rough or warty fruit and brittle skin. There is great variation in the
size and shape of the fruit.
In tropical America the trees are grown from seeds, beginning to bear when
four or five years old and continuing their production sometimes for 50 years or
more. In modern practice the best forms are propagated by budding. <A good-
sized tree will produce as many as 500 fruits per year. The fruit has a pleasant
flavor, and is usually eaten as a salad, with the addition of salt, pepper, vinegar,
*This is also the Nahuatl term for testicle. It is uncertain which is the
primitive meaning.
? Starr, In Indian Mexico, p. 245. 1908.
* Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 10: 19. 1920.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 291
and other condiments, but sometimes it is prepared with sugar or wine. It is
eaten by all kinds of domestic animals.
A large number of therapeutic uses are reported for the plant. The pulp is
eredited with hastening the suppuration of wounds and is reputed to have
aphrodisiac and emmenagogue properties. The rind is used to expel intestinal
parasites. The seeds contain a milky juice which turns red on exposure, and
which produces an indelible stain on linen. Ground and mixed with cheese,
meal, etc., the seeds are used to poison rats and mice. An ointment of the pul-
verized seeds is sometimes employed as a rubefacient, and a decoction of them,
or a piece of a seed placed in the cavity of a tooth, is believed to cure toothache.
The leaves and bark are employed in domestic medicine because of the pectoral,
stomachic, emmenagogue, resolutive, and antiperiodic properties ascribed to
them. The seeds are used also for the manufacture of various trinkets.
The avocado is noted by all the early writers upon tropical American plants.
Oviedo (Lib. IX, Cap. XXIII) gives a very full account of the tree and of
the fruit, which he describes as superior to the pears of Castile. Acosta gives
a brief account of the fruit, under the name “palta.” Sahagtn writes the
name “ auacatl,” and states that there are also other kinds besides the common
one: The “ tlacaclauacatl,’ which women nursing dare not eat, because the
fruit causes diarrhoea in the children nursed; and the ‘“quilauacatl,” or
“sreen aguacate,” a form with green skin, ‘and very good to eat.” He states
that the powdered seeds were employed as a remedy for dandruff. Hernandez
also gives a long account’ of the avocado, in a chapter entitled “De Ahuaca
Quauhitl, seu Arbore Querciformi butiraceo fructu.” He describes the leaves
as fragrant, and consequently doubtless refers to the Mexican type, Persea
americana drymifolia. He states that by pressure oil was obtained from the
seeds and used to cure eruptions of the skin.
4a. Persea americana drymifolia (Schlecht. & Cham.) Blake, Journ. Wash-
ington Acad. Sci. 10: 15. 1920.
Persea drymifolia Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 365. 1831.
Nuevo Leén to Sinaloa, Veracruz, and Puebla; type from Papantla, Vera-
cruz. Guatemala; cultivated in Ecuador.
Leaves usually smaller than in P. americana, elliptic or oval, acute or ac-
uminate; fruit thin-skinned. ‘“ Aguacate oloroso.”
This is the common Mexican avocado, and the vernacular names reported
above apply also, presumably, to the variety.
5. Persea longipes (Schlecht.) Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 15*: 55. 1864.
Laurus longipes Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 390. 1832.
Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna; perhaps also in Guerrero.
Tree or shrub; leaves oblong or lanceolate, 8 to 15 cm. long, attenuate, green
and lustrous above, paler beneath.
6. Persea veraguensis Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 193. 1854.
Oaxaca and Chiapas. Type from Chiriqui, Panama.
Tree, sometimes 20 meters high; leaves 8 to 17 cm. long, acuminate, with
conspicuous venation, the pubescence of the lower surface somewhat lustrous;
flowers sericeous.
7. Persea podadenia Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 62. 1917.
Sonora, Durango, and Jalisco; type from San Ramé6én, Durango.
Shrub or tree; leaves 9 to 16 cm. long, acute or acutish, pale beneath,
petiolate. “ Laurel” (Jalisco) ; “laurel de la sierra’ (Sonora).
Leaves with a flavor similar to that of sassafras; used for seasoning food,
* Thesaurus 89. 1651.
292 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
8. Persea chamissonis Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 168. 1889.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Chiconquiaco, Veracruz.
Small tree; leaves lance-oblong to obovate-oval, 5.5 to 11 cm. long, obtuse
or acute, copiously pubescent.
9. Persea liebmanni Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 166. 1889.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Tree; leaves mostly oval or oval-ovate, 10 to 18 em. long, acute or obtuse,
very thick; fruit globose, 1 cm. in diameter.
4, SASSAFRIDIUM Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 157%: 171. 1864.
1. Sassafridium macrophyllum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 355. 1895.
Sinaloa to Veracruz and Tabasco; type from Manzanillo.
Tree, sometimes 10 meters high, nearly glabrous; leaves lance-oblong to ovate
or oval-oblong, 10 to 20 cm. long, petiolate, acute or acuminate, lustrous; flowers
numerous, white, sweet-scented; perianth 6-lobed, the lobes subequal; perfect
stamens 9, those of the first and second Series eglandular, those of the third
series with 2 glands at the base; anthers 4-celled, introrse; fruit about 1 cm.
long. “ Laurel,” “laurel blanco” (Tabasco); “ aguacatillo’”’ (Michoacén, Gue-
rrero) ; “laurelén’” (Sinaloa).
5. HUFELANDIA Nees, Pl. Laur. Expos. 11. 1833.
1. Hufelandia mexicana Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 20. 1889.
Veracruz and. Oaxaca.
Shrub or tree; leaves elliptic or ovate, acute or acuminate, green, glabrous;
perianth 6-lobed ; perfect stamens 9, those of the first and second series eglandu-
lar, the anthers 2-celled, introrse, the anthers of the third series extrorse, the
filaments each with 2 glands at the base.
Reported from Mexico as .H. pendula Meisn. and Beilschmiedia pendula
Hemsl.
6. MISANTECA Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 367. 1831.
Trees, nearly glabrous, with large leaves, these short-petiolate, acuminate ;
perianth 6-lobed ; perfect stamens 3, connate into a fleshy column about the pistil,
the anthers 2-ceiled; fruit large, partly inclosed in the cuplike accrescent calyx
tube.
Mlowers sessile, -capitatess ui) ha) wipaaw se “ooivelf wep 1. M. capitata.
Flowers pedicellate, paniculate_______+--___________------- 2. M. jurgensenii. —
1. Misanteca capitata Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 367. 1831.
Acrodiclidium glabrum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 497. 1919. j
Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Misantla and Papantla, Veracruz. Guate-
mala.
Large tree; leaves oval to lance-oblong, 11 to 25 em. long, thick and leathery ;
flower heads 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter, very long-pedunculate; fruit 2.5 cm. long.
“Taurel,” “palo misanteco” (Veracruz) ; “laurel de la sierra” (Oaxaca).
The wood is said to be valuable for carpentry and cabinet work.
2. Misanteca jurgensenii Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 102. 1889.
Oaxaca; type from Pinatepa.
Tree; leaves lance-oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, 14 to 20 cm. long, acute at
the base, lustrous; fruit ellipsoid, 2.5 cm. long.
The fruit seated in the large calyx tube resembles an acorn and its cup.
7. PHOEBE Nees, Syst. Laurin. 98. 1836.
Trees or shrubs; leaves usually large, glabrous or pubescent, petiolate; flow- —
ers paniculate ; perianth 6-lobed ; perfect stamens 9, those of the first and second
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 993
series eglandular, with introrsely 4-celled anthers, those of the third series each
with 2 glands at the base, the anthers extrorsely 4-celled.
BUBEUSPEONG sea Sofia co lsei ite ow eel 2 equ to _onserthe ee sree 1. P. pallescens.
Ovary glabrous.
Waenvies sessiie. cordates loos i koe tet at Seen 2. P. amplexicaulis.
Leaves petiolate.
Mature leaves conspicuously soft-pilose or villous beneath, never 3-nerved.
Filaments pilose.
Weaves~acuite vat Dase 2 a St eee ee ee 3. P. psychotrioides.
Leaves, obtuse.or rounded. at, base.-2 =~ 4. P. mollis.
Filaments of the outer series of stamens glabrous.
Leaves obtuse or cordate at base.
Filaments as long as the anthers or slightly shorter. 5. P. betazensis.
Filaments very short or none. .
Anthers rectangular-quadrate___________-____ 6. P. helicterifolia.
fs SUL EVENS} Wa) U1 CR TES RS SI a ERT Sol I a 7. P. nectandroides.
Leaves acute at base.
Meavess ANCCOlA tC suet eared 8. P. bourgeauviana.
Heavesrellipticvor SuUbOVates 22282 fae See 9. P. pachypoda.
Mature leaves glabrous beneath or glabrate or short-tomentellous, never
soft-pilose.
Leaves pinninerved or very obscurely triplinerved, glabrous.
Filaments less than one-third as long as the anthers.
10. P. subtriplinervia.
Filaments abeut as long as the anthers.
Flowers pubescent ; leaves less than 3 cm. wide.
11. P. tampicensis.
Flowers glabrous; leaves 4 to 6 em. wide________ 12. P. ehrenbergii.
Leaves distinctly triplinerved.
Hlowers pilosetts. Sf 61 «2.7 2ay wel pies BA otet 1 O08 Ze 13. P. mexicana.
Flowers glabrous.
Inflorescence equaling or longer than the leaves______ 14. P. effusa.
Inflorescence shorter than the leaves.
Milaments; partly pilose-22 —6 2.2008 | apenn, weet 15. P. salicifolia.
Bilaments ela brous: ees 5 et RA fete ee Lee 16. P. barbeyana.
1. Phoebe pallescens Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 218. 1889.
Known only from the type locality, Orizaba.
2. Phoebe amplexicaulis (Cham. & Schlecht.) Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus.
Berlin 5: 216. 1889.
Persea amplexicaulis Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 90. 1830.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro Colorado, Veracruz.
Leaves cordate-oblong, 11.5 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, coriaceous, glabrous, long-
acuminate; inflorescence few-flowered.
3. Phoebe psychotrioides (H. B. K.) Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5:
191. 1889.
Ocotea psychotrioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 172. 1817.
Forests of Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Shrub; leaves elliptic to lance-oblong, 5 to 11 em. long, acuminate, bright
green and lustrous on the upper surface.
4. Phoebe mollis Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 192. 1889.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known.
Leaves lanceolate, about 7.5 cm. long, acute, white-tomentose beneath.
294 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Phoebe betazensis Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 192. 1889.
Oaxaca; type from Betaza. Guatemala.
Shrub, or perhaps sometimes a tree; leaves elliptic, oblong, or obevate, 8 to
20 cm. long, acuminate, pilose on both surfaces; panicles large, long peau
late; fruit 1.5 to 2 em. long.
6. Phoebe helicterifolia (Meissn.) Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 193.
1889. sa
Oreodaphne helicterifolia Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 157*: 123. 1864.
Described from San Bartolo, Chiapas. Guatemala to Costa Rica.
Shrub or tree; leaves oblong, lanceolate, or elliptic, 5 to 10 cm. long, copiously
pubescent, acute or acuminate, short-petiolate. “ Quizarra amarilla” (Guate-
mala, Costa Rica).
7. Phoebe nectandroides Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 194. 1889.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Orizaba. Central America.
Tree, about 12 meters high; leaves obovate or broadly elliptic, 15 to 25 cm.
long, pilose; branches of the inflorescence glabrous.
Previously reported from Mexico as Ocotea wmbrosa Mart.
8. Phoebe bourgeauviana Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 194. 1889.
Known only from the type locality, Cordoba, Veracruz.
Leayes lanceolate, about 10 em. long, soft-pubescent beneath, acuminate;
fruit about 1 cm. long.
9. Phoebe pachypoda (Nees) Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 196. 1889.
Persea pachypoda Nees, Linnaea 21: 490, 1847.
Oreodaphne benthamiana Nees, Linnaea 21: 521. 1847.
Phoebe hartwegii Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 157*: 30. 1864.
Persea hartwegii Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 72. 1882.
Phoebe benthamiana Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 195. 1889.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Guanajuato; type from El Banco.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 7 meters high; leaves 7.5 to 12 cm. long, petiolate, acumi-
nate, very thick, green above, pale and soft-pilose beneath; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm.
long. “Aguacate cimarron.”
Fruit said to be edible.
10. Phoebe subtriplinervia (Meissn.) Standl.
Oreodaphne subtriplinervia Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 15’: 125. 1864.
Ocotea subtriplinervia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 74. 1882.
Phoebe galeottiana Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 200. 1889.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Shrub or perhaps a tree, glabrous; leaves lanceolate, 4 to 6 cm. long,
acuminate, coriaceous; flowers subracemose, white or yellowish, 2 mm. long.
11. Phoebe tampicensis (Meissn.) Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 200.
1889.
Oreodaphne tampicensis Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 157+: 136. 1864.
Ocotea tampicensis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 74. 1882.
Ocotea angustata Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 63. 1917.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type from Tampico.
Tree, 6 to 10 meters high; leaves linear-lanceolate, 6 to 11 cm. long, attenuate,
dark green, lustrous; fruit 1.5 to 2 em. long.
12. Phoebe ehrenbergii Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 201. 1889.
Type from Temascaltepec, State of Mexico; perhaps also in Oaxaca.
Leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 12 to 16.5 em. long, acute, glabrous.
13. Phoebe mexicana Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 15*: 31. 1864.
Persea mexicana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 72. 1882.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 295
Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Reported from Costa Rica.
Large tree; leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong, 5 to 12.5 cm. long, acuminate,
coriaceous, glabrous. ‘ Quechol aguacate.”
14. Phoebe effusa Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 157: 33. 1864.
Persea effusa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 71. 1882.
Veracruz. Central America.
Tree, sometimes 30 meters high, with a trunk a meter in diameter, the bark
grayish; leaves lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 6 to 14 cm. long, acuminate or
obtuse; flowers greenish, ill-scented; wood light brown, moderately soft, light,
weak, fine-grained. “Sigua blanca” (Panama).
15. Phoebe salicifolia Nees, Linnaea 21: 488. 1847.
Persea salicifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 71. 1864.
Known only from the type locality, Regla, Hidalgo.
Tree, 6 meters high; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 10 cm. long,
acuminate.
16. Phoebe barbeyana Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 209. 1889.
Known only from the type locality, Orizaba, Veracruz.
Leaves elliptic, 8 to 11 em. long, acuminate, glabrate; fruit about 1 cm. long.
8. OCOTEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 2: 780. 1775.
Trees or shrubs with coriaceous leaves; flowers in axillary or subterminal
panicles; perianth 6-lobed; perfect stamens 9, those of the first and second
series eglandular, the anthers introrsely 4-celled, those of the third series
minute or sometimes wanting; fruit at first inclosed «in the indurate perianth
tube, later exserted.
Deve TCE lADTOUS eee) Ss, 1K fae 8 ee tad toe 1. O. cernua.
Flowers pubescent.
TONES CIOCCIOUS2 20208 UNS pets ee ee Poo ad 2. O. puberula.
Flowers perfect.
Anthers of the two outer series sessile, foliose, not contracted at base.
Leaves mostly 3.5 to 5 em. wide, obtuse or acutish____3. O. veraguemnsis.
Leaves 7 to 15 cm. wide, acuminate._____________-_-___ 4. 0. perseifolia.
Anthers of the two outer series borne on filaments, or sessile but contracted
at the base, not foliose.
Leaves tomentellous beneath, broadly elliptic____-______ 5. O. rubrifiora.
Leaves barbate beneath in the axils of the veins, lanceolate or lance-
elliptic.
Staminodia conspicuous, white-pilose______________-__-___ 6. O. effusa.
SEMA OIA sNONCS Peete nt ee ee TE 7. O. klotzschiana.
1. Ocotea cernua (Nees) Mez. Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 377. 1889.
Oreodaphne cernua Nees, Syst. Laurin. 424. 1836.
Tabasco and Campeche. Lesser Antilles; Central America.
Tree, 6 to 8 meters high, glabrous; leaves elliptic or oval-elliptic, 8 to 17 cm.
lg, acuminate, petiolate. ‘“‘ Laurel de bajo” (Campeche).
2. Ocotea puberula Nees, Syst. Laurin. 472. 1836.
Strychnodaphne puberula Nees, Linnaea 8: 39: 1838.
Reported from Veracruz. Widely distributed in South America.
Leaves elliptic-oblong or lance-oblong, 7.5 to 20 em. long, acute or acuminate.
3. Ocotea veraguensis (Meissn.) Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 240.
1889. -
Sassafridium veraguense Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 15*: 171. 1864.
Chiapas. Central America; type from Panama.
55268—22—_9
296 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Small or medium-sized tree, the bark grayish, smooth or slightly rugose, aro-
matic, with an odor like cinnamon; leaves oblong-elliptic, 7 to 12 cm. long,
glabrous; flowers white, sweet-scented ; fruit 1.5 cm. long; wood hard, moder-
ately heavy, very close-grained, durable, taking a good polish. ‘“ Canelo,”
“ecanelillo” (Costa Riea); “sigua canelo” (Panama); “palo colorado”
(Nicaragua).
4. Ocotea perseifolia Mez & Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 20: 10. 1895.
Forests of Tabasco. Guatemala; type from Yzabal.
Tree; leaves ovate, oblong-ovate, or oval-ovate, 15 to 30 cm. long, acuminate;
panicles large, many-flowered. ‘“ Laurel de chile” (Tabasco).
5. Ocotea rubriflora Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 279. 1889.
Known only from the type locality, Teapa, Tabasco.
Tree; leaves broadly elliptic, about 23 cm. long, acuminate.
6. Ocotea effusa (Meissn.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 73. 1882.
Oreodaphne effusa Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 15 *: 120. 1864.
Oaxaca; type from San Pedro Nolasco.
Leaves lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, long-acuminate. ;
7. Ocotea klotzschiana (Nees) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3:73. 1864.
Oreodaphne klotzschiana Nees, Linnaea 21: 523. 1847.
Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere.
Tree or shrub; leaves lanceolate or oblong, 5 to 8.5 cm. long, narrowly acumi-
nate, lustrous.
9. NECTANDRA Roland; Rottb. Act. Litt. Univ. Hafn. 1: 279. 1778.
Trees or shrubs with coriaceous leaves; flowers in axillary or terminal, pedun-
culate cymes; perianth 6-lobed; perfect stamens 9, those of the first and second
series eglandular, the anthers introrsely 4-celled, those of the third series with
glands at base, the anthers extrorsely 4-celled.
Nectandra rodiaei Hook., of northern South America, is the greenheart, whose
wood is valuable, especially because of its great durability in water. The bark
contains the alkaloids bebeerine, sipirine, and nectrandrine. It is tonic, some-
what astringent, and febrifuge, somewhat resembling cinchona in properties al-
though greatly inferior in quality. It has been used in the treatment of inter-
mittent and remittent fevers. The Indians of British Guiana are said to make a
kind of bitter bread from the seeds, which contain nearly 50 per cent of starch.
Anthers of the outer series sessile. Flowers pubescent.
Ovaryvidensely: tOmMentOSC sae ese ee ee eee ee ee 1. N. sinuata.
Ovary glabrous or nearly so.
Style equaling or longer than the ovary__________________ 2. N. reticulata. —
Style shorter than the ovary.
Young leaves conspicuously yellowish-tomentellous on the upper surface.
3. N. pallida.
Young leaves glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface.
4. N. glabrescens.
Anthers of the outer series conspicuously stipitate.
Filaments of the first and second series of stamens pilose.
Leaves not reticulate, sericeous when young_______-__________ 5. N. nitida. —
Leaves reticulate, not sericeous____-_-----+--_--+-u+- + 6. N. sanguinea.
Filaments of the first and second series of stamens glabrous.
Style decidedly longer than the ovary; leaves glabrous___7. N. rectinervia.
Style equaling or longer than the ovary; leaves more or less pubescent be- |
neath.
MlowersG:totOimm: broaditsa242 2s 2 he eee ee ee 8. N. concinna.
ETO WV ETA LO y Goa TT TE 6k 9. N. pichurim.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 297
1. Nectandra sinuata Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 402. 1889.
Oaxaca. Central America; type from Guatemala.
Tree, 12 to 15 meters high; leaves oblong, obovate, or obovate-oval, 10 to
25 em. long, petiolate, obtuse or acute, velvety-pilose; flowers large, white
within, red outside; fruit about 3 cm. long. “Aguacatillo” (Oaxaca); “ qui-
zarra hedionda”’ (Costa Rica). }
2. Nectandra reticulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5:
404. 1889.
Laurus reticulata Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 4: pl. 348. 1802.
Ocotea mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 164. 1817.
Nectandra mollis Nees, Syst. Laurin. 287. 1836.
Oaxaca and Veracruz. Central America and South America; type from
Peru.
Tree, sometimes 40 meters high; leaves elliptic-oblong, 15 to 25 em. long,
acute or acuminate, puberulent, with conspicuous venation; flowers white.
8. Nectandra pallida Nees, Linnaea 21: 510. 1847.
Michoacin; also reported from Mexico, the locality not indicated but prob-
ably in Veracruz. British Guiana.
Leaves lanceolate, about 11 cm. long, acuminate, tomentellous.
4. Nectandra glabrescens Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 161. 1844.
Tepic to Guerrero, the type region. Reported from Central America and
Colombia.
Tree, 8 to 14 meters high; leaves lance-oblong to elliptic, 10 to 18 cm. long,
acuminate, lustrous; flowers white.
5. Nectandra nitida Mez, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5: 461. 1889.
Type from western Mexico, the locality not indicated. Panama.
Tree, 12 to 15 meters high; leaves ovate or elliptic, about 12.5 em. long,
acuminate, sericeous when young, glabrate in age; fruit subglobose, 6 mm.
long.
6. Nectandra sanguinea Rottb. Act. Litt. Univ. Hafn. 1: 279. 1778.
Ocotea salicifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 166. 1817.
Ocotea globosa Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 366. 1831.
Tamaulipas to Tabasco. Central America and northern South America; type
from Surinam.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a trunk nearly a meter
in diameter; leaves lanceolate to elliptic, 7 to 15 cm. long, obtuse to attenuate,
petiolate, lustrous; flowers white or pinkish; fruit globose, 1 cm. in diameter,
black. ‘‘ Piesito de paloma” (Tabasco); “ aguacatillo” (Tamaulipas).
Specimens from Yucatiéin, reported by Mez as N. coriacea (Swartz) Griseb.,
probably belong here. WN. loesenerii Mez. (Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 243. 1905),
from Veracruz, is closely related, judging from the description.
7. Nectandra rectinervia Meissn. in DC. Prodr. 15*: 158. 1864.
Veracruz. Central America and northern South America; type from Cuman4,
Venezuela.
Tree; leaves elongate-oblong, 10 to 20 em. long, long-acuminate; flowers white
or lilac.
8. Nectandra concinna Nees, Syst, Laurin. 322. 1836.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central and South America.
Tree; leaves elliptic or oblong, 9 to 16 cm. long, acute or acuminate; flowers
white. “ Angelino aceiteno”’ (Venezuela).
2938 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. Nectandra pichurim (H. B. K.) Mez, Jahrb Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 5:
449. 1889.
Ocotea pichurim H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 266. 1817.
Reported from Mexico by Mez, the localities not stated. Panama and South
America.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 20 meters high, with white bark; leaves lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, 10 to 19 em. long, long-acuminate; flowers white, fragrant;
fruit globose, 6 mm. in diameter.
47. HERNANDIACEAE. Hernandia Family.
‘Lrees or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire or lobed, estipulate, petiolate; flowers
inconspicuous, cymose or paniculate, unisexual; perianth 4 to 10-lobed; corolla
none; stamens as many as the perianth lobes, 2-celled; fruit 1-seeded.
Leaves entire; fruit surrounded by a fleshy involucel; flowers in clusters of 3
Surrounded by aN, NVvoluCcre= oe Toe 1. HERNANDIA.
Leaves usually lobed; fruit nutlike, 2 of the calyx lobes persistent, developing
into winglike appendages; flowers not involucrate____2. GYROCARPUS.
1. HERNANDIA?’ L. Sp. Pl. 981. 1753.
1. Hernandia guianensis Aubl. Pl. Guian. 2: 848. 1775.
Veracruz. Costa Rica to the Guianas.
Tree, about 8 meters high; leaves ovate to rounded-oval, 10 to 18 em. long,
6 to 12 em. wide, rounded or subcordate at base, rounded and short-pointed at
apex, glabrous or somewhat puberulent beneath, long-petiolate; flowers in long-
stalked cymes, finely tomentulose, white. ‘‘ Aguacatillo”’ (Costa Rica).
A single Mexican specimen has been seen by the writer, collected by Liebmann
in dense forests near Pital. The specimen is in poor condition, and the specific
determination consequently very doubtful.
2. GYROCARPUS Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 282. 1763.
1. Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 282. pl. 178, f. 80. 1763.
Gyrocarpus jacquini Roxb. Pl. Corom. 1: 2. pl. 1. 1795.
Gyrocarpus jacquini schiedei Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 399. 1842.
Veracruz to Yucatin, Oaxaca, and Tepic. Central America,-Colombia, and
Venezuela; tropical Africa, Asia, and Australia.
Large or medium-sized tree, sometimes 20 meters high, with thick branches; 3
leaves alternate, long-petiolate, often 30 em. wide or larger, entire or palmately
lobed; flowers small, unisexual, in broad cymes; calyx lobes accrescent in fruit
and becoming 10 to 12 cm. long and about 1 em. wide. ‘“ Palo hediondo”’ (Oaxaca,
Guerrero, Morelos); “ quitlacoctli,’ “quitlacotli” (Nahuatl); “xkis” or
“ciis” (Yucatan, Maya); “babi” (Oaxaca, Reko); “palo del zopilote”.
(Oaxaca) ; “ volador’’? (Yucatéin, Venezuela, Colombia) ; “ talalate,” ‘ gallito,”
“ecaballitos ”” (Nicaragua).
The wood is white and very soft and light, a cubic foot weighing about 23
pounds. It is said to take paint and varnish well, and in some places is used for
making toys and light boxes. In India the seeds are strung as necklaces and
rosaries.
*The genus was named for Francisco Hernandez; see p. 10.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 299
48. PAPAVERACEAE. Poppy Family.
Shrubs or small trees with colored juice; leaves alternate, entire, dentate,
or lobate; flowers perfect; petals 4 or 6, sometimes none; stamens numerous;
fruit a 1-celled capsule.
Herbaceous representatives of several other genera occur in Mexico.
Leaves very spiny; sepals 3. Petals large, yellow____________ 1. ARGEMONE.
Leaves not spiny; sepals 2.
Petals large, yellow; leaves entire, coriaceous__________ 2. DENDROMECON.
Petals none; leaves lobed or dentate, membranaceous____-____ 3. BOCCONTA.
1. ARGEMONE L. Sp. Pl. 508. 1753.
1. Argemone fruticosa Thurb.; A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 306.
1855.
Coahuila; type from La Pefia.
Shrub, 45 to 75 em. high; leaves 2.5 to 4 em. long, sessile, shallowly lobed,
very glaucous, the lobes tipped with slender yellow spines; flowers pale
yellow, 7 to 8 cm. broad.
Several other species of the genus are found in Mexico, but they are all
herbs. They are known by the vernacular names “ chicalote” and “ ecardo
santo.”
2. DENDROMECON Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. II. 1: 407. 1834.
1. Dendromecon rigidum Benth. Trans. Hort. Soc. Lond. II. 1: 407. 1834.
Northern Baja California. California.
Shrub, 0.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate or lance-elliptic, 3.5 to 7 em.
long, acute, nearly sessile, very thick and conspicuously veined; flowers soli-
tary, terminal, 4 to 5 cm. broad; capsule very slender, linear, about 6 em. long.
3. BOCCONTA L. Sp. Pl. 505. 1753.
Shrubs or small trees with yellow or reddish juice, the stems simple or
sparsely branched; leaves often very large; flowers small, in large panicles;
eapsule small, stipitate, dehiscent to the base; seeds solitary or few.
In Mexican literature the species are much confused, since all are similar
in general appearance and have the same properties. The following references
to the chemical properties of the plants may be cited: E. Armenddrez, Analisis
de la Bocconia, Estudio 4: 471; Mariano Lozano y Castro, Estudio quimico de
la corteza de Bocconia, Estudio 4: 281, 344; Villada, Estudios relativos 4 la
Bocconia arborea y los alcaloides de las Papavericeas, Naturaleza II. 2: 207-212.
mecavessentire Orrdentates-- wie) Viitey UP ee eee 1, B. integrifolia.
Leaves pinnatifid.
Lobes of the leaves narrow, long-attenuate________-_ 2. B. arborea.
Lobes broad, rounded or acute.
Lobes acute or acutish, conspicuously dentate____________ 3. B. frutescens.
Lobes rounded at apex, entire or sinuate-dentate_______ 4. B. latisepala.
1. Bocconia integrifolia Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 119. pl. 35. 1808.
Bocconia integrifolia mexicana DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 2: 91. 1821.
Veracruz. Central America to Peru (type locality) ; Jamaica.
Branched shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves oblong or oblanceolate, 15 to
25 cm. long. tomentose beneath or glabrous and glaucous.
300 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Bocconia arborea S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 141. 1890.
Durango and Sinaloa to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Lake Chapala, Ja-
lisco. Guatemala.
Tree, 4 to 8 meters high, the trunk sometimes 60 cm. in diameter, covered
with corky bark; leaves clustered at the ends of the branches, 10 to 45 em.
long or larger, with few or numerous narrow lobes, glabrous above, beneath
pale and tomentose or glabrous. ‘“ Chicalote,” ‘‘chicalote de arbol” (Tepic) ;
“jlora-sangre” (Michoacin, Oaxaca, ete.); “palo amarillo” (Michoacan) ;
“arbol de Judas,” “palo de Judas” (Durango, Patoni); “sauco” (Durango,
Palmer); “enguande,” “inguande,” “engtiemba’’ (Michoacin, Tarascan, Ra-
mirez); “mano de leén’” (Oaxaca); “cocoxihuitl’” (Jalisco, Ramirez) ;
“tlacoxihuitl” (Jalisco, Michoacin, Ramirez); “guachilli” (Ramirez) ;
“ ahuacachilli”’ (Morelos) ; “ palo del diablo” (Durango, Sinaloa) ; “ palmilla ”
(Sinaloa).
The bark yields a yellow dye which was used by the early inhabitants of
Mexico for coloring plumes and other objects. The plant contains several alka-
loids similar to those obtained from the poppy plant (Papaver somniferum
L.). These, when injected beneath the skin, cause local anesthesia, and for
this purpose they have been used by surgeons in the City of Mexico, while
performing operations. The wood is useless for timber or fuel, but is some-
times employed in tanning.
The species is illustrated by Hernindez,* and described in a chapter headed
“De Enguamba.” He states that the plant grows about Uruapam, and that
an oil extracted from the fruit is employed for dissolving tumors and cleans-
ing ulcers. On page 158 of the Thesaurus Hernandez figures and describes an-
other plant under the heading “‘ De Cocoxihuitl, seu herba acri.” The figure
may represent either Bocconia arborea or B. frutescens. WHernandez’s de-
seription is based upon a plant in the gardens of the King of Texcoco, where.
he says, he “studied the plant for some days.” He gives the meaning of the
Nahuatl name as “ hot-herb,” but it may be that it should be translated rather
“ yellow-herb,” an allusion to the color of the juice. He gives the following
account of the names and medicinal properties of the plant: “The plant is
hot and dry in the fourth degree, and possesses a certain astringency. The
shoots, deprived of the bark, dissipate films and ulcers of the eyes. The
juice relieves wind on the stomach, cures eruptions (as does the fruit also),
and alleviates pains of cold origin. The leaves, crushed and applied as a poul-
tice, heal old wounds and dissolve warts. Some call this tree Quauh chilli,
because of its acrid and burning flavor, like that of the peppers called Chilli
by the Mexicans. It grows in temperate or hot regions, as well as in gar-
dens. Some call it also Totolinyzochtl, or pigeon-flower, and some Tlacoxihuitl,
{rod-herb].”
8. Bocconia frutescens L. Sp. Pl. 505. 1753.
Bocconia frutescens cernua Moc. & Sessé; DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 2: 90. 1821.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz. Central America to Peru; West
Indies.
Shrub or tree, 1 to 7.5 meters high, the stems with large white pith, covered
with smooth pale bark; leaves 12 to 40 cm. long or larger, petiolate, usually with
numerous lobes, tomentose or sometimes glaucous beneath; flowers purplish ;
fruit usually glaucous. “ Gordolobo” (Veracruz) ; “cuatlataya” (Ramtrez) ;
“calder6n” (Tamaulipas) ; “ llora-sangre” (Veracruz) ; “ guacamayo,” “ taba-
quillo” (Costa Rica) ; ‘palo amarillo,” “palo amargo” (Cuba); “ palo de pan
* Thesaurus 97. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 801
cimarron,” “pan cimarrén” (Porto Rico) ; ‘“ curarador,” ‘ trompeto,” ‘“ sarno,”
“mata-chande,” “sarcillejo” (Colombia); “sangre de toro” (Guatemala) ;
“sancho amargo” (Argentina, Uruguay) ; “ yagrumo macho” (Santo Domingo).
Probably some of the other names listed for B. arborea are applied also to this
species.
The plant contains an alkaloid, protopine. The yellow or orange juice is very
bitter and acrid and has a disagreeable odor. It is used for treating ulcers, skin
eruptions, chilblains, bronchitis, and chronic ophthalmia, and to remove warts,
and is said to have vermifuge and purgative properties. The leaves, too, are
sometimes heated and applied as a poultice to wounds. In Colombia an infusion
of the roots is valued as a remedy for jaundice and dropsy. In Jamaica, it is
stated, the leaves are rubbed on house floors to keep away insects, and in Co-
lombia the oil extracted from the seeds is used to destroy vermin on the head
and skin.
Robelo gives as vernacular names in Mexico “ cocojegiiite”” (from cococxi-
huitl), “ clacojegiiite’”’ (from tlacoxihwitl), and “ guachichile” or “ guachichil ”
(from cuau-chilli, “ tree-chile’’). He states that the plants were used in pre-
conquest days to adorn the temples.
4. Bocconia latisepala S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 141. 1890.
Nuevo Leon; type from Guajuco.
Plants 1 to 2 meters high, with numerous stems; leaves 14 to 30 ecm. long,
with few broad lobes, pale beneath. ‘‘ Mala mujer.”
This plant is said to be a herbaceous annual, but it is so closely similar to the
other species, all of which are fruticose, that it seems best to include it here.
49. CAPPARIDACEAE. Caper Family.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, stipulate or estipulate, simple and entire or
palmately compound; flowers mostly perfect, often large and showy; sepals 4 to
8, free or connate; petals 4 or rarely none; stamens 6 to many; fruit capsular
or baccate.
Many herbaceous representatives of the family occur in Mexico.
Leaves compound.
Fruit an inflated capsule; leaves glaucous___-__-_-___-_-_- 1. ISOMERIS.
Fruit baccate; leaves green.
eraser fruity LOM S=Sti pita hee os ge ce ao sy 5. CRATAEVA.
Eetaismone’s fruitisessilesa= = a= not ee Le 7. FORCHAMMERTIA.
Leaves simple. Fruit baccate.
THETA AVIIST TH GNA aE SRE Saas ey eer ee een 7. FORCHAMMERIA.
Petals present.
Petals blue; leaves 1 em. long or shorter________ 6. SETCHELLANTHUS.
Petals never blue; leaves much more than 1 em. long.
Sepals connate. Fruit large, with hard pericarp, sessile.
2. MORISONTIA.
Sepals distinct or nearly so.
Stamens numerous; sepals all similar in size__________ 3. CAPPARIS.
Stamens 9 to 12; inner sepals smaller than the outer.
4. ATAMISQUEA.
1. ISOMERIS Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 124. 1838.
1. Isomeris arborea Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 124. 1838.
Baja California and western Sonora. California, the type from San Diego.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, or sometimes herbaceous, ill-scented, the wood
hard and yellow, the young branches glaucous; leaflets 3, oblong, 2 to 3 cm.
302 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
long, obtuse or acutish; flowers racemose, 1.5 ecm. long, yellow; calyx 4-lobed;
stamens 6; fruit acute or attenuate, 4 to 6 cm. long.
The Coahuilla Indians of southern California eat the green pods after cook-
ing them with hot stones in a hole in the ground.
2. MORISONIA L. Sp. Pl. 503. 1753.
1. Morisonia americana L. Sp. Pl. 503. 1753.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca. Lesser Antilles; northern South America.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7 meters high, with sparse stellate or lepi-
date pubescence; leaves long-petiolate, oblong or ovate-oblong, 12 to 25 ecm.
long, obtuse or acute, very thick, lustrous, nearly glabrous; flowers in lateral
corymbs, rather large, white; petals 4; fruit baccate, many-seeded, globose,
3.5 to 6 cm. in diameter, brownish and rough outside. ‘‘ Chicozapote” (Oax-
aca); ‘Arbol del diablo” (Colima, Colombia); ‘“ chico” (Sinaloa); “ cacao
cimarr6n,” ‘“ rabo de mico” (Colombia).
In the West Indies aperitive and antihysteric properties are attributed to the ©
infusion of the flowers, which is used also as a remedy for intestinal parasites;
and the pulp of the fruit is said to be used in reducing inflammation.
3. CAPPARIS L. Sp. Pl. 503. 1753.
REFERENCE: Hichler in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18 *: 267-288. pl. 60-65. 1865.
Shrubs or trees, glabrous or pubescent, the pubescence often stellate or lep-
idote; leaves simple, petiolate, usually thick and leathery; flowers usually
large and white; sepals 4; petals 4; fruit baccate, variable in form.
The fruits of some Australian ‘species are eaten by the natives. Capparis
spinosa L., of the Mediterranean Region, produces the capers (“ alcaparras’’)
of commerce. These are the flower buds and young fruits preserved in vinegar
with some salt. Capers are the basis of an important industry in some parts
of southern Europe. It is stated that in Provence 1,760,000 pounds are har-
vested annually.
Indument none or of simple hairs.
Sepals rounded.
Leaf blades obtuse or rounded at base, usually emarginate at apex. Plants
glabrous; fruit torulose, smooth___-_________________ __1. C. flexuosa.
Leaf blades subcordate or emarginate at base, rounded or acute at apex.
Plants glabrous; leaves mostly 4 to 8.5 cm. wide; fruit smooth; stamens
nottonger> than sthevpetals25a= see aa Dee ae eRe ee 2. C. baducca.
Plants usually more or less pubescent; leaves 1.5 to 4 cm. wide; fruit
verrucose; stamens much longer than the petals____8. C. verrucosa.
Sepals acute.
Petioleges "tore ‘mint Tong =< =~ 00 Se 10 as OE ee a 4. C. oxysepala.
Petioles 13) to 50 tim) Lone A es SE A aS PR 5. C. longipes.
Indument of scales or of branched hairs.
Sepals valvate in bud.
Leaves linear. ruit stipitate._-_-_- a ee eee 6. C. angustifolia.
Leaves elliptic or oblong.
ETwie Stipitare ss es. see SAA ee ere eee as 8U 7. C. cynophallophora.
"Sy cil at hc a a ae ene ERO epee enn EL 8. C. odoratissima.
Sepals open in bud. :
Indument of the leaves chiefly or wholly of stellate hairs.
Leaf blades oblanceolate, densely stellate-pubescent on the upper surface.
9. C. asperifolia.
Leaf blades elliptic or lanceolate, soon glabrous on the upper surface.
10. C. incana.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 303
Indument of the leaves chiefly of scales.
Stipe of the #ruiti2:5/em. Jong. slender 2.201 i et SE 11. C. indica.
Stipe 1.5 em. long or shorter, very stout________________ 12. C. pringlei.
1. Capparis flexuosa L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 722. 1762.
Morisonia flecuosa L. Amoen, Acad. 5: 3898. 1760.
? Capparis brevisiliqua DC. Prodr. 1: 251. 1824.
Tamaulipas to Yucatan, Colima, and Sinaloa. Widely distributed in tropical
America; type from Jamaica.
Shrub or tree, 2.5 to 8 meters high, glabrous; leaves oblong to obovate, 3 to
6.5 cm. long, short-petiolate, rounded or retuse at apex; flowers white or pale
rose, fragrant, the stamens white, very long; fruit siliquiform, 7 to 15 cm. long,
torulose, the seeds imbedded in scarlet pulp. “ Xpayumak” or “ xbayumak ”
(Yucatan, Maya); “pan y agua,” “ guayabo de loro” (Venezuela); ‘“ burro,”
“palo de burro” (Porto Rico) ; ‘‘ mostaza” (Cuba, Santo Domingo).
This species has been known generally as C. cynophallophora L2 The root has
a flavor resembling that of horse-radish. In the West Indies an infusion of it
has been used for dropsy and as an emmenagogue and a decoction of the leaves
for cutaneous diseases. Sedative and antispasmodic properties are attributed
to the fruit, and diuretic and emmenagogue properties to the bark. For an illus-
tration of a fruiting branch see Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 23.
2. Capparis baducca L. Sp. Pl. 504. 1753.
Capparis frondosa Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 25. 1760.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, and northern South
America.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 7.5 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, elliptic or
ovate, 11 to 80 em. long, very thick; flowers greenish white or purplish; fruit 3
to 5 cm. long, purple brown. ‘Tinto,’ “naranjuelo,” “fruta de burro”
(Colombia) ; “palo de burro,” ‘‘sapo” (Porto Rico).; “ ajito” (Venezuela).
The fruit is reputed poisonous. Medical properties similar to those of C.
fleruosa are attributed to the plant.
3. Capparis verrucosa Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 159. pl. 99. 1763.
Capparis palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 301. 1895.
Sinaloa to Chiapas. Central America, West Indies, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves nearly sessile, oblong or
obovate-oblong, 3.5 to 8.5 em. long; flowers large, white, with long stamens;
fruit oblong, 2.5 to 6 cm. long, densely tuberculate. ‘ Limoncillo” (Gue-
rrero) ; “ coquito” (Oaxaca); “ ajito” (Venezuela) ; “palo de burro” (Porto
Rico).
4, Capparis oxysepala ©. Wright; Radlk. Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Acad. Wiss.
Miinchen 14: 172. 1884.
Guerrero and Yucatén. Nicaragua (type locality).
Plants glabrous or nearly so; leaves short-petiolate, oval-oblong to oval-
obovate, 7 to 15 cm. long, acutish to rounded at apex, bright green, lustrous;
flowers large, racemose, long-pedicellate.
5. Capparis longipes Stand.
Capparis discolor Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 182. 1919. Not C.
discolor Donn. Smith, 1897.
Known only from the type locality, banks of the Rio Petatlin, Guerrero.
Tree, 8 to 10 meters high; flowers white, with the odor of orange blossoms.
“ Naranjillo.”
*See Fawcett and Rendle, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 52: 142-144. 1914.
304 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Capparis angustifolia H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 96. pl. 438. 1821.
Type from Cafiada de Zopilote, between Mexico and Acapulco.
Plants lepidote-pubescent; leaves short-petiolate, rounded or subcordate at
base; flowers white.
7. Capparis cynophallophora L. Sp. Pl. 504. 1753.
Capparis jamaicensis Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 23. 1760.
Yucatan. Southern Florida, West Indies, Central America, and Venezuela;
type from Jamaica.
Slender shrub or tree, 1.8 to 15 meters high; leaves petiolate, elliptic, 5.5 to
9 em. long, acute, thick, green and lustrous on the upper surface, scaly beneath;
flowers white, changing to purplish, fragrant, the filaments purplish, the an-
thers yellow; fruit slender, sometimes 30 cm. long or longer. ‘‘ Carbonero”
(Cuba); “burro,” ‘ bejuco inglés,” ‘palo de burro prieto” (Porto Rico) ;
“olivo”’ (Santo Domingo).
Known in the Bahamas as “ wild orange.”
8. Capparis odoratissima Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 1: pl. 110. 1797.
Oaxaca. Central America to Venezuela (type locality).
Shrub or small tree; leaves obovate, petiolate, 5 to 8 cm. long, rounded at the
apex, green above, covered with brown or yellowish scales beneath; flowers
corymbose. “ Naranjillo” (Oaxaca).
9. Capparis asperifolia Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2: 86. 1836.
?Capparis cuneiformis Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 87. 1887.
Capparis langlassei Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 17: 392. 1914.
Michoacan and Guerrero; type from Acapulco.
Tree, 4 to 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, acute, about 9 cm. long,
densely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces; flowers white, racemose.
10. Capparis incana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 94. 1821.
Capparis pauciflora Presl, Reliq. Haenk 2: 86. 1836.
Capparis karwinskiana Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 237. 1836.
? Capparis umbellata Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 87. 1887.
Tamaulipas to Yucatan, Oaxaca, and Guerrero; type collected between Mes-
ecala and Estola.
Shrub or tree, the pubescence of grayish or rusty stellate hairs; leaves pet-
iolate, 4.5 to 8 cm. long, acuminate or attenuate, thin; flowers white; fruit
globose or oblong, 2.5 cm. long or shorter, densely pubescent. “ Vara blanca”
(Tamaulipas).
Perhaps not distinct from C. ferruginea L., of the West Indies.
11. Capparis indica (L.) Fawe. & Rendle, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 52: 144.
1914.
Breynia indica L. Sp. Pl. 508. 17538.
Capparis breynia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1071. 1759.
Capparis amygdalifolia Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 24. 1760.
Capparis amygdalina Lam. Encycl. 1: 608. 1785.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca. Central America, West Indies, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 7.5 meters high; leaves linear to obovate, 5 to 8
em. long, petiolate, acute or obtuse; flowers white; fruit slender, torulose, 6
to 25 em. long. ‘“Colorin” (Michoacin, Guerrero); “mangle de la sierra”
(Sinaloa) ; “escremento” (Nicaragua) ; ‘“ auso,” “ tinto” (Colombia).
Reputed to have medicinal properties similar to those of C. flexuosa.
12. Capparis pringlei Briq..Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 17: 300. 1914.
Oaxaca; type from Tomellin Canyon.
Small tree.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 305
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CAPPARIS FURFURACEA Ruiz & Pav.; DC. Prodr,. 1: 252. 1824. Described from
Mexico.
4. ATAMISQUEA Miers, Trav. Chile 2: 529. 1826.
1. Atamisquea emarginata Miers, Trav. Chile 2: 529, 1826.
Dry plains and hillsides, Baja California and Sonora. Argentina.
Densely branched shrub, 1 to 6 meters high, ill-scented, with brittle branches ;
leaves linear or oblong-linear, 1 to 3.5 em. long, short-petiolate, emarginate at
the apex, green on the upper surface, scaly beneath; flowers small, solitary or
fasciculate, sweet-scented; sepals and petals each 4; fertile stamens 6; fruit
oval or subglobose, about 8 mm. long.
5. CRATAEVA L. Sp. Pl. 444. 1753.
Shrubs or trees; leaves deciduous, very long-petiolate, the leaflets 3; flowers
racemose or corymbose, the stamens long-exserted; petals 4; stamens 8 to 20;
fruit baccate, large, long-stipitate.
(ST EUIS G)GY OY 000 ER ee en Oe oe Re 1. C. tapia.
fmt sepuberulent beneath. 1 a ne 2. C. palmeri.
1. Crataevia tapia L. Sp. Pl. 444. 1753.
Tamaulipas to Sinaloa and southward nearly throughout the lower parts of
Mexico. West Indies, Central America, and South America,
Glabrous tree, usually 6 to 9 meters high, but sometimes as much as 18
meters; bark grayish brown; leaflets ovate, elliptic, or oval, 5.5 to 15 ecm.
long, thin, acute or acuminate, paler beneath; flowers green or purplish; fruit
subglobose, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. in diameter. ‘“ Zapotillo amarillo’ (Colima) ; ‘‘ Tres
Marias” (Yucatén); ‘“xkolocmax” (Yucatén, Maya); “cascarén” (Ta-
basco); ‘palo de guaco” (Panama); ‘‘manzana de playa” (Nicaragua) ;
“zorrocloco” or ‘ sorrocloco” (Colombia); “toco” (Trinidad, Venezuela).
The bark has a disagreeable odor; it is reputed to have tonic, stomachic, anti-
dysenteric, and febrifuge properties. The roots are very acrid, and their juice
applied to the skin~- produces blisters. The leaves are sometimes used as
poultices.
It may be that C. gynandra L. (if that species is distinct from C. tapia) also
occurs in Mexico, but the specimens seen afford no convincing evidence to that
effect.
2. Crataeva palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 301. 1895.
Sinaloa and Durango to Guerrero; type from Armeria, Colima.
Shrub or small tree, with purplish flowers, the stamens long-exserted ; fruit
3.5 to 5 em. long.
Very similar to C. tapia except for the presence of pubescence.
6. SETCHELLANTHUS T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 378. 1909.
1. Setchellanthus caeruleus T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 878. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, Coscomate, Oaxaca.
Shrub ; leaves ovate to suborbicular, 1 cm. long or shorter, subsessile, obtuse,
silvery-strigose ; flowers solitary, blue, about 2 cm, long; stamens shorter than
the sepals.
7. FORCHAMMERIA Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 93. 1854.
Trees, glabrous or pubescent; leaves simple or compound, petiolate; flowers
small, racemose or paniculate; stamens numerous.
UVES MET TOMO eis 5 seen Sn ee ee es EET nae See 1. F. trifoliata.
3806 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves simple.
Leaves glabrous, lanceolate, ovate, or oblanceolate to oblong.
LEAVES OD bse se = alse pit, a ee Oe ee eee ee 2. F. pallida,
heaves aculeion aciming less 2. 22s se eee 5. F. lanceolata,
Leaves hirtellous, especially beneath, linear.
Leaf blades emarginate at base; fruiting pedicels 3 to 5 mm. long; fruit
T. tou Diem. promddos fms: dieriti poni 5% aohsatitel Je 3. F. watsoni.
Leaf blades usually attenuate at base; fruiting pedicels 10 to 15 mm. long;
frMita2 oH 5mm hroad cel wes He ek Tes oe repr has eee 4, F. macrocarpa.
1. Forchammeria trifoliata Radlk. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 399. 1898.
Yucatan.
Tree, 6 to 9 meters high; leaves long-petiolate; leaflets obovate-oblong, 7 to
13 em. long, thick, glabrous; flowers in rather large panicles. “Tres Marias.”
2. Forchammeria pallida Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 94.
1854.
Forchammeria apiocarpa Radlk. Meth. Bot. Syst. 54. 1883.
Colima to Oaxaca; type collected between Tehuantepec and Mazatlan.
Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high, the trunk 12 to 20 cm. in diameter ; leaves narrowly
oblong or oblanceolate, 6 to 11 cm. long, usually rounded at apex; flowers green,
in short or long racemes; fruit subglobose, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, somewhat glaucous,
3. Forchammeria watsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 302. 1895.
Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Guayamas, Sonora.
Shrub or tree, 8 to 7.5 meters high, often with a broad spreading crown;
leaves 6 to 12 em. long, very thick, with conspicuous venation, the margins
revolute; flowers racemose; fruit globose-obovoid. ‘‘Palo San Juan” (Baja
California).
4, Forchammeria macrocarpa Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 183. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Leaves 9 to 17 em. long, acute or acutish.
5. Forchammeria lanceolata Standl. Contr. U. §. Nat. Herb. 20: 183. 1919.
Known only from the type collection, from somewhere in Mexico.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves mostly lanceolate, 6 to 8 em. long, 1.5 to
8 em. wide, obtuse at base; fruit about 12 mm. long.
50. MORINGACEAE. Horseradish Tree Family.
1. MORINGA Juss. Gen. Pl. 348. 1789.
1. Moringa oleifera Lam. Encycl. 1: 398. 1783.
Guilandina moringa L. Sp. Pl. 381. 1753.
Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 2: 314. 1791.
Moringa moringa Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 490. 1902.
Common in cultivation in Mexico and often growing without cultivation.
Native of Africa and the East Indies; widely cultivated and naturalized in tropi-
cal America.
Tree, 3 to 6 meters high or larger, with whitish bark, the roots thick, soft;
leaves alternate, twice or thrice pinnate; flowers paniculate, sweet-scented, the
5 petals white or yellowish white, tinged with crimson outside near the base;
perfect stamens 5; fruit a long 3-angled capsule; seeds winged. “ Paraiso
blanco” (Yucatén) ; “paraiso de Espafia” (Campeche) ; “perlas del Oriente ”
(Guerrero, Oaxaca); “Arbol de las perlas,’”’ ‘“chinto borrego” (Oaxaca) ;
“acacia” (Tamaulipas); “paraiso francés,’ “palo jeringa” (Cuba); “ ma-
rango”’ (El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica); “angela” (Porto Rico) ; “na-
rango,” “ marenque,” ‘“ paraiso extranjero,” “ teberinto” (El Salvador).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 307
The usual English name is “ horseradish tree.” The roots have the odor and
flavor of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana Gaertn. Mey. & Schreb.), for which
they are sometimes substituted; a decoction of them is used in Nicaragua for
dropsy, and their juice is applied as a rubefacient or counter-irritant. The
wood is said to yield a blue dye. The leaves and young branches are relished by
stock and are sometimes cut for fodder. In India the young leaves, pods, and
_ flowers are cooked and eaten. The leaves are sometimes applied as a poultice
_ to sores, and they are said to have purgative properties. The seeds yield the
|
“ben ” oil of commerce, which is used for lubricating watches and other delicate
machinery. The oil is odorless and never becomes rancid, consequently it is
useful in the manufacture of perfumes. It is very acrid and has purgative prop-
erties, but its use is somewhat dangerous if taken internally. It is sometimes
applied externally for cutaneous diseases.
51. CRASSULACEAE. Orpine Family.
REFERENCE: Britton & Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 7-74. 1905.
The species listed below are scarcely to be regarded as true shrubs, and other
_ Mexican species probably have equal claims to a place here. Many herbaceous
representatives of the family occur in Mexico.
1. SEDUM L. Sp. PI. 430. 1753.
Very succulent erect plants; leaves alternate, entire; flowers small, perfect;
calyx 4 or 5-lobed; petals 4 or 5; stamens 8 or 10; fruit of 4 or 5 follicles.
mE SRR NUS OMe ree eee” NTRS ASR! TS ee a a ae 1. S. bourgaei.
Leaves flat, at least on the upper side.
Petals yellow or purplish red.
eralsspurplish*reds ois: {55 fey th a besetee) tee ares pet 2. S. oxypetalum.
Reralsiyellow= G) 8200. 2 athelete oS ce Beape ans repo fy es | 3. S. dendroideum.
Petals white.
TOPE SSEN IIa Ske ie es ak ede eg Ae a Ri. ED coped og rd tere cn aah hy ee 4. S. frutescens.
Leaves oblong to spatulate.
Leaves very turgid, narrowly oblong______-________ 5. S. lenophylloides.
Leaves flat, obovate or spatulate.
Mowers pedicellate __S7 say Ewa Gite Hin _______6. §. tortuosum.
Flowers sessile____-_--- -§ IO NOI Bo et ey 7. S. retusum.
1. Sedum bourgaei Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 11. 1878.
Mexico to Michoacin; type from San Nicolas, Valley of Mexico.
Low shrub, much branched; leaves 1 to 2 em. long; flowers white or pink,
cymose.
2. Sedum oxypetalum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 45. 1823.
Mountains and lava beds of the State of Mexico.
Shrub, often a meter high, with very thick stems, the bark exfoliating in
thin yellowish sheets; leaves spatulate, 1 to 1.5 em. long, rounded at apex;
flowers in leafy cymes.
3. Sedum dendroideum Moc. & Sessé; DC. Mém. Crass. 37. pl. 9. 1828.
Hidalgo, Veracruz, Mexico, and Puebla, on cliffs.
Branched shrub, a meter high or less, often forming dense masses; leaves
2 to 4cm. long. “ Siempreviva,” “ texiote,” “ texiotl”’ (Mexico).
The juice is astringent and is used for hardening the gums, and for hemor-
rhoids, chilblains, dysentery, etc. Applied to the forehead, it is believed to stop
nosebleed.
4. Sedum frutescens Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 298. 1911.
Morelos.
Low shrub; leaves 2 to 6 cm. long, acute, bright green.
808 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Sedum lenophylloides Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 298. 1911.
Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leén; type from Monterrey.
Low shrub, about 30 cm. high; leaves 1 to 1.5 cm. long, pale, often purplish,
6. Sedum tortuosum Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 10. 1878.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known.
Low glabrous shrub with thick branches; leaves 2.5 cm. long.
7. Sedum retusum Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 51. 1880.
San Luis Potosi.
Low glabrous shrub; leaves sessile, 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
52. HYDRANGEACEAE. Hydrangea Family.
REFERENCE: Small & Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 159-178. 1905.
Trees or shrubs, rarely scandent; leaves opposite, estipulate, entire or
dentate; flowers perfect, often large and showy; sepals and petals 4 or 5 each;
stamens 8 to many; fruit a capsule.
Capsule ovoid, the beaks arising gradually from the body.
Filaments not appendaged ; sepals and petals each 5; stamens 10.
4, FENDLERELLA.,
Filaments appendaged under the anthers; sepals and petals each 4; sta-
EELS) ANSE te ete eer en ine Saleh pT en ie Pocier Del De vee ot DES EE ae R 5. FENDLERA.
Capsule urceolate or obovoid, the beak or beaks rising abruptly from the body.
Petals valvate, very small; stamens 8; inflorescence involucrate. :
1. HYDRANGEA.
Petals convolute or imbricate, large; stamens 12 to 60; inflorescence not in-
VOMUICH AO sit ed ya ee ee Sh ees pepe ree ae 2. DEUTZIA.
Capsule subglobose; petals imbricate.
Capsule obovoid or obconic; petals convolute______-- 38. PHILADELPHYUS. ~
1. HYDRANGEA L. Sp. Pl. 397. 1753.
1. Hydrangea oerstedii Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 20: 407. 1919. ,
Cornidia radiata Oerst. Nat. For. Kj6benhayn Vid. Medd. 1856: 42.1856. Not
Hydrangea radiata Walt. 1788.
Reported from Veracruz and the Sierra Madre. Costa Rica and Panama.
Seandent shrub; leaves oblong or oblong-elliptic, about 12 cm. long and 6
em. wide, leathery, petiolate, obtuse, entire or nearly so, almost glabrous; 4
flowers small, pink, cymose, the inflorescence covered with large rounded bracts
before expansion; petals 2.5 mm. long.
The identification of the Mexican specimens is doubtful, but they probably
belong here. They have been reported as Hydrangea peruviana Moric. and as
Cornidia peruviana (L.) Small.
Hydrangea opuloides Koch. (H. hortensia DC.), the common cultivated hy-
drangea, native of China and Japan, is grown in Mexico under the name “ bor-
tensia.”
2. DEUTZIA Thunb. Nov. Gen. 1: 19. 1781.
Shrubs, the pubescence of stellate hairs; leaves deciduous, shallowly dentate,
petiolate; flowers small, white, cymose.
Most of the species of the genus are natives of eastern Asia, and some are
cultivated for their showy flowers. The Mexican species have been placed in
a separate genus, Neodeutzia, by Small, but they differ in no important respect
from the Old World forms.
Petals’'5.t606 mmislong- Ws 23 ees i eS ee 1. D. mexicana.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 809
Petals 3 to 4 mm. long.
Tomentum of the lower surface of the leaves of similar, very closely
AO PTOSSCUSALES: et UR BET BARES OO a ee 2. D. pringlei.
Tomentum of unequal, loose, and spreading hairs________ 3. D. occidentalis.
1. Deutzia mexicana Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 9. 1878.
Neodeutzia mexicana Small, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 162. 1905.
Veracruz; type from Orizaba.
Shrub, 2 to 5 meters high; leaves ovate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, white-pubescent
beneath.
2. Deutzia pringlei C. Schneid. Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 1904: 186. 1904.
Neodeutzia ovalis Small, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 162. 1905.
Neodeutzia pringlei Small & Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 555. 1918.
Known only from the type locality, San José Pass, San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, 3 meters high; leaves oval or oblong, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, rounded at
apex, green on the upper surface, white beneath.
8. Deutzia occidentalis Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31: 134. 1918.
Neodeutzia occidentalis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 555. 1918.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Barranca del Oro, Puebla.
Shrub, sometimes 4.5 meters high; leaves ovate-orbicular or ovate, 2.8 to 4.5
cm, long. :
3. PHILADELPHUS L. Sp. Pl. 470. 17538.
Shrubs; leaves deciduous or somewhat persistent, entire or shallowly serrate;
flowers white, large and showy.
Patoni gives the local name of one of the Durango species as “ mirto.”
Many of the species which are natives of Asia and the United States are culti-
vated for their showy, often fragrant flowers. The native species, and perhaps
soime of the foreign ones, are grown in Mexican gardens. The usual English
names for the plants are “ syringa’’* and “ mock orange,” the latter name prob-
ably given because of the sweet odor of the flowers in some species. Phila-
delphus coronarius L., an Old World species, has been reported from Mexican
gardens, and may very. likely be cultivated there. The name was applied by
Sessé and Mocifio? to a native species.
Remisvacnte: Stamens anol Lou.) ae Sev ae fe 1. P. mearnsii.
Petals rounded or retuse at apex; stamens 25 to 60.
Styles and free portion of the ovary glabrous.
Leaves pilose on the upper surface with spreading hairs.
Style evident; bark of older stems yellowish_____________ 2. P. pumilus.
Style nearly obsolete; bark of older stems dark gray.
3. P. serpyllifolius.
Leaves strigose on both surfaces.
Bark of the previous year’s branches not exfoliating.
4. P. asperifolius.
Bark of the previous year’s branches exfoliating_______ 5. P. madrensis.
Styles or free part of the ovary or both more or less hairy.
Inflorescence 1 to 3-flowered; petals more or less hairy.
Calyx strigose; petals without a reddish spot at base__6. P. mexicanus.
Calyx densely white-sericeous; petals sometimes with a reddish spot
LE DAS tat Tee ste Cue EEL POLES SOE hE 7. P. coulteri.
* This name is also the Latin generic name of the lilac, Syringa vulgaris L., of
the family Oleaceae.
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 82. 1887.
310 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Inflorescence 5 to 13-flowered; petals glabrous or pubescent below along
the costa.
Branchlets grayish-strigose; leaves more or less strigose on both sides.
8. P. karwinskyanus,
Branchlets and leaves glabrous, or the leaves hairy along the veins.
9.2... .affinss
1. Philadelphus mearnsii W. H. Evans; Small & Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 174.
1905.
Known only from the type locality, on the boundary between Chihuahua and
New Mexico. :
Low shrub with exfoliating bark; leaves oblong, 1 cm. long or shorter, en-
tire, acutish, strigose; petals 1 cm. long.
2. Philadelphus pumilus Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 178. 1905.
Baja California. California; type from San Jacinto Mountains.
Shrub, 1.2 to 1.8 meters high; leaves oblong or elliptic, 6 to 10 mm. long,
obtuse, white-sericeous beneath.
The species has been reported from Baja California as P. serpyllifolius A.
Gray.
8. Philadelphus serpyllifolius A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 77. 1852. :
Northern Chihuahua and Sonora. Western Texas (type locality) and
southern New Mexico.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, with spreading branches; leaves oblong or oval,
1 cm. long or shorter, entire.
4. Philadelphus asperifolius Koern.; Regel, Gartenflora 16: 73. 1867.
Known only from the type locality, Hacienda Santiaguillo.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves oval or oval-ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse
or acutish.
5. Philadelphus madrensis Hemsl. Kew Bull. Mise. Inf. 1908: 251. 1908.
Philadelphus palmeri Rydb. N. Amer. Fl]. 22: 173. 1905.
Philadelphus purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Uniy. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 270. 1918.
In the mountains, Durango to Nuevo Leén and San Luis Potosi; type from
the Sierra Madre of Durango.
Erect shrub with slender gray or brown branches; leaves lanceolate to oval-
ovate, 1 to 8 cm. long, acute or obtuse.
6. Philadelphus mexicanus Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 418. 1839.
Veracruz to Morelos and Oaxaca; sometimes cultivated; type from Jalapa,
Veracruz, :
Shrub, sometimes scandent to a height of 6 meters; leaves lanceolate to
broadly ovate, 3 to 7 cm. long, short-petiolate, acuminate, remotely denticulate;
flowers showy, fragrant, cream-colored, 3 to 4 em. broad. “ Jazmin,” “ acui-
lotl” (Oaxaca); ‘‘jazmin del monte,” ‘“ jeringuilla’”’ (Valley of Mexico, Cer-
vantes) ; “mosqueta.”
This species has been introduced into cultivation in Europe. It or one of the
related species is figured and described by Hernandez? in a chapter entitled “ De
Acuilotl, seu Volubili Aquatica.” His account is as follows: ‘‘Acuilotl, or
water-vine, is so called by the Mexicans not without reason, for it grows in moist
places, and spreads over the ground or climbs over near-by trees. There are two
sorts, differing only in color of flowers, name, and size of leaves. The first has —
pure white flowers and slightly smaller leaves, and is called Acwilotl; in the
second the flowers are pale and the leaves larger, and it is called Cozticacuilotl,
7 Thesaurus 107. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. Sti
because of the yellow color of the flowers. The stems of both are round,
purplish, woody, brittle, and slender, with soft pith. In form and odor the
flowers are not unlike the musk rose, a plant not wholly different from this one.
The leaves are like those of the bramble, but less toothed, with nerves running
lengthwise, and with almost the odor of cucumber. The flowering branches are
employed for their perfume by the Indians, and for the garlands which they use
so much; and a scented water of pleasant odor is distilled from them. The
plant grows in temperate or rather cold places. The leaves are bitter and dry
and hot in almost the third order, wherefore, if taken in wine in the quantity
of a handful, they relieve colic, and if crushed and applied as a plaster, they ease
strained members, and dissolve tumors beyond belief.” Hernindez also gives an
illustration,’ without description, of the “ cozticacuilotl xochitl.”
7. Philadelphus coulteri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 22: 472. 1887.
Nuevo Leén to Hidalgo; type from Zimapan, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves lanceolate or ov ate, 3 to 5 em. long, acute or
acuminate, green above, white beneath, denticulate; flowers very fragrant, w hite,
about 4.5 cm. broad, with a red or purple spot at the base of each petal.
8. Philadelphus karwinskyanus Koehne, Gartenflora 1896: 486. 1896.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Totolapa, Oaxaca.
Tall shrub; leaves ovate, 2 to 6 cm. long, acute or acuminate, denticulate or
entire; petals about 1 cm. long.
9. Philadelphus affinis Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 419, 1839.
Hidalgo, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda del Carmen.
Shrub, sometimes 4 meters high; leaves lance-ovate to rounded-ovate, 3.5 to
7 cm. long, acuminate, green on both sides, remotely denticulate; flowers large
and showy.
4. FENDLERELLA Heller, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 626. 1898.
Low, densely branched shrubs with exfoliating bark; leaves small, 3-nerved,
entire, deciduous; flowers small, white, in small dense cymes.
Leaves green beneath; thinly strigose, not at all tomentose_____1. F. utahensis.
Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath.
Petals copiously pilose outside_2 2: 402 222202 2. F..lasiopetala.
PEPIN ED Seer. tk Ot Te. phlei ik ee 3. F. mexicana,
1. Fendlerella utahensis (S. Wats.) Heller, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 626. 1898.
Whipplea utahensis S. Wats. Amer. Nat. 7: 300. 1873.
Fendlerella cymosa Greene; Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 129.
1913.
Mountains of Chihuahua and Coahuila. Nevada to New Mexico; type from
Utah.
Densely branched shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves linear-oblong to elliptic,
0.5 to 2.5 cm. long, acute or obtuse.
2. Fendlerella lasiopetala Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 67. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, San Lorenzo Canyon, southeast of Saltillo,
Coahuila.
Leaves elliptic or oval-elliptic, 1.5 em. long or shorter, acute or acutish.
3. Fendlerella mexicana T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 246. 1908.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Paxtle, Puebla.
Leaves elliptic or ovate, about 1 em. long, with revolute margins.
ee RR EG Oa ie a ae ae
* Thesaurus 374. 1651. ;
55268—22——_10
312 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
5. FENDLERA®* Engelm. & Gray; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 77. 1852.
REFERENCE: Rehder, Journ. Arn. Arb. 1: 203—206. 1920.
Erect shrubs with striate branches; leaves small, deciduous, entire, 3-nerved, |
sessile or nearly so; flowers large, white, solitary or clustered.
Leaves linear, strongly revolute, glabrous or nearly so on the upper surfice.
1. F. linearis,
Leaves narrowly lanceolate to ovate-oblong.
Leaves sparsely strigose or nearly glabrous beneath, glabrous above, not reyo-
TYPE tages pea ge Ao ecg aha See ng Rt 5 emake Mathias le ete 2. F. rupicola,
Leaves tomentose and strigose beneath, scabrous above, revolute.
3. F. wrightii.
1. Fendlera linearis Rehder, Journ. Arn. Arb. 1: 205. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, in the Sierra Madre near Monterrey,
Nuevo Leén.
Leaves 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, strigose beneath; petals 7 to 8
mm. long; capsule about 8 mm. long.
2. Fendlera rupicola A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 77. 1852.
Sonora. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type from New Braunfels,
Texas.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves oblong or elliptic, 1 to 4 em. long; petals 1.5
to 2 em. long.
3. Fendlera wrightii (A. Gray) Heller, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 537. 1897.
Fendlera rupicola wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 77. 1852.
Chihuahua. Western Texas to Colorado and Arizona; type from San Pedro
River, Texas.
Shrub, very similar to the preceding species; leaves 1 to 2 em. long; petals
usually only 1.2 to 1.5 em. long.
53. PTEROSTEMONACEAE. Pterostemon Family.
1. PTEROSTEMON Schauer, Linnaea 20: 736. 1847.
Pubescent shrubs; leaves alternate, petiolate, dentate, the stipules minute
or obsolete; flowers perfect, showy, white, cymose; fruit a capsule.
Calyx densely pilose with long stiff white hairs; leaf blades somewhat nar-
rowed to the obtuse or broadly cuneate base____________ 1. P. mexicanus.
Calyx puberulent or minttely pilose; leaf blades rounded or broadly rounded
at base 22 ee aa Pe eee ee ee 2. P. rotundifolius.
1. Pterostemon mexicanus Schauer, Linnaea 20: 726. 1847.
Hidalgo; type from Zimapdén.
Shrub with dark branches; leaves obovate-orbicular, 2 to 3 em. long, densely
pilose beneath; flowers about 1 cm. long.
2. Pterostemon rotundifolius Ramirez, Estudio 4: 453. pl. 18. 1893. i
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from between Jaltepetongo and Guandulain, —
Oaxaca. 7
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves suborbicular, 2 to 3 cm. long, soon glab-
rate beneath.
q
* August Fendler (1813-1883), a native of Prussia, came to the United States
in 1834. Later he visited Prussia, but soon returned to North America and set-
tled in St. Louis, where he made the acquaintance of'Engelmann, In 1847 he
followed the Santa Fe Trail to New Mexico, where he made a large collection of
plants, upon which a report was published by Gray. Later he botanized in
Panama and Venezuela, where he obtained important collections, and finally
settled in Trinidad, where he died.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 313
54, ESCALLONIACEAE. Escallonia Family.
1. PHYLLONOMA Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 6: 210. 1820.
REFERENCE: Rusby, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 191. 1905.
1. Phyllonoma laticuspis (Turez.) Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3 **:
87. 1890.
Dulongia laticuspis Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31 t: 454, 1858.
Durango to Chiapas; type from Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree with slender branches, glabrous; leaves alternate, estip-
ulate, petiolate, lanceolate, 4 to 8 cm. long, long-acuminate, serrate ; flowers
very small, in small cymes borne upon the upper surface of the leaf; fruit
small, baccate. ‘ Hierba de la viruela” (Oaxaca).
The plant has a high reputation as a remedy for smallpox. This species has
been reported from Mexico as P. ruscifolia.
55. GROSSULARIACEAE. Gooseberry Family.
REFERENCE: Coville & Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 193-225. 1908.
Usually erect shrubs, spiny or unarmed; leaves alternate, petiolate, decidu-
ous or persistent, lobed or toothed; flowers small, racemose, perfect; sepals
and petals each 5; stamens 5, opposite the sepals; fruit a globose 1-celled berry,
several or many-seeded.
The fruit of all the Mexican species is edible, but it varies greatly in
quality.
Plants without spines; pedicels jointed below the ovary____-------~-- 1. RIBES.
Plants with spines; pedicels not jointed_________________- 2. GROSSULARIA.
1. RIBES L. Sp. Pl. 201. 1753.
Unarmed (in the Mexican species) shrubs; leaves palmately veined, usually
lobed, commonly deciduous; racemes few to many-flowered ; pedicel often bear-
ing a pair of bractlets below the joint; fruit never spiny.
The best-known plant of the genus is Ribes vulgare Lam., the garden currant,
which is cultivated- for its sour red fruit. It is a native of Europe. The
native American currants all have edible fruit which, however, is usually of
sweetish and insipid flavor. The plants seem to be little used in medicine.
A decoction of the roots of R. americanum Mill. is said to be employed by the
Omaha and Winnebago Indians for renal and uterine affections.
Ovary with sessile glands; leaves not lobed, evergreen.___1. R. viburnifolium.
Ovary without glands or with stipitate glands; leaves lobed, deciduous.
Anthers without a cup-shaped apical gland.
Calyx tube glabrous, yellow, 3 or more times as long as thick.
nlowers’ Sessile jor nearly S022. 2 = st ee 10. R. chihuahuense.
Bilowers pedicellatec2] 300. 2. ek er eee ya a 11. R. fontinale.
Calyx tube pubescent, not yellow, or if so less than twice as long as thick.
Axis of the raceme straight and stiff, 1 em. long or shorter; leaves with-
OUtyelOMGS “iret es a0 seer Chae TS 12. R. tortuosum.
Axis of the raceme flexuous, elongate; leaves usually with glands.
Leaves with sessile scattered amber-colored waxlike glands on both
STEPH COG ete: acre eee 2 OER Bet, ad as SIP Seah eeeeemaeeen Paar 13. R. nelsoni.
Leaves with stipitate glands.
Ov anys 1M EOUS ee ee nets eee ee 14. R. brandegei.
Ovary with gland-tipped hairs.
Flowers pink or purple, 8 to 10 mm. long; pedicels 2 to 5 mm. long.
15. R. malvaceum.
=
se
314 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Flowers usually white or greenish white, 5 to 7 mm. long; pedicels
140,.2,mm, lon Se 8 ph ee eee eee 16. R. indecorum,
Anthers with a conspicuous cup-shaped apical gland.
Ovary with at least a few gland-tipped hairs, or the calyx more than 1 em.
long.
Leaves with sessile glands on both surfaces but without gland-tipped
hairs’; calyx'and petals’ deep red2}> 20 Soi ee 2. R. ceriferum,
Leaves with gland-tipped hairs on both surfaces; flowers white or green-
ish white, sometimes partly purplish.
Sepals longer than the calyx tube, both together less than 7 mm. long.
3. R. neglectum.
Sepals shorter than the tube, both together 10 to 13 mm. long. :
4. R. pringlei.
Ovary glabrous; calyx less than 1 em. long.
Bracts obovate, dentate at the broad apex________________ 5. R. dugesii.
Bracts mostly linear-oblong to lanceolate, usually acute and entire.
Lobes of the calyx longer than the tube.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface, the margin with gland-tipped
hairs ___ piers. otteeyieeE - Tuas ost ar dda! Gy Re sorizaloges
Leaves sparsely pubescent on the upper surface, the margin without
gland-tipped hairs ____ We Peas 7. R. affine.
Lobes of the calyx equaling or shorter than the tube.
Leaves rounded, truncate, or cordate at base, the sinus shallow and
open; glands of the leaves usually sessile; calyx 5 to 6 mm.
Vang 2S eS eee ee ee 8 BR. rugosum.
Leaves deeply cordate at base, the sinus usually closed, both surfaces,
as well as the petioles, with stout gland-tipped hairs; calyx 8
to 10smny longs! { athirils (eater menial sath 9. R. ciliatum.
1. Ribes viburnifolium A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 202. 1882.
Baja California; type from Todos Santos Bay. Southern California.
Shrub with straggling branches; leaves mostly oval or rounded-oval, 2 to 7
em. long, bright green and lustrous on the upper surface, glabrous or nearly so; _
sepals pink, the petals greenish; racemes few-flowered, equaling or shorter than
the leaves; fruit about 6 mm. in diameter.
2. Ribes ceriferum Coville & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 298. 1905.
Chihuahua and Durango; type from Mount Mohinora, Chihuahua.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaves suborbicular, 2 to 5 em. wide, 3-lobed, glab- j
rous above or nearly so, puberulent beneath; flowers reddish; racemes 3 to 10-
flowered, equaling or shorter than the leaves; pedicels 6 to 10 mm. long; fruit
black, glabrous. ‘ Capulincillo” (Durango).
3. Ribes neglectum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 298. 1905.
San Luis Potosi; type from Alvarez.
Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less; leaves 2 to 4 em. wide, 3 or 5-lobed, glandular- —
pubescent; racemes 6 to 12-flowered, about as long as the leaves; pedicels 2 to —
6 mm. long; fruit black, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter.
4. Ribes pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 298. 1905.
State of Mexico and San Luis Potosi; type from Sierra de Ajusco.
Shrub, 1.8 to 3 meters high; leaves 3 to 7 em. wide, 3 or 5-lobed, glandular-
pubescent; flowers about 1.2 em. long, pinkish; racemes drooping, 8 to 12-flow-
ered, longer than the leaves; pedicels 6 to 8 mm. long; ovary glandular-pubescent. —
5. Ribes dugesii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 78. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, mountains of Santa Rosa, near Guana-
juato.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 815
Leaves ovate-orbicular, 2 to 5 cm. wide, 3 or 5-lobed, sparsely glandular on
both sides; sepals purplish, the petals white; fruit bluish black.
6. Ribes orizabae Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 339. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, Orizaba, Veracruz.
Leaves broadly ovate or suborbicular, 3 or 5-lobed, glabrous above, glandular-
pubescent beneath; racemes 8 to 12-flowered; pedicels 5 to 8 mm. long; ovary
glabrous.
7. Ribes affine H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 60. 1823.
Ribes multiflorum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 60. 1828. Not R. multifiorum
Willd. 1813.
Ribes kunthii Berland. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 37: 60, 1826.
Ribes mexicanum Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4: Cur. Post. 100. 1827.
Ribes altamirani Jancz. Bull. Acad. Cracovie 1906: 10. 1906.
Hidalgo and Querétaro; type from Moran, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves 4.5 cm. wide or smaller, broadly ovate
or orbicular, 3 or 5-lobed, pubescent; racemes pendulous, 6 to 12-flowered,
shorter than the leaves; pedicels 5 to 8 mm. long; fruit bluish black, glabrous,
8 mm. in diameter.
8. Ribes rugosum Coville & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 300. 1905.
Ribes grande Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 339. 1905.
Mexico and Puebla; type from Santa Fé, Valley of Mexico.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3.5 meters high; leaves 3 to 5 cm. wide, suborbicular, 3 or
'5-lobed, glabrous above, pubescent beneath; flowers greenish or pinkish;
racemes drooping, 7 to 12-flowered; pedicels 3 to 6 mm. long; fruit bluish
black, glabrous. ‘“ Capulincillo,’” ‘“ ciruelillo”’ (Mexico, Reiche).
9. Ribes ciliatum Humb. & Bonpl.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 500. 1819.
Ribes jorullense H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 61. 1828.
High mountains, Colima to Oaxaca, and Veracruz.
Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high; leaves 3 to 9 cm. wide, suborbicular, 3 or 5-lobed,
glabrous above, pubescent beneath; flowers greenish white, fragrant; racemes
drooping, about 10-flowered; fruit glabrous, 8 mm. in diameter. ‘ Capulin-
cillo” (Valley of Mexico); “ciruelillo” (Mexico, Hidalgo); ‘“saracuacho ”
(Mexico).
Roots reputed to have emetic properties.
10. Ribes chihuahuense Britton, Torreya 7: 102. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, near the city of Chihuahua.
Leaves 2 to 2.5 cm. long, ovate or suborbicular, glabrous, the lobes few-toothed ;
racemes 3 to 5-flowered, slightly longer than the leaves, the flowers sessile or
nearly so.
11. Ribes fontinale Britton; Coville & Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 205. 1908.
Known only from the type locality, Samalayuca, Chihuahua.
Leaves 3 cm. wide or smaller, usually 3-lobed, the lobes entire or few-toothed ;
racemes 4 to 7-flowered, 3 to 4 cm. long.
12. Ribes tortuosum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 17. 1844.
Ribes palmeri Vasey & Rose, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 11: 529. 1889.
Baja California; type from San Quentin.
Shrub, 1.2 meters high or less, with short stiff branches; leaves 1.5 to 3 em.
wide, very shallowly 5-lobed, finely puberulent on both sides; fruit red, 6 to
8 mm. in diameter, glabrous.
13. Ribes nelsoni Coville & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 297. 1905.
Chihuahua; type from Colonia Garcia.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves 6 cm. wide or smaller, with 3 or 5 acute
lobes, serrate-dentate; flowers pale yellow; racemes drooping, 6 to 10-flowered.
316 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
14. Ribes brandegei Hastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 2: 242. 1902.
Mountain slopes, Baja California; type from Sierra de Laguna.
Erect shrub, 2.5 meters high; leaves 3 to 5 cm. wide, 3-lobed, sparsely
glandular-pubescent on both sides; sepals rose-purple, the petals white; racemes
8 to 10-flowered; fruit glabrous.
15. Ribes malvaceum Smith in Rees, Cycl. 30: Ribes no. 13. 1815.
Northern Baja California. California.
Erect shrub; leaves shallowly 3 or 5-lobed, 2.5 to 5 ecm. wide, tomentose and
glandular-pubescent beneath; flowers pink or purple, the racemes longer than
the leaves; fruit viscid-pubescent, 1 cm. or less in diameter.
16. Ribes indecorum Eastw. Proc. Calif. Acad. III. 2: 248. 1902.
Mountains of Baja California, at an altitude of 840 to 900 meters. Southern
California, the type collected near San Diego.
Shrub, 1.8 to 2.5 meters high, the young shoots glandular-pubescent; leaves
reniform-orbicular, obtusely 8 or 5-lobed, 2 to 5 cm. wide, stipitate-glandular on
the upper surface; ovary with simple and gland-tipped hairs; fruit about 7 mm.
in diameter.
2. GROSSULARIA Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 7. 1759.
Spiny erect shrubs; leaves deciduous, palmately veined ; racemes few-flowered ;
bractlets, if present, minute, at the base of the pedicel; ovary sometimes spiny.
The cultivated gooseberry is Grossularia reclinata (L.) Mill., a native of
northern Europe. The native American species have edible fruit, which is
extremely sour until maturity, when it becomes sweet.
Lobes of the calyx twice as long as the tube or longer; petals red throughout.
1. G. madrensis.
Lobes of the calyx less than twice as long as the tube; petals yellow or green-
ish, sometimes with purple margins.
Calyx. 10, ito. 12) mim, long: So nist ne See! ey eo 2. G. microphyla.
Calyx 5 toiG mms lone se: Ae ee ee BOT OL a ee 3. G. quercetorum.
1. Grossularia madrensis Coville & Rose; Coville & Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 22:
217. 1908.
Ribes madrense Coville & Rose, Smiths. Mise. Col. 50: 82. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, Quebrada Honda, Durango.
Erect shrub with slender spines; leaves 3 em. wide or less, 3 or 5-lobed,
glandular-pubescent ; peduncles 1 or 2-flowered ; petals dark red; fruit glabrous.
2. Grossularia microphylla (H. B. K.) Coville & Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 219.
1908.
Ribes microphyllum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 62. 1828.
Veracruz to Michoacin; type from El Guarda.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves 2.5 em. wide or smaller, 3 or 5-lobed, some-
what pubescent; flowers reddish yellow; fruit glabrous, 8 mm. in diameter.
3. Grossularia quercetorum (Greene) Coville & Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 220.
1908.
Ribes quercetorum Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 83. 1885.
Baja California. California; type from El Paso de Robles.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves 1 to 2 em. wide, deeply lobed; fruit glab-
rous, 8 mm. in diameter.
56. CUNONIACEAE. Cunonia Family.
1. WEINMANNIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1005. 1759.
REFERENCE: Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 179-180. 1905.
Weinmannia fagaroides H. B. K., of Ecuador, is said to furnish wood of good
quality. Its bark is rieh in tannin and is used for tanning leather. The species _
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 317
of Madagascar are large trees with durable wood. Their bark contains much
tannin and yields a black dye.
1. Weinmannia pinnata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1005. 1759.
Weinmannia glabra L. f. Suppl. Pl. 228. 1781.
Weinmannia intermedia Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 555. 1830.
Mountains of Hidalgo, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. West Indies, Central America,
and South America; type from Jamaica.
Shrub or small tree, copiously pubescent; leaves opposite, stipulate, pinnate,
the rachis winged, the leaflets 9 to 25, oval or oblong, 1 to 2 cm. long, crenate;
flowers small, in long racemes; sepals 4 or 5; petals 4 or 5; stamens 8 or 10;
fruit a small capsule. ‘ Lorito” (Costa Rica); “ oreganillo” (Porto Rico) ;
“encinillo”” (Colombia).
The bark is astringent, and a gum often exudes from it. It is said that the
bark has been used as an adulterant of quinine.
57. HAMAMELIDACEAE. Witch-hazel Family.
1. LIQUIDAMBAR L. Sp. Pl. 999. 1753.
REFERENCE: P. Wilson, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 189. 1905.
The balsam derived from Liquidambar orientalis Mill., of western Asia, is the
official Styrax of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia; it is known also as storax. It is
used in medicine as a stimulating expectorant and very feeble germicide.
1. Liquidambar styraciflua L. Sp. Pl. 999. 1753.
Liquidambar macrophylla Oerst. Amér. Centr. 16. 1863.
Liquidambar styraciflua mexicana Oerst. Amér. Centr. 16. 1863.
Mountains, Veracruz and Puebla to Chiapas. Guatemala; eastern United
States; type from Virginia.
Large or small tree, sometimes 45 meters high, with a trunk 1.5 meters in
diameter, the crown broad or narrow; bark thick, deeply furrowed, grayish, the
young branches usually with corky wings; leaves about 15 cm. wide, with 5
deep acute lobes, bright green; flowers unisexual, the staminate racemose, the
pistillate in globose heads, the heads becoming spiny and conelike in fruit;
perianth none; fruit a capsule, opening at the apex, containing few winged seeds;
- wood hard, weak, light brown, its specific gravity about 0.59. “‘ Xochiquahuitl,”
“xochiocotzoquahuitl,” ‘“ xochiocotzotl” (the gum) (Nahuatl); “ maripenda ”
(Michoacén, Tarascan); “nabai” (Chiapas, Morelet); ‘“ ocotzotl,”’ ‘“ ocozotl,”
or “ocozol”’ (Veracruz) ; “ ocozote” (Oaxaca, Reko); “estoraque” (Oaxaca,
Guatemala); ‘liquidimbar’” (Oaxaca, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua) ;
“yaga-bito,” “ yaga-bizigui’’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec).
The wood of the sweet-gum takes a good polish but warps badly. It is used in
the United States for furniture, shingles, paving blocks, etc., and in Mexico for
boxes, chests, and other articles. For interior finish of houses it is very popular,
for it is of fine appearance when polished. The leaves (which are beautifully
colored in autumn, before falling) contain tannin.
The resin or balsam obtained from the tree appears to be little known in the
United States, but in Mexico and Central America it has been much used from
the earliest times. It has been employed also in Europe in medicine, under the
Dames “liquidambar” and ‘‘copalm balsam.” The balsam is a transparent
yellowish liquid with peculiar agreeable balsamic odor and bitter warm acrid
taste; upon exposure to the air it hardens. The gum is sometimes chewed in the
southern United States to sweeten the breath. A sirup prepared from the bark
has been used as a remedy for diarrhoea and dysentery, especially in children.
The method of gathering the balsam in Honduras, and the uses made of
it there, are detailed in the following account by W. V. Wells: “The owners
*Pxplorations and adventures in Honduras, pp. 321-322. 1857.
318 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
of cattle estates send their mayordomos into the woods to collect the gum,
which is found exuding from the pores of the tree, and often collecting, like
that of the peach, in some knot or bruise along its smooth surface. The gum
trickles from the incision in transparent tears down the conduits made by
the natives, until, from a spout inserted in some convenient place, a pint or
more is collected. By climbing to the lower branches a purer quality is said
to be obtained.
“A rim of plantain leaves, bound tightly around the trunk and left for
several days, is found filled with the precious distillation. I afterwards
went with Julio, the mayordomo of Lepaguare, about two leagues to one of
these trees, where he procured from the leafy troughs at least a pint. The
trunk of the liquid amber-tree is clammy to the touch, so that numerous living
bees, attracted by the sweet, glutinous substance sweating from the pores, are
found sticking helplessly to the bark. The gum, when bottled, becomes of the
consistency of sirup. In the caballeria of Don Francisco Zelaya there were
at least two gallons used for no other purpose than to heal the wounds of
horses, mules and cattle. * * * I was assured that it never failed to
effect a speedy cure for flesh-wounds in horses, and that in the mountains,
when the mahogany-cutters or hunters wounded themselves, they applied at
once to this tree for remedios. It is sometimes mixed into a stiff gum with
other substances, and chewed by the Indians as a preservative of the teeth.”
One of the earliest references to the sweet-gum tree is that by Bernal Diaz
del Castillo* who, describing the meals taken by the Mexican emperor, says:
“After he had dined, they presented to him three little canes highly orna-
mented, containing liquid amber, mixed with an herb they call tobacco, and
when he had sufficiently viewed and heard the singers, dancers, and buffGons,
he took a little of the smoke of one of these canes.” The balsam and gum were
much used for flavoring tobacco and also as incense in houses and temples.
As for medicinal uses, the tree was employed in catarrhal, stomachic, and other
affections, and was reputed to have stimulant properties. The following ac-
count of the tree by Hernindez,’? accompanied by a figure, is given in a chapter
entitled ‘‘ De Xochiocotzo Quahuitl, seu Arbore Liquidambari Indici”: ‘ Xo-
chiocotzo Quahuitl is a large tree, with leaves almost like those of a maple,
divided into three points and two notches, toothed, on one side whitish and
on the other darker. The bark of the trunk is partly yellow and partly
green. It grows in plains and in hot, or sometimes in temperate places, like
Hoeyacocotla, Quahuchinac, and Xicotepec. Its nature is hot and dry, and
its odor pleasant. If the bark of this tree is cut, there flows from it what is
called Indian Liquidambar by the Spaniards, and by the Mexicans Xochiocotzol,
in the sweetness of its odor very like Styrax. Its nature is hot in the third
order, and dry, and added to tobacco it strengthens the head, belly, and heart,
induces sleep, and alleviates pains in the head that are caused by colds.
Alone, it dissipates humors, relieves pains, and cures eruptions of the skin.
From the same tree, either spontaneously or from incisions, there is dis-
tilled an oil, no whit inferior to the famed liquor, either in sweetness of odor
or in medicinal virtues, albeit some assert that the oil is distilled from the
first liquor, put in a suitable place, or expressed, so that the thinner part of —
* Thesaurus 56. 1651. See also M. G. Lozada, El Liquidambar, Naturaleza 1:
70.
|
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 319
It relieves wind in the stomach and dissipates tumors beyond belief, it aids
digestion, strengthens the belly, heals uterine affections, and others similar to
those, either alone or mixed with other drugs. There are some who prepare
a kind of balsam from the twigs steeped in water, but this is meaner and less
suitable for the aforesaid remedies, and not fit for any except the meaner
uses.”
58. PLATANACEAE. Plane-tree Family.
REFERENCE: Gleason, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 227-229. 1908.
1. PLATANUS L. Sp. Pl. 999. 1753.
Large trees with thin peeling bark; pubescence of stellate hairs; leaves alter-
nate, long-petiolate, palmately nerved, dentate or lobate, with large stipules;
flowers small, green, unisexual, monoecious, in large dense globose heads;
sepals 3 or 4; petals small, alternate with the sepals; stamens alternate with
the petals; fruit of nutlets, each surrounded by stiff erect hairs.
The species of this genus are known by the English names of “ buttonwood,”
“sycamore,” and “ plane-tree.” They are excellent shade trees and especially
to be recommended for street planting. They are little attacked by insects
and usually have broad crowns, with tough branches not easily broken by the
wind. The native species are planted as shade trees in Mexico.
Heads 1 or 2 or rarely 3 on each peduncle, sessile.
Leaves whitish-tomentose beneath_______-_________ 1. P. mexicana.
meaves £reen and glabrate beneath._~_.-. 2-2-3 - 2 2. P. glabrata.
Heads 38 to 6 on each peduncle.
Leaves with 5 deep narrow lobes, truncate or often deeply cordate at the
base.
Heads slender-stalked ; leaves rather closely grayish-tomentose at first but
SCDOT 2 SATA a a a a eh a Saas te 3. P. wrightii.
Heads sessile or on very short stalks; leaves loosely yellow-tomentose.
4. P. racemosa.
Leaves not lobed, or with 3 lobes, or rarely with 2 very small additional
lobes, these often very shallow.
EVeadsstallkedyvest- «=e jaeorsirigc dames pie ett f 5. P. chiapensis.
Heads sessile.
Leaves rounded and conspicuously decurrent at base, loosely white-
tomentose beneath the lobes usually entire ______ 6. P. lindeniana.
es Leaves truncate or subcordate at base, scarcely or not at all decurrent,
with a very close sparse tomentum beneath, not whitish, the lobes
Coarsely dentate = 25 5 a. Sk ee ee eee 7. P. oaxacana.
1. Platanus mexicana Moric. Pl. Amer. Rar. 12. 1830.
Along watercourses, Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz.
Large tree, 15 to 20 meters high, the trunk 1.5 meters in diameter, with broad
crown ; leaves long-petiolate, 7 to 20 cm. wide, with 5 or more-acuminate lobes;
fruit heads brownish, about 3 cm. in diameter. ‘“ Aya” (Veracruz, Schiede) ;
“alamo” (Tamaulipas, Veracruz) ; “Alamo blanco” (San Luis Potosi, Nuevo
Leon, Tamaulipas).
Sometimes planted as a shade tree. The wood is used for general car-
penter work and for dishes and spoons.
2. Platanus glabrata Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 493. 1901.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosi; type from Monclova, Coahuila.
Leaves 5 to 20 cm. wide, usually green on both surfaces, acutely lobed and
dentate. “Alamo” (San Luis Potosf).
320 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Platanus wrightii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 10: 349. 1875. f
Northern Chihuahua and Sonora; sometimes planted as a shade tree. South-
ern Arizona (type locality) and New Mexico.
Tree with broad crown, sometimes 24 meters high, with a trunk diameter of
1.5 meters, the bark brownish, scaling off in thin sheets; leaves 15 to 20 em.
wide, with 3 to 7 long narrow lobes, these entire or sparsely dentate; wood light
brown, its specific gravity about 0.47.
4. Platanus racemosa Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 1: 47. 1842.
Baja California. California (type locality).
Large tree, sometimes 38 meters high, with a trunk diameter of 2.7 meters;
leaves deeply lobed, 15 to 25 em. wide; wood hard, coarse-grained, light brown,
weak and not durable, its specific gravity about 0.49.
5. Platanus chiapensis Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 20: 212. 1919.
Chiapas; type from Zincantan.
Tree, 15 meters high; leaves with 3 short acute lobes, or merely coarsely and
remotely dentate, 9 to 23 cm. long, fulvous-tomentose beneath.
6. Platanus lindeniana Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10?: 342. 1843.
Veracruz and Puebla to Chiapas; type from Jalapa.
Tree, 30 to 40 meters high; leaves 9 to 20 em. long or larger, with 3 long nar-
row lobes. “Alamo” (Veracruz). .
This may be the species reported from Uruapam by Sessé and Mocifio’ as P.
orientalis. That name belongs to an Old World species.
7. Platanus oaxacana Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 2138. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, San Miguel Alborrados, Oaxaca, altitude
1,950 meters.
Leaves 12 to 20 em. wide.
59. CROSSOSOMATACEAE. Crossosoma Family.
REFERENCE: Small, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 231-232. 1908.
1. CROSSOSOMA Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. IT. 1: 150. 1848.
Shrubs or small trees with rough astringent bark; leaves alternate, thick,
small, entire; flowers perfect, solitary, white or purplish; sepals and petals 5
each; stamens usually 15 or more; fruit a cluster of 2 to 5 follicles.
Petals broadly obovate or orbicular-obovate; follicles many-seeded.
1. C. californicum.
Petals spatulate or oblong; follicles few-seeded.
Body of the follicle oblong-eylindric, rugose____________ ___2. C. bigelovii.
Body of the follicle ovoid, reticulate_____________________ 3. C. parviflorum.
1. Crossosoma californicum Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. IT. 1: 150. 1848.
Guadalupe Island, Baja California. Islands off the coast of southern Cali-
fornia; type from’ Santa Catalina Island.
Shrub or small tree with rough sealy bark; leaves oblong, obovate, or spatu-
late, 2.5 to 9 em. long, sessile or nearly so; petals white, 1.5 to 1.8 em. long.
2. Crossosoma bigelovii’? S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 11: 122. 1876.
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 163. 1887.
? John Milton Bigelow (1804-1878) was appointed in 1850 surgeon of the Mexi-
can Boundary Commission, and in 1853 surgeon and botanist of the expedition
under Lieutenant Whipple, which explored the route for a railroad along the
thirty-fifth parallel. He made large collections of plants, which were reported
upon by Torrey and Gray.
i
‘
:
©
4
‘
F
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 321
Erect shrub, the branches sometimes spinelike; leaves 0.5 to 1.5 em. long;
petals white or purplish, 1 to 1.4 cm. long.
3. Crossosoma parviflorum Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 30: 114. 1894.
Sonora. Arizona, the type from the Grand Canyon.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves elliptic-oblong, 8 to 13 mm. long, pale
green; petals white, 6 mm. long.
60. ROSACEAE. Rose Family.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 289-533. 1908-1918.
Shrubs or trees; leaves usually alternate, simple or compound, commonly
stipulate; flowers usually perfect, often large and showy; sepals normally 5;
petals as many as the sepals or wanting; stamens usually numerous; fruit
of achenes, follicles, or small drupes.
Many herbaceous plants of the family are natives of Mexico.
Leaves compound or deeply lobed and with linear lobes.
Petals none; flowers in long spikelike racemes. Leaves pinnate, with 9 to 19
Tene averyelow? SHEUD= ss 92 bess ee be ere ee 5. ACAENA.
Petals present; flowers never in spikelike racemes. ;
Leaves 2 or 3 times pinnate, with very numerous minute divisions. Plants
unarmed; flowers small, white, corymbose-paniculate.
9. CHAMAEBATIA.
Leaves once pinnate or digitate or merely lobed.
Leaves merely pinnate-lobed ; flowers mostly solitary ; plants unarmed.
Bractlets present on the calyx; pistils numerous____7. FALLUGIA.
IBractletssnone=> piStil Smite w= =. ae eee 8. COWANTIA.
Leaves pinnate or digitate; flowers often racemose, corymbose, or
paniculate; plants usually armed with spines.
Fruit of numerous druplets borne on a receptacle; leaves often
palmate; petals usually white; stipules free from the petiole.
11. RUBUS.
Fruit globose or urceolate, with numerous achenes inside; leaves pin-
nate; petals pink or red; stipules united to the petiole.
12. ROSA.
Leaves simple, entire or dentate, or with short, broad lobes.
Leaves entire. Flowers white.
Fruit of usually 3 follicles; leaves flat; flowers racemose____1. SPIRAEA.
Fruit an achene; leaves clavate or filiform; flowers paniculate.
6. ADENOSTOMA.
Leaves toothed or lobed.
Leaves digitately lobed; fruit of numerous fleshy druplets. Flowers
Erie eR oul eA eke ee Sp Sa ES Be ls ee be 11. RUBUS.
Leaves merely dentate or crenate or pinnately lobed; fruit dry.
Petals none; calyx tube long-tubular; fruit a single achene with a long
plumose tail; flowers axillary, solitary or fasciculate.
10. CERCOCARPUS.
Petals present; calyx tube never tubular; fruit of follicles or of more
than one achene; flowers terminal, often paniculate.
Fruit of achenes with long plumose tails; flowers ochroleucous or
PuUrpletee 2S oh be pw ae doe) poke tiles 8. COWANTA.
Fruit of follicles without long plumose tails; flowers white. ;
Stipules none; seeds exalate; leaves deciduous__4. SERICOTHECA.
Stipules present, deciduous; seeds winged; leaves persistent.
322 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Carpels wholly united into a 5-celled capsule; flowers solitary or
in small clusters__-. Sees i _.j___.-2. (LINDLEYELGEAS
Carpels free above, wholly distinct at maturity ; flowers corymbose,
3. VAUQUELINIA.
1. SPIRAEA L. Sp. Pl. 489. 1753.
Many of the species of this genus, especially those of Asiatic origin, are culti-
vated for ornament, and some are grown in Mexican gardens.
1. Spiraea hartwegiana Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 246. 1908.
Spiraea parvifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 36. 1840. Not S. parvifolia Raf. 1888.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from “‘ Puenta del Dio.”
Shrub with grayish or reddish brown branches; leaves spatulate, 7 to 15 mm.
long, entire, glabrous; flowers small, white, racemose; petals 5, 2 mm. long; fruit
of 5 follicles.
2. LINDLEYELLA Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 259. 1908.
1. Lindleyella mespiloides (H. B. K.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 259. 1908.
Lindleya mespiloides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 240. 1823.
Lindleyella schiedeana Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 259. 1908.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas and Oaxaca; type from between La Puente de la
Madre de Dios and Magdalena.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves oblanceolate to broadly obovate, 1 to 4 cm.
long, short-petiolate, glabrous, crenulate; flowers solitary or clustered, white,
2 to 3 em. broad; petals 5; stamens 15 to 25. ‘ Barreta” (Zacatecas).
3. VAUQUELINIA Correa; Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 140. 1808.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves coriaceous, serrate or dentate. the stipules small,
deciduous; flowers small, white, corymbose; petals 5; stamens 15 to 25; fruit
a woody capsule.
Leaves finely tomentose beneath.
Leaf blades lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, tapering to the apex, white
| AY £) e252 9 el Me Reem Ney SENN eee mh A eae Ce ea eee 1. V. californica.
Leaf blades narrowly oblong, not tapering te the apex, obtuse, greenish be-
MCAT essen eee NE ec ee le gn 2. V. australis.
Leaves glabrous beneath, at least when fully expanded.
Leaf blades linear or linear-lanceolate, coarsely salient-dentate, acute or
earls tsercyea Te et ig Sy eg pee Be 3. V. corymbosa.
Leaf blades lanceolate, oblong, broadly oblong, or ovate, truncate to acutish
at base.
Leaf blades 8 to 5 em. long, 0.6 to 1.1 cm. wide, finely serrulate; petioles
3 to 6 mm. long; inflorescence few-flowered__________ 4. V. pauciflora.
Leaf blades 5.5 to 10.5 cm. long, 1.3 to 3 cm. wide, coarsely serrate; petioles
6 to 25 mm. long; inflorescence many-flowered.
Leaf blades 3 to 5 times as long as broad, obtuse or acutish at base.
5. V. karwinskyi.
Leaf blades about twice as long as broad, truncate or very obtuse at base.
6. V. latifolia.
1. Vauquelinia californica (Torr.) Sarg. Gard. & For. 2: 400. 1889.
Spiraea californica Torr. in Hmory, Notes Mil. Reconn. 140. 1848.
Vauquelinia torreyi S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 147. 1876.
Reported from Sonora and Baja California. Arizona; type from mountains
near the Gila.
eee eee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 323
Shrub or small tree, up to 6 meters high, the trunk sometimes 18 cm. in diam-
, eter, the branches stiff and crooked; bark thin, reddish brown, scaly; leaves 4
to 8 em. long; corymbs 5 to 8 cm. wide; wood hard, close-grained, dark brown,
its specific gravity about 1.13.
2. Vauquelinia australis Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31: 132. 1918.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Paxtle, Puebla.
Leaves 3.5 to 6 cm. long, serrulate, lustrous on the upper surface; corymbs
about 4 ecm. broad; petals 3.5 mm. long.
3. Vauquelinia corymbosa Correa; Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 140. 1808.
Vauquelinia angustifolia Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 260. 1908.
Chihuahua and Coahuila to Hidalgo; type from Actopan, Hidalgo. Western
Texas. ;
Tree, up to 10 meters high; with brown bark; leaves 5 to 10 em. long or
larger, long-petiolate. ‘“ Guauyul,” “ guayule,”’ “ palo prieto,” “Arbol prieto,”
“nalo verde” (Durango, Patoni).
The wood or bark is said to be used for dyeing goat skins yellow. Patoni
states that the name “ guayule” belongs properly to this plant rather than to
Parthenium argentatum, to which it is now generally applied, and that it is
doubtful how it came to be applied to the latter plant. V. angustifolia differs
from the typical form in having less salient teeth, but the two forms are con-
nected by specimens intermediate in character.
4. Vauquelinia paucifiora Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31: 132. 1918.
Known only from the type locality, Guadalupe Canyon, northeastern Sonora.
Tree; branches dark gray, leafy at the tips; leaves lustrous on the upper
surface.
Rydberg has applied the name V. torreyi S. Wats. to this species, but that is
evidently only a new name for Spiraea californica Torr. It may be that V.
paucifiora is only a form of V. californica.
5. Vauquelinia karwinskyi Maxim. Act. Hort. Petrop. 6: 236. 1879.
Vauquelinia potosina Painter; Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 31: 1381.
1918.
San Luis Potosi and probably elsewhere; type from Santiaguillo.
Shrub or small tree with dark brown branches; leaves long-petiolate, lustrous
on the upper surface.
6. Vauquelinia latifolia Rydb., sp. nov.
Coahuila and Tamaulipas; type from mountains near Miquihuana, Tamau-
lipas, altitude 2,100 to 2,700 meters. (Nelson 4481; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 332669).
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate to ovate-oblong, 5 to 6.5
em. long, 2.5 to 3 cm. wide, obtuse or acute, rounded at base, coarsely serrate,
thick-coriaceous, glabrous, lustrous, often glaucescent beneath; corymbs many-
flowered, dense, glabrous, 4 to 5 cm. broad, the flowers about 6 mm. long.
4. SERICOTHECA Raf. Sylva Tell. 152. 1839.
Small or large shrubs; leaves estipulate, dentate; flowers small, white, pani-
culate, the panicles often large and showy ; petals 5; stamens about 20; fruit of
5 small follicles.
Teeth of the leaves lanceolate or triangular-ovate, ending in a long mucro;
stamens shorter than the calyx lobes.
eaves glabroys on the upper surface. 20). 26 eae 4, S. fissa.
Leaves velvety-pubescent on the upper surface_____-__ 5. S. velutina.
Teeth of the leaves rounded or rounded-ovate, with a short mucro; stamens
usually equaling the calyx lobes.
324 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves glandular-atomiferous and slightly hairy on the veins beneath, not at
all tomentoseisa. seiilvey itty eel 2 elie Hae Fetes 3. S. schaffneri. |
Leaves tomentose and villous beneath.
Leaf blades abruptly contracted at the base, searcely decurrent.
1. S. pachydisca.
Leaf blades cuneate at the base and decurrent on the winged petioles.
2. S. dumosa.
1. Sericotheca pachydisca Rydb. N. Amer. Fl, 22: 263. 1908.
Known only from the type locality, Tacubaya, Valley of Mexico.
Shrub with brown branches; leaves 2 to 3 cm. long, short-petiolate, with few
coarse teeth; panicles 10 to 15 em. long.
2. Sericotheca dumosa (Nutt.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 263. 1908.
Spiraea dumosa Nutt.; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 217. 1847.
Holodiseus dumosus Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 4. 1898.
Chihuahua and Baja California. Northward to Wyoming; type from the
Platte River.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, often forming large clumps; leaves 2 to 5 cm. long,
obtuse or acute ; panicles 5 to 20 cm. long, very showy.
The fruit of this and other species is said to have been eaten by the Coahuilla
Indians of California and the Tewa of New Mexico.
3. Sericotheca schaffneri Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 264. 1908.
Northern Mexico; type from San Luis Potosi. Arizona.
Low shrub; leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, ovate or rounded-oval, obtuse; panicles
5 to 7 em. long.
4. Sericotheca fissa (Lindl.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 265. 1908.
Spiraea fissa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 26: Misc. 73. 1840.
Spiraea argentea Benth. Pl. Hartw. 82. 1841. Not 8. argentea L. f. 1781.
? Holodiscus loeseneri Dammer, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 15: 385. 1919.
Michoacin to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Guatemala to Costa Rica.
Shrub, 2.5 to 3.5 meters high; leaves 2 to 5 cm. long, acute; panicles 5 to 15
cm, long.
On the Pico de Orizaba the species ascends to 3,300 meters.
5. Sericothea velutina Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 265. 1908.
Southern Mexico; type from Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca. Guatemala. f
Shrub, 1 meter high or more; leaves 1.5 to 3 em. long; panicles 5 to 10 cm. —
long. .
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
SPIRAEA MEXICANA Schiede; Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1857: 58. 1858.
Described from cultivated plants of Mexican origin-
5. ACAENA Mutis; L. Mant. Pl. 145. 1775.
Low shrubs, or often herbaceous almost throughout; leaves pinnate, stipu-
late; flowers small, spicate or racemose, the calyx covered with barbed prickles ;
petals none; stamens 3 to 5; fruit a solitary achene.
Upper leaflets 1.5 to 2 em. long, the lower gradually reduced.
1. A. agrimonioides.
Upper leaflets 0.8 to 1.5 em. long, the lower scarcely reduced__2. A. elongata.
1. Acaena agrimonioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 231. 1823.
Known only from the type locality, near Tianguillo.
Stems purplish; leaflets 9 to 13, sessile, acute, coarsely serrate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 325 -
2. Acaena elongata L. Mant. Pl. 200. 1771.
Mountains, Veracruz to Mexico and Colima. Southward to Colombia.
Low shrub with brownish or purplish bark; leaflets 9 to 19, oval or elliptic,
serrate, glabrous and lustrous on the upper surface; stamens purple; fruit
eovered with barbed spines.
6. ADENOSTOMA Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 129. 1832.
Erect shrubs; leaves often fasciculate, filiform or clavate; flowers very
small, white, paniculate; petals-5; stamens 10 to 15; fruit a single achene.
Leaves clavate, fascicled; bracts not scarious; stamens usually 15.
1. A. fasciculatum.
Leaves filiform, scattered ; bracts with scarious margins; stamens usually 10.
2. A. sparsifolium.
1. Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 139. 1832.
Adenostoma brevifoliwum Nutt.; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 396. 1913.
Baja California, abundant in the mountains at 300 to 1,800 meters. Cali-
fornia; type from Monterey Bay.
Shrub, 0.5 to 6 meters high, the branches brown or gray; leaves 4 to 10 mm.
long, acute or obtuse, lustrous; petals about 1.5 mm. long. ‘‘Chamiso” (Baja
California).
2. Adenostoma sparsifolium Torr. in Emory, Notes Mil. Reconn. 140. 1848.
Baja California, on mountain slopes at 1,000 to 1,750 meters. California ;
type from Warner Pass.
Shrub or tree, 1 to 10 meters high, forming dense thickets, the branchlets
green, the bark of old branches reddish brown, often peeling in thin sheets;
leaves 5 to 12 mm. long, gland-dotted; flowers sometimes pinkish. ‘ Palo
amarillo” (Baja California); ‘‘hierba del pasmo,”’ “ chamiso” (California).
Often known in California as “ greasewood.” A decoction of the plant is used
locally for chills and fevers and as a tonic. The Coahuilla Indians of Cali-
fornia employed the wood for arrow points and rabbit sticks; a decoction of
the twigs as a purgative and vomitive in the case of pains in the stomach and
intestines; the powdered twigs mixed with grease as a salve; and a decoction
of the plant as a remedy for sick cattle.
7. FALLUGIA Endl. Gen. Pl. 1246. 1840.
1. Fallugia paradoxa (D. Don) Endl.; Torr. in Emory, Notes Mil. Reconn. 140.
1848.
Sieversia paradoxa D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 14: 576. 1825.
Geum cercocarpoides DC.; Seringe in DC. Prodr. 2: 554. 1825.
Fallugia mexicana Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 46. 1843.
Chihuahua, Durango, and Coahuila. Western Texas to Utah and Arizona.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the bark whitish, shredded; leaves 1 to 2 em. long,
divided into 3 to 7 linear revolute lobes; flowers white, usually solitary, long-
pedunculate, the 5 petals 1.5 to 2 ecm. long; stamens numerous; achenes with
feathery purplish tails 3 to 5 em. long. “ Ponil” (New Mexico).
A very handsome shrub when in either flower or fruit; of Some value as a
forage plant. It is sometimes known in the southwestern United States as
“Apache-plume.” The Tewa Indians of New Mexico employed the smaller
branches, tied in bundles, as brooms, and the larger ones for arrow shafts.
They also, like the Hopi of Arizona, employed an infusion of the leaves for
washing the hair to promote its growth, probably, according to Hough, because
of the hairy fruit.
326 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. COWANTIA D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 14: 574. 1825.
Erect shrubs or small trees; leaves dentate, pinnatifid, or entire, coriaceous,
viscid, gland-dotted, the margins usually revolute; flower solitary; petals 5;
stamens numerous; achenes 1 to 12, each with a long feathery tail.
WCANVES NONIGIT One oer te et Bee ee ee ee eee ee ____1. C. ericaefolia.
Leaves dentate or pinnatifid.
Petals purple or rose; leaves 5 to 9-dentate; sepals cuspidate-acuminate.
2. C. plicata,
Petals white or yellowish; leaves 3 or 5-cleft; sepals rounded at apex.
Calyx tube campanulate, abruptly contracted at base; lobes of the leaves
SIN GU Meee ete eee Cee) et cra in ee ee 3. C. mexicana.
Calyx tube funnelform, gradually narrowed at base; lobes of the leaves
ChE Orr ena te: FSR a GP ah ad) Se 4. C. stansburiana,
1. Cowania ericaefolia Torr.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 106. 1853.
Western Texas; type collected on rocks along the Rio Grande below Presidio
del Norte; doubtless also in Chihuahua, although no Mexican specimens have
been seen.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, with dark brown bark; leaves linear-subulate, 4 —
to 6 mm. long; petals white or yellowish, 6 to 8 mm. long.
2. Cowania plicata D. Don; Sweet, Brit. Flower Gard. II. pl. 400. 1838.
Cowania purpurea Zuce. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 47: 7. 1845.
Greggia rupestris Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 114. 1848.
Rocky hillsides, Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas, and Guanajuato.
Shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high, with shredded bark; leaves obovate, 6 to 20 mm.
long, white-tomentose beneath; petals 10 to 12 mm. long.
3. Cowania mexicana D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 14: 575. 1825.
Geum dryadoides DC.; Seringe in DC. Prodr. 2: 554. 1825.
Durango and Guanajuato; reported from Jalisco.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with brownish bark; leaves usually 3-cleft, 5 to 10
mm. long; petals cream-colored, about 8 mm. long. “ Romero cedro” (Guana-
juato, Jalisco); ‘“chivatillo” (Durango, Patoni); ‘“romerillo cimarrén”
(Seemann).
4. Cowania stansburiana Torr. in Stansb. Expl. Great Salt Lake 386. 1852.
Dry hillsides, Chihuahua and Sonora. Colorado to southern California ;
type from Great Salt Lake, Utah.
Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high, with gray shredded bark; leaves 8 to 15 mm.
long, viscid; petals white or pale yellow, 8 to 10 mm. long; tails of the fruit
4 to 5 em. long.
Before the advent of European races the Indians of Utah and Nevada
obtained material for clothing from this shrub. The thin, silky inner bark was
removed in strips and woven or braided together. The bark was used also
for sandals, ropes, and mats. The Gosiute Indians are said to have used the
plant medicinally, but in what manner is not stated.
9. CHAMAEBATTA Benth. Pl. Hartw. 308. 1848.
1. Chamaebatia australis (T. S. Brandeg.) Abrams, Bull. Torrey Club 34: —
263. 1907.
Chamaebatia foliolosa australis T. S. Brandeg. Bot. Gaz. 27: 447. 1899.
Northern Baja California; type from La Grulla. Southern California.
Low shrub, glandular-pubescent, with blackish branches; leaves 3 to 6 em.
long, 2 or 3 times pinnatifid into very numerous minute segments; flowers
white, cymose-paniculate, the 5 petals 4 to 5 mm. long; stamens numerous.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 827
10. CERCOCARPUS H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 232. 1823.
Shrubs or small trees, leaves entire or dentate, thick; flowers axillary, soli-
tary or fasciculate, inconspicuous; fruit with long feathery tails.
Patoni gives the vernacular name of a Durango species as “lentisco.’”’ Be-
eause of their very hard, tough wood the plants are commonly known in the
United States by the name of “ mountain mahogany.” The wood of C. ledi-
folius Nutt. was used by the Gosiute Indians of Utah for bows. The Tewa
of New Mexico drink an infusion of the leaves of C. montanus Raf. (known
as ‘palo duro”) with salt, as a laxative.
Leaves coriaceous, the veins very prominent beneath, impressed above.
BreeSE CEN ALG se = ae ee a 2k oft OU eee es 4. C. pringlei.
Leaves serrate or dentate.
Leaf blades oval or elliptic, acute or subobtuse at the apex, the lateral
veins mostly 12 to 20 on each side______________ 1. C. macrophyllus.
Leaf blades obovate to orbicular, rounded at apex, the lateral veins 5 to
10 on each side.
Leaves not conspicuously white-tomentosc beneath, the lateral veins 7 to
LOVonP en Ch? siden. 2 4s esA ty tal 2 feo Teg 2. C. fothergilloides.
Leaves conspicuously white-tomentose beneath, the lateral veins 5 to 8
RON CACH SiGe en Taya} fr SS 4 ash RY 8 Yt 3. C. mojadensis.
Leaves not coriaceous, the veins neither very prominent nor impressed.
Leaf blades 2 to 6 cm. long, dentate at least at and above the middle.
Pubescence of the hypanthium and young leaves spreading.
5. C. rotundifolius.
Pubescence of the hypanthium and young leaves appressed.
6. C. betuloides.
Leaf blades usually less than 2 cm. long, dentate only at the apex or entre.
Pubescence of the hypanthium and young leaves appressed; hypantbium
mipewlesss Thame, Girne, Longe tse SS ee 9. C, brevifiorus.
Pubescence of the hypanthium and young leaves spreading; hypanthium
tube 6 to 7 mm. long.
EN PESECCNGCEY Ol SOLE Was. 2 ss te 7. C. eximius.
iPuibescence, ob Jone, Shagey shairs’ = 3 8. C. paucidentatus.
1. Cercocarpus macrophyllus C. Schneid. Handb. Laubh. 1: 530, 1905.
In the mountains, Jalisco to Veracruz and Guerrero; type from Orizaba,
Veracruz. :
Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves 4 to 11 cm. long, very thick, green above,
tomentose beneath, dentate; tails of the fruit 5 to 6 em. long.
2. Cercocarpus fothergilloides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 233. 1823.
Mexico and Puebla; probably extending to Oaxaca; type from near the
City of Mexico.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 5 meters high; leaves 2.5 to 4.5 ecm. long, dentate,
lustrous on the upper surface. “ Ramon,” “ zunu-ifia” (Oaxaca).
3. Cercocarpus mojadensis C. Schneid. Handb. Laubh. 1: 530. 1905.
Coahuila and Zacatecas; type from Sierra Mojada, Coahuila.
Shrub or small tree; leaves 2 to 4 cm. long, dentate, white-tomentose beneath ;
tails of the fruit 3 to 4 cm. long.
4, Cercocarpus pringlei (C. Schneid.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 420. 1913.
Cercocarpus mojadensis pringlei C. Schneid. Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges.
14: 126. 1905.
Oaxaca; type from La Hoya Canyon.
Tree, up to 8 meters high; leaves 3 to 6.5 em. long, white-tomentose beneath.
55268—22 11
328 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Cercocarpus rotundifolius Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 421. 1913.
Baja California; common in canyons at 1,440 to 1,700 meters. Southern
California; type from Los Angeles County.
Shrub, 3 to 5.5 meters high, with dark branches, sometimes forming dense
thickets; leaves rounded-oval or suborbicular, 1 to 3 cm. long; tails of the fruit
6 to 7 cm. long.
6. Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 427. 1840.
Northern Baja California. California; type from Santa Barbara. .
Shrub or tree, 3 to 10 meters high, the trunk sometimes 25 cm. in diameter;
bark thin, separating into irregular scales; leaves oval or obovate, 1.5 to 5 cm.
long; wood close-grained, reddish brown, its specific gravity about 0.93. c
The wood is sometimes used for tool handles, and is useful for fuel.
7. Cercocarpus eximius (C. Schneid.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 422. 1913.
Cercocarpus brevijlorus eximius C, Schneid. Handb. Laubh. 1: 530. 1905. |
Dry rocky hillsides, Chihuahua and Sonora. Arizona and New Mexico; ~
type from Capitan Mountains, New Mexico.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 7 meters high, the trunk sometimes 20 cm. in
diameter, with very hard wood; bark thin, scaly; leaves obovate or elliptic,
rounded at the apex; tails of the fruit 4 to 5 cm. long.
8. Cercocarpus paucidentatus (S. Wats.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. 14:
31. 1894.
Cercocarpus parvifolius paucidentatus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17:
353. 1882.
Cercorarpus treleasei C. Schneid. Handb. Laubh. 1: 530. 1905.
San Luis Potosi to Hidalgo; type from San Miguelito, San Luis Potosi.
Shrub with gray bark; leaves 5 to 10 mm. long; tails of the fruit about 3
em. long.
9. Cercocarpus brevifiorus A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 54. 1853.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Sonora; type from Fronteras, Sonora. Arizona
to western Texas.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with dark gray, fissured bark; leaves elliptic,
acute, 8 to 15 mm. long.
:
wf
11. RUBUS L. Sp. Pl. 492. 1753.
Erect, prostrate, or scandent shrubs, usually armed with prickles or bristles;
leaves persistent or deciduous, petiolate, simple or palmately or pinnately
compound; ffowers usually racemose or paniculate, large and showy; fruit
of numerous small juicy drupes, these united and falling off like a cap or
sometimes united to the receptacle, rarely falling off separately.
The genus contains the cultivated blackberries (“ zarzamoras”), dewberries,
and raspberries (‘‘ frambuesas”), some of which are grown in Mexico, although
not very extensively. The native species are known in Mexico as “ zarzamora ”;
the Tarascan name is said to be “ situni”’; the name “ coatlamitl ”* is reported
from the Valley of Mexico. The.fruit of all the native species is edible, and
is used extensively in Mexico. >
The root bark of the wild blackberries is official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia.
The decoction has long been a favorite domestic astringent remedy for di-
arrhoea.
*The name should probably be “coatlantli” (‘‘serpent’s tooth”). The
Nahuatl name for the fruit is “ coatlanxocotl.”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 329
Sessé and Mocifio report* from Mexico Rubus occidentalis and R. hispidus,
both United States species, R. frwticosus, a Huropean species, and I. pentha-
phyllus. The descriptions given are too brief for identification.
The tropical American species of Rubus seem to have attracted little atten-
tion from the early writers, but they are mentioned by Oviedo (Lib. VIII,
Cap. XXVI), who says of the “zarzamoras:” “Although these can not be
eounted as trees in Spain, they are so here, where they have thicker trunks
and stems and are much taller than in Castile, and for their size must be
termed trees.”
Leaves simple. Plants unarmed.
Flowers paniculate; drupelets capped by a hard pubescent cushion.
26. R. parviflorus.
Flowers mostly solitary ; drupelets without a cushion.
Leaves concolorous, the terminal lobe broadly ovate, usually broader than
LOTIe ena AGL 20 Bi SU Se 27. R. neomexicanus. |
Leaves dark green above, paler beneath, the terminal lobe triangular, usu-
aiv loner than proages ot) 20 BU JON aes 28. R. trilobus.
Leaves compound.
Stipules broad, free or nearly so. Stems creeping ____________ 1. R. pumilus.
Stipules narrow, linear-lanceolate or subulate, more or less adnate to the
petioles.
Fruit cup-shaped, falling off from the dry receptacle.
Inflorescence racemose; fruit red; leaves pinnate______ 5. R. strigosus.
Inflorescence corymbose; fruit black or purple; leaves palmate.
Fruit hemispheric; sepals inclosing the fruit__________ 4. R. pringilei.
Fruit oblong; sepals reflexed in fruit.
Leaves glabrate on the upper surface; fruit 8 to 15 mm. thick.
2. R. glaucus.
Leaves puberulent on the upper surface; fruit 6 to 8 mm. thick.
3. R. eriocarpus.
Fruit not cup-shaped, the carpels remaining on the fleshy receptacle and
falling with it or falling off separately.
Plants with prostrate biennial stems; leaflets coarsely toothed, deciduous.
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so, except on the veins.
25. R. humistratus.
Leaves copiously pubescent beneath.
Eruit-sparsely piloseges 2220 eS Ss een it see 23. R. cymosus.
ui felabrous2 os 2 FR EO Ciro, Uo CoIBaAOn aL 24. R. oligospermus.
Plants with usually erect or scandent perennial stems; leaflets finely and
closely dentate, often evergreen.
Drupelets few, falling off separately.
Plants scandent; branches of the inflorescence unarmed; Sepals ob-
tuse.
Stems tomentose, unarmed; leaflets stellate-puberulent on the
upper surface, velvety-tomentose beneath____21. R. scandens.
Stems inconspicuously pilose, prickly; leaflets glabrous above, pu-
berulent beneath on the veins____-_-----_- 22. R. fagifolius.
Plants erect; branches of the inflorescence prickly; sepals acute or
REUMINGte. 6432 elk SRN os bh du gee, ee 3D 11. R. corifolius.
Drupelets united with the receptacle or, if falling separately, numerous.
Stems and petioles densely hispid with long eglandular bristles.
6. R. trichomallus.
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 85. 1887.
330 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stems and petioles not hispid or, if so, the bristles gland-tipped.
Stems and petioles with gland-tipped hairs,
Leaflets sparsely hairy beneath or glabrate___7. R. verae-crucis.
Leaflets densely pubescent beneath__________ 8. R. adenotrichos.
Stems and petioles without gland-tipped hairs, the inflorescence
sometimes glandular-hairy.
Stems climbing or trailing; inflorescence conspicuously prickly.
Leaflets lance-ovate, long-acuminate_________ 17. R. nelsonii.
Leaflets broadly ovate or oval.
Leaflets oval, rounded or obtuse__-______ 20. R. alnifolius. .
Leaflets ovate, short-acuminate or acute.
Teeth of the leaflets broadly ovate; inflorescence with
Sland-tippedains* ie 22 ae 18. R. palmeri.
Teeth of the leaflets lanceolate, directed upward; in-
florescence without gland-tipped hairs.
19. R. sapidus.
Stems not climbing or trailing; inflorescence usually not prickly.
Drupelets pubescent; inflorescence prickly.
Leaflets cordate at base, soft-pubescent.
8. R. philyrophyllus.
Leaflets not cordate at base. sparsely pubescent. :
10. R. liebmannii.
Drupelets glabrous; inflorescence slightly or not at all prickly.
Petals at least twice as long as the sepals.
Leaflets closely serrate with numerous sharp lanceolate
teeth; drupelets few W _+--~._-— 11. R. coriifolius.
Leaflets dentate with numerous small, rather distant
teeth; drupelets numerous______ 12. R. schiedeanus.
Petals slightly if at all exceeding the sepals.
Leaflets regularly dentate with rather short teeth, never
cordate at base.
Inflorescence glandular and tomentose; leaflets pilose
on the upper surface_____ i3. BR. macrogongylus.
Inflorescence not glandular; leaflets finely. stellate-
pubescent on the upper surface____14. R. smithii.
Leaflets closely and irregularly or doubly serrate with
lanceolate antrorse teeth.
Inflorescence copiously glandular-pubescent; inflores-
GONCO 18 Xa fee dee ges oO pyres 15. R. uhdeanus.
Inflorescence very sparsely or not at all prickly; in-
florescence: dense. 4 = =.= !ias 2-8 & 16. R. abundus.
1. Rubus pumilus Focke, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 4: 155. 1874.
Chihuahua to Mexico, in mountain woods; type from San Andrés.
Stems creeping and rooting, sparsely prickly, with shredded bark; leaves reni-
form, simple, 3 to 4 cm. wide, often 3-lobed ; flowers white; fruit red, 1 em. broad.
2. Rubus glaucus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 173. 1845.
Morelos to Chiapas. Southward to Ecuador, the type locality.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the stems glaucous; leaves pinnate, the 8 leaflets
ovate, 6 to 15 cm. long, white-tomentose beneath; flowers white; fruit dark
purple, 1.2 to 2 em. long.
3. Rubus eriocarpus Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhayn Vid. Medd. 1852: 162. 1853.
Veracruz and Puebla; type from Chinantla, Oaxaca. Central America.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. dol
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the stems glaucous, prickly; leaflets 3, 6 to 10 em.
long, finely serrate, long-acuminate, white-tomentose beneath; flowers white;
fruit about 1 cm. long, the drupelets tomentose.
4. Rubus pringlei Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 443. 1913.
Mexico and Hidalgo to Oaxaca and Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Volein
de Agua.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets 3, prickly, 4 to 6 cm. long; flowers white;
fruit 2 cm. long, red or purple, with a bloom.
5. Rubus strigosus Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 297. 1803.
Batidaea arizonica Greene, Leaflets 1: 241. 1906.
Rubus arizonicus Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 446. 19138.
Mountains of Chihuahua. Widely distributed in the United States, Canada,
and Alaska.
Shrub, 0.8 to 1 meter high; leaflets 5 or 7, 3 to 6 cm. long, white-tomentose
beneath; flowers white; fruit 1 cm. broad. ¢
The fruit of this red raspberry is of good quality and is much used in regions
where it is abundant. Some of the horticultural raspberries are forms of this
species improved by cultivation.
6. Rubus trichomalius Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 268. 1839.
Rubus wrticaefolius Focke, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 4: 149. 1874. Not R.
urticaefolius Poir. 1804.
Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Central
America and Colombia.
Stems several meters high, pubescent; leaflets 3 or 5, ovate, 7 to 12 cm. long; -
flowers white; fruit reddish or almost black.
7. Rubus verae-crucis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 450. 1913.
Veracruz; type from San Miguel del Soldado.
Erect shrub, 5 to 7 meters high; leaflets 3 or 5, lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long;
petals white, 1 cm. long.
8. Rubus adenotrichos Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 267. 1839.
Veracruz, Morelos, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Guate-
mala to Costa Rica:
Shrub, up to 9 meters high, the stems covered with reddish gland-tipped
bristles; leaflets 8 or 5,5 to 10 em. long; petals white or pink, 1 em. long; fruit
red or black, 1 ¢m. thick.
§. Rubus philyrophyllus Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 451. 1913.
Rubus tiliaces Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 161. 1853.
Not R. tiliacews Smith, 1815.
Rubus tiliaefolius Focke, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 4: 159. 1874. Not R. tiliae-
folius Weihe, 1825.
Known only from the type locality, Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Leaflets 3, 8 em. long or shorter, short-acuminate.
10. Rubus liebmannii Focke, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 4: 158. 1874.
Mex co and Oaxeea; described from cultivated plants grown from seed gath-
ered on Mount Zempoaltepec, Oaxaca.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaflets 3, 4 to 10 em. long, green; flowers: rose-
colored ; fruit black, 1 cm. long. ;
11. Rubus coriifolius Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 157. 1853.
Michoacan to Veracruz, Morelos, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3.6 meters high; leaflets elongate-ovate, 5 to 10 em. long, acumi-
nate; flowers white or rose; fruit red or nearly black.
12. Rubus schiedeanus Steud? Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 479. 1841.
Rubus dumetorum Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 267. 1839. Not R. dumetorum
Weihe, 1824. ;
332 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Shrub, 1.5 to 7.5 meters high; leaflets 3 or 5, 4 to 10 em. long, glabrous above,
puberulent beneath; flowers white; fruit black. ;
13. Rubus macrogongylus Focke, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 9: 236. 1911.
Veracruz. Guatemala.
Leaflets 3 or 5, oblong, acuminate; fruit black.
14. Rubus smithii Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 453. 1913.
Rubus poliophyllus Focke; Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 18: 202. 1893. Not R. poli-
ophyllus Kuntze, 1879.
Mexico. Guatemala; type from San Rafael.
Leaflets 3 or 5, oval or elliptic, 8 em. long or shorter, abruptly acuminate;
flowers white; fruit black.
15. Rubus uhdeanus Focke, Abh. Nat. Ver. Bremen 4: 159. 1874.
Mexico and Morelos.
Leaflets 3, pale beneath, 9 cm. long or shorter; petals white or pinkish, 8 mm.
long; fruit black, about 1 cm. long.
16. Rubus abundus Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 454. 1913.
Rubus floribundus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 219. 1823. Not R. floribundus
Weihe, 1821.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America to Bolivia; type from Andes of
Loja, Ecuador.
Leaflets 3 or 5, 10 ecm. long or shorter; flowers white or rose; fruit black,
subglobose.
17. Rubus nelsoni Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 455. 1913.
Known only from the type locality, Mount Zempoaltepec, Oaxaca.
Stem reclining, 2 to 4 meters long; leaflets 3 or 5, 3 to 7 cm. long; flowers
white; fruit dark purple, subglobose.
18. Rubus palmeri Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 456. 19138.
Durango, Sinaloa, Tepic, and Jalisco; type from San Ramé6n, Durango.
Stems reclining, 2 to 4 meters long; leaflets 3 or 5, 10 em. long or shorter;
flowers white; fruit black, of good flavor. “ Guismora,” ‘“ huismora” (Du-
rango); “mora” (Sinaloa).
19. Rubus sapidus Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 269. 1839.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Leaflets 3 or 5, dark green, 7 cm. long or shorter, acuminate; petals white,
1 cm. long; fruit globose.
20. Rubus alnifolius Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 457. 19138.
Known only from the type locality, San Miguel, Veracruz.
Stems decumbent or reclining; leaflets 8, oval, coriaceous, 3 to 5 em. long;
fruit dark purple, 1.5 to 2 em. long.
21. Rubus scandens Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1852: 154. 1853.
Veracruz; type from Mirader.
Stems climbing, often 6 meters long; leaflets 3 or 5; flowers white or pinkish ;
fruit dark purple.
22. Rubus fagifolius Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 571. 1880.
Veracruz; type from Papantla.
Stems climbing, sometimes 5 meters long; leaflets 3 or 5, 12 cm. long or
shorter, coriaceous; flowers white; fruit red, of 4 to 6 large drupelets.
23. Rubus cymosus Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 470. 1918.
Known only from the type locality, Tlalpam, Valley of Mexico.
Stems decumbent, prickly; leaflets 5, ovate, 8 to 8 cm. long; flowers white;
_ fruit dark purple, globose, 1 em. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 333
24. Rubus oligospermus Thornber; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 470. 1913.
Rubus scolocaulon T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 498. 1919.
Baja California and Sonora to San Luis Potosi and Jalisco. Southern Ari-
zino; type from Santa Catalina Mountains.
Stems trailing, glabrous, 1 to 6 meters long; leaflets 3 or 5, 5 cm. long or
shorter; flowers white. ¥
This has been reported from Mexico as R. trivialis Michx.
25. Rubus humistratus Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 478. 1841.
Rubus humifusus Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 270. 1839. Not R. humifusus Weihe
& Nees, 1821.
Southern Mexico; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Stems prostrate, 1 to 2 meters long; leaflets 3, ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long; flowers
white.
26. Rubus parviflorus Nutt. Gen. Pl. 1: 308. 1818.
Rubacer parviflorum Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 274. 1903.
Mountains of Chihuahua. Northward to Alaska and Ontario; type from
Lake Huron.
Shrub, a meter high or less, unarmed, glandular-pubescent ; leaves petiolate,
reniform, 5 to 10 cm. wide, 3 or 5-lobed; flowers paniculate, the petals white,
1.5 to 3 em. long; fruit thimble-shaped, red, 1.5 to 2 em. wide, juicy, edible.
Known in the United States as “ thimbleberry.” The fruit is often gathered,
but is of rather poor quality. It collapses when picked. The flowers are very
showy and handsome.
27. Rubus neomexicanus A, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 55. 1853.
Oreobatus neomexicanus Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 30: 275. 1908.
Northern Sonora. Arizona and New Mexico; type from Santa Rita, New
Mexico.
Shrub, 1 to 8 meters high, with flaky bark; leaves cordate-reniform, 3 to 9
em. wide, pubescent, long-petiolate ; flowers white, the petals 2 to 2.5 em. long;
fruit 1.5 cm. broad, red.
28. Rubus trilobus Seringe in DC. Prodr. 2: 566. 1825.
Rubus mexicanus Kuntze, Meth. Sp. 102. 1879.
Oreobatus trilobus Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 22: 428. 1918.
Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Guatemala.
Shrub; leaves cordate, 3-lobed ; petals white, 2 cm. long; fruit purple, 1.5 cm.
broad.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
RUBUS MADRENSIS Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 14. 1908. Described from
Chihuahua.
12. ROSA L. Sp. Pl. 491. 1753.
Erect shrubs, armed with prickles; leaves pinnate; flowers solitary or
corymbose, large and showy; hypanthium enlarged and fleshy in fruit, bearing
numerous achenes on the inner surface.
Many species of roses (‘‘rosas’’) of European or Asiatic origin are cultivated
in Mexico for their beautiful flowers. The fruits of some of the North
American species are sweet and palatable when frosted, and they were eaten
by the Indians, especially in winter, when food was scarce. Among the Tewa
Indians of New Mexico a salve made from the petals is used for sore mouth,
and a decoction of the fruit was employed by the Omaha as a wash for sore
eyes. Some of the tribes smoked the inner bark, either alone or mixed with
tobacco.
Leafiets mostly 5 to 10 mm. long; fruit densely spiny_______ 1. R. minutifolia.
334 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaflets mostly 1.5 em. long or larger; fruit not spiny.
Leafiets glabrous beneath, without glands, thick________ 2. R. montezumae,
Leaflets pubescent beneath, or with stalked glands, thin.
Rachis of the leaves, as well as the fruit, without large stalked glands.
3. R. fendleri,
Rachis of the leaves, and usually the fruit, with long-stalked glands.
Leaflets densely pubescent beneath, not glandular-ciliate.
4. R. californica.
Leaflets glabrous beneath but with numerous stalked glands, glandular-
COU Neha EO OSE Aine ae ere P ert ee ETE cs Sees es Om EN 5. R. serrulata.
1. Rosa minutifolia Parry, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 97. 1882.
Baja California, abundant in places along arroyos and on mesas, up to an
altitude of 300 meters; type from Bahia de Todos Santos.
Shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high, the stems covered with stellate hairs; leaflets
3, 5 to 8 mm. long; petals deep rose purple to white, 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
2. Rosa montezumae Humb. & Bonpl.; Redouté, Roses 1: 55. 1817.
Rosa mexicana Willd. (Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 555. 1825, as synonym) ; Crép.
Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 11: 82. 1872.
Mountains of Mexico and Hidalgo; type from the mountains of the Valley of
Mexico. :
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets 3 to 7, oval, acute, 1 to 2 cm. long; petals
pink, 1.5 to 1.8 cm. long; fruit red. ‘ Garambullo,” “ufia de gato,” ‘‘ rosa de
Moctezuma,” ‘‘ cinorrod6én,” “ agabanzo,” “‘escaramujo” (Valley of Mexico) ;
“trompillo ” (Hidalgo, Villada).
The fruit is used in domestic medicine.
8. Rosa fendleri Crép. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 15: 91. 1876.
Mountains of northern Chihuahua. Northward to Montana and South Da-
kota; type from New Mexico.
Shrub, 1 meter high er less; leaflets 5 or 7, 1 to 3 em. long; petals pink, 1.5 em.
long; fruit red.
4. Rosa californica Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 2: 35. 1827.
Baja California. California; type from San Francisco.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaflets 5 or 7, 1 to 2 em. long; petals pink, 1.5 to
2.5 em. long.
5. Rosa serrulata Raf. Ann. Gén. Phys. 5: 218. 1820.
Rosa mexicana S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 354. 1882. Not R. mexicana
Willd. 1825.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén. Eastern United States; type from New York.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaflets usually 5, 1 to 4 em. long; petals pink,
1.5 to 2.5 em. long.
61. MALACEAE. Apple Family.
Trees or shrubs, sometimes armed with spines; leaves alternate, stipulate,
dentate or lobate; flowers perfect, solitary, racemose, corymbose, or cymose,
often large and showy; petals 5; stamens usually numerous; fruit a pome, this
consisting of the much enlarged, fleshy calyx tube, inclosing the papery or
leathery seedlike carpels.
Several important cultivated fruit trees belong to this family, chief of which
are the following: The apple, Malus sylvestris Mill. (“‘manzano,” the tree,
“manzana,” the fruit; ‘“ belehui,” Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko; “ tnutinumi,” Oaxaca,
Mixtec, Reko) ; the pear, Pyrus communis L. (“ peral”); the quince, Cydonia
oblonga Mill. (“ membrillo”); and the loquat, Hriobotrya japonica Lindl.
(“nispero”). All these are natives of the Old World. Bustamente states’
*In his edition of Andrés Cavo’s ‘Los Tres Siglos de México, p. 6. 1852.
.
|
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 8385
that the first apple trees were brought to Mexico by Gregorio L6pez, and planted
in Jalisco about 1522. Clavigero relates that the Jesuits planted apple trees in
Baja California in the 18th century.
Carpels of the fruit hard and bonelike; plants usually armed with spines.
1. CRATAEGUS.
Carpels of the fruit thin and papery; plants without spines.
Mroipdarcze, 2iemvinidiameter-or larger’ 12200 .o stent Tone 2. PHOTINIA.
Fruit small, 1 em. in diameter or smaller.
Leaves oblong or lanceolate, 8 to 10 cm. long, dentate__3. HETEROMELES.
Leaves rounded or oval, 5 cm. long or shorter, entire or obscurely dentate.
4. AMELANCHIER.
1. CRATAEGUS L. Sp. Pl. 475. 1753.
REFERENCE: Eggleston, Bull. Torrey Club 36: 501-514. 1909.
Shrubs or small trees with dark brown, scaly bark, nearly always armed
with long stout spines; leaves dentate or lobate, petiolate, deciduous; flowers
white, corymbose, strong-scented, the odor often very disagreeable; fruit
usually globose or pyriform; wood hard and tough.
The species (in the United States called “hawthorn” and ‘red haw’’) are
known in Mexico under the name ‘“ tejocote” or “texocotl.” Buelna gives
the Otomi names as “ dopri,” “ dopini,” and “vipeni.” The fruit is highly
valued and is a common article in the markets. It is eaten raw or more com-
_ monly made into jelly or preserves. The trees are often cultivated. The fruit
is reputed to have pectoral properties, although, apparently without sufficient
basis. The roots are used in domestic medicine because of their supposed
diuretic and antidysenteric properties. The wood, which is hard and compact,
is used for various purposes.
Mexican specimens of the genus are reported by Sessé and Mocifio'’ as
Crataegus crus-galli and Mespilus pyracantha.
Branchlets, corymbs, and lower surface of leaves glabrous. Fruit red.
1. C. baroussana.
Branchlets, corymbs, and lower surface of leaves tomentose.
Leaf blades broadly ovate, tomentose on both sides. Stamens about 10;
styles 4 or 5; calyx lobes serrate; fruit red____________ 2. C. greggiana.
Leaf blades mostly elliptic, lanceolate, or obovate.
Stamens 5 to 10. Styles 3 or 4; calyx lobes serrate; fruit red, with 3 or 4
PUGH tL Sees oop APS id tN a a Lt eR A ek ey 3. C. rosei.
Stamens about 20.
Calyx lobes serrate. Styles usually 2 or 3; fruit yellow, with 2 or 3
MAUNEICUS obi tee ye bh he ae ee! 4. C. pubescens.
Calyx lobes entire.
Leaf blades oblanceolate or obovate____________-______ 5. C. stipulosa.
Leaf blades mostly lanceolate or elliptic.
Styles 2 or 3; leaves glabrous on the upper surface. Fruit yellow,
Wilby 2) OF) SoM tle LS me pe fh oe ets a ek 6. C. parryana.
Styles 3 to 5; leaves tomentose on the upper surface.
Leaf blades 3 to 9 em. long; styles usually 8 or 4. Fruit
QUANG Ce on ey cece ooo rhe pene be cope tc nee 7. C. mexicana.
Leaf blades 1.5 to 5 cm. long; styles usually 4 or 5__8. C. nelsoni.
1. Crataegus baroussana Eggleston, Torreya 7: 35. 1906.
Coahuila; type from mountains near Saltillo.
Pl. Nov. Hisp. 84, 85. 1887.
336 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Tree, 3.5 to 5.5 meters high; leaves elliptic-oval, 3 to 7 cm. long, serrate.and —
shallowly lobed, bright green; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter.
2.- Crataegus greggiana Eggleston, Bull. Torrey Club 36: 511. 1909.
Coahuila; type from Saltillo.
Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high, the trunk 15 to 30 cm. thick; spines 7 cm. long or
shorter; leaves 4 to 7 em. long, coarsely serrate.
8. Crataegus rosei Eggleston, Bull. Torrey Club 36: 509. 1909.
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi and Durango; type from Alv4rez, San Luis —
Potosi.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 9 meters high, the trunk up to 37 cm. in diameter;
leaves 2.5 to 4 em. long, serrate, lustrous; fruit often 1.5 cm. in diameter.
Wood white, tough, and durable; used for tool handles.
4. Crataegus pubescens (H. B. K.) Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 4383. 1841.
Mespilus pubescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 218. pl. 565. 1824.
Crataegus pubescens botterii Eggleston, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 506. 1909.
Veracruz, Hidalgo, and Oaxaca; type from Moran, Hidalgo.
Tree, sometimes 10 meters high; leaves 3 to 8 cm. long, finely serrate or on
young branches deeply lobate; fruit about 12 mm. long.
5. Crataegus stipulosa (H. B. K.) Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 433. 1841. é
Mespilus stipulosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 213. 1824. =f
Chiapas. Guatemala to Ecuador (type locality). Rt
Tree; leaves 4 to 8 cm. long, acute or obtuse, tomentose beneath, finely ser-
rate; fruit sometimes 2.5 cm. in diameter. :
6. Crataegus parryana Hggieston, Bull. Torrey Club 36: 510. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, Alvarez, San Luis Potosi.
Shrub or small tree, up to 4.5 meters high. ‘“ Tejocote ameco.”’
7. Crataegus mexicana Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 2: 629. 1825.
Crataegus subserrata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 10. 1839.
Crataegus hypolasia Koch, Hort. Dendr. 167. 1853. 1
Crataegus mexicana microsperma Eggleston, Bull. Torrey Club 36: 508. 1909.
San Luis Potosi to Jalisco, Oaxaca, and Veracruz.
Tree about 6 meters high; spines often very large and stout; leaves thick,
lustrous, serrate or shallowly lobate; fruit 1 to 2 cm. in diameter. ‘‘ Manza- ;
nita tejocotera’’ (Oaxaca).
8. Crataegus nelsoni Eggleston, Bull. Torrey Club 36: 512. 1909.
Known only from the type locality near San Crist6bal, Chiapas, altitude 2,100
to 2,640 meters.
Spines stout, 4 to 6 em. long; leaves lustrous, serrate and shallowly lobate.
2. PHOTINIA Lindl. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 18: 103. 1821.
1. Photinia mexicana (Baill.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 380. 1880.
Chamaemeles mexicana Baill. Adansonia 9: 148. 1869.
In forests, mountains of Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Veracruz.
Tree, about 9 meters high; leaves oblong, elliptic, or oval, 5 to 12 cm. long,
petiolate, rounded to acutish at apex, shallowly crenate, thick, bright green,
lustrous; flowers cymose-paniculate, brown-tomentose; fruit subglobose, usually
8 to 4 em. in diameter, rough, tomentose when young; seeds dark reddish brown,
1.5 em. long. “ Peral silvestre” (Oaxaca).
The fruit somewhat resembles a small pear. It is said to be of good flavor.
This plant is probably the one reported by Sessé and Mocifio* as Crataegus
indica. .
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 84. 1887.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 337
8. HETEROMELES M, Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 3: 105. 1837.
1. Heteromeles salicifolia (Presl) Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 381. 1910.
Crataegus arbutifolia Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 202. 1811. Not ©. arbutifolia
Lam. 1783.
Photinia arbutifolia Lindl. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 18: 103. 1821.
Heteromeles arbutifolia M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 3: 105. 1847.
Photinia salicifolia Presl, Epim. Bot. 204. 1849.
Baja California, ranging from sea level up to 1,680 meters. California;
type from Monterey.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 9 meters high, sometimes with a trunk 45 ecm. in di-
ameter; bark thick, light gray, shallowly fissured; leaves persistent, oblong,
acute, 8 to 10 em. long, dentate; flowers small, white, in large panicles; fruit
red or yellow, about 1 cm. long, astringent; wood hard, close-grained, reddish
brown, its specific gravity about 0.98.
The tree is known in California as ‘ tollon,” ‘‘ Christmas-berry,” and ‘“ Cali-
fornia holly.” It is often used for Christmas decorations. The fruit is edible.
4, AMELANCHIER Medic. Phil. Bot. 1: 155. 1789.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves petiolate, persistent or deciduous, entire or
denticulate; flowers racemose, solitary, or clustered, white, rather showy; fruit
a small, juicy pome.
Leaves small, 0.7 to 1.8 em. wide, the lateral nerves not very conspicuous be-
neath; calyx usually glabrous outside; inflorescence commonly short and
CUVDT) TEN AND oe 00 eee et ee Se PO SO) ee | a 1. A. denticulata.
Leaves large, usually 2.3 em. wide, the lateral nerves coarse and very conspicu-
ous beneath; calyx densely white-tomentose outside; inflorescence elongate,
MACOMOSE 2s - vee Sas eye eely Oh ee A eee et _fs 2. A. nervosa.
1. Amelanchier denticulata (H. B. K.) Koch, Dendrol. 1: 183. 1869.
Cotoneaster denticulata H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 169. pl. 556. 18238.
Nagelia denticulata Lindl. Bot. Reg. 31: Mise. 40. 1845.
Crataegus minor Sessé & Moc. Pl. Noy. Hisp. 84. 1887.
Chihuahua and Coahuila to Mexico and Oaxaca; type from Actopan, Hidalgo.
Erect shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high, densely branched, the branches gray or
brown; leaves 1 to 2.5 cm. long, entire or denticulate; flowers about 1 cm.
broad ; fruit red, dark purple, or black, 8 to 10 mm. long. “ Membrillito” (Vera-
eruz); “membrillo cimarron,”’ “ tlaxisqui,” ‘“ tlaxistle” (Valley of Mexico) ;
“membrillo”’ (Oaxaca) ; ‘madronillo”” (Coahuila).
The fruit is edible. The stems, according to Herrera, are made into canes,
known as ‘“ yaritas de Apizaco,” which are notable for their flexibility. In the
typical form of the species the calyx is tomentose outside, but in most of the
specimens the calyx is glabrous. The northern (glabrous) form may be a dis-
tinct species, but there seem to be some intermediate specimens. Crataegus
inernuis Sessé & Moc.' is perhaps another synonym of this species.
2. Amelanchier nervosa (Decaisne) Standl.
Cotoneaster nervosa Decaisne, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris 10: 177. 1874.
Chiapas and Oaxaca.
Leaves 3 to 4.5 em. long, very thick, bright green on the upper surface, white
or gray-tomentose beneath, usually entire.
* Pl. Noy. Hisp. 84. 1887.
338 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
‘
62. AMYGDALACEAE. Almond Family.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire or serrate, persistent or deciduous,
stipulate; flowers perfect, often showy, usually solitary, cymose, corymbose, or
racemose; petals 5; stamens numerous; fruit a drupe.
Style subterminal; leaves often serrate_________________________ 1. PRUNUS.
Style basilar; leaves entire.
Stamens 3 to 10.
TEL SY PUES AS GK OV a Emm OV ga 08 B aU 2 li a a Ly es a hs cnn lt Bo 2. LICANTA.
J Sj EST PS yo 9 el ee a A Re 8 i a ae a es 3. HIRTELLA.
Stamens 15 to many.
ENTE ES neat ClLONn Sate set a ee ee eee eee er een 4, LECOSTEMON.
Anthers short, didymous or rounded.
Calyx tube elongate; inflorescence racemose or paniculate; ovary adnate
tostherthroat. of, the Galyxt2e. = ies ee ee eee 5. COUEPIA.
Calyx tube campanulate; inflorescence cymose; Ovary sessile in the bot-
CONT COR ME KCal yxe 2 See Se ee ee 6. CHRYSOBALANUS.
1. PRUNUS L. Sp. Pl. 473. 1753.
REFERENCE: Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: 279-333. 1915.
Trees or shrubs; leaves serrate or entire, the teeth often gland-tipped ; flowers
solitary, corymbose, umbellate, or racemose; fruit glabrous or pubescent.
Several important fruit trees of this genus are cultivated in Mexico, chief of
which are the following: The peach, Prunus persica (L.) Sieb. & Zuec.,
“durazno,” “melocot6én,” “ prisco,”’ “albérchigo,” ‘“ pahsh’” (Mixe, Belmar),
“ Gheanza,” “ixi” (Otomi, Buelna) ; the apricot, P. armeniaca L., “ chabacano,”
“ albaricoque,” “-damasco”’; the almond, P. communis (L.) Fritsch, “ almen-
dro” (the tree), “almendra” (the fruit); various plums, P. domestica L..
P. insititia L., ete., ‘“ ciruelo,” “ ciruelo de Espana”; and cherries, P. cerasus
L., ‘“cerezo,”’ (the tree), ‘“ cereza” (the fruit), “guindo.” All these were
doubtless introduced into Mexico by the Spaniards at an early date. It is of
interest to note that peaches were probably introduced into the United States
directly from Mexico. Havard remarks* upon the subject as follows:
“The Indians certainly exhibited commendable promptness and industry,
after the advent of the whites, in introducing such fruits as were shown to be
desirable. Thus the Peach brought to Mexico soon after the conquest was,
according to the testimony of Du Pratz, found in general cultivation among
the Indians of Louisiana when the French settled that province in 1698, and
had become abundant in Georgia at the time of the settlement of the English
in 1732. Wm. Bartram describes the carefully planted Orange groves of the
Indians which he noticed in 1773. The early introduction and propagation
of these two plants by the Indians led to the erroneous impression that they
were of American origin.”
Flowers solitary, fascicled, or umbellate; ovary often pubescent.
Flowers umbellate; fruit large, 1.8 to 2.5 em. long, glabrous__1. P. mexicana.
Flowers solitary or fasciculate; fruit usually less than 1 cm. long.
Ovaryeclabrouss. fu Vee ee eee eee eee 2. P. apodantha.
Ovary pubescent.
Leaves entire or nearly so.
heaves-oval-or-obovateaa 2 2S ee a eee 38. P. minutifiora.
Leaves’ linear-oblanceolate___i 2.2 -_ =. eer ee 4. P. fasciculata.
*V. Havard, Food plants of the North American Indians, Bull. Torrey Club
22: 98-123. 1895.
ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 339
Leaves serrate or serrulate.
Leaf blades orbicular or broadly ovate, finely serrate; flowers pedi-
colligte t at 4 anh tis Bt Nt fe sp egy sad dot 5. P. fremontii.
Leaf blades oblong or obovate, serrate; flowers subsessile.
6. P. microphylla.
Flowers racemose; ovary glabrous.
Racemes terminating short leafy branches; leaves finely serrulate.
Leaf blades mostly 4 to 6 em. long, obtuse or acute; racemes 4 to 6
CSTD sah OY ee se PE ae ag Oe ee tg es a Wowk. WATeNns,
4 Leaf blades mostly 6.5 to 10 cm. long, abruptly acuminate or long-
: acuminate; racemes usually 7 to 15 em. long____________ 8. P. capuli.
Racemes axillary, naked; leaves entire or coarsely serrate or dentate.
Leaves serrate or dentate, or rarely entire, the fruit then 1.5 to 2 cm.
long.
NECR VES KC HLE Giese. Beye = aah ar Beenie pave es ne ER a a 9: Palyonit
Leaves serrate or dentate.
Leaf blades suborbicular or rounded-ovate; racemes equaling or longer
Ghanpthe rl eaves Aenees Sap pr aint tte ate ge 2S ee Se 10. P. ilicifolia.
Leaf blades lance-oblong; racemes much shorter than the leaves.
11. P. prionophylla.
Leaves entire.
Calyx persistent beneath the fruit. Leaves barbate beneath.
12. P. rhamnoides.
Ce SO a A, ae eat
4 Caiyx deciduous.
: Calyx villous within at the base; petals barbate above the base.
13. P. cortapico.
Calyx glabrous within; petals glabrous.
Racemes all or mostly in clusters of 2 to 4______ 14. P. samydoides.
Racemes solitary.
Leaf blades without glands beneath; branches tubereulate by the
elevatedMenficel gle Ay. CLveth ey ARE, oes 15. P. tubercuiata.
Leaf blades with 2 or more glands beneath near the base;
branches smooth or nearly so.
Glands 3 or 4 beneath, 2 of them near the base close to the
costa, the others near the lateral veins__16. P. tetradenia.
Glands 2, at the base of the blade near the costa.
Petioles 5 to 10 mm. long; petals 2.3 to 2.7 mm. long; anthers
1 to 1.2 mm. long; stigma 1.3 to 1.5 mm. broad.
17. P. erythroxylon.
Petioles 12 to 22 mm. long: petals 1.5 to 2 mm. long; anthers
0.6 to 0.8 mm. long; stigma 0.4 to 1 mm. broad.
18. P. brachybotrya.
1. Prunus mexicana 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 353. 1882.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; type from Lerios, Coahuila. Southern United
States.
Small tree; leaves lanceolate or ovate, 5 to 12 cm. long; flowers white, 2 em.
broad ; fruit purplish red, with a bluish bloom, sometimes 2.5 cm. in diameter.
This species has often been confused with P. americana Marsh. and P. nigra
Ait., both natives of the United States. Those two species are the source of
many of the cultivated plums. In the wild state the fruit is of fair quality, but
it is greatly improved by cultivation. There is reason to believe that these
wild plums were cultivated by the Indians, although, as Havard remarks, the
Indian orchards were perhaps only the result of seeds accidentally dropped
about villages and camping grounds.
340 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Prunus apodantha Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 68. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, Rio Hondo, State of Mexico.
Shrub, 60 cm. high; leaves oval, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, obtuse,
crenate-serrate, pilose beneath; petals 3.8 mm. long.
8. Prunus minutiflora Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 185. 1850.
Reported from Chihuahua. Western Texas; type collected between San
Antonio and New Braunfels.
Shrub 30 to 60 em. high, densely branched; leaves 1 to 2 em. long, pubescent
beneath or glabrate; fruit 8 to 12 mm. long.
4. Prunus fasciculata (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc, Amer. Acad. 10: 70. 1874.
Emplectocladus fasciculatus Torr. in Frém. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 10.
pl. 5. 1850.
Amygdalus fasciculata Greene, Fl. Franc. 49. 1891.
Baja California, on dry slopes. Southern California (type locality) to Utah
and Arizona.
Densely branched shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, with gray bark; leaves 1 to
1.5 cm. long; flowers very small, the petals white, linear; fruit 10 to 12 mm.
long, densely pubescent, with very thin flesh.
5. Prunus fremontii S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 442. 1880.
Amygdalus fremontii Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 385. 1910.
Northern Baja California. Southern California, the type from San Diego
County.
Shrub, sometimes 4.5 meters high, with stiff spinescent branches; leaves
about 1 cm. long, thin, deciduous; flowers white, about 1 cm. broad.
6. Prunus microphylla (H. B. K.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 368.
1888.
Amygdalus microphylla H, B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 248. pl. 564. 1823.
San Luis Potosi to Hidalgo; type collected between Pachuca and Moran,
at an altitude of 2,340 meters.
Shrub, about a meter high, densely branched; leaves 1 to 1.5 cm. long;
flowers small, white.
7%. Prunus virens (Woot. & Standl.) Standl.
Prunus salicifolia acutifolia S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 411. 1887.
Padus virens Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 132. 1913.
In mountain canyons, Chihuahua and Sonora to Durango and San Luis
Potosi. Southern Arizona to western Texas; type from Organ Mountains,
New Mexico.
Tree, usually about 7 meters high, with smooth, thin, reddish brown bark,
the top broad and spreading, dense; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, bright
green; flowers small, white; fruit black, about 1 cm. in diameter, sweet,
edible.
Perhaps not sufficiently distinct from P. capuli.
8. Prunus capuli Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. (Madrid) 2: 110. 1800.
Prunus salicifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 190. pl. 568. 1823.
Cerasus capollin DC.; Seringe in DC. Prodr. 2: 539. 1825.
Sonora to Chiapas and Veracruz. Guatemala to Peru; type from Ecuador.
Shrub or usually a tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with a trunk nearly a
meter in diameter, the bark reddish brown or grayish, nearly smooth, the
crown broad; leaves lanceolate to ovate, lustrous, nearly glabrous; fiowers
small, white; fruit red or black, 1 cm. in diameter or smaller. Generally
known as “capulin,” “ capulf,’ or “ capollin” (the name doubtless applied to
other species also, and applied to this species in Peru and Ecuador) ; “ tnun-
"> Ww «
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 341
daya” (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko); “xeugua” (Michoacin, Leén); “cerezo”
(Guatemala); “pa kshmuk” (Mixe, Belmar); “detze,’ “ghohto” (Otomi
Buelna).
- The wood is of good quality and is much used for general carpentry and
cabinet work. The large juicy fruit is highly esteemed, and for this reason
the trees are sometimes planted about houses. In early times, at least, an
intoxicating drink was made from the fruit. The juice or the fruits are
sometimes mixed with cornmeal to make a kind of cake known as “ capulta-
mal” or “capoltamalli.” The bark, leaves, or seeds, when crushed in con-
tact with water, develop hydrocyanic acid, and under proper conditions they
may poison animals which eat them; the same is true of other members of
the genus. The distilled water of the leaves is substituted in Mexico for
cherry laurel water, and has the same antispasmodic properties. A decoc-
tion of the bark is employed for dysentery and is reputed also. without suf-
ficient basis apparently, to have febrifuge properties, The bark of Prunus sero-
tina Ehrh. of the United States, a closely similar species, is official in the
U. S. Pharmacopoeia. It has tonic properties and the power of calming
irritation and diminishing nervous excitability. It has been employed exten:
sively for the hectic fever which accompanies scrofula and tuberculosis. The
fruit of the same species has been much used for flavoring spirituous liquors
and various nonintoxicating beverages.
The fruit of Prunus capuli is mentioned by the earliest Spanish visitors to
Mexico. Bernal Diaz del Castillo, in relating the hardships of the siege of
Mexico in 1521, when the Spaniards and their allies were often in the direst
straits for want of food, says, “Corn we had sufficiency of, but we wanted
refreshments for the wounded. What preserved us was the plant called
quilites, cherries while in season, and tunas or Indian figs.” Sahagfin treats
of the tree under the name “capulin.” The juice of the leaves and young
shoots, he states, was dropped into the eyes to heal inflammation, and the
kernels of the seeds were roasted and eaten. Hernandez also treats of the
plant in a chapter,’ accompanied by a figure, entitled ‘De Capolin, seu
Ceraso dulci indica.” ‘‘ The fruits,’ he says, ‘are slightly acid and astringent,
although when fully-ripe they are sweet and lose a great part of their harsh-
ness; and by some persons they are considered in no wise inferior to our
cherries. In nature they are hot, dry, and somewhat astringent. They are
made into bread and wine in times of scarcity. They furnish a sad food, and
one which is hurtful in a way to the heart; and they impart a black color
to the teeth if they are eaten for a long time, but this can be removed easily
with attention and dentifrices; and there are not lacking persons who prefer
these to all the other spring fruits, even those of the Old World. The tree
flowers in spring and bears fruit nearly all summer long. It thrives in tem-
perate regions, such as Mexico, where these trees grow in the gardens and
plains, cultivated or wild. The decoction of the bark, put in the sun for
fifteen days, and drunk in a dose of a drachm, cures dysentery; and the pow-
dered bark removes ulcers from the eyes. clears the vision, and relieves in-
flammation of the eyes; and it moistens the tongue if it be dry from burning
fever, as does also the liquor or juice from the young shoots.”
9. Prunus lyoni (Eastw.) Sarg. Pl. Wilson. 74. 1911.
Cerasus lyoni Eastw. Handb. Trees Calif. 54. 1905.
Prunus ilicifolia integrifolia Sudw. Gard. & For. 4: 51. 1891.
Prunus integrifolia Sarg. Man. Trees N. Amer. 531. 1905.
*Thesaurus 95. 1651.
342 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Reported from northern Baja California. Southern California.
Tree, sometimes 12 meters high, with a trunk 45 em. in diameter; bark thick,
gray; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 5 to 8 cm. long, acute, leathery; fruit
purple, rounded, 1.5 to 2 em. in diameter.
10. Prunus ilicifolia (Nutt.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 10. 1843.
Cerasus ilicifolia Nutt.; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 340. 1832.
Laurocerasus ilicifolia Roem. Syn. Rosifl. 92. 1847.
Baja California, on mesas and in canyons. California; type from Santa
Barbara.
Shrub or, northward, a tree 10 meters high; bark thick, reddish brown, fis-
sured; leaves 6 cm. long or shorter, with spiny teeth; fruit subglobose, purple
or reddish yellow, about 1.5 cm. in diameter; wood hard, strong, its specific
gravity about 0.98. “Islay” (Baja California, California; sometimes written
““yslay”’).
The fruit of the holly-leaf cherry is edible, but the fiesh, although of good
flavor, is very scant. It is gathered by the people of Baja California. The
Coahuilla Indians of California made use of the seeds for food. These were
gathered in large quantities and spread in the sun to dry. They were then
eracked and the kernels extracted and crushed in a mortar, then leached in a
sand basket through which water was poured. The meal thus obtained was
made into atole.
11. Prunus prionophylla Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 213. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Ixtaccihuatl, at an altitude of 2,100 to
2,400 meters. :
Leaves about 10 em. long, persistent, acute, serrate.
12. Prunus rhamnoides Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: 283, 1915.
Jalisco and Durango. Guatemala; type from San Miguel Uspantan.
Tree, 7.5 to 15 meters high; leayes ovate or lanceolate, 5.5 to 9'cm. long,
attenuate, bright green; fowers about 5 mm. broad. “Iza” (Durango).
The Mexican specimens are variable but do not seem pare a) different
from the type. Reputed poisonous to cattle.
13. Prunus cortapico Kerber; Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: 307. 1915.
Kuown only from Colima, the type locality.
Tree with lance-oblong leaves; racemes much shorter than the leaves. ‘“‘ Cor-
tapico,” “ carretero.”
14. Prunus samydoides Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 92. 1839.
Laurocerasus samydoides Roem. Syn. Rosifl. 3: 92. 1847.
Veracruz to Hidalgo; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Small tree; leaves oval-lanceolate, 9 cm, long or smaller, persistent, glabrous.
15. Prunus tuberculata Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: 308. 1915.
Known only from the type locality, Monte Pelado, Oaxaca.
Tree; leaves lance-oblong; racemes much shorter than the leaves.
16. Prunus tetradenia Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: 309. 1915.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected between Misantla and Naolinco, Vera-
cruz.
Shrub; leaves oblong-lanceolate to oval, 6 to 15 cm. long, acute, bright green.
17. Prunus erythroxylon Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: 309. 1915.
Colima and Michoacén; type from Mesa del Cerrero, near Colima.
Tree with hard wood; leaves oblong to oval, 14 cm. long or less, coriaceous;
flowers about 8 mm. broad; fruit black.
Perhaps not sufficiently distinct from the next species.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 343
18. Prunus brachybotrya Zuce. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Mtinchen 2: 348, 1837.
Prunus laurifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 91. 1839.
Prunus schiedeana Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 404. 1841.
Laurocerasus mexicana Roem. Syn. Rosifl. 3: 90. 1847.
Laurocerasus brachybotrya Roem. Syn. Rosifl. 3: 91. 1847.
Veracruz to Oaxaca.
Tree, sometimes very large, with large, oblong to oval, bright green leaves.
“ Cerezo” (Oaxaca).
DOUBTFUL OR EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Hemsley reported Prunus demissa (Nutt.) Walp. and P. virginiana L. from
Mexico, but the reports are doubtless based on incorrect determinations.
PRUNUS FERRUGINEA (Seringe) Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 400. 1841. Cerasus
ferruginea Seringe in DC. Prodr. 2: 540. 1825. Described from Mexico. Said to
have obovate leaves. Probably not of this genus.
2. LICANTIA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1:119. 1775.
Trees, glabrous or pubescent; leaves small or large, short-petiolate; flowers
small, paniculate; fruit often very large.
Leaves 2 to 3 cm. wide, glabrous. Ovary glabrous______________ 1. L. retifolia.
Leaves 5.5 to 12 em. wide, often pubescent.
Leaves oval or rounded-oval, 8.5 to 18 cm. long, Browdly, rounded or subecordate
at base, tomentulose beneath when younz; ovary glabrous.
2. L. arborea.
Leaves oblong to oblong-oblanceolate, 16 to 35 cm. long or larger, rounded or
acute at base, glabrous or nearly so beneath; ovary strigillose.
3. L. platypus.
1. Licania retifolia Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52:66. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro de los Cajones, Michoacan or Guer-
rero, altitude 1,000 meters.
Tree, 5 to 8 meters high; leaves lanceolate or obovate, 4.3 to 10 cm. long, acute
to rounded at apex, bright green ; flowers small, greenish white.
2. Licania arborea Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 118. pl. 25. 1853.
Licania seleriana Loes. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 53:55. 1911.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; reported from Morelos and Michoacin. Central Amer-
ica; type from Panama.
_ Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high or larger; leaves short-petiolate, thick, pale beneath,
the venation very conspicuous; panicles 15 to 20 cm. long, the flowers yellowish ;
fruit 2.5 cm. long or larger, containing a single large oily seed. ‘ Cacahua-
nanche,” “ cacahuate,” ‘“ cacahoanantzin,” ‘‘ quirindol cacahuananche,” “ qui-
rindal,” “cana dulce,” ‘“ cacahoananche” (Guerrero, Morelos, Oaxaca, etc.) ;
oe éralleciile, “palo de fraile,” “totopostle”” (Oaxaca) ; “ alcornoque” (Costa
Rica); “encina’’ (Guatemala, Honduras).
The seeds contain about 30 per cent of oil, and burn readily when ignited.
They are often strung on sticks and used for illuminating purposes. The oil is
extracted in large quantities and is used for making candles, soap, axle grease,
ete. It has a peculiar odor and a disagreeable flavor, and a green color which
it imparts to soap made from it.
*See J. C. Segura & M. D. Cordero, Resefia sobre el cultivo de algunas plantas
industriales, pp. 33-40. 1884.
55268—22—_12
344 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The writer has seen no authentic material of L. seleriana, but from the de-
scription it does not appear essentially different.
8. Licania platypus (Hemsl.) Fritsch, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 4: 53.
1889. ,
Moquilea platypus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 366. 1880.
Oaxaca. Central America; type from Granada, Nicaragua.
Tree, 10 to 15 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, rounded to short-acuminate
at the apex; panicles large, many-flowered ; fruit obovoid, 13 em. long or larger,
rough, edible. ‘Mesonzapote” (from mezontli, the crown of leaves left after
cutting the heart of the maguwey, and zapote) ; “‘caca de nifio,” “ zapote ama-
rillo,’ ‘zapote borracho,” ‘“ zapote cabello” (Oaxaca); ‘“ zapote” (Costa
Rica).
8. HIRTELLA L. Sp. Pl. 32. 1753.
1. Hirtella americana Aubl. Pl. Guian. 247. pl. 98. 1775.
Hirtella oblongifolia DC. Prodr, 2: 529. 1825.
? Hirtella acavacensis DC. Prodr. 2: 529. 1825.
Guerrero to Chiapas and Tabasco. Central America and South America ;
type from French Guiana. ;
Shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high, with hirsute stems; leaves oblong, elliptic, or
oblong-ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, with an obtuse tip, short-
petiolate; flowers small, in long loose racemes, the petals pink or purplish,
the stamens long-exserted; fruit about 1 em. long. “Icaquillo” (Tabasco,
Oaxaca) ; “ cajetillo” (Guerrero) ; “icaco de aura,” “teta de yegua” (Cuba).
The bark is said to be astringent, and that of some species is used in Brazil
for tanning.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
HirmTELLA CASTANEA D. C. Prodr, 2: 528. 1825. Based upon a drawing by
Mocifio and Sessé, believed to represent a Mexican plant, Probably the same
as H. triandra Swartz.
4. LECOSTEMON Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 2: 539. 1825.
1. Lecostemon terniflorum Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 2: 539. 1825.
Described from Mexico, but not known from specimens.
Shrub; leaves oval or obvate-oval, rounded to acutish at apex; peduncles
3-flowered.
The plant is altogether doubtful, and nothing which closely resembles it
has been collected recently. Other species are known from South America.
5. COUEPIA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 519. 1775.
Trees or shrubs; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous; flowers paniculate,
small, tomentulose; fruit often large.
SfAmMens Wor tO. obese ten RARE RE he ee RE ae See 1. C. polyandra.
Rramens. 10 t0 dost > eee. wig? EOI OS 2 RE OES 2. C. dodecandra.
1. Couepia polyandra (H. B. K.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 196. 1899.
Hirtella polyandra H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 246. pl. 565. 1821.
Couepia kunthiana Benth.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 367. 1880.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 8 meters high; leaves oblong or oval, 5.5 to 13 cm. long,
rounded or short-acuminate at apex, whitish-tomentose beneath; flowers about
1 cm. long, cream-colored, in short dense panicles; fruit obovoid, yellow, some-
times 7.5 em. long, edible. “ Zapotillo” (Tepic, Guerrero) ; “ zapote amarillo”
(Guerrero) ; ‘“ guayabito de tinta” (Sinaloa).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 845
2. Couepia dodecandra (DC.) Hemsl. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 27: pl. 2620, 2621.
1899.
Hirtella dodecandra DC, Prodr. 2: 529. 1825.
Type from somewhere in Mexico; cultivated in Tabasco and British Hon-
duras.
Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high, leaves oblong, 5 to 15 em. long, tomentose beneath;
fruit ellipsoid, 5 to 6.5 cm. long, 1 or 2-seeded. ‘“‘ Pio,” “ uspfo” (Tabasco).
Known in British Honduras as “ baboon-cap.” Fruit said to be edible.
6. CHRYSOBALANUS L. Sp. Pl. 513. 1753.
1. Chrysobalanus icaco L. Sp. Pl. 513. 1753.
Along the coast, Tamaulipas to Yucatén; Guerrero to Oaxaca. Widely
distributed in tropical America and western Africa; type from Jamaica.
Low shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, or said sometimes to be a tree 9 meters high,
with a trunk 30 cm. in diameter; bark thin, scaly, brownish gray; leaves per-
sistent, broadly elliptic to orbicular, 5 to 7 em. long, nearly sessile, leathery ;
flowers cymose, small, whitish; fruit globose or nearly so, 2 to 4 em. in diam-
eter, creamy white, pink, purple, or blue-black, the flesh white, sweet, juicy;
wood hard, strong, close-grained, light brown, its specific gravity about 0.77.
“Teaco,” “ hicaco,” or “ jicaco”’ (Chiapas, Veracruz, Yucatén, Oaxaca, Guerrero,
Tamaulipas, Guatemala, Honduras, Porto Rico; the name of Antillean oneuNe :
“xicaco”’ (Oaxaca, Seler).
The English names are “ cocoa-plum ” and “ pigeon-plum.” The bark, leaves,
and root are astringent and have been used for dysentery, etc. The leaves and
fruit furnish a black dye. The seeds contain a large amount of oil, and by the
Caribs they were strung on sticks and burnt like candles. The seeds are edible
also. The fruit is highly valued in some parts of Mexico and elsewhere in tropi-
cal America and was a favorite food of the Caribs. It is astringent until per-
fectly ripe, when it is sweet and insipid. It is eaten raw but more often made
into preserves, which are sold in Mexican markets. For an illustration of a
fruiting branch see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 26.
The ‘“ hicaco” is well described by Oviedo (Lib. VIII, Cap. IX). ‘“ The skin
of the fruit,” he writes, “ has some resemblance to that on a monkey’s face; for
no matter how young a monkey is, it seems old because of its wrinkles, and like-
wise the hicaco fruit, no matter how fresh it may be, is always full of wrinkles.”
63. CONNARACKEAE. Connarus Family.
REFERENCE: Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 22: 233-236. 1908.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, estipulate, odd-pinnate, the leaflets entire;
flowers small, perfect, paniculate; fruit a 1-seeded follicle.
Calyx lobes imbricate, accrescent in age___-___--_--_______---_-_ 1. ROUREA.
Calyx lobes valvate, not accrescent________ aa TO “ee 2. CNESTIDIUM.
1. ROUREA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 467. 1775.
1. Rourea glabra H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 41. 1824.
Rourea oblongifolia Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 283. 1836.
Tamaulipas to Tepic and southward. Central America to Venezuela; West
Indies; type from the Rio Orinoco.
Scandent or erect shrub; leaflets 3 or 5, oblong to ovate-elliptic, 3 to 12 em.
long, acuminate, thick, lustrous, glabrous; panicles few or many-flowered, pubes-
cent; petals white; fruit 1 to 1.7 cm. long, the seeds large, dark brown, with a
large orange aril. ‘“ Chilillo’” (Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) ; “ chilillo de la
Huasteca”’ (Guerrero, Tepic, Veracruz); “chilillo venenoso” (Tepic, Vera-
346 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
eruz) ; “palo de chilillo” (Puebla) ; “ canjura” (El Salvador) ; ‘ mata-negro ™
(Cuba) ; “ bejuco de garrote,” “ Juan caliente ”’ (Porto Rico).
The seeds, as well as other parts of the plant, are reported to be very poison-
ous, especially to caynivorous animals (they are even said to be harmless to
other orders of animals), and they are used for poisoning coyotes. They are em-
ployed also as a remedy for cutaneous diseases. The roots contain long re-
sisiant fibers and are used as cordage. They are said also to dye skins a bright
purple. The poisonous properties of Old World species of the genus are well
known.
2. CNESTIDIUM Planch. Linnaea 24: 439. 1850.
1. Cnestidium rufescens Planch. Linnaea 23: 440. 1850.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Tabasco. Cuba; Central America, the type from
Panama.
Subscandent shrub, 3 meters high or more; leaflets 5 to 9, ovate-oblong or
oblong-obovate, 3 to S em. long, obtuse or short-acuminate, velvety-pubescent be-
neath; fruit 1.5 cm. long, curved, brown-tomentose; seed tustrous, with a large
fleshy aril.
64. KRAMERIACEAE. Krameria Family.
1. KRAMERIA Loefl. Iter Hisp. 195. 1758.
Low, erect or procumbent skrubs with usually sericeous or strigose pu-
bescence; leaves alternate, estipulate, small, simple and entire or trifoliolate ;
flowers showy, perfect, solitary and axillary or racemose; sepals 4 or 5;
petals 5; stamens 4; fruit coriaceous, globose or nearly so, indehiscent, coy-
ered with numerous spines.
The dried roots of Krameria triandra Ruiz & Pavon, A. ivina L., and K.
argentea Mart., all South American species, are official in the U. 8S. Pharma-
copoeia. In commerce they are known as rhatany roots. They are used as a
tonic and powerful astringent in the case of chronic diarrhoea, passive hemor-
rhages. ete. The Mexican species probably have the same properties, and
their roots have been exported. The plants also yield a yellow or brownish
red dye, and are employed locally in Mexico for coloring wool and skins.
The roots of some species have been used in Europe for making ink, coloring
wine, and manufacture of dentifrices. The names “ encinilla” (Nuevo Leén)
and “guachapurillo”’ (Sinaloa) are reported for species of doubtful determi-
nation. The name Krameria iwina has been applied to some of the Mexican
species by Sessé and Mocifio* and other writers.
Heavesy3-foliolate:l t of syaiieiy yl uleiineg peta gee fl sein peel 1. K. cytisoides.
Leaves. simple.
EME EMONADTO US 2%... 7 vets Set tie 2 pyre 2 a Paonia Jee Re OG Cp almere
Fruit densely pilose or sericeous.
eaves petiolate, 5 to: 7, mm: wideo--= = <==) - =e = 8. K. cuspidata.
Leaves sessile, usually much less than 5 mm. wide.
Pedicels) denselyclandlaw. = = ee ee 4. K. glandulosa.
Pedicels not glandular.
Stems procumbent, chiefly herbaceous.
Flowers yellow; leaves sericeous______+---~-~--- 5. K. secundiflora.
Flowers, purple; leaves glabrate._._-__.__________ 6. K. prostrata.
Stems erect, often woody throughout.
Spines.of the fruit not barbed_.-___-—-__._ =+__.._- 7. K. ramosissima.
Spines of the fruit barbed.
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 18. 1887.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 347
Barbs stout, all borne at the apex of the spine, in an umbrella-
like whorl.
Upper petals, at least the middle one, with broad rounded
blad@s 2226 ee ee sete fd inka Be ryt 8. K. bicolor.
Upper petals with narrow, linear or lanceolate blades.
Plants densely leafy, the branches not conspicuously spinose ;
froity CloselyaSericeOuss< = 3-c- 2 ee 9. K. grayi.
Plants very sparsely leafy. the branches spinose; fruit with
spreading or loosely ascending hairs___10. K. paucifolia.
Barbs of the spines scattered along the upper part of the spine.
Body of the fruit strongly compressed_______ 11. K. parvifolia.
Body of the fruit very slightly or not at all compressed.
Body of the fruit 4 to 5 mm. thick, the spines short and stout.
12. K. revoluta.
Body of the fruit 6 to 7 mm. thick, the spines long and slender.
13. K. interior.
1. Krameria cytisoides Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 61. pl. 390. 1797. -
Krameria cinerea Schauer, Linnaea 20: 725. 1846.
Krameria ehrenbergii Gandog. Bull. Soe. Bot. France 60: 455. 1918.
Coahuila and Tamaulipas to Hidalgo and Puebla.
Erect shrub, 0.8 to 1.8 meters high; leaflets ocblong-oblanceolate or obovate,
2 cm. long or shorter, sericeous; flowers purplish, the sepals about 2 em. long.
“ Donapé.”
Roots used for dyeing wool.
2. Krameria palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 304. pl. 27. 1895.
Sinaloa and southern Sonora; type from Agiabampo, Senora.
Dense shrub, 60 to 90 cm. high; leaves linear, 1 to 2 cm. long; fruit yellowish
or purplish, about 8 mm. in diameter.
3. Krameria cuspidata Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2: 103. 1836.
Tepic to Oaxaca.
Low shrub; flowers purplish, about 8 mm. long. “ Viuxita’ (Oaxaca).
4. Krameria glandulosa Rose & Painter, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 108. 1906.
Dry mesas and hillsides, Chihuahua to Baja California. Western Texas to
Utah and California ; type from El Paso, Texas.
Low, densely branched shrub; leaves sericeous, 1 to 2 em. long; flowers rather
showy, purplish, 6 to 8 mm. long.
5. Krameria secundiflora DC. Prodr. 1: 341. 1824.
Krameria paucifiora DC. Prodr. 1: 341. 1824.
Chihuahua and Coahuila to Oaxaca.
Plants woody only near the base and scarcely to be classed as shrubs; leaves
linear or linear-lanceolate, 6 to 15 mm, long, acute; flowers yellowish, about
1 em. long. “ Zarzaparrilla” (San Luis Potsi) ; “ raiz de cuculillo” (Jalisco).
The long black roots somewhat resemble those of the commercial sarsaparilla.
6. Krameria prostrata T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 200. 1905.
Krameria diffusa Rose & Painter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 107. 1906.
Sinaloa to Zacatecas, Morelos, and Guerrero; type from Cofradia, Sinaloa.
Sim‘lar in habit to the preceding species, but with purplish flowers, these 1
to 1.5 em. long; leaves linear, 1 to 2 em. long, acute, green.
7. Krameria ramosissima (A. Gray) S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 326. 1882.
Krameria parvifolia ramosissima A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 41. 1852.
Tamaulipas, and reported from Coahuila and Nuevo Leén. Western Texas
(type locality).
348 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Densely branched shrub, 30 to 60 em. high; leaves linear, 6 mm. long or
shorter; flowers purplish. “ Calderona” (Tamaulipas).
8. Krameria bicolor S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 417. 1886.
Chihuahua to Sinaloa and Jalisco; type from Hacienda San José, Chihuahua.
Shrub, 0.9 to 1.5 meters high, with greenish stems; leaves lanceolate or
linear, sericeous; flowers purplish; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter.
9. Krameria grayi Rose & Painter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 108. 1906.
Krameria canescens A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:42. 1852. Not K. canescens
Willd. 1825.
Chihuahua and Coahuila. Western Texas (type locality) to southern Cal-
ifornia.
Densely branched shrub, 30 to 90 cm. high; leaves linear, densely sericeous;
flowers purple. ‘‘ Chacate” (Ramirez).
10. Krameria paucifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 108. 1906.
Krameria canescens paucifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 66. 1890.
Baja California and Sonora; type from La Paz, Baja California.
Low shrub, forming dense masses, the branches often spinose; leaves linear
or lanceolate, 5 to 15 mm. long; flowers purplish, 6 to 8 mm. long. ‘“ Mez-
quitillo” (Baja California).
11. Krameria parvifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 6. pl. 2. 1844.
Baja California (type locality) and Sonora. Southern California and
Arizona.
Low rigid shrub with gray or brownish branches; leaves linear, 1.5 em.
long or shorter; flowers purple.
The Pima Indians of Arizona use the powdered root in the treatment of sores.
12. Krameria revoluta Berg, Bot. Zeit. 1856: 751. 1856.
Krameria collina T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 182. 1915.
Oaxaca; type collected near Tehuantepec.
Low shrub; leaves linear, 1 to 2 em. long. sericeous; flowers purple.
13. Krameria interior Rose & Painter, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 108. 1906.
Known only from the type locality, San Juan Capistrano, Zacatecas.
Low shrub with shredded bark and purple flowers.
65. MIMOSACEAE. Mimosa Family.
Trees or shrubs, often armed with spines; leaves usually bipinnate, rarely
pinnate; flowers usually small but often showy, capitate, spicate, or racemose ;
ealyx usually 5-lobed or 5-parted; petals usually 5, free or connate; fruit
a legume, but very variable in form.
In many members of this family the leaves are ‘“ sensitive,” that is, they
respond when touched or struck by folding their leaflets together. They also
often act in the same way upon the approach of darkness or during excessively
dry weather. A few herbaceous representatives of the family occur in Mexico.
leaves pinnate. 22... Sap se +e geN abuse. 4 BIRD ROE a 15. INGA.
Leaves bipinnate.
Anthers tipped with a small gland. Stamens usually twice as many as the
corolla lobes; flowers spicate.
Fruit breaking up into 1-seeded joints. Plants scandent___1. ENTADA.
Fruit continuous, not breaking up into joints.
Fruit septate between the seeds, sometimes spirally coiled.
2. PROSOPIS.
Fruit not septate, never coiled.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 349
Plants unarmed, low shrubs or herbs. Fruit broadly oblong.
3. NEPTUNIA.
Plants usually armed with spines, trees or large shrubs.
RUT e: Chins MIT Val Vetere ee et ee os EE SE Sa 4, PIPTADENTA.
Pruit thick and hard-“indehiscent=-S4 —- 22a 5. GOLDMANTIA,
Anthers without glands.
Stamens as many as the corolla lobes or twice as many.
Fruit with a persistent continuous margin, the valves separating from
ites plants usually armed with spines; flowers capitate or spicate.
6. MIMOSA.
Fruit without a persistent margin; plants unarmed; flowers capitate.
Seeds longitudinal or oblique; low shrubs or herbs_-~-__~— 7. ACUAN.
Seeds transverse; trees or large shrubs___-_-----___- 8. LEUCAENA.
Stamens more than twice as many as the corolla lobes.
Stamens free. Flowers capitate or spicate; plants spiny or unarmed.
9. ACACIA.
Stamens united.
Fruit elastically bivalvate. Plants unarmed; flowers capitate.
10. CALLIANDRA.
Fruit not elastically dehiscent.
Valves of the fruit separating from the persistent margin. Plants
unarmed; flowers spicate or capitate_________ 11. LYSILOMA.
Valves of the fruit not separating from the margin.
Valves of the fruit thin, very broad, straight. Flowers capitate.
12. ALBIZZTIA.
Valves thickened, often curved, twisted, or coiled.
Fruit coiled, very broad, indehiscent; flowers capitate; plants
nharmed= 17201 Si WEES ys 13. ENTEROLOBIU™M.
Fruit not coiled, usually narrow and indehiscent; flowers capi-
tate or spicate; plants usually spiny.
14. PITHECOLLOBIUM.
1. ENTADA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 318. 1768.
Seandent shrubs, often armed with spines; leaves bipinnate, the leaflets few,
large; flowers small, spicate; fruit large, breaking up into 1-seeded joints.
Plants armed with very numerous recurved spines; fruit about 2 cm. wide.
1. E. patens.
Rlantssunarmed - truit. 560, GCM. widesse 2. 2 eee 2. E. polystachia.
1. Entada patens (Hook. & Arn.) Standl.
Inga patens Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 419. 1841.
Piptadenia patens Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 89. 1844.
Mimosa gualanensis Robins. & Bartl. Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 53. 1907.
Guerrero. Guatemala and Nicaragua; type from Nicaragua.
Leaflets 3 to 6 pairs, 1.5 to 5 em. long, oval or orbicular, nearly glabrous;
flowers yellowish white; fruit about 13 em. long, glabrous, often somewhat
constricted between the seeds.
The Guerrero plant has more numerous pinnae and leaflets than the Central
American one, and may be distinct.
2. Entada polystachia (L.) DC. Mém. Legum. 12. 1825.
Mimosa polystachia L. Sp. Pl. 520. 17538.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Tabaseo. Central America, West Indies, and northern
South America.
350 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Large scandent shrub; leaflets mostly oblong and 2 to 4 cm, long; flowers .
small, greenish, in dense spikes; fruit 5 to 6 cm. wide. ‘“‘ Bejuco de amole”
(Guerrero, Tabasco) ; ‘“ bejuco de mondongo” (Tabasco, Rovirosa) ; “haba de
la costa,” “bejuco de panune,” “ bejuco de estribo”’’ (Oaxaca, Reko); ‘“ bejuco
de hierro” (Nicaragua); ‘“ guiamol” (El Salvador); “parra rosa” (Costa
Rica) ; “‘bejuco de garza”’ (Colombia).
The tough stems are used as cordage. When macerated in water they are
said to afford a substitute for soap. In Trinidad the roots are employed as
a remedy for venereal diseases. :
Entada scandens (L.) Benth. is reported from Tabasco, where it is said
to be known as “ haba,” “haba de la costa,” and “tacalote.” The writer has
seen no Mexican specimens, and it may be that the plant so referred to is
really E. polystachia. E. scandens is distinguished by its much larger fruit and
enormous seeds (these 5 to 6 cm. broad).
2. PROSOPIS L. Mant. Pl. 1: 10. 1767.
Spiny shrubs or trees; leaves bipinnate, the pinnae usually 1 or 2 pairs, the
leaflets small and numerous; flowers small, spicate or capitate; fruit inde
hiscent, linear, sometimes constricted between the seeds, in some species
spirally coiled.
The first two species, with spirally coiled fruit, are sometimes referred to a
separate genus, Strombocarpa.
Fruit spirally coiled; flowers spicate or capitate.
KIO WenS Capltate. — -s ses SF ee ee ee 1. P. cinerascens.
TRGWAT NEN DICALC Se a. SAE oT oO ee an en oe ee 2. P. pubescens.
Fruit not coiled; flowers spicate. -
Corolla dentate; fruit 7.5 cm. long or shorter_______________ 3. P. palmeri.
Corolla deeply lobate; fruit usually much longer.
Leaflets commonly rounded at apex, broad in proportion to their length.
Leaflets glabrous, often ciliolate; fruit usually glabrous___4. P. julifiora.
Leaflets puberulent; fruit usually puberulent___4a. P. juliflora velutina.
Leaflets usually acutish at apex, linear, often very long.
4b. P. julifiora glandulosa.
1. Prosopis cinerascens A. Gray; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 381. 1875.
Strombocarpa cinerascens A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 61. 1852.
Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leén; type from Azulfrora, Nuevo Leén. Southwest-
erm Texas.
Shrub, about 30 cm. high, armed with long slender spines, pubescent; leaf-
lets 8 to 12 pairs, oblong, 1.5 to 3 mm. long; fruit 1.5 to 4 em. long.
2. Prosopis pubescens Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 82. 1846.
Strombocarpa pubescens A. Gray, Pl.,Wright, 1: 60. 1852.
Northern Baja California, Sonora, and Chihuahua. chiefly in alluvial soil of
river valleys. Southern California to western Texas; type from California.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. in diameter,
the bark brownish, separating into thin flakes; spines stout, whitish; leaves
deciduous, the leafiets 1 cm. long or shorter, pubescent; flowers greenish, the
spikes 5 to 8 em. long; fruit 3 to 5 em. long, yellowish; wood very hard, brittle,
close-grained, light brown, its specific gravity about 0.76. Known generally
as “ tornillo.”
The screwpod mesquite is often abundant in river valleys. forming dense
thickets of considerable extent. The wood is very durable and is used for
fence posts, tool handles, ete., and in the Rio Grande Valley it is an important
source of fuel. The fruits are edible like those of P. juliflora, and are used in
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 351
ae
‘ much the same way. They are so sweet that they can be eaten as picked,
without any special preparation. The Indians of the Colorado River region
obtained a fermented drink from the pods, and by boiling them they prepared
a sirup. The Pimas of Arizona cooked the poods in a pit lined with the stems
of Tessaria borealis, alternating them with layers of cocklebur (Xanthium
sp.) leaves. The pit was covered with earth and left three or four days
before being opened. The pods were then’spread in the sun, dried, and stored.
Later they were pounded into a fine flour, which was eaten ‘in the form of
pinole. The Pimas also used a decoction of the root bark as a dressing for
wounds, and as the wound healed the dried and pulverized bark was substi-
tuted.
3. Prosopis palmeri 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24:48. 1889.
Baja California; type from Mulegé.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high, with spreading crown; bark rough,
splitting off in long strips; leaflets 4 to 7 mm. long; flowers bright yellow, frag-
rant; fruit almost terete at maturity, puberulent. ‘ Palo de hierro.”
4. Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. Prodr. 2: 447. 1825.
Mimosa juliflora Swartz. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 85. 1788.
Mimosa rotundata Sessé & Moc. Pl. Noy. Hisp. 178. 1887.
Nearly throughout Mexico. West Indies, the type from Jamaica; Central
America; widely distributed in South America; naturalized in Hawaii and the
Philippine Islands.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 12 meters high with a trunk 1.2 meters in diameter,
the bark thick, brown or blackish, shallowly fissured; leaflets mostly 5 to 10
mm. long, linear-oblong ; flowers greenish yellow, sweet-scented ; fruit mostly 10
to 20 cm. long, about 1 em. wide, strongly compressed when young but thick at
maturity, brown or yellowish; wood hard, close-grained, dark red or brown,
with yellow sapwood, its specific gravity about 0.76. Known generally as ‘“ mez-
quite” (from the Nahuatl “ m‘zquitl’’), but the following additional names are
reported: “ Guisache” (Michoacan, Guerrero) ; ‘“‘ chfiicata” (Michoacan, Taras-
ean); “tziritzequa” (Michoacin, Ramirez); “algarroba” (Colima, and in
Many Other regions) ; ‘“ mezquite blanco,” ‘‘ mezquite amarillo,’ “ mezquite colo-
rado,” ‘“ chachaca” (Alcocer) ; ‘“ manea-caballo”’ (Panama); ‘acacia de Cata-
tg ” (Nicaragua) ; “aroma ” (Philippines) ; ‘‘ mezquite chino ”’ (Tamaulipas) ;
“mezquicopal” (the gum, Robelo, from the Nahuatl mizqui-copalli) ; “ ttahi”
(Otomi, Buelna).
One of the best-known plants of Mexico and of the ar’d regions of the United
States; in Mexico often planted as a shade tree. In the more arid regions the
mesquite is usually a shrub, and it is only when fairly well supplied with water
that it becomes a tree. It thrives best in river valleys, where it attains the
greatest size, but on plains and mesas it is often abundant, frequently, indeed,
being the most characteristic plant for many miles, and forming thickets or for-
ests. The smaller trees are strikingly suggestive of peach trees, for which they
are often mistaken by inexperienced eastern travellers viewing them for the
first time from the train as they cross the State of Texas. The larger individuals
are much like apple trees in habit. The wood is valuable for many purposes,
such as railroad ties, carts, fence posts, charcoal, fuel, etc. In Texas it has been
used for paving blocks for streets. The wood and bark are employed for tan-
ning. In the northern part of its range the shrubby form develops enormous
underground stems (known in Chihuahua as “ cepas’’) which, in many places
are the most important source of fuel. They require a great amount of labor to
remove them from the earth, but they form excellent firewood. The smaller
roots penetrate the soil to a great depth, sometimes, it is said, for as much as 15
352 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
to 23 meters. The Seri Indians of Tibur6n Island use the root fiber for cordage,
wetting the roots in water, and sometimes they manufacture a coarse fabric
from the fiber. The wood of the roots is very hard, and the Pima of Arizona
employed it for their war clubs and for plows.
The gum which exudes from the trunk (“ goma de mezquite,” “ goma del pais,”
“ mizquicopalli”’) is amber-colored and translucent, similar to gum arabic, for
which it is often substituted in Mexico. Dissolved in water it makes excellent
mucilage, and its infusion is used for dysentery and as a gargle for throat affec-
tions; by the Pimas a solution of it was used for treating sore eyes and open
wounds. It is sometimes employed in making candy. The flowers are much
frequented by bees, and yield a good grade of light-colored honey. The Pima
Indians sometimes eat the flower spikes, stripping off the flowers between the
teeth. The same tribe employs the inner bark of the mesquite as a substitute for
rennet, and a decoction of it as an emetic and cathartic.
The pods are, perhaps, the most important part of the plant. When chewed
they are sweet, for they contain much sugar, the pulp being composed of 25 to
30 per cent of grape sugar. They are eaten by stock of all kinds and where the
plants are abundant are important for forage. In Hawaii, where the mesquite
is naturalized, the fruits have become an article of some commercial importance
because of their use for stock feed. They are gathered in large quantities and
ground into meal. It is of interest to note that in the early days of the Spanish
occupation, when ships traded regularly every year between Acapulco and
Manila, the mesquite was introduced into the Philippines and has now become
naturalized there. It was even described from that country as a new species,
Prosopis vidaliana Naves. The pods have long been an article of human food
in North America, and are still so used to some extent, especially by the Indians.
Among some of the tribes, as with the Pimas, they were the chief food staple.
They are ground into a meal from which the seeds and coarser parts of the
pods are removed. The Apaches and other tribes often made use of holes or
depressions in the rocks as a mortar for grinding the pods, and these holes are
now of common occurrence in the mountains where mesquite plants are found.
The meal is made into cakes (known in Mexico as “ mezquitamales’”’) which are
baked, or it is mixed with water to form a beverage known as * mezquitatole.”
The meal is also mixed with water and fermented to make a kind of beer.
The mesquite is discussed by Sahagtin under the name ‘“ mizquitl.” “ From
the bark,” he writes, “they prepare a drink which takes the place of pulque,”
a statement whose accuracy is questionable. He reports that the juice of the
leaves and young shoots is dropped into the eyes to relieve affections of those
organs. Hernandez? also treats of the plant in a chapter entitled “ De Mizquitl,
seu Siliqua Acatiae.” He states that the Chichimec Indians make cakes from
the pods, and, incorrectly of course, that the tree “is the true Acacia of the
ancients, which furnishes Gum Arabic.” The tree is mentioned also by Clavi-
gero (Historia de California, 1789), who says, but doubtless erroneously, that
it is introduced in that region. He also mentions the use of the juice for the
relief of eye affections (a practice still followed in Mexico to the present day),
and he reports that the Cochimi name of the plant is “ guatra.”
Prosopis juliflora is a variable species, but there seems to be no satisfactory
basis for separation of the forms. Some of the Mexican material exactly matches
that from Jamaica, but many specimens approach the two following forms. It
may be mentioned, incidentally, that the early writers state that the mesquite
‘of Jamaica is not a native plant, but was introduced in early days, very probably
from Mexico.
1Thesaurus 59.1651. A figure is given on page 455.
q
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 353
Berlandier* once applied (but without technical description) the name J/i-
mosa “ pseudo-echinus”’ to this species, because of the resemblance of the leaves
to those of “ Hchinus Molle,” the “Arbol del Pert.” The latter Latin name, of
course, is a typographical (?) error for Schinus molle.
4a. Prosopis juliflora velutina (Wooton) Sarg. Silv. N. Amer. 18: 15. 1902.
Prosopis odorata Torr. in Frém. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 313. 1843.
Prosopis articulata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 48, 1889.
Prosopis velutina Wooton, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 456. 1898.
Sonora and Baja California to Michoacan, Arizona (type locality).
Shrub or often a tree, 2 to 6 meters high or larger. ‘‘ Mezquite.”
This form is usually distinguishable from the typical juliflora by the small
pubescent leaflets. There are so many intermediate specimens, however, es-
pecially in Mexico, that it is not possible to recognize the form as a species.
In case the plant should receive such recognition, the proper name for it is
Prosopis odorata Torr. That name was based upon a flowering specimen of
the present plant and fruit of P. pubescens, and for that reason has been
discarded by most writers. Taking into consideration the specific name,
“‘ odorata,” it seems reasonable to typify the name by the flowering specimen.
Prosopis articulata was based upon a form in which the pods are strongly
constricted between the seeds. Specimens examined show great variation in
this respect, the prominence of the constrictions being dependent, apparently,
upon the amount of fleshy matter developed in the valves.
4b. Prosopis juliflora glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell, N. Mex. Agr. Expt. Sta.
Bull. 15: 58. 1895.
Prosopis glandulosa Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2x 192. 1828.
Baja California to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Yucatan. Louisiana to south-
ern California; type from New Mexico.
Shrub or tree, either with a well developed trunk or without one. ‘ Mez-
quite.”
If the material from the West Indies and the United States were studied
without reference to that from Mexico, as has been done, apparently, by
recent writers, Prosopis glandulosa might well be considered a distinct species.
In Mexico so many intergrading plants occur that it can not be regarded as
more than a form of P. juliflora. The leaflets are usually glabrous, but often
they are quite as pubescent as in P. juliflora velutina. Specimens from Peru
and Argentina are so like the plant of the United States that if they were
labeled as coming from the latter country no one would question their determin-
nation as P. glandulosa.
3. NEPTUNIA Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 653. 1790.
Low shrubs or herbs, unarmed; leaves bipinnate, the leaflets small, numer-
ous, the stipules persistent; flowers small, capitate or in short oblong spikes;
fruit short and broad, flat.
Neptunia oleracea Lour., an aquatic herbaceous species, has been collected
in Tabasco.
Fruit about 15 mm. wide; plants pubescent____-~-~__+__---+- 1. N. pubescens.
Fruit 8 mm. wide or narrower; plants glabrous_____________-_____ 2. N. plena.
1. Neptunia pubescens Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 356. 1842.
Coahuila. Western Texas; South America, the type from Peru.
Low suffrutescent plant; pinnae 2 or 3 pairs, the leaflets 15 to 35 pairs,
oblong, about 6 mm. long; fruit 2 to 2.5 cm. long. :
i?
* Diario de viage de la Comissién de Limites, p. 177. 1850.
354 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 355, 1842.
Mimosa plena L. Sp. Pl. 519. 1753.
Baja California and Sinaloa to Chiapas. Widely distributed in tropical
America,
Low shrub or often herbaceous; pinnae 3 to 5 pairs, the leaflets 5 to 8 mm.
long; flowers yellow, capitate, the heads long-pedunculate; fruit 3 to 4.5 em.
long.
4. PIPTADENTIA Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 334. 1842.
Erect or scandent shrubs or trees, armed or unarmed; ieaves bipinnate, the
leaflets few or numerous; flowers small, spicate.
Piptadenia cebil Griseb. of Argentina is valued as a source of tanbark. P.
rigida Benth. of Brazil furnishes Angico gum, which resembles gum arabic.
From the seeds of P. peregrina (l.) Benth., a species occurring in the West
Indies and South America, the natives prepared a narcotic snuff known in the
West Indies as “ cohoba.”’* That species is known in Porto Rico as “ cojoba,”
“ cojébana,” “ cojobo,” and “ cojobillo.”
Leaflets linear, about 1 mm. wide; fruit not constricted____________ 1. P. flava.
Leafiets oval or rhombic, 3 to 10 mm. wide; fruit constricted between the seeds.
2. P. constricta.
1. Piptadenia flava (Spreng.) Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 371. 1875.
Acacia flava Spreng. Syst. Veg, 3: 141. 1826.
Piptadenia leptocarpa Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 325. 1895.
Mimosa buceragenia Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 23. 1907.
Jalisco to Guerrero. Central America and northern South America; type
from Colombia.
Erect shrub, 3 to 5 meters high; leaflets 4 to 7 mm. long, glabrous; fiowers
yellowish green; fruit flat, 3 to 8 cm. long, about 1.5 em. w:de, glabrous.
2. Piptadenia constricta (Mich. & Rose) Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser.
59: 18. 1919.
Goldmannia constricta Mich. & Rose, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34:
274. pl. 20. 1903.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Tree, 10 to 12 meters high, unarmed or with short stout spines; pinnae about
5 pairs, the leaflets rhombic, 6 to 17 mm. long; fruit 10 to 15 cm. long, about
6 mm. wide, very deeply constricted between the seeds.
5. GOLDMANTIA Rose; Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat.
Genéve 34: 274. 1903.
1. Goldmania foetida (Jacq.) Standl.
Mimosa foetida Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 3: 73. pl. 390. 1798.
Piptadenia foetida Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 366. 1875.
Goldmania platycarpa Rose; Micheli, Mém. Soc, Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34:
274. 1903.
Piptadenia platycarpa Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 59: 18. 1919.
Sinaloa to Puebla; described from cultivated plants whose origin was
doubtful.
Tree, sometimes 12 meters high, or only a shrub, unarmed; leaflets suborbicu-
lar to cuneate-obovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, nearly glabrous; flowers yellowish green,
spicate, ill-scented ; fruit short, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, curved, reddish brown, rough.
"See W. E. Safford, Narcotic plants and stimulants of the ancient Americans,
Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1916: 387-424. pl. 1-17, f. 1-6. 1917.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 355
* Pinzanguarimbo” (Guerrero); ‘ coyacate’’ (Guerrero, Bonpland); “ hui-
zache’”’ (Guerrero, Jalisco, Urbina) ; “ y6ndiro” (Michoacan, Ramirez) ; “ cusa”
(Sinaloa).
This has been reported from Mexico as Piptadenia quadrifolia N. E. Brown, a
South American species.
6. MIMOSA L. Sp. Pl. 516. 1753.
REFERENCE: Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 305-331. 1898.
Trees or shrubs, usually armed with stout spines, occasionally scandent ;
leaves bipinnate; petiolar glands commonly absent; flowers small but often
bright-colored, capitate or spicate, sessile; stamens usually long-exserted ; fruit
very variable in form, usually compressed, the margin persistent, the valves
often breaking into joints.
Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. A large number of Mexican
species are described by Sessé and Mocino,’ but in most cases it is impossible to
identify them.
A. Flowers spicate.
Leaflets 1 or 2 pairs.
Leaflets densely pubescent; frait, coiled H.in5-2t eats 1. M. spirocarpa.
Leaflets glabrous; fruit straight.
Leafletsii5 toi22:mmi lobe 4.20, eee ee eed te = 2. M. rosei.
leaflets’ 4tto-9'mm. Jong eee" wees eet ce aa! 3. M. paucifoliolata.
Leaflets more than 2 pairs, at least in most of the leaves, usually much more
numerous.
Corolla glabrous or nearly so.
Leaflets few, 1 to 5 or rarely 7 pairs, elliptic to obovate, less than twice
as long as broad.
Leaflets and pfiruityslabnrouss 26 Ses i a ea ee ley 4. M. laxiflora.
Leaflets and fruit pubescent.
Bruitvarmed with Spinesss eet. Sie Bb eee et 5. M. distachya.
EtG NBT CG ase es Sale ag nos 8 ee ete ee 6. M. purpurascens.
Leaflets 4 to 20 pairs or more, linear or oblong, more than twice as
long as broad.
Fruit sessile or nearly so____-__~ Pe 5 ae pk es pe cess QE 7. M. polyantha.
Fruit long-stipitate.
Walves: of the fruit hispidess 24.624 ee2! xs 8. M. polyanthoides.
Valves of the fruit glabrous. :
Joints of the fruit much broader than long; filaments yellowish.
9. M. stipitata.
Joints of the fruit about as long as broad; filaments purplish.
10. M. ionema.
Corolla densely sericeous or puberulent.
heahetsyt toelO: mms wide === 3)". 2) aie oe 11. M. guatemalensis.
Leaflets 2.5 mm. wide or narrower.
Stems. UNUTMed ses see es ey pele Sees pe des hee 12. M. puberula.
Stems armed with stout spines.
iLeaetstusually 20° to: 40: pairs. 2-2-2. 25 13. M. cabrera.
Leaflets usually less than 20 pairs.
Spikes oblong, little longer than broad__-__~ 56. M. monancistra.
Spikes cylindric, much longer than broad.
Branches covered with minute, sessile or st’pitate glands.
14. M. adenantheroides.
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 175-179. 1887.
356 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Branches not glandular.
Calyx distinctly dentate, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, a third to half as
long as the corolla.
Fruit about 4 mm. wide, unarmed______ 15. M. coelocarpa.
Fruit about 6 mm. wide, often spiny.
Spines dark-colored, not much broadened at the base;
fruitwUunarmed sss" Sas ee ee 16. M. wrightii.
Spines usually light-colored, very broad and flat at base ;
fruit armed with spines on the margins.
17. M. dysocarpa.
Calyx subtruncate, about 0.8 mm. long, about a fourth as long
as the corolla.
Pinnaers,O0-A pate.) ae Se ee eee 18. M. luisana.
Pinnae 9 to 20 pairs.
Leaflets glabrous on the upper surface.
19. M. rhododactyla.
Leaflets tomentulose-sericeous on both surfaces.
Fruit unarmed or nearly so____________ 20. M. palmeri.
Fruit densely armed with spines____21. M. benthami.
AA. Flowers capitate.
B. Stamens of the same number as the corolla lobes.
Pinnae one pair; leaflets 1 or 2 pairs, usually large.
Stems copiously pubescent or setose_________-_- 22. M. albida.
Stems glabrous or nearly so.
Plants unarmed or nearly so; leaflets 1.7 em. long or shorter.
23. M. goldmanii.
Plants armed with spines; leaflets mostly 2.5 to 8 em. long.
Pods sessile or nearly so; leaflets setose beneath.
24. M. manzanilloana.
Pods stipitate; leaflets glabrous beneath_______ 25. M. acapulcensis.
Pinnae usually 2 to several pairs, sometimes one pair; leaflets 3 to many
pairs, usually small.
Binnae Sito, Stains os bl eae, ae ah 26. M. leptocarpa.
Pinnae 1 or 2 pairs. Fruit (so,far as known) less than 1 cm. wide.
Leaflets 3 to 5 or rarely 6 pairs, 7 to 25 mm. wide.
Leaflets 2 cm. long or shorter, glabrous____________ 27. M. lactifiua.
Leaflets 2.3 to 3.6 cm. long, more or less pubescent.
Fruit strigose; leaflets strigose__________________ 28. M. deamii.
Fruit glabrous; leaflets soft-pubescent when young.
29. M. psilocarpa.
Leaflets more than 5 pairs in most of the leaves, less than 7 mm. wide.
Peduncles glabrous or merely puberulent.
Mruitdensely. spiny. ..---.. ee ae 30. M. sicyocarpa.
Fruit unarmed, except sometimes on the margin.
Plants unarmed; margin of the fruit spiny__--~ 31. M. caerulea.
Plants armed with stout spines; fruit unarmed.
32. M. mixtecana.
Peduncles densely pilose, tomentose, scabrous, or hispid. :
Fruit glabrous but spiny; plants chiefly herbaceous.
34. M, pudica.
Fruit puberulent or pilose as well as spiny; plants woody almost
throughout.
Leaflets glabrous on the upper surface___~-~-~~ 34. M. nelsonii.’
Leaflets densely pubescent on both surfaces____---~ 35. M. xanti.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 357
BB. Stamens twice as many as the corolla lobes.
Branches more or less bristly-hispid, usually armed with spines also, in
one species the pubescence only obscurely hispid, but the spines then
tipped with flexuous bristles.
Stems bristly but without spines_-________________ 36. M. camporum.
Stems armed with spines.
Rachis of the leaf bristly but without spines; pinnae 20 to 25 pairs.
37. M. galeottii.
Rachis of the leaf armed with spines.
Bristles of the peduncles usually gland-tipped; corolla striate.
38. M. somnians.
Bristles of the pedun¢les eglandular; corolla not striate.
Pods obovate, 1 to 3-seeded; spines with slender flexuous tips.
39. M. dormiens.
Pods linear-oblong, 15 to 20-seeded ; spines stiff, straight.
40. M. pigra.
Branches not bristly-hispid; spines never ending in flexuous bristles.
C. Corolla glabrous.
Fruit winged; peduncles rufous-tomentose. Leaflets 2 to 3 mm. wide.
41. M. hemiendyta.
Fruit not winged; peduncles not rufous-tomentose.
Leaflets 3 to 17 mm. wide or broader.
Plants unarmed; leaflets coriaceous, 6 to 17 mm. wide.
43. M. leucaenoides.
Plants armed with spines; leaflets thin, mostly 3 to 8 mm. wide.
Leaflets glabrous.
Pinnae one pair; leaflets about 8 pairs____44. M. micheliana.
Pinnae 3 or 4 pairs; leaflets 4 or 5 pairs__53. M. wootonii.
Leaflets pubescent. Pinnae 3 or more pairs.
Leaflets rhombic, acute or acutish, mostly 5 to 8 mm. wide,
soft-pilose beneath when young; branches pilose.
45. M. ervendbergii.
Leaflets oblong, rounded at the apex, 3 to 4 mm. wide, mi-
nutely strigillose; branches puberulent or glabrate.
46. M. argillotropha.
Leaflets 2 mm. wide or narrower.
Pinnae 1 to 3 pairs; leaflets few, usually 5 pairs or fewer.
Sines seminate 2... ' — eee 3 ote Be FS 47. M. tenuiflora.
Spines solitary. ose sos ee 58. M. lindheimeri.
Pinnae 3 to many pairs; leaflets numerous.
Petioles equaling or longer than the rachis, densely armed with
Short, recuhved Spies: oo. a. 48. M. invisa.
Petioles much shorter than the rachis, unarmed or with a few
scattered spines.
Leaflets 8 pairs or fewer; fruit about 6 mm. wide.
49. M. grahami.
Leaflets 20 to 32 pairs, thin; fruit often 2 cm. wide.
EInnse Guo Dalbs ka) © eee es 50. M. eurycarpa.
Man ae mia LOLS, Pats ee a ee 51. M. colimensis.
CC. Corolla pubescent, at least on the lobes.
THCAHets 47 CO "Grint Wider Nt RE RY 8 52. M. malacophylla.
Leaflets less than 3 mm, wide.
Fruit with 2 broad lacerate wings______________=__ 42. M. lacerata.
Fruit not wihged.
358 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
D. Pinnae 1 to 4 pairs.
Leaflets Honenpairitistt 3 si Ge ent tae) eh 54. M. zygophylla.
Leaflets 2 or more pairs.
Valves of the fruit armed with spines.
Rachis of the leaf armed with numerous spines.
55. M. hystricosa.
Raehis of the leaf unarmed.
Leaflets green, thinly sericeous______ 56. M. monancistra.
Leaflets white with a dense sericeous pubescence.
57. M. emoryana.
Valves of the fruit unarmed, the margins often spiny.
Corolla nearly glabrous_____ ware alt. 58. M. lindheimeri.
Corolla densely pubescent.
Spines straight; leaflets densely sericeous with long soft
1st i eeteey belnleze og OPORN Spte Om SeSPOLSLIOE Feu e SS 59. M. purpusii.
Spines recurved ; leaflets strigillose or sericeous with very
short hairs. ;
Pinnae3' or pairsis— =. -_-Buetes 65. M. biuncifera.
Pinnae 1 or 2 pairs.
Fruit glabrate, acute at the base____60. M. pringlei.
Fruit densely tomentose, rounded at the base.
Fruit strongly constricted between the seeds, the
margins with numerous long spines.
61. M. depauperata.
Fruit scarcely at all constricted, the margins un-
armed or nearly so__________ 62. M. calcicola.
DD. Pinnae more than 4 pairs in all or most of the leaves.
Leaflets about 1 mm. long. Valves of the fruit very spiny.
63. M. minutifolia.
Leaflets 2 mm. long or longer. :
Leaflets 2.5 to 3 mm, wide, densely pilose-sericeous on both
RUIITACES Sa) 9 ee ee ee ee 64. M. mollis.
Leaflets mostly less than 2 mm. wide.
Fruit acute or acutish at base and usually also at apex,
A to mMaMwide! ! 0 at i 65. M. biuncifera.
Fruit rounded or very obtuse at base and apex, 7 to 10 mm.
wide.
Léeaflets5-to ‘7 mms long.—— 8 20 0nos _san 66. M. lemmoni.
Leaflets 4 to 5 mm. long_--------- 67. M. aculeaticarpa.
1. Mimosa spirocarpa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 316. pl. 17. 1895.
Sinaloa to Colima; type from Culiacin, Sinaloa. [ ;
Shrub, 3 to 6 meters high; leaflets obliquely oval or suborbicular, 1 to 3 em.
long; flowers purplish at first, becoming white, the spikes 7 to 18 cm. long;
fruit narrow, coiled like a snail shell.
2. Mimosa rosei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 317. 1898.
Known only from the type locality, Bolafios, Jalisco.
Plant unarmed, so far as specimens show ; leaflets obliquely obovate or oval;
fruit pale green, about 7 cm. long and 7 mm. wide, glabrous, unarmed, long-
stipitate. ‘
3. Mimosa paucifoliolata Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 278.
pl. 24. 1908.
Mimosa laxiflora .zygophylloides Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 317. 1898.
Colima and Michoacin or Guerrero; type from Las Minitas.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 359
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 5 meters high, sparsely armed with flat straight
spines; leaflets obovate-orbicular; flowers white, the spikes 3 to 4 cm. long, lax.
4, Mimosa laxiflora Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 98. 1846.
? Acacia prosopoides DC. Prodr. 2: 460. 1825.
Chihuahua and Sonora (type locality).
Shrub with few short spines; leaflets 5 to 12 mm. long, pale green; flowers
white, the spikes 2 to 4 em. long; fruit unarmed.
5. Mimosa distachya Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 48. pl. 295. 1794.
Mimosa brandegei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 316. 1898.
Baja California and Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Puebla.
Shrub, copiously armed with short recurved spines; leaflets 4 to 18 mm.
long, pale green; flowers white or pinkish, the spikes long and lax; fruit
usually setose, 6 to 8 mm. wide. “ Garabatillo” (Oaxaca).
It is possible that M. brandegei is a distinct species, but the material at
hand can not be separated consistently into two forms.
6. Mimosa purpurascens Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 317. 1898.
Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from La Paz, Baja California.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 10 meters high; leaflets 3 to 8 mm. long; flowers
pink; fruit puberulent, unarmed. ‘ Cuca,” “ cuilén,” “ iguano” (Sinaloa).
In Sinaloa the bark is used for tanning skins, and it is sometimes chewed to
harden the gums.
7. Mimosa polyantha Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 410. 1842.
Mimosa polyantha levior Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 318. 1898.
Sinaloa to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Acatlin, Puebla. Guatemala.
' Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high, copiously armed with spines; leaflets 2 to 4
mm. long; flowers pink or white, the spikes long and lax; fruit usually hispid,
sometimes smooth, about 8 mm. wide. ‘“‘ Arrendador” (Sinaloa).
_8. Mimosa polyanthoides Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 831: 260. 1904.
Guerrero; type from mountains above Iguala, altitude 1,200 meters.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets 5 to 7 mm. long.
9. Mimosa stipitata Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist. 31: 261. 1904.
Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Morelos; type from Iguala, Guerrero, altitude
1,200 meters.
Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets 3 to 5 mm. long; flowers
white, the spikes 2.5 to 4.5 em. long, lax; fruit about 4.5 em. long and 1 cm. wide,
glabrous. ‘‘ Timbin’” (Michoacén, Guerrero).
Bark used for tanning.
10. Mimosa ionema Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 86: 473. 1901.
Guerrero and Morelos; type from Cuernavaca.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high, armed with straight flat spines; -leaflets 5 to 9
mm. long; flowers pinkish.
Doubtfully distinct from M. stipitata.
11. Mimosa guatemalensis (Hook. & Arn.) Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 89. 1844.
Inga guatemalensis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 419. 1841.
Sinaloa and Tepic. Guatemala (type locality) and Nicaragua.
Shrub, about 2 meters high, densely pubescent, armed with numerous short
straight spines; leaflets oval or obovate-oval, 7 to 20 mm. long; fruit densely
pubescent, unarmed, about 6 mm. wide.
12. Mimosa puberula Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 88. 1846.
Hidalgo and perhaps elsewhere; type from Zimap4n.
Pinnae 5 to 10 pairs, the leaflets oblong, 4 to 5 mm. long; spikes 4 to 5 cm.
long; fruit pubescent.
55268—22—_18
360 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
13. Mimosa cabrera Karst. Fl. Columb. 2:63. pl. 132. 1869.
Chiapas. Central America and Colombia (type locality).
Small tree, armed with very stout flat spines; leaflets about 5 mm. long,
linear-oblong; fruit pubescent. “Tepescahuite” (Chiapas, Seler) ; “ carb6én,”
“earbonal” (Honduras) ; “ carbonal” (Colombia) ; ‘ cabrero” (Venezuela).
14. Mimosa adenantheroides (Mart. & Gal.) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 88.
1846.
Acacia adenantheroides Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 310. 1843.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from mountains of Sola and Yolotepeque, Oaxaca.
Erect shrub, armed with stout flat spines; leaflets oblong, 3 to 13 mm. long;
spikes 1.5 to 2 cm. long; fruit 6 to 7 mm. wide, puberulent.
15. Mimosa coelocarpa Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 319. 1898.
Known only from the type locality, Topolobampo, Sinaloa.
Very spiny shrub; leaflets about 3 mm. long; spikes 3 to 4 em. long; fruit
densely pubescent.
16. Mimosa wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2:52. 1853.
Chihuahua and Sonora (type locality). Southern Arizona.
Shrub, armed with straight flat spines; leaflets 8 to 5 mm. long, obtuse or
acute; flowers pink; fruit densely pubescent, unarmed.
17. Mimosa dysocarpa Benth.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 62. 1852.
Chihuahua, Sonora, and Durango. Western Texas (type locality) to southern
Arizona. z
Densely armed shrub; leaflets 3 to 6 mm. long, pubescent; flowers pink,
sweet-scented; fruit armed on the margins with short stout spines, densely
pubescent. ‘ Gatufio” (Chihuahua).
18. Mimosa luisana T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 248. 1908.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Shrub, armed with straight flat spines; leaflets 3 to 4 mm. long, pubescent;
flowers pink, the spikes about 3.5 cm. long; fruit densely pubescent, unarmed,
about 5 mm. wide.
19. Mimosa rhododactyla Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 260. 1904.
Known only from the type locality, Las Higueritas, near the boundary be-
tween Michoacin and Guerrero, altitude 500 meters.
Shrub, 3 meters high; leaflets 8 mm. long, pubescent; flowers pale pink.
20. Mimosa palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 99. 1891.
Mimosa fasciculata malacocarpa Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 38: 319. 1898.
Sonora, Sinaloa, and Jalisco; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Shrub, 1.8 to 3 meters high, armed with stout straight spines; leaflets 2 to
4 mm. long; flowers pink, fragrant, the spikes 4 to 6 cm. long; fruit long,
narrow, unarmed, about 3 mm. wide.
21. Mimosa benthami Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 59: 12. 1919.
Acacia fasciculata Kunth, Mimos. Pl. Légum. 75. pl, 23. 1819-24.
Mimosa fasciculata Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 88. 1846. Not M. fasciculata
Benth. 1842.
Durango to Jalisco, Oaxaca, and Morelos; type from Guanajuato.
Shrub, armed with stout straight spines; leaflets 2 to 6 mm. long; bark
whitish ; flowers pinkish, the spikes long and dense; fruit densely spiny, about
5 mm. wide. ‘“ Ufia de gato” (Jalisco, Michoacin, Guerrero).
22. Mimosa albida Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1030. 1805.
Mimosa floribunda Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1031. 1805.
Mimosa albida floribunda Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 38: 311. 1898.
Mimosa albida euryphylla Robinson, Proc. Amer, Acad. 33: 311. 1898.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 361
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Central America and
South America; type from Peru.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, armed with short recurved spines; leaflets oblique,
3 to 8 em. long, usually obtuse, densely pubescent; flowers pinkish; fruit 2 to
3 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, setose-hispid. ‘‘ Sensitiva,” “ vergonzoso”’ (Oaxaca).
23. Mimosa goldmanii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 38: 308. 1898.
Known only from the type locality, between Juchitai and Chivela, Oaxaca.
Erect shrub with brownish branches; leaflets glabrous, aculeate-ciliate.
24. Mimosa manzanilloana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 326. 1895.
Sinaioa to Guerrero; type from Manzanillo, Colima.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, armed with short stout recurved spines; leaflets
1 to 4 cm. long, obtuse or acute; flowers pink; fruit short, hispidulous, about 5
mm. wide.
25. Mimosa acapulcensis Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 28: 135. 1899.
Known only from Acapulco, Guerrero, the type locality.
Spiny shrub; leaflets oblique, 3 to 10 em. long, acute or obtuse; flower heads
racemose; fruit 5 to 6 mm. wide.
26. Mimosa leptocarpa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 326. 1895.
Colima to Guerrero; type from Manzanillo, Colima.
Straggling shrub, armed with very short recurved spines; leaflets oblong,
obtuse, about 1 cm. long; flowers said to be yellowish white; fruit broad, very
thin, glabrous, 7 to 11 cm. long, armed on the margin with short curved spines.
“Sierilla ’ (Guerrero).
27. Mimosa lactifiua Delile; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. 30: 393. 1875.
Oaxaca; described from cultivated specimens of uncertain source; it is pos-
sible that the name does not apply properly to the Oaxaca plant.
Shrub, armed with short straight spines.
28. Mimosa deamii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 324. 1900.
Known only from the type locality, Salina Cruz, Oaxaca.
Shrub, 3 meters high; flowers pinkish; fruit 3 to 3.4 cm. long, strigose.
29. Mimosa psilocarpa Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 325. 1900.
Known only from the type locality, in the mountains of Oaxaca.
Fruit glabrous, unarmed, 2 to 3 em. long.
30. Mimosa sicyocarpa Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 313. 1898.
Known only from the type locality, between San Sebastian and Bufa de Mas-
cota, Jalisco.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, sparsely armed with short recurved spines; leaflets
narrowly oblong, 1.5 to 2 em. long; fruit 2.5 to 3 em. long, densely spiny.
31. Mimosa caerulea Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 141. 1897.
Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Cuernavaca.
Unarmed shrub, about a meter high; leaflets oblong, 1 to 1.5 em. long, obtuse
or acute, nearly glabrous; flowers purplish ; fruit glabrous, the margins minutely
aculeolate.
32. Mimosa mixtecana T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 379. 1909.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from the region of San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Shrub, armed with straight brown spines; leaflets 6 to 20 mm. long; flowers
pink; fruit glabrous, unarmed, long-stipitate.
33. Mimosa pudica L. Sp. Pl. 518. 1753.
Veracruz and probably elsewhere. Widely distributed in tropical America ;
type from Brazil.
Plants decumbent or spreading, suffrutescent occasionally, but perhaps hardly
to be considered a shrub; leaflets linear-oblong, about 1 cm. long; flowers white
362 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
or pink. ‘ Dormilona,” “ pinahuihuixtle,” ‘ quecupatli,’ “sensitiva,” “ten
vergiienza,” “ vergonzosa,” “ xmutz” (Ramirez) ; “cierra tus puertas” (Guate-
mala).
34. Mimosa nelsonii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 314. 1898.
Mimosa lignosa Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 278. pl. 23.
19038.
Michoacan to Oaxaca; type collected between San Gerénimo and La Venta,
Oaxaca.
Shrub, 0.8 to 2 meters high, rather sparsely armed with straight spines;
leaflets 5 to 10 mm. long, thick, obtuse; flowers pink ; fruit short, densely bristly,
about 5 mm. wide.
35. Mimosa xanti A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 157. 1862.
Mimosa langlassei Micheli. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 277. pl. 23.
1908.
Baja California (type locality) and Michoacin. Guatemala.
Erect shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high, often forming dense thickets, armed with
stout straight spines; leaflets oblong, about 1 cm. long, acute or obtuse; flowers
pink; fruit short, hispid. ‘ Celosa” (Baja California).
36. Mimosa camporum Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 130. 1840.
Tepic to Guerrero. Central America and South America.
Plants chiefly herbaceous but sometimes somewhat shrubby, nearly or quite
without spines; leaflets about 8 mm. long; fiowers pink; fruit short, hispid.
37. Mimosa galeottii Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 92. 1846.
Acacia hirta Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 318. 1843.
Morelos, Oaxaca, and Guerrero; type from mountains of Yolotepeque, Oaxaca,
at an altitude of 2,460 meters.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high, armed with rather slender recurved
spines ; leaflets very numerous, 2 mm, long or shorter; flowers yellowish, turn-
ing pink; fruit usually very spiny, about 4 cm. long and 6 mm. wide. “Ufa
de gato” (Michoacén, Guerrero).
Specimens reported by Micheli* as M. adenotricha belong here.
38. Mimosa somnians Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1036. 1805.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Guerrero. Widely distributed in tropical America.
Plants chiefly herbaceous but often suffrutescent, armed with rather few short
spines ; leaflets mostly 4 to 5 mm. long; flowers white or pinkish; fruit glabrous
or pilose, 3 to 4 mm. wide.
89. Mimosa dormiens Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1035. 1805.
Chiapas. Widely distributed in tropical America.
Ascending or erect shrub, densely armed with slender spines; leaflets about
8 mm. long, pubescent. “ Dormidera” (Colombia).
40. Mimosa pigra L. Cent. Pl. 1: 138. 1755.
Mimosa asperata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1312. 1759.
Mimosa berlandieri A. Gray; Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound Bot. 61. 1859.
Tamaulipas to Sinaloa, Chiapas, and Tabasco. Widely distributed in tropical
America and Africa.
Erect or ascending shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, armed with numerous stout
spines; leaflets linear, about 5 mm. long; flowers pink; fruit hispid, often very
densely so, about 1 cm. wide. “ Zarza’” (Guerrero, Costa Rica); “ choven”
(Veracruz, San Luis Potosi, Seler) ; “espina de vaca” (Panama).
*Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 276. 1903.
<n
py
9
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 3863
41. Mimosa hemiendyta Rose & Robins. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 32. 1908.
Yucatin and Campeche; type from Apazote, Campeche.
Shrub, 1.5 to 6 meters high; leaflets 4 to 5 mm. long, glabrate; fruit with
a broad, erose or shallowly lacerate wing.
42. Mimosa lacerata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 141. 1897.
Querétaro, Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Piaxtla, Puebla.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, armed with stout spines; leaflets 2 to 3 mm.
long; fruit with a broad, deeply lacerate wing.
43. Mimosa leucaenoides Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 89. 1846.
San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo; type from Zimapaén, Hidalgo.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, lus-
trous; fruit unarmed, about 6 mm. wide.
44, Mimosa micheliana’ Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 259. 1904.
Known only. from the type locality, La Correa, Guerrero, altitude 250 meters.
Shrub, armed with small recurved spines; leaflets 9 to 18 mm. long; flowers
pale pink.
45. Mimosa ervendbergii’” A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 5: 178. 1862.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Tantoyuca, Veracruz. Central
America.
Shrub, probably scandent, armed with very short recurved spines; leaflets
1 to 3 cm. long; flower heads in large naked panicles. “ Zarza,” “ sierrilla”
(Oaxaca).
46. Mimosa argillotropha Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 257. 1904.
Known only from the type locality, La Correa, Guerrero. :
Shrub, armed with very small recurved spines; leaflets 1 cm. long or shorter;
flowers white.
47. Mimosa tenuiflora Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 92. 1846.
Type from Zimapan, Hidalgo.
Pinnae 1 to 3 pairs; branchlets glabrous. ‘s
48. Mimosa invisa Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. 121. 1837-40.
Schrankia brachycarpa Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 130. 1840.
Sinaloa to Guerrero and Veracruz. Widely distributed in tropical America.
Procumbent or prostrate plant, chiefly herbaceous, armed with very nu-
merous short recurved spines; leaflets 5 mm. long; flowers pink; fruit hispid,
4mm. wide. “ Dormilona” (Costa Rica).
The roots have a disagreeable odor and are said to have irritant properties.
In Costa Rica the bitter infusion of the leaves is considered tonic, and the
seeds are sometimes used as an emetic.
49. Mimosa grahami A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 52. 18538.
Northern Sonora (type locality) and Chihuahua.
Shrub, armed with rather slender spines; leaflets 4 mm. long; flowers
pink; margins of the fruit with a few short spines, about 6 mm. wide.
50. Mimosa eurycarpa Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 322. 1898.
Mimosa eurycarpoides Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 472. 1901.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type collected between Guichocovi and Lagunas, Oaxaca.
*Named for Mare Micheli, a botanist of Geneva, who published a paper de
scribing the Leguminosae collected in Mexico by Eugéne Langlassé.
*L. C. Ervendberg made a small collection of plants in the District of
Huasteca, Veracruz, in 1858 and 1859. This was reported upon by Gray in
1861 (Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 174-190).
364 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high; leaflets 4 to 6 mm. long;
flowers white; fruit broad, thin, sparsely hispid on the valves. “Rabo de
iguana” (Guerrero); ‘‘uha de gato” (Oaxaca).
It is possible that M. curycarpoides is distinct, but it is known only frem
flowering branches, which show no essential differences from M. euryearpa.
The fruit originally described as belonging to M, eurycarpoides is probably that
of Acacia farnesiana.
51. Mimosa colimensis Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 358. 1904.
Known only from Colima, the type locality.
Shrub, armed with short recurved spines; leaflets 5 to 7 mm. long; flower
heads racemose-paniculate.
It is doubtful whether this is distinct from IM. ewrycarpa. The fruit is not
known.
52. Mimosa malacophylla A. Gray, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 6: 182. 1850.
Chihuahua and Coahuila to Tamaulipas. Western Texas; type collected on
the Rio Grande.
Scandent or recumbent shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high, armed with numerous
small recurved spines; leaflets mostly oval, 7 to 14 mm. long, obtuse or acute;
flowers white, sweet-scented; fruit 5 to 7.5 cm. long, 1 cm. wide, glabrous.
“ Raspa-huevos ” (Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas) ; “ raspilla”’ (Tamaulipas).
53. Mimosa wootonii’ Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Hacienda Buena Vista, Tamaulipas (Wooton, June 14, 1919;
U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 989828).
Subscandent shrub, the branches anguiate, glabrous, armed with very nu-
merous short recurved prickles; leaf rachis 9 to 12 cm. long, with numerous
recurved prickles, sparsely puberulent with short curled hairs; pinnae 3 or
4 pairs; leaflets usually 4 or 5 pairs, oval-elliptic, oval, or sometimes obovate-
oval, 8 to 15 mm. long, 5 to 9 mm, wide, acute or obtuse at apex, mucronate,
bright green, glabrous, with rather prominent venation; flowers capitate, race-
mose, the peduncles fasciculate, 1.2 to 2 em. long, puberulent ; calyx and corolla
glabrous, the calyx one-third as long as the corolla; ovary glabrous. ‘“ Ras-
pilla,” ‘‘ raspa-huevos.”
Except in pubescence, this plant is almost exactly like M. malacophylla
Gray, which was collected at the same locality. It may be only a form of
that species, but in the latter the pubescence is very copious on all parts,
consisting of short straight hairs. The quality and quantity of pubescence seem
to be constant characters in the other Mexican species of the genus.
54. Mimosa zygophylla Benth.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 61. 1852.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, San Luis Potosi, and Zacatecas; type from the re-
gion of Saltillo.
Densely branched shrub, 0.3 to 1 meter high or larger, armed with short stout
recurved spines; leaflets about 3 mm. long; flowers pink; fruit short, glabrous,
unarmed or nearly so, 7 cm. wide.
55. Mimosa hystricosa T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 86. 1910.
Jalisco to Puebla; type from Cerro de Gavilan, Puebla.
Shrub, armed with numerous short spines; leaflets 5 to 8 mm. long; fruit very
spiny.
56. Mimosa monancistra Benth. Pl. Hartw. 12. 1889.
2Mimosa herincquiana Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve 34: 276. pl. 21. 1903.
Coahuila to San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca, and Jalisco; type from Aguascalientes.
*Named for Elmer Ottis Wooton (1865—), now of the U. S. Department of
Agriculture, who made a collection of plants in Tamaulipas in 1919.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 365
Shrub, 0.6 to 1.5 meters high, sparsely or densely armed with short spines;
leaflets 3 to 5 mm. long; flowers pink; fruit very spiny, 4 to 5 mm. wide.
“ Garabatillo ” (Aguascalientes) ; “ufia de gato” (Guanajuato).
57. Mimosa emoryana Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 426. 1875.
Chihuahua and Durango. Western Texas (type locality).
Shrub, densely pubescent, armed with numerous stout spines; leaflets 3 to 5
mm. long; flowers pink; fruit very spiny, about 5 mm. wide.
58. Mimosa lindheimeri’* A. Gray, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 6: 181. 1850.
Mimosa biuncifera lindheimeri Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 328. 1898.
Coahuila to San Luis Potosi, Puebla, and Michoacin. Western Texas (type
locality ).
Erect, very spiny shrub, nearly glabrous, with reddish purple or pink flowers;
leaflets 2 to 3 mm. long; fruit armed with spines on the margins, 4 to 5 mm. wide.
59. Mimosa purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 379. 1909.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cerro de Matzize, Puebla.
Very spiny shrub, densely pubescent; leaflets 3 to 4 mm. long; flowers pink;
fruit densely pubescent, 6 mm. wide, with a few short spines on the margins.
60. Mimosa pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 452. 1886.
Chihuahua ; type collected near the city of Chihuahua. Western Texas.
Densely branched shrub, armed with short slender recurved spines; leaflets 3
to 4 mm. long; fruit 2 cm. long, glabrous, unarmed or nearly so.
61. Mimosa depauperata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 13. 1839.
Acacia canescens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Brux. 107: 312. 1843.
Querétaro to Mexico and Oaxaca; type from Actopan, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 0.8 to 1 meter high, very spiny; leaflets 2 to 3 mm. long; fruit densely
pubescent, 5 mm. wide, the margins armed with stout straight spines.
62. Mimosa calcicola Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 325. 1898.
Hidalgo and Puebla; type from plains near Tehuacén, Puebla.
Shrub, 0.3 to 1 meter high, very spiny; leaflets 2 to 4 mm. long; flowers white
or pinkish; fruit densely pubescent, unarmed or nearly so, about 4 mm. wide.
63. Mimosa minutifolia Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 150.
1895.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Fruit very spiny, 7 to 8 mm. wide.
64. Mimosa mollis Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 408. 1842.
Puebla; type from Acatlan.
Shrub, armed with short flat spines, densely pubescent; leaflets 4 to 6 mm.
long; fruit densely pubescent, unarmed.
65. Mimosa biuncifera Benth. Pl. Hartw. 12. 1839.
Mimosa prolifica S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 452. 1886. _
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Oaxaca, and Durango; type from Leén,
Guanajuato. Southern Arizona and New Mexico.
Shrub 1 to 2 meters high, densely armed with stout recurved spines; leaflets
mostly 2 to 3 mm. long; flowers pink or white; fruit very spiny on the margins.
“Gatufio” (Zacatecas, Durango, Chihuahua); “ufia de gato” (Chihuahua,
Texas, etc.).
* Ferdinand Lindheimer (1801-1879), a native of Germany, resided for more
than 30 years in Texas, where he made large collections of plants. These were
reported upon by Gray and Engelmann. The genus Lindheinvera, of the family
Asteraceae, was named in his honor.
366 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
66. Mimosa lemmoni A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 76. 1883.
Northern Chihuahua and Sonora. Southern New Mexico and Arizona; type
- from Huachuca Mountains, Arizona.
Shrub, about 1 meter high, very pubescent; fruit densely pubescent, unarmed
or nearly so, about 6 mm. wide.
67. Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 134. 1800.
Mimosa acanthocarpa Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 409. 1842.
Mimosa acanthocarpa desmanthocarpa Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 472.
1901. ~
Mimosa aculeaticarpa imparilis Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 59: 12.
1919.
San Luis Potosi to Tepic, Chiapas, and Hidalgo.
Shrub or small tree, armed with numerous spines; flowers white or pink;
fruit usually spiny on the margins, about 6 mm. wide, reddish brown.
Mimosa acanthocarpa desmanthocarpa is a form with unarmed fruit. WM.
acaleaticarpa imparilis has glandular and hirsute branchlets.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
Mimosa ArcuATA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 308. 1843. Type from
Tehuacin, Puebla. According to Robinson, probably a synonym of M. biuncifera
Benth.
MIMOSA GEMINATA DC. Prodr. 2: 427. 1825. Described from Mexico.
MIMOSA TRICEPHALA Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 591. 1830. Type from
Actopan, Hidalgo.
7. ACUAN Medic. Theod. Sp. 62. 1786.
Low suffrutescent or herbaceous plants, unarmed; leaves bipinnate, the
leaflets numerous, small, the stipules setaceous, persistent; flowers in dense
heads; fruit linear, compressed.
Several other species of the genus occur in Mexico, but they are herbaceous
plants.
Mimite@etol Si mmm: wides)— a4 -s:ese= 3 elie alleges 1. A. virgatum.
Bitte bOn. OG SIQIN WIG G22 eee | ee na eee eee 2. A. fruticosum.
1. Acuan virgatum (L.) Medic. Theod. Sp. 62. 1786.
Mimosa virgata L. Sp. Pl. 519. 1753.
Desmanthus virgatus Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1047. 1806.
Sonora to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in
tropical America.
More commonly, perhaps, a herbaceous plant, but often a shrub 1 to 3 meters
high; leaflets 2 to 4 mm. long, oblong, obtuse; flowers white; fruit 4.5 to 10
em. long, glabrous.
2. Acuan fruticosum (Rose) Standl.
Desmanthus fruticosus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 131. pl. 18. 1892.
Baja California; type from Carmen Island.
Slender shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaflets oblong, 5 to 9 mm, long; fruit
4 to 8 cm. long.
8. LEUCAENA Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 416. 1842.
Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves bipinnate, the leaflets few and large or
numerous and small, the petiole usually glanduliferous; stipules small; flowers
in dense globose heads, white; fruit flat, stipitate, bivalvate.
‘Some of the South American species are said to be employed to poison or
stupefy fish.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 367 -
Leaflets large, most of them 0.8 to 3 cm. wide, comparatively few.
Mature fruit 2.5 to 4.5 cm. wide.
Leaflets 6 to 8 pairs; pinnae 3 to 6 pairs____------__--__- 1. L. plurijuga.
Leaflets 2 to 4 pairs; pinnae 2 or 8 pairs.
Leaflets lance-ovate, 1.5 to 2.3 em. wide; fruit 2.5 to 3 cm. wide.
2. L. macrophylla.
Leaflets broadly ovate or oval, most of them 2.5 to 3.5 cm. wide; fruit
3-5ute, 4:5). Git widestshect = als ownisrey Dy aeiti page 3. L. macrocarpa.
Mature fruit less than 2 cm. wide.
Leaflets lance-oblong or oblong-ovate, 0.8 to 1.8 cm. wide__4. L. lanceolata.
Leaflets oval or rounded-oval, most of them 1.5 to 3.5 cm. wide or larger.
5. L. microcarpa.
Leaflets small, 1 to 8 mm. wide, numerous.
Young branches. sharply angulate._.+2=-.22» ---te seek 6. L. esculenta,
Young branches terete.
Corolla glabrous.
Leaflets 6 mm. long or shorter.
Leaflets thin, linear-oblong, the venation plane, rounded or obtuse at
Cl: ee eee a Pea, Se Pen SS ence eee ace ee: 7. L. diversifolia.
Leaflets coriaceous, oval-oblong or broadly oblong, the venation proini-
nent beneath, cuspidate at apex_________-_--_-_ 8. L. cuspidata.
Leaflets 10 mm. long or longer. |
Leaflets oblong, obtuse or rounded at apex, 8 to 8 mm. wide; fruit
pupenulent, 2-2... 2 ew BE ets eA 2 9. L. shannoni.
Leaflets narrowly lance-oblong, acute, 2.5 to 4 mm. wide; fruit glabrous.
10. L. glabrata.
Oorolla pubescent.
Limb of the corolla pilose with spreading yellow hairs; beak of the fruit
155) tO sa CT OM Oe et SP ache at os pee pepe Ee 11. L. greggii.
Limb of the corolla pilose with minute appressed hairs; beak of the fruit
less than 1 cm. long.
Corolla 3 to 4 times as long as the calyx_________ 12. L. pulverulenta.
Corolla about twice as long as the calyx.
Leatlets- G10 15,mm, JONG 22h ee a ee 13. L. glauca.
Leaflets 2 to 5 mm. long.
Leaflets glabrous on the faces, the costa impressed beneath.
14. L. brachycarpa.
Leaflets densely pilose on both surfaces with minute, mostly spread-
ing hairs, the costa prominent beneath_____ 15. L. stenocarpa.
1. Leucaena plurijuga Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 189. 1919.
Querétaro, Guanajuato, and Michoacin; type from Monte Leén, Michoacan.
Leaflets oblong or oval, 2 to 3 cm, long, rounded at apex, nearly glabrous; fruit
about 24 cm. long.
2. Leucaena macrophylla Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 90. 1844.
Colima to Guerrero; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Reported from Panama.
Small tree, about 3.5 meters high; leaflets 5 to 6.5 cm. long, acute, pubescent
beneath when young, glabrate in age; fruit about 20 cm. long.
8. Leucaena macrocarpa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 327. f. 6. 1895.
Tepic to Colima; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high; leaflets 4 to 9 cm. long, acute
or obtuse, bright green, nearly glabrous; flower heads 1 cm. in diameter, race-
mose.
368 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Leucaena lanceolata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 427. 1886.
Sonora, Chihuahua, and Sinaloa; type from Hacienda San Miguel, Chihuahua.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaflets 2 to 4 cm. long, acute; flower heads 1.5 to
2 cm. in diameter; fruit 12 to 18 cm. long.
5. Leucaena microcarpa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 141. 1897.
Baja California and Sinaloa to Mozelos and Guerrero; type from Miraflores,
Baja California.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 6 meters high; leaflets 2 to 5.5 em. long, rounded to
acute at apex, thick, lustrous; flowers white, the heads 2 cm. in diameter.
* Guajillo” (Michoacin, Guerrero).
It is possible that the southern plant, with larger leaflets, represents another
species. All the material is very close to L. trichodes (Jacq.) Benth., of His-
paniola.
6. Leucaena esculenta (Moc. & Sessé) Benth. Trans. Linn. Soe. 80: 442. 1875.
Acacia esculenta Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 2: 470. 1825.
Mimosa esculenta Moc. & Sessé, Pl. Nov. Hisp. 178. 1887.
Jalisco to Puebla and Chiapas; type from ‘“ Nova-Hispania.”’
Tree, 6 to 15 meters high; leaves often 40 cm. long, the leaflets linear, 3 to
4 mm. long, glabrate; flowers white, odorless, the heads 2 cm. in diameter,
arranged in large racemes or panicles; fruit 12 to 27 cm. long, 2 to 3 em.
wide, red or purplish. ‘“ Guaje” or “huaje” (Jalisco, Mexico, Morelos, Oa-
xaca; derived from the Nahuatl huazin, hoatzin, or hoazrin) ; “ uachi blanco”
(Chiapas) ; “ huassi,” “ guaxi”’ (Otomi, Pejfafiel).
Sessé and Mocifio state that the pods were an article of commerce and that
the seeds, in spite of their unpleasant flavor, were eaten by the Indians, who
believed that they possessed aprodisiac properties. The seeds are still eaten
in Mexico, usually with salt.
This is probably the plant of which Sahagtn writes: “ There is a tree known
as uazin. It is of medium size; its trunk is smooth, likewise the leaves, which
are almost like those of the 4rbol del Pert [Schinus molle]. It bears a fruit
like that of the carob, which is good to eat and is offered for sale in the
markets.”
According to Robelo, the geographic name Oaxaca takes its derivation from
the word huazin, the Nahuatl form being Huaxyacae, or “place where the
huazin begins to grow.’ The word Huaxtl signifies “where the huaxin
abounds,” and Huajuapan “river of the huazin.” P
7. Leucaena diversifolia (Schlecht.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 417. 1842.
Acacia diversifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 570. 1838.
Jalisco to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Shrub; leaves large, glabrate; flower heads 2 cm. in diameter; fruit 15 to
20 cm. long, about 1.5 cm. wide, lustrous.
8. Leucaena cuspidata Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 189. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi.
Leaflets pale beneath; flower heads less than 1 cm. in diameter.
9. Leucaena shannoni Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 57: 419. 1914.
Chiapas. El Salvador (type locality).
Shrub or tree; leaflets oblong, 2.5 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse; flowers glabrous;
fruit puberulent.
10. Leucaena glabrata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 140. 1897.
Guerrero and Puebla to Chiapas: type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Tree, 9 to 12 meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. or more in diameter; leaflets
glabrous or nearly so. “ Guaje” (Guerrero).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 369
The Chiapas plant (known as “uaxi” or “ guacis”) has very short fruit,
and is perhaps distinct. The seeds are eaten raw when they are green.
11. Leucaena greggii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 23: 272. 1888.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; type from Rinconada. Southwestern Texas.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets 5 to 7 ram. long, acute,
glaucous; flower heads 1.5 em. in diameter; fruit 14 to 19 cm. long, 1 cm. wide;
wood hard, close-grained, brown, its specific gravity about 0.92.
12. Leucaena pulverulenta (Schlecht.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 417.
1842. ;
Acacia pulverulenta Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 571. 1838.
Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz; type from San Antonio, Veracruz.
Southwestern Texas.
Tree, sometimes 18 meters high, the tall straight trunk sometimes 50 em. in
diameter, covered with cinnamon-brown bark; leaflets 3 to 4 mm. long, glabrate;
flowers white, sweet-scented ; fruit 11 to 18 em. long, about 1.5 em. wide; wood
hard, heavy, close-grained, of a rich, dark brown color, the sapwood bright clear
yellow, the specific gravity about 0.67. ‘‘ Tepeguaje,” “ quiebra-hacha”’ (Tamau-
lipas).
The tree is a source of lumber, which is employed for general purposes.
13. Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 4: 416. 1842.
Mimosa glauca lL. Sp. Pl. 520, 1753.
Jaliseo to Michoacin, Chiapas, and Yucatan. Widely distributed in tropical
and subtropical America.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk 10 em. in diameter, the
bark dark brown, somewhat scaly; leaves 10 to 30 em. long; flowers whitish ;
fruit 10 to 15 em. long, 1.5 cm. wide; wood hard, close-grained, light brown.
“Xaxim” (Yucatan, Maya); “ uaxi,”’ ‘“guacis” (Chiapas); ‘aroma blanca”
(Cuba) ; “ hediondilla ” (Porto Rico) ; “‘ granalino” (Santo Domingo).
There is a prevalent belief in tropical America that if horses, mules, or pigs
eat any part of the plant their hair will fall out. Cattle are said not to be
affected, and in Mauritius the plant is considered valuable as forage for goats.
The seeds are sometimes used for making necklaces, bracelets, and other articles.
Grosourdy reports that the roots have emmenagogue and abortive properties.
The plant has been introduced into the tropics of the old World, where it is
sometimes planted for hedges. It grows readily from cuttings. Its most com-
mon English name is “ lead-tree,” but in the Bahamas it is known as “ jumby-
bean.”
14. Leucaena brachycarpa Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 265. 1900.
Veracruz. Described from plants cultivated in Jamaica.
Tree, 7.5 meters high; flower heads 1 cm. in diameter; fruit 10 to 11 cm. long,
1.2 cm. wide.
15. Leucaena stenocarpa Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 266. 1900.
Oaxaca; type from foothills of the Sierra de San Felipe.
Small tree, 4.5 meters high; fruit about 10 cm. long and 1.2 em. wide.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
LEUCAENA LAXIFOLIA Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 296, 1900. Described from Mex-
ico. Closely related to ZL. diversifolia (Schlecht.) Benth.
LEUCAENA TRICHANDRA (Zuce.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 267. 1900. Acacia tri-
chandra Zuce. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 349. 1838. Described from culti-
vated specimens, probably of Mexican origin. Very closely related to L. diversi-
folia, and doubtfully distinct. Bentham considered it synonymous with that
species.
370 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. ACACIA Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1049. 1806.
REFERENCE: Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 444-533. 1875.
Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, usually armed with spines; leaves bipinnate,
the leaflets usually small and numerous, the petiole usually glanduliferous;
flowers small but often showy, capitate or spicate, the stamens numerous
(sometimes as many as 400), exserted; fruit very variable in form.
The species of Acacia are widely distributed in the tropics of both hemis-
pheres, being particularly abundant in Australia. Many of them yield useful
gums, gum arabic being furnished by A. scorpioides (L.) W. F. Wight [A.
arabica (Lam.) Willd.] and other species. This gum is employed in medicine
as a remulcent and has varied uses in different industries.
A. Spines very large, most of them 5 mm. wide at the base or often much
broader, either inflated and then usually punctured by ants or flattened
and sword-shaped, never abruptly recurved, sometimes boat-shaped.
Involucel borne at or above the middle of the peduncle; bractlets of the
flower heads not peltate; spines often puberulent when young.
Flowers in globose heads. ,
SPINESMDOAt- SIAC em fa eRe ee Ree 1. A. cochliacantha.
Spines'’sword-shaped, flatunes so Homer 90 yo 2. A. macracantha,
Flowers in cylindrical spikes.
Spines turgid and only slightly compressed___________ 3. A. standleyi.
Spines flat, strongly compressed___________-__-__________ 4. A. gladiata.
Involucel borne near the base of the peduncle, or at least below the middle;
bractlets peltate; spines glabrous.
Fruit indehiscent, terete, terminating in a spinose beak.
Flowers in globose or oblong-globose heads_______ 5. A. sphaerocephala.
Flowers in long cylindric spikes___________________ 6. A. cornigera.
Fruit dehiscent.
Fruit opening by a single suture. Flowers spicate________ 7. A. hindsii.
Fruit opening by 2 sutures.
Flowers in globose heads ite: 2) jiutete sth elim 8. A. globulifera.
Flowers in cylindric spikes.
Spines much broadened and compressed at base; fruit somewhat
eolipressedis- ter aa rtd eats ci veyt free head ail 9. A. nelsonii.
Spines little broadened and scarcely at all compressed; fruit terete
orinearly SOnLAM mee Sit (Oe stat aati ay _age 10. A. collinsii-
AA. Spines often wanting, when present much smaller, usually much less than
5 mm. wide at base, never boat-shaped or large and sword-shaped, often
abruptly recurved.
B. Flowers spicate.
Leaflets large, all or most of them more than 1 em. wide.
Flowers pedicellate. Plant glabrous____________.____ 11. A. reniformis.
Flowers sessile.
Stipular spines mostly 1 to 8 em. long_______________ 13. A. conzattii.
Stipular spines 5 mm. long or shorter.
Leaves densely short-pilose at maturity__________ 15. A. californica.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so at maturity or puberulent.
HRUGeO” MM Wie OF NaArlO wel = sae ae meee 14. A. pringlei.
Fruit 1 to 2.5 em. wide.
Pinnae one pair; leaflets subchartaceous, longer than broad.
16. A. unijuga.
Pinnae 2 or 8 pairs; leaflets coriaceous, nearly as broad as long.
12. A. sororia.
rae
ee
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 371
STANDLEY
Leaflets small, the largest 6 mm. wide. _
Petioles flat, striate, usually 10 to 20 cm. long; leaflets soon deciduous.
17. A. willardiana.
Petioles not flat and striate, commonly less than 10 cm. long; leaflets per-
sistent.
Stipules spinelike, usually 1 to 3 cm. long.
Leaflets glabrousses2ssiiwle. a. eles tS 18. A. amentacea.
Leaflets pubescent.
Fruit densely hirtellousiu2_0s 22 2 1 be weerigies | 19. A. bilimekii.
Fruit glabrous or minutely puberulent_________ 20. A. sonorensis.
Stipules not spinelike, the spines all less than 1 em. long.
Leaflets 3 to 7 pairs.
Leaflets 2.5 to 4 mm. long; fruit about 1.5 cm. wide.
21. A. greggii.
Leaflets mostly 6 to 10 mm. long; fruit 2 em. wide or wider.
22. A. wrightii.
Leaflets 10 to many pairs in all or most of the leaves.
Rachis of the leaves with recurved spines__________ 23. A. iguana,
Rachis of the leaves unarmed.
Pinnae much shorter than the rachis of the leaf, usually numerous
(commonly 15 or more).
Fruit velvety-puberulent, about 2 em. wide__24. A. macilenta.
Fruit glabrous or nearly so, about 1.5 em. wide. :
Rachis of the leaves glabrous___________ 25. A. millefolia.
Rachis of the leaves densely short-pilose__32. A. acatlensis.
Pinnae nearly or quite as long as the rachis or often longer,
usually less than 10.
Leaflets 7 to dO) pairsies2 242 bey yjon sti 26. A. rotundata.
Leaflets 10 to many pairs.
Pinnae 2 to 5 pairs.
Leaflets 8 to 11 mm. long________________ 27. A. gaumeri.
Leaflets 2 to 6 mm. long.
Surfaces of the leaflets glabrous, the margins ciliate.
28. A. dolichostachya.
Surfaces, at least the lower one, of the leaflets puberu-
lent or sericeous.
Leaflets about 2 mm. long; fruit 16 mm. wide.
29. A. compacta.
Leaflets 6 mm. long; fruit 8 mm. wide.
30. A. mammifera.
Pinnae 6 to 10 pairs in all or most of the leaves.
Pinnae mostly 5 to 8 em. long; fruit glabrous.
31. A. coulteri.
Pinnae mostly 1.5 to 3 em. long; fruit pubescent.
32. A. acatlensis.
BB. Flowers capitate.
Stipules spinose, stout, straight, usually long.
Fruit covered with thick stalked glands____----~-+-_-- 83. A. glandulifera.
Fruit without glands, or the glands sessile.
Fruit flat, bivalvate; bracts borne near the middle of the peduncle.
Fruit 2 to 8 em. long, strongly curved; spines very slender, yellowish.
84. A. biaciculata.
Fruit 5 to 12 em. long, straight or nearly so; spines stout, brown,
white, or grayish.
372 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM:
Pinnae 4 to 9 (rarely 3) pairs; leafiets usually puberulent, slightly
or! 1egeht :all) viecld® 2) OE wll oteeys Aint 35. A. constricta.
Pinnae 1 or 2 (rarely 3) pairs; leaflets glabrous, very viscid.
86, A. vernicosa.
Fruit turgid, tardily or not at all dehiscent; bracts borne at the summit
of the peduncle. .
Pinnae 2 to 8 pairs.
Bruit glabrous, 5 to:7.5 em. long-- 52 *Aseeadtas 37. A. farnesiana.
Fruit pubescent, 7.5 to 10 cm. long_____________ 38. A. tortuosa.
Pinnae 10 to 60 pairs.
Nuit Zoto 2b9cmrewides ee als aul Megives 40 39. A. pennatula.
Wroit:0.7 to 1 em: wide 22. Series Fe 1. A. cochliacantha.
Stipules not spinose, the spines infrastipular.
©. Leaflets large, more than 5 mm. wide, usually 1 to 2.5 em.
Leaflets one pair, thick-coriaceous____________._____ 40. A. crassifolia.
Leaflets 2 to many pairs, usually thin.
Leafiets 2vore3 ipairswin_ is jie of eviorn vaeer ot if sielia 41. A. rosei.
Leaflets 4 to many pairs.
Stems densely setose-pilose______________________ 42. A. crinita.
Stems glabrous.
Costa of the leaflets strongly excentric; fruit 3 cm. wide; plants
armed with short spines__________~_=2__ 43. A. anisophylla.
Costa of the leaflets nearly central; fruit about 1.2 em. wide;
plants unarmed. ;
Leaflets oblong or oval-oblong, chartaceous, the venation not
prominent on the upper surface______ 52. A. penicillata.
Leafiets broadly oval or suborbicular, nearly as broad as long,
coriaceous, the venation prominent on the upper surface.
53. A. tequilana.
CC. Leafiets small, less than 5 mm. wide.
D. Petioles without glands; flowers pedicellate; plants unarmed.
E. Stems hirsute or pilose with long or with short and dense, spread-
ing hairs.
Margins of the leaflets revolute; leaflets usually pubescent on both
surfaces with short curved hairs______ 44. A. polypodioides,
Margins of the leaflets plane; leaflets glabrous on the faces or pilose
with short straight hairs.
Pinnae 2 to 5 pairs; leaflets 10 to 13 pairs. Stems hirsute.
45. A. leucothrix.
Pinnae usually 5 to 10 pairs or more; leaflets numerous.
Venation of the lower surface of the leaflets not elevated.
Leaflets glabrous beneath _______________ 46. A. villosa.
Venation of the lower surface of the leaflets elevated.
Leaflets glabrous beneath, ciliate; fruit hirsute; stems
sparsely bitsutes sss. eee 47. A. filicioides.
Leaflets pilose beneath; fruit glabrous or nearly so; stems
densely short-pilose___________________ 48. A. elegans.
EE. Stems glabrous or puberulent, the pubescence of short, appressed
or incurved hairs.
Leaflets 1.5 mm. wide or narrower, oblong-linear or narrowly ob-
long, the venation not reticulate, although sometimes prominu-
lous.
Venation of the lower surface of the leaflets elevated.
48. A. elegans.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 878
Venation of the lower surface of the leaflets not elevated.
Pinnae usually 3 to 6 pairs; leaflets commonly 10 to 15 pairs;
leaves rarely over 5 em. long________._ 49. A. cuspidata.
Pinnae usually 6 to 10 or more pairs; leaflets numerous; leaves
usually 8 to 10 em. long or larger____50. A. angustissima.
Leaflets 2 to 7 mm. wide, oval or broadly oblong, the venation
reticulate, prominent.
BinnNagers) tombe pains sas ar se os we bee Boys el tat 51. A. laevis.
Pinnae 3 to 5 pairs.
Leaflets oval-oblong, about twice as long as broad.
52. A. penicillata.
Leaflets quadrangular-orbicular, nearly as broad as long.
53. A. tequilana.
I)I), Petioles with glands; flowers sessile or nearly so; plants usually
armed with spines.
Pinnae 6 to many pairs in all or most of the leaves.
Leafiets linear or oblong-linear, 1 mm. wide or narrower.
Fruit long-stipitate, glabrous or nearly so, very thin.
54. A. paniculata.
Fruit sessile, densely velvety-puberulent, thick.
55. A. berlandieri.
Leaflets oblong, or narrowly oblong, more than 1 mm, wide.
Costa of the leaflets close to the upper margin.
56. A. glomerosa.
Costa remote from the margin.
Leaflets thick, densely puberulent beneath; fruit subsessile,
densely puberulent, the valves thick__57. A. subangulata.
Leaflets thin, glabrous or nearly so; fruit stipitate, glabrate,
EER Vet VCS tT ee eee er ee eee 58. A. riparia.
Pinnae 1 to 4 pairs.
Rachis of the leaves or pinnae armed with spines.
Leafiets glabrous, 4 or 5 pairs_______- 59. A. palmeri.
Leaflets pubescent, 6 to 14 pairs.
Leaflets 6 to 10 pairs; valves of the fruit thin.
60. A. malacophylla.
Leaflets 10 to 14 pairs; valves of the fruit thick.
61. A. purpusii.
Rachis of the leaves and pinnae unarmed. 4
Leaflets 1.5 mm. wide or narrower_________ 62. A. occidentalis.
Leaflets 2.5 to 5 mm. wide.
Leaflets oval-oblong, bright green_________ 63. A. micrantha.
Leaflets cuneate-oblong, glaucescent_______ 64. A. roemeriana.
1. Acacia cochliacantha Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1081. 1806.
Mimosa campeachiana Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Mimosa no. 20. 1768.
Chihuahua to Baja California, Puebla, and Chiapas. South America; type
from Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high; spines, especially those on sterile
branches, very large, 1.5 to 5 cm. long, boat-shaped, brown or gray, those on
fertile branches mostly subulate; leaflets very numerous, 2 to 3 mm. long,
linear; flowers yellow; fruit compressed or nearly terete, usually 9 to 10 em.
long, blackish brown, tardily dehiscent or indehiscent. “ Quisache cortefio,”
“quisache tepamo” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “cucharitas,” “palo de cuchari-
tas” (Oaxaca).
374 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The spines are very different from those of any other species. Palmer re-
ports that a decoction of the plant is used in Sonora as a remedy for affec-
tions of the bladder.
2. Acacia macracantha Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1080. 1806.
Mimosa lutea Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Mimosa no. 17. 1768.
Acacia lutea Hitche. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 88. 1898. Not A. lutea Leavenw.
1824.
Sinaloa to Puebla and Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, and South
America.
Shrub or small tree; spines 2.5 to 5 em. long, compressed, brown or gray;
leaflets numerous, linear, about 2 mm. long; flowers yellow, the heads about
8 mm. in diameter; fruit 10 to 12 cm. long, somewhat compressed, dark brown,
tardily if at all dehiscent.
3. Acacia standleyi Safford, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 4: 367. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, Acaponeta, Tepic.
Shrub; spines 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, castaneous or grayish, slightly compressed ;
leaflets about 3 mm. long; flowers yellow, the very dense spikes 2 em. long.
4. Acacia gladiata Safford, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 5: 359. f. 2. 1915.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Rosario, Sinaloa.
Spines 3.5 to 5 cm. long, almost flat, brown or gray ; leaflets 3 to 4 mm. Jong.
Probably only a form of A. standleyi.
5. Acacia sphaerocephala Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 594. 1830.
Acacia veracruzensis Schenck, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 362. 1913.
Acacia dolichocephala Safford, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 5: 355. 1915.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Yucatan.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high; spines mostly 4 to 11 ecm. long,
terete or nearly so, whitish, pale brown, or yellowish; leaflets oblong-linear, 5
to 8 mm. long; flowers yellow; fruit about 5 ecm. long, red or reddish brown,
with a very long sharp beak. ‘“ Cornezuelo” (Tamaulipas) ; “ zubin,” “ zubin-
ché” (Yucatén, Maya).
The seeds are imbedded in abundant pulp. In this, as in the following species
(nos. 6 to 10), the bull-horn acacias, the large spines are usually inhabited by
ferocious ants, which enter the spines by a puncture near the apex. These ants
subsist upon nectar of the large pale glands which are borne as appendages upon
the tips of the leaflets.
6. Acacia cornigera (L.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1080. 1806.
Mimosa cornigera L. Sp. Pl. 520. 1753.
Acacia spadicigera Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 595. 1830.
Acacia hernandezii Safford, Journ. Washington Acad. Sei. 4: 358. 1914.
Acacia furcella Safford, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 4: 359. 1914.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz to Chiapas, and probably elsewhere; described
from a cultivated plant of Mexican origin. Central America.
Shrub or small tree; spines 2.5 to 10 cm. long, terete or slightly compressed,
varying in color from brownish yellow to almost black, often recurved or
twisted ; leaflets about 8 mm. long, glabrous, the nectar glands 1 to 2 mm. long;
flowers yellow, the very dense thick spikes 2.5 to 4 em. long; fruit 2.5 to 6 cm.
long, red or brown at maturity. ‘“ Espino blanco” (Chiapas) ; “ zubin,” “ zubin-
ché” (Yucatin, Maya, Seler) ; “ cornezuelo” (Tabasco, Rovirosa, Nicaragua) ;
“euernos del toro” (Oaxaca); “farbol del cuerno” (Veracruz) ; “ cuernitos”
(Veracruz, Oaxaca); “ huitzmamaxalli” of Hernandez; “ iscanal blanco” (El
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 875
Salvador). The name “ tépame”’ is reported from Jalisco and Guerrero, but may
refer to some other species.
The young shoots are said to be cooked and eaten, and the leaves to be used
for the bites of insects, ete.
7%. Acacia hindsii’? Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 504. 1842.
Acacia sinaloensis Safford, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 4: 365. 1914.
Acacia tepicana Safford, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 4: 366. 1914.
Sinaloa to Chiapas; type from Manzanillo, Colima.
“Shrub or small tree; spines mostly 3 to 5 cm. long, brown, gray, or black,
usually much compressed and often 2 cm. wide at base; leaflets 3 to 8 mm.
long; flowers yellow, the spikes slender, 3 to 5 cm. long; fruit usually 4 to 6
em. long, brown or blackish, beaked, more or less compressed. ‘‘ Guisache
cortefio,” “ cornezuelo’”’ (Michoacin, Guerrero); “carretadera” (Sinaloa).
The spines vary greatly in form and color in this and related species,
so that it is doubtful whether they afford characters of any value for the
separation of species. The bark is employed in Sinaloa as a remedy for
scorpion stings.
8. Acacia globulifera Safford, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 4: 360, 1914.
Type from Tsilam, Yucatan.
Spines 3 to 4 em. long, terete or slightly compressed, pale; leaflets 3 to 4
mm. long; flowers yellow, in small heads.
A. chiapensis Safford’ is probably the same species, but since it was described
from fruiting specimens and A. globulifera from specimens with flowers, it
is impossible to be certain. A. chiapensis was based on specimens collected near
San Fernandino, Chiapas. It is a shrub or small tree, 3 to 5 meters high.
9. Acacia nelsonii Safford, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 4: 363. 1914.
Vicinity of the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Spines 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, grayish or brownish, polished; leaflets about 1
em. long.
10. Acacia collinsii Safford, Science n. ser. 31: 677. 1910.
Acacia yucatanensis Schenck. Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 361. 1913.
Chiapas and Yucat4n; type collected between Chicoasen and San Fernandino,
Chiapas. ‘ /
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; spines 3 to 5 em. long, brown or brownish,
polished; leaflets about 1 cm. long; spikes very thick and dense, the flowers
yellow ; fruit short, slightly or not at all compressed.
11. Acacia reniformis Benth. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 59. pl. 1165. 1875.
Known only from the type locality, banks of the Rio Moctezuma, near Las
Apuntas.
Glabrous shrub; pinnae 1 or 2 pairs, the leaflets one pair, orbicular-reniform,
2.5 to 3.5 cm. wide, coriaceous; stipules large, persistent; spikes 2.5 to 3.5
em. long, lax.
* Richard Brinsley Hinds was an officer of H. M. 8. Sulphur, a British ship
which was engaged from 1836 to 1842 in surveying the western coast of America,
the field of operations extending from Peru to Alaska. The botanical collections
were obtained by Hinds, Dr. Sinclair, an officer of the ship, and George Barclay,
a gardener from Kew. Plants were collected in Mexico about San Blas and
Tepic, and at Cape San Lucas and Magdalena Bay, Baja California. They were
reported upon by Hinds, the new species being described by Bentham.
* Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 5: 356. 1915.
55268—22. 14
376 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
12. Acacia sororia Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 186. 1919.
Querétaro; type from Higuerillas.
Leaflets one pair, oval or orbicular, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, coriaceous, puberulent;
fruit strongly compressed, bivalvate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide, puberulent.
13. Acacia conzattii Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 186. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Estaci6én Almaloyas, Oaxaca, altitude
800 meters.
Pinnae one pair, the leaflets 2 pairs, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long; spikes long and
slender.
14. Acacia pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 316. 1895.
Oaxaca and Guerrero; type from Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca.
Tree, 6 to 9 meters high; leaflets 1.5 to 5 cm. long, bright green, glabrate;
spikes sometimes 12 cm. long; fruit about 15 cm. long, glabrous.
15. Acacia californica T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 221. 1892.
Southern Baja California; type from La Palma.
Tree, 5 to 8 meters high, with very short stout spines; pinnae one pair, the
leaflets 2 pairs, oval or rounded, 1 to 3 ecm. long, thick; flowers cream-colored,
the spikes 5 to 10 em. long. ‘‘ Guamuchilillo.”
16. Acacia unijuga Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 32. f. 8. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, Las Palmas, San Luis Potosi.
Large tree, armed with very short spines; leaflets 2 to 3 cm. long; spikes very
slender and interrupted ; fruit flat, 1.7 to 2.5 em. wide, puberulent.
17. Acacia willardiana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 88. 1890.
Prosopis heterophylla Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 82. 1846. Not Acacia heter-
ophylla Willd. 1805.
Sonora (type locality) and Baja California.
Slender unarmed tree, 3 to 5 meters high, the bark exfoliating in thin yellow-
ish papery sheets; leaflets pale green, 2 to 6 mm. long, soon deciduous from the
persistent petiole; flowers pale yellow, the spikes 3 to 6 cm. long; fruit flat,
0.8 to 1.5 cm. wide, glabrous. “ Palo liso,” “ palo blanco” (Sonora).
18. Acacia amentacea DC. Prodr. 2: 455. 1825.
Acacia, rigidula Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 504. 1842.
uesLcon, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosi. Southwestern Texas.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high; spines straight, sometimes 5 cm.
long; pinnae 1 pair, the leaflets few, oblong, about 1 cm. long, lustrous; spikes
short, the flowers yellow, sweet-scented; fruit 3 to 4 mm. wide, compressed,
brown, puberulent. ‘“ Gavia” (Tamaulipas) ; “ chaparro prieto” (Nuevo Leén,
Tamaulipas).
19. Acacia bilimekii Macbride, Contr. Gray. Herb. n. ser. 59: 6. 1919.
Acacia sericocarpa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 300. 1905. Not A. seri-
cocarpa Fitzg. 1904.
Acacia ambigua Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 31. f. 7. 1908. Not A. am-
bigua Hoffmg. 1826.
Morelos and Puebla; type from Matamoros, Puebla.
Low .shrub, densely pubescent; spines 1 to 2 em. long, whitish; leaflets ob-
long, about 1 cm. long; fruit 5 mm. wide.
20. Acacia sonorensis Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 31. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrub ; pinnae one pair, the leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, oblong, 6 to 12 mm. long.
21. Acacia greggii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 65. 1852.
Chihuahua and Coahuila; type from valley west of Patos. Western Texas
to southern Arizona.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. oa
Shrub or tree, sometimes 9 meters high, with a trunk 30 ecm. in diameter;
pinnae 1 to 3 pairs; flowers yellowish, fragrant, the spikes 3 to 5 cm. long;
fruit flat, 8 to 12 em. long; wood hard, strong, durable, reddish brown, its
specific gravity about 0.85. “ Ufia de gato” (Chihuahua, New Mexico, Texas,
Arizona) ; “ gatufio” (Chihuahua).
A gum similar to gum arabic, which exudes from the trunk, is used locally.
The seeds were used for food by some of the Indians of Arizona and Mexico.
22. Acacia wrightii Benth.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 64. 1852.
Tamaulipas to Sonora and Baja California. Western Texas (type locality )
to southern California.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 9 meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. in diameter,
the bark thin, broken into grayish brown scales; pinnae 2 or 38 pairs, the
leaflets oblong or obovate; flowers light yellow, the spikes 3 to 5 cm. long;
fruit flat, 8 to 11 cm, long, thin; wood hard, close-grained, light brown, its
specific gravity about 0.94. “ Ufia de gato” (Nuevo Leén); “ufla de gato
negra” (Tamaulipas).
The wood is of little use exeept for fuel.
23. Acacia iguana Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 281. pl. 25.
1903.
Michoacan and Guerrero; type from La Puerta.
Tree, 12 to 15 meters high, armed with short, recurved spines; leaflets
oblong, 8 to 15 mm. long; flowers yellowish white, the spikes short or elongate.
“Rabo de iguana.”
24. Acacia macilenta Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 31. 1903.
Type from Colima; a fruiting specimen from Jalisco also may belong here.
Tree, 6 meters high, the trunk 7.5 to 12.5 em. in diameter; pinnae 25 pairs
or fewer, the leaflets numerous, linear, 4 mm. long; flowers sweet-scented,
the spikes 10 to 12 em. long; fruit flat, about 11 cm. long and 2 ecm. wide, very
thin.
25. Acacia millefolia S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 427. 1886.
Chihuahua to Sinaloa; type from Hacienda San José, southwestern Chi-
huahua. Southern Arizona.
Shrub, 3 meters high. with very short spines; leafiets aiaoraae eee 3
to 7 mm. long; fruit 10 to 15 cm. long.
26. Acacia rotundata Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 521. 1875.
Type from somewhere in Mexico; species not seen by the writer.
Pinnae 1 to 8 pairs; leaflets few, oblong-linear; spikes lax, about 2.5 em.
long.
27. Acacia gaumeri Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 44.1921.
Known only from Yucatin, the type locality.
Tree, 8 meters high; pinnae 4 pairs; leaflets 9 to 16 pairs, oblong, appressed-
pubescent beneath; spikes paniculate, 1 to 1.5 em. long; ovary pilose.
28. Acacia dolichostachya Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 43. 1921.
Type from Yucatan.
Stems unarmed, glabrous; pinnae 5 pairs; leaflets 24 to 29 pairs, linear-
oblong, about 3.5 mm. long; spikes 8 to 3.5 em. long; ovary glabrous.
29. Acacia compacta Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 31. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, Tomellfn Canyon. Oaxaca.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; pinnae 2 to 5 pairs; flowers yellow, the spikes
dense, 2.5 to 3 cm. long; fruit flat, 10 em. long, 1.5 cm. wide.
30. Acacia mammifera Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 563. 1838.
Known only from the type locality, Barranca de Acholoya.
378 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Glabrate unarmed shrub; pinnae 2 to 4 pairs, the leaflets narrowly elliptic.
puberulent ; spikes 2.5 to 5 cm. long; fruit flat, 7.5 to 15 cm. long, 8 mm. wide.
831. Acacia coulteri Benth.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 66. 1852.
Sonora to Tamaulipas and Hidalgo; type from Zimapan, Hidalgo.
Slender shrub or tree, 3 to 10 meters high, unarmed or nearly so, the trunk
sometimes 60 cm. in diameter; leaflets 4 to 6 mm. long; flowers whitish, in long
slender spikes; fruit about 15 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, flat. ‘“ Tepeguaje”
(Durango) ; “ palo de arco,” “ huajillo” (Tamaulipas).
Wood very hard; used for tool handles, general construction, and fuel.
82. Acacia acatlensis Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 5138. 1842.
Acacia sericea Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 309. 1848.
Acacia pueblensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 85. 1910.
Jalisco to Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Yucatin; type from Acatlan.
Tree, 3 to 8 meters high, armed with short stout spines, or sometimes un-
armed; leaflets oblong-linear, 2 to 5 mm. long; flowers white, in long spikes.
“ Guayolote’”’ (Michoacan).
33. Acacia glandulifera S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 147. 1890.
Coahuila; type from Carneros Pass.
Shrub, about 60 cm. high; spines stout, about 1 cm. long; leaflets few, 2 to 3
mm. long; flower heads 5 to 7 mm. in diameter; fruit 6 to 8 ‘em. long, about 7
mm. wide, very rough.
34. Acacia biaciculata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 452. 1886.
Chihuahua; type from sandy plains near the city of Chihuahua.
Shrub, the prostrate branches a meter long or shorter; spines very slender, 1
to 1.5 em. long; leaflets few, 3 to 4 mm. long; flowers orange, in small long-
pedunculate heads; fruit 3 to 4 em. long, 4 mm. wide, compressed, falcate,
pubescent.
35. Acacia constricta Benth.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 66. 1852.
Sonora to Tamaulipas, Puebla, and Zacatecas, on dry plains and hillsides,
often forming extensive thickets. Western Texas (type locality) to southern
Arizona.
Shrub, 1 to 6 meters high, with reddish brown branches; spines 1 to 2.5 cm.
long; leaflets mostly 2 to 3 mm. long; flowers yellow, sweet-scented; fruit 6 to
12 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, constricted between the seeds. “ Huisache”
(Zacatecas, Coahuila, ete.) ; “ gigantillo,’ “vara prieta,” ‘“ chaparro prieto”
(Durango, Patoni) ; “largoncillo” (Chihuahua).
36. Acacia vernicosa Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 187. 1919.
Sonora and Chihuahua to Zacatecas and Querétaro; type from Santa Rosalia,
Chihuahua. Western Texas to southern Arizona.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, similar to the preceding species.
37. Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1083. 1806.
Mimosa farnesiana L. Sp. Pl. 521. 1753.
Vachellia farnesiana Wight & Arn. Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 272. 1834.
Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical
regions of both hemispheres; probably adventive in the Old World; type from
Santo Domingo.
Shrub or tree, 1 to 9 meters high, the short trunk sometimes 45 cm. in diameter,
the branches spreading or drooping; bark thin, peeling off in long, reddish
brown scales; spines 1 to 2.5 em. long; leaflets 2 to 6 mm. long; flowers bright
yellow, very sweet-scented; fruit dark brown or purplish; wood hard, close-
grained, brownish red to yellow, its specific gravity about 0.83. “ Binorama ” or
“vinorama” (Sonora, Baja California, Sinaloa); ‘“huisache” or “ huizache”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 379
(Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Querétaro, Durango, Coahuila, Texas, ete. ;
from the Nahuatl huitz-arin) ; ‘“guisache yondiro” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ;
“quisache” (Chiapas); ‘“‘huisache de la semilla,” “ huixachin,” “ uisatsin ”
(Morelos, Oaxaca, Seler) ; ‘“xkantiriz” (Yucatan, Maya); “ matitas” (Rami-
rez); “fifiisachi” (Guanajuato, Dugés); “bihi” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ;
“espino” (Oaxaca); “aroma” or “aromo” (Yucatan, Nicaragua, Costa Rica,
Porto Rico, Colombia, Peru, Philippines, etc.) ; ‘‘ zubin,” “‘ zubin-ché” (Yucatan,
Maya, Seler); “ gabia” or ‘“ gavia” (Durango, Patoni); “subin” (Honduras
Pittier) ; ‘aroma amarilla”’ (Cuba) ; ‘‘espino blanco”? (Guatemala, El Salva-
dor) ; “cachito de aroma ” (Nicaragua) ; “ cuji” (Venezuela) ; “ cuji cimarrén,”
“pel4,”’ “ufia de cabra’” (Colombia); ‘“espinillo” (Argentina, Uruguay).
Known in the southern United States as “ opoponax.”
In many parts of Mexico the plant is found chiefly about dwellings and
seems to be naturalized, but in other regions it appears to be native. The wood
is used for many purposes. The bark and fruit contain tannin and are used for
tanning and dyeing, and the fruit is often used for making ink. The viscous
juice of the pods is employed in some places for mending broken china. The
gum which exudes from the trunk is employed locally in making mucilage;
it is very similar to gum arabic. The leaves are of value as forage for stock,
especially in winter. In southern Europe the plant is cultivated extensively
for theeflowers (known in commerce as cassie flowers), from which perfume
is manufactured. As much as 100,000 pounds of them are harvested annually
about Grasse, France. In tropical America the flowers are often laid among
linen to impart their perfume to it. An ointment made from the flowers is
used in Mexico as a remedy for headache, and their infusion for dyspepsia.
The green fruit is very astringent, and a decoction is employed for dysentery,
inflammation of the skin and mucous membrane, ete. Seler reports even that
in San Luis Potosi a decoction of the roots is employed as a supposed remedy
for tuberculosis. The pulverized dried leaves are sometimes applied as a dress-
ing to wounds.
This is probably the plant reported from Baja California by Clavigero as
“huisache.’”’ The pods, he states, were used there for making ink. Cattle,
he says. are fond of the tender branches, but these impart a bad flavor to their
flesh. ;
38. Acacia tortuosa (L.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 10838. 1806.
Mimosa tortuosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1812. 1759.
Prosopis microphylla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 308. 1828.
Acacia subtortuosa Shafer in Britton, N. Amer. Trees 524. f. 485. 1908.
Durango to Tamaulipas, Hidalgo, and Colima. Western Texas; West Indies.
Shrub or tree, 1 to 6 meters high, the trunk sometimes 15 em. in diameter;
bark deeply fissured, blackish brown; spines 1 to 2 cm. long, whitish; pinnae
38 or 4 pairs, the leaflets 2 to 4 mm. long; flowers yellow, sweet-scented, the
heads about 1 cm. in diameter; fruit reddish brown. ‘“‘ Huisache” (Durango,
Aguascalientes) ; “ huisache chino” (Jalisco).
39. Acacia pennatula (Schlecht. & Cham.) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 390.
1842.
Inga pennatula Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 5938. 1830.
Sonora to Tamaulipas and Chiapas; type from Hacienda de la Laguna,
Veracruz. Guatemala and Nicaragua.
Shrub or tree, 3. to 6 meters high, copiously pubescent; spines short and
stout; pinnae very numerous, the leaflets crowded, 1 to 2 mm. long; flowers
yellow or orange, very fragrant, in rather large heads; fruit 7 to 13 cm. long,
compressed, dark brown, with very thick hard valves. “Tepame” (Jalisco) ;
380 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
“quisache tepano” (Michoacén, Guerrero); “algarroba” or ‘“ algarrobo”
(Senora, Oaxaca); ‘‘espino”’ (Sinaloa).
The bark is sometimes employed as a remedy for indigestion, and the wood
for making charcoal.
40. Acacia crassifolia A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. 5: 317. 1854.
Coahuila and San Luis Potosi; type from La Pena, Coahuila.
Branches reddish brown, glaucous when young, armed with few very small
spines; leaflets rounded or subremform, 2 to 5 ecm. wide, glabrous, very thick,
with prominent venation; heads racemose; fruit thick, about 7 em. long and 2
em. wide, slightly curved, glaucous.
41. Acacia rosei Stand]. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 187. 1919.
Sinaloa; type locality, Mazatlan.
Pinnae 2 pairs, the leaflets oval, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, thin, glabrate; flowers
white; fruit flat, very thin, about 1 cm. wide. “‘ Day.”
42. Acacia crinita T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 198. 1905.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Culiacaén.
Low shrub, the stems covered with stiff yellowish hairs 5 mm. long; leaf-
lets oval, 1.2 to 2 cm. long, glabrous, pale beneath; flowers white.
43. Acacia anisophylla S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 21: 452. 1886.
Known only from the type locality, mountain canyons near Jimulgo, Coa-
huila.
Small tree, sparsely armed with short straight spines; pinnae 1 to 3 pairs,
the leaflets 4 to 7 pairs, oblong, 6 to 14 mm. long; fruit compressed but very
thick, 10 to 12 cm. long, somewhat glaucous.
44, Acacia polypodioides Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 184. 1919.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Chiapa, Chiapas. Nicaragua.
Unarmed shrub, copiously pilose; leaflets numerous, 3 to 5 mm. long;
flowers white; fruit flat, thin, 8 to 11 mm. wide, pubescent.
45. Acacia leucothrix Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 185. 1919.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type from San Dieguito, San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, copiously hirsute; leaflets few, about 3 mm. long; flowers white, the
heads axillary, slender-pedunculate; fruit flat, thin, about 4.5 cm. long and
7 mm. wide, brown, glabrate.
46. Acacia villosa (Swartz) Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1067. 1806.
Mimosa villosa Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oce. 2: 982. 1800.
Acacia hirsuta Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 572. 1838.
? Acacia stipellata Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 574. 1838.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén to Oaxaca and Chiapas. West Indies and Central
America; southern United States; type from Jamaica.
Erect unarmed shrub, pubescent or glabrate; leaflets linear, 3 to 5 mm. long;
flowers white; fruit flat, thin.
47. Acacia filicioides (Cav.) Trel. Rep. Ark. Geol. Surv. 1888 ‘: 178. 1891.
Mimosa filicioides Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: 55. pl. 78. 1791.
Acacia filicina Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1072. 1806.
Acacia carbonaria Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 571. 1888.
Guerrero to Veracruz; type from somewhere.in Mexico.
Shrub, more or less hirsute throughout; leaflets oblong-linear, 3 to 5 mm.
long; flowers white; fruit flat, thin, about 5 em. long and 1 cm. wide.
It is possible that the name filicioides really applies to the plant here listed
as A. villosa, but Cavanilles’s plate seems to agree better with the present
plant.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 881
48. Acacia elegans Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 569. 1838.
Tepic to Guerrero and Morelos; type from Regia, Hidalgo.
Shrub or small tree, 2.5 to 5 meters high, unarmed; leaflets linear, 3 to 5 mm.
long; flowers white; fruit thin, flat, straight, about 1 em. wide.
49. Acacia cuspidata Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 573. 1838.
Chihuahua to Zacatecas and Puebla; type collected near Mexico City. Texas
to Arizona.
Low shrub, unarmed; leaflets oblong, 2 to 4 mm. long; flowers white; fruit
thin, flat, about 6 mm. wide, brown.
It is not certain that the name cuspidata really belongs to the plant to which
it is applied here.
50. Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 37: 47. 1898.
Mimosa angustissima Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Acacia no. 19. 1768.
Acacia glabrata Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 569. 1839.
Acacia elegans Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 312. 1843.
Acacia insignis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 315. 1848.
Distributed almost throughout Mexico; type from Campeche. Central Amer-
ica; southern United States.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4 meters high, unarmed, pubescent or glabrate;
leaflets mostly 3 to 5 mm. long; flowers white, the heads axillary or racemose;
fruit thin, flat, brown. The following names are reported for this and the
closely related species (nos. 42-48): “ Xaax” (Yucatén, Maya); “timbe”
(Baja California, Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi) ; “ cantem6 ” (Tabasco) ; ‘‘ guajillo”
(Sinaloa) ; ‘ palo de pulque”’ (Oaxaca).
In Oaxaca the bark is used for tanning skins and for inducing fermentation
in tepache.
51. Acacia laevis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 185. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Plants glabrous, unarmed; leaflets numerous, 4 to 5 mm. long, pale beneath ;
flower heads in long racemes.
52. Acacia penicillata Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 185. 1919.
Jalisco and Oaxaca; type from Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca.
Pinnae 3 to 5 pairs, the leaflets 8 to 138 mm. long; flower heads racemose,
about 2 em. in diameter; fruit flat, about 8 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide, glabrous,
glaucescent.
58. Acacia tequilana S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 409. 1887.
Durango, Jalisco, and San Luis Potosi; type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Glabrous shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high, unarmed; leaflets 0.8 to 2.5 em. long;
flowers white, the heads in long naked racemes; fruit 4.5 em. long and nearly
1 cm. wide, flat, thin, glaucescent. ;
54. Acacia paniculata Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1074. 1806.
Acacia picachensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 179. 1915.
Michoacan to Oaxaca. West Indies and South America; type from Brazil.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes scandent, armed with short recurved spines;
leaflets very numerous, 3 to 5 mm. long, glabrous; flowers white; fruit flat,
8 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 em. wide, brown, glabrous. ‘ Rabo de iguana ”’ (Micho-
acin, Guerrero) ; “ rabo de lagarto,” ‘ espino” (Oaxaca) ; “ tocino” (Cuba).
55. Acacia berlandieri Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 522. 1842.
Acacia tephroloba A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 65. 1852.
Coahuila to Veracruz and Querétaro; type from Nuevo Leén. Western Texas,
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high, pubescent, armed with short spines; leafiets
numerous, 3 to 6 mm. long; flowers white, sweet-scented; fruit flat, 9 to 16 cm.
long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, straight or curved, very densely velvety-puberulent.
382 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
“ Huajillo” (Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leén, Texas; sometimes written
“huajilla” or “ guajilla”) ; “ mimbre,” “ matorral” (Tamaulipas).
Wood sometimes used for tool handles and other small objects, also for fuel.
56. Acacia glomerosa Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 521. 1842.
Veracruz. Central America and South America.
Shrub or small tree, often scandent, armed with numerous very short spines;
leaflets numerous, about 1 cm. long; flower heads small, numerous, racemose-
paniculate.
Acacia laccifera Villada (Naturaleza II. 2: 487. pl. 30. 1896) is probably a
synonym of this species.
57. Acacia subangulata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 194. 1899.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from limestone hills near Tehuac4in, Puebla.
Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high, armed with short stout straight spines; leaflets
numerous, 7 to 13 mm. long; flower heads mostly racemose-paniculate; fruit
about 10 cm. long and 2.5 em. wide.
58. Acacia riparia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 276. 1823.
Sinaloa to Guerrero, San Luis Potosi, and Yucatén. West Indies, Central
America, and South America; type from Brazil.
Seandent shrub, armed with short recurved spines; leaflets 5 to 7 mm. long;
flowers yellowish white; fruit about 9 cm. long and 2 em. wide, flat, often
glaucescent. “ Tlahuitol” (San Luis Potosi, Urbina) ; “zarza’” (Porto Rico) ;
“yasga-rasga,” “panelo,’ “toldillo’” (Colombia); “ yax-catzim” (Yucatan,
Maya) ; “ gatufio blanco” (Sinaloa).
59. Acacia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 350. 1882.
Known only from the type locality, in the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo,
Coahuila.
Shrub, nearly glabrous, armed with short spines; pinnae 1 or 2 pairs, the
leaflets 6 to 8 mm. long; flower heads axillary.
60. Acacia malacophylla Benth.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 64. 1852.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén. Western Texas (type locality).
Shrub, armed with short spines; leaflets about 7 mm. long; fruit flat, about 8
em. long and nearly 2 em. wide, glabrous.
61. Acacia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 380. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Shrub, armed with short stout recurved spines; leaflets about 8 mm. long,
glabrate, with prominent venation; fruit about 8 cm. long and 2 em. wide, fal-
cate, stipitate, glabrate.
62. Acacia occidentalis Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8:32. 1903.
Sonora (type locality) and Sinaloa; perhaps also in Chihuahua.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 12 meters high, armed with short stout dark spines; leaflets
2to 3 mm. long; flowers white or nearly so; fruit thin, flat, about 7 cm. long and
2cm. wide. “ Désota’” (tésota ?) (Sonora).
63. Acacia micrantha Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 526. 1875.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, armed with short spines; leaflets 7 to 11 mm. long; flower heads
slender-pedunculate, axillary or racemose; fruit flat, thin, about 6 cm. long
and 1.8 em. wide, glabrous, rounded at apex.
64. Acacia roemeriana Scheele, Linnaea 21: 456. 1848.
Chibuahua and Coahuila; Baja California. Western Texas (type locality).
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, armed with short, mostly recurved spines; leaf-
lets 7 to 15 mm. long; flower heads mostly axillary; fruit flat, thin, about 7
cm. long and 1.5 em. wide, often falcate, glabrous.
This is considered a valuable honey plant in western Texas.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 883
' DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ACACIA CYLINDRIFLORA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 313. 1843. Type
from Oaxaca. Probably a Mimosa.
ACACIA FEROX Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 314. 1843.
ACACIA LANATA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 315. 1843. Type from
Mixteca Alta.
ACACIA MOLLICULA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 315. 1848. Type from
Tehuacin, Puebla. Flowers said to be pink. Probably of some other genus.
10. CALLIANDRA Benth. in Hook. Journ, Bot. 2: 138. 1840.
Unarmed shrubs or small trees, or sometimes herbs; leaves bipinnate, the
leaflets small or large; stipules usually persistent; flowers in dense heads, often
rather large and showy, red or white, the stamens long-exserted; fruit flat,
usually straight, the valves recurved after dehiscence.
The names “ plumita’”’ (Oaxaca) and “ gavia” (Durango) are reported for
undetermined species of the genus.
Leaflets 2 to 4 to each pinna, mostly 2 to 7 cm. long; pinnae usually 2 pairs.
Leaflets pinnately nerved, lanceolate or narrowly lanceoiate_____ 1. C. laevis.
Leaflets palmately nerved, with 2 or more distinct nerves rising from the
base.
SGULOMaspUDeSCEN Gaeta Hy Te PO OE PAE oe EE DE 2. C. canescens.
Gotolas SLA TOUS eee see Ty ee OE ie OTD a SE 3. C. emarginata.
Leaflets 5 to many to each pinna, often very small; pinnae 1 to many pairs.
Heads of flowers in long terminal racemes; flowers pedicellate; filaments red
or purple.
Leaflets not faleate, rounded or very obtuse at apex; pinnae usually 15 to
20 pairs.
Corot appressed-pilose? 22 adres Ve Bie ee 4, C. anomala.
WOT OuaweaDrOUS= 220 ee eet ae A ee 2 ae 5. C. calothyrsus.
Leaflets falcate, usually acute; pinnae usually 7 to 12 pairs.
Corolla about 16 mm. long, white outside with dense appressed hairs.
6. C. palmeri.
Corolla 5 to 11 mm. long, not white outside, the pubescence mostly of
browmish) ih@irsé rahi 76 Ben een ua! Bees ___7% C. houstoniana,
Heads of flowers mostly axillary, never racemose; flowers sessile or nearly so.
Pinnae one pair, the leaflets large, 1 to 2.5 em. wide______ 9. C. conzattii.
Pinnae 2 or more pairs, or if a single pair the leaflets 5 mm. wide or nar-
rower.
Leaflets variously pubescent beneath.
Leaflets large, most of them 0.8 to 2.5 em. wide, membranaceous.
17. C. pendulifiora.
Leaflets small, less than 5 mm. wide, often coriaceous.
Plants low, less than 20 cm., woody only at the base.
16. C. humilis.
Plants usually large, woody throughout.
Leaflets oval or obovate-oval____________-_ 18. C. malacophylla.
Leaflets oblong or narrowly oblong.
Pinnae usually 8 to 10 pairs; leaflets somewhat tomentose be-
neath with somewhat matted, curled hairs____8. C. nitida.
Pinnae 1 to 6 pairs; leaflets pilose beneath with mostly straight
appressed hairs.
Corolla glabrous or nearly so, greenish.
Pinnae 1 or 2 pairs; leaflets 6 to 10 pairs__20. C. angelica.
Pinnae 4 to 6 pairs; leaflets 20 or more pairs___21. C. laxa.
384 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Corolla copiously pubescent, usually purple.
Corolla 4 to 4.5 mm. long________________ 10. C. eriophylla.
Corolla 6 to 7 mm. long.
Leaflets usually 8 to 10 pairs, oblong__11. C. californica.
Leaflets usually 12 to 20 pairs, narrowly oblong.
Pods densely pubescent with spreading hairs; pinnae
SUA you eG ook 12. C. cumingii,
Pods sparsely pubescent with appressed hairs; pinnae
4 COs sPALES = 2 a= oes eS eS 13. C. peninsularis.
Leaflets glabrous beneath, but often ciliate.
Plants low, usually less than 20 em. high, woody only at the base.
Pinnae 2 to 4 pairs; leaflets oval or broadly oblong, not conspicu-
ouslyifvat calluciliates! 9112 %-s hor _ 9 yaa 15. C. reticulata.
Pinnae 5 to 9 pairs; leaflets oblong or narrowly oblong, often long-
eiliateseetl). S eky ow) foe Cen Paty a © a iesess 16. C. humilis.
Plants usually tall shrubs, often woody throughout.
Pinnae a single pair in all the leaves; leaflets very small, oval or
obovate-oval-<is..-2. -5-L22b es oe 19, C. unijuga.
Pinnae 2 or more pairs in all or most of the leaves (rarely a single
pair, the leaflets then oblong).
Leaflets coriaceous; calyx shallowly dentate__-___~_- 14. C. bijuga.
Leaflets membranaceous; calyx deeply lobate.
Branches quadrangular. ..38) "pas 22. C. tetragona.
Branches terete.
Pinnae 2 pairs in most of the leaves.
Leaflets usually 10 to 13 pairs, oblong or narrowly oblong.
23. C.oaxacana.
Leaflets usually 5 to 7 pairs, oval to broadly oblong.
24. C. formosa.
Pinnae 3 or more pairs in most of the leaves.
Leaflets usually 8 to 15 pairs or more, 2 to 6 mm. wide.
25. C. portoricensis.
Leaflets 3 to 6 pairs, 10 to 20 mm. wide___--_ 26. C. capillata.
1. Calliandra laevis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 194. 1899.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Colomas, Sinaloa.
Shrub; leaflets 4, lanceolate, 4.5 to 9 cm. long, bright green, glabrous.
2. Calliandra canescens (Schlecht, & Cham.) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 96.
1844.
Inga canescens Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 592. 1830.
Calliandra purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 180. 1915.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected near Puente del Rey. Guatemala.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaflets 1 to 3.5 em. long; flowers white.
8. Calliandra emarginata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 95.
1844.
Inga emarginata Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1009. 1806.
‘Calliandra rupestris T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5 :199. 1905.
Tamaulipas and Sonora to Naxaca and Veracruz; type from Acapulco, Gue-
rrero.
Shrub; leaflets 2 to 8.5 em. long, very variable in shape, acute to rounded at
apex ; flowers purplish red or greenish; fruit about 12 mm. wide.
The specimens seen exhibit a large amount of variation, and it may be that
several species are represented. Without more ample material it seems unwise
to make any segregates.
een
ee Ti
vs
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 885
4. Calliandra anomala (Kunth) Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb, n. ser. 59: -4.
1919.
Inga anomala Kunth, Mimos. Pl. Légum. 70. pl. 22 1819-24.
Acacia callistemon Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 568. 1838.
Calliandra kunthii Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 139. 1840.
Chihuahua to Sinaloa, Mexico, and Chiapas. Guatemala.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high, with blackish bark; leaflets very numerous, linear-
oblong, 2.5 to 5 mm. long; flowers purple, showy ; fruit densely hirsute or hispid.
“Cabeza de angel” (Mexico) ; “cabellos de angel” (Guanajuato, Costa Rica,
Guatemala, Honduras) ; “ pambetano” (Morelos, Valley of Mexico, Veracruz) ;
“cabellitos de Angel” (Morelos) ; “cabellitos de una vara” (Morelos, Rami-
rez); “hierba del Angel,” “lele”’ (various localities, Ranvirez) ; “ tepachera ’’
“timbrillo” (Valley of Mexico, Ramirez) ; ‘ tepexiloxochitl” or ‘“ tepejiloxo-
chitl” (=mountain+corn silk+flower), “ texoxochitl” ‘“ tlacoxiloxochitl ”
(=rod or bush+corn silk+flower), ‘ tlamacazatzotl,”’ “ tzonxochitl,” ‘“ xiloxo-
chitl,” ‘“ xiloxochicuahuitl” (the shrub) (Nahuatl); “canela,”’ “hierba de
canela” (Oaxaca, Reko); “coquito” Oaxaca, Seler); “carboncillo” (Costa
Rica) ; ‘ cabellito””’ (Sinaloa).
The plant is sometimes used for tanning. The root is used to retard fermenta-
tion in a drink, ‘‘ tepache,” made from pulque and coarse sugar. The plant is
said to contain a glucoside, calliandrine. In domestic medicine it is used for
fevers, especially malaria, although experiments have indicated that its repu-
tation for this purpose is not justified.
The plant is treated at length by Hernaindez* in a chapter entitled ‘“ De
Tlacozilorochitl flore Barbato,’’ which is accompanied by three good figures.
His account is as follows: “ Tlacozilorochitl, which some call Tentzonxochitl
[=beard-flower], some J'lamacazcatacotl [=priest-bush], and others Tepexiloxro-
chitl or Tlalxilochtl [=dwarf hair-flower], is a shrub with leaves like mes-
quite. The flowers are like long red hair, and they come from round reddish
berries. The root is fibrous, yellow outside, and red within when it is cut. The
stalks are red and the pods yellow. It grows in level or mountainous places
and sometimes along streams. The root bark is dry and astringent and some-
what glutinous; its nature is hot, in the third order, and its flavor sharp. The
flowers, crushed, mixed with water, and used as drops, are a wonderful remedy
for diseases of the eye, for they correct inflammation and remove morbid growths,
and heal ulcers. If the decoction or infusion of the juice is drunk, it stops
diarrhoea and dysentery, stimulates the appetite, and relieves indigestion. There
be those who say also that it soothes the chest, relieves the belly, removes the
bile by vomiting, and is also a remedy for coughs.”
This species has usually been known as Calliandra grandiflora (L’Hér)
Benth., but as pointed out recently by Macbride* that name can scarcely apply
to the common Mexican species. Macbride states that ‘ There is no reasonable
doubt but that it is rather referable to C. houstoni (L’Hér.) Benth.,” but the
same objections that prevent its application to the common Mexican plant also
prevent its reference to synonomy under the latter species. ;
5. Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn. Linnaea 21: 251.1848.
Chiapas, Central America and northern South America; type from Surinam.
Erect shrub, nearly glabrous; leaflets very numerous, 3 to 7 mm. long, linear.
6. Calliandra palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 410. 1887.
Known only from the type locality, Guadalajara, Jalisco.
*Thesaurus 104. 1651.
* Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 59: 5. 1919.
386 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the stems densely white-pilose; leaflets 6 to 8 mm.
long, coriaceous, lustrous on the upper surface, white-pilose beneath.
7. Calliandra houstoniana (Mill.) Standl.
Mimosa houstoniana Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Mimosa no. 16. 1768.
Mimosa houstoni L’Hér. Sert. Angl. 30. 1788.
Acacia houstoni Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1062. 1806.
Acacia metrosiderifiora Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 567. 1838.
Calliandra houstoni Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 139. 1840.
Sonora to Tamaulipas and Chiapas; type from Veracruz. Guatemala and
Honduras.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high, pubescent or glabrate; bark red-
brown; leaflets 4 to 7 mm. long, the upper surface with a metallic luster;
flowers purplish red, large and showy; fruit about 1.5 cm. wide, densely brown-
hirsute. ‘Charamusco” (Tabasco); “hierba burro” (Chiapas); ‘ pambo-
tano” (southern Mexico); “day,” “tabardillo” (Sinaloa). Probably the
names reported for C. anomala apply also to this species.
The same properties are attributed to this as to C. anomala. The bark is
chewed to harden the gums (in Sinaloa). According to the U. S. Dispensatory,
the root bark, under the name of “ pambotano bark” (sometimes written errone-
ously as “pandotano’’) has been highly recommended in Europe as an anti-
periodic. It is said also to contain an alkaloid which produces death by systolic
arrest of the heart.
8. Calliandra nitida S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 410. 1887.
Zacatecas, Jalisco, and Tepic; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, copiously pubescent; leaflets 4 to 7
with a metallic luster; flowers purplish red. “ Potosina” (Jalisco).
9. Calliandra conzattii Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 188. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Rio de Pilas, Oaxaca, altitude 300 meters.
Leaflets 5 to 7, obliquely ovate or elliptic, 2.5 to 6 cm. long, acute or obtuse,
bright green, glabrate; flowers very small, greenish.
Perhaps not of this genus but rather a Pithecollobium.
10. Calliandra eriophylla Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 105. 1844.
Calliandra chamaedrys Engelm.: A Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 4: 39, 1849.
Calliandra conferta Benth.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 63. 1852.
Sonora to Coahuila and Puebla; type from Chila, Puebla. Western Texas to
southern Arizona.
Shrub, commonly about 30 cm. high, usually densely branched, the branches
stiff, gray; leaflets few, 3 to 4 mm. long; heads few-flowered, the flowers pur-
ple; fruit 5 mm. wide, pubescent.
11. Calliandra californica Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 14. pl. 11. 1844.
Baja California, on dry stony hillsides, often abundant; type from Magda-
lena Bay.
Stiff, densely branched shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets 4 to 13 mm. long,
thick, pale; flowers purplish red; fruit about 7 mm. wide.
12. Calliandra cumingii Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 140. 1840.
Calliandra cumingii galeottii Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 106. 1844.
Inga speciosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 320. 1843.
Puebla and Oaxaca. Type from Colombia.
Shrub, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaflets 1 em. long or shorter; flowers purplish red,
the heads long-pedunculate.
The writer has seen no Colombian material, and it may be that the Mexi-
can plant represents a different species. If so, the name published by Mar-
tens and Galeotti is available.
mm. long,
a
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 387
13. Calliandra peninsularis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 135. 1897.
Baja California; type from La Paz.
Densely branched shrub; leaflets 4 to 9 mm, long; flowers purple; fruit
about 8 mm. wide. “ Tabardillo,” “ zapotillo.”
Roots used as a remedy for fevers.
14. Calliandra bijuga Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 135. 1897.
Jalisco to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub or tree, the trunk sometimes attaining a diameter of 20 cm.; pinnae 1
or 2 pairs, the leaflets numerous, 7 to 16 mm. long, bright green, lustrous;
flowers purple; fruit about 1 cm. wide.
Closely related to C. magdalenae (Bert.) Benth., and doubtfully distinct.
15. Calliandra reticulata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 53. 1853.
Chihuahua to Jalisco and Puebla. Southern Arizona and New Mexico; type
from Santa Rita, New Mexico.
Leaflets 4 to 10 mm. long, very thick, with prominent venation; flowers
purple; fruit about 7 mm. wide, glabrous.
This and C. humilis are low plants, usually 10 to 20 cm. high, and scarcely
deserve to be classed as shrubs, being herbaceous except at the base.
16. Calliandra humilis (Schlecht.) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 103. Lee)
Acacia humilis Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 567. 18388.
Calliandra herbacea Engelm.; A Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 4: 39. 1849,
Sonora to Zacatecas and Jalisco; type from Regla, Hidalgo. Southern Ari-
zona and New Mexico.
Leaflets 6 mm. long or shorter; fruit about 6 mm. wide, pubescent or glabrate.
17. Calliandra pendulifiora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 1938. 1899.
Durango to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Bolafios, Jalisco.
Shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high ; leaflets mostly 1 to 3 cm. long, rounded at apex;
flowers white, the heads slender-pedunculate, the stamens very long and slender ;
fruit 6 to 10 cm. long, about 7 mm. wide, glabrous.
18. Calliandra malacophylla Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 100. 1844.
Calliandra unijuga pueblensis Macbride, Contr. Gray. Herb. n. ser. 59: 4. 1919.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Monte San Felipe.
Stiff, densely branched shrub with brownish bark; leaflets few, 5 to 7 mm.
long, pubescent; flowers white.
19. Calliandra unijuga Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 50: 193. 1899.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cuicatlain, Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high.
Very similar to the last species except in the lack of pubescence, and prob-
ably only a form of it. The two plants sometimes grow together, for on one
sheet examined (Rose 9885, from Puebla) both are associated under the same
number.
20. Calliandra angelica Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 100. 1844.
Known only from the type locality, Regla, Hidalgo.
Not seen by the writer. Vernacular name given as “ cabellito de angel.”
21. Calliandra laxa Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 551. 1875.
Acacia laza Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1069. 1806.
Acacia rubescens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 315. 1843.
Calliandra ralapensis Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 106. 1844.
Veracruz to Guerrero and Oaxaca. Northern South America; type from
Venezuela.
Erect shrub, pubescent or glabrate; leaflets 4 to 7 mm. long; flowers white.
888 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
22. Calliandra tetragona (Willd.) Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 189. 1840.
Acacia tetragona Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1069. 1806.
Michoacin to Chiapas. Central America and northern South America; type
from Caracas.
Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets numerous, 4 to 10 mm.
long, bright green; flowers white; fruit about 1 cm. wide.
23. Calliandra oaxacana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 1938. 1899.
Zacatecas to Oaxaca; type from Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca.
Shrub 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaflets numerous, 4 to 11 mm. long; flowers
white or pink.
24. Calliandra formosa (Kunth) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 98. 1844.
Acacia formosa Kunth, Mimos. Pl. Légum. 102. pl. 32. 1819-24.
Acacia gracilis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 311. 1843.
Calliandra coulteri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 352. 1882.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Colima, and Yucatan.
Shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous; leaflets 0.5 to 2.5 em. long, bright green;
flowers white. “ Tepeguaje” (Guanajuato).
C. coulteri may be distinct, but probably is not. The name ‘“ ébano” is re-
ported as applied to this species, but the writer is doubtful whether the plant
so referred to (said to be a large tree) is correctly identified.
25. Calliandra portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 99. 1844.
Mimosa portoricensis Jacq. Icon. Pl. Rar. 3: 20. pl. 633. 17938.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, Yucatén, and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in
tropical America; type from Porto Rico.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 4.5 meters high, nearly glabrous; leaflets 1.8 cm.
long or shorter, thin, bright green; flowers pink or white; fruit about 8 mm.
wide, glabrous. “Pich” (Yucatén, Maya); “moruro de costa,” “ soplillo”
(Cuba); ‘“ cojobillo,” “acacia,” ‘“zarza boba” (Porto Rico); “ granolino”
(Santo Domingo).
26. Calliandra capillata Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 98. 1844.
Guerrero and Puebla to Chiapas; type from Mount San Felipe, Oaxaca. Re-
ported from Guatemala.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, glabrous; leaflets few, 1.2 to 4 cm. long, thin,
bright green; flowers white or pink.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CALLIANDRA HirsuTA (Don) Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 554. 1875.
Inga hirsuta Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 395. 1832. Believed to have come from
Mexico.
CALLIANDRA LAMBERTIANA (Don) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 100. 1844. Acacia
lambertiana Don in Lindl. Bot. Reg. 9: pl. 721. 1828. Described from culti-
vated plants said to have come from Mexico. Perhaps the same as C. lazxa.
CALLIANDRA TETRAPHYLLA (Don) Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 544. 1875.
Inga tetraphylla Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 392. 18382. Described from Mexico.
CALLIANDRA FULGENS Hook. f. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 124: pl. 7626. 1898. De-
scribed from cultivated plants believed to have come from Mexico. Apparently
related to C. emarginata, but with more numerous (6) leaflets.
11. LYSILOMA Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 82. 1844.
Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves bipinnate, with few and large or usually
numerous and small leaflets; flowers small, capitate or spicate; fruit flat, broad,
the valves thin, separating from the persistent margin.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 889
IOWEES: 1NMSpIkeSi 2 bee CEs EP Oe ae eh Le 1. L. acapulcensis,
Flowers in globose heads.
Pinnae 1 or 2 pairs.
Leaflets usually 3 to each pinna, 4 to 9 cm. long; stipules persistent, large.
2. L. tergemina.
Leaflets numerous, 2 cm. long or shorter; stipules minute, deciduous.
3. L. candida.
Pinnae 3 to many pairs.
EAM AOLIOntORsO sa LGS fleas s eylel _ges ee oe Gent Rok « dhs aks 4. L. aurita.
Pinnae 8 to 18 pairs.
leaflets ovales Stool 2mm widetoers: foe ives falen deen 9. L. sabicu.
Leaflets oblong, less than 5 mm. wide.
Leaflets pubescent beneath.
Leaves pubescent with appressed hairs__________ 5. L. microphylla.
Leaves hirtellous with spreading hairs___-__-_-_-----__ 6. L. watsoni.
Leaflets glabrous beneath.
Pinnae 6 to 13 pairs; leaflets 7 mm. long or shorter.
7. L. divaricata.
Pinnae usually 3 or 4 pairs; leaflets about 10 mm. long.
8. L. bahamensis.
1. Lysiloma acapulcensis (Kunth) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 8: 838. 1844.
Acacia acapulcensis Kunth, Mimos. Pl. Légum. 78. pl. 24. 1819-24.
Acacia desmostachya Benth. Pl. Hartw. 18. 1839.
Lysiloma desmostachya Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3:84. 1844.
Lysiloma acapulcensis brevispicata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 100. 1891.
Sonora to San Luis Potosi and Chiapas; type from Acapulco. Guerrero. Gua-
temala.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with very hard wood; leaves
pubescent, at least when young, the leaflets very numerous, linear-oblong, 8 mm.
long or shorter; stipules large, sometimes persistent; spikes 4 to 6 cm. long;
fruit 2.5 to 4.8 em. wide. “ Tepeguaje” or “tepehuaje ” (Michoacin, Guerrero,
Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Veracruz, Sonora); ‘ tepeoaxin” (Ramirez); “laaguia”
(Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko).
The bark is astringent and is used in domestic medicine. It is sometimes
chewed to harden the gums. The gum which exudes from the bark is used like
gum arabic.
L. acapulcensis brevispicata Rose, from Sonora, differs only in its short
spikes.
2. Lysiloma tergemina Benth. Trans, Linn. Soc. Bot. 80: 534. 1875.
Guerrero, Morelos, and Puebla; type from Acatlan, Puebla.
Small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets obliquely oval, rounded or obtuse at
apex, bright green, glabrous; stipules reniform; flowers white; fruit 10 to 15
em. long, 3.5 to 4.5 em. wide, glaucescent.
3. Lysiloma candida T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. IT. 2: 153. 1889.
Southern Baja California, in canyons and on rocky slopes; type from Purt-
sima.
Tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high, with a trunk 15 to 30 cm. in diameter (often
with several trunks), the bark smooth, white; leaflets oblong or oval, obtuse or
rounded at apex; stamens yellow; fruit 8 to 15 cm. long, 2.5 to 3 em. wide, the
valves thin and papery. “Palo blanco.”
The bark is much used locally for tanning, and is an article of export. For
an illustration of a grove of the trees see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 113.
390 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Lysiloma aurita (Schlecht.) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 83. 1844.
Acacia aurita Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 572. 1838.
Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Malpais de Naulinco, Veracruz. Guatemala
and Nicaragua.
Leaves pubescent, the leaflets about 3 mm. long; fruit 10 to 12 em. long, 2 to
2.5 em. wide, dark reddish brown.
5. Lysiloma microphylla Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 83. 1844.
Guanajuato to Chiapas; type from Léon, Guanajuato.
Tree, 9 meters high; leaflets 4 to 6 mm. long; fruit about 13 cm. long and 2.5
em. wide.
Most of the material recently referred to this species is rather L. divaricata,
if Bentham’s descriptions are reliable.
6. Lysiloma watsoni Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 99. 1891.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Alamos, Sonora.
Shrub or small tree, 8 meters high, the trunk 7.5 em. in diameter; leaflets 5
mm. long; fruit 2.5 cm. wide.
7%. Lysiloma divaricata (Jacq.) Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 59: 6. 1919.
Mimosa divaricata Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 76. pl. 395. 1798.
Lysiloma schiedeana Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 8: 83. 1844.
Baja California and Sonora to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Reported from Nicara-
gua and Costa Rica.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 18 meters high, the trunk sometimes almost a meter in
diameter, the wood very hard; flowers white; fruit 9 to 15 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 cm.
wide. ‘ Quiebracha” (Michoacan, Guerrero) ; “ tepeguaje” (Sinaloa).
The wood is used for various purposes and the bark is employed for tanning.
8. Lysiloma bahamensis Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 82. 1844.
Yucatan. West Indies and southern Florida; type from the Bahamas.
Tree, sometimes 16 meters high, with a trunk 1.2 meters in diameter, the
crown broad, the bark smooth, gray or brownish; flowers white; fruits 8 to 15
em. long, 2.5 em. wide; wood hard, tough, close-grained, dark reddish brown,
its specific gravity about 0.64.
The wood is used in the West Indies for making boats. The species has been
reported from Yucatan as L. latisiliqua (L.) Benth.
9. Lysiloma sabicu Benth. Kew Journ. Bot. 6: 236. 1854.
Reported from Yucatin. Cuba (type locality) and the Bahamas.
Tree 6 meters high; wood hard, heavy, compact, fine-grained, brown, its
specific gravity said to be about 0.90. “ Xiaxek” (Yucatén, Maya) ; “ sabicG,”
“ jigiie,” “ jigiie blanco,” “ moruro de costa” (Cuba).
The wood is of good quality and very durable in water. Formerly it was
much used in Cuba for shipbuilding, and was exported to England to be
used for the same purpose, as well as for making bobbins and shuttles. It is
employed also for cabinetwork. '
12. ALBIZZIA Durazz. Mag. Tose. 34: 11. 1772.
Some of the Old World species yield useful gums and others furnish tan-
bark.
1. Albizzia occidentalis T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 222. 1892. _
Baja California and Sinaloa; Tres Marias Islands; type from San José del
Cabo, Baja California.
Tree 5 to 15 meters high, with a trunk sometimes 80 cm. in diameter, the
bark smooth, gray; leaves bipinnate, the pinnae about 4 pairs, the leaflets
few, obliquely oblong or oval, 2 to 4.5 em. long, nearly glabrous; flowers yel-
lowish white, capitate; fruit flat, 13 to 20 em. long, 3 to 4 cm. wide. “ Palo
escopeta’’ (Baja California) ; “ palo fierro,” “ bolillo,” ‘ arellano” (Sinaloa).
— ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 391
This tree is very common in some localities. The wood is used in car-
pentry.
Albizzia lophantha Benth., a native of Australia, with spicate flowers, nar-
row leaflets, and small pods, is cultivated in central Mexico.
13. ENTEROLOBIUM Mart. Flora 20°: Beibl. 117. 1837.
1. Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 226. 1860.
Mimosa cyclocarpa Jacq. Fragm. Bot. pl. 34, f. 1. 1809.
Mimosa parota Sessé & Moe. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 177. 1887.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Central America, West In-
dies, and northern South America.
Large unarmed tree, 12 to 30 meters high or larger, with broad spreading
crown, the trunk 0.6 to 2.5 meters in diameter; bark rough; leaves bipinnate,
the leaflets very numerous, linear-oblong, 10 to 12 mm. long, acute or obtuse;
flowers small, white, sessile in dense heads; fruit flat, coiled, 8 to 11 ecm. in
diameter, dark brown, lustrous; seeds dark brown or black, about 12 mm. long;
wood hard, resistant, elastic, grayish tinged with yellow, sometimes livid and
mottled. “Orején” (Veracruz); “huinecaztle,’ ‘“ huanacaxtle” (Sinaloa) ;
“parota ” (Michoacan, Jalisco, Guerrero) ; “ piche”’ (Tabasco) ; “ cuanacaztle,”
“nacazle” (Oaxaca, from the Nahuatl cuau-nacazili, “ ear-tree”) ; ‘“ cascabel
sonaja’” (Tamaulipas); “guanacaste” (Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras,
Costa Rica); “nacaxtle” (Veracruz); ‘ conacaste” (Guatemala); “ anjera,”
“carito,’ “carita’” (Colombia); “caro hembra” (El Salvador, Venezuela) ;
“oreja de judio,” “Arbol de las orejas”’ (Cuba).
The tree grows rapidly and makes an excellent shade tree because of its
broad top. The large trunks are used for canoes, water troughs, ete., and the
wood is very durable in water. It is employed in carpentry and cabinetwork.
The pods are said to be an excellent feed for cattle, and the seeds as well as
the young pods are sometimes cooked to be used for human food. The fruit
and bark are rich in tannin. Rose reports that in Sinaloa the bark and fruit
are used as a substitute for soap in washing woolen goods and that a syrup
made from the bark is used for colds. The fruit is used as a soap substitute
in Venezuela also, The gum which exudes from the trunk is employed in
Sinaloa as a remedy for bronchitis.
14. PITHECOLLOBIUM Marat. Flora 20°: Beibl. 114. 1837.
REFERENCE: Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 570-598. 1875.
Shrubs or trees, spiny or unarmed; leaves bipinnate, the leaflets few or
numerous, the petioles usually glanduliferous; peduncles mostly axillary and
- solitary or fasciculate, or sometimes terminal and racemose, the flowers
capitate or spicate; fruit very variable.
Pithecollobium multiflorum Benth. has been reported from Mexico at various
times, but apparently it is not found there.
Leaflets large, 0.7 to 2.5 cm. wide or larger, if less than 1 cm. wide the blades
rounded and nearly as broad as long; leaflets always few (1 or 2 pairs).
Plants very spiny.
Flowers in long spikes.
Calyx less than one-fourth as long as the corolla. Stamen tube very
MOTO ONSOTLCO == 5 eg en ek ee 1. P. macrosiphon.
Calyx almost or fully half as long as the corolla.
Stamen tube included or short-exserted; bracts deltoid, minute, about
as broad as long; valves of the fruit comparatively thin.
2. P. lanceolatum.
55268—22—_15
392 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stamen tube long-exserted; bracts lanceolate, Conspicuous, elongate ;
valves of the iruituvery thick] 22 8. P. calostachys.
Flowers capitate.
Spines ascending; flowers densely pubescent; leaves pale green.
4. P. dulce.
Spines divaricate ; flowers glabrate; leaves usually bright green.
5. P. unguis-cati.
Plants unarmed.
Patiole: winseds 1.2. . <ek. VUE APOE FON, 032 ES Ih ees 6. P. furcatum.
Petiole not winged.
Leafiets acute or acuminate; flowers subspicate_______~_ 7. P. cognatum.
Leaflets rounded at apex; flowers capitate________ 8. P. guadalupense.
Leaflets small, the largest 5 mm. wide, usually much longer than broad; leaflets
numerous.
Pinnae one pair.
Valves of the fruit very hard and woody, 2.5 to 3 cm. wide__17. P. confine.
Valves of the fruit not woody, less than 2 cm. wide.
Heatlets-revyoluteoblong2 ea US. Le 9. P. revolutum.
Leaflets not revolute, oval or suborbicular.
heahets pupescentt. 2 os le NS Ne eS 10. P. elastichophyllum.
Meatlets’ slahroush steerer _ . Mer reer ie 11. P. compactum.
Pinnae 2 or more pairs.
Corolla about 1.5 cm. long, densely white-sericeous.
Calyx pilose; leaflets 2 to 2.5 mm. wide_____--__---__-_ 12. P. acatlense.
Calyx glabrous; leaflets 4 to 7 mm. wide_____--_______ 18. P. leiocalyx.
Corolla less than 1 em. long.
Gland present on the rachis at the point of insertion of the lowest pair
of pinnae.
Plants unarmed; valves of the pod contorted after dehiscence. Flowers
EAP itaterOeB kee Mi Siete! BOL GEE SAE Be aS 14. P. arboreum.
Plants armed with numerous spines; valves not contorted.
Spines recurved ; flowers capitate. Leaflets narrowly oblong.
15. P. leptophyllum.
Spines straight; flowers capitate or spicate.
Flowers spieates.: 2216) tee ae perro cere 16. P. flexicaule.
Flowers capitate.
Leaflets 4 or 5 pairs, oval or rounded-obovate, rounded at apex.
17. P. confine.
Leaflets 10 to 15 pairs, oblong, acute___-__-___ 18. P. schaffneri.
Gland borne on the petiole below the pinnae.
Calyx glabrous or nearly so; pods constricted between the seeds.
19. P. tortum.
Calyx densely pubescent; pods not constricted.
Pinnae 4 to 6 pairs in most of the leaves.
Leaflets mostly 5 to 7 mm. wide; plants unarmed.
20. P. tomentosum.
Leaflets 1.5 to 2.5 mm. wide; plants usually armed with spines.
Pods stipitate, 1.4 to 1.7 cm. wide__--____-- 21. P. brevifolium.
Pods sessile or nearly so, 2.5 em. wide_--_-----~~- 22. P. albicans.
Pinnae 2 or 3 pairs in most of the leaves.
Corolla densely sericeous; pinnae and leaflets crowded; spines
strongly recurved; pods pubescent_______-____ 23. P. sonorae.
Corolla glabrate; pinnae and leaflets not crowded; spines nearly
straight; pods glabrous or nearly so_---_- 24. P. mexicanum.
—
—S
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 898
1. Pithecollobium macrosiphon Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 191. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, between Tumbala and El Salto, Chiapas.
Spiny tree; leaflets 4 to 6 cm. long, obtuse.
2. Pithecollobium lanceolatum (Humb. & Bonpl.) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot.
5: 105. 1846.
Mimosa ligustrina Jacq. Fragm. Bot. Illustr. 29. pl. 32, f. 6. 1809. Not M.
ligustrina Vahl, 1807.
Inga lanceolata Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1005. 1806.
Pithecollobium ligustrinum Klotzsch; Benth. Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 30: 571.
1875.
Sinaloa to Chiapas, Veracruz, and Tabasco; reported from San Luis Potosi.
Central America and northern South America; type from Cumana, Venezuela.
Tree 3.5 to 5 meters high or larger, armed with short stout spines; pinnae
one pair, the leafiets one pair, oblique, 3.5 to 8 cm. long, obtuse, bright green,
thick, glabrate; flowers small, white; fruit terete, about 10 cm. long.
“Timuche’” (Michoacén, Guerrero); “tucuy’ (Tabasco, San Luis Potosf) ;
“pichejumo” (San Luis Potosi); “conchi” (Sinaloa); ‘“ espino,” ‘ chimi-
nango” (Colombia); “bobo” (Venezuela) ; “ abracade” (El Salvador).
3. Pithecollobium calostachys Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 190. 1919.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi to Tabasco and Chiapas; type from Tam-
pico, Tamaulipas.
Tree 4.5 to 6 meters high or larger.
This has been referred commonly to the preceding species but seems specifi-
cally distinct by the characters given in the key.
4. Pithecollobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 199. 1844.
Mimosa dulcis Roxb. Pl. Coromand. 1: 67. pl. 99. 1795.
Acacia obliquifolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 317. 1843.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, and Chiapas; often cultivated.
Central America and Colombia; naturalized in the East Indies and elsewhere
in the tropics of the Old World; type from Coromandel.
Tree, 4.5 to 20 meters high or larger, very spiny; trunk often 60 to 80 cm. in
diameter, the bark grayish; pinnae one pair, the leaflets one pair, 2.5 to 5 em.
long or larger, obtuse, pale green, glabrate; flowers yellowish or greenish
white; fruit long and narrow, reddish, pubescent, much coiled and twisted;
seeds black, surrounded by a white or reddish aril; wood moderately heavy,
flexible, strong, reddish brown. ‘“ Huamtchil,’ “cuamftchil,’ or “ guamfichil ”
(used widely in Mexico; from the Nahuatl names, which are given variously as
cuaumochtl, quauhmochitl. coacamachalli, or quamochitl); ‘“ guamtchitl,”
“guamuche,” “humo” (Tamaulipas); ‘“ guaymachile” (Guerrero, Palmer) ;
“guamachi” (Guerrero); “ pinzan” (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Veracruz) ; “ cuam6-
chil,” “huamfichil costefio,” “ guamuche,” “ huamaiche,” “ muchite” (Oaxaca) ;
“ yaga-bixihui,” “ yaga-biguichi”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; “ giiamuchil” (Du-
rango, Patoni); “buamfichil” (Alcocer); “espino de playa” (Nicaragua) ;
“mochigtiiste”’ (Costa Rica); “ guachimole,” “mongollano” (El Salvador) ;
“jaguay” (Guatemala); “inga” (Cuba); “camachile” (Guam, Philippines).
It is of interest to note that the Nahuatl name was introduced, along with
the plant itself, into Guam and the Philippines by the Spaniards. The word
has been modified there into such forms as “ camanchil,” “ camonsil,” “kama-
chiles,” and “camachile.” From the Philippines the tree was carried to India,
where it is now much planted. The pods are known in India as “ Manila
tamarinds.”
The tree is very resistant to drought. It is nearly evergreen, but loses its
old leaves as the new ones appear. The wood is widely employed for general
394 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
eonstruction purposes, for fence posts, and for fuel. The bark yields a yellow
dye, and is much used for tanning skins; it is used in domestic medicine, also,
because of its astringent properties. The gum exuding from the trunk is trans-
parent and deep reddish brown; dissolved in water it makes good mucilage.
The flowers are much frequented by bees and yield a good quality of honey.
The fruit is highly esteemed in Mexico and is a common article in the markets.
The acidulous aril surrounding the seeds is eaten and is used in the preparation
of a beverage similar to lemonade. Stock of all kinds are fond of the pods, and
in India monkeys are said to eat them greedily.
The tree is treated by Hernandez’ in a chapter entitled ‘De Coaca machalli,
seu Maxilla Colubri.”’ This name (“ snake-jaws’’), he states, is given because
the pair of leaflets somewhat resemble the jaws of a snake. ‘“ The leaves,’’ he
says, ‘“ applied as plasters, allay pain, even those of venereal sores, and relieve
convulsions. In flavor they are astringent, sweet, and somewhat glutinous, and
in temper to a certain extent cold, or moderately warm.” The tree is treated
on page 94 of the same work, in a chapter headed ‘“‘ De Quamochitl, seu arbore
fructus crepitantis.” In this account he states that the root bark is good for
dysentery; the leaves, with salt, cure indigestion, and also produce abortion;
the juice of the seeds, sniffed into the nose, draws off humors from the head;
and the pulverized seeds (especially if mixed with rue) cleanse internal ulcers.
5. Pithecollobium unguis-cati (L.) Mart. Hort. Monae. 188. 1829.
Mimosa unguis-cati L. Sp. Pl. 517. 1753.
Chiefly in coastal thickets, Tamaulipas to Yucatan; Sinaloa. West Indies;
northern South America; type from Jamaica.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 9 meters high, with a trunk 30 em. in diame-
ter, very spiny, the bark reddish brown or gray, shallowly fissured ; leaves more
or less persistent, the pinnae one pair, the leaflets one pair, obliquely obovate or
oval, 2 to 4 em. long; flowers greenish yellow, sweet-scented, the long stamens
purplish; fruit 8 to 12 cm. long, 0.6 to 1.2 em. wide, twisted, reddish brown;
seeds dark brown or blackish, surrounded by a red aril; wood very hard, close-
grained, red or purple, with yellow sapwood, its specific gravity about 0.90.
“Tzim-ché,” “ tzin-ché”” (Yucatan, Maya, Seler); “espino de playa” (Nica-
ragua) ; “espinuelo” (Venezuela) ; “dinde” (Colombia) ; “‘manca montero”
(Cuba) ; “ufia de gato” (Nicaragua, Cuba, Porto Rico) ; “rolon” (Porto Rico).
The English names applied to the plant are “ cat’s-claw,” ‘ black-bead,”’ and
** bread-and-cheeses.”
The bark is astringent, and diuretic and tonic properties are ascribed to it;
it has been used for fevers and kidney diseases as well as for treating sores.
Barham reports that the plant was much used in Jamaica in domestic medicine,
and that it was “a sovereign remedy for the stone and gravel,” as well as for
affections of the liver and spleen. The Spaniards, he relates, said that the
black seeds resembled the kidneys and the white aril the fat surrounding those
organs, hence, by the doctrine of signatures, the belief that the plant was a
remedy for kidney affections. The fruit is said to be rich in tannin and to
yield a yellow dye.
6. Pithecollobium furcatum Benth. Lond. Journ, Bot. 5: 106. 1846.
Known only from the type locality, on the banks of the Rio Teapa, Tabasco.
Plants. glabrate; pinnae one pair, the leaflets one pair, obliquely obovate-
oblong, 7.5 to 10 em. long, obtuse-acuminate.
7. Pithecollobium cognatum (Schlecht.) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 107. 1846.
Inga cognata Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 560, 1838.
*Thesaurus 90. 1651.
Rt
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 395
Veracruz, the type from Colipa. Central America.
Tree, sometime 8 meters high; pinnae 1 pair, the leaflets 1 pair, lanceolate
or narrowly oblong, usually 8 to 11 cm. long, thick, lustrous, glabrous. ‘ Soto
caballo’ (Costa Rica).
8. Pithecollobium guadalupense (Pers.) Chapm. Fl. South. U. S. 116. 1860.
Mimosa guadalupensis Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 262. 1807.
Yueatin. West Indies and Florida Keys; type from Guadeloupe.
Unarmed shrub or tree, sometimes 6 meters high, with a trunk 15 em. in
diameter, the bark dark gray, slightly fissured; leaves persistent, the 4 leaflets
obliquely obovate to suborbicular, 4 to 7 cm. long, lustrous; flowers pink;
fruit compressed, 10 to 15 cm. long, dark brown, twisted; seeds black, with a
red aril.
The writer has seen no material from the Lesser Antilles, and does not feel
certain that the name here used really applies to the present plant. The
Yucatan specimens, however, are of the same species as the Cuban plant to
which the name is now applied.
9. Pithecollobium revolutum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 96. pl. 28. 1906.
Known only from the type locality, near Higuerillas, Querétaro.
Low dense shrub; leaflets 6 to 10, about 3 mm. long; fruit flat, curved, 5 to 7
em. long, pubescent.
10. Pithecollobium elastichophyllum A. Gray; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17:
352. 1882.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosi; type from Monterrey.
Low spiny shrub with very stiff interlaced branches; leaflets few, 3 to 4 mm.
long, coriaceous; flowers reddish, the heads nearly sessile; fruit flat, 1.5 em.
wide, curved, puberulent.
11. Pithecollobium compactum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 33. 1903.
Pithecollobiwm purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 85. 1919.
Puebla ; type from Tehuacin.
Low shrub, usually 30 to 50 em. high, compact, very spiny; leaflets 5 to 7
pairs, 3 to 4 mm. long, lustrous; flowers greenish, tinged with red, subcapitate ;
fruit curved, compressed, 1.2 em. wide, puberulent; seeds brownish black.
12. Pithecollobium acatlense Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 593. 1875.
Durango to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Acatlin, Puebla.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high; pinnae 2 or 3 pairs, the leaflets
rather numerous, 6 to 10 mm. long, obtuse or acute, pubescent or glabrate;
flowers capitate, the heads nearly sessile; fruit flat, straight, about 14 cm.
long and 2.5 cm. wide, densely pubescent.
13. Pithecollobium leiocalyx Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 20: 189. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Salina Cruz, Oaxaca.
Leaflets 6 to 14 mm. long, obliquely oval or obovate, pubescent.
14. Pitchecollobium arboreum (L.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 259. 1900.
Mimosa arborea L. Sp. Pl. 519. 1753.
Pithecollobium filicifolium Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 8: 205. 1844.
Samanea arborea Ricker in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3066. 1917.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies and Central America; type from
Jamaica.
Tree, sometimes 4 meters high, with a trunk a meter in diameter, the bark
thick, gray, very rough; leaves large, often 40 cm. long, bright green, glabrate,
with numerous pinnae and leaflets, the latter linear, 12 to 15 mm. long;
flowers white; fruit subterete, constricted, bright red, puberulent, twisted
after dehiscence, blood-red within; seeds black; wood hard, fine-grained, taking
396 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
a good polish. ‘“Coralillo” (Oaxaca); “frijolillo” (Veracruz); “loro,”
“lorito,” “conchido”’ (Costa Rica); “ moruro,” ‘ moruro prieto,’ “ tengue”
(Cuba) ; “ cojébana,” ‘ cojoba” (Porto Rico); “cola de marano,” “cola de
mico,” “ quebracho ” (Guatemala, Honduras, Blake).
The wood is said to be of excellent quality, and is much used in some parts
of the West Indies and Central America for flooring, ceiling, posts, ete.
15. Pithecollobium leptophyllum (Cay.) Daveau, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 59:
635. 1912.
Mimosa leptophylla Cav.; Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 16. 1803.
Pithecollobium palmeri Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 50. 1880.
Pithecollobium palmeri recurvatum 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 23: 272. 1888.
Durango to San Luis Potosi and Puebla; perhaps also in Sonora; type from
somewhere in Mexico.
Shrub, 0.6 to 1.5 meters high, very spiny; leaves small, the pinnae few, the
leaflets numerous, 3 to 4 mm. long; fruit flat, brown, puberulent, curved, 1 to
1.5 cm. wide.
16. Pithecollobium flexicaule (Benth.) Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 15: 270. 1890.
Acacia flericaulis Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1: 505. 1842.
Siderocarpos flexicaulis Small, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 91. 1901.
Samanea jlexicaulis Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 59: 2. 1919.
Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leén. Southwestern Texas.
Spiny shrub or tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with a trunk 1.2 meters in
diameter, the branches irregular and spreading; leaves persistent, the pinnae
2 or 3 pairs, the leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, oblong or obovate, 5 to 12 mm. long, thick,
lustrous; flowers yellow, fragrant; fruit somewhat flattened, hard and woody,
10 to 15 em. long, 2.5 cm. wide, brown or black; wood hard, close-grained,
dark red or purplish brown, with yellowish sapwood, its specific gravity about
1.04. “Ebano” (Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leén).
The wood is very durable and is used for fence posts, wagons, cabinetwork,
fuel, etc. The green seeds are cooked and eaten, and when ripe they are often
roasted and eaten or used as a substitute for coffee.
17. Pithecollobium confine Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 20: 191. 1919.
Baja California ; type from Cape San Lucas.
Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 3 meters high, similar to the last species but
with capitate flowers. ‘“ Palo fierro.”
18. Pithecollobium schaffneri 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 352. 1882.
Samanea schaffneri Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 59:2. 1919.
Known only from the mountains about San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, very spiny, pubescent; pinnae 2 to 4 pairs, the leaflets 2 to 3 mm. long,
acute; fruit 7.5 to 12.5 cm. long, 1 em. wide, straight or somewhat curved
densely pubescent.
19. Pithecollobium tortum Mart. Herb. Fl. Bras. 114. 1837.
Baja California and Sonora to Oaxaca; Veracruz and Yucatéin. Central
America, West Indies, and South America; type from Brazil.
Slender shrub or tree, 3 to 9 meters high, armed with stout spines, the bark
smooth, brown; leaflets oblong.or obovate, 7 to 15 mm. long, pubescent or
glabrous; fruit 7 to 10 mm. wide, often 20 em. long or longer, glabrous. “ Pora-
lana” (Guerrero); “ guayacin” (Honduras).
20. Pithecollobium tomentosum Micheli, Mém. Soe. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve
34: 285. pl. 28, 1903.
Jalisco to Guerrero; Yucatéin; type from banks of the Espiritu Santo, altitude
600 meters.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 397
Tree, 6 to 8 meters high; leaflets 1 to 1.8 cm. long, oblong, puberulent ; flowers
white. ‘“ Parotillo”’ (Michoacin, Guerrero).
The writer has seen no fruit of this plant, which may belong to some other
genus.
21. Pithecollobium brevifolium Benth.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 67. 1852.
Havardia brevifolia Small, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 2: 92. 1901.
Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, and Tamaulipas; type collected between Cerralvo
and Monterrey, Nuevo Leén. Southwestern Texas.
Tree, sometimes 9 meters high, with a trunk 15 cm. in diameter, the bark thin,
smooth, gray; leaves persistent. the pinnae 2 to 5 pairs, the leaflets 10 to 20
pairs, 4 to 8 mm. long, pubescent or glabrate; flowers yellowish white; fruit
flat, straight, 7 to 12 cm. long, about 1.5 em. wide; wood hard, close-grained,
dark reddish brown, very heavy. ‘‘Tenaza” (Nuevo Le6n, Tamaulipas) ;
“huajillo”’ (Texas); “ guajilla” (Tamaulipas).
The tree is of some importance for forage, the leaves being eaten by goats
and sheep in winter. The wood is used for various purposes. Specimens col-
lected in Oaxaca probably belong to this species, and others from Sinaloa (where
the plant is known as ‘“ carbonera’’) are probably conspecific.
22. Pithecollobium albicans (Kunth) Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 30: 592.
1875.
Acacia albicans Kunth, Mimos. Pl. Légum. 87. pl. 27. 1819-24.
Yucatan and Campeche; type from Campeche.
Tree, sometimes 20 meters high; leaflets numerous, 3 to 6 mm. long; fruit
about 10 cm. long. “ Chucum” (Yucatan) ; “ huisache’”’ (Campeche, Ramirez).
The tree is said to produce a gum similar to that of mezquite. The fruit is
reported to contain 18 per cent of tannin, and to yield a black dye.
It is probable that the present material is referred here correctly, although
it does not quite agree with Bentham’s description, especially in regard to the
fruit. The type collection was without fruit, and Bentham’s description of it
was based, presumably, upon specimens from Hidalgo, which may have belonged
to some other species.
23. Pithecollobium sonorae S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 49. 1889.
Dry plains or hillsides, Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 6 meters high, with very hard wood; leaflets numer-
ous, 3 to 4 mm. long; fruit flat, straight, 7 to 9 em. long, 1.5 to2 em. wide. ‘“ Uta
de gato” (Sonora) ; “palo gato” (Sinaloa).
24. Pithecollobium mexicanum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 100. 1891.
Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Tree, 4.5 to 9 meters high or larger, or often only a shrub, with smooth
brownish bark, armed with short spines; leaflets few, oblong, about 5 mm. long,
pale green; fruit flat, thin. “Chino” or “ palo chino.”
The wood is used for furniture, ete.
15. INGA Scop. Intr. Hist. Nat. 298. 1777.
REFERENCES: Bentham, Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 577-622. 1845; Pittier, Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 173-223. pl. 81-105. 1916.
Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves even-pinnate, the leaflets few, large, the
petiole often winged; stipules small; flowers large, spicate or capitate; fruit
large, the seeds imbedded in a pulp.
The fleshy pulp surrounding the seeds is edible, and the pods are often seen
in the markets. The wood is said to be weak and fibrous, with a specific gravity
of 0.54 to 0.67, and to be of little value except for charcoal and firewood. Some
of the species are often planted to shade coffee bushes and as windbreaks to
398 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
protect cacao plantations. The names “chalahuitl” (San Luis Potosi),
“ chelele”’ (Tabasco), “ hulandini” (Michoacin), and “ coyuacate” (Veracruz)
are reported for unidentified species of the genus. Belmar gives the Mixe
name as “ tahk.”
Rachis of the leaf not winged.
Flowers spicate.
Spikes long, slender, interrupted; flowers glabrous or nearly so.
1. I. laurina.
Spikes very short, headlike, dense; flowers densely sericeous.
2. I. leptoloba.
Flowers capitate.
MIGWErs “Sessile: | ShipUles UCeClOWOUSs 92a tee ee eee 3. I. jinicuil.
Flowers pedicellate; stipules persistent.
Corolla 7.5 mm. long or shorter; fruit 9 to 12 cm. long____4. I. paterno.
Corolla 8 to 9 mm. long; fruit sometimes 40 cm. long__--~- 5. I. radians.
Rachis of the leaves winged.
Corolla 10 to 16 mm. long.
Leaflets glabrate on the upper surface; corolla scarcely 10 mm. long.
6. L. pringlei.
Leaflets copiously pubescent on the upper surface; corolla about 15 mm.
long.
Walyx 4 to'6 mm, long= = Stewie Pano east esa ates oe 7. I. edulis.
Calyx about 10 mm. ‘longiis_ 21.022) iis ise llsc_JL_ +8. Texalapensis,
Corolla 20 to 25 mm. long.
Calyx very slender, the tube 2 to 3 mm. thick, thinly pubescent.
9. I. purpusii.
Calyx broad, the tube 3.5 to 5 mm. thick, densely sericeous.
Calyx lobes more than half as long as the tube; leaflets 6 pairs.
10. I. fissicalyx.
Calyx lobes less than half as long as the tube; leaflets usually 5 pairs.
Calyx 10 to 12 mm. long, covered with loose fulvous hairs; bracts
ovate; leaflets obtuse or acutish___-_-_-----___- 11. I. eriocarpa.
Calyx about 15 mm. long, with a fine, close pubescence; bracts linear
or nearly so; leaflets acuminate_~_______-----__-- 12. I. spuria.
1. Inga laurina (Swartz) Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1018. 1806.
Mimosa laurina Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oee. 2: 978. 1800.
Jalisco and Guerrero. Central America and the West Indies; type from St.
Kitts.
Tree, 7.5 to 15 meters high, with large broad crown; leaflets 4 or 6, elliptic
or obovate, 6 to 14 em. long, acute or acuminate, bright green, glabrous; flowers
white, sweet-scented ; fruit flat, about 15 cm. long, 3 to 3.5 em. wide. “ Guamé”
(Porto Rico).
2. Inga leptoloba Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 560. 1838.
Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Central America.
Tree, or often a shrub 2 to 3 meters high; leaflets usually 6, 8 to 18 cm. long,
acute or acuminate, glabrous; spikes paniculate. ‘“ Vainillo’’ (Veracruz).
Planted in Costa Rica as shade for coffee.
8. Inga jinicuil Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 559. 1838.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Large or small tree, often planted to shade coffee; leaflets 6, lanceolate to
elliptic, glabrous, 8 to 11 cm. long, acute, lustrous; flowers white. “ Jinicuil,”
“ cuajinicuil.”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 399
4. Inga paterno Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 419. 1914.
Oaxaca. Guatemala (type locality) to Costa Rica.
Medium-sized tree; leaflets 8 or 10, elliptic to lanceolate, 4 to 17 cm. long,
obtuse or acute, glabrous; fiowers white; fruit flat, 9 to 12 cm. long, 4 to 5 cm.
wide, 2 or 3-seeded. “Paterno” (Guatemala); “cuajinicuil” (Costa Rica).
Often planted, like the other species, for coffee shade.
5. Inga radians Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 178. 1916.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Tapachula, Chiapas.
Tree; leaflets usually 6, elliptic or ovate, 7 to 18 cm. long, acuminate,
glabrous; fruit sometimes 40 cm. long, 6.5 to 8.5 cm. wide, about 3 cm. thick.
“ Cuajinicuil ”’ (Chiapas).
6. Inga pringlei Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 526. 1915. *°
Known only from the type locality, Jalapa, Veracruz.
Small tree; leaflets 10 or 12, lance-oblong, 4 to 7.5 cm. long, acuminate,
thinly pilose beneath.
7. Inga edulis Mart. Flora 20: Beibl. 113. 1837.
Veracruz. Central America and South America; type from Brazil.
Small or large tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with broad spreading crown
and gray bark; leaflets usually 6 or 8, very variable in form, mostly 10 to 20
cm. long; fruit short, angled, densely pubescent, with edible pulp. “ Guayani-
quil”’ (Costa Rica).
8. Inga xalapensis Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 616. 1845.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Veracruz; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central
America.
Small tree, 6 to 8 meters high, the trunk 50 to 60 cm. in diameter, the bark
ashy brown; leaflets 10 to 16, oblong or lance-oblong, 6 to 17 cm, long, acute or
obtuse; fruit 10 to 15 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide. “ Cuajiniquil” (Jalisco) ;
“vainillo” (Sinaloa) ; “cuje’’ (Guatemala).
Wood used in Sinaloa for fence posts.
9. Inga purpusii Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 199. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Finca Yolanda, Chiapas.
Tree; leaflets 4 or 6, ovate or oblong, 10 to 18 cm. long, acute, pubescent on
both surfaces.
10. Inga fissicalyx Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 213. 1916.
Veracruz and Tabasco; type from Zacuapan, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Leaflets lance-oblong, 3 to 11 em. long, acute, pubescent on both surfaces.
“ Bitze,” “ chelele,” ‘‘ guatope”’ (Tabasco).
11. Inga eriocarpa Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 615. 1845.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Michoacin, Oaxaca, and Veracruz; type collected be-
tween San Blas and Guadalajara.
Tree, often 12 meters high, with spreading crown and rough black bares
leaflets about 10, oblong to oval-obovate, 4 to 9 cm. long, very thick; flowers
~ white; fruit subterete, tomentose. ‘“ Vainillo” (Michoacin, Sinaloa); “ agua-
tope” (Oaxaca, from the Nahuatl ahua-topochtic, “ white stamens”’).
12. Inga spuria Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1011. 1806.
Tepic to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Central America and South
America; type from Venezuela.
Large or small tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with wide-spreading crown;
leaflets about 10, 5 to 13 cm. long, pubescent; flowers white; fruit subterete,
short or elongate, tomentose. “ Vainillo” (Veracruz) ; “ jinicuile’”’ (Guerrero) ;
“timbre” (Veracruz); “cuje’” (Guatemala); “guama’ (Venezuela); “ cua-
jinicuil” (Jalisco, Costa Rica).
~
400 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
INGA CORIACEA Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 390. 1852. Described from somewhere
in Mexico.
InGA FLExuoSA Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 559. 1838. J. schiedeana Steud. Nom.
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 810. 1840. Based upon leaf specimens from Jalapa; perhaps the
same as J. zalapensis Benth.
66. CAESALPINIACEAE. Senna Family.
Trees or shrubs, often armed with spines: leaves simple, pinnate, or bipin-
nate; flowers usually large and showy, mostly racemose, regular or irregular;
petals usually 5; stamens commonly 10; fruit a legume but very variable in
form. °
Leaves pinnate, bifoliolate, or simple, never bipinnate.
Anthers*erect! Leaves pinnatetelta oie) oor te ie eee ss 1. CASSIA.
Anthers versatile.
Leaves with numerous leaflets.
Calyxlobes’ 43, fruit ;thi¢ki.us 4. =f? tye pete A | 2. TAMARINDUS.
Calyx lobes 5; fruit very. flat-and thin 2is2+-4- =) 3. POEPPIGIA.
Leaves simple or of 2 leaflets.
Petals very unequal; fruit winged on the upper suture; leaves simple.
4. CERCIS.
Petals subequal; fruit not winged; leaves simple or bifoliolate.
Flowers 7 mm. long or shorter. Fruit indehiscent; leaves bifoliolate.
5. CYNOMETRA.
Flowers more than 1 ecm, long.
Calyx lobes 4; fruit indehiscent. Leaves bifoliolate.
6. HYMENAEA.
Calyx lobes’ 5; ‘fruit dehiscent). =. 2 ee 7. BAUHINIA.
Leaves bipinnate, at least some of them.
Calyx lobes strongly imbricate; seeds without endosperm.
Leaves partly pinnate. Trees or large shrubs____8. HAEMATOXYLUM.
Leaves all bipinnate.
Plants low shrubs, chiefly herbaceous, unarmed; fruit thin, elastically
bivelyateee eee en een ene. or 9. HOFFMANSEGGIA.
Plants large shrubs or trees, often spiny; fruit thin and bivalvate or
Oren Velw THICK 2) ese eee ee Sees noe 10. CAESALPINTIA.
Calyx lobes valvate or slightly imbricate; seeds with endosperm.
Plants unarmed.
Flowers red; fruit very broad, thick, and hard__----_~- 11. DELONIX.
Flowers yellow; fruit narrow, thin__-_------------_- 12. CONZATTIA.
Plants armed with spines. Fruit narrow, thin.
Fruit linear, constricted between the seeds; rachis of the leaf spinose.
13. PARKINSONTIA.
Fruit linear-oblong, not constricted; rachis of the leaf not spinose.
14. CERCIDIUM.
1. CASSIA L. Sp. Pl. 376. 1753.
REFERENCE: Bentham, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21: 508-591. pl. 60-63. 1871.
Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves pinnate, the leaflets large or small; flowers
usually yellow, commonly large and showy, racemose, paniculate, or solitary ;
fruit very variable in form, dehiscent or indehiscent.
Besides the species enumerated here, a large number of herbaceous ones also
occur in Mexico.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 401
Fruit elastically bivalvate. Anthers dehiscent by short terminal slits.
Flowers mostly in terminal racemes, sometimes also in the upper axils; plants
hispid or viscid-pubescent, or both.
Petioles equaling or slightly longer than the rachis; leaflets oval to oblong
Orv ODOWALE 5224-5. oe ee ee er ee 1. C. paucifiora.
Petioles usually twice as long as the rachis or longer; leaflets rounded-
obovate or suborbicular.
Fruit hispid with long spreading hairs; plants prostrate or procumbent.
2. C. hispidula.
Fruit pilose with short appressed hairs; plants erect__3. C. enneandra.
- Flowers solitary or clustered in the axils; plants neither hispid nor viscid.
Weatletsi2) OPN4= === ok ee a Ok 4. C. diphylia.
Leaflets more than 2.
Leaflets 3 or 4 pairs.
Venations of the leaflets conspicuously reticulate_______ 5. C. greggii.
Venation of the leaflets not reticulate___________ 6. C. macdougaliana.
Leaflets numerous pairs.
Costa of the leaflet very close to the margin___--______ 7. C. cinerea.
Costa of the leaflet remote from the margin. ‘
Stems olabrate or puberulent.-W-=—-+_ += -_*____ = 8. C. flexuosa.
Stems pilose with spreading hairs____--__-_--____~- 9. C. picachensis.
Fruit indehiscent or dehiscent, never elastically bivalvate.
Gland of the petiole borne at the base of the petiole.
Hrnit.t> to 25.em. long, 2 to.3,mm., wide=— 42 =-e 10. C. leptocarpa.
Fruit 7.5 to 12.5 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide _--_-=_—-_-_ 11. C. occidentalis.
Glands borne between the leaflets or none.
Anthers partly dehiscent by basal pores, pubescent____---~ 12. C. grandis.
Anthers all dehiscent at or near the apex, usually glabrous.
A. Fruit turgid, terete, subterete, tetragonous, or articulate-compressed
and strongly constricted between the seeds.
Seeds longitudinal.
Plants glabrous or nearly so; leaflets usually 3 pairs____13. C. tora.
Plants sericeous or stellate-tomentose; leaflets 3 to 5 pairs.
IBTARtSaSELriCCOUS 2) 22182 25 gO Ny me 14. C. ornithopoides.
Biantsssrellate:tomentoses ek tee eee eee 15. C. villosa.
Seeds transverse.
Leaflets 2 pairs.
Racemes axillary, much shorter than the leaves.
heatlets) ;clabraqus.- / ies cis ae Re Se 16. C. inaequilatera.
Leaflets pubescent beneath.
Leaflets obtuse.2<2 5-224 a sks sae 17. C. berlandieri.
Meafletsracute: 22s. Mee) Se See eh ee 18. C. densiflora.
Racemes mostly arranged in a large terminal panicle.
Leaflets densely pubescent beneath ___-----_-- 19. C. oxyphylia.
Leaflets glabrous beneath or obscurely puberulent.
Gland present between the lowest pair of leaves; stipules
SOLACE O USE 22 So Ae. es ae ee hn 20. C. fruticosa.
Glands present between both pairs of leaflets; stipules lanceo-
Jeeta: ie ee ee eee Lee 21. C. undulata.
Leaflets 3 or more pairs. ,
Leaflets 6 to 18 pairs.
Leaflets 6 to 8 pairs, rounded at apex, tomentose beneath.
22. C. tomentosa.
Leaflets 8 to 15 pairs, acute, glabrous_-___-_-- 23. C. spectabilis.
402 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaflets 3 to 5 pairs.
Leaflets acute, usually glabrous_______________ 24. C. laevigata.
Leaflets obtuse or rounded at the apex, often pubescent.
Leaflets densely sericeous__________________ 25. C. argentea.
Leaflets glabrous or nearly so____________ 26. C. bicapsularis.
AA, Fruit strongly compressed, flat, not articulate, or if articulate not
much constricted between the seeds.
B. Gland present between the lowest pair of leaflets, large and con-
spicuous.
Fruit breaking into 1-seeded joints_________-_______ 27. C. skinneri.
Fruit not jointed.
Leaflets 2 or 3 pairs.
Fruit linear-oblong, about 12 mm. wide_________ 28. C. purpusi.
Fruit linear, less than 8 mm. wide. :
Anthers*erestrates eas See ON a 29. C. botteriana.
Anthers partly rostrate.
Interior sepals 12 mm. long; plants usually pubescent.
30. C. leiophylla.
Interior sepals 6 mm. long; plants glabrous.
31. C. holwayana.
Leaflets 4 to 40 pairs.
Leaflets 18 to 40 pairs, linear-oblong________ 32. C. multijuga.
Leaflets 4 to 15 pairs, usually broader.
Leaflets small, 4 to 6 mm. long____________ 33. C. polyphylla.
Leaflets 7 to 20 mm. long or longer.
Petals about 7 mm. long; flowers in long racemes; leaflets
densely pilose beneath______________ 34. C. chiapensis.
Petals 15 to 20 mm. long or larger; flowers clustered or in
very short few-flowered racemes; leaflets usually
glabrous or sparsely pubescent.
leatlets acuminate. 2_— = 2 ere ee 35. C. tonduzii.
* Leaflets rounded or very obtuse at apex.
Leaflets oblong, 9 to 12 pairs______ 36. C. quiedondilla,
Leaflets obovate to oval, usually 4 to § pairs.
37. C. biflora.
BB. Glands none or minute and inconspicuous.
MOCaHetS A yey aa ey eee ae a ee ae 38. C. unijuga.
Leaflets 3 to 15 pairs.
Leaflets small, 3 to 7 mm. wide or narrower.
Fruit winged on the margins.
Leaflets 4 to 7 pairs, obovate-oval____-___ 39. C. galeottiana.
Leaflets 8 to 14 pairs, elliptic-oblong_______ 40. C. polyantha.
Fruit not winged.
Fruit 9 to 15 cm. long, the valves thin_______ 41. C. wislizeni.
Fruit 14 to 25 cm. long, the valves thick______ 42. C. pringlei.
Leaflets large, 1 to 6 cm. wide or larger.
Valves Ofsphe iruit Wilted ee en eee 43. C. alata.
Valves of the fruit not winged.
Leaflets 3 to 5 pairs.
Leaflets acute or acutish, soft-pubescent beneath.
44. C. atomaria.
Leaflets rounded or very obtuse at the apex.
Leaflets oblong. 2. 2 ae ee 45. C. peralteana.
Leaflets oval, oval-ovate, or rounded.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 4038
Fruit and ovary glabrous or nearly so.
46. C. emarginata.
Fruit and ovary pubescent____-_-___ 47. C. andrieuxii.
Leaflets 6 to 15 pairs.
Leaflets glabrous; stipules large, reniform.
48. C. nicaraguensis.
Leaflets pubescent; stipules lanceolate to linear.
Fruit glabrous; leaflets usually acute___49. C. racemosa.
Fruit pubescent, at least when young; leaflets very obtuse
or rounded at the apex.
Leaflets 1.8 to 3 em. long; bracts lanceolate.
50. C. liebmanni.
Leaflets mostly 5 to 12 cm. long; bracts rounded-oval.
51. C. reticulata.
1. Cassia pauciflora H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 360. 1823.
Cassia punctulata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 420. 1841.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from La Venta del Peregrino. Central America;
Brazil. mae
Shrub 0.6 to 2.5 meters high, viscid-hirsute; leaflets 2 pairs, 1.5 to 4.5 cm.
long, obtuse or rounded at apex; petals yellow, nearly 2 cm. long; fruit about
3 cm. long, nearly 1 em: wide. “ Bejuco” (Sinaloa).
2. Cassia hispidula Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 3: 10. 1807.
Durango to Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America and South America.
Plants procumbent, usually herbaceous, but sometimes fruticose, very viscid ;
leaflets 2 pairs, 1 to 2 cm. long; petals bright yellow, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; fruit
flat, hirsute, 3 to 4.5 cm. long, 8 mm. wide. ‘ Nahuapate” (Costa Rica).
The plant is used medicinally in Costa Rica. The seeds are reported to con-
tain abrin, the principle found in the seeds of Abrus precatorius.
3. Cassia enneandra T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 179. 1915.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Cerro de Picacho, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets 2 pairs, 1 to 1.8 em. long, thinly
pilose; flowers about 1.8 cm. long.
4. Cassia diphylla L. Sp. Pl. 376. 1758.
Veracruz to Guerrero and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in tropical America.
Plants essentially annual and usually herbaceous, but often frutescent, pros-
trate, glabrous; leaflets and large stipules finely parallel-veined.
5. Cassia greggii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1:59. 1852.
Chameaecrista greggii Pollard ; Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 5. 1909.
Nuevo Le6én (type locality) and Tamaulipas.
Low shrub, nearly glabrous, with gray or brownish branches; leaflets oblong,
about 1 cm. long; flowers 1.5 em. long; fruit flat, 4 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, pu-
berulent.
6. Cassia macdougaliana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 267. 1909.
San Luis Potosi to Puebla; type from Tehuacian, Puebla.
Densely branched shrub, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaflets 4 to 8 mm. long, bright
green, thick; flowers large, deep yellow, long-pedicellate.
7. Cassia cinerea Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 559. 1830.
Chamaecrista cinerea Pollard; Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 5. 1900.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca, often on seashores; type collected between
Tecolutla and Villa Rica, Veracruz.
Ascending or prostrate shrub, the stem sometimes 2 meters long; leaflets
small, pubescent.
404 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Cassia flexuosa L. Sp. Pl. 379. 1753.
Chamaecrista flexuosa Greene, Pittonia 4: 27. 1899.
Chamaecrista amplistipulata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 267. 1909.
Yucatén to Guerrero and Oaxaca. Central America and northern South
America; type from Brazil.
Low erect shrub, with small coriaceous leaflets and large stipules,
9. Cassia picachensis T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 180. 1915.
Guerrero to Oaxaca; type from Cerro de Picacho, Oaxaca.
Very closely related to the preceding species, and probably only a pubescent
form of it.
10. Cassia leptocarpa Benth. Linnaea 22: 528. 1849.
Sinaloa to Chihuahua, Veracruz, and Oaxaca, Central America and South
America.
More commonly, perhaps, herbaceous, but sometimes shrubby and 2.5 meters
high, ill-scented, variable in pubescence, sometimes glabrous but often pilose;
leaflets about 5 pairs, ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate; flowers large
and showy, paniculate; fruit subterete, 15 to 25 em. long. ‘“ Viche”’ (Sinaloa).
11. Cassia occidentalis L. Sp. Pl. 377. 1753.
Chihuahua to Sinaloa, Chiapas, and Yucatén. Widely distributed in tropical
and subtropical America; type from Jamaica.
Herbaceous or shrubby, sometimes 2.5 meters high, ill-scented; leaflets 4 to 7
pairs, ovate, 2 to 8 cm. long, acute or acuminate, usually glabrous; flowers
large and showy, mostly axillary; fruit flat, glabrous, with thick margins.
“ Habilla,” “habilla prieta’” (Michoacin, Guerrero); “bricho” (Jalisco, San
Luis Potosi); “ mezquitillo” (Jalisco, Oaxaca); ‘“ hediondillo” (Oaxaca) ;
“vainillo” (Oaxaca); “ecapatli” or “ecapacle” (Nahuatl) ; “ frijolillo” (El
Salvador, Panama, Nicaragua); “pico de pajaro” (Costa Rica, Nicaragua) ;
“hierba de la potra,” “hierba de gallinazo,” ‘“ aitera,” “ bicho,” ‘ furrusca,”
“comida de murciélago,” “ chilinchile” (Colombia); “brusea” (Colombia,
Venezuela, Cuba) ; “ hierba hedionda,” ‘‘ martinica” (Cuba).
The seeds are sometimes employed as a substitute for coffee. The plant is
used in domestic medicine for its reputed tonic, diuretic, stomachic, and febri-
fuge properties. It is employed especially for dropsy, rheumatism, fevers, and
venereal diseases. An infusion of the leaves has been employed by the regular
physicians of the French colonies of western Africa in the treatment of yellow
fever, with good results according to reports. The plant is used also, in the
form of an ointment, as a remedy for ringworm, eczema, and other cutaneous
diseases,
This species is figured by Hernindez,? and described in a chapter entitled
“De Hceapatli, seu parva Sambuco.” His account is as follows: “ Hepatli,
which some call Tlaloazin, some Totoncazihoitl, or hot medicine, some Xomo-
tontli, or little elder, and others Xiopatli, is a hairy shrub, with leaves like’
the almond, and smooth, purplish, slender, round stems. On the tips of the
branches are borne the yellow flowers, from which spring the pods, which
are slender, round, and long, filled with purplish seeds, like lentils but smaller,
of heavy odor and bitter flavor. The shrub grows in fields of the hot and
temperate regions, and is often cultivated about houses and gardens because
of its medicinal virtues. Its nature is hot and dry and somewhat astringent.
It cures tumors and ulcers and calms ear-ache. The,leaves, crushed and
applied as a plaster to the belly, benefit infants who vomit their milk; and
*See Heckel, Les plantes utiles de Madagascar, p. 266. 1910.
? Thesaurus 112. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 405
applied likewise to the head they alleviate pain; and applied everywhere to
the body, or taken in the quantity of a handful, they relieve fever chills.
Some say that in this manner it cures indigestion also, that its application
helps that form of leprosy which the Indians call Xiotl.”
12. Cassia grandis L. f. Suppl. Pl. 230. 1791.
Collected at Acapulco, but perhaps only cultivated; reported from Tabasco.
Central America, West Indies, and South America.
Tree, 4 to 10 meters high or larger; leaflets large, oblong, 10 to 20 pairs,
pubescent; flowers large and showy, racemose, white or pink; fruit 45 to 60
em. long, about 3.5 cm. in diameter. “ Cafiafistula grande” (Tabasco) ;
“ cafiafistula ” (Guerrero); “carao” (Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador) ;
“sandal” (Costa Rica); “cargo” (El Salvador, Honduras); “ cafiafistula
gruesa,” “ cahnandonga ” (Colombia) ; “ caraémano” (Nicaragua) ; ‘“ cafiafistula
cimarrona ”’ (Porto Rico).
The fruit is filled with a bitter pulp, which has laxative properties and is
used in the treatment of fevers.
It is probably this species which has been reported frequently from Mexico
as C. fistula L. The writer has seen no Mexican specimens of the latter,
although it may occur in Mexico, at least in cultivation. The following
Mexican names names are reported for C. fistula: “ Cafiafistula,” “ quauhayo-
huachtli,” ‘quauhuayo.” It has been reported from Oaxaca, Campeche,
Morelos, and Veracruz.
13. Cassia tora L. Sp. Pl. 376. 1753.
Baja California and Sonora to Chiapas and Veracruz. Widely distributed in
the tropics of both hemispheres.
Plants ill-scented, glabrous or nearly so, usually herbaceous but sometimes
fruticose and a meter high; leaflets obovate or rounded-obovate, 2 to 5 em.
long, rounded at apex; flowers large, yellow; fruit 15 to 20 em. long, 3 to 4
mm. wide. “Dormilén” (Costa Rica); “biche manso” (Sinaloa); “ ejotil”
(Guatemala, Honduras, Blake).
The leaves are said to have the purgative properties of the senna of com-
merce. In the Old World tropics they are sometimes cooked and eaten. In
India the plant bears a great reputation as a remedy for ringworm and other
cutaneous diseases. It is sometimes cultivated there for the seeds, which are
used as a mordant in dyeing cloth blue. The seeds are sometimes employed
in Mexico as a substitute for coffee, and it is said that they have been im-
ported into Europe from the tropics for use in adulterating that article. In
India the leaves are fried in castor oil (oil of Ricinus communis) and applied
to ulcers; they are also crushed and used to relieve the pain of insect stings,
and employed as poultices to boils to hasten suppuration. In the same country
the seeds, ground and mixed with buttermilk, are employed to relieve itching
eruptions of the skin.
14. Cassia ornithopoides Lam. Encycl. 1: 466. 1783.
Cassia sericea Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 724. 1797.
Tamaulipas to Sonora, Guerrero. and Yucatan. Central America, West In-
dies, and South America.
Plants usually herbaceous, but sometimes fruticose and a meter high,
Sericeous with rufous or fulvous hairs; flowers small, yellow; fruit short,
tetragonous, constricted between the seeds. “ Ovilla ” (Michoacfiin, Guerrero) ;
“xtuab” (Ramirez).
Seeds used in Brazil as a substitute for coffee, the leaves as poultices for
wounds, and the roots as a remedy for dropsy.
406 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
15. Cassia villosa Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cassia no. 4. 1768.
Cassia astroites Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 597. 1830.
Cassia articulata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 266. 1909.
Baja California; Oaxaca; Yucatan.
Shrub 1 to 2 meters high, easily recognized by the stellate pubescence;
leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, ovate, 2.5 to 6.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate; flowers
yellow; fruit 4 to 5 mm. wide, densely pubescent, deeply constricted between
the seeds.
16. Cassia inaequilatera Balb.; DC. Prodr. 2: 490. 1825.
Reported from Oaxaca by Bentham. Colombia and Venezuela; type from
Santa Marta, Colombia.
Leaflets ovate, acuminate; flowers in axillary racemes.
17. Cassia berlandieri Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 27: 520. 1871.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Tampico.
The writer has seen no material of this species.
18. Cassia densiflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12: 304. 1843.
Durango to Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Guatulco, Oaxaca.
Leaflets obliquely ovate, 6 to 15 cm. long, obtuse or acute, thin, bright green;
flowers yellow, in axillary racemes.
19. Cassia oxyphylla Kunth, Mimos. Pl. Légum. 129. pl. 39. 1819-24.
Cassia hartwegii Benth. Pl. Hartw. 117. 1848.
Sinaloa to Chiapas. Central America and northwestern South America; type
from Venezuela.
Shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets oblique, oblong to obovate-oval, 6 to 18
em. long, usually short-acuminate; flowers large, pale yellow; fruit subterete,
about 14 cm. long and 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter, the valves thin, smooth.
* Candelillo”’ (Costa Rica); “‘frijol de monte” (Panama); “ casia fistula ”
(Sinaloa).
The plant is used in Sinaloa as a vomitive.
20. Cassia fruticosa Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cassia no. 10. 1768.
Cassia bacillaris L. f. Suppl. Pl. 231. 1781
Guerrero to Chiapas, Yucatan, and Veracruz. West Indies, Central America,
and northern South America.
Slender, erect or scandent shrub; leaflets ovate, oblong, or obovate, oblique,
7 to 18 em. long, usually acuminate; flowers yellow, large and showy; fruit
terete, 14 to 35 cm. long, 1 cm. or less in diameter. ‘‘ Quitegato” (Guerrero) ;
“quelite”” (Tabasco, Rovirosa); “vainillo” (Nicaragua); “sen de palillos”
(Costa Rica).
This is probably the species reported by Sessé and Mocifio’ as C. viminea.
21. Cassia undulata Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 76. 1840.
Michoacin and Guerrero to Tabasco. Central America and northern South
America.
Erect or scandent shrub, 2 to 4 meters high; leaflets obliquely lanceolate or
ovate, 4.5 to 9 em. long, long-acuminate, bright green, lustrous; flowers yellow,
large and showy.
22. Cassia tomentosa L. f. Suppl. Pl. 231. 1781.
Querétaro to Hidalgo and Oaxaca; often cultivated. Central America and
South America.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 4.5 meters high, tomentose throughout; leaflets ob-
long, 2 to 6.5 em long; flowers large and showy; fruit subterete, tomentose,
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 63. 1887.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 407
about 11 cm. long, with thin valves. “‘ Retama” (Guerrero, Ramirez) ; “ alca-
parro” (Colombia).
23. Cassia spectabilis DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp, 90. 1813.
Reported from Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, and Colombia.
Tree, sometimes 9 meters high; leaflets lanceolate, 4.5 to 8 em. long, attenuate;
fruit 25 to 30 cm. long, terete, glabrous, transversely sulcate, with thick hard
yalves. ‘‘Canchin” (Veracruz, Ramirez).
It may be that this is one of the species which, in Mexico, have been confused
with C. fistula L.
24. Cassia laevigata Willd. Enum. Pl. 441. 1809.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Widely distributed in the
tropics of both hemispheres.
Plants herbaceous or fruticose, sometimes 2.5 meters high, or occasionally a
small tree, glabrous or nearly so; leaflets usually ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, acute
or acuminate; flowers yellow; fruit subcompressed, 6 to 10 em. long, 6 to 8 mm,
in diameter. “ Duerme de noche” (Durango) ; “ retama” or “ retamo” (Vera-
cruz, Durango, Oaxaca) ; “ café del pais,” (Veracruz, Oaxaca) ; “sen del pais,”
“hierba hedionda macho” (Porto Rico); “frijolillo” (Guatemala, Honduras,
Blake).
Seeds sometimes used as a substitute for coffee. The plant is said to have
purgative properties, and is used in Mexico as an emmenagogue. Sornay states
that the plant has been suspected to be poisonous.
This species is figured by Hernandez’ and discussed in a chapter entitled ‘‘ De
Chatalhuic Cassia Silvestri.” The figure applies to this plant, but the descrip-
tion does not agree in all particulars. He speaks of it as ‘“ chatalhuic, which
some call Cacaotl or Casia fistula.” ‘The bark,’ he says, ‘‘ which is hot and
dry in the fourth degree, is light or dark in color; powdered and drunk in the
quantity of two drachms in water in the morning it purges the bile and phlegm,
and expels worms if there are any in the body. It is esteemed as an excellent
drug by the natives. The same bark, mixed with Agvin and supplied behind
the ears, cures earache. The rind of the fruit, which is sweet and in flavor simi-
lar to that of Cassia fistula, drunk in the same manner and quantity, purges
the bile and phlegm, soothes the belly, and acts as a gentle purgative. The same
rind, pulverized and infused in water (a comb being wetted with it), restores
the hair and makes it grow long. The seeds, ground and mixed with water and
drunk, soothe fevers. All of which things have been proved by a thousand
experiments.” On page 376 of the same work there is figured, without descrip-
tion, “‘ Ecapatli altera,’” which also is probably of this species.
25. Cassia argentea H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 358. 1823.
Known only from the type locality, banks of the Rio Mescala.
Said to be a shrub about a meter high, although the related species are
much lower and herbaceous. No material seen by the writer.
26. Cassia bicapsularis L. Sp. Pl. 376. 1753.
Cassia ovalifolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12: 305. 1848.
Cassia manzanilloana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 325. 1895.
Sonora to Tamaulipas, Yucatin, and Chiapas. Widely distributed in tropical
America ; also adventive in the Old World.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high, or often herbaceous, glabrous or pubescent;
leaflets oval or obovate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long; flowers pale yellow, very large and
showy; fruit subterete, about 11 cm. long and 1 ecm. in diameter, smooth.
“Bricho” or “bicho” (Jalisco, San Luis Potosi); “alcaparrillo” (Oaxaca,
*Thesaurus 70. 1651.
55268—22—_16
408 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Guatemala, Peru); “cochimbo” (Oaxaca, Tabasco); “sen del pais” (Cuba,
Porto Rico); “hoja de sen” (Porto Rico); “hierba del burro” (Argentina).
Leaves reported to have purgative properties. The wood is said to have been
used in Brazil for paper making.
27. Cassia skinneri Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 27: 542. 1871.
Cassia nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 135. 7. 1. 1897.
Cassia trichoneura T. S. Brandeg, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 179. 1915.
Guerrero to Morelos and Chiapas. Guatemala (type locality).
Shrub or tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaflets usually 5 pairs, oval, oblong, or
obovate, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, rounded at apex, pubescent beneath; flowers yellow,
the petals about 3.5 cm. long, conspicuously veined; fruit flat, about 14 cm.
long and 1 cm. wide, puberulent. ‘“ Parocata” (Guerrero).
28. Cassia purpusi T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 234. 1906.
Baja California ; type from Calmallf.
Low shrub with dark branches; leaflets oval, 1 to 2 cm. long, rounded at
apex, glaucescent; flowers yellow; fruit 5 or 6 cm. long, glabrate.
29. Cassia botteriana’ Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 27: 541. 1871.
Veracruz and Tepic; type from Orizaba, Veracruz,
No material seen by the writer.
80. Cassia leiophylla Vog. Gen. Cass. Syn. 25. 1837.
Veracruz; reported from Tabasco. Central America and South America;
type from Brazil.
Low shrub, or sometimes wholly herbaceous; leaflets broadly obovate, 3 to 5
em. long, rounded at apex; flowers yellow, the petals 3 cm. long; fruit about 10
em. long and 5 mm. wide, falcate, glabrate. ‘“‘ Hormiguera” (Tabasco, Rovi-
rosa).
31. Cassia holwayana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 301. 1905.
Cassia multiflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 307. 1843. Not C. multi-
flora Vog. 1837.
Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from the city of Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high, glabrous; leaflets oval or oblong, 2 to 7.5 em.
long, rounded at the apex; flowers yellow, very large and showy; fruit flat, 7
to 11 cm. long, 5 to 7 mm. wide. ‘“ Retamo” (Oaxaca, Villada).
32. Cassia multijuga L. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 108. 1792.
Puebla and Chiapas. South America; West Indies.
Tree, about 6 meters high; leaflets linear, 10 to 15 mm. long, glabrous; flowers
large, yellow; fruit flat, 15 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, glabrous.
33. Cassia polyphylla Jacq. Coll. Bot. 4: 104. 1790.
Yucatin. West Indies; type from Porto Rico.
Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high, or sometimes a tree of 15 meters; leaflets few,
oval or obovate; flowers yellow, mostly solitary; fruit flat, linear. ‘‘ Hedion-
dilla,” ‘‘retama,” ‘‘retama prieta” (Porto Rico).
34. Cassia chiapensis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 19: 215. 1919.
Chiapas; type from Teopisca.
Probably a shrub, densely pilose throughout; leaflets oval, 2 to 4 cm. long,
rounded at apex; flowers small, yellow, racemose; fruit short, flat, thin, glab-
rate.
Mateo Botteri, a Dalmatian, was sent to Mexico by the Horticultural So-
ciety of London about 1850. Later he collected on his own account, and made
very extensive series of specimens, which were widely distributed. These
came chiefly, if not entirely, from the region of Orizaba, where he settled and
later died.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 409
35. Cassia tonduzii Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 215. 1919.
Chiapas. Costa Rica (type locality).
Tree; leaflets elliptic or oblong, 3 to 8 cm. long; flowers yellow, about 3 em.
leng; fruit flat, 15 to 18 cm. long, 6 mm. wide, glabrate.
36. Cassia quiedondilla Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 272. pl.
19, 1903.
Guerrero; type from Los Fresnos. Guatemala to Costa Rica.
Shrub; leaflets 1.2 to 3 cm. long, rounded at apex, pale beneath, glabrate;
flowers yellow, the petals 3 to 3.5 cm. long. ‘‘ Quiedondilla”’ (Guerrero).
Probably not essentially different from some of the forms of C. bifiora.
87. Cassia biflora L. Sp. Pl. 378. 1753.
Cassia acapulcensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 353. 1823.
Cassia geminifiora Moc. & Sessé; Collad. Hist. Nat. Méd. Cass. 103. pl. 3.
1816.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Yucatan, and Chiapas. Widely distributed in
tropical America.
Slender shrub, 0.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaflets 1 to 3.5 em. long, rounded or
sometimes emarginate at apex, glabrous or nearly so; flowers yellow, 2 to 3 em.
long; fruit flat, 5 to 11 cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, straight or curved. ‘ Flor de
San José” (Oaxaca); “ahumada,” “ montenegrito” (Nicaragua); “retama ”
(Porto Rico) ; “brucha” (Venezuela) ; ‘“ abejon,” “ biche silvestre” (Sinaloa).
Said to have been used in the Bahamas as a remedy for venereal diseases.
38. Cassia unijuga Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 195. 1899.
Puebla; type from Tehuacan.
Densely branched shrub, 30 to 90 cm. high; leaflets rounded, 6 to 11 mm.
long, subretuse at apex, pubescent; flowers axillary, yellow. 2.5 em. long; fruit
flat, glabrous, about 10 cm. long and 7 mm. wide.
39. Cassia galeottiana Martens, Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 305. 1843.
Puebla and Oaxaca (type locality).
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets 5 to 9 mm. long, rounded
at the apex, glabrate; flowers yellow, 1 to 1.5 em. long; fruit about 7 em. long
and 2 em. wide, flat and thin, glabrous, narrowly winged, breaking into short
joints.
40. Cassia polyantha Moc. & Sessé; Collad. Hist. Nat. Méd. Cass. 112. pl. 2.
1816.
Cassia browniana Kunth, Mimos. Pl. Légum. 135. pl. 41. 1819-24.
Cassia goldmani Rose. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 98. 1906.
Baja California; Guanajuato to Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets 1 to 2 em. long, rounded
at apex. glabrate in age; flowers yellow, about 1 cm. long; fruit similar to
that of the preceding species.
41. Cassia wislizeni A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 60. 1852.
Chihuahua (type locality) to Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosf, and Querétaro.
Southern New Mexico and Arizona.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaflets obovate or rounded, 4 to 15 mm. long,
rounded at apex, thinly and minutely sericeous; petals yellow, 2 cm. long;
fruit flat, 6 te 8 mm. wide, glabrous, lustrous. “ Pinacate” (Zacatecas).
42. Cassia pringlei Rose. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 194. 1899.
Cassia morelensis Greenm. Proce, Amer. Acad. 39: 79. 1903.
Colima to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Tomellin, Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaflets oblong, obovate, or oval, 5
to 8 mm. long; flowers 2 to 2.5 em. long; fruit flat, 6 mm. wide.
410 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
43. Cassia alata L. Sp. Pl. 378. 1753.
Guerrero; reported from Yucatan, Oaxaca, and Tabasco, but chiefly culti-
vated, probably. Widely distributed in tropical America.
Shrub, 1 to 4 meters high; leaflets oval to oblong, 6 to 17 cm. long, rounded
at apex, glabrate; flowers large, lemon-yellow, racemose; fruit about 15 em.
long, each valve with a broad thin wing. “Flor del secreto” (Yucatan,
Oaxaca); “taratana” (Oaxaca, Tabasco); “ soroncontil” (Nicaragua); “ ba-
jagua,” “lucutema,” “ mocuteno,” “ majagiiillo’”” (Colombia) ; “ laurefio ” (Pana-
ma); “guacamaya francesa” (Cuba); “barajo” (Guatemala, Honduras,
Blake) ; “ talantola,” “talantro” (Porto Rico); “ guajavo” (Santo Domingo).
In Jamaica the plant is known as “ringworm shrub.” It is a very hand-
some shrub when in flower. In Guam and the Philippines it is called “Aca-
puleo,” doubtless from the fact that it was introduced into those islands by
the ships which sailed between Acapulco and Manila. In the Philippines this
name has also been modified as “ Capuleo” and ‘‘ Capurco.” Reko refers the
Nahuatl name “ecapatli” to this species, and states that the plant was em-
ployed by the Aztecs for syphilis. He refers here also the name “ totoncaxi-
huitl”’ (“fever-herb”), and states that the plant found use also as a remedy
for fevers.
The leaves are said to have purgative, diuretic. and sudorific properties, and
they are employed widely as a remedy for ringworm and other cutaneous dis-
eases. The decoction of the plant has been used in the West Indies for ve-
nereal diseases, as a remedy for snake bites, and to destroy chiggers. Drury
reports that it is widely used by Hindoo physicians for all sorts of poisonous
bites. For an illustration of the plant see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 39.
44. Cassia atomaria L. Mant. Pl. 68. 1767.
Sinaloa to Chiapas. Central America and South America.
Tree, 5 to 12 meters high; leaflets oblong, elliptic, or ovate, 4.5 to 12 cm, long,
densely pubescent beneath; flowers large, yellow, racemose; fruit flat, 14 to 40
em. long or more, 1 to 1.5 em. wide. “ Quediondillo”’ (Michoacan, Guerrero;
doubtless a corruption of ‘‘ hediondilla ”’).
45. Cassia peralteana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 356. 1823.
A very doubtful species ; known only from the original collection obtained near
Campeche.
Leaflets oblong, 1 to 3 cm. long, appressed-puberulent beneath; flowers in
axillary racemes.
46. Cassia emarginata L. Sp. Pl. 376. 1753.
Cassia arborescens Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cassia no, 15. 1768.
Nearly throughout Mexico. West Indies, Central America, and northern
South America.
Tree, 3.5 to 7 meters high, or larger; trunk often 25 to 30 cm. in diameter ;
bark dark brown; leaflets oblong to rounded-oval, 2 to 13 cm. long, pubescent
beneath ; flowers large, pale yellow or orange, racemose; fruit like that of C.
atomaria. “Wor de San José,” “ aleaparro,” “ vara de San José,” “ chile perro ”
(Oaxaca) ; “ xtuab” (Yucatéin) ; “palo de zorrillo” (Baja California) ; “ palo ~
hediondo ” (Veracruz) ; “mora hedionda ” (Sinaloa) ; ‘f vainillo’”’ (Nicaragua) ;
“brucha macho” (Venezuela); ‘ guacamaya amarilla,” “ Japiter amarillo”
(Cuba) ; “ palo de chivo” (Santo Domingo).
Reported to have purgative properties and to be used in Jamaica as a dye-
wood. In Sinaloa the leaves are applied to allay the pain of insect stings. The
flowers are very abundant and showy.
47. Cassia andrieuxii Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 27: 548. 1871.
Cassia fulva T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 233. 1906.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 411
Puebla (type locality) and Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree; leaflets oval or obovate-oval, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, densely
pubescent on both surfaces; flowers yellow, racemose; fruit 15 cm. long, about
8 mm. wide.
48. Cassia nicaraguensis Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 27: 552. 1871.
Cassia seleriana Harms, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 551. 1899.
Guerrero to Oaxaca. Central America; type from Nicaragua.
Tree, 4 to 6 meters high, glabrous; stipules very large, semireniform, per-
sistent; leaflets numerous, oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex;
flowers yellow, in long racemes; fruit 8 to 11 cm. long, nearly 1.5 cm. wide,
lustrous, the valves prominently mamillate over the seeds. ‘‘ Candelita ” (Costa
Rica) ; ‘“‘sambrain” (El Salvador).
49. Cassia racemosa Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cassia no. 19, 1768.
Yucatan. South America.
Tree, 6 to 18 meters high; leaflets oblong to oval-elliptic, 3 to 6 cm. long;
fiowers large, orange or yellow, in short dense racemes; fruit about 6.5 cm.
long and 1 cm. wide, fiat.
50. Cassia liebmanni Benth. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 27: 549. 1871.
Known only from the type locality, Santiago Estola, Oaxaca.
51. Cassia reticulata Willd. Enum. Pl. 4438. 1809.
Chiapas; reported from Yucatén and Tabasco. Central America and South
America.
Tree, 3.5 to 8 meters high; leaflets oblong to obovate, rounded at apex;
flowers large, yellow, in long racemes; fruit very flat, 12 to 18 cm. long, 1.3
to 2 em. wide, the valves thin. “ Sambraén,” “sambran de rio” (El Salvador) ;
“ saragundin”’ (Costa Rica); ‘ sorocontil” (Nicaragua); “tarantaén” (Vene-
zuela),
2. TAMARINDUS L. Sp. Pl. 34. 1753.
1. Tamarindus indicus L. Sp. Pl. 34. 1753.
Widely cultivated in Mexico, as well as elsewhere in tropical America, and
often growing without cultivation. Native of the tropics of the Old World.
Large unarmed tree, sometimes 15 meters high or more, with widely spread-
ing crown, the bark brown; leaves pinnate, the leaflets numerous, oblong, 1
to 2 em. long; flowers large, yellow, striped with red, racemose; fruit large,
brown, rough, thick, indehiscent, the 4 to 7 brown seeds surrounded by a juicy
red pulp; wood fine-grained, dirty white or yellowish, its specific gravity
said to be about 0.94. Known generally as “ tamarindo;” the name “ huaje” or
“hoaxin ” is said to be used in some localities.
The tamarind was introduced into Mexico soon after the Conquest, and is
now a common tree in many regions. The wood is of some local importance.
It is valuable for building purposes and furnishes excellent charcoal for the
manufacture of gunpowder. In India the leaves are used to give a yellow
dye and the seeds, young leaves, and flowers are eaten. The fruit is the most
important product of the tree, the juicy, acidulous pulp being eaten and em-
ployed generally in tropical America in the preparation of cooling beverages.
It is made also into various kinds of sweetmeats. In some parts of tropical
America a fermented drink is made from the pulp.
In India the fruit is much used for flavoring curries, and the seeds are
often cooked and eaten. The young seedlings also are boiled as a vegetable,
likewise the leaves and flowers.
The pulp of the fruit is official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. It contains
sugar and acetic, tartaric, and citric acids. Its fluid extract is laxative and
412 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
refrigerant, and an infusion is employed as a beverage in febrile diseases.
The supply of the fruit for the United States comes chiefly from the West
Indies; that for Europe from India, the West Indies, and Ecuador. For
shipment the outer shell is stripped off and the pulp preserved with sugar
or syrup. In Madagascar a decoction of the bark is employed for asthma and
amenorrhoea, and a decoction of the leaves for intestinal worms and de-
rangements of the stomach.
The tamarind is described at length by Hernindez.* For an illustration of
the leaves and fruit see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9: pl. 66.
Ceratonia siliqua L., the carob or St. John’s-bread (“ algarrobo”*), a native
of the Old World, is cultivated at Guaymas, Sonora, and probably elsewhere.
It has pinnate leaves with large oval leaflets, and large brown pods containing
a thick edible pulp.
3. POEPPIGIA Presi, Symb. Bot. 1:15. 1830.
1. Poeppigia procera Presl, Symb. Bot. 1:16. pl. 8. 1830.
Guerrero and Oaxaca. Cuba, Central America, and South America.
Nearly glabrous tree, 4 to 5 meters high, unarmed; leaves pinnate, the leaflets
numerous, linear-oblong, 1 to 2 cm. long, glabrate; flowers yellow, showy, panicu-
jJate; fruit flat and thin, narrowly winged on the upper suture, 4 to 9 cm. long,
1 to 1.5 em. wide; wood hard, the sapwood white, the heartwood reddish, beauti-
fully veined. “ Quiebra-hacha,” “ bicho” (Oaxaca) ; “ tengue,” “ abey hembra ”
(Cuba).
4. CERCIS L. Sp. Pl. 374. 1753.
1. Cercis canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 374. 1753.
Coahuila to San Luis Potosi. Eastern United States.
Large shrub or small tree, 3 te 12 meters high, the trunk sometimes 30 cm.
thick; bark smooth, light brown; leaves deciduous, reniform or ovate-orbicular,
5 to 9 ecm. wide, glabrous or pubescent beneath; flowers pink or purplish, clus-
tered, appearing before the leaves; fruit flat, thin, 6 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 1:5 em.
wide, bronze, somewhat glaucous; wood hard, close-grained, yellowish brown, its
specific gravity about 0.70. ‘“ Pata de vaca” (San Luis Potosi).
Palmer reports that in San Luis Potosi the flowers are fried and eaten, being
considered a great delicacy. The bark has mild but very active astringent prop-
erties, and has been recommended for the treatment of chronic diarrhoea and
dysentery.
C. reniformis Engelm. (C. tevensis Sarg.) has been reported from Mexico.
That species does not appear to be very clearly distinct from C. canadensis.
The Mexican material at hand seems to represent a single species, and agrees
better with C. canadensis than with the material that has been referred to C.
reniformis.
5. CYNOMETRA L. Sp. Pl. 382. 1753.
1. Cynometra oaxacana T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 180. 1915.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Cerro de Picacho, Oaxaca.
Unarmed tree, 8 to 10 meters high; leaves nearly sessile, bifoliolate, the
leaflets very oblique, 3 to 6.5 cm. long, obtuse, thick, lustrous, glabrous; flowers
1 Thesaurus 83-84, with figure. 1651. For other accounts see Popenoe in
Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3306-3307. f. 3768. 1917; Safford, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 9: 383. 1905; Cook, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 248. 1903.
2This is the tree to which the name “ algarrobo” is applied in Spain. The
Spaniards who came to Mexico in early days applied the name to various
similar, more or less closely related plants,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 413
small, white, in short racemes, long-pedicellate ; fruit ellipsoid, compressed, 2.5
to 3 cm. long.
6. HYMENAEA L. Sp. Pl. 1192. 1753.
Some of the species occurring along the East African coast furnish valuable
gums which are exported as “copal gum” for the manufacture of varnish. The
gum is exuded chiefly about the roots, and in some localities deposits of “fossil”
gum are found, where the trees themselves have disappeared. From 800,000 to
1,200,000 pounds of the gum are said to be exported annually from Zanzibar.
1. Hymenaea courbaril L. Sp. Pl. 1192. 1753.
Hymenaea candolleana H. B. Ix. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 323. pl. 566, 1823.
Tepiec to Chiapas, Veracruz, and Tabasco. Widely distributed in Central
America, the West Indies, and South America.
Unarmed tree, 5 to 25 meters high, or even larger, the trunk sometimes 2
meters in diameter, sometimes furnished with buttresses, the bark thin, whitish ;
leaves bifoliolate, persistent, the leaflets obliquely ovate, oblong, or oval, 5 to 10
em. long, obtuse to acuminate, thick and leathery, gland-dotted; flowers large,
whitish or purplish, corymbose-paniculate; fruit large, brown, rough, usually
2-seeded, indehiscent, the valves very thick and hard. ‘“‘ Cuapinol,” “ cuapinole,”’
“cuapinoli,” “ coapinol,” ** guapinol,” “ guapinole”’ (Tabasco, Oaxaca, Veracruz,
Jalisco, Central America, ete.; from the Nahuatl cua-pinolli, sometimes written
quauhpinoli) ; “nere” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); ‘copinol” (Guatemala, El
Salvador) ; ‘ algarrobo” (El Salvador, Cuba, Porto Rico, Panama, Venezuela) ;
“ quiebra-hacha,” “ curbaril”’ (Cuba) ; “ palito colcrado” (Guatemala, Hondu-
ras, Blake).
The name “ courbaril ’”’ is said to be employed in British Guiana and “ jatoba ”
in Brazil. The wood is very hard, tough, and heavy (the specific gravity re-
ported as 0.90 and 1.06), and is colored somewhat like mahogany; it is em-
ployed for general construction, Ship building, furniture, sugar mills, ete., and
is sometimes exported. The Indians of Brazil use both the trunks and the bark
for making canoes. The seeds are surrounded by a sweet pulp, which becomes
mealy when the fruit is ripe. This pulp is edible; it is mixed with water to
prepare a kind of “atole,’’ which is said to be very nutritious, and is some-
times fermented to produce an alcoholic beverage. A pale yellow or reddish
gum (‘‘resina de cuapinole,’” “goma animé de México,” “ambar del pais,”
“ambar de cuapinole,”’ “succino del pais,’ ‘‘succino criollo,”’ ‘“goma de la
tierra,” “incienso de la tierra,” “incienso de Petapa’’) exudes from the trunk,
and is found more abundantly on the roots. In Mexico this has been much
used for incense in churches, and is employed in making varnish for furniture,
patent leather, ete. It is sometimes collected in Mexico for export, and this
tree is supposed to be the source of the ‘‘ gum animé,” of which large quantities
are shipped from Brazil. This was formerly used in official medicine, espe-
cially in the preparation of ointments and plasters, but now it is employed only
in the manufacture of varnish and incense. The fruit contains large resin
pockets whose contents harden into gum. In the regions where the tree is
native the gum is sometimes smoked to relieve asthma and is employed locally
for rheumatism, eatarrh, ulcers, and venereal diseases. The decoction of the
bark is reputed to act as an arterial sedative and to have purgative vermifuge
and carminative properties.’ For an illustration of the fruit see Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 41.
7. BAUHINIA L. Sp. Pl. 374. 1755.
Trees or shrubs, often armed with spines, sometimes scandent, the stems
often compressed; leaves simple and palmately nerved, entire or bilobate,
*See Noriega, Bol. Dir. Estud. Biol. (Mexico) 2: 357-363. f. 1-3. 1918.
414 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
or sometimes bifoliolate; flowers racemose, usually large and showy, the
racemes often paniculate; fruit flat, indehiscent or bivalvate.
There are many species of the genus in the East Indies, some of which
are cultivated in tropical America because of their very showy flowers. Some
of the Old World representatives yield a gum which, however, is of little
importance, and the bark of certain species is used for tanning. Others
have bark which furnishes dyes or from which rope is made, some are said
to be employed as fish poisons, and some have edible flowers and seeds. Vermi-
fuge properties are ascribed to certain species, and others are employed as
remedies for liver affections.
The following names are reported for Mexican species whose identification is
uncertain: “Timbe” (Jalisco); “hierba de la vaca” (Durango); “ papalo-
cuahuite ” (San Luis Potosi).
Stamens 10, all or 5 of them perfect.
Plants armed with spines.
Lobes of the Jeavyes' acute: = 3.0222. oe ee 5 1. B. leptopetala.
WObeSeTOUNG CO == = 6. = ee ee a 2. B. longiflora.
Plants unarmed.
WenvessDifOlOlate = Hse. a ee 3. B. heterophylla.
Leaves simple.
rit Mev tiCsODlON Ss. = ee Se ee aN es 4. B. glabra.
Fruit linear.
Leaves 3.5 em. long or shorter, the lobes broadly rounded.
5. B. andrieuxii.
Leaves 4 to 11 em. long, the lobes acute or acutish__6. B. ungulata.
Stamens, except one or two, sterile and reduced to staminodia.
Leaves all or mostly bifoliolate.
Leaflets; 2-nerved.’ flowers solitary=—-— 2. ——.2- =. = 7. B. ramosissima.
Leaflets 3-nerved ; flowers racemose.
ueafiets Jess, than 2:5 em; Jong =. ee es 8. B. unguicularis.
Meahets 2.5 LO ocCM: 3 ONG ss al ee ee as ae 9. B. uniflora.
Leaves simple.
Petals 2, much shorter than the calyx lobes_____-___--_-_- 10. B. dipetala.
Petals 5, equaling or much longer than the calyx lobes.
neaves not bilohate ~~ ==." = ee et 11. B. jenningsii.
Leaves all or mostly bilobate.
Leaves lobed more than halfway to the base.
@ Leaves coriaceous, reticulate-veined, deeply cordate at base.
14. B. pes-caprae.
Leaves membranaceous, not reticulate-veined, shallowly or not at all
cordate at base.
Pedicels less than 5 mm. long, stout; pubescence of the petals ap-
TOTOSSC ise ees ee ee 15. B. lunarioides.
Pedicels 7 to 12 mm. long, slender; claws of the petals pilose with
spreading white hairs.
Leaves broader than long, about 8 cm. long___-__~_ 16. B. lunaria.
Leaves as long as broad or longer, 7 to 15.5 em. long.
17. B. pringlei.
Leaves lobed less than halfway to the base, or barely to the middle.
Petals nearly sessile, the claw very short__--------- 18. B. coulteri.
Petals borne on long slender claws.
Petals densely pilose or tomentose, at least on the claw and lower
part of blade.
“STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 415
Blades of the petals 2.5 mm. wide or narrower.
19. B. subrotundifolia.
Blades of the petals nearly 1 cm. wide.
Leaves 9-nerved, lobed halfway to the base, 5 em. wide or nar-
CNV Cr ni a ed a hn Se a 8 Se 12. B. macranthera.
Leaves 7-nerved, lobed less than halfway to the middle, 6 to
SIS 11 CN 200 (pee pe ae Ly ee OS ee Se ae 13. B. retifolia.
Petals glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves glabrous.
Leaves 5 to 10 em. long, all deeply bilobate.
20. B. unilateralis.
‘ Leaves 10 to 22 cm. long, shallowly bilobate, or some of them
Oftenmientines >.< on 21. B. pansamalana.
Leaves pubescent.
Leaves green beneath, almost concolorous, with numerous small
glands, the lobes usually acute or acuminate.
22. B. mexicana.
Leaves pale beneath, nearly or wholly without glands.
Pubescence of the lower surface of the leaves, between
the veins, of closely appressed hairs.
Leaves large, usually 5 to 8 cm. long, deeply lobed, the
lobes divaricate, usually pointed__23. B. divaracata.
Leaves small, 1.5 to 5.5 cm. long, shallow lobed, the lobes
not divaricate, rounded__________ 24. B. spathacea.
Pubescence of the lower surface of the leaves of soft spread-
ing hairs.
Petals spurplishttet: suvs_ 2070 25. B. schlechtendaliana.
Petals iw bite 22s iiss =o rivet ie pee eet ae 2 26. B. latifolia.
1. Bauhinia leptopetala DC. Prodr. 2: 513. 1825.
Described from Mexico. Known to the writer only from Mocifio and Sessé’s
plate.’
Leaves cordate at base, glabrous; flowers greenish, the petals linear, acute.
2. Bauhinia longifiora Rose, Contr. U. S, Nat. Herb. 10: 97. 1906.
Bauhinia chlorantha T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 200. 1905.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Imala, Sinaloa.
Spreading shrub or tree, 3 to 9 meters high, armed with short stout spines;
leaves 2.5 to 6 cm, wide, green, sparsely pubescent beneath; flowers large,
greenish; fruit 15 to 20 em. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, borne on a very long
slender stipe.
Perhaps not different from B. pauletia Pers. (Pauletia aculeata Cav.), a
species described from Panama.
3. Bauhinia heterophylla Kunth, Mimos. Pl. Légum. 46. 1919-24.
Yucatén. West Indies and northern South America; type from Venezuela.
Scandent shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high.
4. Bauhinia glabra Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 119. pl. 173, f. 3. 1768.
Yucatén; Colima; reported from Veracruz. Central America and northern
South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia.
Scandent shrub; leaves 5 to 7.5 em. long, long-petiolate, the lobes obtuse,
thinly brown-sericeous beneath; fruit 5 to 7 em. long, nearly 2 em. wide, 1
or 2-seeded, very thin, brown-sericeous.
The Mexican plant may be specifically distinct.
*DC. Calg. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 223.
416 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Bauhinia andrieuxii Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 48. 1880.
Oaxaca; type from the city of Oaxaca.
Shrub with reddish brown branches; leaves mostly 2 to 3 cm. wide, pubescent
beneath; flowers few.
6. Bauhinia ungulata L. Sp. Pl. 374. 17583.
Pauletia inermis Cav. Icon, Pl. 5: 6. pl. 409. 1799.
Bauhinia inernvis Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 455. 1805.
Bauhinia cavanillei Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 364. 1898.
Tepic to Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Central America.
Erect shrub or small tree, unarmed, the branches slender, reddish brown;
leaves 3 to 10 cm. wide, brown-pubescent and gland-dotted beneath; flowers
4 to 5 em. long, white or greenish; stamens white; fruit 15 to 20 cm. long,
about 1 cm. wide, minutely puberulent or glabrate. “Pato de venado” (Oaxaca,
Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “ calzoncillo” (Tabasco); “casco de venado” (Costa
Rica) ; “cocla”’ (Panama).
Leaves said to have sudorific properties.
7. Bauhinia ramosissima Benth.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 339. 1880.
Coahuila to Hidalgo; type from Zimapéin, Hidalgo.
Densely branched shrub; leaflets about 1.5 cm. long, rounded at apex, bright
green, glabrous; flowers 2.5 cm. long; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, short-stipitate.
8. Bauhinia unguicularis Benth.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 340, 1880.
Kknown only from the type locality, Zimapan, Hidalgo.
‘Densely branched shrub; leaflets rounded at apex, glabrate; petals 3 cm.
long.
9. Bauhinia uniflora 8. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 21: 451. 1886.
Coahuila and San Luis Potosi; type from Jimulco, Coahuila.
Large, densely branched shrub; leaflets oval or rounded, glabrate, thick;
flowers purplish, about 3 cm. long.
10. Bauhinia dipetala Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 48. 1880.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves 3.5 to 12 cm. long, puberu-
lent or glabrate beneath, the lobes rounded or obtuse; flowers purplish, tlie
stamens long-exserted; fruit about 15 cm. long and 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, long-
stipitate.
11. Bauhinia jenningsii P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Club 438: 463. 1916.
Yucatan. Isle of Pines, Cuba (type locality).
Leaves ovate-oblong or ovate, sometimes subhastate, 4.5 to 10 em. long,
acute or obtuse at apex, subcordate at base, pale beneath; flowers about 1.5
em. long; fruit 8 cm. long and 1.2 cm. wide.
-12. Bauhinia macranthera Benth.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 338.
1880.
Known only from the type locality, Zimapfin, Hidalgo.
Leaves pubescent beneath, the lobes rounded; flowers subsolitary, the petals
3 cm. long; fruit about 12 cm. long, glabrous.
13. Bauhinia retifolia Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Rascén, San Luis Potosi (Purpus 5268; U. S. Nat. Herb. no.
4638835).
Young branches stout, ferruginous-tomentulose, unarmed; petioles 1.5 to. 2.5
cm, long, sparsely tomentose at first but soon glabrate; leaf blades 5.5 to 9.5
ecm. long, 6 to 8 em. wide, openly cordate or subcordate at base, 7 or 9-nerved,
bilobate at the apex for about one-third the total length, the lobes deltoid, ob-
tuse or rounded at apex, coriaceous, bright green, concolorous, the venation very
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. ALT
prominent and closely reticulate on both surfaces, lustrous above, glabrous,
obscurely puberulent beneath along the nerves but elsewhere glabrous; flowers
racemose, the racemes axillary, short, dense, the pedicels short, stout, tomentu-
lose; calyx spathaceous, 2 to 2.4 cm. long, thinly puberulent; the teeth short,
subulate; petals 5, 3 to 4 cm. long, the blade oval, about 1.5 cm. long, thinly
racemose, the racemes axillary, short, dense, the pedicels short, stout, thinly
tomentose near the base but elsewhere glabrous, the claw slender, densely
tomentose; ovary long-stipitate, densely tomentose.
Related to B. macranthera Benth. The writer has seen no material of that
species, but according to the description it differs in having small, 9-nerved,
deeply bilobate leaves, and much shorter petioles.
14, Bauhinia pes-caprae Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 3. pl. 404. 1799.
Guerrero; type from Acapulco.
Small tree, 3.5 meters high or larger; leaves 3 to 8 cm. long, glabrous or
nearly so, very thick, the lobes rounded at apex; flowers about 3 cm. long, the
petals white-sericeous outside, pink within. ‘ Pié de cabra.”
15. Bauhinia lunarioides A. Gray; S. Wats. Bibl. Ind. N. Amer. Bot. 205. 1878.
Nuevo Leon and probably elsewhere.
Leaves 3.5 to 5.5 cm. long, more or less pubescent beneath, the lobes rounded
at apex; flowers about 3 em. long.
16. Bauhinia lunaria Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 4. pl. 407. 1799.
Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub, 1.8 to 2.5 meters high; petals purplish.
17. Bauhinia pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 147. 1890.
Jalisco to Guerrero; type from Guadalajara.
Slender shrub, 4.5 to 6 meters high; leaves 7.5 to 18 em. wide, thin, bright
green above, pale and glabrate beneath, the lobes rounded to acute; petals 3 cm.
long, white, with a purple stripe along the costa; fruit about 12 em. long and
1.3 cm. wide.
18. Bauhinia coulteri Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 59: 22. 1919.
Bauhinia platypetala Benth.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 339. 1880.
Not B. platypetala Burch, 1878.
San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo; type from Zimapan, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 30 to 60 cm. high, or perhaps larger; leaves 2 to 5 cm. wide, very
shallowly lobed, the lobes broadly rounded; flowers about 2.5 em. long; fruit
12 em. long or shorter, 1.5 cm. wide.
19. Bauhinia subrotundifolia Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 4. pl. 406. 1799.
Colima and Guerrero; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub or tree, 2.5 to 6 meters high; leaves 3 to 5 cm. wide, puberulent or
glabrate beneath, the lobes broadly rounded; flowers 1.5 cm. long, white; fruit
1.5 em. wide, short, puberulent.
20. Bauhinia unilateralis Britten, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 35: 233. 1897.
Veracruz. .
Leaves mostly 7-nerved, pale beneath; fruit about 15 em. long, 1.5 em. wide.
“Pata de cabra.”
21. Bauhinia pansamalana Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 13: 27. 1888. .
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Pansamala.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4 meters high; leaves 6 to 15 cm. wide, thin, bright
green, glabrous, 7-nerved, some of them often entire but most of them with 2
short attenuate lobes; flowers purplish; fruit often 30 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 cm.
wide.
418 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
22. Bauhinia mexicana Vog. Linnaea 13: 299. 1839.
Bauhinia confusa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb..10: 97. 1906.
Tamaulipas to Veracruz and Puebla; type from Papantla, Veracruz.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4.5 meters high, the trunk sometimes 12 cm. in diam-
eter, the bark gray, rough; leaves 3 to 6.5 cm. wide, puberulent or glabrate be-
neath; flowers 2 to 2.5 em. long, white, often tinged with pink; fruit 1.2 to 1.5
em. wide, straight or faleate. “ Pata-vaca,” “ pata de vaca” (Tamaulipas).
Plant used in Tamaulipas as a remedy for jaundice.
23. Bauhinia divaricata L. Sp. Pl. 374. 17538.
San Luis Potosi to Tabasco and Yucatan. Central America and West Indies.
Shrub or tree, 1.8 to 9 meters high; leaves 3 to 9 em. wide, subcordate at base,
the lobes usually divaricate, obtuse or acutish; flowers white, about 2 cm. long;
fruit 1 to 15 cm. wide. Pata de vaca” (Yucatan, San Luis Potosi); “tzu
luth” (Yucatin, Maya, Seler) ; “pata de res” (San Luis Potosi) ; ‘“ huamfchil ”
(San Luis Potosi, Seler) ; “ pato de chivo” (Santo Domingo).
Wood used by the Indians for making bows. The species ‘has been reported
from Mexico as B. porrecta Swartz.
24. Bauhinia spathacea DC. Prodr. 2: 512. 1825.
Oaxaca to Yucatan.
Shrub or small tree; leaves 2 to 5.5 em. wide; flowers white. ‘‘ Pata de vaca”
(Yucatan).
The material referred here by the writer may not be correctly identified, and
it is doubtful if it is specifically distinct from the preceding species. The plant
has been reported from Yucatén as B. porrecta Swartz.
25. Bauhinia schlechtendaliana Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 308. 1848.
Bauhinia goldmani Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 97. 1906.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Rio de las Vueltas, Oaxaca.
Tree, 6 to 8 meters high; leaves 4 to 5 cm. wide, the lobes obtuse or acute;
flowers 2.5 em. long; fruit about 12 cm. long and 1.2 em. wide.
Doubtfully distinct from the next species.
26. Bauhinia latifolia Cav. Icon. Pl. 5:4. pl. 405. 1799.
Bauhinia amblyophylla Harms, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 548. 1899.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Guatemala.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 6 meters high, the bark brownish gray, shallowly fissured ;
leaves 3.5 to 11 em. wide, pubescent beneath, the lobes acute to rounded; fruit 1
to 1.5 em. wide; wood nearly white. “Pata de venado” (Michoacan, Guerrero) ;
“nié de venado” (Oaxaca); “pata de cabra,” “pié de cabra,” “ guacimilla
cimarr6éna” (Sinaloa).
8. HAEMATOXYLUM L. Sp. Pl. 384. 1753.
Trees or shrubs, glabrous or nearly so, armed with stout spines; leaves
pinnate, the leaflets few, of medium size; flowers yellow, racemose, the racemes
axillary; fruit flat, thin, dehiscent along the sides.
DAsRGOTLOLO Mm. Long Ue 20 AAS Pees ae 1. H. campechianum.
eT SeCabOrs Til “LOnS nee eee! Sean ke eee ee eee 2. H. brasiletto.
1. Haematoxylum campechianum L. Sp. Pl. 384. 1753.
Tabasco, Campeche (type locality), and Yucatéin. West Indies.
Tree, sometimes 15 meters high, the trunk and branches gnarled, flattened
and irregularly fissured, covered with grayish or brownish, rough bark;
leaflets broad, somewhat wedge-shaped, 1 to 3 em. long, with numerous fine
parallel veins, emarginate at apex; flowers ill-scented; wood hard, with char-
acteristic odor, the sapwood yellowish, the heartwood reddish brown, becom-
ing deep red on exposure, the specific gravity about 1.003. Known in Mexico
as “palo de tinta,” “ tinto,” ‘“ palo de Campeche.”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 419
The wood (logwood) is a well-known article of export and has been ex-
ported from Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies in vast quantities.
Formerly its export was the chief industry of Yucataén and Tabasco, and it is
still shipped in considerable amounts, It is stated that when Grandmont
captured Campeche he burned more than a million logs stored there. The
wood is used principally for dyeing, its properties being dependent upon the
peculiar principle, haematoxylin or hematin, which it contains. Logwood is
one of the few natural dyewoods which has not been replaced satisfactorily
by synthetic dyes. Its properties were made known at an early date, and the
wood was soon an important article of export to Spain from Mexico and the
West Indies. Acosta relates that in 1587 130 quintals of it were shipped to
Spain from Santo Domingo. The tree seems to be native in Hispaniola, but it
was naturalized at an early date in Jamaica and the Bahamas, where it did
not grow naturally.
The heartwood is official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, being used in medicine as
a mild astringent, especially in diarrhoea and dysentery. The wood contains
about 10 per cent of tannin. The seeds are sometimes employed to flavor food.
2. Haematoxylum brasiletto Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 27. pl, 114. 1862-69.
Haematorylum boreale S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 426. 1886.
Chihuahua to Baja California, Oaxaca, and Morelos. Guatemala to Colombia
(type locality) ; Haiti.
Tree, similar in habit to the last species, rarely more than 7 meters high,
often only a shrub; bark dark brown; leaves persistent until the appearance
of the new ones, the young leaflets usually tinged with bronze; leaflets oblong-
oval to orbicular, often broadly cuneate, 0.5 to 2 cm. long, rounded or emargi-
nate at apex; fruit 2.5 to 5.5 cm. long, 0.8 to 1.5 cm. wide, very thin, sessile, often
red or purple. Known generally as “ brasil” or “* palo de brasil,” but the names
“palo de tinta” and “ palo de Campeche” are applied in the south; “ azulillo”
(Oaxaca) ; “ brasileto”’ (Colombia).
This species has often been confused with the preceding one, and in com-
merce no distinction is drawn between the two. The wood is equally valu-
able, and has been exported in large quantities from the west coast of Mexico.
It is used locally for dyeing various objects and is employed as a remedy
for jaundice and erysipelas. The plant is described by Hernindez’* in a
chapter entitled “De Curaqua, seu Brasilio Hispanorum.’ The accompany-
ing figure is a very poor one and may represent some other plant. He states
that the plant was called “curaqua” in Michoacéin, “quamochitl” or “ vitz-
quahuitl” by the Mexicans, and “brasil” by the Spaniards. ‘“ Its wood dyes
thread red, for it is much like sandalwood. The decoction of the juice is at
first yellow, but it turns red, and if it is boiled longer, purple, and if mixed
with alum, red or vermillion. This tree is refrigerant, febrifuge, astringent,
and corroborative.”
9. HOFFMANSEGGIA Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 63. 1797.
Herbs or small shrubs, usually with glandular foliage; leaves bipinnate, the
leaflets small; flowers yellow, racemose; fruit linear or oblong, flat, often
falcate. F
Several herbaceous species of this genus occur in Mexico.
Calyx without black glands; plants leafless or nearly so.
Stems and leaves puberulent or short-pilose___-________ 1. H. microphylla.
Stems -and-leaves. glabrous2= = ~==~=--—-— = ~~ 2. H. intricata.
Calyx with black sessile glands; plants usually copiously leafy.
*Thesaurus 121. 1651.
420 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaflets reticulate-veined, glabrous, numerous, with few glands.
3. H. caudata.
Leaflets with obsolete venation, pilose, few, densely black-glandular.
Pubescence of spreading or reflexed hairs____________ 4. H. melanosticta.
Pubescence of appressed or incurved hairs________________ 5. H. fruticosa.
1. Hoffmanseggia microphylla Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 58. 1859.
Sonora and Baja California, common in low sandy places. Southern Cali-
fornia ; type from the Colorado Desert.
Low, usually leafless shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, with green branches;
flowers 6 to 7 mm. long; fruit 1.5 em. long.
2. Hoffmanseggia intricata T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 151. 1889.
Hoffmanseggia glabra Fisher, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 147. 1892.
Baja California (type locality) and Sonora.
Shrub, nearly leafless, with rigid spinose branches, forming clumps 45 cm.
high; leaflets 1 to 2 mm. long.
3. Hoffmanseggia caudata A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 179. 1850.
Occurring in Texas at various places along the Rio Grande, and doubtless
also on the Mexican side; type collected between the Nueces and the Rio
Grande.
Plants low, suffrutescent; leaflets small, pale, coriaceous; racemes few-
flowered.
4. Hoffmanseggia melanosticta (Schauer) A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 54. 1852.
Pomaria melanosticta Schauer, Linnaea 20: 748. 1847.
Hoffmanseggia melanosticta greggit Fisher, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 149.
1892.
Coahuila to Querétaro. Western Texas (type locality).
Low shrub, densely pubescent, closely covered with viscid black glands;
leaflets oval, about 6 mm. long; flowers yellow, in long racemes.
5. Hoffmanseggia fruticosa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 451. 1886.
Known only from the type locality, Jimuleco, Coahuila.
Shrub, about 1.8 meters high.
10. CAESALPINTIA L. Sp. Pl. 380. 1753.
Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, usually unarmed but sometimes acule-
ate; leaves bipinnate, the leaflets large or small; flowers yellow or red, race-
mose, large and showy; fruit very variable, dehiscent or indehiscent.
Several species of Caesalpinia and Poinciana are described by Sessé and
Mociiio,? but the identification of most of them is doubtful. The following ver-
nacular names are reported for species of uncertain determination : “ Tzuraqua ”
(Michoacén, Ramirez) ; “ cahuinga” (Michoacfn) ; “ chalate” (Oaxaca).
Fruit covered with long prickles; rachises of the leaves very spiny.
Leaves with foliaceous stipules; seeds gray______________._____ 1. C. crista.
Leaves without stipules; seeds yellow-___-._--__--_____--__ 2. C. jayabo.
Fruit not prickly ; rachises of the leaves nearly always unarmed.
Fruit thick and hard or fleshy, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent, or in a few
species thin and dehiscent but some of the calyx lobes then pectinate-
dentate.
Leaflets linear-oblong, less than 2 mm. wide; fruit curved or coiled.
3. C. coriaria.
* Pl. Nov. Hisp. 65-67. 1887.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 421
Leaflets ovate-oblong to orbicular, 4 to 25 mm. wide or larger.
Calyx lobes entire or nearly so. Plants unarmed.
eahlets dil pay ZO mim sy wid exe eho 5 8 8 ee ate es 4. C. vesicaria.
mentets autos MMs wis — = =e ee 5. C. sclerocarpa.
Calyx lobes, at least the outer one, pectinate-dentate,
Plants armed with spines; fruit thick and somewhat fleshy, usually
TESS Ena lety GMa = 12 eo ee 4 es ee eh 6. C. cacalaco.
Plants unarmed; fruit thin, 1.5 to 4 em. wide.
Leaflets suborbicular, glabrous; fruit 1 or 2-seeded, 1.5 to 2.2 em.
i See See oe en ee eo ee 7. C. gracilis.
Leaflets ovate-cblong to oval, pubescent; fruit several-seeded, 2 to 4
COND WN GE 3 a a ff eS PA 8. C. platyloba.
Fruit thin, elastically bivalvate; calyx lobes entire.
Inflorescence densely ferruginous-tomentose with stellate hairs.
9. C. eriostachys.
Inflorescence not stellate-tomentose.
Leaves sessile ; pinnae one pair; plants armed with spines.
10. C. sessilifolia.
Leaves petiolate; pinnae more than one pair; plants usually unarmed.
Leaflets 6 to 10 pairs or more.
Pinnae 8 or 4 pairs; young branches pilosulous_________ Ll wG. 1sea.
Pinnae 5 to 11 pairs or more; branches glabrous__12. C, pulcherrima.
Leaflets usually 3 to 5, sometimes 6 pairs.
Pedicels furnished with sessile or stipitate glands.
Leaflets with black glands along the margins.
13. C. melanadenia.
Leaflets without black glands.
Pedicels and calyx glabrous but furnished with stipitate glands.
14, C. pannosa.
Pedicels and calyx pubescent as well as glandular.
Leaflets 2 to 4.5 mm. wide.
Leaflets oblong, about 2 mm. wide, usually 4 or 5 pairs.
15. C. placida.
Leaflets oval or orbicular, about 4 mm. wide, usually 3 pairs.
16. C. phyllanthoides.
Leaflets 5 to 25 mm. wide.
Pedicels very sparsely glandular; leaflets rhombic.
17. C. gaumeri.
Pedicels densely glandular; leaflets obovate, ovate, or oval.
Fruit very glandular; leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, 5 to 14 mm.
VAC RS Alte See of aeemeeh. Se re AUR MRE 18. C. caladenia.
Fruit not glandular; leaflets 2 pairs, 10 to 23 mm. wide.
19. C. acapulcensis.
Pedicels without glands.
Pedicels jointed below the middle_____________ 20. C. californica.
Pedicels jointed above the middle, often at the base of the calyx.
Leaflets small, 2 to 5 mm. wide. Calyx densely pubescent.
21. C. palmeri.
Leaflets large, most of them 6 to 20 mm. wide or larger.
Calyx tube 6 mm. wide or less; stamens about as long as the
Deb here eae: 2 oe LS Se ae 22. C. mexicana,
Calyx tube 8 to 11 mm. wide; stamens often long-exserted.
Stamens lonZ-exserted___ _--- —-- == = 23. C. exostemma.
Stamens about equaling the petals____24. C. yucatanensis.
422 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Caesalpinia crista L. Sp. Pl. 380. 17538.
Guilandina bonducella lL. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 545. 1762.
Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming, Asiat. Res. 11: 159. 1810.
Along beaches on both coasts of Mexico. Widely distributed on tropical
and subtropical coasts of both hemispheres.
Straggling or sprawling, armed with very numerous straight or recurved
prickles; leaflets ovate to orbicular, 1.5 to 4 cm, long, rounded or obtuse at
apex, pubescent when young, glabrate in age; flowers small, greenish yellow;
fruit 6 to 8 cm. long and nearly as broad, densely prickly; seeds usually 2,
gray, nearly 2 cm. in diameter. ‘‘Cojones de gato” (Yucatan); “ jabilla”
(Veracruz) ; “haba de San Antonio” (Veracruz, Dugés) ; “taray” (Veracruz,
Ramirez); “brasil” (Oaxaca); “ guacolote’’ (Nueva Farmacopea Mexicana) ;
“suacolote prieto,” ‘ brasilete colorado,” “ palo fernambuco,” (Cuba); “ mato
de playa,” “mato azul” (Porto Rico).
A characteristic strand plant, often forming impenetrable thickets of con-
siderable extent. The large seeds (known as “nicker-nuts”) are so hard
that it requires a heavy blow of a hammer to break them. They retain their
vitality for a long time, and are transported by ocean currents for great dis-
tances, having been carried occasionally from tropical America to European
shores. They contain about 23 per cent of oil, which has been extracted in
some regions. They are very bitter and contain a principle known as bondu-
cine, which is believed to possess tonic and antiperiodic properties. The seeds
have been used in domestic medicine (and even employed in Europe in times
past) as a substitute for quinine, and also as a remedy for dropsy, snake bites,
and venereal diseases. They are often carried by the natives of tropical
America as talismans or amulets, and are used by children as marbles.
It is presumably this species which has been reported from Mexico as 0.
echinata Lam., a Brazilian species, and said to be. known as “brasil” and
“hoitzquahuitl ” or “ huitzquahuitl.” The writer has seen no specimens of the
plant, which may be some other species. It is said to be exported as a dye-
wood. For an illustration of the seeds see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9: pl. 15.
2. Caesalpinia jayabo Maza, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 19: 234. 1880.
Reported from Veracruz by Urban,’ but the writer has seen no Mexican
specimens. West Indies and East Indies.
Prickly shrub, similar to the preceding but with large yellow seeds. Known
in Cuba as “ guacolote amarillo”’ and in Porto Rico as “mato amarillo.”
This is C. bondue of most authors, but scarcely Guilandina bonduc L., which
’ is synonymous with the preceding species.
3. Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 5382. 1799.
Poinciana coriaria Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 123. pl.|75. f. 36. 1763.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca. West Indies, Central America, and northern South
America.
Unarmed shrub or tree, 3 to 9 meters high, the trunk sometimes 40 ecm.
in diameter, the crown broad and spreading; bark rough, gray; leaflets nu-
merous, 4 to 8 mm. long, glabrate, dotted with black glands; flowers small,
white or yellowish, in short racemes; fruit short, 1.5 to 2 em. wide, dark
brown, lustrous, curved or coiled; sapwood light orange yellow, the heart-
wood dark, sometimes nearly black, very hard, heavy, tough, close-grained,
taking a fine polish. ‘ Cascalote” (Oaxaca, Michoacin, Guerrero, Chiapas,
Colima); ‘“nacaseolotl” (Altamirano); “nacascul” (Oaxaca, Guerrero) ;
“nacascol” (Nicaragua, Costa Rica); “nacasolo” (Nicaragua); ‘ nacasco-
*Symb. Antill. 2: 273. 1900.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 498
lote” (Guatemala) ; “agallo” (Panama) ; “dibidibi” or “dividivi’ (Cuba, Santo
Domingo, Colombia, Venezuela; also the commercial name); “ guatapén,”’
“guatapanare” (Venezuela) ; “ guatapandi’”’ (Cuba, Santo Domingo) ; “ guasta-
pana” (Santo Domingo) ; “libidibi’’ (Colombia).
The pods contain 25 to 30 per cent of tannin. They are used locally for tan-
ning and have been exported in large quantities from Mexico and other parts of
tropical America for that purpose. They have been employed in Mexico for
making ink and are said to have been so used by the early inhabitants. The
pods yield a black dye and the wood is said to give a red one. The tree was in-
troduced into India early in the nineteenth century and has been much planted
there. One tree is said to yield as much as 100 pounds of the pods. These have
been exported to England, under the name of “ divi-divi” or “ dibi-dibi,’ where
they brought $40 to $65 per ton. re ei
4. Caesalpinia vesicaria L. Sp. Pl. 381. 1753.
Yucatin. Cuba, Jamaica, and Curacao.
Shrub or small tree, 3.5 to 4.5 meters high, unarmed ; leaflets few, very broadly
cuneate, 1 to 3 cm. long, usually emarginate, thick, lustrous, glabrous; flowers
yellow ; fruit 6 to 7 em. long, about 1.5 em. wide, thick and hard. Known in Cuba
as “ guacamaya de costa,” ‘“‘ palo Campeche,” or “ palo negro.”
5. Caesalpinia sclerocarpa Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 214. 1919.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type collected between San Gerénimo and La Venta,
Oaxaca.
Unarmed tree, 10 to 14 meters high, with a trunk 50 to 60 cm. in diameter;
leaflets oblong or oval, 1 to 1.8 cm. long, glabrous; flowers yellow; fruit very
hard, blackish, indehiscent, 5 to 8 em. long, nearly 2 em. wide. “Ebano”
(Sinaloa).
The wood is valuable for carpenter work.
6. Caesalpinia cacalaco Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 173. pl. 137. 1809.
Sinaloa to Puebla and Oaxaca; type collected between Chilpancingo and
Zumpango, Guerrero.
Shrub or sometimes a large tree, often grown as a shade tree, usually very
spiny; bark gray, very rough; leaflets few, oval or suborbicular, 1 to 2.5 em.
long, glabrous or nearly so; flowers.large, in long racemes; fruit 10 to 15 em.
long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, red or reddish, somewhat succulent, somewhat con-
stricted between the seeds. ‘“‘ Huisache” (Sinaloa; sometimes written “ huiz-
ache’”’) ; “‘cascalote”’ (Michoacfin, Oaxaca, Guerrero) ; “ nacaseul’’ (Guerrero,
Oaxaca) ; “ chalalé ” (Oaxaca).
This tree is often confused in literature with C. coriaria, although the two
species are very unlike in most of their characters. The fruit of C. cacalaco
has the same properties as that of C. coriaria.
7. Caesalpinia gracilis Benth.; Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 9. 1878. Cents
Sonora.
Slender unarmed shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with reddish brown branches;
leaflets few, 1 to 1.5 em. long, glabrous; flowers few, yellow; fruit oval or
rounded, about 3 cm. long, pale reddish brown, glabrous, usually with 2 large
seeds. ‘‘ Vara prieta.”
The branches are sometimes used by the Indians for making baskets.
8. Caesalpinia platyloba S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 425. 1886.
Chibuahua to San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca, and Sinaloa; type from Hacienda
San Miguel, Chihuahua.
55268—22 17
424 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub or small tree, 1.8 to 6 meters high, unarmed; leaflets 2 to 5.5 em.
long, pubescent; flowers yellow, the largest sepal pectinate-lobed; fruit 6 to
13 em. long, flat, velvety-pubescent, thin but apparently indehiscent; seeds
large, flat, brownish. ‘Palo colorado” (Chihuahua, Sinaloa).
A similar or perhaps the same species occurs in Yucatin, where it is
known as ‘“chacte.”’ The writer has seen only flowering specimens, which
matched those of C. platyloba; the fruit, however, may be different. One of
the collections was determined by Greenman as C. cubensis Greenm., but that
name is probably synonymous with C. pectinata Cav. (Coulteria tinctoria H.
B. K.), a species in which the fruit is very different from that of C. platyloba. —
9. Caesalpinia eriostachys Benth.; Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 88. 1853.
Sinaloa to Guerrero. Central America; type from Costa Rica.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high, with an irregular trunk 20
em. in diameter; leaflets numerous, oval or rhombic, 4 to 11 mm. long, dotted
with black glands; flowers large, yellow, in long racemes; fruit 7 to 12 em.
long, 2 to 2.5 em. wide, puberulent, flat, dehiscent. “ Iguanero” (Michoacan,
Guerrero); “iguano” (Sinaloa); “palo alejo” (Colima, Oaxaca); “ zahino”
or “ zajino” (Costa Rica, Nicaragua).
It is reported that in Colima the crushed bark is thrown in water to stupefy
fish.
10. Caesalpinia sessilifolia S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 450. 1886.
Poinciana sessiliflora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 803. 1911.
Coahuila and Durango; type from Bolsén de Mapimi.
Spiny shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets suborbicular, 6 to 18 mm. long, pale,
glabrous; flowers few, yellow; fruit short and broad, glabrate.
11. Caesalpinia laxa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 60. 1840.
Type from Teojomulco, Oaxaca; reported also from Nuevo Leon.
Shrub, 0.9 to 1.2 meters high, nearly glabrous; leaflets 6 to 9 pairs, oval-
elliptic, 6 to 8 mm. long, glabrous.
12. Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz, Obs. Bot. 166. 1791.
Poinciana pulcherrima L. Sp. Pl. 380. 1753.
Cultivated nearly throughout Mexico and often escaped from cultivation.
Widely cultivated and naturalized in the tropics of both hemispheres, its native
habitat unknown.
Glabrous shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high, unarmed or prickly, the
trunk rarely more than 10 cm. in diameter; bark thin, nearly smooth, brown;
leaflets oblong to obovate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, pale beneath; flowers very large,
red, more or less variegated with yellow, or sometimes wholly yellow ; fruit flat,
about 10 em. long and 2 cm. wide; wood soft and weak, orange, fine-grained.
“Flor de San Francisco’ (Guerrero) ; “ tabachin,” “ tabachino,” or “ tabaquin ”
(Nuevo Leon, Guerrero, Durango, Sinaloa, Baja California) ; ‘“ tabachin ama-
rillo” (Jalisco); “flor de guacamaya” (Oaxaca, Chiapas); ‘“ chacsickin,”
“kansickin ” (yellow-flowered form) (Yucatén, Maya); “flor del camarén ”
(Veracruz, Guerrero) ; “ chamolxochitl ” (Nahuatl) ; ‘“ chaleastichil”’ (from the
Nahuatl chacal-xochitl, “ shrimp-flower ’’) ; “ sirundaniqua ” (Michoacan, Taras-
can, Ramirez); “xiloxéchitl” (Puebla, Nahuatl); ‘ maravilla morefia”
(Oaxaca) ; “tabachil” (Sinaloa) : “ guacamaya ” or “ guacamayo” (Nicaragua,
Guatemala, Colombia, El Salvador); “ clavellina’” (Colombia, El Salvador,
Costa Rica, Porto Rico); “hoja de sen” (Costa Rica); “flor barbona” (El
Salvador, Guatemala) ; “ flor de Angel,” “ florito,” “ flor de pavo” (Colombia) ;
“hierba del espanto,”’ ‘ espanta-lobos,” “ gallito,’ ‘“ Santa Rosa,” “flor de
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 425
chapa” (Guatemala); “cuacamaya” (Cuba); “ malinche,’* “ guacamaya_ pe-
quefa’”’ (Nicaragua); “barbén” (El Salvador); “caballero” (Philippines) ;
“earzazo”’ (Santo Domingo).
The English names are “ Barbados-flower,’ ‘“ Barbados-pride,”’ ‘ flower-
fence,” and “ bird-of-paradise flower.” The flowers are sweet-scented and are
said to yield a good quality of honey. The fruit contains tannin and is some-
times used for tanning skins. It is said to give a yellow dye with alum and
a black dye with iron salts, and the root is reported to yield a red dye. In
India the charred wood is used to make ink. The large seeds are sometimes
cooked and eaten when green. In Sinaloa it is reported that a kind of rubber
is extracted from the seeds and made into balls or “ pelotas.” In domestie
medicine the plant is employed in many ways. The leaves are sometimes used
to adulterate senna. The early inhabitants of Mexico used a decoction of the
leaves for liver affections and as a wash for ulcers of the mouth and throat.
The flowers are reputed to have purgative, febrifuge, and emmenagogue prop-
erties, and a decoction is a popular remedy for erysipelas and for inflammation
of the eyes. In Nicaragua the astringent infusion of the bark is used as a wash
for the teeth and gums. Infusions of the leaves, roots, or bark are employed
in various places for colds, fevers, cutaneous diseases, and as a purge, and are
said even to induce abortion. It is reported that in Guatemala the leaves .are
thrown in water to stupefy fish.
A related species, C. gilliesii (Hook.) Wall., known as “ bird-of-paradise
flower,” is sometimes cultivated in northern Mexico. It is distinguished by
the copious pubescence and very viscid inflorescence.
13. Caesalpinia melanadenia (Rose) Stand.
Poinciana melanadenia Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 13: 308. 1911.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacin, Puebla.
Low shrub with reddish brown branches; leaflets oval or obovate, about 5
mm. long.
14. Caesalpinia pannosa T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 150. 1889.
Poinciana pannosa Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat Herb. 18: 303. 1911.
Baja California; type from San Jorge.
Unarmed shrub, 0.6 to 1.2 meters high; bark white, peeling in thin sheets;
leafiets oval, 7 to 15 mm. long, glabrous; flowers pale yellow, in lax racemes;
fruit flat, about 4 cm.‘long and 1.5 cm. wide, bearing numerous small black
glands.
15. Caesalpinia placida T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 131. 1891.
Poinciana placida Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 13: 303. 1911.
Baja California; type from La Paz.
Unarmed shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high; bark dark brown; leaflets oblong, 4 to
6 mm. long, gland-dotted; inflorescence very glandular; flowers bright yellow,
the calyx and pedicels dark red.
16. Caesalpinia phyllanthoides Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Hacienda Buena Vista, Tamaulipas (Wooton, June 18, 1919; U.S.
Nat. Herb. no. 989730).
Low slender shrub with glabrous branchlets; leaves 5 to 9 cm. long, long-
petioled, glabrous; pinnae 3 or 4 “pairs, long-stalked; leaflets usually 3 pairs,
3 to 7 mm. long, 3 to 4.5 mm. wide, orbicular to oval, subcoriaceous, with rather
*Derived from the Nahuatl, malichtic, a plume, especially one worn on the head
(panache), referring to the long hairlike stamens. Malinche was also the name
given to Cortés, because of his association with the Indian woman Malintzin or
Marina, who during the Conquest acted as interpreter between the Mexicans and
Spaniards.
4296 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
prominent venation beneath, paler beneath, short-petiolulate, eglandular; ra-
cemes terminal, few-flowered; pedicels finely puberulent and furnished with
scattered short-stipitate glands; sepals about 7 mm. long, puberulent and
glandular, glandular-ciliate; petals only slightly exceeding the sepals; fruit
flat, elastically dehiscent, 2.5 cm. long, 1.3 cm. wide, glabrous but with a few
scattered dark glands.
17. Caesalpinia gaumeri Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 330. 1912.
Yucatin; type from Progreso.
Tree, 15 to 20 meters high, unarmed; leaflets 2 to 3 cm. long, glabrate;
flowers yellow, in long racemes. ‘“ Xcitinche.”
18. Caesalpinia caladenia Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 214. 1919.
Sonora to Colima; type collected below Minas Nuevas, Sonora.
Unarmed shrub; leaflets oval, 1 to 3 em. long, glabrous; flowers large, yellow ;
fruit flat, about 7 cm. long and 1.5 em. wide, straight or falcate, bearing numer-
ous small.reddish glands.
19. Caesalpinia acapulcensis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 215. 1919.
Known only from Acapulco, Guerrero, the type locality.
Unarmed shrub; leaflets 2.5 to 4 cm. long, rounded at apex, glabrous, pale
beneath; fruit 7 em. long, 1.7 cm. wide, puberulent.
20. Caesalpinia californica (A. Gray) Standl.
Caesalpinia mexicana californica A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 157. 1862.
Poinciana californica Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 303. 1911.
Baja California. ?
Unarmed shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets few, oval, 1 to 2 em. long, glab-
rous; flowers yellow; fruit about 4.5 cm. long and 1.3 em. wide, velvety-
puberulent.
Perhaps not essentially different from C. pannosa.
21. Caesalpinia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 47. 1889.
Poinciana palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 303. 1911.
Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets 4 to 15 mm. long, usually
glabrous but sometimes pubescent; calyx pubescent ; flowers yellow, in very
short racemes; fruit about 5.5 cm. long and 1.5 em. wide, velvety-puberulent,
tinged with purple.
22. Caesalpinia mexicana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 157. 1862.
Caesalpinia mexicana pubescens Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29:
386. 1894.
Poinciana mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 303. 1911.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas and Guerrero; type from Nuevo Leén.
Unarmed shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 6 meters high; leaflets oblong to
suborbicular, 1 to 2.5 em. long; flowers rather large, yellow, in very long
racemes; fruit flat, about 6 em. long and 1.5 cm. wide. ‘“ Retamilla” (Nuevo
Leon) ; “ tabachin del monte” (Tamaulipas).
A rather variable species; calyx usually glabrous but sometimes pubescent.
The form found on the Pacific Coast differs slightly from the more eastern one;
intermediate forms occur also. Here probably belong sterile specimens of a
Oaxaca tree known as “ ébano” and “ guayavillo.”
23. Caesalpinia exostemma DC. Prodr. 2: 483. 1825.
Poinciana conzattii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 303. 1911.
Oaxaca; also reported to range from Jalisco to Chiapas. Guatemala to
Nicaragua.
Small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high, unarmed; leaflets oblong to oval, 1 to 3
em. long, pubescent or glabrate; flowers large and showy, yellow; fruit 8 to
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 42.7
11 cm. long, 2 em. wide, velvety-puberulent. ‘‘ Hojasén,” “ hojasén del pais,”
“sen,” “sen del pais,” “ yagati,” ‘“ guete-régl”” (Oaxaca, Seler).
24. Caesalpinia yucatanensis Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 252. 1907.
Veracruz.and Yucatain; type from Izamal, Yucatan.
Shrub or tree; leaflets oblong to oval, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long; flowers yellow,
large and showy; fruit about 6.5 cm. long and 1.8 em. wide, velvety-pubescent.
“ Xkanpocolecum ” (Yucatan).
Doubtfully distinct from C. erostemma.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ROBINIA PYRAMIDATA Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Robinia no. 7. 1708. Type from
Campeche.
11. DELONIX Raf. FI. Tellur. 2: 92. 1836.
1. Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2:92. 1836.
Poinciana regia Boj.; Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 2884. 1829.
Widely cultivated in Mexico as a shade tree and sometimes growing without
cultivation. Native of Madagascar and tropical Africa, but planted commonly
in all tropical regions.
Large tree, usually 10 to 20 meters high, with wide-spreading crown, the trunk
sometimes a meter in diameter; bark thin, grayish brown, slightly furrowed ;
leaves bipinnate, deciduous, the leaflets numerous, oblong, 4 to 10 mm. long,
pubescent ; flowers racemose-corymbose, the petals 5 to 7 cm. long, orange-red
or scarlet; fruit dark brown, flattened, often 60 cm. long; wood whitish or yel-
lowish, close-grained but soft and weak, its specific gravity about 0.83. ‘“ Tabu-
chin” or ‘“tabachin” (Oaxaca, Sinaloa); ‘‘framboyin” or “ frambayano”
(Veracruz; a corruption of the French “ flamboyant”) ; “ espuela de caballero,”
“flor del camar6én ” (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “ Arbol del fuego” (various parts of Mex-
ico, Guam, Philippines); “pata leén” (Tamaulipas); ‘‘caballero” (Philip-
pines).
The English names are “ flame-tree,” “ royal poinciana,” and ‘“‘ peacock-flower.”
This is one of the most widely planted trees in the tropics, and when covered
with its huge bunches of brilliant flowers it is extremely showy. When leafless
the trees are rather unsightly, and their wood is so weak that they are often
broken by wind. For an illustration of the tree see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
8: pl. 54.
12. CONZATTIA Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 407. 1909.
Shrubs or small trees, unarmed; leaves bipinnate, with numerous small leaf-
lets; flowers showy, bright yellow, in long slender axillary racemes; fruit flat,
few-seeded, very acute at both ends, narrowly winged along the edges.
The genus was named in honor of Dr. C. Conzatti, of Oaxaca, a botanist well
known for his extensive collections and publications upon the Mexican flora.
Meafiets .clabrous on, the upper ‘surfaece=—_—— .--- —~—- == +--+ 1. C. multiflora.
meaners Sericeous, on the upper surface: 22-324 | > ee) 2. C. sericea.
1. Conzattia multiflora (Robinson) Standl.
Caesalpinia multifiora Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad, 27: 167. 1892.
Conzaitia arborea Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 408. 1909.
Michoacin to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Monte Leon Pass, Michoacan.
Large shrub or small tree, nearly glabrous, 3 to 8 meters high, with broad
spreading crown, the trunk 10 to 30 cm. in diameter ; leaves large, with numerous
small leaflets, these oblong, 1 to 1.8 em. long, obtuse; flowers showy, yellow, in
slender racemes; fruit 8 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, flat, very acute, with
3 or 4 seeds.
428 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Conzattia sericea Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Rio de Tamazula, Imala, Municipalidad de Culiacin, Sinaloa,
altitude 80 meters (J. G. Ortega 4169; U. S. Nat Herb. no. 1,081,254).
Tree, 10 to 15 meters high, the trunk 50 to 75 cm. in diameter, the young
branchlets at first puberulent but soon glabrate; leaves long-petiolate, the
pinnae few, the leaflets about 9 pairs, oblong, 10 to 12 mm. long, obtuse and
apiculate, sericeous on both surfaces, more densely so beneath; racemes 8 to
25 cm. long, glabrous, the pedicels 6 to 9 mm. long; sepals 5 mm. long, very
obtuse; petals bright yellow, 7mm. long. ‘ Navio.”
The pinnae and leaflets are less numerous than in C. multifiora.
13. PARKINSONIA L. Sp. Pl. 375. 1753.
Trees or shrubs, armed with spines; leaves pinnate, the leaflets numerous,
small; flowers showy, yellow, in axillary racemes; fruit linear, nearly terete,
constricted between the seeds.
Rachis of the leaves leng, flat, winged; leaflets 20 to 30 pairs____1. P. aculeata.
Rachis of the leaves short, not winged; leaflets 4 to 6 pairs_2. P. microphylla,
1, Parkinsonia aculeata L. Sp. Pl. 375. 1753.
Common nearly throughout Mexico; often planted. Widely distributed in
tropical America; western Texas.
Slender graceful shrub or tree, sometimes 12 meters high, the trunk 30 cm.
or less in diameter; branches yellowish green, the bark brown in age, smooth;
leaf rachis 20 to 40 cm. long, the leaflets 3 to 8 mm. long, pale green, deciduous,
leaving the persistent naked rachis; flowers pale yellow, fragrant; pods 5
to 10 em. long; wood hard, close-grained, light brown with yellowish sapwood,
the specific gravity about 0.61. ‘“ Retama” (Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, Sina-
loa, Texas, Costa Rica, Colombia); “retama de cerda’ (Tamaulipas) ;
“euacdporo” (Sonora, Tamaulipas, Guanajuato); “ juneo” (Guanajuato, San
Luis Potosi); ‘‘palo verde” (Oaxaca, Tamaulipas); ‘‘ mezquite extranjero ”
(Durango); “ guichi-belle”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); ‘acacia de agiiijote,”
“espino real de Espafia” (Nicaragua); ‘“calentano,”’ ‘“‘ yabo” (Colombia) *
“flor de rayo,” “palo de rayo” (Porto Rico); ‘ juneco marino,” “ espinillo ”
(Cuba) ; “espinillo de Espafia” (Venezuela) ; ‘ cambrén” (Santo Domingo).
The foliage and young branches are eaten by stock. The wood is used for
fuel, and has been employed for making paper. The infusion of the leaves is
employed locally as a febrifuge and sudorific, a remedy for epilepsy, and an
abortefacient.
2. Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. U. S. Rept. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 82. 1857.
Dry plains and hillsides, Sonora and Baja California. Southern California
(type locality) and Arizona.
Spiny shrub or tree, 1 to 7.5 meters high, the trunk 30 cm. or less in di-
ameter; bark smooth, yellowish green; leaflets 2 to 4 mm. long, pubescent;
flowers pale yellow; fruit 5 to 8 em. long; wood hard, close-grained, dark yel-
lowish brown with yellow sapwood, with a specific gravity of about 0.74.
“ Retama,”’ “lebén” (Baja California); “palo verde” (Sonora, California).
By the Pima Indians of Arizona the pods were eaten, either as gathered or
after having been ground in a mortar. The coarse meal thus obtained was
sometimes mixed with that of mesquite pods. The wood was used for making
small articles, such as ladles.
14. CERCIDIUM Tulasne, Arch. Mus. Paris 4: 133. 1844.
Trees or shrubs, armed with axillary spines; leaves bipinnate, the leaflets
few, small; flowers showy, yellow, few, in axillary racemes; fruit flat or
swollen, finally dehiscent.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 429
Pedicels glabrous or with few scattered appressed hairs________ 1. C. floridum.
Pedicels copiously pilose with very short spreading hairs.
Younger branches densely pilose with short whitish hairs.
2. C. peninsulare.
Younger branches glabrous or nearly so, sometimes finely puberulent.
Pods turgid when mature; seeds 5 to 7 mm. wide______ 3. C. torreyanum.
Pods very flat; seeds about 3.5 mm. wide_____-_____ 4. C. plurifoliolatum.
i. Cercidium floridum Benth.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 58. 1852.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas. Southwestern Texas.
Spiny tree with crooked branches, sometimes 6 meters high, the trunk up
to 25 em. thick; bark thin, green or greenish brown; leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, 4
to 6 mm. long; flowers golden yellow, about 2 em. broad, sweet-scented, in
short racemes; fruit 4 to 6 cm. long, brownish yellow; wood soft, close-grained,
greenish yellow, with a specific gravity of about 0.54. ‘‘Retama” (Tamaulipas) ;
“palo verde” (Texas).
The wood is of little use except for fuel.
2. Cercidium peninsulare Rose, Contr. 'U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 301. 1905.
Southern Baja California, common at low and middle elevations; type from
La Paz.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 7.5 meters high, closely resembling the next species
and doubtfully distinct from it; spines short and stout; leaflets 5 to 10 mm.
long, pubescent. ‘“ Palo verde,” ‘“ palo de pia.”
The young branches are sometimes cut and fed to horses and mules. For an
illustration of a tree see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 114.
3. Cercidium torreyanum (S. Wats.) Sarg. Gard. & For. 2: 388. 1889.
Parkinsonia torreyana S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 11: 135. 1876.
Sonora to Tepic. Southern Arizona (type from the Lower Colorado River)
and California.
Small tree, sometimes 9 meters high, with a trunk 50 cm. in diameter; bark
bright green; leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, 3 to 6 mm. long; fruit 8 to 10 cm. long,
about 1 cm. wide; wood soft, weak, close-grained, light brown, with yellow
sapwood, the specific gravity about 0.65. ‘‘ Palo verde” (Sonora, California,
Arizona). act:
The Indians of Arizona ground the fruit in a mortar and used it for food,
especially in the form of atole. The wood was employed for various purposes.
4. Cercidium plurifoliolatum Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Nat. Hist. Genéve
34: 269. pl. 18. 1903.
Cercidium goldmani Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 301. 1905.
Cercidium unijuga Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 301. 1905.
Michoacin to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from San Luis (Guerrero ?).
Tree, 4.5 to 12 meters high, the green branches armed with stout spines;
leaflets mostly 5 to 8 pairs, 5 to 8 mm. long, pubescent; fruit thin, 4 to 7 em.
long, 8 mm. wide. “Palo de berria,” ‘“‘ mantecoso,”’ “ palo mantecoso”’ (Oax-
aca).
67. FABACEAE. Bean Family.
Trees or shrubs, often scandent; leaves alternate, stipulate, usually com-
pound; flowers often large and showy, very irregular; fruit a legume, some-
times variously modified.
One of the largest and most important groups of Mexican plants. Many
herbaceous species occur also. Perhaps some species of genera not included
here, especially of Phaseolus, deserve to be classed as shrubs. Two species of
Ormocarpum have been reported from Mexico, but they are unknown to the
‘
430 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
writer. Copaifera, also, has been reported, but there is no reason to believe
that the genus belongs to the Mexican flora.
Coumarouna oleifera (Benth.) Taub.’ was described, or rather mentioned, as
the ‘ Eboe-tree of the Mosquito shore.” Hemsley gives the distribution as
“Mexico; Honduras,’ but it is very doubtful whether the plant occurs in
Mexico.
Stamens free.
Leaves’ digitatelky (3-foliolatess vs. te 244 eer oh III. Podalyrieae.
Leaves pinnate (rarely 1-foliolate).
Leaflets diter3s petal a: in Bo ee i ae I. Swartzieae.
Leaflets 5 or,amotes petals emih:.e— oe II. Sophoreae.
Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous.
Bruits breaking up, into.jJoints 422s. 22! ey Sst Adee! VI. Hedysareae.
Fruit continuous, not jointed.
eaves ‘digitately o-oliolate ss). 2) eee a eae IV. Genisteae.
Leaves pinnate or rarely simple.
Leaflets 3 (rarely 5) ; plants usually scandent; fruit bivalvate.
VIII. Phaseoleae.
Leaflets usually 7 or more, or the leaves simple; plants usually erect;
fruit often indehiscent.
Leaves even-pinnate.
Plants seand ent 2= 92 alee eee eA NS en VII. Vicieae.
Pl antSerec wre hee ar eee eee Pek OR Pee Se VI. Hedysareae.
Leaves odd-pinnate or simple.
Druin larce cmdeniscent= = s = See ares eee eee IX. Dalbergieae.
Fruit dehiscent, or very small and indehiscent__________ V. Galegeae.
Tribe I. Swartzieae.
FAMSINENE, CONUS? wie ee: tk Se Bue Rt See 1. TOUNATEA.
Tribe II. Sophoreae.
Petal eer ruiteshort,:Jovules #2ili ts -seult 2). 2)e8., beer aay 2. ATELEIA.
Petals 5.
CT a Se Raye aie Vary eee went Seow me Paer erie cara At 3. TOLUIFERA.
Ovules 2 or more.
Stamens) lons-exsertediiets of OG Ot OIGi pte ftir 4. SWEETIA.
Stamens not exserted.
Calyx short-dentate 2222 oes es ee 5. SOPHORA.
Calyx deeply ilobates att 3) 4 eS teed se th See ee RY 6. ORMOSIA.
Tribe III. Podalyrieae.
PAMSLH SICUOORTIS Sey cst ete 1 EL Ne ee ee 7. XYLOTHERMIA.
Tribe IV. Genisteae.
AMNINIPTe CONUS MORICOL. Seite 2 NR ee ee 8. CROTALARIA.
Tribe V. Galegeae.
Hairs of the pubescence usually attached by the middle; connective of the anther
SOPOT ATES, tt ae te eet er ee ean ee ee 9. INDIGOFERA. /
Hairs attached by the base; connective not appendaged.
Seed fit pranae 8a. achscces fe, oe teh pate ee 10. APOPLANESIA.
*Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 389. 1891. Dipteryx oleifera Benth. in Hook.
Journ. Bot. 2: 235. 1850.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 431
Seeds 2 or rarely more.
Corolla of a single petal________ AE SE eS a Mee 11. AMORPHA.
Corolla of 5 petals.
Sramens- diadelphous:———- -- 2222-2222. tat 12. EYSENHARDTIA.
NiMmMenswmonaGelpnous; sao. aes he ee ee es 13. PAROSELA.
Seeds several or numerous; leaves not gland-dotted.
Seeds with a small appendage (strophiole).
Stamnensemonndel phous 22 Seb Soe ee 14. HARPALYCE.
Stamens diadelphous Me S29 00 sw eae Phage is tvs 15. BRONGNIARTIA.
Seeds not appendaged.
Inflorescence terminal or leaf-opposed.
Style bearded-on the inner side__.________ _.§ +2 = 16. BARBIERIA.
Style glabrous or bearded only at apex__________-______ 17. CRACCA.
Inflorescence axillary.
Fruit with 1 or 4 wings (the wings sometimes very narrow).
Fruit winged on the upper edge; plants usually spiny.
18. ROBINTA.
Fruit with 4 longitudinal wings; plants unarmed.
19. DAUBENTONIA.
Fruit not winged.
Fruit with inner cross-partitions.
piyle clabrows wae ee ee) tet ge 20. SESBAN.
OMe AOC a8 et hy it ee _____21. BENTHAMANTHA.
Fruit 1-celled.
Fruit much inflated, bladder-like_________________ 22. DIPHYSA.
Fruit not inflated.
Style coiled. Plants glabrous or nearly so_______28. LENNEA.
Style straight or slightly curved.
Style bearded.
Plants. usually) unarmed 2) 4)es ot bee 24. COURSETIA.
PlAnESHVELVM SO yes ee gees har ee 25. OLNEYA.
Style glabrous or nearly so.
Stamens diadelphous 92 oe) ee 26. GLIRICIDIA.
Stamens monadelphous.
Leaves estipellate ___._______________-27. WILLARDIA.,
Leaves stipellate __.-.________ 28. HESPEROTHAMNUS.
Tribe VI. Hedysareae.
LAB SUEES, TE AGN 5 Sp a a re Sr NO eg Re isa tee Rae 29. MEIBOMTA.
Leaflets 4 or more, often numerous.
Terminal joint of the fruit samara-like, with a large terminal wing. Plants
Sy SLES G CEN eye 2 Reet be a El A AW ECR NED 30. NISSOLIA.
Terminal joint not winged.
Leaflets 4 or 6, emarginate at apex. Flowers large, yellow__381. AMICIA.
Leaflets 8 to many, rarely if ever emarginate.
Leaflets pungent-pointed, minute_________________-_____ 32. PICTETIA.
Leaflets never pungent.
GUM Ole Cae Ce ee ee SS, UALR OCH YNO MEE NEE.
HMrnit not jointed: .—. =... = . tid capt hie ec bet Fo yl _84. CLIMACORACHIS.
Tribe VII. Vicieae.
PECTIC LOMO Sees ae ieee er es en ee Se EO OK PAU ROE
432 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Tribe VIII. Phaseoleae.
Style bearded.
Calyx teethusubequall: 242-25. .4 ee ee ee 36. RAMIREZELLA.
Calyx teeth Wernyiunegual.._._.._. __- ~<a 37. CLITORIA.
Style glabrous.
Vexillar stamen free at the base but united above with the other stamens.
Lower calyx lobe well developed_--_-__-~~-------__--+-_~ 38. DIOCLEA.
Lawerscalyx..dobe minute. 22)... eet 39. CANAVALIA.
Vexillar stamen free, or united with the others at the base.
Plants erect.
Ovules 1 or 2. Flowers usually yellow. °
Seedsitransverse.....—. +... _ ethie seen! sufi ge hehe 40. ERIOSEMA.
Seeds. longitudinal —_- avy $e heess Delpy pe 5 peg 41. DOLICHOLUS.
Ovules usually numerous, at least more than 2.
Plants usually armed with spines; calyx very oblique, truncate, bi-
lobate, or with very short teeth______________ 42. ERYTHRINA.
Plants unarmed; calyx deeply lobate or dentate.
Upper calyx lobe entire; leaflets not gland-dotted.
43. GALACTIA.
Upper calyx lobe bidentate; leaflets gland-dotted beneath.
44. CAJANUS.
Plants scandent or trailing.
De <0 5 ie): a ee eee eee Ss 40. DOLICHOLUS.
Ovules numerous.
Calyx bilobate, the lobes entire; fruit usually hispid with bristle-like
TUES ee ee Se Pe eee ae oe 45. MUCUNA.
Calyx 4 or 5-lobate; fruit not hispid.
Upper 2 calyx lobes united into an entire lobe_----- 438. GALACTIA.
Upper 2 calyx lobes distinct or forming a, bidentate lobe.
Bracts and bractlets striate, persistent___-__ 46. BRADBURYA.
Bracts and bractlets not striate, caducous.
47. CALOPOGONIUM.
Tribe IX. Dalbergieae.
Hrvitaorimiceoussel-secded 2 ee 48. ANDIRA.
Fruit not drupaceous, usually with more than 1 seed.
Anther cells erect and dehiscent by a short terminal slit or divergent and
dehiscent by longitudinaltslitsx:4__.1% ste e__* _ 49. AMERIMNON.
Anther cells parallel, longitudinally dehiscent.
Leaflets alternate.
Calyx acute at base; fruit suborbicular or broadly oblong.
50. PTEROCARPUS.
Calyx obtuse at base; fruit circinate or samara-like.
Prof icircinate,. not, winged. = eae 51. DREPANOCARPUS.
runic winged: samara-like=> ..- =. 25s ers 52. MACHAERIUM.
Leaflets opposite (rarely only 1).
Wing petals free from the keel. Ovule 1; fruit thin.
53. PLATYMISCIUM.
Wing petals adherent to the keel. ;
Fruit with 4 longitudinal wings____________ 54. ICHTHYOMETHIA.
Fruit not winged.
Peuit compressed ass Sa see he 55. LONCHOCARPUS.
Fruit .torulose; not Compressed. -=— ee 56. MUELLERA.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 433
1. TOUNATEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 549. 1775.
Unarmed trees; leaves unifoliolate or 3 or 5-foliolate; flowers large, ra-
cemose; fruit coriaceous or fleshy, dehiscent or indehiscent.
ees UNE OO Cope ic = eS Se i eg 1. T. simplex.
MTV OS est OPO t OULOLA TC = 5 ye ee Nog ey 2. T. myrtifolia.
1. Tounatea simplex (Swartz) Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 391. 1891.
Possira simplex Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 82. 1788.
Rittera grandiflora Vahl, Eclog. Amer, 2: 37. pl. 9. 1798.
Swartzia grandiflora Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 1220. 1800.
Swartzia simplex Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 567. 1825.
Tepic to Oaxaca. Central America, West Indies, and northern South
America.
Glabrous tree, 3.5 to 5 meters high, resembling an orange tree; leaves oval
or elliptic, 6 to 20 cm. long, acuminate; thick, lustrous; flowers large (the
petal 3.5 cm. long), yellow; fruit 2.5 to 4.5 cm. long, rounded, long-stalked, with
thick valves, containing one or two seeds. ‘“ Naranjillo” (Michoacan, Guer-
rero) ; “naranjito” (Oaxaca).
2. Tounatea myrtifolia (J. E. Smith) Taub. Bot. Centralbl. 47: 392. 1891.
Swartzia myrtifolia J. E. Smith in Rees, Cycl. 341. 1820.
Reported by Hemsley from Tabasco. Guatemala to Panama and northern
South America; type from Venezuela.
2. ATELEIA Moc. & Sessé; DC. Mém. Légum. 394. pl. 57. 1825.
REFERENCE: Standley, The Mexican species of Ateleia, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
20: 173-175. 1919. .
Unarmed shrubs or trees; leaves pinnate, the leaflets large; flowers of medium
size, white, racemose; fruit flat, stipitate, short and broad, indehiscent, more or
less winged along the upper suture.
Wing of the fruit obsolete or nearly so; leaflets 1 to 1.6 em. wide__1. A. arsenii.
Wing of the fruit well developed; leaflets 2.5 to 5.5 em. wide.
Heeds Semin lone: 41 fiseiin! ark eae? wit Jerpieaty 3) aire 2. A. insularis.
SNERES By LTP LCGy 1 a a ae os ee ee ee 3. A. pterocarpa.
1. Ateleia arsenii Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 174. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Pico de Quinceo, near Morelia, Michoacan,
altitude 2,800 meters.
Shrub; leaflets about 17, oblong, 2 to 5 cm. long, obtuse, puberulent beneath ;
petals about 1.3 em. long; fruit 2.7 em. long, 1.6 cm. wide.
2. Ateleia insularis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 175. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Maria Madre Island, Tepic.
Leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate, 4.5 to T em. long, obtuse, glabrate in age; fruit
3 cm. long and 2 cm. wide.
3. Ateleia pterocarpa DC. Prodr. 2: 419. 1825.
‘Pterocarpus ateleia Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 2: 419, 1825, as synonym.
Tepic; type from some unknown locality in Mexico.
Tree, about 6 meters high; leaflets oval or suborbicular, 3.5 to 8 em. long,
puberulent beneath, the venation finely reticulate; fruit 2 cm. long, 1.3 em. wide.
3. TOLUIFERA L. Sp. Pl. 384. 1753.
1. Toluifera pereirae (Klotzsch) Baill. Hist. Pl. 2: 383. 1870.
Myrozrylon pereirae Klotzsch, Bonplandia 1857: 274. 1857.
Veracruz and Oaxaca to Yucatin and Chiapas; reported from Michoacan.
Central America and northern South America.
434 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Unarmed tree, sometimes 17 meters high, with gray bark; leaves pinnate, the
leaflets 7 to 11, ovate or oval, 3 to 7.5 em. long, obtuse to acuminate, lustrous,
coriaceous at maturity, with numerous translucent dots and lines; flowers whit-
ish, racemose; fruit about 7 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, indehiscent, the apex
thick and 1-seeded, the basal portion long and broadly winged. “ Naba”
(Yucatin, Tabasco, Maya) ; “‘chucte” (Veracruz) ; “ balsamo,’” “ arbol de b4l-
samo,” ‘‘ palo de balsamo” (Veracruz, Chiapas, Guatemala, etc.) ; “ bilsamo de
Pert,’ ‘“‘semillas del obispo,” ‘‘cedro chino” (Oaxaca); “ yaga-guienite”’
(Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; ‘ hoitziloxitl” (Nahuatl) ; “balsamo negro”; “ bal-
samo de San Salvador.”
This tree furnishes the balsam of Peru or “ balsamum Peruvianum ” of com-
merece. The commercial article comes chiefly, if not wholly, from El Salvador.
The balsam, which is obtained from the trunk of the tree, is a viscid, dark red-
dish brown, fragrant liquid, with a warm, somewhat bitter taste; it burns
readily. It is an official drug of the United States Pharmacopoeia, having
stomachic and expectorant properties. It has been employed for chronic ¢ca-
tarrh, asthma, phthisis, etc., and for rheumatism and venereal diseases, but at
the present time it is little employed by American physicians. The balsam is
much used in Europe in the manufacture of perfumery.
In the collection of the balsam, the first step is the beating of a band around
the trunk of the tree until the bark is thoroughly crushed, then cuts are made
in the bark and fire is applied to the openings, whereupon the sap takes fire, but
this is soon extinguished. The tree is then left for 15 days until the balsam
begins to run, when it is collected on pieces of cotton thrust into the incisions.
The juice is squeezed from these into jars of boiling water, upon which the bal-
sam floats. The trees will produce one to two kilograms per week, but they are
tapped only in the spring before the rainy season. The balsam is at first amber-
colored but soon turns brown. It is obtained also from the fruit, this kind being
of better quality and known as “ balsamo blanco.” By a papal bull issued by
Pius IV in 1562, and by another by Pius V in 1571, the clergy were authorized to
use the “ bilsamo negro” in the preparation of the chrism, and it was declared
a sacrilege to injure or destroy the trees. The balsam is still widely used for
this purpose.
The tree was well known to the early inhabitants of Mexico, by whom it was
much used in medicine. It was one of the trees cultivated in the royal garden
of Mexico, having been brought from the tierra caliente. Jars of the balsam
were a regular article of tribute to the emperor. The balsam attracted the
attention of the early Spanish explorers and was forwarded by them to Europe.
Here the most extravagant properties were ascribed to it, and it sold at prices
ranging from twenty to two hundred dollars an ounce. In early days much of
the balsam is said to have reached Spain by way of Peruvian ports; hence the
derivation of the misleading name of ‘‘ balsam of Peru.” An infusion of the
fruit in alcoholic liquors is employed locally as a stimulant, diuretic, and anthel-
mintic, and as a lotion to remove freckles.
The tree is described and figured by Hernindez’* in a chapter entitled “ De
Hoitziloxitl, seu Arbore Balsami Indici.” He states that the Panucans called
the tree “ chucte.” An inferior kind of balsam, he states, was obtained by boiling
the twigs in water.
4. SWEETIA Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 171. 1825.
1. Sweetia panamensis Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 8: 263. 1865.
Michoacin and Guerrero. Costa Rica and Panama (type locality).
+ Thesaurus 51. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. ‘ 435
Tree, 8 to 12 meters high, unarmed; leaves pinnate, the leaflets ovate, 5 to 7.5
em. long, coriaceous, obtuse or acutish, bright green and lustrous above; flowers
white, 6 mm. long, racemose-paniculate; fruit flat, oblong or elliptic, 5.5 to 9
em. long, 2 em. wide, thin, with one or two seeds. “ Huesillo” (Michoacin,
Guerrero).
5. SOPHORA L. Sp. Pl. 373. 1753.
Trees or shrubs, unarmed; leaves pinnate, the leaflets large, thick; flowers
racemose; fruit linear, terete or slightly compressed, constricted between the
seeds, indehiscent or tardily dehiscent.
One herbaceous species, S. sericea Nutt., occurs in northern Mexico.
eanet sale toll emilonge! ssoh amie wl} eerie Bit want cei Bs 1. S. purpusi.
Leaflets 2 to 5 cm. long or longer.
Leaflets not reticulate-veined; racemes usually 20 cm. long or longer.
2. S. tomentosa.
Leaflets conspicuously reticulate-veined; racemes usually less than 10 em.
long.
Calyx conspicuously dentate; leaflets mostly oblong or elliptic-oblong, se-
riceous beneath, at least when young______________ 3. S. secundiflora.
Calyx subtruncate; leaflets oval or broadly oval, glabrous__4. S. conzattii.
1. Sophora purpusi T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 235, 1906.
Coahuila and Zacatecas; type from Sierra de Parras, Coahuila.
Shrub; leaflets about 17, oval or oblong, coriaceous, green and glabrate on
the upper surface, sericeous beneath; racemes few-flowered, the flowers white,
tinged or dotted with purple; fruit white-sericeous, 2 or 3-seeded.
2. Sophora tomentosa L. Sp. Pl. 373. 1753.
Known in Mexico only from Clarion Island, Baja California. -Widely dis-
_ tributed on seashores in the tropics of both hemispheres.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, leaves deciduous, the leaflets 15 to 21, oblong to
orbicular, 2 to 4 cm. long, sericeous beneath, at least when young; flowers
yellowish white, 2.5 cm. long; pods long and slender, strongly constricted
between the seeds; seeds brown. ‘“ Tambalisa” (Cuba).
The plant is reputed to have diuretic, sudorific, and purgative properties,
and is used in the West Indies as a remedy for venereal diseases. The seeds
are commonly believed to be poisonous, and they, like other parts of the plant,
contain a poisonous alkaloid. It is said, however, that in Madagascar the pods
are fed to cattle.
8. Sophora secundiflora (Ortega) Lag.; DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 148. 1813.
Broussonetia secundiflora Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 61. pl. 7. 1798.
Virgilia secundiflora Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: pl. 401. 1799.
Coahuila to San Luis Potosi. Western Texas and southern New Mexico.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 12 meters high, with a trunk 20 cm. in
diameter; leaves evergreen, the leaflets 7 to 11, 2.5 to 6 cm. long, lustrous on
the upper surface, beneath sericeous, at least when young; flowers 2 to 3 cm.
long, violet-blue, very fragrant; fruit hard and woody, sometimes 20 cm. long;
seeds large, bright red; wood hard, close-grained, orange-red, with yellow
sapwood, its specific gravity about 0.98. ‘“ Frijolillo” (Nuevo Leén, Texas) ;
“colorin”’ (Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, Texas) ; “ frijolito” (Texas).
The seeds contain a bitter poisonous alkaloid, sophorine, and one seed is
said to be sufficient to cause death in a human being. The Indians of Texas
and adjacent Mexico used small quantities of the powdered seeds to produce
a sort of intoxication. Taken thus the seeds produce general excitement, de-
lirium, and finally deep sleep lasting two or three days. Children have been
poisoned fatally by eating the seeds. The wood is said to yield a yellow dye.
436 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Sophora conzattii Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Cerro Espino, Distrito de Pochutla, Oaxaca, altitude 1,200 meters
(Conzatii, Reko & Makrivius 3171; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 763856).
Tree, the young branchlets puberulent; leaves persistent, the rachis 9.5 to 13
em. long, puberulent at first but soon glabrate, the petiolules 2 mm. long; leaflets
7 or 9, oval or elliptic-oval, 3.5 to 5.5 cm. long, 2.2 to 3.5 em. wide, rounded at
base, rounded or very obtuse at apex, coriaceous, bright green, lustrous, glab-
rous, the venation prominent and reticulate on both surfaces; racemes about
5.5 em. long, few-flowered, the rachis and pedicels minutely sericeous, the pedi-
cels 6 to 8 mm, long; the flowers violet; calyx 6 mm. long and 8 mm. broad,
minutely sericeous, the limb oblique, truncate or subundulate; petals glabrous,
the standard 2.8 cm. long its claw 4 to 5 mm. long, the blades of the other petals
about 18 mm. long; stamens glabrous; ovary densely sericeous. ‘“ Frijolillo.”’
6. ORMOSIA Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 10: 360. 1825.
1. Ormosia mexicana Standl., sp. noy.
Type from Zacuapan, Veracruz (Purpuws 6826; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. no. 566950).
Leaves large, brown-tomentcse, finally glabrate, the petiolules stout, 7 mm.
long; leaflets 18, oblong, oblanceolate-oblong, or ovate, 8 to 17 cm. long, 4.5 to
5.5 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at the more or less unequal base, obtuse or
acutish at apex, thin, green and glabrate on the upper surface, minutely pilose
beneath with yellow hairs; racemes 10 to 17 cm. long, paniculate, the branches
densely brown-tomentulose, the bracts and bractlets linear or lanceolate, 7 mm.
long or shorter, subpersistent; calyx 1 cm. long, brown-tomentulose, the lobes
about as long as the tube, lance-oblong, acute or acuminate; petals tomentuilose
outside, the standard short-clawed, 13 mm. long, 10 mm. wide; ovary densely
brown-pilose, 3 or 4-ovulate.
No species of this genus has been reported previously from Mexico, and only
two are recorded from Central America, both from Panama. O. mezicana is
clearly district from the Panaman species. It resembles somewhat Dussia
martinicensis Krug & Urban, of the Lesser Antilles, but the leaflets are so differ-
ent that it may scarcely be referred to that species. The flowers, too, are smaller
than in the Martinique plant.
7. XYLOTHERMIA Greene, Pittonia 2: 188. 1891.
1. Xylothermia montana (Nutt.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 188. 1891.
Pickeringia montana Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 389. 1840.
Xylothermia montana tomentosa Abrams, Bull. Torrey Club 34: 263. 1907.
California, the type from Santa Barbara; probably extending to northern
Baja California.
Erect shrub with spinose branches; leaves sessile, digitately trifoliolate or
unifoliolate, the leafiets elliptic or obovate, 1 to 2 em. long; fiowers reddish
purple, nearly 2 em. long, in short racemes; fruit linear, flat.
8. CROTALARIA L. Sp. Pl. 714. 1753.
Low erect shrubs, unarmed; leaves digitately trifoliolate or sometimes sim-
ple; flowers usually yellow, racemose; fruit short, inflated, bivalvate.
A number of herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Those listed here are more
properly herbs than shrubs, but they are frequently suffrutescent. The seeds
rattle about in the inflated fruit, giving the effect of a rattlebox, hence the
generic name. The plants of the genus are of little economic importance,
although some are of value for forage. Some species are cultivated in India
for their fiber, which is of good quality.
PUES Bk BALAN TN 88a a gg 1. C. schiedeana.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 437
Leaves trifoliolate.
Leaflets densely pilose-sericeous on the upper surface.
Corolla copiously’ Puose 2920 ORO) BSR tS CW LM othe 2. C. gloriosa.
Corolla’ glabronshhs 2h ee Sel yey ot ON elemayrae 4 3. C. mollicula.
Leaflets glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface.
Pubescence of the fruit spreading.
Keel- of the corolla about 8 mm. long-_-—~ 24-3 4. C. setifera.
Keel 12° to 157 min manga Besta Deeg siete Oa EA 5. C. eriocarpa.
Pubescence of the fruit closely appressed.
Keel of the corolla with a long slender beak________ 6. C. longirostrata.
Keel with a short stout beak.
Racemes mostly borne opposite the leaves_____________ 7. C. vitellina.
Racemes mostly terminal.
Leaflets lanceolate to linear-oblong_____________ 8. C. maypurensis.
Leaflets mostly ovate or elliptic_______________ 9. C. anargyroides.
1. Crotalaria schiedeana Steud. Nom. Bot. 1: 445. 1840.
Crotalaria bracteata Cham. Linnaea 5: 575. 1880. Not C. bracteata Roxb.
1814.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Low shrub or, as in most of the other species of the genus, chiefly or wholly
herbaceous; leaves linear-oblong. 5 to 7 em. long, subsessile, obtuse, sericeous ;
flowers 2 cm. long; fruit about 3 em. long.
2. Crotalaria gloriosa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 273. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, mountains near Iguala, Guerrero.
Shrub, about 2 meters high, densely pilose; leaflets 4 to 6 cm. long, acute;
corolla 1.5 cm. long; fruit densely sericeous.
3. Crotalaria mollicula H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 403. 1828.
Type from the vicinity of Guanajuato; reported also from Oaxaca.
Leaflets lanceolate, obtuse, 1.5 to 2 em. long.
4. Crotalaria setifera DC. Prodr. 2: 131. 1825.
Jalisco to San Luis Potosi, Morelos, and Oaxaca.
Slender shrub, often a meter high; leaflets linear-oblong to elliptic, 1.5 to 4.5
cm. long, acute or obtuse; flowers 1.5 em. long; fruit 1.5 to 2 em. long.
5. Crotalaria eriocarpa Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 80. 1844.
Crotalaria viminalis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 47. pl. 6. 1903.
Sinaloa to Morelos; type from Mazatlan, Sinaloa.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high, sometimes with long pendent branches; leafiets
mostly elliptic, 2 to 5 cm. long, acute or obtuse; flowers yellow, 2.5 cm, long, in
long racemes; fruit 2 to 3 cm. long. ‘“ Tronador,” ‘“ cascabelito”’ (Sinaloa).
6. Crotalaria longirostrata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 285. 1836-39.
Jalisco (type locality) and Tepic to Chiapas. Guatemala and Nicaragua.
Slender shrub, about a meter high; leaflets oblong to elliptic-oval, 1 to 4.5 cm.
long, obtuse or rounded at apex; flowers yellow, 1.5 to 2 em. long. “ Chapilin”’
or “chipilin’”’ (Guatemala).
The young branches are used in Guatemala as a pot herb.
7. Crotalaria vitellina Ker, Bot. Reg. 6: pl. 447. 1820.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Central America and
South America; type from Brazil.
Slender shrub, about a meter high; leaflets lanceolate to elliptic-oval, 2 to 8
em. long, acute or obtuse; flowers 2 cm. long, yellow; fruit 2 to 3.5 cm. long.
“Chipilin cimarrén” (Tabasco) ; “tronador” (Sinaloa) ; “ cohetillo” (El Sal-
4388 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
vador) ; “chipilin” (Guatemala); ‘ quiebra-plato,” ‘‘ufia del diablo” (Costa
Rica).
Said to be of some importance as a forage plant in Brazil.
8. Crotalaria maypurensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 403. 1823.
Crotalaria acapulcensis Hook. & Arn, Bot. Beechey Voy. 414. 1841.
Jalisco to Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America and South America.
Slender shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaflets 2.5 to 6 cm. long, obtuse or acute;
flowers yellow, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; fruit about 3 cm. long.
9. Crotalaria anargyroides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 404. 1823.
Veracruz to Michoacin and Guerrero. Central America and northern South
America.
Leaflets 1 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex; flowers yellow, 1.5 cm.
long.
C. cajanifolia H. B. K.,* described from the Volein de Jorullo, is perhaps the
same species.
9. INDIGOFERA L. Sp. Pl. 751. 1753.
Unarmed shrubs or sometimes herbs, the pubescence of appressed hairs,
these attached by the middle; leaves pinnate; flowers small, in axillary
racemes ; fruit terete or compressed, small.
Fruit strongly compressed, 3.5 to 5 mm: wide__--____---___ 1. I. platycarpa.
Fruit terete or tetragonous, usually narrower.
Leaflets oblanceolate or obovate, broadest above the middle; leaves sessile
or nearly so.
Keates Conspicuous) Woalnetateses = 2s) ee eee 2. I. sabulicola.
Leaflets not punctate.
Plants prostrate or procumbent; leaflets usually less than 1.5 em. long.
3. I. ornithopodioides.
Plants erect; leaflets mostly 1.7 to 3 em. long______ 4. I. lespedezioides.
Leaflets lanceolate to oval, broadest at or below the middle; leaves pet-
iolate.
Fruit 1 to 3-seeded, 5 to 9 mm. long.
Leaflets glabrous on the upper surface.
fruit’ Subgtobose; ‘t-seeded= = se 2-2 4 Sete: Uae. Ssphaerocarpar
Fruit oblong, usually 2 or 3-seeded____-___--__-__ 6. I. densiflora.
Leaflets strigose on the upper surface.
Fruit truncate or subtruncate at apex__________ 7. I. sphinctosperma.
Fruit rounded to acute at apex.
Fruit 1-seeded, subglobose___-___-_-_-__-.- __-_ 8. I. jaliscensis.
Fruit 2 or 3-seeded, oblong.
Leaflets usuallysid5 ory mores) 2 te 9. I. montana.
eaflets::39 itor Me 2a ew tyes Be ee te pee ee 10. I. tumidula.
Fruit with several seeds, usually much more than 1 cm. long.
Lobes of the calyx subulate, twice aS long as the tube or longer; leaflets
usually: 3 oF Blt. 2 ee LY 1 ee 11. I. mucronata.
Lobes of the calyx deltoid or lanceolate, little if at all longer than the
tube; leaflets 7 or more
Lriwie.conspiciously: eurvedis.= = +2255 ees se 12. I. suffruticosa.
Fruit straight or nearly so.
Leaflets glabrous on the upper surface______-_-_ 13. I. salmonifiora.
Leaflets strigose on the upper surface.
Corolla 5 to 6 mm. long.
*Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 405. 1823.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 439
Leaflets mostly 2 to 4 cm. long, green, sparsely strigose.
14. I. cuernavacana.
Leaflets mostly less than 1.5 em. long, densely gray-strigose.
15. I. conzattii.
Corolla 7 to 10 mm. long.
Racemes 4 em. long or shorter, few-flowered____16. I. palmeri.
Racemes 5 to 20 em. long, many-flowered.
Leaflets 3 to 5 pairs; fruit 2.5 to 4 em. long__17. I. fruticosa.
Leaflets 6 to 10 pairs; fruit 1.5 to 2.5 em. long.
18. I. thibaudiana.
1. Indigofera platycarga Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 47. pl. 7. 1903.
Guerrero and Morelos; type from limestone mountains near Iguala, Guerrero.
Erect shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high, with reddish brown branches; leaflets oval
or oblong, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, obtuse; fruit 2 to 3 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide.
2. Indigofera sabulicola Benth. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 157%: 40. 1859.
Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, and South
America; type from Brazil.
Plants prostrate, fruticose or almost wholly herbaceous, densely sericeous ;
leaflets about 5 mm. long; flowers 7 mm. long.
3. Indigofera ornithopodioides Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 577. 1830.
Indigofera leptosepala Nutt. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 298. 1838.
Indigofera acutifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 282. 1838.
Indigofera mexicana Benth. Pl. Hartw. 286. 1848.
Chihuahua to Tamaulipas and Oaxaca; type from Veracruz. Texas.
Plants prostrate or procumbent, chiefly herbaceous but sometimes shrubby ;
leaflets usually 5 or 7, rounded or retuse at apex; flowers 5 to 6 mm. long.
It is possible that the Mexican material includes more than one species, but
there are no apparent lines of division. The description of I. hippocrepoides
Schlecht. suggests this species, but that plant may belong to some other genus.
The same is true of J. coronilloides Mart. & Gal.?
4. Indigofera lespedezioides H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 457, 1825.
Michoacin to Oaxaca; reported, probably erroneously, from Chihuahua ;
type from Volcan de Jorullo. Central America, Cuba and Jamaica, and South
America.
Shrub or herb, a meter high or less; leaflets 3 or 5 or often only 1, rounded
or retuse at apex; flowers red or purplish. 6 to 7 mm, long. “Anil cimarron ne
(Cuba); “cacheeahua,” “escorzonera de jiquilite” (Guatemala, Honduras,
Blake).
Said to be of some value as a forage plant in Cuba. Used in Guatemala as
a remedy for stomach troubles.
5. Indigofera sphaerocarpa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 37. 1853.
Northern Chihuahua and Sonora; type from Santa Cruz, Sonora. Southern
Arizona.
Slender erect skrub; leaflets about 17, 1 to 1.5 em. long; flowers 3 mm. long;
fruit 3 to 4 mm. long.
6. Indigofera densiflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10*: 44. 1845.
Mexico. Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca (type locality).
Slender shrub, about 2 meters high; leaflets about 19, oblong to oval, 1.5 to
2 em. long; fruit about 8 mm. long.
*Linnaea 12: 283. 1838.
? Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 45. 1848.
55268—22—_18
440 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
A specimen from Durango is very closely related, differing only in having
the leaflets thinly strigose on the upper surface.
7. Indigofera sphinctosperma Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 216. 1919.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan.
Slender shrub; leaflets about 17, oval or rounded-oval, 8 to 14 mm. long;
fruit 3 to 4 mm. long. '
8. Indigofera jaliscensis Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 310, 1905.
Jalisco to Morelos; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Shrub, a meter high or less; leaflets about 25, oblong or oval-oblong, 1 to
2.5 cm. long.
9. Indigofera montana Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8 311. 1905.
Durango, Zacatecas, and Jalisco; type collected between Mezquite and Monte
Escobedo, Jalisco.
Slender shrub, about a meter high; leaflets oblong or narrowly oblong, 1 to
2.5 cm. long; flowers brown-sericeous,
Closely related to the preceding species, but usually with narrower leaflets.
10. Indigofera tumidula Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 273. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, Iguala Canyon, Guerrero,
Shrub; leaflets oblong, 3 to 4 cm. long, rounded at apex; fruit 4 to 5 mm.
long.
11. Indigofera mucronata Spreng.; DC. Prodr. 2: 227. 1825.
Galega frutescens Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Galega no. 3. 1768. Not Indigofera
frutescens L. f. 1781.
Indigofera torulosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 286. 1836-389.
Sinaloa to Veracruz and Chiapas. Widely distributed in tropical regions.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent and procumbent, or sometimes shrubby and
2 meters high, sparsely strigose; leaflets oblong to broadly oval, 1 to 3 cm.
long, bright green; flowers pinkish or brick-red; fruit 2.5 to 4 em. long, tetra-
gonous, slender. “Afiilillo” (Tabasco, Rovirosa).
12. Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Indigofera no. 2. 1768.
Indigofera anil L. Mant. Pl. 2: 272. 1771.
Indigofera lindheimeriana Scheele, Linnaea 21: 464. 1848.
Occurring nearly throughout Mexico. Widely dispersed in tropical America,
and adventive in the Old World.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaflets mostly 11 or 13, oblong or oval, 1 to 3 ecm.
long; flowers small, greenish or yellowish; fruit 1.2 to 1.5 cm. long, falcate.
Known generally in Spanish America as “afil”; “choh” (Yucatén, Maya) ;
“jiquelite” or “xiquelite” (Oaxaca, Chiapas, Central America; from the
Nahuatl gviu-quilitl, “ turquoise-herb ”) ; “ huiquilitl” (Ramirez) ; “anil colo-
rado” (Tabasco, Rovirosa) ; “ ail jiquelite,” “ ail montés ” (Oaxaca) ; “ jiqui-
lete,” “ jiguilete’’ (Guatemala) ; “azul,” “azulejo” (Santo Domingo).
This species was formerly widely cultivated in the warmer parts of America
for the extraction of indigo, although an Old World species, J. tinctoria L., was
often used also. The latter is the chief source of the Old World indigo. In the
southeastern United States indigo was an important crop in the early part of
the nineteenth century. In 1794 about 1,500,000 pounds were exported to
Europe. In southern Mexico, also, it was an important article of export, in
Yucatéin up to 1885 at least. The blue dye, for which indigo is chiefly valued,
was finally largely replaced by coal-tar products, although much natural indigo
is still used, having been found superior for some purposes to the artificial
dyes. One of the chief reasons for the decline of indigo cultivation in America
is the fact that the extraction and handling of the dye is very injurious to the
health of those engaged in the work. The process of extraction of the coloring
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 441
matter is simple; the dried plants are soaked in water, and the infusion drawn
off; the indigo soon settles to the bottom of the liquid and is rolled into balls
and dried.
The use of this plant as a dye was known to the aboriginal inhabitants of
Mexico. In Sonora the Indians use it for coloring palm leaves and other
articles. In addition the plant has been much used in domestic medicine. The
Aztees used the seeds for urinary diseases and for ulcers, the leaves as a poul-
tice applied to the head to reduce fever, and the plant as a remedy for syphilis.
Febrifuge, vulnerary, purgative, antispasmodic, diuretic, and stomachie prop-
erties have been attributed to the plant, and it is a favorite local remedy for
epilepsy. In Brazil it is one of the reputed remedies for snake bites, and in the
United States indigo is often applied to the stings of bees and other insects.
The powdered seeds or a decoction of the roots are said to be efficient in
destroying vermin upon the human body.
13. Indigofera salmoniflora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 140. 1897.
Sinaloa; type from Imala.
Slender shrub, about a meter high; leaflets usually 7 or 9, oval, 1.5 to 4.5 cm.
long; flowers pink; fruit 3 to 4 cm long.
14. Indigofera cuernavacana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 140. 1897.
Morelos to Michoacin and Oaxaca; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Slender shrub, 2.5 meters high or less; leaflets about 9, oval, 2 to 4 cm. long.
15. Indigofera conzattii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 310. 1905.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Monte Alban, Oaxaca.
Low shrub; leaflets usually 7 or 9; fruit about 2 em. long.
16. Indigofera palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 22: 404. 1887.
Durango and Jalisco; type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Slender shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets oblong or oval, 1 to 3 em.
long; fruit 1.5 to 3 cm. long.
17. Indigofera fruticosa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 140. 1897.
Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high.
18. Indigofera thibaudiana DC. Prodr. 2: 225. 1825.
Indigofera excelsa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux, 107: 45. 18438.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz to Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaflets oblong to rounded-oval, 1.5 to 4 cm. long.
“ Anil silvestre.”
I. costaricensis Benth. has been treated as a synonym of this species, but it
Seems to differ in the glabrous upper surface of the leafiets.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
INDIGOFERA LOTOIDES Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 282. 18388. Type from Mineral
del Monte. Apparently not of this genus.
INDIGOFERA PURPUSIT T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 499. 1919.
Type from Barranca de Tenampa, Veracruz.
10. APOPLANESIA Presl, Symb. Bot. 1: 63. pl. 41. 1831.
1. Apoplanesia paniculata Pres], Symb. Bot. 1: 63. pl. 41. 1831.
Microlobium glandulosum Liebm. Nat. For. Kjobenhayvn Vid. Medd. 1853:
104. 1854.
Eysenhardtia olivana Safford, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci 6: 183. f. J.
1916.
Colima to Oaxaca. Guatemala.
442 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Tree, sometimes 10 meters high; leaves odd-pinnate, the leaflets oval or ob-
long, 1 to 7 em. long, rounded or emarginate at apex, black-dotted, puberulent
when young but soon glabrate; flowers small, in slender racemes, the calyx
acerescent in fruit. ‘Palo de arco” (Guerrero, Oaxaca); ‘“‘ ébano,”’ “ eaca-
naquasle” (Colima) ; “arco negro,” “ matagallina,” “ palo matagallina,” “ palo
de arco negro,” “palo de arco” (Oxaca); ‘ guie-biche’”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec,
Reko); “‘ cacanaguaste” (Colima).
The bark is said to yield a dye.
11. AMORPHA L. Sp. Pl. 713. 1753.
Erect unarmed shrubs; leaves.pinnate, the leaflets numerous, gland-dotted ;
flowers small, violet, racemose, the corolla of a single petal; fruit short, 1 or
2-seeded, indehiscent.
Calyx lobes very short, obtuse; rachis of the leaf not aculeolate.
1. A. fragrans.
Calyx lobes elongate, acute; rachis of the leaf finely glandular-aculeolate.
2. A. californica.
1. Amorpha fragrans Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. pl. 247. 1828.
Amorpha occidentalis Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 394. 1910.
Northern Chihuahua and Sonora. California to Texas, Illinois, and Montana.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaflets 9 to 27, oblong to oval, 1.5 to 4 em. long,
minutely strigose; racemes 8 to 20 cm. long; calyx gland-dotted, 3 to 3.5 mm.
long; banner 4.5 to 5 mm, long; fruit 5 mm. long.
From some of the related species, known in the United States as “false in-
digo,” a kind ofeindigo was formerly extracted.
2. Amorpha californica Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 306. 1838.
Mountains of Baja California. Southern Arizona and California (type from
Santa Barbara).
Shrub 1 to 3 meters high; leaflets 11 to 25, oval or elliptic, 1 to.3 cm. long,
soft-pilose, rounded at apex; racemes 5 to 20 cm. long; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long;
banner 5 mm. long; fruit curved, 5 mm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
AMORPHA RABIAE Lex.; Llave & Lex. Noy. Veg. Deser. 1: 22. 1824. Described
from Pico de Quinceo, near Morelia, Michoacin. Probably not of this genus,
12. EYSENHARDTIA H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 489. 1824.
REFERENCE: Pennell, N. Amer. Fl. 24: 34440. 1919.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves pinnate, the leaflets glandular-punctate; flowers
in lax spikelike racemes; corolla nearly regular, white; stamens 10; fruit inde-
hiscent, 1-seeded.
Calyx irregular, in fruit flaring from the base, the slit between the pos-
terior lobes extending nearly to the base, the anterior lobes decidedly
longer than the posterior ones.
Leaflets 35 to 45, 8 to 12 mm. long; bracts deciduous before anthesis; fruit
14 tor16i;mm, long jglabroup_ 4-22. 44524) AoW ws. zero 1. E. punctata.
Leaflets 9 to 25, 3 to 6 mm. long; bracts persistent until after anthesis; fruit
5 to 7 mm, long, pubescent.
Leaflets 21 to 25, densely pubescent on the upper surface; racemes 6 to 9
GaP C1: ee a a 2. E. schizocaly=x.
Leaflets 9 to 17, nearly glabrous on the upper surface; racemes 1 to 5 em.
long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 448
"ig Leaflets 9 or 11, 4 to 5 mm. long; style with a minute gland.
3. E. peninsularis.
Leaflets 13 to 17, 3 to 4 mm. long; style glandless_______ 4. E. spinosa.
Calyx only slightly irregular, in fruit tubular-campanulate, the slit between
the posterior lobes short, the anterior lobes only slightly longer than the
posterior ones.
Style pubescent, glandless ; fruit 5 to 8 mm. long; leaflets 9 to 13, 2 to 2.5
ESTILO eee ere eee en ee nL Se ae 5. E. parvifolia.
Style glabrous, gland-bearing; fruit 7 to 20 mm. long; leaflets 21 to Fi beers’
to 25 mm. long.
Fruit reflexed in age, punctate with ‘nconspicuous glands; standard con-
SOiCUOUShy mMOtChCd == 2s ea 6. E. polystachya.
Fruit ascending. punctate with conspicuous glands; standard petal only
slightly notched.
Fruit 12 to 13 mm. long, 3.5 to 4 mm, wide, straight or nearly so; leaf-
Vetere Opto: CO- bey OM LO MS eer ee 7. HE. platycarpa.
Fruit 7 to 10 mm. long, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide, curved; leatlets 15 to 31, 5
fice) LeTis sOaiie AT Coy a moana a Se Pa A ee eg le haan grr lata 8. E, texana.
1. Eysenhardtia punctata Pennell, N. Amer. Fl, 24: 39. 1920. .
Aguascalientes and Jalisco; type collected between Bolanos and Guadalajara,
Jalisco.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 5 meters high, with fragrant foliage; leaflets oval-
oblong, glabrate; racemes 4 to 9 cm. long; calyx 3 to 4 mm. long; fruit 4.5 to®@
5 mm, wide, straight. “Palo dulce” (Aguascalientes).
2. Eysenhardtia schizocalyx Pennell, N. Amer. Fl. 24: 39. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, Mapimi, Durango.
Branchlets cinereous-canescent; leaflets oval or broadly oblong, 4 to 6 mm.
long, appressed-pubescent; petals 4 to 4.5 mm. long; fruit 2.5 to 3 mm. wide.
3. Eysenhardtia peninsularis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 180.
1911.
Baja California.
Densely branched shrub, the branchlets: cinereous-canescent; leaflets oblong,
puberulent beneath ; racemes 2 to 5 cm. long; petals 4 to 5 mm. long.
4. Eysenhardtia spinosa Hngelm.; A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 174.
- 1850.
Chihuahua; type from Lake Encinillas.
Densely branched shrub, the branchlets cinereous-canescent; leaflets oblong
or oval, puberulent beneath; racemes 1 to 3 cm. long; petals 4 to 4.5 mm.
long; fruit 2 mm. wide.
5. Eysenhardtia parvifolia T. S: Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 180.
1911,
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Parras, Coahuila.
Densely branched shrub, the branchlets canescent; leaflets elliptic-oval,
glabrate; racemes 5 to 10 mm. long; fruit 1.7 to 2 mm. wide, glabrous.
6. Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ortega) Sarg. Silv. N. Amer. 3: 29, 1892.
Viborquia polystacha Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 66. 1798.
EHysenhardtia amorphoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 491. 1824.
Varennea polystachya DC. Prodr. 2: 522. 1825.
Eysenhardtia amorphoides orthocarpa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 37. 1853.
_ Hysenhardtia orthocarpa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 339. 1882.
? Psoralea stipularis Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 169. 1804.
Hysenhardtia reticulata Pennell, N. Amer. Fl, 24: 36. 1919.
444 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Hiysenhardtia subcoriacea Pennell, N. Amer. Fl. 24: 36. 1919.
Hysenhardtia cobriformis Pennell, N. Amer. Fl. 24: 36. 1919.
Chihuahua and Sonora to Oaxaca and Tamaulipas. Southern Arizona,
Shrub or tree, 3 to 8 meters high, the branchlets canescent; bark thin, light
gray; leaflets 21 to 51, oblong or oval, 3 to 20 mm. long, pubescent or some-
times glabrate; racemes 4 to 15 cm. long; petals 5 to 7 mm. long; fruit 10 to 15
mm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, glabrous; wood: hard, dense, reddish brown, the
specific gravity about 0.87. “ Rosilla,’ ‘‘ palo cuate” (Sinaloa); “palo dulce”
(Mexico, Hidalgo, Puebla, Sonora, Jalisco, Oaxaca) ; “ coatl,’”’ “ coate,” “ cuate”
(from the Nahuatl coatli, “ snake-water’’); ‘palo dulce blanco” (Mexico) ;
“taray (Nuevo Leén, Durango) ; “ vara dulce,” “ varaduz ” (Durango, Patoni) ;
“lena nefritica’’; “ urza” (Otomi).
This plant has long been known in Mexico because of the peculiar properties
of the wood. An infusion of the heartwood in water has at first a golden-
yellow color which soons deepens to orange. When held in a glass vial against
a black background it exhibits a beautiful peacock-blue fluorescence. The wood
was well known in Europe as early as the 16th century, where it was called
“lignum nephriticum,’” because of its supposed duretic properties. It was
first mentioned by Monardes (1565), and is mentioned by Hernandez under the
name “coatl” or “coatli.” He also states that the name “ tlapalezpatli,”?
or “blood-red medicine,” was used for the plant. Sahagtn writes of the plant
as follows: ‘“ There is a wild tree called coatli from which they get the branches
@ 10r making the baskets which they call wacales. It is a flexible wood, and if
put in water the latter becomes blue. It is a remedy for urinary diseases.”
The foliage of the tree is aromatic and the flowers are fragrant. In Mexico
drinking troughs made from the wood are used for watering fowls, or a piece
of the wood is put in their drinking water to ward off diseases. Palmer re-
ports that in Sonora a decoction of the wood is given as a refreshing drink to
fever patients. The wood is much used in some localities for kidney and
bladder affections. It also gives a yellowish brown dye.
7. Eysenhardtia platycarpa Pennell & Safford, N. Amer. Fl. 24: 37, 1919.
Jalisco to Puebla and Guerrero; type from Barranea of Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 5 meters high, the branchlets cinereous-puberulent ;
leaflets oblong, minutely puberulent; racemes 4 to 12 cm. long; petals 5 mm.
long; fruit glabrous.
8. Eysenhardtia texana Scheele, Linnaea 21: 462. 1848.
Coahuila and Tamaulipas. Texas; type from New Braunfels.
Shrub, 2 to 3.5 meters high; leaflets oblong, finely puberulent; racemes 3 to
10 em. long; petals 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit glabrous. ‘“ Vara dulce” (Tamau-
lipas).
The shrub is said to be a good honey plant.
13. PAROSELA Cav. Descr. Pl. 185. 1802.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 24: 40-116. 1919-20.
Shrubs or rarely small trees, with gland-dotted branches, leaves, and calyx;
leaves pinnate, rarely simple; flowers racemose or spicate; calyx 10-ribbed,
*See W. E. Safford, Lignum nephriticum—its history and an account of the
remarkable fluorescence of its infusion, Smiths. Rep. 1915: 271-298. pl. 1-7.
1916; also Safford, Hysenhardtia polystachya, the source of the true Lignum
nephriticum mexicanum, Journ. Washington Acad. Sei. 5: 503-517. f. 1, 2. 1915.
7Also written “ tlalpalezpatli” and “ tlapahoaxpatli.”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 445
5-lobed ; stamens 10 or 9; fruit indehiscent, 1 or few-seeded, usually included in
the calyx.
Many herbaceous species of the genus occur in Mexico. The shrubby forms
are of scarcely any economic importance, and very few vernacular names are
recorded for them. An infusion of the leaves of some species is said to be em-
ployed in Ecuador as a remedy for indigestion.
A. Flowers pediceled, reflexed.
Calyx lobes longer than the tube.
Leaves and stem glabrous.
Leaflets 17 to 37, less than 2 mm. long_____________ 1. P. filiciformis.
Leaflets(5) or 7) 3to’4 mmislong2 oie 00 + 36 atolls, senior 2. P. berlandieri.
Leaves and stem pubescent.
Calyx lobes filiform, plumose; flowers subtended by 1 to 3 prominent
EUSA wets eA Le NE cd oe ee OV BOD 1 3. P. sericocalyx.
Calyx lobes lance-subulate, not plumose; flowers not subtended by glands.
Flowers 8 to 10 mm. long; leaflets 15 to 29... = 4. P. calycosa.
Flowers about 6 mm. long; leaflets 9 to 17_______________ 5. P. orcuttii.
Calyx lobes shorter than the tube or barely equaling it.
Leaves simple.
Leaves, at least the lower ones, obovate or spatulate, toothed ; ovules 4 to
6; calyx with a single gland in each interval__________ 6. P. spinosa.
Leaves narrowly linear; ovules 2; glands 2 or more in each interval.
Branches glabrate, bright green; leaves sparsely pubescent.
7% P. schottii.
Branches densely gray-strigose, becoming yellowish; leaves densely
StrigosO 22 strate see be oe egies _ lim 8. P. puberula.
Leaves pinnate.
Calyx hairy outside.
Leaves conspicuously hairy.
Pubescence of the stem and peduncles spreading ____9. P. goldmani.,
Pubescence of the stem and peduncles appressed.
Calyx canescent throughout___#sdscusd_viesl poset 10. P. parryi.
Calyx glabrous below, canescent-hirsute above___11. P. maritima.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Stems decumbent, pilose___.i+_-_____-_________ 12. P. procumbens.
Stems erect, glabrous or sparsely strigose.
Leaflets(punctate above_22h sie wits til tig 81. P. hospes.
Leaflets not punctate above.
Leaflets 2 mm. long, retuse; calyx 2.5 mm. long__138. P. palmeri.
Leaflets 7 to 10 mm. long. obtuse; calyx 3 to 3.5 mm. long.
14. P. neglecta.
Calyx glabrous outside.
Calyx hairy inside.
Calyx strongly angled, not conspicuously glandular.
Leaves pubescent.
Leaflets sparsely pilose; stem glabrous______ 15. P. anthonyi.
Leaflets densely strigose; stem canescent____11. P. maritima.
Leaves glabrous.
eaflets, linear 2224 or oa. asl ody 16. P. radicans,
Leaflets oblong or oval.
Branches SErIGOSE 22-9 ast wh Wd ye toe ee 22. P. oculata.
Branches glabrous.
Upper: 4 calyx lobes acute____________ 17. P. variegata.
Upper 4 calyx lobes obtuse_____-____----_ 18. P. divaricata.
446 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Calyx not strongly angled, conspicuously glandular. ;
Leaflets pubescent on the upper surface; racemes Jax. Petals
purplishe10)_ 10990, euiioy a0) 36. 20) ate | 19. P. schaffneri.
Leafiets glabrous on both surfaces; racemes dense. 7
Petals, except the banner, purplish______ 20. P. hegewischiana.
Petals all greenish yellow ll__42_ 4 2 e828 21. P. viridifiora.
Calyx glabrous within.
Calyx lobes equaling the tube.
Branches strigose.-.. = 2s 2 ae as eter: pied | 22. P. oculata.
Branches glabrous.
Racemes short, at the ends of short leafy branches.
23. P. crenulata.
Racemes 8 to 12 em. long, on naked peduncles opposite the
MGA NGS n= 5 a ee nee ee eee te 24. P. elongata.
Calyx lobes much shorter than the tube.
Leaf rachis distinctly winged, constricted at the nodes.
25. P. nutans.
Leaf rachis not winged but slightly margined.
Racemes headlike or subumbellate__________ 26. P. gracillima.
Racemes elongate, not headlike.
Racemes 2 to 5-flowered,; lax__ =~.) 27. P. diffusa.
Racemes many-flowered, dense.
Racemes 1 to 2 em. long; plants decumbent.
28. P. dispansa.
Racemes 3 to 8 em. long; plants erect__29. P. submontana.
AA. Flowers sessile, ascending.
B. Calyx lobes subulate-tipped, usually longer than the tube.
Spikes subsessile at the ends of short axillary branches as well as at the
ends of the main branches.
Leaves and branches glabrous or nearly so, except when very young.
Spikes short but not capitate, mostly short-pedunculate or at the ends
of.short leafy branches ___tro.dwri94 ds {ore y 30. P. scandens.
Spikes capitate, sessile in the leaf axils and at the ends of the branches.
Leaflets 11 or 13, 3 to 4 mm. longe— oie eee ee eee enh 31. P. capitulata.
iheafiets.5 to.9, 4 to. 11. mm. long. seslie ssesteaes 32. P. tehuacana.
Leaves and branches conspicuously villous.
Calyx without conspicuous glands between the ribs____65. P. sessilis.
Calyx with conspicuous glands between the ribs.
Bracts ovate, acute, scarcely longer than the calyx tube.
Spikes, at least in fruit, lax; leaf rachis evidently winged.
33. P. domingensis.
Spikes short and dense; rachis scarcely winged__--34. P. humilis.
Bracts lance-ovate, long-acuminate, much exceeding the calyx tube.
: 35. P. occidentalis.
Spikes terminating the stem and branches.
C. Petals yellow, fading to rose or purplish.
Calyx not conspicuously gland-dotted between the ribs; leaves glabrous.
Oaly= tube 2labrous2222.22 a eet 42. P. argyrostachya.
Oalyx tube pubescent.
Leaflets 7 to 11, often emarginate, blackening in drying.
36. P. melantha.
Leaflets 11 to 35, not emarginate, not blackening.
Leaflets 2 to 6 mm. long; corolla less than 1 ¢m. long.
37. P. zimapanica.
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 447
STANDLEY
Leaflets 7 to 9 mm. long; corolla more than 1 cm. long.
38. P. diversicolor.
Calyx with a row of conspicuous glands between the ribs; leaves usually
more or less pubescent.
Calyx glabrous only at the base, more or less pilose between the ribs
as well as on the margin.
Bracts caudate-acuminate, longer than the calyx__39. P. caudata.
Bracts acute or short-acuminate, shorter than the calyx.
Corolla 10 mm. long; bracts pubescent____________ 40. P. lutea.
Corolla 7 mm. long; bracts glabrous on the back__41. P. wardii.
Calyx wholly glabrous except on the margins.
Leaves glabrous.
ptemstelabrous22222 Stele Ens 42. P. argyrostachya.
Stems puberulent__-_—.—_ 2 0eos3ee wigeaeh test 2" 43. P. botterii.
Leaves pubescent.
Bracts acute or gradually short-acuminate.
Leaflets elliptic-obovate, pubescent on both sides.
44, P. plumosa.
Leaflets oblong, glabrous on the upper surface.
45. P. painteri.
Bracts abruptly caudate-acuminate.
Petdisdark blue® 22UG lie wilisertad | ayetters a 46. P. atrocyanea.
Petals yellow.
Leaflets hairy on both sides; stem long-hairy.
47. P. gigantea.
Leaflets glabrate on the upper surface; stem short-hairy.
48. P. macrostachya.
CC. Petals purple or bluish to white, only the banner. if any of the
petals, ochroleucous.
D. Leaves glabrous.
Leaflets 41 to 71.
Leaflets oblong, channeled. Calyx lobes longer than the tube.
“ye 49. P. crassifolia.
Leaflets oval, flat.
Bracts much longer than the calyx; calyx lobes equaling the
Up eB PERU MGR) JOM) BOP eyes 50. P. roseiflora.
Bracts not exceeding the calyx; calyx lobes shorter than the
PODER Tee MEE BO UD ME. MT STON RG: 51. P. longifolia.
Leaflets 7 to 31.
Spikes short and dense, subeapitate, subsessile.
Spikes many-flowered; calyx lobes about equaling the tube.
52. P. saffordii.
Spikes few-flowered; calyx lobes much longer than the tube.
Bracts glabrous; calyx lobes about 6 mm. long.
53. P. formosa.
Bracts silky-pilose; calyx lobes 3.5 to 4 mm. long.
54. P. purpusi.
Spikes elongate, distinctly pedunculate.
Calyx tube glabrous or nearly so__-----~~--- 43. P. botterii.
Calyx tube densely pubescent.
Branches conspicuously gland-dotted_~__—_ 55. P. brandegel.
Branches not conspicuously gland-dotted.
Leaflets broadly oblong; calyx lobes shorter than the tube.
56. P. smithii.
448 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaflets linear to narrowly oblong; calyx lobes equaling or
exceeding the tube.
Calyx appressed-sericeous ; leaves slightly pubescent when
VOUN G22 Vass thee depen ow 57. P. glabrescens.
Calyx loosely pilose; leaves glabrous from the first.
Leaflets linear-oblong, slightly involute; petals rose-
purpleiasest. sheet panties 58. P. lasiostachya.
Leaflets linear, strongly involute; petals pink or whit-
AGiecs lees sy) gel = ces! sy eee 2 oe thee 59. P. involuta.
DD. Leaves conspicuously pubescent.
Plants densely sericeous.
heaves’ 3-foliolate_.=. ~~~ _» = --eywewetnbe = 60. P. eriophylla.
heaves Sito. 11-foliolates. 24 0 21s eet clare eee ys 61. P. greggii.
Plants not densely sericeous.
Petals (except sometimes the banner) dark purple.
Calyx lobes shorter than the tube_______-_____ 62. P. oaxacana.
Calyx lobes equaling or longer than the tube.
Bractedecrdnouss tsa eae: prob pale 22 83. P. emoryi.
Bracts persistent.
Leafiets narrowly oblong, 2 to 4 mm. long, pubescent on both
SUGGS | tenses ee Bye pe eres ps 63. P. tsugoides.
Leaflets broadly oblong, 4 to 7 mm. long, glabrous on the
upper surface.
Corolla rose-purple; calyx not conspicuously glandular.
64. P. versicolor.
Corolla dark bluish purple; calyx with conspicuous glands
betweenithe: ribss2ce> vie 2h aes, 46. P. atrocyanea.
Petals rose-colored to white.
Spikes short, often subglobose, sessile at the ends of short leafy
IVAN CHES ee Pt shee ee ee pee ae 65. P. sessilis.
Spikes elongate, usually pedunculate at the ends of elongate
branches.
Leaflets villous-sericeous ; branches villous-canescent.
Branches glandular-tuberculate; petals usually without
NANG SE wo ape le eee Epes 66. P. megalostachys.
Branches not conspicuously glandular; petals with a large
gland-neamhe ape xieee see 67. P. wislizeni.
Leaflets and branches finely short-pubescent.
Leaflets obtuse, sparsely pilose or glabrate above; corolla
TONG pe ib as 8 eter! ohn tee be ga 68. P. sanctae-crucis.
Leaflets acute, finely short-pubescent above; corolla nearly
White! 22sec pee te ete tear 69. P. leucantha.,
BB. Calyx lobes short, ovate or lanceolate, manally much shorter than the
tube, rarely subulate-tipped.
Corolla yellow.
Fruit exserted from the calyx. ° .
Stipular spines 3 to 9 mm. long; only the terminal leaflet retuse;
banner about twice as broad as the other petals__70. P. benthami.
Stipular spines 1 to 2 mm. long; all leaflets retuse; banner 3 to 4
times as broad as the other petals____._______ 71. P. megacarpa.
Fruit not exserted.
Spikes elongate; corolla fading to purple; bracts caducous.
72. P. acutifolia.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 449
Spikes subcapitate; corolla fading yellow; bracts persistent.
Stems) fibescentsis2__sirelity sou sel tee simone 73. P. capitata.
Stems glabrous.
Bracts brown, not conspicuously glandular; pubescence of the
calyx appressed__-_--__--__-- ale ge sliye? _ 74. P. quinquefiora.
Bracts yellow, with green tip, conspicuously glandular; pubescence
ai the calyx not; appressed. 22 75. P. Noydii.
Corolla (except sometimes the banner) not yellow.
Petals white.
Calyx tube glabrous, 2e0l #. suey gaol) hap garth
Calyx tube pubescent.
Leaflets 3 to 5 mm. long, linear; bracts persistent__77. P. lumholtzii.
Leaflets more than 10 mm. long, Oval or oblong; bracts caducous.
Calyx lobes deltoid-acuminate, fully half as long as the tube;
spikes paniculate, nodding_________ 78. P. eysenhardtioides.
Calyx lobes triangular, acute, one-third as long as the tube; spikes
mostly axillary;erects23=544 ‘shy on 79. P. leucostachys.
Petals wholly or partly purple, pink, or blue.
Calyx glabrous or sparsely silky-strigose outside, the lobes ciliolate,
broader than long.
Calyx glabrous; flowers sessile___________-_____ 80. P. frutescens.
Calyx sericeous-strigose; flowers short-pedicellate__81. P. hospes.
Calyx pubescent outside, at least on the lobes, these longer than broad.
Leaflets large, 1 to 2 em. long, acute; corolla yellow at first.
72. P. acutifolia.
Leaflets mostly small, sometimes large, nearly always obtuse; wing
and keel petals always purple, pink, or blue.
Petals dark blue.
Leaflets 2 to 4 mm. long, elliptic or oval_____
Leaflets 5 to 20 mm. Jong, or sometimes larger.
Leaves, Sim plete: 90h 5.4 ape, pe
Leaves pinnate.
Calyx lobes unequal, the lowest one distinctly longer; leaves
elabroudy--sen oS 4 ee 85. P. juncea.
Calyx lobes subequal; leaves sparsely or densely canescent.
Leaflets entire or sinuate, oval to oblong__86. P. tinctoria.
Leaflets distinctly dentate.
Leaflets obovate to oblanceolate; stem and leaves de-
eifedly caneseent125% _--- 2 2 87. P. dentata.
Leaflets linear-lanceolate; stem and leaves somewhat
pubescent but green____-------__~_ 88. P. arenaria.
Petals (except sometimes the banner) purple or pink.
Banner, as well as the other petals, purple.
Besflets!13to'3i. oblong ant eset
Leaflets 31 to 65, linear.
leaves glabrous] 2-.2e!. Ses eee 89. P. pectinata.
ibea vesjcanescent.—=.+-4 5 2 90. P. abietifolia.
Banner yellow or white.
Branches not conspicuously glandular-tuberculate.
Spikes solitary; leaflets glabrous, very numerous.
51. P. longifolia.
76. P. mucronata.
82. P. pilosissima.
84. P. scoparia.
62. P. oaxacana. —
Spikes paniculate; leaflets few, canescent,
Petals purple = 22 5 20s Sob eee 91. P. tomentosa.
Petals pink, turning yellowish in age_-_92. P. psoraleoides.
450 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Branches conspicuously glandular-tuberculate. Spikes single.
Stems and leaves glabrous. Spikes headlike.
Spikes long-pedunculate; bracts much shorter than the
calyx. Leaflets 2 to 3 mm, long___93. P. hemsleyana.
Spikes short-pedunculate ; bracts equaling the calyx.
Bracts broadly obovate; leaflets 3 to 5 mm. long.
94. P. trochilina.
Bracts lanceolate; leaflets 1 to 2 mm. long.
95. P. minutifolia.
Stems and leaves more or less pubescent.
Calyx merely puberulent, brown; leaflets 11 to 21, 2 to 3
mm. long. Spikes oblong____—___ 96. P. naviculifolia.
Calyx canescent; leaflets 8 to 7, if more numerous more
than 3 mm. long.
Spikes elongate and lax in fruit. Bracts soon deciduous.
Leaves long-sericeous on both sides___97. P. argyrea.
Leaves short-pubescent on the upper surface.
Calyx villous-canescent, the lobes equaling the tube.
Bracts ovate-acuminate, longer than the buds.
98. P. seemanni.
Calyx silky-canescent with appressed hairs, the
lobes shorter than the tube.
Bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, shorter tham
THEM DUS abe Tee 99. P. tuberculata.
Bracts lance-subulate, longer than the buds.
100. P. canescens.
Spikes dense and short, even in fruit.
Spikes (without the corollas) more than 1 cm. thick,
acute at first; corolla more than 1 cm. long:
leaflets 7 to 31.
Leafiets 7 to 18, sericeous_________ 97. P. argyrea.
Leaflets 18 to 31, short-pubescent with spreading
Wairset paiieiy boi 2718 101. P. conzattii.
Spikes 7 to 8 mm. thick, obtuse; corolla less than
1 em. long; leaflets 5 to 9.
Leaves glabrous above, minutely puberulent be-
WERT Wide Deis BAG iebek 102. P. tuberculina.
Leaves canescent on both sides.
Spikes oblong, 2 to 8 em. long, distinctly peduncu-
WAtOUS = Tesitih Stel fee 103. P. fulvosericea.
Spikes globose or short-oblong, 1 to 1.5 em. long,
subsessile or very short-pedunculate.
Pubescence appressed ; leaflets 3 to 8 mm. long.
104. P. dorycnoides.
Pubescence spreading; leaflets less than 3 mm.
long.
Leaves greenish, minutely canescent; calyx
silky-villous with brown hairs.
105. P. polycephala.
Leaves and calyx villous-canescent with long
Whitish hairs = -22 see se 106. P. decora.
1. Parosela filiciformis (Robins. & Greenm.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8:
308. 1905.
Datea flliciformis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 382. 1894.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 451
In dry soil, San Luis Potosi and Aguascalientes to Oaxaca; type from Villar,
San Luis Potosi.
Plants very slender, 20 to 60 cm. high; with a thick woody root; stems, glab-
rous; leaflets 17 to 37, oval or suborbicular, 1. to 2 mm. long, glabrous; racemes
5 to 10 cm. long, remotely flowered ; calyx villous; petals yellowish below, pur-
plish above.
2. Parosela berlandieri (A. Gray) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 106. 1906.
Dalea berlandieri. A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad, 5: 177. 1861.
San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas; type from San Carlos, Tamaulipas.
Slender shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high; branches glabrous; leaflets 5 or 7, cuneate
or oboyate-oblong, 3 to 4 mm, long, glabrous; racemes lax, 2 to 4 cm. long;
calyx densely pilose; petals at first yellowish, becoming reddish ; fruit pilose.
3. Parosela sericocalyx Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 63. 1919.
Known only from the type collection, from the Sierra Madre of Durango or
Sinaloa.
Slender shrub, 50 cm. high or more; stems silky-villous when young; leaflets
9 to 21, oval, sericeous on both sides, 10 to 15 mm. long; racemes 2 to 4 em.
long; calyx sericeous; petals reddish purple; fruit sericeous.
4, Parosela calycosa (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 5. 1900.
Dalea calycosa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 40. 1853.
Chihuahua, Sonora, and Nuevo Leén; type collected on the San Pedro,
Sonora. New Mexico and Arizona.
Plants suffrutescent, 10 to 30 em. high or more; stems slender, strigose-
eanescent; leaflets 15 to 29, oval or obovate, 3 to 5 mm. long, obtuse or retuse,
glabrous above, strigose beneath; racemes 2 to 4 cm. long, dense; calyx densely
pilose; petals white and purple; fruit pilose.
5. Parosela orcuttii (S. Wats.) Parish, Bot. Gaz. 55: 305. 1918.
Daiea orcuttii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 359. 1885.
Northern Baja California; type from Topo and Cantillas Canyon. Southern
California.
Stems suffrutescent, ascending, 10 to 20 em. long, strigose-canescent; leaflets
9 to 17, oblong-obovate, 2 to 4 mm. long, glabrous above, strigose beneath;
racemes 1 to 2 cm. long, dense; calyx hirsute-pilose; petals purple and whitish.
6. Parosela spinosa (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 7. 1900.
Dalea spinosa A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 5: 315. 1854.
Dalea spinescens Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot. 1: 247. 1880.
Psorodendron spinosum Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 45. 1919.
Sonora and Baja California. Arizona and southern California; type from
the Gila River, Arizona.
Densely branched shrub or small tree, 4 to 7 meters high; leaves 2 to 5 em.
jong, irregularly dentate, early deciduous; recemes 3 to 5 cm. long, the rachis
spinose; calyx strigose; petals dark blue; fruit canescent; wood soft, coarse-
grained, brown, its specific gravity about 0.55. “ Mangle” (Sonora).
The English name is “ indigo-bush” or “ indigo-thorn.” The plant is very
showy when in flower.
7. Parosela schottii (Torr.) Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 6. 1900.
Dalea schottii Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 53. 1859.
Psorodendron schottii Rydb. N. Amer. Fl, 24:44. 1919.
Northern Baja California. Southern Arizona and California; type from the
Colorado River.
452 . CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Densely branched shrub, 1 to 8 meters high, with spinose branches; leaves
0.5 to 3 cm. long; racemes 4 to 8 cm. long, 6 to 20-flowered; calyx sparsely
short-hirsute or glabrate; petals blue.
8. Parosela puberula (Parish) Standl.
Parosela schottii puberula Parish, Bot. Gaz. 55: 312. 19138.
Psorodendron puberulum Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 45. 1919.
Northern Baja California. Southern California, the type from the Colo-
rado Desert.
Densely branched shrub with spinose branches; leaves 1 to 2.5 em. long;
racemes 3 to 5 cm. long; calyx densely canescent; petals bluish purple, 1 em.
long; fruit puberulent.
Perhaps only a form of P. schottii.
9. Parosela goldmani Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 305. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Choix, Sinaloa,
Stems suffrutescent, 30 to 50 cm. high or more, short-hirsute, becoming glab-
rate, reddish; leaflets 15 to 35, oblong or elliptic, 3 to 4 mm. long, obtuse, white-
hirsute; racemes 2 to 4 cm. long; calyx densely hirsute; petals bluish purple ;
fruit hirsutulous.
10. Parosela parryi (Torr. & Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 6. 1900.
Dalea divaricata cinerea A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 336. 1868.
Daiea parryi Torr. & Gray; A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 397. 1868.
Sonora and Baja California. Southern Arizona and California; type from
Fort Mohave, California.
Stems slender, suffruticose, 30 to 60 cm. high, gray-strigose; leaflets 15 to 33,
obovate or suborbicular, 2 to 5 mm. long, emarginate, strigose; racemes 3 to &
em. long; calyx strigose-canescent; petals violet; fruit minutely puberulent.
11. Parosela maritima (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 304.
1905.
Dalea maritima T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 125. 1891.
Southern Baja California ; type from Todos Santos.
Stems suffruticose, decumbent, densely white-pubescent; leaflets 15 to 23,
- oblong-obovate, 3 to 4 mm. long, densely canescent; racemes 1 to 3 cm. long,
dense; calyx glabrous below, hirsute above; petals purple; fruit glabrous.
12. Parosela procumbens (Moc. & Sessé) Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 8: 304.
1905.
Dalea procumbens Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 2: 246. 1825.
Dry hillsides, Jalisco to Chiapas (type locality).
Stems suffruticose, prostrate, 30 to 50 cm. long, reddish, pilose; leaflets 15 to
21, oval or obovate, 2 to 3 mm. long, glabrous, crenulate ; racemes 1 to 2 cm. long,
dense ; calyx pilose on the ribs; petals bright purple; fruit puberulent.
13. Parosela palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 304. 1905.
Dry hillsides, Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Slender shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high, glabrous or nearly so; leaflets 11 to 21,
elliptic or obovate, 2 mm. long, retuse, glabrous; racemes 4 to 6 cm. long, lax;
calyx puberulent; petals ochroleucous, tipped and margined with purple.
14. Parosela neglecta (Robinson) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 3804. 1905.
Dalea neglecta Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 329. 1894.
Known only from Guanajuato, the type locality.
Stems woody below, 30 to 50 em. high, glabrous; leaflets 11 to 15, elliptic or
oblanceolate, 7 to 10 mm. long, rounded at apex, glabrous, glaucous beneath ;
racemes lax, 2 to 4 em. long; calyx puberulent; petals deep purple.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 453
15. Parosela anthonyi (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 272.
1909. 3
Dalea anthonyi T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 2. 1899.
Southern Baja California ; type from San José del Cabo.
Shrub, about 1 meter high; branches glabrous or nearly so; leaflets 13 to
21, oblong, obtuse, 3 to 5. mm. long, sparsely pilose; racemes lax, 2 to 7 cm.
long; calyx glabrous; petals bluish purple, variegated with yellow; fruit
glabrous.
16. Parosela radicans (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 305. 1905.
Dalea radicans 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 341. 1882.
Coahuila; type from the Sierra Madre, south of Saltillo.
Stems suffruticose, erect or procumbent, 10 to 40 cm. long, glabrous; leaflets
13 to 19, linear, 2 to 4 mm. long, glabrous; racemes 1 to 2 cm. long, lax;
calyx glabrous; petals purple.
17. Parosela variegata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 55. 1919.
Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Slender shrub, 50 cm. high or more; branches purplish, glabrous; leaflets
19 to 25, elliptic, 3 to 4 mm. long, retuse, glabrous; racemes 38 to 6 em. long;
ealyx glabrous; petals blue, white, and yellowish; fruit glabrous.
18. Parosela divaricata (Benth.) Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 305. 1905.
Dalea divaricata Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 12. 1844.
Baja California ; type from Magdalena Bay.
Stems suffruticose, diffusely branched, brownish, glabrous; leaflets 15 to
21, oblong or obovate, 2 to 4 mm. long, obtuse or emarginate, glabrous; racemes
2 to 3 em. long; calyx glabrous; petals purplish; fruit glabrous.
19. Parosela schaffneri (Hemsl.) Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 273. 1909.
Dalea schaffneri Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 7. 1878.
Known only from the type locality, Chapultepec, Distrito Federal.
Stems suffruticose, glabrous; leaflets 15 to 41, oblong or elliptic, 4 mm.
long, pilose above; racemes lax; calyx glabrous; petals purple and yellowish.
20. Parosela hegewischiana (Steud.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 57. 1919.
Dalea laxiflora Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 298. 1838. Not D. laxiflora Pursh,
1814.
Dalea hegewischiana Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 480. 1840.
?Trichopodium glandulosum Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 52. 1844.
Datlea rosea D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 4: 1017. 1847.
Parosela lasiostoma Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 305. 1905.
Parosela campylostachya Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 272. 1909.
Hidalgo to Oaxaca.
Stems slender, suffruticose, decumbent, glabrous; leaflets 13 to 35, oval or
obovate, 2 to 5 mm. long, glabrous; racemes dense, 2 to 4 cm. long; calyx glab-
rous; petals rose-purple, the banner yellowish; fruit glabrous.
21. Parosela viridiflora (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 305. 1905.
Daiea viridifiora S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 21: 448. 1886.
Chihuahua to Hidalgo; type from Santa Eulalia Mountains, Chihuahua.
Stems slender, decumbent, suffrutescent, 20 to 30 cm. long, yellowish, glabrous ;
leaflets 9 to 17 oblong-obovate, 3 to 7 mm. long, obtuse or retuse, glabrous;
racemes dense, 2 to 5 cm. long; petals greenish yellow; fruit glabrous.
22. Parosela oculata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 60. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Cerralvo, Baja California.
Low shrub; branches strigose ; leaflets 25 to 37, oblong, 5 mm. long, glabrous;
racemes 3 to 8 cm. long, dense; petals purplish blue, with a cream-colored spot
on the banner.
454 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
23. Parosela crenulata (Hook. & Arn.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 306.
1905.
Dalea crenulata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 285. 1836:
Sonora to Guerrero; type from Jalisco.
Slender shrub, sometimes 2 meters high; branches dark brown, glabrous;
leaflets 7 to 13, elliptic, 2 to 4 mm. long, crenulate, glabrous; racemes dense,
1 to 3 cm. long; petals purple; fruit glabrous. ‘‘ Malva prieta” (Sinaloa).
The slender branches are used for brooms.
24. Parosela elongata Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 306. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, Jojutla, Morelos.
Stems 0.5 to 1 meter high, glabrous; leaflets 7 to 15, oblong, 7 to 12 mm. long,
glabrous; calyx glabrous; petals purple; fruit glabrous.
25. Parosela nutans (Cav.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 306. 1905.
Psoralea nutans Cay. Icon. Pl. 3: 1. pl. 201. 1794.
Dalea nutans Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1839. 18038.
Sonora to Yucatin and Chiapas. Central America.
Stems slender, suffruticose, sometimes 3 meters high, purplish, glabrous;
leaflets 11 to 41, oblong, 5 to 10 mm. long, glabrous ; racemes lax ; calyx glabrous;
petals purple; fruit glabrous. “ Canchalagua” (Guatemala).
In Jalisco a yellow dye is obtained from the plant.
26. Parosela gracillima (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 305. 1905.
Dalea gracillima S. Wats. Proe. Amer. Acad. 22: 404. 1887.
Jalisco; type from Guadalajara.
Stems very slender, suffruticose, procumbent, reddish, glabrous, 30 to 50 em.
long; leaflets 138 to 21, oblanceolate, 1 to 4 mm. long, glabrous; racemes 2 to
6-flowered ; calyx glabrous; petals purple, the banner yellowish; fruit glabrous.
27. Parosela diffusa (Moric.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 305. 1905.
Dalea diffusa Moric. Mém. Soe. Genéve 6: 536. 18338.
Dalea gracilis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 286. 1886. Not D. gracilis
Kunth, 1824.
Dalea ramosissima Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 41. 1843.
Chihuahua and Sonora to San Luis Potosi and Guerrero. Guatemala.
Slender shrub, often a meter high; branches glabrous, purplish; leaflets 3
to 23, oblong or obovate, 2 to 5 mm, long, glabrous; racemes lax, 2 to 5-flow-
ered; calyx glabrous; petals purple, the banner usually yellowish; fruit
glabrous. ‘“Escoba larga” (Morelos, Seler) ; “rat6n,” ‘“ xolteco” (Ramirez).
As in the case of various other species, the branches are often tied together
to form coarse brooms.
28. Parosela dispansa Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 59. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, mountains near Talpa, Jalisco.
Stems slender, suffruticose, glabrous, dark brown; leaflets 9 to 13, elliptie,
3 to 5 mm. long, retuse, glabrous; racemes 1 to 2 cm. long; calyx glabrous;
petals violet or rose-purple; fruit glabrous.
29. Parosela submontana Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 306. 1905.
Chihuahua to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Plateado, Zacatecas.
Stems slender, suffruticose, 0.5 to 1.2 meters high, glabrous, purplish; leaf-
lets 31 to 41, oblong, 5 to 10 mm, long, glabrous; racemes 3 to 8 em. long,
rather dense; calyx glabrous; petals purple; fruit glabrous.
30. Parosela scandens (Mill.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 114. 1920.
Psoralea scandens Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Psoralea no. 4. 1768.
Veracruz.
alll
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 455
Glabrous shrub with brown branches; leaflets 7 or 9, elliptic, 8 to 15 mm,
long, glabrous; spikes short, globose or oblong; calyx tube nearly glabrous,
the lobes plumose; petals yellow.
81. Parosela capitulata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 113. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, in Oaxaca.
Glabrous shrub with purplish brown branches; leaflets 11 or 13, oblong, 3
to 4 mm. long, glabrous; spikes capitate; calyx tube sparsely hairy, the lobes
plumose ; petals brownish purple (when dry).
32. Parosela tehuacana Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 113. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, Tehuacfin, Puebla.
Low shrub with brown glabrous branches; leaflets obovate, 3 to 7 mm. long,
sparsely short-villous when young but soon glabrous; spikes globose; calyx
tube pilose, the lobes plumose; petals yellow, turning dark purple; fruit vil-
lous above.
33. Parosela domingensis (DC.) Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 21. 1895.
Dalea domingensis DC. Prodr. 2: 246. 1825.
Yucatin. Cuba and Hispaniola (type locality).
Shrub, 1 to 4 meters high, the branches villous; leaflets 5 to 9, oval or obo-
vate, 6 to 15 mm. long, villous on both sides; spikes becoming 2 to 4 cm. long;
calyx pubescent, the lobes plumose; petals ochroleucous, turning pink or
purple; fruit villous.
34. Parosela humilis (Mill.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 114. 1920.
Psoralea hwmilis Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Psoralea no. 7. 1768.
Dalea thyrsifiora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5:177. 1861.
Parosela thyrsifiora Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24:14. 1897.
Chihuahua to Yucatéin and Oaxaca; type from Veracruz. Texas; Guatemala.
Slender shrub with brownish villous branches ; leaflets 3 to 9, oval or obovate,
6 to 18 mm. long, retuse, short-villous; spikes short and dense; calyx pubescent,
the lobes plumose; petals yellow, turning brownish purple.
35. Parosela occidentalis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 115. 1920.
Parosela platyphylla Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 115. 1920.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Culiacin(?), Sinaloa.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches villous; leaflets 5 to 15, oval or obo-
vate, 5 to 15 mm. long, villous; spikes 1 to 3 cm. long, dense; calyx villous, the
lobes plumose; petals yellow, turning brown or purplish; fruit villous.
36. Parosela melantha (Schauer) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 108. Hho
Dalea melantha Schauer, Linnaea 20: 746. 1847.
Parosela fuscescens Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 109. 1919.
Coahuila to Veracruz and Oaxaca (type locality).
Shrub with glabrous branches; leaflets 5 to 13, cuneate, 2 to 6 mm. long,
retuse, glabrous; spikes 1 to 4 cm. long, 1 cm. thick; petals yellow; fruit pilose.
37. Parosela zimapanica (Schauer) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 109. 1920.
Dalea zimapanica Schauer, Linnaea 20: 746. 1857.
Mexico, Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Zimapan, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, with glabrous branches; leaflets 11 to 19, elliptie or
oblong, 2 to 6 mm. long, glabrous; spikes 1.5 to 3 em. long, 1.2 to 1.5 em. thick;
calyx silky-villous; petals yellow, turning purplish brown or brownish pink;
fruit villous.
This has been reported from Mexico as Dalea microphylla H. B. K.
55268—22——19
456 CONTRIBIMTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
38. Parosela diversicolor Rydb. N. Amer, Fl. 24: 109. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Clavellinas, Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 meter high or more, with glabrous branches; leaflets 13 to 35, oblong,
7 to 9 mm. long, glabrous; spikes dense, 1 to 2 em. long; calyx silky-villous, the
lobes plumose; petals yellow, turning rose and purple; fruit silky-villous.
39. Parosela caudata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 112. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, Alvarez, San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, 1 meter high or more, the branches densely villous; leaflets 13 to 17,
oblong or elliptic, 5 to 6 mm. long, villous; spikes dense, 2 to 6 em. long, 1 em.
thick; calyx silky-pilose, the lobes plumose; petals yellow, turning brownish;
fruit villous.
40. Parosela lutea Cav. Descr. Pl. 186. 1802.
Psoralea lutea Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 12. pl. 325. 1797.
Dalea ovalifolia Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 30. 1797.
Dalea lutea Willd. Sp. Pl. 8: 1841. 1808.
Nuevo Leén to Puebla. Guatemala.
Shrub, 30 to 50 cm. high, the branches densely pubescent; leaflets 15 to 21,
elliptic or oval, 4 to 6 mm. long, often retuse, pilose, sometimes glabrate on
the upper surface; spikes dense, 5 to 8 em. long, 1 cm. thick; calyx pilose, the
lobes pilose-ciliate ; petals yellow; fruit villous.
41. Parosela wardii Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 112. 1920.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type collected at San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, 30 to 60 em. high, the branches pubescent; leaflets 9 to 15, oblong,
8 to 8 mm. long, villous-canescent, obtuse; spikes dense, 2 to 3 ecm. long;
calyx silky-pilose, the lobes plumose; petals yellow, fading brownish; fruit
densely pubescent.
This has been reported as Dalea leucostoma var. and as D. cinerea Moric.
42. Parosela argyrostachya (Hook. & Arn.) Rydb. N. Amer, Fl. 24: 110. 1920.
Dalea argyrostachya Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 285. 1886.
Chihuahua to Guerrero and Chiapas; type from Jalisco.
Shrub 50 em. high or more, with glabrous branches; leaflets 15 to 21, oblong
or obovate, glabrous; spikes dense, 3 to 6 em. long, acute; calyx glabrous, the
lobes plumose; petals yellow, turning brownish; fruit pubescent above, glabrous
below.
48. Parosela botterii Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 110. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, Orizaba, Veracruz.
Stems glabrous or when young brownish-villous; leaflets 17 to 21, elliptic,
2 to 4 mm. long, glabrous; spikes dense, 3 to 5 em. long, acute; calyx sparsely
hirsute, the lobes plumose; petals rose-purple.
44. Parosela plumosa (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 106. 1906.
Dalea plumosa §. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 448, 1886.
Chihuahua, the type collected near the city of Chihuahua.
Shrub 30 to 50 cm. high, the branches finely pubescent; leaflets 11 to 17,
elliptic-obovate, 4 to 6 mm. long, minutely pilose; spikes dense, 2 to 4 cm.
long, 1 em. thick; calyx glabrous, the lobes long-pilose; petals yellow, turning
brownish; fruit pubescent.
45. Parosela painteri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 105. 1906.
Querétaro; type from San Juan del Rio.
Shrub 30 to 50 cm. high, the branches puberulent; leaflets 11 to 15, oblong,
5 mm. long, retuse, glabrous above, minutely pubescent beneath; spikes 2 to 3
em. long; calyx glabrous, the lobes long-pilose; petals yellow, turning brownish
purple; fruit densely pubescent.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 457
46. Parosela atrocyanea Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 111. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Low shrub with strigose branches; leaflets 9 to 17, oblong or obovate, 4 to 7
mm. long, glabrous above, strigose beneath; spikes dense, 1.5 to 3.5 em. long,
1 em. thick; calyx tube nearly glabrous, the lobes ciliate; petals at first yel-
low (?), turning dark blue, the banner wholly or partly yellow; fruit pubescent
above, glabrous below.
47. Parosela gigantea Rose; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 110. 1920.
Michoacin and Puebla; type from Tarascon, Michoacan.
Shrub, 2 to 5 meters high, the branches villous; leaflets 11 to 17, oval or
obovate, 6 to 10 mm. long, pilose; spikes 3 to 6 cm. long, 1 cm. thick, dense,
acute; calyx tube glabrous, the lobes long-pilose; petals yellow, turning black-
ish; fruit sparsely pilose.
48. Parosela macrostachya (Moric.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 273.
1909.
Dalea macrostachya Moric. Mém. Soc. Genéve 6: 543. pl. 5. 1833.
Dalea leucostoma Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 294. 1838.
Hidalgo.
Shrub, 0.3 to 1 meter high, the branches at first pubescent, becoming glabrate ;
leaflets 17 to 25, oblong or elliptic, 5 to 7 mm. long, glabrous above, pilose be-
neath; spikes 2 to 4 cm. long; petals yellow; fruit sericeous.
49. Parosela crassifolia (Hemsl.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 272. 1909.
Dalea crassifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 288. 1880.
Sinaloa and Jalisco; type from the Sierra Madre of Sinaloa or Durango.
Shrub, 50 ecm. high or more, with long glabrous branches; leaflets oblong, 3
to 4 mm. long, fleshy, glabrous; spikes dense, 2 to 3 em. long; calyx tube silky-
pilose, the lobes plumose; petals pale pink or nearly white; fruit densely pilose
above.
50. Parosela roseiflora Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 105. 1920.
Type from the Sierra Madre of Durango or Sinaloa.
Plants glabrous, 40 cm. high or more; leaflets 25 to 41, elliptic. 5 mm. long,
obtuse; spikes dense, 2 cm. long; calyx tube sericeous, the lobes plumose; petals
rose; fruit silky-villous.
51. Parosela longifolia Rose; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 105. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, between Altenguilla and Jacala, Jalisco.
Stems glabrous, 1 meter high or more; leaflets 31 to 37, oval, 3 to 4 mm. long,
glabrous; spikes dense, 2 to 3 cm. long, 1 em. thick; calyx tube silky-pilose; ban-
ner yellowish, the other petals light rose; fruit sericeous.
52. Parosela saffordii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 273. 1909.
Coahuila (type locality) and Durango.
Low shrub with glabrous branches; leaflets 9 to 13, oblanceolate or obovate,
2 to 3 mm. long, glabrous; calyx tube pilose; petals rose-colored ; pod pubescent.
53. Parosela formosa (Torr.) Vail, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 14: 34. 1894.
Dalea formosa Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 177. 1827.
Chihuahua and Sonora. Colorado to Texas and Arizona; type from the
Platte River, Colorado.
Crooked shrub, 0.3 to 1 meter high, with glabrous branches; leaflets 7 or 9,
oblong-spatulate, 1.5 to 2 mm. long. glabrous; calyx tube pilose, the lobes
plumose; petals purple-rose; fruit pilose.
A very handsome shrub when in flower.
458 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
54. Parosela purpusi (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 106.
1906.
Dalea purpusi T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 2. 1899.
Baja California; type from Calmalli.
Densely branched shrub, 30 to 40 cm. high, the branches glabrous or strigil-
lose; leaflets 3 or 5, obovate, 4 to 6 mm. long, strigose; spikes 1.5 cm. long;
calyx tube sericeous, the lobes plumose; petals pink; fruit sericeous.
55. Parosela brandegei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 106. 1906.
Dalea ramosissima Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 11. 1844. Not D. ramosissima
Mart. & Gal. 1848.
Parosela ramosissima Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 6. 1900.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Shrub with reddish glabrous branches; leaflets 11 or 18, obovate, 2 to 5 mm.
long, obtuse or retuse, glabrous; spikes dense, 3 to 5 cm. long, 1 cm. thick;
ealyx densely pilose; petals rose-colored; fruit sparsely pilose.
56. Parosela smithii Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 106. 1920.
Oaxaca to Hidalgo; type from Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca.
Slender shrub about 1 meter high, the stems glabrous; leaflets 18 to 21,
oblong, 5 to 8 mm. long, obtuse, glabrous; spikes dense, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, 1 em.
thick; calyx densely sericeous; petals rose-purple; fruit densely sericeous above.
57. Parosela glabrescens Rydb. N. Amer Fl. 24: 106. 1920.
San Luis Potosi.
Slender shrub 50 em. high or taller, the stems glabrous or slightly pubescent ;
leaflets 15 to 21, elliptic, acute or obtuse, sparsely pilose at first; spikes dense,
1.5 to 3 ecm. long, 1 em. thick; calyx silky-pilose; petals pale rose or nearly
white.
58. Parosela lasiostachya (Benth.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 107.
1906.
Dalea lasiostachya Benth. Pl. Hartw. 11. 1839.
Dry hillsides, Mexico and Puebla.
Slender shrub, 1 meter high, with reddish glabrous branches; leafiets 13 to
17, oblong or linear-oblong, 3 to 6 mm. long, glabrous; spikes 2 to 4 em. long,
1.5 em, thick; calyx silky-villous; petals rose or purple; fruit densely villous.
59. Parosela involuta Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 107. 1920.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Slender shrub, 1 meter high or more, with glabrous branches ; leaflets 11 to
15, linear, 3 to 5 mm. long, glabrous; spikes dense, 2 to 4 cm. long, 1 cm. thick;
calyx densely silky-pilose; petals pale rose or pink, or at first whitish; fruit
densely pubescent.
60. Parosela eriophylla (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 106. 1906.
Dalea eriophylla S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 17: 340. 1822.
Coahuila; type from the Sierra Madre, 40 miles south of Saltillo.
Shrub, 10 to 20 cm. high, with tomentose branches; leaflets 3, oblong or
obovate-oblong, 3 mm. long, densely white-villous; spikes sessile, headlike; calyx
densely villous; petals rose-colored.
61. Parosela greggii (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 6. 1900.
Dalea greggii A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 5: 314, 1854.
Parosela leucosericea Rydb."N. Amer. Fl. 24: 104. 1920.
Sonora to San Luis Potosi, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Buena Vista,
Coahuila. Arizona.
Low shrub with tomentose-sericeous branches; leaflets 5 to 11, obovate or
oval, 3 to 10 mm. long, densely sericeous-tomentose; spikes dense, 1 to 3 ecm.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 459
long, 1 cm. thick; calyx silky-villous; petals rose-colored, or the banner yellow-
ish; fruit densely villous above.
62. Parosela oaxacana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 104. 1906.
Oaxaca; type from Sierra de San Felipe.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with finely soft-pubescent branches; leaflets 13 to
81, narrowly oblong, 6 to 9 mm. long, finely pubescent when young; spikes dense,
1 to 3 cm. long, 1 cm. thick; calyx silky-pubescent; petals rose-purple; fruit
sparsely pubescent above.
63. Parosela tsugoides Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 102. 1920.
Oaxaca; type from the Valley of Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Shrub, 1 meter high, with finely villous reddish branches; leaflets 13 to 23,
oblong, 2 to 3 mm. long, pubescent; spikes 2 to 3 cm. long, 1 em. thick; calyx
densely pilose; petals dark purple; fruit pubescent.
64. Parosela versicolor (Zuce.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 102. 1920.
Dalea versicolor Zuce. Flora 15°: Beibl. 1: 69. 1832.
Oaxaca and Chiapas.
Shrub, 1 meter high, with villous branches; leaflets 15 to 21, oblong, 4 to 7 mm.
long, glabrous above, finely pubescent beneath; spikes 3 to 5 cm. long, 1.5 cm.
thick; calyx pilose; banner white or ochroleucous, the other petals rose-purple ;
fruit densely pubescent.
65. Parosela sessilis (A. Gray) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 104. 1920.
Dalea wislizeni sessilis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 16: 105. 1880.
Sonora to Durango. New Mexico (type locality) and Arizona.
Shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high, with finely puberulent branches; leaflets 18 to 21,
’ oblong, 2 to 3 mm. long, densely pubescent beneath, sparsely pilose or glabrate
above; spikes 1 to 2.5 em. long; calyx densely pilose; banner white or yellow-
ish, the other petals rose colored; fruit densely pubescent.
66. Parosela megalostachys Rose; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 102. 1920.
Baja California; type from San Hsteban.
Shrub, 1 meter high or more, with villous branches; leaflets 7 to 13, obovate,
8 to 10 mm. long, densely sericeous; spikes dense, 3 to 5 em. long, 1.2 to 1.5 em.
thick ; calyx densely silky-pilose; petals rose-colored; fruit villous.
67. Parosela wislizeni (A. Gray) Vail, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 14: 34. 1894.
Dalea wislizeni A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 4: 32. 1849.
Chihuahua to Durango and Guanajuato; type from the Sierra Madre west of
Chihuahua.
Shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high, with villous-canescent branches; leaflets 15 to 28,
oblong, 3 to 6 mm. long. obtuse, densely villous-sericeous; spikes dense, 2 to 5
em. long; calyx silky-villous; petals light rose or nearly white; fruit densely
villous.
68. Parosela sanctae-crucis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 103. 1920.
Sonora and Chihuahua; type from Santa Cruz, Sonora. Arizona.
Shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high, with short-pubescent branches; leaflets 13 to 15,
oblong, 3 to 5 mm. long, short-pubescent beneath, pilose or glabrate above;
spikes dense, 1 to 2 em. long; calyx densely pilose; petals rose colored; fruit
pilose above.
69. Parosela leucantha Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 103. 1920.
Tepic and Jalisco; type collected in Tepic.
Shrub, 1 meter high, with finely short-pubescent branches; leaflets lance-
oblong, 2 to 4 mm. long, acute, short-pubescent; spikes dense, 2 to 7 em. long;
calyx pilose; petals white; fruit densely pubescent above.
460 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
70. Parosela benthami (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Dalea benthami T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 148. 1889.
Dalea megacarpa biuncifera Greene; Vasey & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1:
15. 1890.
Psorobatus benthami Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 40. 1919.
Islands of the west coast of Baja California; type from Santa Margarita
Island.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, with white-tomentose branches covered with
orange or brown glands; leaflets 7 to 11, suborbicular, 4 to 8 mm. long, white-
tomentose; spikes 2 to 6 em. long; calyx tomentose; petals pale yellow; fruit
tomentose.
71. Parosela megacarpa (S. Wats.) Standl.
Dalea megacarpa S. Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 20: 359. 1885.
Psorobatus megacarpus Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 41. 1919.
Sonora (type locality) and Baja California.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, with white-tomentose branches; leaflets 9 to 13,
suborbicular, 5 to 8 mm. long, white-tomentose; spikes 5 to 15 em. long, nearly
1 cm. thick; calyx tomentose; petals yellow, turning brown; fruit tomentose,
1 em. long.
72. Parosela acutifolia (DC.) Rose, Bot. Gaz. 40: 144. 1905.
Dalea acutifolia DC. Prodr. 2: 245, 1825.
Morelos and Guerrero; type from Sierra Chilapa, Guerrero.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, with glabrous branches; leaflets 7 to 11, elliptie or
oval, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, cuspidate, glabrous; spikes rather lax, 5 to 15 cm. long;
calyx silky-villous; petals at first greenish yellow, turning dark reddish purple;
fruit silky-villous.
73. Parosela capitata (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 272. 1909.
Dalea capitata S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 25: 146. 1890.
Chihuahua and Coahuila to San Luis Potosi; type from Carneros Pass,
Coahuila.
Shrub, 30 to 50 em. high, with finely puberulent branches; leaflets 5 to 9,
obovate, 2 to 3 mm. long, emarginate; spikes dense, 1 to 3 em. long; calyx seri-
ceous; petals yellow; fruit finely pubescent.
74. Parosela quinqueflora (T. S. Brandeg.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 84. 1920.
Dalea quinqueflora T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 180. 1911.
San Luis Potosi; type from Buena Vista.
Low shrub with glabrous branches; leaflets 5 or 7, cuneate-oblong, 3 mm.
long; spikes headlike, 3 to 7-flowered ; calyx sericeous; petals yellow.
75. Parosela lloydii Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 84. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, Cedros, Zacatecas.
Low shrub with glabrous branches; leaflets 7 or 9, cuneate-oblong, 3 mm. long,
glabrous; spikes 2 to 7-flowered; petals yellow.
76. Parosela mucronata (DC.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 103, 1906.
Dalea mucronata DC. Prodr. 2: 246. 1825.
Jalisco and elsewhere in central Mexico.
Stems suffruticose, 0.5 to 1 meter high, glabrous; leaflets 7 to 27, elliptic,
glabrous, cuspidate ; spikes dense, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, 1 cm. thick; calyx glabrous;
petals white; fruit glabrous.
77. Parosela lumholtzii (Robins. & Fern.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 117.
1899.
Dalea lumholtzii Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 30: 115, 1894.
Parosela arizonica Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 14. 1897.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 461
Sonora; type from Los Pinitos. Arizona.
Stems suffruticose, puberulent; leaflets 17 to 27, linear, 4 to 6 mm, long,
obtuse, glabrous or sparsely sericeous when young; spikes dense, 1 cm. long or
less; calyx sparsely sericeous; petals white; fruit densely pubescent above.
78.. Parosela eysenhardtioides (Hemsl.) Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 104.
1906.
Dalea eysenhardtioides Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 6. 1878.
Michoacin to Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca.
Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high, with finely puberulent branches; leaflets 7 to 13,
oblong-obovate or oblong-oblanceolate, 1 to 2 cm, long, mucronate; spikes dense,
1 to 3 cm. long, 6 to 7 mm. thick; petals white; fruit puberulent.
79. Parosela leucostachys (A. Gray) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 104.
1906.
Dalea leucostachys A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 4: 32. 1849.
Chihuahua, Durango, and Jalisco; type from Cosihuiriachic, Chihuahua.
Shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high, with puberulent or short-villous branches; leaflets
5 to 9, oblanceolate or obovate, obtuse or retuse; spikes 1 to 3 em. long; calyx
puberulent ; petals white; fruit pubescent.
80. Parosela frutescens (A. Gray) Vail; Rose, Contr. 'U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 3803.
1905.
Dalea frutescens A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 175. 1850.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leén. Texas (type from Guadalupe River)
and New Mexico.
Slender shrub, 1 meter high or less, with glabrous branches; leaflets 13 to
17, obovate, 3 to 8 mm. long, retuse, glabrous; spikes dense, about 1 em. long;
calyx tube glabrous; petals purple; fruit glabrous.
81. Parosela hospes Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 272. 1909.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; type collected near Monterrey, Nuevo Leon.
Slender shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, glabrous throughout, the branches pur-
plish; leaflets 5 or 7, oblong or cuneate, 6 to 10 mm. long; spikes lax, 2 to 4
em. long, 5 to 12-flowered ; petals creamy white to pale purple; fruit sericeous.
82. Parosela pilosissima Rydb. N. Amer. Fl, 24: 91. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, near the city of Durango.
Shrub, 20 to 40 cm. high, the branches purplish, puberulent when young;
leaflets 9 to 15, elliptic or oval, 2 to 4 mm. long, glabrous above, pilose be-
neath; spikes dense, 1 to 3 cm. long; calyx pubescent; petals blue; fruit
slightly pubescent.
83. Parosela emoryi (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 6. 1900.
Dalea emoryi A, Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. IT. 5: 315. 1854.
Psorothamnus emoryi Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 47, 1919.
Sonora and Baja California. Arizona (type from the Gila River) and south-
ern California.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with white-velvety branches dotted with red or
orange glands; leaflets 1 to 18, linear-oblong to obovate, 5 to 20 mm. long,
white-velutinous; spikes dense, 1.2 to 1.5 em. thick, 10 to 20-flowered; petals
dark blue; fruit villous above.
This and related species were used by the Indians to dye baskets, giving
a yellow or yellowish brown color. -
84. Parosela scoparia (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 7. 1900.
Dalea scoparia A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 4: 32. 1849.
Psorothamnus scoparius Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 48. 1919.
462 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
On sandhills, Chihuahua and Coahuila. New Mexico; type from the Jornada
del Muerto.
Shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high, with erect canescent branches; leaves 1 em. long
or less, linear or oblanceolate, canescent; spikes 1.2 to 1.5 em. thick; calyx
white-villous; petals dark blue; fruit pubescent.
85. Parosela juncea (Rydb.) Standl.
Psorothamnus junceus Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 48. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Esperanza Canyon, San Pedro Ma&rtir
Mountains, Baja California.
Shrub with glabrous branches; leaflets 1 to 5, oblong or narrowly oblanceo-
late, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, glabrous; spikes subglobose, 1 em. thick; petals dark
blue.
86. Parosela tinctoria (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Dalea tinctoria T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 147. 1889.
Psorothamnus tinctorius Rydb. N. Amer. Il. 24: 47. 1919.
Baja California; type from San Gregorio.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with gray branches; leaflets 3 or 5, 4 to 10 mm.
long; spikes subglobose, 1 em. thick; calyx villous; petals dark blue.
87. Parosela dentata (Rydb.) Standl.
Psorothamnus dentatus Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 47. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Santo Domingo, Baja California.
Shrub with velutinous-canescent branches; leaflets 9 to 17, 1 to 2 em. long,
canescent; spikes subglobose, 1 cm. thick; petals dark blue.
88. Parosela arenaria (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Dalea tinctoria arenaria T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 147. 1889.
Psorothamnus arenarius Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 47. 1919.
Southern Baja California; type from Boea de Soledad.
Shrub, the branches glabrous or nearly so; leaflets 5 to 9, 1 to 3.5 em. long,
sparsely canescent; spikes short, 1 em. thick; calyx silky-villous; petals blue;
fruit pubescent.
89. Parosela pectinata (Kunth) Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 104. 1906.
Dalea pectinata Kunth, Mimos,. Pl. Légum. 169. pl. 49. 1819.
Durango, Jalisco, and San Luis Potosi; type from Villapando.
Stems suffruticose, 0.5 to 1 meter high, glabrous; leaflets 41 to 65, linear, 2 to
4 mm. long, glabrous; spikes dense, 2 to 3 em. long, 1 em. thick; calyx silky-
villous; petals blue or bluish purple; fruit short-villous.
90. Parosela abietifolia Rose; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 92. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, mountains above Etzatlin, Jalisco.
Stems suffruticose, 30 to 40 cm. high, villous-tomentose; leaflets 31 to 35, 5
to 8 mm. long, short-villous; spikes 1 to 3 em. long; calyx densely silky-villous;
petals rose-purple; fruit densely villous.
91. Parosela tomentosa (Cav.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 273. 1909.
Psoralea tomentosa Cav. Icon. Pl. 3:21. pl. 240. 1794.
Dalea tomentosa Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1841. 1808.
Dalea verbenacea Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 579. 1830.
Dalea argentea Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 225. 1882.
Tepic and Jalisco to Veracruz and Guerrero.
Shrub, 1 meter high, with villous branches; leaflets 3 to 7, obovate, 8 to 12
mm. long, acute or mucronate, silky-villous ; spikes dense, 1 to 3 em. long, acute;
calyx villous; petals purple or pink; fruit pubescent above.
92. Parosela psoraleoides (Moric.) Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 104. 1906.
Dalea verbenacea sericea Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 579. 1830.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 463
Dalea psoraleoides Moric. Mém. Soc. Genéve 6: 533. pl. 4. 1833.
Jalisco to Veracruz and Guerrero; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos. Guate-
mala.
Shrub, 0.5 to 1.2 meters high, with villous branches; leaflets 5 to 9, oblong-
obovate or elliptic, 5 to 10 mm. long, cuspidate, white-sericeous; spikes dense,
1 to 4 em. long, 8 mm. thick; calyx villous; banner yellowish, the other petals
pink, turning yellowish; fruit hairy at the summit.
98. Parosela hemsleyana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 104. 1906.
Dalea ramosissima Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 245. 1880. Not D.
ramosissima Mart. & Gal. 1843.
San Luis Potosi.
Shrub with glabrous branches; leaflets 9 to 15, oblong, 2 to 3 mm. long, obtuse,
glabrous; spikes subcapitafe; calyx sericeous; banner ochroleucous, the other
petals purple; fruit densely pubescent.
94. Parosela trochilina (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 104.
1906.
Dalea trochilina T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 200. 1892.
Southern Baja California ; type from La Chuparosa.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches glabrous; leaflets 7 to 15, obovate,
3 to 5 mm. long, glabrous; spikes dense, 1 to 2 cm. long; calyx sericeous ; banner
ochroleucous, the other petals purple; fruit pubescent.
95. Parosela minutifolia Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 87. 1920.
Zacatecas to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Pachuca, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 50 em. high, with glabrous branches; leaflets 7 or 9, 1 to 2 mm. long,
glabrous; spikes 1 to 1.5 cm. long; calyx densely silky-pilose; banner ochroleu-
cous, the other petals purple; fruit silky-villous.
96. Parosela naviculifolia (Hemsl.) Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 104.
1906.
Dalea naviculifolia Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 7. 1878.
Oaxaca.
Shrub, 30 to 50 em. high, with puberulent branches; leaflets 11 to 21, oblong,
2 to 3 mm. long, obtuse, puberulent above; spikes dense, 1 to 3 em. long, 8 mm.
thick; calyx puberulent ; banner white or ochroleucous, the other petals purple;
fruit puberulent above.
97. Parosela argyrea (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 5. 1900.
Dalea argyrea A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 47. 1852.
Chihuahua and Nuevo Le6n. Texas (type from San Pedro River) and New
Mexico.
Shrub, 0.3 to 1 meter high, with tomentose branches; leaflets 7 to 13,
obovate, 5 to 8 mm. long, sericeous; spikes dense, 1 to 2.5 cm. long; calyx silky-
villous; banner yellowish, fading purplish, the other petals purple; fruit silky-
villous.
98. Parosela seemanni (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 106. 1906.
? Dalea ehrenbergii Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 290. 1838.
Dalea seemanni S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 470, 1887.
Baja California to Zacatecas, Mexico, and Hidalgo; type from the Sierra
Madre (Durango 2).
Shrub, 50 cm. high or more, the branches finely pubescent; leaflets 7 to 11,
obovate or cuneate-oblong, sericeous; spikes rather dense, 2 to 5 em. long;
calyx long-villous; banner yellowish, the other petals purple.
99. Parosela tuberculata (Lag.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 104. 1906.
Dalea tuberculata Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 23. 1816.
464 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Dalea thymoides Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 580. 1830.
Dalea verrucosa Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 225. 1832.
? Dalea comosa Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 289. 1838.
Chihuahua and Coahuila to Mexico and Puebla.
Shrub, 50 em. high or more, the branches densely short-pubescent; leaflets
5 to 11, oblong or obovate, 4 to 8 mm. long, short-pubescent, sometimes
glabrate above; spikes 2 to 15 em. long; calyx short-pubescent; banner yel-
lowish, the other petals purple; fruit pubescent. “ Engorda-cabras” (Du-
rango, Paton).
100. Parosela canescens (Mart. & Gal.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 105.
1906.
Dalea canescens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 43. 1848.
Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacan, Puebla.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with finely canescent branches; leaflets 3 to 7,
obovate, 4 to 10 mm. long, canescent, sometimes glabrate on the upper surface ;
spikes 2 to 10 cm. long; calyx short-pubescent; banner ochroleucous, the other
petals purple; fruit pubescent. u
101. Parosela conzattii Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 89. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro San Antonio, Oaxaca.
Low shrub with puberulent branches; leaflets 17 to 31, linear-oblong, 4 to 5
mm. long, glabrous above, puberulent beneath; spikes 2 cm. long; calyx pubes-
cent; petals rose-purple. :
102. Parosela tuberculina Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 89. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Low shrub with puberulent branches; leaflets 7 to 11, obovate, 4 to 5 mm.,_
long, retuse, glabrous above, puberulent beneath; spikes dense, 1.5 to 3 em.
long; calyx short-pilose; banner yellowish, the other petals rose-purple; fruit
densely pubescent. €
103. Parosela fulvosericea Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 89. 1920.
Vicinity of San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, 50 em. high, with villous branches; leaflets 7 or 9, obovate, 4 to 10 mm.
long, retuse, sericeous; spikes dense, 2 to 3 em. long; calyx sericeous; banner
yellowish, the other petals rose-purple ; fruit densely pubescent.
104. Parosela dorycnoides (DC.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 90. 1920.
Dalea dorycnoides DC. Prodr. 2: 245. 1825.
Dalea pulchella Moric. Mém. Soc. Genéve 7: 249. pl. 7. 1836. Not D. pulchella
Don, 1882.
? Dalea argentea Mart. Del. Sem. Hort. Monac. 1846. Not. D. argentea Don,
1832.
Parosela pulchella Heller, Cat. N. Amer, Pl. ed. 2. 6. 1900.
San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo.
Shrub, 50 cm. high or more, with tomentose branches; leaflets 5 or 7, obovate,
3 to 8 mm. long, retuse, silky-canescent; spikes headike, 1 to 2 cm, long; calyx
villous; banner ochroleucous, the other petals purple; fruit pubescent.
105. Parosela polycephala (Benth.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 90. 1920.
Dalea polycephala Benth.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 244, hyponym.
1880.
San Luis Potosi.
Low shrub with puberulent branches; leaflets 5 to 9, obovate, 2 mm. long or
less, puberulent; spikes subglobose; calyx villous; banner yellowish, the other
petals rose-purple; fruit pubescent.
rh te
“
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 465
106. Parosela decora (Schauer) Rydb. N. Amer. FI. 24: 90. 1920.
Dalea decora Schauer, Linnaea 20: 743. 1847.
Oaxaca.
Shrub, 0.3 to 1 meter high, with tomentose branches; leaflets 3 to 7, oblong
or obovate, 2 to 5 mm. long, obtuse or retuse, villous-tomentose; spikes dense,
headlike, 1 to 1.5 em. long; calyx villous; banner white or ochroleucous, the
other petals purple; fruit pubescent.
For a list of doubtful species of the genus see Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 24: 116.
1920.
14. HARPALYCE DC. Prodr. 2: 523. 1825.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves odd-pinnate, the leaflets rather large, with
numerous yellowish or reddish glands on the lower surface; flowers large, race-
mose; fruit short and broad, bivalvate.
The writer is skeptical concerning the validity of the species listed below.
They are separated usually by characters which would be considered of little
value in other genera of the family and are represented by very few specimens.
The name “ balché-ceh ” is said by Seler to be applied to some species of the
genus in Yucatan.
Leaflets glabrous on the upper surface, even when young____-~- 1. H. goldmani.
Leaflets sericeous or puberulent on the upper surface, at least when young.
Venation of the lower surface of the leaflets prominent and reticulate.
Leaflets acutish or obtuse; valves of the fruit very thick and hard.
2. H. mexicana.
Leaflets rounded and shallowy retuse at apex; valves of the fruit thin.
3. H. pringlei.
Venation of the leaflets neither prominent nor reticulate.
Leaflets oval or rounded-oval, finally glabrate beneath, retuse at apex.
4. H. arborescens.
Leaflets oblong, copiously sericeous beneath, scarcely or not at all retuse at
apex.
Leaflets 7 De ee re ee ee ee ae 5. H. loeseneriana.
AFC BEETS slp cli prep eee pita bee an he ee D 6. H. macrobotrya.
‘ 1. Harpalyce goldmani Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 313. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, Canjob, Chiapas.
Leaflets 17 to 21, oblong or oblong-ovate, obtuse; racemes mostly longer than
the leaves, the flowers large.
2. Harpalyce mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 42. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, near Bolafios, Jalisco.
Small tree; leaflets 11 or 13, 4 to 7.5 em. long; fruit 5.5 cm. long, 2.5 em.
wide, glabrous; seeds 10 to 14 mm. long, brown, lustrous.
3. Harpalyce pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 42. 1903.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Shrub, 0.3 to 1.8 meters high; leaflets about 11, 1.8 to 4 em. long; fruit about
8 cm. long and 2.5 em. wide.
4. Harpalyce arborescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 178. 1862.
Brongniartia retusa Benth.; Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 8. 1878.
Brongniartia hidalgensis Taub. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 613. 1895.
Harpalyce retusa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 43. 1903.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Hidalgo; type collected near Tantoyuca,
Veracruz.
Shrub or small tree; leaflets 7 to 11, 2 to 5 em. long.
466 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Harpalyce loeseneriana Taub. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 612. 1895.
Harpalyce ferruginea T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 234. 1906.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Mitla, Oaxaca.
Leaflets 2 to 4.5 em. long; flowers 2.5 cm. long; fruit 8.5 cm. long, 3 ¢m.
wide.
6. Harpalyce macrobotrya Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 51: 22. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, Distrito de Comitéin, Chiapas.
Leaflets 2 em. long or shorter; flowers 2 cm. long, red.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
HARPALYCE FORMOSA DC, Prodr. 2: 523. 1825. This, the type of the genus,
was based upon one of Mocifio and Sessé’s drawings, but the tracing of
the drawing seen by the writer is so imperfect that it is impossible to tell
what species is represented. It may be the same as H. pringlei Rose.
15. BRONGNIARTIA H. B. K. Novy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 465. 1823.
Unarmed shrubs, usually small, with odd-pinnate leaves; flowers usually
large, axillary, and long-pedunculate,
The plants vary greatly in pubescence at different stages of growth. Leaves
that are densely sericeous at first may be almost glabrous when fully de
veloped.
Stipules semireniform or semisagittate, much produced below the point of
insertion.
Leaflets 3 or 5; bracts longer than peduncles________-___ 1. B. inconstans.
Leaflets more than 5; bracts usually shorter than the peduncles.
Young branches pilose with soft spreading hairs.
Corolla about) 2'ov Gm ONS see ee es ee ee ee 2. B. lunata.
Corolla aboutel> Cit, 1ON Ge oes a ee ee ee 3. B. nudifiora.
Young branches glabrous or with appressed hairs.
Leaflets mostly 2.5 to 5 em long= 22> =. se ee 4: B. podalyrioides.
healets mostly? to 2:orem: Tone eee 5. B. mollicula.
Stipules oval to linear, not produced below the point of insertion.
Leaflets linear, less than 1 mm wide_____________-______ 6. B. minutifolia.
Leaflets oblong or broader, much wider.
Young branches glabrous or practically so.
Flowers about 2 em. long; leaflets 1 to 2 em. long_________ 7. B. diffusa.
Flowers about 3 cm. long; leaflets 2 to 4 em. long______-_ 8. B. glabrata.
Young branches copiously pubescent.
Leaflets 3 or 5. .
Leaflets 5, rounded or obtuse at apex, thin-_____-_-_____ 9. B. suberea.
Leaflets usually 3, emarginate, subcoriaceous__~_-~_~ 10. B. trifoliata.
Leaflets 7 or more in all or most of the leaves.
Bractlets subtending the flowers glabrous.
Leaflets glabrous; bractlets cordate at base_----__ 11. B. foliolosa.
Leaflets sericeous beneath when young; bractlets not cordate at
el: es ee ee ee ee ee ee 12. B. magnibracteata.
Bractlets pilose or sericeous.
IMULAGeG RELY DULOSG 2 = ee ee 13. B. lasiocarpa.
Fruit glabrous.
Bracts at anthesis as long as the calyx______---_ 14. B. lupinoides.
Bracts at anthesis much shorter than the calyx.
Calyx glabrous.
Leaflets acute, 2.5 to 5 mm. wide____________ 15. B. parvifolia.
ae
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 467
Leaflets rounded or obtuse at apex, 5 to 17 mm. wide.
Leafiets reticulate-veined, subcordate at base.
16. B. discolor.
Leaflets not reticulate-veined, rounded or obtuse at base.
Leaflets 14 to 17 mm. wide, broadly rounded or retuse at
ESS Cae, ae A epee SRR er ae aii Sd 17. B. luisana.
Leaflets 5 to 8S mm. wide, obtuse at apex.
18. B. peninsularis.
Calyx copiously pilose or sericeous.
Venation of the lower surface of the leaflets very prominent
nd closply.relicnlate...:2. two. 2 mt. 19. B. parryi.
Venation of the leaflets neither very prominent nor closely
reticulate.
Pubescence of the peduncles retrorse_____ 20. B. goldmanii.
Pubescence of the peduncles spreading, ascending, or ap-
pressed.
Coroliar2-7-to 3.enk, long 2242 222 aes 21. B. benthamiana.
Corolla less than 2.5 em. long.
eafiets 6 to. Lt mm. lone 22. B. vicioides.
Leaflets 14 to 50 mm. long__________ 23. B. intermedia.
1. Brongniartia inconstans S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 404. 1887.
Jalisco and Michoacan; type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Glabrous shrub about a meter high; stipules very large, resembling the
leaflets, these 1.2 to 5.5 cm. long, coriaceous, reticulate-veined, glaucescent be-
neath; flowers 3 em. long, yellowish brown, turning purple.
2. Brongniartia lunata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 194. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, east of Huasemote, Durango.
Leaflets 7 to 11, oval, 4 to 6 cm, long. -
3. Brongniartia nudiflora S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 146. 1890.
Brongniartia palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 97. 1891.
Sonora to Jalisco; type from hills near Guadalajara.
Shrub, 45 to 90 em. high; leaflets 7 to 15, 2.5 to 6 ecm. long, copiously pilose,
reticulate-veined ; flowers purplish. ‘“‘ Haba de barranca” (Jalisco).
4. Brongniartia podalyrioides H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 468. pl. 588. 1823.
? Brongniartia bilabiata Micheli. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 248.
pl. 1. 1908.
Sonora to Guerrero and Morelos; type collected near La Punta de Ixtla,
between Tasco and Cuernavaca, Morelos, altitude 900 meters.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaflets about 11, elliptie or oval, glabrate in
age; flowers 2.5 cm. long; fruit 2.5 cm. wide or narrower, glabrous, glaucescent.
B. galegoides Presl,7 probably a Mexican plant, is closely related to this
species.
5. Brongniartia mollicula T. S. Brandeg. Uniy. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 380. 1909.
Oaxaca and Puebla; type from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Leaflets 7 or 9, oval or suborbicular, bright green; flowers 2 to 2.5 em. long.
6. Brongniartia minutifolia S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 360. 1885.
Brongniartia minutifolia canescens S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 23: 271. 1888.
Chihuahua. Western Texas; type from Chisos Mountains.
Shrub, 0.38 to 1 meter high; leaflets numerous, linear, 2 to 4 mm, long;
flowers 1 cm. long; fruit 1.5 em. long, 1 em. wide.
The Chihuahua plant is B. minutifolia canescens.
*Symb. Bot. 2: 21. pl. 67. 1833.
468 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Brongniartia diffusa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 194. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, between Pedro Paulo and San Blascito,
Tepie.
Slender shrub, about a meter high; leaflets 7 to 19, oval or rounded-oval,
bright green; flowers purplish, 2 cm. long; fruit glabrous.
8. Brongniartia glabrata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 238. 1836.
Brongniartia bracteolata Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34:
249. pl. 2. 1908.
Sinaloa to Guerrero.
Slender shrub, 2 meters high or less, with green branches; leaflets 5 to 11,
elliptic to suborbicular, bright green, glabrate; flowers 2.5 cm. long or larger;
fruit 7 to § cm. long, 1.5 em. wide. ‘ Hierba de vibora” (Sinaloa).
Bark and leaves used in Sinaloa as a remedy for rattlesnake bites.
It is possible that B. bracteolata is a distinct species, but the material at
hand does not show any important differences.
9. Brongniartia suberea Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 134. pl. 13. 1897.
Known only from Acapulco, Guerrero, the type locality.
Shrub, 2.5 to 3.5 meters high, the young branches often with thick corky
ridges; flowers brownish or purplish.
B. mollis H. B. K.,* the type from Quebrada de Zopilote, between Zumpango
and Tasco, is closely related and may be the same species. The only difference
is found in the larger number of leafiets (9 to 11) in the species earlier
described.
10. Brongniartia trifoliata T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 105. 1901.
Southern Baja California.
Spreading shrub, 2 to 4 meters high; leaflets 2.5 to 5.5 em. long and nearly
as wide, pale; fruit about 3.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide.
11. Brongniartia foliolosa Benth.; Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 7. 1878.
Hidalgo and Puebla; type from Zimapaén, Hidalgo.
Slender shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaflets about 25, oval, 4 to 10 mm.
long, bright green, thick; fruit glabrous.
12. Brongniartia magnibracteata Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 338. 18388.
Veracruz and probably elsewhere; type from San Bartolo.
Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets about 33, oblong or oval, 1 to 2
em. long, bright green; flowers purplish, nearly 2 em. long; fruit glabrous,
4 cm. long, 1.8 cm. wide.
Judging from the description, B. stipitata Hemsl.? is closely related to this
species, if not synonymous with it. 1
18. Brongniartia lasiocarpa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 268. 1909.
Puebla; type from Tehuacan.
Shrub, 30 to 40 cm. high or larger; leaflets 15 to 19, broadly oval, 4 to 7 mm.
long, thick, bright green, pilose, reticulate-veined flowers 1.5 cm. long.
14. Brongniartia lupinoides (H. B. K.) Standl.
Peraltea lupinoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 471. pl. 589. 1823.
Peraltea oryphyWa DC. Mém. Léguin. 463, 1825.
Brongniartia thermoides Spreng.; Steud. Nom. Bot. 1: 230. 1840.
Brongniartia oryphylla Hens). Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 254. 18890.
Guanajuato to Guerrero and Oaxaca; type collected between Chilpancingo and
Zuinpango, Guerrero.
* Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 467. pl. 587. 1823.
? Diag. Pl. Mex. 8. 1878.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 469
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaflets about 17, oblong or oval, 2 to 4 em. long,
densely sericeous, at least when young; flowers purple, 2.5 cm. long, very showy ;
fruit 5 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 38 em. wide. “Janacahuate” (Jalisco, Urbina) ;
“jaboncillo”’ (Guanajuato).
The fruit is nearly sessile in this species. A specimen from Guerrero differs
in having stipitate fruit, but it is doubtful whether this is a specific character.
15. Brongniartia parvifolia Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 268. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, between San Gerdnimo and La Venta,
Oaxaca.
Low shrub, about 30 cm. high; leaflets about 35, oblong or elliptic, 5 to 10 mm.
long, pilose; flowers sinall, dark red; fruit 3.5 cm. long, nearly 1.5 cm. wide.
16. Brongniartia discolor T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 272. 1912.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz to Puebla; type from Bagre, San Luis Potosi.
Leaflets 11 to 27, 1 to 1.7 cm. long; flowers 1.5 cm. long.
17. Brongniartia luisana T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 381. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Slender shrub; leaflets oval, 2 to 3 cm. long, thin, bright green, sericeous
beneath.
18. Brongniartia peninsularis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 268. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, southwest of El Potrero, Baja California,
altitude 450 meters.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, with pale crooked branches; leaflets 11 to 15, ovate
to oval, 1.5 to 2.2 cm. long; flowers 1.7 cm. long.
19. Brongniartia parryi Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 254. 1880.
San Luis Potosi (type locality), Guanajuato, and Querétaro.
Shrub; leaflets about 15, oblong or ovate-oblong, 1.5 to 4.5 em. long, pale
green, pubescent; fruit 3.5 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide. “ Garbancillo”
(Querétaro).
20. Brongniartia goldmanii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 269. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, between Las Flechas and La Rastra,
Sinaloa.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leafiets about 7, oval, 1 to 2.5 em. long, bright
green; flowers 2 to 2.5 cm. long.
21. Brongniartia benthamiana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 252. 1880.
Guanajuato, Hidalgo, and Mexico; type from Leén, Guanajuato.
Shrub a meter high or less; leaflets about 19, oval or oblong, 1.5 to 2.5 em.
long; fruit 4 to 6 cm. long, t.7 to 2.5 em. wide.
22. Brongniartia vicioides Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10*: 49. 1843.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Misteca Alta and Cerro de San Felipe,
Oaxaca.
Low shrub; leaflets 13 to 21, oval or broadly oblong, bright green on the
upper surface, densely sericeous beneath.
23. Brongniartia intermedia Moric. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 7:
253. pl. 10. 1836.
Brongniartia sericea Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 337. 1838.
Brongniartia revoluta Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 269. 1909.
San Luis Potosi to Jalisco and Oaxaca. ;
Shrub 1 meter high or less; leaflets 11 to 37, oblong or oval, densely sericeous
when young; fruit 4 to 6 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.2 em. wide, often glaucescent.
470 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
BRONGNIARTIA GRACILIS Hemsl, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 253. 1880. Described
from Mexico, the exact locality not known.
BRONGNIARTIA OLIGOSPERMOIDES Baill. Adansonia 9: 240. 1868-70. Type from
Xochialco.
16. BARBIERIA DC. Mém. Légum. 241. 1825.
1. Barbieria pinnata (Pers.) Baill. Hist. Pl. 2: 263. 1870.
Galactia pinnata Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 302. 1807.
Clitoria polyphylla Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 300, 1811.
Barbieria polyphylla DC. Mém. Légum, 242. 1825.
Southern Mexico, the exact localities not known, but probably in Veracruz
or Oaxaca or both. Greater Antilles, Central America, and South America.
Shrub, 0.5 to 4 meters high, erect or scandent; leaves odd-pinnate, with
numerous oblong leaflets; flowers red, about 5.5 cm. long, racemose; fruit
linear, hirsute. “ Enredadera” (Porto Rico).
17. CRACCA L. Sp. Pl. 752. 1753.
Low unarmed shrubs; leaves pinnate, the leaflets usually numerous but
sometimes only 1 or 3, commonly with numerous close parallel lateral nerves;
flowers small or large, racemose; fruit linear, flat, bivalvate.
Many of the Mexican plants of this genus are probably to be classed as
herbs rather than shrubs, although most of them are inclined to be suffrutescent,
at least at the base. All the Mexican species except one which, so far as
known, is always a herbaceous annual, are included in the present treatment.
Most of the species have very tough stems, which are broken with difficulty.
Cracca viginiana L., of the United States, a herbaceous species, was used by
the Indians of the Southeastern States to poison fish. It is said also to have
diaphoretie and powerful anthelmintic properties.
Leaflets densely tomentose beneath, very obtuse at apex, large, 1 to 5 or
rarely 7.
Ties SPL CLSE SS 1000 ph te ee ees 1. C. lanata.
Leaflets usually 1 or 3, the lateral ones, when present, often much reduced.
Calyx long-pilose ; leaflet one, oval or broadly oblong_-_-2. C. platyphylla.
Calyx short-pilose; leaflets usually 3, oblong.
Calyx tapout. 2. CMs long! 2s = se ee ee 8. C. diversifolia.
Calyx about Jem: long—— 2 Sek fee Abe en ee 2 4. C. micheliana.
Leaflets sericeous or glabrate beneath, or rarely short-pilose but then acute.
Leaflets nearly or quite as broad as long_—--_-—-_++____-_=- 5. C. potosina.
Leaflets much longer than broad.
A. Leaflets rounded or very obtuse at base.
Leaflets 1 to 7, glabrous or densely white-sericeous beneath,
Leaflets densely white-sericeous beneath___------~- 6. C. watsoniana.
Beaflets:iglabrous bentath.2 2 ee 7. C. madrensis.
Leaflets more than 7 in all or most of the leaves, or if fewer neither
glabrous nor densely white-sericeous beneath.
Pubescence of the stems closely appressed.
Fruit pubescent.
Pubescence of the stems closely appressed ; leaflets 3 to 4 cm. long.
8. C. rhodantha. —
Pubescence of the stems often partly spreading; leaflets 1.5 to
HCI: “TONS ee eer oe eee ee 17. C. leucantha.
Fruit glabrous, at least on the sides.
Fruit glabrous on the edges; leaflets 2.5 to 4 em. long.
9. C. leiocarpa.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 471
Fruit strigillose on the edges; leaflets 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long.
10. C. cuernavacana.
Pubescence of the stems spreading or reflexed.
Leaflets 5 to 9 or rarely 11, 1.4 to 2.5 em. wide.
Leaflets obtuse, glabrate beneath________________ 11. C. tepicana.
Leaflets acute, densely pilose beneath__________ 12. C. langlassei.
Leaflets more than 9 in all or most of the leaves, usually much more
numerous, commonly Jess than 1.4 cm. wide.
Keel of the corolla about 1 cm. long. Leaflets 0.8 to 1.5 em. long,
glabrous on the upper surface____--_-__-___-_ 1s. C. seemanni.
Keel of the corolla much more than 1 cm. long.
eatlets O'GutoeHs2iemp longs ese Bees 22. C. pringlei.
Leaflets 1.5 to 4 cm. long or longer.
Pubescence of the stems brown; leaflets acute, 3.5 cm. long.
14. C. submontana.
Pubescence of the stems white to yellow; leaflets obtuse, or if
acute less than 3.5 cm. long.
Fruit 6 to 7 mm. wide, thick, densely long-pilose.
15. C. talpa.
Fruit 3 to 5 mm. wide, flat, short-pilose or sericeous.
Corolia, 2:5 .toc.eM, Long! 2a eee 16. C. macrantha.
Corolla 2 em. long or shorter.
Leaflets small, 1.5 to 2.6 em. long_____ 17. C. leucantha.
Leaflets large, most of them 3 to 5 em. long or longer.
Calyx lobes subulate-attenuate______ 18. C. toxicaria.
Calyx lobes triangular or oblong, acute or subobtuse.
19. C. schiedeana.
AA. Leaflets acute or cuneate at base.
Pubescence of the stems spreading or ascending, never closely appressed.
Leaflets broadest near the apex.
Flowers about 2 cm. long; leaflets 3 to 8 em. long, glabrous on the
Mppelr SUILACC.. a. te ee 20. C. nitens.
Flowers 8 to 12 mm. long; leaflets 6 to 20 mm. long, usually sericeous
om the upper surface________-+____--__—— > sfeita 21. C. cinerea.
Leaflets broadest at or near the middle.
IGWErS 2) CIM: ONS ea ee ee aoe ae 22. C. pringlei.
Flowers less than 1 em. long.
Leaflets appressed-pilose on the upper surface__23. C. brandegei.
Leaflets glabrous on the upper surface____________ 24. C. vicioides.
Pubescence of the stems closely appressed.
IShqubhe ig ea ee ee ee eee ee 9. C. leiocarpa,
Fruit sericeous or strigillose.
Leaflets oblanceolate or obovate, broadest near the apex.
21. C. cinerea.
Leaflets linear to linear-oblong, broadest at the middle.
Blowensi) tole Lome is ote 2 et Be 25. C. purpurea.
Kiowersall ‘tomis; mm, longs. 2st fo oe ee 26. C. palmeri.
1. Cracca lanata (Mart. & Gal.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. 1: 175. 1891.
Tephrosia lanata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 48, 1843.
Tephrosia crassifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 80, 1844.
Cracca crassifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 174. 1891.
Veracruz to Tepic and Guerrero; type from Zacuapan, Veracruz.
55268—22 20
472 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Low shrub; leaflets oblong or oval, 4 to 8 cm. long, coriaceous; flowers 2 to
2.5 em. long, purplish; fruit tomentose.
2. Cracca platyphylla Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 270. f. 25. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, pine woods between Mascota and San
Sebastian, Jalisco.
Low shrub; leaflet one, oval-oblong to broadly oval, 5 to 7 em. wide, broadly
rounded at apex, coriaceous, white-tomentose beneath ; flowers large, rose-red.
8. Cracca diversifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 270. 1909.
Michoacin; type from Uruapam.
Shrub 0.5 to 1 meter high; leaflets 3, green on the upper surface, densely
white-tomentose beneath, the lateral ones smaller than the terminal one;
flowers violet, 2.5 cm. long; fruit very densely pilose.
4. Cracca micheliana Standl.
Tephrosia major Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 251. pl. 4.
1903.
Cracca major Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 270. 1909. Not C. major
Alef. 1861.
Known only from the type locality, El Ocote, Michoac4n or Guerrero.
Shrub about a meter high; leaflets sometimes 16 cm. long and 6 em. wide;
flowers white tinged with violet; fruit densely tomentose. af
5. Cracca potosina (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Tephrosia potosina T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 272. 1912.
Nuevo Leén and San Luis Potosi; type from Rascén, San Luis Potosi.
Plants chiefly herbaceous, decumbent; leaflets usually 5, suborbicular, 2 to
4 em. long, sericeous beneath; fruit densely pilose.
This plant has been reported from Mexico as Tephrosia lindheimeri A. Gray,
but it seems quite distinct from that species.
6. Cracca watsoniana Standl.
Clitoria sericea S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 407. 1887.
Cracca sericea Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 271. 1909. Not C. sericea
A. Gray, 1883.
Tepie to Guerrero; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Plants 45 em. high or less, woody at base; leaflets 1 or sometimes 5 or 7,
linear-oblong to oval, 3 to 8 em. long, densely white-sericeous beneath; flowers
purple, 2 to 2.5 em. long.
7. Cracca madrensis (Seem.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 175. 1891.
Tephrosia madrensis Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 280. pl. 61. 1856.
Known only from the type locality, somewhere in the Sierra Madre.
Leaves unifoliolate.
8. Cracca rhodantha (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:
270. 1909.
Tephrosia rhodantha T..S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 201. 1905.
Sinaloa; type from Cofradfa.
Slender shrub, 0.4 to 1.8 meters high, or often herbaceous nearly throughout;
leaflets numerous, narrowly oblong; flowers brick-red or purplish white.
9. Cracca leiocarpa (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 175. 1891.
Tephrosia leiocarpa A, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 36. 1853.
Tephrosia afinis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 424, 1886.
Tephrosia viridis Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 7. 1908.
Cracca affinis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 269. 1909.
Chihuahua and Sonora to Jalisco; type collected along the Sonoita, in Sonora.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 473
Slender shrub, 0.6 to 2 meters high; leaflets about 17, narrowly oblong;
flowers pinkish.
10. Cracca cuernavacana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 269. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, wooded slopes of barranca above Cuerna-
vaca, Morelos, altitude 1,800 meters.
Slender suffrutescent plant, 0.6 to 1 meter high; leaflets oblong, obtuse,
bright green; flowers 1.5 cm. long.
11. Cracca tepicana Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 217. 1919.
Known only from Tepic, the type rbcality:
Leaflets oblong or oval-oblong, obtuse, green; flowers 1.5 cm. long.
12. Cracca langlassei (Micheli) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 270. 1909.
Tephrosia langlassei Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 250.
pl. 3. 1908.
Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacin or Guerrero.
Plants copiously pubescent; leaflets oblong-ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long; flowers
1.5 em. long.
The specimens from Jalisco are slightly different from the more seein
plant, and may represent a different species.
13. Cracca seemanni Britten & Baker, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 38:17. 1900.
Sinaloa and perhaps elsewhere; type from somewhere in the Sierra Madre.
Plants suffrutescent, with purplish flowers. ‘‘ Gallitos” (Sinaloa).
This has been reported from Mexico as Tephrosia virginiana (1L.) Pers.
14. Cracca submontana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 46. 1903.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type collected between Pedro Paulo and San Blascito,
Tepic. ;
Leaflets coriaceous, bright green on the upper surface and scaberulous;
flowers about 2.5 cm. long.
15. Cracca talpa (S. Wats.) Rose, Bot. Gaz. 40: 143. 1905.
Tephrosia talpa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 405. 1887.
Sinaloa and Durango to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaflets oblong or oval, 2 to 6 cm, long,
densely sericeous ; flowers pink, 1.5 to 2 cm. long.
This species is closely related to C. toxicaria, but has much broader, thicker
fruit, and the leafiets are usually proportionally broader.
16. Cracca macrantha (Robins. & Greenm.) Rose, Bot. Gaz. 40: 143. 1905.
Tephrosia macrantha Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 383. 1894.
Jalisco to Guerrero; type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Slender shrub, 2.5 to 3.5 meters high; leaflets oblong, 2 to 4 em. long; flowers
large, white or pink, in long racemes.
17. Cracca leucantha (H. B. K.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 175. 1891.
Tephrosia leucantha H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 460. pl. 577. 1823.
Tephrosia leucantha acuta Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 7. 1908.
Chihuahua and Sonora to Guanajuato; type collected near Guanajuato.
Plants suffrutescent; leaflets numerous, oblong or narrowly oblong; flowers
greenish white or pinkish; fruit 3 to 5.5 cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide.
18. Cracca toxicaria (Pers.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 175. 1891.
Tephrosia toricaria Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 328. 1807.
Tephrosia multifolia Rose, Contr. U, S. Nat. Herb. 1: 320. 1895.
Cracca multifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 270. 1909.
Sinaloa to Zacatecas and Oaxaca. Central America, West Indies, and South
America.
474 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, or often herbaceous; leaflets numerous, oblong or
narrowly oblong; flowers white and pink, 1.5 to 2 em. long. ‘ Barbasco”
(Jalisco, Oaxaca, Colombia) ; “ chilapate” (El Salvador).
The roots have a disagreeable odor; in the West Indies they have been used
in the treatment of cutaneous diseases, The plant is said also to have purgative
properties and to affect the heart like digitalis. It is often crushed and throwr
in water to poison fish. It is reported to furnish a fine blue dye.
19. Cracca schiedeana (Schlecht.) Standl.
Tephrosia schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 299. 1888.
Jalisco to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Barranca de Tioselo, Veracruz.
Guatemala.
Low shrub or herb; leaflets oblong or narrowly oblong, sericeous; flowers 2
greenish white or pinkish; fruit 3 to 5.5 em. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide.
It is not certain that the specific name applies to the present plant, which
seems distinct from C. tovicaria, It may be that C. schiedeana should be re-
ferred to the synonymy of that species.
20. Cracca nitens (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 175. 1891.
Tephrosia nitens Benth.; Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 107. pl. 19. 1853.
Michoacin to Chiapas. Central and South America; type from Panama.
Erect shrub 1 to 5 meters high; leaflets few, coriaceous, bright green above,
densely sericeous beneath with lustrous hairs; flowers violet-red.
21. Cracca cinerea (L.) Morong, Ann. N. Y. Acad. 7: 79. 1892.
- Galega cinerea L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1172. 1759.
Tephrosia cinerea Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 328. 1807.
Tephrosia decumbens Benth. Nat. For. Kj6benhayn Vid. Medd. 1858: 7. 1854.
Tephrosia scopulorum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 181. 1915.
Guerrero to Veracruz, Yucatan, and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in tropical
America. .
Plants decumbent, herbaceous or suffrutescent; flowers small, purplish or
pink. ‘ Barbasco” (Colombia) ; ‘ afiil,” “ afil cenizo”’ (Porto Rico).
The plant is said to have narcotic properties, and has been used in Guiana
to stupefy fish. In the West Indies it is reputed to have medicinal properties,
and has been used in the treatment of fevers and in nervous, cutaneous, and
venereal diseases.
22. Cracca pringlei Rose, Bot. Gaz. 40: 143. 1905.
Oaxaca; type from Las Sedas.
Plants decumbent, suffrutescent; leaflets about 1 cm. long; flowers few,
purple, 2 cm. long.
23. Cracca brandegei Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 20: 217. 1919.
Sinaloa and Durango; type from Altata, Sinaloa.
Leaflets linear or oblong-linear, 1 to 4.5 cm. long.
24, Cracca vicioides (Schlecht.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 175. 1891.
Tephrosia vicioides Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 297. 18388.
- Veracruz to Michoacin and Guerrero; type from Hacienda de la Laguna,
Veracruz.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, green and nearly glabrous; leaflets 2 to 3
em. long; flowers small, wine-red, in very slender racemes.
25. Cracca purpurea L. Sp. Pl. 752. 1753.
Tephrosia purpwrea Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 329. 1807.
. Tephrosia tenella A, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 36. 1853.
Cracca tenella Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 271. 1909.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in
the tropics of both hemispheres.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 475
Plants usually herbaceous but sometimes frutescent; flowers small, purple ~
or purplish. “ Anil” (Porto Rico).
Specimens of this species have been reported from Mexico as Tephrosia
leptostachya DC. Maiden reports that the plant is harmful and even poisonous
to stock. The plant is used in different countries for stupefying fish. Various
medicinal properties are ascribed to it in India. An ointment made from the
roots is applied for elephantiasis; the juice is applied to eruptions upon the
skin, and a decoction of the roots is used for indigestion, coughs, liver and
kidney affections, etc.
26. Cracca palmeri (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 270. 1909.
Tephrosia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 46. 1889.
Tephrosia purisimae T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 149. 1889.
Tephrosia cana T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 8: 126. 1891.
Baja California and Sonora; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Plants slender, erect or decumbent, herbaceous or frutescent; leaflets 1.5
to 5.5 em. long; flowers pink or purplish.
DOUBTFUL OR EXCLUDED SPECIES.
CRACCA OROBOIDES (H. B. K.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 175. 1891. Tephrosia
oroboides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Sp. 6: 462. pl. 579. 1823. Apparently a species
of Lotus.
CRACCA VENOSA (Mart. & Gal.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 175. 1891. Tephrosia
venosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10*: 47. 1848. Type from Oaxaca. The
description suggests C. pringlei Rose, but the fruit is described as glabrous.
TEPHROSIA CHRYSOPHYLLA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 40. 1843. Not
T. chrysophylla Pursh, 1814. Type from Veracruz.
18. ROBINTA L. Sp. 722. 1753.
Trees or shrubs, usually armed with spines; leaves deciduous, pinnate;
flowers in axillary racemes; fruit flat, bivalvate, narrowly winged along the
upper suture.
Robinia pseudacacia L., the black locust, a native of the eastern United
States, with white flowers, is cultivated as a shade tree in some localities. It
is known usually as “ acacia,’ and the name “loco” is said to be applied in
Chihuahua.
Infloreseence glandular-hispid—________§___»_____ 1. R. neomexicana.
Inflorescence puberulent or pilose, without glands____________ 2. R. pringlei.
1. Robinia neomexicana A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 314, 1854.
Mountains of northern Sonora. Western Texas to Arizona and southern
Colorado; type from the Mimbres River, New Mexico.
Very spiny tree or shrub, sometimes 7.5 meters high, with a trunk 35 ems
in diameter; bark thin, light brown, nearly smooth; leaflets 13 to 21, oval,
about 4 cm. long; flowers large, showy, pale pink; fruit flat, densely hispid
with gland-tipped hairs; wood very hard, strong, close-grained, yellow with
brownish markings, the specific gravity about 0.80, ‘“ Ufia de gato” (New
Mexico).
2. Robinia pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 274. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, near Tula, Hidalgo, altitude 2,040 meters.
Medium-sized tree; leaflets 13 or 15, oval, 3.5 to 5 em. long, thin, nearly
glabrous; flowers large, in lax axillary racemes; fruit flat, 6 em. long, 1 em.
wide, smooth, with 2 narrow wings along one edge.
476 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ROBINIA EHRENBERGII Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 303. 1838. Type from Aguas-
calientes, near Granada. Probably a species of Lonchocarpus.
ROBINIA MELANOCARPA Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 305. 1838. Type from Papantla,
Veracruz. Probably a Lonchocarpus.
19. DAUBENTONTIA DC. Mém. Légum. 285. 1825,
1. Daubentonia cavanillesii (S. Wats.) Standl.
? Aeschynomene longifolia Cay. Icon. Pl. 4: 8. pl. 316. 1797.
Sesban cavanillesii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 342. 1882.
San Luis Potosi. Southern United States.
Shrub 1 to 2 meters high; leaves odd-pinnate, the leaflets numerous, pale,
narrowly oblong, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, obtuse; flowers yellow, 1.5 to 2 em. long,
racemose; fruit with 4 longitudinal wings.
The seeds are said to have been used in the southern United States as a
substitute for coffee.
20. SESBAN Adans, Fam. Pl. 2: 327. 1763.
Unarmed shrubs or small trees or often herbs; leaves pinnate, the leaflets
numerous, small; flowers racemose, large and showy; fruit linear, compressed,
4-angled, or subterete, often very long.
Corolla 6 to 7 em. long. Leaflets oblong or oval____________ 1. S. grandiflora.
Corolla 2.5 em. long or shorter.
Leaflets lanceolate to elliptic, acute; fruit stipitate, 8 mm. wide.
2. S. mexicana.
Leaflets oblong or oval, rounded at the apex; fruit sessile, 3 to 4 mm. wide.
3. S. macrocarpa.
1. Sesban grandiflora (L.) Pers, Syn. Pl. 2: 316. 1807.
Aeschynomene grandifiora L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1060. 1768.
Agati grandifiora Desy. Journ. de Bot. Desy. 1: 120. 1813.
Adventive in Yucatfin and sometimes cultivated for ornament. Native prob-
ably of the East Indies; adventive in tropical America.
Nearly glabrous shrub or small tree, sometimes 4.5 meters high; leaflets
about 3 em. long; flowers very large, white or pink, pendulous; fruit 30 to 35
em. long. “Pico de flamingo” (Yucatin); “cobreque” (Nicaragua); “ ga-
llito,” “‘ biculo,” or “‘ cresta de gallo” (Porto Rico).
The wood is soft, weak, and light. From incisions in the stem there runs a
pinkish white juice, which dries into vitreous tears of a violet tint. From these
is obtained a gum from which two coloring principles have been separated—a
red one, agathine, and a yellow one, xanthoagathine. The bitter bark is said to
have tonic and febrifuge properties ; in India it has been employed as a remedy
for smallpox. Diuretic and laxative properties are ascribed to the leaves. In
southern Asia the flowers and green pods are eaten as a salad or pot herb, and
the leaves and young shoots are gathered and fed to cattle. For an illustration
of the plant see Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 9: pl. 6.
2. Sesban mexicana Pollard, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 154. 1897.
Aeschynomene longifolia Orteg. Hort. Matr. Dec. 9: 70. 1800. Not A. longi-
folia Cav. 1797.
Sesban longifolia DC. Prodr. 2: 265. 1826:
Jalisco.
Low shrub; leaflets 1.5 to 3.5 em. long, bright green; fruit 6.5 to 12.5 cm.
long, conspicuously torulose.
ae) ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 477
It is not at all certain that the name Aeschynomene longifolia Cav. does not
apply to this plant. That species was based upon flowering specimens, and the
leaves illustrated resemble those of S. mexicana quite as much as those of
Daubentonia cavanillesii.
3. Sesban macrocarpa Muhl.; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 221. 1788.
Aeschynomene picta Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 7. pl. 314. 1797.
Sesban picia Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 316. 1807.
Usually along streams or in wet soil, Baja California and Sonora to Guerrero
and Veracruz. Southern United States; Central America.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets numerous, 1 to 3.5 em. long, pale green;
flowers large, yellow, racemose; fruit slender, 10 to 30 cm. long. ‘“ Zacate de
agua” (Jalisco); “ bequilla’” (Sonora, Palmer).
21. BENTHAMANTHA Alef. Bonplandia 1862: 264. 1862.
Unarmed herbs or low shrubs; leaves odd-pinnate, with 3 to many thin,
rather small leaflets; flowers small, racemose; fruit linear, compressed, bival-
vate.
Pedicels and rachis of the inflorescence glandular-pilose.
Leaflets sericeous on the upper surface__________________ 1. B. glandulifera.
Leaflets glabrous on the upper surface___________________ 2. B. greenmanii.
Pedicels and rachis without gland-tipped hairs.
Leaflets glabrous on the upper surface__-_________________ 3. B. glabrescens.
Leaflets pilose or sericeous on the upper surface_______________ 4. B. mollis.
1. Benthamantha glandulifera (Benth.) Alef. Bonplandia 1862: 264. 1862.
Tephrosia glandulifera Benth. Pl. Hartw. 115. 1848.
Cracca glandulifera Benth, Nat. For Kjoébenhavn Vid. Medd. 18538: 8. 1853.
Benthamantha glandulosa Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 99. 1906.
Chiapas. Central America and northwestern South America; type from
Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Shrub, 60 cm. high, or sometimes herbaceous; leaflets about 13, oval, 1 to 2
cm. long, sericeous beneath; flowers purplish yellow, 1 cm. long.
2. Benthamantha greenmanii (Millsp.) Britt. & Baker; Millsp. Field Mus.
Bot. 2: 50. 4900.
Cracca greenmanii Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 299. pl. 13. 1896.
Yueatén and Campeche; type from Chichen ItzA, Yucatiin.
Plants low, suffrutescent or herbaceous.
The roots bear numerous tubers as in B. glabrescens. Probably these tubers
are borne by all the members of the genus.
8. Benthamantha glabrescens (Benth.) Alef. Bonplandia 1862: 264. 1862.
Tephrosia glabrescens Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 81. 1844.
Cracca glabrescens Benth. Nat. For. Kj6benhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 9. 1853.
Benthamantha pumila Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 99. pl. 30. 1906.
Benthamantha tuberosa T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 376. 1913.
Chihuahua to Puebla and Veracruz; reported from Nuevo Leén. Type from
Colombia.
Plants decumbent, herbaceous or suffrutescent, bright green and glabrate;
leaflets oval or rounded-oval, 0.5 to 2 em. long.
The roots bear numerous tubers 1 to 10 cm. long, resembling small sweet
potatoes.
4. Benthamantha mollis (H. B. K.) Alef. Bonplandia 1862: 264. 1862.
Tephrosia mollis H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 463. 1821.
Cracca mollis Benth. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 4 1853. 7
Cracca edwardsii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 35. 1853.
478 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Cracca edwardsii sericea A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 201. 1882.
Cracca sericea A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 74. 1883.
Brittonamra sericea Kearney, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 14: 32. 1894.
Benthamantha sericea Britt. & Baker, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 38: 19. 1900.
Benthamantha fruticosa Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 99. 1906.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Yucatin, and Chiapas. Southern Arizona;
Central America and northern South America; type from Venezuela.
Slender shrub, 0.6 to 1.5 meters high, or often herbaceous; leaflets mostly
oval, 1 to 3.5 cm. long; flowers small, yellow striped with brown or purple;
fruit about 6 cm. long and 3.5 mm. wide.
A very variable species, with a wide range. It may be possible to divide it
into two or more species, but no constant lines of separation are apparent.
The pubescence of the stems is either appressed or spreading, in varying
degrees. The earlier or larger leaves are often trifoliolate, while the upper
leaves on the same plant are usually multifoliolate. The leaflets are often
mottled with bronze and green. Specimens of this species have been reported
from Yucatan as Tephrosia cinerea Pers. and as Cracca cinerea (Pers.)
Morong.
The writer has seen no specimens of B. caribaea (Jacq.) Kuntze from
Mexico, although it might be expected in Yucatin. It resembles B. mollis, but
‘has much larger flowers.
22. DIPHYSA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 7. 1760.
Unarmed shrubs or small trees; leaves pinnate, the leaflets few, thin;
flowers rather large, yellow, racemose; fruit inflated but compressed.
Some of the species—probably all of them—yield a yellow dye. The ver-
nacular names “ macano” and “ cacique”’ are said to be applied in Panama to
D. carthaginensis Jacq.
Inflorescence densely viscid-pubescent or covered with long, stout, spinelike
hairs.
Inflorescence viscid-pubescent, without spinelike hairs.
EAP ita (COno) Ck se LONG seed Ee aS ee 1. D. racemosa.
OCU: Gito yd (Cla sLOn ge ea ee 2. D. macrocarpa.
Inflorescence scarcely or not at all viscid, covered with long spinelike hairs.
3. D. thurberi,
Inflorescence neither viscid-pubescent nor with spinelike hairs.
Racemes usually 1 or 2-flowered; leaflets 5 mm. long or shorter; branches
DUDCKULEM Gf 2S ea ee Be nee nye es ee 4. D. minutifolia.
Racemes with few or numerous flowers; leaflets usually much more than 5
mm. long, or if small the branches glabrous.
Stipe of the fruit much longer than the calyx_____________ 5. D. sennoides.
Stipe equaling or shorter than the calyx.
Pedicels with at least a few short hairs in anthesis; leaflets mostly 1.5 to
3 cm. long, bright green on the upper surface_____ 6. D. robinioides.
Pedicels wholly glabrous; leaflets mostly less than 1.5 em. long, com-
monly grayish green.
Fruit ‘less*than ‘1°5 em! ‘wideJi¥2 70 _ 20 cso tion snes 7. D. suberosa.
Bruit 2 to 3 cm. wide 2%) os Of EY Aeron 8. D. occidentalis.
1. Diphysa racemosa Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 97. pl. 3. 1891.
Sonora to Guerrero and Morelos; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high, very viscid; leaflets usually 9 to 17, oval or
oblong, 0.5 to 2.5 cm. long, pale beneath; racemes long, numerous, the flowers
about 2 em. long; fruit about 4 em. long and 1.5 em. wide.
The plant has a disagreeable odor. The wood is hard and yellow.
.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 479
2. Diphysa macrocarpa Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Tecozantla, Hidalgo, collected by F. Salazar, May 22, 1914 (U.S.
Nat. Herb. no. 1,039,091).
Branches, petioles, and inflorescence densely viscid-pubescent; leaflets 11 to
29, oval, 8 to 15 mm. long, glabrous, pale beneath; racemes lax, few-flowered ;
calyx glabrous, the lobes glandular-ciliate ; fruit 6 to 11 cm. long, 1.2 to 1.5 cm.
wide, obtuse or acute, short-rostrate, covered with sessile glands, the stipe about
twice as long as the calyx, viscid-setulose. ‘‘ Retama de cerro.”
8. Diphysa thurberi (A. Gray) Rydb.
Daubentonia thurberi A. Gray, Mem. Amer, Acad. n. ser. 5: 318. 1855.
Diphysa echinata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 271. 1909.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Mabibi, Sonora. Southern Arizona.
Shrub; leaflets about 11, or more, oval or rounded-oval, 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
4. Diphysa minutifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 271. 1909.
Tamaulipas to Yucatén and Chiapas; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, rigidly branched, the branches gray or red;
leaflets about 13, oval or oblong, bright green; flowers 1.5 cm. long. ‘‘ Xsusuc”
(Yucatan, Maya); ‘‘retama” (Tamaulipas).
5. Diphysa sennoides Benth. Nat. For. Kj6benhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 12. 1854.
Veracruz (type locality) and Hidalgo to Guerrero and Oaxaca. Reported
from Guatemala and Venezuela.
Shrub 2 to 4 meters high; leaflets about 13; fruit very large, about 10 cm.
long. ‘“ Cascabelillo” (Guerrero).
6. Diphysa robinioides Benth. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 11.
1854.
Diphysa floribunda Peyr. Linnaea 30: 78. 1859.
Veracruz to Yucatin, Chiapas, and Oaxaca. Central America; type from
Nicaragua.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high; leaflets mostly 11 to 21,
oval or oblong; flowers numerous, 1.5 em. long; fruit about 6 cm. long and
1.5 to 2 cm, wide. “ Cuachepil” (from the Nahuatl cuau-chepilli) ; “palo ama-
rillo” (Guatemala) ; ‘‘ guachipilin,” ‘ guachipelf,” ‘‘ huachipilin ” (El Salvador,
Costa Rica). :
The wood is hard and durable; it yields a yellow dye. It is doubtful whether
this species is distinct from D. carthaginensis Jacqg., which was described from
Cartagena, Colombia.
7. Diphysa suberosa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 405. 1887.
Sonora to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Guadalajara.
Shrub 1 to 3 meters high; bark of the older branches forming thick, corky
ridges; leaflets numerous, 5 to 15 mm. long. “Palo santo” (Jalisco).
The powdered bark is used in Jalisco as a remedy for catarrh. The flowers
of this and the next species are smaller than in D. robinioides.
8. Diphysa occidentalis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 271. 1909.
Sonora to Guerrero; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrub or tree, 1.5 to 8 meters high, the trunk sometimes 30 em. in diameter.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CoLUTEA AMERICANA Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Colutea no. 5. 1768. Type from
Veracruz.
23. LENNEA Klotzsch; Link, Klotzsch & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 2: 65. 1842.
Unarmed shrubs or small trees; leaves pinnate, the leaflets large; flowers
rather small, racemose; fruit flat, bivalvate, few-seeded.
480 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Inflorescence glabrous; standard about 7 mm. long; fruit glabrous.
1. L. robinioides. |
Inflorescence densely brown-pilose with short appressed hairs; fruit densely
pubescent. We wewtee Aingty: fodisls speswee tego 2 = Tyee gs 2. L. brunnescens.
1. Lennea robinioides Klotzsch; Link, Klotzsch & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 2: 65.
pl. 26. 1842,
Veracruz; described from cultivated plants.
Slender glabrous shrub; leaflets usually 9 or 11, oval, 2.5 to 4 em. long, thin,
bright green; flowers purplish, in very slender axillary racemes; fruit linear.
2. Lennea brunnescens Standl., sp. nov.
Veracruz; type from Carrizal (Goldman 701; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. no. 397071).
Tree, 6 to 7.5 meters high, the branches grayish or brownish, when young
densely pilose with short brownish ascending hairs; stipules subulate, 2 to 3
mm. long; leaf rachis 6 to 11 cm. long, the petiolules 1 to 2 mm. long; leaflets
13 or 15, oval, oval-oblong, or oval-obovate, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 em. wide,
acutish to rounded at base, rounded or subretuse at apex, bright green and
glabrous on the upper surface, with prominulous reticulate venation, beneath
slightly paler, thinly sericeous with whitish or brownish hairs; racemes rather
dense, 4 to 5 em. long, the rachis and slender pedicels pilose with short brown
hairs; calyx 3 mm. long, densely brown-pilose, the lower lobes triangular,
acuminate; petals glabrous, the standard 8 to 9 mm. long; fruit flat, 5.5 to 7
em. long, 1.2 to 1.4 em. wide, obtuse at apex, gradually tapering to the base,
densely pilose with minute appressed brown hairs.
Also collected at Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz, August, 1914, by C. A. Purpus
(no. 6083). The Purpus collection is in fruit only and was distributed as
“Acacia?” The only other Mexican species of the genus, L. robinioides, is
represented in the National Herbarium by a single collection (Purpus 5891),
from Misantla, Veracruz, which agrees well with the original description
and plate. LL. robinioides differs from the present plant in its lack of
pubescence, less numerous leaflets, and smaller flowers. The flowers of
L. brunnescens appear to have been greenish yellow, although of course their
eolor may have changed in drying; those of L. robinioides are purplish.
24. COURSETIA DC. Ann. Sci. Nat. 4: 92. 1825.
Erect shrubs or trees, spiny or unarmed, pubescent ; leaves pinnate, the leaflets
small or large; flowers in axillary racemes; fruit linear, compressed, bivalvate.
In C. glandulosa as well as in other species the branches are often covered
with a transparent, yellowish or brown gum or lac produced by insects.
Palmer reports that in Sonora this is dissolved in water with sugar and used
as a drink in colds and fevers, and that it is believed also to be a remedy for
tuberculosis. It is sold in the drug shops as “goma Sonora” at about a
peso per pound,
Inflorescence without glands or gland-tipped hairs.
Leaflets"5' to 4 ems lone@il_ty7t 4 21 aie) aed ei ep tenty 1. C. polyphylia.
Leaflets less than 1 em.Wongi2 251 sur! ei) set reer 2. C. axillaris.
Inflorescence with numerous subsessile glands or gland-tipped hairs.
Petioies Hat. aod winged... on See 3. C. planipetiolata.
Petioles subterete, not winged.
Rachis of the leaves pilose with long soft spreading hairs____4. C. mollis.
Rachis of the leaves with short appressed hairs.
Corolla about id em,) longs) 2. sti293.25) foes eee oe 5. C. glandulosa.
Corolla about 2 cm. long______-_ Sy viene Tae Bed 6. C. madrensis.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 481
1. Coursetia polyphylla T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 376. 1913.
Known only from the type locality, Banos del Carrizal, Veracruz.
Slender shrub, apparently unarmed; leaflets about 11, oval-oblong or oval-
obovate; fruit 6 cm. long, 5 mm. wide, constricted between the seeds.
2. Coursetia axillaris Coult. & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 16: 180. 1891.
Tamaulipas. Southwestern Texas, the type from San Diego.
Densely branched shrub or small tree, unarmed; flowers white, 1 cm. long,
solitary or in few-flowered racemes; fruit linear, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, slightly con-
stricted between the seeds.
3. Coursetia planipetiolata Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 253.
pl. 5. 1908.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Rio San Luis.
Shrub, about 2 meters high; leaflets oval or ovate, 3 to 5.5 em. long; flowers
pinkish white; fruit 5 to 7 ecm. long, 6 mm. wide, brown.
4. Coursetia mollis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad, 29: 384. 1894.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from the Barranca of Beltran, Jalisco.
Densely pubescent shrub, 1 to 4 meters high, armed with very stout short
spines ; leaflets often as many as 31, oblong or oval, 1 to 2 em. long; flowers in
short long-pedunculate racemes, the standard purplish, the other -petals pale
yellow; fruit 7 cm. long and 7 mm. wide, scarcely at all constricted. ‘‘ Gar-
bancillo de la costa,” “ cucablanea”’ (Sinaloa).
5. Coursetia glandulosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 156. 1862.
Coursetia microphylla A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 201. 1882.
Baja California and Sonora to Guerrero; type from the vicinity of Cape San
Lucas, Baja California.
Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 6 meters high, unarmed; leaflets mostly oval, 1 em.
Jong or shorter; flowers pink, with yellow center, or white and yellow; fruit
constricted between the seeds. ‘“‘ Samo prieto” (Sonora),
6. Coursetia madrensis Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 253. pl.
6. 1908.
Known only from the type locality, in the Sierra Madre of Michoacin or
Guerrero. LET:
Spiny shrub; leaflets oval, 1.5 cm. long, sericeous beneath; flowers blood-red
with orange-yellow center.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
COURSETIA VIRGATA (Cay.) DC. Prodr. 2: 264. 1825. Aeschynomene virgata
Cay. Icon. Pl. 3: 47. pl. 293. 1794. Type from New Spain. Scarcely of this
genus.
25. OLNEYA A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 328. 1855.
1. Olneya tesota A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 328. 1855.
Dry plains and hillsides, Sonora and Baja California. Southern Arizona (type
locality) and California.
Shrub or small tree, often only a meter high but sometimes attaining a
height of 9 meters, with a trunk diameter of 45 cm.; branches armed with stiff
Sharp Spines; bark thin, scaly, peeling off in long reddish brown strips; leaves
odd-pinnate, the leaflets 11 to 15, 8 to 20 mm. long, grayish; flowers purplish
white, showy, in short racemes; fruit glandular-hairy, with 1 to 5 or more
seeds. “Palo fierro,” “palo de hierro,” ‘“ arbol de hierro,” “ tésota,”’ “una de
gato.” é
The English name is “ ironwood.” Wood hard, strong but brittle, dark brown,
the specific gravity about 1.15; difficult to work, but sometimes used, and valued
for firewood. The Indians of Arizona and northwestern Sonora grind the
482 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
roasted beans and use them for making “pinole.” The tree is mentioned by
Clavigero (Historia de la California, 1789) as “palo hierro.”
26. GLIRICIDIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 393. 1823.
Trees with pinnate leaves; leaflets estipellate, usually blotched beneath;
flowers in axillary racemes, pink or purplish; fruit stipitate, broadly linear,
exalate, bivalvate. :
Leaflets rounded at apex, densely sericeous beneath when young: with long
Mars) | NOWELS ADOUL 1. CM. LONG Ses 1. G. guatemalensis.
Leaflets mostly acute, glabrate beneath or sparsely strigose with very short
HaeS HOWErS ADOUL 2-o/CIl, (ONG.. os Dele eee 2. G. sepium.
1. Gliricidia guatemalensis Micheli, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 442. pl. 10. 1894.
Oaxaca. Guatemala; type from Sacabaja.
Leaflets 11 to 17, oval, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, blotched beneath with bronze
or purple; flowers long-pediceled, in lax racemes.
2. Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 688. 1841.
Robinia sepium Jacq. Enum. P!. Carib. 28. 1760.
Gliricidia maculata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 393. 1823.
Robinia maculata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 393. 1828.
Lonchocarpus maculatus DC. Prodr. 2: 260. 1825.
Robinia variegata Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 301. 1838.
Gliricidia lambii Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 533. 1895.
Sinaloa to Veracruz, Yucatin, and Chiapas. Central America and northern
South America; naturalized in the West Indies and Philippines; type from
Cartagena, Colombia.
Tree, 3 to 9 meters high or larger, the trunk usually short and crooked;
bark grayish, smooth or shallowly fissured; leaflets ovate or elliptic, 3.5 to 6.5
em. long, acute, green above, pale beneath and usually blotched with bronze;
flowers 2.5 cm. long, in clustered racemes, bright pink; fruit long, flat, 1.5 em.
wide; sapwood yellowish, turning reddish brown on exposure, the heartwood
darker, tinged with red, hard and heavy, very tough, close-grained, taking
a good polish. ‘‘Cacahuananche” (Michoacin, Guerrero, Sinaloa, Tepic) ;
“cacahuanano” (Oaxaca; from the Nahuatl “cacahua-nantl,” ‘“ cacao-
mother ’’) ; “lengua de perico” (Veracruz) ; ‘madre de cacao” (Jalisco, Chia-
pas, Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Panama, Philippines) ; ‘‘ xak-yaab,”
“sacyab ” (Yucatan, Maya) ; “ iaiti’’ (Chiapas) ; “‘ cansim ” (Guatemala) ; “* ma-
dera negra” (Costa Rica, Panama, Nicaragua); “sangre de drago” (Costa
Rica); “bala” (Costa Rica, Panama); ‘‘madriado” (Nicaragua); “ mata-
raton”’ (Panama, Colombia); “ bien vestida,” “pifién florido,’ “ piién amo-
roso”’ (Cuba) ; “ cacaute” (Philippines).
Often planted for hedges, and a favorite shade tree for cacao and coffee plan-
tations; grown from Seeds or cuttings. The leaves are eaten by cattle but, like
other parts of the plant, they are poisonous to rats, mice, and other rodents.
The seeds or powdered bark mixed with rice, etc., are used in tropical America
for poisoning rats and mice. The tree is said to have been introduced into the
Philippines from Mexico at an early date.
This tree was first described by Oviedo (Lib. VIII, Cap. XXX), who says that
in order to protect the cacao “they plant between the trees other trees which
the Indians call yaguaguyt and the Christians madera negra, which grow almost
twice as large as the cacao trees and protect them from the sun, and they
prune the branches to make them grow straight. These trees are of such a na-
ture that they live much longer than the cacao trees and never decay ; it is one of
the strongest woods known. The madera negra has very beautiful flowers, pink
and white, in bunches, and they have a good odor; the fruit consists of pods
io em
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 483
which contafn lentils, somewhat smaller than lupine seeds and very hard; they-
never shed their leaves and are trees that the Indians value for making hedges
about their lands, and for wood for their houses or huts, for they say that it
never decays. I tore down a Sacrificial building in Nicaragua a quarter of a
league or less outside the city of Le6én, in the square of the Cacique Mahomo-
tompo, who served me; for to separate the people from the rites and sacrifices
and diabolic ceremonies we took from them the temples which, in the language
of Charotega, to which that town belongs, they call teyopa; that is to say, houses
of prayer. And I had taken to Le6n the wooden posts, all of which were
madera negra, and made a stable for my horses. When I asked the cacique and
the old men who had made that temple, they said it was built many years
before; so far as I could understand, it was a hundred years or more; the
wood that had been two yards deep in the ground was still as green and fresh
as if just cut, and the axes rebounded and were nicked in cutting it. I am
often reminded by this wood of the Ark of the Covenant of the Old Testament,
made of shittim wood, which was incorruptible, and of the same wood was made
the altar of the Lord. I do not know whether this madera negra of Nicaragua is
shittim wood; but I do know that the Indians hold it for a fact that it is im-
perishable, unless burnt, and so they affirm.” Oviedo treats the tree in another
ehapter (Lib. VIII, Cap. XXXVIII) under the name “ yagaguyt.”
27. WILLARDIA Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 97. 1891.
Unarmed shrubs or trees; leaves pinnate, the leaflets numerous, small or
large; flowers showy, in axillary racemes; fruit flat, dehiscent.
Flowers 6 to 8 mm. long; leaflets 0.8 to 1.5 cm. long; fruit glabrous.
1. W. parviflora.
Flowers 15 to 25 mm. long; leaflets 1.5 to 5 em. long; fruit pubescent.
Flowers about 1.5 cm. long, the standard glabrous_______-_ 2. W. mexicana.
Flowers 2 to 2.5 em. long, the standard sericeous___________ 3. W. eriophylla.
1. Willardia parviflora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 313. 1905.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Yautepec, Morelos.
Shrub, 3 to 4 meters high, much branched; leaflets 11 to 21, subcordi-
aceous, with revolute margins; fruit 4.5 to 7 cm. long, 1.2 em. wide, acute at
each end.
2. Willardia mexicana (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 98. 1891.
Coursetia mexicana S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 424, 1886.
Chihuahua, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Hacienda San Miguel, Chihuahua.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 12 meters high, the trunk sometimes 35 cm. or more in
diameter; bark smooth; leaflets 9 to 15; flowers lilac; fruit flat, 5 to 12.5 cm.
long. ‘Nesco,” “palo piojo” (Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Sonora); “taliste”
(Sinaloa). :
Wood used for mining props, fuel, and for other purposes. A decoction of
the bark is employed in Sinaloa to destroy parasites on cows and horses.
3. Willardia eriophylla (Benth.) Standl.
Lonchocarpus eriophyllus Benth. Journ. Proe. Linn. Soe. Bot. 4: Suppl. 94.
1860.
Michoacan, Guerrero, and Puebla; perhaps also in Morelos; type from Chil,
Puebla.
Tree, 4 to 5 meters high; leaflets about 13, oblong, obovate, or oval, densely
pubescent; flowers reddish violet.
Specimens from Morelos have fruit 9 to 18 em. long and 1.2 to 1.5 em. wide.
It is not certain that they are conspecific with the flowering specimens. The
generic position of Wéillardia eriophylla can not be established with certainty
until more material is collected.
484 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
28. HESPEROTHAMNUS T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 499. 1919.
Erect shrubs or trees; leaflets pinnately 5-foliolate; flowers purple or
purplish, large, in terminal racemes; fruit broadly linear, bivalvate.
RMU pOWL Te MNT WwiGel ese Soa ee eee een ae, ABE ADEA PRACARS 1. H. littoralis.
WIDUG wd, COr LO TOTO: "WIG ant an A the eee Cee a eee 2. H. grandis.
1. Hesperothamnus littoralis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 499.
1919.
Lonchocarpus littoralis T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 157. 1903.
Southern Baja California.
Shrub or small tree; leaflets 3 to 6 cm. long, acute, densely pubescent; fruit
about 8 cm. long.
2. Hesperothamnus grandis Standl., sp. nov.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacin, Puebla (Rose & Hay 5869; U. S.
Nat. Herb. no. 395657).
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high, the branchlets brownish,
when young densely pilose with short, fulvous, spreading or reflexed hairs;
leaf rachis 4 to 10.5 cm. long, the petiolules 3 to 5 mm. long, the stipels
filiform; leaflets elliptic-oblong, ovate-oval, elliptic, oval, or rounded-oval, the
terminal one sometimes rounded-obovate, 3.5 to 7 em. long, 1.5 to 5.38 cm,
wide, rounded, obtuse, or subcordate at base, rounded to acute at apex, often
abruptly short-acuminate, thick, pale green, densely velvety-puberulent on the
upper surface when young, beneath densely velvety-pilose with very short pale
hairs, or in age glabrate; flowers fasciculate-racemose, short-pedicellate, the
racemes dense or interrupted, 4.5 to 11 em. long, usually long-pedunculate and
equaling or longer than the leaves, the rachis densely short-pilose; calyx
5 to 7 mm. long, densely sericeous or short-pilose, the 4 lobes triangular or
lanceolate, usually subulate-acuminate, equaling or longer than the tube; petals
purplish, the standard thinly pilose outside with short, appressed or somewhat
spreading hairs, the blade about 1 cm. long and broad, the claw 3 mm. long,
the wing and keel petals of about the same length; style glabrous; fruit sessile,
5 to 6 cm. long, 6 to 10 mm. wide, compressed, bivalvate, strigose-sericeous,
the margins slightly thickened.
The following additional collections belong here:
PuesLa: Near Tehuacin, 1905, Rose, Painter & Rose 9923; in 1906, Rose
é& Rose 11281; Pringle 6748.
Oaxaca: Canyon above Dominguillo, Pringle 5649. Six miles above
Dominguillo, altitude 1,350 to 1,650 meters, Nelson 1826a.
29. MEIBOMIA Heist.; Fabr. Pl. Hort. Helmst. 168. 1759.
Herbs or shrubs, sometimes scandent; leaves pinnate, the leaflets usually 3
but sometimes only 1; flowers commonly racemose, small, purple to white;
fruit of 1 to several joints, often covered with hooked hairs, the joints thus
readily adhering to clothing.
One of the largest genera of Mexican plants, but most of the species are
herbaceous. Besides the species listed here there are doubtless others which
sometimes become shrubs. The plants are often browsed by stock, and some
spcies of the genus have been cultivated as fodder crops.
Joints of the fruit notched on the upper side; plants usually scandent.
beaflete Siborbicklaric eolia. 20. trod stefines felt sais 1. M. painteri.
Leaflets ovate or nearly so.
Joints of the fruit less than 1 cm. wide, much longer than broad.
2. M. angustata.
Joints of the fruit about 2 cm. wide, nearly as broad as long.
8. M. purpusii-
*g
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 485
Joints of the fruit not notched.
Leaves unifoliolate.
EUG Sia rOUs sel Se ae eye elites te ee ee eed 4. M. pallida.
PNT ETRE Ite eens es Oe eee 5. M. psilophylia.
Leaves 3-foliolate.
Joints of the fruit closely folded together.
Meathetsoblane or ovate-oblong. 28 2 en 6. M. plicata.
Leaflets oval or suborbicular_____________~ Ce ee ee 7. M. plectocarpa.
Joints of the fruit not folded together.
Joints twice as long as wide or longer____---___--__-_--_- 8. M. foliosa.
Joints much less than twice as long as wide.
Pubescence of the stems of numerous closely appressed hairs.
Leaflets broadly rounded at apex; fruit sericeous__9. M. robinsonii.
Leaflets acute or acutish; fruit glabrous or puberulent.
Bracts cuspidate-acuminate_________ Eee: _____10. M. conzattii.
Bracesoouuse Of aGutisn==——- tee eee 11. M. jaliscana.
Pubescence of the stems of spreading or recurved hairs, or wanting.
Fruit glabrous or nearly so.
Leaflets suborbicular or obovate-orbicular.
Joints of the fruit 4 mm. long; leaflets mostly obovate-orbicular.
12. M. rubricaulis.
Joints of the fruit 5 to 6 mm. long; leaflets suborbicular.
18. M. orbicularis.
Leaflets oval to narrowly oblong.
Joints of the fruit longer than broad.
14. M. chartacea.
Joints of the fruit suborbicular________________ 15. M. nitida.
Fruit copiously puberulent or pilose.
Leaflets mostly oval or suborbicular, rounded at apex.
16. M.cinerea.
Leaflets ovate to narrowly oblong or lanceolate, acute or acutish,
or at least narrowed to the apex.
Leaflets 5 cm. long or shorter; bracts small.
ees ; 17. M. ghiesbreghtii.
Leaflets 6 to 17 cm. long; bracts large and conspicuous.
Leaflets linear-lanceolate, glabrate beneath.
18. M. macrostachya.
Leaflets ovate, sericeous beneath___~-~-~- 19. M. amplifolia.
1. Meibomia painteri Rose & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 214. 1913.
Known only from the type locality, Iguala Canyon, Guerrero.
Plants scandent, suffrutescent; leaflets orbicular, 3 to 8 cm. long; joints of
the fruit about 1 cm. long and broad.
2. Meibomia angustata Rose & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 215. 1913.
Known only from the type locality, between San Sebastiin and Las Palmas,
Jalisco.
Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 to 8 cm. long.
3. Meibomia purpusii (T. S. Brandeg.) Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: 6.
1921.
Desmodium lunatum T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 246. 1908. Not D. lunatum Huber,
1906.
Desmodium purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 58. 1914.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan.
Scandent shrub; leaflets 5.5 to 9.5 em. long, acute.
486 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Meibomia pallida Rose & Painter, Bot. Gaz. 40: 145. pl. 5. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, Huilotepec, Oaxaca.
Low shrub; leaflets oblong to orbicular, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute,
pale.
5. Meibomia psilophylla (Schlecht.) Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891.
Desmodium psilophyllum Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 310. 1838.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz to Chiapas and Puebla; type from Chicon-
quiaco. Guatemala.
Slender glabrous shrub, a meter high or less; leaflets oblong to narrowly
lance-oblong, 2 to 8 cm. long, obtuse.
6. Meibomia plicata (Schlecht. & Cham.) Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891.
Desmodium plicatum Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 585. 1830.
Sonora to Veracruz and Chiapas; type collected between Misantla and Colipa,
Veracruz.
Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high; leaflets 2 to 7 cm. long, densely tomentose be-
neath; flowers purple. ‘“ Escobilla’’ (Michoacan, Guerrero).
7. Meibomia plectocarpa (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891.
Desmodium plectocarpum Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 46. 1880.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz; type from Orizaba.
Leaflets 2.5 to 6.5 em. long, densely pubescent; flowers violet, in long dense
racemes.
8. Meibomia foliosa (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891.
Desmodium foliosum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 278. 1880.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco.
Slender glabrous shrub; leaflets ovate or lanceolate, 2.5 to 7 cm. long, usu-
ally attenuate, thin, bright green.
9. Meibomia robinsonii Standl.
Desmodium jaliscanum obtusum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 164, 1891.
San Luis Potosi and Talisco; type from Tamasopo Canyon, San Luis Potosi.
Guatemala.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaflets oval, 3.5 to 7 cm. long, densely pubescent.
10. Meibomia conzattii (Greenm.) Standl.
Desmodium conzattii Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 331. 1912.
Guerrero to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from San Bernardino, Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets ovate or oblong, 3 to 8 cm. long; flowers
purplish, rather large.
11. Meibomia jaliscana (S. Wats.) Standl.
Desmodium jaliscanum S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 22: 406. 1887.
Jalisco and Guanajuato; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaflets lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, 3 to 9 cm.
long.
12. Meibomia rubricaulis Rose & Painter, Bot. Gaz. 40: 145. 1905.
Sinaloa and Durango to Guerrero; type from Etzatlan, Jalisco.
Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with purple flowers; leaflets 1 to 2 em.
long, glabrate.
13. Meibomia orbicularis (Schlecht.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891.
Desmodium orbiculare Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 311. 1838.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz to Chiapas and Oaxaca; type from Regla,
Hidalgo. Guatemala.
Slender shrub or herb; leaflets 1 to 2.5 em. long, pale beneath, glabrate;
flowers purplish. “ Engorda-cabra” (Guanajuato).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 487
14. Meibomia chartacea (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Desmodium chartaceum T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 202. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, near Culiacan, Sinaloa.
Leaflets narrowly lance-oblong, 3.5 to 7.5 em. long, pale.
15. Meibomia nitida (Mart. & Gal.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891.
Desmodium nitidum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 186. 1843.
Veracruz, Oaxaca (type locality), and Guerrero.
Slender shrub, 1 to 4 meters high, with purple flowers; leaflets mostly
ovate, 3 to 6 em. long, bright green.
16. Meibomia cinerea (H. B. K.) Standl.
Hedysarum cinereum H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 526. pl. 599. 1823.
Desmodium cinereum DC. Prodr. 2: 3380. 1825.
Desmodium chiapense T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 53. 1914.
Tepic to Chiapas; type collected near Mexcala and Chilpancingo, Guerrero.
Central America.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaflets 3 to
tomentose.
17. Meibomia ghiesbreghtii (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891.
Desmodium ghiesbreghtii Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 279. 1880.
Mexico and Oaxaca (type locality).
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high.
18. Meibomia macrostachya (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 198. 1891.
Desmodium macrostachyum Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 44. 1880.
Jalisco to Morelos and Oaxaca (type locality).
Plants 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaflets 5.5 to 17 cm. long; flowers in very
long, mostly simple racemes.
19. Meibomia amplifolia (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891.
Desmodium amplifolium Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer, Bot. 1: 274. 1880.
Oaxaca (type locality) and Chiapas. Guatemala.
Leaflets 5 to 12 em. long, sericeous beneath.
id
7 cm. long, densely pubescent or
30. NISSOLIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 7. 1760.
REFERENCE: Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 157-1638. 1899.
Plants usually scandent, fruticose or herbaceous; leaves odd-pinnate, the
leafiets usually 5; flowers small, yellow, racemose or verticillate in the leaf
axils; fruit indehiscent, of few short broad joints, the terminal joint with a
large thick terminal wing.
The species are very closely related, and it is doubtful whether all those listed
here are really distinct.
Calyx or fruit or both with few or numerous yellow bristle-like hairs.
Fruit setose-hispid.
Leaflets densely pilose beneath; fruit rounded at the apex___1. N. dodgei.
Leaflets glabrous beneath; fruit acute______________________ 2. N. setosa.
Fruit not setose-hispid.
Plants scandent: fruit not constricted_.2. 3. N. schottii.
Plants prostrate; fruit conspicuously constricted into joints.
4. N. wislizeni.
Calyx and fruit without yellow bristle-like hairs.
Flowers all or chiefly in naked racemes.
Calyx lobes long, filiform-subulate___________________ 5. N. guatemalensis.
Gala lobes. very. Shorivdeltoid— = 2! - 2 ee 6. N. nelsoni.
Flowers verticillate in the axils of the leaves.
55268—22 21
488 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Galyx tube about 5 mm: longie*4_( Severe ree eons 7. N. platycalyx.
Calyx tube 1.5 to 3.5 mm. long.
Leaflets densely and persistently pilose beneath____---___ 8. N. hirsuta.
Leaflets glabrous beneath or nearly so.
Leaflets large, most of them 2.5 to 4 cm. long, all much longer than broad.
9. N. laxior.
Leaflets small, most of them 1 to 2 cm. long, those of the lower leaves
nsually.orbicular, oF nearly sO2s-s22J252-1. 22 b— 10. N. pringlei.
1. Nissolia dodgei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 161. f. 23. 1899.
Coahuila and Neuvo Le6én; type from Monterrey, Nuevo Le6én.
Leaflets 1 to 2 em. long; fruit 2 cm. long, 2 or 3-seeded.
2. Nissolia setosa IT. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 127. 1891.
Southern Baja California; type from Triunfo.
Vine, 3 to 4 meters long; leaflets 5, orbicular, 1 to 2 cm. long; flowers 4 mm.
long, dark yellow.
8. Nissolia schottii (Torr.) A. Gray, Journ. Linn. Soc. 5: 26. 1861.
Chaetocalyz schottii Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 56. pli. 18. 1859.
Chihuahua, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Sierra Verde, Sonora. Southern
Arizona.
Leaflets 5, oval or orbicular, 1 to 3.5 cm. long; flowers nearly 1 em. long:
fruit 2.5 to 3 cm. long.
4. Nissolia wislizeni A. Gray, Journ. Linn. Soc. 5: 25. 1861.
Chactocalyx wislizeni A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 51. 1852.
Chihuahua and Sonora to Zacatecas and Hidalgo; type collected near the
city of Chihuahua. Southern Arizona.
Leaflets orbicular or nearly so, 8 to 15 mm. long; flowers 1 cm. long or
slightly larger.
This species differs from the others in being prostrate rather than scandent.
The plants are nearly or quite herbaceous.
5. Nissolia guatemalensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 162. 1890.
Sinaloa. Guatemala (type locality).
Leaflets oval, 3 to 7 em. long, obtuse or acutish; flowers 6 mm. long, very
numerous, in long racemes.
Although known in Mexico from a single locality far distant from Guate-
mala, the specimens can not be distinguished from those from the latter region.
6. Nissolia nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 162. 7. 26. 1899.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from the Valley of
Oaxaca.
Plants climbing to a height of 8 to 4.5 meters; leaflets elliptic to orbicular,
2 to 5.5 em. long, acutish to broadly rounded at apex. “ Riatilla’’ (Sinaloa).
It is doubtful whether this is distinct from N. fruticosa Jacq., of Columbia.
7%. Nissolia platycalyx S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 344. 1882.
Known only from the type locality, in the mountains east of Saltillo, Coa-
huila.
8. Nissolia hirsuta DC. Prodr. 2: 257. 1825.
Nissolia confertiflora S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 424. 1886.
Chihuahua to Sinaloa, Oaxaca, and Morelos; type from Guanajuato.
Leaflets 1 to 5.5 em. long, thin, bright green; wing of the fruit 1 cm. wide
or narrower.
9. Nissolia laxior (Robinson) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 162. 1899.
Nissolia confertiflora lavior Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 315. 1894.
oe Sa
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 489
Nissolia montana Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 48. 1903.
Jalisco and Guanajuato to Morelos and Puebla; type from Beltram, Jalisco.
Leaflets elliptic or oval, thin, bright green; flowers 1 cm. long.
10. Nissolia pringlei Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 5: 159. f. 20. 1899.
Nissolia diversifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 160. f. 21. 1899.
Nissolia multifiora Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 5: 161. f. 24. 1899.
Chihuahua to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Santa Eulalia Mountains,
Chihuahua.
Flowers about 7 mm. long; fruit 3 cm. long, the wing about 7 mm. wide.
DOUBTFUL SPECIBES.
NISSOLIA PLATYCARPA Benth. in Mart, Fl. Bras. 15*: 77. 1854. Type from
Zimapin, Hidalgo. This species has never been properly described, and it is
impossible to place it definitely.
81. AMICIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 511. 18238.
1. Amicia zygomeris DC. Prodr. 2: 315. 1825.
Chihuahua to Tepic, Oaxaca, and Veracruz.
Slender unarmed shrub, or sometimes herbaceous, glabrous or pilose, leaflets
4 or 6, 2 to 6 cm. long and nearly as wide, truncate or emarginate at apex, con-
spicuously gland-dotted ; flowers 3 to 3.5 cm. long, yellow, racemose, subtended
by large, orbicular or reniform bracts.
82. PICTETIA DC. Ann. Sci. Nat. 9: 93. 1825.
1. Pictetia microphylla Benth.; Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 8. 1878.
Type collected in Sonora; plant known to the writer only from the description.
Glandular-pubescent shrub; leaves pinnate, the leaflets 4 or 5 pairs, lanceo-
late, 3 mm. long, pungent; flowers 1.8 cm. long, racemose; fruit stipitate, 3 or
4-seeded, constricted between the seeds.
33. AESCHYNOMENE L. Sp. Pl. 713. 1753.
Small shrubs or herbaceous plants; leaves odd-pinnate; flowers small, in
axillary racemes or clusters; fruit flat, of 2 to several joints.
Several other species besides those enumerated here occur in Mexico, but they
are all herbaceous forms.
Stipules conspicuously produced below the point of insertion.
Leaflets acute or acutish, the costa near the margin____--~~_ 1. A. americana.
Leaflets very obtuse, the costa central.
SLemIselabproMs OLMeanrhy sos 22s! tee ee 2. A. sensitiva.
Stems hispid.
VEU a SRLOMOMENINE WICC 222 Stee ee a ee ee 3. A. hispida.
Eirini LOn OMI. Wide: 25 eee ea ae A 4. A. hispidula.
Stipules not produced below the point of insertion.
Costa of the leaflets excentric, usually near the margin; leaflets 3.5 mm. wide
or narrower, often acute.
mennecsegaensely white-Sericeous. 2-22 5. A. nivea.
Leaflets green, thinly sericeous or strigose or glabrate.
Leaflets obtuse, the costa not very close to the margin.
Corolla 10 to 12 mm. long; leaflets 2.5 to 3.5 mm. wide.
6. A. fascicularis.
Corolla 6 to 7 mm. long; leaflets 1 to 1.5 mm. wide__7. A. oligantha.
Leaflets acute, the costa very close to the margin.
CAE LS EG ei Om LOI arses Sei & Wie ao rn ek iin ima eee tee NS a 8. A. purpusii.
Leaflets mostly more than 10 pairs________________ 9. A. compacta.
490 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Costa of the leaflets central; leaflets often more than 3.5 mm, wide, obtuse or
rounded at apex.
Standard petal glabrous.
Leaflets numerous, 1.2 to 3 mm. wide______________ 10. A. amorphoides,
Leaflets 15 or fewer, 4 to 16.mm. wide__~-__-________ 11. A. palmeri.
Standard petal variously pubescent.
Venation of the leaflets reticulate.
Calyx glabrous; branches of the inflorescence glabrous or nearly so.
12. A. simulans.
Calyx pubescent; branches of the inflorescence densely pilose and often
hispid. 2 ao. Sent h ee ohs Ted et ee 13. A. petraea.
Venation of the leaflets not reticulate.
Leaflets 7 to 11.
Leaflets, glabrous: or; nearly So. = et)ste Bat at 14. A. fruticosa.
Leaflets densely sericeous or pilose____-____________ 15. A. vigil.
Leaflets 15 or more.
Leatlets:5.) COG MM Wwideses se ee ee ee 16. A. pringlei.
Leaflets 2 mm. wide or narrower____--___-_~__ 17. A. paniculata.
1. Aeschynomene americana L. Sp. Pl. 713. 1753.
Aeschynomene glandulosa Poir. in Lam. Encyel. Suppl. 4: 76. 1816.
Aeschynomene floribunda Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 180. 1843.
Aeschynomene americana depila Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 363. 1898.
Chihuahua to Sinaloa, Chiapas, Yucatan, and Veracruz. Widely distributed
in tropical America; type from Jamaica.
Plants suffrutescent and sometimes a meter high, or often herbaceous; leatf-
lets numerous, oblong-linear, about 1 cm. long; flowers small, pale yellow to
brownish yellow, sometimes striped with purple. ‘“ Huevo de rana”’ (Nica-
ragua) ; “hierba rosario” (Porto Rico) ; “ pegapega” (Cuba).
Of some importance as a forage plant.
2. Aeschynomene sensitiva Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 107. 1788.
Sinaloa to Veracruz. Widely distributed in tropical America; also in Africa.
Plants suffrutescent or herbaceous, sometimes 4 meters high; leaflets oblong,
6 to 15 mm. long; flowers pale yellow with red veins, about 1 cm. long; fruit
4 to 8 em. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide. “ Hierba de ciénaga,” “ hierba rosario”
(Porto Rico).
8. Aeschynomene hispida Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1168. 1800.
Sinaloa and Durango to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in trop-
ical America.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent; flowers yellow, striped with red, 10 to 14 mm.
long.
4. Aeschynomene hispidula H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 531. 1828.
Michoacin to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America and South America;
type from Colombia.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent. sometimes 3.5 meters high; flowers scarcely
1 em. long.
5. Aeschynomene nivea T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 150. 1889.
Baja California; type from Purisima.
Silvery-sericeous shrub, 0.6 to 1 meter high; leaflets numerous, oblong-
linear, 4 to 10 mm. long; flowers ochroleucous or sulphur-yellow, 1 cm. long;
fruit usually of only 2 joints.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 491
6. Aeschynomene fascicularis Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 584. 1830.
Chihuahua and Sonora to Jalisco and Yucatiéin; type collected between
Laguna Verde and Actopan (Veracruz ?). Central America.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, with yellow flowers.
7. Aeschynomene oligantha Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34:
526. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, ‘‘ Mata de Dios,” Michoacan or Guerrero.
Doubtfully distinct from A. fascicularis.
8. Aeschynomene purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 247. 1908.
Known only from the type locality, Zacuapan, Veracruz.
9. Aeschynomene compacta Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 191. 1899.
Aeschynomene oaxacana T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 181. 1915.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tomellin Canyén, Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaflets 3 to 10 mm. long.
10. Aeschynomene amorphoides (S. Wats.) Rose; Robinson, Proc. Amer.
Acad, 29: 315. 1894.
Brya amorphoides S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 406. 1887.
Sinaloa to Colima; type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Shrub, about a meter high; flowers purplish, 6 mm. long; joints of the fruit
T,05 2;
11. Aeschynomene palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 192. 1899.
Aeschynomene paucifoliolata Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34:
256. pl. 9. 1908.
Guerrero; type from Acapulco.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, with purplish flowers.
12. Aeschynomene simulans Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 192. 1899.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type collected between Rosario and Colomas, Sinaloa.
Plants suffrutescent : flowers yellow, tinged with purple.
13. Aeschynomene petraea Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 27: 166. 1892.
Aeschynomene madrensis Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 255.
pl. 8. 1903.
Durango to Guerrero; type from Guadalajara.
Plants suffrutescent, 1 to 1.5 meters high; flowers large, yellow, striped with
brown or purple.
14. Aeschynomene fruticosa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 192. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Topolobampo, Sinaloa.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, with small yellow flowers.
15. Aeschynomene vigil T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 128. 1891.
Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Shrub, about a meter high, with white stems; flowers purple.
16. Aeschynomene pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 312. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, limestone hills near Jojutla, Morelos.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high.
17. Aeschynomene paniculata Willd.; Vog. Linnaea 12: 95. 1838.
Guerrero to Veracruz. South America; type from Brazil.
34. CLIMACORACHIS Hemsl. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 48. 1903.
Low erect shrubs or herbs; leaves pinnate, the leaflets small, numerous; flow-
ers yellow, racemose, the racemes geniculate ; fruit flat, 2 to 4-seeded.
Btems, Slabronegee sar 28 Gel wer et ie) S20 emeoned me 1. C. mexicana,
Stems ehindular-pilose. 008 ngniT moowded oi noel een) old tens 2. C. fruticosa.
492 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Climacorachis mexicana Hemsl. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8:48. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, in the Sierra Madre west of Bolafios,
Jalisco.
Leaflets 9 to 12 pairs, linear, 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit 5 to 10 mm. long.
2. Climacorachis fruticosa Hemsl. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8:44. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, mountains near Talpa, Jalisco, altitude
1,320 to 1,500 meters.
Leaflets sometimes 20 pairs, 7 mm. long.
35. ABRUS Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 327. 1763.
1. Abrus precatorius L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 2: 472. 1767.
Glycine abrus L. Sp. Pl. 758. 1753.
Veracruz; reported from Yucatéin. West Indies, South America, Asia, and
Africa.
Scandent shrub with pinnate leaves; leaflets numerous, oblong, 1 to 1.5 em.
long, bright green, very obtuse; flowers racemose, pink or purplish; fruit short,
broad; seeds 4 to 6, scarlet, black about the hilum. “ Xocoac,” ‘ xoxoag”
(Yuecatin, Maya); “peonia’” (Cuba); “ peronia,”’ “ peronilas” (Porto Rico) ;
“ brujitos,” “ chochitos de Indio, ” “ pionias,” ‘ peronilla ” (Colombia).
The English names are “bead-vine,” ‘“ wild licorice,” and ‘ crab’s-eyes.”
Stems strong and used as cordage. The leaves and root have the flavor of
licorice, and the latter is sometimes employed as a substitute for that article.
The root is said to contain glycyrrhizin, the principle found in true licorice
(Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). The leaves are sensitive to changes in light intensity ;
they droop vertically during the night and rise to a horizontal position in the
morning. Lunan states that the dried leaves were used in India as a substitute
for tea.
The plant is reported to have poisoned caitle in India, and the seeds are cer-
tainly poisonous. They have been used in that country for criminal poisoning,
but are said to be inert if swallowed whole. It is said that the poisonous pro-
erties are destroyed by heat and that the seeds have been used for food in some
countries, but this is perhaps erroneous. They contain abric acid and two pro-
teid poisons, to one of which the name abrine has been given. They are known
in commerce as “ jequirity seeds,’ and have been employed by European phy-
sicians in treating diseases of the eye and skin. The seeds are very handsome
and are strung into bracelets and necklaces. Because of their uniformity in size
they were formerly used as weights by jewel merchants. The leaves are ap-
plied externally to swellings in India and are chewed with sugar for coughs.
36. RAMIREZELLA Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 44. 1903.
Seandent plants, fruticose, at least at the base; leaves pinnately trifoliolate,
the leaflets large; flowers racemose, at first covered with large striate bracts;
fruit linear, compressed, bivalvate.
The species are very closely related, and more material is necessary to de-
termine their validity. ;
Bruit densely pilose* calyx short-pilose-———__-_—_=_- == =. == 1. R. pubescens,
Fruit and calyx glabrous or nearly so.
Peduncles and rachis glabrous or nearly so_____-__-__________- 2. R. buseri.
Peduncles and rachis of the inflorescence copiously pilose.
Lowencalyx lobes acuitesd 28) coed lis pee coy eee ee he 3. R. pringlei.
Lower calyx lobes rounded or obtuse___----___-__---- 4. R. strobilophora.
1, Ramirezella pubescens Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 45. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, between Tlapa and Tlaliscatilla, Guerrero,
altitude 1,170 to 1,350 meters.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 493
Leaflets broadly ovate, about 8 cm. long, acuminate, densely pubescent be-
neath; fruit long-beaked.
2. Ramirezella buseri (Micheli) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 274. 1909.
Phaseolus buseri Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 263. pl. 13.
1903.
Ramirezella occidentalis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 45. 1908.
Ramirezella glabrata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 45. 1903.
Jalisco to Guerrero; type from La Botella, altitude 350 meters.
Leaflets ovate or broadly ovate, 4 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, glabrate;
flowers purplish white, large and showy.
With more ample material, it may be possible to recognize more than a
single species here.
8. Ramirezella pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 274. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, Iguala Canyon, Guerrero, altitude 900
meters. ;
Leaflets 6 to 10 em. long, glabrate; corolla violet, 2 em. long.
4, Ramirezella strobilophora (Robinson) Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 5:
44, 1903.
Vigna strobilophora Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 27: 167. 1892.
Chihuahua to Jalisco; type collected near Guadalajara.
Seandent shrub, the stems sometimes 2.5 cm. thick; leaflets 6 to 8 cm. long,
acuminate; flowers purple and white, in dense racemes; fruit 9 to 12 cm. long,
about 1.5 em. wide.
37. CLITORIA L. Sp. Pl. 753. 1753.
Shrubby or herbaceous plants, often scandent; leaves pinnate, with usually
3 leaflets; flowers large, showy, solitary or clustered in the axils of the leaves
or short-racemose.
Besides the species listed here, C. ternatea L., a herbaceous vine, with 5 leaf-
lets, also occurs in Mexico.
Leaves sessile or very short-petiolate______________________ 1. C. subsessilis.
Leaves long-petiolate.
MlOwersraboOutie cm: Long fe Aer eee eee 2. C. javitensis.
Flowers 2 to 4 em. long.
Plants scandent. Leaflets acute or acuminate, pale beneath.
3. C. mexicana.
Plants erect.
Pubescence of the stems appressed______--_-_____-______ 4. C. multiflora.
Pubescence of the stems spreading.
Miowerssabout2:5) cm: Nong beter. ws oh a teh Le 5. C. trifiora.
HIG Werst a DOUG 4 ems lone Se oe ee ee ee ee 6. C. humilis.
1. Clitoria subsessilis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 169. 1899.
Oaxaca; type collected between Guichocovi and Lagunas.
Plants low, erect, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaflets linear-oblong, obtuse ;
flowers 4.5 to 5.5 cm. long.
2. Clitoria javitensis (H. B. K.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. 2: 42. 1858.
Neurocarpum javitense H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 409. 1823.
Reported from Veracruz and Mexico. Panama and northern South America;
type from Javita.
Scandent or repent shrub; leaflets oval or elliptic, acuminate, 8 to 15 cm.
long, pubescent beneath.
494 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Clitoria mexicana Link, Enum. P). 2: 235, 1822.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Stems slender, scandent, herbaceous or suffruticose; leaflets ovate, 4 to 6 cm.
long; flowers blue; fruit 3.5 to 5.5 em, long, 6 mm. wide.
Closely related to C. mariana L., under which name it has been reported from
Mexico.
4. Clitoria multiflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 188. 1843.
Clitoria polystachya Benth, Pl. Hartw. 60. 1840.
Tepic to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Mirador, Veracruz.
Erect shrub, about a meter high; leaflets mostly ovate, acuate or acuminate,
4 to 11 cm. long; flowers white, spotted with violet, 3 to 3.5 em. long.
5. Clitoria trifiora S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 2: 407. 1887.
Durango, Jalisco, and Michoacin; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Plants erect, 30 to 60 cm. high, suffrutescent; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, 4 to
9.5 em. long, obtuse or acute; flowers dark purple and lilac; fruit about 4 em.
long and 6 to 7 mm. wide.
Clitoria monticola T. S. Brandeg.,’ described from Baja California, is closely
related, judging from the description. The writer has seen no material of it.
6. Clitoria humilis Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 5: 169. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre of Durango.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, 10 to 20 em. high or larger; leaflets
oval or oblong; flowers apparently white.
38. DIOCLEA H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 487. 1823.
1. Dioclea guianensis Benth. Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturg. 2: 134: 1838.
Tabasco. Central America and northern South America; type from British
Guiana.
Seandent shrub with pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, the leaflets broad, 5 to 12
cm. long, short-acuminate, pubescent; flowers purple or blue, 3 cm. long, in
long, spikelike racemes; fruit flat, about 9 cm. long and 1.5 em. wide. ‘ Haba
de monte” (Panama).
39. CANAVALIA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 325. 1763.
Scandent or prostrate herbs or shrubs; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; flowers
large, racemose; fruit flat, bivalvate.
Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. The generic name was originally
written Canavali.
Valves of the fruit each with 2 central costae; leaflets glabrous beneath or
MCAT Ves SO Sa ses ee eae pee te 1. C. acuminata.
Valves of the fruit each, with one central costa; leaflets usually pilose be-
neath.
Lower calyx lobes minute, lance-ovate, very acute; calyx thinly sericeous
Or ‘glabrate .= 42-5 4. Bais Sale eth a en ee a 2. C. villosa.
Lower calyx lobes large, orbicular; calyx very densely sericeous.
3. C. hirsuta.
1. Canavalia acuminata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 322. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Manzanillo, Colima,
Seandent shrub, nearly glabrous; flowers large, cream-colored; fruit 15 to
20 em. long, flat; seeds brownish black.
2. Canavalia villosa Benth. Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturg. 2: 135. 1838.
Canavalia rostrata Benth. Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturg. 2: 135. 1838.
* Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 500, 1919.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 495
Wenderothia discolor Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 331. 1838.
Wenderothia pilosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 191. 1848.
Wenderothia glabra Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 193. 1848.
Sinaloa to Nuevo Leén, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Central America.
Scandent shrub or herb; leaflets 6 to 11 em. long, usually oval, short-acumi-
nate; flowers violet, showy, 3.5 cm. long; fruit about 15 cm. long and 2 cm. wide,
densely pilose. ‘“ Patito”’ (Michoacan, Guerrero) ; “ frijolillo”’ (Sinaloa, Puebla,
Tabasco) ; “ gallinitas” (Urbina).
8. Canavalia hirsuta (Mart. & Gal.) Standl.
Wenderothia hirsuta Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 192. 1843.
Veracruz to Guerrero and Chiapas; type from Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Scandent shrub, similar to C. villosa.
The bractlets at the base of the calyx are much larger than in the preceding
species.
40. ERIOSEMA Desvy. Ann. Sci. Nat. 9: 421. 1826.
Low shrubs or herbs, unarmed; leaves pinnate, 3-foliolate or rarely unifolio-
late, the leaflets gland-dotted beneath; flowers yellow, racemose, often large
and showy ; fruit compressed, bivalvate, short, usually 2-seeded.
Flowers in elongate racemes.
Flowers about 1.5 em. long; lobes of the calyx scarcely longer than the tube.
1. E. multifiorum.
Flowers 2 cm. long; lobes of the calyx fully twice as long as the tube.
2. E. grandiflorum.
Flowers in very short headlike racemes.
Pubescence of the lower surface of the leaflets closely appressed.
3. E. diffusum.
Pubescence of the lower surface of the leaflets chiefly loose and spreading.
Corolla 12 to 14 mm. long; peduncles shorter than the racemes; leaflets of
the lower leaves less than twice as long as wide________ 4. E. palmeri.
Corolla less than 10 mm. long; peduncles usually longer than the racemes;
leaflets more than twice as long as wide____________ 5. E. pulchellum.
1. Eriosema multiflorum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 316. 1894.
Known only from the type locality, rocky hills near Tequila, Jalisco.
Shrub, 0.6 to 1 meter high; leaves subsessile, the 8 leaflets oblong, rounded at
apex, rugose.
2. Eriosema grandiflorum (Schlecht. & Cham.) Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 345.
1857.
Rhynchosia grandifiora Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 588. 1830.
Sonora to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Vera-
cruz.
Erect shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets mostly oblong, 4 to 9 em. long,
obtuse or acute, densely pubescent; flowers in long racemes, large and showy.
“Jarilla de la sierra” (Sinaloa).
3. Eriosema diffusum (H. B. K.) Don, Hist. Dich]. Pl. 2: 347. 1832.
Glycine diffusa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 420. pl. 572. 1823.
Sinaloa to Chiapas and Veracruz. Central America and Colombia (type
locality ).
Plants erect, herbaceous or suffrutescent, closely but sparsely sericeous ;
leaflets linear-oblong to oval, 2.5 to 7 cm. long; fruit short, densely pilose.
“Guapo” (Guatemala); “guapillo” (Guatemala, Honduras, Blake) ; “ hierba
del duende” (Sinaloa).
An infusion of the plant is used in Guatemala for female diseases.
496 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Eriosema palmeri 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 408. 1887.
San Luis Potosi to Jalisco and Tepic; type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Plants low, herbaceous or suffrutescent, copiously hirsute with fulvous or
brown hairs; roots tuberous-thickened.
Specimens reported from Veracruz as 2. crinitum (H. B. K.) Don probably
belong to this species.
Rhynchosia hirsuta Mart. & Gal.’ is either this plant or a closely related one.
5. Eriosema pulchellum (H. B. K.y Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 348. 1832.
Glycine pulchella H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 422. 1823.
Chihuahua to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America; Colombia (type
locality).
Plants suffrutescent; leaflets mostly oblong, 2.5 to 7 cm. long, obtuse.
The leaves are sometimes unifoliolate on young plants.
41. DOLICHOLUS Medic. Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2: 354. 1787.
Plants herbaceous or frutescent, scandent or prostrate or rarely erect; leaves
usually pinnately 3-foliolate, rarely unifoliolate; flowers racemose; fruit bival-
vate.
A few herbaceous species not enumerated here are found in Mexico.
[Ed CUT ERSEAS ifs Ci aoe ieee tial anata a eRe it Ls | 1. D. pringlei.
Plants scandent.
Flowers 1.5 to 2 em. long or larger.
Leaflets acute; bracts broadly ovate, acute____________ 2. D. macrocarpus.
Leaflets long-acuminate; bracts lanceolate or lance-ovate, acuminate.
8. D. discolor.
Flowers 1 cm. long or shorter.
Calyx lobes subequal, the upper ones 3 times as long as the tube or longer.
I 4. D. longeracemosus.
Calyx lobes unequal, the upper ones about as long as the tube.
Fruit more or less hispid, not constricted between the seeds.
Leaflets longer than broad, not reticulate-veined; fruit long-hispid;
stems scarcely at all viscid-pubescent_________ 5. D. nigropunctatus.
Leaflets about as broad as long, conspicuously reticulate-veined ; fruit
short-hispid ; stems densely viscid-pilose__________ 6. D. potosinus.
Fruit velutinous-puberulent, often constricted between the seeds.
Fruit 4 to 5 mm. wide, not constricted between the seeds.
7. D. minimus.
Fruit 8 to 12 mm. wide, constricted between the seeds.
8. D. phaseoloides.
1. Dolicholus pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 101. 1906.
Rhynchosia pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 316. 1895.
Oaxaca; type from Las Sedas.
Erect shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaflets strongly reticulate-veined, 2.5 to 5
em. long and nearly as wide, densely pubescent; flowers large, in long narrow
panicles; fruit hirsute; seeds dark brown.
2. Dolicholus macrocarpus (Benth.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 101.
1906.
Rhynchosia macrocarpa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 11. 1839.
Chihuahua and Durango to Hidalgo; type from Aguascalientes.
Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent ; leaflets 3 to 11 em. long, densely
pubescent ; flowers large, in long racemes; fruit about 4 cm. long and 1.2 cm.
wide, densely pubescent ; seeds dark brown.
Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 198, 1843.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 497
8. Dolicholus discolor (Mart. & Gal.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 101.
1906.
Rhynchosia discolor Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 10°: 198. 1843.
Rhynchosia australis Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 48. 1903. Not R. aus-
tralis Benth. 1864.
Rhynchosia cuernavacana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 313. 1905.
Dolicholus cuernavacanus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 101. 1906.
Durango to Morelos and Chiapas; perhaps also in Sonora; type from Oaxaca.
Guatemala,
Leaflets mostly deltoid-ovate, 3.5 to 9 cm. long; flowers large and showy, in
long racemes.
4. Dolicholus longeracemosus (Mart. & Gal.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10:
101. 1906.
Rhynchosia longeracemosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 198. 1843.
Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leén to Oaxaca and Guerrero; type from Veracruz.
Central America.
Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent ; flowers yellow, in long racemes ;
seeds mottled with light and dark brown.
Perhaps not distinct from D. reticulatus (Swartz) Millsp.. of the West Indies.
5. Dolicholus nigropunctatus (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10:
101. 1906.
Rhynchosia nigropunctata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 22: 408, 1887.
Veracruz and Jalisco; type from Guadalajara.
Plants scandent; petals yellow within, brownish outside.
6. Dolicholus potosinus (T. 8. Brandeg.) Standl.
Rhynchosia potosina T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 181. 1911.
San Luis Potosi; type from Guascama.
Plants scandent, very viscid.
It is probable that this is not distinct from D. nigropunctatus.
7. Dolicholus minimus (L.) Medic. Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2: 354. 1787.
Dolichos minimus L. Sp. Pl. 726. 1753.
Rhynchosia minima DC. Prodr. 2: 385. 1825.
Rhynchosia mexicana Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 287. 1836-39.
Baja California and Sonora to Zacatecas, Yucatan, and Chiapas. Widely dis-
tributed in the tropics of both hemispheres.
Slender vine, herbaceous or suffrutescent; flowers small, yellow, often striped
with red outside; seeds dark brown or black. “ Frijolillo’”’ (Cuba).
This has been reported from Yucatan as Galactia multifiora Robinson.
8. Dolicholus phaseoloides (Swartz) Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 3*: 62. 1898.
Glycine phaseoloides Swartz, Prodr. F]. Ind. Occ. 105. 1788.
Glycine precatoria Willd. Enum. Pl. 2: 755. 1809.
Rhynchosia phaseoloides DC. Prodr. 2: 385. 1825.
Rhynchosia precatoria DC. Prodr. 2: 385. 1825.
Rhynchosia erythrinoides Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 587. 1830.
Dolicholus vailiae Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 101. 1906.
Sonora to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in
tropical America.
Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent; flowers small, yellow, striped
with brown; seeds particolored, half black and half scarlet. “ Frijolillo” (Vera-
cruz); “peonia” (Jalisco, San Luis Potosi); “negritos’” (San Luis Potosf,
Guerrero, Jalisco) ; “ atecuixtli” (Nahuatl, “ crab-eyes”) ; “colorin chiquito”
(Guerrero, Morelos, Durango, Oaxaca) ; “ ojo de cangrejo”’ (Guerrero, Morelos,
ete.) ; “pulguitas” (Guerrero, Oaxaca); “ojo de zanate” (Sinaloa); “ frijol
498 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
de chintlatahua ” (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “ colorincito,” “ ojo de chanata” (Durango,-
Patoni) ; “ ojitos de picho” (Tabasco, Rovirosa) ; “‘ senecuilche,”. “ xenecuilche,”
“pipilzintli” (Nweva Farimacopea Mexicana); ‘ purensapichu” (Michoacan,
Tarasecan, Leén); “ peronilla’’ (Colombia) ;; ‘‘bejuco de paloma,” “ peronfas ”
(Porto Rico) ; “ fruta de pitillo” (Guatemala, Honduras, Blake).
The handsome seeds are sometimes used as beads. The seeds are belieyed
popularly to be poisonous and to cause a kind of insanity.
42. ERYTHRINA L. Sp. Pl. 706. 1753.
{EFERENCE: Standley, The Mexican and Central American species of Hry-
thrina, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 175-182. 1919.
Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, usually with spiny branches; leaves pinnately
3-foliolate; flowers in axillary or terminal racemes, showy, red or reddish;
standard petal large or elongate, the other petals small, the wings sometimes
wanting; fruit stipitate, linear, bivalvate.
The species ‘are very common in many parts of Mexico, and their properties
are well known there, but in literature there has been great confusion con-
cerning the specific names. The larger forms are often planted as hedges
because of their showy flowers and well-armed branches. Most of the species,
unfortunately, flower when devoid of leaves. The plants were used for
hedges by the early inhabitants of Mexico, and they are sometimes planted
now for coffee shade. Branches take root readily when placed in the ground.
The wood is very soft and light and is used for corks, for carving small figures
and images, and for various other purposes. The bark is said to yield a yellow
dye. The succulent flowers are often cooked and eaten as a vegetable or
prepared as a salad.
The handsome seeds, usually of various shades of red, are strung as neck-
laces, and also used by children in games. They were employed by the early
Mexicans in a game. somewhat like dice, known as “patol.” It is of interest
to find that this name is now employed by the Hopi and other Pueblo Indians
for a stick-dice game.
The seeds of one of the Mexican species have been studied by Altamirano,
who found in them erythroidine, a powerful paralyzant of the motor system,
erythroresin, an emetic, coralin, and erythric acid. The extract has been sug-
gested as a substitute for curare. The poisonous properties of the seeds are
well known in Mexico, and they are used to destroy noxious animals. They
have been employed also as a hypnotic agent. Species of Hrythrina growing ~
in other regions are known to have poisonous seeds, as in the case of the Javan
EB. lithosperma Blume, from whose seeds a tetanizing alkaloid, hypaphorine,
has been extracted.
The bark and stems have similar poisonous properties, and they are em-
ployed in tropical America to stupefy fish. From the bark an alkaloid, ery-
thrine, has been extracted, which has a powerful effect on the nervous system.
In Brazil the bark is employed in small doses as a hypnotic, purgative, and
diuretic. The roots are used in Mexico for their supposed sudorifie properties.
The leaves are reputed emmenagogue, and a decoction of the flowers is used
in treating chest affections. The juice of the stems is applied to scorpion
stings.
A large number of vernacular names are reported from Mexico, but in most
cases the specific application is doubtful. The usual names for the seeds are —
“colorin”’ and “ patol” (from the Nahuatl, patolli) ; for the flowers “ pitos.”
The following names are listed in literature: “ Zompantli,’ “ zompancle,”
“zompantle,”’ “ zumpantle,” “ tzompantli,’ “tzompantle” (from the Nahuatl
tzon-pantli, ‘‘hair-banner™; also tzon-pan-cuahuitl. ‘“ hair-banner-tree’’); _
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 499
“cozquelite” (Reko); “purenchequa,” “pureque” (Michoacin, Tarascan) ;
“tzinacanquahuitl”; “chijol” (from the Nahuatl chi-vo-lli, “ swollen-pod,”
Reko); “chocolin” (seeds); “ pichoco”’; “ jiquimite,” “ iquimite”; ‘ peonia”
(Jalisco, Chihuahua); ‘“chilicote’” (Chihuahua); “chottza,’ “demthy”
(Otomi, Buelna).
One species of doubtful determination is figured, without description, by
Hernindez* under the name “ macayxtli.”
Standard petals very broad, oval. Calyx bilobate; seeds brown.
. 1. E. breviflora.
Standard narrow, linear or linear-oblong.
Fruit and ovary aculeate.
Galyxaidentates: bes abetectivs eh tshsy be de ipyieed. geet AEs yee 2. E. setosa.
Calyx cleft on one side at the apex, not dentate______ 3. E. leptorhiza.
Fruit and ovary not aculeate.
Calyx cleft on one side at the apex, or conspicuously bilobate.
Calyx cleft on one side at the apex______-_________ > 4, E. rubrinervia.
algun pilobate: 26.22. 2 berigl dum chon, sage ogee 5. E. montana.
Calyx truncate.
Standard densely lanate or tomentulose.
Seeds about 8 mm. long; standard 7 cm. long; fruit deeply constricted
eiween he, Seeds. 4 ager) ele holes oe DE a as 6. E. lanata.
Seeds about 12 mm. long; standard 5 to 5.5 cm. long; fruit shallowly
constricted between the seeds______________ 7. E. occidentalis.
Standard glabrous or nearly so.
Leaflets, at least the terminal ones, conspicuously sinuate-lobate.
8. E. herbacea.
Leaflets never lobate.
Seeds about 15 mm. long; leaflets usually rounded or very obtuse at
STONE Se aa sage oe ee ee Se ee 9. E. flabelliformis.
Seeds about 10 mm. long; leaflets usually acute or acuminate at
apex.
Standard 8 cm. long; fruit deeply constricted between the seeds;
leaflets aculeate beneath_________________ 10. EB. goldmanii.
Standard 6.5 cm. long or shorter; fruit only slightly constricted
between the seeds; leaflets not aculeate____11. E. americana.
1. Erythrina breviflora DC. Prodr. 2: 413. 1825.
Brythrina latifiora Sessé & Moc. Pl. Noy. Hisp. 55. 1887.
HBrythrina petraea T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 247. 1908.
Jalisco to Morelos and Puebla; type from Ayacapixtla.
Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high, usually with spiny stems; leaflets 8 to 19 em.
long, broadly rhombic, pubescent beneath and often aculeolate along the veins,
short-pointed; racemes short, rather few-flowered; banner about 3 ecm. long;
seeds brown, about 17 mm. long.
Specimens from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla, are remarkable in having
leaflets only 2 to 3.5 cm. long, but the material appears to be properly refer-
able to this species. The shrub flowers when in full leaf.
2. Erythrina setosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 107: 194. 1843.
Mountains of Oaxaca and perhaps elsewhere; type from Regla and the eastern
cordillera of Oaxaca.
Stems probably always herbaceous, about 60 cm. high, prickly, nearly glabrous ;
leaflets 6 to 12 cm. long, acute or acutish. glabrous or nearly so, aculeolate
*Thesaurus 382. 1651.
500 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
beneath along the veins; racemes short and dense, on very long peduncles;
banner 4.5 to 6 cm. long, glabrous.
Erythrina horrida DC.’ is probably the older name for the species. It was
based upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s plates which, however, is too poor for
certain identification. It is possible that H. horrida is rather to be referred to
E. leptorhiza.
8. Erythrina leptorhiza DC. Prodr. 2: 413. 1825.
Michoacin to Hidalgo and Mexico.
Stems probably always herbaceous, 30 to 60 cm. high, usually priekly ; leaf-
lets 4 to 13 cm. long, acute or obtuse, puberulent or glabrate, often aculeolate
beneath along the veins, the yenation usually prominent and reticulate; banner
7 to 8 cm. long; fruit 2 to 4-seeded, slightly constricted between the seeds,
densely aculeate; seeds nearly black, about 1.5 cm. long. ‘* Patol,” “ colorin
negro” (Michoacan) ; “ cochizquilitl” (Urbina).
The roots are thick and fleshy or somewhat woody. The name Hrythrina
leptocalyx Rose was applied to specimens of this species, and has appeared in ~
print, but it has never been properly published.
4. Erythrina rubrinervia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 484. 18238.
Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Veracruz. Guatemala to Colombia; Cuba; type from
Fusagasuga, Colombia.
Shrub or tree, 2.5 to 9 meters high, with broad crown, the branches spiny
or unarmed; leaflets 6 to 18 cm. long, usually acute or acuminate, glabrous or
nearly so, paler beneath; banner 7 to 8.5 cm. long; fruit strongly constricted
between the seeds; seeds 8 to 10 mm. long, scarlet. ‘ Pito” (Guatemala).
5. Erythrina montana Rose & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 179. 1919.
Durango to Jalisco; type from the Sierra Madre near Santa Teresa, Tepic.
Stems probably always herbaceous, 60 cm. high, unarmed; leaflets 4 to 13
em. long, rounded to acute at apex, glabrous or nearly So, conspicuously reticu-
late-veined, usually minutely aculeolate beneath along the veins; standara 5
to 7 em. long, glabrous; fruit 1 to 4-seeded, slightly constricted between the
seeds.
The flowers seem to vary considerably in color, being purplish green, or
amber-colored tinted with salmon.
6. Eyrthrina lanata Rose, U. S. Dept. Agr. N. Amer. Fauna 14: 81. f. 1. 1899.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub with spiny branches; leaflets 4 to 7 em. long or larger, pointed, glabrous
or nearly so, paler beneath; seeds scarlet, 7 to 8 mm. long.
7. Erythrina occidentalis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 180. 1919.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Mazatlan, Sinaloa.
Shrub or small tree, often 5 to 6 meters high, with gray spiny branches, leaf-
less at anthesis; leaflets 5 to 17 cm. long, acute or acutish, tomentulose beneath
when young but soon glabrate; racemes dense, elongate; flowers rose or red;
fruit 5 to 10-seeded; seeds scarlet, about 12 mm. long. “ Colorin” (Sinaloa).
The wood is used to some extent, and is said to be durable in dry places.
Bottle stoppers are often made from it.
8. Erythrina herbacea L. Sp. Pl. 706. 1753.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi. Southeastern United States.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 3 meters high or larger, with few stiff branches, the
trunk very spiny; leaflets 4 to 8 cm. long, usually acute or acutish, glabrous or
nearly so, usually somewhat 3-lobed; banner 5 to 5.5 em. long, red or reddish;
1Prodr. 2: 418. 1825.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 501
seeds 5 to 10, scarlet, about 1 cm. long. ‘ Colorin,” “ patol colorin” (Tamauli-
pas); “patol” (San Luis Potosi).
In San Luis Potosi the seeds are used to poison rats and dogs. The soft wood
is employed for making figures of saints, ete. In Mexico this species is ap-
parently always a shrub or tree, but in Florida it is often herbaceous and some-
times a scandent shrub.
9. Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney, Trans. N. Y. Acad. 14: 32. 1894.
Brythrina purpusi T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 158. 1903.
Baja California to Sonora, San Luis Potosi, and Morelos. Southern Arizona
(type from Fort Huachuca) and New Mexico.
Shrub or small tree with spiny branches; leaflets 4 to 8 cm. long, rarely acute,
usually broader than long, tomentulose beneath at first but soon glabrate;
racemes usually dense and many-flowered; banner red, 4 to 6 em. long; fruit
sometimes 80 cm. long, with 2 to many seeds, rather shallowly constricted be-
tween the seeds; seeds usually dark red. ‘ Colorin,’” “ chilicote”’ (Durango) ;
-“eoralina’”’ (Baja California).
This is no doubt one of the species to which the name F#. coralloides has been
frequently applied. Brandegee* states that in Baja California the boys play
with the large red seeds, for which they employ the name “ chilacayote,” a name
used also for the seeds of species of Marah or Afegarrhiza, of the family Cucur-
bitaceae. Palmer reports that in Durango the seeds are used as a remedy for
toothache, and the wood for carving figures of saints, etc.
10. Erythrina goldmanii Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 181. 1919.
Chiapas; type from San Vicente.
Branches spiny ; leaflets 4 to 9 ecm. long, pilose when young but soon glabrate,
armed beneath with a few recurved prickles; fruit Several-seeded ; seeds about
1 em. long, scarlet.
11. Erythrina americana Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. EHrythrina no. 5. 1768.
Erythrina carnea Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 8. 1789.
Mexico and Veracruz to Chiapas and Yucatan; type from Veracruz.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 9 meters high, with spiny branches; leaflets 7 to 22
em, long, glabrous or nearly so; flowers red; fruit few Or many-seeded ; seeds 10
to 12 mm. long, usually scarlet. ‘“ Colorin” (Puebla); “‘ chacmolché” (Yuca-
tan, Maya) ; “pito” (Veracruz).
This is probably the species for which the names ‘ chontal,” “ madre chontal,”
“madre cacao,” and “madre brava” are used in Tabasco. It is probable also
that EH. coralloides DC? is a synonym of this species, although possibly that is
rather the proper name for EH. flabelliformis. De Candolle’s name was based
upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s drawings, but the tracing of the latter seen by
the writer is too imperfect for definite identification. HH. americana has been
reported from Mexico as EH. corallodendron L., a West Indian species with red
and black seeds which is not known to occur in Mexico.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ERYTHRINA DIVARICATA DC. Prodr. 2: 414. 1825. Based upon one of Sessé
and Mocifio’s plates, which is said to represent a Mexican plant.
ERYTHRINA LONGIPES DC. Prod, 2: 413. 1825. This also was based upon a
plate of Sessé and Mocifio.
*T. S. Brandegee, Flora of the Cape Region of Baja California, Proc. Calif.
Acad. II. 8: 108-227. 1891.
? Prodr. 2: 413. 1825.
502 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ERYTHRINA PRINCEPS Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 2: 305. 1834.
Described from Mexico. Not identifiable from the description.
ERYTHRINA ROSEA Dietr. in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 2: 253. 1834. De-
seribed from Mexico. Identity doubtful.
43. GALACTIA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 322. 1763.
Scandent or erect herbs or shrubs; leaves pinnately 3 or 5-foliolate, the
leaflets large or small; flowers small or large, usually racemose; fruit linear,
bivalvate.
Leaflets 4 to 9 em. wide. Plants secandent__-___-~~_______-_ 1. G. viridiflora.
Leaflets less than 3.5 cm. wide.
Wlowers: in; axillary clusters i2s ee eed rot ea 2. G. brachystachya.
Flowers racemose.
Racemes stout, dense, sessile, mostly shorter than the leaves.
3. G. multifiora.
Racemes slender, interrupted, pedunculate, mostly longer than the leaves.
Plants erect; leaflets acute or acuminate_________________ 4. G. incana.
Plants scandent or trailing; leaflets often obtuse.
Leaflets glabrous on the upper surface____________ 5. G. acapulcensis.
Leaflets variously pubescent on the upper surface.
Leaflets bright green on the upper surface, not closely sericeous ou
either). sumfia Geet = oer es Ste ee, eel Dupree gh 6. G. striata.
Leaflets grayish, closely sericeous on both surfaces.
Leaflets white beneath with a soft silky pubescence, oval or ovate.
7. G. argentea.
Leaflets grayish beneath with rather stiff pubescence, usually
PM es Se 8. G. wrightii.
1. Galactia: viridiflora (Rose) Standl.
Odonia viridiflora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 1038. pl. 33. 1906.
Guerrero to Morelos; type from Iguala, Guerrero.
Scandent shrub; leaflets about as broad as long, pubescent; flowers greenish
white, 1.2 cm. long, in very long racemes.
2. Galactia brachystachya Benth. Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturg. 2: 127. 1838.
Coahuila to Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Zimapan, Hidalgo.
Slender scandent shrub; leaflets oblong or oval, 1 to 4 em. long; flowers
purplish, 1 cm. long; fruit about 2 cm. long and 6 mm. wide.
3. Galactia multiflora Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 315. 1894.
Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Erect or scandent shrub, sometimes 1.5 meters high; leaflets oblong to
orbicular, 2 to 5 cm. long; flowers purplish, about 1.2 cm. long; fruit 3 to 4
em. long, 5 to 6 mm. wide.
4. Galactia incana (Rose) Standl.
Odonia incana Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 102. pl. 32. 1906.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type collected between Aguacate and Dolores, Tepic.
Leafiets ovate or oblong, 3.5 to 7 cm. long; racemes often 25 em. long.
5. Galactia acapulcensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 1387. 1897.
Baja California, Guerrero, and Morelos; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Leaflets oblong or oval, 3 to 7 cm. long. thin; flowers 1 cm. long.
Perhaps not distinct from G. striata.
6. Galactia striata (Jacq.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 320. 1900.
Glycine striata Jacq. Hort. Vindob. 1: 32. pl. 76. 1770.
Galactia brevistyla Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 288. 1838.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 5038
Odonia retusa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 102. 1906.
Chihuahua to Jalisco, Chiapas, and Yucatan. Widely distributed in tropical
America.
Plants slender, scandent, sometimes to a height of 3 meters, herbaceous or
suffrutescent ; flowers small, purple.
This has been reported from Mexico as G. tenwiflora Willd.
7. Galactia argentea T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 181. 1915.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Picacho, Oaxaca.
Seandent shrub, densely silvery-sericeous throughout; leaflets oval or ob-
long, 2 to 4 cm. long; flowers purple.
8. Galactia wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 44. 1852.
Galactia tephrodes A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 34. 1853.
Chihuahua and Sonora. Western Texas (type locality) to southern Arizona.
Plants slender, scandent, sericeous; leaflets oblong or elliptic, 2 to 5 em.
long; fruit about 4.5 cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. wide, pubescent.
44. CAJANUS DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 85. 1813.
1. Cajanus indicus Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 248. 1826.
Cytisus cajan L. Sp. Pl. 739. 1753.
Cajanus cajan Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2:53. 1900.
Cultivated in Mexico and sometimes escaping. Native country not certainly
known, but perhaps tropical Asia; widely cultivated and naturalized in tropical
regions.
Erect shrub or herb, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, the leaf-
lets ovate or oblong, 3 to 8 cm. long, acute, puberulent and gland-dotted beneath ;
flowers large, yellow, often striped or spotted with red, in short racemes; fruit
' oblong-linear, bivalvate, pilose; seeds small, gray or brownish. “ Frijol de
palo” (Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica); “ frijolillo” (Costa Rica); “ gar-
banzo falso”’ (Nicaragua); “ guandti” (Costa Rica, Porto Rico); ‘ gandul,”
“gandures’”’ (Porto Rico) ; “ timolillo,” ‘‘ quinbolillo’’ (Costa Rica); ‘* chicha-
rros,” “quinconcho” (Venezuela) ; “ frijol guandus”’ (Colombia).
The English name “ pigeon-pea”’ is said to have been given because pigeons
are fond of the seeds. The plant is extensively cultivated in some tropical re-
gions for its edible seeds, and in India it is said to hold third rank among the
leguminous plants cultivated for food. The seeds are eaten either ripe or green.
When cultivated the plant is usually treated as an annual, but if not cut it
becomes a truly woody shrub. It is often grown for forage, and in Madagascar
the leaves have been utilized as food for silkworms. In Bengal the plant has
been grown as a host plant for lac insects. The stems are used in Asia for roofs
and baskets, and they have been burnt into charcoal for gunpowder. Diuretic,
astringent, antidysenteric, detersive, laxative, and vulnerary properties are
ascribed to the plant. With regard to the flowers there are two chief varieties,
One with yellow petals, the other with the standard purplish outside.
45. MUCUNA Adans. Fam. ‘Pl. 2: 325, 1763.
Scandent herbs or shrubs; leaves pinnate, 3-foliolate; flowers large, fascicu-
late or racemose; fruit thick and hard, usually covered with stinging hairs.
Some species of the genus are grown extensively as forage plants.
MEME With LranSVerselerest sss ae me re 1. M. sloanei.
Fruit without transverse crests.
Fruit 4.5 to 5 em. wide, flat; leaflets densely lustrous-sericeous beneath.
2. M. argyrophylla.
Fruit less than 2 em. wide, very thick; leaflets sparsely sericeous beneath.
3. M. pruriens.
55268—22——22 ;
504 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Mucuna sloanei Fawe. & Rendle, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 55: 36. 1917.
Michoacan and Guerrero to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Tropical America and west-
ern Africa.
Scandent shrub or herb; leaflets about 9 cm. long, silvery-sericeous beneath;
flowers large, yellow; fruit 4 to 5 em. wide, densely covered with bristly hairs;
seeds subglobose, dark brownish gray, 2.5 cm. in diameter. ‘“ Pica-pica”
(Oaxaca, Veracruz) ; “ ojo de venado” (Guerrero, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Panama) ;
“ojo de borrico”’ (Veracruz) ; “ ojo de buey ” (Oaxaca, Porto Rico) ; “ matos del
monte,” ‘“‘ matos” (Porto Rico).
The seeds were eaten by the Caribs of the West Indies, and were formerly used
in Jamaica for the manufacture of buttons and snuff-boxes. In Mexico they are
sometimes worn as amulets. They are said also to be purgative and diuretic.
The leaves are reported to yield a black dye. The hairs of the pods cause intense
irritation when in contact with the skin. Formerly these hairs, like those of
M. pruriens, mixed with molasses, formed a mixture of wide usage, administered
internally, for the destruction of intestinal parasites in man. The hairs are
softened by soaking in molasses, and are said to have no injurious effect upon the
lining of the alimentary canal.
This is probably the plant reported from Mexico by Sessé and Mocifio* as
Dolichos altissimus.
2. Mucuna argyrophylla Standl., sp. nov.
Chiapas and Oaxaca; type from Ocuilapa, Chiapas (Nelson 3060; U. S. Nat.
Herb. no. 234283).
Young branches densely appressed-pilose; petioles slender, 6.5 to 10 cm. long,
the petiolules 5 to 8 mm. long; leafilets 8.5 to 16 em. long, 5.5 to 10 em. wide, ab-
ruptly short-acuminate at apex, the terminal one broadly elliptic-oval or
rounded-oval, rounded at the base, the lateral ones usually smaller, oblique,
very unequal at base, the leaflets thin, hispidulous on the upper surface, be-
neath densely silvery-sericeous with lustrous hairs; peduncles often 50 cm.
long or longer, slender, the racemes dense, 2.5 to 6.5 em. long, the pedicels re-
curved, 4 to 5 em. long; calyx about 12 mm. long and broad, densely sericeous,
the teeth very short, obtuse; standard petal 2 ecm. wide (when flattened out),
the blade 2 cm. long, the claw 5 mm. long; wings about as long as the standard,
7 to 8 mm. wide; keel 4.5 em. long, about 1 em. wide, rounded at apex; fruit
about 20 em. long and 4.5 ecm. wide, 2 to 4-seeded, densely hispid with short
brown hairs, sessile, the valves thin, smooth.
3. Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Prodr. 2: 405. 1825.
Dolichos pruriens I. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1162. 1750.
Veracruz. Widely distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres.
Scandent or procumbent shrub or herb; flowers dark purple, in pendent
racemes; fruit 7 to 10 cm. long, very densely covered with stinging hairs; seeds
small, blackish brown. ‘ Pica-pica” (Veracruz, Costa Rica, Cuba) ; “ guzano
de pica-pica” (Nicaragua).
The English names are “cowage’’ and ‘“ cowitch.” In India the powdered
seeds are said to be used as an aphrodisiac, and the green seeds are cooked and
eaten. The seeds are said to be used sometimes as a substitute for coffee.
46. BRADBURYA Raf. Fl. Ludov. 104. 1817.
Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves pinnate, 3-foliolate, or
sometimes unifoliolate ; flowers large, showy, the axillary peduncles with one or
more flowers; fruit linear, bivalvate.
One or two herbaceous species also occur in Mexico.
* Pl. Nov. Hisp. 117. 1887.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 505
Leaves unifoliolate, the leaflets hastate___-___________-________ 1. B. sagittata.
Leaves 3-foliolate. }
Wentiets Nastatess. a 2 se es eee een eae nk 2. B. schottii.
Leaflets not hastate.
Fruit 8 to 10 mm. wide; upper calyx lobes nearly obsolete__3. B. plumieri,
Fruit 4 to 6 mm. wide; upper calyx lobes equaling or longer than the tube.
Upper calyx lobes about as long as the tube; bracts densely sericeous.
4. B. pubescens.
Upper calyx lobes much longer than the tube; bracts puberulent.
5. B. virginiana.
1. Bradburya sagittata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 46.
1903.
Glycine sagittata Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Enum. Pl. 757. 1809.
Centrosema hastatum Benth. Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturg. 2: 120. 1838.
Centrosema dubium Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 294. 1880.
Veracruz to Colima and Oaxaca. Costa Rica; Colombia (type locality).
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaflets 6 to 11 cm. long, acuminate, glab-
rate; petiole winged; flowers about 4.5 em. long; fruit 8 to 14 cm. long, 6 to 8
mm. wide, with a long slender beak.
2. Bradburya schottii Millsp. Field Mus. Bot, 1: 364. 1898.
Centrosema schoitii K. Schum. in Just’s Bot. Jahresb. 267: 353. 1900.
Yucatan ; type from Nohpat.
Plants scandent to a height of 3 meters; flowers 3.5 em, long; fruit 12.5
to 15 cm. long, 6 mm. wide.
3. Bradburya plumieri (Turp.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 164. 1891.
Clitoria plumieri Turp.; Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 303. 1807.
Centrosema plumieri Benth. Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturg. 2: 118. 1838.
Guerrero to Veracruz, Yucatan, and Chiapas. Widely distributed in tropical
America.
Scandent shrub or herb; leaflets suborbicular to oval-oblong, 3.5 to 10 em.
long, apiculate or short-acuminate; flowers 4.5 to 5 em, long, dark purple to
pinkish white; fruit 10 to 18 em. long. “ Frijolillo,’ ‘ patitos” (Tabasco) ;
“mariposa ’’ (Campeche).
4. Bradburya pubescens (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 164. 1891.
Centrosema pubescens Benth. Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturg. 2: 119. 1838.
Clitoria schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 284. 1838.
? Clitoria grandiflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux 107: 189. 1848.
Bradburya schiedeana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 46. 1903.
Guerrero to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Widely distributed in
tropical America.
Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaflets elliptic or ovate. 4 to
10 cm. long, pubescent, short-acuminate; flowers 3 to 4 em. long, yellowish or
purple; fruit about 15 em. long. “ Flor de pito” (Porto Rico).
5. Bradburya virginiana (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 164. 1891.
Clitoria virginiana L. Sp. PI. 753. 1753.
Centrosema virginiana Benth. Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturg. 2: 120. 1838.
Tamaulipas to Yucatin, Chiapas, and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in tropi-
cal America; southern United States; western Africa.
Plants usually herbuceous but sometimes scandent to a height of 6 meters;
leaflets ovate or oblong, 3 to 7.5 em. long, bright green, acute; flowers 2 em.
long, blue or purplish; fruit 10 to 15 cm. long. ‘ Sonajera azul,” “hierba de
bulla,” “ chochito,” “ crica de negra” (Porto Rico).
506 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Various medicinal uses are reported from Porto Rico for the plant. Gro-
sourdy states that the flowers yield a blue dye.
47. CALOPOGONIUM Desv. Ann. Sci. Nat. 9: 423. 1826.
Another species, C. galactoides Benth., a herbaceous plant, also occurs in
Mexico.
1. Calopogonium caeruleum (Benth.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 301.
1880.
Stenolobium caeruleum Benth. Ann. Wien. Mus. Naturg. 2: 125. 1838.
Tepic to Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America, West Indies, and South
America; type from Brazil.
Scandent or trailing shrub or herb; leaves pinately 3-foliolate, the leaflets
rhombic, obtuse or acute; flowers small, violet, in long spikelike racemes; fruit
flattened, 5 to 7 cm. long, 8 mm. wide.
48. ANDIRA Lam. Hncyl. 1: 171. 1783.
Unarmed trees; leaves pinnate, the leaflets large or of medium size; flowers
pink or violet, paniculate; fruit drupaceous, ovoid or obovoid, indehiscent.
The seeds of some South American species have anthelmintic properties.
. Leaflets glabrous beneath, acute or abruptly acuminate; flowers about 1 cm.
Jeng. een. Ret ay 32) Ou BO Bese selis iy sees 1. A. jamaicensis.>
Leaflets densely tomentose beneath, rounded or very obtuse at the apex;
Howerssaboutl leSiem: Jongseu eis. 2s eee ee 2. A. galeottiana.
1. Andira jamaicensis (W. Wright) Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 298. 1905.
Geoffraea jamaicensis W. Wright, Phil. Trans. Lond. 67: 512. 1777.
Geoffraea inermis Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 106. 1788.
Andira excelsa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 385. 1823.
Andira inermis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 385. 1828.
“Michoacin to Chiapas; reported from Tabasco and Yucatéin. West Indies,
Central America, South America, and western Africa; type from Jamaica.
Tree, sometimes 30 meters high; leaflets usually 9 or 11, oblong or ovate,
large, acuminate; flowers small, paniculate, purple or reddish violet, sometimes
pink; fruit rounded, oval, or obovate, 2.5 to 4 em. long or larger. ‘* Cuilim-
buca” (Mochoacin, Guerrero); “ yabo,’ ‘“ yaba” (Yucatan, Cuba); ‘‘maca
colorada,” ‘pacay,” ‘‘macallo,” “moca” (Tabasco); ‘“macayo” (Tabasco,
Oaxaca); “ pilén”’ (Guiana) ; “ moca,”’ “‘moca blanca” (Porto Rico) ; ‘“ guaca-
mayo” (Guatemala, Honduras, Blake).
Wood hard and durable, varying from yellowish to dark brown or even
black, susceptible of a high polish, the specific gravity reported as 0.748 and
0.880. In Tabasco it is valued for construction purposes. The tree has a
disagreeable odor. In Porto Rico it is sometimes planted for coffee shade.
The bark and seeds are used as a purgative, vermifuge, febrifuge, or anthel-
mintic, but large doses are said to be dangerous, producing delirium or even
death. The seeds are said to contain a poisonous alkaloid.
2. Andira galeottiana Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 20: 217. 1919.
Veracruz and Puebla; type from Catemaco, Veracruz.
Leaflets 5 to 13, oblong to obovate-oblong, 3 to 13 em. long, glabrate on the
upper surface; racemes dense, 6 to 9 em. long, forming a large panicle; ovary
glabrous. ‘“ Macayo” (Puebla).
49. AMERIMNON Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 27. 1760.
Trees or shrubs, unarmed, often scandent; leaves pinnate, with numerous
leaflets, rarely unifoliolate; flewers small, usually paniculate; fruit oblong or
linear, flat, thin, indehiscent, 1 or few-seeded.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 507
Some of the Asiatic and South American species yield part of the rosewood
of commerce.
Meee ty ale 2 Bideny eer ee 2 ep 8 ys eee Ae teers ge fe 1. A. brownii.
Leaflets 5 or more.
Meaneisrol arouse DCNER ENE kn ee ae 2. A. granadilio.
Leaflets thinly sericeous beneath. :
eae LS ley mOu sr CI lON oes cece eee eS ee ee ee 3. A. glabrum.
HOE MILCES ver DL OwOy CIs LOU Der ees 4. A. glomeratum.
1. Amerimnon brownii Jacq. Enum, Pl. Carib. 27. 1760.
Dalbergia amerimnum Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 36. 1860.
Dalbergia brownii Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 295. 1905.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Central America, West Indies, and
South America.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high, often with long reclining branches; leaves ovate
or oval, 3.5 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or acute, lustrous, glabrous; flowers white,
in dense clusters. ‘“ Péndola” (Cuba).
2. Amerimnon granadillo Standl., sp. nov.
Oaxaca to Michoacin; type from El] Tibor, Michoacan or Guerrero, altitude
100 meters (Langlassé 294; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 385583).
Tree, the branchlets slender, glabrous; leaves glabrous, the rachis 9.5 to 18
em. long, slender, glaucescent, the petiolules 2.5 to 3 mm. long; leaflets 7 to 11,
elliptic-oval or ovate-oval, 3 to 7 cm. long, 1.7 to 4 cm. wide, rounded at base,
obtuse or rounded-obtuse at apex, sometimes with a somewhat abrupt obtuse
tip, thin, bright green and lustrous on the upper surface, paler beneath, the
venation prominent and reticulate on both surfaces; cymes lax, few-flowered,
the pedicels in fruit 4 to 5 mm. long, very stout; calyx persistent in fruit, thinly
sericeous with short brown hairs, the lobes obtuse; fruit very flat and thin, 1
to 3-seeded, 8 to 15 em. long, 1.7 to 2 em. wide, sometimes slightly constricted in
the middle, acuminate at apex, attenuate at base, lustrous, glabrous, reticulate-
veined, the slender stipe 10 to 12 mm. long.
Collected also at Apango (Cerro Huatulco), Oaxaca, altitude 400 meters, Octo-
ber 10, 1917, by B. P. Reko (no. 3517).
Related to Dalbergia retusa Hemsl., a species of Panama, which is distin-
guished by the sericeous lower surface of the leaflets and broader, shorter fruit.
Amerimnon granadillo is a well-known forest tree of the west coast of Mexico,
and there are several references to it in literature under the vernacular name of
“granadillo.” It is highly valued for use in cabinet work. A specimen of the
wood has been forwarded by Dr. Reko. It is very heavy and hard, of a beautiful
.purple color, with broad stripes of purplish black; it takes a fine polish.
3. Amerimnon glabrum (Mill.) Standl.
Robinia glabra Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Robinia no. 5. 1768.
Dalbergia campeachiana Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 37. 1860.
Amerimnon campeachianum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 159. 1891.
Dalbergia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 501. 1919.
Veracruz, Morelos, and Oaxaca to Yueatin; type from Campeche.
Seandent shrub; leafiets about 9, oval, rounded at the apex, paler beneath;
flowers small, white, in loose clusters; fruit 4 to 6 em. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide,
thin. “Cibix” (Yucatan, Maya); “bejuco de panune,” “bejuco de estribo”
(Oaxaca).
4. Amerimnon glomeratum (Hemsl.) Standl.
Dalbergia glomerata Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 8. 1878.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra Zongolica, Veracruz.
508 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaflets 11 or 13, ovate-oblong, obtuse; flowers smaller than those of the last
species, in dense cymes.
50. PTEROCARPUS L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1662. 1763.
Unarmed trees; leaves pinnate, with few large leaflets; flowers large, race-
mose or paniculate ; fruit short and broad, compressed, 1 or 2-seeded, indehis-
cent. J
Some of the Asiatic species yield gums which are used medicinally for diar-
rhoea, and also for dyeing and tanning. Others yield valuable woods.
Fruit sessile or nearly so, densely cinereo-puberulent ; calyx densely puberulent,
PHEVLODESMaACH UC! © ee ee SB eo eee es ee ee 1. P. orbiculatus.
Fruit long stipitate; calyx lobes very obtuse.
Calyx densely pubescent; leaflets acutish or obtuse at apex.
2. P. acapulcensis.
Calyx glabrate; leaflets cuspidate-acuminate_______________ 3. P. officinalis.
1. Pterocarpus orbiculatus DC. Prodr. 2: 418. 1825.
Amphymenium pubescens H. B. IX. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 380. 18238.
Pterocarpus amphymenium DC. Prodr. 2: 418. 1825.
Pterocarpus pubescens Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4: Cur. Post. 268. 1827. Not P.
pubescens Poir. 1804.
Pterocarpus aphyllus Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 266.
pl. 16. 1908.
Guerrero, Michoacén,Oaxaca, and Veracruz.
Tree, 6 to 8 meters high, with white bark; leaflets 3 to 7, large, variable
in shape, nearly glabrous; flowers yellow, rather large, racemose; fruit sub-
orbicular, 4 to 5 cm, broad, surrounded by a broad thin wing. ‘“ Llora-sangre ”
(Guerrero) ; “ guayabillo” (Michoacan).
Pterocarpus crispatus DC.* may be the same species. Its fruit is not known.
2. Pterocarpus acapulcensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 148. 1897.
Veracruz, Guerrero, and Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Tree, 7 meters high or larger, with yellow flowers; leaflets pale beneath; fruit
5 to 6.5 em. long. “ Drago” (Guerrero, Oaxaca); “sangre de drago,” “san-
gredrago”’ (Oaxaca).
This may be the species reported by Ramirez from Michoacéin as P. draco,
with the vernacular name “ huahuauchi.”
3. Pterocarpus officinalis Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 283. pl. 1838, f. 92. 1768.
Pterocarpus draco l. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1662, in part. 1763.
Yucatén. Central America, West Indies, and northern South America.
Tree, sometimes 24 meters high, with yellow or yellowish brown flowers;
wood dirty white, with a specific gravity of about 0.554. ‘“ Sangre de drago”’
(Guatemala, Nicaragua); ‘‘sangregado” (Nicaragua); “palo de _ pollo”
(Porto Rico).
As in other species, when the bark is cut it exudes a blood-red juice that
soon solidifies and forms a red resin which is insipid and inodorous. It was
formerly used in medicine under the name of ‘“ dragon’s-blood,” and large
amounts were at one time sent to Spain from Cartagena, Colombia. ‘
51. DREPANOCARPUS Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 236. 1818.
Trees or shrubs sometimes scandent; leaves unequally pinnate, estipellate,
the leaflets alternate; flowers purple or white, in short axillary racemes or in
terminal panicles; fruit faleate, compressed, indehiscent, 1-seeded.
*Prodr. 2: 418. 1825.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 509
Leaflets usually 7; standard petal sericeous.
ect CU see CUNT he ee eee ee ee ee ae ek 1. D. inundatus.
Pe aie CSer OU OL Ol cate iC Xe ee eee eee eg Se 2. D. lunatus.
Leaflets 25 to 30; Standard petal glabrous__________-_____ 3. D. mucronulatus.
1. Drepanocarpus inundatus Mart.; Benth. Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien
2: 96. 18388.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America to Brazil. ‘
Shrub, usually scandent; leaflets 5 to 9, ovate to lance-oblong, 4 to 8 em. long,
glabrous or nearly so; flowers sessile.
2. Drepanocarpus lunatus (L. f.) Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 238. 1818.
Pterocarpus lunatus L. f. Suppl. Pl. 317. 1781.
Reported from Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, South America, and
western Africa.
Shrub, 2 to 5 meters high, armed with short recurved spines; leaflets oblong,
1.5 to 5 ecm. long, with very numerous fine close nerves; flowers purple; fruit flat,
short, strongly curved. Known in Porto Rico as “ escambr6én”’ or “ palo de hoz.”
8. Drepanocarpus mucronulatus Benth.; Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 8. 1878.
Known only from the type locality, Bolanfios, Jalisco.
Leaflets oblong, 6 to 10 mm. long, mucronate, hirsute beneath; flowers short-
pedicellate, 5 to 6 mm. long.
Of this Hemsley says, “ A very distinct plant, perhaps the type of a new genus.”
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
DREPANOCARPUS ? CYATHIFORMIS DC. Prodr. 2: 420. 1825. Described from some-
where in Mexico. Probably a synonym of Dalbergia monetaria L. f., which is not
known to occur in Mexico.
52. MACHAERIUM Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 276. 1807.
Scandent shrubs or erect trees, usually armed with spines; leaves pinnate;
flowers small or of medium size, racemose or paniculate; fruit compressed,
samara-like, 1-seeded, indehiscent.
Some of the South American species yield valuable wood which forms part of
the rosewood of commerce.
weaets acuminate, elliptic: or!ovaten2 =. 47. Ves 1. M. latifolium.
Leaflets rounded or retuse at the apex, oblong or obovate-oblong.
LECECW TCT ESTES A KS ea en eer Teter er rr es 4. M. riparium.
Leaflets more than 9 in most of the leaves.
Inflorescence puberulent or with minute appressed hairs; leaflets mostly 1.5
OO UTE cece a ees el ape See eae oe 2. M. biovulatum.
Inflorescence setulose-pilose with stiff yellowish hairs; leaflets 6 to 8 mm.
NG al al lela ter A a a a vp RADE ce ONL Aiea SS hey 3. M. setulosum,
1. Machaerium latifolium (Benth.) Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 470.
1921.
Machaerium acuminatum latifolium Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 65,
1860.
Veracruz. Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
Shrub, probably scandent; leaflets 5 or 7, elliptic, 5 to 12 em. long, glabrate;
fruit 7 to 8 em. long, glabrous, the thin wing 2 cm. wide or wider.
2. Machaerium biovulatum Micheli, Mém. Soe. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 34: 265.
pl. 15. 1903.
Michoacin to Oaxaca; type from El Ocote. Guatemala.
Large scandent shrub, armed with short recurved spines; leaflets 3 to 5 cm.
long, bright green, pale beneath, with numerous fine close nerves; flowers violet;
fruit 5 to 6 cm. long, the wing 1.2 to 1.5 em. wide.
It may be that two species are represented by the material referred here.
510 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Machaerium setulosum Pittier, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 477. 1921.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan.
Subscandent shrub; leaflets numerous, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, with fine parallel
nerves, pubescent beneath; flowers violet.
4. Machaerium riparium T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 500. 1919.
Known only from the type lee Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Leaflets oblong or elliptic, about 3 cm. long, glabrous; panicles ferruginous-
pubescent ; fruit glabrous, 6 cm. long, the wing 1.8 cm. wide.
The writer has seen no material of this species.
53. PLATYMISCIUM Vog. Linnaea 11: 198. 1837.
Trees or shrubs; leaves glabrous, estipellate, the leaflets few, opposite; ra-
cemes borne on new or old branches, solitary or fasciculate; corolla yellow,
glabrous; fruit oblong, flat, submembranaceous, indehiscent.
Leaflets 3; rachis of the racemes glabrous________________ 1. P. trifoliolatum.
Leaflets 5; rachis of the racemes finely puberulent__________ 2. P. yucatanum,
1. Platymiscium trifoliolatum Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 82. 1860.
Type collected between San Blas, Tepic, and Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Leaflets ovate-elliptic, acuminate, acute at base; racemes 7 to 13 ecm. long,
the flowers long-pedicellate, 10 to 12 mm. long; young fruit about 3.5 em. long
and § mm. wide.
2. Platymiscium yucatanum Standl., sp. nov. <
Type from Izamal, Yucatan, flowering in February (Gaumer 377; U. S. Nat.
Herb. no. 571629).
Tree, 24 meters high, the branchlets gray; leaves glabrous, the petiole about
3 cm. long; leaflets 5, ovate or ovate-oblong, 4 to 6 em. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide,
obtusely acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, coriaceous, lustrous, the venation
prominent and reticulate on both surfaces, the petiolules 5 to 6 mm. long; ra-
cemes fasciculate on old branchlets, 7.5 cm. long or less, lax, the rachis minutely
puberulent ; pedicels 1 to 2.5 mm. long; calyx 3 mm. long, minutely pa ee
standard petal about 7 mm. long.
The tree has been reported* from Yucatin as Pterocarpus draco L. The
Maya name is given as “ subinché.” i
54. ICHTHYOMETHIA P. Br. Civ. Nat. Hist. Jam. 296. 1756.
REFERENCE: Blake, Revision of Ichthyomethia, a genus of plants used for
poisoning fish, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 9: 241-252. 1919. 2
Trees or shrubs; leaves pinnate, the leaflets opposite; flowers in lateral
panicles, appearing before the leaves, pink or white and red; —. indehiscent,
broadly 2-winged on each suture, 1 to 6-seeded.
Leaflets very densely tomentose or soft-pilose beneath. J
ibeaflets: tomentose: beneath. —- —- 2 yy. ae ge 1. I. grandifolia.
heaiets ‘short-pilose: beneath 22:5) u.e Ss a) 2 ee ae 2. I. mollis.
Leaflets strigose or puberulent beneath. J
Leaflets densely incurved-puberulent beneath, the hairs parallel with the
veinlets ; stipe of the fruit equaling or slightly exceeding the calyx.
3. I. communis.
Leaflets strigose beneath, the hairs crossing the veinlets transversely; stipe ‘
much exceedines DRerCaly x. 28 Se eee 4. I. americana.
*Field Mus. Bot. 1: 368. 1898.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 51l
1. Ichthyomethia grandifolia (Donn. Smith) Blake, Journ. Washington Acad,
Sci. 9: 245. 1919.
Derris grandifolia Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 56: 55. 1913.
Puebla and Oaxaca. Guatemala; type from Cerro Gordo.
Tree; leaflets 7 to 11, oval, 5.5 to 10 cm. long, crisped-pilosulous above,
rounded at apex; calyx 7 to 8 mm. long; banner petal glabrous, 10 mm. long;
fruit 4 to 9 cm. long, 3 to 5-seeded.
2. Ichthyomethia mollis (Rose) Blake, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 9:
246. 1919.
Piscidia mollis Rose, Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 98. 1891.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 16 meters high, the trunk sometimes 70 cm. in diameter ;
leaflets 7 to 13, oval, 3 to 8 cm. long, densely pilosulous on the upper surface;
fruit 2.5 to 5 em. leng, 1 to 3-seeded. ‘Palo blanco” (Sonora, Sinaloa).
The wood is of some importance for building purposes. The flowers have
not been collected. :
8. Ichthyomethia communis Blake, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 9: 247.
1919. :
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi to Yucatan. Honduras, Cuba, and Florida
(type from Ramrod Key).
Tree, sometimes 25 meters high; leaflets 7 or 9, cblong or elliptic, 4 to 12
em. long, acute or short-pointed ; calyx 4.5 mm. long; banner cinereous-pubes-
cent outside; fruit 2.5 to 7.5 mm. long, 1 to 6-seeded ; wood weak, close-grained,
yellowish brown, its specific gravity about 0.87. ‘“ Haabi,” “ habi,”’ “ haabin”
(Yueatin, Maya); “chijol’’ (Tamaulipas, Veracruz); “flor de papagallo”
(Ramirez); “cocuite;’ “javin’ (Veracruz, Villada); “guan& hedionda ”
(Cuba).
This has been confused with J. piscipula (..) Hitche. (Erythrina piscipula
gE Piscidia erythrina L.; Piscidia piscipula Sarg.), a species confined ap-
parently to Jamaica, where it is known as “ dogwood.” The properties dis-
cussed below are probably common to all or most of the species.
The wood is very durable, especially in water, and takes a fine polish. It
has been used for boat building, fuel, and charcoal. Robelo states that in
Mexico there is a popular belief that the wood petrifies after many years, be-
ginning at the heart. The dry bark, especially that of the root, has a strong
and disagreeable odor of opium; it produces a burning sensation in the mouth.
It contains substances (one of which has been named piscidin) which are
narcotic and analgesic, and has been used as an anodyne in neuralgia, nervous
insomnia, whooping cough, etc. The extract of the bark is sometimes employed
in tropical America for relieving toothache, applied locally, and that of the
Jamaican species to cure mange in dogs. The best-known use of the tree,
however, is its employment for poisoning or stupefying fish, the bark and leaves
being crushed and thrown into the water. It is said that the Caribs used the
juice for poisoning their arrows, but this appears doubtful.
4. Ichthyomethia americana (Sessé & Moc.) Blake, Journ. Washington
Acad. Sci. 9: 248. 1919.
Piscidia americana Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 116. 1887.
Michoacan and Guerrero; type from Apatzingén, Michoacin. Guatemala.
Tree; leaflets 9 to 18, oval-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 4 to 8 cm. long, rounded
to acute at the apex; calyx 6 to 7 mm. long; standard 15 mm. long, cinereous-
puberulent outside; fruit 1.5 to 7.5 cm. long, 1 to 6-seeded. ‘‘ Tatzungo,” “ zat-
zumbo” (Michoacin, Tarascan); “ cocuile,” “ colorin de peces,” “ matapez”
(Guerrero).
512 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
55. LONCHOCARPUS H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 383. 1823.
REFERENCE: Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 37-93. pl. 1-6. f. 1-43. 1917.
Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves pinnate; flowers often large and showy,
racemose or paniculate; fruit compressed, thin or thick, indehiscent.
Same species are used in South America as fish poisons. The leaves of some
are said to have irritant and vomitive properties.
MeEaVeS TMITONOLMtet = 2s" ess cel eet a ee ee Ae See 1. L. unifoliolatus.
Leaves with 3 or more leaflets.
Leaflets glabrous beneath or when young sparsely pilose along the costa.
Pedicels mostly longer than the calyx; leaflets and calyx punctate.
Plants, wholly glabrous 2 2a802_ soma f viet) Says 2 nok 2. L. longistylus.
Plants sparsely pubescent on the inflorescence and the costa of the leaflets.
3. L. longipedicellatus.
Pedicels shorter than the calyx; leaflets and calyx not punctate.
rut cochleatesleaflets:5 tol o2) sete tear) ene 4. L. cochleatus,
Fruit flat; leaflets 3 or 5, rarely 7.
Elowers,aboutel.@ms Jong see. op a et ee eer 5. L. hondurensis.
Flowers about 1.5 em. long.
Leaflets 6 to 9. cms long, acutish. +++ == 6. L. megalanthus.
Leaflets 9 to 11 em. long, cuspidate-acuminate______ 7. L. mexicanus.
Leaflets more or less pubescent beneath over the whole surface.
Leaflets acute or acutish at apex, or abruptly apiculate.
Leaflets small, most of them 3 to 5 cm. long, the upper ones acute at base.
Standard densely sericeous; keel petals auriculate.
8. L. minimifiorus.
Standard thinly sericeous; keel petals not auriculate.
eatlets. 9.0 pase ee ee eee 9. L. lanceolatus.
Leahletsi. Ob tose 26 eee feet eee eas 10. L. yucatanensis.
Leaflets large, most of them 6 to 12 ecm. long, usually rounded or very
obtuse at base.
Leaflets 5 or 7.
Leaflets cuspidate-acuminate__________--__-__-_--- 11. L. caudatus.
Leaflets very short-acuminate.
Lateral nerves of the leaves very conspicuous and prominent be-
neath ; calyx conspicuously dentate________ 12. L. oaxacensis.
Lateral nerves inconspicuous; calyx subtruncate.
Calyx densely serieeous.-22---s=" 2,4. 13. L. guatemalensis.
Calyx; glabrous.or nearly.so_.--2—— 2-2 == = 2528 14. L. purpusii.
Leaflets 9 or more in most of the leaves.
Lateral nerves of the leaflets 10 to 12_____________-___ 15. L. affinis.
Lateral nerves of the leaflets 5 to 8.
Standard petals 16 to 18 mm. long__--+_~___._--~- 16. L. palmeri.
Standard 10 to 14 mm. long.
Leaflets finely sericeous beneath_______________ 17. L. robustus.
Leaflets scaberulous-puberulent beneath ________ 18. L. sericeus.
Leaflets rounded or very obtuse at apex, never apiculate, often emarginate.
Venation of the leaflets not impressed on the upper surface.
Pubescence of the calyx brown; leaflets 1.5-3 cm. long.
19. L. comitensis..
Pubescence of the calyx gray or whitish; leaflets mostly more than 3
cm. long.
CAT CUS OV aa eT ee A a ee 20. L. constrictus.
Beanets OplOne 22 223223 es ee 21. L. emarginatus.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 5138
Venation of the leaflets conspicuously impressed on the upper surface.
Upper margin of the fruit conspicuously thickened__18. L. sericeus.
Upper margin of the fruit not thickened.
ONleseimor 2S isefrr be thai es os ee hee ee 22. L. rugosus.
Ovules 2 or 3; fruit coriaceous.
EUs (COM Clio) On Gare = ee ee ee 23. L. eriocarinalis.
HUE ADOUL 4aCM sslON es Se ke ee 24. L. jaliscensis.
1. Lonchocarpus unifoliolatus Benth. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl.
90. 1860.
Puebla and perhaps elsewhere in southern Mexico, the type from some un-
certain locality. :
Small tree; leaflets ovate, 10 to 12.5 cm. long, acuminate; flowers pink,
racemose.
2. Lonchocarpus longistylus Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 62. f. 10.
1917.
Yueatén; type from Xbalché.
Tree with purplish flowers; leaflets 11 to 15, oblong or ovate, 3.5 to 8.5 cm.
long; fruit 1 or 2-seeded, 8 to 8.5 cm. long, 38 cm. wide, with thin margins.
“ Bal-ché,” “ xbal-ché”’ (Maya).
8. Lonchocarpus longipedicellatus Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 61.
f. 8. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, Jiquipilas, Chiapas.
Tree; leaflets 7 or 9, oblong or ovate, 3.5 to 10.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute;
flowers purplish.
4. Lonchocarpus cochleatus Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 68. pl. 4, C.
1917.
Known only from the type locality, El Calabazal, Guerrero.
Tree, 4 to 5 meters high; leaflets 4 to 9.5 cm. long, obtuse or acuminate;
fruit 4 to 9.5 em. long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. wide, with thin edges.
5. Lonchocarpus hondurensis Benth. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl.
91. 1860.
Tabasco. Honduras (type locality) and British Honduras.
Tree, 6 to 8 meters high; leaflets usually 5, 3.5 to 10 cm. long; flowers
purplish red. “ Gusano” (Tabasco).
6. Lonchocarpus megalanthus Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 70. f. 19.
1917.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Tepic.
Tree, about 10 meters high, with low branches; leaves deciduous, the leaf-
lets 3.5 to 9 cm. long.
7. Lonchocarpus mexicanus Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 71. f. 20. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz, altitude
500 meters.
Tree with purplish flowers.
8. Lonchocarpus minimiflorus Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 44: 110. 1907.
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Santa Barbara.
Tree, 8 to 10 meters high, with purple flowers; leaflets 7 to 13.
9. Lonchocarpus lanceolatus Benth. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 92.
1860.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree with purple flowers; leaflets 9 to 15, 2 to 4 em. long;
fruit usually 1-seeded. “Cabo de hacha” (Sinaloa).
514 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
10. Lonchocarpus yucatanensis Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 74. f. 24.
1917.
Known only from the type locality, Progreso, Yucatan.
Leaflets 83 to 6 cm. long; flowers pink or purplish.
11. Lonchocarpus caudatus Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 68. pl. 4, A.
1917.
Known only from the type locality, Acatlin, Puebla.
Tree; leaflets 6.5 to 12.5 cm. long; fruit glabrous, 1 or 2-seeded, 6 to 10 cm.
long, 3 cm. wide, with thin margins.
12. Lonchocarpus oaxacensis Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 66. f. 14.
LON:
Known only from the type locality, Jayacatlan, Oaxaca, altitude 1,500 meters.
Tree; leaflets 4.5 to 8.5 cm. long; flowers purplish.
13. Lonchocarpus guatemalensis Benth. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soe. Bot. 4: Suppl.
87. 1860. i
Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere in southern Mexico. Central America;
type from Guatemala.
Deciduous tree with pinkish or purplish flowers.
14. Lonchocarpus purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 500.
1919.
Known only from the type locality, Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Tree, 5 to 6 meters high; leaflets 5 or 7, oval or elliptic. 5 to 6 em. long,
glabrous above, strigillose beneath; flowers dark purple; ovules 2 or 3.
15. Lonchocarpus affinis Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 56. pl. 1, C. f. 3.
1917.
Veracruz; type from Orizaba.
Leaflets 13 or 15, 3 to 12.5 cm, long; flowers purplish; fruit 1 or 2-seeded,
5.5 to 9 em. long, 1.6 to 1.8 em. wide, the upper margin slightly thickened.
16. Lonchocarpus palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 322. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Manzanillo, Colima.
Tree, 6 to 10 meters high, with spreading crown, the trunk 15 to 30 em.
in diameter; flowers purplish; fruit 1 to 5-seeded, 3 to 8 cm. long, 2.8 cm. wide,
the upper margin thickened.
17. Lonchocarpus robustus Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb, 20: 83. f. 34. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, Yajal6én, Chiapas.
Leaflets 9 to 18, 4 to 8 cm. long; flowers pinkish or purplish.
18. Lonchocarpus sericeus (Poir.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 383. 1823.
Robinia sericea Poir. in Lam. Enecycl. 6: 226. 1804.
Sinaloa to Guerrero. West Indies and northern South America ; reported from
western Africa.
Small tree with pinkish or purplish flowers; leafiets 7 to 138, 3.5 to 9 em. long;
fruit 1 to 5-seeded, 5 to 12 cm. long, 2.3 cm. wide, the upper margin much thick-
ened. ‘“ Cocorocho” (Guatemala).
19. Lonchocarpus comitensis Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 76. 1917.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Comitéan, Chiapas.
Shrub or small tree; leaflets 7 to 11, obovate, ovate, or oblong; flowers 1.5 cm.
long.
20. Lonchocarpus constrictus Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 79. pl. 6, A. f.
28. 1917.
Colima and Guerrero; type from Manzanillo, Colima.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 5 meters high; leaflets 5 to 11; flowers reddish
purple; fruit 1 to 3-seeded, 5.5 to 10.5 em. long, 6 to 7 mm. wide.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 515
21. Lonchocarpus emarginatus Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 80. f. 30.
1917.
Oaxaca; type collected near San Geronimo.
Leaflets 5 to 11, emarginate; flowers pink or purplish.
22. Lonchocarpus rugosus Benth. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 92.
1860.
Guerrero and Yucatan, type from Campeche. Central America.
Tree with deep pink flowers; leaflets 9 to 17, 2.5 to 6.5 em. long; fruit 1 to
6-seeded, 4 to 14 cm. long, 1.7 to 2 em. wide. “ Masicarén” (Honduras).
23. Lonchocarpus eriocarinalis Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve
34: 267. 1908.
Colima and Guerrero; type from E] Valle Grande, Guerrero.
Tree, 6 to 8 meters high; leaflets 7 to 11, ovate, 3 to 6.5 em. long; flowers deep
red; fruit 1 to 3-seeded. ‘“ Palo de oro” (Guerrero).
24. Lonchocarpus jaliscensis Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 60. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, Bolanos, Jalisco.
Leaflets 7 to 18, 1.5 to 5 em. long.
Doubtfully distinct from ZL. eriocarinalis.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
LONCHOCARPUS OBOVATUS Benth. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 93
1860. Type from Child, Puebla.
LONCHOCARPUS PARVIFLORUS Benth. Journ. Proce. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: Suppl. 89.
1860. Type from Mexico.
LONCHOCARPUS PHASEOLIFOLIUS Benth. Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Bot. 4: 93. 1860
Type from Tehuantepec.
RoOBINIA ACUMINATA Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 306. 1838. Type from Mapilque.
According to Schlechtendal, this plant belongs to the genus, like the following
species.
RosBInta LaAtTIFonra Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Robinia no. 9. 1768. Type from
Campeche.
ROBINIA ROSEA Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Robinia no. 4. 1768. Type from Cam-
peche,
ROBINIA SCHIEDEANA Schlecht. Linnaea: 12: 306. 1838. Type collected between
Veracruz and Santa Fé.
56. MUELLERA L. f. Suppl. Pl. 52. 1781.
1. Muellera mexicana (Zuce.) Benth. Journ. Linn. Soe. Bot. 4: Suppl. 117. 1860.
Cyamobotrys mexicana Zuce. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miienchen 4: 28. 1845.
Described from cultivated plants of Mexican origin.
Leaflets 5 to 11, ovate or oblong, acuminate, densely pellucid-punctate ; pedicels
2-flowered ; fruit subcompressed, subtorulose, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, 1 to 3-seeded,
smooth, glabrate.
The plant is wholly doubtful, and the name may have been based upon a
mixture.
ee. eee ee in. sae vasa
faee yt ee Oe a We |
a Pen net na ata |
Mi an wet, oo
rae ge pipe Seles sd Lad aboqnie hater “oct iirin® foe, ‘vara <4
Real 20 G48 ot BS, TE 64.8 etolinal,, eee oly ake tone Ne Bane ae
oth), “ait scsiaels able any $01 TE not om bE ot tebaone,
Spee HEL oe RAG, ot ANe altaatamaotay eucaep lanes SB
as ae ficig't areiant Abagae ail PB, tort an gore ee
ns Aighornerret: “sal RAED OS RTO ALOR a ‘aanhees digi exytoat 2 oF @ A
fs Apna a i pattotan $9 ra W925." ate : Ab aby Lie ~ Bate tah
rele Mees:
Ti: {08 rhieds 307.2 fF aanutd “aattatt siuiedaiat sean
Vetere ys: ane uectnon teeedleh pee dai8 sti teool gen ad) ment, io as and
wee 1 hats bk fea te ool am 60h EE og i;
og «at ie Rea aia ne eee pchopeya nice A aout gossttee ly off
- rig ahi it ed added te 4 ak & oy
i "i ive Sal ini, pea Le a en get, feat eypézoan 2 et ato ow
Sa ag : finish, Ando pati }
co ae tae. aon see, mrt onl ead ios BIOTIN Buy
Bak. Lalit ER Pa A ae Pe ae g SA. wert ae
ee peandie 7 ott, per) UD eer ot “ares fe atiniast wyRNRTTSOOdAsSe esa ONT rOE=!
Be ai vision (oie jah Le Geae 4.19 omretanoityt woah, ee
Re iicligers ith ect meas: ‘AOe 2S es mpeted Jillian be Seale
Be ee MOLY ods oll Hearts, sath ot seethiog aa aint lehopiimidet ge bas
3 Se so amen ay aN call Taye Le hah ‘ a ~ ee Yrs az hi, ~a? wane panei’, ‘
Riidiadyt): peer Ae saunas. # se 94 saat ite AYLI, Avetnege ©
ya. fh be “Or wetter ae, tate Spweras * on. hein hill. > never ;
, acy Ou ira a 08 eos <8 tm “I .
ORS Gas ae Mae eer a ra ae ane
be ented eviesineabel eee lente ins sitesi hs sini eltaal Abia?
2 ‘ ae rail - oa bis 2 ae iva tite Fe eos, on “ov tag aa
FF
ie
: eR 44 i oe Ste) Seat bone etree four ot
Pg = Sa ots Po dex, mel ees tata 8g
hei, 0 ee Agque:: 7 408, Jee oid arma AGE £ rin ) ei ci
BE Been TREE. AS ah wonbountthC gs tucked pence
Bate ee. SS pigise aaiizott 26 euKlq Dereeities wort |
i cea qatereconepilleg, i logpeily as aenlerahyee ayant 9) emRO Ai
oe aOR 04.1. sok co gs AS Soc prea aon
ey é Miggbsy FR SS Gu Minaies mie y. ;
Armin: heres nia teeis, 20, i |, amas ouiee ES ae
ey its: Shy ier: a Lt ae iP Me a peslity. Winrutehiey Praga
dusiv or Ye ati Basie Senso Ty ie nett hand. <i clan aes
vi) ee ye gh hand “4 Pea serine
re OO Lec: rileaioaes tu misery tsps a § aoc: — !
LG (cis 2 Me
Baia. ys Srcpmpene tgs Vl. staseaciilia tema
| ne ae aa ae Oe te ie Bia ye peek ie a
INDEX.
[Synonyms in italic.]
Page.
RENTS CC a a ae ee 218
Loin eee ae 254, 255
AUS i eee 409
PROVRINOTN DI Oras a ee 412
Oona ee ee 290
MEBINCROG = a oes 3938
ESUTSSTO" 0c) (| a 492
JOP See ee. 403
iG |) eee ee 492
NISL eee eee Eee 492
oti tee 306, 388, 475
MEMDULCCWRIG 22 — a e= Sens 389
PRCA TION RIN eee 378
adenantheroides ___--_---_---- 360
UAC Ge ee pe BOT
COS a ee See 376
PIE NCACCA = 2 = eee 376
MMOMISTISSIM A). — = ee 381
RHINO p my aie at Se a 380
AN aS SS 370
Hp Se aes 390
era MGIeTH on 381
LEUVEN ie ei 378
iG sh) 2a 376
Spi Ei ee a a 374
Col heir) Ve a a a 376
SAULLERTCURO UD so. el 385
easier eniana = = as Stas 374
RETLES OCIS Nie es Sosa oP ee 365
carponaria_ —2 380
CecMligewntha 22 22 fe 373
eQhiisih!) Se a 375
(GOTT TRO i Ls ee 377
OHS CCC aie ee oe 378
COSTE 9 hh oe ees 376
Gi ee ee ee eee 374
(SOLEMN io) ies Sa CN ae 378
CTS IRD DS EE 380
COAT Re ye Oe ne ee 380
Gist hi eee aa 381
CEVLTET F Oa CT yf a a eS 383
EYE) SETA ah i ee 428
GE CHU) (7 es _ A 351
ESIC SULCIVY Oy en 389
CERI EE SIN 368
dolichocephala —________.__._._ 374
Golichostachya = 52 377
NG Sea EE Ses sara 381
CRETE ee aes 368
PARHESTRN Pears eso ae 378
SERCACULOL@ Se ca eee 360
TORO Ree ae et eae Fras en See 383
Acacia /ilicina__-
filicioides___
formosa__--_—
furcella ____
gaumeri____
CORAT IAT ea 0 a Meee Wei SaaS
gladiata____
glandulifera
globulifera__
glomerosa —_
OUGCilis: = ho he eee
greggii_____
hernandezit_
heterophylia___—___~--_- «-------
hindsiij2— ===
RA ee See
houstoni __~
humilis —___
trusana so
aS SS |--------
insignis. = = ee
laccifera_ —_
Wevis=—_—=—
lambertiana
Tana
LODO] 3 2— ee ee pee ss
leucothrix———— = =} 22 2 eee
malacophylla
mammifera _
mMmetrosimeriford —_-- _ _ eee
micrantha__
millefolia__—_
‘mollicula___
nelsonii ____
obliquifolia _
occidentalis_
palmeri —__-
paniculata__
penicillata__
pennatula __
picachensis _
polypodioides:!==========""2"=2
pringlei____
prosopoides_
pueblensis__
pulverulenta
Sent ae ee eee {—
Wal
Acacia, DUurpuUsil =-225-- = ==
Tenirormis = === — oa eee
MOUS See ee eee
riparia_
TOGIMIGIIAN Qe ee ee
WALD ER CC TUS 5 ns a ee ee
Scorpioides= == = 2 = ee
DEORE)
REIMCOCOTDO= 2 5. Pee See
SU ELOCIUS RS). = Re eee ee
SOnOTeENSIS— = — se ee
BOLODI AS =e 2 a
Spadicigerd -====222s=- eee
sphaerocephala..2 222522232252
Standleyis. 2-224 se eee
stipellatas2-2222+=2.=- ees
subangulata._2.22--2-o SSE
subtoriuosa.-=.2=2==2==ss 2
tephrnolebas= === 2s=—+ === Te
COpiCaNd == 544 955s a> ENS
tequilana~=4+2+L2-e22~-—. 239
tetragona
tetraphyllav=22=s<+===22320i6
LOMtHOSA = "=< & han = ee 2 se SI
tichandra-=. 2-3-2 e3 > VE
unijuga
veracruzensis
vernicosa=2->--— eee
villosa —
Willer dian da 5s4 <= - so aE
per en Sn) a wh nt ee =
MULCHLANENSIS =~ = es = FISD
Achyranthes altissima
calea___
Acrodiclidium glabrum ___-------~-~_
ORE CATR es en ee
Misantlac=+ == ===. -5-=~ cee e™
Acuan=====~
Acuilotl____
AteNostomas==—a5 es 2===— 2 De
Aeschynomene americana
amorphoides: “===. Se See
compacta += sea ese eee
PASCICHIATIS=—2—6 = 52 => = SS
floribun
da.
Prirti cOSa: 2+ Ms = Sek Sn, SRO
glandul
grandift
Osa
ora
Sree ae Eien pe be DRIES
WOESSOHG Ce ae _ hl
longifolia
madren
yh eee Ce eT. Tt
NUvegie = se eS Ls ee in
OCOD UCN As aA ae Peas?
-oligantha
palmer a2 =. ee
panicul
paucifo
petraea
Dp a ee eee :
NOlate. 2 Se ee
INDEX.
Page. Page.
382 | Aeschynomene picta____-_---_-___- 477
375 PLN ele = 2 = Ae ee 491
376 PUcDUSI Sf = See es 491
382 SCNSLELY. 2) = ee 490
382 Simulans $e le Ee eee 491
380 Vigil Se eee 491
SIT DT GUL 24 = = eee 481
387 Avgabanzo Si 222 tS eee 334
370 Arailloe=— si) se iat ee ee eee 423
378 ACA RICA fet 2 5 ot eee ee ee 271
376 Acathine -20 2. ie Ale 2 eee 476
375 we Ws C7 Se ee lt 476
3t6) | Agdestigs: --2. 2.02 oe Se eee 263
376 APONANOTS 232235 a yee eee 236
Sa: |) Ar illo 43> = rs ee eee ee 271
374 APT tOSt 2 sé aes hee Rennes PA
374 ASTACHLOS+2 a=" Seas Enea ane 290
380 elmarroén*==222 26st eee 294
382 eloroson 22 ese ss =.= eee 290, 291
379 RINCHe 224 seks See eee 290
381 AcuACcatiloO==s=>=-sss >= 290, 292, 297, 298
3D: Aenacatons2]"====2+s"ss"= = 289
381 | Aghatle 2+ =e = eens see 197
$88 | Agnatomates=222s=s>"se—eee— 173
388 AvuatTOpee e222 sn 2st eee eee 399
S79. |) Atiate. 2=="3=e240 -45) = ee 283
369 desBaénwéo)=22=224=e4"" ea 284
376 Anoaquahuith===~=-== 22". 173, 178, 184
374 AiTOS tS = sts ae ee 173
378) | Ahuaca Quauhitl!===—=========——— 291
380 Ahuacnchilliess2 25222" 32 300
376 AnH CaAtes= === = "ss se ee 290
377 Alnaentie ==>" s*=4<5e 3225s 290
S59 \\" Alaa coztick<++2 =e ess ee ee 173
324 Ahuacnashuitl+sea==s5 ==s+=~ espe os 290
410 Annaguahiith===22+ 2299222 See 173
264 Rvuatetz: == ==)=43=5" 53 173
PARIS) Ahuatetzmollias=s=22 -Se= sess 173
259 Atuatetzons 222 tas 173
201 NGG TOT 9 [te lens pe fe em pa 173
aly ASiiuatomatl«* =<=e<ases"* se 173
292) | Altuatzin™ pitzahuac=*2222). 173
286.) Mhtimadas==s-"5="24="s"=<e 409
286 Wei lin= == <= S25 2S eee ee 280
366 Adterd {22a =2 shes ocdsnS" eee 404
310 Att keipes==s Sen = - Sms eee eee 280
$2510) Agro: 23 Sass oe Seen See ee 303
ADD. |} Ritig tas naa om eeemttner 197, 210, 319, 320
491 blanco, 2=2s2. > sss5"s Sse 319
491 cubane2 222 ee eee 206
491 extranjeros= 222 2 ee 206
490: | Adbaricoquel= 22 =—22*=23)=—— 338
491} Allbarillomdele*campos="==2"===——— 237
490, |) Atberchige=2=Sese=2"3s0 Se. ees 338
476 AIIZZIiS oo Se 2 ee ee ee 390
490° |) Uateaniore = 22 iss sessss 286
490.) AtGaparras] so" = 22 Sse 302
ATG || Atcaparrillot= ==" =" = ==" oe ae 407
491° |) IAi¢aparro’s 23s ee 407, 410
ASOT AICOrnoulie eee 1738, 343
491 AUCOtAn seo lage ca a such a 273
491) (OAT Forropn 222 eee nn eee ee 351, 380
AST | PAIS a rropO 2 ee 380, 412, 413
AQT) | (Aiserita === ss" 2s 25s ee 271
491. | ‘Allenrolfes"=“8° 22522 """5e. 25%
499) |) Ailisatorapples-o- = 282
INDEX, yil
febicator-pear = ees el 290
fmonincene. —— = ee 259
Been g@Ta:—- 2 ke eaisem 338
Peemenaro.———. Les 338
emmongd ==. Bee bile 338
POUND Wares = ene TS 338
Alternanthera richardii_____----_- 258
Panicopulin—— 2 = SEE: 204
PHB COSTIO =.= 3 8 eine 210
RESCOMIICs 2= — oS ee 210
OTE Oh a ea 207
Bemarantn. family 2 UL eel 254
munaranthaceae_—__-____._--$__.- shiv 254
Pree COSMN OL 2 ee 259
Ge ee eee 207, 209, 210, 213
TTT DN Rye eae De 210
RC ee 213
TDS OL ee ee ee 210
ce LE DERTIT pcarsey an eS 210, 212
eerie eee eee 207
1 EOSIACT Pi het CS a a gS 212
ampar de cuapinole_—_______ vais 413
Gelpais == gS iaen 413
Pee rawie bier 3 SG Ais 337
EDS ES ee ee 506
PeeS ices Lee 212
a ee atc Se ee 489
2S TIS 25 eee ae aes 2 oe 263
LS DER] a Ey SUT ee 442
MMIDIUMVENIUM te 508
Pay SOnlaceae——___.- $e 338
fa ULL Se SED A 340
COLUM 2 5 sn ieee es Deseret ire) 211
TTT ll aa a a nnemer 1.4 & 264
OE DISTL S a ts eh re i a ED 506
2 STEELS 0 CG he eae a ee 270
BR 306
PR eNMOMaCCiLenO 397
LS RGD = a een S220 354
aL 2st Oss ee 440, 474, 475
GEE VAT See tee ee reer or 8 474
SOU UET DNase 8 ees 439
ROCHOMSL ALO eee re 440
MOUCULC ge a Fea atthe 440
UCVOTC RST ae ie ae VA Peg ETS 440
BEI ES TRC yas SEL 441
Poem yee ee en) eet 440
RmeM ET ems cemree reer ner (a eke 391
Annona -bibracteata _.____ bes 278
CherimMolg ss oY ie: 283
LGR (ree ee es eee 283
ECU UCR AI ee sh 278
diversitolias 3022 Meena 282
DEES ee eh eae eT 284
RHUIACOSU fees Sn watt 281
LGN SN Ty St aie ea Rrra Or Ae 281
Slopifioras.._ = 5. mabe 281
ANVGULCT OU RW 282
Ae MMAMN MaMa oo 284
(ADSI TERT ea eee a 283.
OTC Eee SE 284
LAPEER ys Sel i eA a a ng 281
MUILOS CONS eee Sor eee 284
LOY ENT a gate 280
CEECET ES CEN i oe Sa ace rea ee RL 282
palmerin_._>~. pt tl ar nr SED 283
55268—22 23
Page
ABHONA, PAlUsiMgouae 2 281
DUEPULEASS 2 oe AS ee le 282
ECUCHIALA,= saat oo ee es 284
Sduamossie = eee es, 283 >
BMIMONACER ER = cs oe ee 277
PANO Ba sere ee eee 280, 281, 283
TA TTIG) 0G Vara Gear ae Ns Mee ton A» _. 280, 284
EWES oC: Wee tara detest AY or SM es 282, 284
LSU EDN 2 area beta a RARER 8 2 oly 282, 283
COlOPAdO) 5. 2202 a eee 284
Avon a se ea eel ee 281, 283
PATERO TPS 1 Op set a) ya ee ee re 282
Anonita de papagayos.-___.-_..__ 281
UNE OM WM sens Sate = ee 247
Ants inhabiting Cecropia__________ 217
D0) 7 a [RR ast 0 AAC eras 173, 178, 184
Apache-plume 262 5—. 2, 325
ApAaZote.d6.ZOLLO.2 222 ae ee 264
APOIO <5 Haas 5 TOR A 214
NO DAN CSIass == = 2s Se 441
Apple asssesa === UU ee rey 334
B28 Kye DORR RIM ek Su tae a Sec 384
MDT CO bes =< 4 SS Lt 338
Arbol /de-bailsamo-. =.= ees 434
dé corcho..22-=5-222.-. 528s 281
de‘hierro.22 522 a ES 481
de Judas. 2222222222. ees 300
de Jas-orejas.-—— Saree 391
de-las-perlas..2.. 5 label ae 306
del Cuernos.s2252o2 45 555s ee 374
debdiabloz---4—— 1-3 302
Gel-fuegol-= 2. 2 eee Bs 427
delshule:2 2 os. See 215
delipa nasa eee eed 202, 216
DIICLOs = 45 = os. 323
MN CCULCROMUN == so a eee 223
ETO WT CLE O pais a a es ee re ee a 442
AMellang = 2 =. seo ee ee 390
Mar PeMoners 2 Dye De ae 299
ARIST OO Chia. =~) 24 ee 238
ArItOlochiaGeae=— a5 3 ae ee 238
ArMOTacigwes =. Se 307
APOMS, == 2. . .. =. SE ee ie 351, 379
AMATI G2 a ---5 a ee 379
blanca-a 225 sss. csos eee 369
ATOM Oyo 5-22 2e.t325225 ee 379
ATEFCD OGRA 2 = lS 259
PROPT? OTN GY LO Tot 9 ah Sh 359
Arthrocnemum:-=< 2225-22255 5. Boas 253
ATEOCALDUG a= 5 pe 202
PE SEITE op ha acre ne 279
BCT ne ee ae NRE RIT. fT 278, 279
CR MIS GU Cd 26.55 oo 305
FESSOR hg a a mar hh ag 497
PAT OLGIO 2 sas So oe 433
3.9] cy [a ee A ee aes Warten errr eek 3, 5 2 283
REO Oa hs 413
AUPiplex=*s“ss25524 5 -ses2 52 OE 250
AUS CAb ls hs ae eee eS Ae ee 291
AUAguahuitl 2-2 2255 eee 173
TNT SESS ec oS ei re ra aon a hs a 173
Anatetzm mali = — bie ee 173
USO eas eo Ee ee 304
AO Gad Osi a 5, pe 290
Aa sa St oes 215
Vill INDEX.
Page Page.
Iya Be or pee ine. 3 319 |) Bauhinia. porrecta__.2—___- Sse 418
Wrales ‘de! uta. 2 Sey 259 pringléi_— a ee 417
AC a a a EO TY 440 TaAMOSissima 23> See 416
iyaile jo 22 == 2h so ee ere es 440 retifolia = =< t ees 416
PAVATILTET Onset et oS ee ep 419 schlechtendaliana__________-_-= 418
AES etity IY a he 298 spathacea, 9.22 2". =e 418
InSOON CSD oa eae 345 subrotundifolia___-___---_---- 419
TESTA GUTUIC. sea a ore EE ED 476 unguicularis,__--_- -- ee 416
be ee a ae 281 Ungulata, --~ = ee 416
Ban oOLro Prieto. -— == == ees 261 ‘uniflora,== 22+" 2s eee 416
UES 4 EE Vc pe 410 unilateralis_____..____-_ = See 417
El thames Oe SEN le ee ne cl eer = 482 |. Béad-vine—— 2... eee 492
atecheee os a. eee pee ont O13 |) Bein family... _--. a eae 429
Ballehné-cehu 2s so. 2 465) |MBEbecrine —— =.=. ees 296
Balsam, copalm——-24as2 3) Sts Ot. |RBeebtie #68 See 20 ee 261
iBalsame Ofte © ela 2 434 | Beech family ==". 2 eee ily
Balsamo, blancos22- =) 32 eee 434 | Betlschmiedia ___----__---_----==—— 292
Geren ee eee 434." Bog come es = oy eee 403
dewsan Salvador. 22.2 5 434 MINGTEO® Ho Se 240
TIGL TOM ee ed as 434 Az S 273
Balsamum Peruyianum___--------- 434 canasta 2.2 ee eee 265
SY Ie fa ee ee oe 410 de‘aleotfin,_--.—.- lista See ee 273
Barba devehiyato.- =o). 267 deamole 222222) 2 eee 350
de sehivoa2 oo 2a se ere 267, 268 deveslacién= 2 ==" = ae 247, 248
denvaieiom ees 266, 267, 268 deestribe 2) eee 350, 507
delviejo 22222 s eet 258 degarrote.2-— > e 346
Barhados-lower—————--=—_ seek 425 deigarza-0 f= eee 350:
Barbados-pride__- =~ = asta eat 425 dehierrog: 2) eee 350
Baxbaside chives 2-22 2 eb eer 267 deimondongo.. = ee 350
Wea tO po as 267 deimono! 22> 2 es 2738
Barhasco ss Sas ele 474 de‘paloma,_—_-_ ees 265, 498
Barberry, fLamily2_525~ = = 268 depanune 350, 507
estrellas ee ee ee 470 de purgacién,— ee 262
dearhonte 22 ee ee eS 425 inelégs2 ot ee eee 304
pair Paper: 4a oe 206. | Belehuice "5a ke See 334
orretas 2. =. Ste es 322° A Bellisimas o-oo eee 247, 248
epee ee te Ee Se ee 263; |) Bellotan 2 ee 171
GEIETOW Ss GDN) ee ee a 253, hi Ren oilesut 2 ees 307
pudaCede <2 ees 263. |) Benthamantha._— = ee 4TT
peed == ga pol. | Bequilla: 0280002 eee 477
15) 50 ee ee eee RNR a 263 |\Berbamine 2 eee 268
Peeib oe a ee 2 ee 235 | Berberidaceae ___.___------~--223-= 268
Bauhinia amblyophylla_____------- 418 IS Berberine... eee 268
AGTEK 416 | Berberis andrieuwit ____--___--=+4-= 270
COUUNIILEE = 416 angustifolia____-_-__-_ == 38 22
CRLOTONG Rg a eee 415 aquifolium.__-.=_——_ 2. 268
CONnfiLEO oS 418 chochoc0..——- = 270
Coulter = tee te os 417 diciyote See ee 273
dipetalas2 2220 ae 416 ehrenbergti._____— — twine 269
Givarica ta ee 418 franinifolia =. _2 = eas 270
elapray eS oe 415 fremontit. 2-2 — eee 271
Gorimant: a 418 gracilig_ 8 oe 272
MeLeroOp HY a) ee 415 haematécarpa,—_—_-____. 3 ee 271
RILCR TIDUS ae ee 416 hoptwegit ae 270
EMIS Sas 2 ee 416 iictfolia = eee 271
Pati Ola a ee 418 (iein@e se Se Se ee eee 270
leptopetala,.-- 2" eee 415 laneeoldata.— <2. ees 270
loneifiona=—= = =————— = 2 415 moranensis .._________ SA wei ee 272
WWM YS GL oe ea ee ALT PUlLde 2252-2 SO 271
lunarioides —----—----_-_-____ 417 pinnate casos 22=>2=== 272
macranthera a PRET eae ree 416 Sheen See 272
MEK CAN Ae ae eae 418 rari 270
pansamnlana soe sea 417 RenGRT CLES nbn oe me.
SLUT NS ere el eh ATS: trifolia____----------------—- 272
Pes ea praese.s sa 417 trifaliolata—~———--—---= == 271
platynetalde ses eo 417 wileortt — 2 ee a ae 273
INDEX, IBA
Page.
eM IMAM SO ee ES Oe ek 405
SHEAR SY A epee: Ss ce eee wt cd leer get tte 409
RN Gees a ee 404, 407, 412
EVGS (1 (cee ee 482
_ LEAN iad tg sa a a became aera tata 320
a ee ee ee 379
oD TTD FT ie esa a iar a ee 378
Bird-of-paradise flower___________- 425
PanmrwOor’ Tamily— = =o ee 238
TE pS go ee et 399
RMI CUIS Goes eee ee eee 475
SEALED Ye eat eat ape foes 203
EFL Fs Sete tte ee a preteleetae 172
7 ES DSF CG leper areen iae peainempe atten coal og 394
2 ELS OE 61 ep ln ep a i 328
PeetOcCalbOoneros—— a 263
0) el eer ape pent eae 393
“1 Fy SY OOTSTI UIE aap te ee ee 299
“is Ts OLEWEDYS TIT] ats tld plan aad 229
Boerhaavia arborescens ________ eee 261
CAPT TAA CSS aa a a Co hae 262
DAE NEL HOY cae tear NR Ah Oa Sart 262
EUELTO CT (CG LN} a ale a a ce 262
75 TTI ELITE 2 spevens serena ai ee ee 202
co AIG ty lem a = 390
LBL CULL, (areata ete aon an it ere 259
Perio ATCO. = = ee 408
>) SEETITICG 0 77 Ir le ei cle 259
PEI ae ee ee 504
SLU Sa plea let 2038, 204, 419, 422
PeRUeLercOlOrduo —-" 422
Jo. SENT) 2 Sasa eeecpele eet epee 419
mread-and-cheeses -— === 2 2 394
wo EAD TUT 11 ta, ate mae ee pe rape 202
2G Ey at a ln tlt 304
Ui OE Gy aca ee a a a ee 404, 407
MRROSICTIEN (Eee ee 478
Brongniartia benthamiana_________ 469
“EG TLE STAUAT, atl ll a ea pr ota 467
TONITE STALE ean ee ee on at 468
RUC Sate ee ee es 468
FAAS USUDL Oye cen pg 469
1aOU ATH MOY SC) eae et mt a ae mel 468
SEU KES SiS pape i ce poe aca 467
FSLEEy CEE ig os ee peice nce i 468
(RULATIPE CT 5 unr apnet e ooe a 469
RUSCH N= = Sere ne eee yee 470
TRL CHEST Ra ee ee re 465
ECOG TIS meee he = Cn el 467
PPLE EMC fee tane ete St ee 469
ESL CATH CED eskcereatertertinee er peates erp aeepte 468
LETS FEAT, ps rg is ten eae 469
ICE ya er Pat pee 467
RLU CS poses eee ter 468
MmaAcmIpLActodia = 468
PETIT OL ee ee 467
COMNCECONG =e 467
FUG IU AG PURE) co itm pm et pel blab 467
Ria eee et ey 467
olizaspetmoides: 2 470
OU IY Gas eae 468
DIATE fy pace ac ee a Sala a al in 467
Ly eee ens a te ee els 469
Batt ola = -2e tere ence 469
ICTS LEG ee mene Tel ee 469
podalyrioides= 221 gas: 467
Page
Bronpniartia retusa 2-2 465
IRELIT ANG 2 Msp Pept ae AGM 1 AG 469
SCP CCG eas ee 469
StIpICa tar ne ence rk ee Sere 468
RUD CLG Bi amet nae oe ey ee on 468
CROCVMUOLD EBS = Ee eee es 468
Srito Matas see a ee eee ee 468
VILCLON COS eae ee ne 469
PS CON NUN neo eRe eee Cee le 213
'BROUSSONELI ae Se a ee ee 435
SEU CW 8 coer at en es ee ee 409
TNA CH Osa ees Se oe te 410
EUCLA a oe Se ee ee 207
ESE | LUO Smee = ata Se ee ee 492
PESTS Gah ee a ee ae eee le 404
Buami chil Soke se see ee 393
BUCCDIUULGN = ae ao oe re ae ee 204
EICK wine ait hemi bye ee 241
Bugamibillaes sacs ete aoe aos ele 259
Se Fes aU (of eam a to i gies has aden 259
Bucevillae es eee ee ae 259
) SBT a Of: 1 eS I CP IC 275
Ball-horne sewerage a. a see nue gee 374
SUELO CRS S21 Ca Ts tes ry eee 284
ESOT ae eh eek ae 308, 304
BETO Wee ee sre ere ee ee ee 253
IBMELereupe family ee es ee 266
SEE OTIW OOO mes a ree ee 319
pi ase eeeere = meee er a ee es 273
Walballer Ges. seep a wie a oe eee ae 427
Coa Da MLE 0 Sts a a ee ee ee ce 298
Cabelleralsc- tn een ttn eee 223, 227, 233
Calellero se sn ae ee ae 425
Canelltto me te re os, erst ee 385
de“ange es sae ee aie tee ene 387
Cabeliitosde: angela a ee 385
eXtra vata, c ne ore rere 385
Cabelloside ancela set ee 267, 385
Cabezarde angele necator arens 385
devia ae eee ee ad ene 282
demesr ot ae = etre ee See ae 282
co (Shir va th feat st eee aN 2 tye 267
Cahomdetna cha = s— ten nee ae eee 513
@abra-hi gots 2 oma eee ee 212
CAT ORO te a reser 360
Cael Epon Oe ete oe 344
Cacahoananche= 2 = on anne 343
Cacahoanantain ee ree 343
Cacnhuananchel ==. eee 3438, 482
SEN CUE T T ee e a 482
Caicahuanantia es = er ee 482
Caea hg cea ae eat arene ee ae ere 343
CiCanag easter eee ere 442
Cacanaguesles se aan eee A42
Caceorciniarron set tsar ee 302
CARO Cle are ee oe eens Senne eee 407
CECA Le eee are: Rea ere ee eee 482
Cachecs tra ee cls ere ae oe eee 439
CCHISG Bete eu eaten hae ee Ree 272
CacCHitOmde: anomaly stn a ese ees 379
Caciqueya2 2 = 2a ses ae ee ee 478
Gadenajdeyamor= 22 2. ey 248
Caesalpinia acapulcensis______._____ 426
bondie= a 422
Donducelia =o od ae 422
Caesalpinia
cacalacd]s2 = =
enladenia ® = 5 == ee eee
ealiforni
(Cea eee
Conlania. eee
REIS Gale oe en a ee ere
CUHNCNAI Soe es ee
echinats,-~ = === eee wipes
erigstachys 2 eee
SXOS ECM A oe
GUARMTOIN oe ee ce ee
gilliesii_
PP CLA ase se
mieiwadenin 22 S205. Sa eee
ROXAS ee ee ee eee
COlfemmicn eS eee
WRUCECERS ~~ = eee
MUIOTM an ee eS
DMM se ee
PaAviny set eee eee
DEChIAEA. ne Se Se eae
phyllantholdes:———- ooo oe
placidas fe ee ees
Pat yVlOU a a
MUICHRERTMIMN A= ee
BCIPEOCHTDS o-oo ee Ie
refeye}on fu c'7 rt iawn aa ae er nY ee a ea
ae chs Wid boy ae es = Bs Sry SNe Fes
Wiucatanensis = 2 a
Café del pais
Cafecillo___-
Cagalera com
Cahuinga___
Caimancillo_
Cajanus _---
Cajetillo____
Calderén —__
Calderona —_
Calentano —_
PSEUDO oe ee
California holly == — = Se
Cahandra angelica...
anomala
bijuga__—
ealiforni
Cn = ee
CalOthytsUs oe ee
CanNeSCeNnS=—— == —— = =
eapillata
chamacdrys———====—==—==— naan BES
conferta
CONZNL EH oe ee
coulteri
cumingii
GGleottt2 =~ 22-5 SS
eMmaremeata— = — eee
erlopRy lla. 2-2-2 Ss ee
formosa
fulgens_
prandiiora—— 22s ee
herbacea
hirsuta_—
houstoni
houstoni
humilis_
kunthti_
cot bn a
INDEX,
Page. Page.
423 | Calliandra lambertiana____________ 388
426 lake 2 ae eee 387
426 magdalenade —=--.. oe 387
422 malacophyllas-o52 22 ee = eee 387
422 nitidaa sess s SS Soe eS eee 386
424 Oaka Cana) — Sse 388
422 palmeriic =e. 2 ee 385
424 pendulillora-.. ee 387
426 portoricensis=—=_—— = 388
426 PUPpusin oS ee 384
425 reticulata 2 ee eee 387
423 PUDESINIG. ee eee 384
422 téirazong =e eet 388
424 Unjuga- ote ee ee 387
425 pueblensi3 387
426 ealapensts ye 2S ee 387
426, |, ‘Calliandrine! 2. - = 385
426 || ‘Calligonum:.s.=— ~~ = 251
42%, | Calony ction. ee ee 215
426, | Calopogonium—..-....=-- = 2-2 506
425. ‘|| Calzonemlos Lo. es 416
424 | Camachile: =o. = eee 393
425 || Camanehilie. 2-2 ee ee 393
425 | Camay=@uy 2 tao= oe ee 173
423. (Cambron 2 a6=2— So ae ai 428
424) Gamelina ee see ee 259
ADR iit Cherm GH eee a a ee 207, 212
424.\\ Camisdses i 5222 oo 272
423. 1 Camonsil oso oa4 2 eee te eee 393
427 | Campderia floribunda__----------~-- 244
407 linderiana: 22 2252 Be 245
205 MEDICONG oe 244
200 | Gamphor 222222 - 23 ee 286
420 |i| @ana dulce... 22-2. =. 44 eee 343
265) || *@anatistala. oo... ee ee 405
503 eimarlronassso. 222 ee 405
344 STANdG 22 405
300 PRUCKR 22. ee ee 405
348 |) i@anandonga.— = = = 405
428 \NCanastilla 222-2225. ee 240
33% ||) (Canavalia ..2- 3 ee 494
S57, | Canchalavua) 522252 =e ee 454
S85.) iG Chinn 5a eS ie 407
BST |) (Can Melillo ee ae a es ee 406
386, || GCandelital. 22 a ee 411
38), |, Candongos2 =>. 22-2224 5 280
S4) | Canelan aoe 2 ee 286, 385
388...) Canelillo 2222 a eee 296
386 | Canella ‘alia —- a=] Sa 276
386\)|\ Canclo #224 ee 276, 296
386, |) Canjurati2 22) eee 346
S88; || Gansinin oss ee 482
386\|\ Cantemt Ss 2 oR ee 381
386i Caper 22 92. a a ee 302
384 family*= 5-423 Se ee 301
386)|| Capollinee sae ee ee 340
388. |: ‘Capoltamalli=_- = eee 341
388, Ganomo ene s oo ee ee 214
380, || Capparidacese._...._- 301
387 | Capparis amygdalifolia_____--~~~_- 304
388 | amygaaling === 2 304
386 an Pusiiola 2-22 eee . 804
386 asperifolia_.-.--— =_ = ee 304
387 baduce?)- 2-2-2 ==- eee 303
385 brevisiliqua__-.____-__ 2. See eae 303
384 | breynia 2222 eo eee 304
INDEX. XI
Page. Page.
Capparis cuneiformis___---__--_--- 504: | ‘Cassia, bicapsularis —----_. --. == 407
eynophallophora_—-—~--__---_--= 304 Dinorss ses se ee ee 409
TAR COLOVI Se ee. eae 303 WOubetianae os 2 2c 2 Sle eee 408
PORTUPERCAS oe ee ee 304 Uroiwniond.= = ee ae 409
INTER ee ees 303 CHISDENRIS = see ee 408
(MONT a 303 cinerea. <2 Soe ee 403!
BE FON COD ese ee 305 Gensitiora2 S22). ee ee 406
PCR) je 5S teal ale eae Sei ae oe 304 dinhyllas = = foe a ees 403
SICEY By ED A gl alge 304 (Site re eee ee 410
WAMEACCNS(S= = 304 enneanara =. f= as ees 403
MIC SKAQN = 304 fistulas] 2 ees ol ee eee 405, 407
rie SNC tere ee eg 304 HRexyosaaa eee 404
Here pIpes se sre 303 TrULiGOsan 2 See ee ee ee 406
MIOVATISNIMOS oe 304 FTAA AY | MT CE Dea aa ir rate a EE re NN 410
Oxy RCPMae en a 303 galeottiana_._ .- = eee 409
iG ee eae 303 GJeminiflora._ =: > eee 409
St CORTE ATS ee Dec ee ee 304 Golamont=. - >) 5 eee 409
SUH UT CT wee a ne eee aoe 304 STandis: == ee eee eee A405
Neve ORs eee es es ee 302 Srere= = G2 eee 403
RTEE LEG) Dera ee 304 ROGTWEGi a ee 406
Tins 303 hispidula = 2 2 223s as ee 403
| LTE CLE ac eae le a 227 holwayand 2 ee eae 408
DN os ee 200 inaequilatera_= = _ = eee 406
Rem eeen ee a Ee 410 laevirata = == = 3b ee Se ae 407
LS 2 pete hi ee ==. 199340 leiophylla. 22222232 ee ee ae 408
SVR aT) pal a a a a 199, 340 leptocaipa] == 4 >= >= ee 404
Ee? TDS 2 acu ae lel g ae ais ceed 212 liebmanny — 25 2-20 7) eee 411
eMC Ge 314, 315 macdougaliana=. os Sees 403
Batmeitamiale = = . 341 manzanilloana ____—____-__--_— 407
BERMRE OES Ae 410 morelensis=2 === 222 ee eee 409
SREIMETE OTA (eee en 405 mut iiflore ——— <1 ae oe eee 408
TS TSE oc oe Ala ne eee 405 multijuga———. = eee 408
eavmeenee te 360 nelsonia == 2 = 22 See ee eee 408
DTD 2 a ee 360 nicaTBeMeNnSIS = o> A Ee ae 411
DERE CILO nn A 385 occidentalis] > - =) =. _ 4 Uae 404
Carbonera _______ ea = 397 Ornithopoides= 92. .2 ee 405
© 1 FATE ETE) ete Saal ladle la eller 304 OUGUfONW— 2 eee ee ee as gules 407
SEC ESEE NE la aw 299 oxy phyla = es ee eee 406
MEL a i 405 pauctiora. = ee ee 403
OD dee ee eee 391 pera teania 252 oe. ee ee 410
Meiligvemerrs See Ne ee 391 Picachensis: == ~ =. Nae oo iy OH.
MEM ieee re 265 nolyantha — 222s 2 eee 409
Gh ee 218, 246 polyphylia—> 2-22.) ees 408
Le 1S: GOS a ae eee es 246 Pringle! = 323 ee ee 409
TV 1 LECBSESY OVE a pg 391 punctulata 92 N= eee 403
EP DL a a a a 412 DUEDUSL == ee 408
Mapretaderd so) Te 375 quicdondilla 222 - e 409
ERE BR ae 342 TAadeMOsas- == Sk te ee 411
1 STAD TAG) 6 Sol al aha, a a as 425 Beticuiata..s 22 S.-i 411
MANCINeU RONDA 2 391 SClLenana. | oa 411
RCW eee ee Se 479 SCriCed a2) cae eee 405
Beer lat Owe at ee 437 Skinnetic 2.5 UL ee eee 408
DGG G soe ee aie 422, 4238 spectabilis’._ 242k 4 = ee 407
SG Anolipe ee es es 305 tomentosa 3. = se 406
Mascon de ‘venado. 2:2). = 416 Tong wzii os a ee 409
«TTS SER FETS 71 ole ec 406 CORA Sea oe os 405
Cassia acapulcensis_______________ 409 EPICRONCUT Weeks he 408
tea atc et 410 undulata 3 406
PMeteU Kee ee Pe 410 UM U gal = ee Se 409
MWRUOTERCENS = es ee 410 WIL OSR Ocoee 2 ie eee 406
DIPEONT OD) es ae el ae ee ere 407 | Vina ea Es Ol es 406
DATS TT ED LES 406 WHSIIZOTUT bi. ce ee 409
ESS OCG 2 Aa AOR. | AGaaRie Mowers 20 = eee Soo 379
PUEDE ens ee 1 ALGO @assyitina <2 eee eee 286
eT eeete Senos ea AN Gis eG SL Ata see cee Uns oot Ls Lees 171
‘TEU PWC WSs a ae a ls eon AOC PC antanios es cia ies 7 ee 171
XII INDEX.
Page Page.
NCL la: =e 2 Se Sale en ee 207 ||) Chaparros. >> Sai ee se eee 184
CLASEICAS = = a4 ws Sark Sate ee ee EE 214 ID ELCLO ee ee 376, 378
LOCUS er Ee 214 (Chapin cs 2 = ee eee 437
rstillos dre del== 24 ee so We ee 2 CharamMiiscos oe ee ee eee 386
CUST LOG tn a ae A Se 214 RTT STS UT One ee eee 173
TE = Cet Wy enna 2 wtih ee AE 394; 7 Chatalbuicr ==)" ase hae 407
UATE TT Ce EN ee ae is) Se en 282 Chauctet se = = sa eee 289
CDG Ch Oe a = Aero een es OEM 282) | -Chélele= 2 aa = se eee 398, 399
PET UN a ae Pie ett ere nen ae ae 28 | -<Chéenopodiaceses 2222224 as eee 250 -
(SE) SG) EP Ey pera ae 274 | Chenopodium fruticosum______-_~~ 254
RECropine ==s2= == ss ain aes ee 216) | (Cherry =2=s22 803 ts sss. ee 338
euro GH hots = an Ee 434 laurel waters? <2! == 341
(oy ANS I ey gga cy eel gate 362 @hestn Ute ee 171
LSS a ge ah Aa ANE MITCa lO tere ee err ae eee __ 299, 300
Celtis anfractuosa____-__-_-_______ 200 de "arbol set S22 225i 300
DEKIONG Criss= =e) > = ee 201 CENTCHATT OS es ee eee ee 503
CONES CNS = es a5 a ee 199 Cirichicastes: ==" >= =sss=sse 219
CHUTNEY Gene eee rere mrt hn = oa ye 201 Chichicastle === a 219
TTL PEN nt ae se ah ee SAY 200) | i@hrehicastre 22222 === See 219
LEEOT Sea Seo see Se om MIE 201 \P Chrchicaten. 2°22 2.3 s= 5) 219
MISsISSippIlensis 4 I 201 Chichicaxtlit==232=s"2=3s2.—2— 219
INONOLCH aa = ees = 5 <= 201 @hichicazlillor==223"s="=" === 219
occidentalis=== +--<> =~ 222i 208 “tf @hrchicazte 2222s =e Sees 219
US RU LT (gem to a ne 200 niga 2 ae Soest e eres 219
DUTY CMU R= Ss sore =o TAS ESS 2.00) 9 (TCO ee eee eel mare open eaityee coger 302
PeHCUIAtA 225-2 ak = LION 201) (Ghircozapotes 2222 sees ae ee 302
SCMMCOCONnG == as Oa L998 (hr ol2 Ss Se Rae ee ee eee 499, 511
FSU ea hes ee ara trae oon RO 201 Chilacnyotel=22e*"2s3 sseese—— a 501
Cemposlehudtl= == eee 198 Chilamatle soe ores ssse tessa 210
CORIO en or oe 193" ||) Chilapatess* 2s) Sessa s tessa AT4
OG OS OS ae tere ee SOO 298250 of (Ghiler color = 222 a oe eee 227
OCU 08 MO = 222248 ~ 5 = 2-2 SASS 505 Perro’ 222 So sess os eee eee 410
(BE a a ew en 2G! | s@hilicote s222 2222s 4=Ss=neee 499, 501
CCFA8U 8 St ee S40Nott Oto [Ont Oe = === ae 267, 268, 276, 345
Ceritonian == 2252422 —2 pe oe 412 Ge*cerrg2e hse" ss ses bee 267
Werth s Fan ase ree FOIA 285 de“la’ Huastecs 22 22s i = Saeed
WER CIC) etn Be Sa 428 VENEHOSO 22 2 ane eee 345
NWOT CIN a 5 ener: 27 ie Nee LOS Ade -@hilinchile:= 22s" =2=<2s2"2Sees see 404
WErcoCaT pus -<a=—es eo == EE Sac 4 \Chminaneo. 292" =ss"S5s see 393
ROSY re Pr Soo: | -Chincuag 22 222 5o ee ae eee 282
ROBT O ZO ee mre ns SOOT OLE, of || \CRINiINnin-* 22> 2525s Sak eens ees 289
CHADACHNO = See ot ee OI 338 Ching 223.2222" ee 397
@nacalxo chit ye SR 424° | (@hinto’porrego2 22 = == =e eee 306
ROTTER CT EO at en en nin AA 348 || (Chipagia==2-32">s*>=ss ee 276
(Fa Cae aS ol 9 ae os ee OIG oo || (Chipahude 22222 2"=2"2sssse2=———— 276
Cha chahwars= 28 #52 on ee SES 223° | (Chipiline 33.2 437, 438
NA CTONCH Cae es ae new 501 Clmarron ss 23-2 ese 437
Ha CSc kine oe en ES 494°.) (@nirimoy2=2]252eses= a= 218, 281, 283, 284
Ohacte Gs ssi = oe oe BI 424 CiMarrongy 22 222 S22 eee 283
Oe C2 C1 er a 235 de*lawbarrancas**2 2322 283
@neetoptelea—e->-->S-= Seee TSS @Chirimoyowns2a20 S222 see 283
(OSE EH 6 Wo MPS ea aie, eg lee ta a 398 Chiveatillo 22ers See ee 326
MOS ea Sh Se ane ee ee EE 493'. @hiorophorar=]25222= sess 202
OHA EG eee 5 8 a ES ee re ST DHS. 420° | Chochitoe22s 22222222202 505
RCW CaS era a oe 494 | Chochitos de Indio =—===2="2-—2_—=_ 492
W@RAMACH Oka os a= oe enh AY 396.|, (Chochoco 22 ee2a2s24sess2s"se=——— 270
Chamaecrista amplistipulata_______ 404 @Rocolin' 23 en anes + ae ee 499
CONGO eo ee ee 403) | @hoecomicos.222> 5 4242 s3 2a 237
LEGA OR 2 See ee ee eee BEE 404 Choh i ksh ee ae hk Sole eee 440
OTE Gina = ee ees caja ea 403) | @holavogues Indion == ee ee 221
@Chamseneles 2S SSGr|sChompi pe = aaa eee 240
CHAMISO= =e esa ee ee SS 251, 325 | Chondodendron_-----~=- orem oe Uae 274
Whamrssod Sse eae Oyo | iGhontat Sas SaeNs Mae e see eee 501
Gnamolxocnitl == ee 4 | ORO ELAR ae oe a an eee 499
Ha NCH Oe a es ee ae ene SG || \Cnovens e822 e<~2 <== =s=sernne 362
Page.
Seristmas-berry ——.._—.— 220 Eso 337
mmersopalanus —-—-2== = 2 345
menrysodendron —......-.~.LL 2.05 271
RGD eo 351
MTEL se a a 289, 434
BPABTO UT oe el ee ROE 397
Sraecancauayo — 2-4 See 259
ee eh 507
Beers tus puertas....--.... saa 362
3 a a eee a 298
mercode) Mayo. ..—.2-1.-c22b Meum 254
Per AMOMUM a. os oe 286
Denia ON a9 ee 286
Be EPOdON 222 a oe 334
BemnC NNO ot ee a 237, 315
eT ete et 338
UMA EON .Se ee Sk ee 237
Ge Wspana, 2 ooo EU 338
Pisa mM pelos. ===. BORD 273
Beh RN a= 285
MmINCOlesiite sos = 2) Oe ea yh es 301
BetVCLLiN Ayes oS 424
Bernviteron a esa = a ee 5 BNE 211
BERN GIS ee 2 I BHION 266
Pere acoraGhis.s = aa 2 DOS 491
MPRCOTI AY 24 Sey 52. TRO 493
OR ONGUlOT G x5 505
DNMNeriass 22 eee aoa ~ lol 505
poljphylla:==-=-~=-5---- See 470
schiedeand==<<=2-~==-- 2 "en 505
SOTO Ca a2 as Sm me ee STII AOS 472
MTGiINING Hs 2s22-35s252 2th 505
eesti diumrse <a ee = OIE 346
wmeacs machalli-——==--==-—-9) RT aee 394
moacamachallis === =-==~= 2---5h=22 0 393
Coahuilla- Indians=====-=+2=-=2-+" 253
ROAMECA TCH == aon ea oS 247, 248
RENEE CA ties = = = = = = ~~ ERE 247, 248
roam chin) 2's = += -- 0 +<5ans~~ SO 207
Peet IT Olen =e i we es oe ME 413
RUC ss so oa ee DAPI FIRO 444
NBO tS ah oe es eee en SI 444
eeatlamitiq- 92 =. <- SHIPS 24upuy 328:
SOLAN thins =a ae ee nn 328
Montlanxocotl:+s=+-==25-25--~-+=-UN 328
Ej ee ee eee 444
RSONST COUN tat ten ae FE 476
Coccoloba acapulcensis_______ refs ES 246
DOT DOMES 18 marae nm en in UE 246
COSGIEY ofa) 11S) (2) eae ee eager mg 246
cozumelensis‘===s===s5S=3. 4788 246
floribundavs 2-2 2 ee 244
SOL A T= =e ee ne cin > NN 245
TEA TN CH LO Ra i se oe ae eh RN 245
bum bold ties === a= ae wo 246
JUESEW SCNT ee A Sh we 246
lapethifolia +22... -+222-. 87s 245
Mepmannicsee }! en ie ae 245
MMAGETIAN Gy == Soe) 25d i UT 245
GUDOCENSI Sra Ss 2a oe se gees 246
OnIZE Do Cie: ae 2 art A ee 246
RIUEUICS CTL Ree oN ae eh 2 Ei, FNAL 245
Nemedeana esc sa einen 246
CENT) cE ly 7 af ap et pe ha ee La 244
NAGK GE: EES 0: epee ge geet tag erie t 246
ECCT VLG Bat a a eo nn WE 274
(COVELL ae SRE We A ENP = SESE 172
GUCchimbo). eee See ee 408
@ochizguilities = see eee 500
@ockleburty— ss ee ea 351
COCKSCOM ips a ae ae cee 254
Cecla sae see se jae Soe 416
Cocos plume sa 42s ee 345
@econi ea ee 240
MOCOCO Dag Pe ee ae 240
Caco Gatiitec ie 22 2 nem ee 301
Coeorocho=. 22-22-22 Sales ee 514
@écote macaxihuitl 2.22202 ae 268
TIVO Ue a a ee. 268
Cocoxihnitlies-2 224254 se Se 300, 301
Cecoztamativees. 2 so a ee 267
@eeoztice. 5-2 3 eee 267
Cecoztin.== a ee ies 267
Ce COztlin eo ee 267
@ocuile.£ 22532 ee 511
@vcuite.42624 520525. eae 511
@ohetillio=a— >= Ss ee 437
Cultobais.. 22-2 eee 354
Covotépalo.. ==. ee 217
Coilotépalo.22 3. = ee 217
@opO Dao ss ee 354, 396
@ejobana. 3 354, 396
@ojobillo 2s eee 354, 388
Cojobo a2 +. a 354
Cojones..dé-. gato. == 422
Cola deomarano..——— 2-20 Seek 396
de: mico. = See 396
@olorina3 3 25S 304, 435, 498, 500, 501
chiquitoi22224 2522 eee 497
de. pecess.. 2 511
NE@STOis nee ae oS ee 500
@olorineito..—=-—— 498
@oluteay 22. sk eee 479
@oma, de.una-= 222225) ee 261
Womiali a es es eee 280
Comida de murciélago_________---_~ 404
Gommicarpusiec2 25-522 = 262
@empsoneura..2 33 eee 284
@omuchin._... ee 212
C@bnhacaste. et ee 391
@onchis4-5 ee 393
@onchido_.2..+s—s=-2 5 ee 396
@onfederate:.vine —--—2-____._ ae 248
@Confitura_ 22 22524 205
Gonnaraceae. 22s s-2s52=—..— SEs 345
Gonnarus)-family >. => eee 345
Gontracapitano.—.—__..>___._ 4 te 240
Gonzattl wCs sa. ene SS 427
Conzattia__-----~-~ Bh tow 427
Coopet. ee 210
Gopaifera— 24 S e 430
@opalm,-balsam 22. Bsalyy
@Gopinol.4+— = SS 413
COR6 2s ao ke 210
COBY). sso 209
@oquitor 2 3038, 385
@oral 2 ee eee 265
Coralie sete 248, 265, 396
UII oe oo oe ee ee PR 265
TOS9@ Ores nee 248
@oralinn) 498
@oralinga+22s92s sso a 501
XIV “so INDEX.
C18 OW Oe See Ee ee SS Ss ee ee 265: | @racca -proboides _._—_ sete 475
(28 7) 1h 1: a oo ee Rees 265 palmer. eee ne 475
arab Se ee ee ead 284 platyphylia__..-...-- sees 472
CUM ATT ON ee Se ye eee 281 DOLOSING = 3S ee 472
BORO Mee Se ee i eS 281 PRICE) a 474
Und Se ie ee el ee eee 171 purpurea, 65a ee ' 474
fz) (le Sy Aes REN SAE aN Ce ERO TE) 0, 172 rhodantha = 2 amepee 472
Ey STIG FTV, eas SES 2 374, 375 schiedeana.._..= 474
OU OTS Se eS 308 seemanni —.....=~-.¢¢}ors oe 473
BOR TS Cp LY ere ek ts get 248 SCICEG SA eee 472,478
demiaereing. 22-2. 2 os 2 5s ee 247 submontanas= 22235) =~ eee 473
Crronila— - abe le dare 248 talpa Hn ee 473
Gicex tags pS ae 2 ns a 275 tenella Sor a ee 474
AGTEDD ICOM = oe eS a 342 tepicanaas2 = oS ee 473
Cinta ee er bss 425 TORI CARS eso! =e 473
@artex: \Winteranus.—_-._--- -—__ == 276 VEN GSe eo ee Le a 475
Costillasudervaca.——— = = 251 vicloides=.2-. see 474
Co Ri Ee Cees eee ae a " 274 Virpiniand....--- or 470
COLON CUSLE HE oe ko te ee ae 337 watsoniana._. = = eee 472
CHA WE 2 a ee nee 344 | @rassulaceae__.. =... ee 307
MEISEL LCT eee 8 te a 424 | Crataegus arbutifolia______________ 337
GGnmaroun ame es ee 430 baroussana, = =) 3 ae 335
COPY id 021) ot) (Ce (TE 413 | erecHianas) 2 2 eee 336
Ceursetiavaxillaris. 2 9 tae 481 hypolasian— 222 25 eee 336
GREED BE ee Se 481 mexicana... ee 336
PURO OTISIS 2 Aa) aes 481 microsperme —--2_—. === 3 336
SCV CTIA (iio aos EY Ce al 483 MANOS 2S ee 337
NETCHO DUASUIG 2 a 481 nelsonic. -2 2S 336
1621-0) 1h (=e Sipe ee eee Pe eee 481 parryand, 5_=—-=- 32 a eee 336
planipetiolata_<«——- = esr aoe 481 pubescens - == eee 336
MO yi Tiyan 481 Uottertt.. 2 eee 336
aegis 8 NOD | a ae 481 | POS@l= = 2-2. a ee 336
Moussa possi: = = 22 So ss 218 stipulosa: 2-4 ue eee 336
MBO de eh a hl ia 504 subserrata.—— 5 336
Waruania 2 oe oe Ree 396 |) Grataeva 22. 2-2 = eee 305
CG Tif 0S ine aera oe ee eer eee, 2 78 504, | Crespillo =. _.2_ = eee 267
CCRC 5 Se eee ees Shp |) Cresta.de callo22==- 2s 254, 476
(SOLS Sa ee eee eee: 989) || Cricasdemeégra: = - 2222 ee 505
WEWOGLC ye fs ye 289): |:-Grossosoma: =o 2 = 2 eee 320
@ayuacates=— ee be eee fy 398 fam Dyess =o le eee 320
@ozmhmique 2 ee bere 212: |, Cxossosomataceae. = =— = eee 320
@o7guelite. 4. 499) | Crotalaria = 2 = ove = eos 2 ee eee 436
@oztichonotl= = a eh 310 | Cryptocarpus capitatus__________-_ 261
CCEEGI MES ois ee et 5 Lee, 49% ||: Guacamayass==— 2 ak Ae 425
Gras eves en aa ei AQ: || Guachépil: ==. 2-2 ee 479
OYACCAR ONIN 2 a ee A472) | Cuajilotesde.- 22 te ee eee 240
prande gel) 58 2 tee AP ee ATA, || Guajinicull ~~ == 23 = ee 398, 399
CINCLO RE! oa eS se AVA, | GuamecatesSs\ —-- eet ees 248
CLOSSUONG) = 477A, |, CuamGchile > 2_ __.__ See 393
quermavacang = eiiant 479) |: Cuoamiichil==22 == 2 eee 393
diversifolia.- =~ = epee, Ago |, Guanacaztle..2 325s" eee 391
BO ADU GI sn ee 477, || Cuapinole so 5 a sae 413
GIGDGESCENg oe 8 47%, \ Cyapinole:_» 5 =.= ae ee ee 413
STATLER G soo eee Anny |i Guapinoliece— oo eee 413
IGERRETLNLONAY, <2) ee 477% |. Cuapinolll...- =... a ee 413
LEITCH. - a pence ap AAS | Coates: S25 = oe eee 444
IB LOS Sh) Se - eee AS |' Cuatlataya—.—-—.... -< .- 2 300
ened) Bae SS oe a See 42) || Cuauchepilli 2) = eee 479
Te Cerna ee AT) |) @asuchile so oS oe picters 215
macrantha———————-~---~------ AT |! @heichiNie 5 0 eo 301
a_i Pe eS Cnt e ee 472 Cumdumercttice 2 ee 248
OU MY = Se eS eee 472 :
ye 5 Oe a a aa 472 Cuaymochtli= => ae ee 393
FUTILE Ut eet Way Fo Se AST TIN We SRRANAIN GSC ZL ee we 391
UAL TTT OVA Cen eae ae i AGOp | Clete == aoe a ee 359
TURES eo) a2 ee See 474, | Gueablanea: — === 5 See eee 481
INDEX. XV
Page. Page.
Maria] =ee see wet «boi 2 173-373 || Detea. megacarpa 2 S*0o2 a we ~ 460
BEET LEGS cre a oe ee ewe EE 374 biuncifera=====—---=_ ets 460
Mmaernos-del tore 22 2 ” 374 melantha==2.=-=-- 2. MBLUyRgor 455
MMNnNUCR ===S-"2o~n at ~ sees ee 506 NUULCYONEGtE= <= 2-2 === == 460
ARG a at eee 359 naviculifolia == =+2-2-22--> 518 463
Peg ee ee ee mms ern on OR ae 399 negléct@=-=====s======+2b=s2== 452
nt eee ese 379 NUbOMNSs == 22 2S een eae e =e Glee e= 454
Cimarron: 42:75= 5) aoa e ane VIN 379 ON CUib th a2 wee ee ee 451
PE PPRTI EST Oe Sete nm nek noe ee er 201 ovaufolid=<--+222-2--2===2='2 456
anomie: “family so ee oe 8 316 POFTYt 2222 === SEE TN ORE 452
BPHOTIS COROT = == 2 = = STE LATE 316 pectinaté==.==-2==---2s===224 462
EDEL a a te a 290 plumos@se==23=ss=242<---3=3 2) 456
ERE ees on in 8 em oe OE SOND 290 potycephalas=—-2--e-.—5 ARTI 464
MPLA sts ee 2 Sein mee Sone oie a Sh 419 procumbens =24 2---s=. ~se oes 452
BPR EL 2k (1G) Ter ete oes arora a we A 301 psoraleoides- ~ 2==-==. 2 --2a-225 463
ERS ES S91 ea are pee een mes mye le SEY 413 puleheligs22s a=) 422 Se 464
(pe a a ae ee 313 PUrpusis Pass os dw oes 458
Rl ee eae ees ae BL ee ot ree Se een nt 355 quinqueflora _______ reheat See 460
Lust Seek ee ee ner SO AEE: 286 TOUCONG- = 2s S 45 eee oS eS 453
MESLEEO-ap ple Sa =n = oa wees 282, 284 ramosissima—__—--=--_— 454, 458, 463
mustard-apple family===-s-22=252022 277 | TO8CG HaS~ 2-24 sete Sees sees 453
2 ODOT Coe Cnt lea tek 515 | schaffneri2=-"=> ==h4s >a. a 453
BNC nk er Se nn eos Sn 334 8Ch0tit = == = = 3 -= == aR reese 451
MeInEODE Ameen = aa OAR TM 279 SCOpONiG=== >= Ses Sere San OES 461
PeOMetr Ae s= = =e aaa et oe AI 412 | SCOMaNNt=S=2S2===e=—25= SE 463
BIIRURICRION R= ae Pe Pet 8 503 spineseens-~ ===== 22222 Se 451
1 SUNBURN 507 SPIN08 0 ass oH Ee ee 451
Wiadtea douttfolia —-=--22oon sss = 460 TRUM Ot ESE SS 5 CN ee 464
PUILEICO NASD erent an a er RS 453 thYT NOTA == sss Seka e seasons 455
CATON = a a ae ee 462, 464 UNCONIG = ss ~ SHS =~ ee See ee 462
SNE: oo emer rreearareny ioe lee oe Saar S| AOA AR 463 ONONarig~ => ses) ee 462
Ma TOStacny @=—= === == CME Pe Ise 456 LOMeNWLGSOr == == Ss ene ee eee ae 462
CBI CLIC a sa lettre cep at Gao 460 TWOCIIUNG-= = $2 = 42S e ea e 463
CVI OL ORY a 2 = ea eee] 451 | tuberculatas=—22s 55s 463
BLT BDG Cas aan george as EN 451 | VETVENACEO == a SS SS 462
CUNESCENS! ——- = an oly KI 464 | SOniced 525. eee 462
(RENT ATI rag re hat ges SY 460 | VETTUCOSO~ <== 2 DOS 464
EDT Te RS Needs 464 VOTSiCOlOs-2 == ee 459
ALOR RET OUD rer ane ne Sree RONEN TENS 457 | wrNnidiflore_.__ eS 453
EOFS AT ea ape er eo i oa! ALL 454 | wishZenis Ae 459
ON BET a ag ei naa ape eg RE 5 ES 465 SCS8S8tlis 2 Se ee ee ee ee 459
PLETE Cheese wea ete Ae i et’ TAS OP 454 zimapanica ______ hae i el 455
AUVOTICOTO a= 2 ee 2 POL 453). |i Mamasco oo ae ee eee 338
CiNer Cte 452 Daubentonia cavanillesiiz.. = eee 476
domingensis==— eins 455 thunberth eee ee ee 479
doryenories— 28 eh 464, | Day Ste. 20b Ob Bea sk ee 380, 386
ACNE UNE AGL, 2 la 463; ))) Delonixs Sete ae ee eee eer A427
STAT I IAD ETT se 461, ||| -Dentthiye: se Se a eee 499
CEAQIE Ue ee ae 458) Dendromecon) {2 = = Se eee ee, Re 299
eysenhardtioides_______.______= AGI || Dendrophthora- =! S300 ee 223
jractrormigs = oN epee de A507 Dertts, 22 Mis oe ee 511
ROTOR eae see SS Bathe aie | Desmontiysre 2 2s 366
AUR ORCONR oes ae Baik 461 | Desmodium amplifolium ___________ 487
RIAA see ee AS ei oy 454 CROTOCCNIMN, ee 487
CPLA SAA 1/1) i eg See ee ae ED ES 454 chiapensée- > ee 487
SPL py OEE RE ae 458 cinereum:.——— centre ee | 487
hegewiscnigna=2- = - 453 CONSULTS Si eee ee ae 486
MOSEOREOCNY ON 458 LOUDSUNt Set Se 486
WE UOn (en ee 453 ghtiesbreqntit, === -a eee 487
RCMP OBR LCIIAS pte eee ne 461 GQUSCONUM —— = == ee 486
BLEUCURLOM G2 Test eet A? Fees 457 outusum 2A Sater eye 486
CUR OVER 2a EN 460 Wnt ee 485
WEG OO ae er nh 456 macrostachyum______________ 487
macrostachya________________ 457 NiULOAY oe 487
LAA SADT LIND epee eS ir ORY 452 ORD CULO Cae ee 486
XVI
Page.
Desmodium plectocarpum_--~.----- A86
plicatum, 222-2 nos an 486
psilophytlum —.——_—~~-.--24+=- 486
DUPDUST os 28 8 at 485
Besmopsisi== = 22 a ase 280
IWESO bh! 2 Se ee a IS 382
(Bi ebz eee ee oe os Se 341
EYE TAZA ap a 308
Mew DER 52.5 oo StS 328
Diaz del Castillo, Bernal _-__--_-_~-- 318
DG Wy se ee ees 423
Mersin Ses = oc eS ee 256
Raa ymopanax 22252252 ot tes 217
DD) a eee rae eo eee 203, 394
Wincled sao 2 a bo ee eS 494
Ty Sai, ae Sah a 478
SEU CT YO sar he ee tg 430
PRACOCOPD UWS! 3 = os ee oe op ees 219
UAL yl tee sa ak i ot 423
WROADO ETRY sso a eee sy 286
Wer woodlss2e3 <2) oka 511i
Ma cholus i222 ee ek ae oe 496
DPolichos altissimus===—=—+22=-s24—— 504
TATA BE ee 2 oo 497
DTT UC 1G ee ae ces On 504
Don Diezo'de'noche= ~~ == =- =) 2.52. 259
PORAPS we ee eS 347
IDYSVTG ISIS Sa ie 5 eee a ee 253
PPO ee eee oo eS 335
Dpri tere ee oe 2 eae be ete 335
MByerenti era aes os a ed Se ee 362
ETO ew wee TT Gy ye ae a ee ah 405
Ma@nmilO na: 2s = 2 a na 362, 363
Wenstenia® = =2 =ecw sot se ee 202
HOST (ii Sn Ko x 83) 2 hot eect 508
TROT Sim & = Sie a it ee apie 206
Wasson S-bloOd: === =e) =~. -~ eae 508
REP ANOCAT DUS: | ae = 2 + coer 508
RSID; Sew ona el se 276
Duerme de noche 26 =s heats 407
TMPELON OU ee ee ko | 2 Sy 313
CLA ee ee Cee 338
JO SEISSp yuck RS ae ea ee 436
Wam- flow eres 22! pees) tye an eter 279
MMe EPOCH SoS 2 2a ot > So a eaten 391
Hparig 55 = 388, 396, 423, 426, 442
Li OOS HG 2 Panes ot bee 0 cae aes eae g an 430
igep tele) ae ae eo lr Pe pain ce yA OR
Mera Uli et ene Tei ke 404, 407, 410
ORCS ee eee tS el anette 404
Pre Deron ie Avs ste fie nae Pe 269
elecileree tes eS ats sie Sr eo eee 405
1D) eee. rot et ay ts 278
LT Se Se epee rts 198
Pe ye OS a pate 198
TOUT S010 lhe ieee Se. 275
ghee Sn BE) ae 275
LOTTO ia eg 5 | re ress 188
Himplectocladus__§__._- = 240
LVN CHI at se lh ee ON 172,
178, 181, 183, 184, 185, 188, 189, 343
Dana see eee Se NL A een 186
Capilincillos ss = elaine 185
chaparro otk Sei RE Ported TD 185
COLOMAM a =o 2a ee ares 189, 191
MOUREtA ee ee eee eee 198
INDEX,
Page.
Eineing decmiel=2_ os ee 172, 184
MONET Ga oe = eee See 173
memelitosee=* = tee ae 182
TEP Tae ee eee 185, 189
prictas ss <- S. eee 184, 186
quiebra-hachas = =e 184
roplez= a3. — eae 180, 183, 197
sanciloties =. = ee 193
Hncinvlaeest) — oe ee 173, 346
Rneinilies= =<] = Ss - 2. ee 317
Engelmann, George -_-_____---_---_ 186
Eneorda-cabra\—.--— = 2. eee 486
Hneorda-cabras=.—= 25> 464
Hnguande ee Soo a eee 300
Marien ba= ts ee eee 300
Baredadéra 2 ee eee 470
de‘SansDiego. = ss ee Se 247
Rntadate sees. = a eee 349
Haterolobhiun=4=_ .- - = 391
Hquipaliea so ee 199
Hriobotrya 2222222 sae ee 334
Brievonum 2223-2. > 2 eee 241
Wripsemae@ewth 28 ee ee eee 495
Hrvendbergils,~C 2 = eee 363
Bev thriciacidy 222 = ee 498
Hrythrinasamericana=-—2s- =e 501
previfloral sc >= eee 499
OOTReN = => Se ee eee 501
corallodendron.——_ = 2 501
Goralloides==22—. 4.02 eee 501
divaricatae== 2 =.=-42 ee 501
Aabellitormiss.— 224 ee 501
goldmanii=~ 2.222: oo ee 501
hrerbacéa‘ 222233 ae eee 500
NOLrid a3 2 Se ee ee 500
lon dita] 25-222. 24 eee 500
LOTOTE HOES ee ee 499
lentocdly@ = === a See 500
léeptorhizays = 2222 as eee 500
jithosperma. .~—==.——— ====— = 498
Jongipege se =e ee ee 501
montana: 22 e255) =o eee 500
occidentalis=]==** ==. eee 500
PCIVOCG 2525 = 22> = 2=> see 499
princeps 2 322 === = see 502
purpusi- cis 25. ees 501
TOSCA oo eee 502
TubrINenvid oe 500
setosa Uo SL Sa 499
Hpythrine_~ > abeieneee 498
Hrythrobalanus..—.. 22 See 172
Hrythroidine_ i ee eee 498
Hrythroresina..-— .22 498
Hsc¢allonia family—_-_—__$__.____ 42853 313
Hse¢alloniacesie.22— 22 Re 313
Escam bron = 261, 509
Scaramuo wa ee eee 334
fiscoba. larga Joao eee 454
Hseobilla —- 5 =e ee eee 486
Escorzonera de jiquelite___________ 4389
Bsicremento—__ — - ~~ >= eae 304
Rispante-lODOS— — ee 424
Hspina de vaca... -_tio eas 362
Hspinillo 2. cee ee ee 379, 428
de Hepansa _2 2s Seeeee 428
INDEX. XVII
Page. Page.
Meping==2==-+==-4--.85 Wo Tssovasl age | Hicus palmerPes=se= 2.2 ee it:
DlANEO ene e ease cs cscs Pe 374, 379 NAURAMEUSIS 2 ss eae Sees 210
demlaya Meee enn sass 393, 394 Netolaris= eas 2eer eS tr ee 210
MNCLTO == === see hese sec Ole 261 POR BUT ya Wey pnp ake Seale ate td lok ed nih tol 211
rea l:de. Wspatia-<<—+.2=~.-0sKRo 428 TAGUIALES Soh es Ss oe ee 209
VIGRINObG: 2222-202 one SAE 261 pers Abb Ub ot: Lemire eee tema Tess Ed 209
MApiNUeloO + S222) 24 been eegaee 3h 394 rehiziosas=2-2s== bee ects ee 206
Espuela de caballero______-_----~-_ 427 Segoviness shanties sane wee 209
MStora@ue | -- 222 nese tee ae ee PEW 317 SONG OCS 24 Be 2 em eee 212
MRPrOUia a2 ae ssn AUG 252 subrotundifolida.===<<ss=5=4-= 210
Eysenhardtia amorphoides ________- 443 tecolutensis====2==4=s<-<==4s22 209
orthocarpa-=2=+=2<<-2hu 443 yucatanesis 2642-42 eee 213
COUMPONMAs ==2=-2==5+222=252= Mae | Wipe AOS 8. 2 tb ee een 205, 206
OlUONG- 222522 22222222=5522== 4ay | Winisaehiv. £9 Lites... OS. 379
Orthocarpars====2-==2=-==104 443 | Miamboyant: .22 2202)... -- =. OFF 427
parvitolia 22--225-=--55.22222 433) | Miamettree:c oe See Je... 22. 2 olin 427
peninsnlaris)j2=.. +2222 -2L2U) 443) | Widt barbona. 22 oe kee ea a OM 424
platycarpas =.-——---22222=022 444 dé 4ngelis.22 422222. iene wl 424
Molvstach yarsoea ws we 59 443 dé:chapa) 22222222 21>. = Oo BR OS 424
un CtAtar = S==5=>— —= 2 s--See= 443 GeleorazOnusas2 4 6e2d2eLedlee 275
MEMGULOLG == == Sasa SS Ssan” 443 deiguacamayas..22s24..5-098 424
Schizocalyx 2225-2225 5ss285255 443 GO URL ON SF ae Rl 240
SPINOSAM HSS eee ewe one see aes BS 443 Ge MAGerai = ek wo ee 222
SUUCOTOCCG Has eS 444 de papagallo, = =2—=4=4seupeniss 511
GSN Ee 444 de' patois ss. =). 5k aw aes 240
Poa ENG SY eo oe 429 GEDA V.0 0s aetna 424
Me aC CRO 22 Sasso soe ee 171 de pitoeS-a—=-- 2 Lo ee 505
SPU) Beene Sos ah tee ee we a 325 Getrag yO the es ee ee oe 428
MISCHINGIgO =2 22526-5252 ee NE 442 de‘San Diego cee 3 = a 247
Sandalwood 2-225 24 22252 Ue 237 de SanWrancisco:==2 == == ease 424
PEAR SETP OO Ti Es yee ae te rn ee ge ek 240 @esan Josés.=5—=-—--. 2 409, 410
MeudlerssAugust=--=<2==.=E0U2 DNL 312 de‘San Miguel=-——+—— = 2-eeboes 248
pnt enews = 22 = ea nezcan® 312 delccamar6én == - ===. sean 424, 427
SEER CT: Cl] Ship sess ses os me oe oS 311 del Secreto. 2-2 222 2-=+" eiieea 410
Hieus angustifolia. ==+2=--2s<2-\' ps 209 Bilow er- fence. 2 2 2 oe 425
bonplandiana ____-_-----~---- 213) Worchammeria 22252-24500 s as 305
piidercivas=s=s2s22ee 2h! Mer 211 Meur-o' clock, = = =o! i ee a 259
CCUM COLONY 6 ee meee 213 PA TAT Yt see ct ee an 259
carica——___-_-~-_------_------- 208 t maaileriligs "006 23 ee 343
complicata_______.-_-----____- 212 | Wrambayano________ 9804 ot en 427
cookii__~---__-__------~----_- 209 | Weemboy Sn, 2-95. os os 2 ese 427
ROUT Oli ates sae = 2s 225 asso 58 210") neNmbuesa 2 one 328
crassinervia—_~_-------------- 206 | Prijol de chintlatahua_____________ 498
elastica => — ti a 206 de monte. ee 406
[OSCICULOLO Sass = os oe oe Sse 212 de palo... 2.22. ae nd opie 503
PUISCESCENS IS] Sess esos 2138 plandus 425252 see oe eee 503
eee w es Frijolillo: -==--=*="e="5 396, 404, 407, 435,
SS GLI ar 436, 495, 497, 503, 505
Poldmanii >= 524 oo AY 213 Frijolit 435
guadalajarana.. 2.2 2-222 209 Bt ER aT Tan Oh ies eee
~ EE eae am Ts 209 Fruta de burro th a es ERE 303
SEAR OSRL EN eh or a rt ae OED 213 ae PS ee Bye
PQLURCON Caen 2 Se Oat 919 | Fulmina -------------~----------- 248
lige a eee 913 | Furrusca —_---------_-------___- 404
RST HEIN SUVA TAGE oe a es gy ee on oe 210 | Fustete ____---______--_--------- 203
acu a 212 | Fustie -__-__-------------------- 203
Temtiein ogee ke Gul ||| (CRY DIR een ae ee eS 379
ligusetrina— == ==~ Ti: SUP IEEE BE). 5 212’ | Galactia acapulcensis ~——=-_~———=__ 502
PTE KA Gant ay ee sees es le OTOL GL) 209 CW erg at BNA eh: Ue Amt ma berielnens way hn ioe ie 503
MiUGno Glam yg 8 se nn BU 212 brachystachya so 502
MYDECO =a = ae IT 210 Unevistylar eee 502
Gh ea ON 206 Tita Gps fa Lr sped ane a maha aa ht 502
mygapha eiioltade =~ er 210 Mmultiionae ee ees 502
OOTUSTf OU = ns nc 213 PUTO Oat ee ee ee 470
DAG Olas a8 en 212 Sirinta esr see et ree ee 502
XVIII INDEX,
Page. , Page.
Galactia tephrodes___ = =~ ---222--=— 503 | Guacamaya francesa___.__________ 410
VALTER OT es ee Se a, 502 Mequetnd —-==. 0 Pees ee eee 425
Wrirhtilss. — 2 Sos. se 2 ee HOS. | Guacamayo.. Solr ser is 265, 300, 424, 506
Galega cinerea 22) "2 2S 5- 0 ee AT4 | Guachapurillo_—_ 22 == ee 346
{ERULESCENS — 2 ee ee 440°| Gnachichil="= 22" 2 2522-42. 2s= eee 301
Galeotti, Henrie 2 he 179 | Guachichile———__- 2 2 eee 301
GaMinitacs = ee ee ge Te es 495 | Guachilii22]—- 2222 300
aL G eee oe ey 900; 298,424. 476 | Guachimole==_—-—_ ==" ae 393
eee ye Ree Series ewes SIN ee 473 | Guachipelé: 2*- 222.22 479
Pare hi eae Ses a eee BOS | Guachipilin =" 2= 2 sss s. = ee ee 479
oman reset eS _ ee 503 | Guacimilla_-__ =" 22822224) 2s tee 199
Srewbatitio 2. ele 359, 365 cimarrona —_~_____~---------- 418
GAA AEO te ee De EE 200, 261 | Guacis -____--_------------------ 369
Np CO 2 eee ee eee 200 | Guaco_____-_-_~------------------- 240
BrichG tee eee 261 del’ sar 22 2 = ee 240
Meermbriio. 2 22. 261;:334 | Guacolote___--—------_----2is4s 422
@umbanciiio ._____----~.--_sa0d= 469 ce i a cea a =
de Ja costa __._-=_._._.-_ieeen 481 De eae aa 422
Garbanzo falso —_2-—-—_._.... d= 503 Guacoporo fSecssssbseeerasscsaass 428
Titi ia 360, 365, 377 | He ~----=--------2-------55=- a
blanco. 2 ere pen es ea a
“re ela ee e7es79, sea. | S8@Je_---.-225-==--->-- = eee Boy
ER reise es EOE 506 | Guajilla ----------------------- 382, 397
Geum cercocarpoides ____-___----_. - 325 | Guajillo Re Se ae ETS 368, 381
dryadoides____--------------- 206 | RIE spcaarmes- oO ener
ctl) Div oer er ee oe ee peer 2 OE 34d ||) SP ere ee ae eg
ree TA ane | Guamuche —22--5<225--s- pees ena
Pobare Mo Bon. aa OURS 0G je ee e283
GiPicidia. ku ibe en ano || GRGUUCIN | = aa anne ae eee ane
Gigcine abrus 222-10 Siieet ees 492 | heater cari Se sees +) Sate ea a
. 4 if AUGAIMUCIILIW Www LL ee ee eee ee
haseoioldce alll. apt | ¥en hedlonda———— a 511
prccatorta. 4-2... shuns) 497 Fingers Santen <n et ee sti
pulcheld..2 5254423 SOIe Tee 496 | ese as SSeS ee Se ee
angittata. =. =. aetal 505 | bea REIS TESTI TTS == See a
SETAE no SS Ge OR. ||) OAS Sor sacionin Se oie a nee ee eter enn eas
ooh Gite WE). SS ee 492 | {ite Seer ear Goat een a
CivevEnnizin, =. 622-2 kos ee Ve 499. | aie vee a 2 Se ee ee
Gediearania eat 354 | Goan STFS ERT I TIRES TEE a kaa
Goma animé de México ____---_---- 413 coe Si Sc a es La
devaxtierna—= 222.8. 1 es See eh, 413 Suen ge ae Seer cyt
% Guapillo.=—- se ee 495
desmezquile. eres 352 G el 413
en “oe ce etiee PI. boo ee eee 413
Sonoraeees se 2 ee 480 | . Sa = a nn
Gomphrena latifolia _____------=-= 259 | Fi ai aieehity S09 a08
Ganseperry 2. 22h a< hae 316 hae Spe Called iaaie Sakae epee Gaya Pe ei
family---~--~---~------------ 313 eet Sata silane oo 217
Goosefoot family ----~------------ 250 || Goastapanns <--> ee
. haa maa - 35 ---=-=-==-===5 oe |) Giattap@a oo wy ee 423
lic, Cee ee eon eee 5
a EBISU SOE | nenaueee ee
aa eae i a a ae |} Ge bope ses Sa a i a 399
(5 UW eS SSS SS SS Seana eS Guatterias - "es 6 2 eee ee 277
Ge Omeas => 2. = ers ee tee 200 4
ee a | wees
Granolino_——-________-____-_____- B88 |) G@uevahillec. 20 in on a ee 508
Greasewood _- ~--~--~--------------- 325 | Guayabito de tinta_____________-_- 344
Greene atnGrrt = ee 296: || Guavabo de lore. 2022 = =e 303
Greggidy= saa seso222= Loy OOO | GueyAChn 22ers 396
Grosourdy, Rene dei.) 22, ee a2 219) 1) Guayaniquile= 2 2 a eee 899
GEOSSULAT eee ee SLG, | Guava villosa ee 426
Grossulariacene—— 3. = 222 313° |) Guayinachile- 2!" "22 ==" sae e ae 393
OXLCR hh g: bel ae ee eee 424 | Guavyolote 222-222 >: == eee 378
pity iy || aes Se ae 410) |) Guavule®-- 2822-22 = eee 323
de\c0sta se 8282524522 es 423 | Giiegiiecho________ 2 2 UE ae ae ees 240
INDEX. XIX
Bepere-Peg k= = 2 = 2 - = De a2)f..\Hesperothamnus=£2—" 23 eas 484
DEREK py tte oe nde ed PEN DISUSE SOU se MLCtero MeCleg a 222 wee ee ee eee 337
Sermiche-HGlles == 2 =~ = ST ree 4234 @AICR CO n= sas = 2 = ae See ee ee 345
Bee CD aS ao on on nn oe MODE 261 HMicrvaDurioe” - 2-222 = ease eae 386
ReaBIC-DI@NG =o 26 a eo nes BIOS 442 deshulia22<=22 > Sessa heer 505
Reerie lah. as es ee UIE 275 dercanela=2s= >2 5 2a era 385
Guilandina bonduc__-____~~--_____- 422 LEICLETIS ar nen ae ee See 490
PONAUOCILG =~ = = Se OP EOL EO oie 422 derailmazor= ese te See ae 404
WROVAN GO = aa = Se = we ITI 306 delay. calentura= == ss =s< soe e ee 259
BET Oe se 2 oe e BE 338 desinvconchuda= 2 =22 ese 286
pimnesd-hen weed == <==2~<-==_ Ne 265 decay Dutra on 2a eee 404
Paeneiios=== 2 2 22S oo ee SN ee 279 derlatvacas Sess Sor eee 414
Biletoesees ana as eas TOE 279 deta viruela= <== ** 2-7 Sse hae 313
MPOURERS EN Gem Sj bre em te NR LON 351 deJas-rallinitas®=—22 >> seas 264
COREG Ome ae a3 eee II 375 dejlas*mataduras= 20 !-= ae 275
Smsache.-yondiro==+—>-==-"erN ture 379 dedlos/avaros=2 =< ssh st to 267
BRIN STILTS Nimes is Sn wee = PL ST 332 depSantn- Rosa: = 22>" eee see 247
BNE ANT Ood COS woe se be i enn tn ET 354 Ge Wwtbord = es ee ee 468
ANEURIN Ge oe sees wenn wo = = 2 413 del finigel SS ss rae oe eee =. “SSB
BrapiC=s Saas eee ee 3s SERN 370 dels burro = 222 eee 253, 408
SUSE G) Se a eee eee ee 513 delidnende=22 "22 * 222 ta5essce 495
Guzano..de_pica-pica....-====-2 2282 504 cevespantol. 62 en Ona eee 424
eee TOMO GLUE 25) =k 2 248 deltindio== = ae eee 264
ELE eee CS Sey 298 Gel ojos ake 28 ee oe 274
BME Oe ee ys oo ys a a ee BI alt Gelipasmo===s 27 Ss ee ee 325
Rem aes ire 6s a a a MD 511 del-stabardilic= == 22 = ae 259
RMA SE coca os oh UIT 350 Gell talaje ates a ee eee 286
He PaALlAN Cha a OIE 467 INedionday a eee 404
Heda CONGA 143 ee 350 Hedionda Macho. == es 407
aeanouters=— 525-5. +4 -- = BeOUy 494 MGT fee ee eee 266
deiSan- Antonio. —— 52th 422 UGH = ee eee eee 274
RIDE Tee cro ef ee EN 511 POSTION oe ee 490
“ED SEG) Cs a peer rret st k AO4) ei op = 2c se eee 206
PEIN Ee i a ne = DILYS 404 devindits a eee 212
SOS 5 2 eee tee 199 lOxe Chico): 2222s eee 210
RETNA LOX Yl ne ee JOT 419 loxe grandée222 "22. Sie 209
LSC 6a rr is Ee AVS |) Eipuerda— =o er 2 2065 209.210
Haenke, Thaddeus... + DES pill Seber Orne a ree 210
SAGER TDS se GLC WA a ene MG OT WEEE CLO LO Ns oie to eee 210
LED ECEATI OC eeiirgeeee 57k Ut BAT ao] Mal & GT ho a Met ea eee Lelelred ng stoe_ wee yr oe 212
Hamamelidaceae___________ a LS efi) EN em a oe 282
MERRY LS Pap cap pg sy aa Sires wine RATE 2045) Tings) JR a 2 eee le eee ee 375
LECTIN (eo 9 tf aE AYE (9 tril ey eee Acie Ra sees we el 344
EEL PINOY), oS) oS Oe ea peapionmes EL 284 ey ESpaSine ee ee eee rt 264
PATON C1 Oooo See eee 0 DAD PELOALZN ee winaliwenisestrh ie pirat an nical snes} 368
AES S DU VC Oey yas Sees le LE AGES pO AEN ete ee ele eee 368, 411
LLC SC FED ECG Bt) ti SS are ene) CER SoOSe ELOC La atl ee ae ee et oe meee 212
PIGVORO ees Like LP oe me oe sae Sore || (ElOmmansepeia = oy ee ee 419
Haw, red_-____ <A NoE Res 2 TL 2 RSE WP EL Oo eh uD LRM RN ge semen ee ee ee 237,
Pee EM Oe es se SNS ot an pees SOOL ELOUZTO MLB lees oe nee ee ton eee 434
RRC ee ee LE Fes eh Sons Gd We ELouuaenre MUG ee ee 422
LY SG TEES ey ct a eS Bag i Elovadesen=—— = Soe ee 408, 424
Hebanthe hookeriana_____________- PeiGr Olt senee en 2 a See ee 427
FICO DER cts ee a 259 Gel Mp AIS ae ne eee eee 427
palmert deni Ath ont in prt Eh O58 iPEolyiCalitornia— 22 9 eee 337
TUT TT 1s Se 2bS) |tolly-leat cherry —2 =)" 2 he 342
medion dillan =. = 2. Ze vaGOwAOS aOL PEOlOGtsCus a= 324
EC COAG 1 ease iranian Pee heien Sepia 404. iiolquahwith 2 oe er ee 15
Hedysarum cinereum _____________ | ARTA: WELODWOOG a iaek oe eer 244
POCO Us ee DAO Cis EL OLD Oe see ee 7 ee 249
Pe TETSU AT pee oe Se Ne vr He ANG} Hormigicra. = ces oe tt eee ee 408
Hernandez, Francisco_______-___ 298). |PPeOrseradishe oe ees eee 307
“1 Fa 0h 1001 0 0 lea ee de oe 298 | ERC Ges 2 NET as SL ne ee 307
LEDIG Un A 7 cs lee dan coat? Sopaee gpa de 298 tresrramiliy: 22-22 ss ae oe ere 306
eruanginced et. es EN POSE A|WERGERCWOOG seo aoe ae rt a ee ee 244
| AV EEEETICTCI 7 a le tinc e 2597) Hontensiae oe es Se 308
INDEX.
xX
Page.
Einachipiline 3323 aoe 479
NEN CO ease = Se oS 240, 241
site tet) 508
in oe ee eee 368, 411
Sponplliie2 = 382
Eippep ill O eee eee 378, 382, 397
lennlinvhy 2D Lee eS 275
letra i ee ee 393
pie tl 393, 418
MATOS See eS ee eae 393
LE Din ie Se ee ee ee 282
igri cat = ee ea 391
lel hl eee ee 205
1 SIGS Sr ee eer 368
Sips ee er ee 368
ate enero Chee a 261
Bint Maes ele ee SSeS 435
PeuoOMdes Tang = ne 490
Simi bGhis ee Se eee 292
15 Vriereyoay A the ee ee eee 391
Ei mitt ee 440
itisaches=2o 2. = — 878, 379, 397, 423
Cah ea eee a 379
dena senliliae 22s = ee 379
Hinismord —_—2=———_— = =— = ==-—-— 332
Hadtzmamaxall =. Se ate eS 374
-Huitzquahuitl —-____-~---------—- 422
nixachin a ae ee 379
Enzacne: = ups ceeds ae 255, 378, 423
Tab URS PITT ee pe eo RE 398
Sil ean eee eee eee 215
ERO Per i ne ae 393
Hydrangea —-_--_---------------- 308
Pan ye ee ee 308
Hydrangeaceae__—---------------- 308
Hydrocyanie acid_----------~----- 341
Hymenaea -~-------------------- 413
Hypaphorine —-__~__-------------- 498
Hyperbaena_____----------------- 273
Ree en ee RPE ee eee ee 482
ere See ene ee At Se 345
Terme tlt bps a ee ey EE ee 344
Teaquillotes=- == ==--——=- === =— == 344
Ichthyomethia ~-____------------- 510
TenanerOse sa 424
laqiiins2 ee eee 359, 424
Raia ee ee ee 282, 284
de Tehuantepec ——------_----—- 282
Mamatzapotlowe === 282
VET TATU re 277
freenonde eetapaso =) 2 = 413
WGenlantictra]. === =- eee 413
ig (0s 440, 442
ihneieo-Dusho 22> 451
bai eyteya el) ae 451
Indigofera acutifolia ___-_._____--_ 439
PAE cape Sn er 440
CONIA Ree 441
COLGHINOINeS=—— = 439
COStTAniCenSIs == ——— = 441
cuetnavacana]—=— ————__—_ 441
GENOINODS ee 439.
CROCIS It a eee 441
Trt COSO ee ee 441
hippocrepoides__—_—-----_—-__ 439
Jjaliscensisa = ae-—=- = 440
Page.
Indigofera leptosepala_____-_------- 439
lespedezioides — =. _2= 439
lindheimeriana __——-—-= —--25=+ 440
fotoides= =. 225-2 = a eae 441
MeCTICONE = 2252-2 Se 439
montana === 2-32 ee 440
mucronata.—_—— —~=-- eet =-£ es 440
ornithopodioides________------ 439
palmert, 2222 o 2 Sea ees 441
platycarpa (== o es Se ees 439
DUPpUS 222+ eee 441
sabulicola. 2.2 > eee 439
salmonifioras--\ ee iy 441
Sphaecrocanpa == aa eee 439
sphinctosperma —~_~----------- ‘440
suftruticosa_=—_ = == _=24 eee 440
thibaudiana =—- =e 441
{netoria a ee 440
tomilosa= == = 440
fumMmidula =... 440
rycen eeieles =k ee ee 393, 397-400
anomala ._-.--~-=te=46_sh— 385
CANes Gens: =... - === ee 384
Cg. = 394
COrvia Cea —- = ee eee 400
edulis. == eee er ee ee eek 399
emarginata ——---___-________= 384
erliocarpa =>... = ee 399
Wssicaly x5. ee 399
flexudsale:. <2 eae 400
guatemalensis_____-+---=+—=-— 359
ACU ES ee ee 388
incl 2 a ee 398
lanecolata._.._.— == ee 393
Teens) 2 398
leptolopal ==. = a ee 398
NAtCNS B= 5. eee 349
paterno.—--._-- _-__ 2a eee 399
pennatula —-— = — ee 379
pringlel! 35" 222 eee 399
DULDUSIL, - == eee 399
Tadians. 2 = eee 399
seliedeana. == —_ => =. tse 400
SPCCIOS Ce 386
Spun ay = 2 ee 399
iciraphylla;. 2.22282 eee 388
PeNeh ep iteeee a 399
ImicertOs. ssa 223, 227, 229, 231, 234
blanco ~--------------~------ 231
deaguacate..2 2) 235
deiencings— SS ee 230
Inguande 2022 <= 3s s33=4 eee 300
Engerto soe = 2 ee eee 227
Racin a ee ee ee 264
KQunite 499
ae: 20 Se te 198
Iresine alternifolia __-_--_------~-- 256
DUSUSE LOU a 258
arenarid= ] a2 ee eee 258
(Ce OR a ee 259
cCassinigaerormis=——-— === 259
GISCOlON S222 oe aa eee 259
CLOTIO FI is ee ee 258°
STANGIS = 2 a eee 259
WaTtMa Nh = 52 =e eee 258
Page. Page
PPS INO HOLT CLA G ono os eee ee 200" SOLEUS oa ee here toe oe RI 290
ATECERE UD Uae ee eee BOON | IROOy = oor ne eee ee aren Seal ieender ake aS 173
ROLL OL ee eee eens ZO OU ISO Ly O- eee emer em et ee een eben Ea 289
ETS 8 a a yl eae eS 20o"| Krameria~ picolor==“22 22> => sees 348
RNa ener ere et en ee 257 CONESCENnS= =e === 2 Sees 348
TAU N29 |e lpe J peat a al pty pa ate 258 DUCT OCA == See 348
[EEO ESS GE ee relay nai i 258 cinercars =) 444 we ee 347
IEEE UNG 29 as eae apa pa 258 COLLING: 2S was See Meee 348
BRU Clean ne a 258 CUSPIda tas 2 a Se eee ee 347
TED a mw C8 01 pe a gt eel 258 Cy tiscides =] esos saa 347
REHAUENED = ee te i ee 258 fuscia ss ssa Seen ee 847
(50 eH aces serene rpms mmc ply tith ofgl at 258 Chrenver gil ee are an eee 347
ORE MLCU A tee ete eee 258 family-£252s¢224s2 -45- WiDRBES 346
MEO OO Geer ee 481 glandulosa=#<s=2s5 22-25 Bens 347
PNeanteplanco.———-—-— 374 grayl =sS-s2se25 52-285) Se 348
ASUS? cS eee ie aes 342 interior’ =s-a2 saesse42248s2523 848
2 SCTE EAS TRTUS) Sa ie oe 301 Palmers. 2S ee eee 347
“ONGMILEY CITE sp i a a OD 219 Daivdloliae eae ee ee 348
1ST ben PEI TT pe a tae ce 277 ramosissima__ =e kee 347
TST) essa a le en ik i ae Oe 33 DOUUCULOR Ge ot eee eae 347
"SRY OE pe pe a aga amare 199 paucifolia..2.2 22 See hoteee a 348
1 DIED cece ca a lat A a i a eee 342 DIOstratacee 2 eee 347
cs 00 eT CET Tp a ee acl ps 267 BAMOSISHIMNA]— 28 2 347
Eaeccosnenepilly, —- =" ee Sere 273 Trevolutals2sS2 US o247 See ee 348
“TUS et est ali i ace aD 422 secundifioras—— = irate = ee 347
EDT SEU GTUULO Tx eet a tl pa oli Be 469° | Kerameriacese=_ 222-23. ee 346
EAE TEAL IR cepa aa aa nl 393") eBanitm: sca loos as ee Se eee ae 290
Ee yee ae ne nee 212" Kantm-kelp- 225522 2S 5o 2 Snes ee 290
TSE SE DEE AI aa a ae age al UO MRR eee ouT oh ce tenes Sle Se eee 389
OME CANT LC oe on en ee ee oe AG9r Sines eae ees on Se ee ee 172, 480
aniilavde ta siclra 22-222 =e AGG | MMP Tezane as Slat Ss ee eer ee 256
STR UD) jc a ee a a ANSI MRR Ole 2 Sete eee ae, Se ee 219
SEWED ZY G1 a i el a eee DOG) | hGROntEe 2 oak en hee Se 219
TEE GED, 1a, a pe etapa ES PE ON CIN Ones ee en en 378
1VWLIT) 5 5 a a a ee Dit elaauracedess 22 2— a eS eee 286
Fergus TT LAS S1QU})eatirel oS = == 206, 286, 287, 288, 291, 292
delmmontee sa. 2. 5 2 Serer 310 blanco=. 2 == aS ae ee eae 292
Pemrainoiiguie 2205 TS 262 de bajo2= 2 eee 295
Renicsyrsceds=- ass 492 de“ chiles == 296
Peeiueqiiagee ae see ee en Oe 310 de India == — 2-9 S = Sewers 206
MiomMnanzanilla. 0 2.2220 2 237 dena sierra. ee eae ee 287, 291, 292
NSTC 2 Sm a a 345 Tamily = <0 32 ee ee ae 286
iivic 2 2 ene 390 VALUE 00 ee 275
SUNG D Aes ae ee 390 ee ~----------------------- rr
os mrenos 2 22 2 ee ee eee
erasing ae | arocepasns gee 342, 343
oo | i iid 399 | Laurus longipes__-------_-------- 291
oor Si aaa aU ietaialaiiate 440 nobilis; 22S soe 3S ee eee 286
- “ic OS ph cei AO persea————_—-—__________-_-__— 290
es reas 499 PeuCculata= 229 SP Rae ees eee 297
i iz 206 Wea Creeks sees Se ae ee eer Ree 369
Se Th 290 ORE) Rs el I Pa Aer a 428
Ma cn TCS) ET ee ese Meche Ss Marta vs. ae en ae 205
Juan caliente miriam et te 346 hechuea de Mar se se a ee 263
Juandiego_____________________-. PAS Lecostemon ne ee ee eee 344
EO pee a era Ee LO | 5 i eaioe sila Msackoncte alana deen 385
Jumby-bean_______.___------L 224. wee || Teta amariliag oe 22t oo ee 272
Juneo-——--—__-____- ess ett 428 nefertica tec hr ne. See 444
marino——————_—____-_________ 428 | Lengua de perico_________________ 482
Japiter DMATW TOs == = as PRY 410 Lennea SET AP NOT: Se Pe 479
SEE CNS oo a es es = WON. 181 Wentiseo tee oe na PL 327
ae eee ey cee, ONY 393 | Leucaena brachycarpa_____________ 369
ee ChE a ees one aN 424 CUSPIC ata ne ree eer 368
eee Sere errr or ieweriers OP MOE 289 diversitoliay= 24" 1s ese seers 368
PR eee aera Aa rd Sea a ry APOE INS 289 CS CUler tae teeter mr renr ene 368
een Ini ee OS i ee SE 290 On Gees eee eT 368
XXII
Page.
lbauciena’ glatica® =o 2222222 eS 369
glace =e ee See es 369
sy 7 | EL Cee ee 369
fan ceolata 22222 2b oy ee 368
[ob ohidn bts = ie eS en oe 369
Mia CRocarpas. — 2) 2a 367
THACTODHY Uae = — a ee ee ae 367
MICLOCAlpa 2-2 368
Blea eo ee 367
Pillverilenta =: =< = See ae 369
RSET OTe ees ee ee Be 368
StenocaTpaa— — 252525 s2se a5 Se 369
PraChanara = 2. Ee eee 369
trichodés 2 = 2225-22) Se ee 368
Bencopalanus — 225-2 S52 = 2 eae aes 172
DENTS 0 pga ae ese =e 423
VMRATR YN her ae se ees 343
MicURiCe = = > = a eee 492
Twilliee =f. athena Geo 492
Dd Gch 2 SL ee ae ee a 223, 231, 235
bignum. nephriticum——-~——~-=~i20== 444
ener Se et. Ba So eee 309
PM ONCUIO 2 = se 237, 285, 303
MABden dss a Se 245
Lindheimer, Ferdinand___~--_--~--~ 365
Hingheimera).—— =!) eae 365
TRO VIERC UM i 2 322
Mindleyella =. = ss 2 et 322
RAIN DAT 2 317
TONS cy eS eS SO ee 235
Wilisea se SS eee 287
akin ef: ) ee ee ee ee ATZ
WARE -ATI ST Oe oh 300, 508
EON a gee 475
arest. DlACK 352 ot a ee 475
er wOOd 255- Fy SRS. ns ee 419
Menchocarpus5. 2) see eee 476
SUTTER no 3 sa = ee 514
Cana sts. Se 514
cocnleatus=225.-— 5 Sa eee 513
@omifensis 2. —-.... . -See a 514
CORSET CUUS 2 ee et EH 514
emarpinatus- == a 515
eriecarinalis:s— 2s 515
eriophyllusiasas~ ew 483
SUCH CNSI Sete 514
Nondurcusist= === ===" =e 513
(RISCEN BIS See 515
lanceolains Sen es eae ee 513
LEELOR Oe nS So ee 484
lonripedicellatne = 22-5522 s2 2 513
jonsistylis 2222S See eee 513
TEI CRE LEU UNES ae a eg a eg era 482
mecnlanthns=—- 2s = set 513
ASR ACA TUS = ae era eee 513
Mn MIOrus ee a ee 513
GH RA CON SIS se ie pe a alee 514
IOC Vel ULES = = es se a 515
Restle rd oe oa oe 514
Da VinOcuS = << = 2S Sees 515
MHARCOMLONIUS =— 2 eee ee 515
POLE) 3) ETS) b eee pment nao Dee 514
POUUSOUS ton = Se 2 es ee -. §14
TUESOSUS 2 = oe Re 515
SERICCUS ses oe ee et 514
INDEX,
Page.
Lonchocarpus unifoliolatus ______~-~ 513
anifoholvtys, — 5 -= = = eee 513
Vuicatanensise.—- 2. =. eee 514
Doquatee n= 2 be a ee 334
MOranthacen es 2.6 2 ee 222
Loranthus americanus 2= == 235
auriculatus.. Se ee 235
calyoulatise 2. = eee 235
Crassipes |... eee 233
Gensiflorus = Se 232
deppeanus_____ Sage 232
diwerstfolius =. 233
glaternimus = 2 ee 231
Grahtimese 225-22 es eee 233
RAT G ne eee 233
INCONSPIONNS = ee 232
‘MoTrmtae 2 = ee 232
interruptus: —_— 222 234
karwinskyanus.——— = == 235
KONGETAL on oe ee 235
Hebmonni__=—— 232
mentcanus— eee 235
mAcrophylive. 2 oe ee 232
palmer. =o = ee 234
piperotdes ——____ _ ea 226
GQUErCICOlG:,.. = a eee 233
SChicdeanus 2-2 eee 235
SONOTOE. <= = = = ee 234
SPNOStYS =~ = 2 233
tehuacanensis.— 2-7 ee 234
WONCIUA Baek. Se eee 233
DOUCU TNS sm ol ee 233
OEttoeete eo oe ee 317, 396
IbOT OM A ates oo Sn 396
ROG SS Se 2 5 ee 475
hozanelane =o 2 2— = S22 199
Lmeutema), ==. Ua = = eee 410
Tay silomiam. = 2.5 2 ee 388
MaAecaiCOlOraga. — "2 =" = 22S ss eee 506
Mareanwi te = ee eee 207, 209
Vian Gosia 2 a eee ee 506
Maeanoies = a ee 478
NiMCay ORS Se Tt See eee 506
Macey xtlit===525~=)->s>~ Ss 499
Machserium!==2"s2>2.3=2-—> = 509
Miaeuli 2ss22=e2222225Se5esee=2= 188
Madera: negra: === 482
Madre: brava-22 2 501
C8080: 22422225222 522=See5523 501
Chontal ven eo ee 501
dencaent.225 5.5.2 278, 482
MiPdriade = a eee ee 482
Maironill 012% .s- = ee eee 337
MAP 2 on A ee 281
Maenoliag 52% >> Soe ee ee 275
Tamily = ee = ee 274
Marnoliaces¢e <== 2 = eee 274
Mahogany, mountain __-_-________ 327
Mahonia andrieuvti ______-___--=<_~ 270
angustifolia 22. = ==-.*heeee 272
CROChO O02 2= = ass aS 270
ehfenbergu 5 = ee Se 269
CUUFIDNYING, 2-22 Sete ee 272
fascicularie == == =+ 22-252 h-e4> 272
{reMmon MA <= 5 2-2 =e eae 271
OTQQUNS Sa 222255 -56e 4 ee 272
INDEX. XXIIf
Page. Page.
Mahdénia hartwegitt____= -—~~-—-~_-~ ee Or Win Gitag 2 == ee 2 ee ee 379
RESCUE: et ee ee aE. 2TOLMMMaALO Amarillo —- ——— "= as oe 422
PISCE N LU ie Re en Se ae 272 FTA bale eee oe ae eee, Bea ew eS 422
PUMCCOUM OE ee ee ee 270 denpianvyas= 22 St eos oe 422
UREA he Ye ee Dele MMA tOrral — ae eee 382
DEE me ee ee ee Alt eA COS =a ee ee ee 504
SIUEL Oa So ee a 272 delmonte 2" 2-2" Sat ee 504
ClChiie = = Tee ee U2 eMaAtzZa pot i se ee eee 283
SCIMUEGCONG: =~ * 2 es eae a D2) |Seleearrhins ss epee ee 501
SUEDINTEQGTILOUG — 2 == =o 2 ee 272 |-Meibomia amplifolia_——_———_=—_ = 487
LenuUOnG =. - Sa 270 ancustatas— = ee 485
ORC ELI em Sa eae in ee 272 chartaces_—_ 487
DIT OUL ORL E ee 271 Cinerea! of se ee eee ee 487
GPE TT EG ces OD A AS ie ea 271 conzattii = ee ee ee 486
PI MEO Sere 410 TOONS eee ae ee ee ee 486
(Gee's peas alae een eel ling Ian 235 ghiesbreghtit_____--_ -=- y= 487
EOIN e ee ee 219, 221 Jaliscange 2 =~ Se 486
MIAIMERNIER 2 ee 219, 301 TACTOSER CMY es 487
LTT Ry Era Dy to. a ae erg lls 334 Mtg eee 487
Malaspina expedition _____________ 233 OLDICUanig= = = eee 486
iy TWEE CIGD en a a alate eh 425 painter! 22 eee 485
“PILE cel een a eae 425 pallida 486
MUSUCT Duss eo enema apeterarael ei pespamneiclel 235 plectocarpa 2-2 =e 486
Nitiineeeeee te ne ee 334 plicata= 2 = ee ee 486
enlyampniott ss 454 psilophylla=-=——=———___ 486
LUT SEDGY? |W = eaten pei ie ail di lr adore 284 DULDUSH oe ae 485
MencHeMOnterG- = 394 isjopunis(oapny ee ee ee 486
MES CHA ee te 351 rubpricanlis 9222 ee 486
“CREST ET er ec Shei le Ani laWeclocotom = 23 2s2 2S eS 338
HeSATRICLr ae ee ee ee 304 |iMembrillito —=— === eee 337
Mantiatamarindg. 2 oe 393 | Membrillo --____-______-__~ _--- 334, 337
RITA Ree ee Tee en ee 282 cimarron’ => eee 337
fy SPOT ET 2A et eae tr etaleater pais ena itet 172 EOMIES 0) a ee er See ee ees 199
Siinade tedn- ee 254, 300 | Menispermaceae ----------------~- 273
MIRTOCONOT ere 429 | Menispermum ----_--__-__________ 274
TT ee ee ee 334 | Menispine —--———-_-__-~__________ 274
“ip >) yng cg es aehetapeeel a araladtia 305 | Mertensia laevigata _______________ 200
Reman wey 191, 237 Mesonzapote —-———=———_—_- sata 344
Manzanita tejocotera______________ 336 |) afesptlus__———-———------------ == — 336
Manzanitas de encina_____________ 171 Méttza op ee ee a 173
_LIGEP CODY 2 ieee 244, 334 Mezquicopal a ee eee ae 351
na ee 188 Mezquitamales! === 2232 352
area =~ 08 501 MMevzquitatole === se ee 352
SPOS chee lel ella 306 Mezquite: = So aa eee 351, 353
Maravilla __ ve RE ATE Ae NEN IY 259 Se 351
THEO TREE a ae gn en ania nae 424 rece pooner eteireeteteteme bre CU tty ui
chino: 22S" ssa ee
Biprengue a 306 colorados ne 2 oa ee 351
WA nya eee eee 425
WOE TOG hh: Se ee anaes 317 oo te 428
Mariposa 505 Wieraryreh a) oo oe 348, 404
es SSR ae eg oma le Tepe ae 236 Micheli; Marc;=="2 2225 0S ee 363
SO aa a ME aL ToT Macrolobium' 2222-2 hss h eae 441
Martinica ---_-________-____.---- 40 VouiiepaughiG:. <2. oc 2 ere ee 248
LIC SELY TCE a EI 199 MGIN Dee er eee oes een) eS 382
Maseco_-_—~___-__-_____________- 214 | Mimosa acanthocarpa ____-____-__- 366
MasicarGm————— 515 desmanthocarpa __________ 366
peaita-caballos -.——_- -- 277 acCapulcensist 22 = eel eet aes 361
Oe eee 301 aculeaticarpa 222 ee 366
BCU Bee 282 adenantheroides______________ 360
levees ea IT ae eee ee 442 WIG Hae oe oe ee 360
Mata-negro —_-___________________ 346 curyphylla= =~ to eee 360
Pevotanererdel mare. === ta 241 Hovibunda 2.2.22 ee 360
Ey) (aa a ec a en 205, 209, 212, 213 angustissima________---______ 381
11 FS) Lk a aa NO A Meehan. ape 209 UFOOT EO ee aS Sr Bae eee 395
NEA O Zam eee eS whe Fr Se eee 511 AT CUSCAY ose to a ee ees 366
Mata raLON ee Boo ee a ee 482 argilotrophas2=2fo-2¢ se 363
55268—22 24
XXIV
Mimosa asperata ___--------------
henthannie | 222s =——- =
UChEN deri eee eo Set SE
binncirera = 2222 =- >=" SS
lindheimeri_—_-----------
brandccc
buceragenia_____-------------
GAnLetaeee = a= os ees
PAGE ER ee ee
CHUCICO Aen ae eee
campeachiana __--------------
camporum: = =-—-=====—- ----_-
coelocarpa__-_----------------
COLINCHSIS 22 ee eee
cornigera —-~---------------
SONG Eee ee ee ee
depauperata ____--------~----
Gistacnya 22 =
ECC ee
dovnicis.
dysocarpa —=—--—-------_--—-_
eMmoryanae ss =e ee
erventhersiie =
CSCIC ee ee
Cunvyesepa ===
eurycarpoides _____-----------
Pani ye ee see ee ae
farnesiana__—----------------
fasciculata____---------------
malEcocunna
glauca 2-——--=~=--~--=---_----
goldmanii__—---_--------------
grahami__——~-_--------------
guadalupensis __--------------
gualanensis _-__--------------
guatemalensis__----------_---
NEnienO Vth ee eee
herincquiana———=—— = =--=-----
TOD aR AD), ie ener aR ap
WOUS LOT en ee
hystricosa __-----------------
PATA a OSE a a i pe ey
VO) gC) 64 Fo ee Se pe pea ee ee
RL ETL OT eee
errata ee eee
FES SY UGB ell pec aig di eae in
inolisse! = 223 = se
CERIN CT gna A i ap par oe
TESS TS 108. cpa i aie ten
zygophylloides___________-
POM ee eee
leptocsng2 == —
leptopnyuG—-—-
TONCHE DOI CS ee
AGIOS ee ee an
UOUSTTAN Oe ee ee a
lindhelmernt= 2.
INDEX.
Page
362 | Mimosa manzanilloana____--------
360 Wichelianae ee ee
362 WHOA ee
365 Mixteeanas 9s = SaaS ee
365 THOM See ee eo ee eee
359 MONANCIStlSA — 2 = es
354 Nelsons eee
360 palmer === === ==
361 paucifoliolata==—-=-——-———_
365 Dierd | oer es eee
374 DICND ee ee ee
362 DOU y serv He ee ee eee
360 TEVIOR Ore oe
364 polyanthoides__-___---------~-
374 polystachia ____----------~- cae
361 portoricensis_——_—__—-__---_——_~—
365 Oma ii ae ee ee ee
399 DrOUfiCta——— ==
ae pseudorechinus____—----------
* psilocarpa__-------------____
393 DUDCLW ae ee
360 DUC Ra ee
365 purpurascens__——_-__-_--_____
363 DUBPHSl === === ee
ous rhododactyla_—=——-_--=- ===
363 TORGle ee Re ee ee
363 TOMINGGLI = eee
aoe sicyocarpa
378 ans DAS ee eRe Se Oe heen
doo, ne, SERUM ro==s ronan me
= Stipliata.
380 3
fonder === eee
360
LOTTLOR Oe = eee
oe tricephala
Ne wagyuia-ot fe
366 Si ba OA PERT
369 vallont, SS eee a
361 virgata people pee pl ahule ATE ES ea
363 ale! Sea ee Se a
395 Whightil = oe ee
349 ES 1 | 5) ee ae i hc RA ae ee
359 zygophylla____--_-----_______
363 WMaMOS a CCN es eee
364 Mirabilis%-. ~~ —- >) eee ee
386 Wirt a eee
386 Misantecn 2) eee
364 Mistletoe =e
family! ===
a Mizqui Ni
359 quicopalli ~-_-----------------
251 Mizquit]l__—-------------------___
863 Mois ———— qo = —- = -- ------—
361 blanes —._—-_ __ ee
362 | Mochigiiiste----------------------
398 | Mock orange---------------------
359 | Moco de giiegiieche -_-------------
358 | Mocuteno_-----------------------
366 | Mollinedia___--------------------
861 | Momisia____---------------------
396 | Mongollano -__----~---------------
363, Monimia family 2
362 | Monimiaceae__-------------------
393 | Monkey-apple —-------------------
865 | Montenegrito --------------------
- 360 | Moonseed_---_-------------------
374 Pay en re
864 | Moquilea ___---------------------
INDEX. XXV
Page. Page.
eel SEEDY gl APT US eA sce 203 )204433) 1S Magetia 22> =. 2 sre bpqaey) Ups ee 337
ete Oe ee ahs elie aed ae 203) |Nahuapate. 22 ese se a ane 403
denomayo oe Reeth 203} ONaran gorse Sie eee ae 306
despledradscs. 52 ee 131g AD Gh ig a Pll Fo) = ee ea 303, 304, 433
Hedlondse 22 a es tS De EO 't| SNarangos chin 0 ses te a 202
Mt CH Get ee Oe 203) |ONaranjueloia2 2) aaa aehn 303
Mericcd ete lee. Se QU 2 OINA VIO see ee a = ca eg Re 428
RTT ANE Peni SN ek 203))|| DNatzareno\ 2224. 2s ee eA 243 214
ep beee ees ee BAN 2030204, 206) |S Ndez@ a= 2 2 173
anigri loee es ee em 203) Nectandra swe eee ale 296
HanCO Sasso SS2 555 Tue 203) | DNectandrine) 2. 2.24. ernest 296
deselavos.-5 2225... 5B erate 2.08) |ONGe. Miuligs 222 = ste od De 260
Uelwpals= =a estes sssn se he 203) |\tNeea, 52222. .= erent eRe fer yey ees 260
NOME 2 a a eb aols 2031 |@iNeeritos 20922-2222 22 adele hh. 497
ME GRORee ee a ees at mo) 203) | PNeodeutzte 2-25 = === = weer 309
PESTON. 2 soso EUS. 8 245, |@Neomillspaughia,-=—=-..-__._ sedis 246
th Sgn! 2 5 eel se Suet 204) | TiNeptunias 2020 --- 22224. hepa 353
Uitte (nn eZ y: weds Sar 203) |4iNeres see ee. oo be ee a pen 413
Morindon_-_-_-_- deaseneaon Sees 203) |GINGSCORMWEIISs 2 So eee Lois 483
MROri a ee ee BETES 306) |PNettlefamily: 24 22. ahbeuers 218
MormracCede. == 2 Sines) 806) |) Neurocarpum —-2 +2222. S lates e 493
Morisonia americana______~_---=-~ OOD; MNUCKCE nite ah ss eee 422
eCuOsSG.sa- aca hea lS SOS} pNAspera Sete soe oe a a 335
Moritannic. acid. -.-—- == -EsoeLs 203) IniNSSsOlig!] 25-32 te os > yl 487
PEIN SPI OL Ye SA 215] |e Nothaphoecbe: = 2s 2 3 eye 288
MOLUTO.s 22. 2... Sg 396} |aNutmes family 2 322 2 284
Gem CONta So SBS, S90! || Ph TR Pe 290
pricto=—2 2... +. ..-... des 396} iO k Shere eh Pe ee ee 171
BGC UNeW HIN = a LOS 205 Wo Sa oe ae le 172
Celtidifolia.2——=- ==. 2222020258 204 CORK SS a 8 See 172
IRCTCONO == = = a 2) 204 LESS coe oe CS BY a 172
microphilyra_-—-~- 212-24 2 U2 204 WURUUE GS aa 172
microphylla) = 2-2 SUSI 204) pO bion eres .. 4 == ae ye AS 251, 252
TRGUAS = 2 as oe SORIA 204). R@cotéstangustat@ 252-2) Se ee 294
NrerarL. =o I 203 C@TNUD 23 oo = a eS 295
AST a al ey 2038 GIRS aS SS eS ey, 296
CORTON CG a en SO 204 QUO0G SG) 4 oo ee Se 297
MAVECE OTA 2th PAR. 202 Klotzschiana) 2 ss 296
ROS GU CEA a SL 310 MMOUAS ES oo oe ee on a 297
MOSGUItErON = 22 Tr sage, fy 259 perseifolian. =. yh 296
MOstawd) =o OL neg 305 DICHUTIM 2 ae 298
Mountain mahogany _______-____- 327 psy chotrioides: =.= 32-2 ee 293
UTR me AE AEE 237 Puberula le) 2.3) eee 295
1 GES St See iy £ bs ered Tha 393 pu bratora' 22 oon es 296
BREN CUNEN 1e SE 503 SUCfOUNG 2 ee ee 297
eel ered ese eet TES enero 515 Ssubtriplinervia——=—— se eee 294
NEQUE Cee er rs Ee MO LET CBee 276 tampicensis. = <- eee 294
CS) SES OD Be RR 8 223, 235 Veraruensis® 2-02 se 295
Muhlenbeckia =~ 22.2 side Je 243) i Ocotz0 tlie = Ss Se a ee 317
LN TYSS cr = Ls Te em eee DOS My Deo Zoli a ay a al te es 317
Petra iy ate oe at Le Et) 202 Wp @cozotemi es = - ae ee 317
WEPHCCON = Sa pees DM! JON |MOCozZ Ota Re eee oe ts le 317
WERT CICA ROM a et OOM DUS a CEO TSE ee ee nL 502, 503
SO Gig ye arene ee yt) 221° |, Odostemon’andrieuxii 2. =... ee 270
LTTE) 2) Se a re Re SE oe 284 ANESUStILOlIUS: ao 272
BV TIS ELCACER Cease CE 284 aquifolium 2222) 232-35 eee 268
PLUG OD Y UO ott a ee oe eT TE 433 chochoco = 32.2 ee eee 270
Pea Aneta a ee ee 817, 434 dietyo tus. 22222 ae eee 273
LEC | See ae rr ES LY 209, 212 elrenbersil= =. ee eee 269
SICA CON eee ee eo ee en ET 422 entriphylius 2-0 eee 272
MaAcaseolnteisa = = 24) pee NS 422 fascicnlarigse= 22 teen 272
Trt CAR COLO Ue tat ae ee WEE 422 Fréemontiins- 224 eo os Se ee 271
Bia CARCUl ost 33 soo wee oe 422, 423 EUACHI gh ene nee eee eS 272
BWA CAAOI Oo ee tani oo ORGS TH AeT 422 haematocarpus —=------=--=--- Par fat
NCAR EG rei no 391 hartwegil+--22 ee 270
PCa zor et Siete en TT ee th 391 {WicinWs 2224222222242 225-25 270
XXVI INDEX. 5
Page. Page.
Odostemon. incertus.—-—-~——..--=38 24 OAM I deri: Ch ESL: Larne eee pine Bebe wear 290
lanceolatus > 5" s oe ee 2t0; | Sea tO ee a 241
Longines = 2s ee 270 COLOTACO. = 2 es. = eee 413
OROLLIGr Sa oO ee ae efi; Palmilla Soe ha ean eee 300
Dai en Oe ain ee O41 1) Palo alejo. =. = eee 424
quinquefolits:———-. 2-2 = set 270 dMaLeors ee eee 300
ESN T Coa T) eee re ee 270 SCE Oe ere = Sel 203, 270,271, 272,
trifeliolatuss oa 271 300, 325, 479
Ere OLIN See ee 272 Rice eee 201, 376, 389, 511
VLC Ras es 2S A eas 273 bobo = ee ret ae ee quai 281
ZAMapaAnus= =. _— + ___ aia 271 Campeche... ~~ =~ -— =. apse 423
OF ee he as a meee Be eee 290 chilamsats:-—.— eS 210
Rept Gee a a Oe ee ee ees 214 CHING 2 ee er re 397
OFitos de picho—- === sa 498 colorado = 184, 296, 424
Oslo de Dorrice— 2-2 =" 2 Ss 2 ee 504 Cnate S42 eee oe tee 444
de buey_—— == ss ebtewenel 504 de 4guilan ae 201
dacangerejo: 222222 S255 ae 497 devncenee = eee 378, 442
deichanstas= 225-222 252222 498 dAQarcOMeSlO jon 442
deratons= 224s Sse ew eyes: 265 deubalsamo: 2.2 ee 434
de venadoL <= 2S. 22 eae 504 ‘dejberriggia.s eee 429
ge zanate=—2 22 = see ee 497 deibrasil >... +... eae 419
Myochee = On Loe ee One 214 dejburro, —— =~ - 2 == 5+ sie 303
Dincnceie tee res AS ee ee 236 dé burro. prieto__.___—_. -S2e2e" 304
@lax family. 22222 Pee oe See 236 deicabray==—— es 199
Olcaciite. =. 2222 2 inion 215 de.\Campeche___.._.- ____ yes 418, 419
Wichaanitle. 0-220 2 SRY es 215 de carnero.... 246
MPCiVeRWEIGrs tee eS oe ee ee 237 de chile <=. 2. == 2s ee 276
iyi eee eee ks eo 304 deebilillg, = =.= _= <= eee 346
ee ee JO eee ah 215 dejchivyo-..—...-._- a 410
lin eee eee Oe eee en 215 de.coco.-=—.-.—.-__.-. eee 212
LIT Oat eee re a on Ce ee a 198 de.corcho_ __—_.___._ ewe 281
WIN Gy alan ee ee ee 481 de\cucharitas — =. _-==33 eee 373
RN se el os ee ae 290 de:fraile_..— =... =] fe tenant 343
AOD ee ee en a 284 06: Suaco. 32. 2 ee 305
Opilia family 222 Se 235 dewhierro 2 === Se 351, 481
MATH ACOAG «ae eee cr ce 235 de no7Z > = eee 509
@poponax... 22 a eggs 379 de, Judas 22. -L-. _- = Sees 300
Oreranillo.. 20 ee pees tak 317 deymora—— == ee 203
WreronievTape.- ese ee 268 CRQ00 = 515
Oreja. de. judio. ae 391 de pan cimarron_____________ 300
de-raton woe 273 de. pan _pollo-_=-__ 2 =e 508
Oreja de judto.-...---- <»diciviowuys 391 de pan pua_--__--_----------- 429
OTreOUatus x= - 2 be 333 de pan pulque____________==-= 381
Oreodaphne______------__-- 294, 295, 296 de pan rayo____------~-~---- 428
Ormocarpum _ =... bina 429 de pan sal_--~-~---~-__------ 213
@rmosia--2 SRR art a 436 decpanwtenin= 272
‘Orpine family —-- =~.» SAN PAD, 307 des panna ee 418, 419
Wrtica.- ive Ls 6 a 219 (ies pan Zorro. ————— = ees 222, 410
[STR ee em re Geer . troxtnse49 del, diablo2—__._______ #33543 300
colorada: === <-2-4-4~ eb 219 del golpe_-—---__---______-_- 236
Gecea palo mtea eee re 219 del .. zopilote —______-____-_=s3 ss 298
Oryctanthns=~ =~ soe ws en ED 231 kaa SEEDERS SS SS SSS SEES 443, rb
(LAS PLIES CO 62 Nari ete ey merit hint 202 NI Se
(SrOmMscnOlans ee ee ee 206 duro__-~-~-~---------_- 188, 201, 327
Grilit <---> Seon ietgn 405 escopeta — 2. 390
4S 214 fernambuco-—=—-— = sae 422
IRS an - lls 5. SIOION flerto= =. 238, 390, 396, 481
CORE TL) SE ee a ae Se le aca atlas 214
(OSLO ZAI aaa a a te 214 antes ep GE a ae 397
5 ediond0=22— = aa 298, 410
A) Sey ACA DO a 268 Hickre 2 evan ee eee 482
Ra kshmuk —-————-———--_4-05—75-~ 341 jarilla 22° — 0 2-0 aa 272
wabell6nidel rey === — ee 256, 265 Jepiney 2-5 os -- 306
SU CA os rie eS ree 506 “FT en eS RS PRY 376
Padus —-~_--—~~~----------+---- =| 340 mantecoso__________ fit eer 429
LS a ES ee ere eee 290 | Martas + = due. 210
Been FY Ya eee 338 Matarallina =. 2s cn eeaerep es 442
e
INDEX.
Page
Halo: misanteco.=-—=2-- = sews Pe 292
TEL OOT See Se ee EE 203
tty) | en, Sees omens fo 15S 203, 204
NATE GO a ee et 201, 249
MIC OM Oy se 423
picantew. 26S BENE 276
POG ES 483
prieto ei el “Se Se Se eS 3 23
PSR iy Ven Te el eS 306
Sano eye as 479
Ses CE Se rer 323, 428, 429
Bebnntae ss read 290, 291
Pnmbotane soos 6 arenes 385, 386
Ts eee or 386
Pin Cinna 301
WO EE re a oeeee Shares 303
RIGGINS ea i TZ} 386
CNS) SS a ee on 382
Bapalocnahuite ———-.—.-~-- ~-seeeee' 414
Ee DO Lee ee ee 198
See DAtUEEOs= 244
pavers 27s aks pile melwadrestyn _. 300
EAN UVOEDCCAG per eynde 299
ere ee 206, 215
aL AtsOuDlaNCo; ——-.. ___.__ -eteaeent. 306
degWspane-—— —_— a4 eben eee ys, 306
OxMbraniero. <2 sel 306
PramncGgyes Sap 8 Piva otig ie 306
PeerOIn ae aya = eh 273
[2h OUT) Fr Se ee 428
TOC ee ese Se a ty 52 408
marosela abietifolia —-—-_ ee. <n 2 462
DAT ETE Ea a a ees re ae 460
SATNEAROTA VA a a a age ae, 453
CET hh ro eee et 462
APU TCO eee ey 463
ALeVEOSEA CD Ya 2 | 8 to t4 4 ao 456
MACONAOU = gt 460
PANT E 01): ee aoe ee See we 457
LITA Gt) es Sheena eee 460
Live FbtY0 WG) ) eee ee ae 451
[Gn vaiy il = ee as eee 456
TSN Ge) oh ne Pee To 458
CUI CGS Sie 2k — = ght age te 451
COMPYLOSTACNY G= — 2 a 453
SONGS Gas ee ee 464
COO} tt a ees 460
CLES Ee Oe eT Smee a 455
(OIE) 2S ee er care ae 456
COTTA eH or Dees ee ee ec 464
CELTICS I 0 0 Fs ek ae eee a eS a 457
ARETE Cae Oe Td 454
(SSC IE SES ES ee ne One 465
COTES a) re oe oe 462
CEUSTRRY Lage a ee eee erenenns 454
CST tl. wr 454
CICERO a er aeeee 453
GVETSICOLOT. =o 8 a esse oes 456
MOMUINECHSIN: oe) = Pe ag 455
SOT VCNOInes sees Se kre ye 464
CAM eyep tty | rd 454
PINOT YP ares = eee 461
Gerlopinyila =. 2 peg. 458
eysenhardtioides§ 2) 2.2 461
ATERCTEORTIE Sees ed ager 450
GINO NS ss a 457
Pe
Parosela. frutescens——— 28 S122e¢4L +
fulvosericea = 3.———— . Rees
fusceseens =... = 5 See ier
sizanted—— 2 == ee
zlabrescens—— ———.- = =. ees
goldmaniy_ 22-2. ee
eraciliimd, so oe tee ah as
eregeil> 2 5.=- 2 _ppaionsind
hegewischiana..... _-__ - siipenes
hemsleyana,..__-_-—_..—_.-_ si eee
HOSPesS ce 5— =
VMS oa ee Ee
involutalss tes 22 os aes
JunCes, = 2 2.
lasiostachya).._.— -— a= eeeeens
lasiostiomas— =e eee
Jlegeantha,—-* > — ee ee
leucosericea—_- —— = es
leucostachys:——=— =. ae
Moydii,.2___ tel ewnp pris
longifolia a eee oll
lumbholtzith 2s ae
TWAS ai ee
macrostachyarss22__.._shsaee
maritima—— o> = 2 ee
mecacarpas.= =
mecalostachy.s..-5— 2 eee
melanthai==— 3 eee
Mvyvcronatat == eee
navicnlitolia=-—— == ee
nesle¢ta = 22k ee
nitan soe | Bee ee ee
Ona CH ARS So ee
occidentalis... oe aera
oOcitatage 2s 2 eae
One Wiehe se ae
Dain beni a eek eee
palmerty: 2525. 5 ee
parrylist os 3 eee
pechina tao A eee
pilosissimas=——— 2 — = = ee
glatypnyllag=— 5S eB
PIM OS ees = eee
polycephalaa— >= ee
procumbens) =... eee
| PSOLHIeOICeS... =e
puberulay == 4" = ees
DiUlenells ee en ae ee
puLpusiseeS—_._.__-__. -es eet
quingueflora._.. 2.
radicans=—- = =. ee ledials AAR
Vamosissima, W229 a ee
reseilora a2 a
Saffordiis =e es eee
SaNCLAC-ChuCis== = = See
scandens) 25=5 = = ses geen *
schafineri_.- = ees bepore ho
schottil,—.— =~ -—— + — «itaepetee ieee
puberula.__..> . _ ehetnent ages
Scoparia———- ==. eee
seemanni- ~~. HL
senicoeal yx, ~ = el
RES Sui ooo) eee
SmaG DN se a ae e
spinosa) 24 = - = sn ey
XXVIII
Page.
Parosela submontana___~---_--_-_-~ 454
Penna cane. a eee ere 455
AUN Y v0 (13. 7) Noes ee ee 72 se Creer 455
ELE CEOT Reece es pe 462
Tomentosas 2 se . - - earet 462
LEM GYCUUINS OF; ee ris Loe ny 1 463
CRS OIGES aS x ere Ry c 459
Puberewlata 2 2 te 463
tupenculing,——— 2. a4 2 ep bepeen 464
Wamleeawea ee es 453
VGLESIVCS) (1) a i ee Ts EY 459
SPT 8 HS (ott ee a PER Ly 453
OER TCU eS ye ay 456
WASIEZOM Nee 2 a es 459
ZUMA DAMICA-= <2. om Soin 455
MEMO EA) gs cee en ag 391
Baroulllore= = = eh Saeye, 397
Barra TOSa= 4... = een 350
Parrot-flower. =. ._ a edawtenns 234
Parthenium argentatum___________ 323
GataeGe: capre:.<.— 5. — 2 aes 418
CORRES ase en a Eerie 418
Gis Er Oe ee ee ee 412, 418
desvenado. 22 eens 418
1 eee were 72 427
MEROLR-VAC8 ya a 418
12 a eee el eee 256
PGLOIN Oia ete 399
BRUCE Oe eed 495
ER LCOS = ha een Py 605
SE nS a ee ee Ee 219
eto! de. chino. 3-6 ok = eee bes 418
de.venado 3 == —- S22 ete 416
EA) | Se ee ee eee 498, 500
eOlornine 2320S eles, 501
MRO cee apa 498
MEADL CUS Be a5 eS 415, 416
MERY CNG 2 Se a 264
GS SS eee Se ese 338
eacock-fower.2—- 3 Se ee 427
EL poe ee eee Fe 334
GPa Nera gee ee Regt 490
Peinecillo___——_.- eee See ree 173
ee ee ee 379
Pelotas <=. Neel 425
Pendola.-— 2 a el a 507
He ON ai aes 492, 497, 499
Reape: mance 2 = eee gig 237
LEC) oT [RRS ee ee ea Te een iee 13S TS 334
Silvestre=2 = eee 336
Peraleg=s 2 - = e orties 468
Werlas.del .Oriente_.._—___ “se anth: 306
Beronia. = 2k ee ees 492
eroulase <i. a A ee 498
RAL OMA oct iy 492,
feronilias =). 8 yn 492, 498
Persea, americana ._—_—_——-—u__2ageiune 290
drymifolia—-— ==" tepid. 291
ampleoicaulis —2.--~_.-~-_ULbet 293
chamissonige<<o=—— b Lpeadaee 292
Cinéeérascens= 24222. eit aise 289
adrymifoligoas 2. ee 291
effusa. > eee 295
NoCCOnA = 5.25 ee eee 290
pratissiman 8S Lis 290
schiedeana._=—_ _.--22vug 289
INDEX.
Persea jlartwegtt —..__—. _. -edaveess
leiooynan Se oe eh ee
apie sa Ya 2
honeines. 2 = - 22. a
menican@.* 2 2. es
ovizabag. = ee
werngnensis..-. ee
Petiveriah 3 2S ee ee
Phormacosyceas_—-— ee
IPHascolusis 22222. ee
Philadelphus: +2... =... = ae
Phoebe amplexicaulis_____________
barbeyanas.. == ee
venthamianGs 2-3
ehrenbergil.2-.==--2s-2244525
galeotivana..22 2-32 eee
hartwegih— a
helicterifolie» eee
mexicana—._=---.- Sie
pachypoda—=—.---+-—~-- eae
pallescens —-~—=.<—.---2— Se
psychotricides-—..—-_ 2.2 Se
salicifolia———— = SO
subtriplinervia-=2--~ 2-52
tampicensis.i—.<=..--- ane
Phoradendron amplifolium_________
brachyphylum____- ~~
brachystachyum e222
brevifolium:=...—-—-----] 99s
calyculatum.-—~ ee
capitellatum 22-2 -e=- Ee a
caTnheuMm 2 2s
cockerel] ii 2222s SU
colipens@ 2a SOA
commutatume<-— ee
CORDATE a ee
COPY aes eer Se ee
denstit 22 ee
diguetil 2-22 2seee = Eee
eddardise ese
engelmannij22s=— eee
faleatime==-s2s22aco ees
flavenscens macrophyllum
forestierae
galeottii
FauM erie eee
Page.
Phoradendron guadalupense_—--~--- 229
mM ae a ee ee 227
UMperinUin 228
libocedri_ = St 228
ecu eet ee 229
fanceolatum).=2—- 22 see 227
TiBO CEU Tees ee es Re 2 228
RR ee 228
TongiroOWUMN 2S | se See 229
rier COP TLV EMI a ee ee 231
mazatianim 22202 ee sss eee eS 230
Mminwntitolume = — = ==2 sess 228
Mervosull 22-222 Se eee 227
Oliverianum 232225 = ses eas = 226
PeLCHVARUHEON soe eee 227
Bee en = en ee 23
PANGMMONIM == = ee 229
Davis 230
PIpeLoldes a ae = 226
DG Se es 228
THLUCHULUNV a 230
TUR Ga Se eee 227
reichenbachianum ~____---_-__ 227
TOUTES OT ee ae 230
BRUCEI eo on ee 230
RSP TALONIS oe sess tee 229
eS DELI MAM se ee 229
15) CLE CU TEVT YT gg Sl Pa PVAT
Lamu pense 2 ee 226
TeCquHense 2 = See 228
thyrsoideumy. See eee wee 231
ELA COLUM OTIS Gate Se te EO 230
CEC ERR ES TA LCOS ONIN ee a 230
fownsendhs Sette ear eee 226
PUANSOU M2 Se RIEL 230
TeCOL ITT LIU 1 eee ee er ee ce ne Ae 229
SS REM CSOs ELIT oleae a 226
RALLOSIENE nS eae 230
BOUL CIS EL ears, ose ER Rp ey 226
ADALKANS OMA, — — te tee eee ee 230
VALCSU LARVA = eo eh ee pes oh oes 226
Photinia arbutifolia______-__--+---- 337
WHCRI CANA | = Se ae eet 336
salicifolia________-___- penaness 337
Misycillunthus = > ee 234
eetay LOTTI ot Se he ed 313
eipvitOlh CCA = no etree 263
eigtolaccaceae . =". 2 == a te 263
PRS RAceU NTR DET Cp pe oS) rere ae 273
TED SOS) CUCU ek a 2 eee a 504
eamraryeperencirer sierene SO be Seen eye 388
SPO Sosa Es ES eee 391°
VLG) 2 393
nie ae ee ee 499
Pao de ntamin gos 2% 8 476
HeIpas ORO ce eo ne 404
TOL RETEST Go a epee eee eg 489
emerderea bhatt ee a Pe 417, 418
depaloma-=-2=-.-.-iliians 259
geivenadd6 22: = === = - ><» =n MIRO 418
PAestwode palomay—2= 225° 3 e= 6 is 297
Peron pehmaa = ae aaa ae eee SESE 503
COMED ui ese = ee 845
EERE TEUUO UC ee eke ee ee 244
SRRMRA TL eter ees sins Pe SH AR AN ea we ee 506
INDEX. XXIX
Bima) indians. 22 2 sees a ae 228
PP OUET Oy Wid eae A ee eee ee. Lees 265
BARN CAG 2a hs Ee ce eS eee 409
Rinahuihuixtles === —=Ss <a See 362
np let Se es ee ae ee ae 252
BInON AMOTOSO; 22202-22222 2 eee eet 482
NOM Sees ALE Sa ae eA Se 482
Pinta-pintea <= 2" 22 eee ae 265
EZ a Te a yi Se ae 393
PiInZZuUaTiMDoO ees 2 eee ee 355
(iQue See aa ae SS ee 345
RIOUISS o- aes ae 492
Prpizinthiis 22S) 5 oss lee ve wee 498
Piptadenia constricta — 2255-222 354
Havas) nse See 354
TOCTACGS Sa 8! Sos 2 ene ee 354
lenptocerpa = ee ay: 354
DRLEnR SIS S 2 ene ae 349
platycarpe.=_2s2so 2S Bese 354
Baseidia!/ soe se Se eee 18 |
Riscidin= 2" 2 2s Sawer ee 511
Bisg. Willem e226 20 Ss eee oe 260
IBinotiays 202 2k ee ene ees 260
Bisoniellay es ee ee eee 261
Pithecollobium acatlense________ — 395
WIDICANS a 397
arbOrenMe ose es ee 395
brevifoligm=-<=—.'s eae 397
calostachyse- 2522-2 = 2 eee ye 393
Cosa toma a ae 394
compactum=— == he wae 395
CORRES Ha 5 NE eee 396
dulce meee ie oS ee ee 393
elastichophyllum => == == sees 395
MUEctiouUm. == 2 Sea 395
Hexieanles =) pe es 396
furcabyme = 222 3 ee ee ee 394
guadalnpense 2. >= ee ee 395
lanceolatum ]_ =" -2 82 393
lelocalyx:225 252. Se ae 395
leptophyillum =~ = ees 396
HigustiA~nunta = —— a eee 393
maerosiphon= —— =— -- see 393
mexicanum —- 2 eee 397
mul tifiorim) <2 = ee 391
palmer: <2 2-222 eee 396
PUTPUsit 2 2 eee 395
REVOUMNIN = 22 se ee eee 395
Schaiinenlo222 224-2 eee 396
SOnOTaAG.222—- 8 397
tomentosum= = ee 396
tontum=—— = ee ee oe 396
WNSUIS-CAt a ee ee 394
Ei igh ee 3 es Ble ER iy al aie te Sead 500, 501
TES ea et a 498
iPjane-tree = ss ae tS eee 319
reflec) fe ara ee el ale Ue Lene 319
Planta ‘quebradora]- 2 "2" ss 234
ipigtanacedens === tn Senet 319
Riatanis= 222 22 soe a2 eee 319
Blatymiscium. 222004 Ss eee 510
SETA es ee NS A ee 338, 339
NOG Sas Sree os Se eee 237
moUntdin=! 6 ae 2 eee alee 237
LNs) Se ae eee ee ee 383
HMonopteriss 2222 SS ae a 246
XXX
Peeppi gia ea en ee
Poinciana californica
conzattiit
COFFE Ea Rae =e Ss ea oe
PCT OAC ee ere
NLC DACOM Cr eins ae ea
A CLA C Ta en ae nn a miler mers EN
pannosa
BETA ENT TAT pa Np rp a y=
pulcherrima
Polveona cede 32s
Polygonum grandifiorum
quadrangulatum
REIT SOLEUS a ee eer eats
RETO lr ee ee ee
POM CAG en = a es eaurecrereres
LECG Ya CG! 0) Oasys pera aera neice
Pofiil -
POR CE ee
PaOniimiaca naan by se se eee
Pareniacs cence a= eee eee
Prosopis articulata
cinerascens
QtOndulosas Se ee
BELCODRYU TB eee
menor ea ae pe
Slandinost so ee
velutina
MCKODIM UO a ee ee
COUN ELG nn eee ee
palment22 Ser
DPUDESCOH Nes ee er a a
velutina.
IproLrenceae? Se eee
ECGLopimes- oon ee eee
Prunus apodantha
armeniaca
COSTE DIS EES a espe as heh
COBIINNITIS ey Sek ee
Corte pico ne
Gdemisse seo ore
Gomes Can ee
ervinroxyion=--=- >=
TASCICU A ba ee ee ee
forruginea 622s =ssEee se
fremont <2 == SS eae
HigiOla se 2 ess
ANLEQTIPOUG = tne
INDEX.
Page. Page.
492), Primus anstitiaess a= eee eee ene 338
426 integrifoie ee 341
426 Lauri [oligee es eS ee eee 343
422 lyvonis ssa e Skee eae Se 341
425 mexicanas eee eee 339
426 Ml Cropn yi la eee 340
426 mMmingtinhoOnd ee ee eee 340
425 persicaa See See 338
425 Drionoplivila 342
424 Thaninoides2 2 =+> tees eee 342
427 SGUCI ON ne eee 340
427 CCE Ole eee 340
424 SUN V 010 Gs ee eee 342
207 SCRUCUCONG Sore ee eee 343
263 STOLE 341
282 Cetradenta 2 ree 342
241 CUDCECUIACA ee ees 342
247 Oa tf pape ppg mere sg nlp ty ae 340
243 at af s9 U0) E21 bs apap prepa a Aye 343
Zed P Benedolmedidas st ee ee 214
Ze al | op EXSY ot VCH YS ge a ee 234
420° | Psoralea humilig2_——_— 455
282 PEG Ts ene apt ie et 456
325 MEANS = eee ee 454
300 SCONGCNS ae 2 ee 454
299 SHDGIAIE 0 Oe eee 443
396 FOMENTOSE ee 462
279 Psorobatus benthami ___-_-___~___ 460
265 MeEGCCOTDUS. = 2 eee 460
eee Psorodendrom puberulum ________~ 452
ee aphotiihe so eae ae 451
Spinosum_._- > = ees 451
220 :
283 Psorothamnus arenarius_______---_ 462
219 dentatus eta See 2 ee 462
219 €MOrnyta=>— 35-3 ee 461
338 SUNCUS oo Se ape oes 462
353 scoparia... 2--- = 5 ae 461
350 tinctorius=_———~--- =. eee 462
353 | Fterocarpus acapulcensis_——~22=2=+ 508
376 amphymenium __------------- 508
351 apnylise 2255-2 508
353 ateleias-— ~~. = ee 433
353 1060 x13 508
379 WUnGtus- a SE 509
353 officinalis: S22 )—— = 2-3 aes 508
351 orbiculatus...-2--52. 5B 508
350 pubescens === ee 508
85S | ‘Prerostegia= = 22 -sss5ss2e2se2sN8 243
222 FP terostemon2] S42s==455+s5=-3=-— 312
301 | . family 24 sss 2-ersses—ss=2=5 312
340) Pterostemonacese 22202 ss=e==— 312
aac) jo Pwlculitase- =- eee esse 497
yas | Purenchequas=2 222 =222s2 Sss=s=4 499
340 || PurensapichuS---- = eee 498
Sos. |, Hureques === ee 499
$38 | Byrug Sel eee eee Se eS 384
Ste | Onamecnitl=--.= --e- >see 393, 394, 419
343 | QGauhayohuachtli —-=——- —_Aeentae 405
338 || Qnauhmochitl!: 2 2-2- = Sea 393
$42) | Quauhpinoeli- 2.2 === 222s 413
340 || Quauhtzapotl! 22 == 23 See 283, 284
343. | Qnauhtzictlt 32 23225 223s ee 235 |
340: || ‘Quauliuayo 2: 252420 eee 405
S42 | Onauhzthit—= SS acs ee 235
841 I Ouebrecho_2 <2 se6 eee eee
neal
INDEX. XXxXI
Page. Page
i@uechol aguacate ____--_____-_____ 29d QUCLCUS Prananibe sh = een 197
| SOT hs ee ee eee 362 Erendise Sos ee 195
Mapdiondiloe == ——-— = eee 410 CN Eg |g Sac apt png td ence 185
UT OLne Se oe eee 406 jy) ES ey ak et hy vs Pel meer bla 186
NIT Oe ee ee eee 253 Harvtweri tts ee ne Re 183
| OTT a 219 WOSTOUI Ss a eee 188
Quercus ‘Aculcingensis________--_-- 185 huitamaleanals$s2Ss2s = see 196
MEMNEINE ba eS 197 hy pclertca Se Se 189
Neco beeen a ek 197 idonearstis si 23> se eee 180
MOTION Ra ae as So a 182, 194 | IIR OT Ret ee 178
AREER wa eats ie oe Sas 197 intermedidss22 6224-222 5= 5 bE 197
Seo Bek panelled Bellet dager 184 | iutricatae eee tins oe BROLIN 185
MINT OUO aaa ee 25S 187 juergenseniizs--<=2=--- Mi yaire 181
ATIStD Re oe ———— 191 JUNG ONS BES eee SOME 181
eer ZONI Ca) 22 oe ee 184 laétaee Sans scenes = DEIN 183
BALDIMCIVIS (= =o aaa sess e 193 lanceolata += Sinem srt ates — 193
Benplandiana=— — 2 == 222 <= 184 lancifolig= eee ee 180
braniderolers ss = ll. loose 188 lanigeraS= ilps. Ries 195
BEC VINO DOs soos oe oo eS 187 Teri as or ii ere 193
CMG DINY Nahe set Sa 197 barbinervis.___--—-22use2e 193
REPPUIECAS te ane eS Se oy (NO OTe a 193
CUTS [FEET S| Nn 195 ocoteaefolia....~ = Ss 194
TES UR er ae 192 Dy gh a Sirsa wheter et i 183
QUAD LSS a a Re 195 leiophylla-=* =~ ~-— > heise 180
MCD COIR aes 195 liebmannit’=- =... _ reais 182
ELLIS EY UETE STS) ae wer ye (33 lineuaefolia 24a eet 192
CPREATIOLENSIS ee 190 Vatea er ee am in deed 183
@hinamclensis ===) = 222. = 179 lutesGene a+ + SEOs 187
chrysolepis palmeri _-__-_-__-- 188 macrophylla-2 == Sieneiineue 182
Ghrysophyla- == —-.- 2. SSS 194 WUG OSU Swen os ee 184
cireinata ~~--____---________- 183 Magroliaetolia rt === PE yee 183
confertifolia —-----------~------ 195 macrophylla ab liebe SA 2 Dee 182
cordata 5 See ee eee ae. 180 maqoreros Jenks relate lage 193
cortesii MEE oe ee —---- 196 martensiana™ =" - = ==-S <== 182
crassifolia pe oer Ei I 190 La er ee eee 172
crassipes ae alee es re oo ne a 195 mexicana ooo = - BIE 195
t UO EMS GIL ON Ae 195 ylabrate.-2 ==> =.= alone 192
FEES aE OE TN 185 Z
DEL 2 OTS teal in nope Bis 179 microphylla aah gah cn eis ea ane 185
eyclobalanoides____-___-___ 179 iD delle a ip te ek
SLEGITER STD pete aes beainaeiaade: 184 mollis ——____________-_-______ 1990
T/RLEGSSEL 20s arets aaa ngage bali ints 194 mucronata___________________ 195
TCE, —__ 2s neonate etebaeropeene caper 189 nectandraefolia —______________ 192
“TN -CTRST ay h poe ea tical le, 185 nitens m@jor____------___--_- 193
~ GATES 2c: epee udp eet bolls 187 WRN Oo ne 191
inches tt 187 MU GING Ryd Sas oe 181
yo Deedee spear menerohpabal 188 GCAjACANA =e See ee ae 192
Sc 2 ade aia glettde ie aia 189 oblonzifolia= = 2 =~ ==== sees 172, 186
aysopnyila—— —- 1-0 ee 191 obtusata ~---_---~_--~-_______ 182
5 TL ELA ante meted Blea ed 189 hartwegi -----__---______ 183
LUNE IA LTE UA eS aie tee irtbe 195 PANCULAtd = 22 oe ee 182
“ELC! A oat eee or ieee tatihatthd 188 obtusifolia breviloba __________ 187
EERELITOG NT ee eer ae eee 186 OCOTEHELON Air ee eee eee 194
EDGE ire Lk eae tele ieegie ae 179 | Gleoidesi22= = = et ae ee See oe 187
IMC NAN eee tee ME Te 190 IOLA ET) 7 RI OR NOD AE, BR a» 189
LOSER <i i es Fs a aa 190 ORISS8 he ee a ee ora 190
UTEP EIST TG VO Ute ea ei enactment 196 OVIZAD RCS == as ee ee ee 194
PEER ERGOT ENT Spe oe ae pees 187 AIM OR os an eee Cee ae 188
PARC ieee 179 Wan Gir ata s aue sce: meee eee 182
|S ELETEEG TT acs UR ai ana rp 181 ROCCO aa as ae Se ees 183
PRIeshHreentile 2 193 (LLL or Cee SE Ba al AR a te 183
EL TL DSRS CG 11 na a a aa a tear 180 pedunculaniss 2-5 2= ise Meee 183
MLC EEYEO Ua 180 IDCTSCAeT OM AY mates Sa ee ee 192
PEM COSCETIN Sore yest nn 182 DELCOULT a= = See eee Cee 181
Pee eCOeRS 2 180 PINALENSISS weet se ees 179
Pomrcowmiy Na ST 180 POlymorphas 22 2 St a 181
XXXII INDEX.
Page. Page.
Quercus pringlei------------------ 186, |! Guitlacotli_.—--—-_- = 298
pubinervis__----------------- 192 | Quizarrfi amarilla_____----------- 294
pulchella_____--------------- 190 hedionGa. 2. eee 297
pungens__.-----—------=--- 172,186 | Rabo de iguana_-------~--- 364, 377, 381
repanda__=—--- -------~----=— 185 Gewlagarto.-- =e 881
TesinOsas a a 182 GENT CO ee 302
reticulata ___._---------------= 184 | Raiz de cuculillo____---_-------_- 347
crassifolia____-_-----—~—- SES. ||) suri ee 220
greggvi_----------------- 185 | Ramirezella_____---_--------__--_ 492
je a a ee 1930) Remone=sss. eee 205, 214, 327
rugosa _--------------------- 184 decaballos 2+ — ee 205
MU PUlOSE ha Se ee ee 195 dev@astilla. 2-2 eae 205
rysophylla__--~-------------- 191 | tamoncillo__—----~--------------- 205
Balicifolia\= 2522225 5-225- = 192, | Ramoon ------------------------- “205
OCCU Ge 492 | Ranunculaceae -----~~------------- 266
tlapuxahuensis___-------- 493 | Rasga-rasga---------------------- 382
mete {a ans ses Sees 196 | Raspa-huevos -------------------- 364
seytophylla____-------------- 189 Raspberry —-------------------- 328, 331
SOMME a ee ee 196 Raspilla a —— = 364
sideroxyla___-~-------------- 494 | Hatén----------—----------a5-a5e 454
a SE aera seem 196 | Razoumofskya—------------------- 223
sororia.———— == Se ee = SAE Red haw —----------------------- 335
spicata.__-_-_~----+--=-=--== 184 mulberry ~~------------------ 203
spinulosa___----------------- 190 raspberry-------------------- 331
splendens_....-----. 24 edie 191 | Resina de cuapinole --_~---------- 413
Siammleyi oo 2 ges 181 Retama —------ 407, 408, 409, 428, 429, 479
stipularis__------------------ 190 de cerda__------------_-----— 428
strombocarpa —-----------==-- 178 de Cell0___-——---———anaitate 479
tlapuxahuensis__---~--------- 193 prieta —-—~—--——- 7 ane 408
PO eHTEOTI® Dee = Dae 188 Retamilla__-__----------------- 272, 426
Dae a EO RTE oN 968.) GENO ese — oe eee 407, 408
divoratfolla. sees ee 185 | Revienta cabra_-----------------~ 236
Arch Te Dain et ail ine east AEP = 192 Rhamnus granjenos —_—-------------- 201
hl nba bib ope irs ire 187 iguanaeus_——----------------- 200
ESE alpen as Salih 195 micranthus —~--~-------------- 199
Hiro teEy eS Seg ait es nea 180 Rhatany : roots ___---~------------ 346
Se aR ele ac A ge 187 Rhus cotinus_-------------------- 203
sdailata punoens ee 186 Rhynchosia australis_——----------- 497
: cuernavacana __-------------- 497
uruapensis ——————---—aemgsts 191 Aepelet eee 497
eh eit oar at = ge a erythrinoides__—-------------- 497
Crea 2 ss) ee ee ‘ an
virginiana ———-—-----—~--—- fra ase | wt Togs os
f usif ONE — =~ —— =a aan OD 187 longeracemosa@___---~---------- 497
xalapensis————------------a55 197 WadbFOCRAOE eee 496
Qui sich Sarre aie pene ay ltt, nw menicana__—_-------- Se ee 497
pe Dee = a ao WINN Bae ee ee eae eee 49T
Quiebracha ~-----~----------~~~-= 390 nigropunctata___-—--~---_---- 497
Quiebra-hacha —~~----------- 369, 412, 418 phoucoloties:_- 20 oe 497
Quiebra-muelas__—-----~------------ 276 me onset etcetera te he 497
Quiebra-plato_—------------------ 438 precatorte ~_~=—~-2~12--—__- = 49T
Quiedondilla _-_-_---------------- 409 ange eee 496
Quilauacatl]___-_-_---------------- 22 Hal BA? PP eet or iced ie 488°
Quinbolillo _-___----------------- GOSial PehesudiMNO we ees 315
Quince_—-----~--------=-==- === == 334 altamirani____--------------- 315
ae teers oe americanum ~-~-------------- 318
uirindal— —-—=——————— = 5 === prandegéei_ === = 316
Quirindol cacahuananche_----~---- 343 paper om Oh Om Pe eee 214
Quisache —~---------------------= 379 chihuahuense —--------------- 315
corteiio —_—_----~--—------~=—— 373 cilistimne ee 315
tepamo——__-----~------------ 373 Subestie = ne eee 314
tepano ———----—--~—--s-————~——— 380 fontinale —__----_------------ 315
Quisquirindin ~---~--~-------------- 272 grande ~--------------------- 315
Quisquiringuin_-—----~----------- 272 indecorum —_-~--------------- 316
Quitegato__-_-------------------- 406 jorullense ~------------------ 315
Quitlacoctli___2--------=--------- 298 hunthit__ === = -— = — 315
”
INDEX, XXXII
Page Page
mapes’ madrense ———~— = - -ssssess = olf | Rubus floribundus 22.29 - yar 332
MVACC NM = 25 316 EE CICOR TIS as oe Ss BE Oe 329
Mepicanum ——- sates a2 315 STE TIG = ee e a oe OR 330
microphyllum ——-___-_--+--=—- 316 ispidns= = === ele es See 329
mulAforim. 2 aa eee 315 LGA US aS Se ee eA 333
mMeslectum = 25252-2223 314 NumMistratug =] 22s se ee 333
CE Gye ES ee ee 315 hebmann iiss) es 331
OD 0h Ws en en 315 Macrosconry lige 4 sss = eee 332
RUCELYINE oh eae wads aoe SS ape 315 ma drensig Ss sees 333
prome le i e 314 MERICONUS = 22 333
quercetorum —— -=apSesse = eats 316 nelsoni_— a ae 332
PUSCOSHIN 2 =o 3 = et oe 315 neomexicanus/]2 2 a Se 333
SOLLUGSUIN . 2 22 Ss se ee 315 occidentaligg- == aaa 329
WanuEnifoOlWM 8 Settee 314 OlIZOSPerMUs! _o == 82 2 eee 333
Where A Se eee ste 313 DALE Tite seis sks 2 eaten a metods 332
me worm Shrub ——————- === 410 parviflorus) 22542823) ea 333
SO a ee 284 penthaphyllus==2 == sees. as 329
ERE 2 ae Se ae cet 433 philyrophyllus,= 222 34228 331
TE pee ee ere Sere cree 265 DOMOD RY UALR =e ess Lee 332
mopinia acuminata-————— — 22 2. 515 Pringle! yn es nl ee 331
(SLiv Were e ede bee a eee ae 476 Une Tig el 330
COLI EAT ae I 507 SHPINGUS| == Aen see 332
LD To bE a rs 515 SCANGENA) 2 32S 2 ee Se 332
CLT TT pa a 482 SCHeA CANT See ea ee 331
MIGINNOCHEDA 6) 5s 476 SEOLOCHULON Fe ne ee any Nnaexe 333
MepMeXICH Na —— — = 5 = oo a) kane 475 SMibbite ee eee 332
nb Slei oa ee Se 475 SURIPOSUS =s5 2 2— eee 331
“TRARY EY 2: eR a ee eT Es 427 TORU COUR = ie > oe Noh 331
TiiQ AS. SS eee 515 tilgjacfolius—— === = eden 331
ROMIEN CRNA 282s ae ee 515 CECH OMAN Se a es eee 331
ETA | ea ee EE 482 EEL OT TIS ee as oa os eek gs Ses
ERIEAD eS Se 514 ped eVe (e-2 We | (eee ere rae F 332
UDG TN a a 482 wrlicaefoliue ——- ase<—~ 225 331
UT). a, Se re 172, 188, 190 Verac- ery Cis 2) 226 >. te knw 331
pemueid n= =" <- 2 i. alti POT" Seprech pia == =~ == ae 249
RS Oo a be 188: | Russells “Wrank_— ee 228
ELSE 0) ha tae ee ATT) OSSD DES RO coe a = oye ee he ee 209
RUIN a ee ZEON): HRRISTC Ge ata ee ee pe a 390
2 PE a hal ae BOA | ae atin Gea oe ee 265
TS ee 200" |) INECV RD = a ee 482
CUT DEG pa or 326 | Sahagfin, Bernardo de_-_-------~--- 216
TEREST DUG ek SS Pe ape Mahaerunias == -22s— = 216
© LNT OEE) SAG! || (She John: s-bread === = 412
OO Me ee ee Seo! Salado =< sede. we ee 254
(anit iOS. Ss PE RESET, Fi tee eee eee 209, 241
GemWoctezUuma= 225 2285 oe 334 Bronco oe = = eh eee 212
2 SVENECSNG otha ee ES eae SZ a) oS alicorniG oe = a ee 253
OF ER pl A a 33a" || Srenaned ==" =— 2s - e eee 395, 396
ENG Vpn Le Sak 4| Sam Wt tO 3 oo a ee 212
BARLEY es et 4445): Sem bri 2 aoe be ee ee ll 411
TEE ES) UIT in placate treet at eit ia date tetera 265 Gen TiO se. ea oe a 411
EEE a es ip 222.1 SO) PEELO) = a ee ees 481
| TICES ps a lg lA CS i aca ae S45) San Mipuelitos. =. 6.520. toe S oe 248
feat pOmCinna. . 2 a2 1 anchor emMareo=— = 2 ~ = 3 eee ee 301
CFSE ha ek al a a a i 83 | os a (be Leg SP Se ee 405
OFTEN eet el pep ea 206; 214-295 217; 222) || jeandalwood==4==2- =) 2.22522 237
SN Eas ee ee ad al 2665 4| ssancre derdraros == — = 3 482, 508
SEPETESS HUET TION Ui ore OEY 332 de“torosta es Se oi ee 265, 301
RPT EDT CIOS eee nt es Gol || Hangredragos-.) eo 2 o e g 508
SECON CE) IU (ea panera ieee pact S82) sManprepado’. —) 222. sate 508
Ti ZONtOUs a ee OEE Sol a en tanROse =. = 22-2 2k = eee 424
COnufolivs +s ee be Sat 4) Wantaluw— yo ee ee 237
CVMNOBUS see meee Goes) WeNO= 22 ee oe it eee 303
CHAR ELOSUM a Sat) Wapranthiss 2). ee 278
PEIOCATDUS =o 2k aes BLD" 1] IASLC UL GL COS a ee aes 315
hCG UT) WC ees ah eae ees & 352'1| “Saragund ine == = 411
XXXIV INDEX.
Page. Page.
Saramulla. >= s le oe ee eee 283 Spiraea’ dumosa .2 ==. 2 SSSasees 324
Saramullo.---5====22-222-2 eee 283 TES SO aie a nor ae ee 324
Sarcillejos= =. 52235220220 oe 301 hartwegianass 2-5 eae 322
Samo. 222222552525 -55 555220 301 MeTCONG.2- 5-2 -— = eae 324
Saruma;==22 22 SS se Sk Re 217 periifolia. 2. == See 322
Sassatras. a= ee eet eter at 291 Sptrostachys22=-- 2225-2. ae 253
Sassatridium=—= <2 22-22 Bae 292 SPTOStiSi == =- 2 Sea ee eee 233
Savco_ 2222552552222 + aL eae 300 +) Speniag=22 2532S. 3-25 ee 199
Schaefferia racemosa___---------~- 236 | Star-anisess=2-2.-=52-.-- 277
Schoepfhias 252222. eas Se 238 | Stegnosperma —--- = 2-52. eet 263
Screwpod mesquite_-------~----__- 350 | Stenolobium caerulewm____~_~~--~~~ 506
Sea-erapets i) =2222222e2 820 ies 244 | Strangling~ -figs:.---..-.-.-- aia 205
meca-Dalow= = = fa. sess oe eps 221 | Strombocarpa-~——- 2 — Se 350 ©
Seda ‘vegetal. -.2+-2.+.8b20auL08 220° | Struthanthus---— ae 231-2338, 234
EC ean DE es SIME 307 Strychnodaphne___-----~- ene 295
pennocarpuss==252222 222 es 262. |, Suaed@:--22-2s_ 2. > eee ee 254
Semillas del obispo-—----22-2i82224 434) |) Subin = =-ssscoaee oes pee ees 379
Semiramis=.222----22-2ubSiiuersst 275) Wubpinchea.— Us J ee 510
Wen F4 22 eee RI Oe 42> |. Suecino: -criollo 222 ete 413
denpalilles.-+---2.2.2-5. le 406 | Succino dél-pais--—----- 2 eee 413
delspats—-- sa cees 407, 408, 427 SULricagoics-- S220. Jt ee 288
Sencuyasos == 24-2252 ee eee 282... Sttricaya ee eee 288
wenccuilehe-—.——-=—-.-L-5.25 2eons 498 | Sugar-apple-—222.22-- = 22225288 284
Senng#teeiv soe aes 405 | Suvarberry- -2----..-.-=.-.- See 199
Pensitivast-oo. 22-25-42 36h, 362 | Swertzia =~. sea 433
Seri Indians)... ee 352 | Sweet bay-2------.-.- 2. Sepa
Sericothecas:-=4=..- 222-2. 206085 323 laurel 222 eo 277
Sesbaneee ts 2.2252 easy 476, 477 | Sweet-cum-.-—.-.-..__. BISBeem 317
Sethchellanthus)==-==-.- -. esate 305) ||) Sweetia. = eee 434
Sho. Lessee ea eee A 173 | Sweetsops=----.---.-—_- = _ 2 eee 284
Nhokiups]2224 2222 sie ct Sea L@S | Sveamorea-= 2222S eee 319
Shotidnitices cee 1S") Syringa\—- oS eee 309
Shrankia brachycarpa __--------~-- 363 :|, “atbachil ~--=-—. - oe 424
ROT CLG a a ee Se 289) | Walbachine #2 == 2 ee eee 424, 427
Niderocarpos =~ =~ ~==—~ === = Se 396 amarillo-—.-- <= ee eee 424
Siempreviva:<-==---=-.-2-"ite t_ . 507 del-monte == 426
pS), oo ee ee 361 | Tabachinos=<s2--+=--2-- 2-2 424
Sierriligtts*<-wee e e 363 Taba cO sn ee eee 249
Sieversia. poradoga—.— 22 LL 325 | Tabaquillo- = 300
Sirus i plancasaa2 295 abAqQuin==s2s 26 eee ee ee 424
canelo ——2 22 296 || "Pabardillos=——"e=- === = + == BOS 386, 387
VUES sose 2 penta oe 239 | "Tabuchin~<-20 ee en ee ee 427
Silk Worms; stoodefor== 2-4 ee 203 VPRO LOU ane an a enn te ee SE 850
SIGN —o ote eee eee 231 | ‘Pachinole w=. 2 219
DS SED ee 285 TT ACOMAStOI IS ee 238
SUING oe 296 Pa COPALED Sen ee eee 238
Rt TG he oi ee 207 MT COp atl eee ee tee 238
Sirundaniqua_—_____--__--_--_----- B24: | Sr erconaxtle Mn 238
VOODOO) oe ee ee PSO | Atala le: tie tote moe ee tone exe fe 398
“SOURED FONE A ye BOS | Wetajats Cee. soe ee 298
V3) CGC ea i 282. 1 etiantalaet ne eee 410
Soncoya Se ey game SE Ee Bee Oi aadeG nv ee ee ee eee 410
PS ERO Tt Sb tne + 9 ed an 262 .
RalaumMa! 2% — 8 Sa oe ee 275
RSC DD TOT Rt a ns nr 435 3 F i
3 Tig ling PSs! Sos— 2 nase ae eee 265
SODHOTINGY == =<. 4a5 wack we Sele 435 E 265 {
Sy a TT] ang || elie roost :
Sorocea mewicana________________ 205 | Paliste-------------------------- 483
Berecontil= <2 ~~ 2. TOT 4iq || {Bellow-wood=——-_---— =a 237 f
ee ree Tt 41g | Tamarind ----------------------- ia
BOLLOCIO COM ste aS 2 305 Manila_--------- icra = 121055 58 508
re rey ane? ie |e ws ye eNO te 953 | Tamarindo -----------___---~---- 411
SLAC ENT LG oie areas ee IN bes || Themaringue —.-2-=---— =~ eres 411
ROTO. Caine: ease he 395. | ‘Tambalisa —-_--__________----s.-- 435
RGUERUp ee Cee ene. id st (go || (Pimulero - =< A= eee 246
Spiraea argentea___________-____- eg4 || @racueh__-—----__ > eee 173
californica 2 eee 322 || Dearantin oe eee: IS 411 F
INDEX.
Mmprantaqgua. ee 215
Mara tang. so tie dh 410
Dn ee eee 422, 444
0 MERE of ee ee ee 511
Teapizmictianiquauhitl__________-- 233
TERT Rye eee ee ee 306
| Hn p iain Ue ea eae 238
Tn ee ee 335
eae wereienza— |= se 362
ne (nr ee 397
| STO er ee 396, 412
MepmezOnxOCHIt)— 2.2 = 2 ss 385
ETRE) Sa 381, 385
are S EST Ae a 385
DEMO aCe = PLT 246
RMR Gee es a 379
SUL ATTTAT) ee Ba cece ee are asrarerieepenetel 375
BPM wInL@. os 210
BPI El se 210
Tepeguaje_________ 369, 378, 388, 389, 390
EN aeeer ee 389i
mEReIOXOCDIt!. 9 385
PEE Sune eee ee er he 389
(TEE SV RELY COUT aarp alpen bales pe bh 360
Bemextloxocnibl= == — ==" = io et oe 885
mephresia ajinis —2—= == =>-=- 4 472
SC Ln ee oe en ee 475
SUnVsopiyiia = Seas =~ ee 475
PVE ET a a apc tei at ae ea 474
EOE AT ale ae crt rtp alles ap 471
SERIE UC TES ee tee Se yee hme ere 474
PLIES CCIE Sa Choe Sean wa 477
RUEMOUISKEn 0. 2 ea NN ATT
STITT 5 ec lc ap 471
MLIUESS Clete ee ee Ag
“LEVEE 117 has acre op et a eee eran Be 472
FeRTOstACch ya === 2222222 s-—— 9 475
UN ELYS RTT AA E St c l 473
DA Tia i ae Eee hed lhe A473
PENECSSETEL TUCE 22 me oe = he NS YT 473
MECN CNSIS << 2 ~~ UL 472
MUOG OF a tae et ee ee AED 472
RIE OUL See mene AY PER NOT 477
MUTA OU worms = SM 473
MELON Ge 9 re mere Re ee NOT 474
O-OD0ITES === 0. MMII 475
DN ET er ge ee OID 475
postosina__________ = AWE Ly ee 472
DUTisimag=——— MU UAANIDOS iy 475
RSET ADRS TSC ieee lee os oe let SANDRA VE yi YD 474
rhodantha~~ -~—-—— =). Waar 1 ite AT2
Sehntedeanda a US 474
BOOM TOT UIE a a rere rm te we NEM EY 474
CLP Se eevee § tive, FT 473
(KEL ATE 22 EaI 474
UDOT RS SS a See. (7) 473
ECOL Saree F's A475
PRONE CS AR eh 2) BR 474
WIPGiniaMa. 20 eo AO 473
MINDED S Gerken oe ts a ey SN 472
| SEGRE eee 1 258, 259
Beesealamas =. 5 saa! 210
meheatlamate +. 2-8 altel 210
Soin) Le eT 382, 481
Metarde yerug gt 344
Beirmenthera et
287,288 | Trema
XXXV
: Page.
heunaweaztlico. 2 2 ae 279
Rexaltvapotl —— . 8 2 eee 283
Mexcalama Jechosa__.__—- ~~ —§ = B= 210
Pexcalamate: == 2. 2 en ey 210
bexcalamatl! ===. Ss aye 210
Rei OTe = ae 2 ee Eee 307
GES CO [Wea eo ree eee 307
iBexmole tt 5.95 0a a ee eee 188
PROXINOUIG = LL 2 3 173
Lis diye) ht ae a 280
Wexocotl=— = eee 335
Mexoxochitl= == - = 222 2 saa 385
SEPEPACET CS aR ae Ar be AU ae 188
anim bleberty. = 2st es ae ee 333
PUN S ln Se ie ee ee 264
SUT O ef Nana cane Sk pew re A tteen er 0 381, 414
‘GEST TAL Ob ¢ a ee pa el tea Ee 359
Phim pres = = es ee 399
ai PTL Os 6 as ee 385
Mim olillo === 3 ee es 503
imu che= a2 ee re eee 393
iN LOaes a eae ere oe ee 303, 304, 418
mincaclaudcatl = 22 ae eee 291
mila copatl=2= + £22 ee 238
PLT COXxPMNL GE = oe 300, 301
Hlalcoxiloxochith 25> = Bisefieeeee. 385
ET Tole ear a eh aes 382
Na Oa x rn re ee 404
Mal ye Zoe eaae 444
Mama cazatzotle: = heen oo ives 385
Tamacazcatacot] 2.2. ee, 385
Mapahoaxpatlt._. = 2 et 444
Peiapalezpa tli 2.12. 444
Matlancuayas—— = 2-4 259
[it EN a ko) et a re a emnea Rey 259
SUED G(r Bit 2 ets ees eee eee nS”! 337
Measles fe = eS Lee 337
iillama ti oe 5 eee 216
UMA a. SE Se ee 340
PRnibin yim 2 Ss ee ee 334
pinniayiains cso Pa eed ee ee 184
naa. 2 = A 184
SPODACCO 28 1 epee eee 318
BRO CIGD eee 381
BO COS 25 8 oS 2 ee i 305
ERGCOM Prieto. S28 ive ye 246
MoThPs POL hoe am ae 233
Moldille...—- -—-==- __- ewes whee 382
Pol Wom. = a ei Te 337
Woluifera = en hanes 433
Tomatillo de sabana_____.__-___ 2 a 274
EF a aE ES S10 Ty Rae a A i YA De 290
Moneta == 3 awk eR yeep geen 282
Pornillo._--=—.-. =... sseathenioagn 350
Morrubia.-— 5 eae Shes seer 260
Tortillas. pee al 280
MOTO) 6 ee 243
otolinyzochtl.~*—— esha, 300
fRotoncaxithoit] 2—.--.- este 404
fRotoncaxihuit] _.____-- eset tnee 410
Mptopostle) == —— = eget 343
‘Rounatea a le ern tay 433
Roxy lon. eel 202
mrapp) avocado... - Seas tulana 290
iraveler’s .joy.——._._.. .__.eese te etees 267
XXXVI INDEX.
; Page Page.
Mires, Manrids+-. 22s a 305, 306 | Urtica caracasana ____------------ 219
Tyachopodium. +--+ 2-52=2=—2 Ee 453 chichicagtli. _--===s===-2=2-=05" 219
mer chostig¢ma—-=-=————_ Ons See 265 WYO. 3 ae = ee eS 221
imaidimeris=- == 279 Wrticacese=2----- ee 218
Trigyneia—————---------~--------- 280 (| Sirticastram:=------ ose 219
Mripas, de) Judas:-—=-—-—- === === 0% || Giese 2 <a — = 9 = on on ee OM 444
Priplaris =—--——=====-===-+=-====- 948 |!) Gioia eine = oe een 345
Trompeta a a a a ee et 217 Uva an ee te be ne te oe eee alt parle os einer ht SA 244
Trompetilla ————-— ——- 259 ealetas+=*{-2->4e2525= eevee 244
Trompeto = = = = — = = = 301 dedamarn=- sss eee 244
Trompillo —————— = -— -— — — — — - - — -- --- == 334 de playa egg ay Bekvtarn = et te iN ee aes 244
feranadOL-— === == 2 Sa a SHES 437 || Sibergtics tet soo ee 244, 246
Miron his e a a ee 204, 205 de players: soc cscescee 044
Se B81?) Creag or sue 244
EE ST a er eae 290 Vachellid. orn a ee ee 378
0 a aa a ca G93} Caio S22 sss 398, 399, 404, 406, 410
Cony, ee UP Carte N ricire yr eee er eee 283 ValnoroprictO 2222 = sae 261
On TR ae eer T! 280 Vara Dlan@a= 02 25a a eee 199, 304
era ee ae mend T 394 de. San J 0st. oo 2 ean 410
PWrinacanquabuitl_—_==-=+====-+=42+ 499 AE gate gb he VOn, ~~ eee wv
eat eae ce ae 394 pricta=222222525-2 Sa 378, 423
eiritze qual 2 351 Be ne ooh et oe aa
ae =a Ota: heen ees . 7 i TEV ENNO Ge on ne a re 443
ae erent Beet mer 49g | Vatitas de Apizaco_--------------- 337
2) SRR CCP Poe | Vauquelinia. = 2-22 =e eee 322
Tzonpancuahuitl —----------- su 498 Le eee ae oTman
Huon pant... —-=—-===—===-=-- = 498 wenedere RED TS5= 55595" 5 7 ae oan
ee an Seon ee a WEREORUEO Cn eee 361
— dust ans ein Daa ae ia gia O's cs can sia WabOrqguids2 2 2s — See 443
Tzuli pox------------------------ GUS) ae tron ses eee ee 208
eouraaua a ee ean laaa ) PPE ae — Vigna strobilophora ___----------- 493
Wachi blanco... =-==-==- USSeeees 368 ree Tots aa
Se | pete ee a8
OO RETR TEE Cae pitcheri____-----------~--- a
MNSAtHIN— oe eee ees Se 379 fe ete es ater est) OS aaa
SA ae ca ale Rae eS = ET ena Virgin’s-bower RA he 5 ee ree es 267
Plcushultlo = —-— = = ee 215 Wee ar.
ao. pear iene. Ope ak a, ee euerdiio_ 2. ee 223, 231, 235
pias... eee cane cebe- nips) | cyeseum album2———-- 2 - ae 223
Re ee a aE a 290 bolleanum 0 = ee 229
Umbellularias. eee eee a 288 brachystachyum__——---------- 230
py ae ee aS PALE 7: 290 cornifolium —------------- ---- 226
fifa decabrac] eee cee eee ee 379 elliptioum —==—-—--- == - =e 226
de gato_-_ 200, 261, 334, 360, 362, 364. faloatum ————------—=-385Haee 228
365, 377, 394, 397, 475, 481 be se ti ~----------------- a
vd aurifolum _-----------------
Fete a7 TTT ben, a8 | reichenbachianum ——_-——-—-- 22
Unona penduliflora___----------=_- 279 Aik tikes ee ass oan .
Be ee eee aabaugn, (ete *euginatum. 0° eee 093
Urostigma baccatum___------------ 212 velutinum —------------------ 229
bonplandianum_-—~~----------- 213 | Vitzquahuitl -_----------- eee se 419
complicatum —_._——--—+-_—_ 25 912 | Viuxita ____--------------------- 347
PULSES CONG ee esas 213 | Volador ~------------------------ 298
EU GUN = pre 210 | Watercats —---------------------- 290
glycicarpum—_—-----~-L So 2224- 213 | Weinmannia —_-~~-~-----------~---- 316
MNDOUTUM ae Le 918 | Wenderothia___------------------ 495
lapathifolium ——.____L=282285 212 Lecter bola ee _ ;
LOU OSes os a 210 eRe Gale ee ee
s auieacaiits pO Ee a a Tee 912 | Wild licorice__------------------- 492
BULOID ER == se EZ olive. 2-. 242 eee 237%
fecolutense__.-—--— —— — 209 TAN GC ee 304
turbinatum ———-------=-=-=+-— 212 | Willardia____ .------------------- 483
Urtica baccifera —_---------------= 919 |*wWinter-fat——..._------------ === 253
INDEX.
Page.
marae: Darko sss 2 8 oe Uk tet SoS 276
Witch-hazel family ___------------ 317
Mingo HOWeES-= 2. a5 =s- 2 as522 > 222
MESES TB ETO) ee eS ee 364
“LS 2c eee en ee 381
0 SSG 3 ee ee 482
(ASE oes SE Se Se ee 206
LC LT a 351
maemmacnoarathine———--2.--= = = 476
TE i Se eee ee 369
Lop GiS 4 eee ee eee 513
CSOT) 303
(0 OPUS Se See 218
oo palidne te Ae ee ee eee 498
ET = ee = a 341
‘Xiaxek ool eee eee 390
Ube. cee ee 345
maroxochicuahuitl ———____---__=._ = 385
DCL es = 385
BembErOCi tle se! es Se 424
pXiménez, Francisco_____----__---- 237
OM: 2a) 42232 eee 237.
JOU Ui be. 2 es 290
GEHL Tire hee ee 219, 404
3 219, 405
oo SEIS ee Se Se oes 440
OMAN gee oe ee 440
DEO COLC HN stg ORR 52k eS 427
SDS 379
So) oe el 235
Lo Greco) eee 298
(J UO G0i ths Sr 305
oo Se GIES ta 237
eR Ante oe eee 362
Pemfnttcaatlie 8 279
mochiocotzo Quahuit]_____________ 318
BeeEeOET Ole 8? 318
‘Xochiocotzoquahuit] __-___________ 317
MURTCOE ZOU sae. 817
0S AP RERD| D912 el a 317
Jo URE op Sa ee 492
[RES eS oe as 454
0 PL TCR ITE Ee oe 404
Papen peers ee 492
| ADR? e225 62 See £72 272
Le Oe ee eee 264
7 TYESe es aes es ee 303
721i) ee ea seep ees | 479
Co TIP 2 aS de Se eee 405, 410
cop LYE che a7 a ok 280
Pero et mig 22 2 436
Un 2352s ee ee ee, 5 8 506
bb anode ee 428, 506
CC MONOTO 2 2 eye 199
XXXVII
Page.
Mara-bipuiches-— eke SS eS 393
By Ties 0 ta) pe ks ee oS 317
Yelea-bisahul =o ee a eee 393
ar aoDiV O72 aa ae ee ee 204
Wain DiZi oils ee ea eS 317
GEER Of BCS SRS RE a a Se es se Die
Mio a-CiNO S32 e © eee Pee ee ee 173
Vea suiemiie: £226 ees ea ea 434
Yin a Un es he Fee Ee ee 483
DSC GIE) A101 Ie Me a a nc 203
Wara-reche esos S25 3 eae es 173
VWiootias SS 427
Wa ta-xOOn- 2528 Se 173
Wdta-y00. 3242. ee ee ee 173
Yaca-zachet-3-— 22-2 2) ae eee ee 173
Wacrumohembras sa. . ose eee 217, 278
macho. =S ee eee 217, 301
Wacua cyte = Si Ste eee 482
DY SEN Rc ee Seed ee eee Sete gine thts ee 237
Yax-catzims 2 Soe 2 ee 382
Mecapixtia— 2s Se eee 235
VWolosuchile= = ste eee 276
Moloxochitiee 2 ees See 275, 276
YONG IO = ee a ae See eee 355
ASlayes == te ey ee ee 342
Zacate de aaa. 2222 = Se Pot 477
VE) hao a ES ee a ee 424
Zajinot ss ble Reem Gee Fe ee 424
Zalate ns 8 te eee ale ee 207, 211
ZAMAtO=. ee aes or ee 241
HApotes =.= 5 eae eS ee 344
AMariloe sl s> ee a eee 344
borracho. aS See eee 344
Canelig=e >= ee 344
qdeviwiejas= 2-6 2 oe ee 282
Zapo lows eos = See ee 344, 387
amManllqw = eee 305
VR Sy Ae. eer eae a 200, 261, 362, 363, 382
pohae Vast] othe ee 388
FATTAMOYA ee eo ee ee 328
HAPZAD ATT Ae 2 She ee eee eee 347
ia MENG! a3 oe eee 511
VSG te ee ee 288
AON AN CLE ASS =a ee 498
Zompantles= 2.20. ss See eee 498
ZOMpPanilites see 2 Se ee ee 498
ZFopiletiios ses 2 =e UL eee 278
OV TYNNG 22 eee ee ee ee 264
OTT OCLO COM == a eee , 305
Piya ise ee ee ee 374, 379
IT BT - CHG see = oe 2 el 374, 379
Wompan tiem == 2 ee ene 498
MONI eo eo 327
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM
VOLUME 23, PART 3
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO
(OXALIDACEAE-TURNERACEAE )
By PAUL C. STANDLEY
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1923
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
II
PREFACE.
The third installment of the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, by
Mr. Paul C. Standley, Assistant Curator of the United States
National Herbarium, treats the families Oxalidaceae to Turnera-
ceae, both inclusive. Several of the largest and most important
groups of Mexican trees are included, such as the Meliaceae, which
contains the true mahoganies of the genus Swietenia; the Euphor-
biaceae, or spurge family; the Malvaceae, or mallow family; and
the Sterculiaceae, among whose representatives is the cacao, Theo-
broma cacao, perhaps the most peportant economically of all the
native Mexican trees.
The accounts of the families Meliaceae and Polygalaceae have
been furnished by Dr. S. F. Blake of the United States Department
of Agriculture.
FrepERIcK V. CoviILle,
Curator of the United States National Herbarium.
III
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO."
By PAut C. STANDLEY.
65. OXALIDACEAE. Wood-sorrel Family.
One other genus, Biophytum, occurs in Mexico.
1. OXALIS I. Sp. Pl. 483: 1753.
Low shrubs or sometimes herbs, pubescent; leaves alternate, pinnately 3-folio-
late; flowers small, perfect, usually cymose; sepals 5, inferior; petals 5 (yellow
in the species here listed), deciduous; stamens 10, the filaments united into a
tube below; styles filiform or subulate; fruit a small oblong or columnar ecap-
_ Sule, 5-celled.
Numerous herbaceous species are found in Mexico. The name “ socoyoi ”
(from the Nahuatl xocoyolli, “ sorrel’’) is applied to some species.
Monceriilaments not appendaved =. =-_- = _ es se eee 1. O. camporum,
Longer filaments appendaged cn the back.
Leaflets acute or acuminate.
heaflets linear orilinear-obhongs#s 5) sft es ee es 2. O. angustifolia.
Imeanets ovate. or lance:oyatexseese 2 he ee Egy 8. O. sepium,
Leaflets, at least most of them, emarginate at the apex.
SaApsulevolabrouseeis S22. seo lee eT ee eo es fe 4. O. yucatanensis.
Capsule: pubescentvon’ the angleg_2. 9 ee ee 5. O. neaei.
1. Oxalis camporum T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 377. 1913.
Veracruz; type from Bafios del Carrizal. .
Leaflets 2.5 em. long and 1 em. wide or smaller, pubescent.
2. Oxalis angustifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 249. 1822.
Lotoxalis angustifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 115. 1906.
Known only from the type locality, near La Venta del Peregrino.
Plants about 20 cm. high; leaflets 1.5 to 2.5 em. Icng, glabrous; petals twice
as long as the sepals.
3. Oxalis sepium St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 111. 1825.
Oxalis acuminata Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 224. 1830.
Oxalis lindenit Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 817: 429. 1858.
Lotoxalis sepium Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 48. 1907.
Guerrero and Oaxaca to Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, and South
America; type from Brazil.
‘The first installment of the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, comprising the
families Gleicheniaceae to Betulaceae, was published as Part 1 of Volume 23,
Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium, pp. 1-170, October 11, 1920;
the second installment, comprising the families Fagaceae to Fabaceae, as Part 2,
pp. 171-515, July 14, 1922.
517
518 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Slender shrub, sometimes 2 meters high, with reddish brown branches;
leaflets mostly 2 to 4 cm. long, pubescent; sepals 3 to 4 mm. long, the petals
twice as leng; capsule 5 to 7 mm. long.
4, Oxalis yucatanensis (Rose) Standl.
Lotoxalis occidentalis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 115. 1906. Not
Oxalis occidentalis Knuth, 1915.
Lotoxalis yucatanensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 116. 1906.
Sinaloa to Guerrero and Yucatéin; type from Yucatén. Central America.
Slender shrub, rarely more than 30 em. high; leaflets 1 to 2.5 em. long,
glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath; sepals 4 to 5 mm. long; capsule 6 to 8
mm. long.
5. Oxalis neaei DC. Prodr. 1: 691. 1824.
Oxalis tephrodes Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 817: 427. 1858.
Oxalis psilotrichia Turcz. Bull. Soe. Nat. Moscou 81': 427. 1858.
Oxralis fasciculata Turez. Buil. Soe. Nat. Moscou 827: 272. 1859.
Lotoxalis neaei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 115. 1906.
Guerrero to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Central
America and South America.
Slender shrub, a meter high or less, or often herbaceous; leaflets 1 to 3 em.
long, pubescent on both sides; sepals 3 to 4 mm. long; capsule 4 to 6 mm. long.
66. ERYTHROXYLACEAE. Coca Family.
1. ERYTHROXYLON L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1035. 1759.
REFERENCE: Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 59-66. 1907.
Glabrous trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire, thin, stipulate, petiolate;
flowers small, solitary, or fasciculate in the leaf axils; fruit a small drupe.
EBrythrozylon coca Lam., of South America, is the well-known coca plant,
from which cocaine is obtained. It is cultivated extensively in Peru and
Bolivia.
Stipules large, conspicuously striate; Jeaves acute.
Calyslobesvovater <a tA! tte SS Se a eee eee 1. E. tabascense.
Calyx lobesvorbiculat-ovate—- 2 ee eee eee 2. E. lucidum,
Stpules small, not striate; leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex.
Leaves large, usually 3.5 to 7 em. long.
Pedicels*filiform, Stood 2mimelones. 32 ee eee 3. E, havanense.
Pedicelsistout#4 to GimmMongs_ 2s ee eee 4. E. mexicanum,
Leaves small, all or most of them less than 3 em. long.
eavess broadly, oVvates 2s) 2 2 ee ee ee 5. E. compactum.
Leaves ovate to broadly oval, broadest at or below the middle.
Brancehlets glaucescent; pedicels 5 to 7 mm. long__-_-__-- 6. E, pringlei.
Branchlets not glaucescent; pedicels 2 to 4 mm. long__-_7. E. pallidum,
1. Erythroxylon tabascense Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 66. 1907.
?Brythroxylon ellipticum Ramirez; Villada, Naturaleza 3: 53. pl. 4. 1898.
Not #. eilipticum R. Br. 1863.
Tabasco, and probably in Veracruz; type from San Sebastian, Tabasco.
Shrub with brown branches; leaves 8 to 14 cm. long; petals 1 to 3.5 mm. —
long. ‘ Zapotillo” (Veracruz, Ramirez).
The infusion of the leaves is said to be used as a beverage.
STANDLEY-—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 519
2. Erythroxylon lucidum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 179. 1822.
Reported from Mexico, but no specimens seen by the writer. Costa Rica to
Colombia; type from Colombia.
Small tree; leaves 8 to 15 cm. long.
3. Erythroxylon havanense Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 21. 1760.
Oaxaca and Veracruz. Cuba; type from Havana.
Shrub or small tree, 6 meters high or less; leaves 3 to 8 ecm. long, pale
beneath; flowers white; fruit 4 to 7 mm. long, orange or yellow.
4, Erythroxylon mexicanum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 178. 1822.
Sonora to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Guerrero; perhaps also in Yucatin;
type from Chilpancingo, Guerrero.
Shrub, 1.5 to 8 meters high; leaves 3 to 7 cm. long, pale beneath; fruit 6 to
10 mm. long. “ Pata de pajaro” (Sinaloa).
5. Erythroxylon compactum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 313. 1905.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacan, Puebla.
. Shrub, 3 meters high or less; leaves mostly 1 to 1.5 cm. long; flowers mostly
solitary.
This and the next species are very closely related.
6. Erythroxylon pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 314. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, near Iguala, Guerrero.
Shrub or small tree, 3.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaves 1.5 to 3 cm. long; fruit
red, 7 to 8 mm. long.
7. Erythroxylon pallidum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 314. 1905.
Vicinity of the type locality, San Juan Capistrano, Zacatecas.
Shrub; leaves 2 to 3 cm. long.
67. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE. Lignum-vitae Family.
Shrubs or trees, unarmed, often strong-scented and resinous; leaves opposite
or alternate, simple, digitate, or pinnate, the leaves or leaflets entire; flowers
perfect, regular or nearly so; sepals 5, free, usually imbricate; petals 5; sta-
mens twice as many as the petals; fruit a capsule, often splitting into several
carpels.
Leaves mostly opposite, digitate or even-pinnate.
Leaves digitate, usually 3 or 5-foliolate; flowers pink or purplish.
1. FAGONIA.
Leaves even-pinnate; flowers yellow, blue, or violet.
Hseatiets2 petal Smy Clowes ie see es enh dite ig he ea 2. COVILLEA.
Leaflets more than 2; petals blue or violet.
Stamens with scalelike appendages at base; stipules persistent.
3. PORLIERIA.
Stamens not appendaged; stipules deciduous___________ 4. GUAIACUM.
Leaves mostly alternate, odd-pinnate or simple.
Fruit covered with long straight hairs; leaves simple, linear or oblanceolate.
DLO CT. SINVe]I OW me ya aes te AL Ne Rts Bee Rs Us Ve 5. SERICODES.
Fruit tomentose or puberulent; leaves pinnate or, if simple, oval.
Flowers purplish; petals 4; leaves pinnate______________ 6. MORKILLIA.
Flowers yellowish; petals 5; leaves usually simple_______ 7. VISCAINOA.
520 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. FAGONIA L. Sp. Pl. 386. 1753.
REFERENCE: Standley, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 243-250. 1911.
Small shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite, digitately 1 to 7-foliolate, the leaflets
small, entire; flowers small, solitary, pink or purplish; fruit small, composed of
5 earpels.
Most of the species scarcely deserve to be classed as shrubs.
Leaves wanting; stipules triangular-subulate, 1 mm. long or shorter; sepals per-
SISO Mes = a oe Ls 2 eek SOU nt en aia 1. F. scoparia.
Leaves present; stipules subulate, usually much. more than 1 mm. long; sepals
caducous.
TLE SE OT NG ae I EL Oe 2. F. palmeri.
Leaflets 3.
Ovary eelabrouse eee 2 ONS ee en a eee 3. F. laevis,
Ovary and mature fruit pubescent.
Leaflets glabrous.
Stems densely, glandular: 20) ee ee 4. F. viscosa.
Stems scaberulous, not at all glandular_____________ 5. F. californica.
Leaflets pubescent, often glandular.
Pedicels shorter than the fruit.
Leaflets 8 to 13 mm. long; stems densely glandular.
6. F. pachyacantha.
Leaflets 3 to 10 mm. long; stems sparsely or often scarcely at all
PTAC Te oe a ae a ee 7. FEF. barclayana.
Pedicels longer than fruit.
Leaflets linear; stipules 4 to 5 mm. long; stems sparsely pilose.
8. F. insularis.
Leaflets lanceolate or linear-oblong; stipules 2 mm. long; stems
sparsely, scaberulotice. 2 +2. a ee ae 9. F. rosei.
1. Fagonia scoparia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 181. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro del Macho, Coahuila.
Slender erect shrub, about 30 cm. high, leafless; petals purplish pink, 5 mm.
long.
2. Fagonia palmeri Vasey & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 82. 1890.
Baja California; type from Santa Rosalia.
Densely branched undershrub, forming clumps about 45 cm. high; leaflets
linear, 3 to 10 mm. long; petals pinkish.
8. Fagonia laevis Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 249. 1911.
Northern Baja California. Southern California and Arizona; type from
Yuma, Arizona. :
Plants suffrutescent. decumbent, densely branched, glabrous; leaflets 2 to
8 mm. long.
4. Fagonia viscosa Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 25: 104. 1910.
Sonora (type locality) and Baja California. Southern California.
Leaflets 8 to 15 mm. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide; petals purple, 6 to 8 mm. long.
5. Fagonia californica Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 10. 1844.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay. Southern California to Utah.
Densely branched, suffrutescent, about 30 cm. high; petals 5 to 8 mm. long.
6. Fagonia pachyacantha Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 25: 105. 1910.
Known only from the type collection, from somewhere in Baja California.
Suffrutescent, 30 to 60 cm. high; leafiets linear, 8 to 15 mm. long; petals
6 to 8 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 521
7%. Fagonia barclayana’* (Benth.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 25: 104. 1910.
Fagonia californica barclayana Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 10. 1844.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Leaflets 8 to 20 mm. long; petals 5 mm. long; fruit 4 to 5 mm. long.
8. Fagonia insularis Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 247. 1911.
Known only from Carmen Island, Baja California.
Leaflets 1 to 9 mm. long; petals 5 mm. long; fruit 3 to 4 mm. long.
9. Fagonia rosei Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 24: 247. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, Tiburén Island, Baja California.
Leaflets 2 to 3 mm. long; petals purplish, 7 mm. long.
2. COVILLEA’ Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 22: 229. 1895.
1. Covillea tridentata (DC.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 302. 1899.
Zygophyllum tridentatum DC. Prodr. 1: 706. 1824.
Larrea mexicana Moric. Pl. Nouv. Amer. 71. 1839.
Larrea glutinosa Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 93. 1848.
Larrea tridentata Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 75. 1893.
Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas, Querétaro, and Durango. West-
ern Texas to Utah and southern California.
Strong-scented shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high; leaves opposite, persistent, com-
posed of 2 oblong to obovate leaflets, these oblique, united at base, 5 to 10 mm.
long; flowers solitary, the petals yellow, 8 to 10 mm. long; fruit of 5 carpels,
densely pilose with long hairs. Mostly generally known as ‘ gcbernadora;”
“hediondilla”’ (Sonora, New Mexico) ; ‘“‘falsa aleaparra”’ (Sonora, San Luis
Potosi, Ramirez); “ guamis” or ‘ huamis” (San Luis Potosi, Chihuahua) ;
“hediondo”’ (California).
The creosote bush is one of the most characteristic shrubs of the dry plains
of northern Mexico, often covering wide areas to the exclusion of most other
woody plants. The flower buds, pickled in vinegar, are said to be eaten like
capers. The plant is much used in domestic medicine, especially for rheu-
matism, a decoction of the leaves being employed for baths or fomentations.
The decoction is said, also, to have remarkable antiseptic properties, and is
applied to bruises and sores. It is taken. internally for gastric disturbances
and for venereal diseases. A reddish brown lac is often deposited upon the
branches by a small scale insect. This lac is used in some parts of Mexico for
dyeing leather red, and the Coahuilla Indians of California employ it as cement.
The same Indians use a decoction of the plant for intestinal complaints and for
tuberculosis. The Pima Indians of Arizona drink a decoction of the leaves as
as emetic, and apply the boiled leaves as poultices to wounds and sores.
*George Barclay was a gardener at Kew, who accompanied H. M. S. Sulphur
for the purpose of making botanical collections.
* Named for Frederick Vernon Coville (1867—), Curator of the U. S. National
Herbarium. Mr. Coville was botanist of the U. S. Death Valley Expedition of
1891, and published a volume dealing with the botanical features of that region
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4), and he has published many other papers upon a
wide range of botanical subjects. He made a collection of plants in Sonora
in 1903.
529 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. PORLIERIA Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 55. 1794.
1. Porlieria angustifolia (Engelm.) A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 28. 1852.
Guaiacum angustifolium Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North Mex. 113. 1848.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas; type from Parras, Coahuila. Southwestern Texas.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7 meters high, with a trunk 25 ecm. in
diameter, the branches stout, crooked; leaves pinnate, persistent, the leaflets
8 to 12, linear, 1.5 cm. long or shorter; flowers 1 to 2 cm. broad, sweet-scented,
purple; wood hard, compact, taking a fine polish, the heartwood dark brown,
the sapwood yellow, the specific gravity about 1.10. ‘“Guayacin” (Coahuila,
Tamaulipas, Texas).
The bark of the roots is sometimes made into balls and sold in the markets
as a kind of ‘“ amole”’; it is valued for washing woolen goods, since it does not
fade the colors, and is esteemed also as a disinfectant. A decoction of the wood
or bark is employed in domestic medicine as a sudorifie and vascular stimulant,
especially in rheumatism and venereal diseases; it is reputed to be used as an
emmenagogue. The durable wood is used for fence posts and other purposes.
Known in Texas as ‘ soap-bush.”’
4. GUAIACUM L. Sp. Pl. 381. 1753.
Trees or shrubs; leaves opposite, abruptly pinnate, the leaflets few, thick,
entire, unequal; flowers large and showy, blue or purple; fruit an angled
capsule.
Guaiacum officinale L., the lignum-vitae, has been reported from Mexico,
but probably incorrectly.
Leaflets broadly oblong or obovate, usually 8 to 15 mm. wide. 1. G. sanctum.
Leaflets linear or linear-oblong, usually 3 to 7 mm. wide.
Ovary; pubescent=222 22) 23 2 oo eee 2. G. palmeri.
GET YS ADTOUS te ee ee ee Se eee eee 3. G. coulteri.
1. Guaiacum sanctum L. Sp. PI. 382. 1753.
Guaiacum verticale Orteg. Hort. Matr. Dec. 93. 1798.
Yucatin and probably in Tabasco; perhaps also in Veracruz. West Indies and
southern Florida; type from Porto Rico.
Tree, sometimes 10 meters high, the trunk short, the bark thin, pale or white;
leaflets 4 to 10, 2 to 3.5 em. long, glabrous; petals 7 to 11 mm. long; fruit
1.4 to 1.7 em. long; wood resinous, light yellow, becoming green on exposure,
very hard, with a characteristic odor, the specific gravity about 1.15.
“Guayacan.”
This species has been reported from many other parts of Mexico, apparently
because it has been confused with G. coulteri. The wood is used for railroad
ties and other purposes.
Both G. sanctum and G. officinale L., the latter a West Indian species, are
official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. The extract of the wood, which is known
as “lignum-vitae,” has stimulant and diaphoretic properties. It was intro-
duced into Europe as early as 1508 by the Spaniards, who had learned that
it was used by the Indians as a remedy for syphilis. It was long highly
esteemed as a remedy for syphilitic affections, and for gout, rheumatism,
scrofula, and cutaneous diseases, but it is now believed to have no distinct
influence upon such diseases. The resin also is employed, being stimulant,
alterative, diaphoretic, and in large doses purgative. The bark and wood
contain saponin.
One of the species of Guaiacum is illustrated by Hernandez and treated *
at length in a chapter entitled ‘De Hoaxacan, seu Ligno Sancto.”
ee ee eee ee ee ee a eee
Thesaurus 62-65. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 523
2. Guaiacum palmeri Vail, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 107. 1910.
Dry plains and hills, Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrub or small tree; leaflets 4 to 10, 0.8 to 2.2 em. long; petals blue, about
1.5 em. long; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
It is probable that this plant is only a form of G. coulteri.
8. Guaiacum coulteri A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 5: 312. 1855.
Guaiacum planchoni A. Gray; Vail & Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 25: 107. 1910.
Sonora to Oaxaca; type collected between Rayén and Ures, Sonora.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 12 meters high, with crooked branches; leaflets
6 to 10, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, glabrous or nearly so; flowers fragrant, the petals
blue or violet, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; fruit about 1.5 ecm. long. Known throughout
its range as “ guayacin;” “arbol santo” (Puebla, Ramirez); ‘palo santo”
(Oaxaca, Jalisco) ; “ matlaquahuitl” (Nahuatl, Ramirez); “ yaga-na” (Oax-
aca, Zapotec, Reko) ; “ yutnu-tandaa ” (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko).
The plant was reported from Mexico by Mocifio and Sessé as G. afrum L.
The wood is hard and resinous, strong and durable, and is good for firewood,
being used sometimes for fuel in railroad engines. It is employed also for
making articles in which great strength is required. The tree is believed to
have essentially the same properties as G. sanctum.
The writer has not seen type material of G. planchoni, which was described
from Oaxaca, but other material: from that state differs in no way from
G. coulteri, and the characters supposed to separate the two species seem not
to hold in the material examined.
5. SERICODES A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 28. 1852.
1. Sericodes greggii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 28. 1852.
Durango, Zacatecas, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leén; type from San Lorenzo
(Coahuila?).
Low, densely branched shrub; leaves fascicled, linear or oblanceolate, 8
to 12 mm. long, strigose; flowers small, yellowish; fruit a small capsule, sepa-
rating into 5 carpels, densely covered with long white hairs.
6. MORKILLIA Rose & Painter, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50*: 33. 1907.
Erect shrubs; leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, with large entire leaflets; flowers
very large, deep rose-purple, solitary or geminate; fruit a large 4-winged capsule.
Leaflets acute or obtuse; wings of the fruit produced at the apex, the sinus
TV ISIS Vee eee hd Ns etna es eS ae ee 1. M. mexicana.
Leaflets acuminate; wings of the fruit scarcely produced, the sinus broad
STG Oy OVS YDS SS Pe a ae Me a a a SE aah ea Jee 2. M. acuminata.
1. Morkillia mexicana (Moc. & Sessé) Rose & Painter, Smiths. Mise. Coll.
50°: 33. 1907.
Chitonia mexicana Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 707. 1824.
Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca.
Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high, with grayish white bark; leaflets 7 to 15, 3 to
5 cm. long, densely pubescent; petals 3 to 4 cm. long; fruit 4 to 6 em. long.
“Guayacin’”’ (Oaxaca).
2. Morkillia acuminata Rose & Painter, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50': 34. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, mountains between Victoria and Jaumave
Valley, Tamaulipas.
Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high, densely pubescent; leaflets 3 to 9, 1 to 3 cm.
long; petals 2.5 to 3 em. long; fruit 5 cm. long.
524 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
7. VISCAINOA Greene, Pittonia 1: 163. 1888.
1. Viscainoa geniculata (Kellogg) Greene, Pittonia 1: 1638. 1888.
Staphylea geniculata Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 22. 1859.
Baja California and western Sonora; type from San Sebastian Bay, Baja
California.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3.5 meters high, cinereous-pubescent, with crooked branches;
leaves alternate, simple or pinnate, with 3 or 5 leaflets, these mostly oval, 2
to 5 cm. long; flowers large, yellowish white; fruit a capsule, 2 to 3 cm,
long, usually 4-lobed. ‘“ Guayacin” (Baja California).
68. RUTACEAE. Rue Family.
REFERENCE: P. Wilson, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 173-224. 1911.
Aromatic trees or shrubs, often armed with spines, usually furnished with
glands in bark, leaves, and fruit; leaves opposite or alternate, estipulate,
simple or compound; flowers perfect or unisexual, large or small; calyx
inferior, with 3 to 5 lobes or sepals; petals 3 to 5, usually imbricate, some-
times united; stamens as many or twice as many as the petals; ovary of 1
to 5 or more free or united carpels; styles free or connate; fruit a follicle,
capsule, samara, drupe, or berry.
No herbaceous plants of the family are natives of Mexico. The rue family
includes the important tropical citrus fruits, of which the following, and
perhaps some others, are cultivated in Mexico. Citrus medica L., the citron
(“cidra,” ‘cedro limén,” “cidrero’), with large fruits containing scant
pulp, the rind of which is candied and used in confectionery; C. limonia
Osbeck, the lemon (‘“lim6én,”’ limén agrio,” “limonero”; ‘‘nimft,” Otomi;
“tzapposh,” Mixe); C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle,’ the lime (‘ lima,”
“lima chica,’ “limén dulce,” ‘lima chicona”); C. aurantium L., the sour
orange (“naranja agria”); C. sinesis Osbeck, the common or sweet orange
(‘‘naranja,” ‘“naranja dulce”; ‘“ yaga-naraxo,’ Zapotec; “ tzaptzouk,” “ tzap-
kiuk,” “ tzaptzuik,” Mixe; ‘“ nanxa,” ‘“ xidni,’ Otomi) ; C. grandis Osbeck, the
grapefruit, pomelo, or shaddock (‘ toronja’’); Triphasia trifolia (Burm.) P.
Wilson, the lime-berry (“ limoncito ”), a small tree, grown for ornament. Some
of these trees have escaped from cultivation in the warmer parts of Mexico.
The citrus fruits were introduced into Mexico by the Spaniards immedi-
ately after the Conquest. Bernal Diaz del Castillo’ claims for himself the honor
of introducing the orange into Mexico, in 1518, while he was with Grijalva’s
expedition. His account is as follows: “As this country [in Tabasco, at the
mouth of the Tonalé River] is infested by mosquitos, in order to avoid them
I went to sleep in a large temple, near which I at this time sowed seven or
eight seeds of oranges, which I had brought from Cuba. They grew very well,
for the priests of the temple took care of them when they saw that they were
uncommon plants. This I mention, because they were the first trees of the
kind that ever grew in New Spain. After the conquest of Mexico, this proyv-
ince being considered as offering the greatest advantages, was chosen by most
of the principal persons amongst the conquerors, of which number I was one;
and on my arrival there I went in search of, and found my young trees flour-
ishing, and having transplanted them, they all did very well.”
”
* Often known incorrectly as Citrus limetta.
* True history of the Conquest of Mexico, translation by Keating, p. 23. 18900.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 525
Fruit a drupe.
Leaves digitately 3 to 7-foliolate.
Siva emp] Ger ames = eee as ee ee ee 1. SARGENTIA.
Stays Were aii rae ene eee weet ee ee oe ee eee 2. CASIMIROA.
Leaves simple, 1-foliolate, or pinnate.
Style lateral; leaves linear or nearly so, simple-----~- 3. CNEORIDIUM.
Style terminal; leaves compound, or, if simple, much broader than linear.
Stamens sas manyoas the petals se es 4. STAURANTHUS.
Stamens twice as many as the-petals____________________- 5. AMYRIS.
Fruit a capsule or samara, or of follicles.
Corolla gamopetalous; filaments more or less united with the corolla tube.
eaves al -fONolatexs. ee es BAe ee 6. ERYTHROCHITON.
Corolla polypetalous ; filaments free from the petals.
Ovules 5 or more in each earpel. Leaves simple__--~-- 7. THAMNOSMA.,
Ovules 2 or 1 in each carpel.
Fruit a samara or samara-like. Leaves digitate, the leaflets 3.
Carpels of the fruit separating at maturity; flowers usually perfect.
8. HELIETTA.
Carpels not separating; flowers polygamous.
Samara woody, wingless or nearly so_____-_____- 9. TARAVALIA.
Samara not woody, surrounded by a broad wing___--_ 10. PTELEA.,
Fruit a capsule or of 1 or more follicles.
Stamens as many as the petals.
Flowers unisexual; plants usually armed with spines. Leaves pin-
Mitek See Sa 2 ee CAE ee 11. ZANTHOXYLUM.
Flowers perfect; plants unarmed.
Leaves pinnate; fruit of 1 or 3 follicles______ 12. PILOCARPUS.
Leaves simple, 1-foliolate, or digitate; fruit a woody capsule.
13. ESENBECKTIA.
Stamens twice as many as the petals or more.
Calyx deciduous; leaves digitate.
Leaves alternate; sepals very unequal_______ 14. PELTOSIGMA.
Leaves opposite; sepals subequal________________ 15. CHOISYA.
Calyx persistent ; leaves pinnate.
Ovary 2-celled. Leaflets 5 or 7, 3 to 7 mm. long.
16. MEGASTIGMA.
Ovary 5-celled.
Calyx of 5 distinct or nearly distinct sepals; leaflets 11 to 25. 6
LO weL2 cam] OM ee eae ee aes SS Ts eee 17. POLY ASTER.
Calyx 5-dentate; leaflets 5 to 11, 2.5 to 10 em. long.
18. DECATROPIS.
1. SARGENTIA S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25:144. 1890.
1. Sargentia greggii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 144. 1890.
Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosi; type from Monterrey, Nuevo
Le6n.
Tree, sometimes 13 meters high; bark smooth, gray, peeling off in thin plates;
leaves alternate, persistent, digitately 2 or 3-foliolate, 3 to 10 em. long, obtuse or
acutish, nearly glabrous, entire; flowers small, white; fruit fleshy, edible, 1.5 to
2 em. long, yellow; seeds brown, 1.2 to 1.4 em. long. ‘ Limoncillo”’ (Tamauli-
pas, San Luis Potosi); “chapote amarillo” (Nuevo Le6én); “naranjillo”
(Tamaulipas).
The wood is said to be used for fuel, carts, and other purposes.
526 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. CASIMIROA*' Lilave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 2. 1825.
Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves persistent, alternate, digitate, the leaflets
coriaceous, usually entire; flowers small, perfect; fruit a drupe, 2 to 5-celled,
with a single seed in each cell.
Leaflets densely velvety-pubescent beneath.
Leaflets 3, obtuse; petioles 1.5 to 3 em. long________________ 1. C. pubescens,
Leaflets usually 5, acuminate; petioles 3 to 12 cm. long_____ 2. C. tetrameria,
Leaflets glabrous beneath or nearly so, sometimes pilose along the costa.
Wwe lo to assem. anya Chere =e eee 3. C. pringlei.
Fruit 5 to 10 cm. in diameter.
Weal etSvOpeuS@. 2 2 ees ee se Beh et en ee ee ee 4. C. watsonii.
Leaflets acuminate.
Leaflets 5 or rarely 7, the lateral ones sessile or on short stout petioiules.
5. C. edulis.
Leaflets usually 3, the lateral ones on slender petiolules 1 to 3 cm. long.
6. C. sapota.
1. Casimiroa pubescens Ramfrez, Anal. Inst. Med. Nac. Mex. 2:19. pl. 5.
1896.
Querétaro and San Luis Potosi; type from El Madrofio, Sierra Gorda.
Querétaro, altitude 2,400 meters.
Shrub, about 2 meters high, much branched, densely pubescent; leaflets 3
or sometimes 1, oblong-obovate to elliptic, 4 to 6.5 cm. long; fruit depressed-
globose, about 4 cm. broad, pubescent, the pulp white and scanty; seeds 5 or 6,
“ Zapote de rata” (Querétaro).
2. Casimiroa tetrameria Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 401. 1898.
Yucatin and Michoacin; type from Xcholac, Yucatén. Guatemala to Costa
Rica.
Tree, 6 to 15 meters high, with rounded crown; leaflets oblong-ovate to elliptic,
usually 7 to 16 em. long, entire or obscurely crenate. “ Matasano” (Ccsta Rica,
Honduras).
The fruit of this species is not known to the writer, but it is probably
similar to that of OC. edulis. This species has been confused with C. sapota,
but it is more closely related to C. edulis, of which it may be only a pubescent
form.
3. Casimiroa pringlei (S. Wats.) Engl. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam, 3 *: 178,
1896.
Sargentia pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 26: 134. 1891.
Nuevo Leén, San Luis Potosi, and Durango; type from San José Pass, San
Luis Potosi.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 5 meters high, with grayish bark; leaflets 2 or 3,
obovate or elliptic, 3 to 9 cm. long, obtuse or acutish. glabrous or nearly so,
entire; flowers greenish yellow; fruit subglobose or oval, 1.2 to 1.8 cm. broad;
seeds 10 to 12 mm. long.
+The genus was dedicated to Casimiro G6émez, of whom the authors write as
follows: “ Casimiro Gémez, ad Cardonal ex tribu Ottcmitarum edito, viro sobrio
ae temperanti, in gerendo bello, promto, sagaci animosissimo, ipsi, quod a luxu
abhorrens, et se milites suos humili victu ac vestitu conservans ac. ducens,
exigua Ottomitarum manu, innumerabilia ac gloriosissima pro patriae bono
gesserit.”
' STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 527
4, Casimiroa watsonii Engler; P. Wilson, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 214. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Leaflets 3 or 4, elliptic to oblanceolate, 3 to 7.5 cm. long, entire or nearly
so, glabrate; fruit sweet and edible, containing 1 or 2 seeds.
It seems rather doubtful whether this is distinct from C. pringlei.
5. Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 2. 1825.
Sonora to Jalisco; often cultivated; reported from many other parts of
Mexico, but probably because of confusion with C. sapota. Guatemala.
Large or medium-sized tree, with broad dense crown; leaflets almost always
5, elliptic, oval, or broadly ovate, bright green, nearly or quite glabrous, often
lustrous; flowers white; fruit 8 to 10 cm. broad, yellowish, with sweet pulp;
seeds usually 5, 1.8 to 2.3 cm. long. The following names are reported, but
most of them probably belong equally or exclusively to C. sapota: “‘ Zapote
blanco” (the most common name); “zapote;” ‘“chapote;”’ “ matasano
(Oaxaca) ; “ cochiztzapotl”’ (Nahuatl, ‘“ sleepy-zapote”) ; “iztactzapotl” (Na-
huatl; ‘“ white-zapote’’) ; “ ccaxmuttza ” (Otomi, Buelna).
This species may have a wider range than is indicated, but all the Mexican
“specimens seen by the writer come from the Pacific coast. It is not absolutely
certain that this species, rather than C. sapota, is the one described by Llave
and Lexarza, but their description seems to agree better with it.
The white sapote (including also Casimiroa sapota) is a well-known tree in
Mexico, but is little grown outside that country. It is cultivated in the West
Indies and has been introduced into southern California. The fruit varies in
size and quality. It somewhat resembles an apple, and the best varieties are as
large as a good-sized orange. The tender yellowish skin is thin, like that of an
apple; the pulp is soft and cream-colored, of delicate texture, with a pleasant
sweet flavor. The fruit ripens in July and August. It is much eaten in Mexico
and is commonly sold in the markets.
The fruits are popularly believed to induce sleep if eaten in quantity, and to
calm rheumatic pains. The bark, leaves, and especially the seeds are said to
contain a glucoside, casimirosine, which has a hypnotic and sedative effect upon
cerebral centers. A small dose, it is stated, produces, at the end of an hour,
deep sleep which lasts four to six hours. This principle, obtained chiefly from
the seeds, has been used by Mexican physicians.
The white sapote is described by Hernindez,* who says:
“The Cochitzapotl is a large irregular tree, with thin foliage of ternate
leaves like those of the orange; the trunk is spattered with white spots; the
flowers are yellow and medium-sized; the fruit, of the shape and size of a
quince, is called by the Spaniards Zapote blanco; it is edible and of agreeable
flavor, but it is not to be counted a wholesome food; the stone which it con-
tains is a deadly poison. The bark of the tree is dry and somewhat sweet,
with a certain bitterness; the leaves, crushed and applied to the nipples of the
nurse, cure diarrhea in infants; the seeds, crushed and roasted, cure putrid
ulcers and proud flesh, and by exciting suppuration produce new flesh and
hasten healing; if eaten, the fruits induce drowsiness, whence the name. The
tree grows in hot and cold regions.”
6. Casimiroa sapota Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1857: 157. 1858.
San Luis Potosi and Querétaro to Jalisco and Oaxaca. Type from Nica-
ragua.
Tree, similar to the preceding species; leaflets nearly always 3, smaller and
harrower, on very long petiolules. ‘“ Zapote” (Querétaro) ; “ zapote blanco”
(Jalisco) ; ‘‘matasano” (Nicaragua).
*Thesaurus 89. 1651.
528 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
This species has been considered the same as C. edulis, but to the writer it
seems amply distinct, the leaves of the two being very different. All the species
of the genus are represented by inadequate herbarium material.
3. CNEORIDIUM Hook. f.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 312. 1862.
1. Cneoridium dumosum (Nutt.) Hook. f.; Baill. Hist. Pl. 4: 498. 18783.
Pitavia dumosa Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 215. 1838.
Baja California. Southern California; type from San Diego.
Densely branched shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high ; leaves opposite or fasciculate,
linear or oblong-linear, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, green, entire or nearly so; flowers
very small; fruit a capsule, 5 to 6 mm. broad.
4. STAURANTHUS Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 91. 1853.
Unarmed trees; leaves alternate, simple or unifoliolate, gland-dotted ; flowers
small, in terminal or axillary racemes or panicles; fruit a 1-seeded drupe.
Leaves 3.5 to 7 cm. wide, abruptly short-acuminate at apex; flowers racemose.
1. S. perforatus.
Leaves 1.5 to 2.5 ecm. wide, gradually attenuate to apex; flowers mostly panicu-
La teN BOREL eS): OTs BILD BS RAE WR 2 AO CIE eee 2242. S) conzatiwe
1. Stauranthus perforatus Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 92,
1854.
Zanthoxylum ghiesbreghtii Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 32+: 274. 1859.
Veracruz; type collected between Totutla and Huatusco.
Glabrous tree; leaves unifoliolate, the petioles 0.8 to 2.2 cm. long, the leaflets
oblong-elliptic, 10 to 18 cm. long.
2. Stauranthus conzattii Rose & Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Cerro San Antonio, Oaxaca, altitude 1,700 meters (Conzatti 2445;
U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 841056).
Glabrous tree or shrub, with reddish brown branches; leaves simple, the
petioles stout, 5 to 8 mm. long, subterete, the blades lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, 6 to 9.5 em. long, 1.3 to 2.5 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at the base,
gradually attenuate from the middle or lower to the acute or subobtuse apex,
coriaceous, bright green, sublustrous above, the venation plane or prominulous,
scarcely paler beneath, the costa slender but prominent, the other venation
prominulous, conspicuously gland-dotted; flowers few, in small terminal or
axillary racemes or panicles, the pedicels stout, 2 mm. long or shorter; calyx
1.8 mm. broad, the lobes very obtuse; ovary smooth; fruit globose, about 8 mm.
in diameter; seed globose, 7 mm. in diameter.
Only one other species of the genus is known, S. perforatus Liebm. It differs
from the present plant in having unifoliolate leaves, the leaflet being much larger’
and broader than the leaf of S. conzattii, and abruptly short-acuminate at the
apex. The Veracruz plant, moreover, has longer petioles and axillary racemes.
The flowers of S. conzattii are not known, and until they have been studied,
the generic position of the plant must remain in doubt. It may be that it
should be referred rather to Amyris.
5. AMYRIS L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 996. 1759.
Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves opposite or alternate, pinnate, sometimes
unifoliolate, the leaflets entire or crenulate; flowers small, perfect, paniculate,
white or yellowish white; fruit a drupe.
Leaflet 1.
Petioles25to 5 sm. ones. === 2s ae ee ee eee 1. A. monophylla.
Petioles 15.to) 24 mm: long eee ee ee ee 2. A. rekoi.
;
'
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 529
Leaflets 3 or more.
Leaves opposite.
Leaflets usually 7 to 11, sometimes 5, densely puberulent beneath.
3. A. madrensis.
Leaflets 3 or 5, glabrous beneath or nearly so.
Lateral leaflets subecordate at base, rounded at apex, pale beneath.
4. A. purpusi.
Lateral leaflets obtuse at base, acuminate at apex, green beneath.
5. A. balsamifera.
Leaves alternate. ,
Leaflets 1 to 3 em. long, 0.5 to 1.5 em. wide, the terminal one short-stalked.
6. A. texana.
Leaflets 3 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 9 cm. wide, the terminal one long-stalked.
Petioles not winged; leaflets acute, ovate or rhombic-ovate.
7. A. sylvatica.
Petioles usually winged ; leaflets acuminate, elliptic to rhombic-lanceolate.
8. A. thyrsifiora.
1. Amyris monophylla T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 381. 1909.
Oaxaca and Puebla; type from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Glabrous shrub; leaflet ovate to oval, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, rounded or obtuse
at apex, coriaceous, entire or nearly so.
2. Amyris rekoi Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 56. 1918.
Tepic and Oaxaca; type from Cafetal Nueva Esperanza, Department of
Pochutla, Oaxaca, altitude 700 meters.
Glabrous tree or shrub; leaflet lance-ovate to oblong-ovate, 6.5 to 11.5 cm.
long, acuminate; fruit bluish black, 5 mm. in diameter.
8. Amyris madrensis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 144. 1890.
Nuevo Leén and San Luis Potosi; type from mountains near Monterrey,
Nuevo Leén. Southwestern Texas.
Very leafy shrub; leaflets rhombic, 1.5 to 3 em. long, coriaceous, entire or
crenate; fruit 10 to 12 mm. long.
4, Amyris purpusi P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Club 37: 86. 1910.
Known only from the type locality, Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Small tree; leaflets 3, oval or ovate, 2 to 4 cm. long, entire or nearly so.
5. Amyris balsamifera L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1000. 1759.
Sinaloa to Guerrero. West Indies, South America, and southern Florida;
type from Jamaica.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 7 meters high, with a trunk 20 ecm. in diameter ;
| leaflets 3 or 5, 5 to 13 em. long, entire or crenulate; flowers white; fruit obovoid
or elliptic, 6 to 18 mm. long, bluish black, aromatic; wood hard, close-grained,
orange, very resinous, its specific gravity about 1.04. ‘‘ Limoncillo” (Sinaloa).
The Mexican material may represent a distinct species, but the material at
hand is too incomplete to determine this point.
6. Amyris texana (Buckl.) P. Wilson, Torreya 8: 139. 1908.
Zanthorylum texanum Buckl. Bull. Torrey Club 10: 90. 1883.
Amyris parvifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 23: 226, 1888.
Nuevo Leén. Western Texas; type from Corpus Christi.
Glabrous aromatic shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, leaflets 3, ovate, obtuse.
“Chapotillo” (Nuevo Leén).
7808—23——2
530 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Amyris sylvatica Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 107. 1763.
Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere. Central America, West Indies, and north-
ern South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia.
Glabrous shrub or tree, 2 to 9 meters high; leaflets crenate, bright green;
fruit 4.5 to 7 mm. long, black or reddish. ‘‘ Tea’ (Porto Rico).
8. Amyris thyrsifiora Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 317: 475, 1858.
Veracruz.
Glabrous shrub or tree; leaflets crenate or entire, coriaceous, lustrous; flowers
white, fragrant.
6. ERYTHROCHITON Nees & Mart. Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 11:
151. 1823.
1. Erythrochiton lindeni (Baill.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 166. 1879.
Toxosiphon lindeni Baill. Adansonia 10: 312. 1872.
Tabasco; type from Teapa. Central America.
Shrub, about 2 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, the leaflet 1, oval or elliptic,
10 to 35 em. long, entire, glabrous; flowers white, in scorpioid cymes, the sepals
2 to 4 cm. long.
7. DHAMNOSMA Torr. & Frém. in Frém. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 313. 1845.
Erect shrubs or sometimes herbs; leaves alternate, linear or reduced to scales,
entire; flowers smail, racemose; fruit a 2-lobed capsule.
Petals 8 to 5 mm. long; leaves present; seeds 1.5 to 2 mm. long__1. T. texana.
Petals 8 to 14 mm. long; leaves usually absent; seeds 4 to 6 mm. long
2. T. montana.
1. Thamnosma texana (A. Gray) Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 42. 1859.
Rutosma terana A. Gray, Gen. Fl. Amer. 2: 144. 1849.
Chihuahua to Nuevo Leén and San Luis Potosi. Western Texas (type local-
ity) to Colorado and Arizona.
Slender shrub, 50 em. high or less, or often herbaceous; leaves linear, 5 to
15 mm. long; flowers yellowish or purplish.
2. Thamnosma montana Torr. & Frém. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 3138. 1845.
Northern Baja California and probably northern Sonora. California to
Arizona and Utah; type from Nevada.
Glandular shrub, 30 to 60 cm. high, the branches often spinose, yellowish
green; leaves 5.to 10 mm. long but early deciduous; flowers purple. ‘“ Cor-
doncillo”’ (Arizona).
A decoction of the plant is used by the Pima and Apache Indians as a rem-
edy for gonorrhoea, and in Arizona it is employed as a general tonic and
blood purifier.
8. HELIETTA Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 7: 280. 1847.
1. Helietta parvifolia (A. Gray) Benth. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 14: 66. 1882.
Pielea parvifolia A. Gray ; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 170. 1879.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas and Querétaro; type from Carrizal, Nuevo Leon.
Western Texas.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a slender trunk 15 cm. in dia-
meter; bark thin, dark brown, scaly; leaves opposite, persistent, digitate, the
leaflets 3, cbovate, 1 to 5 em. long, obtuse, usually entire, glabrous, flowers
small, white, cymose; fruit 6 to 8 mm. long, with thin wings; wood hard, close-
grained, orange-brown, the specific gravity about 0.88. ‘ Barreta” (Nuevo Ledén,
Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Texas).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 531
9. TARAVALIA Greene, Leaflets 1: 222. 1906.
1. Taravalia aptera (Parry) Greene, Leaflets 1: 222. 1906.
Ptelea aptera Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 4: 39. 1884.
Ptelea nucifera Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 75, 1906.
Ptelea obscura Greene, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 10: 76. 1906.
Baja California; type from Bahia de Todos Santos.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 5 meters high; leaves alternate, digitate,
the leaflets 8, gland-dotted, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse or acute; flowers few, small,
white; fruit Pr Eiiie indehiscent.
10. PTELEA L. Sp. Pl. 118. 1753.
1. Ptelea trifoliata L. Sp. Pl. 118. 1753.
Ptelea pentandra Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 2: 88. 1825.
Ptelea angustifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 9. 1839.
Pielea subintegra Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 61. 1906.
Ptelea coahuilensis Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 61. 1906.
' Ptelea obtusata Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 61. 1906.
Ptelea pumila Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 61. 1906.
Pielea scutellata Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 62. 1906.
Ptelea cuspidata Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 62. 1906.
Ptelea sancta Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 63. 1906.
Ptclea glauca Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 64. 1906.
Ptelea acutifolia Greene & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 68. 1906.
Pielea megacarpa Rose; Greene, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 68. 19086.
Ptelea laetissima Greene & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 69. 1906.
Sonora to Tamaulipas and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in the United
States.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7 meters high, with a trunk 20 em. in
diameter, the whole plant with a disagreeable odor; bark thin, smooth or
nearly so, dark gray, reddish brown on young branches; leaves alternate,
digitately 3-foliolate, the leaflets very variable in shape and size, glabrous or
pubescent ; flowers greenish white, cymose; fruit a samara, 1 to 2.5 em. long;
wood hard, close-grained, yellowish brown, its specific gravity about 0.83.
“Cola de zorrillo” (Chihuahua).
In the United States, where the plant is known as “ hop-tree” and “ wafer-
ash,” the fruit has been employed as a substitute for hops. The root has a
bitter, pungent, and slightly acrid but not disagreeable taste and a somewhat
aromatic odor. It contains the alkaloid berberine. It has been employed as
a remedy for dyspepsia and as a mild tonie.
Many segregates from this species have been published besides the Mexican
ones cited above. The species exhibits a large amount of variation, but it
Seems impossible to divide the specimens into groups by any constant
character. Wilson, in the North American Flora, has recognized three species,
but the key characters given for the species are obviously of little value. Of
the Mexican segregates, P. pumila is the most distinct, because of its very
small leaflets.
11. ZANTHOXYLUM L. Sp. Pl. 270. 1753.
Shrubs or trees, often armed with spines; leaves alternate, even-pinnate,
odd-pinnate, or rarely unifoliolate, deciduous or persistent, the leaflets entire
or crenulate; flowers small, whitish or yellowish; fruit of 1 to 5 follicles.
The dried bark of two United States species, Z. americanum Mill. and Z.
clava-herculis L., which are known as “ prickly ash,” is official in the U. S.
Pharmacopoeia. It contains one or more alkaloids and is used as a stimulant
532 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
and, externally, as a counter irritant, especially in the treatment of chronic
“rheumatism. One of the Australian species is reported to be a violent con-
vulsive poison, and is said to be used by the natives for poisoning fish.
Leaves even-pinnate.
Sepals and netalsresrch 4: or. 5as2-— eee 19. Z. microcarpum.
Sepals and petals each 3.
Follicles 4 to 4.8 mm. long, blackish; marginal glands of the leaflets obsolete.
1. Z. pringlei.
Follicies 5 to 7 mm. Jong, brown; marginal glands of the young leaflets con-
SDICWONUS 208 25) AE. ye 2. Z, procerum.
Leaves odd-pinnate.
Leaflets rounded or very obtuse at apex, Small, 1.5 cm. wide or narrower.
WeCafiets) Bee os Oe hh ee RUE Lk eee 3. Z. liebmannianum.
Leaflets 5 or more.
eaflets” 2560) Gl Sree SER se eS Rew ares 4. Z. elegantissimum.
Leaflets 5 to 17.
Flowers in short, often lateral spikes or spikelike racemes.
Follicles 3.5 to 4 mm. broad, the stipe usually long and slender.
5. Z. fagara.
Follicles 4 to 5.5 mm. broad, the stipe short and stout__6. Z. affine.
Flowers usually in terminal or lateral panicies or in long slender
racemes.
Calyx of oblong or ovate, distinct sepals____________ 7. Z. purpusii.
Calyx of triangular or suborbicular lobes, persistent.
Leaflets 7 to 15; follicles 5 to 7 mm. long_—__--__ 8. Z. insulare.
Leaflets 5 or 7; follicles 3.5 to 4 mm. long______~ 9. Z. culantrillo.
Leaflets acute or acuminate, or, if obtuse, 2.5 cm. wide or larger.
Sepals 4; Jeafletsy3vor rarely, 0222222" 22 eee ee 10. Z. limoncello.
Sepals 5; leaflets 5 or more in most of the leaves.
Branches of the inflorescence corky-thickened; plants glabrous or
nearly so.
Seeds 4 to 5 mm. long; follicles 4.5 to 8 mm. long; leaflets abruptly
Shontspointed ies. Set bse Sa Re 11. Z. caribaeum,.
Seeds 6 to 8 mm. long; follicles 9 to 15 mm. long; leaflets usually
tapering to an acuminate tip.
Mollicleés:Sessilesy wi 215s Rc eel inky eee 12. Z. nelsoni.
-Follicles with a slender stipelike base__________ 13. Z. elephantiasis.
Branches of the inflorescence not corky-thickened; plants glabrous or
pubescent.
Sepals suborbicular, strongly imbricate in flower____14. Z. bijugum.
Sepals oblong or ovate, not strongly imbricate in flower.
Leaflets clabrous 22) Jase aie es el 15. Z. melanostictum.
Leaflets more or Jess pubescent beneath.
Calyx of distinet sepals, deciduous__--______ 16. Z. mollissimum.
Calyx of united sepals, persistent. :
Yollicles 6 to 8 mm. long; pedicels stout; leaflets 9 to 14 cm.
LONG seo eee a ser arenes eae ees ha 17. Z. goldmani.
Follicles 4.5 to 5.5 long; pedicels slender; leaflets 5 to 7.5 em.
LOU G2 LEO a 1 wheter Ny ee Pee 18. Z. arborescens.
1. Zanthoxylum pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 134. 1891.
Known only from the type locality, Tamasopo Canyon, San Luis Potosi.
Tree, sometimes 13 meters high, the trunk 80 ecm. in diameter, grayish,
armed with short stout spines; leaflets 4 to 10, oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, acute
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. bao
or acuminate, glabrous, entire; flowers in large dense terminal panicles ;.fruit
with an odor of camphor.
2. Zanthoxylum procerum Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 23: 4. 1897.
Oaxaca. Costa Rica; type from Santa Maria de Dota.
Nearly glabrous tree, 10 to 15 meters high, armed with spines, even on the
leaf rachis; leaflets 4 to 12, oblong to elliptic, 6.5 to 17 em. long, abruptly
acuminate, lustrous, nearly entire; flowers white, in large terminal corymbs.
“Palo de ropa” (Oaxaca) ; “ lagartillo”’ (Costa Rica).
8. Zanthoxylum liebmannianum (Engl.) P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Club 87:
85. 1910.
Fagara liebmanniana Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 20. 1896.
Zanthoxrylum longipes Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 163. 1899.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from San Juan del Estado, Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high, unarmed or sparsely prickly;
leaflets 1 to 3 cm. long, yellowish green, crenulate; seeds black, lustrous.
4. Zanthoxylum elegantissimum (Fngl.) P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Club 87: 8d.
1910.
Fagara elegantissima Eng). Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 25. 1896.
Veracruz; type from Chiconquiaco.
Glabrate shrub with slender flexuous branches, armed with small prickles;
leaflets oval-oblong, 4 to 10 mm. long, entire or nearly so; flowers in large
terminal panicles.
5. Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. Gard. & For. 3: 186. 1890.
Schinus fagara lL. Sp. Pl. 389. 1753.
Fagara pterota L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 897. 1759.
Fagara lentiscifolia Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Enum. Pl. 165. 1809.
Zanthozrylum pterota H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 3. 1823.
?Zanthorylum marginatum Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 231. 1894.
Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, and Chiapas.
s“orida and Texas; Central America; West Indies; South America; type from
Jamaica.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a strong odor; bark thin,
gray, covered with thick corky projections, the branches armed with hooked
prickles; leaf rachis broadly winged, the leaflets 5 to 13, 0.7 to 2.5 em. long,
crenulate; flowers yellowish green, dicecious; wood yellow, very hard, com-
pact, reddish brown, the specific gravity about 0.74. ‘“ Colima” (Nuevo Le6én,
Tamaulipas, Chihuahua, Texas); “ limoncillo” (Sinaloa, Cuba); ‘ xie-ché”
(Yucatéin, Maya); “una de gato” (Tamaulipas, Colombia) ; ‘palo mulato”
(Jalisco, Ramirez); “‘tomeguin,” “espino” (Cuba); “espino rubial” (Porto
Rico) ; “ correosa”’ (Texas) ; ‘ umagato” (Tamaulipas).
Known in the Bahamas as “ wild lime.” The young leaves are frequently
tinged with bronze. A decoction of the leaves is used in domestic medicine; that
of the bark is said to be sudorific and to act as an arterial and nervous stimu-
lant. The leaves and bark have a pungent and acrid flavor, and have been used
as aspice. The bark is said to give a yellow dye.
6. Zanthoxylum affine H. B. K. Novy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 3. 1823.
Michoacin to Hidalgo and Puebla; type from Lake Cuitzeo, Michoacfn.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high, armed with slender prickles; leaf
rachis winged, the leaflets 7 to 17, 0.5 to 1.5 em. long, entire or crenulate. ‘“ Palo
mulato” (Michoacin, Ramtrez).
534 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7%. Zanthoxylum purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 381. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Densely branched, spiny shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets 5 or 7, 5 to 15 mm.
long, crenulate.
8. Zanthoxylum insulare Rose, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. N. Amer. Fauna 14: 79. 1899.
Tres Marias and Socorro islands; type from Maria Madre Island. Jamaica;
northern South America.
Glabrous shrub or tree, 4 to 18 meters high, the trunk grayish, armed with
corky spines 1.5 to 8 cm. long; branches usually unarmed; leafiets 1.5 to 7 cm.
long, coarsely crenate.
9. Zanthoxyium culantrillo H. B. Ik. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 2. 18238.
Morelos. Guatemala to Peru; type from Peru.
Shrub or small tree, pubescent ; leaf rachis winged, the leaflets 0.7 to 3.5 em.
long, crenate or nearly entire; flowers yellowish green.
10. Zanthoxylum limoncello Planch. & Oerst.; Triana & Planch. Ann. Sci.
Nat. V. 14: 312. 1872.
Zanthoxrylum foetidum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 112. 1897.
Morelos. Central America; type from Volcan de Chiriqui, Panama.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high, armed with stout prickles; leaf rachis
not winged, the leaflets 2 to 7.5 cm. long, nearly glabrous; flowers greenish,
with unpleasant odor. ‘“ Limoncillo,” “ zorrillo ” (Costa Rica).
11. Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam. Encycl. 2: 39. 1786.
Zanthoxrzyluim occidentale Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 164. 1899.
Sinaloa and Tepic. West Indies and northern South America; type from
Barbados.
Tree, 5 to 20 meters high, the trunk spiny; leaf rachis terete, the leaflets 7 to
13, 4.5 to 12 em. long, glabrate, crenate. “ Zorrillo” (Sinaloa) ; ‘‘ espino rubial ”
(Porto Rico).
In the West Indies the bitter bark has been used for fevers and venereal dis-
eases. The wood is said to be very durable.
12. Zanthoxylum nelsoni Rose, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. N. Amer. Fauna 14: 79. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Maria Madre Island, Tepic.
Glabrous tree, 7.5 to 20 meters high; leaf rachis terete, the leaflets 11 to 15,
4.5 to 10 em. long, crenulate, conspicuously gland-dotted.
18. Zanthoxylum elephantiasis Macfad. I'l. Jam. 1: 1938. 1837.
Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere. Costa Rica and Panama; West Indies;
type from Jamaica.
Tree, 5 to 18 meters high, the trunk sometimes 50 cm. in diameter; bark
grayish, covered with large corky sharp-pointed cushions; branches prickly;
leaf rachis terete, often prickly, the leaflets 5 to 17, 3.5 to 10.5 cm. long; flowers
greenish yellow; sapwood thick, light brown, or nearly white, the heartwood
darker, tinged with yellow, hard, light, fine-grained, taking a good polish,
durable in the ground. “ Ruda” (Panama); “ pino macho” (Santo Domingo).
14. Zanthoxylum bijugum (Engl.) P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Club 37: 86. 1910.
Fagara bijuga Eng). Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 23. 1896.
Known only from the type locality, Tlacolula, Oaxaca.
Pubescent tree; leaflets 5, coriaceous, 2.5 to 6 cm. long.
15. Zanthoxylum melanostictum Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 231. 1830.
?Fagara crassifolia Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 21. 1896.
Veracruz and probably elsewhere.
Shrub or tree, unarmed or prickly; leaflets 3 to 7, coriaceous, 6 to 15 cm.
long, entire or crenulate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 535
16. Zanthoxylum mollissimum (Engl.) P. Wilson, Bull. Torrey Club 37: 86.
1910.
Fagara mollissima Eng). Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 22. 1896.
Known only from the type locality, Mina de Dolores.
Leaflets 9 to 11, 4 to 8.5 cm. long, entire or nearly so, densely pubescent.
17. Zanthoxylum goldmani Rose; P. Wilson, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 195. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, between Culiacin and Las Flechas,
Sinaloa.
Branches prickly ; leaflets 7, coriaceous, crenate, pubescent beneath.
18. Zanthoxylum arborescens Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 112. 1897.
Zanthoxrylum peninsulare T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 249. 1908.
Southern Baja California and Sinaloa; type from Imala, Sinaloa.
Small tree, 3 to 4 meters high, the branches unarmed or with few short
prickles; leaflets 3 to 7, pubescent.
19. Zanthoxylum microcarpum Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 138. 1859.
Fagara niicrocarpa Krug & Urb.; Urban, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: 570. 1896.
Oaxaca. Costa Rica; Lesser Antilles; South America; type from Dominica.
Tree, sometimes 13 meters high, the bark covered with stout compressed
prickles; leaflets 10 to 30, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 9 em. long, acute,
serrate-crenate, pubescent or glabrate; panicles terminal, 10 to 15 cm. long;
follicles 1 or 2, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
FAGARA FALCIFOLIA Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 24. 1896. Type
from Mirador, Veracruz. Based upon sterile specimens.
ZANTHOXYLUM PENTANOME DC. Prodr. 1: 725. 1824. Described from Mexico.
Referred doubtfully by Wilson to synonymy under Z. monophyllum (Lam.) P.
Wilson. That, however, is not represented by herbarium specimens from
Mexico. It is distinguished by 1-foliolate leaves. The name Z. pentanome
has been much used in works relating to Mexican plants. Some species so
named is reported to be a remedy for the ‘‘ vomito negro” and for venereal dis-
eases. It is said to be known as “ palo mulato.”
12. PILOCARPUS Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 29. 1796.
The leaves of P. jaborandi Holmes and P. microphyllus Stapf, of Brazil, are
official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, and leaves of other species also are used.
They contain two alkaloids, pilocarpine and jaborine, which are the most reli-
able of diaphoretics. They are widely employed for the treatment of dropsy,
pleurisy, rheumatism, Bright’s disease, and similar affections.
1. Pilocarpus longipes Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 112. 1897.
Pilocarpus insularis Rose, U. S. Dept. Agr. N. Amer. Fauna 14: 80. 1899.
Tepic to Guerrero; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Unarmed shrub or tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves alternate, pinnate, the
leaflets usually 3 or 5, oblong to obovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or retuse,
entire, glabrous; flowers small, racemose; fruit of 1 or 3 carpels, these con-
spicuously ridged; seeds large, black.
Perhaps not essentially different from P. racemosus Vahl, of the West Indies.
13. ESENBECKIA H. B. K. Novy. Gen. & Sp. 7: 246. 1825.
Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves alternate or rarely opposite, simple or 1 to
5-foliolate, the leaflets gland-dotted ; flowers small, perfect, racemose or panicu-
late; fruit a hard woody capsule, very rough outside.
536 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves simple, the petioles not jointed.
Fruit about 2 cm. broad; petioles 1 to 12 mm. long___-_---_-_ 1. E. hartmanii.
Fruit 3 to 4 cm. broad; petioles 10 to 35 mm. long____--_---_--- 2. E. flava.
Leaves compound, with 3 or 5 leaflets.
Leaflets densely pubescent beneath___-__________-________ 3. E. macrantha.
Leaflets glabrous beneath or nearly so.
Inflorescence racemose, few-flowered; leaves short-petiolate, the glands
[arcevan Gd. COUSPICUOUS ==. 20ers Dinan Wien Sere ee eee 4. BE. collina.
Inflorescence paniculate; leaves long-petiolate, with small inconspicuous
glands.
Sepals puberulent outside; flowers 6 to 8 mm. broad__5. E. pentaphylla.
Sepals glabrous outside; flowers 5 to 5.5 em. broad___6. E. berlandieri.
1. Esenbeckia hartmanii Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 30: 115. 1894.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from La Tinaja, Sonora.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, with thick stiff branches; leaves oblong to oval,
entire, 2 to 8 cm. long, rounded or retuse at apex, pubescent beneath.
2. Esenbeckia flava T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 1: 378. 1891.
Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 9 meters high, with a trunk 20 em. in diam-
eter; leaves oblong or oval, 5 to 14 cm. long, pubescent beneath; flowers white,
1.4 em. broad; fruit covered with spinelike projections; wood yellow. ‘“ Palo
amarillo.”
8. Esenbeckia macrantha Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 111. 1897.
Oaxaca and Puebla; type collected near Dominguillo, Oaxaca.
Tree, 4 to 6 meters high; leaflets 3, 15 to 20 cm. long, obtuse or short-
acuminate; flowers white, 8 to 10 mm. broad; fruit 3 em. broad.
4. Esenbeckia collina T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 183. 1915.
Known only from the type lceality, Cerro del Picacho, Oaxaca.
Leaflets 3, 3 to 5 cm, long, rounded or retuse at apex.
5. Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. Gard. & For. 3: 186. 1890.
Galipea pentaphylla Macfad. Fl. Jam..1: 196. 1837.
Yucatéin. Jamaica (type locality). ;
Tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with brownish or grayish bark; leaflets
usually 5, 6 to 17 cm. long; flowers yellowish white. ‘“ Yax-hocob” (Yucatan,
Maya).
The plant of Yucatan may not be distinct from #. berlandieri.
6. Esenbeckia berlandieri Baill. Adansonia 10: 151. 1871.
Esenbeckia acapulcensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 111. 1897.
Esenbeckia ovata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 327. 1920.
Guerrero, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type from Tampico,
Tamaulipas.
Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high, with a trunk 7 to 12 cm. in diameter; leaflets
3 or 5, dark green, 4 to 17 cm. long, rounded at apex. ‘“Jopoy” (Tamaulipas,
Paimer).
14. PELTOSTIGMA Walp. Repert. Bot. 5: 886. 1846.
1. Peltostigma pteleoides (Hook.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 5: 387. 1846.
Pachystigma pteleoides Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 698, 699. 1844.
Hidalgo and probably elsewhere. Central America; Jamaica (type locality).
Tree, 5 to 8 meters high; leaves alternate, digitately 3 or 5-foliolate, the
leaflets 5 to 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, bright green, glabrate, entire or
nearly so; flowers white, fragrant, 3 to 5.5 em. broad; fruit of 6 to 10 large
hard carpels.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 5a
15. CHOISYA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 4. 1823.
REFERENCE: Standley, Proe. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 221-224. 1914.
Unarmed shrubs; leaves opposite or subopposite, persistent, digitately 3 to
13-foliolate; flowers perfect, white, in axillary cymes; fruit of 3 or 5 carpels.
Leaflets 3, oblong to ovate, 5 to 30 mm. wide___________________ 1. C. ternata.
Leaflets 5 to 138, linear, 1 to 4 mm. wide.
Pubescence of the pedicels of minute appressed hairs. Leaflets § to 13.
2. C. dumosa.
Pubescence of the pedicels of slender spreading hairs.
Leafiets 3 to 5, 2 to 4 mm. wide, broadest at or above the middle, the
margins plane or nearly so, repand-denticulate___________ 3. C. mollis.
Leaflets usually 7 to 11, rarely 5, 1.3 mm. wide or narrower, of uniform
width throughout, the margins strongly revolute, entire or nearly so.
4. C. palmeri.
1. Choisya ternata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 6. 1823.
Juliania caryophillata Liave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 4. 1825.
Puebla and Oaxaca; reported from San Luis Potosi and the Valley of
Mexico; often cultivated in gardens.
Aromatic shrub; leaflets 2 to 8 cm. long, rounded or emarginate at apex,
entire, glabrate; petals white, 1 to 1.5 cm. long. ‘“‘ Hierba del clavo” (Oaxaca,
San Luis Potosi, Valley of Mexico); ‘flor del clavo” (Valley of Mexico,
Ramirez) ; “ clavillo,” “clavo de olor” (Conzatti).
The infusion of the plant is reputed to have antispasmodic properties.
2. Choisya dumosa (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 23: 224. 1888.
Astrophyllum dumosum Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 27: 161. 1854.
Chihuahua and Coahuila. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type
from New Mexico.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches and petioles roughened with large
glands; leaflets 1 to 4 cm. long; petals about 8 mm. long. “ Zorrillo” (New
Mexico).
8. Choisya mollis Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 223. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, which is not definitely known but is
probably in northern Sonora.
Leaflets 1.2 to 4 cm. long, rounded at apex.
4. Choisya palmeri Standl. Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington 27: 234. 1914.
Coahuila and Zacatecas; type from Chojo Grande, Coahuila.
Leaflets 0.6 to 1.7 cm. long; follicles 5 to 6 mm. long, glandular.
16. MEGASTIGMA Hook. f.; Benth & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 299. 1862.
1. Megastigma galeottii Baill. Adansonia 10: 331. 1872.
Fagara pumila Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 21. 1896.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from cactus plains of Oaxaca.
Small straggling shrub with crooked branches; leaves alternate, pinnate,
the leaflets 5 or 7, ovate to orbicular, 3 to 7 mm. long, entire; flowers white,
short-racemose, the petals 2 to 2.5 mm. long; fruit a follicle, 2.5 to 3 mm.
in diameter.
17. POLY ASTER Hook. f.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 299. 1862.
1. Polyaster boronioides Hook. f.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 299. 1862.
?Zanthozrylum inerme Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 230. 1894.
Polyaster ehrenbergit Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 21: Beibl. 54: 26. 1896.
Tamaulipas to Hidalgo; type from Zimap4n, Hidalgo.
538 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub, 2 meters high, unarmed; leaves alternate, pinnate, the rachis nar-
rowly winged, the leaflets 11 to 25, oblong, 6 to 12 mm. long, minutely
crenulate; flowers small, paniculate; fruit of 2 to 5 small carpels.
Sessé and Mocifio give the vernacular name of Zanthorylum inerme as
“ sobernadora.”
18. DECATROPIS Hook. f.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 298, 1862.
1. Decatropis bicolor (Zuce.) Radlk. Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Akad. Wiss.
Miinchen 16: 306. 1886.
Simaba bicolor Zuce. Flora 15°: Beibl. 72. 1882.
Decatropis coulteri Hook. f.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 1: 299. 1862.
Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Hidalgo.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 7 meters high, unarmed; leaves alternate, pinnate,
the leaflets 5 to 11, lanceolate, 2.5 to 10 cm. long, thick, acute, green above,
tomentose beneath; flowers small, white, in large terminal panicles; fruit of
2 to 5 small carpels.
69. KOEBERLINIACEAE. Junco Family.
REFERENCE: Barnhart, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 101-102. 1910.
1. KOEBERLINIA Zucc. Flora 157: Beibl. 73. 1832.
1. Koeberlinia spinosa Zuce. Flora 157: Beibl. 73. 1832.
Northeastern Sonora to Tamaulipas and Hidalgo. Western Texas to southern
Arizona.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a trunk 380 cm. in diameter,
the branches short, stiff, green, spine-tipped; leaves alternate, minute, scale-
like, soon deciduous; flowers small, greenish, short-racemose; fruit a small
berry ; wood hard, close-grained, dark brown or nearly black, its specifie gravity
about 1.12. Known generally in Mexico and Texas as “junco”; ‘“ abrojo”
(Ochoterena) ; “corona de Cristo” (Arizona).
The wood is resinous and burns readily, giving off a disagreeable odor. The
plant is little more than a great mass of spines, and often forms impenetrable
thickets.
70. SURIANACEAE. Bay-cedar Family.
1. SURIANA L. Sp. Pl. 284. 1753.
1. Suriana maritima L. Sp. Pl. 284. 1853.
Yucatan. On coastal sands and rocks, Florida, West Indies, South America,
and in the Old World; type from Bermuda.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a trunk 30 ecm. in
diameter, but usually much smaller; bark rough, irregularly fissured, brown;
leaves alternate, thick, linear-spatulate, 1.5 to 4 em. long, entire, densely
pubescent; flowers small, yellow, clustered; sepals 5, persistent; petals 5,
imbricate, 7 to 9 mm. long, erose at apex; fruit of small carpels, 4.5 mm.
long; wood very hard and heavy, reddish brown. ‘ Cuabilla” (Cuba) ;
“gitaron,” “temporana’” (Porto Rico).
Known in the Bahamas as “ bay-cedar.”
71. SIMAROUBACEAE. Simaruba Family.
REFERENCE: Small, N. Amer. Fl, 25: 227-239. 1911.
Shrubs or trees; leaves usually alternate, simple or pinnate; flowers perfect
or unisexual, usually small; fruit a drupe, berry, capsule, or samara, the
seeds usually solitary.
Besides the genera here listed, Simaba cedron Planch. has been reported from
Mexico, but the writer has seen no specimens.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 539
Leaves simple, sometimes reduced to scales.
Leaves reduced to seales; petals 7 or 8_-_---__--______- 1. HOLACANTHA,
eaves: well’ developed;- petals 4. S2eustes es ee ee 2. CASTELA.
Leaves pinnate.
AENIS UNL ty ey ET VT a a ee 3. ALVARADOA.
Fruit drupaceous or baccate.
BUSES SAF TGS ee ae er a a gE eS 4. PICRELLA.
Leaflets 5 or more in all or most of the leaves.
Carpels of the fruit 1-ovulate.
Stigmas distinct; leaflets usually 11 to 21__________ 5. SIMAROUBA.
Stigmassuniteds leahlets usually, ja 222) 22 ee eee 6. QUASSIA.
Carpels 2-ovulate.
COP ey OY SV ISG GAS ae ES NS A Be yeh as SE 7%. RECCHIA.
Carpelssunitede ssa a eee ree ee ees 8. PICRAMNIA.
1. HOLACANTHA A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 5: 310. 1854.
1. Holacantha emoryi A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 5: 310. 1854.
Reported from northern Sonora. Southern Arizona; type collected between
Tucson and the Gila River.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, much branched, the branches spinose, green
or brownish; leaves reduced to small scales; flowers dioecious, small, solitary
or clustered; fruit of 6 to 10 small drupes. ‘‘ Corona de Cristo” (Arizona).
2. CASTELA Turp. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 78. 1806.
Shrubs or small trees, the branchlets spinose or spurlike; leaves small,
narrow, simple, entire or nearly so; flowers small, dioecious, solitary or
clustered; sepals 4, distinct or nearly so; petals 4; stamens 8; fruit of 1 or
more small drupes.
Leaves green beneath, the pubescence not white____________ 1. C. peninsularis.
Leaves covered beneath with a fine whitish pubescence.
Petals narrowly obovate; leaves narrowly obovate_____---____~_ 2. C. texana.
Petals broadly obovate; leaves obovate or ovate.
eaves: obtuse ate ap ext eee a ee a ee a 3. C. tortuosa,
WECA VES MECC SC ee mere ee ree a ee oes 4. C. retusa.
1. Castela peninsularis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 278. 1909.
Castelaria peninsularis Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 231. 1911.
Dry plains and hillsides, Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Densely branched, spiny shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves oval or broadly
obovate, 1 to 2 cm. long, coriaceous; flowers red; petals 3 mm. long; fruit
about 8 mm, long.
2. Castela texana (Torr. & Gray) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 278. 1909.
Castela nicholsoni texana Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 680. 1840.
Castelaria terana Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 231. 1911.
Castela salubris Boas, Beitr. Anat. Syst. Simarub. 44. 1912.
Dry plains and hillsides, Coahuila, Tamaulipas, and San Louis Potosi.
Southwestern Texas.
Densely branched shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, with stiff whitish sp‘nose
branches; leaves 0.5 to 1.5 cm. long, obtuse; flowers bright red or purplish,
about 3 mm. long; fruit red, 6 to 8 mm. long. “ Bisbirinda’” (Tamaulipas) ;
“ amargoso”’ (Nuevo Leon, Texas) ; “chaparro amargoso” (Texas).
A decoction of the very bitter bark is employed in domestic medicine for
fevers, intestinal disturbances, and eczema. It has astringent and perhaps
tonic properties.
540 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The type of C. salubris came from Tamaulipas, and the name is doubtless
to be referred here. Collections from Oaxaca and Puebla also were cited;
these are probably referable to C. tortuosa.
3. Castela tortuosa Liebm. Nat. For. Kjé6benhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 108. 1854.
Castelaria tortuosa Small, N. Amer, Fl. 25: 231. 1911.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuaciéin, Puebla.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with crooked spiny branches; leaves 0.8 to 1.5 em,
long; flowers reddish purple, 2.6 mm. long.
4. Castela retusa Liebm. Nat. For. Kj6benhavn Vid. Medd. 1858: 110. 1854.
Oaxaca; type from San Carlos.
Very spiny shrub; leaves lustrous on the upper surface. ‘“Amargoso,”
“palo amargoso” (Reko.).
The writer has seen no material of this or of C. tortuosa.
The species of the genus are closely related, and it is doubtful whether all
those listed above are distinct.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CASTELA LYCHNOPHOROIDES Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853:
111. 1854. Type from Tehuacéin, Puebla. Referred doubtfully to the genus
by Liebmann.
38. ALVARADOA®* Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhayn Vid. Medd. 1853: 100. 1854.
1. Alvaradoa amorphoides Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853:
100. 1854.
Alvaradoa mexicana Liebm.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 344. 1857.
Southern Chihuahua to Jalisco and Chiapas; Yucatén and Campeche; type
from Bolafios, Jalisco. Central America, West Indies, and southern Florida.
Tree, 3 to 8 meters high (reported to reach a ueight of 18 meters) ; leaves
pinnate, the leaflets 19 to 51, oval or oblong, 1 to 2.5 em. long, finely sericeous
beneath; flowers small, dioecious, green or yellowish white, in long racemes;
fruit a lanceolate samara 1 to 1.5 cm. long, pilose. ‘‘ Bel-ciniché,” “ xbesinic-ché ”
(Yucatén, Maya); “palo de hormigas” (Yucatin); “ plumajillo” (Guate-
mala); “pié de gallo” (Sinaloa); “‘ tamarindillo” (Cuba).
4. PICRELLA Baill. Adansonia 10: 150. 1871.
1. Picrella trifoliata Baill. Adansonia 10: 150. pl. 10. 1871.
Described from plants cultivated at Paris, believed to be of Mexican origin;
the plant is not known otherwise.
Slender shrub; leaves palmately 3-foliolate, the leaflets ovate, oval, or obovate,
1. to 2.5 cm. long, entire; flowers small, perfect, in small axillary panicles.
5. SIMAROUBA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 2: 859. 1775.
1. Simarouba glauca DC. Ann. Mus. Paris 17: 424. 1811.
Yucatin. Florida, West Indies, and Central America; probably also in
northern South America; type from Cuba.
Tree, sometimes 30 meters high; leaves persistent, pinnate, the leaflets usually
11 to 21, oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, glabrate, pale beneath; flowers small, green-
ish, in rather large loose panicles; fruit drupaceous, oval, 1.5 to 2 em. long,
red or dark purple; wood soft, brownish. ‘‘ Xpaxakil” *(Yucatin, Maya) ;
“simaruba ” (Costa Rica); ‘aceituno” (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Panama) ;
*The genus was named in honor of Pedro de Alvarado, one of the associates
of Cortés.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 541
“aceituno negrito” (Nicaragua) ; ‘‘ jucumico” (HI Salvador) ; “ palo blanco”
(Cuba).
In Costa Rica an infusion of the bark is used as a remedy for intermittent
fevers. The fruit is edible.
6. QUASSIA L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 553. 1762.
1. Quassia amara L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 553. 1762.
Native of northern South America; cultivated in Colima, Guerrero, and
Oaxaca, and apparently naturalized in some localities.
Small tree; leaf rachis winged, the leaflets usually 5, about 10 cm. long, thin,
acute or acuminate, entire; flowers perfect, 2.5 to 4.5 em. long, racemose or
paniculate; fruit of usually 5 drupes, these 1 to 1.5 em. long. ‘* Cuasia.”
ie RECCHIA Moc. & Sessé; DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 411. 1818.
REFERENCE: Loesener & Solenreder, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 47: 35-62. 1905.
Trees; leaves pinnate, the leaflets large, alternate, entire; flowers small, in
terminal panicles; fruit of 1 to 3 large drupes.
Leaflets 6 to 14 em. long; petals 9 mm. long_____________~~ 1. R. connaroides.
Leaflets 1 to 6 cm. long; petals 6.5 to 7.5 em. long____---_-___ 2. R. mexicana.
1. Recchia connaroides (Loes. & Solenr.) Standl.
Rigiosiachys connaroides Loes. & Solenr. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 47: 37. 1905.
Oaxaca; type from Tlacolula.
Leaflets 5 or 7, puberulent beneath, 3 to 7 cm. wide, obtuse or rounded at
apex; flowers about 2 cm. broad.
2. Recchia mexicana Moc. & Sessé; DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 411. 1818.
Rigiostachys bracteata Planch. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 30. 1847.
Rigiostachys roureoides Loes. & Solenr. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 47: 39. 1905.
Recchia bractcata Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 235. 1911.
Colima to Oaxaca.
Tree, 5 to 6 meters high; leaflets 5 to 11, obtuse or rounded at apex, some-
times acutish, puberulent beneath; panicles sometimes 45 cm. long; flowers
yellow, fragrant; drupes 1 to 1.5 cm. long. ‘“ Coraz6n bonito” (Oaxaca).
The wood is hard and yaluable.
It may be that more than one species: is represented here, but the material
examined by the writer appears to be conspecific. The characters which have
been reported as distinguishing the species appear to be of little value.
8. PICRAMNIA Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 27. 1788.
Trees or shrubs; leaves persistent, pinnate, the leaflets entire, opposite or
alternate, petiolulate; flowers very small, dioecious, in spikelike or branched
panicles; fruit baccate.
Panicles branched; petals and sepals each 5.
Weateismusualliyeo. tO O22 = aes ee 1. P. polyantkha.
Sean OtSeo ler COM eee ee ae ee ee nee ee ee ee EY 2. P. xalapensis.
Panicles simple, spikelike; petals and sepals each 3 or 4.
Sep al Suama metals CAC lee ee 3. P. tetramera.
Sepals and petals each 3.
eatlets;2:anem= lone sORsShOLtene. = en ee 4, P. pistaciaefolia.
Leaflets mostly 4 to 10 cm. long.
Leaflets copiously pubescent beneath at maturity_-__---~ 5. P. andicola,
Leaflets nearly glabrous beneath at maturity.
SEAME Sei Chace ere eet iy NY a ee ee 6. P. lindeniana.
StamensSrexSerten ime a we on wee eR he ee 7. P. antidesma,
549 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Picramnia polyantha (Benth.) Planch. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 577. 1846.
Rhus polyantha Benth. Pl. Hartw. 60. 1840.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Villa Alta, mountains of Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Slender shrub; leaflets ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acuminate
or long-acuminate, more or less pubescent beneath.
2. Picramnia xalapensis Planch. Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 577. 1846.
Known only from the type locality, Jalapa, Veracruz.
Leaflets narrowly ovate or lanceolate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, glabrate; petals
2 to 2.5 mm. long, linear or linear-lanceolate.
8. Picramnia tetramera Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 86’: 598. 1863.
Chiapas and probably elsewhere; described from southern Mexico.
Leaflets 5 to 18, lanceolate, obtuse-acuminate, densely pubescent beneath;
panicles longer than the leaves; fruit pubescent when young. .
4. Picramnia pistaciaefolia Blake & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 218.
1919.
Oaxaca; type from Cafetal San Rafael, Cerro Espino, altitude 800 meters.
Slender shrub; leaflets about 17, obtuse or subacuminate, sparsely pubescent
beneath; panicles 15 to 20 em. long; fruit 1 cm. long. ‘‘ Cascara amarga.”
Used by the Indians as a remedy for syphilis.
5. Picramnia andicola Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 7: 265. 1847.
Veracruz; type from mountains of Veracruz, at an altitude of 750 meters.
Slender shrub, copiously pubescent; leaflets 7 to 13, oblong, ovate-oblong, or
obovate, 3 to 8.5 cm. long, obtuse-acuminate; flowers reddish green.
6. Picramnia lindeniana Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 7: 266. 1847.
Known only from the type locality, Rio Puyatapengo, Teapa, Tabasco.
Tree; leaflets 9 to 11, obliquely ovate or lanceolate, 5 to 8 cm. long; flowers
white.
7. Picramnia antidesma Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 27. 1788.
?Picramnia teapensis Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 7: 265. 1847.
Tepic to Chiapas and Tabasco. West Indies and Central America; type from
Jamaica.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 6 meters high, glabrate; leaflets usually 7 to 13,
oval to ovate-oblong, usually acuminate, bright green; flowers greenish white;
fruit 1.5 em. long, orange or red. “Chilillo” (Chiapas, Seler); “ ciscara
amarga” (Panama).
The leaves and bark are bitter, with a flavor resembling that of licorice.
The bark was formerly exported to Europe, where it was used as a remedy for
erysipelas and venereal diseases. In the West Indies it has been employed in
domestic medicine for intermittent fevers and for gastric and intestinal
affections.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
PICRAMNIA BONPLANDIANA Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 7: 266. 1847. Type
from Jalapa, Veracruz.
PICRAMNIA FESSONIA DC. Prodr. 2: 66. 1825. Described from Mexico.
72. BURSERACEAE. Torchwood Family.
REFERENCE: Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 241-261. 1911.
Aromatic unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, estipulate, simple, pin-
nate, or bipinnate, the leaflets entire or crenate; flowers small, perfect or uni-
sexual, usually paniculate; sepals 3 to 5, united below; petals as many as the
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 543
sepals and alternate with them, usually distinct; stamens twice as many as
the petals, the filaments free; ovary 4 or 5-celled, the ovules usually 2 in
each cell; fruit drupaceous, containing 1 to 5 stones.
Petals valvate in bud; leaves pinnately 5 or 7-foliolate, the leaflets large, entire.
1. ICICA,
Petals imbricate sea vess various’ === = ee 2. ELAPHRIUM,
1. ICICA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 337. 1775.
1. Icica copal Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 601. 1880.
? Icica leptostachya Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 317: 473. 1858.
Protium copal Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 83. 1883.
Icica palineri Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 260. 1911.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Veracruz.
Tree; leaves pinnate, the leaflets 5 or 7, 10 to 18 cm. long, oblong, obtuse or
rounded at apex, coriaceous, entire; flowers small, in axillary panicles.
“Copal” (Veracruz).
Icica heptaphylla Aubl. has been reported from Yucatfin, where it is said
to be known as ‘‘copal” and ‘‘ pom.” The writer has seen no specimens of
the genus from that State.
2. ELAPHRIUM Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 3. 1760.
Shrubs or trees; leaves deciduous, simple, pinnate, or bipinnate, the leaflets
entire or crenate, sometimes lobate; flowers small, solitary or in axillary
panicles; fruit a small 3-angled drupe, containing a single large seed.
The species all have a strong and characteristic oder resulting from the oil
contained in the plants. All or most of them yield a resin, known as “ copal,”
which is used in various ways, especially in domestic medicine. It is employed
particularly as a cement and for varnish, and is burned by the Indians as
incense in the churches and during some of their pagan celebrations. The
name copal, which is of Nahuatl origin, is now applied in commerce to resins
which come from Africa, the East Indies, and South America, and, indeed,
most of the commercial resins known as copal come from those regions. The
following vernacular names are reported for plants of the genus whose specific
determination is doubtful: ‘‘Tacamaca”; ‘ papelillo” (Durango); “ teco-
maca;” “ copalquahuitl” (Nahuatl; applied to various species) ; “ suchicopal ”
(Colima, Veracruz, Jalisco); ‘‘sochicopal’” (Colima, Veracruz); ‘“‘ copalxo-
chitl” (Colima, Veracruz) ; “ teponaxtle,” ‘“ teponaxtli,” ‘‘ teponaztli;” “ ciru-
jano”’ (Morelos). The species are so closely related that many of the ver-
nacular names are doubtless applied to more than a single one.
Petiole and rachis not winged.
Leaves simple or unifoliolate.
Leaves crenate.
Flowers solitary, nearly sessile; leaves glabrous___1. E. subtrifoliatum,
Flowers paniculate, on slender pedicels; leaves pubescent.
42. E. rhoifolium.
Leaves entire.
Leaves lance-oblong, more than twice as long as broad; pedicels long
Alm Ca SLEn GC ree ee ae ek ee 2. E. cerasifolium.
Leaves ovate or oval, less than twice as long as broad; pedicels short
SUN CS SUG Uae eS et 3. E. simplicifolium.
Leaves with 3 or more leaflets.
544 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaflets crenate.
Leaflets 11 to 35.
Leaflets 2 to 4 em. long, narrowly lanceolate_______ 4. BE. multijugum.,
Leaflets 1 to 1.5 em. long, oblong__--_____ Sean im 5. E. Karwinskii.
Leaflets 3 to 7.
Leaflets rounded or obtuse at apex_____________ 1. E. subtrifoliatum.
Leaflets acute or acuminate.
Lateral nerves of the leaflets very numerous (about 20) and promi-
FONE) ON nee ehnet a og, Seat areata tai het hse wnek Senet ee nt AS 2) 6. E. kerberi.
Lateral nerves few, not conspicuous.
eatietsiacuminates: Sse eek) Lh eee 7. E. lancifolium.
Leaflets: merely aeutes 260 fe soe ee a eee 8. E. trijugum.
Leaflets entire.
Leaflets smallicaboutMucmmlong222 2) Bees aa 9. E. schaffneri,
Leaflets large, 3 to 12 cm. long or larger.
Ovary and fruit pubescents22 224s ee eee 10. E. grandifolium.
Ovary and fruit glabrous.
Leaflets densely tomentose at maturity____-_11. E. heterophyllum.
Leaflets glabrous at maturity or thinly pilose or puberulent.
Leaflets glaucescent beneath, with very prominent, reticulate vena-
i ate aa es LF Ea ate DC ne Oot See ee 12. E, longipes.
Leaflets green beneath, the venation not prominent.
13. E. simaruba.
Petiole and rachis winged, sometimes very narrowly so.
Leaves bipinnate.
Leaflets large, usually 1 to 2.5 em. long.
heahets round cduatabaseiaa 2. en ee oe 14. E, diversifolium.
MeARetS aACUte at abASes = ee Be san ee ee ae 15. HE. collinum.
Leaflets small, most of them much less than 1 em. Icng.
Leaflets coriaceous, densely pilose beneath; calyx lobes shorter than the
petals i Se eee eee ee Pa ee eee ee. 16. E. gracile.
Leaflets comparatively thin, glabrous or nearly so; calyx lobes equaling
ODplonrerthanmtheppetals 2 =a ses aaa eee 17. E. bipinnatum.
Leaves once pinnate. :
Leaflets entire, never tomentose.
Leaflets linear, oblong, or rarely oval, 3 mm. wide or narrower.
Leaflets 5 to 9. Young branches pubescent__--------_~- 18. EB. aridur.
Leaflets more than 9 in all or most of the leaves.
Leaflets linear-oblong to oval__________---__-_ 19. E. microphyllum.
Leahetssnarrowly, ine@ars= 2 ee ee 20. E. galeottianum.,
Leaflets lanceolate to broadly ovate or oval-elliptic, most of them more
thant homme wid es ss ea ee eee 21. HE. odoratum.
Leaflets crenate or serrate, or, if entire, densely tomentose.
Leaflets glabrous beneath when mature, or pubescent only along the costa.
Leafiets about 25, linear-lanceolate__________________ 22. EH. pringlei.
Leaflets 3 to 15.
Leaflets long-attenuate or long-acuminate at apex.
Teeth of the leaflets very large and coarse___23. E. penicillatum.
Teeth of the leaves very small and appressed.
Leaflets 3 or 5__ aid
Leaflets usually 7 to 15.
Leaflets 7 or 9; inflorescence sessile or nearly so.
21. EH. odoratum.
Leaflets 11 to 15; inflorescence slender-pedunculate.
26. E, rubrum.
AE An ser f WAM else A 25. E. tecomaca.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 545
Leaflets rounded to acute at apex.
CUR CESto =a eee eee FN See EL Yk 27. BE. biflorum.
Leaflets 5 or more.
Leaflets crenate with large coarse teeth.
Base of the leaflets acute or cuneate__-__~ 28. E. laxiflorum.
Base of the leaflets rounded or obtuse_____ 37. E. aloexylon.
Leaflets with very small appressed teeth.
Leaflets entire or with few distant obscure teeth.
21. E. odoratum.
Leaflets finely crenate along almost the whole margin.
29. E. fagaroides.
Leaflets conspicuously pubescent beneath even at maturity, on the sur-
face as well as on the costa.
Teeth of the leaflets small and appressed or none.
Leaflets green beneath, sparsely puberulent______~_ 21. E. odoratum.
Leaflets white-tomentose beneath.
Leaflets glabrate on the upper surface, narrowly lanceolate.
30. E. bicolor.
Leaflets pilose on the upper surface, oblong__-__ 31. E. pannosum,
Teeth large and coarse.
Leaves at maturity thick-coriaceous, strongly bullate on the upper
surface, densely pubescent on both surfaces.
Leaflets 11 to 21 in all or most of the leaves____32. E. jorullense.
Leaflets 5 to 9.
weatlets=t tomo) cm: longa. == 222. eee 33. E. schiedeanum.
Leaflets mostly 3 to 6 em. long________-______ 34. E. cuneatum.,
Leaves thin at maturity, or if thick never bullate.
Fruit densely pubescent__-_-___-_------~ 35. E. submoniliforme.
Fruit glabrous.
Leaflets at maturity glabrous on the upper surface, often lus-
trous, rarely pubescent, but then 12 mm. long or shorter.
Leaflets 9 to 19, with a few irregular crenations.
36. E. filicifolium.
Leaflets 5 to 9, regularly crenate.
Inflorescence pubescent, short-pedunculate_37. E. aloexylon.
Inflorescence glabrous, long-pedunculate.
38. E. longipedunculatum.
Leaflets densely pubescent on the upper surface at maturity,
usually 2 cm. long or larger.
eahets Hit oe a ee 39. E. sessiliflorum,
Leaflets 1 to 11.
Leaflets long-acuminate_________________ 24. E. pubescens.
Leaflets obtuse.
Rachis conspicuously dentate__________ 40. E. excelsum.
Rachis entire.
Flowers nearly sessile____________ 41. E. queretarense.
Flowers slender-pedicellate_________ 42. E. rhoifolium.
1. Elaphrium subtrifoliatum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 244, 1911.
Terebinthus subtrifoliatus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 122. 1906.
Jalisco; type collected west of Bolafios.
Low glabrous shrub with dark reddish brown branchlets; leaflets 1 or 3,
ovate-rhombic, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, rounded at apex.
7808—23——3
546 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Elaphrium cerasifolium (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 244. 1911,
Bursera cerasifolia T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 121. 1891.
Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Small tree, 4 to 8 meters high, with reddish brown branchlets; leaves bright
green, 3 to 6 cm. long, glabrous.
8. Elaphrium simplicifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 16: 532. 1842.
Bursera schlechtendalii Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 41. 1883.
Bursera jonesii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 314. 1895.
Jalisco to Chiapas. Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 3 meters high, glabrous, with grayish or brownish”
branches; leaves 1 to 3.5 cm. long, rounded to acutish at apex.
4, Elaphrium multijugum (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 248. 1911.
Bursera multijuga Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 42. 1883.
Colima (type locality) and perhaps elsewhere; not seen by the writer.
Leaflets acute, glabrous; panicles 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long; flowers greenish yel-
low. ‘“ Cuajiote amarillo” (/ngler).
5. Elaphrium karwinskii (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer, F’. 25: 248. 1911.
Bursera karwinskii Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 43. 1883.
Known only from the type locality, Tolimfin, Querétaro.
Leaflets glabrous.
6. Elaphrium kerberi (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 247. 1911.
Bursera kerberi Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 41. 1883.
Jalisco and Colima; type from Colima.
Shrub or small tree; bark peeling off in thin, reddish brown sheets; leaf-
lets 3, sessile, oblong-lanceolate to oval-oblong, 4 to 9 em. long, finely crenate-
serrate, glabrous, usually cuspidate-acuminate.
7. Elaphrium lancifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 247. 1848.
Bursera lancifolia Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 42. 18838.
Known only from the type collection, perhaps from Veracruz.
Leaflets 3 to 7, lanceolate, 5 to 6 em. long, glabrous.
8. Elaphrium trijugum (Ramirez) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 248. 1911.
Bursera trijuga Ramirez, Anal. Inst. Méd. Nac. Méx. 2: 16. pl. 2. 1896.
Morelos; type from Distrito de Ayala.
Leaflets 7, 4 to 7.5 em. long, glabrous. ‘‘ Cuajiote chino.”
9. Elaphrium schaffneri (S$. Wats.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 245. 1911.
Bursera schaffneri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 469. 1887.
San Luis Potosi; type from Morales Mountains.
Leaflets 3 to 7, obovate or suborbicular, glabrous.
Elaphrium obovatum (Turez.) Rose* is a closely related species, if not
the same as LH. schaffneri. The type is from Orizaba.
10. Elaphrium grandifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 249. 1848.
Bursera cinerea Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 48. 1888.
Bursera grandifolia Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 45. 1888.
Hlaphrium occidentale Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 246. 1911.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Veracruz.
Tree, 3 to 9 meters high or larger, the trunk often 45 cm. in diameter,
the bark purplish green, finally peeling off in papery brownish sheets; leaf-
*N. Amer. Fl. 25: 245. 1911. Bursera obovatia Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mescou
867: 614. 1863.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 547
lets 3 to 9 (usually 5), 4 to 13 cm. long, abruptly acuminate at apex, copiously
pubescent, at least beneath. ‘“ Palo mulato” (Oaxaca) ; ‘“ chutama” (Sinaloa).
The gum which exudes from the trunk is employed for caulking boats and
glueing furniture.
11. Elaphrium heterophyllum (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25; 247. 1911.
Bursera heterophylla Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 46. 1883.
Known only from the type locality, Tlaquiltenango, Morelos; not seen by the
writer.
Leaflets 3 or 5, elliptic, 1.5 to 2 em. long; panicles 6 to 8 cm. long.
12. Elaphrium longipes Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 246. 1911.
Terebinthus longipes Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 120. 1906.
Type from Matamoros, Puebla; perhaps also in Morelos.
Small glabrous tree, 3 to 4 meters high, with broad flat crown; leaflets 7 to
13, long-petiolulate, 2.5 to 5 em. long, abruptly acuminate.
13. Elaphrium simaruba (L.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 246. 1911.
Pistacia simaruba L. Sp. Pl. 1026. 1753.
Bursera gummifera L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 471. 1762.
? Hlaphrium ovalifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 248. 1843.
Bursera simaruba Sarg. Gard. & For. 3: 260. 1890.
Terebinthus arborea Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 118. 1906.
Terebinthus acuminata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 278. 1909.
Terebinthus attenuata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 278. 1909.
Elaphrium subpubescens Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 247. 1911.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, and Chiapas. Southern Florida,
West Indies, Central America, and northern South America; type from Jamaica.
Tree, sometimes 25 meters high, with a trunk a meter in diameter, but usually
much smaller, the branches thick and spreading; bark reddish brown, smooth,
peeling off in thin sheets; leaflets usually 5 or 7, 4 to 14 em. long, variable in
shape, usually acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate, commonly more or less
pubescent; flowers greenish or yellowish, sweet-scented; wood light brown,
soft, weak, its specific gravity about 0.30. ‘‘ Palo mulato” (Tepic, Chiapas,
Tabasco, Oaxaea, Veracruz); “quiote” (Sinaloa); “palo jiote” (Chiapas,
Veracruz, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador) ; “ chacah” or “ chaeca” (Yuca-
tan, Tamaulipas, Veracruz) ; “ piocha” (Tamaulipas) ; “ zongolica” (Oaxaca) ;
“palo colorado,” “ mulato” (Sinaloa) ; “ archipin’’; ‘“ almécigo” (Porto Rico,
Costa Rica, Santo Domingo, Panama, Colombia); “ jiNocuabo,” “jifictiite ”’
(Nicaragua) ; “jiote’” (Sinaloa, Honduras, Guatemala) ; “ jiflocuave,” “ carana,”
“ jinocuavo,” “ jinote’” (Costa Rica); ‘‘almécigo encarnado” (Porto Rico) ;
“ jicote,” “ chino,” “ chinacahuite ”’ (Guatemala) ; “‘copd6n”’ (Honduras) ; “ almé-
cigo blanco” (Cuba, Santo Domingo) ; ‘‘ almfcigo colorado,” “ almacigo ama-
rillo,” “cachiba ” (Cuba); “indio desnudo,” “ pellejo de indio” (Guiana) ;
“nalo chino” (Guatemala, Honduras).
The branches take root easily when placed in the ground, and the tree is
often planted for shade or to form hedges. The wood, which has a strong
characteristic odor, is not very durable, but it is employed for fence posts and
canoes, and is burned for charcoal. From the branches a brownish gum exudes,
which is often used as a substitute for glue and as a cement for mending
broken china and glass. The gum is known in Costa Rica as “ elequeme” and
“tacamahaca.” The Caribs employed it for painting their canoes to preserve
them from the attacks of worms. The tree is much used in domestic medicine,
the gum and sometimes the leaves being the parts employed. Diaphoretic,
purgative, diuretic, and expectorant properties are attributed to it, and it is
548 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
employed for dysentery, dropsy, venereal diseases, yellow fever, and other
affections.
In Florida the tree is known as “ gumbolimbo,” a name used also by the
Jamaican negroes, an apparent corruption of “ goma elemi,” the name some-
times given by the Spaniards to the gum.’ The fruit is eaten by birds and pigs.
Tor an illustration of Hlaphrium simaruba see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8:
pl. 21.
14. Elaphrium diversifolium Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 248, 1911.
Bursera diversifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 113. 1897.
Chiapas; type collected between Ocuilapa and Tuxtla.
Tree, 3.5 to 7.5 meters high, copiously pubescent; leaflets 9 to 13, the lower
ones pinnate, er the leaves often simply pinnate.
15. Elaphrium collinum (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 248. 1911.
Bursera collina T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 204. 1905.
Known only from the type loeality, Cofradia, Sinaloa.
Leaves copiously pubescent.
16. Elaphrium gracile (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 249. 1911.
Bursera gracilis Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 50. 1883.
Jalisco to Morelos and Chiapas; type from Xochiculeco, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Tree, sometimes 9 meters high; flcwers greenish white; fruit green or
brownish red. ‘Copal santo,” “copal chino colorado,” “incienso del pais”
(Oaxaca, Reko) ; “copal” (Guatemala).
It is not certain that this is specifically distinct from the next species.
17. Elaphrium bipinnatum (DC.) Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 631. 1848.
Amyris bipinnata DC. Prodr. 2: 82. 1825.
Bursera bipinnata Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 49. 1883.
Sinaloa and southern Chihuahua to Guerrero and Morelos.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 12 meters high, with a trunk 50 cm. in diam-
eter; leaves fernlike, with very numerous small leaflets. ‘“ Jabencillo” (Chi-
huahua); ‘‘copal chino,” “copal amargo” (Michoacin); ‘ copal amargoso ”
(Guerrero, Ramirez); “incienso del pais,” ‘“ tetlate,”’ ‘ tetlatia’’ (Morelos,
Ramirez); “tetlatian,” “tetlatin” (Ramirez); ‘copal amargo” (Conzatti) ;
“palo copal” (Sinaloa) ; “ cuajiote colorado” (Villada).
The resin is employed in Sinaloa for treating wounds.
18. Elaphrium aridum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 249. 1911.
Terebinthus arida Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 118. 1906.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, dry hills about Tehuacan,
Puebla.
Low shrub; leaflets green, 4 to 6 mm. long, rounded at apex, glabrous or
nearly so.
19. Elaphrium microphyllum (A. Gray) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 250. 1911.
Bursera microphylla A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 155. 1861.
Bursera morelensis Ramirez, Anal. Inst. Méd. Nac. Méx. 2: 17. 1896.
Terebinthus multifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 120. 1906.
Dry plains and hillsides, Sonora and Baja California to Zacatecas, Morelos,
and Puebla; type from Baja California. Southern Arizona.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 9 meters high, with reddish branches; leaflets
usually 11 to 35, obtuse, glabrous. ‘“ Torote” (Sonora, Baja California) ;
“torote blanco” (Sonora); ‘ copal” (Baja California) ; “ cuajiote colorado ”
(Morelos). ;
1See W. E. Safford, Natural history of Paradise Key and the near-by Ever-
glades of Florida, Smithson. Rep. 1917: 377-434. pl. 1-64. 1920.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 549
The bark is used for tanning and dyeing, and has been exported for that
purpose from Baja California. The Indians of Sonora are said to use the
branches for basketry. An infusion of the bark or gum is a popular remedy
for venereal diseases.
It may be that more than one species should be recognized here, but the
characters that have been cited as distinguishing the three species here com-
bined do not hold for the material examined by the writer.
20. Elaphrium galeottianum (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 249. 1911.
Bursera galeottiana Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 47. 1883.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacfin, Puebla.
Small tree; leaflets 138 to 25, glabrous. ‘‘ Cuajiote colorado” (Oaxaca,
Villada).
Very closely related to H. microphyllum, and perhaps only a form of it.
The leaflets, however, are narrower, and the pubescence usually more abundant. -
21. Elaphrium odoratum (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 250. 1911.
Bursera odorata T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 138. 1889.
Burscra tenuifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 314. 1895.
Bursera aptera Ramirez, Anal. Inst. Méd. Nac. Méx. 2: 16. 1896.
Bursera purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 249. 1908.
Elaphrium covillei Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 250. 1911.
Blaphrium confusum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 251. 1911.
Elaphrium brachypodum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 253. 1911.
Sonora and Baja California to Morelos and Puebla; type from San Gregorio,
Baja California.
Shrub or small tree; bark yellow, peeling off in thin papery sheets; leaflets
5 to 11, 1 to 3.5 em. long, acute to rounded at apex, entire or obscurely crenu-
late, usually glabrous but sometimes sparsely pubescent beneath. ‘‘ Cuajiote
verde” (Morelos) ; “torote” (Baja California, Sinaloa) ; “ chutama” (Sina-
loa).
The gum is applied to cure scorpion stings, insect bites, and other wounds.
It is yellowish, brown, or almost black, odcrless, acrid, and bitter, and is
reputed to have expectorant and drastic purgative properties. It is used also
for mending broken dishes. The bark is employed for tanning hides.
The species is a variable one, the leaves varying greatly upon the same
plant. All the names listed above refer to very closely related forms, which
it seems impossible to separate by any constant character. For an illustration
of a tree see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 115.
This is probably the species figured by Hernandez and described* in a
chapter entitled “‘ De Cuitlacopalli seu Stercore Copallis, Copallifera VI.”
22. Elaphrium pringlei (S. Wats.) Rose, N. Amer. Il. 25: 252. 1911.
Bursera pringlei S. Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 25: 145. 1890.
Jalisco; type from bluffs of the Rio Grande de Santiago, near Guadalajara.
Small tree; leaflets linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4 cm. long, dark green above,
pale beneath; flowers purplish. ‘ Cuajiote colorado.”
23. Elaphrium penicillatum DC. Prodr. 1: 724. 1824.
Bursera graveolens pilesa Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 49. 1883.
Bursera penicillata Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 52. 1883.
Elaphrium pilosum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 251. 1911.
Southern Chihuahua and Sinaloa to Jalisco.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaflets 7 to 15, thin, 4 to 8 em. long.
* Thesaurus 48. 1651.
550 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
24. Elaphrium pubescens Schlecht. Linnaea 16: 527. 1842.
Yucatan and Campeche; type from Campeche.
Tree, about 15 meters high; leaflets usually 7, 3 to 5 em. long. ‘“‘ Nabanché”
(Yucatan).
Said to be cultivated in Yucatén and possibly an introduced species; very
closely related to Elaphrium graveolens H. B. K. (as which it has been re-
ported from Yucatin) of South America.
25. Elaphrium tecomaca (DC) Standl.
Amyris tecomaca DC. Prodr. 2: 82. 1825.
Bursera fragilis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 422. 1886.
Amyris sylvatica Sessé & Moe. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 93. 1894. Not A. sylwatica
Jacq. 1763.
Sinaloa and southern Chihuahua. Type (according to Sessé and Mocifio)
from mountains near Mazatlin (Guerrero?).
Tree, 3 to 5 meters high, glabrous, the trunk 5 to § em. in diameter; leaflets
8 or 5, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 3 to 6 ecm. long, finely crenate-serrate.
“Torote” (Chihuahua).
Sessé and Mocifio give the vernacular name as ‘‘tacamahaeca,” and state
that the gum was used for healing wounds.
26. Elaphrium rubrum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 252. 1911.
Terebinthus rubra Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 121. 1906.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type collected near Colomas, Sinaloa.
Shrub or small tree; leaflets 2 to 4 em. long, bright green, glabrous.
27. Elaphrium biflorum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 258. 1911.
Terebinthus biflora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 119. 1906.
Puebla; type from Tehuacan.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 5 meters high, with short branches; leaflets 1 to 3 cm.
long, glabrate, crenate.
28. Elaphrium laxiflorum (S. Wats.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 253. 1911.
Bursera laxiflora S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 44. 1889.
Dry hillsides, Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrub or small tree with reddish brown branches; leaflets 5 to 9, most of
them less than 1 cm. long, very coarsely crenate or rarely entire. “Copal”
(Sonora, Sinaloa) ; ‘“torote prieto” (Sonora).
29. Elaphrium fagaroides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 27. pl. 611. 1824.
Bursera fagaroides Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 48. 1883.
Durango to Puebla; type from Querétaro.
Tree with brown branches; leaflets usualiy 5 or 7 and 1 to 2 em. long.
“Cuajiote amarillo” (Morelos, Urbina) ; “cuajiote colorado”. (San Luis Potosi,
Ramirez).
80. Elaphrium bicolor Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 625. 1848.
Bursera bicolor Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan, 4: 53. 1883.
Morelos; type from Real de Cuautla.
Small tree with rounded crown; leaflets 9 to 19, 3.5 to 8 cm. long, densely
white-tomentose beneath; panicles lax, 10 to 20 cm. long.
831. Elaphrium pannosum (Fngl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 254. 1911.
Bursera pannosa Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 54. 1888.
Known only from the type locality, Mirador, Veracruz; not seen by the
writer.
Leaflets 9, acute, 1.5 to 2 em. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 551
32. Elaphrium jorullense H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 28. pl. 612. 1824.
Elaphrium lanuginosum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7:31. 1824.
Bursera jorullensis Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 57. 1883.
Bursera palmeri glabrescens S. Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 25: 145. 1890.
Bursera glabrescens Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 313. 1895.
Durango to Puebla and Guerrero; type from Jorullo, Michoacan.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high, with brown bark; leaflets 2 to 4
em. long, densely pubescent, strongly rugose. * Copal” (Morelos, Urbina) ;
“ eopal blanco,” “ copal de penea ” (Morelos, Ramirez) ; “ copal santo” (Morelos,
Michoacin, Ramirez) ; ‘“ngedni,” “ngidi’’ (Otomi) ; “copalli,” “ goma de limén,”
*elemi de México” (Nueva Farmacopea Mexicana) ; copalquahuitl ” (Nahuatl).
The copal or resin of this tree is reddish and burns readily. It is usually
gathered in September and October from incisions in the trunk, the juice being
collected on maguey leaves, hence the name of “ copal de penea.” Dissolved in
turpentine the resin gives a transparent and very glossy varnish. The copal
is used in Mexico as a substitute for gum elemi. It is employed in treating
_uterine diseases and in making ointments, and smoke from it is inhaled as a
remedy for headache.
This may be the species figured by Hernfindez and described’ in a chapter
headed “De Copalliquahuitl Patlahoac, seu Arbore Copalli latifolia, Copal-
lifera II.”
33. Elaphrium schiedeanum (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 256, 1911.
Bursera schiedeana Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 57. 1885.
Known only from the type locality, Cuautla, Morelos; not seen by the writer.
Leaflets 7 or 9, pubescent on both surfaces.
34. Elaphrium cuneatum Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 629. 1843.
Bursera cuneata Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 56. 1883.
Guanajuato, Mexico, and Guerrero; type from Tlamixtlahuaca, Guerrero.
Leaflets 7 or 9, oblong or lance-oblong, very rugose, densely pubescent beneath.
35. Elaphrium submoniliforme (Engl.) Marchand; Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25:
255. 1911.
Bursera submoniliformis Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 55. 1883.
Oaxaca; type from Rio Vueltas.
Leaflets 7 to 13, oblong or oval, 1 to 3 cm. long, densely pubescent.
36. Elaphrium filicifolium (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 254. 1911.
Bursera filicifolia T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 248. 1908.
Sonora and Baja California; type from Rancho Colorado, Baja California,
Small tree with brownish branches; leaflets usually 1 em. long or shorter,
bright green.
87. Elaphrium aloexylon Schiede, Linnaea 17: 252. 1843.
Bursera aloerylon Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 52. 1883.
Bursera nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 314. 1895.
Morelos, Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Real de Cuautla, Morelos.
Shrub or small tree; leaflets usually 7 or 9, 1 to 2 cm. long or sometimes
larger, pubescent when young but often glabrate in age. The following vernacu-
lar names are reported, but it is uncertain whether they belong exclusively, or
at all, to this species: ‘“ Linaloé,” “inanué,” “ linalué,” ‘“ xochicopal”; ‘ cua-
jiote colorado” (Oaxaca, Villada).
By distillation there is obtained from the wood or fruit an oil which is used
in the manufacture of perfumes. The wood, which is yellow and very fragrant,
is said to have been exported to England.
*Thesaurus 46. 1651.
552 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
This is probably the species figured by Hernindez and described’ in a chapter
entitled ‘“ De Copalli Quahuitl, seu Arbore Gummifera Copallifera I.”
E. glabrifolium H. B. K.? described from Michoacin, may be the same species.
88. Elaphrium longipedunculatum Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 254. 1911.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Almoloyas, Oaxaca.
Tree with reddisfk ranches; leaflets 5 or 7, densely pubescent or glabrate,
1.5 to 4 em. long.
39. Elaphrium sessiliflorum (Engl.) Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 254. 1911.
Bursera sessilifiora Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 55. 1883.
Bursera asplenifolia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 382. 1909.
Puebla and Oaxaca.
Leaflets 15 to 21, 3 to 7 cm. long, densely pubescent.
40. Elaphrium excelsum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 30, 1824.
Bursera excelsa Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 57. 1883.
Bursera palmeri S. Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 22: 402. 1887.
Durango and Sinaloa to Chiapas; type collected between Acapulco and Tl
Exido, Guerrero. Guatemala.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high, with reddish bark; leaflets 5 to 9, 2.5 to 5
cm. long, coarsely erenate, densely pubescent, “ Sisiote”’ (Guanajuato) ; “ copal-
quin” (Durango); ‘copal” (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Guatemala).
41. Elaphrium queretarense Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 254, 1911.
Querétaro; type collected near the city of Querétaro.
Tree, 4 to 5 meters high; leaflets 7 to 9, 1 to 3 cm. long, densely pubescent.
Probably only a form of EZ. excelsum.
42. Elaphrium rhoifolium Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 10. 1844.
Elaphrium hindsianum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 11. .1844.
Terebinthus macdougalii Rose, Torreya 6: 170. 1906.
Elephrium epinnatum Rose, N. Amer. FI. 25: 248. 1911.
Elaphrium goldmani Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 256. 1911.
Baja California, the type from Magdalena Bay; a closely related plant, per-
haps of the same species, occurs in Puebla.
Shrub or small tree, 7.5 meters high or less, with reddish brown branches;
leaves simple or pinnately 3 or 5-foliolate, copiously pubescent. ‘“ Copal.”
The bark is used locally for tanning.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
BURSERA DELPECHIANA Poisson; Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan, 4:53, 1883.
Type from Mexico.
BURSERA MEXICANA Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 51. 18838. Type from San
Luis Potosi.
ELAPHRIUM ARIENSE H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 31. 1824. Type from
Michoacan.
ELAPHRIUM COPALLIFERUM DC. Prodr. 1: 724. 1824. Type from Mexico.
IcloA SERRATA DC. Prodr. 2: 77. 1825. Type from Mexico.
*Thesaurus 45. 1651.
7 Noy. Gen. & Sp. 7: 28. 1824.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 553
73. MELIACEAE. Chinaberry Family.
(Contributed by S. F. Blake.)
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, estipulate, usually pinnate ;- flowers regular,
hermaphrodite (in ours); calyx 4 or 5-lobed or parted; petals 4 or 5, free
or adnate to the disk; stamens 5, 8, or 10, usually united into a tube (free in
Cedrela) ; disk annular or stipitiform, sometimes elongate; ovary free, 2 to
5-celled ; ovules usually 2, sometimes 1 or 12; style simple; stigma disk-shaped
or pyramidate; fruit capsular, rarely drupaceous.
Filaments united at least to middle.
beavessbipinnates fruit Grupaceous. == seas see eee eee 1. MELIA,
Leaves once pinnate; fruit a capsule.
Anthers borne on apex of the staminal tube or of its lobes.
2. TRICHILIA.
Anthers borne inside the apex of the staminal tube.
Ovules 1 or 2 in each cell; seeds not winged_____-_--____ 8. GUAREA.
Ovules 12 in each cell; seeds winged_.-____-____---___ 4. SWIETENTIA.
TPS Sry FS ge 215 ea pea ca res alee lear sicker 5. CEDRELA.
1. MELIA L. Sp. Pl. 384. 1753.
REFERENCE: C. De Candolle in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 450-459, 1878.
1. Melia azedarach L. Sp. Pl. 384. 1753.
Melia azedarach a glabrior C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 452. 1878.
Escaped from cultivation throughout Mexico. Native of the Old World;
escaped from cultivation from the southwestern United States southward.
Tree, up to 15 meters high; leaves bipinnate, the leaflets toothed; flowers
panicled, pink or lilac, sweet-scented; sepals 5; petals 5; filaments united into
a tube, this 20-toothed at apex; anthers 10, sessile inside the apex of the tube;
fruit a 4-seeded translucent drupe. ‘ Paraiso”? (Michoacin, Yucatin, Vera-
cruz, San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca, Costa Rica, Argentina, Uruguay, Philippines,
Colombio, Cuba, Guatemala); “piocha” (Oaxaca); ‘ canelo”’ (Nuevo Leon,
San Luis Potosi); “paraiso morado” (Herrera); “lila” (Chihuahua, Santo
Domingo) ; “‘paraguas chino” (Chihuahua); “lila de las Indias,” “lila de
China” (Nuevo Farm. Mex.); “jacinto” (Panama); “lilaila,” ‘“ pasilla ”
(Porto Rico); ‘Arbol de quitasol” (Cuba).
The chinaberry (known also as china-tree, pride of India, and umbrella-tree)
is much planted in Mexican parks and gardens. It grows very rapidly, but the
trees do not last long and the branches are easily broken off. Both flowers and
fruit are borne in great profusion, and the yellowish fruits hang on the tree a
long time. The wood is soft and weak. The large seeds are sometimes used
as beads, and oil has been extracted from them.
The bark contains a bitter principle, mangrovin. The roots have a bitter,
nauseous taste; they have been widely used as an anthelmintic but their effi-
cacy is doubtful. The leaves are reported to have emetic properties, and they
have been employed as a febrifuge and as a remedy for hysteria. The fruit
is eaten by cattle, but it is generally reputed to be poisonous to human beings.
The bark is said to be used in some regions for stupefying fish. In the southern
United States there is a belief that if horses eat the fruits they will be pro-
tected against attacks of bots. It is said also that the berries packed with
dried fruit will prevent the attacks of insects and that if laid among clothes
they will keep away moths. A decoction of the fruits sprinkled over growing
plants is reported to guard them from injury by cutworms and other insects.
The specific name azedarach is of Arabic origin. For an illustration of the
chinaberry see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 45.
554 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. TRICHILIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1020. 1759.
REFERENCE: C. De Candolle in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 646-713. 1878.
Leaves abruptly pinnate, rarely odd-pinnate; panicles axillary, rarely termi-
nal; calyx 4 or 5-toothed or lobed, rarely 5-sepaled; petals 4 or 5, rarely 3;
filaments connate below or to apex into a tube, the anthers borne at apex
of the tube or of the lobes; ovary 2 to 4-celled, the ovules 1 or 2, superposed
or collateral; capsule usually 3-valved and 3-seeded; seeds arillate.
Filaments connate nearly or quite to apex into a denticulate tube.
Ovarves lA DTOUS se Serene Se aS oe eS ee ee 1. TT. havanensis.
Ovary DU DESCEN 26 sss Sa Oe ee 2. T. oligantha.
Filaments connate for two-thirds their length or less.
BOSAL CES ces ye A Ne 5 ao 3. T. parvifolia.
Leaflets more than 3.
Anthers pubescent.
Petals densely puberulous or tomentose outside; leaflets very densely and
softly fulvescent-pilosulous beneath along nerves or over whole
CSET ACY iene sg SLE a bil PA OR ot en DL oS Sel gt br 4. T. cuneata.
Petals sparsely puberulous or glabrous; leaflets sparsely puberulous to
pilose chiefly along the veins beneath.
Leaflets 8, oval or obovate-oval, the larger 14 cm. long, 5.7 cm. wide;
PEtAISPSDATSeLY: DUDECHULON Ss = se oe ee ee 5. T. oaxacana.
Leaflets 11 to 21, lanceolate to elliptic, the larger 5 to 8 cm. long,
1 to 3 cm. wide; petals glabrous or sparsely pubescent above.
Disk about equaling the ovary_-_.____________ 6. T. karwinskyana.
DISksmUNChAShOnceE REN AMMO VAY == en Te TL. DAEbae
Anthers glabrous.
Petals densely tomentose-puberulous outside; panicles terminal, corymbed.
8. T. arborea.
Petals glabrous outside; panicles axillary.
Petals 5 to 6 mm. long.
Panicle half to two-thirds as long as the leaves; free portion of
filaments sparsely pilose within_________________ 9. T. pringlei.
Panicle equaling the leaves; free portion of filaments densely hir-
SUG: “Wy LG se ee es i ee re 10. T. pavoniana,
Petals 4 mm. long.
Calyx teeth obtuse or rounded; ovules 2, superposed_11. T. colimana.
Calyx teeth acute; ovules 2, collateral___________- 12. T. wawrana.
1. Trichilia havanensis Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 20. 1760.
Trichilia havanensis B lanceolata C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 677. 1878.
Trichilia havanensis var. spathulata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 314.
1895.
Tamaulipas to Sinaloa and Oaxaca. Central America and West Indies;
type from Cuba.
Shrub or small tree; leaflets 3 to 9, obovate or cuneate-obovate, 3.5 to 15
em. long, essentially glabrous, usually subcoriaceous; panicles umbelliform,
dense, usually about 1.5 em. long; petals glabrous, 3 mm. long; anthers, ovary,
and style glabrous. “Limoncillo” (Oaxaca, Honduras); “ cucharillo,”
“estribillo”’ (Tamaulipas) ; ‘ uruca” (Costa Rica) ; ‘‘ garrapatilla ” (Colima) ;
“ecauache” (Sinaloa) ; ‘ barre-horno” (11 Salvador); ‘“siguaraya” (Cuba).
The wood is used in Mexico for making spoons and other small articles.
The cream-colored sweet-scented flowers are much visited by bees. In Costa
Rica the branches are employed for decorating the interiors of houses and
churches. The leaves and fruit are reputed to be poisonous.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 555
2. Trichilia oligantha C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 693. 1878.
Mexico, without locality.
Branchlets villosulous; leaflets 9, the blades lance-oblong, the larger 10 ecm.
long, 35 cm. wide, short-cuspidate, glabrous above except on costa, beneath
softly pubescent; panicles branched, few-flowered, densely hirtellous; calyx
teeth 4, acute; petals glabrous, 2 mm. long; anthers glabrous.
8. Trichilia parvifolia C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 159. 1907.
Sinaloa to Guerrero and Veracruz; type from Mexico, without definite
locality. Nicaragua.
Shrub, up to 4 meters high; leaflets obovate or cuneate-obovate, 2 to 4.5
em. long, emarginate, usually thick, sparsely hairy on the veins and in the
axils beneath, or subglabrous; panicles axillary, 1 em. long or less; petals 5,
glabrous, 3 mm. long; anthers glabrous; ovary and style hirsute; capsule about
6 mm. thick, pubescent, 3-seeded; seeds 4 mm. long.
This species is closely related to T. trifolia L., of Venezuela, and may not
be distinct.
_ 4. Trichilia cuneata Radlk. Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Akad. Miinchen 9: 642.
1879.
Trichilia heydeana C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 19: 3. 1894.
Chiapas. Guatemala and El Salvador; type from Guatemala.
Middle-sized tree; leaflets 7 to 11, obovate or elliptic-oblong, 5 to 15 cm.
long, obtuse to short-pointed; panicles dense, 7 to 20 cm. long, densely
fulvescent-pilosulous; calyx deeply 5-toothed, the teeth acute; petals 3.2
mm. long.
5. Trichilia oaxacana Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 58. 1918.
Known only from the type locality, Cafetal Concordia, Department Pochutla,
Oaxaca.
Leaflets 8, oval or obovate-oval, the larger 14 cm. long, 5.7 cm. wide,
obtusely acuminate, sparsely puberulous on the veins beneath; panicle 16
em. long, on a peduncle 11 cm. long; calyx 1 mm. long, the 5 teeth acute;
petals 3.5 mm. long; anthers pilose on margin; style sparsely pilose.
6. Trichilia karwinskyana C. DC. in DC. Monogr, Phan. 1: 665. 1878.
Known only from the type locality, Papantla, Veracruz.
Leaflets 18 to 15, the blades lanceolate, 7 em. long, 2.5 em. wide, mem-
branaceous, long-cuspidate, appressed-pilosulous on costa above and on nerves
beneath; panicles exceeding the petioles, densely hirtellous, the flowers
crowded; petals glabrous, acute, 4 mm. long.
7. Trichilia hirta L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1020. 1759.
Trichilia spondioides Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 20. 1760.
Trichilia schiedeana var. purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4:
274. 1912.
General nearly throughout Mexico. Central and South America; West
Indies; type from Jamaica.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 20 meters high; leaflets 11 to 21, the blades lance-
ovate or elliptic, 2.5 to 8 em. long, pilose along the veins, especially beneath,
or glabrescent; panicles 3 to 13 cm. long; petals 4 mm. long, sparsely pubes-
cent dorsally or subglabrous; capsules essentially glabrous, about 15 mm. thick;
seeds 3, subglobose, 6 mm. thick. “ Garbancillo” (Sonora); “ xkulinsis”
(Yucatin) ; “cabo de hacha” (Oaxaca, Cuba, Porto Rico); ‘“ mata-piojo”
(Nicaragua) ; “ jubaban,” “ guabin” (Cuba) ; “ guaita,” “ jobillo,” ‘ molinillo,”
“palo de Anastasio,” “ retamo” (Porto Rico).
556 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The compact, yellowish or brownish wood is used for carpentry and for
making canoes, carts, and other articles. The root is said to have strong
purgative properties.
8. Trichilia arborea C. DC. Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 5: 426. 1905.
Yueatéin. Costa Rica and Nicaragua; type from Nicoya, Costa Rica.
Tree, 15 to 20 meters high; leaflets 11, ovate to oblong, 3.5 to 6 em. long,
glabrate or puberulous above, short-pubescent on veins and surface beneath;
panicles several, short, corymbed at apex of branches; petals 4.8 mm. long;
style pubescent. ‘‘ Choben-ché” (Yucatén, Maya).
This has been reported from Yucatin as TJ. terminalis Jacq. The bark is
used there as a remedy for fevers.
9. Trichilia pringlei Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 50. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Shrub or tree, 4 to 9 meters high; leaflets 15, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 5 to 7
cm. long, sparsely appressed-pubescent on both sides at maturity, obtusely
acuminate; panicles (including peduncle) 15 to 20 cm. long, much shorter
than leaves; petals glabrous, 5 to 5.8 mm. long; style glabrous; capsule densely
fulvescent-pubescent, about 17 mm. thick.
10. Trichilia pavoniana ©. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 154. 1907.
Mexico, without locality.
Leaflets 18, elliptic, 2 to 5 em. long, obtusely short-acuminate, appressed-
hirtellous above, densely so beneath; panicles about equaling the leaves; calyx
teeth 5, rounded, ciliolate; petals glabrous, 6 mm. long; style glabrous.
11. Trichilia colimana C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 19: 40. 1894.
Trichilia langlassei* C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 160. 1907.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Colima.
Shrub or tree; leaflets 9 to 18, lanceolate to cvate or obovate-oval, the larger
5 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 4.5 em. wide, sparsely or rather densely pilosulous or
pilose on both sides, acuminate; panicles much shorter than leaves or equaling
them, sparsely pilosulous; calyx ciliolate; petals 4 or 5; capsules 1 to 1.5 em.
thick, pubescent with short whitish hairs; seeds subglobose, 6 mm. thick.
12. Trichilia wawrana C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 666. 1878.
Known only from the type locality, ‘‘ Passo-Majo,” Mexico.
Leaflets 13 to 15, lanceolate, the larger 3.5 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, obtusely
cuspidate, appressed-pilose on both sides chiefly on the veins, ciliate; panicles
half as long as the leaves; calyx puberulous; style glabrous above.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
TRICHILIA PALLIDA Swartz. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 67. 1788. This West Indian
species is listed by Hemsley? from Mexico on the authority of Grisebach, but
the record is very doubtful.
TRICHILIA PALMERI C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 19: 39. 1894.
Known only frcm the type locality, Armeria, Colima.
Petioles 1 to 2 cm. long; leaflets 3, narrowly obovate or elliptic, 2.8 to 6 em.
long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide, petiolulate, cbtusely acuminate or short-pointed,
*Named fcr Eugéne Langlassé, who made a large collection of plants in 1898
and 1899 in the states of Michoican and Guerrero. A set of the plants is in
the U. S. National Herbarium.
* Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 183. 1879.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 557
glabrous above, densely spreading-pilosulous on the veins beneath and sparsely
so on surface; flowers unknown; capsule glabrous, about 6 mm. thick; seeds
4 mm. long.
Distinguished from T'richilia parvifolia C. DC., the only other Mexican
species with 3-foliolate leaves, by the shape and pubescence of the leaflets.
TRICHILIA SCHIEDEANA C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 664. 1878. Closely
allied to Trichilia karwinskyana C. DC. and T. hirta L. No specimens have been
examined, and the status of the species is uncertain. Type from Veracruz.
3. GUAREA Allem.; L. Mant. Pl. 2: 150. 1771.
REFERENCE: C. De Candolle in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 542-579. 1878.
Leaves abruptly pinnate; panicles axillary, sometimes borne on the older
wood; calyx 4 or 5-tcothed, rarely 5-sepaled; petals 4 or 5; filaments connate
into a denticulate tube, the sessile anthers borne inside the tube at apex; ovary
4 or 5-celled ; seeds usually large, pseudo-arillate by the separable inner pericarp.
Guarea trichilioides L., a West Indian species which has been reported incor-
rectly from Mexico, is said to have poisonous juice, which acts as a violent
emetic and purgative. The following names have been reported from Mexico
for plants of the genus whose specific identity is doubtful: “ Guaraguao”;
“cedrillo cimarr6n”’ (Tabasco) ; “ trementino”’ (Tabasco).
Ovary more or less pubescent.
Leaflets 1 to 3 pairs; petals 4, 6 mm. long or less; ovary 4-celled, the ovules
solitary.
Panicles about equaling the leaves_____-_________________ 1. G. rovirosae.
Panicles much shorter than the leaves.
Ovary densely strigose throughout; style sparsely strigose, longer than
(OEE Oy St ee eee aie anaes eae Ramee oe le eRe C= cera! 2. G. chiapensis.
Ovary sparsely strigose near apex; style glabrous, equaling ovary or
SHOT CC Te = ee ee Re ee A aE ee EO lla. G. excelsa dubia,
Leaflets 5 pairs or more; petals 5, 10 mm. long; ovary 5-celled, the cells
PON EDU pao i tee OM, agp Le NII RS ok GR Mid Bs 3. G. chichon.
Ovary glabrous.
Panicles about equaling the leaves or longer.
Panicles, calyx, and pétals' glabrous#_ 25") _ #2 =i eens 4. G. filiformis.
Panicles, calyx, and petals more or less densely strigillose.
Petals 6 mm. long; style about 2.5 mm. long, slender, distinctly longer
thanntheto vary seet — etes t ee eth ea 5. G. tuerckheimi.,
Petals 3.8 to 4 mm. long; style 1 mm. long or less, equaling or shorter
than the ovary.
Panicles nearly glabrous; leaflets of the larger leaves lance-elliptic,
acuminate to an obtuse apex, 4 times as long as wide or more.
6. G. polyantha.
Panicles rather densely strigillose; leaflets of the larger leaves oblong-
obovate, obtusely short-pointed, less than 3 times as long as wide.
7. G. heterophylla.
Panicles much shorter than the leaves.
Petals glabrous; petioles 6 em. long_____-__-_______- 8. G. brachystachya,
Petals puberulous or ciliolate; petioles 1.8 to 4.3 cm. long.
IECAI SO cope OL one ee ea coe eee ee rn Se Ree ee 9. G. obtusata.
Petals 3 to 4.7 mm. long.
Bealls imereliy cibi@ latest beatae ee ey ek ees Ne ee: 10. G. makrinii.
Petals strigillose or pilosulous outside.
Gynophore sola OMS see Olas ed 1p ene sb ea rene Se 11. G. excelsa.
Gynophere= puberulous. 23 = a ee 12. G. virescens.
558 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Guarea rovirosae C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 145. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, near Atasta, Tabasco.
Leaflets lance-elliptic, 11 cm. long, acuminate; ovary sparsely pilosulous,
4-celled, the cells 1-ovulate; petals 4, pilosulous, 6 mm. long; style glabrous.
2. Guarea chiapensis Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 116. 1921.
Known only from the type locality, Finca Irlanda, Chiapas.
Leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 10 to 16 em. long, short-pointed,
sparsely strigillose on the veins beneath, not tufted in the axils; panicles 5 cm.
long; petals densely strigillose, 5.8 mm. long.
8. Guarea chichon C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 147. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, near Atasta, Tabasco.
Leaflets oblong-elliptic, up to 23 em. long, very short-attenuate; panicles
about equaling the leaves; ovary and style densely hirsute. ‘‘Chichén de
montafia.”
4. Guarea filiformis C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 566. 1878.
Guarea filiformis B pallida C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 566. 1878.
Guarea filiformis y cinerascens C. DC. in DC. Monogr, Phan, 1: 567. 1878.
Morelos and Oaxaca. Nicaragua and Peru; type from Peru.
Leaflets 3 pairs, oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 18.5 em. long, 5 cm. wide,
obtusely cuspidate, glabrous; calyx teeth obtuse; petals 4 mm. long.
5. Guarea tuerckheimi C. DC.; Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 33: 250. 1902.
Veracruz. Guatemala; type from Cubilquitz.
Leaflets 2 to 8 pairs, obovate-oblong or oval-oblong, the larger 15 cm. long,
short-acuminate with obtuse apex; panicles loose, broad, 9.5 to 25 cm. long;
petals sparsely strigillose above.
6. Guerea polyantha Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 117. 1921.
Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Large shrub; leaflets 2 to 5 pairs, those of the larger leaves 12.5 to 19 cm.
long, 3 to 4.7 em. wide, acuminate to an obtuse apex; panicles much branched,
10 to 24 em. long; petals nearly glabrous, 3.8 mm. long; flowers with odor of
honey. “ Cedrillo.”
7. Guarea heterophylla Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 116. 1921.
Known only from the type locality, Pinotepa, Oaxaca.
Leaflets 1 to 5 pairs, those of the larger leaves 9 to 12.5 em. long, 3.8 to 5
em. wide, obscurely and obtusely short-pointed; panicles remotely branched,
7.5 to 14 em. long; petals strigillose above, 4 mm. long.
8. Guarea brachystachya DC. Prodr. 1: 624. 1824.
Mexico (?).
Leaflets ovate, subacuminate, 9 cm. long or Jess; panicles spiciform, about
6 em. long; calyx teeth 4, obtuse; petals 4.
9. Guarea obtusata Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 118. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, Cafetal Concordia, Cerro Espino, Oaxaca.
Leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, ellipticoblong or obovate-oblong, 9 to 17 cm. long,
broadly rounded at apex, barbate beneath in the axils; panicles about 4 cm.
long; flowers very fragrant; petals 4 or 5, papillose-puberulous outside; ovary
4-celled, the ovules solitary; fruit subglobose, 2.7 cm. long; seeds 1.5 cm. long.
10. Guarea makrinii Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 57. 1918.
Known only from the type locality, Cafetal Concordia, Cerro Espino, Oaxaca.
Leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, oval or obovate-oval, the larger 9 to 10.5 cm. long, obtuse,
barbate in the axils beneath; panicles 2.5 to 3.5 em. long; petals 4 mm. long.
“Ocotillo blanco.”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXIGO. 559
11. Guarea excelsa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 227. 1825.
Tepic to Guerrero; type collected near La Venta de Acaguisotla, between
Acapulco and Zumpango, Guerrero.
Tall tree; leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, elliptic-oblong to oblong, 8 to 16 cm. long,
obtuse to short-pointed; panicles 6.5 cm. long or less, narrow; petals sparsely
strigillose, 4 mm. long; capsules subglobose, 1.5 cm. thick, 4-seeded.
Wrongly referred by Casimir De Candolle to Guarea humilis Bert., a West
Indian species.
lla. Guarea excelsa dubia Biake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 84: 116. 1921.
Known only from the type locality, Maria Madre Island, Tepic.
Ovary sparsely strigose; capsule strigillose.
12. Guarea virescens C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 140. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, banks of the Rio Coyaquilla, Michoacin
or Guerrero.
Tree, 15 meters high; leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, elliptic to obovate-oblong, short-
acuminate, 11 to 21 cm. long, 6 to 8.5 cm. wide; petals 4, acute, appressed-
pilosulous; staminal tube appressed-pilosulous above; gynophore puberulous;
ovary 4-celled, the cells 1-ovulate.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
GUAREA GLABRESCENS (Hook. & Arn.) Blake.
Sapindus glabrescens Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 281. 1836-1840.
Guarca fulva B mexicana C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 575. 1878.
Mexico.
Leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, about 11 cm. long, beneath subvillous
over whole surface when young, in age only along the veins; inflorescence
paniculate; capsule subtrigonous, scarcely lobed, about 1 cm. long, often by
abortion 2-celled.
GUAREA HIRSUTA C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 578. 1878.
Described by De Candolle from “ New Spain” and listed by Hemsley, but a
later collection shows it to be a South American species.*
GUAREA PALMERI Rose; C. DC. Bot. Gaz. 19: 39. 1894.
Colima; type from Manzanillo. Guatemala; El Salvador.
Tree, 5 meters high; leaflets 2 to 6 pairs, oblong or obovate-lanceolate, 12 cm.
long, 4 cm. wide, pilose in the axils beneath; panicles racemiform; sepals 4,
obtuse; ovary glabrous; capsule subglobose, 4-celled, 2 cm. long.
4. SWIETENIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 4. 1760.
REFERENCES: Rolfe, Kew Bull. 1919: 201-207. 1919; Blake, Journ. Washing-
ton Acad. Sci. 10: 286-297. f. 1, 2. 1920.
Trees with hard and heavy, red wood; leaves abruptly pinnate or rarely
odd-pinnate; flowers paniculate; calyx 5-lebed, the lobes semicircular or deltoid;
petals 5, oval; staminal tube 10-toothed, the anthers borne inside the tube at
apex; disk crenulate; ovary 5-celled; fruit a capsule, the seeds about 12 in
each cell, with a terminal wing.
The trees of this genus are well known under the name of mahogany, and
they are highly valued for their handsome, hard, heavy wood, which is much
used for making fine furniture and the interior finish of houses. It should be
noted, however, that not all the mahogany of commerce is derived from species
of Siietenia; indeed, some of it is obtained from trees which have no rela-
tionship with the family Meliaceae.
*See C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 10: 150. 1907.
560 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The first species of the genus to be described was Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.,
a West Indian plant which is not known to occur in Mexico, although it has
often been reported from the region. All the species are closely related and
presumably have similar properties.
A large amount of mahogany wood is exported from Mexico, especially from
Yucatéin and other coastal states (that from Yucatén is probably S. macrophylla).
The trees grow rapidly and sometimes form extensive pure stands. The wood
is used locally for furniture, for canoes, and for various other purposes.
A gum frequently exudes from the trunk. The bark is said to be bitter and
to have astringent, tonic, and febrifuge properties. The juice of the young
shoots has been employed in Cuba to heal wounds and to stop hemorrhages.
The oil from the seeds (‘‘ pepitos de zopilote’’) was used by the Aztecs as a
cosmetic, and is now sometimes used in making toilet soaps.
The following names are or have been in use in Mexico for species of the
genus: ‘“‘Caoba,” “ caobo” (Guerrero, Tabasco, Yucatén, Oaxaca; the word
probably of Carib origin) ; “‘cébano” (Colima, Guerrero) ; “ zopilo-zontecoma-
cuahuitl” (Nahuatl, “ buzzard-head-tree,” in allusion to the fact that the fruits
with their curved stalks, when hanging on the trees resemble buzzard heads, as
viewed from a short distance); ‘“ zopilote”; “ tzopilotl”; ‘“ zopilocuahuitl ” ;
“zopilotl”; ‘“rosadillo” (Guerrero, Tabasco, Yucatén); “palo zopilote”’
(Oaxaca, Conzatti).
One of the species of Swietenia is described by Hernandez’ in a chapter
headed “ De Tzopilotlzonte Comatl, seu Capite Aurae.”
Leaflets subsessile; seeds light brown.
Leatiets, 5. to 9 em. long. O:8)to os ems wides-- 1. S. humilis.
MeaietsS:) tO 14cm. longo t0.5 Cm. Witsoe === 2. S. cirrhata.
Leaflets distinctly petioluled; seeds dark chestnut-brown___8. S. macrophylla.
1. Swietenia humilis Zuce. Abh. Akad. Muench. 2: 355. pl. 7. 1835-86.
Michoacin to Chiapas; type collected near Tehuantepec, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Tree, up to 10 meters high; leaflets 2 to 5 pairs, elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic-
ovate, glabrous; petals white, 5 mm. long; capsule 15 to 20 em. long, 10 to
12 cm. thick, umbonate at apex; seeds 6 to 9 em. long. ‘ Cébano” (Guerrero,
Michoacin, Oaxaca); ‘flor de venadillo” (Tepic); “‘caoba” (Chiapas) ;
“gateado” (Oaxaca).
The seeds are said to be very poisonous. The seeds of a Swietenia supposed
to belong to this species are sold by Indian peddlers in Tepic and used to make
a tea which is taken for pains in the chest. The wood of this species is not
known to be exported in any quantity.
2. Swietenia cirrhata Blake, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 10: 292. f. 2,b. 1920.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca, less coastal than the preceding species; type from La
Salada, Michoacén. El Salvador.
Tree, up to 15 meters high; leaflets 3 to 6 pairs, usually with a long filiform
twisted cusp at apex. ‘“ Venadillo,” “‘ caoba” (Sinaloa).
The wood is much used in carpentry (Sinaloa).
3. Swietenia macrophylla King in Hook. Icon. Pl. 16: pl. 1550. 1886.
Tabasco and Chiapas. Honduras and Guatemala, and perhaps farther south;
type supposed to be from Honduras.
Tree; leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, on petiolules 1.5 to 7 mm. long, the blades elliptic
to oblong, 6 to 18 em. long, 2 to 7 em. wide; petals 4 mm. long; capsule ovoid,
15 em. long, 7.5 ecm. thick, subacutely umbonate; seeds 7.5 to 10 cm. long.
“Caoba”’ (Guatemala, Honduras).
+Thesaurus 94. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 561
This species, the ‘‘ Honduras mahogany,” is the most important in the genus
commercially at the present time.
5. CEDRELA IL. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 940, 1759.
REFERENCES: C. De Candolle in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 735-747. 1878; Rose,
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 189-191. 1899; C. De Candolle, Ann. Cons. Jard.
Genéve 10: 168. 1907.
Leaves abruptly pinnate, the leaflets entire; flowers panicled; calyx teeth 5;
petals 5, connate below with the disk; ovary and stamens borne on a columnar
disk longer than the ovary; stamens 5, the filaments free; ovary 5-celled, the
cells 8 to 12-ovuled; fruit a 5-valved capsule; seeds with a terminal wing.
The species of Spanish cedar are widely distributed in Mexico. They are
large treeS with light coarse soft wood, which is widely employed for making
cigar boxes. The wood is distinctive in appearance and has a characteristic
odor. Large amounts of it are exported from Mexico, chiefly for making cigar
boxes, and it has been employed locally for canoes, shingles, interior finish of
houses, doors, sugar casks, rafters, and other purposes. The trees grow rapidly
_ and sometimes form pure stands. The root bark is very bitter and has been em-
ployed for treating fevers and epilepsy. A decoction of the leaves is held in the
mouth to relieve toothache. A resin which exudes from the trunk is used for
affections of the chest. The seeds are reputed to have vermifuge properties.
The usual name for these trees in Mexico is “ cedro.” The following additional
names are reported, but it is impossible to decide to what species they belong:
“ Kuché,” “kulché” (Yucatén, Maya) ; “ cedro colorado”? (Oaxaca, Veracruz) ;
“cedro chino”; ‘cedro liso”; ‘“cedro macho” (Oaxaca); ‘cedro de la
Habana”; “calicedra’”’; ‘“‘cedro fino” (Veracruz, Oaxaca); ‘“ cedro oloreso”
(Oaxaca) ; “ cobano”’ (Oaxaca) ; “ cedro hembra.”
Cedrela odorata L., a West Indian species, has been reported frequently from
Mexico, but is not known to occur in the region. It is to this species that
Oviedo (Lib. IX, Cap. VII) refers, in what is probably the first account of
Spanish cedar: “‘In Hispaniola and other islands and on the mainland there
are certain trees which, because they have a pleasant odor, the Christians call
cedro; in truth I do not believe they are cedars, but because the wood has a
better odor than that of other trees, our carpenters have given it this name.
It is an easily worked wood, good for making chests and door and window trim-
mings and for other purposes, and it is a wood not much attacked by worms;
for this reason some say that it is never attacked by worms, but they are
much mistaken, for it has often been proved that it does suffer in this respect
like other woods; although to the tongue it seems more bitter than other woods,
the taste of a worm and that of a man are not the same thing.”
Leaflets broadly oval to suborbicular, broadly rounded or obtuse at apex, nearly
ELS TSO GEN SP OTN Sa ae hc ee na en Se ee 1. C. rotunda.
Leaflets lanceolate to oblong, acuminate or acute, much longer than broad.
Petiolules 4 mm. long or less.
Leaflets very densely and finely canescent-pilosulous beneath, glabrous
above; corolla 8 to 9 mm. long; anthers not apiculate___-2. C. discolor.
Leaflets sparsely or rather densely cinereous-pilosulous or green beneath,
at least the costa puberulous above; corollas 5 to 6 mm. long; anthers
minutely apiculate.
Leaves sparsely pilosulous beneath, chiefly on the primary and secondary
VEINS; -ecapSuler?:2sto-2-oncm. Wong sss ee 3. C. saxatilis.
Leaves rather densely pilosulous beneath, on the surface as well as the
yeins;capsule, 3:5 to Avemlongie. 6.6 fo 4. C. oaxacensis.
7808—23—4
562 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Petiolules 5 to 15 mm. long.
Sepals obtuse; rachis and both sides of leaflets glabrous.
5. C. angustifolia,
Sepals acute or acutish; rachis and lower surface of leaflets usually pu-
berulous or pilosulous.
Leaflets conspicuously ciliolate.
Capsule 2.5 em. long; leaflets acute at base_____________ 6. C. dugesii.
Capsule 4 to 4.8 cm. long; leaflets mostly broadly rounded or sub-
cordate ‘tt base ie ws Seis A eit ee eee 7. C. ciliolata.
Leaflets obscurely or not at all ciliolate.
Anthers apiculate. Petals 8 mm. long______________ 8. C. mexicana.
Anthers not apiculate.
Petals 6 mm. long; filaments glabrous____--____ 9. C. o¢cidentalis.
Petals 8 to 9 mm. long; filaments sparsely pilose__10. C. yucatana.
1. Cedrela rotunda Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 338: 109. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, vicinity of Villa Union, Sinaloa.
Leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, 4 to 11 em. long, 4.5 to 9 cm. wide, papery, glabrescent
above, densely and softly griseous-pilosulous beneath; petiolules 3 to 4 mm,
long; capsules 2.2 to 2.5 cm. long.
2. Cedrela discolor Blake, Proc. Biol. Sce. Washington 33: 108. 1920.
Known only from the type locality, San Ramon, Durango.
Leaflets 8 pairs, ovate to oblong or elliptic-oblong, the larger 18 to 17 cm.
long, 3.5 to 4.3 em. wide, shining above; panicles large, densely flowered, the
flowers subsessile rufidulous-pilosulous.
8. Cedrela saxatilis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 314. 1905.
Morelos and Oaxaca; type collected near Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Tree, 7 meters high; leaflets 5 to 8 pairs, oblong or ovate-oblong, the larger
15 cm. long, 5 to 6.3 cm. wide; panicles large, with spreading or deflexed
branches.
4. Cedrela oaxacensis C. DC. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 190. 1899.
Cedrela montana var. mexicana C. DC. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 741, 1878.
Oaxaca.
Small tree; leaflets 6 or 7 pairs, oblong, 5 to 11 cm. long, 3 to 4.3 em. wide;
panicles large, with spreading or deflexed branches; capsules 3.5 to 4 cm. long.
5. Cedrela angustifolia DC. Prodr. 1: 624. 1824.
Mexico, without definite locality. Reported also from Peru, but this record
is very doubtful.
Leaflets 8 to 10 pairs, long-petiolulate, narrowly ovate-oblong, 11.5 cm. long,
2.8 cm. wide, glabrous on both sides, acute at base; panicles large; flowers
subsessile; calyx teeth obtuse.
6. Cedrela dugesii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 190. 1883.
Guanajuato; type from Guanajuato.
Large tree; leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, ovate or lance-ovate, the larger 9 to 13.5
em. long, 2.5 to 4.8 em. wide, caudate-attenuate, sparsely pilosulous or
glabrescent and gland-dotted beneath; petiolules 7 to 15 mm. long; panicles
dense; corolla 7 mm. long. ‘“‘ Nogal cimarron,” “ cedro.”
7. Cedrela ciliolata Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 115. 1921.
Known only from the type locality, Rincén, near Morelia, Michoacan.
Leaflets 3 to 5 pairs, ovate or oblong-ovate, the larger 9 to 12.5 cm. long,
3.3 to 5 em. wide, caudate-acuminate, pilosulous on the veins beneath or
glabrescent; petiolules 9 to 15 mm. long. ‘“ Nogal corriente.”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 563
8. Cedrela mexicana M. Roemer, Fam. Nat. Syn. 1: 137. 1846.
Cedrela glaziovii C. DC. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 11*: 224. pl. 65. f. 1. 1878.
Puebla and Tepic; type from Papantla, Veracruz. Ranging southward to
Brazil.
Tree ; leaflets about 8 pairs, ovate-oblong or cblong, 8 to 11 cm. long, 3 to 3.5
em. wide, somewhat puberulent beneath or glabrate; petiolules 5 to 11 mm. long;
flowers 8 mm. long; capsules 2.5 to 4 cm. long. ‘“ Cedro” (Veracruz).
9. Cedrela occidentalis C. DC. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb 5:190. 1899.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Acaponeta, Tepic.
Tree, up to 20 meters high; leaflets 6 to 20 pairs, oblong, the larger 9 to 17
em. long, 4 to 5 em. wide, densely puberulous or glabrate beneath; petioles
mostly 7 to 10 mm. long; capsule 2.5 to 4 cm. long. ‘‘Cedro” (Sinaloa).
10. Cedrela yucatana Blake, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington 33: 110. 1920.
Veracruz to Yucatén; type from Mérida, Yueatin.
Tree, about 12 meters high; leaflets usually 6 to 8 pairs, ovate to lance-
oblong, the larger 6.5 to 13 cm. Jong, 2 to 4 cm. wide, incurved-puberulous be-
neath on whole surface or only on the veins; petiolules 5 to 10 mm, long;
capsule 3.5 cm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CEDRELA ALTERNIFOLIA (Mill.) Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 1. 170. 1821. Cedrus alter-
nifolia Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cedrus no. 3. 1768. Said to have simple
cordate leaves, and probably not a member of the family. Described from
Campeche.
74. MALPIGHIACEAE. Malpighia Family.
REFERENCE: Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 117-171. 1910.
Shrubs or trees, often scandent; leaves usually opposite, stipulate, entire,
dentate, or lobate, often with glands on the margin or lower surface; flowers
usually perfect and showy, variously arranged, cleistogamous flowers often pres-
ent; sepals 5, usually glanduliferous; petals 5, clawed; stamens 5 or 10;
fruit drupaceous, nutlike, capsular, or of 1 to 3 samaras.
Fruit a capsule or drupe, never bristly; receptacle flat or depressed.
HUG ary. Separating Into os: CALpels= = 4 aes ta ee 4. THRYALLIS.
Fruit a fleshy drupe, not separating.
Styles wich slender acute tips_______ eat Suh. ha Sta bel to 1. BYRSONIMA.
Styles with thickened, obtuse or truncate tips.
Styles pai stinet:.gs ree Ake ee es 2. MALPIGHIA.
SEV Les cm G iss oa hae See gee Leh Pe aay ae es Pas 3. BUNCHOSIA.
Fruit of winged samaras or nutlike, or densely bristly; receptacle usually
pyramidal.
Fruit densely bristly.
Filaments glabrous; stigma bilobate_____________-____ 5. LASIOCARPUS.
Filaments pubescent; stigma entire________________ 6. ECHINOPTERYS.
Fruit not bristly, usually of samaras, sometimes nutlike.
Samaras with lateral wings, these distinct or united.
Anther-bearing stamens 8 or 5.
Normal flowers with 5 fertile stamens and styles___7. ROSANTHUS.
Normal flowers with 5 fertile stamens and 1 style, or with 3 fertile
Stamensvand2 or Sistyles2- Be et 8. GAUDICHAUDIA.
Anther-bearing stamens 10. {
Lateral samara wings lobed to the base__________ 9. TETRAPTERIS.
Lateral wings not lobed.
Stipules borne on the petiole above the base________ 10. HIRAEA.
Stipules borne at the base of the petiole_________ 11. MASCAGNIA.
564 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Samaras with a single dorsal wing, this sometimes reduced to a keel or
beak.
Style 1; stamens 5 or 6.
SaMNarais' swilGege = a a ek eS 12. JANUSIA.
Samaras merely keeled, nutlike-__________________ 13. ASPICARPA.
Styles 3; stamens 10.
Seismasaclavate on truncate ses ee 14. BANISTERIOPSIS.
Stigmas borne on the dilated thin style tips.
Samara wings thickened along the dorsal (outer) edge
15. BANISTERIA.
Samara wings thickened along the ventral (inner) edge.
16. STIGMAPHYLLON.
1. BYRSONIMA L. Rich.; Juss. Ann. Mus. Paris 18: 481. 1811.
Byrsonima spicata (Cay.) DC. is reported from Mexico by Small, but the
writer has seen no specimens referable to it.
1. Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) DC. Prodr. 1: 579. 1824.
Malpighia crassifolia L. Sp. Pl. 126. 1753.
Byrsonima cotinifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 152. pl. 447. 1822.
Byrsonima oaxacana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 882. 1840.
syrsonina karwinskiana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II 13: 3338. 1840.
Sinaloa to Chiapas and Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, and north-
ern South America.
Erect shrub or tree, 2 to 9 meters high; leaves oblong to ovate or rounded-
elliptic, mostly 4 to 15 em. long, short-petiolate, acute to rounded at apex,
densely tomentose when young with reddish or whitish hairs, often glabrate
in age; flowers yellow or reddish; fruit a yellow drupe, about 1 em. in
diameter. Most generally known as “nance,” ‘‘nanche,” or “nanechi’; “ chi”
(Yucatan, Maya); “nananche” (Alcocer); ‘‘nanche de perro,” “ nanzin-
quahuitl ” (Ramirez); “changugo” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; ‘“ nantzinxocotl”
(Urbina) ; “nance agrio” (Guerrero, Tabasco) ; “ nancite’ (Costa Rica, El
Salvador, Nicaragua); “mance verde” (El Salvador); “yuco,” “ nanci,”
“ chaparro,” “ peralejo” (Columbia).
Small recoguized B. oaracana and B. karwinskiana as distinet species, but
the characters by which they are supposed to be distinguishable seem not to
hold in the material examined by the writer.
The plant is much cultivated in Mexico and Central America for its acid
edible fruit. This is usually eaten raw, but is sometimes cooked, and is
used also for preparing a beverage similar to lemonade. In some localities
it has been fermented to produce an alcoholic drink. The wood, which is said
to be reddish and to have a specific gravity of about 0.67, is employed in
various ways. The bark is used for tanning and dyeing, and is said, in addi-
tion, to yield a strong fiber. The plant is astringent, and various parts hav.
been used in domestic medicine for fevers, colds, and snake bites.
2. MALPIGHIA L. Sp. Pl. 425. 1753.
Erect shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite, entire in the Mexican species,
flowers in short axillary cymes; calyx with 6 to 10 glands; petals variously
dentate; fruit a drupe, usually red.
Malpighia urens L., a West Indian species, has been reported from Mexico,
probably erroneously. The following vernacular names are reported for it,
but it is not certain that they apply even to a plant of this genus: “Ahualt-
zocotl,” “ ahualzocotique,” ‘palo bronco.”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 56a
Leaves and branchlets tomentose, at least when young.
weaves-cordate at Daseseawees eyes es
Leaves rounded to acute at base.
Cymes pedunculate; leaves conspicuously petiolate____~_~ 2. Ii. mexicana.
Cymes and leaves sessile or TCU AS Om are ee ee 3. M. subglabrata.
Leaves and branchlets sericeous, strigose, or glabrous.
Styles unequal, the 2 posterior ones longer and thicker than the anterior one.
Leaves acute or acuminate; stamens opposite the lateral petals much
stouter than the others and longer than those opposite the sepals.
4, M. incana.
Leaves rounded or obtuse at apex; stamens opposite the lateral petals
not longer than those opposite the sepals.
Wie oetorG enim Wwides fs Sees see ae ee eee 5. M. umbellata.
Brurt 10! to 22 mm wide: = 222 es" ee ee eee WM PUICILOlLA.
Styles nearly equal, or the anterior one slightly longer than the posterior
ones.
Leaves, at least most of them, obtuse or rounded at apex.
Styles unequal, the anterior one longer than the posterior one; anterior
ak palierh tee) Miticordata:
petals longer than the posterior one____________ 7. M. heterophylla.
Styles subequal; anterior petals smaller than the posterior one.
Larger petal siGxto(anms long 4. ean! ated eats 8. M. galeottiana.
larger, petals:9 to <0 -:mmsjong 6 tats cee IP a os 9. M. diversifolia.
Leaves acute or acuminate.
Sepalsibarpaces calyx with O olan gos a ee 10. M. ovata.
Sepals not barbate; calyx with 6 to § glands_____________ 11. M. glabra.
1. Malpighia cordata Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 154. 1910.
Jalisco and Morelos; type from Zacoalco, Jalisco.
Shrub, densely tomentose; leaves rounded-ovate, 3 to 6 cm, long, obtuse or
acute; larger petals 9 to 11 mm. long; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter.
2. Malpighia mexicana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. Il. 18: 337. 1840.
Bunchosia guadalajarensis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 401. 1887.
Malpighia oaracana Niedenzu; Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 544. 1894.
Durango to Oaxaca and Morelos.
Erect shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high; leaves oval to ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long,
obtuse or acute, usually densely tomentose beneath; flowers purple or
purplish, 1.5 to 2 em. wide; fruit red, about 1 cm. in diameter. ‘‘ Nanche”
(Oaxaca); “manzanito” (Jalisco).
3. Malpighia subglabrata (Niedenzu) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 154. 1910.
Malpighia mexicana subglabrata Niedenzu, Gen. Malp. 4. 1889.
Known only from the type locality, San Agustin.
Leaves ovate, 2.5 to T cm. long, obtuse, glabrate; fruit red, 1 cm. long.
4, Malpighia incana Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Malpighia no. 8. 1768.
Malpighia campechiensis Lam. Encycl. 4: 388. 1797.
Yucatin and Campeche; type from Campeche. Cuba.
Leaves oblong or lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, pubescent, especially beneath,
snort-petiolate; flowers purple, 1.5 cm. wide; fruit 8 mm. in diameter,
5. Malpighia umbellata Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 310. 1895.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Agiabampo, Sonora.
Much-branched shrub, 2.5 meters high; leaves oblong or obovate, 1.5 to 3.5
em. long, glabrate; fruit red, edible. ‘‘Mora de campo.”
566 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Malpighia punicifolia L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 609. 1762.
Yucatan. West Indies and northern South America.
Leaves oblong to oval, 1.5 to 7 cm. long, glabrous in age, short-petiolate;
flowers pink or violet, 1.5 to 2 cm. broad; fruit red. “Cerezo,” ‘“cerezero”
(Cuba).
The fruit is edible and has an agreeable flavor. In the West Indies it is
much eaten, and is used for jellies and tarts. The bark is reported to yield
a red dye.
7. Malpighia heterophylla Griseb. Linnaea 22: 2. 1849.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known but probably in Veracruz.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 10 cm. long, glabrate; corolla 1.5 em. wide.
8. Malpighia galeottiana Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 261. 1844.
Puebla and Oaxaca; reported from San Luis Potosi; type from mountains
of Oaxaca.
Shrub or tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves oval, oblong, or ovate, 1 to 3 em.
long, short-petiolate, bright green, glabrate; flowers pink or white, 1.5 cm.
wide; fruit red, 1 cm. in diameter.
9. Malpighia diversifolia T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 104. 1901.
Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Shrub, 2 to 2.5 meters high; leaves suborbicular to ovate or obovate, 2 to 4
em. long, glabrate in age; flowers pink, 2 em. wide; fruit red, 1 cm. in diameter,
edible. ‘* Manzana,” ‘‘ manzanita.”
10. Malpighia ovata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 310. 1895.
Bunchosia parvifolia S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 24: 42. 1889. Not Malpighia
parvifolia Juss. 1844.
Malpighia watsoni Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 310. 1895.
Sonora to Oaxaca; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 1 to 6 em. long,
glabrate; flowers pink, 1 to 1.8 cm. wide; fruit red, 8 to 9 mm. long.
11. Malpighia glabra L. Sp. Pl. 425. 1753.
Nuevo Leén and Tamaulipas to Tabasco and Yucataén. Southern Texas, Cen-
tral America, West Indies, and northern South America; type from Jamaica.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves mostly ovate, 2.5 to 9 em. long, glabrous or
nearly so, bright green; flowers pink, 1.5 cm. wide; fruit red. ‘‘ Escobillo”
(Tabasco) ; “manzanita” (Tamaulipas) ; “ cereza” (Sessé ¢€ Mocifo) ; “ chi”
(Yucatan, Dondé) ; “ cerezo,” “ cerezo de Jamaica,” “palo de gallina ”’ (Cuba) ;
“ Jupiter’? (Costa Rica); “cerezo de Castilla” (Panama); ‘“ arrayancito”
(Colombia) ; ‘‘ xocot,” “ xochtotl” (Nicaragua).
The fruit is edible, and the plant is sometimes cultivated. The bark is said
to be astringent and to have been used as a remedy for fevers.
38. BUNCHOSIA L. Rich.; Juss. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 18: 481 1811.
Erect shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, entire, usually short-petiolate;
flowers mostly yellow, in narrow panicles; calyx with 8 or 10 glands; petals
undulate or dentate; fruit a drupe.
Ovary and young fruit glabrous or practically so.
Leaves acute at base, glabrous; fruit 9 to 13 mm. in diameter.
1. B. glandulosa.
Leaves rounded or obtuse at base, pubescent beneath, at least when young;
fruit, 15. to,20kmms in diameter. =! 2s eee 2. B. palmeri.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 567
Ovary and young fruit copiously pubescent.
Corolla large, 18 mm. broad or larger.
Inner petal cordate, similar to the other petals____________ 3. B. strigosa.
innerupetallspatulatent weed & = it wiht cpieed oi ty es a ee 4. B. sonorensis.
Corolla small, usually 12 to 15 mm. broad.
Anther connective purple or brown______--__________-____ 5. B. lindeniana.
Anther connective yellow.
Leaves densely pubescent beneath when mature.
Leaves soon glabrate on the upper surface___________ 6. B. biocellata.
Leaves permanently and densely pubescent on the upper surface.
7. B. montana.
Leaves nearly or quite glabrous when mature.
Innermost petal with a broad suborbicular blade____8. B. lanceolata,
Innermost petal with a spatulate blade________________ 9. B. gracilis.
1. Bunchosia glandulosa (Cav.) DC. Prodr. 581. 1824.
Malpighia glandulosa Cay. Monad. Diss. 411. 1789.
Yucatan. West Indies.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves oblong, elliptic, or ovate, 3
to 10 cm. long, usually acute, glabrous, bright green; flowers yellow; fruit
bilobate, 9 to 13 mm. in diameter, red or orange. ‘ Sipché” (Yucatan, Maya) ;
“eabra hedionda ” (Santo Domingo).
2. Bunchosia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad 22: 401. 1887.
Sinaloa to Guerrero and Morelos; type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Shrub or small tree; leaves mostly oval, 8 to 17 em. long, obtuse or rounded
and short-acuminate, pale green. ‘“ Garbancillo” (Sinaloa).
3. Bunchosia strigosa Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 242. 1836.
Type from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca; no material seen by the writer.
Leaves ovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 5 to 10 em. long, obtuse or acute,
glabrate beneath.
4. Bunchosia sonorensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 94. 1891.
Dry hillsides, Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves oval to oblong, 2 to 7 em. long, obtuse
or rounded at apex, copiously pubescent; flowers yellow; fruit bilobate, red,
1.5 to 2 em. broad.
«. Bunchosia lindeniana Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 335. 1844.
Veracruz.
Leaves oblong to ovate, 8 to 15 em. long, short-acuminate, bright green, short-
petiolate; fruit 2 or 3-lobate, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter.
6. Bunchosia biocellata Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 241. 1836.
Bunchosia discolor Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 827+: 266. 1859.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 3.5 meters high; leaves mostly oval or elliptic,
5 to 13 cm. long, obtuse or acute, thin, bright green; flowers yellow.
7. Bunchosia montana Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 340. 1844.
Oaxaca; type collected near the city of Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves mostly oblong or ovate, 3 to 7 em. long,
rounded or obtuse at apex, thick, densely pubescent; fruit bilobate, 1 to 1.5 em.
in diameter, yellow.
8. Bunchosia lanceolata Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 367+: 582. 1863.
Bunchosia pringlei 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 133. 1891.
Colima (?) to Oaxaca, Veracruz, and San Luis Potosi; type from Orizaba.
568 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Slender shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, with long, often subscandent branches;
leaves mostly ovate to oblong, 5 to 15 cm. long, bright green, acute or acuminate,
often lustrous; flowers yellow; fruit bilobate, 1.5 to 2 em. broad. “ Capulin-
cillo,” “ ciruelillo,” “ zapotito de San Juan” (Veracruz, according to various
authors) ; “ zapotillo de San Juan” (Oaxaca, Reko).
Some of the specimens referred here have no flowers, and may belong
elsewhere.
8. Bunchosia gracilis Niedenzu, Bunchos. 5. 1898.
Described from Mexico. Central America.
Leaves elliptic or oblong, 6 to 15 em. long, bright green, acute or acuminate.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
BUNCHOSIA CANESCENS (Ait.) DC. Prodr. 1: 582. 1824. Malpighia canescens
Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 105. 1789. Described from cultivated plants. Reported from
Mexico by Small.
BUNCHOSIA SESSILIFOLIA DC. Prodr. 1: 582. 1824. Described from Mexico.
Probably not of this genus.
4. THRYALLIS L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 554, 1762.
Erect shrubs; leaves opposite, sessile or petiolate, entire; flowers usually
yellow, racemose; calyx glandless or with very small glands; petals entire or
dentate, persistent ; fruit a small 3-lobate capsule.
Ovary glabrous.
Wear GsySOSSil Ge a a ae St eg ee 1. T. sessilifolia.
Teaves petiolate. 0 cee /ssie me! ape ag ey ee 2. T. glauca.
Ovary pubescent.
Sepals and leaves densely silky-strigose-_--—_-- —__ = =e 3. T. vestita.
Sepals and leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Anthers about as broad as long; corolla about 1 cm. wide.
4. T. angustifolia.
Anthers twice as long as broad or longer; corolla about 2 cm. wide.
Calyx with glands outside at base.
Glands at base of the leaf blade sessile_______________ 5. T. palmeri.
Glands of the leaf blade long-stipitate_________________ 6. T. humilis.
Calyx without glands.
Branches glabrous; leaf glands sessile____-___-_______ 7. T. dasycarpa.
Branches pubescent; leaf glands stipitate___-_______ 8. T. tuberculata.
1. Thryallis sessilifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 281. 1909.
Galphimia sessilifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 313. 1895.
Oaxaca; type from hills of Las Sedas, altitude 1,800 meters.
Shrub, 0.3 to 1 meter high; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, 1.5 to 3.5 em. long,
glabrous, glaucescent; flowers yellow, tinged with red, petals about 1 cm. long.
2. Thryallis glauca (Cav.) Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 89. 1891.
Galphinvia glauca Cay. Ieon. Pl. 5: pl. 489. 1799.
Galphinia gracilis Bartl. Linnaea 18: 552. 1889.
Galphinia latifolia Bartl. Linnaea 18: 553. 1839.
Galphimia grandifiora Bartl. Linnaea 13: 554, 1839.
Galphimia paniculata Bartl. Linnaea 13: 556. 18389.
Galphinia humboldtiana Bartl. Linnaea 13: 559. 1889.
? Galphimia multicaulis Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 327. 1840. ;
Sonora to San Luis Potosi, Morelos, and Chiapas; type from Acimbaro,
Guanajuato. Central America; naturalized in the West Indies.
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 569
STANDLEY
Slender shrub, 0.5 to 4.5 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves oblong,
ovate, or oval, 1 to 6 em. long, usually obtuse or rounded at apex, more or Jess
glaucous; flowers yellow, large, in showy racemes. “ Huachicata,” “nacha-
cata,” “ vachicata”’ (Michoacin) ; “ calderona amarilla,” “ flor de diciembre ”’
(Michoacin, Guerrero); ‘“‘ramo de oro” (Jalisco) ; “palo del muerto” (Ja-
liseo, Mexico, Urbina); “hierba del piojo” (San Luis Potosi) ; “ consulita,”
“lluvia de oro” (Porto Rico); “ hierba del venado,” ‘ palo de San Vicente”’
(Sinaloa) ; “ econsulitas” (Santo Domingo).
A handsome shrub, sometimes cultivated. Small recognized 7’. multicaulis
(Juss.) Kuntze as a valid species, said to differ from TJ. glauca by its low
habit and branched inflorescence. All the material examined by the writer
appears to be conspecific. The leaves are used for healing wounds in Sinaloa.
8. Thryallis vestita (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 281. 1909.
Galphimia vestita S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 421. 1886.
Known only from the type locality, Hacienda San Miguel, southwestern
Chihuahua.
Slender shrub, about 30 cm. high; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1 to
3.5 em. long; flowers yellow.
4, Thryallis angustifolia (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl.-1: 89. 1891.
Galphinia angustifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 9. 1844.
Galphimia linifolia A. Gray, Gen. Fl. Amer. 2: 196. 1849.
Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas; type from Cape San Lucas,
Baja California. Western Texas.
Low slender shrub; leaves linear to oval, 1 to 4 em. long, acute or obtuse;
flowers yellow, becoming reddish.
5. Thryailis palmeri Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 281. 1909.
Galphimia glandulosa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 137. 1897. Not
G. glandulosa Cay. 1799.
Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub; leaves oblong to ovate, 2.5 to 6 em. long, obtuse or acute; flowers
yellow.
6. Thryallis humilis Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 280. 1909.
Tepic; type collected between Concepcidn and Acaponeta.
Low shrub; leaves ovate or elliptic, 4 to 7 em. long, obtuse or acute, glaucous
beneath ; flowers yellow.
7. Thryallis dasycarpa Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 151. 1910.
Dry hillsides, Sinaloa to Michoacin; type from Rosario, Sinalea.
Shrub, sometimes 3 meters high; leaves oblong or ovate, 1 to 9.5 em. long;
flowers yellow, becoming reddish, in long racemes.
8. Thryallis tuberculata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 281. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, between Rosario and Colomas, Sinaloa.
Leaves oblong to lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 em. long, obtuse or acute, short-petiolate ;
flowers yellow.
5. LASIOCARPUS Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 90. 1854.
1. Lasiocarpus salicifolius Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853:
91. 1854.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Rio de las Vueltas, Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves opposite, linear-oblong to oval-oblong,
2 to 6 cm. long, sericeous, especially beneath; flowers small, white, short-
racemose; fruit densely covered with very long slender purplish bristles.
570 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. ECHINOPTERYS Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8: 342. 1844
Erect or scandent shrubs; leaves alternate, entire; flowers racemose, the
petals dentate; fruit 3-lobate, densely birstly.
Leaves petiolate, mostly ovate, 1 to 8 em. long; bristles of the fruit slender,
densely pubescent S 2a Fo steer Pc ais esi Ceti Lar es 1. E. eglandulosa.
Leaves sessile or subsessile, linear-oblong, mostly less than 1 cm. long; bristles
stout; clabratesta 2. a ees De bana thei ee tN bettie 2. E. setosa.
1. Echinopterys eglandulosa (Juss.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 148. 1910.
Bunchosia eglandulosa Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 3825. 1840,
Hehinopterys lappula Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 342. 1844.
Sonora to Zacatecas, Morelos, and Oaxaca.
Slender scandent shrub; leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate, 1 to 3 em. long;
flowers yellow, the petals 6 to 10 mm. long; fruit densely bristly, purplish.
2. Echinopterys setosa T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 182. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de la Paila, Coahuila.
Densely branded shrub with white-strigose branchlets; leaves linear-oblong,
1 cm. long or shorter.
7. ROSANTHUS Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 131. 1910.
1. Rosanthus subverticillatus (Rose) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 131. 1910.
? Banisteria brevipes Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 591. 1824.
Gaudichaudia subverticillata Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 49. 1903.
Durango and Jalisco; type collected between Huejuquilla and Mexquitic,
Jalisco.
Erect shrub, 50 to 80 cm. high, copiously pubescent; leaves opposite or
ternate, oblong, 4 to 10 cm. long, obtuse and mucronate, entire; flowers yellow,
the petals 7 to 11 mm. long, denticulate; fruit of 3 samaras, these 11 to 13 mm.
long.
8. GAUDICHAUDIA H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 156. 1822.
Seandent or trailing shrubs; leaves opposite, entire, petiolate; calyx with 8
or 10 glands; petals yellow, dentate; fruit of usually 3 samaras.
Samaras V-shaped, the wings distinct at apex.
Anther-bearinerstamengro 222-5. e228 ae ee 1. G. karwinskiana.
Anther-bearing stamens 3.
Flower clusters loose; sepal glands oval________________ 2. G. schiedeana.
Flower clusters dense; sepal glands linear_____________ 3. G. confertiflora.
Samaras orbicular or obovate, the wings extending all around the body.
Anther-bearing stamens 5.
Sepals less than 5 mm. long; corolla less than 2 em. broad_4. G. pentandra.
Sepals over 5 mm. long; corolla more than 2 cm. broad.__5. G. arnottiana.
Anther-bearing stamens 3.
Leaves sessile or nearly so, narrowed to the base______ 6. G. cynanchoides.
Leaves conspicuously peticlate, more or less cordate at base.
Samaras mucronate at paseo sees. oe ee ee 7. G. mucronata.
Simaraslong-caudateat pases. 2 ae 2s ee ee eee 8. G. webbiana.
1. Gaudichaudia karwinskiana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 252. 1840.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known; specimens from Jalisco
may belong here. ;
Leaves oblong-ovate or obovate, about 2.5 em. long, pubescent on both sur-
faces.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. Bid
2. Gaudichaudia schiedeana Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 591. 1844.
? Gaudichaudia albida Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 217. 1830.
Triopteris sericea Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 248. 1836.
Gaudichaudia palineri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 421. 1885.
Janusia mexicana T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 203. 1905.
Sonora to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Malpais de Naolinco, Veracruz.
Central America.
Slender sericeous shrub; leaves oblong to ovate or oval, 2 to 5 em. long,
obtuse or rounded at base; petals 9 to 12 mm. long; samaras 1.5 to 2 ecm.
long.
8. Gaudichaudia confertiflora Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 252. 1840.
Gaudichaudia congestifiora Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 590. 1844.
Reported from Aguascalientes, and probably occurring elsewhere.
Leaves 2 to 5 em. long; petals 6 to 7 mm. long; samaras 1 to 1.4 em. long.
4. Gaudichaudia pentandra Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 252. 1840
Jalisco to Hidalgo and Puebla; type from Sultepec, Mexico.
Leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 3 to 6 em. long, densely pubescent; petals
6.5 to 7.5 mm. long; samaras 8 to 10 mm. long.
5. Gaudichaudia arnottiana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 252. 1840.
Sinaloa to Jaiisco and Morelos; type from Jalisco.
Leaves oblong to oval, 2 to 7 cm. long; petals 1.5 to 1.8 em. long; Samaras
1.4 to 1.8 cm. long.
6. Gaudichaudia cynanchoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 158. pl. 445. 1822.
Type from Morelia, Michoacan.
Leaves oblong, 2 to 5 cm. long; petals 6 to 7 mm. long.
The following vernacular names have been reported, but they probably refer
to other species: ‘‘ Hierba del zorro,” ‘ xunequiltzio,” ‘‘ xunequiltl.”
7. Gaudichaudia mucronata (Moc. & Sessé) Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 253.
1840.
Hiraea mucronata Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 586. 1824.
? Hiraea oxyota Moe. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 586. 1824.
? Hiraea podocarpa Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 586. 1824.
? Hiraea acuminata Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 586. 1824.
Gaudichaudia filipendula Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 252. 1840.
Sonora and Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; reported
from Yucatéin. Central America.
‘Leaves oblong or ovate, 3 to 8 cm. long, often auriculate at base; petals 6 to
8 mm. long; samaras 8 to 10 mm. long. “ Chilillo-ak” (Yucatan).
8. Gaudichaudia webbiana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 13: 152. 1840.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known.
Leaves oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. long; petals 6 to 8 mm. long; samaras 10
to 12 mm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
GAUDICHAUDIA MOLLIS Benth. Pl. Hartw. 6. 1839. Type from Aguascalientes.
GAUDICHAUDIA ENRICO-MARTINEZII Barcena, Méx. Minist. Fom. Anal. 3: 149.
1878.
9. TETRAPTERIS Cay. Monad. Diss. 483. 1790.
Seandent or reclining shrubs; leaves opposite, entire; calyx with 8 glands;
petals yellow, entire or dentate; fruit of 3 samaras, each of these 4-winged.
572. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Glands much shorter than the sepals, usually about half as long.
Leaves conspicuously petiolate, rounded to acute at base____l. T. mexicana,
Leaves mostly subsessile, cordate at base____________________ 2. T. nelsoni.
Glands nearly or quite as long as the sepals.
Lower wings of the samara much smaller than the upper ones.
, 3. T. acapulcensis.
Lower wings almost as large as the upper ones____________ 4. T. schiedeana.
1. Tetrapteris mexicana Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 281. 1836.
Sinaloa to Guerrero and Morelos; type from Jalisco.
Shrub, scandent to a height of 6 to 8 meters; leaves ovate or elliptic, 4 to 10
cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, glabrate; petals 9 to 11 mm. long.
2. Tetrapteris nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 148. 1897.
Known only from the type locally, between Nopala and Mixistepec, Oaxaca.
Leaves ovate or rounded-ovate, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, acute, glabrate.
8. Tetrapteris acapulcensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 168. 1822.
Type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Central America and Colombia.
Leaves oblong, ovate, or oval, 3 to 6 em. long, obtuse or acutish; petals 7 to
8 mm. long.
4. Tetrapteris schiedeana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 218. 1830.
Heteropteris yucatanensis Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 369. 1898.
Tepic to Veracruz, Yucatin, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Cen-
tral America.
Scandent to a height of 6 meters or more; leaves lanceolate to elliptic or
ovate, 3 to 9 em. long, acute or acuminate; petals 5 to 8 mm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
'TETRAPTERIS COTONEASTER (H. B. K.) Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 264. 1840.
Galphimia mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 178. 1822. Type from Tepeco-
acuileo, Guerrero.
10. HIRAEA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 4. 1760.
Erect or scandent shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite, entire, thick. short-
petiolate; stipules very small, borne on the petioles; petals usually yellow,
undulate or dentate; fruit of 3 samaras, with large wings.
Anthers oblong; leaves acute at base_____________________1. H. dipholiphylla.
Anthers subglobose; leaves truncate or subcordate at base.
Petals merely undulate; leaves nearly glabrous beneath______ 2. H. borealis.
Petals denticulate; leaves usually copiously pubescent beneath. 8. H. velutina.
1. Hiraea dipholiphylla Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 122. 1910.
Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Leaves oblong to elliptic, 5 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, bright green,
sericeous when young but soon glabrate; petals yellow, 6 to 9 mm. long;
samaras 2.5 to 3.5 cm. wide.
2. Hiraea borealis Niedenzu, Hiraea 5. 1906.
Cozumel Island, Yucatan. Type from Ruatéin Island, Honduras.
Leaves oblong-obovate, oval, or oblong, 4 to 11 cm. long, rounded at apex;
petals yellow, 8 to 9 mm. long.
8. Hiraea velutina Niedenzu, Hiraea 6. 1906.
Sinaloa to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Pinotepa, Oaxaca. Southward
to Colombia.
Leaves mostly obovate, 5 to 11.5 em. long, rounded or short-pointed at apex,
coriaceous, sometimes glabrate in age; petals yellow, about 9 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 573
11. MASCAGNIA Bertero; Colla, Hort. Ripul. 86. 1824.
Secandent, trailing, or suberect shrubs; leaves opposite, entire; calyx with
usually 8 glands; petals entire, denticulate, or rarely lobate; fruit of 3 samaras
with large wings.
Styles pubescent; petals yellow.
Flowering peduncles 3 mm. long or longer; anthers ovoid__1. M.macroptera.
Flowering peduncles 1 mm. long or less; anthers subglobose__2. M. mexicana.
Styles glabrous; petals not yellow.
Filaments very unequal.
Leaves broadly ovate to lanceolate, usually acute__________ 3. M, lilacina.
Leaves obovate or breadly obovate, usually rounded at apex.
4. M. vacciniifolia.
Filaments equal or nearly so.
Flowers mostly axillary, never in terminal panicles.
Leaves mostly oblong or ovate-oblong, 1.5 em. long or shorter.
5. M. cana.
Leaves broadly ovate to suborbicular, mostly 2 to 6 cm. long.
6. M. seleriana.
Flowers in terminal panicles.
Petals undulate; glands much shorter than the sepals; leaves glabrous or
MCAT by) "SO Baers ee ee BN ed Ela ee 7. M. gouania.
Petals denticulate; glands nearly as long as the sepals; leaves soft-pub-
escention both sides> =. Sok sas 2 5 Sie ee 8. M. polybotrya.
1. Mascagnia macroptera (Moc. & Sessé) Niedenzu, Mascagn. 27. 1908.
Hiraea macroptera Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 586. 1824.
Hiraea septentrionalis Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. Il. 13: 259. 1840.
Iiraea greggii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 333. 1882.
Hiraea mexicana Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 312. 1895.
Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas, Hidalgo, and Sinaloa.
Scandent or sometimes erect shrub; leaves lanceolate to oval, 3 to 8 em. long,
rounded to acute at apex, glabrate, short-petiolate; petals 6.5 to 12 mm. long
samaras 4.5 to 5.5 em. wide, the wings erose-denticulate or undulate. “ aa
llinita ”’ (Sonora, Baja California) ; ‘“‘matanene”’ (Baja California, Sinaloa) ;
““bejuco prieto”’ (Sinaloa).
Leaves sometimes used as poultices for bruises and sores.
2. Mascagnia mexicana Niedenzu, Mascagn. 29. 1908.
Veracruz; type collected near Orizaba.
Leaves ovate or oval, 10 em. long or less, pubescent beneath; petals yellow,
10 to 12 mm. long; samaras 3.5 to 4.5 em. wide.
3. Mascagnia lilacina (S. Wats.) Niedenzu in Engl. & Prantl, Planzenfam. 3°:
56. 1890.
Hiraea lilacina 8S. Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 17: 333. 1882.
Coahuila; type from Caracol Mountains, south of Monclova.
Scandent to a height of 4.5 meters; leaves 2.5 to 4 em. long, rounded or
cordate at base; petals blue or lilac, S to 10 mm. long; samaras 2 to 2.5 cin.
wide.
4, Mascagnia vacciniifolia Niedenzu, Mascagn. 11. 1908.
Mascagnia rupiccla T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bet. 6: 501. 1919.
Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere.
Seandent on rocks to a height of 15 meters; leaves 2 to 3 em. long, obtuse
or acute at base; petals rose-colored, 5 to 6 mm. long; samaras 2.5 ecm. wide.
574 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Mascagnia cana Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 120. 1910.
Hiraea sericea Engelm.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 37. 1852. Not H. sericea
Juss. 1832.
Mascagnia sericea Niedenzu, Mascagn. 29. 1908.
Sonora to Durango and Coahuila; type from Cadena, Durango.
Apparently an erect shrub; leaves copiously sericeous, short-petiolate or
sessile; petals purplish, 5 to 6 mm. long; samaras 1.5 to 1.8 cm. wide, often
purplish.
6. Mascagnia seleriana Loes. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 543. 1894.
Hiraea parvifiora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 139. 1897.
Mascagnia pringlei Niedenzu, Mascagn. 9. 1808.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Mitla, Oaxaca.
Erect or scandent shrub; leaves densely pubescent, rounded or subcordate at
base, short-petiolate ; petals violet, 5 to 8 mm. long; samaras 1.3 to 2 cm. wide.
‘““Maxocotl,” “ maxoctl” (Oaxaca).
7. Mascagnia gouania Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 120. 1910.
Morelos; type from Jojutla.
Seandent shrub; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, 4 to 7 cm. long, acute or
abruptly acuminate, long-petiolate; petals purplish, 5 to 6.5 cm. long; samaras
2.5 to 3 em. wide.
8. Mascagnia polybotrya (Juss.) Niedenzu in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
3°: 56. 1890.
Hiraea polybotrya Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 260. 1840.
?Hiraea spicigera Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 867: 584. 1863.
Puebla and Oaxaca.
Leaves 2.5 to 5 em. long, rounded or subcordate at base, short-petiolate;
petals blue.
No material seen by the writer; perhaps the same as M. gouania.
12. JANUSIA Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. IT. 18: 250. 1840.
Slender scandent shrubs; leaves small, opposite, short-petiolate, entire;
flowers small, yellow, solitary or in axillary clusters, the petals undulate;
fruit of 2 or 3 samaras.
Leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate_2—-—------~----+--=-===+-- 1. J. gracilis,
WECAVESCOVALCLOR TOV al tas weenie cea nt cy ees ie er) 2. J. californica.
1. Janusia gracilis A. Gray, P]. Wright. 1: 37. 1852.
Dry hillsides, Baja California to Coahuila. Western Texas to southern
Arizona; type collected near El Paso, Texas.
Leaves 1 to 3 em. long, strigose, especially beneath; larger petals 4 to 5
mm. long; samaras 9 to 12 mm. long.
2. Janusia californica Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 8. 1844.
Dry hillsides, Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Magdalena
Bay, Baja California.
Leaves 1.5 to 4 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, thinly strigose, often
subcordate at base; samaras 9 to 12 mm. long, often tinged with red.
13. ASPICARPA Rich. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 2: 396. 1815.
Slender shrubs with erect or reclining stems; leaves opposite, entire, sessile
or short-petiolate; flowers of two kinds, the petaliferous in mostly terminal
clusters, with fimbriate petals, the cleistogamous sessile in the lower axils or
on long axillary peduncles; fruit of 2 crested nutlets. :
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 5TH
Pubescence of the stems of spreading hairs______.___-________ 1. A. hirtella.
Pubescence of the stems of appressed hairs.
Cleistogamous flowers sessile in the axils________________ 2. A. hyssopifolia.
Cleistogamous flowers pedunculate.
Peduncles of the cleistogamous flowers nearly or quite as long as the leaves.
3. A. longipes.
Peduncles of the cleistogamous flowers much shorter than the leaves.
Leaves 4 to 8 mm. wide, thinly strigose or glabrate beneath.
4. A. humilis.
Leaves 10 to 30 mm. wide, densely sericeous beneath______ 5. A. lanata.
1. Aspicarpa hirtella Rich. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 2: 399. 1815.
Aspicarpa urens Lag. Gen. & Sp. Novy. 1. 1816.
Acasmus pruriens Desv.; Desf. Cat. Pl. Paris. ed. 3. 233. 1829.
Zacatecas and Jalisco to Mexico.
Stems scandent or reclining, hirsute with stinging hairs; leaves oval-ovate,
1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, rounded to acutish at apex, cordate or subcordate at base;
larger petals about 1 cm. long.
' 2. Aspicarpa hyssopifolia A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 167. 1850.
Western Texas, along the Rio Grande, and doubtless also in Coahuila or
Nuevo Leon.
Stems 10 to 30 ecm. high; leaves mostly linear or lanceolate, 1 to 2.5 em.
long, acute; larger petals 5 to 7 mm. long.
3. Aspicarpa longipes A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 87. 1852.
Sonora to San Luis Potosi and Querétaro. Western Texas and southern
Arizona; type from Texas.
Stems 1 meter long or less, sometimes scandent; leaves ovate or oval, 1 to
4.5 em. long, cordate or subcordate at base.
4. Aspicarpa humilis (Benth.) Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 597. 1844.
Gaudichaudia humilis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 6. 1839.
Aspicarpa hartwegiana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 253. 1840.
Chihuahua and Durango to San Luis Potosi; type from Aguascalientes.
Low ascending shrub; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 1 to 3 cm. long.
5. Aspicarpa lanata Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 49. 1903.
Durango, Jalisco, and Zacatecas; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Densely pubescent shrub, 20 to 70 em. high; leaves often whorled, oblong to
oval, 3 to 6.5 em. long, acute to rounded at apex; petals yellow, 6 to 9 mm.
long.
14. BANISTERIOPSIS GC. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 131. 1910.
Seandent shrubs; leaves opposite, entire, petiolate; flowers large, paniculate,
the calyx with 8 or 10 glands, or glandless; petals dentate or lacerate; fruit of
83 or fewer samaras.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous____________ 1. B. acapulcensis.
Leaves oval or broadly ovate, sericeous____-_-_-_--_______=___ 2. B. argentea.
1. Banisteriopsis acapulcensis (Rose) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 132. 1910.
Heteropteris acapulcensis Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 5: 139. 1897.
Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Leaves 7 to 15 cm. long; larger petals 5 to 5.5 mm. long; samaras 2.5 to
3 cm. long.
576 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Banisteriopsis argentea (H. B. K.) C. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer. FI.
25: 133. 1910.
Heteropteris argentea H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 164. 1822.
Chiapas. Central America and northern South America; type from Colombia.
Leaves 3 to 12 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex; petals pink, the larger
ones 7 to 8 mm. long; samaras 2.5 to 3 em. long.
15. BANISTERIA L. Sp. Pl. 427. 1753.
Erect or scandent shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, entire; flowers large,
in paniculate cymes; calyx glandless or with 8 glands; petals entire or
denticulate ; fruit of 2 or 3 samaras.
Sepal tips recurved. Inflorescence densely reddish-pubescent__1. B. laurifolia.
Sepal tips erect.
Leaves with 2 to 6 sessile glands near the base of the blade underneath.
2. B. beecheyana.
Leaves with 2 stipitate glands underneath.
Glands remote from the base of the blade.
Body of the samara with a thin crown on the side_____ 3. B. cotinifolia.
Body of the samara not crowned.
heaves aicutevor- acuming te Seas ae ees eee 4. B. arborescens.
Leaves rounded or obtuse at apex______________________ 5. B. pallida.
Glands borne at the extreme base of the leaf blade.
Samaras, 210 2ip7em: ones => eee eae 2 ee eee 6. B. palmeri.
Samaras 3 to 4 em. long.
Body with2; O@sS1CROWDS eet & ee ee Oe ee 7. B. gayana.
Body with a single crown, or merely tuberculate______ 8. B. portillana.
1. Banisteria laurifolia L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 611. 1762.
Malpighia dubia Cay. Monad. Diss. 413. 1789.
Heteropteris longifolia H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 166. 1822.
Heteropteris floribunda H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 166. 1822.
Byrsonima stigmatophora Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 241. 1836.
Sinaloa to Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca. Central America and West
Indies; type from Jamaica.
Large scandent shrub, or sometimes a tree, up to 12 meters high; leaves
lance-oblong to elliptic or ovate, 5 to 16 em. long, obtuse to acuminate,
coriaceous, lustrous, glabrous in age; flowers yellow, the petals 5 to 7 mm.
long; Samaras 3.5 to 4 em. long. ‘ Pinsanillo” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ;
‘“escobillo” (Tabasco); “bejuco de caballo” (Sessé & Mocino); “coral”
(Costa Rica); ‘ cointura” (Panama); “bejuco de buey” (Porto Rico) ;
“vergajo de toro” (Cuba).
2. Banisteria beecheyana’* (Juss.) C. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25:
134. 1910.
*With the hope of finding in Bering Strait the expeditions under Parry
and Franklin, the British Government in 1825 dispatched H. M. 8S. Blossom
under the command of Capt. F. W. Beechey. This ship anchored at San
Blas in Tepic in December, 1827, and remained there until February, 1828.
During this time the naturalist, Lay, explored Tepic and adjoining regions,
and made a collection of plants. Some of these came from Jalisco, and
on the labels that name was written “ Talisco,’ a circumstance which has
caused a derivative of the latter incorrect name to be used as a specific
name for some of the new species described from the collections. Plants were
eollected also at Acapuleo and Mazatlin. Some of the naval officers, par-
ticularly Alexander Collie, assisted Lay in making the collections. The
plants were reported upon by Hooker and Arnott.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 577
Banisteria tomentosa Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 244. 1833. Not B. tomentosa
Desf. 1804
Heteropteris beecheyana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 13: 278. 1840.
Banisteria simulans Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 136. 1910.
Tepic to Tamualipas, Yucatin, and Chiapas. Central America and Colombia.
Erect or scandent shrub; leaves oblong to rounded-oval, 4 to 7 cm. long,
copiously pubescent beneath; petals 4.5 to 6 mm. long; samaras 3 to 4
em. long.
8. Banisteria cotinifolia (Juss.) C. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 134.
1910.
Heteropteris cotinifolia Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 274. 1840.
Veracruz and Oaxaca.
Leaves broadly ovate or rounded, 4 to 7 em. long, obtuse, glabrate; samaras
2.5 to 3 cm. long.
4. Banisteria arborescens (T. S. Brandeg.) Small, N. Amer, Fl. 25: 135. 1910.
Heteropteris arborescens T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 208. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro Colorado, Sinaloa.
Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 8 em. long, glabrate; samaras 2.5
to 3 cm. long.
5. Banisteria pallida (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Heteropteris pallida T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 182. 1915.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from San Geronimo, Oaxaca.
Leaves ovate to broadly oval, 3 to 11 cm. long, in age glabrous; samaras
2.5 to 3 cm. long.
Perhaps not distinct from B. arborescens.
6. Banisteria palmeri (Rose) C. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 135.
1910.
Heteropteris palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 311. 1895.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Leaves ovate or lanceolate, 3 to 7 cm. long, glabrate; larger petals 5 to 6 mm,
long. ‘“ Bejuco huesillo” (Sinaloa).
The stems are used as cordage. They are sometimes 20 to 25 meters long.
7. Banisteria gayana (Juss.) C. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 185. 1910.
Heteropteris gayana Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 274. 1840.
Colima to Oaxaca.
Large scandent shrub; leaves 2.5 to 7 cm. long, glabrate; samaras often tinged
with red.
8. Banisteria portillana (S. Wats.) C. B. Robinson; Small, N. Amer. Fl. 25:
135. 1910.
Heteropteris portillana S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 402. 1887.
Jalisco; type collected near Guadalajara.
Scandent shrub; leaves 6 to 11 cm. long, glabrous in age; petals 7 to 8 mm,
long, salmon-colored outside, red inside.
16. STIGMAPHYLLON Juss.; St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. 3: 48. 1833.
Seandent shrubs; leaves opposite, entire, dentate, or lobate, petiolate; flowers
large, yellow, in axillary pedunculate umbel-like corymbs, the petals dentate;
fruit of 2 or 3 Samaras.
Leaves copiously pubescent beneath, even in age___________ 1. S. lindenianum.
7808—23 5
578 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so.
Leaves deltoid-cordate or ovate-cordate, deeply cordate at base.
2. S. selerianum.
Leaves oval, elliptic, or ovate, rounded or subcordate at base.
3. S. mucronatum.
1. Stigmaphyllon lindenianum Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3: 362.
1844.
Stigmaphyllon lupulus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 461. 1885.
San Luis Potosi to Yucatéin and Chiapas; type from Teapa, Tabasco. Central
America. ;
Coarse scandent shrub; leaves entire, undulate, or deeply lobate, rounded to
acuminate at apex, truncate or cordate at base; larger petals 9 to 11 mm. long;
samaras 2 to 2.5 em. long. ‘ Chinaca” (Veracruz).
2. Stigmaphyllon selerianum Niedenzu, Stigmatoph. 2: 7. 1900.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Almoloyas, Oaxaca.
Leaves 2 to 9 em. long, entire or undulate, deeply cordate, with rounded
sinuses, long-petiolate; petals 1.3 to 1.5 em. long.
8. Stigmaphyllon mucronatum (DC.) Juss. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3:
377. 1844.
Banisteria mucronata DC. Prodr. 1: 589. 1824.
Banisteria ternata Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 1: 591. 1824.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America and northern South America; type
from Ecuador.
Slender scandent shrub; leaves 3 to 9 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex, pale
beneath; larger petals 1.8 to 1.8 cm. long; samaras 2 to 2.5 em. long. ‘ Bejuco
de rat6én ”’ (Guatemala, Honduras).
75. POLYGALACEAE. Milkwort Family.
(Contributed by S. F. Blake.)
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes scandent, with alternate (in all the follow-
ing species) or sometimes opposite or whorled, entire leaves, without stipules or
with small stipular glands; flowers perfect, zygomorphic, racemed, the racemes
sometimes paniculate; sepals 5, free or the two lower united, one dorsal, two
ventral, two lateral and interior, the latter (wings) usually much larger than
the others and petaloid; petals 3, rarely 5, hypogynous, the ventral one (keel)
boat-shaped, often with a terminal beak or crest, the two upper usually ligulate
or oblong, the two lateral rarely present, always very small; stamens 8 (in all
the following species), the filaments united for most of their length into a sheath
split on the upper side, united at base to the upper petals or the keel or both;
anthers 1-celled, opening by terminal pores; disk-usually represented by a gland
at base of ovary; ovary 1 or 2-celled; style 1; stigma often 2-lobed; ovules soli-
tary, pendulous; fruit a capsule, drupe, or Samara; seeds usually pubescent and
arillate.
Ovary and fruit 2-celled; fruit a dehiscent capsule________-_-_ 1. POLYGALA.
Ovary and fruit 1-celled; fruit indehiscent.
Keel with a plicate crest; fruit a samara, with a large wing on the lower
C6 (Re es lub ae eo OU A Re EL Rie LM BE EY eS LE MER s 8 OS Le 2. SECURIDACA.
Keel not crested; fruit drupelike, not winged______________-- 8. MONNINA.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 579
1. POLYGALA L. Sp. Pl. 701. 1753.
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with alternate estipulate leaves and racemose flowers;
sepals free or the two lower united; wings petaloid; keel crested, beaked, or
unappendaged; stamens 8 or rarely 6; fruit a 2-celled 2-seeded thin-walled
capsule; seeds usually pubescent and arillate.
The species are of little economic importance but Some are used in medicine,
diaphoretie, expectorant, and emetic properties being ascribed to them. Others
are used locally as remedies for snake bites, and some are said to have poison-
ous properties.
Keel blunt, without crest or beak.
Sepals all free.
Sepals and wings at least in part deciduous.
Sepals all herbaceous, deciduous like the wings, or with them rarely
subpersistent; aril pubescent at least at apex.
Capsule and leaves not obviously glandular.
Leaves small, mostly 6 to 20 mm. long, usually distinctly dimor-
phous, the lower shorter, oval or oblong-oval, the upper oblong
to linear or rarely uniform, but then smaller than in the next
CLOUD ee a ae See er eee Se oe ne ee I, MICROTHRIX.
Leaves comparatively large, mostly 2 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide,
ovate, gradually reduced upward, not noticeably dimorphous.
II. HEBANTHA.
Capsule and leaves bearing large glands________ III. ADENOPHORA,
Sepals not all herbaceous, the lower ones petaloid, deciduous like the
wings, the upper one herbaceous, persistent; aril glabrous.
IV. BILOBA.
Sepals and wings persistent, the sepals herbaceous_____-__ V. HUATECA.
Sepals not all fr¢e, the two lower ones connate. Wings and sepals persistent.
VI. HEBECLADA.
Keel with a beak or crest.
Keel with a conic or cylindric beak, not crested.
Sepals (except usually the upper) and wings deciduous.
VII. EORHINOTROPIS.
Sepalsaand wines persistent 2 == ee VIII. PANTOMONE.
Mele Withis pimp rigte Crests. = 5 22 ee a IX. MONNINOPSIS.
I. MICROTHRIX.
Leaves nearly uniform, oval or ovate.
Plant densely pubescent with spreading hairs.
Capsule merely ciliate; wings shorter than keel____---~~- 1. P. ovatifolia.
Capsule puberulous on the sides; wings longer than keel___2. P. buxifolia.
Plant puberulous with incurved or appressed hairs.
Wile SST DCESISLCM = ste sar ee 2 a eee 3. P. myrtilloides.
Wings deciduous.
Leaves oval or elliptic, obtuse or rounded__-_______---_-____- 4, P. xanti.
Caves OVale: ca CUMIN ATC = = seer ate ee Se ae cae 5. P. serpens.
Leaves more or less dimorphous, the lower oval or oblong, the upper longer,
linear to oblong, elliptic, or ovate.
Wings glabrous; capsule merely ciliate_______________________ 6. P. pavoni.
Wings pubescent, at least at base, or if rarely glabrous, then capsule pubes-
cent on the sides.
Aril small, the depth of the entire or merely denticulate-lobulate scarious
margin less than the height of the corneous umbo,
580 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Hairs of stem all incurved or appressed.
Capsule more or less pubescent on sides.
HiOwers| 4 sto, bi mim glone es ee ee ee 7. P. magdalenae.
Flowers 6 to 7 mm. long.
Stems hirsute-tomentose above____-_____-_____ 8. P. leptosperma,
Stems barely puberulous above_______-_________ 27. P. oaxacana,
Capsule merely ciliate at maturity.
Middle and upper leaves strongly reduced, 5 to 14 mm. long, linear
or lance-linear.
Aril with more or less distinct dorsal lobe, subpedicellate by the
pointed pase of sced= 2-2 es oe ee 9. P. barbeyana.
Aril without distinct dorsal lobe, subsessile.
Aril with subglabrous umbo______-_____-___ 10. P. zacatecana.
Aril with densely pilose umbo____--___________ 11. P. intricata.
Middle and upper leaves not reduced, 15 to 31 mm. long.
Middle and upper leaves obovate-oblong, 4.5 to 7 mm. wide.
12. P. palmeri.
Middle and upper leaves linear, 1.5 to 3 mm. wide.
13. P. racemosa.
Hairs of stem (at least in part) wide-spreading.
Hairs of stem all short and wide-spreading; leaves not reticulate.
14. P. rectipilis.
Hairs of stem partly long and spreading, partly short and incurved;
leaves reticulate.
Middle and upper leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.8 to 4 mm. wide,
21. P. retifolia.
Middle and upper leaves oblong-lanceolate or oval, 4.5 to 16 mm. wide.
22. P. amphothrix.
Aril larger, the depth of the lobed or lobulate scarious margin equaling or
exceeding the height of the corneous umbo.
Capsule merely ciliate at maturity; aril not veil-like.
Upper leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate.
Stems incurved-puberulous.
Upper leaves strongly reduced, 5 to 14 (23) mm. long.
15. P. reducta.
Upper leaves not reduced, 17 to 86 mm. long_-----__ 16. P. longa.
Stems sparsely spreading-pubescent, glabrate____17. P. neurocarpa.
Upper leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong.
Wines’ 6 £0:G/5"mm: longi 2n eee eae oe 18. P. oophylla.
Wings 4 to 5 mm. long.
Searious border of aril barely as deep as height of umbo; keel
DUTDUSN22 Se et ee ee eee 19. P. brachyanthema.
Searious border of aril distinctly deeper than height of umbo;
keel-yellowish, green 222. os ees 20. P. brandegeana.
Capsule pubescent on sides at maturity or, if merely ciliate, then aril
veil-like.
Hairs of stem (at least in part) wide-spreading.
Middle and upper leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.8 to 4 mm.
1K (tea co Ms a cae OY Wi ES epee Red espe peso 21. P. retifolia.
Middle and upper leaves oblong-lanceolate or oval, 4.5 to 16 mm
aS (Sie ci ka A wih tat ol ie io 22. P. amphothrix.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 581
Hairs of stem all incurved or appressed.
Aril veil-like, with broad scarious lobulate margin, covering one-third
to three-fifths of seed, the dorsal margin vertically descending,
the lower margin nearly or quite horizontal.
Sepals and wings quickly deciduous__-_-_-_---___- 23. P. obscura.
Sepals and wings subpersistent____-___-_--__--__---__ 24, P. lozani.
Aril not veil-like.
Upper leaves ovate to elliptic or lance-oblong.
Lobes of aril oblong to deltoid; wings 5 to 5.8 mm. long.
25. P. parrasana.
Lobes of aril linear or lance-linear ; wings 3.5 to 5 mm. long.
26. P. compacta.
Upper leaves: linen r=]:20991 Si ere ee ee 27. P. oaxacana.,
Il. HEBANTHA.
Capsule merely ciliate at maturity.
Hairs of stem all incurved or appressed.
Stem subterete; wings 5.5 to 6.6 mm. long.
Stem and leaves sparsely strigillose; leaves narrowly lanceolate.
28. P. longipes.
Stem and leaves densely strigillose or incurved-puberulous; leaves ovate
tosrhombpic=lancCeo) ate tye ase Lee ee Se eee 29. P. velata.
Stem strongly angled; wings 4.5 mm. long_____-____-__--_ 30. P. polyedra.
Hairs of stem (at least in part) wide-spreading.
Leaves lanceolate; wings ciliate....._-__-__~+___--___--= 31. P. galeottii.
Leaves; ovate; wings not. ciliate._.--- =. = 82. P. rivinaefolia.
Capsule pubescent on sides at maturity.
Keel 3.2 to 3.5 mm. long; wings 3.8 mm. long______---__-_ 33. P. brachytropis.
Keel 4.2 to 6.8 mm. long; wings 4.5 to 7 mm. long.
Wings rather densely pubescent over whole outer surface.
Sepals 4 to 4.5 mm. long; capsule reticulate__________ 34. P. americana.
Sepals 2.5 to 3 mm. long; capsule scarcely reticulate__35. P. pedicellata.
Wings sparsely pubescent or puberulous chiefly at apex and base and along
costa, or subglabrous.
Wings 6.5 to 9 mm. long.
Hairs of stem partly short and incurved, partly long and spreading.
41. P. biformipilis.
Hairs of stem all similar, appressed or incurved-spreading.
Capsule spreading-pilosulous; aril with minute umbo.
386. P. cuspidulata.
Capsule incurved-puberulous; umbo medium-sized.
37. P. appressipilis.
Wings 4.5 to 5.8 mm. long.
Wings suborbicular, glabrous except for the ciliolate margin and the
finely puberulous costa; sepals 1 to 2 mm. long.
38. P. brachysepala.
Wings oval, pubescent at least along costa; sepals 2 to 3.8 mm. long.
Dorsal margin of aril strongly descending; umbo medium or large.
39. P. microtricha.
Dorsal margin of aril horizontal or erectish; umbo minute.
40. P. chiapensis.
582 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
III. ADENOPHORA.
Leaves obovate.
eaves incurved-pubescent_ Lanes! Nt oes hy BU aes 42. P. glandulosa.
heaves nearly clabroussttse Sep ee eS a ee eee 43. P. phoenicistes.
Leaves linear to oblong-lanceolate________________________ 44. P. macradenia.
IV. BILOBA.
Lower sepals glabrous; flowers purple; racemes many-flowered.
Bracts deciduous, equaling the pedicels; stems canescent-pilosulous.
45. P. purpusii.
Bracts persistent, shorter than the pedicels; stems incurved-pubescent but
ATCC TR a 2 Ste ee Re be Le 46. P. conzattii.
Lower sepals ciliate; flowers greenish; racemes 1 to 4-flowered__47. P. parryi.
V. HUATECA.
A SINZ1e SPECIES. seta so ete ey 48. P. tehuacana.
VI. HEBECLADA.
Wings densely ciliate; seed pilose-tomentose; aril large____49. P. floribunda.
Wings very minutely glandular-ciliolate; seed pilosulous; aril minute.
50. P. apopetala.
VII. EURHINOTROPIS.
Flowers 8.5 mm. long, purplish and yellowish__________________ 51. P. fishiae.
Flowers 4 to 5.5 mm. long, white or rosy.
Leaves oval, glabrous or sparsely incurved-puberulous.
Leaves 1 to 2 em. long, 4 to 12:5 mm: wide _____---___ 52. P. nitida.
Leaves 4 to 9 mm. long, 2 to 6.5 mm. wide__________-_-___ 53. P. euccsma.
Leaves squamiform to lanceolate or, when broader, densely pubescent.
Leaves not squamiform.
Leaves, at least the lower ones, oval to suborbicular, like the stem
densely spreading or incurved-spreading-pubescent.
54. P. lindheimeri.
Leaves mostly linear to lanceolate, merely incurved-puberulous like the
STS Y (6 EROS tome =o ONS RE MRL Ete SEAS E CEP SE SoA TOR i ee aS Aw LT Re 55. P. tweedyi.
Leaves squamiform, 1 to 4.5 mm. long________--______ 56. P. minutifolia.
AMSIN SIO RSE CIOS sR te ao eh a Ba ie ed 57. P. desertorum.
IX. MONNINOPSIS.
Capsule more than twice as long aS wings__---------------~- 58. P. semialata.
Capsule less than one and one-half times as long as wings.
Stemijatlabrous 2 ee cn Se ee eee 59. P. hemipterocarpa.
Stem strigillose or puberulous.
SW 2S by WINANS} rn ee eee rou ede ls te hogs 60. P. watsoni.
Wings 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long.
Leaves linear or acicular; stem strigillose or incurved-puberulous.
Capsule oblong, about twice as long as wide.
Leaves strongly 2-suleate beneath________--____ 61. P. scoparioides.
Leaves not 2-sulcate beneath.
Capsule 2 mm. long; aril 1 mm. long_____-_-- 62. P. dolichocarpa.
Capsule 2.7 to 3 mm. long; aril 1.5 mm. long_____-_ 63. P. scoparia.
Capsule suborbicular or oval, not twice as long as wide.
64. P. michoacana.
Leaves obovate-spatulate; stems spreading-puberulous____65. P. viridis.
_STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 583
1. Polygala ovatifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 39. 1852.
Chihuahua to Nuevo Leon. Texas and New Mexico; type from western
Texas.
Suffrutescent, erect, 30 cm. high or less, densely spreading-pilose; leaves
ovate, 1.2 to 3 em. long, 0.6 to 1.3 cm. wide, acutish, spreading-pilose on both
sides; racemes 2 to 6.5 em. long; flowers greenish yellow; wings 4 to 5 mm.
long; aril with rather broad, lobed and lobulate, scarious margin.
2. Polygala buxifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 407. 1821.
Polygala ovalifolia DC. Prodr. 1: 331. 1824.
San Luis Potosi and Querétaro; type from Santa Rosa, Querétaro.
Suffrutescent, ascending, about 28 cm. long, spreading-pubescent; leaves
elliptic or ovate, about 2 cm. long, obtuse or rounded; wings 5.5 mm. long;
aril with broad scarious margin and distinct short lateral and spreading dorsal
lobes. Fetes
3. Polygala myrtilloides Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 889. 1803.
San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo.
TYruticulose below, densely appressed-puberulous; leaves elliptic to oval-ovate.
mostly obtuse, 1.5 to 2 em. long, subcoriaceous, subappressed-pubescent ; racemes
4 to 8-flowered; wings 5.5 to 6.5 mm. long; capsule puberulous and ciliolate;
aril broadly scarious-margined, 3-lobed, the dorsal lobe short and horizontal.
4. Polygala xanti’ A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 158. 1861.
Southern Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Suffrutescent below, procumbent or erectish, densely incurved-pubescent ;
leaves oval, 6 to 16 mm. long, rounded at apex, densely incurved-pubescent ;
racemes short; flowers white, tinged with yellow and purple; wings 5.3 to 5.8
mm. long; capsule densely pubescent; scarious margin of aril narrow, equal-
ing the umbo, shortly upturned at dorsal apex.
5. Polygala serpens Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 21. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Suffruticulose, procumbent, incurved-puberulous, 30 em. long or less; leaves
ovate, 1.5 to 2.8 em. long, acuminate, thin, incurved-spreading-pubescent ;
racemes loose, 2 cm. long; flowers apparently ochroleucous; wings 5.5 to 7 mm.
long; aril minute, capitelliform, with obsolete scarious margin.
6. Polygala pavoni’ Chod. Mém. Soe. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 317: 14. 1893.
Mexico, without definite locality. .
Undershrub, puberulous, about 20 em. long; leaves elliptic or elliptic-ovate,
varied, 2 cm. long, puberulous, obtuse; racemes few-flowered; flowers 5 to 6
mm. long; ovary ciliate; fruit unknown.
A species of doubtful relationship.
7. Polygala magdalenae T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 182. 1911.
Southern Baja California; type from Magdalena Island.
Prostrate, 30 em. long, incurved-griseous-puberulous; lowest leaves oval-
oblong, 7 mm.- long, the others oblong to linear, 1.2 to 2 em. long, incurved-
*L. J. Xantus, while exployed by the U. S. Coast Survey, made a collec-
tion of about 120 species of plants in Baja California, chiefly about Cape San
Lucas. Many new species were published by Gray in his report upon the col-
lection (Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 153-178. 1861). A set of the plants is in the
U. S. National Herbarium.
*In honor of José Pavén, a member of the Spanish scientific commission
sent to Peru and Chile in 1777. He was an associate of Ruiz, with whom he
published several classic works dealing with South American plants.
584 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
puberulous; racemes loose, 4 to 10.5 cm. long; flowers apparently ochroleucous;
wings narrowly obovate-oval, 4.5 mm. long; aril minute, 0.7 mm. high, with
very narrow scarious margin.
8. Polygala leptosperma Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 317: 17.
1893.
Oaxaca.
Suffrutescent below, 12 em. long, hirsute-tomentose ahove; leaves lanceolate
to lance-linear, 1.5 to 2.2 em. long, subtomentose-velutinous; flowers 6 to 7
mm. long; wings elliptic-lanceolate, long-ciliate; capsule Ovate-cuneate, hispid; —
aril small, capitelliform, the very narrow scarious margin with very short up-
turned dorsal lobe and no lateral lobes.
9. Polygala barbeyana Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 317: 16. 1893.
Coahuila to San Luis Potosi; type from San Luis Potosi. Arizona.
Several-stemmed, suffruticulose below, up to 40 cm. high, densely incurved-
pubescent or at length subglabrate; leaves reduced, the lowest oblong, the mid-
dle and upper subsquamiform, linear or linear-lanceolate, 5 to 10 mm. long;
racemes 1.7 to 11 em. long; wings obovate-oval or suborbicular-oval, 3.5 to 4.5
mm. long; aril small, 0.7 mm. high, cap-shaped, subpedicellate by the pointed
base of seed, with narrow unlobed searious margin and short upturned dorsal
lobe.
10. Polygala zacatecana Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 26. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, near Concepcién del Oro, Zacatecas.
Several-stemmed, suffruticulose below, about 12 em. high, incurved-puberulous;
leaves reduced, the lower oblong or oval, 4 to 5 mm. long, the others linear-
lanceolate, 4.5 to 10 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, involute; racemes 2 to 5 em. long;
wings oval-obovate, 4 mm. long; aril tiny, very sparsely pubescent, with sub-
glabrous umbo, the scarious margin entire, very narrow.
11. Polygala intricata Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 26. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Saltillo, Coahuila.
Stems about 10 cm. long, flexuous, ascending, densely incurved-puberulous;
lowest leaves oblong, 3 mm. long, the others linear or linear-lanceolate, 11 to 14
mm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. wide; racemes flexuous; wings obovate, 3.5 to 4 mm.
long; aril 0.8 mm. high, the umbo densely spreading-pilose, the narrower margin
subentire.
12. Polygala palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 325. 1882.
Coahuila; type from Juérez. Western Texas.
Several-stemmed, subcanescently pubescent, about 15 cm. high; lower leaves
oval, the others oblong or ovate-oblong, the middle and upper 16 mm. long, 4.5
to 7 mm. wide, obtuse or truncate, thick; racemes 4.5 em. long; flowers greenish
yellow and purplish; wings obovate, 5.7 to 6 mm. long; aril 1.5 mm. high, with
narrow subentire scarious margin extended into short subhorizontal anterior
and dorsal lobes.
13. Polygala racemosa Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 28. 1916.
Chihuahua; type from Santa Eulalia Mountains. Southern Arizona.
Several-stemmed, fruticulous below, about 30 cm. high, densely incurved-
puberulous but green; lower leaves strongly reduced, the others linear, 15 to
31 mm. long, 1.5 to 38 mm. wide, acute; racemes 7 to 13 em. long; flowers ap-
parently greenish; wings oval-obovate, 4.5 to 4.8 mm. long; aril 0.7 to 1 mm.
high, the scarious margin lobulate, narrower than the umbo, the dorsal lobe
very short, the lateral obsolete.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 585
14. Polygala rectipilis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 27. 1916.
Coahuila. Type from Hillsboro, Sierra County, New Mexico.
Several-stemmed, fruticulose below, about 20 em. high, densely spreading-
pilose with short hairs; lower leaves oblong or oval, 8 to 14 mm. long, the
others linear, 12 to 22 mm. long, 1.7 to 2.5 mm. wide; racemes 4 to 10 em. long;
flowers purplish; wings obovate-oval, 4.5 mm. long; aril 1 mm. high, the scari-
ous, scarcely lobed margin narrower than the umbo.
15. Polygala reducta Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 25. 1916.
Polygala scopulorum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 364. 1917.
Coahuila to San Luis Potosi; type from San Luis Potosi.
Several-stemmed, suffruticulose below, 17 cm. high or less, incurved-puberu-
lous; lower leaves oval-oblong, 5 to 9 mm. long, the others linear-lanceolate or
linear, 5 to 23 mm. long, 0.5 to 2 mm. wide, involute; racemes very loose, 6 to
9 em. long; wings elliptic-obovate, 4.5 to 5 mm. long; aril 1 mm. high, the
dorsal lobe spreading, 1.5 mm. long, the lateral lobes short, subentire, slightly
deeper than the umbo.
16. Polygala longa Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 29. 1916.
Chihuahua. Texas and Arizona; type from the Pecos River, Texas.
Several-stemmed, suffruticulose below, 138 to 45 cm. high, densely incurved-
griseous-puberulous; lowest leaves oblong or oval-oblong, 8 to 17 mm. long, the
others oblong-lanceolate or oblong-linear, 17 to 36 mm. long, 1.5 to 4 mm. wide,
usually acute, griseous-puberulous; racemes 2 to 10.5 em. long; flowers pur-
plish; wings oval or suborbicular, 3.8 to 5.5 mm. long; aril 1 mm, high, the
dorsal margin 1.5 mm. long, the umbo 0.4 mm. high, the broader scarious margin
strongly lobulate, with distinct or subdistinct dorsal and shorter lateral lobes.
17. Polygala neurocarpa T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 364. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo.
Several-stemmed, suffrutescent below, about 380 cm. long, at first sparsely
spreading-pubescent with short straight hairs, in age glabrate except in the
axils; leaves linear to linear-oblong, 9 to 25 mm. long, 1 to 4 mm. wide, thickish,
soon glabrate; racemes 3.5 to 7.5 em. long; peduncles and pedicels glabrous;
wings oval, 5.2 mm. long; aril 1 to 1.2 mm. high, 1.4 mm. long dorsally, the
scarious margin repand or lobulate, descending, slightly wider than the umbo.
18. Polygala oophylla Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 33. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Tlacuilotepec, Puebla.
Few-stemmed, suffruticulose below, about 20 em. high, densely incurved-
spreading-pubescent; lowest leaves elliptic, 4 mm. long, the others ovate, 11 to
22 mm. long, 3.5 to 10 mm. wide, acute or subacute; racemes 4 to 7 cm. long;
flowers purplish; wings orbicular-oval, 6 to 6.5 mm. long; aril 1.6 mm. high,
2 mm. long, the broad scarious margin irregularly lobulate.
19. Polygala brachyanthema Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 38. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi.
Several-stemmed, fruticulose below, 17 to 33 ecm. high, green, incurved-
pubescent; lowest leaves obovate, 3 to 7 mm. long, the others oblong-elliptic,
10 to 15 mm. long, 3 to 4.8 mm. wide, subobtuse, mucronate, sparsely incurved-
pubescent; flowers purplish and greenish; wings oval, 4.5 to 5 mm. long; aril
1 mm. high, 1.6 mm. long dorsally, the scarious margin irregularly crenulate-
lobulate, produced into a short horizontal lobe, deeper than the umbo.
20. Polygala brandegeana Chod. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: Beibl. 115: 72. 1914.
Hidalgo and Puebla; type from El Riego, Tehuacin, Puebla.
Many-stemmed, erectish, 7 to 9 em. high, pubescent; lower leaves obovate,
3 mm. long, the others oblong to oval or oblong-linear, 6 to 10 mm. long, 1.5 to
586 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4.5 mm. wide, thickish, sparsely pubescent beneath; racemes very short, 1 to
3-flowered ; flowers greenish and purplish; wings oval, 5.5 mm. long; aril 1.5
mm. deep, 2.8 mm. long, the broad scarious margin irregularly lobulate, with
indistinct lateral and distinct dorsal lobe descending at an angle of about 45°.
21. Polygala retifolia Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 29. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Stems few, fruticulose below, about 40 em. high, densely pubescent with
short incurved and long straight spreading hairs; lowest leaves 4 to 11 mm.
long, the others linear or linear-lanceolate, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, 1.8 to 4 mm.
wide, thick, acuminate, reticulate-venose; racemes 8 to 14 em. long; wings
obovate-oval, 5 to 6 mm. long; ovary densely pilose; fruit unknown.
22. Polygala amphothrix Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 39. 1916.
Durango and Tepic; type from Otinapa, Durango.
Stems few, 10 to 15 em. high, densely pubescent with short ineurved and
long straight wide-spreading hairs; lowest leaves oval, 3.5 to 11.5 mm. long,
the others oblong-lanceolate or oval, 15 to 36 mm. long, 4.5 to 16 mm. wide,
obtuse or subacute, reticulate; flowers purplish; wings oval, 5 to 5.5 mm.
long; ovary densely pilosulous; fruit unknown.
23. Polygala obscura Benth. Pl. Hartw. 58. 1840.
Polygala puberula A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 40. 1852.
Polygala laeta T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 365. 1917.
Polygala vagans T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 366. 1917.
Chihuahua to Oaxaca; type from Hacienda del Carmen, Oaxaca. Texas to
Arizona.
Many-stemmed, suffruticulose below, 12 to 38 em. high, grayish-puberulous;
lower leaves oblong or oval-oblong, 12 to 28 mm. long, the middle and upper
oblong to lanceolate or linear, 18 to 42 mm. long, 1.5 to 12 mm. wide, puberu-
lous; racemes 3.3 to 9 em. long; flowers purplish; wings oval-obovate or
elliptic, 4.5 to 5.8 mm. long, 2 to 3.5 mm. wide; keel 4.8 to 5 mm. long; capsule
puberulous or merely ciliate; aril 1.3 to 3 mm. high, veil-like, appressed, with
very broad, irregularly lobulate, scarious margin.
23a. Polygala obscura euryptera Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 31. 1916.
Oaxaca.
Wings 6 to 6.5 mm. long, 4 to 4.5 mm. wide; keel 6 to 6.5 mm. long.
24. Polygala lozani Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 307. 1911.
Polygala calcicola Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 122. pl. 37. 1906. Not
P. calcicola Chod. 1898.
Known only from the type locality, La Cafiada, near Tehuacin, Puebla.
Several-stemmed, suffruticulose below, about 10 ecm. high, subcanescent-
pubescent; lower leaves oval, 11 mm. long, the others oblong or linear-oblong,
10 to 13 mm. long, 1.8 to 3.56 mm. wide, acutish, incurved-pubescent; flowers
yellowish green; wings oval, 5 to 5.5 mm. long, subpersistent; aril 1.7 mm.
high, the appressed scarious margin irregularly lobulate, deeper than the
umbo, the dorsal lobe barely indicated.
25. Polygala parrasana T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 365. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Parris, Coahuila.
Stems several, fructiculose below, procumbent, 4 to 10 cm. long, densely
ascending-pubescent ; leaves oval or elliptic-oblong, 3 to 9 mm. long, 2.5 to 4 mm.
wide, apiculate to obtuse, thickish, pubescent both sides; racemes 1.3 cm. long,
few-flowered ; wings oval, 5.2 mm. long; keel 5.8 mm. long; aril 1.8 mm. high,
1.7 mm. long on the dorsal margin, the umbo 0.4 mm. high, the scarious mar-
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 587
gin 3-lobed, the lateral lobes ovate, vertical, appressed, the dorsal subequal,
descending.
26. Polygala compacta Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 315. 1905.
Polygala pubescens A. Gray ; Chod. Mém. Soe. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 31?: 21.
1893. Not. P. pubescens Mart. 1815.
Jalisco and San Luis Potosi to Puebla; type from the Valley of Mexico.
Many-stemmed, ascending or erect, 10 to 20 em. high, incurved-griseous-
puberulous, very leafy; lower leaves obovate or oval, 5 to 17 mm. long, the
others oblong or lance-oblong, 11 to 19 mm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse to
acutish, incurved-puberulous ; racemes rather dense, 1.5 to 4 cm. long; flowers
apparently ochroleucous; wings oval or obovate-oval, 3.5 to 5 mm. long; aril
1 to 2 mm. high, strongly 3-lobed, the lobes scarious, linear-lanceolate or
linear, descending or the dorsal more or less spreading, subequal or the dorsal
somewhat the longer.
27. Polygala oaxacana Chod. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: Beibl. 115: 73. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, San Juan del Estado, Etla, Oaxaca.
Stems few, suffruticulose below, barely puberulous above, about 20 em. long;
leaves linear, the larger 26 to 35 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, acute, glabrescent;
racemes 3 to 5-flowered, 3 cm. long; flowers 6 to 7 mm. long; wings oval; ovary
densely pilose; fruit unknown.
28. Polygala longipes Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 40. 1916.
Oaxaca.
Stem slender, finely strigillose, 50 cm. high or more; leaves lanceolate, 5.5 to
6.5 cm. long, 9 to 14 mm. wide, thin, long-acuminate, sparsely and finely strigil-
lose; racemes 14.5 cm. long or less; pedicels 5 to 8 mm. long; wings oblong-
oval, 6.6 mm. long, 3.3 mm. wide; seed unknown.
29. Polygala velata Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 41. 1916.
Chiapas.
Erect, 35 em. high and more, rather densely incurved-puberulous; leaves ovate
to rhombic-lanceolate, 3.7 to 5.2 em. long, 1.2 to 2.2 em. wide, acuminate,
sparsely incurved-puberulous; racemes 6.5 to 10.5 cm. long; wings oval, 5.5
mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide; aril 3 mm. high, cloaklike, the broad scarious margin
sparsely pilose, appressed, slightly lobulate, the umbo medium-sized.
30. Polygala polyedra T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 364. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, Mazatlan, Sinaloa.
Stem stoutish, strongly angled, 35 cm. long and more, grayish green, densely
strigillose; leaves unknown; racemes 5 em. long or less, rather dense; wings
oval, 4.5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide; aril 1.8 to 2 mm. high, 1.6 to 1.8 mm. long
dorsally, the umbo pilose, 0.4 mm. deep, the repand-lobulate scarious margin
sparsely pilose, the dorsal margin horizontal or slightly upturned.
31. Polygala galeottii Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéye 317: 28. 1893.
Known only from the type locality, Rancho de Haupa, between Jalapa and
Cordoba, Veracruz.
Simple or sparsely branched, slightly hirsute; leaves lanceolate, 2.8 to 4 em.
long, 1 to 1.4 cm. wide, attenuate at each end, ciliate and slightly pubescent ;
racemes elongate, loose; flowers 6 mm. long; wings elliptic-obovate; capsule
hirsute-ciliate; aril 2 mm. high, 2.8 mm. long on the dorsal margin, papery,
erenate or undulate, scarcely lobed.
32. Polygala rivinaefolia H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 409. 1821.
Polygala albowiana Chod. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 128. 1895.
Polygala jaliscana Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 44. 1916.
588 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Jalisco to Morelos; type collected near Ario, Michoacin.
Suffruticulose, several-stemmed, about 40 cm. high, rather densely pubescent
with short incurved hairs and plentiful long spreading ones; leaves ovate or
oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 5.5 em. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, acute to acuminate, thin,
bright green above, rather densely pubescent on both sides; racemes 1.5 to 15 em.
long; flowers purplish; wings oval, 5 to 6 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide; capsule
suborbicular, pale, reticulate, about 1 cm. long; aril 1.5 to 2 mm. high, with
lobulate or slightly lobed ventral margin, the umbo small, the dorsal margin
subhorizontal or curved-ascending to nearly vertically descending.
33. Polygala brachytropis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 46. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Zimapin, Hidalgo.
Suffruticulose below, 25 cm. high and more, densely pubescent with short in-
curved and long wide-spreading hairs; leaves ovate, 2.5 to 3.8 cm. long, 1.2 to
1.4 cm. wide, acute, firm, rather sparsely pubescent; racemes about 3 em.
long; wings elliptic, 3.8 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide; seed unknown.
34. Polygala americana Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Polygala no. 7. 1768.
Veracruz.
Several-stemmed, erect, fruticulose, 12 cm. high, densely pubescent with
incurved-spreading, rather short, equal hairs; leaves ovate to obovate, 1.4 to
2.35 cm. long, 8 to 11 mm. wide, acute, firm but rather thin, rather densely pubes-
cent on both sides; flowers purplish; racemes 1.2 to 4 cm. long; wings oval, 5
to 7 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide; capsule densely spreading-pubescent, reticu-
late; seed unknown.
35. Polygala pedicellata Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 45. 1916.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Stems few, fruticulose below, suberect, branched, about 40 em. high, rather
densely incurved-puberulous; leaves ovate, 2.3 to 3.4 em. long, 9 to 16 mm.
wide, subacuminate, incurved-pubescent; racemes 3.5 to 7 cm. long; flowers
purplish; wings oval, 5 to 6.5 mm. long, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. wide; capsule spreading-
pubescent; aril 1.5 to 1.8 mm. high, the umbo large, the subequal scarious
margin with obscure lateral lobes and distinct, descending or upcurved dorsal
lobe.
36. Polygala cuspidulata Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 45. 1916.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cerro de Santa Lucia, near San Luis Tultit-
lanapa, Puebla.
Stems few, erect, densely incurved or incurved-spreading-pubescent, 15 to 40
em. high; leaves ovate, 2 to 3 em. long, 1.1 to 1.6 cm. wide, cuspidulate, rather
densely incurved-pubescent ; racemes 5 to 11 cm. long; flowers purplish; wings
oval, 7 to 8.3 mm. long, 5 to 5.5 mm. wide; capsule spreading-pilosulous and
ciliolate; aril 2.2 to 2.5 mm. high, with tiny pilose umbo, the undulate scarious
margin sparsely pilose, the dorsal margin horizontal or slightly curved-
ascending or descending at an angle of about 45°.
87. Polygala appressipilis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 41. 1916.
Tepic to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Stems several, erect, about 35 cm. high, griseous-puberulous; leaves ovate or
oval, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 8 to 13 mm. wide, acute or obtuse, appressed-puberulous ;
wings oval or broadly elliptic, 6.5 to 9 mm. long, 4.5 to 5.8 mm. wide; mature
seed unknown.
88. Polygala brachysepala Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 44. 1916.
San Luis Potosi, Guerrero, and Morelos; type from Las Canoas, San Luis
Potosi.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 589
Stems several, fruticulose below, rather densely incurved-puberulous with
a few long spreading hairs intermixed, 20 to 35 em. high; leaves ovate, 2.8
to 4.5 em. long, 1.2 to 2 em. wide, acuminate, sparsely pubescent; racemes 5
to 7 cm. long; wings suborbicular, 5.5 mm. long, 4.8 mm. wide; aril cloaklike,
appressed, 3.5 mm. high, with deep subentire scarious margin.
89. Polygala microtricha Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 46. 1916.
Hidalgo and Oaxaca; type from Zimapaén, Hidalgo.
Suffruticulose below, branched, 25 ecm. high and more, densely incurved-
puberulous; leaves ovate, 2.7 to 3.8. cm. long, 1 to 1.2 em. wide, acute to
acuminate, firm, rather densely puberulous; racemes 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long;
wings oval, 5.5 mm. long, 4 mm. wide; aril 3 mm. high, cloaklike, the large
umbo pilose, the much broader scarious margin lobulate, the dorsal and lateral
lobes barely indicated, subappressed.
40. Polygala chiapensis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 40. 1916.
Chiapas.
Stems erect, about 24 cm. high, pubescent with short incurved and sometimes
a few longer incurved-spreading hairs; lower leaves oval or obovate, the
-middle and upper lanceolate, 2 to 4.2 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, acuminate,
sparsely incurved-pubescent, reticulate; racemes 6 to 10 ecm. long; wings
oval, 5.5 mm. long, 3.5 mm. wide; aril 1.5 mm. high, papery, irregularly lobulate,
the horizontal dorsal margin 2.2 mm. long.
41. Polygala biformipilis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 52. 1916.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan.
Stems several, suffruticulose below, erect, 35 to 60 ecm. high, densely and
softly pubescent with short incurved and long straight spreading hairs; leaves
ovate or oblong-ovate, 3 to 5 em. long, 1 to 2 em. wide. acuminate, pubescent
like the stem; racemes dense, 3.5 to 7 cm. long; flowers purplish; wings
oblong-oval, 8.7 mm. long, 4.7 mm. wide; aril 2.5 mm. high, the small umbo
densely pilose, the broad scarious margin lobulate, the dorsal margin ascending,
the anterior vertical.
42. Polygala glandulosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 404. 1821.
Viola punctata Humb. & Bonpl.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 391. 1819.
Not Polygala punctata A. W. Benn. 1879.
Polygala greggii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 17: 325. 1882.
Nuevo Leon and San Luis Potosi; type from Puente de la Madre de Dios.
Stems very numerous, suffruticulose, diffuse, 10 to 20 cm. long, densely leafy ;
leaves obovate to suborbicular-oval, 4.5 to 10 mm. long, 1.5 to 6 mm. wide,
rounded, mucronate, cuneate at base, thick, incurved-puberulous or short-
pilosulous, densely translucent-glandular-dotted; racemes axillary, 1 or 2-
flowered; flowers purple; wings spatulate-obovate, 7.5 mm. long; capsule
elliptic; aril galeiform, equitant.
43. Polygala phoenicistes Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 55. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Guascama, Minas de San Rafael,
San Luis Potosi.
Stems several, fruticulose, diffuse or suberect, 6 to 15 em. long; leaves
cuneate-obovate, 5.5 to 7 mm. long, 2.5 to 4.55 mm. wide, densely glandular-
punctate, very sparsely incurved-puberulous along costa beneath; racemes
1-flowered; flowers purple; wings spatulate-obovate, 6 mm. long; capsule
oblong-elliptic; aril corneous, 3-lobed.
44. Polygala macradenia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 39. 1852.
Coahuila. Texas to Arizona; type from hills at the head of the San Felipe,
Texas.
590 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stems very numerous, 3.5 to 21 cm. long, fruticulose below, erectish or ascend-
ing, densely leafy, canescently puberulous; leaves linear-oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, 2 to 6 mm. long, 0.6 to 13 mm. wide, thick, flattened above, gland-
dotted, canescent-puberulous; racemes 1 or 2-flowered; flowers purple; wings
obovate, 5 to 5.5 mm. long; capsule oblong; aril shortly 3-lobed.
44a. Polygala macradenia glanduloso-pilosa (Chod.) Blake, Contr. Gray
Herb. n. ser. 47: 56. 1916.
Polygala glanduloso-pilosa Chod. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: Beibl. 115: 72. 1914.
San Luis Potosi.
Less pubescent; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, 1.2 to 3 mm. long, 0.3 to
0.5 mm. wide, concave or sulcate above, sparsely incurved-puberulous.
45. Polygala purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 88. 1910.
Known only from the type locality, Acatitlin, Puebla.
Fruticulose, several-stemmed, erect, 25 cm. high, densely canescent-pilosulous
on the younger parts; leaves oval to oblong-oval, rarely orbicular, 9 to 14 mm.
long, 4 to 11 mm. wide; racemes terminal, 4.5 ecm. long; wings obovate-oval,
4.7 mm. long; keel whitish with yellcwish tip; capsule suborbicular, 3 mm.
long; aril 1.2 mm. deep, the 2 lobes oval, appressed.
46. Polygala conzattii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 307. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro San Antonio, Oaxaca.
Stems 40 cm. long, slender, green, incurved-pubescent; leaves ovate-oval or
obovate, 15 mm. long, cuspidate at the truncate-rounded apex or retuse; racemes
very loose, 1.8 to 20 cm. long; wings obovate, 4.5 mm. long; capsule quadrate-
orbicular, 3.5 mm. long; aril 1.4 mm. long, with large corneous umbo, the 2
lateral lobes obleng, appressed.
47. Polygala parryi A. W. Benn. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 17: 140. 1879.
San Luis Potosi.
Suffruticulose,- procumbent below, 9 cm. long or less, several-stemmed, in-
curved-puberulous; leaves oval to orbicular, 6 to 11 mm. long, rounded to obtuse
at each end; wings obovate, 3.5 mm. long; capsule orbicular, venose, plump,
3.5 mm. long; aril 1.5 mm. deep, with small corneous umbo and 2 oblong
appressed lobes.
48. Polygala tehuacana T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 273. 1912.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, mountains north of
Tehuacan, Puebla.
Suffruticulose, many-stemmed, erect, about 15 cm. high, canescent-puberulent ;
leaves oblong, 5 to 10 mm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. wide, obtusish, puberulous;
racemes mostly 1-flowered; flowers purplish-yellowish; wings oval-obovate,
6 mm. long; capsule oval, ciliate, 4.8 mm. long; seed silky-pilose; aril with
sMall umbo and 2 oblong lateral lobes.
49. Polygala floribunda Benth. Pl. Hartw. 58. 1840.
Polygala americana floribunda Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 48. 1891.
Chiapas; type from Zonaguia. Guatemala.
Frutescent, erect, about 1.5 meters high, incurved-pubescent or strigillose ;
leaves ovate, 3.5 to 9 em. long, 1.2 to 3.8 em. wide, acute, finely reticulate,
strigillose or glabrate; racemes loose, up to 23 cm. long, rarely branched ;
flowers violet-purple; wings suborbicular, 8 to 11 mm. long and wide, venose;
capsule transversely broad oblong, obcordate, 8 mm. long; seed globose, 3 mm.
thick; aril 2 mm. high, fleshy-coriaceous, not lobed.
+
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 591
50. Polygala apopetala T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 180. pl. 3. 1889.
Southern Baja California; type from Comondt.
Shrub or small tree, 5 meters high or less, the branches strigillose; leaves
ovate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, 1.7 to 2.2 cm. wide, sparsely strigillose; racemes
terminal, loose, 5 to 19 cm. long; flowers pinkish purple; wings suborbicular,
12 to 15 mm. long and wide, reticulate; capsule quadrate-orbicular, emarginate,
1.5 to 1.9 cm. long; seed ellipsoid, 9 mm. long; aril corneous, 0.5 mm. long.
51. Polygala fishiae Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 4: 39. 1884.
Northern Baja California; type collected near Sauzal, Todos Santos Bay.
Southern California.
Frutescent, about 1.5 meters high, glabrous or very sparsely strigillose;
leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1.7 to 5 em. long, 4 to 14 mm. wide, rounded
or retuse, glabrous; racemes 2.5 to 20 cm. long; flowers purplish, whitish, and
yellowish, 8.5 mm. long; wings obovate, ciliolate; capsule suborbicular, 7.5 mm.
long; seed pilose, 5 mm. long.
52. Polygala nitida T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 272. 1912.
_ Known only from the type locality, Bagre, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis
Potosi.
Frutescent, decumbent, finely incurved-puberulous, about 20 cm. long; lower
leaves elliptic to oval, 1 to 2 cm. long, 7.5 to 12.5 mm. wide, rounded, cuspidate,
reticulate, shining, glabrous or sparsely puberulous beneath along costa, the
upper more oblong; racemes 3 to 9-flowered, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long; flowers rose-
colored; wings oblong-obovate, 5.5 mm. long; keel yellowish ; capsule 4 mm. long,
oval, subreticulate-striate.
53. Polygala eucosma Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 72. 1916.
Coahuila to Hidalgo; type from the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo, Coahuila.
Southern New Mexico.
Fruticulose, many-stemmed, procumbent, 4.5 to 20 cm. long or more, minutely
incurved-puberulous; leaves oval or elliptic, 4 to 9 mm. long, 2 to 6.5 mm.
wide, acute or obtuse, coriaceous, scarcely reticulate, glabrous or very sparsely
incurved-puberulous; racemes 2 or 3-flowered; flowers rosy; wings obovate,
4 to 4.5 mm. long, 1.8 to 2.8 mm. wide.
54. Polygala lindheimeri A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 7: 150. 1850.
Polygala emoryi Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 72. 1916.
Nuevo Leén. Texas and New Mexico; type from the upper Guadalupe and
Pierdenales rivers, Texas.
Stems several, fruticulose below, erect to decumbent, densely spreading-
pilose or pilosulous or rarely incurved-spreading-pubescent, about 18 em. long;
lower or all the leaves elliptic or oval, rarely orbicular, 5 to 13 mm. long,
3 to 12 mm. wide, coriaceous, spreading-pilosulous or incurved-spreading-
puberulous, reticulate, the middle and upper usually oblong or lance-oblong
and acute; racemes 2 to 8-flowered, geniculate; wings oblong-obovate, 4.5 to
5 mm. long; capsule oblong, striate.
55. Polygala tweedyi Britton; Wheelock, Mem. Torrey Club 2: 143. 1891.
Polygala lindheimeri parvifolia Wheelock, Mem. Torrey Club 2: 148. 1891.
Polygala arizonae Chod. Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Genéve 317: 108. 1893.
Polygala arizonae tenuifolia Chod. Mém. Soe. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 317:
109. 1893.
Polygala terensis Robinson in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1*: 451. 1897.
Polygala parvifolia Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 19: 392. 1915.
Polygala blepharotropis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 73. 1916.
592 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Polygala lithophila Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 74. 1916.
Polygala pycnophylla T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 366. 1917.
Sonora, Coahuila, and San Luis Potosi. Oklahoma and western Texas to
Arizona; type from Tom Green County, Texas.
Suffruticulose, many-stemmed, spreading to erect, incurved-puberulous, 7 to
28 em. high; leaves dimorphous or uniform, linear to lanceolate, elliptic, or
ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 26 mm. long, 1 to 6 mm. wide, the lowest broader than
the others, coriaceous, reticulate, incurved-puberulous ; racemes 3 to 22-flowered,
geniculate; flowers rosy or whitish; wings obovate, 4 to 5.3 mm. long; capsule
oval to oblong.
56. Polygala minutifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 307. 1911.
Polygala nudata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 183. 1911.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; type collected near Monterrey, Nuevo Leon.
Stems very numerous, fruticulose, erect, about 15 ecm. high, strigillose or
subglabrous; leaves squamiform, linear-lanceolate, 1 to 4.5 mm. long, 0.5
mmm. wide, acuminate; racemes straight, 4 to 6-flowered; flowers white; wings
oval-obovate, 4 mm. long; capsule oblong, 2.8 mm. long.
57. Polygala desertorum T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 180. 1889.
Southern Baja California; type from Agua Dulce.
Frutescent, several or many-stemmed, erect, strigillose, 25 ecm. high; leaves
linear or linear-lanceolate, 9 to 18 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, acute, firm;
racemes loose, 5 to 9 em. long; flowers purple and yellow; wings oblong-obovate,
glabrous, 8 mm. long, appearing apiculate; capsule oval-oblong, glabrous, 5.5
mm. long; seed subsericeous, 3.5 mm. long.
58. Polygala semialata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 326. 1882.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and Zacatecas; type from Monterrey, Nuevo Ledén.
Stems numerous from a fruticulose base, erect or lax, almost filiform, minutely
puberulous, 8 to 21 cm. long; leaves linear, 5 to 8.5 mm. long, 0.5 to 1 mm. wide;
racemes 3 to 12.5 em. long; flowers whitish; wings oval-obovate, 1.4 mm. long;
capsule narrowly oblong, curved, 3.6 mm. long, 1.3 mm. wide, the upper cell
larger and distinctly winged; seeds cylindric, curved, 2.5 mm. long.
59. Polygala hemipterocarpa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 31. 1853.
Chihuahua to Hidalgo; type collected near ‘‘ Deserted Rancho,” on the
border of Sonora. Texas to Arizona.
Stems several, erect, fruticulose below, glabrous, slightly glaucous, 12 to 56 cm.
high; leaves linear, 6 to 23 mm. long, 0.6 to 1 mm. wide, acute; racemes 3 to 21
em. long; flowers white; wings obovate, 3.5 to 4 mm. long; capsule oblong,
5 mm. long, the upper cell broadly scarious-winged ; seed 2.7 mm. long.
60. Polygala watsoni Choed. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 317: 285. 1893.
Polygala acicularis S. Wats. Proc. Acad. Amer. Acad. 21: 445. 1886. Not
P. acicularis Oliver, 1868.
Known only from the type locality, Santa Eulalia Mountains, Chihuahua.
Stems numerous, ascending from a woody base, 35 cm. long or less, finely
incurved-puberulous; leaves linear-acicular, 4 to 11 mm. long, 0.4 to 0.6 mm.
wide, acuminate, 2-suleate beneath; racemes 6 to 11 mm. long, about 10-
flowered; flowers white; wings obovate, 5 mm. long; capsule elliptic, narrow-
margined on both cells, 3 mm. long; seed 2.6 mm. long.
61. Polygala scoparioides Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 31 2. 284.
1893.
Polygala scoparia multicaulis A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 38. 1852.
Polygala wrightii A. Gray; A. W. Benn. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 17: 205.
1879, as synonym.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 593
Sonora to Coahuila and San Luis Potosi. Texas to Arizona.
Stems numerous, angled, finely incurved-puberulous, 9 to 30 em. high; leaves
linear-acicular, 7 to 14 mm. long, 0.6 to 1.3 mm. wide, acute to acuminate,
strongly 2-suleate beneath; racemes 1.5 to 7.8 cm. long; flowers white; wings
spatulate-obovate, 2.6 to 3 mm. long, appearing acute by inflexion; capsule
oblong-elliptic, 3 to 3.5 mm. long, 1.6 mm. wide; seed 2.5 to 3 mm. long; aril 1
to 1.9 mm. long.
62. Polygala dolichocarpa Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 47: 107. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi.
Stems several, suffruticulose below, 10 to 35 cm. high, sulcate, sparsely in-
curved-puberulous, soon becoming nearly leafless; leaves linear, 3 to 4.5 mm.
long, 0.8 mm. wide, acuminate, thickish, convex and veinless beneath; racemes
loose, 5 to 10 cm. long; flowers white; wings spatulate-obovate, 2.7 to 3.2 mm
long; capsule oblong, 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, the upper cell very narrowly
margined ; seed 1.5 mm. long, cylindric; aril 1 mm. long.
63. Polygala scoparia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 399. 1821.
? Polygala mexicana Moc.; DC. Prodr. 1: 333. 1824.
Polygala flagellaria Pavén; Chod. Mém. Soe. Phys. Hist Nat. Genéve 317: 282.
1893, as synonym.
Polygala filiformis Pavén; Chod. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 31*: 282
1893, as synonym.
Mexico and Veracruz; type collected near the City of Mexico.
Stems numerous, fruticulose below, slender, striate, finely incurved-puberu-
lous, 7.5 to 18 em. long; leaves rather crowded, linear-acicular, 5 to 9 mm. long,
0.4 to 1 mm. wide, acuminate, cuspidate, thickish, 1-nerved but not sulcate be-
neath; racemes dense or loose below, 0.5 to 2.3 cm. long; flowers white; wings
obovate, 2.9 mm. long; capsule oval-oblong, 2.7 to 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, the
upper cell narrowly winged; seed cylindric, 2.2 to 2.5 mm. long; aril 1.5 mm.
iong.
64. Polygala michoacana Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 1038. 1893.
San Luis Potosi to Puebla and Michoacin; type from Patzcuaro, Michoacan,
Habit and general characters of P. scoparia; leaves up to 1.5 mm. wide;
racemes 0.7 to 4.2 em. long; wings cuneate-obovate, 2.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide;
eapsule suborbicular, 2 to 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 to 1.8 mm. wide; seed 1.7 to 2 mm.
long; aril 1.2 to 1.8 mm. long.
65. Polygala viridis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 325. 1882.
Known only from the type locally, Caracol Mountains, Coahuila.
Several-stemmed, suffruticulose, spreading, densely spreading-puberulous, 5.5
to 11 cm. long; leaves obovate-spatulate, 5 to 11 mm. long, 1.5 to 3.6 mm. wide,
coriaceous, spreading-puberulous; racemes loose, 1 to 2.5 em. long; flowers
green with narrow white margin; wings obovate, 2.6 mm. long; capsule oval-
oblong, narrowly winged above, 2,8 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; seed 2 mm. long;
aril 1.2 mm. long.
2. SECURIDACA L. Sp. Pl. 707. 1753.
Shrubs or trees, usually scandent; leaves alternate, entire, with peziziform
stipular glands; flowers medium or large, in terminal and axillary, often panicled
racemes; outer sepals free or the 2 lower united; wings large, petaloid; keel
with a fimbriate crest; stamens 8; fruit a 1-celled samara, with a large wing
on the lower side.
T808—23
6
594 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
One species of the genus, known as “ contraveneno”’ and “ palomita morada,”
is said to be used in Nicaragua as a remedy for snake bites.
Leaves strigillose to sparsely pubescent beneath ; pedicels strigillose or pubescent
Waithsincurvedshairs ests sae Ry ss) ee eee ee 1. S. diversifolia.
Leaves densely and softly pilosulous or pilose beneath; pedicels densely and
softly spreading or ascending-puberulous_________-______ 2. SS. sylvestris.
1. Securidaca diversifolia (L.) Blake.
Polygala diversifolia L. Sp. Pl. 708. 1753.
Securidaca acuminata Schlecht. Linnaea 14: 382. 1840. Not S. acuminata
St. Hil. 1829. :
Securidaca schlechtendaliana Walp. Repert. Bot. 1: 236. 1842.
Elsota schlechtendaliana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 46. 1891.
? Securidaca myrtifolia Chod. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 546. 1895.
Tamaulipas to Michoacin (or Guerrero) and southward. Central America to
Ecuador; West Indies.
Trailing or high-climbing shrub, strigillose or ascending-puberulous; leaves
elliptic-oblong to ovate or oval, 3.8 to 12 em. long, 2.2 to 5.7 em. wide, thick,
above somewhat shining, prominulous-reticulate and paler beneath; racemes
usually 6 to 14 cm. long; flowers pink to purplish, the keel with yellow tip;
wings suborbicular to oval-ovate, 8.5 to 11.8 mm. long, 6 to 8 mm. wide; samara
puberulous, 4 to 6 em. long; fruiting cell wing-margined on upper side, the
margin prolonged beyond the cell and connate with the proper wing. “Flor de
arrayin”’ (Oaxaca).
2. Securidaca sylvestris Schlecht. Linnaea 14: 381. 1840.
Elsota sylvestris Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 46. 1891.
Veracruz to Tepic and southward; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central
America.
Shrub, climbing to a height of 25 meters, the branchlets densely and softly
puberulous; leaves ovate to elliptic or oblong-ovate, 2.7 to 7.5 cm. long, 1.2 to
3.8 em. wide, dull both sides and softly pubescent; racemes 1.5 to 11 cm. long;
flowers wine-red or rosy; wings suborbicular, 8 to 11 mm. long; samara
spreading-puberulous, 3.8 to 4.7 em. long; fruiting cell narrowly winged on
upper side, the wing prolonged for 3 to 7 mm. beyond the fruiting cell and
connate with proper wing.
38. MONNINA Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Peruv. Chil. 169. 1798.
Herbs or shrubs, very rarely scandent; leaves in ours estipulate; flowers
racemed; outer sepals free or the 2 lower united; wings petaloid; keel not
crested; stamens 8 or 6; fruit (in the following species) drupaceous, 1-celled,
1-seeded, with rugose endocarp surface and thin fleshy exocarp.
Racemes not at all comose; bracts ovate, obtuse to acute, 1.2 to 2.5 mm. long.
Peduncles and young branches densely pilose-tomentose.
1. M. schlechtendaliana.
Peduncles and young branches strigillose_________________ 2. M. xalapensis.
Racemes comose toward apex; bracts lance-subulate to ovate, acuminate to
attenuate, 2.5 to 7 mm. long.
Stem and leaves merely strigillose or incurved-puberulous___8. M. sylvatica.
Stem and leaves spreading-pilosulous or hirsutulous.
Branches and leaves softly spreading-pilosulous; leaves oval, cuneate to
roundédvat basen. 2.8 2 oe ee ee ee 4. M. guatemalensis.
Branches and leaves hirsutulous; leaves lanceolate, long-attenuate at base.
5. M. subserrata.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 595
1. Mennina schlechtendaliana D. Dietr. Syn. Pl. 4: 912. 1847.
? Monnina mexicana Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 367. 18381.
? Monnina caerulea Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 367. 1831.
Monnina angustifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 14: 380. 1840. Not M. angustifolia
DC. 1824.
Monnina stenophylla Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 157. 1841. Not Al. stenophylia
St. Hil. 1829.
Monnina erioclada Gandog. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 6G: 455. 1913.
Tepie to Morelos; type collected near the City of Mexico.
Branching shrub, the branches in youth like the peduncles densely and
usually griseously pilose-tomentose with spreading crisped hairs, in age sub-
glabrate; leaves elliptic to lance-elliptic, 4.5 to 8 em. long, 1 to 2.4 em. wide,
thin, beneath appressed-puberulous and along costa spreading-pilose; racemes
solitary or few, dense, 6 cm. long or less; flowers purplish; wings suborbicular,
4 to 4.8 mm. long; drupe cbliquely ellipsoid, 6 to 7 mm. long.
2. Monnina xalapensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 414. 1821.
? Monnina bifurcata DC. Prodr. 1: 339. 1824.
? Monnina ciliolata DC. Prodr. 1: 340. 1824.
? Monnina obscura Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 367. 1831.
? Momnina ciliolosa Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 368. 1831.
Monnina ocampi Villada, Mem. Trab. Com. Cient. Pachuca 215. 1865.
Monnina aestuans xralapensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 48. 1891.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Guatemala to Costa Rica.
Shrub, about 3 meters high, strigillose, subglabrate; leaves oblanceolate or
obovate-elliptic to elliptic, 3.2 to 8.5 em. long, 1 to 3 em. wide, sparsely strigil-
lose; racemes 11 em. long or less; wings suborbicular-oval or oval, 5 to 6 mm.
long; drupe 6 to 8.5 mm. long.
8. Monnina sylvatica Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 231. 1830.
? Monnina deppei Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 367. 18381.
Monnina evonymoides Schlecht. Linnaea 14: 380. 1840.
Monnina sylvicola Chod. Buil. Soe. Bot. Belg. 307: 303. 1891.
Michoacin to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central
America.
Branching, apparently shrubby, incurved-puberulous; leaves lance-ovate to
elliptic or oval, 7.38 to 12 em. long, 2.5 to 6 ecm. wide, sparsely strigillose ;
racemes 18 em. long or less; bracts lance-subulate, 5 mm. long; wings suborbicu-
lar, 4 to 4.7 mm. long; drupe crested, 6 to 7 mm. long.
4. Monnina guatemalensis Chod. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 249. 1896.
Chiapas. Northern Guetemala; type from Coban.
Shrub with stout, yellow-green, spreading-pilosulous branches; leaves
oval, 5.5 to 11 ecm. long, 2.6 to 7 cm. wide, short-pointed, yellowish green;
racemes several, 16 cm. long or less; bracts lance-ovate, acuminate, 4.8 to 7
mm, long; wings obovate-suborbicular, 4.3 to 4.8 mm. long; drupe 8 mm. long.
5. Monnina subserrata Chod. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 250. 1896.
Mexico, without definite locality.
Branches stout, hirsutulous with very soft thick hairs; leaves lanceolate,
6.5 to 8 em. long, 2.8 to 3.5 em. wide or smaller, acute, cinerascent-hirsutulous
both sides, the younger tomentose; racemes comose; wings obovate-cuneate.
76. EUPHORBIACEAE. Spurge Family.
Trees or shrubs; juice often milky; leaves usually alternate, sometimes oppo-
Site, entire, dentate, or lobate; stipules often present; flowers unisexual, monoe-
596 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
cious or dioecious, variously arranged, usually regular; perianth commonly
small, sometimes showy, often wanting; anthers 2-celled ; fruit usually capsular,
sometimes drupaceous, commonly 3-celled but often with fewer or more nu-
merous cells; seeds frequently carunculate.
A large family of plants, represented in Mexico also by numerous herbaceous
species. The sap usually has purgative and often poisonous properties.
Flowers surrounded by an involucre containing both pistillate and staminate
flowers; perianth none or minute.
Involucre: cuplike, resular a ep 2 sat) Sit eS es a ebuUPeOonR BLAS
Involucre very irregular, oblique______________________ 2. PEDILANTHUS.
Flowers not involucrate or, if so, the involucre containing only staminate or
pistillate flowers; perianth present and usually well developed.
Ovules 2 in each cell; stamens, at least the outer ones, opposite the sepals.
Leaves all-or mostly opposite=—-- ==" _** hse 8. TETRACOCCUS.
Leaves alternate.
Fruit drupaceous; flowers racemose, dioecious________ 4. HIERONYMA.
Fruit capsular, rarely fleshy; flowers never racemose.
Hlowers “monoecious se ae ee ee 5. PHYLLANTHUS.
Mowers: GioeciouS 2 = se 223s ee ee 6. ASTROCASIA.,
Ovule 1 in each cell; stamens, at least the outer ones, alternate with the
Sepals.
Stamens in bud bent inward, the apex of the anther turned downward.
Staminate flowers usually with petals; flowers mostly in terminal
COMICS Ree bees Sep ak a Lo a ta hs! Py a a 7. CROTON.
Stamens erect in bud.
A. Calyx lobes valvate.
Petals present in the staminate flowers.
Petals’ $ toi2' stamens numerous 455 eee 8. GARCIA.
Petals 4 or 5; stamens 5 to 15.
Petals entire; stamens in 2 or 8 series______________ 9. DITAXIS.
Petals lobed; stamens in one series______ 10. CHIROPETALUM.
Petals none.
Stamens numerous, the filaments repeatedly branched; leaves lobed.
11. RICINUS.
Stamens few or numerous, the filaments simple; leaves not lobed.
Styles united; plants usually with stinging hairs.
Inflorescence subtended by 2 large showy bracts; stamens usu-
ally 20" to 302... ees 12. DALECHAMPTA.
Inflorescence with small inconspicuous bracts; stamens 3 or
fewer 2.020 U0) (00) epee ee ees eee 13. TRAGIA.
Styles distinct; plants without stinging hairs.
Anther cells elongate, often cylindric and curved, separated.
14. ACALYPHA.
Anther cells globose, or oblong and adnate.
Anther,, cells, ¢lobosé_-_ == 2 ae 15. BERNARDIA.
Anther cells elongate.
Leaves entire; styles lacerate__.___________ 16. ADELIA.
Leaves dentate; styles entire__________ 17. ALCHORNEA.
AA. Calyx lobes imbricate.
Corolla present or, if absent, the plants with stinging hairs.
18. JATROPHA.
Corolla none; plants never with stinging hairs.
Leaves deeply lobed___-_-._____-___ = ee fe Se 19. MANTIHOT.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 597
Leaves entire or toothed. ;
Capsule large, 5 to 20-celled, elastically dehiscent; bracts large,
membranaceous, inclosing the buds, in anthesis irregularly
Cleft aslatta tt 6a. she! Secnel _pie Oh el Ded g oes e ! 20. HURA.
Capsule small, usually 3-celled, or the fruit drupaceous and many-
celled.
Stamens? Numeroussieaawe el AS) sc) Beat ae eS 21. MABEA.
Stamens 1 to 3.
Staminate calyx none or rudimentary.
Inflorescence terminal___________--_ 22. DALEMBERTIA.
Inflorescences axillary, == = svete 23. GYMNANTHES.
Staminate calyx well developed.
Calyx 3 to 6-parted.
Seeds carunculate; inflorescence usually terminal.
24. SEBASTIANTA.
Seeds ecarunculate; inflorescence axillary.
25. CORYTHEA.
Calyx shallowly lobate.
Stamens united; fruit drupaceous____26. HIPPOMANE.
Stamens distinct; fruit capsular.
Column of the capsule present, the seeds usually persist-
ent upon it after dehiscence of the capsule.
27. SAPIUM.
Column none, but the receptacle usually persistent after
the fall of the capsule cells, becoming indurate, 2 or
AOTC pe a oy ee. 28. STILLINGIA.
1. EUPHORBIA L. Sp. Pl. 450. 1753.
REFERENCE: Boissier in DC. Prodr. 157: 7-187. 1865.
Shrubs or small trees with milky juice; leaves alternate, opposite, or verticil-
late, on long or short petioles, usually entire; flowers involucrate, the involucre
cuplike, 4 or 5-lobed, with 4 or 5 glands within, the glands often with petal-like
appendages; perianth none; flowers unisexual; stamen 1 in the staminate
flowers; fruit a 3-lobed capsule.
One of the largest genera of plants, represented in Mexico also by many
herbaceous species. The genus is divided by some authors into several, but the
present writer has preferred to consider the species as belonging to a single
genus.
Euphorbia splendens Bojer, the “ crown-of-thorns,’ a native of Madagascar,
is often cultivated in Mexico, where it is known as “corona de Cristo.” It
has somewhat climbing stems which are covered with long stout spines; the
involucre is subtended by two large red bracts.
A. Leaves alternate, only those of the inflorescence, if any, opposite.
Glands of the involucre without petal-like appendages.
leaves IV cme lonegompnorter= ore aie Be aed et 1. E. longecornuta.
Leaves 2 to 15 em. long or larger.
eaves*andstemsipubeseent_ 2-2. a 2. E. fulva.
Leaves and stems glabrous or nearly so.
Bracts brfght red; leaves long-petiolate, broadest at or below the mid-
GISSMOLtent Volpe te et) 7 opt hs ota eerie eee tel sie 5. E. pulcherrima.
Bracts green, white, or yellowish, rarely pink; leaves sessile or short-
_ petiolate, broadest above the middle, entire.
Leaves 2 to 45 em. long; floral bracts acute______-- 6. E. xylopoda,
598 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves 6 to 30 em. long or larger; bracts suborbicular.
Leaves mosthky 6 to 15 em. long, the blade decurrent to the base of
the: petiole wet ccult:) esupttcs Py ae eee wh 7S eae 3. E. calyculata.
Leaves about 30 cm. long, on naked peticles__________ 4. E. elata.
Glands of the involucre with petal-like appendages.
Blantsinormaily leatless.. sa 56252 2 see es 7. E. antisyphilitica.
Plants leafy, at least in the inflorescence.
Appendages bright red; leaves glabrous________»________ 8. E. fulgens.
Appendages white or yellowish or, if reddish, the leaves pubescent.
Involueres glabrous i= 2. 5 eel ses eater eieel 9. E. californica.
Involucres pubescent.
Stems naked, the inflorescence leafy__________ 10. E. consoquitlae.
Stems leafy.
Stems very thick, gnarled and crooked, woody throughout.
11. E. misera.
Stems long and slender, suffrutescent.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so_______________ 12. E. tresmariae.
Leaves densely pilose beneath, at least when young.
13. E. oaxacana.
AA. Leaves all opposite or verticillate.
Leaves opposite, more or less oblique at base, usually distichous, sometimes
dentate; stipules deltoid to linear.
MBeAVESMMNEhY, TOOEDEG = = sr ek 2 rete ane peta a beta! 14. E. tomentulosa.
Leaves entire.
ECR V OS CUTE TS SAEED U9 15. E. fruticulosa.
Leaves rounded or obtuse at apex.
Capsule glabrous; leaves mostly 1 em. long or shorter.
16. E. magdalenae.
Capsule puberulent; leaves mostly 1 to 2 em. long__17. E. anthonyi.
Leaves mostly verticillate, not oblique at base, entire; stipules glandlike.
Ikeaves' nears! ee tie 06 Nah ATES Es MA ae a 18. E. peganoides.
Leaves lanceolate to orbicular.
Inyolucres glabrous, the appendages nearly obsolete.
19. E. schlechtendalii.
Involucres sparsely or densely pubescent, the appendages well developed.
Appendages of the glands linear to oblong, much longer than broad.
Appendages cleft into linear lobes____-_-_-_--_--- 20. EB. chiapensis.
Appendages not cleft into linear lobes.
Bracts of the inflorescence inconspicuous, small, green.
21. E. tricolor.
Bracts conspicuous, large, white_____________ 22. E. leucocephala.
Appendages broadly ovate to reniform, as broad as long or broader.
Bractlets of the inflorescence white or pink, conspicuous.
23. E. lucii-smithii.
Bracelets green, inconspicuous. i
Leaves orbicular or nearly so, mostly 4 to 18 em. wide.
24. E. cotinifolia.
Leaves oblong or oblanceolate to ovate, 3 cm. wide or less.
Appendages longer than the tube of the involucre__25. E. xanti.
Appendages shorter than the tube of the involucre.
Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, broadest above the middle,
usually pubescent beneath_________.__-_____ 26. E. plicata.
Leaves mostly ovate or elliptic, broadest at or below the mid-
dle, glabrous or nearly so____________ 27. E. colletioides.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 599
1. Euphorbia longecornuta S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 161. 1890.
Nuevo Leén; type from Sierra de Ja Silla, near Monterrey.
Stems very thick and woody below, 20 cm. high, densely branched, minutely
puberulent; leaves very numerous, oblong or elliptic, acute or acutish, very
short-petiolate; glands with long-attenuate horns.
2. Euphorbia fulva Stapf, Kew Bull. 1907: 294. 1907.
Euphorbia elastica Alt. & Rose, El Palo Amarillo 1. pi. 1-4. 1905. Not E.
elastica Jumelle, 1905.
Euphorbiodendron fulvum Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 805. 1909.
Jalisco and Guanajuato to Oaxaca.
Tree, 8 to 10 meters high, with smooth yellow bark; leaves 3 to 6 cm. long,
1 to 4 cm. wide, glabrous above or nearly so, Gensely pubescent beneath; flow-
ering branches usually leafless, forming a 4 or 5-rayed umbel; involucre
densely tomentose; capsule glabrous. Generally known as “palo amarillo”;
“palo colorado,’ ‘‘ palo de cuearacha”’ (Oaxaca, Reko).
This tree is of some importance as a source of rubber. The latex is thin
and yellowish white and does not coagulate readily. When dried it is a
doughlike, dark yellow substance. By tapping, about a liter of the latex may
be obtained from a tree. The greatest difficulty in development of the tree
as a source of rubber is found in the separation of the rubber from the resin,
the amount of the former being 18 to 20 per cent and of the latter 40 per cent.
The resin is said to make an excellent varnish. A good drying oil, suitable
for varnish, has been extracted from the seeds.’
3. Euphorbia calyculata H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 59. 1817.
Tithymalis calyculatus Klotzsch, Abh. Akad. Berlin 1860: $1. 1860.
EHuphorbiodendron calyculatum Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 305. 1909.
Michoacin and Guanajuato; type from Lake Patzcuaro, Michoacan.
Shrub of small tree, glabrous throughout, the branches densely leafly; leaves
oblanceolate, often very narrowly so, acute or obtuse, pale green; involucres
in broad leafy umbels, the bracts suborbicular, whitish or tinged with red,
apiculate. ‘‘ Chupire,” “ chupiri,” “ chupireni” (Michoacin, Tarascan, “ that
which burns”) ; “ tencuanete” or “tenquanete” (Ramirez).
The seeds are said to contain 30 per cent of oil, which has purgative proper-
ties similar to those of croton oil. The milky juice of the stems causes blisters
upon the skin and painful inflamation. This species is said to yield a kind
of rubber much inferior to that obtained from WH. fulva. The plant is
discussed by Hernandez’ in a chapter entitled “ De Chupiri, seu Charapeti,
aquam rubeo colore tingenti Arcano Venerei morbi.” He states that the
inhabitants of Michoacan emp!oyed the plant as a remedy for venereal diseases
and other affections.
4. Euphorbia elata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 55. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, Finca Irlanda, Chiapas.
Glabrous tree, 7 meters high; leaves oblanceolate, about 8 em. wide; obtuse
or acutish; cymes naked, long-pedunculate; involucres about 9 mm. broad, the
lobes lacerate; ovary glabrous.
*See F. Altamirano, El Palo Amarillo, pp. 1-8. nl. 1-4, Mexico, 1905; Al-
tamirano, El palo amarillo como productor de caucho, Mexico, 1905; Otto Stapf,
A new rubber tree; palo amarillo, Kew Bull. 1907: 294-296. 1907.
* Thesaurus 120. 1651.
600 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.; Klotzsch, Allg. Gartenz. 2: 27. 1834.
Poinsettia pulcherrima Graham, Edinburgh New Phil. Journ. 20: 412. 1836.
Huphorbia fastuosa Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 80. 1887.
Jalisco to Oaxaca and Veracruz; cultivated in all the warmer parts of
Mexico. Central America; cultivated generally in tropical regions.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 8 meters high, the branches glabrous; leaves large,
usually broadly ovate or panduriform, acuminate, long-petiolate, glabrous or
sometimes pubescent beneath; bracts of the inflorescence large and leaflike,
bright red; involucres yellow. “Flor de Pascua” (Michoacin, Guerrero,
Veracruz, Hidalgo, ete., Central America, Cuba); ‘“ Santa Catarina,” “ flor
de Santa Catarina” (Oaxaca); “Catalina” (Durango, Hidalgo); ‘“ pafio
holandés”” (Oaxaca); ‘“ cuitla-xochitl” (Nahuatl); “flor de Nochebuena,”
“pafio de Holanda,” “flor de fuego,” ‘“‘ Nochebuena ”; “ bandera” (Durango) ;
“bebeta”’ (Veracruz); ‘“ pastora” (Costa Rica); “pastores” (Nicaragua) ;
“Pascuas” (Philippines).
This plant, which is generally known as “ poinsettia,” is cultivated widely
in tropical countries and also in hothouses in temperate regions. In the United
States it is especially common in florists’ shops about Christmas time. The
bright red floral leaves make the plant extremely showy. It grows readily
from cuttings.
The bark is said to contain a red coloring principle, and it is reported that
the bracts yield a scarlet dye. In Mexico a decoction of the bracts is some-
times taken by nursing women to increase the flow of milk, but the practice
is said to be dangerous. The leaves are applied as poultices for erysipelas and
various cutaneous affectations, and Grosourdy states that the milky juice was
employed by the Indians to remove hair from the skin.
6. Euphorbia xylopoda Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad, 33: 480. 1898.
Known only from the type locality, hills of Las Sedas, Oaxaca, altitude
1,800 meters.
Slender glabrous shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high; leaves elliptic or obovate, 5
to 12 mm. wide, rounded to acutish at apex, pale beneath; involucres terminal,
solitary, the floral leaves green and white. ;
7, Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Mtinchen 1: 292. 1829-30.
Buphorbia occulta Klotzsch in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 277. 1856.
? Euphorbia cerifera Alcocer, Anal. Inst. Méd. Nac. Méx. 11: 155. 1911.
Coahuila to Hidalgo and Puebla.
Stems numerous, suffrutescent, 1 meter high or less, usually pale green,
minutely puberulent or glabrous, leafless, simple or branched; leaves said to
be linear; involucres puberulent, in small clusters along the stems; capsule
glabrous. ‘“ Candelilla” (Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, Coahuila, Durango,
Nuevo Le6n). ;
A kind of wax thickly covers the branches, and factories in Nuevo Leon
and San Luis Potosi have engaged in the extraction of this substance. The
plant frequently grows with the guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray).
To obtain the wax, the branches are boiled in water, whereupon it rises to
the surface. It is grayish in the crude state but after refining becomes yellow
and finally white. It is used (mixed with paraffin) for candles, which burn
with a bright light and agreeable odor. It is said to be excellent for oint-
ments and for soap making, and has been found suitable for phonograph
records and as an insulating agent in electrical work. The wax has been used
also in shoe polish, floor polish, and lubricants, and for waterproofing. The
plant has purgative properties and is much used in Mexico as a remedy for
venereal diseases.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 601
8. Euphorbia fulgens Karw. Allg. Gartenz. 2: 26. 1834.
Euphorbia jacquiniaeflora Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 3673. 1839,
Trichosterigma fulgens Klotzsch, Abh. Akad. Berlin 1860: 42. 1860.
Oaxaca and probably elsewhere; type from Zacatepec.
Stems suffruticose, glabrous; leaves slender-peticlate, lanceolate or nar-
rowly lanceolate, 6 to 10 cm. long, 1 te 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate; involucres few,
axillary, solitary or cymose, the lobes petal-like, bright red; capsule glabrous.
A showy plant, sometimes cultivated in hothouses.
9. Euphorbia californica Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 49. pl. 23B. 1844.
Huphorbia hindsiana Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 51. pl. 24. 1844.
Euphorbia comonduana Millsp. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 229. 1889.
Trichosterigma californicum Klotzsch & Garcke, Abh. Akad. Berlin 1860: 42.
1860.
Trichosterigma hindsianum Wlotzsch & Garcke, Abh. Akad. Berlin 1860: 42.
1860.
Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Magdalena Bay, Baja Cali-
fornia.
Shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves long-petiolate,
usually orbicular or nearly so, 0.8 to 3 cm. long, rounded or emarginate at
base, thin or somewhat fleshy; involucres solitary or clustered, with short
whitish appendages.
10. Euphorbia consoquitlae T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 327.
1920.
Type from Consoquitla, Veracruz.
Branched shrub with greenish brnches; involucres in small leafy-bracted
panicles, pubescent, long-pedunculate, the lobes about 2 mm. long, obtuse; cap-
sules glabrous.
11. Euphorbia misera Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 51. 1844.
Trichosterigma miserum Klotzsch & Garcke, Abh. Akad. Berlin 1860: 42. 1860.
Euphorbia benedicta Greene, Pittonia 1: 263. 1889.
Baja California; type from San Quentin. Southern California.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, or a small tree with very thick trunk, the branches
gray or brownish; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades orbicular or nearly so,
mostly 1 cm. long or shorter, usually pubescent; involucres mostly terminal,
Solitary or cymose, with whitish appendages; capsule glabrous or pubescent.
12. Euphorbia tresmariae (Millsp.) Standl.
Huphorbia subcaerulea tresmariae Millsp. U. 8S. Dept. Agr. N. Amer. Fauna
14: 88. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Maria Madre Island, Tepic.
Slender shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades mostly rhombic-ovate or
ovate-oval, 0.8 to 1.5 cm. long, thin, obtuse or rounded at the apex; involucres
numerous, with whitish appendages; capsule glabrous.
13. Euphorbia oaxacana Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer, Acad. 32: 37. 1896.
Euphorbia latericolor T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 377. 19138.
Aklema oaxacana Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 416. 1916.
Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz; type from Monte Albin, Oaxaca, altitude
1,740 meters.
Slender shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high, the branches pubescent at first but
soon glabrate; leaves slender-petiolate, the blades oval or ovate, 2 to 4 cm. long,
obtuse, pubescent on both surfaces when young; involucres clustered Or cymose.
lateral or terminal.
602 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
14. Euphorbia tomentulosa 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 476. 1887.
Chamaesyce tomentulosa Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 412. 1916.
Baja California and Sonora; type from Rosario, Baja California.
Low shrub, 60 cm. high or less, with dichotomous branches; leaves short-
petiolate, oval or rounded-oval, 5 to 17 mm. long, finely pubescent; involucres
pubescent, clustered at the ends of the branches, the glands purplish, with
white appendages; capsule glabrous.
15. Euphorbia fruticulosa Engelm.; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 157: 38. 1865.
Chamaesyce fruticosa Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 409. 1916..
Known only from the type locality, Saltillo, Coahuila.
Glabrous erect shrub, 30 cm. high or less; leaves ovate, glaucescent, 4 to 6
mm. long.
16. Euphorbia magdalenae Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 50. 1844.
Euphorbia blepharostipula Millsp. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 77. 1890.
Chamaesyce magdalenae Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 410. 1916.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Low slender shrub with glabrous or minutely puberulent branches; leaves
nearly sessile, oblong or oval, often emarginate; appendages of the glands white.
17. Euphorbia anthonyi T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 7. 1899.
Euphorbia clarionensis T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 7. 1899.
Baja California; type from San Benito Island.
Stout shrub, 40 em. high or less, nearly glabrous; leaves nearly sessile, broadly
oblong or oblong-cbovate, rounded at apex, very unequal at base; glands of the
involucre dark brown, the appendages well develcped or nearly obsolete.
18. Euphorbia peganoides Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 22. 1860.
Aklema peganoides Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 416. 1916.
Colima; type from some unknown Iccality in Mexico.
Shrub, glabrous or nearly so; leaves 2.5 to 8 cm. long, nearly sessile; in-
yolucres glabrous or sparsely puberulent, mostly in terminal cymes, the ap-
pendages white, semiorbicular.
19. Euphorbia schlechtendalii Boiss. Cent. Euphorb. 18. 1860.
Alectoroctonum ovatum Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 252. 1847.
Euphorbia mayana Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 304. pl. 16. 1896.
Luphorbia nelsonii Millsp. Bot. Gaz. 26: 268. 1898.
Aklema ovata Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 416. 1916.
Tamaulipas to Sinaloa, Oaxaca, and Yucatén; type from Actopin and
Papantla, Veracruz. Guatemala and Nicaragua.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 4.5 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves
slender-petioled, the blades variable in shape, orbicular, ovate, or broadly
obovate, 1 to 5 em. long, rounded to acutish at apex; involucres in terminal
cymes, the appendages of the glands usually very narrow; capsule glabrous
“ Sac-chacah ” (Yucatén, Maya); “ mulatilla” (Oaxaca).
The sap is said to yield a kind of rubber.
20. Euphorbia chiapensis T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 54. 1914.
Humecanthus chiapensis Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 414. 1916.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Sierra de Tonalé, Chiapas.
Slender glabrous shrub, 1 meter high; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate cr lance-
ovate, 3 to 6 em. long, obtuse; involuecres in terminal and axillary cymes; ap-
pendages of the glands each cleft into 2 linear lobes.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 603
21. Euphorbia tricolor Greenm. Proce. Amer. Acad. 33: 479. 1898.
Aklema tricolor Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 417. 1916.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacan, Puebla.
Slender shrub, 1 ‘meter high or less, the branches puberulent at first; leaves
slender-petiolate, oblong-ovate to ovate-orbicular, 1 to 2 cm. long, sparsely
pubescent beneath; involucres in small terminal cymes, the appendages oblong-
ovate, entire or nearly so, white or purplish.
22. Euphorbia leucocephala Lotsy, Bot. Gaz. 20: 350. pl. 24. 1895.
Chiapas. Guatemala and Honduras; type from Cuilco, Guatemala.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, lance-oblong to oblong-oval,
3 to 6.5 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, sparsely pubescent beneath; in-
florescence terminal, large, of numerous cymes, the white bracts very conspicu-
ous; appendages of the glands oblong-ovate. ‘‘ Puno-puno,” “flor de nif,”
“flor de Pascua.” (Chiapas).
23. Euphorbia lucii-smithii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 36. 1896.
Michoacén to Chiapas; type from Rancho de Calder6n, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high, the branches tomentulose; leaves slender-petiolate,
‘usually elliptic, 2 to 5 em. long, obtuse or acute, pubescent beneath ; inflorescence
terminal, leafy, the bracts white, pink, or red; appendages oblong or ovate,
white; capsule glabrous.
Specimens from Chiapas are noteworthy because of their villous stems.
24. Euphorbia cotinifolia L. Amoen. Acad. 3: 112. 1756.
Alectoroctonum cotinifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 252. 1845.
Alectoroctonum scotanum Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 252. 1845.
Alectoroctonum yavalquahuitl Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 252. 1845.
Euphorbia scotana Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15°: 60. 1865.
Aklema cotinifolia Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 416. 1916.
Oaxaca and Veracruz. Central America and northern South America; type
from Curacao.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high; leaves long-petioled, rounded-ovate or
orbicular, 5 to 14 cm. long, glabrous beneath or sparsely pubescent; involucres
in dense terminal cymes; appendages of the glands broader than long, crenate.
“'Trompillo,” ‘“ pifioncillo,”. mala-mujer”’ (Oaxaca); ‘ mata-gallina” (Vera-
cruz); “barrabis” (Costa Rica); “sapo” (Nicaragua); “hierba mala”
(Guatemala) ; “ lechera” (Venezuela) ; ‘“ manzanillo” (Colombia).
The milky sap has violent emetic-cathartic properties, and in doses of even
small quantity is poisonous. It has been employed by some of the Indians of
Central America for criminal poisoning. The natives of certain parts of South
America are said to make use of it as an arrow poison and for poisoning fish.
The juice is sometimes used to cauterize ulcers. The seeds also are said to have
drastic purgative properties.
25. Euphorbia xanti Engelm.; Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 157: 62. 1865.
Euphorbia gymnoclada Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 171. 1861. Not HZ. gym-
noclada Boiss. 1860.
Aklema xanti Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 417. 1916.
Baja California; type from Cabo de San Lucas.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, with glabrous branches; leaves petiolate, linear-
lanceolate to elliptic or broadly obovate, glabrous or nearly so; involucres few,
axillary or in terminal cymes; appendages white or pink, rounded-obovyate.
‘“ Liga.”
The leaves are remarkably variable in form, and it may be that the materia!
represents two species; but the involuere characters are uniform. The milky
604 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
juice of the plant sometimes gets upon the lips and faces of feeding animals
and causes the hair to fall out. If it comes into contact with their eyes it pro-
duces severe inflammation and even blindness.
26. Euphorbia plicata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 438. 1886.
Aklema plicata Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 417. 1916.
Chihuahua and Sonora to Jalisco; type from Hacienda San Miguel, south-
western Chihuahua.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, with glabrous branches; leaves petiolate, 2.5
to 10 cm. long, obtuse; involucres in terminal cymes or axillary clusters; ap-
pendages of the glands orbicular, entire or crenulate, white; capsule glabrous.
“Candelilla china’ (Sinaloa).
In Sinaloa the juice is said to be used in very small doses as a purgative.
27. Euphorbia colletioides Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 168. 1844.
Euphorbia padifolia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 54. 1914.
Aklema colletioides Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 416. 1916.
Sonora to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub, about a meter high, with glabrous stems; leaves slender-petiolate, 3 to
6 em. long, obtuse or acute, pale beneath ; involucres numerous, in broad termi-
nal cymes; appendages of the glands white, semiorbicular; capsule glabrous.
It is probable that Z. ligustrina Boiss.,* described from Mexico, is a synonym,
but it is described as having ovate appendages.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
EUPHORBIA ROSSIANA Pax, Repert, Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 162. 1910. Type ss
Zapotitlin, near Tehuacin, Puebla. The leaves are not described.
2. PEDILANTHUS Neck. Elem. Bot. 2: 354. 1790.
REFERENCE: Millspaugh, Field Mus. Bot. 2: 853-371. 1913.
Shrubs with fleshy branches, the juice milky; leaves alternate, deciduous;
flowers monoecious, small, surrounded by an oblique involucre; fruit a 3-lobate
capsule.
The following vernacular names are reported for plants of the genus whose
specific determination is doubtful: “‘ Perico”’ (Durango) ; “ aymoz” (Chiapas) ;
“tamaulipa”’ (Veracruz).
Involuecre hood-shaped, the appendix larger than the tube___-_-___~- 1. P. finkii,
Involucre shoe-shaped, the appendix smaller than the tube.
Lobe of the appendix entire.
Staminate pedicels pubescent, the pistillate ones glabrous.
2. P. tithymaloides.
Staminate and pistillate pedicels glabrous.
heaves Clabrous ee Ase Ae eS RAS oe ee 3. P. parasiticus.
Leaves pubescent.
Glands ‘ofithe appendix 420234 520 1 _ Te Psa 4. P. pringlei.
Glands 72 so abe See voles Nels a 5. P. campester.
Lobe of the appendix bipartite or tripartite.
Lobe of the appendix tripartite.
Divisions of the appendix all on one plane________________ 6. P. itzaeus.
Divisions of the appendix on different planes, 2 of them superior and one
inferior) sa Hie 70. WO 1 ee Re . P 7. P. peritropoides.
*Cent. Euphorb. 22. 1860.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 605
Lobe of the appendix bipartite.
Colored floral bracts absent.
Peduncle centrally affixed to the involucre tube____8. P. macrocarpus.
Peduncle affixed posteriorly to the tube.
Appendix projecting along the margin of the fissure__9. P. aphyllus.
Appendix not projecting along the margin of the fissure.
Tube of the appendix glabrous inside___________ 10. P. nodiflorus.
TUDE SDUDESCEIMG INSIde se =e ee ee ee ee 11. P. cymbiferus.
Colored floral bracts present, conspicuous, exceeding the inflorescence.
Involucral tube glabrous.
Glands ior ther appendix 2222. ee ee eee 12. P. articulatus.
Glandspor. therappendix 402. = ea Sees ae ee 13. P. bracteatus.
Involucral tube puberulent or pilose.
Capsule with hornlike projections__________-_-_____ 14. P. spectabilis.
Capsule without hornlike projections.
Involucralstubespilosey hei & te 8b are a8 acca dest Paka 15. P. pavonis.
Involueral tube puberulent.
Pistillate pedicels pubescent, the staminate ones glabrous.
Stamens) clan ROWS ee ts eee ee 16. P. palmeri.
Stamens pubescent2 se a eo 17. P. tomentellus,
Pistillate and staminate pedicels glabrous.
Lobes of the appendix all laterally compressed.
obes ‘clabrous! 222 = 222 2 ee 18. P. greggii.
Lobes) puberulent22 32 ee 19. P. olsson-sefferi.
Lobes partly linear or flabellate.
Lateral and fifth lobes of the tube flabellate.
20. P. involucratus.
Lateral and fifth lobes linear_____________ 21. P. rubescens.
1. Pedilanthus finkii Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 157: 1261. 1866.
Known only from the type locality, Cérdoba, Veracruz.
Shrub with hollow stems; leaves oblong, 10 to 14 em. long, acute.
2. Pedilanthus tithymaloides (L.) Poit. Ann, Mus. Hist. Nat. 19: 390. 1812.
Euphorbia tithynaloides L. Sp. Pl. 453. 1753.
Tamaulipas and perhaps elsewhere. Central America, West Indies, and
northern South America.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate or oblong, 3.5 to 7.5 em. long,
acute, cuneate at base, glabrous; involucres purple; capsule 9 mm. broad.
“Candelilla” (Tamaulipas); “ dictamno” ( Nicaragua); “bitamo” (Costa
Rica) ; “ftamo real,” “gallito colorado” (Cuba); “ dictamo real” (Cuba,
Colombia) ; pié de nino” (Guatemala) ; “ ponopinito” (Venezuela).
The milky juice is caustic, irritant, and emetic, and is sometimes used in
domestic medicine. It is employed in some regions for venereal diseases. The
plant is sometimes cultivated under the names “ slipper-plant,” ‘ bird-cactus,”
“redbird cactus,” and “ Jew-bush.”
3. Pedilanthus parasiticus Klotzsch & Garcke, Monatsb. Akad. Berlin 253. 1859.
Pedilanthus ramosissimus Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15*: 5. 1862.
Known only from the type collection, which is said to have come from
Mexico.
Leaves 2.5 em. long or shorter, rounded or subecordate at base.
4. Pedilanthus pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 322. 1894.
Oaxaca to San Luis Potosi; type from Las Palmas, San Luis Potosi.
Guatemala.
606 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves 4 to 5 cm. long, acuminate, pubescent;
involucres dark purplish red; capsule 7 mm. long, long-stipitate.
5. Pedilanthus campester T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 56. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, dry rocky plains, ‘“ Picaco-San Ge-
ronimo,” Oaxaca.
Leaves ovate, acute, about 6 cm. long and 3 cm. wide, pubescent.
6. Pedilanthus itzaeus Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 305. 1896.
Yucatin; type from Silam. Cuba and Santo Domingo.
Glabrous shrub, 1.5 meters high; leaves ovate, acute, 5 to 7.5 em. long, 4 to
6 cm. wide, fleshy; involucres light pink. ‘‘ Yaxahalche” (Yucatan, Maya).
Sometimes cultivated as an ornamental plant. Dondé states that laundresses
employ the leaves for bleaching clothes. Two or three drops of the milky
juice in water are sometimes taken as a purgative, but its use is dangerous.
7. Pedilanthus peritropoides Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 369. 1913.
Known only from the type locality, Coahuayula, Michoacin.
Glabrous shrub; leaves oblong to ovate, 12 to 15 em. long, 5 to 6 cm. wide,
rounded at apex.
8. Pedilanthus macrocarpus Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph 49. pl. 23. f. A. 1844.
Baja California and Sonora to Colima; type from Magdalena Bay, Baja
California.
Shrub, about a meter high; capsule about 2 cm. broad. “ Candelilla” (Baja
California ).
The juice is said to yield a kind of rubber.
9. Pedilanthus aphyllus Boiss.; Klotzsch & Garcke, Abh. Akad. Berlin 106.
1860.
Pedilanthus calcaratus Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 155. 1847.
Veracruz and Puebla.
Shrub, a meter high or less, with whitish branches, usually leafy; involucre
red, 2 em. long. ‘“ Periquito” (Oaxaca, Reko; perhaps relating to some other
species) ; ‘‘ gallitos”’ (Puebla, Urbina).
10. Pedilanthus nodiflorus Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 305. 1896.
Yucatéin; type from Silam.
Shrub, sometimes 2 meters high. widely branched, leafless; involucre red,
8 mm. long.
11. Pedilanthus cymbiferus Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 253. 1847.
Type from somewhere in Mexico.
Branches pubescent, leafless; involucres 12 mm. long.
12. Pedilanthus articulatus (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 157’:
6. 1862.
Diadenaria articulata Klotzsch & Garcke, Abh. Akad. Berlin 108. 1860.
Known only from the type, this said to have come from Mexico.
Leaves oblong, 4 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or retuse, cuneate at base, puberulent
18. Pedilanthus bracteatus (Jacq.) Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 157: 6. 1866.
Euphorbia bracteata Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 3: 14. pl. 276. 1798.
Based on specimens said to have come from Mexico.
Shrub, 1.2 meters high; leaves 10 cm. long, glabrous, oblong, obtuse.
14. Pedilanthus spectabilis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 23. 1907.
Zacatecas and Jalisco to Guerrero; type from Iguala Canyon, Guerrero.
Shrub, about 1 meter high, with gray branches; leaves oblong to broadly
ovate, 6 to 12 em. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, pubescent beneath; involucre
whitish, nearly 2 cm. long; capsule 1 cm. in diameter.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 607
15. Pedilanthus pavonis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 157: 6. 1866.
Diadenaria pavonis Wiotzsch & Garcke, Abh. Akad. Berlin 108. 1860,
Colima and perhaps elsewhere, the type from some unknown Mexican locality.
Leaves 12 to 17.5 cm. long, 6.5 to 7.5 em. wide, subsessile, acute, glabrous;
involucres 1.6 to 1.8 em. long.
This is the name which has usually been applied to Mexican species of the
genus by local writers. The following vernacular names have been reported,
but they probably refer to other species: ‘‘ Candelillo ” or “ candelilla”’ (Jalisco,
Oaxaca): “jumete” (Jalisco, Oaxaca); “ cordobain,”’ “ venenillo” (Oaxaca).
The plant is reputed to have purgative, emetic, emmenagogue, and antisyphilitic
properties.
16. Pedilanthus palmeri Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 364. 1913.
Known only from Tepic, the type locality.
Leaves acute or obtuse, cuneate at base, glabrous, sometimes 15 cm. long;
invoiucres red, 1.5 cm. long.
17. Pedilanthus tomentellus Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 164.
1896.
Oaxaca ; type from the city of Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high: leaves 4 to 5 cm. long, acute, pubescent; in-
volucres 1.2 cm. long. ‘“ Cordobiéin,” “ cordobancillo.”
18. Pedilanthus greggii Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 363. 19138.
Ixnown only from the type locality, semewhere in Mexico.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, about 9 em. long and 3 cm. wide, acute, puberulent.
19. Pedilanthus olsson-sefferi Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 363. 19138.
Known only frown the type locality, Tomellin, Oaxaca.
Leaves oblong to ovate, 8 to 6 em. long, obtuse, puberulent beneath; involucre
1 em. long.
20. Pedilanthus involucratus (Klotzsch & Gareke) Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 15?:
6. 1862.
Diadenaria involucrata Klotzsch & Garcke, Abh. Akad. Berlin 107. 1860.
Described from cultivated plants which were believed to be of Mexican
origin.
Shrub, about a meter high; leaves petiolate, oblong, 7.5 em. long, puberulent
beneath.
21. Pedilanthus rubescens T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 209. 1905.
Sinaloa; type from Culiacan.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with pale branches; leaves 9 cm. long or smaller,
ovate-lanceolate, nearly glabrous; floral leaves purplish red; involucres 2 cm,
Jong.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
PEDILANTHUS GHIESBREGHTIANUS Baill. Adansonia 1: 3840. 1861. Described
from Mexico.
PEDILANTHUS TEHUACANUS T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 55. 1914.
Type from Tehuacin, Puebla. No material seen by the writer, the diagnosis
too incomplete for determination of the position of the species.
3. TETRACOCCUS Engelm.; Parry, West Amer. Sci. 1: 18. 1885.
1. Tetracoccus dioicus Parry, West Amer. Sci. 1: 13. 1885.
Teiracoccus engelmanni S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 373. 1885.
Northern Baja California; type from Santo Tomas.
Much-branched glabrous shrub; leaves mostly opposite, linear, 1 to 2.5
em. long, entire; flowers small, dioecious, apetalous, mostly solitary in the
axils; capsule 4-lobate, about 6 mm. in diameter.
608 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. HIERONYMA Allem. Pl. Nov. Bras. 1848.
1. Hieronyma oblonga (Tulasne) Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 66. 1865.
Stilaginella oblonga Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 15: 248. 1851.
Stilaginella benthami Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 15: 248. 1851.
Puebla and Oaxaca. South America; type from British Guiana.
Tree or shrub; leaves alternate, obovate-lanceolate, 15 cm. long or smaller,
subcuspidate, acute at base, lepidote-pubescent when young; flowers small,
dioecious, racemose; fruit drupaceous.
5. PHYLLANTHUS L. Sp. PI. 981. 1753.
Shrubs or small trees, usually glabrous; leaves commonly distichous, small
or large, entire, stipulate; flowers small, racemose, paniculate, or fascicled
in the axils; fruit a capsule, sometimes fleshy and succulent.
Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. P. grandifolius L. has been
reported from Mexico upon the basis of a specimen collected by Sessé and
Mocifio; this, however, came from Porto Rico. Some species of the genus
are cultivated for ornament. Certain Old World species are employed for
poisoning fish.
Petioles half as long as the blades or longer________________ 1. P. neurocarpus.
Petioles much less than half as long as the blades.
Staminate calyx 4-parted.
Kruitteshy. stipules aentatee == =a eee ee 2. P. acidus,
HMrure arya; (StIpMlesTenbineve + sere. ares Lee eee ke eee ee eee 8. P. nobilis.
Staminate calyx 5- (or 6-) parted.
Anthers dehiscent by vertical slits.
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex, broadest above the middle.
4. P. galeottianus.
Leaves acute or acuminate, broadest near base_________-~ 5. P. purpusii.
Anthers dehiscent by horizontal or oblique slits.
Flowers in elongate racemes or panicles.
IMLOW.ETS ha COMOSG se Su eee a ee eee 6. P. oaxacanus,
Flowers paniculate.
Stipulesyoblanceolate: 35s 22 22 oe ee ee 7. P. tequilensis.
Stipules linear-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate_____~ 8. P. chiapensis.
Leaves obovate-oblong.
Leaves ovate to ovate-oval.
Pistillate calyx lobes pinnately nerved______~_ 9. P. glaucescens.
Pistillate calyx lobes 1-nerved______________ 10. P. adenodiscus.
Flowers solitary or fasciculate in the leaf axils.
Leaves acute or acuminate.
Staminate caly<aeto 15mm. long ee 11. P. acuminatus.
Stamimate cahyx 2:o mnt lons ena eee ee 12. P. mocinianus.
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex.
Leaves small, 5 mm. wide or narrower, broadest near apex.
13. P. subcuneatus.
Leaves large, 1 to 3.5 em. wide, broadest at or below the middle.
14. P. micrandrus.
1. Phyllanthus neurocarpus Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 69. 1865.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type collected between Victoria and Tula,
Tamaulipas.
Leaves orbicular-ovate, 1.2 to 3 em. long, rounded-obtuse, glabrous.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 609
2. Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 148:
17. 1909.
Averrhoa acida L. Sp. Pl. 428. 1753.
Cicca disticha lL. Mant. Pl. 1: 124. 1767.
Phyllanthus distichus Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 413. 1866.
Specimens seen from Tamaulipas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca, but perhaps only
cultivated in Mexico. Native of the East Indies but cultivated in most tropical
regions, and sometimes naturalized.
Shrub or small tree; leaves orbicular to oval-ovate, mostly 5 to 6 em. long,
short-pointed, distichous upon slender branches, these resembling pinnate leaves;
flowers pink, in lax panicles; fruit large and succulent, pale green; seed large,
lobate. ‘“Ciruela cortefa” (Oaxaca): ‘“manzana estrella” (Tamaulipas) ;
“ srosella”’ (Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Cuba); ‘‘ cerezo comtin,” ‘“ cerezo de la
tierra’ (Porto Rico) ; * cerezo occidental” (Cuba).
This plant is often cultivated in warm regions under the names “ Otaheite
gooseberry,” ‘‘ West Indian gooseberry,” ‘star gooseberry,’ and ‘“ jimbling.”
The fruit is nearly 2 cm. in diameter, with firm, acid, and astringent flesh.
It is usally pickled or made into preserves. The root and seeds are said to
have purgative and cathartic properties. The wood is described as rather
hard and fine-grained, with a specific gravity of 0.57.
8. Phyllanthus nobilis (Ll. f.) Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 114. 1866.
Margaritaria nobilis L. £. Suppl. Pl. 428. 1781.
Cicca antillana Juss. Tent. Euphorb. 108. 1824.
Yucatan. West Indies and Central America.
Shrub or tree, 4 to 20 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong or
elliptic-oblong, 5 to 12 em. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous; fruit about
6 mm. in diameter. ‘ Amortiguado,” “ avispillo,” “ higuerillo,” “ higuillo,”
“millo,” “palo de millo,” ‘ yuquillo,” “ siete-cueros” (Porto Rico).
4. Phylianthus galeottianus Baill. Adansonia 1: 32. 1860-61.
Phylianthus peninsularis T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 8. 1899.
Southern Baja California to Jalisco and Michoacin; type from Morelia,
Michoacan.
Slender shrub, a meter high or less, or almost wholly herbaceous; leaves
nearly sessile, rounded-obovate, 1 to 5 em. long; flowers clustered in the axils.
5. Phyllanthus purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 55. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro del Boquer6én, Chiapas.
Tree, 7 to 8 meters high, glabrous; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to
3.5 em. long, pale beneath.
6. Phyllanthus oaxacanus T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 185. 1915.
Known only from the type locality, San Ger6énimo, Oaxaca.
Leaves short-petiolate, broadly ovate-oval, 4 to 5 em. long, obtuse, glabrous.
7%. Phyllanthus tequilensis Robins. & Greenm. Proe. Amer. Acad. 29: 392. 1894.
Known only from the type locality, Tequila, Jalisco.
Leaves ovate-elliptic, 45 to 10 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex, pale
beneath ; capsule 3.5 em. broad.
8. Phyllanthus chiapensis Sprague, Kew Bull. 1909: 264. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, on dry hills, Cacate, Chiapas.
Shrub, 2 meters high; leaves 3.5 to 5 em. long, 1.5 to 2.3 em. wide, rounded at
apex, subcuneate at base; flowers reddish; capsule 3 em. broad or larger.
Reported by Hemsley as P. laziflorus Benth.
7808—23——_7
610 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. Phyllanthus glaucescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 115. 1817.
Yucatén Peninsula; type from Campeche. Guatemala.
Shrub ; leaves ovate-oval to orbicular-elliptic, 9 to 22 em. long, acute or short-
pointed, glabrous, pale beneath ; capsule more than 2 cm. in diameter. ‘ Xpbixt-
don” (Yucatan).
10. Phyllanthus adenodiscus Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 23. 1863.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type from Papantla, Veracruz.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves rounded-ovate to oblong-elliptic, 8 to 15
cm. long, acuminate, glabrous, pale beneath; capsule 4 cm. long or larger.
11. Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 95. 1791.
? Phyllanthus sessei Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 4: 224. 1900.
Baja California to San Luis Potosi, Yucatén, and Oaxaca. West Indies, Cen-
tral America, and South America.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high, with slender green angulate branches ; leaves
ovate to oval, mostly 3 to 4 cm. long, green; capsule about 4 mm. long. “ Cirue-
lilo” (Tabasco) ; “ chilillo,” “ gallina” (Costa Rica).
12. Phyllanthus mocinianus Baill. Adansonia 1: 35. 1860.
Described from specimens believed to have come from Mexico.
Glabrous; leaves ovate or cordate-ovate, 1.5 to 3 em. long.
13. Phyllanthus subcuneatus Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 478. 1898.
Puebla; type from limestone ledges near Tehuacan.
Slender shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves cuneate-cbovate, 4 to 7 mm. long,
glabrous; capsule 4 mm. broad.
14. Phyllanthus micrandrus Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 27. 1863.
Phyllanthus pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 147. 1891.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi and Guerrero. Guatemala; type from Venezuela.
Slender shrub or tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves orbicular or rounded-ovate,
1 to 3.5 cm. long, thin, glabrous; flowers greenish white.
6. ASTROCASIA Robins. & Millsp. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 36: Beibl. 80: 19. 1905.
1. Astrocasia phyllanthoides Robins. & Millsp. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 36: Beibl.
80: 20. 1905.
Yucatén; type from Itzimna.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves deciduous, slender-petiolate, orbicular to
ovate, 4 to 13 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, entire, pale beneath; flowers
dioecious, fasciculate on short lateral spurs, borne on long filiform pedicels;
capsule 8 mm, long. “ Xkahyuc,” ‘‘ xeaba-xpixtolon” (Maya).
This has been reported from Yucatin as Phyllanthus nutans Swartz.
7. CROTON L. Sp. Pl. 1004. 1753.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, petiolate, stipulate, entire or dentate,
rarely lobate; pubescence of stellate hairs or of scales; flowers small, monoe
cious or dioecious, with or without petals, racemose; fruit a more or less
3-Iebate capsule.
Several herbaceous species are found in Mexico. Croton eluteria (U.)
Swartz, of the Bahamas, produces the cascarilla bark of commerce, which is
employed in medicine as a tonic.
Petals well developed in both staminate and pistillate flowers. Pubescence
lepidote.
eaves pinnately neryedes 21-72. eee ae ee eee ee 1. C. glabellus.
Leaves 3 or 5-nerved at base.
Ovary and fruit smooth, densely lepidote___________-_-_---___- 2. C. niveus,
Ovary and truitavuberculate ni spd = ae eee 8. C. reflexifolius.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 611
Petals rudimentary Or absent in one or both kinds of flowers.
Petals rudimentary or absent in both kinds of flowers.
HIOW CES) MONOCCIOUS2 222 SI hE se ee Ven Peek 4. C. tenuilobus.
Flowers dioecious.
Staminate racemes long-pedunculate; capsule densely lepidote with short-
Tayed Iwealec} iW oS eerie eee Le eh ei 5. C. neomexicanus.
Staminate racemes sessile or short-pedunculate; capsule covered with
long-rayed scales.
Staminate racemes very short, few-flowered; leaves long-petiolate.
6. C. californicus.
Staminate racemes elongate, many-fiowered; leaves short-petiolate or
subsessile: 2s =. ER) OE 7. C. dioicus.
Petals well developed in the staminate flowers, rudimentary or obsolete in the
pistillate ones.
Racemes interrupted, the pistillate portion separated from the staminate
by a long sterile portion. Leaves dentate.
Leaves obovate-oblong, acute at base______________-__ 8. C. meissneri.
Leaves broadly ovate, rounded or subcordate at base____9. C. liebmanni.
Racemes continuous.
Lowest bracts of the racemes subtending both staminate and pistillate
flowers.
Glands none on the leaves.
Leaves acuminate, denticulate._.________________ 10. C. stipulaceus,
Leaves obtuse or abruptly short-pointed at apex, entire.
11. C. suberosus.
Glands present on the lower surface of the leaf near the base.
Styles divided to the base, the branches laciniate or bifid.
Leaves obscurely 5-nerved or often pinnate-nerved, rhombic-
Lanceolat.e aia sie writs Bi ees Sms POT 12. C. grewiaefolius.
Leaves conspicuously palmate-nerved, broadly ovate.
13. C. gossypiifolius.
Styles divided to the base, the branches, however, entire.
Stipules: subulateimso wiht Stow Pee v3 14. C. panamensis.
Stipules ovate or lance-ovate______________ 15. C. draco.
Lowest bracts subtending only pistillate flowers.
Pubescence of scalelike hairs.
Leaves densely lepidote on the upper surface___16. C. amphileucus.
Leaves glabrate on the upper surface.
Leaves obtuse or rounded at apex_____________ 17. C. hypoleucus.
heaves long-aeuminate- 3. oO.) _ jo. eee 18. C. watsonii.
Pubescence of stellate hairs.
A. Stipules glandular-laciniate or glandular-denticulate.
Pubescence of closely appressed, depressed hairs.
eavesoslandular-ciliate=2s22— eer eee 19. C. jucundus,
Leaves not glandular-ciliate.
Styles/once) dichotomuss#2) Sarat tee 20. C. adspersus.
Styles 2 or more times dichotomus____________ 21. C. soliman.
Pubescence of loose spreading hairs.
Styles once dichotomous, the branches entire.
Stipules;pinnately lobateie: 222 het 2 2 22. C. incanus.
Stipules palmately lobate____..____________ 23. C. suaveolens.
612 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Styles 2 or more times dichotomous or, if once dichotomous, the
branches not entire:
Leaves usually glandular-ciliate, entire or nearly so.
Stipules very short and inconspicuous; ciliation of the leaves
IN CONSPICUOUS 32s eer AT Sein 24. C. humilis.
Stipules long and conspicuous; ciliation of the leaves very
conspicuous.
Stamens about 40; divisions of the stipules long and slen-
der ; style branches entire__25. C. ciliato-glandulosus,
Stamens about 380; divisions of the stipules short and
stout; style branches laciniate________ 26. C. pulcher.
Leaves not ciliate, dentate.
Bractsilaciniatess 2 oten! atu adh Ap fern 27. C. ovalifolius.
Bracts entire. ; ;
Iheaves:.denticulateste!! ius of! _ fie eyes 28. C. stylosus, ©
Leaves coarsely duplicate-dentate___29. C. macrodontus.
AA. Stipules entire.
Style branches 2 or more times dichotomous, often laciniate. Leaves
coarsely dentate 2s hea a2 SO ee gi ees 30. C. repens.
Style branches once dichotomous.
Stamens 20 to 50. Leaves with glands at base.
Stamens 85 to 50; leaves serrulate______ 31. C. xalapensis.
Stamens 20 to 30; leaves entire_________ 32. C. subfragilis.
Stamens 6 to 20.
Leaves with large glands on the lower surface at the base.
33. C. mexicanus.
Leaves without glands, or these very obscure.
Pistillate racemes very dense and congested in fruit, many-
flowered; pistillate flowers sessile or nearly so.
Leaves entire, long-petiolate________ 384. C. cladotrichus.
heaves) repand-dentates.— ==. = aes 35. C. francoanus.
Pistillate racemes lax, usually few-flowered, if dense the
pistillate flowers long-pedicellate.
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex.
Leaves mostly palmate-nerved at base; pistillate sepals
ACErES Cent 2s. walt geese 36. C. corymbulosus.
Leaves pinnate-nerved; sepals not acecrescent.
Base of the leaf broadly rounded or subcordate; leaves
mostly Oval__-1--.--2-4-1 1-387. C. ehrenbergi,
Base of the leaf cuneate or obtuse; leaves mostly
oblong or ovate-oblong________ 38. C. torreyanus.
Leaves, at least most of them, acute or acuminate.
Stipules large, semireniform, foliaceous, persistent.
39. C. alamosanus.
Stipules small, linear or subulate, early deciduous.
Leaves pinnate-nerved, the basal nerves not con-
spicuous.
Leaves perfectly glabrous on the upper surface.
40. C. cortesianus.
Leaves pubescent on the upper surface.
Leaves thin, green on the upper surface, soon
‘plabratees. ses) aah 41. C. miradorensis.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 613
Leaves thin, pale and densely and very finely
steliate-pubescent on the upper surface.
42. C. rhamnifolius.
Leaves palmate-nerved, the basal nerves (usually 5)
very conspicuous.
Lobes of the capsule compressed and acutish above.
43. C. flavescens.
Lobes of the capsule broadly rounded.
Upper leaf surface pale, nearly or quite as densely
pubescent as the lower.
Leaves cordate at base, very short-petiolate;
larcesshrulb === eae 44. C. magdalenae.
Leaves not cordate at base, long-petiolate; very
f low, shrubps2 ees 386. C. corymbulosus.
Upper leaf surface bright green, usually glabrate.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so beneath at ma-
turity.
Leaves very scabrous on the upper surface,
the hairs with enlarged bases.
45. C. calvescens.
Leaves not scabrous, the hairs without en-
larged? bases] 2222 es 46. C. sonorae.
Leaves persistently and copiously pubescent
beneath.
Pubescence-of the lower leaf surface fine and
appressed? \ sie F asase 47. C. fragilis.
Pubescence of the lower leaf surface coarse
and spreading.
Capsule finely stellate-puberulent.
48. C. fruticulosus.
Capsule coarsely stellate-pillose.
49. C. morifolius.
1. Croton glabellus L. Amoen. Acad. 5: 409. 1760.
Croton schiedeanus Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 243. 1847.
Veracruz and Tabasco. Central America, West Indies, and northern South
America.
Shrub or small tree, the pubescence of small brown scales; leaves oblong-
eiliptic or oblong-ovate, 5 to 20 cm. long, short-petiolate, abruptly short-acu-
minate, entire, glabrate; flowers in long slender racemes; capsule coarsely
tuberculate. ‘“ Copalchi” (Tabasco, Costa Rica); “caobilla’” (Veracruz
Kanvirez) ; “ quizarré copalchi” (Costa Rica).
The wood is said to be strong, fine-grained, and durable.
2. Croton niveus Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 255. pl. 162. f. 2. 1763.
Croton pseudo-china Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 84. 1830.
Croton arboreus Milllsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 303. pl. 15. 1896.
Colima to ‘Tamaulipas, Yucatéin, and Chiapas. Central America, northern
South America, and West Indies; type from Cartagena, Colombia.
Shrub or tree (said sometimes to attain a height of 18 meters), the pu-
bescence of silvery scales; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 5 to 12 em. long or
larger, acute or acuminate, usually somewhat cordate at base, entire; flowers
in long or short racemes; capsule about 9 mm. long. “ Quina” (Oaxaca) ;
“quina blanca” (Veracruz) ; ‘ copalechi” (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Costa Rica, El
614 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Salvador, Nicaragua); “vara blanca” (Tamaulipas) ; “salvia de la playa”
(Colombia).
The bark is said to be similar in odor and flavor to cascarilla bark, for
which it is sometimes substituted. It contains a bitter principle, copalchin,
which is found also in other species of Croton. In commerce the bark is
known as “copalchi” and “quina blanca,’ and it is employed as a tonic,
especially in intermittent fevers. It was formerly exported to Europe for
medicinal purposes, but is no longer used abroad. The leaves are closely
covered with silvery or brownish hairs, but they are sometimes also short-pilose.
8. Croton reflexifolius H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 68. 1817.
Croton sylwaticus Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 240, 1847. Not C. sylvaticus Hochst.
1845.
Guerrero to Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Acapulco. Central Amer-
ica; reported from Colombia.
Shrub or small tree; leaves ovate or ovate-cordate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acumi-
nate or abruptly acuminate, entire, finely silvery-lepidote, at least beneath,
but often glabrate in age; flowers in long slender racemes; capsule about
12 mm. long, conspicuously muricate. ‘ Copalchi” (various parts of Mexico,
Ranirez, Costa Rica) ; “ Soliman prieto” (San Luis Potosi, Seler).
4. Croton tenuilobus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 439. 1886.
Southwestern Chihuahua to Tepic; type from Hacienda San José, Chihuahua.
Slender shrub; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear-oblong, 2 to 6 em. long,
green above, pale beneath, finely stellate-pubescent; flowers short-racemose.
5. Croton neomexicanus Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 141. 1865.
Chihuahua to Nuevo Leon. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type
from western Texas.
Plants suffrutescent, 0.8 to 1.5 meters high, covered with close silvery radiate
scales; leaves lanceolate to elliptic, 1 to 4 em. long, petiolate, obtuse or rounded
at apex, entire, usually green on the upper surface; staminate racemes slender,
many-flowered, 4 to 8 cm. long.
Root bark said to be used as a purgative.
G. Croton californicus Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15°: 691. 1866,
Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa. Southern Arizona and California ;
type from San Francisco, California.
Slender shrub, sometimes 1.5 meters high, or often herbaceous, the pubescence
mostly of appressed radiate scales; leaves slender-petiolate, oblong to elliptic,
2.5 to 5 em. long, obtuse, often green on the upper surface.
7. Croton dioicus Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: 4. pl. 6. 1791.
Croton elaeagnifolius Vahl; Geisel. Croton. Monogr. 9. 1807.
Croton gracilis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 69. 1817.
Astrogyne crotonoides Benth. Pl. Hartw. 14, 1839.
Nuevo Leén to Durango, Oaxaca, and Veracruz.
Plants low, shrubby or frequently herbaceous, densely covered with ap-
pressed silvery scales; leaves short-petiolate, oval to oblong, 1.5 to 4.5 cm.
long, obtuse, entire; staminate flowers in short dense spikes. ‘‘ Rosval”
(Nuevo Leon); “hierba del gato,” ‘“rubaldo,” “ robaldo” (Coahuila) ;
“encinilla” (Durango, Patoni); “hierba del zorrillo” (Valley of Mexico,
Ramirez, Oaxaca, Reko) ; “ yepaxihuitl” (Ramirez); “ epaxihuitl”’ (Nahuatl,
“ skunk-herb ’’).
The seeds and root are reported to have drastic purgative properties. The
plant is said to be used also for hysteria, and in baths for rheumatism.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 615
8. Croton meissneri Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15°: 665. 1866.
Known only from the type locality, near Orizaba, Veracruz.
Stems low, perhaps herbaceous; leaves oblong-obovate, 1.5 to 2.5 ecm. long,
obtuse, coarsely serrate, stellate-pubescent.
9. Croton liebmanni Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 665. 1866.
Known only from the type locality, near Santiago, Amatlin, Oaxaca.
Leaves long-petiolate, 4 to 8 cm. long, long-acuminate, biglandular at base; _
racemes slender, 5 to 6 mm. long; capsule 6 mm. long.
10. Croton stipulaceus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 85. 1817.
Valley of Mexico to Oaxaca; type collected near the City of Mexico.
Leaves long-petiolate, cordate-ovate, 6 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, denticulate,
densely stellate-tomentose; racemes dense, many-flowered; capsule 9 mm. long.
“Sangre de drago” (Humboldt).
The species is unknown to the writer.
11. Croton suberosus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 86. 1817.
Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Branches with corky fissured bark; leaves short-petiolate, 3 to 8 em. long and
nearly as broad, stellate-tomentose, shallowly cordate at base; racemes dense,
3 to 3.5 cm. long.
Known to the writer only from the description, which is strongly suggestive
of C. cladotrichus Muell. Arg.
12. Croton grewiaefolius Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 87. 1865.
Known only from the type locality, near the city of Oaxaca.
Leaves long-petiolate, rhombic-lanceolate, 5 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, acute
at base, dentate, stellate-pubescent ; racemes elongate.
13. Croton gossypiifolius Vah!, Symb. Bot. 2: 98. 1791.
Reported from Oaxaca. Central America, northern South America, and
West Indies; type from Trinidad.
Shrub or tree, scmetimes 15 meters high, copiously stellate-tomentose; leaves
cordate-ovate, often 30 em. long, acute or acuminate; flowers in very long
stout racemes. ‘ Targuéa ” (Costa Rica); “sangre de drago” (Venezuela).
It is rather doubtful whether this species actually occurs in Mexico.
14. Croton panamensis (Klotzch) Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15°: 546. 1866.
Cyclostigma panamense Klotzsch in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 105. 1853.
Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central America; type from Volcan
de Chiriqui, Panama.
Tree, sometimes 35 meters high, with a trunk 60 cm. in diameter, the bark
grayish white, nearly smooth, the crown flat; leaves long-petiolate, broadly
ovate-cordate, usually 10 to 20 em. long, acute or acuminate, densely stellate-
pubescent, denticulate; racemes equaling or longer than the leaves. “ Sangre
de drago” (Chiapas); “targué” (Costa Rica); “sangrillo” (Panama).
15. Croton draco Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 360. 1831.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz to Chiapas; type from Papantla, Veracruz.
Tree, 4.5 to 15 meters high, copiously stellate-tomentose; leaves long-petiolate,
broadly ovate-cordate, 10 to 25 cm. long, acuminate, entire or denticulate;
racemes usually very long. ‘Sangre de drago”’ (Veracruz, Chiapas, Oaxaca,
Guatemala); “tlachinole,” “sangregado” (Veracruz); “ezquahuitl,” “ arbol
de sangre”? (Nueva Farmacopea Mexicana) ; “ cuate,” “ palo muela” (Sinaloa).
Reputed to have astringent properties, and said to be used locally as a remedy
for fevers and for hardening the gums. The blood-red sap is bitter, and gives
a red dye; it is employed as a remedy for hoof diseases in burros and horses.
616 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
16. Croton amphileucus Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 4: 227. 1900.
Known only from the type locality, near Real del Monte, Hidalgo, altitude
2,400 meters.
Shrub; leaves elliptic, 10 to 13 mm. long, obtuse, short-petiolate, densely
lepidote on both surfaces, entire; racemes 5 to 10 mm. long.
Known to the writer only from the description.
17. Croton hypoleucus Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 246. 1847.
Croton shepherdiaefolius Schauer, Linnaea 20: 729. 1847.
Coahulia (?) to Hidalgo; type collected between Zimapfin and San José
del Oro, Hidalgo. ;
Shrub; leaves oblong-ovate, 3 to 4.5 cm. long, petiolate, entire, bright green
on the upper surface, very densely silvery-lepidote beneath.
18. Croton watsonii Standl.
Croton elaeagnoides S. Wats. Proce. Amer. Aead. 26: 147. 1891. Not @.
elaeagnoides Balf. 1884.
Known only from the type locality, Las Palmas, San Luis Potosi.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves ovate or lanceolate, 1.5 to
5 em. long, entire, bright green on the upper surface, densely silvery-lepidote
beneath; racemes slender, 10 to 15 cm. long; capsule depressed, 5 mm, broad.
19. Croton jucundus T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 205. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, Yerba Buena, near Culiacin, Sinaloa.
Plant soon glabrate, green, very sparsely stellate-pubescent; leaves long-
petiolate, iovate or lanceolate, 6 to 10 cm. long, attenuate, entire, ciliate with
long slender gland-tipped hairs.
Perhaps only a form of C. ciliato-glandulosus.
20. Croton adspersus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 51. 1840.
Type from Morelia, Michoacin; reported from Oaxaca, Veracruz, and San
Luis Potosi.
Leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, acuminate,
serrulate, stellate-puberulent. ‘‘ Soliman” (Seler).
21. Croton soliman Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 361. 1831.
Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca; type from Panantla, Veracruz.
Slender green shrub; leaves long-petiolate, ovate or rhombic, 5 to 9 cm. long,
cuspidate-acuminate, appressed-stellate beneath, obscurely crenate; flowers
whitish. ‘‘ Soliman” (Veracruz).
22. Croton incanus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 73. 1817.
San Luis Potosi to Hidalgo; type from Los Organos, Actopén.
Shrub, 2 meters high, densely stellate-pubescent; leaves ovate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm.
leng, obtuse, entire; racemes 2 to 3 cm. long.
Known to the writer only from the description.
23. Croton suaveolens Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 194. 1859.
2? Croton virletianus Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 183. 1865-66.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and San Luis Potosi. Western Texas; type collected
along the Rio Grande.
Low, densely branched shrub, densely stellate-tomentose, the pubescence
usually yellowish; leaves broadly rhombic-ovate, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse or
acutish, thick, entire; racemes short and stout. ‘ Encinillo” (Chihuahua).
Plant fragrant, used in baths in convalescence from fevers.
24. Croton humilis L. Syst. Nat. ed. 2. 1276. 1759.
Croton berlandieri Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bet. 198. 1859.
Nuevo Leon to Yucatin. Southern Florida and West Indies.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 617
Slender shrub, a meter high or less, stellate-pubescent (usually sparsely so)
and viscid; leaves rounded-ovate to lanceolate, 2 to 6 cm. long, rounded or
cordate at base, usually acute at apex, nearly entire; racemes 3 to 5 cm. long;
capsule 4 to 5 mm. long. ‘‘ Yeaban,” “icaban” (Yucatiéin).
This has been reported from Yucatin as C. albidus Muell. Arg. © It may be
that two species are represented by the material referred here, but a satisfactory
basis of division is not apparent.
25. Croton ciliate-glandulosus Orteg. Hort. Matr. Dee. 51. 1797.
Croton penicillatus Vent. Choix Pl. Cels. 12. pl. 12. 1803.
Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Guate-
mala and Honduras; Cuba.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, densely stellate-tomentose; leaves long-petiolate,
broadly ovate-cordate, 3 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate; capsule about 7
mm. long. “Soliman” (Tamaulipas, etc.) ; “ picosa” (Querétaro) ; “ canelilla ”
or “canelillo” (Oaxaca); ‘“xunaxilase,” ‘“ cuanaxonaxi,’ ‘ xunalixase,”
“xonaxe” (Oaxaca); ‘“‘enchiladora” (Oaxaca, Veracruz) ; “ Soliman blanco ”
(Seler); ‘“ Dominguillo,’ “hierba de la cruz” (Altamirano); “ palillo”
(Flores) ; “ chirea,” “ciega-vista ” (Guatemala, Honduras)...
The plant has a strong arogmatic odor. It is much used locally as a remedy
for fevers, and is said to have purgative properties. It also is reputed to
increase the flow of milk in goats which browse upon it. Seler states that
(in Chiapas 7?) it is the food plant of a red caterpillar which is eaten by the
natives. The hairs of the leaves adhere to the hands and injure the eyes when
introduced into the latter.
26. Croton pulcher Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15*: 644. 1866.
Puebla; type from Tehuacan. '
Low shrub with stout branches, densely stellate-tomentose; leaves short-
petiolate, broadly ovate, 4 to 5.5 cm. long, acutish.
Perhaps only a form of ©. ciliato-glandulosus.
27. Croton ovalifolius West, Bidr. Beskr. St. Croix 307. 1793.
Oaxaca. West Indies and South America.
Shrub, green, sparsely stellate-pilose; leaves long-petiolate, oblong to elliptic
or obovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, finely denticulate; sepals
of the pistillate flowers large, accrescent, glandular-ciliate.
28. Croton stylosus Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 128. 1865.
Type from Mexico, the locality not known.
Leaves short-petiolate, rhombic-ovate, 6 to 10 cm. long, cuspidate-acuminate.
29. Croton macrodontus Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 128. 1865.
Veracruz and Oaxaca.
Green, sparsely stellate-pubescent shrub; leaves long-petiolate, ovate, 5 to
18 em. long, long-acuminate, thin.
380. Croton repens Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 237. 1847.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Vera-
eruz. Central America.
Slender shrub, often decumbent, green, stellate-pubescent; leaves usually
short-petiolate, suborbicular to ovate, 2 to 7 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex,
often shallowly lobate, crenate-dentate. ‘“‘ Tostoncillo’’ (El Salvador) ; ‘“ chaco-
tote” (Guatemala Honduras).
The root is used locally for stomach affections.
618 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
81. Croton xalapensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 85. 1817.
Veracruz to Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central America.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 9 meters high, copiously stellate-tomentose, at least
when young; leaves long-petiolate, cordate-ovate, 8 to 20 cm. long or larger,
acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate; racemes very long and slender. “ Targua,”
“terré,” “targuacillo” (Costa Rica); “ chirca” (Guatemala, Honduras).
The wood is white and weak. The gum which exudes from the trunk is used
for cleaning the teeth.
382. Croton subfragilis Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 111. 1865.
Ixnown only from the type locality, between Tuxtla and Chiapas.
Leaves oblong-ovate, 10 to 15 em. long, cuspidate-acuminate, stellate-pubescent
with ferruginous hairs. ‘“ Copalehi.”
33. Croton mexicanus Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 113. 1865.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known.
Leaves oblong-ovate, 12 em. long or shorter, stellate-pubescent with depressed
hairs or glabrate, acuminate, entire or denticulate.
34. Croton cladotrichus Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 124. 1865.
Croton purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 184. 1915.
Michoacan to Oaxaca.
Shrub, copiously stellate-pubescent or tomentose, the branches covered with
thick corky bark; leaves mostly suborbicular, 6 to 15 cm. long, usually abruptly
short-pointed, more or less cordate at base; spikes usually shorter than the
leaves, very thick and dense. ‘‘ Gordolobo” (Michoacan, Guerrero).
35. Croton francoanus Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 124. 1865.
Known only from the type locality, near Oaxaca.
Leaves nearly sessile, broadly triangular-ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acuminate,
cordate at base, whitish-tomentose beneath.
36. Croton corymbulosus Engelm. in Wheeler, Rep. U. 8S. Surv. 100th Merid.
5: 242. 1878.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Sonora. Western Texas to southern Arizona; type
from Camp Bowie, Arizona. ;
Plants low, woody at base, the stems clustered, densely silvery-pubescent
throughcut; leaves long-petiolate, orbicular to oblong, 2 to 4.5 cm. long; racemes
2 to 4 cm. long. “Encinilla” (Texas).
Tea made from the leaves is used in domestic medicine in western Texas, be-
cause of its sudorific and tonic properties.
387. Croton ehrenbergii Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 248. 1847.
Hidalgo. .
Slender shrub, 0.6 to 1.2 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, 1 to 3 em. long,
entire, densely silvery-pubescent beneath; racemes short, few-flowered.
88. Croton torreyanus Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 579. 1866.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén to Veracruz. Western Texas (type locality).
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, stellate-tomentose; leaves short-petiolate, 3 to 6
em. long, entire; racemes 1 to 4 em. long. ‘ Salvia” (Tamaulipas).
39. Croton alamosanus Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 111. 1891.
Sonora to Oaxaca; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Shrub, 1 to 4 meters high; leaves nearly sessile, ovate or oblong-ovate, 5 to
14 em. long, cordate at base, long-acuminate, green, thinly stellate-pubescent,
entire or nearly so. “ Ocotillo” (Sinaloa).
The resin is employed as a remedy for toothache.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 619
40. Croton cortesianus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 83. 1817.
Croton trichocarpus Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 196. 1859.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Campeche, and Chiapas; type collected near
Campeche. Western Texas.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves mostly oblong-ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long,
short-petiolate, acute or acuminate, rounded or subeordate at base, stellate
pubescent beneath, bright green above; racemes often very long. “ Palillo”
(Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi) ; “ pozual,” “puzual” (San Luis Potosi Seler) ;
*“ek-balam ” (Maya, Seler) ; “ pinolillo’”’ (Tamaulipas).
The juice is applied as a caustic for the treatment of skin diseases.
41. Croton miradorensis Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 627. 1866.
Veracruz; type from Mirador.
Shrub; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 12 em. long, acute or acuminate,
rounded or subcordate at base, stellate-tomentose beneath.
42. Croton rhamnifolius H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 75. 1817.
Yucatan to Oaxaca. West Indies and South America; type from Venezuela.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves oblong to ovate, 4 to 7 em. long, short-
petiolate, acute, densely stellate-tomentose beneath, entire, or near so.
““Hebalan,” “ xa-balam ” (Yucatén).
This has been reported from Yucatin as C. cortesianus.
43. Croton flavescens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 81. 1903.
Southwestern Chihuahua to Guerrero; type from Monte Leén Station,
Michoacan, altitude 1,500 meters. -
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 6 to 11 cm. long,
usually long-acuminate, entire, densely stellate-pubescent beneath.
44, Croton magdalenae Millsp. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 220. 1889.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Island.
Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high, very densely and finely stellate-tomentose
throughout; leaves broadly cordate-ovate or rounded-cordate, 4 to 10 cm. long,
acutish, short-petiolate, entire; racemes longer than the leaves.
45. Croton calvescens S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 147. 1891.
Jalisco and Michoacan; type from Chapala, Jalisco.
Shrub, green, pubescent at first but soon glabrate; leaves ovate or broadly
ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded at base, 5 to 8 em. long, serrulate; flowers
in very long slender spikes.
46. Croton sonorae Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 194. 1859.
Croton pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 378. 1885.
Croton gonzalezii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 81. 19038.
Sonora to Oaxaca; type from Sonora.
Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, green and glabrate; leaves ovate or
broadly ovate, 2 to 5 em. long, long-acuminate, rounded at base, short-petiolate ;
racemes very slender and lax.
47. Croton fragilis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 75. 1817.
Croton sericeus Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 85. 1830. Not C. sericeus Lam. 1786.
Sinaloa to Veracruz, Yucatan, and Chiapas. Northern South America; type
from Cumana, Venezuela.
Slender shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, lanceolate to
broadly cordate-ovate, acute to long-acuminate, bright green above, whitish
beneath; racemes long and slender, the flowers brownish yellow. ‘ Taanché”
(Yucatan).
The material referred here is very variable, and probably represents two
or more species.
620 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
48. Croton fruticulosus Engelm.; Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 194. 1859.
Chihuahua to Nuevo Leon. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type
from western Texas.
Aromatic shrub, about 1 meter high, densely stellate-tomentose; leaves long-
petiolate, ovate or deltoid-ovate, 3 to 8 em. long, acute to attentuate, rounded
or subcordate at base, entire or nearly so. “ Encinilla,” “ hierba loca” (Chi-
huahua, Ramirez.) ;
49. Croton morifolius Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 535. 1805.
Croton sphaerocarpus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 84. pl. 105. 1817.
Durango to Veracruz and Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, copiously stellate-tomentose; leaves broadly ovate
or cordate-ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, acute to long-acuminate, entire or nearly so;
racemes short or elongate. ‘ Palillo” (Guanajuato, Querétaro, Oaxaca,
Michoacan). ;
The plant is aromatic and contains an essential oil, which is applied extern-
ally for the relief of neuralgia. When inhaled, the oil is said to produce
insensibility and paralysis. An infusion of the leaves is taken internally for
pains in the stomach.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CROTON GAUMERI Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 418. 1916. Type from Yucatan.
CROTON GLANDULOSEPALUS Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 419. 1916. Type from
Yucatan,
CROTON MALYAVISCIFOLIUS Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 419. 1916. Type from
Yucatan.
8. GARCIA Rohr, Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk. (Kj¢gbenhavn) 2: 217. 1792.
1. Garcia nutans Rohr, Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk. (Kjgbenhavn) 2: 217. pl. 9. 1792.
Sinaloa and Tepic and probably elsewhere. Central America, Colombia, and
West Indies; type from Santa Marta, Colombia.
Small er large tree; leaves alternate, oblong-obovate, 10 to 20 em. long,
long-petiolate, short-acuminate, entire; flowers monoecious, about 1 em. long;
capsule 2 or 3-seeded, about 2.5 cm. wide, fulvous-tomentulose.
9. DITAXIS Vahl; Juss. Euphorb. Gen. Tent. 27. 1824.
REFERENCE: Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147 *': 51-77. 1912.
Small shrubs, commonly pubescent; leaves aiternate, usually petiolate, entire
or dentate, 3-nerved at the base, with small stipules; flowers small, monoecious
or dioecious.
Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
Ovary and capsule glabrous.
Plant densely sericeous, at least on the leaves_____________ 1. D. heterantha.
Plant olaprOuse. 2 e a= See oe ees ae Se 2. D. brandegei.
Ovary and capsule pubescent.
Fiowers in long-pedunculate axillary racemes; leaves 2 to 6.5 cm. wide.
‘3. D. pringlei.
Flowers solitary or clustered in the axils, sessile or short-pedunculate;
leaves mostly less than 2 em. wide.
Siaminodia, NoneyOravery ShObhe= 22 = ee eee 4, D. lanceolata.
Staminodia well developed.
Hilawersr GlOecrougweni ©. 4 sole hene he eet 5. D. palmeri,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 621
Flowers monoecious.
Petals of the pistillate flowers lance-linear_______ 6. D. guatemalensis.
Petals of the pistillate flowers ovate or rhombic-ovate.
Leaves linear to lanceolate_________---__-_-_____ 7. D. sericophylla.
Leaves mostly ovate to oval.
Staminate petals longer than the calyx______8. D. manzanilloana.
Staminate petals shorter than the calyx__________ 9. D. tinctoria.
1. Ditaxis heterantha Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 15’: 735. 1829-30.
Argithanmnia argentea T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 273. 1912.
Sinaloa, Querétaro, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, and San Luis Potosi; type from
Toliman, Querétaro.
Shrub with thick woody stems; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 4 to 8 cm.
long, acute or acuminate, entire or nearly so, short-petiolate, whitish-sericeous
beneath, at least when young; inflorescence slender-pedunculate. “Azafran-
cillo” (Querétaro) ; “ azafran de bolita” (Jalisco).
The plant is employed as a dye; the seeds are said to be edible, with a flavor
like that of walnuts.
2. Ditaxis brandegei (Millsp.) Rose & Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 13.
1912.
Argithannia brandegei Millsp. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 220. 1889.
Baja California and Sonora; type from San Gregorio, Baja California.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, glabrous throughout, the stems usually purplish
and glaucescent; leaves lanceolate or cyate, 2 to 7 em. long, acute, finely ser-
rate, long-petiolate; flowers in slender racemes.
8. Ditaxis pringlei (Greenm.) Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147"':
66. 1912.
Argithamnia pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 239. 1905.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves orbicular to ovate, 3 to 8 cm. long,
rounded to acute at apex, short-petiolate, entire or denticulate, white-tomentose
beneath.
4. Ditaxis lanceolata (Benth.) Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147"!:
We LOU:
Serophyton lanceolatum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 52. 1844.
Argyrothamnia lanceolata Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 145. 1845.
Baja California and Sonora; type from Magdalena Bay, Baja California.
Slender, sparsely leafy shrub; leaves linear to lanceolate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long,
entire, sericeous.
5. Ditaxis palmeri (S. Wats.) Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147°':
64. 1912.
Argithamnia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 77. 1889.
Known only from the type locality, Guaymas, Sonora.
Slender shrub; leaves mostly lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, long-acuminate, en-
tire or nearly so, short-petiolate, green, nearly glabrous.
6. Ditaxis guatemalensis (Muell. Arg.) Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich
EV Lays 59/1912:
Argyrothamnia guatemalensis Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 145. 1865.
Jalisco to Guerrero and Puebla. Type from Guatemala.
Shrub, about a meter high; leaves ovate to ovate-oval, 1.5 to 7 cm. long,
acute or acuminate, short-petiolate, sericeous, serrulate.
622 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Ditaxis sericophylla (A. Gray) Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 5. 1900.
Argithamnia sericophylla A. Gray in S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: T0. 1880.
Baja California and Sonora. Southern Arizona and California; type from
Arizona.
Low shrub, sparsely leafy; leaves 1 to 3.5 em. long, entire, short-petiolate or
sessile, sericeous.
8. Ditaxis manzanilloana (Rose) Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV.
147°": 59. 1912.
Argithamnia manzanilloana Rose, Contr. U .S. Nat. Herb. 1: 357. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Manzanillo, Colima.
Slender shrub; leaves ovate, 4 to 5 em. long, acuminate, short-petiolate,
green, thinly sericeous, entire or denticulate.
9. Ditaxis tinctoria (Millsp.) Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV.
147°': 59. 1918.
Argithamnia tinctoria Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 302. pl. 14. 1896.
Type from Xcholae, Yucatén. Nicaragua.
Shrub, 1.38 meters high; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 6 em. long, acuminate,
nearly entire, short-petiolate, densely pilose beneath. ‘‘Azafran.”
The plant is employed as a dye.
10, CHIROPETALUM Juss. Ann. Sci. Nat. I. 25: 21. 1832.
1. Chiropetalum schiedeanum (Muell. Arg.) Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. 3°: 45. 1890.
Argyrothamnia schiedeana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 150. 1865.
Nuevo Leon to Veracruz and Hidalgo; type from Cerro Colorado.
Slender shrub, 1 meter high or less, or more often, perhaps, herbaceous; leaves
alternate, Slender-petiolate, narrowly or broadly ovate, 1.5 to 6 em. long, acute
or acuminate, serrulate, stellate-pubescent, at least when young; flowers monoe-
cious, in slender axillary racemes; capsule deeply 3-lobate.
11. RICINUS L. Sp. Pl. 1007. 1753.
1. Ricinus communis L. Sp. Pl. 1007. 17538.
Common in cultivation in Mexico, and naturalized in some localities. Native
probably of tropical Africa, but now widely dispersed in tropical regions.
Essentially an annual plant, but often shrublike, and sometimes becoming
treelike and 9 meters high or even larger, glabrous, glaucous; leaves aiternate,
large, palmately lobate, the lobes acuminate, dentate; flowers monoecious,
apetalous, large, racemose; fruit a large, smooth or echinate capsule. Com-
monly known as ‘“higuerilla”; “palma christi” (Oaxaca); “ yaga-bilape,”
* yaga-higo”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; “ yutnu-nduchidzaha” (Oaxaca, Mix-
tec, Reko) ; ‘“degha’” (Otomi); “koch” (Maya); ‘ tlapatl,”’ ‘‘ higuera infer-
nal” (Nueva Farmacopea Mexicana).
The castor-bean is cultivated to some extent in Mexico for its seeds, which
are an important source of oil. This (‘‘ aceite de castor”) is well known
and much used in medicine because of its purgative properties. It is widely
employed as a lubricant, and has been used for illuminating purposes, in the
manufacture of soap, for the manufacture of the Turkey-red oil required in
_the dyeing and printing of cotton goods, and for dressing tanned hides. In
India and China silkworms are fed on the leaves, and the stems have been
used for making paper. The ground seeds from which the oil has been ex-
tracted afford a valuable fertilizer.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 623
The Indians of Ecuador string the seeds on sticks and burn them like candles.
The decoction of the. root has been used in the West Indies as a remedy for
colic, and that of the leaves for venereal diseases, while the leaves are applied
to the head in cases of fever to alleviate pain. The value of the scalded leaves,
applied externally, as a powerful galactogogue has long been known. The
castor-bean has been in use since ancient times, being known to the Egyptians
at least 4,000 years ago, and it is mentioned by the early Greek writers. Most
of the seeds of commerce are grown in India. During the European war their
production upon a large scale was attempted in the southern United States,
but with most unsatisfactory results.
12. DALECHAMPTA L. Sp. Pl. 1054. 1753.
Shrubs, or sometimes almost wholly herbaceous, erect or scandent; leaves
alternate, stipulate, petiolate, entire, parted, or lobate; flowers monoecious,
apetalous, borne inside a large foliaceous involucre; fruit a small capsule.
Plants erect; leaves pinnately nerved.
Style column dilated at apex; leaves coriaceous___________ 1. D. spathulata.
Style column not dilated at apex; leaves membranaceous___2. D. roezliana.
Plants scandent; leaves palmately nerved.
Leaves mostly composed of 3 distinct leaflets____________--- 3. D. triphylla.
Leaves merely lobed, or entire.
Leaves mostly lobed; bracts usually 1.5 to 2.5 em. long____4. D. scandens.
Meavesventire spraces! O:'Gitolle2reme longs eee 5. D. schottii.
1. Dalechampia spathulata (Scheidw.) Baill. Htud. Gén. Euphorb. 487. pl. 3.
f. 16-30. 1858.
Cremophyllum spathulatum Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Sci. Brux. 9*: 23. 1842.
Reported from Tabasco. Described from cultivated plants.
Leaves spatulate, entire, cuspidate-acuminate, glabrous.
2. Dalechampia roezliana Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15°: 1233. 1866.
Type from Zontecomapan, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Low~-shrub, usually unbranched; leaves oblanceolate, 15 to 30 cm. long, 4
to 8 em. wide, acuminate, glabrous, entire or dentate.
8. Dalechampia triphylla Lam. Encycl. 2: 258. 1786.
Veracruz and Tabasco. Central America and South America.
Plants scandent, suffrutescent; leaves mostly 3-foliolate, but some of them
usually simple, entire or dentate.
4, Dalechampia scandens IL. Sp. Pl. 1054. 1758.
Chihuahua and Sonora to Guerrero, Veracruz, and Yucatéin. Widely dis-
tributed in tropical America, with forms in Africa and the East Indies.
Seandent shrub, or sometimes herbaceous, usually with some stinging hairs;
leaves mostly 3-lobate, pubescent, cordate at base; bracts large and whitish.
“Xmool-coh” (Yucatén, Maya, Seler; “ puma-foot,” the calyx lobes closing
like claws after the capsule opens); “ortiga” (Nicaragua); “ ortiguilla ”’
(Costa Rica).
In Costa Rica the leaves are rubbed upon the cheeks as a remedy for tooth-
ache.
Some of the Madagascar species of Dalechampia furnish a black dye, and
are used by the natives to blacken their teeth.
5. Dalechampia schottii Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 255. 1907.
Yueatén ; type from Mérida.
Leaves 2 to 7.5 cm. long, ovate or broadly ovate, rounded to acuminate
at apex.
624 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
13. TRAGIA L. Sp. Pl. 980. 1753.
Plants scandent or erect, suffrutescent or herbaceous, the pubescence partly
of stinging hairs; leaves alternate, more or less cordate at base, variously
dentate; flowers small, apetalous, racemose; fruit a 3-lobate capsule.
Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. The species listed below scarcely
deserve to be classified as shrubs.
Racemes bifurcate.
Leaves about 16 cm. wide, deeply cordate at base; pistillate flowers on short
SHOU WOOICelSe = serene a Serene ee eee eee 1. T. bailloniana,
Leaves 3 to 7 cm. wide, truncate or shallowly cerdate at base; pistillate
flowers on very long, slender pedicels_________-_-________- 2. T. volubilis.
Racemes simple.
Leaves entire or shallowly crenate, with a broad shallow sinus at base.
3. T. mexicana.
Leaves conspicuously dentate, with a deep, narrow or closed sinus at base.
4. T. affinis.
1. Tragia bailloniana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 178. 1865-66.
Known only from the type locality, Teapa, Tabasco.
Plants scandent, pilose; leaves 20 cm. long, acuminate.
2. Tragia volubilis L. Sp. Pl. 980. 1753.
Veracruz. Central America, West Indies, South America, and tropical
Africa and Asia.
Suffrutescent, scandent, copiously pubescent; leaves conspicuously dentate
or serrate. ‘“ Pringa-moza” (Nicaragua, Porto Rico).
Reputed to have diuretic and sudorific properties; used in the West Indies
for venereal diseases. Grosourdy states that the juice, mixed with salt, was
sometimes applied to ulcers.
3. Tragia mexicana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 182. 1865-66.
Type from Hacienda de Jovo, in southern Mexico. Guatemala.
Seandent; leaves oblong-ovate, 6 to 17 cm. long, 3 to 7 em. wide, acuminate;
capsule densely hispid.
4. Tragia affinis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 393. 1894.
Jalisco to Morelos; type collected near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Secandent, copiously pubescent; leaves 5 to 11 cm. long, acute.
14, ACALYPHA L. Sp. Pl. 1003. 1753.
REFERENCE: Mueller von Argau in DC. Prodr. 157: 799-889. 1866.
Shrubs; leaves alternate, usually ovate, variously toothed, 3 or 5-nerved or
pinnate-veined; staminate flowers glomerate, in slender spikes, the calyx
4-parted; pistillate flowers 1 or more subtended by a foliaceous bract, the
bracts usually in ament-like spikes, the calyx of 3 or 4 sepals; fruit a 3-celled
capsule.
A large number of herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Acalypha wilkesiana
Muell. Arg., a shrub native of the islands of the Pacific, is sometimes grown
in Mexico for ornament. It has large glossy green leaves, variously bordered
or mottled with pink or red.
Pistillate flowers long-pedicellate.
BG DBIES JOV One lamCeolate nt es 1. A. flagellata.
Stipules subulate.
Pistillate inflorescence 1 or 2-flowered___-______________ 2. A. coryloides.
STANDLEY-—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 625
Pistillate inflorescence many-flowered.
Leaves cuspidate-acuminate, long-petiolate_____ 3. A. schlechtendaliana.
Leaves acute or obtuse, short-petiolate__________________ 4, A. longipes.
Pistillate flowers sessile.
Staminate spikes without pistillate flowers, terminal__5. A. longestipularis,
Staminate spikes with pistillate flowers at base or, if wholly staminate,
axillary.
Pistillate spikes, at least the well-developed ones, with staminate flowers
above or, if not so, the bracts divided into subulate lobes, these ciliate
with long gland-tipped hairs.
Bracts shallowly lobate or dentate.
Bracts glandular-pubescent.
Teerhyotthexbracts-O.t0wlp=--- 2 ee 32. A. langiana.
ARE. AC No) S24 ee eS Se ee ee 6. A. cuspidata.
Bracts without glandular pubescence.
Pistillate bracts minutely 1 to 4-dentate; leaves glabrate, mostly 6
ONS Te 1 1a Seer See eee sere oes Renner ec ee eee 7. A. diversifolia.
Pistillate bracts with about 9 short teeth; leaves densely pubescent,
SEDER Oey eg CLT LQ 10 Sacer ae eee eee 8. A. schlumbergeri.
Bracts divided into long subulate lobes, these ciliate with long gland-
tipped hairs.
Pistllatetspikes!eclongzates =o eee ee ee 9. A. glandulifera,
Eistillaterspikes:subcapitates.--=—- = ee 10. A. arvensis.
Pistillate spikes without staminate flowers above, the bracts never with
subulate and glandular-ciliate lobes.
A. Pistillate spikes all axillary.
Pistillate bracts lobed or cleft to below the middle.
IBEACSRo- ODE =e. Saeerte see eee ee LBs es 11. A. seleriana.
Bracts 9 to 17-lobed.
Lobes of the bracts subulate-linear____________ 12. A. trachyloba.
Lobes of the bracts lanceolate or broader.
Pistillate spikes subsessile__-_____-_=___ 13. A. melochiaefolia.
Pistillate spikes slender-pedunculate.
TACKS ONO ell elo Wed eee 14. A. unibracteata.
BRACISP tO ticlODe Ga eee ee es 15. A. leptopoda.
Pistillate bracts lobed to the middle or less deeply.
Fertile spikes all or mostly 8 to 15 cm. long, the bracts very numerous.
NUuUpPUleselanceolatee ee = aaa eee 16. A. macrostachya.
Stipules setaceous.
Leaves serrate with somewhat spreading teeth; bracts shallowly
CUE LG = te ee ee ees 17. A. macrostachyoides.
Leaves with appressed and incurved teeth; bracts deeply den-
GEOR es sete ii Nt a ee 18. A. flavescens,
Fertile spikes 1 to 5 cm. long, rarely longer, with comparatively
few bracts.
Pistillate inflorescense consisting of a single subsessile bract.
19. A. rafaelensis.
Pistillate infloresence with several bracts or, if of a single bract,
this long-pedunculate.
Bracts without glandular pubescence.
Teeth of the bracts acuminate_____________ 20. A. leptoclada,
7808—23——8
626 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Teeth of the bracts obtuse or acutish.
Bracts glabrous or nearly so; leaves soon glabrate.
Bracts about 5-dentate; leaves 7 to 10 cm. long.
21. A. oligantha.
Bracts 11 to 15-dentate; leaves mostly 3 to 5 cm. long.
22. A. acapulcensis.
Bracts densely pubescent; leaves finely pubescent beneath.
23. A. dioica.
Bracts glandular-pubescent.
Bracts coarsely dentate, with 17 to 25 teeth.
24. A. comonduana.
Bracts minutely dentate.
Leaves obtuse, 1 to 3 em. long, densely pilose beneath.
25. A. californica.
Leaves acute or acuminate, mostly 3 to 7 mm. long, green
beneath and short-pilose______________ 26. A. umbrosa.
AA. Pistillate spikes terminal, some of them also axillary.
Bracts lobed to the middle or more deeply.
Bracts with a few short subappressed hairs, not ciliate.
27. A. papillosa.
Bracts densely pilose or at least pilose-ciliate.
Bracts;clandular-ciliates2 == === Sse ee 28. A. ocymoides.
Bracts not glandular-ciliate.
Lateral lobes of the bracts truncate_____________ 29. A. triloba.
Lateral lobes of the bracts acuminate_________ 30. A. fournieri.
Bracts lobed one-fourth the distance to the base or less.
Stems glandular-pubescent.
Bracisi@ to cd-dentatews= ae ee 31. A. adenostachya.
Bracts 7 to 13-dentate.
heavesvacute Onacuminate. 222228 aes 32. A. langiana,
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex________ 33. A. pringlei.
Stems without glandular pubescence.
Leaf blades 1 em. long or smaller______-_______ 34. A. parvifolia.
Leaf blades more than 2 cm. long.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Bracts glabrous except for the gland-tipped hairs on the mar-
gins; leaves long-petiolate_____________ 35. A. deppeana.
Bracts glandular-pubescent on the sides as well as on the
margins; leaves short-petiolate.
Bracts: (or 9-dentate: ks fin ea ee 36. A. lignosa.
Bractsis. or/b-dentate=s- 2. ee Meier) 37. A. laxiflora.
Leaves copiously pubescent beneath.
Bracts 17 to 21-dentate.
Leaves lance-ovate, obtusely serrate________ 38. A. vagans.
Leaves broadly ovate, acutely serrate_____ 39. A. lagascana.
Bracts 5 to 13-dentate.
Ovary muricate.
Leaves 2 to 4.5 cm. long; petioles less than half as long
as; theoplades sen. cee 40. A. liebmanni.
Leaves 8 to 17 cm. long; petioles usually more than half
as long as the blades.
Leaf blades with a pale distinct margin beneath.
41. A. cincta.
Leaf blades not marginate_________ 42. A. schiedeana.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 627
Ovary smooth.
Bracts 5 to 7-dentate____-_-__-----_-- 43. A. oligodonta.
Bracts 9 to 15-dentate.
Leaves cuspidate-acuminate___-----_--__ 44. A. mollis.
Leaves short-acuminate.
Teeth of the bracts acute; leaves serrate.
45. A. lindeniana.
Teeth of the bracts obtuse; leaves crenate.
46. A. frederici.
1. Acalypha flagellata Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 417. 1916.
Yucatan; type from Buenavista Xbac.
Dioecious shrub, 2 to 5 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves Ovate, about
12 em. long and 7.5 cm wide, acuminate, crenate-dentate; spikes 15 to 35 cm,
long; capsule tuberculate.
2. Acalypha coryloides Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 357. 1895.
Colima; type from Manzanillo.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with grayish branches, leaves ovate or oOblong-
ovate, 2 em. long or less, very short-petiolate, crenate; staminate spikes very
dense, 6 to 12 mm. long; capsule muricate.
8. Acalypha schlechtendaliana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 6. 1865.
Linostachys padifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 235. 1845. Not Acalypha padi-
folia H. B. K. 181%.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala to Costa Rica.
Slender shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves oblong-ovate, obovate, or lance-elliptic,
8 to 18 em. long, crenate-serrate; pistillate inflorescence loosely paniculate ;
staminate spikes long and slender; capsule muricate.
Mueller described* a var. mollis (from Veracruz), in which the leaves are
thinly pilose beneath. It seems to differ from the typical form only in
pubescence, :
4. Acalypha longipes S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 149. 1891.
San Luis Potosi; type from Tamasopo Canyon.
Slender shrub, glabrous or nearly so; leaves oblong-ovate or ovate-elliptic,
5 to 13 cm. long, serrate; pistillate inflorescence laxly paniculate; staminate
spikes lax, 7 to 12 cm. long; ovary muricate.
5. Acalypha longestipularis Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 51. 1865.
Known only from the type I6cality,. near Oaxaca.
Stipules setaceous, 10 tu. 12 mm. long; leaves lance-rhombic, 11 to 14 em.
long, 4.5 to 6 cm. wide, acuminate, tomentulose beneath, pubescent above, ser-
rulate; ovary sericeous-hispid,
6. Acalypha cuspidata Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 2: 638. pl. 243. 1797.
Oaxaca and perhaps elsewhere. West Indies and South America.
Slender shrub; leaves ovate, 6 to 14 cm. long, acuminate or long-acuminate,
crenate or serrate, pubescent; spikes usually little longer than the petioles;
ovary hirtellous.
7. Acalypha diversifolia Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 2: 63. pl. 244. 1797.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Central America and South America.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves lance-ovate to broadly ovate, 5 to 18 cm.
long, acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate, serrate or serrulate, glabrate or pube-
scent beneath; spikes mostly sessile, solitary or fasciculate, 3 to 10 cm. long,
dense; ovary hispidulous, tuberculate.
1Linnaea 34: 159. 1865.
628° CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Acalypha schlumbergeri Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 861. 1866.
Described from southern or central Mexico, the locality not known.
Shrub, densely soft-pubescent; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, acute, crenate-
serrate; spikes longer than the leaves; ovary hispid.
9. Acalypha glandulifera Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 164. 1895.
Oaxaca; type from Sierra de San Felipe.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, cordate at
base, 5 to 12 cm. long, cuspidate-acuminate, crenate or serrate-dentate, pubes-
cent, especially beneath, long-petiolate; staminate spikes, 5 to 10 cm. long;
ovary hispid.
10. Acalypha arvensis Poepp. & Endl. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 21. 1845.
Acalypha pavoniana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 50. 1865.
Acalypha capitellata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 188. 1915.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America to Peru; type from Peru.
Slender shrub; leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, acuminate,
serrate or crenate, pubescent or glabrate; pistillate heads long-pedunculate;
capsule hirsute.
11. Acalypha seleriana Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 254. 1907.
Yucatan; type from Xkombec.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 em.
long, acute or obtuse, dentate or crenate-dentate, pubescent at first but soon
glabrate; ovary muricate-hispid.
12. Acalypha trachyloba Muell. Arg. Flora 1872: 25. 1872.
Known only from the type locality, near Oaxaca.
Shrub; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 7 ecm. long, cuspidate-acuminate, serrate-
dentate, pubescent, especially beneath; staminate spikes 6 to 9 cm. long; pistil-
late spikes pedunculate.
13. Acalypha melochiaefolia Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15’: 821. 1866.
Known only from the type locality, Hacienda Perado, near Orizaba.
Leayes triangular-ovate, 4 to 5 em. long, crenate-serrate, velutinous; pistillate
spikes 1.5 cm. long.
14. Acalypha unibracteata Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 160. 1865.
Veracruz to Yucatéin and Chiapas; type collected between Mirador and
Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high, with reddish brown branches; leaves ovate or
lance-ovate, 2 to 7 cm. long, acute to long-acuminate serrate-dentate, pubescent
or glabrate; pistillate bracts 1 or 2; staminate spikes 1 to 2 cm. long.
“Chilibtux ” (Yucatén, Maya).
15. Acalypha leptopoda Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 39. 1865.
Veracruz. Guatemala to Costa Rica.
Slender shrub; leaves ovate, 4 to 12 em. long, cuspidate-acuminate, serrate,
densely pubescent or glabrate; pistillate bracts usually 1 or 2; promise spikes
1.5 to 6 em. long; ovary puberulent.
The typical form (A. leptopoda glabrescens Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr, 15*:
824. 1866) has glabrate leaves. A. leptopoda mollis Muell. Arg. (loc. cit.) is
a form with densely pubescent leaves.
16. Acalypha macrostachya Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 2: 63. pl. 245. 1797.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central America and South America.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, leaves broadly ovate, 10 to 20 cm. long, cuspidate-
acuminate, serrate, densely pubescent or glabrate; ovary hispidulous. ‘‘ Chi-
chicaste ” (Guatemala).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 629
17. Acalypha macrostachyoides Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 809. 1866.
Veracruz.
Shrub, 2.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaves broadly ovate, 8 to 13 cm. long, acumi-
nate, serrate, densely velvety-pubescent; pistillate spikes often longer than
the leaves; ovary smooth, hispidulous.
18. Acalypha flavescens 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 149. 1891.
Known only from the type locality, Tamasopo Canyon, San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves ovate, 7 to 16 cm. long, long-pedunculate,
cuspidate-acuminate, finely velutinous beneath; bracts about 7-dentate; ovary
densely pubescent.
19. Acalypha rafaelensis Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Agua del Medio, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi (Purpus
5478; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 463984).
Slender shrub, the branches brownish, densely pilose when young; stipules
setaceous, 6 to 10 mm. long; petioles 1.2 to 2.5 em. long, slender or stout;
leaf blades ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, 2.5 to 4.5 em. wide, acuminate,
rounded or subcordate at base, short-hispid above, densely pilose beneath; pis-
tillate inflorescences axillary, each consisting of a single subsessile bract;
bracts reniform, about 5 mm. long and 11 mm. broad, 15-dentate, densely pilose,
the teeth triangular-ovate, acute; ovary smooth, densely white-hispid, the styles
with numerous dark red branches.
No other Mexican species has a pistillate inflorescence like that of the present
plant. In a few species it is reduced to a single bract, but in those cases the
bract is borne on a long slender peduncle.
20. Acalypha leptoclada Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 164. 1844.
Known only from the type locality, between San Blas and Tepic.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 5 to 7 cm. long, acuminate, coarsely dentate, pubes-
cent; spikes about as long as the petioles; ovary hispid.
21. Acalypha oligantha Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 159. 1865.
Known only from the original localities, Santa Maria Tlapacoyo and Paso
del Correo, banks of the Rio Tecolata, Veracruz.
Leaves lance-elliptic, 7 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, appressed-denticulate,
soon glabrate; staminate spikes slightly shorter than the leaves; pistillate
spikes scarcely equaling the petiole; ovary smooth, puberulent.
22. Acalypha acapulcensis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 87. 1897.
Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Very slender shrub with dark brown branches; leaves ovate or lance-ovate,
2 to 5 em. long, long-acuminate, crenate-dentate, glabrate; staminate spikes
2 em. long or less; pistillate spikes sessile, 2 to 4 cm. long; capsule hispid.
23. Acalypha dioica S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 162, 1890.
Known only from the type locality, near Monterrey, Nuevo Leon.
Stems suffrutescent, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves lance-ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long,
acuminate, crenate-serrate, pubescent ; staminate spikes long-pedunculate, about
equaling the leaves; pistillate spikes lax, with 3 to 8 bracts; capsule pubescent.
24, Acalypha comonduana Millsp. Proce. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 222. 1889.
Baja California; type from Comondt.
Slender shrub; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 11 em. long, acute or acuminate,
crenate-dentate, pubescent or glabrate; pistillate spikes equaling or longer
than the petioles, the bracts distant.
630 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
25. Acalypha californica Benth. Bot. Voy. Suiph. 51. 1844.
Baja California and northwestern Sonora; type from Magdalena Bay, Baja
California.
Slender shrub; leaves broadly ovate, obtuse or acute, crenate-dentate, densely
pubescent; staminate spikes 1 to 2.5 cm. long; pistillate spikes 2 cm. long or
less; ovary muricate.
26. Acalypha umbrosa T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: T. 1899.
Baja California; type from Socorro Island.
Leaves ovate or lance-ovate, acuminate, crenate-serrate, glandular-pubescent,
long-petiolate; staminate spikes pedunculate, equaling or shorter than the
leaves.
27. Acalypha papillosa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 358. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Agiabampo, Sonora.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2 meters high, nearly glabrous; leaves deltoid-ovate, 5 to 11 cm.
long, cuspidate-acuminate, crenate-serrate; pistillate spikes all terminal, few-
bracted ; capsule hispid.
28. Acalypha ocymoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 93. 1817.
Known only from the type locality, Volein de Jorullo, Michoacan.
‘Leaves ovate, 8 cm. long, acuminate, coarsely serrate, appressed-pilosulous
beneath; staminate spikes 4 to 6 cm. long; pistillate spikes 10 to 20 cm. longs;
ovary hirtellous and muricate.
29. Acalypha triloba Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 23. 1865.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known. ;
Stems hispid; leaves ovate, 5 to 8 cm! long, acuminate, serrulate, hispid;
pistillate spikes 5 to 9 cm. long; ovary muricate, hirsute.
30. Acalypha fournieri Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 162, 1865.
Colima, Jalisco, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type from San Luis Potosi.
Shrub; leaves broadly ovate to lance-oblong, 2 to 6 cm. long, acute or acumi-
nate, crenate-serrate, densely pilose beneath; pistillate spikes very dense;
ovary muricate and hispid.
31. Acalypha adenostachya Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 21. 1865.
Acalypha subviscida S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 440. 1886.
Sonora and Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi, Moreles, and Guerrero.
Stems woody or suffruticose, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high, viscid-pubescent; leaves
ovate or lanceolate, 3 to 11 em. long, acuminate, serrate or crenate-serrate,
viscid-pubescent beneath; staminate spikes long and slender, pedunculate;
ovary muricate and glandular-pubescent. ‘‘ Hierba del cancer” (Sinaloa).
The plant is used in Sinaloa as a remedy for wounds.
32. Acalypha langiana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 159. 1865.
Sinaloa to Querétaro and Oaxaca; type from Cuilapa, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Stems suffruticose, a meter high or less, viscid-pubescent; leaves ovate or
broadly ovate, 2 to 8 cm. long, crenate-serrate or dentate, viscid-pubescent,
varely glabrate; spikes usually very numerous end dense; ovary muricate.
“Hierba del cancer” (Puebla).
383. Acalypha pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 373. 1885.
Known only from the shores of the Gulf of California, northwestern Sonora,
the type locality.
Low shrub; leaves broadly ovate, 2 to 3.5 em. long, crenate-dentate, viscid-
pubescent ; staminate spikes pedunculate; pistillate spikes short, few-flowered ;
bracts 7 to 11-dentate.
-
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 631
34. Acalypha parvifolia Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 161. 1865.
Known only from the type locality, San Agustin, Oaxaca.
Shrub, about 30 cm. high, intricately branched; leaves triangular-ovate,
acute, denticulate; staminate spikes pedunculate, 1 to 2 ecm. long; pistillate
spikes 12 to 17 mm. long; bracts acutely 9 or 11-dentate; ovary muricate.
85. Acalypha deppeana Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 885, 1832.
Acalypha schiedeana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 20. 1865.
Veracruz; type from Plan del Rio.
Slender shrub, glabrous or nearly so; leaves broadly ovate to oblong-ovate,
5 to 11 cm. long, crenate-serrate, cuspidate-acuminate; pistillate spikes all
terminal, dense.
36. Acalypha lignosa T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 184. 1915.
Known only from the type locality, San Gerdnimo, Oaxaca.
Shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves ovate, 6.5 ecm. long, acuminate, crenate-dentate ;
pistillate spikes about 2 cm. long, dense; ovary hirsute.
87. Acalypha laxiflora Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 18, 1865.
Type from Veracruz. Also in Cuba.
Leaves ovate, 7 to 10 cm. long, acutely acuminate, appressed-serrate, glabrous
or nearly so; spikes about 8 cm. long; ovary sericeous.
88. Acalypha vagans Cav. Icon. Pl. 6: 47. pl. 569. f. 1. 1801.
Jalisco and Michoacan to Chiapas and Veracruz; type from Acapulco.
Stems suffruticose, pubescent; leaves 4 to 7 cm. long, acuminate, long-pedun-
culate, pubescent beneath or rarely glabrate; spikes equaling or shorter than
the leaves; ovary muricate, hirsute.
39. Acalypha lagascana Muell. Arg. Flora 1872: 27. 1872.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known.
Leaves 3.5 to 4.5 em. long, acuminate, villosulous beneath; staminate spikes
4 to 5 em. long; ovary muricate, hirtellous.
40. Acalypha liebmanni Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 161. 1865.
Known only from the type locality, Colipa, Veracruz.
Stems suffruticose, puberulent; leaves triangular-ovate, 2 to 4.5 cm. long,
shortly cuspidate-acuminate, serrate; pistillate spikes twice as long as the
leaves or longer, about 1 cm. thick.
41. Acalypha cincta Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 20. 1865.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Guerrero; type from some unknown Mexican locality.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate or rounded-ovate, 8 to 17 cm. long,
cuspidate-acuminate, crenate, puberulent beneath, with a narrow, pale green
border about the margin; pistillate spikes all terminal, 5 to 9 em. long, dense.
42. Acalypha schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 384. 1832.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Guatemala; reported from Venezuela.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, shortly
cuspidate-acuminate, crenate-serrate, pilose beneath; pistillate spikes dense,
the staminate axillary, equaling or longer than the leaves.
43. Acalypha oligodonta Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15*: 831. 1866.
Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca.
Stems suffrutescent, sericeous when young; leaves triangular-ovate, 5 to 6 cm.
long, acuminate, crenate, puberulent or glabrate beneath; staminate spikes
about 4 cm, long.
632 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
44, Acalypha mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 94. 1817.
Acalypha microstachya Benth. Pl. Hartw. 71. 1840.
Central Mexico; type from Venta de Chalco, Mexico.
Leaves ovate or lance-ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, serrate, densely pilose;
pistillate spikes elongate, very dense.
45. Acalypha lindeniana Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 827. 1866.
Veracruz and Puebla; type from Puente Nacional, Veracruz.
Leaves ovate, 4 to 5 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, serrate, densely pilose
beneath; staminate spikes half as long as the leaves, pedunculate; pistillate
spikes about 1.5 cm. long, lax.
46. Acalypha frederici Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 828. 1866.
Veracruz; type from Orizaba.
Stems slender, 1 meter high or less, suffruticose, hirsute, leaves ovate or
lance-ovate, 8 to 7 cm. long, acuminate, pilose beneath; spikes equaling or
longer than the leaves.
15. BERNARDIA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 356. 1763.
REFERENCE: Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147 ¥!!: 21-45. 1914.
Shrubs, the pubescence of simple or fasciculate hairs; leaves alternate, petio-
late or subsessile, usually dentate; flowers small, apetalous, monoecious or
dioecious, mostly in axillary spikes; fruit a 3-lobate capsule.
Meavestentires os tO MIN LOM ee = sa See eee daen ee 2 ESE ead 1. B. fasciculata.
Leaves dentate, usually much larger. :
Style branches entire. Leaves 6 to 16 em. long________-__~ 2. B. interrupta.
Style branches laciniate.
Leaves small, most of them less than 2 em. long; capsule usually less than
ARGH WAC ise 51 sey enry rls tee) a Ee se ee le ee 3. B. myricifolia.
Leaves large, mostly 3 to 11 cm. long; capsule 1.2 to 1.5 em. wide.
Leaves very scabrous on both surfaces___--------_----~-__ 4. B. aspera.
Leaves soft-pubescent, at least beneath___________-_____ 5. B. mexicana.
1. Bernardia fasciculata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 153. 1883.
Chihuahua and Coahuila; type from mountains northeast of Monclova,
Coahuila.
Shrub, bout 1.5 meters high; leaves fasciculate or alternate, spatulate,
glabrate.
A doubtful plant, scarcely of this genus.
2. Bernardia interrupta (Schlecht.) Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 171. 1865.
Acalypha interrupta Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 386. 1832.
Alevea leptotaschia Baill. Etud. Gén. Euphorb. 509. 1858.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Hidalgo; type from Hacienda de la Laguna,
Veracruz.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 5 meters high; leaves conspicuously petiolate,
elliptic or obovate, sinuate-dentate, sparsely stellate-pubescent or glabrate;
flowers dioecious; capsule 12 mm. broad.
3. Bernardia myricifolia (Scheele) S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 70. 1880.
Tyria myricifolia Scheele, Linnaea 25: 581. 1852.
Bernardia viridis Millsp. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 228. 1889.
Baja California to Tamaulipas. Western Texas to southern California; type
from New Braunfels, Texas.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, densely branched; leaves elliptic or obovate,
coarsely repand-crenate, densely tomentose beneath. ‘“ Palo de tarugo,” “ oreja
de rat6én” (Tamaulipas).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 633
4, Bernardia aspera Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147%'': 24. 1914.
Tepic to Guerrero; type from Acapulco, Gurrero.
Leaves short-petiolate, ovate, ovate-oblong, or elliptic, 5.5 to 11 ecm. long,
acute or acutish, very rough.
5. Bernardia mexicana (Hook. & Arn.) Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 171. 1865.
Hermesia mexicana Hook & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 309. 1841.
Bernardia brandegei Millsp. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 172. 1891.
San Luis Potosi to Hidalgo and Puebla. Central America and Venezuela.
Shrub, 1 to 8 meters high; leaves oblong to orbicular-ovate, acute or obtuse,
coursely crenate-dentate, thick, densely tomentose beneath when young but
sometimes glabrate in age; capsule densely tomentose.
16. ADELIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1298. 1759.
REFERENCE: Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147%'': 64-71. 1914.
Shrubs or trees, often with spinose branchlets; leaves alternate, entire, short-
petiolate; flowers small, dioecious, apetalous; fruit a 3-lobate capsule.
Meaves-spatulate; (mm wide or narrower. = 1. A. vaseyi.
Leaves not spatulate, most of them 2 cm. wide or more.
Leaves pinnately nerved, soon glabrate beneath___________ 2. A. barbinervis.
Leaves 3-nerved at base, densely pubescent beneath_________ 3. A. oaxacana.
1. Adelia vaseyi (Coulter) Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147°":
69. 1914.
Huphorbia vaseyi Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat Herb. 1: 48. 1890.
Western Texas, the type from Brazos Santiago; collected also at Browns-
ville, Texas, and doubtless in Tamaulipas.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves 1.5 to 3 cm. long.
2. Adelia barbinervis Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 362. 1831.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi to Oaxaca; type from Papantla, Veracruz.
Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high; leaves mostly obovate, 4 to
9 em. long, obtuse to acuminate; capsule about 1 cm. wide.
8. Adelia oaxacana (Muell. Arg.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 8: 129. 1883.
Ricinella oaxacana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34; 154. 1865.
San Luis Potosi to Yucatén and Oaxaca.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 6 meters high; leaves obovate, ovate, or elliptic,
2 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or shone poled, velvety-pilose; capsule 1 cm. broad.
“Xtompac” (Yucatan, Maya).
17. ALCHORNEA Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 98. 1788.
REFERENCE: Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich LV. 14'7%'': 220-253. 1914.
1, Alchornea latifolia Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 98. 1788.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America and West Indies; type from Jamaica.
Tree, 8 to 20 meters high; leaves alternate, long-petiolate, ovate or elliptic,
11 to 27 cm. long, short-pointed, crenate-dentate, with minute Scattered stellate
hairs On the lower surface; flowers small, apetalous, dioecious, spicate; capsule
1 em. broad. “Palo mujer,” “palo de puta” (Oaxaca); ‘“achiotillo,” ‘ palo
de cotorro,” “ yobillo”’ (Porto Rico) ; “aguacatillo” (Santo Domingo).
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ALCHORNEA SIMItIS Muell. Arg. Flora 47: 484. 1864. Type from Sierra San
Pedro Nolasco. Probably synonymous with A. latifolia.
634 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
18. JATROPHA L. Sp. Pl. 1006. 1753.
REFERENCE: Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147: 21-113. 1910.
Trees or shrubs, often armed with stinging hairs; leaves alternate, usually
long-petiolate, entire or palmately lobate, the stipules small or large and dis-
sected; flowers usually monoecious, petaliferous or apetalous, usually cymose;
fruit a capsule.
A few herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
Flowers apetalous; plants usually armed with stinging hairs.
Pistillate calyx persistent as a disk at the base of the capsule.
Leaves repand-dentate, not lobate, 2.5 to 6.5 em. wide_______ 1. J. palmeri.
Leaves conspicuously lobate, usually more than 10 cm. wide.
Leaves lobed halfway to the base or less, the lobes entire or repand-den-
ticulateltS-4eet obo Me An ed ok LE 2. J. tubulosa.
Leaves usually lobed more than halfway to the base, the lobes laciniate
or coarsely dentate.
Lobes of the leaves merely dentate__________________ 3. J. multiloba.
Lobes laciniate.
StAamMengcolimn el aprOUs = os ee eee ee 4. J. liebmannii.
Stamen column villous at the base_________-______ 5. J. polyantha.
Pistillate calyx caducous.
Calyx surrounded by a calyculus of slender-clavate hairs__6. J. calyculata.
Calyx not calyculate.
Outerwilamentseiree= sees Sire eee eee ae 7. J. urens.
Outer filaments united with the others.
Mea VES MONOD EM: eiusT tte ne Ye yt le 8. J. rotundifolia.
Leaves conspicuously lobate.
staminodia noneswet sve. ate ee ee eee 9. J. kunthiana.
Staminodia present, filiform.
Leaves lobed less than halfway to the middle__10. J. angustidens.
Leaves lobed more than halfway to the middle_11. J. aconitifolia.
Pier with petals; plants without stinging hairs.
Petals free or nearly so.
Stipules) reducedstoysessile qlands 22-22 ee ee 12. J. andrieuxii.
Stipules persistent, setaceous-dissected or subulate.
Petioles with gland-tipped hairs______________-____ 13. J. gossypiifolia.
Petioles without glands.
Meavesipeltatem=2 = ols ees See Se
Leaves not peltate.
Lobes of the leaves deeply lobate__________________ 15. J. multifida.
Lobes of the leaves merely dentate.
Leaves shallowly lobate; cymes few-flowered____16. J. purpurea.
Leaves deeply lobate; cymes many-flowered.
17. J. longipedunculata.
14. J. podagrica.
Petals conspicuously united.
Cymes much reduced, the flowers mostly fasciculate.
Leaves sessile or very short-petiolate.
Stipules small, not dissected; leaves glabrous or nearly so.
18. J. spathulata.
Stipules large, setose-dissected ; leaves densely pubescent.
19. J. neopauciflora.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 635
Leaves borne on long slender petioles.
Leaves and pistillate sepals glandular-ciliate.
Staminate sepals ciliate; leaves mostly acuminate._.20. J. cordata.
Staminate sepals eciliate; leaves acutish or rounded and _ short-
ORONO GN EKG SSMS ele ee ae Sige ae eS ae ee ee ae 21. J. vernicosa.
Leaves and sepais not Sin aero nha
Leaves pubescent on one or both surfaces____________ 23. J. cinerea.
Leaves glabrous on both surfaces.
Leaves broadly rounded or emarginate at apex.
Leayes acute. or acuminates_=—---_____-______ 24. J. cercidiphylla.
Leaves 5 to 10.5 cm. wide, entire______________ 29. J. gaumeri.
Leaves 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, crenate________ 22. J. cardiophylla.
Cymes large, much branched, broad.
eaves conspicuously peltate=2=- = = ae 25. J. platyphylla.
Leaves not peltate.
Teeth of the leaves ending in stipitate glands.________ 26. J. olivacea.
Teeth (if present) Vn eats stipitate glands.
Cymes_ sessile 2a ae SS gat) ey tee aie Ly am ee se 27. J. alamani.
Cymes pedunculate.
Leaves all or mostly entire.
MBCA VE SIO WOWial ete ane ee ee eae ee 28. J. sympetala.
Leaves cordate.
Branches of the inflorescence glabrous_______ 29. J. gaumeri.
Branches of the inflorescence densely pilose.
30. J. yucatanensis.
Leaves, at least most of them, conspicuously lobate or angulate.
Leaves glabrous or glabrate at maturity__________ 31. J. curcas.
Leaves densely pubescent beneath at maturity.
Leaves densely tomentose beneath, puberulent or thinly tomen-
tulose on the upper surface_____________ 32. J. rufescens.
Leaves villosulous beneath, velvety-pilose on the upper surface.
33. J. pseudocurcas.
1. Jatropha palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 76. 1888.
Sonora and Baja California; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrub; leaves long-petiolate, orbicular or flabellate, coarsely dentate, pubes-
cent on both surfaces.
2. Jatropha tubulosa Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 212. 1865.
Jatropha jurgensenit Briq. Ann. Cons; Jard. Genéve 4: 229, 1900.
? Jatropha tepiquensis Cost. & Gall. Rév. Gén. Bot. 18: 388. 1906.
Tepic(?) to Puebla and Oaxaca. Central and Sotth America.
Shrub or small tree, armed with long stiff stinging hairs; leaves about 20 cm.
wide; flowers white; capsule covered with stinging hairs. ‘Mala mujer”
(Paz).
3. Jatropha multiloba Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147: 107. 1910.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Orizaba, Veracruz.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 3.5 meters high, with few thick branches;
leaves 20 to 25 cm. wide, densely velvety-puberulent; flowers white, about 1
cm. long. ‘‘ Mala mujer lisa” (Tamaulipas).
4, Jatropha liebmannii Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 212, 1865.
Known only from the type locality, Tehuanac, Veracruz.
Leaves 3 to 7-parted, puberulent when young.
636 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Jatropha polyantha Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147: 105. 1910.
Known only from the type locality, La Orilla, Michoacin.
Frutescent, the branches armed with stinging hairs; leaves about 20 ecm.
wide, glabrous except for stinging hairs; flowers white. “ Ortiga.”
6. Jatropha calyculata Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147: 97. 1910.
Known only from the type locality, La Pitirem, Michoacin or Guerrero, alti-
tude 200 meters.
Leaves cordate, 10 to 15 cm. wide, armed with needle-shaped hairs, coarsely
salient-dentate; flowers white. ‘ Ortiga.”
Said to be herbaceous, but inserted here because of its close relationship to
some of the other species, most of which become shrubs at times. Roots large
and fleshy, employed as a remedy for venereal diseases.
7. Jatropha urens L. Sp. Pl. 1007, 1753.
Jatropha herbacea L. Sp. Pl. 1007. 1753.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and probably elsewhere.
Widely distributed in tropical America.
Shrub, 8 meters high, or often herbaceous, copiously armed with stinging
hairs; leaves 12 to 30 cm. wide; flowers white, sweet-scented, about 1 cm. long;
seeds grayish, 8 mm. long. ‘‘ Mala mujer” (Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz,
Tamaulipas) ; “ chichicaste,” “ chichicaste de burro” (Guatemala); “ guarito-
to” (Venezuela) ; “ pringamoza ”’ (Colombia).
The hairs sting the skin painfully, and often cause sores. The thick, fleshy
roots are employed locally for venereal and other diseases.
8. Jatropha rotundifolia Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 211. 1865.
Known only from the type locality, San Luis (Potosi ?).
Leaves 4 to 6 cm. wide, deeply cordate at base, repand-dentate; flowers 7 mm.
long.
8. Jatropha kunthiana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 211. 1865.
Veracruz. Northern South America; type from Cuman4, Venezuela.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves 12 to 25 em. wide; flowers about 1 cm.
long.
10. Jatropha angustidens (Torr.) Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 1102. 1866.
Cnidoscolus angiustidens Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 198. 1859.
Baja California and Sonora to Guerrero and Tamaulipas; type from Santa
Cruz, Sonora.
Herbaceous, or sometimes a shrub 1.5 meters high, densely armed with long
stinging hairs; leaves 10 to 25 cm. wide, long-petiolate, with numerous spine-
tipped teeth and shallow lobes; flowers white, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; seeds spotted
with brown and gray, 8 to-10 mm. long. ‘‘ Mala mujer,” “mala mujer china ’”
(Tamaulipas).
11. Jatropha aconitifolia Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Jatropha no. 6. 1768.
Jatropha papaya Medic. Bot. Beob. (1782) 194. 1783.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Yucatin. Central America.
Tree, sometimes 8 meters high; leaves 15 to 20 cm. wide; flowers white,
1 em. long. ‘“ Chaya,” “picar” (Yucatén) ; “ quelite” (Paz).
Sometimes planted as a shade tree or for hedges. Cultivated plants are
occasionally destitute of stinging hairs.
12. Jatropha andrieuxii Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 208. 1865.
Type collected between Puebla and Oaxaca.
Plant densely pubescent throughout; leaves 15 em. broad, suborbicular,
shallowly lobate; petals 1.5 cm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 637
13. Jatropha gossypiifolia L. Sp. Pl. 1006. 1753.
Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere. Widely distributed in tropical America;
also in western Africa (adventive ?).
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves 10 to 15 em. wide, 3 or 5-parted, the lobes
acute; flowers purplish. ‘“ Frailecillo” (Costa Rica, Cuba, Venezuela, Colom-
bia); “frailején,” ‘‘purga de fraile” (Colombia); “tiatia” (Venezuela,
Santo Domingo, Porto Rico, Cuba) ; “San Juan del Cobre” (Cuba) ; “‘ higuereta
-cimarrona’”’ (Porto Rico).
The seeds are eaten by doves and domestic fowls. They contain much oil
-and have drastic purgative and emetic properties. A decoction of the leaves
is employed as a blood purifier and for venereal diseases, and is administered
as an emetic for pains in the stomach. The root has some repute as an anti-
-dote for snake bites and as a remedy for the poison of manchineel (Hippomane
mancinella).
14. Jatropha podagrica Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 4376. 1848.
Puebla, probably cultivated. Central America; cultivated in the West Indies.
Plants mostly 1 meter high or less, glabrous; leaves long-petiolate, peltate,
10 to 20 em. long, deeply 3 or 5-lobate, the lobes broad, acute or obtuse, entire;
cymes long-pedunculate, the flowers red; petals 6 to 7 mm. long; capsule 1.5 cm.
long. ‘‘ Ruibarbo” (El Salvador).
15. Jatropha multifida L Sp. Pl. 1006. 1753.
Reported from Veracruz, but perhaps only cultivated. Widely distributed
in tropical America ; naturalized in the tropics of the Old World.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 6 meters high, glabrous; leaves with numerous
narrow lobes; flowers red or purplish, the petals 4 to 7 mm. long; capsule
nearly 3 cm. long. “Cabalongo” (Veracruz, Seler); ‘chicaquil” (Costa
Rica) ; ‘‘ tartora,” ‘‘ pindn” (Venezuela) ; ‘‘ yuca cimarrona ” (Santo Domingo).
The leaves are said to be cooked sometimes as a vegetable. The yellow sap
is used in Brazil in the treatment of wounds, and the roasted seeds for fevers
and venereal diseases. The seeds are purgative like those of many other
species.
16. Jatropha purpurea Rose & Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147: 42. f. 15.
1910.
Dry hillsides, Sinaloa and southern Baja California; type from Agiabampo,
Sonora.
Shrub, about 2.5 meters high, with thin, papery, pale brown bark; leaves
slender-petiolate, 4 cm. wide or narrower, more or less 3-lobate; petals 7 to
8 mm. long.
17. Jatropha longipedunculata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 328.
1920.
Jatropha urens longipedunculata T S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6:
868. 1917.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan.
Shrub or small tree, 5 meters high or less, nearly glabrous; leaves long-
petiolate, 12 to 27 cm. long, 3 or 5-lobate, cordate at base, the lobes acute or
acuminate, coursely dentate; petals 5 mm. long; capsule about 1 cm. long.
18. Jatropha spathulata (Orteg.) Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 1081. 1866.
? Jatropha dioica Cervant. Supl. Gace. Lit. Méx. 4. 1794.
Mozinna spathulata Orteg. Hort. Matr. Dec. 105. pl. 13. 1799.
Loureira cuneifolia Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 17. pl. 429. 1799.
Zimapania schiedeana Engl. & Pax in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 119.
f. 75. 1890.
638 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Baja California to Tamaulipas and Puebla. Western Texas and southern
Arizona.
Shrub, 0.5 to 5 meters high, with thick, succulent, reddish-brown branches;
leaves usually fasciculate, 1 to 7 cm. long, linear to spatulate, entire or often
8-lobate; flowers very small, fasciculate, sessile or pedicellate; fruit usually
1-seeded. “ Sangregrado” (San Luis Potosi, Sonora, Zacatecas, Durango, etc.) ;
“sangre de drago” (Durango, Chihuahua, Nuevo Leén, San Luis Potosi,
Hidalgo, Zacatecas, Mexico, Texas) ; “sangre de grado” (Durango, Coahuila) ;
“ sangregado’”’ (Urbina) ; ‘‘ tecote prieto”’ (Sinaloa, Sonora) ; “ tocote prieto ”
(Sonora); “matacora,”’ ‘torote prieto” (Baja’ California); ‘“ telondilla”
(Distrito Federal); ‘“drago” (Texas, Tamaulipas); “pifioén del cerro”
(Oaxaca, Villada) ; “torote amarillo” (Sonora); “coatli” (Sahagin) ; “ tla-
palezpatli”’ (Herndndez).
The stems are flexible and tough; they are useful for whips and withes,
and have been used for making baskets. The bark is used for tanning and
dyeing, and has been exported for those purposes. It gives a dark red dye,
but is said to be injurious to cloth. The juice has astringent properties and is
used in domestic medicine for hardening the gums, for skin eruptions, sores,
dysentery, hemorrhoids, and venereal diseases, to prepare a gargle for sore
throat, as a wash to restore and give luster to the hair, and to remove stains
from the teeth. The roots are chewed to relieve toothache.
The species exhibits great variation in the form of the leaves, even upon 2
single plant.
19. Jatropha neopaucificra Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147: 134. 1910.
Mozinna paucifiora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 282. pl. 22. 1909.
Jatropha paucifiora Pax in Eng). Pflanzenreich IV. 147: 82. 1910.
Puebla; type from Tehuacan.
Shrub, 3 to 4 meters high, similar to the last species; leaves usually larger,
usually 1.5 to 3 em. wide; seed about 1 cm. in diameter.
20. Jatropha cordata (Orteg.) Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 1078. 1866.
Mozinna cordata Orteg. Hort. Matr. Dee. 107. 1799.
Loureira glandutosa Cav. Ieon. Pl. 5: 18. pl. 430. 1799.
Sonora and southern Chihuahua to Jalisco.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves ovate-cordate, crenate,
usually not lobate, glabrous, lustrous. ‘‘ Mata-muchachos” (Chihuahua) ;
“jiotillo ” (Sinaloa).
The bruised leaves are applied to sores, and they are added to water in
which children are bathed, because of supposed strengthening properties. The
juice is yellowish, and when dry forms a sulphur-colored powder.
21. Jatropha vernicosa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 206. 1905.
Southern Baja California; type from mountains of the Cape Region.
Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high, glabrous; leaves rounded-cordate, 3 to 7 cm. wide.
Rather doubtfully distinct from J. cordata. —
22. Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15’: 1079. 1866.
Mozinna cardiophylla Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 198. 1859.
Sonora. Southern Arizona; type collected near Tucson.
Low glabrous shrub. ‘ Torote” (Sonora.)
The roots are employed for tanning. When dried they contain over five per
cent of tannic acid.
23. Jatropha cinerea (Orteg.) Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 1078. 1866.
Mozinna cinerea Orteg. Hort. Matr. Dec. 107. 1799.
Mozinna canescens Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 52. pl. 25. 1844.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 639
Jatropha canescens Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15’: 1079. 1866.
Dry plains and hillsides, Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high, with brown or whitish bark; leaves
2 to 7 cm. wide, more or less cordate at base, entire or somewhat undulate;
flowers pinkish; capsule 2 t® 2.5 em. wide. “ Sangregrado” (Sinaloa, Sonora) ;
“sangre en grado” (Sonora); “lomboi” (Baja California); ‘ torotito”
(Sonora).
A decoction is employed as a mordant in dyeing. The juice is astringent and
is uSed as a remedy for warts and sore throat, and for hardening the gums,
24. Jatropha cercidiphylla Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected between San Luis Potosi and Tampico (Palmer 1140; U. 8.
Nat. Herb. no. 42743) ; also in the Tres Marias Islands, Tepic.
Stipules linear-lanceolate, entire, persistent ; petioles slender, 4 to 8 mm. long,
inserted above the base of the blade; leaf blades orbicular to reniform, some-
times flabellate-orbicular, 1 to 2.8 em. long, 1 to 2.7 em. wide, broadly rounded
or shallowly emarginate at apex, rounded or subcordate at base, subcoriaceous,
glabrous or nearly so, glaucescent beneath, the venation conspicuous and reticu-
late; pistillate flowers axillary, solitary, the pedicels 1.5 to 6 cm. long; capsule
glabrous, about 1 cm. long; seeds 4 to 5 mm. long, brown, rugulose.
25. Jatropha platyphylla Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 15”: 1077. 1866.
Sinaloa to Michoacan.
Shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves 15 to 35 cm. broad, glaucous beneath, with
short rounded lobes; seeds about 12 mm. long. “‘ Sangregrado.”
Sometimes cultivated as a hedge plant.
26. Jatropha olivacea Muell. Arg. Linnaea 84: 207. 1865.
Mexico to Oaxaca; type from San Juan del Estado, Oaxaca.
About a meter high, nearly glabrous; leaves 5 to 7 cm. long, 3 or 5-lobate;
corolla about 8 mm. long.
27. Jatropha alamani’* Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 207. 1865.
Known only from the type locality, Tehuantepec, Oaxaca.
Trunk 2.5 to 38 meters high; leaves 10 cm. wide, 5-lobate, cordate at base,
puberulent.
28. Jatropha sympetala Standl. & Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 188.
1920.
Type from Playa de Coyula, Oaxaca.
Tree; leaves petiolate, obovate, 7 to 9 cm. long, rounded at apex, cuneate
at base, glabrous, glaucescent beneath; cymes shorter than the leaves, hispidu-
lous, long-pedunculate, the flowers red; corolla 8 mm. long. ‘“ Pifioncillo. ”
29. Jatropha gaumeri Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 256. 1907.
Yucatan; type from Izamal.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 10 meters high, the trunk sometimes 50 cm. in diameter ;
leaves of medium size, broadly cordate, usually cuspidate-acuminate, glabrous
or nearly so. ‘‘ Pomolché.”
Branches sometimes used for making whistles. This has been reported
from Yucatéin as Ficus jaliscana and as Jacaratia mexicana.
*The species is named in honor of Lucas Alamfn (1792-1853), who was born
at Guanajuato. He studied under Cervantes, and traveled for some time in
Europe. He forwarded notes and botanical specimens to De Candolle, and is
said to have been well informed upon botanical subjects. He is best known for
his literary and historical publications.
640 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
80. Jatropha yucatanensis Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 4: 230. 1900.
Campeche and Chiapas; type from Campeche.
Tree; leaves 5 to 11.5 em. wide, broadly cordate, pubescent beneath at first
but soon glabrate; flowers green.
One collection from Puebla is closely related to*® this species, but may rep-
resent a distinct species. The material is too poor for certain determination.
31. Jatropha curcas L. Sp. Pl. 1006. 1753.
Sinaloa to Veracruz, Yucatan, and Chiapas. Widely distributed in tropical
America; naturalized in the tropics of the Old World.
Shrub or tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves 6 to 35 cm. wide, shallowly 3 or
5-lobate, long-petiolate; flowers greenish yellow; capsule large, drupaceous, 2
or 3-celled; seeds about 2 em. long. “Sangregado” or “sangregrado” (Sina-
loa) ; “ xeacal-ché,” “ siclte” (Yucatan, Maya); “ pinoncillo” (Chiapas, Vera-
cruz, Oaxaca) ; “ quauhayohuatli,” “ quauhayohuachtli” (Nahuatl) ; “ avellanas
purgantes” (seeds), “pifion de Indias” (Veracruz, Ramirez) ; “ piién purgante”
(Oaxaca); “pifén’”’ (Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, Venezuela, Santo Do-
mingo, Porto Rico); ‘“pifién botija” (Cuba); “coquillo” (Panama, Costa
Rica) ; “ tartago”’ (Porto Rico) ; “ tempate” (Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salva-
dor) ; “tempacte’”’ (Guatemala); “tapate” (Costa Rica).
Known in the British West Indies as “ physic-nut.” Often cultivated in
Mexico as a hedge plant, because the branches take root quickly when placed
in the ground, and because the plant is not eaten by stock. Palmer reports
that the plant gives a purple dye and is sometimes used for tanning. The
wood is very soft and spongy. The seeds have an agreeable flavor and have
been eaten by children, but sometimes with fatal results, for they are poison-
ous. They contain from 25 to 40 per cent of inodorous oil which is easily
extracted by pressure. This has been employed in some regions for illuminat-
ing purposes, also for soap making, as a lubricant, and in paints. The leaves
are said to be used in the Philippines for stupefying fish. In Costa Rica they
are applied as poultices for eczema and other skin diseases. The seeds possess
drastic purgative properties.
The plant is desribed at length by Oviedo -(Lib. X, Cap. IV), who men-
tions the purgative properties of the seeds, which were known to the Indians
who, on this account, planted the trees about their houses. He relates how
his own small children in the city of Santo Domingo in 1520 ate some of the
seeds and narrowly escaped death. The plant is described and figured by
Hernandez,* who says : “The Quauhayohuachtli is a tree of medium size,
with large leaves like those of burdock, round and angled. The fruit, some-
what like plums or nuts, has three pifiones contained in its cavities, in their
form, size, and kernels much like the fruits of our pine, but very different
in their properties. It is a powerful vomitive, and purges all kinds of humors.
For chronic diseases the seeds are much used, in the quantity of five or seven;
always an odd number; I do not know the reason for this injunction. They
are accustomed to make their action milder by roasting them and soaking
them for some time in water or wine. Their nature is hot and oily. The tree
grows in hot places, such as Tepecuacuilco [Guerrero].” Sessé and Mocifio
state that the roasted seeds were ground and mixed with chile and tomato
to make a sauce or condiment known as “ pipian.” Humboldt and Bonpland
report that the Indians ate the seeds after removing the embryo.
*Thesaurus 87-88. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 641
An interesting account is given by Urbina? of axi, axin, or aje, an oily
yellowish substance which is produced by a scale insect of the same name upon
the branches of Jatropha curcas, Spondias, and other trees. Urbina quotes from
Llave, who says:
“The Coccus axin was brought from Tlacotalpan in the State of Veracruz,
and Dr. Schiede, a German physician, has told me that he has seen it also
at Papantla. This animal lives on the bark of the plant called in the tierra
caliente Pién (Jatropha curcas) and on that called Jobo (Spondias mombin).
“We know that they cultivate these insects in Tlacotalpan, whence they
have sent information regarding the conservation, propagation, and extraction
of the Avi. The first is practiced by placing the insects, when they have
reached their full development (in October or November), within corn husks
filled with corn silk, which latter alone should come in contact with the in-
sects. These bundles are stored in a place which is dry and free from ants
or other insects which might injure them; and in the month of May or June,
when the rains begin, they open the bundles at one end, and find within a
white envelope like spider web; and then they bind the bundles to the trees
destined for propagation, and in a short time the trees are covered with the
new insects. The trees used are known by the vernacular names of Jobo and
Pifién; and as soon as the insects find a place on the bark they remain fixed
there until they are scraped off in order that the Ari may be extracted from
them. This operation is practiced by separating the insects first from the
dust which covers them; next they are put to boil in ordinary water until
they disintegrate and the wax rises to the surface, whereupon they are strained
in a piece of cloth in order to extract all the wax possible. This is placed
in jars and left to stand 20 hours or more, when it is found to be slightly
coagulated; then it is stirred until it forms small balls, which are washed
and put over a slow fire to remove the moisture; afterward the wax is
strained, and when cold it is in form fit for use.
“Among other uses, we know that the natives of Tlacotalpan employ this
wax, melted, for varnishing pieces of crockery; and if a certain degree of heat
is applied, there is obtained a sort of jelly, which, if rubbed over paintings,
gives a very brilliant varnish.
“The culture of the Avin is a fact which confirms the favorable opinion
which must be held of the ancient inhabitants of our country, for the domes-
tication of plants and animals is always a proof of civilization.”
Urbina quotes also from Herrera, who says: “The Aje has a consistency
like butter; it is yellow, and has a peculiar odor similar to that of rancid
butter. * * * The Indians used it for erysipelas and as a resolutive and
vulnerary ; they employed it also for the cure of hernia, mixing it with hule
{crude rubber], turpentine, and arrayin; it is used for various uterine af-
fections. In the arts it is used as an excellent varnish for wood and metals,
and it is employed by the natives to varnish jicaras.”
“Axin” is produced in many parts of Mexico. It is well known in Yucatan,
where the Maya name is “ni-in.” The varnish is said to be very durable,
and is employed, among various uses, for varnishing guitars. Dondé states
(according to Urbina, loc. cit.) : “It is probable that the ancient inhabitants
of the country (Yucatén) employed this oil in painting their buildings, and
for this reason there are still seen, after three centuries, their decora-
tions, whose good state of preservation aroused the admiration of Mr. Stephens,
when, in 1842, he visited our ruins.”
Yor an illustration of Jatropha curcas see Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 42.
* Naturaleza 7: 363-365. 1902.
7808—23——_9
642 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
82. Jatropha rufescens T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 88. 1910.
Known only from the type locality, Tlacuilotepec, Puebla, altitude 1,800
to 2,100 meters.
Branches thick and succulent; leaves 6 to 10 em. wide, shallow-lobate or
merely undulate, cordate at base, bright green on the upper surface, covered
beneath with a dense brownish tomentum.
33. Jatropha pseudocurcas Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 208. 1865.
Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca.
Shrub, 8 to 4.5 meters high; leaves 10 to 20 cm. wide, broadly cordate at
the base, copiously pubescent; capsule 2.5 cm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIBKS.
The following, described from Mexico by Cervantes in 1794 (Supl. Gac. Lit.
Méx. 3, 4), are so imperfectly characterized that their identification is alto-
gether doubtful: J. ciliata, J. edulis, J. octandra, J. palmata, J. quinqueloba,
J. triloba.
19. MANINOT Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 356. 1763.
REFERENCE: Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147 U: 21-99. 1910.
Shrubs or trees, or sometimes herbs, usualiy with succulent stems, often
glaucescent; leaves alternate, petiolate, usually large and lobate; flowers large,
monoecious, apetalous, racemose or paniculate; fruit a capsule.
Manihot glaziovit Muell. Arg. is the Ceara rubber tree, an important rubber
plant of Brazil.
Bracts of the inflorescence large and foliaceous.
Lobes of the leaves shallowly lobate____-_________--____-___ 1. M. pringlei.
Lobes of the leaves entire.
Calyx glabrous outsides. = aene te ee ee ee 2. M.crassisepala.
Calyx-pubescent anu S22 aan a! eb 9 Sieh” ccow ) pines Be 3. M. foetida.
Bracts small and inconspicuous.
Lobes of the leaves lobate.
Lobes of the leaves linear or lance-linear, broadest below the middle.
4. M. angustiloba.
Lobes of the leaves broad, dilated at apex.
Calyx 1 cm. long; bractlets usually absent____-_- 5. M. carthaginensis.
Calyx 1.5 em. long; bractlets of the pedicels linear, 5 to 10 mm. long.
6. M. intermedia.
Lobes of the leaves entire.
Bracts sincised-laciniates = 42. en ere eee 7. M. microcarpa.
Bracts entire.
Calyx pubescent within, glabrous outside.
Anthers very short; ovary 6-angulate; capsule winged_8. M. esculenta.
Anthers elongate; ovary terete; capsule not winged______ 9. M. dulcis.
Calyx glabrous throughout.
Leaves 3-parted, the lobes truncate or emarginate__10. M. pauciflora.
Leaves 3 to 7-lobed or parted, the lobes acutish to acuminate.
Lobes of the leaves lanceolate__________________ 11. M. olfersiana.
Lobes of the leaves rhombie or obovate.
Lobes rhombic, abruptly dilated above_______ 12. M. rhomboidea.
Lobes obovate, not abruptly dilated.
Lobes abruptly cuspidate-acuminate___________ 13. M. caudata.
Tobes merely“ acuminate=—=—2 2s 22s 14. M. aesculifolia.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 643
1. Manihot pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 26: 148. 1891. ;
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type from Las Canoas, San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, 2 meters high, the stems as much as 4 cm. in diameter; bark thin,
brownish gray, nearly smooth; wood white, soft and fibrous; leaves 5 or
7-parted, 9 to 12 cm. long, the lobes usually lobate; flowers white, about 2
cm. long. ‘‘ Matorral” (Tamaulipas).
2. Manihot crassisepala Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 1471: 28.
1910.
Known only from the type locality, Colima.
Tree; leaves 3-lobate, glabrate; calyx 2 cm. long; seeds red.
3. Manihot foetida (H. B. K.) Pohl, Pl. Bras. 1: 55. 1827.
Jauipha foetida H. B. IK. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 84. 1817.
Iknown only from the type locality, Mexicala, Guerrero.
Large tree with gray bark; leaves 3-parted, glabrous; calyx 1.3 em, long;
ovary white-tomentulose. ‘“Ayotectli.”
4, Manihot angustiloba (Torr.) Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 1073. 1866.
Janipha manihot angustiloba Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 199. 1859.
Chihuahua and Scnora to Oaxaca; type from Santa Cruz, Sonora. Southern
Arizona; Guatemala.
Low shrub, or often herbaceous; leaves 3 to 7-parted, the lobes 3 to 15 cm.
long, usually lobate but sometimes entire; calyx about 1 cm. long.
5. Manihot carthaginensis (Jacq.) Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 1073. 1866.
Jatropha carthaginensis Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 256. pl. 162. f. 1. 1763.
Manihot chlorosticta Standl. & Goldm. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 375, 1911,
Baja California to Chiapas and Yucatéin. Southern Arizona, Central America
and northern South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia.
Tree or shrub, sometimes 6 meters high, sparsely branched; leaves 8 to 12
cm. long, 5 or 7-lobate. “ Xcaché” (Yucatéin, Maya) ; ‘“ yuca de monte” (Costa
Rica) ; “yucea,” “ yuquilla” (Venezuela), “cuadrado” (Sinaloa).
This species is said to be cultivated in Brazil for the fleshy roots, from which
flour is obtained. The tubers are smaller than those of Jf. utilissima, but richer
in starch. The seeds have emetic and purgative properties.
6. Manihot intermedia Weatherby, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 427. 1910.
Guerrero; type from Iguala Canyon, altitude 915 meters.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, glabrous; calyx bluish outside, yellowish within.
%. Manihot microcarpa Muell. Arg. Flora 55: 42. 1872.
Type from Mexico, the locality not known.
Leaves 5 or 7-parted, 6 to 8 cm. long; calyx 11 to 12 mm. long; capsule 7 mm.
long.
8. Manihot esculenta Crantz, Inst. Herb. 1: 167. 1766.
Jatropha manihot L. Sp. Pl. 1007. 1753.
Manihot utilissima Pohl, Pl. Bras. 1: 32. pl. 24. 1827.
Manihot manthot Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 588. 1880-83.
Cultivated, especially in Yucatéin, Veracruz, Oaxaca, etc., and in some places
escaped from cultivation. Native of Brazil, but cultivated in most tropical
regions.
Shrub, usually 2 to 3 meters high; roots tuberous, elongate and thick; leaves
3 to 7-parted, 8 to 17 cm. long, usually glabrous and glaucous beneath; capsule
about 1.5 cm. long, “ Huacamote,” “ huacamotl,” “ huacamotli,” “ yuea,” “ yuca
brava” (Ramirez) ; “cuacamote” (Oaxaca) ; “yuca amarga ” (Yucatan) ; “yuca
644 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
agria” (Cuba); “cixcamote” (Guatemala); “quiscamote” (Honduras) ;
“ ouacamote”’ (Oaxaca, Conzatti).
Cassava? is one of the valuable food plants of the world, and the most
important one in many tropical regions, taking the place of corn and wheat.
It is much cultivated in some parts of Mexico, especiaily in the Yucatin Penin-
sula, and is said to have been introduced in preconquest times. The plants
are grown from cuttings. Two well-marked varieties occur: One may be used
without special treatment (‘ yuca dulce”) ; the other has very poisonous juice,
the injurious principle of which is made harmless by heat. The poisonous
properties have been attributed to hydrocyanic acid, but others claim that they
are due to a peculiar principle, manihotoxine. Meal, starch, and cassava or
tapioca are obtained from the roots. The first is prepared by peeling and grat-
ing the root, expressing the juice, and drying and sifting the meal, which must
also be heated in the case of the poisonous variety. Starch is obtained by pre-
cipitation from an infusion of the grated roots. Tapioca is prepared by roast-
ing the starch grains. The roots of the cassava plant also furnish a useful
food for stock of all kinds. Cassaripe, the thickened gum obtained from the
root of yuca agria, has antiseptic properties and is commonly used in Brazil for
the preservation of meat. The Caribs prepared an intoxicating liquor from the
roots. According to Barham, the fresh roots, when eaten, cause pain in the
stomach, swelling of the abdomen, violent vomiting and purging, giddiness,
chills, dimness of vision, and in a few hours death.
The cassava plant is treated at great length by Oviedo (Lib. VII, Cap. II) as
well as by most other early writers upon tropical American natural history.
He describes the method of cultivation with considerable detail. The yuca
dulce, he states, was not known in the islands. He asserts that the yuca agria
is poisonous to all animals except cows, horses, and rats, and that “a small
draught of the juice will kill an elephant or any other animal or man.” He
does not claim to have had personal experience in the case of the elephant.
“Tf this deadly juice is boiled two or three times, the Indians eat it, making
soup of it, as a good pottage and tonic; but as it cools, they cease to eat it,
for although it will not kill after it has been cooked, they say that it is difficult
of digestion if eaten cold. If when the juice is expressed it is boiled down
two-thirds and left to stand two or three days, it turns sweet, and this they
use as a Sweet beverage, mixing it with other food; and after it is boiled and
settled, the juice turns sour and is used like vinegar or sour wine. * * #*
When there were many Indians in Hispaniola, if one of them wished to die,
he ate the yuca roots, and after two or three days or less he died; but if
he drank the fresh juice, he had no time for repentance, for his life ended
then and there.” Oviedo states that six varieties of yuca, which he names,
were grown in Hispaniola. According to the same author, “yuca” was the
Haitian name for the plant, and the bread made from it was known as
“ cacabi.”
9. Manihot dulcis (Gmel.) Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147": 71. 1910.
Jatropha dulcis Gmel. Onom. Bot. 5: 7. 1772-78.
Manihot aipi Pohl, Fl. Bras. Icon. Descr. 1: 29. pl. 23. 1827.
Cultivated in Yucatin, Oaxaca, and perhaps elsewhere; in some localities
said to be naturalized. Native of South America.
Shrub, 1 to 4 meters high; leaves deeply 3 to 13-parted, glabrous or nearly
so; calyx 12 to 14 mm. long; capsule about 1.5 em. long. ‘‘ Yuca dulce”
*Introduced into Mexico in precolumbian times, and called by the Aztecs
“© quauhcamotl,” “ tree-potato.”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 645
(Yucatan, Oaxaca); “cuacamote dulce” (Oaxaca, Reko); “ guh-yaga”
(Oaxaca, Zapotee, Reko).
This species also has edible tuberous roots, which are often cooked as a
vegetable. The starch is sometimes extracted.
10. Manihot pauciflora T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 89. 1910.
Puebla; type from Santa Lucia.
Glabrous shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, with dark brown branches; leaves
8-parted, the lobes broadly cuneate, about 1.5 em. long; flowers solitary or
fasciculate, the calyx 2 cm. long; capsule nearly 2 cm. in diameter.
Very unlike the other Mexican species, the leaves resembling those of some
species of Ozalis.
11. Manihot olfersiana Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 1471: 55. 1910.
Known only from the type locality, in Oaxaca.
Glabrous; leaves 10 to 14 cm. long; calyx 1 cm. long.
12. Manihot rhomboidea Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 205. 1865.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known.
Leaves 5 or 7-parted.
18. Manihot caudata Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 82. 1903.
Southern Chihuahua to Guanajuato and Michoacan; type from Batopilas,
Chihuahua.
Shrub or small tree, 4 to 5 meters high; leaves deeply 3 to 7-lobate, the lobes
3 to 15 cm. long, tipped with a mucro 1 to 2 em. long; capsule 1.8 to 2.2 em.
long.
14, Manihot aesculifolia (H. B. K.) Pohl, Pl. Bras. 1: 55. 1827.
Janipha aesculifolia H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 107. pl. 109. 1817.
Yucatén Peninsula; type from Bay of Campeche; Veracruz(?).
Glabrous; leaves 5 or 7-parted, 8 to 12 em. long; calyx 1.5 to 1.8 em. long,
greenish. “ Xchaché” (Maya); ‘“yuca cimarrona” (Ramirez).
20. HURA L. Sp. Pl. 1008. 1753.
1. Hura polyandra Baill. Etud. Gén. Euphorb, 543. 1858.
Ignatia amara Sessé & Moe. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 21. 1887.
Sinaloa to Chiapas, Yucatan, and Veracruz; often planted; type from Echi-
covia, Oaxaca. Guatemala to Costa Rica.
Large tree, ofter 15 meters high, with a trunk 40 cm. or more in diameter,
the crown broad and spreading, the bark grayish; branches and trunk often
provided with sharp spines; leaves alternate, deciduous, long-petiolate, cor-
date-ovate, glabrous, crenate-dentate; flowers monoecious, apetalous, the pistil-
late in thick spikes; fruit depressed-globose, 8 to 10 cm. broad, about 15-celled ;
seeds flattened, brown, about 3 cm. long. ‘“ Ovillo” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ;
“jabilla” or “habilla” (Yucatéin, Veracruz, Morelos, Oaxaca, Guatemala,
ete.) ; “solimanché” (Yucatan); ‘haba de San Ignacio” (Oaxaca, Puebla) ;
“ quauhtlatlatzin ” “ quauhayohuatli” (Herndndez) ; “ pepita de San Ignacio”
(Morelos) ; “Arbol del diablo,’ ‘haba de Guatemala” (Oaxaca); ‘haba de
indio” (Ramirez); ‘‘tetereta” (Guatemaia); “haba” (Sinaloa); ‘‘ cua-
tatachi”’ (Robelo).
The Mexican plant has nearly always been referred to H. crepitans L., but
that species, which has a wide range in the West Indies and South America,
and extends into Costa Rica, probably does not reach Mexico. Strangely enough,
also, the plant has been reported in some Mexican publications as Strychnos
ignatii, a Philippine plant of a distantly related family. Hura polyandra dif-
646 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
fers from H. crepitans in the structure of the stamens, but otherwise resembles
it closely, and it-may be presumed that the two species have the same properties.
The wood is light and soft, whitish, with brown stripes; the specific gravity
is about 0.50. It is used for various purposes but not very extensively. In
parts of Mexico the trunks have been employed for telegraph poles. The
copious milky juice is poisonous in contact with the skin or if taken internally.
On the west coast it is much used for poisoning fish. The most curious part
of the tree is the large fruit, which resembles a small pumpkin. When ripe
the fruit explodes with considerable violence, scattering the sections (which
are arranged like those of an orange) with the inclosed seeds in every direc.
tion. The seeds, which contain about 50 per cent of oil, have violent purgative
properties, and are sometimes administered internally, but their use is danger-
ous. They are used for poisoning coyotes and other animals. The juice of
this and H. crepiians is said to have been used as a remedy for elephantiasis
and leprosy.
The English name usually applied is sandbox tree. This is derived from
the fact that in early days the immature fruits were dried, and after the
seeds had been removed the capsule was used as a container for the sand
employed in drying or blotting ink.
The tree is figured by Hernandez’ and described in a chapter headed “ De
Quauhtlatlatzin,’? seu arbore Crepitanti II.”
21. MABEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 2: 867. 1775.
1. Mabea occidentalis Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 6: 364. 1854.
Tabasco and Chiapas. Central America and northern South America; type
from Panama.
Slender shrub or tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves lance-elliptic or lanceolate,
5 to 15 em. long, cuspidate-acuminate, coriaceous, entire or crenulate, very
lustrous on the upper surface, glabrate; flowers monoecious, purplish, in long
raceme-like panicles; capsule trisuleate, about 1.5 cm. long, puberulent.
The sap is said to yield a kind of rubber.
22. DALEMBERTIA Baill. Etud. Gén. Euphorb. 545. 1858.
REFERENCE: Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147°: 268-270. 1912.
Shrubs, glabrous or pilose with simple hairs; leaves large, alternate, long-
petiolate, entire, dentate, or lobate; flowers monoecious, apetalous, the spikes
bisexual, the pistillate flowers numerous, very densely spicate.
Bishilatewpedicelsiearly, rellexedi=. 2 ee ee 1. D. populifolia.
Pistillate pedicels not reflexed.
Young: branches ferruginous-pubescent___________________ 2. D. triangularis.
Young branches glabrous.
Leaves subentire or irregularly trilobate_________________ 3. D. hahniana.
Iueaves deeply, 3 to 11 -lobates = 3 Se a eee 4. D. platanoides.
1. Dalembertia populifolia Baill. Etud. Gén. Euphorb. 346. pl. 5, f. 11-15. 1858.
Aleoceria pringlei Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 493. 1901.
Guerrero and Oaxaca.
Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves 5 to 14 ecm. long
and about as wide, often cuspidate at apex, remotely repand-dentate or 3 or
5-lobate, bright green; flowers purplish; capsule about 1 cm. wide, borne on a
pedicel 1 to 4.5 cm. long.
*Thesaurus 88. 1651.
*The Nahuatl name signifies ‘ explosive tree.”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 647
2. Dalembertia triangularis Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 218. 1865.
Type from Mexico, the locality not known.
Leaves 3.5 to 4 cm. long, cordate at base, usually 3-lobate, densely pubescent
when young.
3. Dalembertia hahniana Baill. Adansonia 11: 125. 18738.
Known only from the type locality, Xochicalco, Morelos.
4, Dalembertia platancides Baill. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 9: 197. 1858.
Known only from the type locality, mountain forests of Oaxaca.
23. GYMNANTHES Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 95. 1788.
REFERENCE: Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147°: 81-11. 1912.
Glabrous shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or glandular-
denticulate, stipulate; flowers usually monoecious, apetalous, spicate; capsule
3-suleate. -
Leaves mostly obovate, broadest above the middle; ovary stipitate.
1. G. lucida.
Leaves broadest at or below the middle; ovary sessile.
Mature leaves firmly membranaceous_________________________ 2. G. riparia.
Mature leaves coriaceous.
Leaves rather dull, not reticulate-veined_________ 3. G. actinostemonoides.
Leaves lustrous, prominently reticulate____._._.._...-_ 4. G. longipes.
1. Gymnanthes lucida Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 96. 1788.
Yueatin. Southern Florida and the West Indies.
Shrub of tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk 20 em. in diameter,
the bark thin, smooth or somewhat scaly, brown; leaves 5 to. 10 cm. long,
short-petiolate, obtuse, crenate-serrulate or entire; capsule 7 to 9 mm. in
diameter; wood hard, close-grained; dark brown, taking a fine polish, the
specific gravity about 1.09. ‘“Aité,” ‘ yaiti,” “ aceitillo” (Cuba).
In the West Indies the wood is scmetimes used for making canes. The milky
juice is said to be very poisonous; if it falls upon the skin it produces in-
flammation or even ulceration.
2. Gymnanthes riparia (Schlecht.) Klotzsch, Arch. Naturg. 7: 182. 1841.
Hacoecaria riparia Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 386. 1832.
Gymnanthes schlechtendaliana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 82: 100. 1863.
Veracruz; type collected near Zoncuautla and Jalapa.
Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 5 to 10 em. long, 2.5 to 8 em. wide, shortly cuspidate-
acuminate, short-petiolate, obscurely crenate-serrulate; capsule 8 to 10 mm.
long.
8. Gymnanthes actinostemoides Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 103. 1863.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 13 meters high; leaves deciduous, elliptic-lanceolate
to ovate-oval, 4 to 9 cm. long, acute or acuminate, crenate-serrulate.
4. Gymnanthes longipes Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 216. 1865.
Veracruz and San Luis Potosi (type locality).
Leaves persistent, elliptic-lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate, crenate-serrulate ;
capsule 9 mm. long.
The last three species are closely related and it is doubtful whether they
are distinct.
648 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
24. SEBASTIANIA Spreng. Neu. Entd. 2: 118. 1821.
REFERENCE: Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147°: 88-153. 1912.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, petiolate, usually serrulate, with small
stipules; flowers usually monoecious, apetalous, spicate.
Bracts of the inflorescence petiolate_______________________ 1. S. adenophora.
ISTacts!S@ssules= 2 —2u wath ee Pesta Fle ee sche ee Ha see 2. S. pavoniana.
1. Sebastiania adenophora Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147°: 145.
1912.
Yucatan; type from Silam.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high, glabrous; leaves ovate or oval-ovate, 3
to 5 em. long, acute or acuminate, serrulate, slender-petiolate. ‘“ Kanchunup. ”
This has been reported from Yucatin as Hzcoecaria glandulosa Swartz.
2. Sebastiania pavoniana Muell. Arg. in DC. Prodr. 157: 1189. 1866.
Gymnanthes pavoniana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 106. 1863.
Sebastiania pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 149. 1891.
Sebastiania palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 112. 1891.
Sebastiania ramirezii Maury, Naturaleza II. 2: 405. 1894.
Sonora to Tepic and San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, glabrous, with slender branches; leaves lanceo-
late or ovate, 4 to 11 cm. long, acuminate, irregularly serrulate; slender-
petiolate; spikes slender, 1 to 8 ¢m. long; capsule about 1 ecm. in diameter.
“Palo de la flecha,” “ hierba de la flecha” (Sonora) ; ‘‘mincapatli”? (Nahuatl).
The milky juice was employed formerly by the Indians for poisoning their
arrows. The best-known part of the plant, however, is the fruit, which fur-
nishes the famous “jumping beans” or “semillas brincadoras,”’ which are a
commen article in curio shops of the Southwest. The following is a translation
of the notes upon the subject published by Pax:
“The jumping seeds have a curved outer side, with a rounded keel, and two
flat sides. They are yellowish gray and show on the outside no opening or
point of injury. If they are laid upon one of the flat sides, with a quick move-
ment they turn upon the other. A longer time is demanded for the movement
from the curved side to one of the fiat ones. Frequently the beans hop several
millimeters in the air, and thus they may also move forward.
“Soon after the first notice of these peculiar seeds it was conjectured that the
cause of the movement must be a living occupant, which was verified by investi-
gation. In the ‘jumping beans’ lives the whitish larva of a small butterfly
belonging to the Tortricidae, named by Westwood as Carpocapsa saltitans. The
insect occurs especially in the Mexican States of Sonora, Michoacfin, Guerrero,
Puebla, and Veracruz. The larva consumes the contents of the ‘seed’ and
covers the inner surface of the latter with a web. The French entomologist
Lucas gives as an explanation of the jumping that the larva, which lacks much
of filling the cavity, supports itself upon the web by its body-feet, then loosens
its chest-feet and anterior body-feet, stretches itself out violently, and strikes
upon the wall of its dwelling with its head.
“With a warm temperature the intensity of the movement increases, al-
though it is net brought to a halt by a lower temperature. Consequently the
seeds occasionally brought to Europe retain their movement for some time. In
Berlin the larvae survived for weeks in unheated rooms. Buchenau reports
that Martens in 1871 brought jumping seeds to Europe * * *. He had left
Mexico in the middle of June. There was no longer any food left in the seeds
for the larvae. Nevertheless their violent movements continued until March of
the following year. In April the larvae changed into chrysalises, and in May
or June the butterflies emerged, for which they lifted up a circular lid Which
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 649
the larva earlier had cut out of the seed wall. Different investigations were
made in order to discover the advantage derived by the insect from the move-
ments. Some observers, among them Ascherson, surmise that the jumping of
the seeds is a means of frightening seed-eating animals, an explanation which
can scarcely be considered adequate. The ‘jumping beans’ are not produced
in equal abundance every year. Many years none at all are found.”
The “jumping beans” were not known in Europe until 1854, when some
were sent to England by the British minister, and the determination of the
plant which produced them was long unknown. In Mexico they are known
to be derived in part from Sapium biloculare, and probably they are borne by
plants of other related genera. In other countries also similarly affected
fruits are found in nearly related plants: In Africa, Sapium ellipticum
(Hochst.) Pax; in Brazil and Chile, species of Colliguaya.
It may be that more than one species is represented here, but this seems very
doubtful.
25. CORYTHEA §. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad, 22: 451. 1887.
Shrubs; leaves alternate, petiolate, crenate, stipulate; flowers monoecious
(?), the staminate glomerate in the axils of scarious galeate bracts; staminate
sepals 4; pistillate sepals 6; capsule 3-celled, tuberculate.
The following are the only species known.
Pistillate flowers solitary or fasciculate in the axils; leaves short-petiolate.
1. C. filipes.
Pistillate flowers racemose; leaves long-petiolate____________-_ 2. C. multifiora.
1. Corythea filipes S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 451. 1887.
Known only from the type locality, barranca near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Slender shrub, about 2 meters high; leaves alternate, thin, ovate to oblong-
elliptic, 3 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, obtuse at base, coarsely crenate,
puberulent or glabrate; staminate flowers spicate; pedicels 3 cm. long or
less.
2. Corythea multiflora Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected between Acaponeta and Concepcion, Tepic (Rose 1532; U. S.
Nat. Herb. no. 300375).
Branchlets sparsely pubescent or glabrate; stipules small, scarious; petioles
6 cm. long or less; leaf blades elliptic-ovate to rounded-ovate, 5 to 12 cm,
long or larger, acute or obtuse, rounded to subcordate at base, coarsely cre-
nate, puberulent along the veins, 3 or 5-nerved at base; pistillate flowers few
or numerous, racemose, the racemes 3 to 5 cm. long, the slender pedicels 2 to
10 mm. long, puberulent; capsule (immature) 3-lobate, strongly tuberculate,
puberulent.
26. HIPPOMANE L. Sp. Pl. 1191. 1753.
1. Hippomane mancinella L. Sp. Pl. 1191. 1753.
Chiefly along seashores, Veracruz and Yucatén; Oaxaca; Socorro Island.
Southern Florida, West Indies, Central America, and northern South America.
* The following literature upon the subject may be cited: CO. V. Riley, Mexican
jumping beans and the plants upon which they are produced, Amer. Garden
1891: 552-554. 1891; C. V. Riley, Mexican jumping beans, Proe. Entemo!. Soc.
Washington 2: 178-181. 1892; José Ramirez, Otros datos para la historia de las
semillas brincadores, Naturaleza II. 2: 408; José Ramirez, Nuevos datos para
la historia de las semillas brineadoras, Naturaleza II. 2: 408.
650 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Tree, sometimes 18 meters high, with a trunk 90 cm. in diameter, but usually
much smaller, the branches spreading, forming a rounded crown, the bark
thick, scaly, gray or brown; leaves alternate, persistent, ovate or oval, 4 to
10 cm. long, usually acute or short-pointed, crenulate-serrate, long-petiolate ;
flowers monoecious, in stout spikes; fruit drupaceous, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. broad,
shallowly 6 or 8-lobate, yellow or yellowish green, tinged with red; wood soft,
close-grained, dark brown, its specific gravity about 0.53. ‘ Manzanillo”
(Oaxaca, Veracruz, Cuba, Porto Rico, Santo Domingo, etc.) ; “arbol de la
muerte” (Oaxaca); ‘manzanillo de la playa” (Costa Rica); ‘ manganila”
(Colombia, Venezuela); ‘“ pinipiniche,” ‘“ penipeniche” (Cuba); ‘“ hincha-
huevos” (Mexico) ; ‘‘manzanillo de la costa” (Cuba).
The usual HWnglish name is “ manchineel,” evidently a corruption of the
Spanish ‘ manzanillo,”’ the latter name having been applied by the early
Spanish explorers because of the resemblance of the fruit to an apple. The
milky juice was used by the Caribs for poisoning their arrows. It is very
poisonous if taken internally, and upon the skin produces severe inflamma-
tion, but some people seem to be immune to the external effects of the juice.
The smoke from the burning wood will cause inflammation of the eyes. The
early explorers gave the most extravagant reports of the plant, stating that
a person who rested beneath a tree would be blinded, or even die, but these
statements were long ago proved to be erroneous. The wood has been em-
ployed in the West Indies for cabinetwork and interior finish, but great care
must be taken in working with it, even when dry, and in cutting the trees.
The fruit was often mistaken by the early explorers for crabapples, and was
sometimes eaten with fatal results. It is reported in the West Indies that the
flesh of fish or crabs which eat the fruit is poisonous, but goats are said to
eat the fallen fruit greedily without injurious results. The seeds and bark
have been employed as a vermifuge, but their use is dangerous. A gum which
exudes from the trunk has been used in Jamaica in the treatment of dropsy and
venereal diseases.
There are many references to manchineel in early American literature.
Oviedo (Lib. IX, Cap. XII) writes of it as follows:
“In these regions there are innumerable manzanillos, with which and other
poisonous mixtures the Indians are accustomed to make that diabolic poison
for their arrows. ‘These trees are usually low or spreading and some are
more than 6 yards high; they have large tops full of leaves which resemble
those of the pear. The trees are loaded with a fruit like apples, of good
odor, as large as pears but round, or sometimes elongate, variegated with red,
which gives them a pleasing appearance; but both they and the tree are poison-
ous in their effects. In Hispaniola the Indians did not use the plant, but there
is no man who sees the fruit, if he does not know it, who does not wish to
feast upon it, for its appearance and odor are inviting. It has been proved many
times that if men carelessly lie down to sleep under the trees, when they rise
after a short nap there is great pain in the head and swelling of the eyes and
cheeks. And if by chance the dew from the tree falls on the face, it is like fire,
blistering and burning the skin wherever it touches; and if it falls in the
eyes it blinds or burns them, and the sight is endangered. If the wood is
burned no one can endure it long, for it causes much heaviness, and such head-
ache that all stand away from it, be they men or any other animals.” Oviedo
also cites one instunce of a man who ate five or six of the fruits and was
- not injured thereby.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 651
Richard Ligon, in one of the early English publications upon the West Indies,
which is quaintly written and full of interesting information, gives the fol-
lowing notes about the manchineel:
“The people that have lived long there, say, ’ tis not wholsom to be under
the shade of this tree. The fellers, as they cut them down, are very careful of
their eyes; and those that have Cipers, put it over their faces; for if any
of the sap fly into their eyes, they become blind for a month. * * * Yet,
of this timber we make all, or the most part, of the Pots we cure our Sugar in;
for, being sawed, and the boards dryed in the Sun, the poyson vapours out.
* * * The fruit is like an apple John, and ’tis said to be one of those
poysons, wherewith the Indian Caniballs envenome their arrows.”
27. SAPIUM Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 249. 1763.
REFERENCE: Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147%: 199-258. 1912.
Trees or shrubs, glabrous; leaves alternate, petiolate, usually glandular-den-
ticulate, the stipules small; flowers monoecious, apetalous, spicate, the spikes
terminal or lateral.
Some of the species are said to be used for dyeing and tanning. Sapiwm
jenmanit Hemsl. is the chief source of rubber in British Guiana. S. verum
Hems!., of Colombia, is an important source of rubber, and the same is true of
S. pavonianum Huber, also a native of Colombia, where it is known as “palo
de leche.”
‘Spikes lateral or axillary ; leaves mostly 15 to 20 em. long___1. S. lateriflorum.
Spikes terminal; leaves mostly less than 15 em. long.
Glands at base of the leaf blade small, depressed.
eaves OVAL oO tO D:peCMmwideLe sso. fois Ee ie Lies 2. S. appendiculatum.
Leaves narrowly oblong or linear-oblong, less than 1.5 em. wide.
8. S. biloculare.
Glands large, conie or cylindric.
Capsule sessile or nearly so; lateral nerves of the leaves nearly horizontal
Geatd, -CSiraiohi= 200) ano OF. 0) 3 2ov ial 2 dats p 4, S. macrocarpum.
Capsule long-stipitate; lateral nerves ascending, arcuate.
5. S. pedicellatum.
1. Sapium lateriflorum Hemsl. in Hook. Icon. pl. 2680. 1901.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Veracruz. Guatemala.
Tree; leaves mostly elliptic, 10 to 20 em. long, 5 to 6 em. wide, usually
rounded and short-pointed at apex, entire or nearly so, long-petiolate, with
two large conic glands at the apex of the petiole. ‘ Hierba de la flecha,”
“palo de la flecha ” (Oaxaca) ; ‘ hiza” (Sinaloa).
The milky sap is reported to be irritating and poisonous.
2. Sapium appendiculatum (Muell. Arg.) Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzen-
reich IV. 147°: 214. 1912.
Stillingia appendiculata Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 87. 1863.
Sinaloa to southern Chihuahua and Oaxaca.
Slender tree, 8 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, 5 to 10 em. long, short-
pointed at apex, serrulate or entire, often glaucescent; capsule 9 mm. long.
“*Hierba de la flecha” (Sinaloa) ; “palo de la flecha” (Sinaloa, Chihuahua).
As in other species, the milky juice is poisonous, and was used by the
Indians for poisoning their arrows.
*Richard Ligon, a true and exact history of the island of Barbadoes, p. 68.
1673.
652 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Sapium bileculare (S. Wats.) Pax in Engl. Pflanzenreich 1V. 147": 221.
1912.
Sebastiania bilocularis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 374. 1885.
Sonora and Baja California; type collected between Ray6én and Ures,
Sonora.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 6 meters high; leaves 3 to 7 cm. long, short-
petiolate, often glaucescent, rounded to acuminate at apex, glandular-serru-
late; fruit 2-celled, about 1 cm. long. ‘“‘ Hierba de la flecha” (Sonora, Baja
California) ; “hierba mala” (Sonora); ‘ mago,” “magot” (Opata).
This plant, like Sebastiania pavoniana, produces “ jumping beans” (see
p. 648). The juice is poisonous as in other species, and in Baja California
the finely chopped branches are thrown in water to stupefy fish. Exposure
to smoke from the burning wood or sleeping in the shade of the tree is said
to cause sore eyes. The juice is said to be used by the Opata Indians to
poison their arrows, but according to McGee’ the evidence to this effect is not
conclusive.
This is probably the plant to which Clavigero es de la California,
1789) makes reference, as follows:
“Among the few plants of California there are some harmful ones, one of
which is a certain shrub called by the Spuniards of that region palo de la
flecha, for from it the Indians dwelling along the coast of Sonora obtain the
terrible poison with which they poison their arrows, so as to cause mortal
wounds. The Californians, although they are acquainted with the evil pro-
perties of the plant, have never employed it.”
The leaves are broader in Baja California specimens than in those from
Sonora, but it is doubtful whether the peninsular plant differs essentially. For
an illustration of the tree see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 117, B.
4, Sapium macrocarpum Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 119. 1863.
Sapium mexicanum Hemsl. in Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 2680. 1901.
Guanajuato to Morelos.
Tree, 4.5 to 9 meters high; leaves 7 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 4 em. wide, acute
or obtuse, long-petiolate, obscurely denticulate; seeds nearly 1 em. long. ‘“ Palo
lechon,” “‘ hincha huevos” (Morelos).
The juice causes inflammation if it comes in contact with the skin. The
wood is weak and soft.
5. Sapium pedicellatum Huber, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 6: 352. f. 9. 1906.
Sinaloa to Colima.
Tree of medium size; leaves 5 to 12 cm. long, long-petiolate, acuminate or
short-pointed, serrulate; seeds 5 to 7 mm. long. ‘ Higuerillo bravo” (Colima).
28. STILLINGIA A. Garden in L. Mant. Pl. 19. 1767.
REFERENCE: Pax in Eng!. Pflanzenreich IV. 147°: 180-199. 1912.
Glabrous shrubs; leaves alternate or opposite, petiolate, glandular-serrate;
flowers monoecious, apetalous, spicate, the spikes usually terminal; capsule
3 or 2-lobate.
A few herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
The dried root of S. sylvatica L., a United States species, is official in the
U. S. Pharmacopoeia. The plant is known locally as ‘ queen’s-delight ” and
“yaw-root.” The root is said to contain an alkaloid, stillingine. The fluid
extract is used in large doses as an emetie and cathartie and in smaller ones as
* Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. 17: 259*. 1898.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 653
an alterative. It is employed for syphilitic affections, scrofula, cutaneous
diseases, and chronic hepatic affections.
Hernandez gives two figures’ that appear to represent species of this genus,
both without description. Each is said to bear the name “ amozotl.”
Staminate flowers solitary in the bracts.
EMMITT ALO CU. Le) > MOM Ga = ha a 1. S. acutifolia.
Siammaterealyxcs Oro mM SLOW ess a ee 2. S. macrantha.
Staminate flowers several in each bract.
Weaves/Opposite 2. -+2.2 2. oe 3. S. sanguinolenta.
Leaves alternate.
Leaves linear or lance-linear, less than 8 mm. wide____4. S. bicarpellaris.
Leaves lanceolate or elliptic, 12 to 22 mm. wide__-________ 5. S. zelayensis.
1. Stillingia acutifolia Benth.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 135. 1883.
Sapium acutifoliwm Benth. Pl. Hartw. 90. 1842.
Stillingia propria T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 185. 1915.
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Hacienda de Argueta.
Shrub; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 7 em. long, acuminate, sharply
serrate; capsule 5 mm. long.
2. Stillingia macrantha (Muell. Arg.) Benth.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 3: 135. 1883.
Gymnostillingia macrantha Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 90. 1863.
Based upon a plant said to have been collected in Mexico by Pavon.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 6 to 7 cm. long, cuspidate-acuminate, serrate.
8. Stillingia sanguinolenta Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 88. 1863.
Nuevo Leén, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type from “ Bafios de Atot.”
Shrub, about a meter high or smaller; leaves linear-lanceolate to ovate, 2 to 5
cm. long, serrate.
Very variable in leaf shape. Material from Chiapas is closely related.
4. Stillingia bicarpellaris S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 455. 1886.
Coahuila to Guanajuato and Hidalgo; type from Sierra Jimulco, Coahuila.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves 3 to 7 cm. long, very shortly petiolate,
remotely glandular-denticulate ; capsule about 9 mm. long.
5. Stillingia zelayensis (H. B. K.) Muell. Arg. Linnaea 32: 87. 1863.
Sapium zelayense H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 51. 1817.
Jalisco to San Luis Potosi and Morelos; type from Celaya, Guanajuato.
Shrub, about a meter high; leaves 3.5 to 9.5 cm. long, acuminate to very
obtuse, Sharply serrulate; capsule 10 to 12 mm. long.
77. BUXACEAE. Box Family.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite, persistent, entire; flowers unisexual,
in axillary inflorescences, small and inconspicuous; perianth of 4 or 5 sepals
in the staminate fiowers; petals none; stamens 4 or numerous; ovules solitary
er geminate; fruit a 3-celled capsule.
Stamens: 4, -capsulex3-horned ,abapexs 2." a 2 1. BUXUS.
Stamens numerous; capsule not 3-horned__________________ 2. SIMMONDSIA.
1. BUXUS L. Sp. Pl. 983. 1753.
Shrubs, glabrous or pubescent; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous; flowers
in dense axillary clusters, sessile or short-pedicellate; stamens opposite the
sepals; sepals 6 in the pistillate flowers; seeds 3-angled.
*Thesaurus 349, 458. 1651.
654 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The Old World box, Buxus sempervirens L., which is the best-known
species, is often grown as a hedge plant. The plant is bitter and contains
an alkaloid, buxine. A volatile oil distilled from the wood has been used in
epilepsy, and a decoction of the wood has been employed in the treatment of
rheumatism and secondary syphilis. A tincture of the wood was formerly
employed as an antiperiodic. The leaves have been used in Europe as a sub-
stitute for hops in brewing beer.
Leaves_and branches copiously pubescent_____-__-__-__________- 1. B. pubescens.
Leaves and branches glabrous.
Leaves mostly oblanceolate, 4 to 6 em. long, acute__________ 2. B. lancifolia.
Leaves oval or elliptic, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex.
3. B. mexicana.
1. Buxus pubescens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 481. 1898.
Known only from Maria Madre Island, Tepic.
Shrub or small tree, 4.5 to 8 meters high; leaves rhombic-ovate or oblong-
ovate, 2 to 5 em. long, 1.5 to 8 em. wide, obtuse or acutish, glabrate on the upper
surface; calyx 2 mm. long; ovary glabrous.
2. Buxus lancifolia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 278. 1912.
Known only from the type locality. Rio de las Gallinas, near Rascén, San
Luis Potosi.
Glabrous shrub; leaves subsessile. about 1.5 em. wide, 3-nerved; calyx 2
mm. long; stamens exserted.
8. Buxus mexicana T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 382. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, summit of Cerro de Coatepe, near San
Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla, altitude 2,100 to 2,400 meters.
Glabrous shrub, 1 meter high; leaves short-petiolate, 5 to 12 mm. wide;
sepals 3.5 mm. long, pubescent ; capsule about 8 mm. long.
2. SIMMONDSIA Nutt. Lond. Journ. Bot. 8: 400. 1844.
1. Simmondsia californica Nutt. Lond. Journ. Bot. 8: 401. pl. 16. 1844.
Simmondsia pabulosa Kellogg, Proe. Calif. Acad. 2: 21. 1859.
Sonora and Baja California. Southern California; type from San Diego.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 4.5 meters high, with dichotomous puberulent
branches; leaves oblong to oval, 3 to 6 cm. long, nearly sessile, obtuse or rounded
at apex, pale green, strigillose; flowers dioecious, the staminate in sessile or
pedunculate clusters, the pistillate solitary, on recurved pedicels; sepals 5;
pistillate calyx accrescent in fruit; capsule 3-valvate, about 8 cm. long; seeds
by abortion usually one. “ Jojoba” (Sonora, Baja California).
Known in California as “pignut,” ‘“ goatnut,” ‘“ sheepnut,” ‘ wild hazel,”
and “ quinine plant.” Goats, sheep, and deer are fond of the fruit and leaves.
The seeds have the flavor of chestnuts or hazelnuts, with a slight bitterness.
The Indians ate them either raw or parched, and sometimes used them as a
substitute for coffee. The seeds contain about 48 per cent of oil, which is used
locally as a hair tonic. In southern California and northern Mexico the native
people sometimes make a beverage from the seeds by roasting them and grind-
ing them with the yolk of hard-boiled egg, then boiling the mass in water with
sugar and milk, thus making a well-flavored and nourishing substitute for
chocolate or coffee.
The first reference to the plant is that of Clavigero (Historia de la Cali-
fornia, 1789), whose account is as follows: “The jojoba is one of the most
highly valued fruits of California. The plant which produces it is a shrub
which grows on the dry slopes of the mountains, and its leaves are oblong,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 655
notched, smooth, the size of those of the rese, of a rather grayish green color.
The fruit is an oblong berry, the size of a filbert kernel, dark red outside,
white within, and with an oily and not unpleasant flavor. This fruit has become
noted because of its medicinal virtues, especially as a remedy for retention of
the urine, resulting from phlegmonous concretions, as an aid to parturition,
and as a cure for wounds. The oil obtained from it is an excellent remedy fer
cancer, and since it has a good flavor, some of the people of California use it
in salads like olive oil. This plant does not bear fruit every year, but only
when there has fallen at least a heavy shower in the winter.”
78. CORIARIACEAE. Coriaria Family.
1. CORIARIA L. Sp. Pl. 1037. 1753.
1. Coriaria thymifolia Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 819. 1805.
Coriaria atropurpurea DC. Prodr. 1: 740. 1824.
Coriaria cuneifolia Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 173. 1887.
salisco to San Luis Potosi, Mexico, and Chiapas. Central America and
South America; New Zealand; type from Ecuador.
Slender shrub or small tree, 1 to 4 meters high; leaves opposite, subsessile,
distichous, lance-oblong or oblong-ovate, 1 to 2 em. long, acute or acutish,
puberulent or glabrate; flowers small, perfect, in long slender racemes,
puberulent; sepals 5, imbricate, persistent; petals shorter than the sepals;
stamens 10; fruit of 5 to 8 laterally compressed cocci, purplish. ‘* Tlalocopetate,”
“ tlalocopetlatl ’’* (Nahuatl); “tisis” (Venezuela).
The slender lateral branches with the crowded distichous leaves suggest
a compound leaf. The plant contains a toxic principle, coriamyrtine, which
in animals causes convulsions, increase in the respiratory movement and
heart action, and finally death by asphyxiation and nervous exhaustion. Chil-
dren have been poisoned by eating the fruit, and in Mexico the plant is used
for poisoning dogs and other animals. In Ecuador the fruit is used to make
ink, which has a beautiful violet color; it writes black, but after a few hours
reddens, and the writing is said to be indelible. Other species, notably C.
myrtifolia L. of the Mediterranean region, have similar properties. (.
myrtifolia is rich in tannin and is employed for tanning skins, and the leaves
yield a black dye.
79. ANACARDIACEAE. Cashew Family.
REFERENCE: Engler in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 171-500. 1883.
Trees or shrubs, usually with resinous sap; leaves alternate, estipulate,
simple, trifoliolate, or pinnate; fiowers small, paniculate, perfect, dioecious,
or polygamous; calyx 3 to 5-lobed or parted; petals 3 to 5, rarely none;
stamens as many as the petals or twice as many; fruit superior, usually
drupacous.
Ovary 2 to 5-celled. Leaves pinnate.
Retalsevalvates in souds shrub selanprogs: = 2204 eee 1. SPONDIAS.
Petals imbricate.
Fruit glabrous; embryo curved; leaves nearly glabrous____2. TAPIRIRA.
Fruit pubescent; embryo straight; leaves densely pubescent.
8. CYRTOCARPA.
*The Nahuatl name signifies “ dwarf-ocopetlatl,” ocopetlatl being a kind of
fern.
656 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Ovary 1-celled.
Fruit large, more than 2 em. long; leaves simple.
Receptacle of the fruit enlarged and fleshy ; drupe reniform, compressed.
4. ANACARDIUM.
Receptacle not enlarged; drupe ovoid, not compressed__5. MANGIFERA.
Fruit comparatively small, rarely over 1 cm. long; leaves usually compound,
sometimes simple.
Petal syn one ase 35 wat senyl pon patty Aree oT ten avi fe 6. PISTACIA.
Petals present.
Stamens twice aS many as the petals.
fruit globose; petals deciduougs_____-________________ 7. SCHINUS.
Fruit compressed; petals deciduous____________ 14. PACH YCORMUS.,
Stamens as many as the petals.
Pericarp not separating from the mature fruit.
Calyx in fruit accrescent and winglike__________ 8. ASTRONIUM.
Calyx not .accrescent.
Flowers 3 or 4-parted; leaflets usually dentate or sinuate.
9. COMOCLADIA.
Flowers 5-parted; leaflets entire.
Leaflets long-petiolulate; flowers polygamous.
10. METOPIUM.
Leaflets nearly sessile; flowers dioecious.
11. MOSQUITOXYLUM.
Pericarp separating easily from the fruit when dry.
Fruit strongly compressed, flat, broader than long, glabrous.
12. PSEUDOSMODINGIUM.
Fruit not compressed or only slightly so, usually as long as broad,
pilosevortsometimes jslabrous® 22 2 tats a eee 13. RHUS.
1. SPONDIAS L. Sp. Pl. 371. 1753.
Trees or shrubs; leaves large, pinnate, deciduous, the leaflets unequal at
base; flowers small, pedicellate, paniculate, polygamous; sepals 4 or 5; petals
4 or 5, oblong-ovate, acute, spreading, valvate; stamens 8 or 10; fruit a drupe
with large, usually 5-celled stone.
Leaflets acute to rounded at apex, mostly 2 to 5 cm. long; panicles mostly 2 to 4
@m, Longe seck seis Wan hye 2 et een pian dere: eee en ieee. 1. S. mombin.
Leaflets abruptly obtuse-acuminate, mostly 6 to 10 em. long; panicles usually 15
COS OT em): Hori ees ee eae 2 Ss ete ee ee es 2. S. lutea.
1. Spondias mombin L. Sp. Pl. 371. 1753.
Spondias purpurea L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 618. 1762.
Spondias mexicana 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 403. 1887.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Yucatin and Chiapas. Widely distributed in tropical
America.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with thick branches; bark smooth,
grayish or white; leaflets 5 to 12 pairs, often subsessile, very variable in
shape, pubescent when young but soon glabrate; petals purple, 3 mm. long;
fruit 2 to 8 cm. long, usually purplish. “Ciruela” (the fruit; Spanish word
for “plum”), “ciruelo” (the tree; Guerrero, Jalisco, Yucatin, Central
America, etc.) ; “ chiabal” (Yucatén) ; “ ciruela agria,” “ ciruela roja,” “ ciruela
colorada,” “ ciruela de México,” “ ciruela del pais’ (various localities) ; ‘‘ jobo,”
“hobo,” or “ xobo” (Morelos, Guerrero, Veracruz, Colombia, Santo Domingo,
Porto Rico) ; “ biaxhi” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; “ jocote’’ (Oaxaca, ete., Cen-
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 657
tral America; from the Nahuatl, zocotl*); “abal” (Yucatan, Maya) ; “ atoy-
axotl,”’ ‘ costixocotl,’ ‘ atoyaxocotl” (Nahuatl); ‘“ capuatleacao” (Mexico,
Morelos, Ramirez) ; “ cupu” (Tarascan) ; ‘‘ jocote tronador,” “ sismoyo” (Costa
Rica); “ciruela campechana” (Cuba); “jobillo,” ‘jobo francés” (Porto
Rico) ; ‘ ciruela calentana’”’ (Colombia).
The English name is “hog plum.” The tree is common in many parts of
Mexico and is often planted, especially along fences. According to Merrill, it
was introduced into the Philippines at an early date, and the name used there
by the Tagalogs is ‘“ sirihuelas,” evidently a corruption of ‘‘ ciruela.”
Usually the plant is only a shrub, with few long branches which frequently
spread along the ground, but often it gets to be a small tree. It grows readily
from cuttings. The wood is white or yellowish and when procurable in suffi-
ciently large pieces may be used for interior finish and other purposes; it has
been used in Brazil for paper pulp. _ The fruit varies greatly in size and qual-
ity. The skin is rather thick, usually purplish, but often yellow. The flesh is
acidulous and somewhat resinous. Large quantities of the fruit are eaten in
Mexico, raw or cooked, and it is sometimes dried or made into sweetmeats.
It is used also to make cooling beverages and sometimes for intoxicating
liquors. There is a popular belief in Mexico that if eaten in too great quantity
the fruit causes fevers. Cattle and pigs are very fond of the fruits and fatten
upon them.? The fruit is reputed to have diuretic and antispasmodic prop-
erties.
The tree is treated by most of the early writers upon tropical America.
Oviedo (Lib. VIII, Cap. XXI) treats of it under the names “ xocot,” ‘ ciruelo,”
and “hobo.” “The wine made from the fruit,” he says, “is of fair quality
and keeps a year; to me it appears better than the apple cider of Vizcaya.
* * ¥* They also make very good vinegar of the ciruelas, and a good green
sauce with them and avi.” Spondias purpurea is illustrated by Hernandez,*
but without description, under the name “ mazaxochotli.” It is probably to
this species also that Sahagtin refers, under the names “ macaxocotl” and
“ atoyaxocotl.” The latter, he states, “is a large plum, sweet, and very good
to eat, either raw or cooked. They make from it a drink wore intoxicating
than pulque.”
2. Spondias lutea L. Sp. ed. 2. 613. 1762.
Veracruz, Tabasco, Yucatin, Oaxaca, and perhaps elsewhere. Widely dis-
tributed in the Tropics of both hemispheres.
Tree, often 10 to 15 meters high, with broad crown; leaflets, 5 to 9 pairs,
conspicuously petiolulate, oblong or ovate-oblong, glabrous or nearly so;
flowers, fragrant, white; petals, 3 mm. long; fruit, ovoid, yellow, 3 to 4 cm.
long. ‘“ Jobo,” ‘“ hobo,” ‘ jovo” (Veracruz, ete., Central America, Cuba, Vene-
zuela); ‘‘abal,” ‘ xkinin-hobé,” ‘“mompin” (Yucatin); “ciruela” (Yuca-
tan, Nicaragua); ‘ciruela amarilla” (Veracruz, Oaxaca); ‘“ chupandilla”’
(Oaxaca, Reko); “pompoqua,” “popoaqua” (Michoacin, Tarascan, Leén) ;
“ eozticxocotl,” “ coztilxocotl” (Nahuatl); “jobo espino,”’ ‘“ jobo rofioso”
*The name indicates an acidulous fruit, and was applied generally to plum-
like fruits, in contradistinction to zapotl, or “ sweet-fruit.”
*For an account of the horticultural aspects of the genus Spondias see
Popenoe in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3216-3217, 1917. For an account of the
production of lac on Spondias see p. 641 of the present work, under Jatropha
curcas.
> Thesaurus 384. 1651.
7808—23——_10
658 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
(Tabasco, Rovirosa) ; “‘ ciruelo obo,” ‘‘ obo de zopilote”’ (Oaxaca, Reko) ; ‘“ jobo
hembra,” “jobo negro,” “ jobito,” “ciruela agria,’ “ciruela loca” (Cuba) ;
““jocote de jobo” (Nicaragua) ; “palo de mulato”’ (Guatemala).
This species is rather rare in Mexico but it is sometimes found in cultiva-
tion; it may be that itis notnativethere. Spondias lutea is similar to S.mombin
in its properties, but the fruit, although larger, is of inferior quality. The
wood is described as soft but strong, grayish yellow, with a specific gravity
of about 0.508. This species has doubtless been confused in Mexico with
S. mombin. In the latter the fruit is either purple or yellow, while in S. lutea
it is always yellow.
Spondias lutea is treated at length by Oviedo (Lib. VIIII, Cap. II) under the
name “hobo” (a word of Carib origin). “The young shoots of this tree,’ he
states, ‘‘are good for Shaving the face, and for bathing the limbs, and they are
of exquisite odor. The bark of the hobo tree, boiled and used to bathe the
limbs, is astringent and relieves exhaustion due to traveling, and it is a
healthful bath. And when in the country men seek a sleeping place they try
to have it beneath this tree, for its shade keeps off the dew and never causes
headache as many other trees do. * * * There may be mentioned another
property of this tree which can be tested any day that one wishes or that
necessity compels. When in traveling water can not be found and men are
suffering from thirst, if trees of this sort are at hand they dig out the roots,
and cutting a piece put one end in the mouth and raise the other, whereupon
there comes forth enough water to satisfy any thirsty man. * * * This
have I tried, as well as many others overcome by thirst, and it was learned
from the Indians.”
2. TAPIRIRA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 470. 1775.
1. Tapirira mexicana Marchand, Rév. Anacard. 162. 1869.
Veracruz.
Large tree; leaves pinnate, glabrous, the leaflets 5 to 9, oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, 6 to 10 cm, long, obtuse or acute; flowers small, paniculate, poly-
gamo-dioecious; branches of the inflorescence appressed-pubescent; sepals 53;
petals 5, 2.5 mm. long, ovate; stamens 10; fruit an ovoid drupe, about 1.7 cm.
long.
8. CYRTOCARPA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 19. 1825.
Trees; leaves pinnate, deciduous, the leaflets entire, densely pubescent
beneath ; flowers small, in axillary panicles, polygamous; sepals 5, ovate, imbri-
cate; petals 5, oval, spreading; stamens 10; fruit a large drupe, the stone 1 or
2-celled.
Leaflets about 17, oblong or lance-oblong, mostly 4 to 7 em. long__1. C. procera.
Leaflets usually 7 to 11, mostly oval, 1 to 3 em. long__----------_-_ 2. C. edulis,
1. Cyrtocarpa procera H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 20. pl. 609. 1825.
Dasycarya mexicana Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhayn Vid. Medd. 1853: 98. 1854
Tapirira purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 382. 1909.
Jalisco to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Mexeala, Guerrero.
Tree, 6 meters high or larger, densely pubescent throughout ; leaflets opposite
or the upper ones alternate, obtuse or acutish, the rachis often narrowly
winged; panicles about 6 cm. long; petals white, 3 mm. long; fruit pubescent,
about 2 cm. long. ‘ Copaljocote,” ‘“ copalecocote’’ (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Jalisco,
Morelos; from the Nahuatl copalxocotl) ; “ copal” (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Ramf-
rez); “copalhi” (Ramirez); “maxocote” (Oaxaca, Villada); ‘“ popoaqua”
(Tarasean) ; ‘ chupandia ” (Conzatti).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 659
The wood is said to be soft and purplish, with a strong odor, and to be
used for making trays, small images, and other articles. Goats are fond of
the leaves. The fruit, which is much eaten, is yellow and the flesh resinous,
with acid flavor. The fruits are said to be known at Jojutla (Morelos) as
“berracos” and “chupandias.” The large seeds are eaten by pigs, and they
have been used locally (taken internally) as a remedy for leprosy. The bark
is employed as a substitute for soap. ;
The tree is figured by Hernindez’* and described in a chapter entitled
“De Copalxochotl, seu arbore Gummosa pruniformi,.” He gives the Tarascan
name as “pompoqua,” and reports that the plant was used in Michoacin for
fevers, diarrhea, and dysentery.
2. Cyrtocarpa edulis (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Tapirira edulis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 78. 1900.
Southern Baja California.
Tree, 7 to 9 meters high, with a trunk 15 to 30 em. in diameter; leaflets
rounded or very obtuse at apex, opposite, subsessile, the rachis terete; flowers
white; fruit 1.5 to 2 em. long, yellow, velvety-pubescent. ‘“‘ Ciruela.”
The fruit has an acid flavor; on some trees it is pleasant to the taste but on
others bitter (perhaps because immature). It is much eaten by the people of
Baja California, and the stones are eaten by various animals. This is prob-
bly the “ ciruelo” described by Clavigero (Historia de la California). For an
illustration of the tree see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 119.
4. ANACARDIUM L. Sp. Pl. 383. 1753.
1. Anacardium occidentale L. Sp. Pl. 383. 1753.
Yucatan, Campeche, Chiapas, and Oaxaca. Central America, West Indies,
and South America; naturalized in the tropics of the Old World.
Shrub or tree, 2.5 to 10 meters high; leaves obovate, petiolate, 9 to 15 em.
long, rounded at apex, glabrous; flowers polygamo-dioecious, in large terminal
panicles; calyx 5-parted; petals 5, linear-lanceolate, 7 to 8 mm. long, puberu-
lent outside; fruit reniform, 2 to 2.5 em. long, borne on a large, thickened
fleshy hypocarp. ‘“‘ Marafidn” (Yucatan, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Cuba, El Salvador,
Panama, Costa Rico, Peru); ‘jocote marafén” (Guatemala); ‘“ pajuil,”
“acaju”’ (Porto Rico); ‘ caujil” (Venezuela); ‘‘merey” (Colombia, Vene-
zuela) ; “‘casoy’”’ (Philippines) ; ‘‘ cacahuil,” ‘“ cajuil” (Santo Domingo).
Specimens obtained at Acapulco by Palmer were taken from a cultivated
tree said to have been brought from Panama, and the plant is probably not
native so far north. The English name for the tree is “ cashew” or “ cashew-
nut,” and the French name is “acajou,” although the latter belongs more
properly to the mahogany.
The wood is close-grained, strong, and durable, the specific gravity being
reported as 0.488. The flowers are green tinged with yellow or purple; they
are sweet-scented and much frequented by bees. From the trunk there exudes
a gum somewhat like gum arabic. This can be used for varnish, and in South
America it is used for bookbinding in order to prevent the attacks of insects.
‘The most important products of the tree are the fruit and receptacles, both
of which are edible. The receptacle is pear-shaped, very fleshy, and yellow or
reddish; it is astringent when green, but when ripe has a pleasantly acid
flavor. In Mexico sweetmeats are sometimes made from the receptaeles, and
in some parts of tropical America a kind of wine is made from them, and this
after fermentation is distilled to obtain brandy.
*Thesaurus 82. 1651.
660 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The pericarp of the fruit proper contains an oil, eardol, which is acrid and
caustic. This is driven off by heat, but the fumes which rise when the nuts are
heated should not be allowed to reach the face or eyes. The roasted kernels
are edible and have a pleasant milky flavor. The oil obtained from the nuts is
applied in India to the floors and rafters of houses to preserve them from
insects, but its use is dangerous. The ground kernels are sometimes used to
flavor wine, and they are mixed with chocolate.
A decoction of the bark has been employed as a remedy for diarrhea, for
syphilitic swellings of the joints, and for diabetes. The oil from the pericarp
is sometimes used for ulcers, persistent skin diseases, and leprosy, and as an
application to remove warts and freckles, but because of its caustic properties
it must be employed with great caution.’
5. MANGIFERA L. Sp. Pl. 200. 1753.
1. Mangifera indica L. Sp. Pl. 200. 1753.
Widely cultivated in the warmer portions of Mexico and sometimes growing
without cultivation. Native of Asia; cultivated in all tropical countries.
Tree, 10 to 15 meters high, with dense spreading crown; leaves petiolate,
oblong-lanceolate, usually narrowly so, 10 to 20 cm. long, acute or cuspidate-
acuminate, subcoriaceous, glabrous; flowers polygamous, whitish green, in large
terminal panicles; sepals 5, 2.5 mm. long; petals 5, 5 mm. long; fertile stamens
1 or 2, but 3 or 4 staminodia present; fruit a drupe, 3 to 4 cm. long or much
larger. Generally known in Spanish-speaking countries as ‘* mango,” which
is the English name also.
The mango is one of the finest and most widely known of tropical fruits.
It is said to have been introduced into Mexico at the beginning of the 19th
century by Don Juan Antonio Gomez, a Spaniard living at Cérdoba.? It has
been introduced into Florida and California in comparatively recent years. The
mango makes a fine shade tree. The leaves are evergreen and when crushed
they emit an ordor of turpentine. Those of young branches are usually tinged
with red or purple. The trees are most commonly grown from seeds, but the
better varieties are propagated by budding or grafting.
The fruit is borne in the greatest profusion. Like most cultivated fruits, it
varies greatly in size and quality. Some fruits weigh as much as 4 or 5 pounds,
while others are no larger than plums. The shape varies from round to long
and slender. Theskin is smooth, usually yellow or greenish but often tinged with
red. The flesh is juicy and often has a delightful fragrance. In some varieties
it has a strong flavor of turpentine, but in the better forms this is wholly lack-
ing. The large seed is covered with long, tough fibers which extend into the
flesh, but in the best varieties there is no fiber. The mango is most commonly
used as a dessert fruit, but it is often cooked or made into preserves, and vari-
ous beverages are made from it. The unripe fruit is often pickled in India and
used in various sauces and condiments. Alcoholic liquors are sometimes pre-
pared from the ripe fruit.*
The wood is soft, brownish gray, with small spots and irregular lines of
brown; its specific gravity is reported as 0.864. The seeds are said to possess
anthelmintic and astringent properties. The bark also is astringent and is
used locally for cutaneous diseases, chronic diarrhea, and fevers, while the gum
*See Mariano Barcena, El marafién: Sus caracteres y propiedades, su aclima-
taci6n en Jalisco, Naturaleza 1: 335.
? See Alcocer, Anal, Mus. Nac. Méx, II. 2: 481. 1905.
*¥or a full account of the mango, its culture, ete., see Popenoe in Bailey.
Stand. Cycl., Hort. 1984-1989, 1916.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 661
which exudes from the trunk is employed for the same purposes. The leaves
and petioles are sometimes employed as brushes to cleanse the teeth and harden
the gums, and even as a remedy for toothache. They are also used as a domes-
tic remedy for affections of the chest and liver. For an illustration of the
tree see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9: pl. 28.
6. PISTACIA L. Sp. Pl. 1025. 1753.
Pistacia vera L., of the Mediterranean region and western Asia, furnishes
the pistachio nuts of commerce, and is extensively cultivated for that purpose.
Pistachio nuts are the seeds or kernels of a dry drupe; they are green and have
a peculiar flavor. P. lentiscus L., also of the Mediterranean region, yields mastic
or mastiche, an official drug, which is a resinous exudate from the branches. It
was formerly used for debility of the stomach and chronic diarrhea, but is now
seldom given internally. The gum is employed to fill cavities in the teeth and
is chewed to sweeten the breath, and varnish is prepared from it. The seeds
yield an oil, and the leaves are used for tanning. P. terebinthus L. is the
Cyprus turpentine tree.
1. Pistacia mexicana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 22. pl. 608. 1825.
Coahuila and Tamaulipas to Guerrero and Chiapas; type from Chilpancingo,
Guerrero. Western Texas; Guatemala.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 6 meters high; leaves pinnate; leaflets 11 to 29,
mostly alternate, oblique-oblong, 1 to 2 cm. long, acute or obtuse, nearly glab-
rous; flowers small, dioecious, the pistillate ones in panicles 5 to 10 em. long;
stamens usually 5; fruit a nearly dry drupe, oblique, slightly compressed, 3
to 4 mm. long, purplish, glaucous. “ Ram6én” (Oaxaca); “lentiseco” (Nuevo
Leén, Oaxaca; sometimes corrupted into “lantrisco”) ; “ yaga-guieguei’”’ (Oax-
aca, Zapotec, Reko); “almaciga’” (the resin; Oaxaca).
A resin exudes from the branches. The seeds are edible. ‘he specimens
from northeastern Mexico have comparatively few leaflets, but some specimens
from southern Mexico also have fewer than the typical form. ‘The form
occurring in Texas and northeastern Mexico has been described recently as a
new species, Pistacia texrana Swingle,? but it does not appear to the writer to
deserve specific rank, since it is impossible to find any definite character by
which it can be separated from typical P. mezicana.
7%. SCHINUS L. Sp. Pl. 388. 1753.
1. Schinus molle L. Sp. Pl. 388. 1753.
Widely cultivated in Mexico and often growing without cultivation. Native
of Peru and occurring elsewhere in South America.
Tree, often 15 meters high or larger, with spreading crown and graceful
drooping branches; leaves pinnate, the rachis marginate; leaflets 15 to 27,
sessile, linear-lanceolate, acute, entire or nearly so; flowers small, yellowish
white, in large panicles; petals 5, oblong; stamens 10; fruit drupaceous,
globose, 5 mm. in diameter, rose-red. “Arbol del Per&,” “ Peré,” “ Pirul,”
“molle,” “ pimienta de América” (various parts of Mexico) ; “ pelonquahuitl,”
“copalastle” (fruit), ‘ copalquahuitl” (Nahuatl); “ttzacthunni,” “ ttzac-
thimi,” “xaza” (Otomf, Buelna) ; “ pimiento,” “ muelle” (Colombia) ; “ pimi-
ento de California” (Costa Rica) ; ‘ pimentero” (Chile).
The pepper-tree (sometimes known also as “ California pepper-tree’”’) is
very commonly planted as a shade tree in some parts of Mexico, especially in
the Valley of Mexico, and is grown abundantly in southern California. The
* Journ. Arn. Arb, 2: 107. 1920.
662 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
tree ascends in the Andes to an altitude of 3,600 to 3,900 meters, but often
occurs at much lower altitudes. It thrives in dry, sandy soil and can endure
extended drought. The pepper-tree is said to have been introduced into Mexico
by Don Antonio de Mendoza, the first viceroy, who sent the seeds from Peru.
The specific name, molle, is the name by which the tree is known in western
South America, and is derived from mulli, the old Peruvian name.
Schinus molle is an excellent shade tree and a handsome one, remaining
green throughout the year. The only objection to it is the fact that it harbors
the black seale, which is a serious pest of citrus fruits. The wood is useful
for various purposes and the bark for tanning skins. When fragments of
the leaves are placed in water they execute quick jerking movements, due to
the sudden discharge of the oil which they contain. The fruit contains a
volatile oil, and has a flavor resembling that of a mixture of fennel and pepper.
The seeds are sometimes used to adulterate pepper. In Mexico the fruit is
ground and mixed with atole or other substances to form beverages. An
intoxicating liquor, known as ‘“copalocle” or “ copalote” is obtained by fer-
menting the fruit with pulque for one or two days.
The pepper-tree is much used in local medicine. The powdered bark or its
decoction is used as a remedy for swollen feet and as a purgative in domestic
animals; it is reported to have astringent and balsamic properties. The gum
which exudes from the trunk is bluish white, acrid, and bitter, and burns
with a pleasant odor. It is often chewed as a chewing gum, and is said to
have purgative and vulnerary properties. It is applied in Mexico in the form
of an emulsion to the eyes to hinder the development of cataracts, and is
used for genito-urinary and venereal diseases. The leaves are chewed to
harden the gums and to heal ulcers of the mouth. The fruit has been used by
Huropean physicians as a substitute for cubeb in the treatment of gonorrhoea,
and a syrup prepared with it is used in Mexico for bronchitis.1 The tree is
figured and described by Hernandez.”
8. ASTRONIUM Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 10. 1760.
1. Astronium conzattii Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 59. 1918.
Astronium zongolica Reko, El México Antiguo 1: 157. 1918.
Known only from the type locality, Cafetal Concordia, Pochutla, Oaxaca,
altitude G00 meters.
Leaves alternate, pinnate; leaflets 9 or 11, ovate, 3.5 to 5.3 cm. long, 1.5 to
2. cm. wide, acuminate, obscurely serrulate, pilosulous beneath; flowers
dioecious, paniculate, the panicles glabrous, 1 cm. long; sepals 5; petals 5, yel-
low, 2.5 mm. long. ‘ Zongolica,” ‘“ sangolica”’; “‘ yaga-biche”’ (Zapotec).
9. COMOCLADIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 861. 1756.
Trees or shrubs; leaves pinnate, the leaflets entire or irregularly dentate;
flowers small, perfect or polygamous, in large axillary panicles; calyx usually
3 or 4-parted; petals 3 or 4, deltoid-ovate, imbricate, spreading ; stamens 3 or 4;
fruit drupaceous, the endocarp membranaceous.
The juice of all the species is extremely poisonous, causing swelling of the
parts affected and blisters upon the skin. That of some species has been used
in the West Indies to cure ringworm and destroy warts, but its use is danger-
ous. The species of Santo Domingo and their properties are described by
Oviedo (Lib. IX, Cap. XX XIII), under the name “ guao.” ‘“ The Indian women
*See M. G. Jiménez, El Arbol del Perf, Naturaleza 2: 217.
* Thesaurus 54—55. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 663
of Hispaniola,” he states, ““some of them who are willing to endure suffering
to improve their appearance, since they are envious of the white women of
Spain, take the roots of the guao and roast them carefully; and after they are
well cooked and soft they rub them between their hands into a sort of paste;
with this they anoint the face and neck and whatever part of the body they
wish to whiten, and over this they place other ointments of herbs and comfort-
ing juices, in order that the guao may not cook them alive, or that they may
endure it; at the end of nine days they take off all this coating and wash, and
they are now as changed and white as if they were born in Castile.”
Comocladia acuminata DC.*7 was assigned erroneously to Mexico by De
Candolle and Hemsley. It is a Porto Rican plant.
Leaflets glabrous beneath or sparsely pubescent.
Leaflets broadly rounded or truneate at base________________ 1. C. palmeri.
Leaflets, at least the upper ones, cuneate at base____________ 2. C. repanda.
Leaflets densely pilose beneath.
Lateral nerves of the leaflet 6 to 8 pairs________.__________ 3. C. mollissima.
THM TerAeNe EVES U2 FOr PalrSa: ste 2 ie ee as 4, C. engleriana.
1. Comocladia palmeri Rose, sp. nov.
Colima and Guerrero; type from Acapulco (Palmer 450; U. S. Nat. Herb.,
no. 266344).
Leaflets 9 to 18, oblong-oval, 5 to 9 cm. long, glabrous above, glabrous or
sparsely pubescent beneath, shallowly sinuate-dentate, with 7 to 12 pairs of
lateral nerves; panicles 14 to 30 em. long, hirtellous or glabrate.
2. Comocladia repanda Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 58. 1918.
Oaxaca; type from Cafetal Concordia, Pochutla, altitude 600 meters.
Leaflets usually 9, cuneate-obovate, elliptic, or elliptic-oblong, 5 to 11 cm.
long, obscurely sinuate or repand-dentate, soon glabrous on both surfaces;
panicles about 30 cm. long; flowers 4-parted; petals 1.5 mm. long. ‘“ Tetlate,”
* tatatil,” “tatatian” (from the Nahuatl, tle-tlati, “burning fire”); ‘ hincha
huevos.”
8. Comocladia mollissima H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 17. pl. 607. 1825.
Guerrero to Chiapas; type collected between Acapulco and Venta del Exido.
Tree, about 4 meters high; leaflets 9 to 17, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, 1 to 1.5 em.
wide, obtusely dentate; panicles 10 to 25 cm. long, densely pubescent; flowers
4-parted.
4. Comocladia engleriana Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 615. 1895.
Sinaloa to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Morelos.
Leaflets 13 to 21, elliptic to broadly oval-oblong, 5 to 13 cm. long, sinuate or
remotely repand-dentate; panicles 7 to 35 em. long, densely pubescent; flowers
4-parted; petals 1.5 mm. long. ‘“ Teclatilla” (Morelos, Seler); ‘“ hincha-
huevos” (Sinaloa). }
It is probable that this is only a form of C. mollissima. The specimens of
Comocladia at hand are mostly imperfect and quite inadequate for a thorough
investigation of the relationships of the species. C. englerinana integra Loes.,
described from Guatemala, is known by the vernacular names “ chinil-té” and
“pata de pava,” according to Seler. It is said to have handsome red wood.
It is presumably one of the species of Comocladia which is described by
Hernandez’ in his chapter entitled “ De Tetlatia, seu urenti arbore.”
*Prodr. 2: 65. 1825.
* Thesaurus 98. 1651.
664 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
10. METOPIUM P. Br. Civ. Nat. Hist. Jam. 177. 1756.
1. Metopium brownei (Jacq.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 402. 1908.
Rhus metopium L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 964. 1759.
Terebinthus brownei Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 18. 1760.
Veracruz and Yucatin. Greater Antilles.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 15 meters high, the bark thin, reddish brown;
leaflets 3 to 7, long-petiolulate, suborbicular or obovate, 3 to 8 cm. long, usually
rounded at apex, glabrous; flowers small, in large axillary panicles; sepals 5;
petals 5, yellowish green; stamens 5; fruit a drupe, orange-yellow, about 1 cm.
long; wood weak, dark brown, its specific gravity about 0.80. ‘ Cochinilla ”
(Santo Domingo).
The tree is very poisonous, resembling Rhus radicans in its effects.
11. MOSQUITOXYLUM Krug & Urb. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 78. 1895.
1. Mosquitoxylum jamaicense Krug & Urb. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 1: 78.
1895.
Chiapas. Panama; Jamaica (type locality).
Tree; leaves alternate, persistent, pinnate; leaflets 11 to 17, petiolulate,
obovate-elliptic or obovate-oblong, 5 to 7.5 em. long, entire, rounded or obtuse
at apex, minutely appressed-pilose beneath or glabrate; flowers dioecious, 5-
parted, in large panicles; fruit drupelike, somewhat compressed, about 8 mm.
long.
The fruit is described by Urban as capsular, but its dehiscence is not ap-
parent in any of the several specimens seen by the writer. In Jamaica the
wood, known as “ mosquito-wood,” is valued for building purposes.
12. PSEUDOSMODINGIUM Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 1: 419. 1881.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves pinnate, the leaflets entire or toothed; flowers
small, paniculate or subracemose, dioecious; calyx 5-lobed; petals 5, oblong-
ovate, imbricate; stamens 5; fruit a drupe, sessile, compressed, subdidymous
or reniform, glabrous.
Leaflets suborbicular to rounded-ovate or obovate, 1.5 to 4.5 cm. wide.
Leaflets: Sessile sakes So Pe ES ee Pca sted ein 2 a Fa 1. P. virletii.
Leaflets on petiolules 1 to 2.5 em. long------__---____---~- 2. P. perniciosum.
Leaflets lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 3 to 10 mm. wide.
ILealletsya bout (pats 2 oe ee 8. P. andrieuxii.
a Cees 42) oer ol LOS) oem LS) OY: bb fs eee ee en a ee eee 4. P. multifolium.
1. Pseudosmodingium virletii (Baill.) Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 1: 419. 1881.
Simodingium virletii Baill. Adansonia 11: 182. 1874.
Known only from the type locality, in the State of San Luis Potosf.
Leaflets 6 pairs, rhombic-obovate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, rounded at apex; panicles
nearly equaling the leaves; calyx glabrous.
2. Pseudosmodingium perniciosum (H. B. K.) Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 1:
420. 1881.
Rhus perniciosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 10. 1825.
Rhus pterocarpus Sessé & Moc. Pl. Noy. Hisp. 47. 1887.
Michoacfin and Guerrero; reported from Morelos and Querétaro; type from
Santa Teresa and Tepecoacuilco, Guerrero.
Small tree, glabrous throughout; leaflets 9 to 11, 3 to 5.5 cm. long, rounded
to abruptly acuminate at apex, pale green; panicles equaling or shorter than
the leaves; petals 1.5 mm. long; fruit lustrous, about 8 mm. long and 10 mm.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 665
broad. ‘“‘Cuajiote’”’ (Michoacin, Morelos) ; “ copaljiote” (Michoacin, More-
los) ; ‘‘ cuajiote blanco” (Morelos, Querétaro) ; “ xiote” (Sessé € Mocifo).
The plant is very poisonous, acting much like Rhus radicans. The gum which
exudes from the trunk is said to have purgative properties, and it is also
rubbed upon the skin to reduce the pain of scorpion stings. An excellent
figure of the plant, but without description, is given by Hernfindez,’ under the
name “ quauxiotl.”
3. Pseudosmodingium andrieuxii (Baill.) Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 1: 419.
1881.
Smodingium andrieurti Baill. Adansonia 11: 182. 1874.
Described from southern Mexico, the locality not known.
Leaflets elongate-lanceolate, sessile, 3 to 3.5 em. long, sharply serrate,
glabrous; panicles half as long as the leaves; pedicels 6 to 7 mm. long; fruit
6 mm. long, 10 mm. wide.
4. Pseudosmodingium multifolium Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 148. f. 6.
1897.
Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from the city of Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree, 2.5 to 6 meters high, glabrous; leaflets lanceolate, ses-
sile, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, serrate to entire; panicles equaling or shorter than the
leaves; fruit about 8 mm. long and 10 mm. broad. ‘“ Yaga-lache” (Oaxaca,
Zapotec, Reko).
j 13. RHUS L. Sp. Pl. 265. 1753.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, simple, trifoliolate, or pinnate, the leaflets
entire, toothed, or lobed; flowers small, polygamous, in large or small, axillary
and terminal panicles; sepals 5, imbricate; petals 5, imbricate; stamens 5;
fruit a drupe, glabrous or pubescent.
The genus is divided by some authors into several genera. Rhus coriaria
L., of the Mediterranean region, is much used for tanning and dyeing. R.
vernicifera DC. and R. succedanea L., of eastern Asia, exude from their stems
a substance known as lac, which furnishes the most durable varnish known.
Rhus copallina L., a species of the eastern United States, has been reported
erroneously from Mexico.
Leaves simple.
FOTW Pere) 1) 0) OAD Stee hk Bp a LE Se ae eet 1. R. laurina.
Fruit pubescent.
Weaves: with srounded: lODeSS=- 9) = = se ee eee 12. R. trilobata.
Leaves entire or with acute teeth. -
Leaves pilose beneath with short spreading hairs____--__ 2. R. mollis.
Leaves glabrous beneath, or the pubescence of appressed hairs.
heaves; 2acute;ovate; glabrouss222_ bs ae es 3. R. ovata.
Leaves obtuse or rounded at apex, not ovate.
Leaves mostly about as broad as long, densely covered beneath with
minute white appressed hairs________--___________ 4. R. lentii.
Leaves much longer than broad, glabrous beneath or with sparse
appressed: hairsa-2 0 fe sae Se bee 5. R. integrifolia.
Leaves compound.
Fruit glabrous.
eafletsyusuallyae lt) On os se ee Se 6. R. juglandifolia.
Leaflets 3.
meanetsventinevoniGentates == ee 7. BR. radicans.
MAGES CET) vets ONC Oe aie eae ee ele aoe eee 8. BR. eximia.
*Thesaurus 406. 1651.
666 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Fruit pilose.
Beahlersismallto.to 10mm! longest sents sleet ee ee 9. R. microphylla.
Leaflets large, most of them more than 20 mm. long.
Bracts of the inflorescence lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate.
Leaflets pinnately lobed, densely tomentose beneath.
10. R. potentillaefolia.
Leaflets serrate, glabrous or nearly so beneath____--___ 11. R. glabra.
Bracts orbicular or broadly ovate.
Leaves deciduous; leaflets always 8________________ 12. R. trilobata.
Leaves persistent; leaflets 5 or more in all or most of the leaves.
Leafiets thick-coriaceous, very lustrous on the upper surface.
Leaflets 5 or 7, rarely 9.
Leaflets acute or acuminate.
Wateralsieailers:2 tovonemM Ona ee ae 13. R. andrieuzii.
Lateral leafiets 4 to 10 cm. long.
Leailets copiously hirtellous beneath______ 14. R. oaxacana.
Leaflets sparsely puberulent or glabrous beneath.
15. R. ciliolata.
Leaflets rounded to obtuse at apex, very rarely acute.
16. R. virens.
Leaflets 9 or more in all or most of the leaves.
Margins of the leaflets strongly revolute__17. P. pachyrrhachis.
Margins of the leaflets not revolute or scarcely so.
18. R. schiedeana.
Leaflets comparatively thin, dull on the upper surface or scarcely
lustrous.
Laterals leaflets short-petiolulate or nearly sessile.
19. R. terebinthifolia.
Lateral leaflets long-petiolulate.
Leaflets usually 11 to 15, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long__20. R. jaliscana.
eatlEtS) (OLLOs oO ELON (Nelo LOT ees eee ee 21. R. barclayi.
1. Rhus laurina Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 219. 18388.
Lithraea laurina Walp. Repert. Bot. 1: 551. 1842.
Baja California. Southern California; type from Santa Barbara.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 4.5 meters high, with a broad top, glabrous
throughout; leaves evergreen, long-petiolate, oblong or lanceolate, 7 to 12 em.
long, mucronate, rounded or cordate at base, pale beneath; flowers white or
yellowish, in large terminal panicles; fruit 3 to 4 mm. long, whitish.
The plant has the cdor of bitter almonds. The seeds yield a pungent oil.
2. Bhus mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 10. pl. 602. 1825.
Querétaro, Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Querétaro.
Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaves nearly sessile, thick-
coriaceous, broadly ovate or oval, 3 to 7 cm. long, rounded at apex, usually
cordate at base, densely velutinous on the upper surface; inflorescence short
and dense; petals 4 mm. long; fruit 7 to 8 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Zumaque”
(Oaxaca, Quarétaro, Hidalgo) ; ‘“‘ tnu-ndé,” “ yucu-caya” “ sumaco,” ‘ sumaco
cimarr6én ” (Oaxaca, Seler).
3. Rhus ovata 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 358. 1885.
Neostyphonia ovata Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 403. 1910.
Northern Baja California. California and southern Arizona.
Shrub; leaves petiolate, thick-coriaceous, broadly ovate, 5 to 8 em. long,
lustrous, entire; inflorescence short and dense, puberulent; flowers pink or
white; fruit about 8 mm. in diameter.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 667
The fruit is covered by a sweet waxy exudate which was used by some of
the Indians as a substitute for sugar. The flowers are said to yield a good
quality of honey. The flower clusters were boiled and eaten by the Coahuilla
Indians of California, and a decoction of the leaves was employed as a remedy
for coughs and for pains in the chest.
4. Rhus lentii Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 16. 1863.
Coast of Baja California, and on the adjacent islands; type from Cedros
Island.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2 meters high; leaves thick-coriaceous, short-petiolate, orbicular
or rounded-ovate, 2 to 5 em. long, pale on both surfaces, rounded or subecordate
at base; inflorescence rather lax, finely puberulent; flowers white or crimson;
fruit about 1 cm. in diameter, appearing as if covered with icing.
5. Rhus integrifolia (Nutt.) Benth. & Hook.; S. Wats. in Wheeler, Rep. U. S.
Surv. 100th Merid. 6: 84. 1878. ‘
Styphonia integrifolia Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 220. 18388.
Rhus hindsiana Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 388. 1883.
Neostyphonia integrifolia Shafer in Britton, N. Amer. Trees 612. 1908.
Baja California. Southern California; type from San Diego.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk a meter in diameter,
but usually much smaller; leaves coriaceous, short-petiolate, oval, 5 to 8 em.
long, obtuse or rounded at base, entire or spinose-dentate; inflorescence short
and dense; flowers pink; fruit 1 to 1.5 em. long, covered with short red hairs;
wood hard, bright red, its specific gravity about 0.78.
Sometimes known in California as ‘ lemonade-berry,” the fruit being used
in the preparation of a cooling drink. The shrub forms dense thickets along
coastal cliffs, but it grows inland also. The wood is used for fuel. The fruit
is covered with an icy-appearing white substance, and has a pleasant flavor.
6. Rhus juglandifolia Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 6: 649. 1820.
Rhus lindeniana Turez. Bull. Soe. Nat. Moscou 317: 468. 1858.
Rhus juglandifolia lindeniana Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 401. 1888.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central America to Venezuela and Peru;
type from Colombia. i
Tree or large shrub; leaflets 11 to 15, oblong or narrowly oblong, 7 to 15
em. long, acute or cuspidate-acuminate, thin, pubescent or glabrous beneath;
panicles 15 to 30 em. long; petals 2 to 3 mm. long, white; fruit about 8 mm.
in diameter. ‘“‘ Yagalache”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec) ; ‘‘ hinchador” (Costa Rica) ;
“birringo,”’ “Pedro Hernindez,” “ fresno,’ “ alicito,” ‘‘manzanillo,” ‘“ caspi”
(Colombia).
Painful swelling and blistering of the skin is caused by contact with the
plant. In Colombia the remedy employed for this is yuca starch, applied as a
poultice to the parts affected. This is presumably the species reported by
Sessé and Mocifio* as R. succedanea.
7. Bhus radicans L. Sp. Pl. 266. 1753 .
Rhus toxicodendron L. Sp. Pl. 266. 1753.
Toxicodendron vulgare Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Toxicodendron no. 1. 1768.
Rhus tridentata Sessé & Moc. Pl. Noy. Hisp. 47. 1887.
Toxicodendron radicans Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 153. 1891.
Toxicodendron divaricatum Greene, Leaflets 1: 122. 1905.
Baja California to Nuevo Leén, Veracruz, Yucatin, and Oaxaca. United
States and Canada; eastern Asia.
1 Pl, Noy. Hisp. 47. 1887.
668 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Low shrub or often a large woody vine, the stems clinging to trees by
aerial roots; leaves deciduous, the 3 leaflets ovate or rhombic, 5 to 12 em.
long, acute or acuminate, entire or irregularly dentate, pubescent or nearly
glabrous; flowers green, in loose axillary panicles; fruit globose, 3 to 5 mm.
in diameter. “Chechen” (Yucatin, Urbina); “hiedra ” (Sinaloa, Nuevo-
Leén, Tamaulipas, Durango); “mala mujer” (Veracruz, Jalisco, San Luis
Potosi); ‘“mexye” (Otomfi, Buelna); “ guardalagua” (Jalisco); “ hincha-
huevos” (Veracruz) ; “ bemberecua ” (Michoacin, Tarascan) ; “ guau” (Ramt-
rez); “hiedra mala” (Michoacin). The English name is “ poison ivy.”
The species is a variable one, as might be expected from its wide range, and
many segregates have been described, but it is impossible to determine their
value until the group has been studied more critically than has been attempted
heretofore. Both the dwarf and the scandent forms occur in Mexico.
Poison ivy and its effects are well known throughout the range of the
plant. All parts contain a nonvolatile oil, toxicodendrol, which is the active
principle. Contact with the plant, or even one’s presence in its vicinity if it
is covered with dew, produces painful swelling of the parts affected and an
eruption of the skin. Some persons are very susceptible to the poisonous
effects of the plant, while others are not affected at all. Those who are
immune may, it is said, later become susceptible to it. Poisoning by the plant
is painful and ofter dangerous, especially if the eyes are affected. Many
remedies have been suggested, the most widely used, perhaps, being the
application of an alcoholic solution of lead acetate. An extract of Grindelia
(family Asteraceae) has been used successfully. In Mexico various remedies
are reported, among them being a decoction of Heimia salicifolia and Lobelia
fulgens (“ cresta de gallo’’).*
The leaves were formerly official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. The juice
is milky and turns black on exposure to air; upon linen it leaves an indelible
stain. The plant has been used as a local irritant, but is no longer employed.
A tincture is used by homeopathic practitioners as a remedy for rheumatism.
The plant is mentioned by Clavigero (Historia de la California, 1789) under ©
the name “ hiedra maligna.”
8. Rhus eximia (Greene) Standl.
Toxicodendron eximium Greene, Leaflets 1: 123. 1905.
Durango, Nuevo Leén, and Tamaulipas; type collected near the city of
Durango.
Low shrub; leaflets rhombic, 4 to 9 cm. long, usually 3-lobed, the lobes again
shallowly lobed, densely pubescent beneath or glabrate. ‘“ Hiedra” (Tamauli-
pas).
Perhaps only an extreme form of R. radicans. The type is densely pubes-
cent, and a Tamaulipas specimen referred here is glabrate. The latter may
represent a distinct species.
9. Rhus microphylla Engelm.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright 1: 31. 1852.
Rhoeidium microphyllum Greene, Leaflets 1: 143. 1905.
Rhoeidium retusum Greene, Leaflets 1: 144. 1905.
Rhoeidium potosinum Greene, Leaflets 1: 144. 1905. ,
Rhoeidium cinereum Greene, Leafiets 1: 144. 1905.
*For a very full account of the poisonous properties of the plant and of the
remedies which have been suggested (over 200 of them), see W. L. McAtee, An
account of poisonous sumachs, Rhus poisoning, and remedies therefor, Medical
Record (New York), May 8, 1920; see also E. P. Smith, Plant dermatitis, Journ.
Bot. Brit. & For. 58: 130-135. 1920.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 669
Sonora to Coahuila and Zacatecas. Western Texas to southern Arizona;
type from Texas.
Densely branched shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets 5 to 9, oblong to oval,
rounded or obtuse at apex, mucronulate, pilose-strigose; rachis winged; in-
florescence short and dense; petals 3 mm. long; fruit 6 to 7 mm. in diameter,
red. ‘Correosa” (Coahuila, Durango, Texas); “‘agritos” (Chihuahua;
fruit) ; ‘agrillo’”’ (Durango, Patoni).
The fruit is edible, but it is sour and not very palatable.
10. Rhus potentillaefolia Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31°: 469. 1858.
Guerrero, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca.
Shrub or tree, 4.5 to 7.5 meters high; leaflets 13 to 21, oblong or narrowly
oblong, 1.5 to 7 cm. long, deeply sinuate-lobed, rugose, densely pubescent on
both surfaces, sessile; panicles much shorter than the leaves; petals 2 mm.
long; fruit about 6 mm. in diameter, covered with very long soft reddish hairs.
A plant of striking appearance, quite unlike any other species of the genus.
11. Rhus glabra L. Sp. PI. 265. 1753.
Mountains of Chihuahua. Widely distributed in the United States and
Canada. :
Shrub, or sometimes a tree 6 or 7 meters high, with smooth gray bark;
leaflets 11 to 31, oblong or lance-oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, glabrous,
pale beneath; flowers greenish, in dense terminal panicles; fruit covered with
short red hairs.
The white sumac is a handsome plant when loaded with ripe fruit. The
leaves turn red in autumn. The bark and leaves are much used in the United
States for tanning and dyeing, the leaves containing from 15 to 27 per cent of
tannin. The roots also yield a yellow dye. The dried leaves were smoked by
many of the Indians, alone or mixed with tobacco. The fruit is edible; it is
acidulous and contains malic acid. The dried fruit is official in the U. S.
Pharmacopoeia, its decoction or fluid extract being astringent and refrigerant
and employed as a gargle for sore throat and for other purposes. The Pawnee
Indians employed a decoction of the fruit for dysmenorrhoea and dysentery
and a decoction of the roots for urinary troubles.
12. Rhus trilobata Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 219. 1838.
Rhus schinidelioides Schlecht. Linnaea 16: 482, 1842.
?Rhus crenatifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 16: 483. 1842.
Schmaltzia trilobata Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 728. 1903.
Schmalizia glauca Greene, Leaflets 1: 188. 1905.
Schmaltzia scaberula Greene, Leaflets 1: 138. 1905.
Schmaltzia ribifolia Greene, Leaflets 2: 156. 1911.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Guanajuato, Hidalgo, and Colima. Western
United States.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaflets mostly rhombic, 1.5 to 5 em. long, ir-
regularly lobed and crenate, beneath densely pubescent or glabrate, the leaflets
all essentially sessile; inflorescence short and dense; flowers greenish yellow;
fruit 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, bright red. “Agrillo” (Durango); “ lemita”
(New Mexico). The most common English name is ‘ skunkbush.”
The species is an extremely variable one in pubescence and leaf form, and
many segregates have been proposed. Few, if any, of these can be recognized
as species, for the characters seem to intergrade in every direction. The most
remarkable form of the species is that with simple leaves, which, in Mexico, is
known only from Baja California. Specimens from that region were named
Schmaltzia ribifolia Greene, but the form has received several earlier names.
Simple and trifoliolate leaves are often found upon the same plant.
670 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The wood was used by the Indians for bows. The dark red branches are a
favorite article among many tribes for the manufacture of baskets. The fruit
is sour and was eaten by the Indians, sometimes after having been preserved
by drying. The fruit is often soaked in water with sugar to form a refreshing
drink.
13. Rhus andrieuxii Engl. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 4: 389. 1883.
Oaxaca; described from southern Mexico, the localities not known.
Leaflets 5 or 7, broadly ovate, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, pale and short-pubescent
beneath; panicles slightly shorter than the leaves, the bracts ovate, acute.
14. Rhus oaxacana Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 6: 834. 1906.
Oaxaca; type collected between San Martin and Tlaxiaco.
Leaflets 3 to 7, ovate to lance-oblong, the lateral ones petiolulate, entire,
pubescent on both surfaces; panicles terminal and axillary, dense; petals 4
mm. long; fruit red, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter.
This may be only a pubescent form of R. ciliolata.
15. Rhus ciliolata Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 81?: 470. 1858.
Puebla and Oaxaca. ’
Leaflets 3 or 5, long-petiolulate, ovate or oblong-ovate, nearly glabrous in
age, paler beneath and conspicuously reticulate-veined; panicles axillary, lax,
half as long as the leaves or shorter, the branches short-hirtellous.
16. Rhus virens Lindh.; A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 159. 1850.
Rhus sempervirens Scheele, Linnaea 23: 556. 1850.
Sonora to Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas, and Durango; reported from
Hidalgo; specimens from Puebla may belong here. Western Texas (type from
New Braunfels) and southeastern New Mexico.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaflets 5 or 7, short-petiolulate,
oblong-elliptic, oblong-ovate, ovate, or obovate, 2 to 5 em. long, glabrate, paler
beneath; panicles axillary and terminal, usully shorter than the leaves; petals
3.5 mm. long; fruit red or orange, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Capulin”
(Durango, Patoni); “lambrisco” (San Luis Potosi, Urbana); “ lantrisco”
(Tamaulipas, Palmer; a corruption of ‘“ lentisco’’).
The leaves were smoked by the Indians of Texas, either alone or mixed with
tobacco. It is probably this species (it may be R. glabra) of which Berlandier
writes,’ as follows: “The Ayuwmé abounded everywhere along the road, in the
bottoms of the valleys, and along the beds of the arroyos; it is a small shrub
6 to 12 feet high; its appearance is that of the plants of the family Terebin-
thaceae. The inhabitants of Texas call it Aywmé, and the Comanches, who
smoke it, know it under the name of Temaichia. The savages gather its leaves
generally in the autumn, these being then red and very sharp; to preserve them
they dry them by the fire or in the sun, and to smoke them they mix them with
tobacco. The fruits are arranged in pyramidal racemes, rounded in form, red,
oblong, and slightly acid. It is said that in Santa Fe, New Mexico, they make
vinegar of the fruits of another species of Ayumé.”
17. Rhus pachyrrhachis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 218. 1880.
San Luis Potosi.
Shrub or small tree; leaflets 7 to 18, oblong-oval to lance-oblong, 2 to 5 cm.
iong, rounded or obtuse at apex, sessile or nearly so, densely velutinous on both
surfaces; panicles short, open; fruit red, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter. ‘‘ Lantrisco ”
(Palmer).
1Diario de viage de la Comisién de Limites, p. 257. 1850.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 671
18. Rhus schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 16: 480. 1842.
Baja California to San Luis Potosi, Puebla, and Chiapas; type from Barranca
de Santa Maria, Hidalgo.
Leaflets 9 to 13, oblong, lance-oblong, or lanceolate, 2 to 7 cm. long, long-
petiolulate, usually acute or acuminate, paler beneath, glabrate or densely pubes-
cent; panicles lax or dense, 5 to 20 cm. long, puberulent; petals 3 mm. long;
fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter.
The material at hand is variable, especially in pubescence, and may represent
more than one species. The single Baja California specimen is rather imper-
fect, but it seems to belong here.
19. Rhus terebinthifolia Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 600. 1880.
Rhus rubifolia Turez. Bull. Soe. Nat. Moscou 817: 470. 1858.
Rhus subcordata Turez. Bull. Soe. Nat. Moscou 317: 470. 1858.
Rhus palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 95. 1891.
Sonora to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Papantla, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, or probably larger; leaflets 3 to 15, oblong to
ovate or obovate, 2 to 6 em. long, obtuse to acuminate, sparsely or densely
puberulent or pilose beneath; panicles usually large and lax; petals 2 mm.
long; fruit red or orange, 5 to 8 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Hierba de temazcai,”
“temazcal,” “ yaga-biche” (Oaxaca, Reko).
Reko reports that the Zapotecs of Oaxaca employ the plant in steam baths
(Temazcal, a sweat-bath hut) as a remedy for rheumatism and syphilis, and
as a preparation for parturition.
20. Rhus jaliscana Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 219. 1919,
Jalisco; type from the barranca near Guadalajara.
Slender shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets elliptic or elliptic-obiong,
usually obtuse, appressed-pilose beneath; panicles large and open; fruit 5 to
7 mm. in diameter.
21. Rhus barclayi (Hemsl.) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 218. 1919.
Rhus terehinthifolia barclayi Hemsl]. Biel. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 219. 1880.
Tepie to Guerrero; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Slender shrub; leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, hispid-
pilose beneath with subappressed hairs; panicles large and open, the branches
puberulent; fruit about 6 mm. in diameter.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
RHUS SAXATILIS DC. Prodr. 2: 71. 1825. Described from Mexico, the descrip-
tion based upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s plates. The plant belongs to some
other family.
14. PACHYCORMUS Coville, Cent. Dict. rev. ed. 6708. 1911.
1. Pachycormus discolor (Benth.) Coville, Cent. Dict. rey. ed. 6708. 1911.
Schinus discolor Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 11. pl. 9. 1844.
Rhus veatchiana Kellogg, Proe. Calif. Acad. 2: 24. 1863. ;
Veatchia cedrosensis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 290. 1885.
Bursera pubescens S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 44. 1889.
Veatchia discolor T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 140. 1889.
On plains and mountain slopes, Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Tree, 2 to 4.5 meters high, with very short trunk, the branches numerous,
large and thick, usually very crooked and frequently lying upon the ground,
often 6 meters long; bark thin, yellowish, peeling off in thin papery sheets,
exposing the green under surface; leaves pinnate, soon deciduous; leaflets 3 to
672 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
15, 3 to 10 mm. long, oval or oblong, entire or crenate-lobate, puberulent;
fiowers dioecious, paniculate at the ends of the branches, yellowish, pink, or
red; petals accrescent, 5 mm. long, acute; fruit shorter than the petals,
pubescent. ‘ Copalquin,” “ torote blanco.”
A remarkable plant, the only species of the genus. It is leafless for most of
the year. The wood is soft and porous and soon decays. The sap is milky
and on exposure soon hardens into a gum or resin. Considerable quantities
of the bark have been exported to Europe for use in tanning. For a more com-
plete account of the tree, and illustrations, see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:
344-345. pl. 118. 1916.
80. JULIANIACEAE. Juliania Family.
Only one other genus of the family is known, Orthopterygiwm Hemsl., repre-
sented by a single Peruvian species.
1. AMPHIPTERYGIUM Schiede; Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 635. 1843.
REFERENCES: Hemsley & Rose, Diagnoses specierum generis Juliania, Schlecht.,
Americae tropicae, Annals of Botany 17: 443-446. 1903; Hemsley, Phil. Trans.
Roy. Soe. London B. 199: 169-197. pl. 18-24. 1907; Alcocer, Las a
Anal. Mus. Nac. Méx. II. 4: 818-327. 1907.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, deciduous, pinnate or rarely simple, the
leaflets opposite, toothed; flowers dioecious, the staminate small, in axillary
panicles, the perianth 6 to 8-parted; stamens as many as the perianth seg-
ments; pistillate flowers consisting of only a pistil, usually in groups of 4 on
a receptacle; fruit indehiscent, hardened, the fruiting pedicels flat and wing-
like, becoming very large; seed 1.
Leafiets glabrous beneath and glaucous_______________________ 1. A. glaucum,
Leaflets densely pubescent beneath, green.
Leaflets usually 7 or 9, gradually acute or acuminate____2. A. amplifolium.
Leaflets 1 to 7, rounded, obtuse, or abruptly short-pointed at apex.
Young leatletstdenselysvilioust == sees. 2 = Sane ee eee 8. A. molle.
Young leaflets thinly pilose or hirsute.
WCAVES oO LO Mi-LOhOlaLe sae = ae ee ae Se ee 4, A. adstringens.
Leaves all or mostly simple_______-_ 4a. A. adstringens simplicifolium.
1. Amphipterygium glaucum Hemsl. & Rose, Annals of Botany 17: 444. 1903.
Juliania glauca Hemsl. & Rose, Annals of Botany 17: 444. 1908.
Known only from the type locality, Jilotl4n, Michoacan.
Leaflets 3 or 5, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long, acute or abruptly acute, obtuse or cuneate
at base, crenate; fruiting pedicels 3 to 5 cm. long, glaucous.
2. Amphipterygium amplifolium Hemsl. & Rose, Annals of Botany 17: 444.
1903.
Juliania amplifolia Hemsl. & Rose, Annals of Botany 17: 444. 1903.
Durango and Jalisco; type from barranca near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Small tree; leaflets lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5 to 11 cm. long, coarsely
serrate or crenate-serrate, densely pilose or in age glabrate; fruit puberulent or
glabrate, 4 to 5.5 cm. long, the pedicel nearly 3 cm. broad.
8. Amphipterygium molle (Hemsl.) Hemsl. & Rose, Annals of Botany 17:
444, 1903.
Juliania mollis Hemsl. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 28: pl. 2722. 1901.
Known only from the type locality, barranca near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Leaflets 3 or 5, oblong to suborbicular, 2.5 to 5 em. long, crenate-dentate or
serrate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 673
4. Amphipterygium adstringens (Schlecht.) Schiede; Schlecht. Linnaea 17:
635. 1848.
Hypopterygium adstringens Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 635, 1843.
Juliania adstringens Schlecht. Linnaea 17: 746. 1843.
Michoacan to Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Morelos.
Tree, 4 to 6 meters high; leaflets sessile or nearly so, most of them broadly
obovate, 2 to 7 cm. long, serrate or crenate above the middle or sometime also
below, rounded to cuneate at base; fruit 2.5 to 5 cm, long, puberulent or glab-
rate. “ Quetchalalatl” (Michoacan (Lumholtz) ; “ cuachalala,” “ cuauchalala,”
“ cuauchalalote,” “ cuauchalalate,” “ cuauchalalatl ” (Nahuatl) ; ‘‘ matixeran ”
(Michoacin, Tarascan, Lumholtz) ; ‘“ volador” (Puebla).
The bark is astringent and contains tannin. Its decoction is used to harden
the gums and to cure old wounds, and it is said to be employed also as a
remedy for malaria. The bark yields a red dye. This plant has been listed
in some Mexican works as Rajania subsarmata.
4a. Amphipterygium adstringens simplicifolium Standl., subsp. nov.
Oaxaca; type from Playa de Salina Cruz, Distrito de Tehuantepec (Conzatti
3672; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 989553).
Leaves simple, petiolate, the blades oval or rounded-ovate, 4 to 6.5 cm.
long, rounded or obtuse at apex, rounded or subcordate at base, coarsely
crenate, glabrate above, densely short-pilose beneath ; fruit about 3 cm. long.
This may be a distinct species, but it is more probably only a leaf form,
analogous to the forms of certain species of Rhus and Hlaphrium. Two other
specimens seen by the writer have simple leaves on some of the branches.
The finding of a simple-leaved form in this genus is a matter of considerable
interest, for it would seem to indicate a relationship with the Anacardiaceae
and Burseraceae, groups to which the genus has been referred by most authors.
Hemsley, however, considers the relationship of the family to be rather with
the Juglandaceae.
81. CYRILLACEAH. Cyrilla Family.
1. CYRILLA L. Mant. Pl. 1: 5. 1767.
1. Cyrilla racemifiora L. Mant. Pl. 1: 50. 1767.
Cyrilla antillana Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 158. 1803.
Oaxaca. Southern United States, West Indies, Guianas, and Brazil.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 10 meters high, the trunk sometimes 30 cm. in diameter,
the branches widely spreading; bark thin, pale brown, breaking up into large
seales; leaves alternate, leathery, obovate or oblanceolate, 3 to 11 em. long,
obtuse or acute, short-petiolate, entire, glabrous; flowers, perfect, white or
pinkish, in lateral racemes; sepals 5; petals 5, about 3 mm. long, acute;
stamens 5; fruit a 2-celled capsule, about 2.5 mm. in diameter; wood heavy
and hard but weak, reddish brown, close-grained, its specific gravity about 0.68.
The names used in the United States and the British West Indies are
“leather-wood,” ‘ ironwood,” ‘‘burnwood,” ‘red titi,” and “‘ white titi.” This
family has not been reported previously from Mexico or Central America.
The cccurrence of the species in Oaxaca is rather remarkable, but it is prob-
able that it will be found also in Veracruz. The Mexican plant is the form
named by Michaux C. antillana. That is considered a distinct species by some
authors, but Urban, correctly as it seems to the present writer, treats it as
a synonym of C. racemiflora.
82, AQUIFOLIACEAE. Holly Family.
REFERENCE: Loesener, Monographia Aquifoliacearum, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes.
Leop. Carol. 78. 1901; 89: 1-314. 1908.
7808—23——11
674 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. ILEX L. Sp. Pl. 125, 1753.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, usually serrate or crenate, thin or coria-
ceous, estipulate; flowers cymose or solitary in the axils, perfect or polygamous,
small; petals 4 to 9, somewhat united at base, obtuse; stamens 4 to 9, adnate
to base of corolla; fruit a berry-like drupe, containing 4 to 8 nutlets.
Tlex aquifolium J.., of Europe, is the true holly, so frequently mentioned in
literature. The American holly is J. opaca Ait., a native of the eastern United
States, whose branches are extensively used for Christmas greens. Most
species of the genus have showy red fruit, and those with evergreen leaves have
very handsome foliage. The leaves of I. vomitoria Ait., of the southeastern
United States, contain caffeine. From them the Indians of the Gulf States pre-
pared their “black drink,’ which had purgative, vomitive, diuretic, and some-
what stimulant properties, and was used for ceremonial purification.
CAVES CECIGAUOUS Uline eee es ae oe eo ee ea 1. I condensata.
Leaves persistent, thick. ;
Inflorescences or flowers fasciculate in the leaf axils; leaves crenate or crenu-
late, the teeth never pointed. Flowers 4-parted.
eaves puperulent, 2.0 to-o.em, long. 22 ss ae eee 2. I. discolor.
Leaves glabrous.
NECA V ESTE O ml Cllrs) OMG oa rttsat a = Sat. yaar ee a eee 3. I. tolucana.
eavreSrontGr ou Gin: OMG. 2 eke eae Oe eee ee eee 4, I. socorroensis.
Inflorescences solitary in the leaf axils, 1 to 3-flowered or cymose; teeth of
the leaves usually with spinulose tips.
Flowers 5 to 7-parted.
Leaves hirsutulous beneath over nearly the whole surface, the venation
TONS AAT VEY BY RAS Sin ih ea a 5. I. brandegeana.
Leaves glabrous beneath or puberulent along the costa, the lateral veins
TM CONSPICUOU C= ememta eee peewee ee ee ee 6. I. pringlei.
Flowers 4-parted.
Pistillate inflorescence usually 3-flowered____-___--_-____ V7. I. mexicana.
Pistillate flowers solitary.
Leaves! clabrouspbenee thse ee ee eee 8. — rubra.
Leaves pubescent beneath on the veins____-___-----_____ 9. I. dugesii.
1. Ilex condensata Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 827*: 277. 1859.
Ilex dubia condensata Loesener in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1:
221. 1897.
Veracruz.
Shrub; leaves obovate or oblanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, petiolate, acute,
serrulate, glabrous; flowers fasciculate, usually 4-parted; fruit globose, usually
with 4 nutlets, 7 to 8 mm. long.
2. Ilex discolor Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 5. 1878.
Tepic to San Luis Potosi and Chiapas; type from Comitén, Chiapas.
Shrub or small tree with puberulent branchlets; leaves short-petiolate, obo-
vate to elliptic-oblong, acute to rounded at apex, serrulate or crenate, puberu-
lent, especially beneath, or in age glabrate; flowers greenish yellow; pedicels
pubescent or glabrate.
The identification of the single Tepic specimen is doubtful.
8. Ilex tolucana Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 5. 1878.
Ilex californica 'T. S. Brandeg. Gard. & For. 7: 414. 1894.
Ilex tolucana bourgaeavi Loesener, Noy. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 78: 302.
1901.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 675
Ilex tolucana liebmannii Loesener, Noy. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 78:
302. 1901,
Ilex tolucana californica Loesener, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. '78:
302. 1901.
Veracruz, Mexico, Hidalgo, and Oaxaca; Baja California; type from Toluca,
Hidalgo.
Glabrous shrub; leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate to oval, acute at base,
obtuse at apex, serrulate or crenulate, lustrous; inflorescence glabrous; fruit
globose, 4 to 6 mm. in diameter, with 4 nutlets, these 3-striate on the back.
“Limoncillo ” (Hidalgo).
The varieties described by Loesener differ only in leaf form. The writer has
not seen sufficient material of the species to be able to judge of their systematic
value.
This species is closely related to I. paraguariensis St. Hil., the Paraguay
tea or mate of Argentina, Paraguay, and Brazil, whose leaves are widely
used in South America for the preparation of a beverage, which largely re-
places tea and coffee in those regions.
Tlez nitida (Vahl) Maxim. is reported from Veracruz by Loesener, but the
writer has seen no specimens. It is closely related to J. tolucana, and the
specimens reported may belong rather to the latter species.
4. Ilex socorroensis T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 90. 1910.
Known only from Socorro Island, the type locality.
Leaves obovate, 2 to 3 cm. wide, rounded at apex, crenate-dentate, lustrous
above; nutlets 4 or 5.
No material has been seen by the writer.
5. Ilex brandegeana Loesener, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 78: 148. 1901.
Ilex trifiora T. S. Brandeg. Gard. & For. 7: 847. 1894. Not J. triflora Blume,
1826.
Baja California, Sinaloa, and Durango; type locality, La Chuparesa, Baia
California.
Tree, 4.5 meters high, with hirsutulous branchlets; leaves elliptic or ovate-
lanceolate, 3 to 8.5 em. long, acute, appresssed-serrulate, hirsutulous on the
upper surface or glabrate; flowers 5 or 6-parted, sweet-scented; fruit 7 to 9
mm, in diameter. ‘“ Junco serrano” (Sinaloa).
6. Ilex pringlei Standl. sp. nov.
Hidalgo; type from Trinidad (Pringle 10003; U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 462069).
Branchlets puberulent or glabrate; leaves ovate or elliptic, 4 to 6.5 cm. long,
rounded to acute at base, acuminate or abruptly acute at apex, lustrous, with a
few appressed spinulose teeth or subentire; pistillate pedicels 5 to 9 mm.
long ; flowers 6 or 7-parted ; fruit globose, 6 mm. in diameter; nutlets 6, strongly
compressed, smooth.
Some of the inflorescences are fasciculate, but the upper ones are solitary.
Pringle’s 10004 from Trinidad is apparently of the same species. In it the
pistillate pedicels are all solitary.
7. Ilex mexicana (Turcz.) Black; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 187. 1880.
Pileostegia mexicana Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou $2*: 277. 1859.
Ilex cassine mexicana Loesener, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 78: 147.
1901.
Veracruz.
Small tree, nearly glabrous throughout; leaves lance-elliptic or oblong-
elliptic, 6.5 to 9 em. long, short-petiolate, acute or obtuse at base, abruptly
short-acuminate at apex, conspicuously spinulose-serrate; fruit red, globose,
5 to 6 mm. in diameter, with 4 nutlets.
676 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Ilex rubra S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 422. 1886.
Mountains of Chihuahua; type from Norogachi.
Tree, 4 to 7 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves oval, obovate, or
oblong-lanceolate, 4.5 to 6 cm. long, acute, serrate, minutely puberulent above
along the costa; fruit globose, red, 7 to 8 mm. in diameter; nutlets 4.
9. Ilex dugesii Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 533. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Santa Rosa, near Guanajuato.
Leaves oblong, obovate-oblong, or oval-oblong, 3.5 to 6 em. long, acute or
obtuse at base, short-acuminate at apex, serrulate; fruit globose, 7 to 8 mm.
in diameter, red; nutlets 4. ‘“ Naranjillo.”
§3. CELASTRACEAE. Bittersweet Family.
Shrubs or trees, sometimes scandent; leaves opposite or alternate, entire
or toothed; stipules minute and caducous or wanting; flowers small, perfect,
usually cymose; calyx 4 or 5-lobed; petals 4 or 5, small, spreading, sessile
below the margin of the disk, imbricate; stamens 4 or 5, the anthers 2-celled;
ovary 2 to 5-celled; fruit capsular, baccate, drupaceous, or samaroid.
Fruit a samara.
Fruit longitudinally 8-winged; leaves alternate____________ 1. WIMMERTIA.
Fruit with a single terminal wing; leaves opposite________ 2. ZINOWIEWIA.
Fruit a capsule, berry, or drupe.
Fruit a capsule.
Leaves opposite.
Capsules celled eae: BAtlas eee be Rie eet 3. MICROTROPIS.
Capsule 2 to 5-celled.
Capsules 3etosh-COled tes te Se eBid ACER a cat ea eee 4. EUONYMUS.
Capsule: 2-cellediee fs Nc SNR ae APRIL a 5. PACHYSTIMA.
Leaves alternate.
Ovary free from the disk; ovules 2 in each cell________ 6. CELASTRUS.
Ovary confluent with the disk; ovule 1 in each cell____?7. MAYTENUS.
Fruit a berry, drupe, or indehiscent capsule.
Leaves all or most of them opposite.
Flowers dioecious; sepals distinct or nearly so__________ 8. GYMINDA.
Flowers perfect; sepals united below__________________ 9. RHATCOMA.
Leaves all alternate.
Stamens 10; petals ligulate or oblanceolate________ 10. FORSELLESIA. ~
Stamens 4 or 5; petals broad.
Mlowens +-4-parted scm sels erecb a. yay eke legen 11. SCHAEFFERIA.
Flowers 5-parted.
Fruit dry.
Hruitl-seeded< leaves entires 2 a ee 12. MORTONTA.
Fruit 2-seeded; leaves glandular-serrate__13. ORTHOSPHENTA.
Fruit drupaceous or bacecate.
Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded; branches spinose, the leaves caducous.
14. ACANTHOTHAMNUS.
Fruit 2 or 38-celled, 2 to 6-seeded; branches not spinose, the
leaves persistent.
Flowers paniculate; ovary free from the disk.
; 15. PERROTTETIA.
sou Flowers cymose; ovary confluent with the disk.
( 16. ELAEODENDRON.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 677
1. WIMMERTIA Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 427. 1831.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, serrate or crenate, estipulate; flowers
small, in axillary cymes; calyx 5-lobed; petals 5; stamens 5; ovary 3-celled,
with 6 to 8 ovules in each cell; fruit samaroid, 1-celled, 1 or 2-seeded, with 3
broad longitudinal wings.
Fruit evidently longer than broad, usually 2 to 3 cm. long______ 1. W. concolor.
Fruit as broad as long or broader, rarely aS much as 1.5 cm. long.
Petioles and leaf blades glabrous.
IKEAVECSEOU EUS =m ace seein tme ete Fc ee ee ee &. W. pallida.
Leaves acuminate or long-acumniate.
Leaves ovate; fruit shallowly notched at apex__-_-_~_ _3. W. persicifolia,
Leaves lanceolate; fruit deeply notched at apex_______ 4. W. lanceolata.
Petioles, and usually the lower surface of leaves, pubescent.
Leaf blades glabrous________-- phe Sea ety cep hii es Vane 5. W. confusa.
Leaf blades pubescent on one or both surfaces.
Fruit as long as broad; leaves sparsely puberulent beneath, glabrate
DTD OVC eres ee, SRR a A ha ae ee 6. W. pubescens.
Fruit broader than long; leaves densely puberulent on both surfaces.
7. W. microphylla.
1. Wimmeria concolor Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 428. 1831.
Wimmeria discolor Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 428. 1831.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type from Colipa, Veracruz.
Shrub or tree, 1 to 12 meters high, the trunk sometimes 30 cm. in diameter;
leaves ovate or lance-ovate, 4 to 6 em. long, acute or acuminate, crenate-serrate
or nearly entire, lustrous on the upper surface; petals 3 mm. long; fruit 1.5
to 2.5 cm. wide, often tinged with red. ‘“ Pimientilla’” (Tamaulipas) ; “ palo
eadillo’”’ (San Luis Potosi).
Palmer states that the wood is light-colored, and that it is used for rail-
road ties.
2. Wimmeria pallida Radlk. Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 8:
379. 1878.
Guerrero; type probably from Acapulco.
Spreading glabrous shrub, 2.5 meters high; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to
8.5 cm. long, slender-petiolate, crenulate; fruit 1.5 to 2 cm. broad.
8. Wimmeria persicifolia Radlk. Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Akad. Wiss. Miin-
chen 8: 379. 1878.
Guerrero, Morelos, and Oaxaca; type from Hjutla, Oaxaca.
Glabrous shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, 4 to 8.5
cm. long, finely crenate-serrate, long-acuminate; petals 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit
1.5 to 2 em. wide. ‘‘Chapulizle” (Oaxaca, Reko).
4. Wimmeria lanceolata Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 283. 1909.
Guerrero; type from Iguala.
Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves slender-petiolate,
5 to 11 em. long, crenate-serrulate; petals cream-colored, 3 to 4 mm. long;
fruit 1 to 2 cm. broad.
5. Wimmeria confusa Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 6. 1878.
Chihuahua, Sonora, Durango, Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Aguascalientes (type
locality).
Shrub or tree, 2 to 8 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate, oblance-
olate, or obovate, 1 to 4 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, crenulate or
678 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
subentire, pale green; petals 3 mm. long; fruit 1 to 1.5 em. broad. “Algodon-
cillo,” “cedilla,” “acedilla” (Sinaloa).
The wood is used for various purposes and is reported to be durable if not
exposed to too abundant moisture. The name “algdoncillo” is said to refer
to the white fiber of the bark.
6. Wimmeria pubescens Radlk. Situngsb. Math. Phys. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 8:
378. 1878.
Veracruz; type from Consoquitla.
Large shrub or small tree; leaves obovate, 1 to 3 em. long, short-petiolate
or subsessile, rounded at apex, crenulate or subentire; petals 2.5 mm. long;
fruit 1 to 1.5 em. broad, tinged with purple.
7. Wimmeria microphylla Radlk. Bot. Centralbl. 15: 359. 1903.
Puebla.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves obovate or broadly obovate, 0.5 to 1.5 em.
long, sessile or short-petiolate, rounded at apex, entire or crenulate; petals
2.5 mm. long; fruit 1.5 em. broad or less.
2. ZINOWIEWIA Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 32': 275. 1859.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Zinowiewia integerrima Turcz. Bull. Soe. Nat. Moscou 827: 275. 1859.
Morelos and Veracruz. Costa Rica.
Small tree, glabrous throughout; leaves opposite, petiolate, elliptic, ovate,
or ovate-elliptic, 45 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, entire; flowers very
small, numerous, in axillary cymes; petals 5; stamens 5; fruit a samara,
1-seeded, about 2 cm. long, the wing apical, decurrent, obtuse; wood white.
“Palo blanco” (Veracruz).
3. MICROTROPIS Wall. Numer. List 152. 1829.
Glabrous shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, petiolate, persistent, estipulate,
entire; flowers in axillary cymes or fascicles, 5-parted; stamens 5; ovary 2 or
3-celled ; capsule coriaceous, 1-celled, bivalvate, 1-seeded.
Cymes-4sto- T-flowerede= == 5 28s 2) eee © epee ie 1. M. occidentalis.
Gymest8htoS0-flowered ser) soe we Say Eee se wea eres 2 Ee ee he ts 2. M. schiedeana.
1. Microtropis occidentalis Loesener, Bot. Gaz. 24: 393. 1897.
Veracruz. Central America.
Leaves oblong or oval-oblong, 6 to 18 cm. long, 2 to 5 cm. wide, obtusely
acuminate, cuneate at base, with about 6 pairs of lateral nerves; flowers 3 mm.
broad, the petals whitish; fruit oblong, 12 to 18 mm. long.
2. Microtropis schiedeana Loesener, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 98. 1900.
Type from Chiconquiaco, Veracruz.
Leaves oblong or oval-oblong, 6 to 13 em. long, 2 to 5 em. wide, obtuse
or obtusely short-acuminate, acute at base, the lateral nerves 7 to 9 pairs.
4. EUONYMUS L. Sp. Pl. 197. 1753.
Trees or shrubs; leaves opposite, petiolate, persistent, entire or serrate;
flowers perfect, in axillary cymes; calyx 4 or 5-lobed; petals 4 or 5, spreading;
stamens 4 or 5; fruit a capsule, 3 to 5-celled, the cells 1 or 2-seeded; seeds each
_ covered with an aril.
The writer has seen no material of either of the following species. Ben-
tham’s original descriptions afford no distinguishing characters, and conse-
quently only translations of the original descriptions are reproduced here.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 679
1. Euonymus mexicanus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 36. 1840.
Type from mountains near Huasca, Hidalgo.
“Branches smooth, 4-costate; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate, shallowly
erenulate, thickish (persistent ?) ; peduncles 1 to 3-flowered; petals orbicular.
—Shrub 2.4 to 3 meters high; leaves usually complicate, recurved, the margin
undulate. Similar to H. americanus, but the crenations of the leaves more
obtuse, the flowers smaller and usually 4-parted.”
2. Euonymus acuminatus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 59. 1840.
Type from Llano Verde, Oaxaca.
“ Branches smooth; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, obtusely acuminate,
lightly crenate; peduncles 3 to 5-flowered; petals suborbicular; capsule ver-
rucose (?). —Shrub 1.8 to 8 meters high, related to HZ. americanus, but the
leaves broader at base and more conspicuously acuminate at apex, the peduncles
longer, and the flowers much larger and more numerous.”
5. PACHYSTIMA Raf. Amer. Month. Mag. 2: 176. 1818.
Only one other species is known, a native of the mountains of Virginia and
West Virginia.
1. Pachystima myrsinites (Pursh) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 42. 1838.
Ilex myrsinites Pursh, FJ]. Amer. Sept. 119. 1814.
A single Mexican specimen seen, from the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo,
Coahuila. The species ranges through the Rocky Mountains and westward to
California and British Columbia.
Low shrub, sometimes prostrate; leaves opposite, persistent, oval to oblong
or elliptic, 1 to 3 em. long, dentate, glabrous, short-petiolate; flowers solitary
or clustered in the leaf axils, green, minute; sepals 4; petals 4; fruit a capsule.
The Mexican specimens are noteworthy for their small leaves, and may rep-
resent a distinct species. They come from a locality far distant from any other
station known for the species.
6. CELASTRUS L. Sp. Pl. 196. 1753.
Shrubs or small trees, usually scandent; leaves alternate, deciduous, short-
petiolate; flowers small, usually 5-parted; stamens 5; capsule 3 or 4-celled,
loculicidally dehiscent ; seeds 2 in each cell, inclosed in an aril.
CAV CSISELEULALGsECaDSUIG S-COlleG= = 22 = = oe 1. C. pringlei.
weaves. entires capsule 4-celled=-. 2 = ee 2. C. tetramerus.
1. Celastrus pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 195. 1899.
Morelos; type from Cuernavaca.
Seandent shrub, 6 meters long, glabrous throughout; leaves short-petiolate,
narrowly lance-oblong, 7 to 10 cm. long, acute; flowers in axillary racemes 2.5
to 5 em. long; sepals 5; petals 5, white; capsule terete, obovoid, 12 mm. long;
seeds each covered with a yellow aril.
2. Celastrus tetramerus Standl., sp. nov.
Vicinity of Iguala, Guerrero (type, Pringle 10319; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 462573).
Small tree, glabrous; petioles about 5 mm. long; leaf blades lance-oblong, 8
to 11 em. long, 2.5 to 3.5 em. wide, acuminate, acute at base, thin, entire, paler
beneath; flowers axillary, fasciculate or in short racemes, the pedicels in fruit
about 1 cm. long; calyx 4-lobate, the lobes obtuse; fruit globose or depressed-
globose, 8 mm. broad, 4-celled; stigma 4-lobate.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CELASTRUS MEXICANUS DC. Prodr. 2: 8. 1825. Described from Mexico, the de-
scription based upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s drawings.
680 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. MAYTENUS Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chil. 177. 1782.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, persistent, entire or toothed; stipules
minute, deciduous; flowers polygamous, paniculate or solitary, axillary; calyx
5-parted; petals 5, spreading; stamens 5; capsule coriaceous, 1 to 3-celled;
seed covered with a fleshy aril.
Leaves pale green, very thick and fleshy, usually entire; flowers fasciculate.
1. M. phyllanthoides.
Leaves bright green, not fleshy, crenate or serrate; flowers cymose or panicu-
late.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at base_-__________________ 2. M. repandus.
Leaves oblong-elliptic to elliptic-oval, rounded or very obtuse at base.
3. M.trichotomus.
1. Maytenus phyllanthoides Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 54. 1844.
Tricerma crassifolium Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 98.
1854.
Baja California and Sonora to Yucatin and Puebla; type from Magdalena
Bay, Baja California. Southern Florida; Cuba.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 7.5 meters high, glabrous; leaves mostly obovate
or broadly obovate, 2 to 4 cm. long, acute or obtuse at base, rounded at apex,
the venation obscure; flowers pedicellate; petals 1.5 mm. long; fruit obovoid,
7 to § mm. long; seeds 1 or 2, covered with a red aril. ‘‘ Mangle dulce” (Baja
California) ; ‘‘ mangle” (Sonora) ; ‘ aguabola,” “mangle aguabola” (Sinaloa,
Puebla, Seler).
The plant usually, but not always, grows along sea beaches, in places that
are submerged at high tide. The wood is used for fuel. Seler states that the
leaves are employed as a remedy for scurvy and toothache.
2. Maytenus repandus Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31: 450. 1858.
Oaxaca, Chiapas, and perhaps Veracruz; type from Tolutla, Chiapas.
Glabrous; leaves petiolate, 3 to 7 cm. long, acuminate, crenate-serrate;
inflorescence few or many-flowered.
3. Maytenus trichotomus Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31*: 451. 1858.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Jitatole, Chiapas.
Shrub (scandent); leaves short-petiolate, 5.5 to 10 em. long, abruptly
acuminate, glabrous, crenate-serrate or nearly entire; panicles half as long
as the leaves or shorter; fruit subglobose, 1 cm. long.
8. GYMINDA Sarg. Gard. & For. 4: 4. 1891.
1. Gyminda latifolia (Swartz) Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 80. 1904.
Myginda latifolia Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 39. 1788.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz. Florida; West Indies.
Glabrous tree, sometimes 9 meters high, with a trunk 20 cm. in diameter;
bark thin, reddish brown; leaves opposite, persistent, short-petiolate, usually
obovate or broadly obovate, 2 to 6 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, entire
er crenulate; flowers greenish, dioecious, in axillary cymes; calyx 4-parted;
petals 4, 1.5 to 2 em. long; fruit a black drupe, 5 to 8 mm. long; wood dense,
very dark brown, its specific gravity about 0.90. “ Mala mujer,” “ cocorron-
cito’”’ (Porto Rico).
The English name is “ false boxwood.”
9. RHACOMA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 896. 1759.
Trees or shrubs; leaves opposite, or Some of them alternate, entire or
toothed; stipules small; flowers minute, cymose, axillary; calyx usually
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 681
4-lobate; petals usually 4, reflexed or spreading; stamens 4; ovary 2 to 4-celled;
fruit drupaceous, 1-celled.
Inflorescences nearly sessile; leaves all linear or lance-linear, less than 3 mm.
SVy LCL R Eee 2 RY oF a aE a NE a Ay i AO tee ed ee 1. R. managuatillo.
Inflorescences long-pedunculate; leaves lanceolate or broader, most of them
more than 1 cm. wide.
Branchlets sharply angled.
Leaves densely pubescent, obtuse or rounded at apex; calyx pubescent.
2. R. uragoga.
Leaves glabrous, acuminate; calyx glabrous_______________ 3. R. scoparia.
Branchlets terete or nearly so.
Leaves glabrous beneath; fruit 10 to 12 mm. long________ 4, R. oxyphylla.
Leaves puberulent beneath along the veins; fruit about 15 mm. long.
5. R. macrocarpa.
1. Rhacoma managuatillo Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 294. 1910.
Michoacén; type from Panda.
Shrub; branchlets slender, sharply quadrangular, glabrous or when young
short-pilose; leaves 4 to 17 mm. long, entire or obscurely crenulate, sessile,
glabrous; inflorescence few-flowered, short-pilose, the flowers green; fruit red,
8 to 10 mm. long, long-pedicellate. ‘“ Managuatillo.”
2. Rhacoma uragoga (Jacq.) Baill. Hist. Pl. 8: 27. 1877.
Myginda uragoga Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 12. 1760.
Myginda coccinea Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 86: 604. 1863.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Cuba; Colombia.
Slender shrub, the branchlets densely short-pilose; leaves short-petiolate,
ovate to rounded-ovate, 1.5 to 5 em. long, irregularly Serrate or subentire;
inflorescence short, few or many-flowered, the flowers dark red; petals 1.5 mm,
long; fruit red, 5 to 7 mm. long. ‘‘ Hierba maravedi” (Cuba).
8. Rhacoma scoparia (Hook. & Arn.) Standl.
Myginda scoparia Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 283. 1841.
Known only from the vicinity of Acapulco, the type locality.
Slender shrub, glabrous throughout; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or
ovate, 2 to 4 cm. long, those of the flowering branches often much reduced,
serrulate ; inflorescence few-flowered ; flowers deep red; fruit red, about 6 mm.
long.
4. Rhacoma oxyphylla (Blake) Standl.
Myginda oryphylla Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 60. 1918.
Oaxaca; type from Cafetal Nueva Esperanza, Pochutla, altitude 800 meters.
Leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 4 to 7.5 em. long,
1.2 to 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate, crenate-serrulate; panicles 7.5 cm. long or
shorter, slender-pedunculate; petals purplish, 1.5 mm. long.
5. Rhacoma macrocarpa (T. 8. Brandeg.) Standl.
Myginda macrocarpa T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 56. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas.
Shrub; leaves oblong-ovate or elliptic, 9 cm. long and 4 cm. wide or smaller,
acuminate, obscurely crenate-serrulate, short-petiolate.
10. FORSELLESIA Greene, Erythea 1: 206. 1893.
1. Forsellesia spinescens (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea 1: 206. 1893.
Glossopetalon spinescens A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 29. pl. 12. f. B. 1853.
Northern Chihuahua. Oklahoma and western Texas to southern California ;
type from Frontera, Texas.
682 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Densely branched shrub, a meter high or less, the branches angulate, usually
glabrous; leaves alternate, short-petiolate, 4 to 8 mm. long, oblanceolate, acute,
glaucous, entire, soon deciduous; flowers subsolitary, axillary, short-pedicel-
late; petals 5, white, oblanceolate or ligulate, 3 to 4 mm. long; stamens 10;
fruit coriaceous, ovoid, asymmetric, acute, about 5 mm. long.
11. SCHAEFFERIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 10. 1760.
Shrubs or trees, glabrous; leaves alternate or fasciculate, entire, coriaceous,
estipulate ; flowers sessile or pedicellate in the axils, dioecious; calyx 4-parted;
petals 4; fruit a dry or nearly dry drupe, 2-celled.
CAME RROLETT SON VaR EDEL GC eee cect a eer Eee eee 1. S. pilosa.
Leaves glabrous.
Leaves mostly 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide, not fasciculate___________ 2. S. frutescens.
Leaves 2 to 8 mm. wide, chiefly fasciculate.
Leaves obovate-spatulate, pinnate-nerved________________ 8. S. cuneifolia.
Leaves linear-spatulate, the nerves parallel, extending from base to apex of
her blades et ee a tebe os Dur ee arbor ele Simba Pee Set 4. S. stenophylla.
1. Schaefferia pilosa Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected near Huajuapam, Oaxaca, altitude 1,680 to 1,950 meters
(Nelson 1965; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 569292).
Branches grayish, puberulent when young; leaves mostly fasciculate on
short lateral spurs, rounded-spatulate or ovate-spatulate, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long,
obtuse or rounded at apex, cuneate at base and decurrent into a short petiole,
thin, yellowish green, rather densely short-pilose on both surfaces, pinnately
nerved; flowers axillary, the pedicels stout, 2 to 3 mm. long, glabrous; calyx
lobes about 0.5 mm. long, obtuse, glabrous; fruit fleshy, 4 to 5 mm. long,
pubescent.
2. Schaefferia frutescens Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 33. 1760.
? Schaefferia viridescens DC. Prodr. 2: 41. 1825.
Reported from Veracruz. Florida, West Indies, and Colombia.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 12 meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. in diameter;
bark thin, light gray, slightly grooved; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate, elliptic,
or oval, acute or acuminate; flowers pedicellate; petals 3.5 to 4 mm. long;
fruit 4 to 6 mm. long, bright red, with unpleasant taste; wood yellow, dense,
the specific gravity about 0.77. “Cabra” (Santo Domingo).
Known as “ Florida boxwood’” or ‘ yellow-wood.”
3. Schaefferia cuneifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 35. 1852.
Coahuila. Western Texas; type from “high prairies of the San Felipe, and
on the San Pedro.”
Shrub, about 1 meter high, densely branched, the branchlets often spinose;
leaves cuneate-obovate, sessile, rounded, or notched at apex; flowers sessile,
greenish; fruit red, 4 mm. long. ‘“ Capul” (Texas).
The roots are said to be used as a remedy for venereal diseases.
4. Schaefferia stenophylla Standl., sp. nov.
Vicinity of Tehuacain, Puebla (type, Pringle 7503; U. S. Nat. Herb. no.
316732). !
Shrub, about 1 meter high, glabrous; leaves fasciculate on short stout lateral
_ spurs, linear-spatulate, 7 to 20 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse to truncate
at apex, mucronulate, gradually attenuate to base, sessile, bright green, sub-
coriaceous, parallel-nerved; pedicels short and stout, glabrous; fruit 3.5 to
5 mm. long and often as broad, rarely 1-celled.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 683
12. MORTONTIA. A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 35. 1852.
REFERENCE: Trelease in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1*: 400. 1897.
Low shrubs; leaves alternate, persistent, entire, 1-nerved, usually very thick,
the margins often revolute; flowers small, white, cymose, the cymes borne in
the upper axils and forming a terminal panicle; calyx tube 10-angled, 5-lobed;
petals 5, erose-dentate; stamens 5; ovary imperfectly 5-celled; fruit dry,
indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Jeeaves SUpDORDICUIAr RODEO VEls 2s e * am Saree ee ee ee 1. M. scabrella,
Leaves spatulate to linear-oblanceolate.
Leaves linear-oblanceolate, scarcely broadened toward the apex.
2. M. palmeri.
Leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, much broader toward the apex.
Leaves thin, glabrous, the margins thin, not revolute_______ 3. M. gregezii.
Leaves very thick, the margins strongly thickened, revolute.
LOLS NGS Sie aR) CTO) 0S A eee a Re ee aN ae ee bad 4. M. diffusa.
Leaves scaberulous on the upper surface___-__________ 5. M. hidalgensis.
1. Mortonia scabrella A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 28. 1853.
Chihuahua and northern Sonora; type from San Pedro, Sonora. Southern
Arizona to western Texas.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, densely branched; leaves short-petiolate, 5
to 9 mm. long, rounded at apex, scaberulous on the upper surface, very thick,
with revolute margins; calyx hirtellous; petals 2 mm. long; fruit 4 to 5 mm,
long.
2. Mortonia palmeri Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 24. 1879.
Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, and Zacatecas; type from the region of San Luis
Potosi.
Branches puberulent; leaves 1 to 2 em. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous, very
thick, the margins strongly revolute; catyx glabrous; petals suborbicular, 2
mm. long; fruit 4to 5 mm. long. “Afinador’” (Zacatecas).
3. Mortonia greggii A. Gray, Pl. Wright, 1: 35. 1852.
Mortonia effusa Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 317: 453.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; type from Rinconada.
Branches puberulent; leaves 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, acute or obtuse, mucronate,
bright green; calyx glabrous; petals 2 mm. long; fruit 4 to 5 mm. long.
“ Afinador ” (Coahuila).
4. Mortonia diffusa Rose & Standl., sp. nov.
Puebla; type from Tehuacin (Pringle 8569; U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 461507).
Shrub, 1 to 1.15 meters high, the branches brown, hirtellous; leaves short-
petiolate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, mucronate, bright green ;
inflorescence comparatively large and lax; calyx glabrous; petals suborbicular,
2 mm. long.
Collected also at San Luis Tultilanapa by Purpus (no. 2700).
5. Mortonia hidalgensis Standl., sp. nov.
Hidalgo; type from Zimapin (Hhrenberg 1038; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 617127).
Branches densely hirtellous; leaves short-petiolate, 1 to 1.5 em. long, oblanceo-
late or obovate, rounded at apex, mucronate, bright green, glabrous beneath;
inflorescence small and dense; calyx hirtellous; petals orbicular, 2 mm. long;
fruit 4 mm. long.
Collected also at Ixmiquilpan by Rose, Painter, and Rose (no. 9047).
684 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
18. ORTHOSPHENIA Standl., gen. noy.
Erect shrub; leaves alternate, coriaceous, glandular-serrate, short-petiolate ;
stipules minute, subulate, persistent; flowers minute, solitary or fasciculate
in the leaf axils, nearly sessile; calyx deeply 5-lobate, the lobes obtuse,
thickened, persistent; petals 5; stamens 5; stigma nearly sessile, shallowly
bilobate; fruit apparently dry and indehiscent, thin-walled, 1-celled; seeds 2,
basilar, erect, without endosperm.
1. Orthosphenia mexicana Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected between Miquihuana and Doctor Arroyo, along the boundary
between Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leén (Nelson 4509; U. S. Nat. Herb. no.
3325388).
Branches terete, grayish, glabrous or nearly so; leaves approximate, erect
and subappressed, subimbricate, cuneate-obovate, 5 to 8 mm. long, rounded at
apex, cuneate at base, on a very short thick petiole, very thick, glabrous or
nearly so, coarsely glandular-serrate, the venation nearly obsolete; flowers
1 to 3 in each axil, about 1.5 mm. long in bud, glabrous; fruit oval-globose, 3
mm. long, green, Smooth and glabrous; seeds semiglobose, blackish, 2.5 mm.
long.
The type specimen consists of a fruiting branch. The writer has seen one
other specimen of the plant, collected by Berlandier and labeled ‘‘ Matamoros ?”
It consists of a single branch bearing flower buds. Each tooth of the leaves
ends in a pore from which there is a copious exudate of wax. When the
leaves are boiled in water the wax melts and rises to the surface.
14. ACANTHOTHAMNUS T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 383. 1909.
1. Acanthothamnus aphyllus (Schlecht.) Standl.
Celastrus aphyllus Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 458. 1841.
Acanthothamnus viridis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 383. 1909.
Scandivepres mexicanus Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 292. 1910.
Puebla and perhaps elsewhere; type from Jacualtepin.
Densely branched glabrous shrub, 1 meter high, with green alternate
branches; leaves alternate, caducous, narrowly spatulate, 5 mm. long; stipules
glandlike; flowers axillary, pedicellate; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, suborbicular,
2 to 3 mm. long; stamens 5; ovary 2-celled; fruit ovoid, red, 5 mm. long, the
exocarp thin, fleshy, 1-celled; seed 1.
In general appearance the plant suggests Koeberlinia. There is little doubt
that the names given by Schlechtendal and Brandegee apply to the same plant.
15. PERROTTETIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 73. 1825,
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, short-petiolate; flowers minute, polygamo-
dioecious, in axillary panicles; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, valvate or obscurely
imbricate; stamens 5; ovary 2-celled; fruit baccate, 2-celled, 2 to 4-seeded.
Leaves broadly rounded at base; panicle branches glabrous________ 1. P. ovata.
Leaves obtuse or broadly cuneate at base; panicle branches minutely puberulent.
2. P. longistylis.
1. Perrottetia ovata Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 6. 1878.
Perrottetia glabrata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 110. 1897.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves broadly
ovate, 7 to 18 cm. long, 4 to 6 em. wide, long-acuminate, serrulate; panicles lax
and open, long-pedunculate, equaling or shorter than the leaves.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 685
2. Perrottetia longistylis Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 5: 110. 1897.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Izhuatlancillo, near Orizaba,
Veracruz. Guatemala.
Leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, 7 to 20 cm. long, 3 to 8 cm. wide, acuminate,
serrulate, finely puberulent beneath or glabrate; panicles equaling or shorter
than the leaves.
Reported by Hemsley as P. quindiuensis H. B. K.
16. ELAEODENDRON Jacq. Nov. Aet. Helv. Phys. Math. 1: 36. 1787.
1. Elaeodendron xylocarpum (Vent.) DC. Prodr. 2: 11. 1825.
Cassine zylocarpa Vent. Choix Pl. Cels 28. pl. 23. 1803.
Hilaeodendron xylocarpum continentale Harms & Loes. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29:
98. 1900.
Veracruz; Tres Marias Islands (?). West Indies; Mujeres Island.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 10 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves short-
petiolate, obovate to elliptic-oblong or rounded, 4 to 13 em. long, acute or
obtuse, acute to rounded at base, coriaceous, obscurely serrulate or crenulate,
often pale; petals white, about 3 mm. long; fruit globose or obovate, 1 to 3 em.
long, yellow or orange. “ Guayarrote,” “ coscerrén,” “ cocorrén” (Porto Rico) ;
The vernacular name of the Tres Marias Islands plant is given as “mano de
leén.”’
84, HIPPOCRATEACEAR. Hippocratea Family.
1. HIPPOCRATEA L. Sp. Pl. 1191. 1753.
REFERENCE: Miers, On the Hippocrateaceae of South America, Trans. Linn.
Soe. Bot. 28: 319-482. pl. 16-32. 1872.
Trees or shrubs, often scandent; leaves opposite, persistent, petiolate, entire
or toothed; stipules small, caducous; flowers small, greenish, in axillary cymes
or panicles; calyx 5-parted; petals usually 5, spreading, valvate or imbricate;
stamens 3; fruit a large capsule, strongly compressed vertically, 3-lobed or of
3-carpels, the carpels coriaceous, bivalvate along the middle; seeds 2 to 6 in
each cell, large, compressed, broadly winged.
Hippocratea volubilis L. (H. ovata Lam.; H. scandens Jacq.) has been re-
ported from Mexico, but no specimens have been seen by the writer. It is
a West Indian species, with edible seeds. The seeds yield an odorless color-
less oil. The plant is reputed to have pectoral properties, and it is one of the
West Indian remedies for snake bites.
Branches of the inflorescence glabrous or very sparsely and obscurely puberu-
lent, slender; inflorescence long, much branched, many-flowered ; branchlets
glabrous.
Leaves mostly elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 3 to 7 cm. wide, broadest about the
middle, usually acute or short-acuminate; cymes much shorter than the
DSS TINS YS ie ial eden ts ec alba de. cheek EN ads ieee Ee sale NL 1. H. celastroides.
Leaves obovate-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 1 to 3.5 cm. wide, broadest to-
ward the apex, usually rounded or obtuse at apex; cymes often longer
Ghamntie leaves s css cos eee Sa ee ee tee 2. H. acapulcensis.
Branches of the inflorescence densely puberulent or tomentulose, stout inflor-
escence short and comparatively few-flowered; branchlets often densely
puberulent.
Leaves scaberulous on the upper surface, pubescent beneath, at least when
RAO DH apse ee AES Regi at A ee elle hl a RN aoe oe ee eget a 3. H. uniflora.
686 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves smooth, glabrous.
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at base.
Capsule lobes rounded at apex; leaves crenate-serrate______ 4. H. utilis.
Capsule lobes deeply notched; leaves entire__________ 5. H. chiapensis.
Leaves acute at base.
Panicles scarcely longer than the petioles, few-flowered; leaves 10 to 15
CUMS LOIN 0 os OR er ak es FE oe tel 6. H. rovirosae.
Panicles half as long as the leaves or longer; leaves usually less than
10 cm. long.
Branches of the inflorescence hirtellous________________ 7. H. excelsa.
Branches of the inflorescence tomentulose.
MOWersi6 stom mame DT Oa Ce aces te eee 8. H. elliptica.
lowers! 4) mins DRO 2 22= a a ee 9. H. acutifiora.
1. Hippocratea celastroides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 186. 1821.
Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Yucatén; type from Venta de Estola. Guatemala.
Glabrous scandent shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, 4 to 14 cm. long, bright
green, entire or crenate-serrulate, acute or obtuse at base; flowers greenish
yellow ; capsule lobes rounded-obovate, rounded at apex. ‘‘ Tulubalam” (Yuca-
tan, Maya).
Specimens of this species from Yucatén were determined by Radlkofer as
H. grisebachii Loes. That is a South American species, and perhaps synony-
mous with H. celastroides.
2. Hippocratea acapulcensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 187. 1821.
Pristimera tenella Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 365. 1872.
Tontelea hookeriana Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 888. 1872.
Hippocratea pauciflora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 197. 1899.
Sinaloa to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Seandent shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters long or more, glabrous throughout or nearly
so; leaves 5 to 10 em. long, bright green or gray-green, entire or crenulate;
flowers green; sepals usually lacerate-dentate; petals glabrous, often denticu-
late; capsule lobes obleng to rounded-obovate, 3.5 to 7 cm. long, rounded or
shallowly notched at apex. ‘“ Hierba del puyo” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ;
“cuanabichi” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); ‘‘mata-piojo,” ‘“‘hierba del piojo,”
“bejuco de piojo,” ‘“ pepitas de piojo” (seeds), “semillas de piojo” (Oaxaca).
A paste or tincture of the seeds is used to kill parasites upon the human body.
A specimen from Michoacin (Nelson 6922) is remarkable for its narrow and
very long (16 to 19 cm.) leaves, but it is probably not specifically different.
8. Hippocratea unifiora DC. Prodr. 1: 567. 1824.
Hippocratea mexicana Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 352. 1872.
Hippocratea seleriana Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 561. 1899.
Durango to Oaxaca; original description based upon one of Sessé and
Mocifio’s plates. Guatemala.
Erect shrub or tree with gray branches; leaves obovate-oblong or broadly
obovate, 3.5 to 7 em. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at base, broadly
rounded at apex, gray-green, very thick, short-petiolate, entire or nearly so;
flowers about 7 mm. broad; capsule lobes rounded-obovate, about 5.5 ecm. long
and 4.5 em. wide, deeply notched at apex.
4. Hippocratea utilis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 197. 1899.
Mountains of Sinaloa; type from Colomas.
High-climbing shrub; leaves elliptic or broadly elliptic, 5 to 8.5 em. long,
3 to 5 em. wide, bright green, cremate, petiolate, obtuse to short-acuminate
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 687
at apex; capsule lobes elliptic-oblong, 3 to 4.5 em. long, 2.5 em. wide, rounded
at apex. ‘“‘ Bejuco colorado.”
The tough stems are used for binding fences, the framework of houses, and
similar purposes.
5. Hippocratea chiapensis Standl., sp. nov.
Type from San Vicente, Chiapas (Goldman 888; U. S. Nat. Herb. no.
470689).
Erect shrub or tree; leaves oval or oval-elliptic, 4.5 to 7 cm. long, 3 to
4.5 em. wide, rounded at apex and sometimes very shortly pointed, coriaceous,
bright green, short-petiolate ; branches of the inflorescence tomentulose; flowers
8 mm. broad, the disk and petals glabrous; capsule glabrous, the lobes broadly
obovate, about 6.5 em. long and 5 cm. wide.
6. Hippocratea rovirosae Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Mayito, Tabasco (Rovirosa 411; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 985856).
Probably scandent, the branchlets slender, brown; leaves short-petiolate,
oblong-obovate or narrowly elliptic-oblong, 3 to 5.5 em. wide, short-acuminate
at apex, rather coarsely crenate, bright green; panicles few-flowered, tomentu-
lose; flowers 5 mm. broad, the petals obtuse, barbate within.
7. Hippocratea excelsa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 188. 1821.
Type collected between Acapulco and Mazatlan, Guerrero. Reported from
Panama.
Tall tree; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-oblong, 7 to 7.5 cm. long, 3.5 cm.
wide, acuminate, undulate-crenate; panicles many-flowered.
8. Hippocratea elliptica H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 188. 1821.
Hippocratea meizantha Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 72, 1917.
Guerrero and Morelos; type collected between Taxco and Tepecoacuilco,
Guerrero.
Scandent shrub; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic or oval-elliptic, 5 to 9 cm.
long, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, obtuse or acute, obscurely crenate-serrulate, bright
green; petals barbate within.
9. Hippocratea acutiflora DC. Prodr. 1: 568. 1824.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known.
Seandent shrub; leaves elongate-elliptic, 5 to 6.5 em. long, 1.5 to 2 em. wide,
acute, subserrate, bright green; panicles 2.5 to 6.5 cm. long; capsule lobes
obovate.
85. STAPHYLEACEAE. Bladdernut Family.
Trees or erect shrubs; leaves opposite, usually pinnately compound, stipu-
late; flowers perfect, in terminal or axillary racemes or panicles; sepals 5;
stamens 5; ovary usually 3-celled; fruit 3-celled, capsular or leathery and
indehiscent.
Fruit thin, inflated and bladder-like; ovary 3-parted________ 1. STAPHYLEA.
Fruit leathery, indehiscent; ovary 3-lobed____-_-______________ 2. TURPINIA.
1. STAPHYLEA L. Sp. Pl. 270. 1753.
1. Staphylea pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 146. 1890.
Nuevo Leén to Hidalgo; type from the Sierra Madre, near Monterrey,
Nuevo Leon.
Large shrub or small tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high; leaflets 3, oval-elliptic, 5 to
10 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. wide, cuspidate-acuminate, finely serrulate, villosulous
beneath when young but soon glabrate; flowers white, the panicles often
688 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
longer than the leaves; petals 7 mm. long; fruit about 5 cm. long and 3.5 cm.
broad, thin, 3-lobed at apex.
Doubtless through a slip of the pen, this species was listed by Pax’ as “S.
mexicana Watson.”
2. TURPINIA Vent. Choix PI. Cels. 31. 1803.
Glabrous trees or shrubs; leaves with 1 or more leaflets; flowers perfect, in
terminal panicies; petals orbicular or nearly so; fruit subglobose, fleshy or
coriaceous, few or many-seeded.
Wheres H=tOLOl ates a 5 ot ots as eid at oe oe 1, T. insignis,
MEAVES? SitiOnO- LOL OLS tee ea os a a et 2. T. occidentalis.
1. Turpinia insignis (H. B. K.) Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. '7: 296. 1847.
Lacepedea insignis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 148. pl. 444. 1821.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Shrub or small tree; leaves persistent, petiolate, the leaflet elliptic or elliptic-
oblong, 7 to 15 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate at apex, entire or obscurely
crenate-serrulate; panicles about as long as the leaves; flowers white, 5 mm.
long.
2. Turpinia occidentalis (Swartz) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 3. 1832.
Staphylea occidentalis Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 55. 1788.
? Lacepedea pinnata Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 240. 1835.
Veracruz and Puebla. West Indies and Central America.
Shrub or small tree; leaflets elliptic-lanceolate, elliptic-oblong, or ovate-
lanceolate, 4 to 10 em. long, acuminate or long-acuminate, crenate-serrate ;
panicles usually large but few-flowered; flowers 5 to 7 mm. long, white; fruit
1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter.
Schlechtendal’s species was based upon fruiting material, but it is- probably
synonymous with 7. occidentalis. Turpinia paniculata Vent. has been re-
ported from Mexico, and may perhaps occur there, since it is found in Central
America. It is distinguished by its smaller flowers.
DOUBTFUL SPECIBS.
TURPINIA ? TOMENTOSA Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 24. 1824.
86. ICACINACEAE. Icacina Family.
Shrubs or trees; leaves chiefly alternate, usually entire, estipulate; flowers
small, perfect or unisexual; calyx inferior, 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes commonly
imbricate; petals 4 or 5, sometimes united below, valvate; stamens as many
as the petals and alternate with them; ovary usually 1-celled; fruit drupaceous,
1-celled, 1-seeded.
MlOWers4=parted sete <2) Roe aCe ee ee Eee 1. CALATOLA.
Flowers 5-parted.
Peralsehairy \insides--s.28 2s SUN Be CEN I eae tee ee Ee 2. MAPPIA.
Petals Pla Dros tee a So ee I A en Ee 38. OECOPETALUM.
1. CALATOLA Standl., gen. nov.
Trees; leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or sinuate-serrate; flowers dioecious,
the staminate bracteate, in long slender solitary axillary spikes, the pistillate
axillary, solitary and pedunculate or in few-flowered spikelike inflorescences;
staminate calyx 4-lobate, the corolla 4-parted, the lobes concave, valvate;
stamens 4, alternate with the corolla lobes, erect, basifixed, the filaments very
*In Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 261. 1893.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 689
short, adnate to the corolla, the anthers oblong, 2-celled, dehiscent by lateral
slits; pistillate calyx 4-lobate; ovary 1-celled; fruit drupaceous, large, globose
or ovoid, with thin flesh, the putamen osseous, bicristate and with numerous
irregular dentate crests over the whole surface.
One other species is known, a native of Costa Rica.
heaves, densely; pubescent beneaths=-s.-2 == = = ee 1. C. mollis,
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly’ sou 22_~ 22227 2. C. laevigata.
1. Calatola mollis Standl., sp. noy.
Puebla; type from Zacatlin (f. Salazar, April 3, 1918).
Tree, about 20 meters high; leaves oval-elliptic to oblong-obovate, 20 to 30 cm.
long, acute or abruptly short-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base; staminate
spikes 8 to 20 cm. long; corolla 2 mm. long; fruit 5 to 5.5 em. long, 4 to 4.5 cm.
thick, densely tomentose. ‘“‘ Nuez de calatola,” “ calatolazno” (tree), ‘ colas
de ratas”’ (spikes).
The seeds are said to have vomitive-purgative properties.
2. Calatola laevigata Standl., sp. nov.
Oaxaca; type from Cafetal San Carlos, Cerro Espino, altitude 800 meters
(Reko 3440; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 988705).
Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, 11 to 16 cm. long, acute, obtuse or acute
at base; staminate spikes 4 to 6 cm. long or larger; pistillate flowers in short
dense spikes; young fruit glabrate. ‘“ Palo de tinta.”
2. MAPPIA Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 22. 1797.
1. Mappia mexicana Robins & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 150. 1895.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type from Micos, San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oblanceolate or oblong-
obovate, 7.5 to 10.5 em. long, obtuse, cuneate at base, glabrous; flowers in
long-pedunculate cymose panicles; calyx minutely pubescent; petals 2.5 mm.
long; fruit black, 1.5 em. long.
3. OECOPETALUM Greenm. & Thomps. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 408. 1914.
A single species is known.
1. Oecopetalum mexicanum Greenm. & Thomps. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 408.
pl. 25. 194.
Type from mountains near Misantla, Veracruz.
Leaves short-petiolate, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 10 to 25 cm. long, short-
acuminate, acute at base, entire, glabrous or nearly so; flowers in axillary
pedunculate pubescent cymes; calyx tomentose, the lobes ovate, obtuse;
petals 8 mm. long; ovary glabrous.
87. ACERACEAE. Maple Family.
1. ACER L. Sp. Pl. 1054. 1753.
Trees or shrubs; leaves .opposite, simple or pinnate, deciduous, petiolate;
flowers unisexual, dioecious or polygamo-dioecious; calyx 4 or 5-lobed or parted;
petals as many as the calyx lobes or none; stamens 4 to 12; fruit of 2 large
united samaras.
Some of the maples make excellent shade trees and they are often cultivated
for this purpose. One Huropean species, A. pseudoplatanus L. (‘“‘ sicomoro”’),
the sycamore maple, is said to be grown in Mexico. In most of the American
species of the genus the sap is sweet, and by evaporation this yields maple
sugar, an article well known to the Indians of North America, and still har-
vested in large quantities in the United States each year.
7808—23——_12
690 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves pinnate.
Young branchlets densely pubescent________---__-_------+--- 1. A. serratum,
Vounc branchlets, Slabrous 2. 2. 8 er ee 2. A. orizabense,
Leaves simple, lobed.
Leaves truncate or rounded at base-____--_-__—_________-_ 3. A. mexicanum,
MEAVeESFCOLGates Ate ASC— 2 ea ee a ee 4, A. brachypterum.
1. Acer serratum Pax, Bot. Pahrb. Engler 6: 296. 1885.
Negundo mexicanum DC. Prodr. 1: 545. 1824.
Acer mexicanum Pax, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 7: 212. 1886. Not A. mexicanum
A. Gray, 1862.
Tlaxcala, Mexico, Puebla, and Chiapas, and probably elsewhere. Guatemala.
Tree; leaflets 3, lanceolate to broadly ovate, 6 to 12 cm. long, long-acuminate,
coarsely and irregularly serrate, densely pubescent beneath; flowers dioecious;
petals none; samaras about 3 cm. long, pubescent. “Acezintle,” ‘“‘ acecincle ”’
(Mexico) ; “ arce.” j
2. Acer orizabense (Rydb.) Standl.
Negundo orizabense Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 40: 55. 19138.
Veracruz, Mexico, and Michoac4n; type from Orizaba, Veracruz.
Tree, the young branches green; leaflets 3, lanceolate, ovate, or rhombic-oval,
5 to 15 cm. long, acute or acuminate, serrate, scon glabrate beneath; petals
none; samaras 3.5 to 4 em. long.
This is closely related to A. negundo L., the box-elder of the United States,
and may not be distinct.
38. Acer mexicanum A, Gray, Prec. Amer. Acad. 5: 176. 1862.
Described from Nuevo Leon.
Leaves dilatate-cuneate and 3-lobed or 5-lobed, about 5 em. broad, the lobes
sinuate, glabrate; flowers polygamous; samaras glabrate, the wing 1.5 to
2 em. long.
4. Acer brachypterum Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 146. 1913.
Mountains of Chihuahua and Sonora; type from San Luis Mountains. South-
ern New Mexico.
Tree, 18 meters high or less, the trunk sometimes 70 cm. in diameter, with
spreading crown; leaves 5-lobed, 6 to 8 em. wide, paler beneath and velutinous,
the lobes sinuate or entire; samaras glabrate, the wings about 1.5 ecm.
long.
This is closely related to A. grandidentatum Nutt., of the western United
States and may be only a form of that species. The leaves turn red in autumn.
88. AESCULACEAE. Horse-chestnut Family.
Trees or shrubs; leaves opposite, estipulate, digitately 3 to 9-foliolate, the
leaflets serrate or entire; flowers paniculate or racemose, terminal, polygamous,
irregular; calyx 5-lobed; petals 4 or 5, unequal, clawed; stamens 5 to 8; fruit
a coriaceous capsule, subglobose or 3-lobate, usually 3-celled; seeds one in
each cell.
Calyx lobed nearly to the base; leaves persistent; leaflets 3--____ 1. BILLIA.
Calyx lobed to the middle or less deeply; leaves deciduous; leaflets usually
FOROTH Vt tee ee Se ES erry d alee ita trtl evens ebal ergs _teatresiove | 2. AESCULUS.
1. BILLIA Peyr. Bot. Zeit. 16: 153. 1858.
1. Billia hippocastanum Peyr. Bot. Zeit. 16: 153. 1858.
Aesculus mexicana Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 212.
1880.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 691
Tree; leaves long-petiolate, the leaflets long-stalked, lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, 7 to 20 cm. long, long-acuminate, entire or nearly so, lustrous,
glabrous; panicles shorter than the leaves; calyx 8 to 10 mm. long, puberulent ;
petals deep red, 1.5 to 2 cm. long.
One other species of the genus is known, B. columbiana Planch. & Lind.,
ranging from Guatemala to Colombia.
2. AESCULUS L. Sp. Pl. 344. 1753,
The species which grow in the United States are known by the names “ liorse-
chestnut ” and “ buckeye.” They are mostly large trees and are often planted
for shade. Ramirez reports that Aesculus hippocastanum L. is planted in Mex-
ico and is known as “ castafio de Indias.” The seeds of this species are bitter
and poisonous. They contain much starch, and the bitter principle can be
removed by alcohol or other agents and the starch extracted in an innocuous
condition. The leaves contain a bitter principle, esculin. An extract of the
wood is employed for dyeing silk black. The seeds of Aesculus californica Nutt.
were used as food by the Indians of California, after having been roasted and
the poisonous principle washed from the kernels with water. In the southern
United States the seeds of various species have been used for stupefying fish,
being first ground and mixed with flour, then thrown, into the water. The
roots also have been used as a substitute for soap in washing woolen and cotton
goods.
1. Aesculus parryi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 200. 1882.
Northern Baja California.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaflets obovate or oblong-obovate, 4 to 11 cm.
long, sessile or short-stalked, obtuse, entire or nearly so, tomentulose beneath ;
panicles narrow, 8 to 20 cm. long; calyx 7 to 8 mm. long, tomentose; fruit to-
mentose and somewhat tuberculate.
89. SAPINDACEAE. Soapberry Family.
Tree or shrubs, rarely herbs, often scandent and tendril-bearing; leaves
usually alternate, compound or sometimes simple, usually persistent; flowers
small, usually polygamo-dicecious; sepals 4 or 5, free or connate; petals 3 to
5, or absent; stamens usually 8; fruit capsular, drupaceous, baccate, or sama-
roid, 1 to 4-celled.
Leaves with a terminal leaflet, or sometimes simple.
Plants scandent; leaves often twice compound.
Fruit a 3-winged capsule or of 3 samaras.
Fruit of 3 samaras, the seeds borne above the middle of the samara.
1. SERJANTIA.
Fruit a 8-winged papery capsule, the seeds borne at the middle of the cell.
2. URVILLEA.
Fruit not winged, capsular.
Fruit thin and inflated, the cells loculicidal____.3’. CARDIOSPERMUM.
Fruit thick and hard, not inflated, the cells septicidal.
4, PAULLINIA.
Plants erect; leaves simple or once pinnate.
Fruit not winged.
Fruit indehiscent; flowers small, white or greenish__5. ALLOPHYLUS.
Fruit dehiscent; flowers large, purplish pink___--_-___ 6. UNGNADIA.
692 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Fruit winged.
CAVES CO TID CNN eae me es eet ey eee EEN OE Pc eR 7. THOUINIA.
Leaves simple.
LES EERE 26s) Be 0 ee eee an OR enn a tel TE oa 8. DODONAEA.
ACE UIt-Cellegt a = a te ne ee eee eer ae 9. NEOPRINGLEA.
Leaves pinnate, the terminal leaflet absent.
PS CCUS io TN CCH CO) Tate at ne ee 10. EXOTHEA.
Seeds 1 in each cell.
Fruit dehiscent.
Sepals distin cha. 2. a A ee eee eee 11. CUPANTIA.,
SO) at Sian Oe ee ee ee 12. MATAYBA.
Fruit indehiscent.
FOCUU OL ISU a vate ST AS ees ee ee 13. THOUINIDIUM.
Fruit baccate or drupaceous.
Fruit pubescent, not lobed; leaflets 4-___-_____________ 14. TALISIA.
Fruit glabrous, usually deeply 2-lobed but only one of the carpels de-
veloping; leaflets usually more than 4___________ 15. SAPINDUS.
i. SERJANIA Schumach. Skrivt. Naturh. Selsk. (Kjgbenhavn) 37: 125. 1794.
REFERENCES: Radlkofer, Monographie der Sapindaceen-Gattung Serjania,
pp. 1-392. 1875; Radlkofer, Ergiinzungen zur Monographie der Sapindaceen-
Gattung Serjania, pp. 1-195. 1886.
Seandent shrubs; leaves trifoliolate, 2 or 3 times ternate, pinnate, or bi-
pinnate; flowers polygamous, in axillary racemes, white or whitish; sepals 5,
the outer ones smaller; petals 4; stamens 8; fruit of 3 samaras, these seed-
bearing at the apex.
The stems of some species are used in Central America for making coarse
baskets. All the species are believed to possess narcotic poisonous properties
of varying intensity, and some of them are employed for stupefying fish.
Partition walls (dissepiments) of the fruit broad, nearly as broad as the
fertile portion of the cell, the cells therefore firmly united.
Woody portion of the stem simple, of a single central body.
TC AVES wt TI UL ON ep tye se Bae es oe pd eee 1. S. trifoliolata.
Leaves triternate or bipinnate.
Leaves 3 or 4 times ternate; stems glabrate________ 2. S. cambessediana.
Leaves bipinnate; stems hirsute____________---.______ 3. S. adiantoides.
Woody portion of the stem compound, consisting of a large central portion
and 3 to 5 small outer ones.
Leaves trifolivolate ti! 225. CWer te teeny eri als es Moree 4, S. heterocarpa.
Leaves triternate, pinnate, or bipinnate.
Outer woody bodies of the stem strongly complanate, contiguous. Leaves
| OS) 5 OU7 DH = ek nea en OR ene RR a= tes CR ONEOnY Ser Lats Ee Oa RNS 5. S. insignis.
Outer woody bodies subterete.
Branches acutely angulate, canaliculate; outer fascicles of the wood
not immersed in the central body.
Leaves biternate; branches pilose throughout________ 6. S. impressa.
Leaves 2 or 3 times pinnate; branches pilose only on the angles.
7. S. trachygona.
Branches subterete or obtusely angulate, the outer fascicles more or
Jess immersed in the central body. :
Branches glabrous or the younger ones slightly pubescent. Leaves
biternate, glabrous or nearly so___________ 8. S. brachystachya.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 6938
3ranches densely tomentose or pilosulous with yellowish or sordid
hairs.
Branches very densely tomentose; leaves pinnate.
9. S. schiedeana.
Branches finely tomentulose or pilose; leaves biternate.
Leaflets soft-pilose beneath.
Mauve iroiG about, 2.cm. lOngan seo ee 10. S. triquetra.
Mature truit apoutel em. longa ess 11. S. oaxacana.
iheatleis: subglabrous==2- 24sec 2) eS ee eee es 12. S. goniocarpa.
Partition walls of the fruit narrow, less than half as broad as the fertile
portion, the cells lightly coherent.
Cells of the fruit strongly compressed. Leaves 3-foliolate.
13. S. cardiospermoides.
Cells not or scarcely compressed.
Woody portion of the stem compound, with small separate outer fascicles;
cells of the fruit sulcate or scrobiculate between the nerves.
Leaves 3-foliolate.
Leaflets densely pubescent beneath; fruit pubescent____14. S. plicata.
MeAHet Sie aD TOUS ss eaais Seiwa sae De ee 15. S. rekoi.
Leaves biternate.
Outer sepals glabrous; leaflets subcoriaceous, mostly lance-oblong.
16. S. caracasana.
Outer sepals puberulent or tomentulose; leaflets broader.
Petal Seemingly On othe fete Mae oe RE LEE N pal 17. S. brachylopha.
Petals 3.5 to 5 mm. long.
Outer woody fascicles subterete; branches deeply sulcate; terminal
leaflet obovate or subrhombic_____________ 18. S. paniculata.
Outer fascicles all or partly applanate; branches lightly striate;
Lenminalwleanetc oblong 22s. eke) be 19. S. scatens.
Woody portion of the stem simple, without outer fascicles; cells of the
fruit not suleate or scrobiculate.
Cells of the fruit lenticular; sepals densely white-tomentose. Leaves
biternate.
Branches deeply 5-sulcate, usually aculeolate; scales of the upper petals
with short emarginate crests___________________ 20. S. mexicana.
Branches 5-angulate, unarmed; scales of the upper petals large, bicor-
NiCUlate-Difi Gd se eee overtly “lee Le 21. S. brachycarpa.
Cells inflated, more or less produced beyond the axis; sepals glabrous
or variously pubescent.
Branches 8 to 10-striate or 8 to 10-costate.
Terminal leaflet about 5 cm. long, ovate, elliptic, or subrhombic,
sharply, Serra tek lets & 2 test a Uae eee 22. S. vesicosa.
Terminal leaflet rarely more than 2 cm. long, oblong, ovate-oblong
or spatulate-obovate, coarsely crenate or entire.
Leaflets mostly oblong-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, densely puberu-
LVSVO ENA oVETa VES Tl oe eS Se Re ET ECL Boe RON SS 23. S. palmeri.
Leaflets mostly spatulate-obovate, glabrate______ 24. S. rutaefolia.
Branches 5 or 6-sulcate.
Leaves all or chiefly trifoliolate.
Perminalieater 1.5) tos2) em. longs sae eee tae 25. S. albida.
Terminal leaflet 4 to 8 cm. long.
heatlets serrate’ or Gentates: 2) ele SOME 26. S. grosif.
Leafiets entire, or with a small lobe on each side at the base.
27. S. emarginata.
694 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves biternate or bipinnate.
Leaflets entire.
Leaflets glabrous except along the costa..-__-___ 28. S. flavifiora.
Leaflets pubescent on one or both surfaces.
Leaflets ovate-lanceolate or ovate, very acute.
29. S. subtriplinervis.
Leaflets elliptic or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, the upper ones short-
cuspidate.
Cells of the fruit glabrate__-________ 30. S. fuscopunctata.
Cells of the fruit densely pubescent_____-~~_ 31. S. sordida
Leaflets serrate or dentate.
Leaves biternate.
Plants subherbaceous; fruit suborbicular__32. S. macrococca.
Plants fruticose ; fruit much longer than broad.
Leaflets with few serrations; branches canaliculate-sulcate,
obtusely-anculatel= == .-. ee 33. S. racemosa.
Leaflets closely subduplicate-serrate; branches striate-sul-
cate, subterete__________~ gant Sey apte: 34. S. polystachya.
Leaves pinnate or bipinnate.
Heahlets| Sa brOUSes 5 2 we ee ae 35. S. californica.
Leaflets pubescent beneath.
Fruit broadest toward the apex.
Cells of the fruit longer than bread________ 36. S. incisa.
Cells of the fruit broader than long__87. S. sphenocarpa.
Fruit broadest at the base.
Mature fruit 10 to 12 mm. long; leaflets conspicuously
Crenatenor lODaAte ss ee = ee 38. S. cystocarpa,.
Mature fruit 20 mm. long; leaflets with only a few re-
motevteeth =] se Jae eae ae 39. S. pacifica.
1. Serjania trifoliolata Radlk. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 317. 1895.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Manzanillo, Colima.
Stems glabrous, 6-costate; leaflets ovate-rhombiec to suborbicular, 3 to 8 em.
long, obtuse to acuminate, coarsely serrate-dentate, thin, glabrous; sepals
glabrate ; petals 2.5 mm. long; fruit about 1.5 em. long, glabrous.
2. Serjania cambessediana Schlecht. & Cham, Linnaea 5: 214. 1830.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Stems glabrate, obtusely 6-angulate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, elliptic, ovate,
or rhombic, 0.5 to 4 em. long, obtuse to acuminate, serrate-dentate, glabrous or
nearly so; outer sepals subglabrous, the inner tomentulose; petals 2.5 mm.
long; fruit 2.2 em. long, glabrate.
3. Serjania adiantoides Radlk. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 403. 1898.
Known only from the type locality, Buenavista Xbac, Yucatan.
Stems subherbaceous, hirsute on the angles; leaves subbipinnate, the pinnae
4 pairs. “ Bui.”
4. Serjania heterocarpa Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Monte Alban, Oaxaca (Pringle 5835; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 316723).
Stems pilosulous, obtusely 5-angulate, the woody portion with 3 obtusely
trigonous outer fascicles ; leaves trifoliolate, the leaflets ovate-elliptic or broadly
rhombic, 1.5 to 3 em. long, acute or obtuse, duplicate-dentate, pilosulous on both
surfaces; fruit about 12 mm. long and 17 mm. broad, densely puberulent, the
cells inflated, the wing 2.5 to 4 mm. wide.
The fruit is very different from that of any of the Mexican species seen by
the writer, in its general appearance suggesting that of the genus Paullinia.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 695
5. Serjania insignis Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 331. 1875.
Reported from Mexico, without definite locality. Panama.
Stems puberulent; leaflets elliptic, 9 em. long or less, shortly obtuse-acu-
minate, obscurely dentate, hirtellous on the nerves; outer sepals pubescent,
the inner densely tomentulose; petals 3 mm. long; fruit 2 cm. long, 1.6 cm.
wide, the cells hirtellous or glabrate.
6. Serjania impressa Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 323. 1875.
Known only from the type locality, Valley of Cordoba, Veracruz.
Stems 6-sulcate; leaflets elliptic, 7 cm. long or less, acute or obtuse, crenate-
dentate, pubescent beneath; outer sepals tomentulose; fruit 3 to 3.5 cm. long,
2.8 em. wide, the cells pilose.
7. Serjania trachygona Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 327. 1875.
Campeche. Panama.
Stems acutely 6-angulate; leaflets ovate, oblong, or rhombic, 0.5 to 3.5 em.
long, obtuse or acuminate, incised-dentate or lobate, setulose-pilose on the
nerves; outer sepals hirtellous, the inner tomentulose; petals 3.5 to 4 mm. long.
8. Serjania brachystachya Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 310. 1875.
Colima to Oaxaca; type from San Agustin, Oaxaca.
Stems 6-striate; leaflets rhombic-ovate to rhombic-elliptic, 2 to 5 em. long,
obtuse to short-acuminate, coarsely crenate-dentate, glabrous or nearly so;
outer sepals glabrate, the inner tomentulose; petals 3.5 mm, long; fruit about
2 em. long and nearly as broad, the cells puberulent.
9. Serjania schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 44. 1844.
Jalisco and Morelos and probably elsewhere; type locality not known.
Stems obtusely trigonous; leaflets 5, broadly rhombie to elliptic-oblong, 3 to
5.5 em. long, obtuse or short-acuminate, coarsely crenate, densely pubescent on
both surfaces; sepals tomentose; petals 4 mm. long; fruit about 2.5 em. long
and 2 em. wide, densely pubescent.
10. Serjania triquetra Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 305. 1875.
Morelos, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central America.
Stems trigonous or terete, 6-suleate; leaflets ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 3 to 8
em. long, obtuse to acuminate, coarsely incised-dentate, sometimes lobate,
densely pubescent, especially beneath; petals 4 mm. long; fruit about 2 cm.
long and 1.5 cm. broad. “ Carretilla” (Oaxaca, Guatemala, Seler).
11. Serjania oaxacana Standl., sp. nov.
Type from San Geronimo, Oaxaca (Purpus 6689; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 567063).
Branches obtusely trigonous, tomentulose; leaves biternate, the leaflets
rhombie or rhombic-ovate, 1.5 to 4.5 ecm. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely
incised-crenate and often lobate, glabrate above, densely puberulent beneath ;
outer sepals glabrate, the inner tomentulose; petals 2.5 mm. long; fruit 9 to 12
mm. long, 14 mm. broad, appressed-pilosulous, densely so on the cells.
12. Serjania goniocarpa Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 309. 1875.
Veracruz; type from Mirador.
Stems puberulent, trigonous; leaflets ovate, 10 cm. long or smaller, subobtuse,
coarsely serrate-dentate, puberulent or glabrate; sepals tomentulose; petals
3 mm. long; fruit 2.5 to 3 cm. long and nearly as broad, puberulent, the cells
tomentose.
13. Serjania cardiospermoides Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 418. 1831.
Veracruz and Hidalgo; type collected near Papantla, Veracruz. Central
America.
696 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stems slender, sulcate; leaflets ovate or rhombic, 4 to 8 cm. long, the terminal
one very long-petiolulate, acuminate, with 1 to 3 coarse teeth on each side,
thin, densely puberulent or glabrate; sepals puberulent; fruit glabrate.
14. Serjania plicata Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 167. 1875.
Known only from the original collection, from Yucatéin or Tabasco.
Stems obtusely trigonous, pubescent; leaflets ovate, 8 cm. long or less,
crenate-dentate, soft-pubescent beneath; fruit 4 em. long, 2.4 cm. wide, short-
pubescent, the cells subtomentose.
15. Serjania rekoi Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Las Pilas (Cerro Espino), Oaxaca, altitude 400 meters (Reko
3509; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 842577).
Sap milky; stems glabrous, acutely trigonous, 6-sulcate, the 3 outer fascicles
of wood subterete; leaflets ovate or oblong-ovate, 5 to 7.5 em. long, acuminate,
coarsely Sinuate-serrate, subcoriaceous, lustrous, glabrous; outer Sepals glabrous ;
petals 8 mm. long; fruit about 2 cm. long and nearly as broad, glabrous, the
cells subglobose.
16. Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 465. 1799.
Paullinia caracasana Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schoénbr. 1: 52. pl. 99. 1797.
Guerrero. Central America and South America; type from Caracas, Vene-
zuela.
Stems glabrous, 6 to 8-striate; leaflets mostly lance-oblong, 6 to 15 cm. long,
acuminate, remotely serrate-dentate, subcoriaceous, lustrous, glabrous; petals
4 to 5 mm. long; fruit 2.5 cm. long and nearly as broad, glabrous.
17. Serjania brachylopha Radlk. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 367. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Tequila, Jalisco.
Stems sparsely pilose, 6-sulcate; leaflets ovate-oblong to broadly rhombic,
8 to 5 em. long, acute, Subduplicate-serrate, thin, glabrous or nearly so; outer
sepals puberulent, the inner tomentulose.
18. Serjania paniculata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 86. 1821.
Guerrero. Northern South America; type from Venezuela.
Stems glabrate, 6 to 8-costate; leaflets elliptic to subrhombic, 4 to 7 cm.
long, short-acuminate, coarsely crenate-serrate, thin, barbate beneath in the
axils of the veins; sepals tomentulose; petals 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit about
2 em. long and 1.5 em. wide, the cells densely pilosulous.
19. Serjania scatens Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 2138. 1875.
Reported by Radlkofer from Yucatén or Tabasco. Central America, Vene-
zuela, and Cuba.
Stems subterete, puberulent or glabrate; leaflets oblong, obtuse to acuminate,
distantly crenate, thin, glabrous; sepals tomentulose; cells of the fruit sub-
tomentose.
20. Serjania mexicana (l.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 465. 1799.
Paullinia mexicana L. Sp. Pl. 366. 1753.
Sonora to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America, Jamaica, and northern
South America.
Stems usually aculeate, glabrous or pubescent; leaflets oblong to elliptic,
ovate, or obovate, 4 to 18 cm. long, acuminate to retuse, entire or remotely
dentate, thick, usually glabrous; sepals white-tomentulose; petals 3 mm. long;
fruit 2 to 2.5 em. long and nearly as broad, commonly glabrous. ‘ Quirote
culebra”’ (Sonora, Palmer); ‘ barbasco” (Sinaloa, Guatemala, Honduras) ;
“sierrilla’? (Jalisco); ‘“diente de culebra’” (Sonora); “ cuauhmecatl,”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 697
“cuamecatl” (Nahuatl; sometimes written “quaumecatl’); “ turizo,” “ be-
juco espinoso” (Costa Rica).
The flowers are white and fragrant. The stems are used as a substitute
for rope. The plant is employed in some localities for stupefying fish, and it
is used in Mexico as a remedy for rheumatism and syphilitic affections.
This species or a related one is figured by Hernaindez* and described in a
chapter entitled “De Quauhmecatl Zarsaparilla II. & III.” The people of
“Yameguitlan”’ (Yauhuitlén, Oaxaca ?), he says, call the plant ‘“ Cozticuizti
palancapatli,” and those of Michoacin ‘“ ychuanitzoz.” He states that its
properties are similar to those of sarsaparilla (Smilax spp.).
21. Serjania brachycarpa A. Gray; Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 259. 1875.
Type from Victoria, Tamaulipas. Western Texas.
Stems subhirsute; leaflets ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long,
mucronulate, remotely serrate, villous-tomentose beneath, thin; sepals sub-
tomentose; petals 2.5 mm. long; fruit about 1 cm. long and broad, the cells
puberulent or glabrate.
22. Serjania vesicosa Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 277. 1875.
Known only from Querétaro, the type locality.
Stems ferruginous-tomentose; leaflets ovate, elliptic, or Subrhombic, 5 cm.
long or less, acuminate, sharply serrate, tomentose beneath; sepals tomentose-
pilose; petals 3 mm. long; fruit 1.5 to 1.8 em long, 1.3 cm wide, glabrous.
23. Serjania palmeri S. Wats Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 45. 1889.
Known only from the type locality, Guaymas, Sonora.
Stems densely tomentulose; leaflets 0.5 to 2.5 cm. long, acute or acutish,
mostly entire, finely puberulent on the upper surface; sepals tomentulose; fruit
1.5 to 2 em. long, puberulent.
24. Serjania rutaefolia Radlk. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 316. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Agiabampo, Sonora.
Stems gray-puberulent, terete; leaflets 1 to 2.5 em. long, obtuse or retuse,
entire or incised-dentate, puberulent at first; sepals tomentulose; petals 4.5 mm.
long.
25. Serjania albida Radlk. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 3867. 1895.
. Known only from the type locality, Santa Agueda, Baja California.
Stems 6-angulate, glabrous; leaflets ovate, 1.5 cm. long or less, cbtuse, sub-
trilobate, pale green, glabrous; sepals puberulent.
The fruit is not known, and the generic position of the plant is doubtful.
26. Serjania grosii Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 42. 1844.
Oaxaca and perhaps elsewhere; described from Mexico, the exact locality
not known. Central America.
Stems sparsely pilose or glabrous, 5 or 6-suleate; leaflets ovate or rhombic,
5 to 8 em. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous or pilosulous beneath; sepals
tomentulose or the outer ones glabrate; petals 1.5 to 2 mm. long; fruit glabrous
or nearly so.
The specific name is given incorrectly by Hemsley? as “ grayii.”
27. Serjania emarginata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 84. 1821.
Serjania acapulcensis H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 84. 1821.
Guerrero; type from mountains near La Venta de Tierra Colorada.
Stems glabrous, 5 or 6-sulcate; leaflets ovate, 3 to 4 cm. long, obtuse, glabrous ;
sepals tomentulose; petals 1.8 mm. long; fruit 1.5 em. long and wide, glabrous.
1Thesaurus 289. 1651.
? Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 206. 1880.
698 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
28. Serjania flaviflora Radlk. Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 211. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, Monte Alban, Oaxaca.
Stems glabrous or nearly so; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 5 cm. long or less,
acute or acuminate; outer sepals puberulent, the inner tomentulose; petals 4
mm. long.
29. Serjania subtriplinervis Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 273. 1875.
Michoacéin to Oaxaca; type from Tanetze, Oaxaca.
Stems tomentulose; leaflets ovate to lance-oblong, 2 to 6.5 cm. long, densely
pubescent beneath; sepals tomentose; fruit densely pilose when young.
80. Serjania fuscopunctata Radlk. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 315. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Manzanillo, Colima.
Stems pilosulous or glabrate; leaflets ovate or elliptic-ovate, 3 to 4.5 em.
long; pubescent; sepals canescent-tomentulose; sepals 4 mm. long; fruit 2.7
em. long, 2 em. wide.
31. Serjania sordida Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 272. 1875.
Veracruz. Costa Rica. :
Stems pilosulous or tomentulose; leaflets elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 4 to 10
em. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, often abruptly short-acuminate, glabrate
above, pilosulous beneath ; sepals tomentulose; petals 2.5 mm. long; fruit about
2.5 em. long and 2 cm. wide.
32. Serjania macrococca Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 270. 1875.
Oaxaca.
Stems hirtellous, 5 or 6-sulcate; leaflets ovate or rhombic, 1 to 3 em. long,
acute or obtuse, serrate-dentate, hispid-tomentose beneath; outer sepals
pilosulous, the inner tomentulose; petals 4 mm. long; fruit about 2 cm. long
and broad, sparsely pilose.
33. Serjania racemosa Schumacher, Skrivt. Naturh.-Selsk. (Kjébenhavn) 37:
127: pl. 12, Ff. 8; 1794.
Nuevo Leén to Michoacin, Oaxaca, and Veracruz; type from Veracruz. Cen-
tral America.
Stems glabrous or pubescent, 5 or 6-suleate; leaflets ovate to elliptic, 2 to 7
em. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate, pubescent or nearly glabrous
beneath ; sepals glabrous or tomentulose; petals 2.5 to 3 mm. long; fruit 1.5 te
2.3 em. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, glabrous or nearly so. ‘ Nueve hojas,” “ contra
ranilla de _ bestias,” ‘‘cuaumecate” (Veracruz, Urbina); “tlatlanquaya”
(Puebla, Seler).
34. Serjania polystachya (Turcz.) Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 276. 1875.
Paullinia polystachya Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 827: 268. 1859.
Oaxaca; type from Talea. Guatemala.
Stems tomentulose or glabrate; leaflets ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, 4 to 8
em. long, obtuse to acuminate, thinly tomentose beneath; sepals tomentulose;
petals 3.5 mm. long; fruit 2 to 2.8 em. long, 2 em. wide, the cells densely
puberulent.
35. Serjania californica Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 8: 222. 1878.
Known only from the type locality, Cape San Lucas, Baja California.
Stems glabrous, 6-sulcate; leaflets rhombic or ovate-rhombiec, about 1 em.
long, obtuse, lobate-dentate; sepals glabrate.
The fruit is not known, and the generic position of the plant is doubtful.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 699
36. Serjania incisa Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 47. 1859.
Type from Santa Rosa, Coahuila. Western Texas.
Stems hirtellous or glabrate; leaflets ovate-rhombic, 1 to 3 cm. long, acute,
incised-dentate, puberulent; outer sepals glabrate, the inner puberulent; petals
4 mm. long; fruit 3.5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide, subacute at apex, glabrate.
37. Serjania sphenocarpa Radlk. Monogr. Serjan. 269. 1875.
Known only from the original collection, this probably from Sonora.
Stems pubescent; leaflets lanceolate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, acute, remotely in-
cised-dentate, pubescent ; sepals puberulent ; fruit 1.5 cm. long, 8 to 9 mm. wide,
pubescent.
38. Serjania cystocarpa Radlk. Ergiinz. Monogr. Serjan. 136. 1886.
Serjania inflata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 873. 1882. Not S. inflata
Poepp. & Endl. 1844.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosi; type from Caracol Mountains,
near Monclova, Coahuila.
Stems puberulent; leaflets lance-ovate to ovate-elliptic, 1 to 3.5 ecm. long,
obtuse or acute, crenate or incised-dentate, pilosulous; sepals puberulent; fruit
pilosulous when young, becoming glabrate.
89. Serjania pacifica Standl., sp. nov.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Acaponeta, Tepic (Rose, Standley & Russell
14189; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 637046).
Stems pilosulous, 5-sulcate; leaves bipinnate, the 2 lower pinnae trifoliate,
the 2 upper pairs of leaflets and the terminal one simple; leaflets oblong-ovate,
ovate, or oblong-oval, 2 tec 6 cm. long, obtuse or acute, puberulent beneath,
remotely crenate-serrate or subentire; sepals puberulent; petals 2.5 mm. long;
fruit reddish, 10 to 12 mm. broad, the wings glabrous, the cells thinly hirtel-
lous or glabrate.
2. URVILLEA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 105. 1821.
Seandent shrubs, often with tendrils in the inflorescence and leaf axils;
leaves trifoliolate or biternate, the leaflets toothed and lobed; flowers whitish,
in axillary racemes, irregular, polygamo-dioecious; sepais 5, the 2 outer ones
small; petals 4; stamens 8; fruit thin, 3-angled, the angles winged; seed 1
in each cell.
WEAVE HERITOlOlA te rowusly «mcs li eyes A te per spite ty 8 Artyegs lees 1. U. ulmacea.,
We aveSeOLECrNA te He 2s recrpees plyaye: ete say epee «ees yy aed cee 2. U. biternata.
1. Urvillea ulmacea H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 105. pl. 440. 1821.
Urvillea mexicana A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 38..1852.
Nuevo Leon to Yucatéin, Oaxaca, and Tepic. Western Texas; Central Amer-
ica and northern South America; type from Caracas, Venezuela.
Large scandent shrub; leaflets ovate, rhombic-ovate, or deltoid, 3 to 7.5 cm.
long, acute or acuminate, densely pubescent or tomentose beneath, crenate
and often lobate; racemes long-pedunculate, longer than the leaves; fruit
elliptic, 2 to 3 em. long, narrowed at each end, pubescent or glabrate. ‘“Apaac”
(Yucatin, Maya). —
2. Urvillea biternata Weatherby, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 425. 1910.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Iguala Canyon, Guerrero.
Erect (?) shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets elliptic, acuminate, nearly gla-
brous; racemes shorter than the leaves; fruit glabrous, 2.5 to 3 cm. long, 2 to
2.5 cm. wide.
700 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
3. CARDIOSPERMUM L. Sp. Pl. 366. 1753.
Vines, the stems herbaceous or fruticose; leaves estipulate, biternate or de-
compound, the leaflets coarsely toothed or lobed; flowers racemose or corym-
bose, axillary, the peduncle with 2 tendrils; flowers irregular, polygamo-
dioecious, white or yellowish white; sepals 4 or 5, the 2 outer ones small;
petals 4; stamens 8; fruit inflated, bladder-like, thin, 3-angled.
The species are sometimes cultivated for ornament under the name “ balloon-
vine.”
Mendrilstreduced toishort) spinesves ews eee eae 1. C. spinosum.
Tendrils well developed, coiling.
Sepals 5.
Leaflets crenate or crenate-lobate; fruit obtusely angled__2. C. tortuosum.
Leaflets dissected into narrow lobes; fruit with thin compressed angles.
4. C. dissectum.
Sepals: 4amiee ek es ee ge ee a ee ee 3. C. halicacabum.
1. Cardiospermum spinosum Radlk. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 368. 1895.
Baja California; type from La Paz.
Stems fruticose; leaflets few, 5 to 15 mm. long, lobed or crenate, glabrate;
petals 4 mm. long.
2. Cardiospermum tortuosum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 9. 1844.
Paullinia tortuosa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 2: 74. 1891.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Stems suffrutescent; leaflets rhombic, crenate or lobate, densely pubescent or
glabrate; petals 4 to 6 mm. long; fruit 2 to 3 cm. in diameter.
3. Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Sp. Pi. 366. 1753.
Cardiospermum corindum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 526. 1762.
Cardiospermum pubescens Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 14. 1816.
Cardiospermum coluteoides H. B. KK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 100. 1821.
Cardiospermum hispidum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 101. 1821.
Cardiospermum molle H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 103. 1821.
Cardiospermum microcarpum H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 104. 1821.
Nearly throughout Mexico, at low and middle altitudes. Widely distributed
in tropical regions of both hemispheres.
Stems herbaceous or suffruticose; leaflets very variable in form and pubes-
cence, densely pubescent to glabrous, 1 to 6 cm. long; flowers 4 to 6 mm. long;
fruit 1.5 to 4.5 em. in diameter, glabrous or pubescent. “ Hierba de chivato”
(Tamaulipas); “huevo de gato” (Durango); “ munditos” (Oaxaca).
The roots are said to have diuretic and sudorific properties. This species Is
an extremely variable one and many attempts have been made to segregate
the forms as species, but there seem to be no definite characters by which the
forms can be recognized. Radlkofer considers C. corindwm a distinct species,
but the characters by which he separates it from C. halicacabum are neither
constant nor important. The writer is doubtful of the validity of C. tortuosum
and C. spinosum.
4. Cardiospermum dissectum (S. Wats.) Radlk. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. 8°: 808. 1895.
Urvillea dissecta S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 447. 1886.
Chihuahua; type collected near the city of Chihuahua.
Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaflets small, thinly hispidulous; inflorescence
few-flowered; fruit about 3 cm. broad, lustrous.
The seeds are much larger than in the other species.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 701
4. PAULLINIA L. Sp. Pl. 365. 1753.
REFERENCE: Radlkofer, Monographie der Sapindaceengattung Paullinia, Abh.
Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 19: 71-381. 1896.
Scandent shrubs; leaves pinnate or ternately compound, the leaflets usually
dentate or lobate; flowers polygamo-dioecious, whitish, in axillary, usually
tendril-bearing racemes; sepals 5, unequal; petals 4; stamens 8; fruit capsular,
3-angled or 3-winged, 1 to 3-celled, 1 to 3-seeded.
The crushed seeds of P. cupana Kunth and other South American species
are official in the United States Pharmacopoeia under the name “ guarana.”
They contain about 5 per cent of an alkaloid, guaranine, which is believed to
be identical with caffeine. This is used in medicine for chronic diarrhea.
The Indians of Brazil prepare from the seeds a beverage, which they use like
coffee. They also prepare a fermented drink from the guarana seeds, cassava.
and water. In Jamaica the juice of the leaves of some species was used as a
remedy for heartburn, and the bruised leaves were applied to wounds.
The crushed plants of various species of Pawllinia and of related genera are
often thrown in streams to stupefy fish. It is probably to a plant of this
family that Wells refers* in the following account, which is quoted here as
an excellent description of the procedure followed in tropical America in catch-
ing fish by thé aid of narcotic plants, a very common and widely spread
practice:
“A few days after my arrival at Lepaguare, I rode with Don Toribio to a
place near the junction of the Almendarez and Guayape, where a chilpate
fishing was to take place. On arriving at the river, we found a small party
of natives collected on the banks of the smaller stream, engaged in spreading
withes and a network of branches below a little series of falls or rapids
above which the fish were known to exist in great quantities, especially the
cuyamel, weighing often fifteen pounds when full grown.
“The preparations completed, a few women entered the river about fifty
yards above the rapids, bearing with them a common batea containing a decoc-
tion of a vine pounded to a pulp, and known as the chilpate (possibly the
Sapindus saponaria), and which may be gathered in any required quantity
in the plains and along the banks of the streams. This possesses the singular
quality, when mixed with the waters of a running stream, of stupefying the
fish, causing them to float helplessly on the surface. When carried down the
stream, they are taken by hand from the network below. The signal being
given, this novel fishing apparatus was directed against the inhabitants of
Almendarez. .
“As the pale discoloration extended with the influence of the gentle cur-
rent, my companion shouted to me to watch its effects. All eyes were riveted
upon the water. In a few minutes a commotion was visible beneath the sur-
face, and frequent flaps from the tails of sundry inebriated fish indicated
the working of the drug.
“The natives now ran below the falls to catch the victims who came floating
down, some with fins or tails feebly wagging above the water, others ‘ half-seas
over,’ ‘regularly laid out’ on their backs, and others as if under the effects of
a systematic ‘ drunk,’ struggling against the liquor, and apparently determined
to keep on their fins to the last gasp. There were fish of all sizes, from the
cuyamel down to minnows. It was the most ludicrous, and, at the same time,
strange scene I had witnessed in Olancho, and seemed an unpardonable corrup-
tion of respectable fish from their original teetotal habits.”
*W. V. Wells, Explorations and adventures in Honduras, p. 417. 1857.
702 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Fruit winged.
Inflorescences glomerate in the axils; leaflets acuminate or long-acuminate.
1. P. glomerulosa.
Inflorescence solitary ; leaflets mostly obtuse____-_____-_-____ 2. P. fuscescens.
Fruit not winged.
Mesocarp of the fruit much thickened, fibrous-spongy.
MEAN ety aoe ee ek OS ee 2a ee ee ah eae 3. P. cururu.
Leaflets 5 to 7.
Stems composed of a central woody body and of 1 to 8 smaller outer ones.
4. P. pinnata.
Stems of a single central woody body, without separate outer ones.
Flowers pedicellate; leaf rachis narrowly winged_____ 5. P. clavigera.
Flowers sessile; rachis broadly winged_____________ 6. P. sessilifiora.
Mesocarp of the fruit thin, not spongy-thickened.
Capsule sessile7or subsessile] === == ek ae eee 7. P. tomentosa.
Capsule stipitate.
Leaves pinnate, the leaflets entire____-_-_._-__-___-___-____ 8. P. costata.
Leaves biternate, or the leaflets lobed or parted.
Leaves biternate; leaflets mostly 3 to 8 em. long____9. P. costaricensis.
Leaves various, the lower ones merely ternate or trisect, the upper ones
pinnate; leaflets mostly 1 to 2 cm. long_________10. P. sonorensis.
1. Paullinia glomerulosa Radik. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 19: 257. 1896.
Reported from Mexico by Radlkofer. Panama and Venezuela.
Leaves pinnate; leaflets 2 to 5 pairs, the lowest ones ternate or pinnate, mostly
lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, glabrate; flowers pedicellate; fruit broadly obovate,
sessile, 1 cm. long, glabrate, the wings 2 to 3 mm. wide.
2. Paullinia fuscescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 93. 1821.
Paullinia velutina DC. Prodr. 1: 605. 1824.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Yucatén, Campeche, and Oaxaca. Cuba, Central
America, and northern South America; type from the Amazon River.
Leaves biternate, the leaflets rhombic or oval to lanceolate, 3 to 7 cm. long,
obtusely serrate-dentate, glabrate above, tomentose to glabrate beneath; in-
florescences 5 to 15 cm. long, pedunculate, densely pubescent or glabrate, the
flowers white or yellowish; capsule broadly obovate, 1 to 1.5 em. long, reddish,
pubescent or glabrate. ‘“ Kexak” (Yucatan, Maya); ‘‘ panoquera” (San Luis
Potosi, Veracruz) ; “‘ bejuco costillon”’ (Sinaloa) ; ‘‘campalaca’”’ (Honduras) ;
“bejueco de mulato”’ (Venezuela).
The tough stems are used for binding fences and the framework of huts.
This species has been reported from Mexico as P. barbadensis Jacq.
3. Paullinia cururu L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1007. 1759.
Reported from Mexico by Radlkofer. West Indies, Central America, and
South America.
Petiole winged; leaflets elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 7 to 15 cm. long, obtuse
to acuminate, remotely serrate-dentate, barbate beneath in the axils of the
veins but elsewhere glabrous; flowers white or greenish, pedicellate; fruit
pyriform or clavate, glabrous. ‘ Azucarito” Venezuela); ‘‘ chilmecate’””
(Nicaragua).
4. Paullinia pinnata L. Sp. Pl. 366. 1753.
Guerrero to Oaxaca and Tabasco. West Indies, Central America, South
America, and Africa.
Large vine, nearly glabrous; leaves pinnate, the leaflets 5, ovate to oblong or
lanceolate, 7 to 10 cm. long, usually acute, remotely serrate-dentate, coriaceous ;
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 703
rachis broadly winged; inflorescences solitary; flowers pedicellate; fruit pyri-
form, glabrous, brown or red. ‘“Barbasco” (Tabasco) ; ‘ bejuquillo” (Oaxaca) ;
“azucarito”’ (Cuba) ; “bejuco de costilla” (Porto Rico) ; ‘“ bejuco vaquero ”
(Guerrero).
Said to be known in the British West Indies as ‘“ bread-and-cheese.” The
plant is used in Tabasco and elsewhere for stupefying fish, and the stems are
utilized as a substitute for rope. The bark has a musklike odor, and is said
to contain an alkaloid, timbonine. The leaves have been applied as poultices
for liver affections and the oil from the seeds as an anodyne liniment, while
the plant has been used also as a remedy for gonorrhoea. Some of the Indians
are said to have used the juice to poison their arrows, and it is reported that
in the Antilles the negroes have made use of the seeds for criminal poisoning.
5. Paullinia clavigera Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 239. 1836.
Hidalgo and Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Honduras.
Large vine, nearly glabrous; leaflets 5, elliptic-lanceolate, 6 to 14 cm. long,
acute or acuminate, entire or remotely serrate-dentate; inflorescences solitary ;
fruit pyriform, red, 3 to 4 cm. long, stipitate.
6. Paullinia sessiliflora Radlk. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 317. 1895.
Tepic and Colima; type from Colima.
Leaflets 5, oblong or ovate-oblong, 5 to 18 cm. long, obtuse or acute, remotely
repand-dentate, glabrate or beneath densely pubescent; inflorescences solitary,
tomentulose; fruit pyriform, about 3 cm. long, stipitate, glabrate.
7. Paullinia tomentosa Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 37. 1760.
Paullinia pteropoda DC. Prodr. 1: 605. 1824.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca; type from Veracruz.
Guatemala.
Leafiets 5, the terminal and basal ones sometimes trilobate, ovate to broadly
elliptic, 3 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or acute, thin, coarsely crenate, tomentose
beneath; inflorescences solitary; capsule trigonous-globose, 1 to 1.5 em. long,
tomentose; seeds black. ‘‘ Barbasquillo” (Jalisco) ; “‘barbasco” (Tabasco).
8. Paullinia costata Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 216. 1830.
Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Costa Rica.
Leaflets 5, oblong, ovate, or oval, 6 to 15 em. long, abruptly short-acuminate,
often barbate beneath in the axils of the veins, elsewhere glabrous; racemes
solitary, long-pedunculate; flowers white; fruit depressed-globose, 1 to 1.5 cm.
long, tomentulose; seeds black. ‘“‘ Bejuco de agua” (Oaxaca).
9. Paullinia costaricensis Radlk. Ergiinz. Monogr. Serj. 157. 1886.
Tabasco; reported from Veracruz by Radlkofer. Central America; type from
Costa Rica.
Leaflets elliptic, lanceolate, or rhombic, cbtuse, lobate-dentate, densely pubes-
cent beneath or glabrate; racemes solitary, densely puberulent, 5 to 15 cm.
long; capsule subglobose, about 1 cm. long, puberulent or glabrate; seeds black.
10. Paullinia sonorensis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 45. 1889.
Baja California and Sonora; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Subseandent, 1 meter high or less; leaflets rhombic, ovate, or oblong-ovate,
obtuse, coarsely dentate or lobate, thin, glabrate; racemes solitary, short,
puberulent; capsule depressed-globose, tonentulose, about 1 cm. long.
704 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. ALLOPHYLUS L. Sp. Pl. 348. 1753.
Erect shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, persistent or deciduous, usually
3-foliolate, the leaflets toothed; flowers polygamo-dioecious, in simple or panicu-
late racemes; sepale 4; petals 4; stamens 8; ovary usually 2-celled; fruit
usually of a single dry or fleshy, 1-seeded carpel.
Racemes rarely exceeding the petioles; leaflets large, 9 to 20 cm. long, thin.
1. A. occidentalis.
Racemes usually equaling or longer than the leaves; leaflets mostly 5 to 10 em.
Morn its NAC geste a ae as Pa wel Nie Ot ee EA Ae yb 2. A. cominia,
1. Allophylus occidentalis (Swartz) Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen
20: 230. 1890.
Schmidelia occidentalis Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oce. 2: 665. 1800.
Chiapas. Central America, West Indies, and northern South America.
Shrub; leaflets elliptic or oblanceolate, acuminate, irregularly sinuate-serrate,
sparsely pubescent beneath; racemes pubescent; fruit red, 6 to 8 mm. long,
obovoid, nearly dry. “Palo blanco,’ ‘ quiebra-hacha” (Porto Rico).
2. Allophylus cominia (L.) Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 62. 1788.
Rhus cominia l. Syst. Nat. Veg. ed. 10. 964. 1759.
Schmidelia cominia Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 2: 697. 1800.
Tabasco. Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola.
Shrub, or small tree; leaflets elliptic or obovate, serrulate, pubescent on both
surfaces, densely so beneath, acute or short-acuminate; racemes branched,
densely pubescent; fruit orange or red, 4 mm. long, subglobose, nearly dry.
6. UNGNADIA Endl. Atact. Bot. pl. 36. 1833.
A single species is known.
1. Ungnadia speciosa Endl. Atact. Bot. pl. 36. 1833.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leén. Texas and southern New Mexico.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk 20 cm. in diameter;
bark thin, light gray; leaves alternate, deciduous, pinnate; leaflets 3 to 7,
lanceolate or ovate, 5 to 12 em. long, acuminate, pubescent beneath when young
but soon glabrate; flowers purplish pink, in lateral clusters; calyx deeply
5-lobed; petals 4 or 5, obovate, clawed, nearly 1 cm. long; stamens 7 to 10;
fruit a 3-lobed capsule, about 5 em. thick, 3-valvate; seeds black and lustrous,
1 to 1.5 em. in diameter. ‘“ Monillo” or “monilla” (Chihuahua, Nuevo Leén,
Tamaulipas).
The flowers are sweet-scented. The seeds have a pleasant flavor, but they
are poisonous. Havard states that an adult can eat one or two with impunity,
but three or four produce giddiness and a sensation of heat and discomfort in
the stomach. The seeds are sometimes used by boys as marbles. In Texas
the plant is known as “ Texas buckeye,’ “ Spanish buckeye,” or ‘‘ Mexican
buckeye.”
7. THOUINIA Poit. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 70. 1804.
Erect trees or shrubs; leaves 3-foliolate, the leaflets serrate; flowers small,
symmetric, in lateral panicles; sepals and petals each 4; stamens 8; fruit of 2
or 8 samaras, each of these 1-seeded.
Leaflets densely pubescent beneath, usually obtuse_______------- 1. T. villosa,
Leaflets glabrous beneath, except in the axils of the veins, acute or acuminate.
Fruit glabrous or nearly so; terminal leaflet long-stalked; leaflets closely
CHEM Atesser rat Cleo oars 2 3 he oie ead) ie ee ee 2. T. acuminata.
Fruit finely pubescent; terminal leaflet nearly sessile; leaflets with a few
irrecular remotesteethe = == sees ee eee 8. T. paucidentata.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 705
1. Thouinia villosa DC. Prodr. 1: 612. 1824.
Thouinia pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 145. 1890.
Sonora to Guerrero and Puebla; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 5 meters high, leaflets ovate or rhombic-obovate, 3
to 9 cm long, sessile or nearly so, pubescent on both surfaces, irregularly ser-
rate; panicles equaling or shorter than the leaves; samaras pubescent, about
1.5 em. long.
The specimens referred here agree very well with Sessé & Mocifio’s drawing
of the species, and the writer has little doubt that the two names cited are
synonymous.
2. Thouinia acuminata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 145. 1890.
Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from the barranca near Guadalajara, Jalisco. A
form of the species (var. pubicalyr Radlk.) occurs in Guatemala.
Tree, 7.5 to 12 meters high; leaflets lanceolate or lance-elliptic, 4 to 10 cm.
long, bright green; panicles about as long as the leaves; samaras 12 to 14 mm,
long.
8. Thouinia paucidentata Radlk. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 403. 1898.
Yucatén and Campeche.
Tree, 9 meters high; leaves long-petiolate ; leaflets lanceolate or lance-elliptic,
3 to 5 em. long; panicles racemiform, shorter than the leaves; samaras 10 to 12
mm. long.
8. DODONAEA Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. 19. 1760.
1. Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Enum, Pl. Carib. 19. 1760.
Dodonaea schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 49. 1844.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Nuevo Leén, Mexico, and Chiapas. Widely
distributed in tropical regions.
Shrub, 1 to 5 meters high; leaves linear to oblong-oblanceolate, 4 to 12 em.
long, attenuate to the base, petiolate or sessile, acute to rounded at apex, pube-
scent or glabrous beneath, viscid; flowers yellowish, unisexual, dioecious, in
small lateral corymbs; calyx 3 to 5-lobed; petals none; stamens 5 to 8; fruit
a 3-winged capsule, 3-celled, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. broad, each cell unusually 1-seeded.
“ Ocotillo” (Guanajuato, Hidalgo) ; ‘ chapuliztoli”’ or “ chapulizle”’ (Nahuatl,
from chapul-ichth—grasshopper-+fiber; it is said that the leaves are much
eaten by grasshoppers) ; “ pirimu’ (Michoacan, Tarascan); ‘“ granadina” or
“ grenadina ” (Baja California) ; “ jarilla” (Oaxaca, Morelos) ; “ hierba de la
cucaracha’”’ (Durango, Patoni) ; “ cuerno de cabra’”’ (Oaxaca, Seler) ; “ ayuelo ”
(Colombia) ; ‘‘ chamiso”’ (Porto Rico, Argentina, Uruguay) ; “ gitarin” (Porto
Rico) ; “ varal,” ‘““munditos”’ (Hidalgo).
The species, as is to be expected from its wide range, is a variable one,
especially in leaf form. The form with linear leaves, occurring in northern
Mexico, is D. viscosa angustifolia (L. f.) Benth. The English name is “ switch-
sorrel’; in the Bahamas the name “candlewood” is used. The leaves are
bitter and in various regions are used for fevers, colic, gout, rheumatism,
and venereal diseases. The bark is employed in the preparation of astringent
baths and fomentations, and the decoction of the wood is reported to have
febrifuge properties. The seeds are said to be edible. In Australia the
fruits, known as ‘native hops,’ were formerly much used as a substitute for
true hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in making yeast and beer. The wood is
described as brown, close-grained, and hard, and in India it has been utilized
for engraving, turning, tool handles, and walking sticks.
7808—23——13
706 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. NEOPRINGLEA ’S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 134. 1891.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or crenulate; stipules
setaceous, deciduous; flewers dioecious, fasciculate and racemose, greenish;
staminate flowers with 4 orbicular petals; stamens 12, in 3’s opposite the
petals; pistillate flowers apetalous; fruit 3-winged, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
The genus has been placed by some authors in the Celastraceae and by
others in the Sapindaceae. Its proper position is doubtful.
Leaves conspicuously crenate-serrate, long-acuminate, soon glabrate beneath.
1. N. viscosa.
Leaves entire or nearly so, obtuse or acute, densely pubescent beneath.
2. N. integrifolia.
1. Neopringlea viscosa (Liebm.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 282. 1909.
Llavea viscosa Liebm. Nat. For. Kjoébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1853: 96. 1854.
Dry hillsides, Puebla and Oaxaca.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate, ovate, or elliptic, 3 to 7 cm.
long, thinly pilose when young; staminate inflorescence equaling or shorter
than the leaves; pistillate flowers fasciculate; fruit about 7 mm. long, glabrous,
emarginate at apex.
2. Neopringlea integrifolia (Hemsl.) S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 135, 1891.
Liavea integrifolia Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 6. 1878.
Coahuila to San Luis Potosi, Querétaro, and Hidalgo; type from Zimapén,
Hidalgo.
Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 6 meters high; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 2
to 6 cm. long, pubescent on both surfaces, more densely so beneath; fruit
glabrous, 7 to 9 mm. long. ‘‘Corba-gallina” (Tamaulipas, Palmer).
10. EXOTHEA Macfad. Fl. Jam. 1: 232. 1837.
1. Exothea copalillo (Schlecht.) Radlk. in Engl. & Prantl. Pflanzenfam. 3°:
358. 1895.
Cyrtocarpa copalillo Schlecht. Linnaea 16: 485. 1842.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz.
Small tree; leaves persistent; leaflets usually 4, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 6
to 13 cm. long, obtuse, barbate beneath in the axils of the nerves, otherwise
glabrous; flowers polygamous, tomentulose, in terminal and lateral panicles;
sepals 5; petals 5, 3 mm. long; stamens 8. ‘“ Copalillo” (Veracruz).
Only one other species is known, H. paniculata (Juss.) Radlk., the inkwood,
which occurs in Florida, the West Indies, and Guatemala. FE. copalillo is
closely related and may not be distinct from that species.
11. GUPANTA L. Sp. Pl. 200. 1753.
Erect shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, even-pinnate or simple; flowers poly-
gamo-dioecious, racemose or paniculate, white or greenish; sepals 5; petals 5;
*The genus is named in honor of Cyrus G. Pringle (1838-1911), a native of
Vermont, perhaps the best-known and most industrious of North American
botanical collectors. It has been estimated that during his 35 years of field
work he distributed to the herbaria of the world over 500,000 specimens, rep-
resenting 20,000 species, 12 per cent of which were new to science. His work
in Mexico began in 1882 and extended nearly to the time of his death, during
which period he visited repeatedly nearly all States of the Republic. The
specimens he prepared are noted for their superior quality, and are un-
equaled, probably, by those of any other collector.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 707
stamens 8; fruit a capsule, coriaceous or somewhat fleshy, 2 to 4-lobed; seeds
arillate.
The seeds of some species are edible, and are said to have a flavor like that
of chestnuts. In Guadeloupe a fermented drink has been made from them.
An infusion of the leaves has been employed in the West Indies as a remedy
for affections of the bladder and intestines.
Leaflets 4 or 6, or the leaves simple; capsule thin, deeply lobed.
1. C. macrophylla.
Leaflets usually about 10; capsule thick, shallowly or scarcely at all lobed.
2. C. glabra.
1. Cupania macrophylla A. Rich. Ess. Fl. Cuba 291. 1845.
Tamaulipas and perhaps elsewhere. Cuba (type locality) ; Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree; leaflets oblong, oval-oblong, or obovate-oblong, 5 to 14
cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, entirely or nearly so, glabrous; racemes
simple or paniculate, sparsely puberulent; fruit about 1.5 cm. long. ‘‘Guara
macho,” ‘‘guara colorada” (Cuba); ‘‘carb6én colorado” (Guatemala, Blake).
The Tamaulipas specimens, determined by Radlkofer, are noteworthy be-
cause nearly all their leaves are simple.
2. Cupania glabra Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 61. 1788.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Southern Florida, Cuba, Jamaica, Porto
Rico, and Costa Rica.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 12 meters high; leaflets mostly oblong, 7 to 16
cm. long, rounded at apex, entire or crenate-serrate, glabrous or at first sparsely
pubescent beneath ; panicles puberulent, often equaling or exceeding the leaves;
capsule brown, 12 to 15 mm. long. ‘“ Guara blanca,” “ guara de costa” (Cuba) ;
“huanchal” (Oaxaca).
The wood is said to be hard, compact, heavy, and red.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CUPANIA AMERICANA L. Sp. Pl. 200. 1753. This has been reported from
Tabasco and Veracruz, but the writer has seen no specimens. The plant is
similar to C. glabra, but has copiously pubescent leaves. In Tabasco it is
said to be known as “ chich6n colorado.”
CUPANIA EXCELSA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 125, 1821. Type collected be
tween Mazatlan and Zumpango, Guerrero.
12. MATAYBA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 331. 1775.
Erect shrubs or trees; leaves alternate or opposite, persistent, pinnate;
flowers in terminal and lateral panicles; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5; stamens 8;
fruit a capsule, acutely or obtusely 3-angulate.
Leaflets conspicuously crenate-serrate, rounded or retuse at apex; leaves alter-
DESY SS SI 2 PR Sele tS nee ee PE Rea a i RY eee 1. M. scrobiculata.
Leaflets entire or nearly so, usually narrowed at the apex; leaves mostly oppo-
Milo ie ee A SORE fede ORY ERP Nope Ce 2. M. apetala.
1. Matayba scrobiculata (H. B. K.) Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Mtinchen
9: 627. 1879.
Cupania scrobiculata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 127. 1821.
Colima and Guerrero. Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela; type
from Turbaco, Colombia.
Tree, about 7.5 meters high; leaflets 4 to 8, oblong or obovate-oblong, 6 to
12 cm. long, coriaceous, glabrous; panicles equaling or longer than the leaves,
minutely puberulent; flowers greenish yellow, sweet-scented.
708 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The leaves are provided beneath with small shelters (for parasites?) in the
axils of the nerves.
2. Matayba apetala (Macfad.) Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Mtinchen 9:
535. 1879.
Cupania apetala Macfad. Fl. Jam. 1: 162. 18387.
Veracruz. Ruatin Island; Cuba and Jamaica (type locality).
Tree, sometimes 12 meters high; leaflets 4 to 8, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 5
to 10 em. long, usualy obtuse-acuminate, glabrous; panicles equaling or shorter
than the leaves, puberulent ; capsule stipitate, 1 to 1.5 em. broad. ‘ Doncella”
(Porto Rico).
13. THOUINIDIUM Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Mtinchen 8: 267. 1878.
Erect shrubs or trees; leaves even-pinnate, the leaflets coriaceous, entire or
serrate; flowers small, regular, in terminal panicles; sepals and petals each 5;
stamens 8 or 10; fruit of 2 or 3 laterally compressed, 1-seeded samaras.
Leaflets 6 to 14, serrate, acuminate, glabrous or nearly so____1. T. decandrum.
Leaflets 2 or 4, entire, rounded at apex velvety-pilose beneath____2. T. insigne.
1. Thouinidium decandrum (Humb. & Bonpl.) Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss.
Miinchen 8: 284. 1878.
Thouinia decandra Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 198. pl. 56. 1808.
Thouinia riparia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 186. 1915.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Guatemala to Nicaragua.
Slender tree, 4.5 to 9 meters high; bark smooth, gray; leaflets coriaceous,
linear-lanceolate, 6 to 12 em. long, often subfalcate, finely reticulate-veined ;
flowers white, about 3 mm. long, in large broad panicles; samaras about 4 em.
long. glabrous. ‘‘Charapo” (Michoacan, Guerrero); ‘“panalillo” (Sinaloa).
2. Thouinidium insigne (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Thouinia insignis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 384. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, Santa Lucia, Puebla.
Shrub or small tree, 4 to 5 meters high; leaflets oblong, 5 to 10 em. long,
coriaceous ; panicles thyrsiform, 6 to 15 cm. long; petals yellowish white, 6 mm.
long; samaras about 4.5 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, the wing shorter than the
body.
14. TALISIA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 349. 1775.
1. Talisia olivaeformis (H. B. K.) Radlk. Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Mtinchen 8:
342. 1878.
Melicocca olivaeformis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 130. 1821.
Chiapas and Yucatin. Colombia; type from Turbaco.
Tree, 18 meters high; leaves persistent; leaflets 4, elliptic, 4 to 15 em. long,
acute or obtuse, glabrous; flowers paniculate, puberulent; sepals 5; petals 5;
stamens 8; fruit elliptic, 1-celled, about 2 cm. long, pubescent. ‘“ Guayo”
(Yucatan) ; “uayum” (Yucatin, Maya) ; ‘'mamén de mico” (Colombia).
The fruit is edible.
15. SAPINDUS L. Sp. Pl. 367. 1753.
1. Sapindus saponaria L. Sp. Pl. 367. 1753.
Sapindus marginatus Willd. Enum. Pl. 432. 1809.
Sapindus inaequalis DC. Prodr. 1: 608. 1824.
Sapindus drummondii Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 281. 1836-39.
Sapindus amolli Sessé & Moc. Pl. Noy. Hisp. 60. 1887.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 709
Nearly throughout Mexico; at low and middle altitudes, Widely distributed
in the warmer parts of the western hemisphere.
Tree, sometimes 16 meters high, with a trunk 60 cm. in diameter, the top
broad and dense; bark gray, fissured and flaky; leaves pinnate; leaflets 5 to
17, linear-lanceolate to oblong, 5 to 18 cm. long, pubescent or glabrate, obtuse
to long-acuminate; flowers whitish, about 4 mm. broad, dioecious or polyga-
mous, in large terminal panicles; sepals and petals each 5; ovary 2-celled,
only one of the cells developing ; fruit a 1-seeded berry, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter,
with yellow translucent pulp; seed brown; wood light brown, dense, the specific
gravity about 0.80. ‘“ Jaboncillo” (Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, Durango,
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Cuba, Porto Rico); “palo
blanco” (Chihuahua); “ matamuchacho” (Sonora); ‘“ tehuistle,’ “ tehoitzli,”
“tehuixtle,” or ‘“ tehuiztle” (Nahuatl) ; “ jamoncillo” (Durango, a corruption
of jaboncillo, Patoni); ‘‘amole de bolita” (various localities) ; ‘ yamolli,”
“vyamole” (Nahuatl; the fruit); “palo de cuentas,” “pipe,” ‘ pipal”
(Oaxaca); “amole” (Chihuahua); “bibi” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ;
“cholulo,” “gualulo” (Oaxaca, Reko); “boliche” (Sinaloa); “ devanador ”
(Veracruz, Seler) ; “ para-para” (Venezuela) ; “ palo jaboén” (Argentina).
The fruits contain as much as 387 per cent of saponin, and when macerated
in water they produce suds like soap. They are much used in Mexico and
other regions for washing clothes. ‘The seeds are used for necklaces and
rosaries, and they are said to have been used in England as buttons on
waistcoats. The wood is of little use except for fuel. The fruit has been
used as a febrifuge and for rheumatism and kidney diseases. It is said to
be used also for stupefying fish. The fruits of some of the African species are
edible, but their seeds are reputed poisonous. The tree is described by Oviedo
(Lib. IX, Cap. V), who calls the seeds “‘ cuentas del xab6n.”
Sapindus saponaria is a variable species, and some writers would divide the
Mexican material into two or more species. To the present writer none of the
forms appear to be of specific value. In the typical form of the species the
rachis is broadly winged, but in the more common Mexican form the rachis is
exalate or narrowly marginate. The latter is S. saponaria f. inaequalis (DC.)
Radlk.
90. SABIACEAE. Sabia Family.
1. MELIOSMA Blume, Cat. Gew. Buitenzorg 10. 1823.
REFERENCE: Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 503-518. 1900.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, simple or pinnate; flowers perfect or
polygamo-dioecious, in compound racemes; sepals 5, rarely 3; petals 5, the
3 outer ones broad, imbricate, the 2 inner ones narrow; stamens 3, opposite the
outer petals; fruit drupaceous, the stone osseous, 1-celled, 1-Seeded.
LUGE NESE TOMO DE WEY S) OF a ae a ee eae 1. M, alba.
Leaves simple; sepals 5.
Flowers pedicellate ; leaves mostly 10 to 15 cm. long or smaller
WCE COMCCISED CC tse ek a oe ne 8 a Ee ep 2. M. dentata.
IBS SS Grn ie ee a ee ee eee 3. M. oaxacana.
Flowers sessile; leaves 20 to 30 em. long_________________ 4. M. grandifolia.
1. Meliosma alba (Schlecht.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 816. 1848.
Millingtonia alba Schlecht. Linnaea 16: 295. 1842.
Kingsboroughia alba Liebm. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1850: 67. 1851.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Jalapa, Veracruz.
710 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaflets 5 to 18, opposite, ovate-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, 10 cm. long or
less, petiolulate, acuminate, serrate, pubescent at first, especially beneath;
flowers pedicellate; petals 1.3 to 1.7 mm. long. “ Palo blanco.’
2. Meliosma dentata (Liebm.) Urban, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 13: 212. 1895.
Lorenzanea dentata Liebm. Nat. For. Kj6benhayn Vid. Medd. 1850: 70. 1851.
Jalisco to Oaxaca, Mexico, and Veracruz; type from Pico de Orizaba.
Tree, 7.5 to 12 meters high; leaves obovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 to
6 cm. wide, acuminate, remotely spinulose-serrate, pubescent beneath at first,
soon glabrate; petals 3 mm. long; fruit 9 to 10 mm. long.
8. Meliosma oaxacana Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Sierra San Felipe, Oaxaca, altitude 2,400 meters (Pringle 5720;
U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 316725).
Small tree, the branchlets densely hirsutulous; petioles 5 to 8 mm. long;
leaf blades narrowly lance-oblong, 4.5 to 10.5 em. long, 1.8 to 2.5 em. wide,
acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, entire, coriaceous, puberulent above along
the nerves, pale beneath, fulvous-hirsutulous along the prominent costa and
“merves; panicles axillary and terminal, long-pedunculate, about equaling the
leaves, brownish-hirtellous; pedicels stout, 1 to 2 mm. long; sepals 5, suborbi-
cular, ciliate but otherwise glabrous.
4. Meliosma grandifolia (Liebm.) Urban, Bericht. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 18: 211.
1895.
Lorenzanea grandifovia Liebm. Nat. For. Kjé6benhavn Vid. Medd. 1850: 73.
1851.
Known only from the type locality, near Cuesta de a Distrito de
Chinantla, Oaxaca, altitude 1,300 to 1,700 meters.
Leaves obovate-oblong, 8 to 11 cm. wide, short-acuminate, entire, pubescent,
especially beneath; panicles axillary; fruit 21 to 24 mm. long, 18 to 22 mm.
thick.
91. RHAMNACEAE. Buckthorn Family
Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, often armed with spines; leaves
simple, usually stipulate, entire or toothed; flowers perfect or polygamo-dioe-
cious, small, commonly greenish, usually in axillary cymes, calyx 4 or 5-lobate;
petals 4 or 5 or none, cucullate or involute, sessile or clawed; stamens 4 or 5,
opposite the petals; fruit 1 to 4-celled, capsular or drupaceous.
Plants with tendrils; ovary inferior; fruit longitudinally winged.
1. GOUANTA.
Plants without tendrils; ovary superior; fruit not winged.
Fruit drupaceous, with a single 1 to 4-celled stone.
Thea ves: dpa ery els at as a yy i ee 2. ZIZYPHUS.
Leaves pinnate-nerved, or at least not triplinerved.
Leaves alternate or fasciculate.
Margins of leaves strongly revolute__________ 8. MICRORHAMNUS.
Margins of leaves not revolute______________--____--_ 4. CONDALIA.
EAVES: SUDOPPOSILe= ae Shs. Lee eee 5. KARWINSKETA.
Fruit capsular, or drupaceous but containing 2 to 4 distinct or only slightly
coherent stones.
Leaves minute and soon deciduous; branchlets spinose, opposite.
6. ADOLPHIA.
Leaves well developed, persistent; branchlets not spinose or, if so, alter-
nate.
Leaves each with 2 glands on the lower side near the base of the blade.
7. CORMONEMA.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 711
Leaves without glands.
Cells of the fruit dehiscent; leaves usually alternate.
Petals greenish or yellowish_-_____-_______________ 8. COLUBRINA.
Retalsawhite,spink:, or, blpes 28.28 a eet 9. CEANOTHUS.
Cells of the fruit indehiscent; leaves opposite or subopposite.
Flowers sessile, in large panicles______-__________ 10. SAGERETIA.
Flowers pedicellate, solitary or umbellate in the leaf axils.
11. RHAMNUS.
1. GOUANTA Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 263. 1763.
Shrubs, usually scandent, with tendrils in the inflorescence; leaves alternate,
petiolate, toothed, pinnate-nerved or triplinerved; flowers small, polygamous,
in long, terminal and axillary racemes or spikes; calyx 5-lobate, adherent
to the ovary; petals 5; stamens 5; fruit coriaceous, inferior, 3-winged, the
3 cocci indehiscent, separating from the axis.
Stipules persistent, reniform, large, leaflike; leaves glaucescent beneath, glab-
SR UT ae ae ale i ea Re es ee 1. G. stipularis,
Stipules deciduous, linear or subulate; leaves not glaucescent beneath, hairy,
at least on the nerves.
Leaves glabrous beneath except along the nerves___________ 2. G. lupuloides.
Leaves densely pubescent beneath, between as well as upon the nerves.
Mature fruit narrowly winged, the wings about 1 mm. wide.
3. G. mexicana.
Mature fruit broadly winged, the wings 5 mm. wide or larger.
Axis; of the fruit about Ss mm, longs 2) 2 -s Sae 4. G. polygama.
Axisiof thetiruit5' tol Gimm long! 25) | Sede te so _saaie 5. G. conzattii.
1. Gouania stipularis DC. Prodr. 2: 39. 1825.
Phylica scandens Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 39. 1887.
Gouania mexicana Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 259. 1896. Not G. mexicana Rose,
1895.
Guerrero; reported from Yucatin and Oaxaca.
Branches glabrous, glaucescent; leaves slender-petiolate, oblong-elliptic or
elliptic-ovate, 9 to 18 cm. long, subcordate at base, obtuse-acuminate at apex,
thin, nearly entire; flowers densely pilosulous.
Sessé and Mocifio give the locality of Phylica scandens as Apatzingan, Guer-
rero, and that is doubtless the type locality also of Gouania stipularis.
2. Gouania lupuloides (L.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 378. 1910.
Banisteria lupuloides L. Sp. Pl. 427. 1753.
Rhamnus domingensis Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 17. 1760.
Gouania domingensis L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1663. 1763.
Chihuahua to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Chiapas, and Sinaloa. South-
ern Florida, West Indies, and Central America.
Stems 3 to 10 meters long, glabrous or nearly so; leaves short-petiolate.
lance-oblong to broadly ovate-elliptic, 4.5 to 11 em. long, acute or acuminate,
rounded or subeordate at base, remotely and coarsely serrate or subentire;
racemes 10 to 40 cm. long; flowers white or greenish white, densely pubescent ;
fruit 7 to 12 cm. broad, glabrous or nearly so. ‘ Xomak” (Yucatéin, Maya) ;
“bejuco lefiatero,” ‘“ jaboncillo bejuco” (Cuba); ‘“rabo de mono” (Nica-
ragua) ; ‘‘ bejuco de indio ” (Santo Domingo).
In the British West Indies the plant is known as “ chewstick,’”’ pieces of the
stem being sometimes chewed to heal and harden the gums and to cleanse the
teeth. A decoction of the plant also is employed to harden the gums, and the
+19 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
dried and powdered stems are employed in making dentifrices, having been
exported to Europe for this purpose. The stems are bitter, and they were
formerly used in Jamaica as a substitute for hops in brewing beer. The
leaves have been employed for dropsy and affections of the stomach. The
flowers are much frequented by bees.
8. Gouania mexicana Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 314. 1895.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Culiacin, Sinaloa.
Slender scandent shrub with tomentulose branchlets; leaves slender-petiolate,
ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic or broadly ovate, 6 to 9 cm. long, acute, rounded
or subcordate at base, densely pubescent on both surfaces, irregularly serrate;
fruit 4 to 6 mm. broad, densely tomentose.
4. Gouania polygama (Jacq.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 378. 1910.
Rhamnus polygama Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 17. 1760.
Gouania tomentosa Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 263. 1763.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. West Indies, Central
America, and northern South America.
Stems densely tomentulose; leaves elliptic, broadly ovate, or ovate-elliptic,
5.5 to 11 cm. long, obtuse and abruptly short-acuminate, usually subcordate
at base, coarsely crenate or serrate, thinly or densely tomentose beneath; fruit
10 to 12 mm. broad, tomentose or in age glabrate. “ Jaboncillo” (Panama).
The bark is said to contain saponin.
5. Gouania conzattii Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 257. 1907.
Guerrero to Oaxaca and Puebla; type from Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca,
altitude 1,700 meters.
Stems tomentulose or glabrate; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-elliptic, 5 to 9
em. long, acute or short-acuminate, subcordate at base, thinly tomentulose be-
neath, irregularly crenate; fruit 8 to 13 mm. wide, glabrate. ‘ Espumilla”
(Guatemala) ; “ enredadera ” (Oaxaca, Conzatti).
Perhaps only a form of G. polygama.
2. ZIZYPHUS Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 304. 1763.
Trees or shrubs; stipules often developing into spines; leaves alternate or
opposite, 3-nerved, deciduous; flowers in axillary cymes; calyx 5-lobate; petals
5, cucullate; stamens 5; fruit drupaceous, the stone 1 to 3-celled.
Zizyphus sativa Gaertn. is cultivated in southern Europe for its edible fruit.
Z. jujuba Lam., the jujube, also is cultivated for its fruit, from which is
obtained the jujube paste used in confectionery.
Leaves cuspidate-acuminate______~_ ee ee ee 4. Z. acuminata.
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex.
Inflorescence pubescent; leaf blades cordate or rounded at base; branches
PT OOI yt gee eel Bd a a eh ge oa 1. Z. sonorensis.
Inflorescence glabrous; leaf blades often cuneate at base; branches brown.
MOAVES OntOy tp CMs LOM Oh = Se ee es 2 gs ee 2. Z. mexicana.
IPpavese toi Cit. ] ON ge ee ee 3. Z. pedunculata.
1. Zizyphus sonorensis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 44. 1889.
Zizyphus seleri Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 51: 29. 1909.
Zizyphus endlichii Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 296. 1910.
Baja California and Sonora to Jalisco and Oaxaca; type from Guaymas,
Sonora.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 12 meters high, the younger branches green and
often geniculate, armed with long stout spines; trunk bark grayish; leaves
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 713
ovate to orbicular-ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, entire or
remotely crenate, densely pubescent or nearly glabrous; cymes long-peduncu-
late, equaling or longer than the leaves; fruit globose, red, about 1 em. in
diameter. ‘‘ Nanche de la costa” (Sinaloa); “‘amole dulce” (Oaxaca).
The fruit of this and the next species is used as a substitute for soap in
washing clothes.
2. Zizyphus mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 315 1895.
Colima to Oaxaca; type from Armeria, Colima.
Tree, 4.5 to 7.5 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves mostly oblong,
8 to 7 em. long, entire or crenate, reticulate-veined ; cymes umbelliform, few-
flowered, shorter than the leaves; fruit 12 to 15 mm. in diameter, globose.
“Amole” (Colima).
3. Zizyphus pedunculata (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Condalia pedunculata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 384. 1909.
Type from Barranca de Tlacuilosto, San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Spiny shrub with brown branches; leaves mostly opposite, short-petiolate,
oblong to oval, bright green, rounded at apex, entire or nearly so, glabrate;
inflorescence few-flowered; flowers about 5 mm. broad.
Condalia seleri Loesener,’ described from Tecomavaca, Oaxaca, is apparently
a synonym, and it may be that both names refer only to a small-leaved form of
Z. mexicana.
4, Zizyphus acuminata Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 78. 1844.
Type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Costa Rica.
Branches armed with short stout spines, brown; leaves elliptic or oblong-
elliptic, 10 to 18 em. long, serrate above, glabrous.
3. MICRORHAMNUS A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 34. 1852.
1. Microrhamnus ericoides A. Gray, Pl. Wright, 1: 34. 1852.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Zacatecas. Western Texas; type from valley of
Pecos River.
Densely branched shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high, glabrous, the branchlets
spinose; leaves alternate and fasciculate, linear or oblong, 3 to 6 mm. long,
persistent, the margins strongly revolute; flowers yellow, pedicellate; calyx
5-lobate; petals 5, cucullate, clawed; fruit an ovoid drupe, 5 to 7 mm. long,
1-celled. ‘“Abrojo” (Durango) ; “ tecomblate”’ (Durango, Chihuahua).
4. CONDALIA? Cav. Anal, Ciene. Nat. 1: 39. 1799.
Shrubs or small trees, the branches usually spinose; leaves alternate, pin-
nate-nerved, coriaceous, deciduous; flowers axillary, solitary or fasciculate;
ealyx 5-lobate; petals 5 or none; stamens 5; fruit drupaceous, the stone
1-celled.
Petals none.
MGAVENTO! LO NL OMS WIG = ee eee ak eee eee ee eee 1. C. obovata.
Leaves less than 5 mm. wide.
Lateral nerves of the leaves very conspicuous beneath, broad and coarse.
2. C. spathulata.
Lateral nerves slender and inconspicuous______________-__ 3. C. mexicana.
*Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 9: 355. 1911.
?7In honor of Antonio Condal, a native of Barcelona, who accompanied the
scientific expedition, under the direction of the Swedish botanist, Peter Loefling,
sent by the Spanish Government to explore its South American possessions.
714 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Petals present.
Inflorescence a sessile umbel, or the flowers solitary ; fruit short-beaked.
Pedicels glabrous; leaves pale beneath__=.-—+=-—_-=—----—»=—— 4. C. parryi.
Pedicels pubescent; leaves green beneath______---__-------- 5. C. lloydii.
Inflorescence a short-pedunculate umbel; fruit not beaked.
Leaves green beneath, somewhat 3-nerved at base____-~-__~ 6. C. obtusifolia.
Leaves pale beneath, pinnate-nerved__-___________________ 7. C. lycioides.
1. Condalia obovata Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 287. 1840.
Nuevo Leén and Tamaulipas. Western Texas.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk 20 cm. in
diameter; bark thin, brown, ridged; leaves broadly spatulate, 1 to 2.5 em. long,
rounded at apex, petiolate, entire, glabrate; flowers green, solitary or fascicu-
late, nearly sessile; fruit dark blue or nearly black, 6 mm. long, with sweet
flesh; wood hard and dense, red, its specific gravity about 1.20. ‘“ Brasil”
(Tamaulipas, Texas) ; ‘‘capulin’”’ (Nuevo Le6én) ; “ capul negro” (Texas).
The wood yields a blue dye. The fruit, like that of other species, is edible
and is said to make good jelly.
The writer has seen no material of C. obovata angustifolia Loesener,’ de-
scribed from Sinaloa, where it is said to be known as ‘“ mezquitillo.” It prob-
ably should be referred to some other species.
2. Condalia spathulata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 32. 1852.
Baja California to Sonora, Sinaloa, Zacatecas, Tamaulipas, and Coahuila.
Western Texas to southern California; type collected in Texas on the Rio
Grande.
Densely branched shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with slender spinose branchlets ;
leaves narrowly spatulate, 5 to 10 mm. long, obtuse, petiolate, glabrous or pubes-
cent; flowers pedicellate, solitary or fasciculate; fruit short-beaked, 4 to 5 mm.
long, black or purplish, bitter. ‘“ Chamis” (Zacatecas) ; “ abrojo,” “ tecom-
blate”’ (Durango).
3. Condalia mexicana Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 471. 1841.
Chihuahua and Coahuila to San Luis Potosi, Querétaro, Hidalgo, and Puebla ;
type from Zimapan, Hidalgo. Southern Arizona.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with stout spinose branches; leaves obovate or
oblanceolate, 5 to 12 mm. long, rounded at apex, short-petiolate, entire, pubescent
or glabrate; flowers nearly sessile in the axils; fruit 4 to 6 mm. long, short-
beaked. “ Bindé” (San Luis Potosi, Ramirez).
4. Condalia parryi (Torr.) Weberb. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 404.
1895.
Zizyphus parryi Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 46. 1859.
Baja California. Southern California; type from San Felipe.
Densely branched shrub, 0.5 to 4.5 meters high, densely armed with stout
spines, glabrous throughout; leaves obovate or elliptic, 8 to 15 mm. long, short-
petiolate, rounded at apex, entire; pedicels 4 to 6 mm. long; fruit ovoid, 1 to
1.5 em. long, yellowish red.
The Coahuilla Indians of southern California pounded the fruit into a coarse
meal which was mixed with water to make atole.
5. Condalia lloydii Standl., sp. nov.
Type from foothills, Cedros, Zacatecas (Lloyd 71; U. S. Nat. Herb. no.
574037).
ee Ee ES ee
1Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 297. 1910.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 715
Shrub with stout spinose branchlets; leaves fasciculate, short-petiolate, the
blades oblong or elliptic, 6 to 12 mm, long, rounded at base and apex, entire or
nearly so, bright green and pubescent on both surfaces; flowers fasciculate, the
slender pedicels 3 to 4 mm. long; calyx pubescent, the lobes deltoid; petals
equaling the calyx lobes. ‘“ Garrapata.”
6. Condalia obtusifolia (Hook.) Weberb. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°:
404. 1895.
Rhamnus obtusifolia Hook.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 685. 1840.
Zizyphus obtusifolia A. Gray, Gen. Fl. Amer. 2: 170. 1849.
Tamaulipas. Western Texas.
Densely branched shrub with stout spinose branchlets, these covered with
pruinose flaky epidermis; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or elliptic, 6 to 20 mm.
long, obtuse or acute, thin, glabrate, entire or serrate; inflorescence villosulous ;
fruit subglobose, black, 8 mm. in diameter. ‘“Abrojo,” ‘“‘chaparro prieto”
(Tamaulipas).
The fruit is edible but of poor quality. The roots are employed in Tamau-
lipas as a substitute for soap, and a decoction of them is applied to sores on
horses.
7. Condalia lycioides (A. Gray) Weberb. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam, 3°:
404, 1895.
Zizyphus lycioides A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 168. 1850.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Nuevo Leon, San Luis Potosi, and Zacatecas ;
type collected between Matamoros, Coahuila, and Mapim{i, Durango. Western
Texas to southern California.
Densely branched shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branchlets spinose, whitish ;
leaves oblong, oval, or ovate, 5 to 25 mm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex,
entire or serrate, thin, pubescent or glabrate; fruit 6 to 8 mm. long, black.
“Clepe” (Tamaulipas); “crucillo” (Tamaulipas, Coahuila); “ garrapata”
(Zacatecas) ; “ barchatas” (Sonora) ; “ garambullo” (Durango, Patoni).
The typical form is glabrate. C. lycioides canescens (A. Gray) Trel.* is a
form with pubescent leaves. C lycioides microphylla Loesener,’? described
from Coahuila, is a form with small narrow leaves. The fruit is edible. The
root bark is used as a soap substitute. The Pimas of Arizona employed a
decoction of the root as a remedy for sore eyes.
5. KARWINSKIA*® Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 349. 1832.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves subopposite, sessile or petiolate, entire, pinnate-
nerved, pellucid-punctulate; flowers axillary, solitary or in cymes or umbels;
calyx 5-lobate, the lobes acute; petals 5, cucullate; stamens 5; fruit drupa-
ceous, apiculate, the stone 1 or 2-celled.
*In A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 403. 1897. Zizyphus lycioides canescens A. Gray ;
Rothr. in Wheeler, Rep. U. 8S. Surv. 100th Merid. 6: 82. 1879.
* Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 296. 1910.
*The genus was named for Wilhelm Friedrich yon Karwinski, a Bavarian,
who spent many years in Brazil. In 1826 he was sent by a society at Diissel-
dorf to Mexico to collect objects of natural history. He remained five years
in Mexico, most of the time in Oaxaca, although he collected also in Hidalgo
and probably in Mexico. He forwarded to Europe many living plants, espe-
cially Cactaceae and Agaves. In 1840 he revisited Mexico on behalf of the
Russian Government and obtained collections which were sent to St. Peters-
burg. He died at Munich in 1855.
716 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
eaves’ sessile; cordate at base 2) os) 28 1. K. umbellata.
Leaves petiolate, rounded or obtuse at base.
Flowers densely pubescent; leaves pubescent beneath.
Nerves impressed on the upper surface of the leaf; leaves finely and densely
puberulent abovesc2a. S48 Se a ed ee ES 2. K. mollis.
Nerves not impressed; leaves glabrate above____--__------ 3. K. pubescens,
Flowers glabrous; leaves glabrous beneath.
Petioles 1 to 3 cm. long; leaves mostly 3 to 5.5 cm. wide, usually rounded and
MIUCKONATE' abeaApCxer eS San a eee a ee 4. K. latifolia.
Petioles less than 1 em. long, usually less than 7 mm.; leaves mostly 1 to 2
em. (rarely 3 cm.) wide, not conspicuously mucronate.
5. K. humboldtiana.
1. Karwinskia umbellata (Cay.) Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 460. 1841.
Rhamnus umbellata Cay. Icon. Pl. 6: 2. pl. 504. 1801.
Karwinskia sessilifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 461. 1841.
Michoacin and Guerrero; type collected between Chilpancingo and Rio Azul,
Guerrero.
Glabrous shrub or small tree, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaves elliptic-ovate, 4 to
8 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, the transverse veins very prominent
beneath; umbels pedunculate, few-flowered ; flowers green; fruit 7 to 8 mm. in
diameter.
2. Karwinskia mollis Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 461. 1841.
Querétaro, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type from Barranca de Santa
Maria.
Shrub; branches densely pilosulous; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to elliptic,
1.5 to 4.5 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, finely and densely pubescent on
both surfaces, the lateral nerves close and parallel, very prominent beneath;
umbels usually sessile, often reduced to a single flower; fruit 7 to 9 mm. in
diameter.
8. Karwinskia pubescens Standl., sp. nov.
Baja California and Sonora to Oaxaca, and Coahuila; type from Hermosillo,
Sonora (Maltby 215; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 314960). Western Texas.
Slender shrub, about 1 meter high, the branchlets puberulent; leaves short-
petiolate, oblong to ovate or elliptic, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at
base and apex, thin, beneath puberulent or thinly pilosulous, glabrate above,
the lateral nerves usually few and distant; umbels sessile or short-pedunculate,
densely pubescent; fruit 5 to 7 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Coyotillo” (Texas).
This may be only a form of K. humboldtiana, but it appears fairly distinct.
4. Karwinskia latifolia Standl., sp. nov.
Sinaloa, Tepic, and Jalisco; type from Tepic (Palmer 1848; U. S. Nat. Herb.
no. 305562).
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves
lance-oblong to broadly ovate-elliptic, 6;to 11 em. long, rounded or obtuse at
base, usually rounded at apex and mucronate, thin, pale beneath, the lateral
nerves comparatively few and distant; umbels pedunculate; fruit 7 to 10 mm.
long. ‘“‘ Margarita” (Jalisco).
This is the plant reported by Hooker and Arnott’ as Rhamnus biniflorus
var. ?, and referred doubtfully by Schlechtendal’* to K. affinis. The leaves in
some specimens are strikingly suggestive of those of certain species of Cornus.
*Bot. Beechey Voy. 283. 1836-39.
?Linnaea 15: 460. 1841.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. PIT
%. Karwinskia humboldtiana (Roem. & Schult.) Zuce. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miin-
chen 2: 351. 1832.
Rhamnus humboldtiana Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 295. 1819.
? Rhamnus biniflorus DC. Prodr. 2: 26. 1825.
Karwinskia glandulosa Zuce. Flora 7*: Beibl. 71. 1832.
Karwinskia afinis Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 460. 1841.
? Karwinskia biniflora Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 460, 1841.
? Karwinskia subcordata Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 462. 1841.
Rhamnus maculata Sessé & Moc. Pl. Noy. Hisp. 38. 1887.
Karwinskia parvifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 315. 1895.
Baja California to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, and Oaxaca; type col-
jected near Puente de la Madre de Dios, between Totonilco El Grande and
Actopan, Veracruz. Western Texas.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 8 meters high, the trunk sometimes 20 cm. in di-
ameter; leaves oblong to oval or elliptic, 1 to 6.5 cm. long, rounded to acute at
apex, paler beneath, with few or numerous pairs of nerves; umbels short-
pedunculate, or some of them sessile; fruit 6 to 9 mm. long, blackish. “ Coyo-
tillo” (Tamaulipas, Texas); “tullidora” (Nuevo Leén, Querétaro) ; “ tulli-
dor” (Coahuila, Tamaulipas) ; “ capulincillo” (Nuevo Leon, Querétaro, Oax-
aca); “ecapulincillo cimarrén” (Valley of Mexico, Querétaro); ‘“ capulin”
(Coahuila, Tamaulipas); “palo negrito” (Sinaloa); “margarita” (Tepic,
Jalisco, Colima, Sinaloa, Durango) ; “‘ cacachila china,” “ cacachila silvestre,”
“ frutillo,” “negrito”’ (Sinaloa) ; ‘ cacachila”’ (Chihuahua) ; “ cachila” (Baja
California) ; “ margarita del cerro” (Jalisco) ; “ tlaleapolin” (Nahuatl).
The wood is said to be hard and strong. The fruit is sweet and edible, but
the stones are harmful if swallowed. In people, especially children, paralysis,
particularly of the lower limbs, is caused by eating stones, and similar effects
are said to be produced in pigs and chickens. Palmer states that in Tamauli-
pas children thus paralyzed are taken to a slaughter pen, and stomachs of
freshly killed cattle are wrapped about the parts affected, an outer covering
being employed to retain the warmth. There is a prevalent belief that this
mode of treatment is quite successful. The seeds are oily, and they contain
some principle which paralyzes the motor nerves. They are employed in
Mexico as an anticonvulsive, particularly in the case of tetanus. An infusion
or decoction of the leaves and roots is used locally for fevers, and Palmer
states that the hot tea is held in the mouth as a remedy for toothache and
neuralgia.”
This plant is illustrated by Hernindez’? and described in a chapter entitled
“De Cacatzin, seu parva Cacatl,” but little information is given concerning it.
Clavigero (Historia de la California, 1789) also gives an account of the plant
and of its harmful properties.
The only Yucatin specimen seen by the writer is noteworthy in having
sparsely pubescent flowers. The species is somewhat variable, but none of the
forms appear worthy of specific rank. K. parvifolia, a form of the Pacific
coast, has very small leaves, but the leaves vary too greatly in size through-
out the range of the plant to permit the use of this as a specific character.
6. ADOLPHIA Meisn, Pl. Vas. Gen. 70. 1837.
1. Adolphia infesta (H. B. K.) Meisn. Pl. Vas. Gen. 70. 1837.
Ceanothus infestus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 61. pl. 614. 1825.
Colletia multifiora DC. Prodr. 2: 29. 1825.
*See also S. E. Sosa, Tullidora 6 capulincillo, Estudio 2: 35.
? Thesaurus 308, 1651. ‘
718 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Zacatecas, Hidalgo, and Oaxaca; type from
“Gasave.” Western Texas.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, densely branched, the branches green, spinose,
glabrous or pubescent; stipules persistent; flowers small, fasciculate in the
axils; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, spatulate, cucullate; fruit drupaceous, coriace-
ous, 3-celled. ‘“‘ Junco” (Durango).
Adolphia californica S. Wats.* has been reported from Mexico and may occur
in northern Baja California. It is not certain that it is specifically distinct
from A. infesta.
7. CORMONEMA Reissek; Endl. Gen. Pl. 1098. 1840.
Shrubs or small trees, armed with spines; leaves alternate, entire, petiolate,
the blade with 2 glands on the under surface near the base; flowers axillary,
solitary or fasciculate, pedicellate; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, cucullate, clawed;
stamens 5; fruit drupaceous, 3-celled, the cocci crustaceous.
Leaves acuminate at apex, acute at base______________________ 1. C. mexicana.
Leaves rounded or vary obtuse at apex and usually retuse, rounded or obtuse at
DSRS sages es ae al RE ye ee ee a sl Sl 2. C. biglandulosa.
1. Cormonema mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 315. 1895.
Known only from Tepic, the type locality.
Tree, 3.5 meters high, the trunk 12 cm. in diameter; leaves oblanceolate or
oblanceolate-elliptic, 7 to 15 cm. long, nearly glabrous, the glands borne at the
base of the blade adjacent to the petiole; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter.
2. Cormonema biglandulosa (Sessé & Moc.) Standl.
Rhamnus biglandulosa Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 38. 1887.
Cormonema nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 315. 1895.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Apatzingan, Guerrero.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 7 meters high; leaves suborbicular to elliptic, 3 to 7.5 cm.
long, glabrous or nearly so, the glands borne on the margin of the blade remote
from the petiole; flowers greenish yellow, densely glomerate, pubescent; fruit
6 mm. in diameter. “ Alezuilla” (Sinaloa).
8. COLUBRINA L. Rich.; Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. 10: 368. 1827.
Shrubs or trees, unarmed; leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or serrate,
usually 3-nerved; flowers axillary, cymose or fasciculate, greenish; calyx
5-lobate; petals 5, cucullate, clawed; stamens 5; fruit drupaceous, 3-coccous, the
cocci membranaceous or crustaceous.
The bark of some the West Indian species is reported to be bitter and to
have antiscorbutic, stomachic, tonic, laxative, febrifuge, and vermifuge proper-
ties.
Leaves entire, pinnate-nerved, all or most of them less than 2 cm. long.
1. C. glabra.
Leaves finely or coarsely serrate, 3-nerved at base, usually more than 2 cm. long.
Leaves coarsely, irregularly, and remotely serrate, the lower Surface some-
times glabrous or glabrate.
Lower surface of leaves brown or ferruginous-tomentose__2. C. ehrenbergili.
Lower surface of leaves glabrous or glabrate_________-___ 3. C. glomerata.
Leaves finely, evenly, and closely serrulate, the lower surface tomentose or ~
densely pubescent.
*Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 126. 18776.
Sir ane te = Fee
2 eee ee 9 Ah fo f
ee AIC KI
bbAtl
. eee
a ali a | |
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 719
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex, rarely acute, the fruit then more
than 1 cm. in diameter.
Leaves 4 to 10 mm. wide, pilose beneath or in age glabrate; fruit about
SAI bey GLE THC EO Te sd ew rr ass de 4. C. texensis.
Leaves 1.5 to 7 cm. wide, tomentose beneath; fruit over 1 cm. in diameter.
5. C. macrocarpa.
Leaves acute or acuminate; fruit 8 mm. or less in diameter.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface, in age glabrate beneath.
6. C. celtidifolia.
Leaves pubescent on the upper surface, densely tomentose or loosely
Sericcous penea th. sae whe 2 5 cube Lee eee ein THe! gregegii.
1. Colubrina glabra S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 44. 1889.
Baja California and Sonora; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Densely branched shrub, 1.5 to 3.5 meters high; leaves mostly fasciculate,
orbicular to oblong-ovate, obovate, or elliptic, rounded or retuse at apex,
glabrous or pubescent; flowers yellowish green; fruit 4 to 6 mm. broad.
2. Colubrina ehrenbergii Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 469. 1841.
Jalisco, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type collected between Ajuntas and
Las Verdosas.
Shrub or small tree; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-ovate to broadly ovate,
4 to 8 cm. long, acutisSh, coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface;
fruit 5 to 6 mm. in diameter.
8. Colubrina glomerata (Benth.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 200. 1880.
Rhamnus glomerata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 9. 1839.
?Zizyphus acuminata Benth. Bot. Voy Sulph. 78. 1844.
Barcena guanajuatensis Duges, Rey. Cienc. Mex. 1: 8. 1879.
Colubrina arborea T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 4: 401. 1894.
Colubrina mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 315. 1895.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Guanajuato, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from
Zacatecas.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate,
5 to 12 em. long, acute to long-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, bright
green; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter.
The species is somewhat variable in leaf form, but the leaves vary about
as much upon a single plant as in the whole series of specimens.
4. Colubrina texensis (Torr. & Gray) A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 169.
1850.
Rhamnus texensis Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 263, 1838.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leon. Texas.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, densely branched; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic
or obovate, acute to rounded at base.
5. Colubrina macrocarpa (Cav.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 86. 1832.
Ceanothus macrocarpus Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 38. pl. 276. 1794.
Colubrina megacarpa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 50. pl. 11. 1903.
Colubrina lanulosa Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 74. 1917.
Michoacin, Guerrero, Querétaro, and Puebla.
Shrub or small tree, 2.5 to 4 meters high; leaves elliptic-oblong to
rounded-ovate, 3 to 8 cm. long, rounded or rarely acutish at apex, rounded
or cordate at base, densely pubescent on the upper surface. ‘“ Café cimarrén”
(Querétaro).
720 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Colubrina alamani DC.,’ described from Mexico, is probably the same species,
but it may be the same as C. greggii.
6. Colubrina celtidifolia (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 471. 1841.
Ceanothus celtidifolius Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 602. 1830.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa. Guatemala.
Leaves ovate or broadly elliptic-ovate, 7 to 11 cm. long, rounded or sub-
cordate at base, bright green.
7. Colubrina greggii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 336. 1882.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leon to Veracruz and Yucatén; type from Monterrey,
Nuevo Leon.
Shrub or small tree; leaves on long or short petioles, oblong-ovate to
broadly ovate, 4 to 12 cm. long, obtuse to cordate at base. ‘‘ Manzanita,”
“souayul’” (Tamaulipas); “ pimiento-ché,” ‘“ yax-pukim,” ‘“ yax-puken”
(Yucatan, Maya).
This has been reported from Yucatén as @. ferruginosa Brongn., a West
Indian species. The fruit is said to be edible. Palmer reports that in
Tamaulipas the wood is used for shoe pegs.
9. CEANOTHUS L. Sp. Pl. 195. 1753.
Shrubs or small trees, often with spinose branchlets; leaves alternate or
opposite, short-petiolate, entire or toothed, usually triplinerved; flowers per-
fect, in cymes or umbels, these usually forming panicles or thyrses; petals
white, pink, or blue; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5; stamens 5; fruit dry, 3-coccous,
longitudinally dehiscent.
Some of the species are showy when in flower. The blue-flowered ones are
known on the Pacific coast of the United States as “ California lilac.” Ceano-
thus americanus L., of the United States is known as “‘ New Jersey tea.’ The
astringent roots contain over 6 per cent of tannin, and an alkaloid, ceanothine.
They have been used in the treatment of syphilis, and are said to have purga-
tive properties. The leaves were used by the Indians to make a beverage like
tea, and during the Revolutionary War they were employed along the Atlantic
coast as a substitute for Chinese tea. Gilmore’ states that the flavor of the
beverage made from them “is something like that of Asiatic tea and is much
better than that of the South American yerba maté.” The fresh flowers of
some, and probably of all, of the species, when rubbed in water, gives a cleans-
ing lather which is a good substitute for soap.
Stipules persistent, the bases corky or spongy; leaves opposite, except in one
species; capsule usually with dorsal and apical horns as well as crests;
flowers white, umbellate.
TieavieS: a berm nite =e 2a 2 ee eS a Dee ee 1. C. verrucosus.
Leaves opposite.
Leaves coarsely dentate. ==) =4 soe eT eae een Se 2. C. goldmanii.
Leaves entire, or rarely with 1 or 2 teeth.
Leaves cuneate-obovate or spatulate, the margins not revolute.
3. C. cuneatus.
Leaves oblong to oval, the margins revolute. j
Tomentum of the lower surface of the leaf coarse and loose.
4. C. lanuginosus.
Tomentum very fine and closely appressed_______________ 5. C. greggii.
= Prodr 2. oleie2p:
7 Ann, Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethnol. 33: 102. 1919.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 721
Stipules thin and deciduous; leaves alternate; capsule without horns; flowers
blue or white, usually racemose.
Leaves glabrous beneath or with a few closely appressed, straight hairs;
branchlets glaucous or glaucescent.
eaves! pinnate-nervede ss) See ee ROU ede REL hes ores healt 6. C. spinosus,
CAVES O-DELV CG = sete a ene ee og gle eel wee yg 7. C. divaricatus.
Leaves copiously pubescent beneath, usually densely so, often tomentose;
branchlets never glaucous.
Branchlets never spinose; petals usually blue; flowers mostly in elongate
racemes.
Leaves 1 to 2 cm. Jong, densely and minutely sericeous beneath.
8. C. tomentosus.
Leaves mostly 3 to 8 cm. long, coarsely tomentose beneath.
9. C. coeruleus.
Branchlets spinose; petals white; flowers umbellate.
Leaves entire________-_____ Ce a ee ae 10. C. huichagorare.
Leaves finely serrulate.
Lower surface of the leaf finely white-sericeous between the nerves.
Leaves suborbicular, rounded at base, glabrate on the upper surface.
11. C. pueblensis.
Leaves oval-obovate to cuneate-obovate, obtuse or cuneate at base,
sericeous on the upper surface_____________ 12. C. durangoinus.
Lower surface of the leaf tomentose, or the pubescence consisting of
long loose hairs, these all or chiefly confined to the nerves.
Capsule coarsely tuberculate and cristate______________ 13. C. ferox.
Capsule smooth.
Leaves sparsely or densely tomentose beneath, the hairs matted.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface, very sparsely
tomentose beneath. — =— = 2 14. C. depressus.
Leaves densely pubescent on the upper surface or very tardily
glabrate, densely tomentose beneath_______ 15. C. endlichii,
Leaves pilose beneath along the nerves with long straight hairs.
16. C. buxifolius.
1. Ceanothus verrucosus Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 267. 1838.
Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from San Diego.
Low shrub with gray or brown branches; leaves cuneate-obovate or rounded-
obovate, 4 to 12 mm. long, rounded or retuse at apex, entire or denticulate,
minutely tomentulose beneath or glabrate; flowers white.
2. Ceanothus goldmanii Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 284. 1909.
Mountains of Baja California; type from La Huerta.
Stout shrub, 2 to 4 meters high, often forming dense thickets; leaves cuneate-
obovate to suborbicular, 7 to 14 mm. long, coarsely dentate, minutely tomentu-
lose or glabrate beneath.
This has been reported from Baja California as C. rigidus Nutt.
3. Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 267. 1838.
Rhamnus cuneata Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 124. 1829.
Ceanothus submontanus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 284. 1909.
Baja California. California and Oregon.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, with gray branches; leaves 6 to 15 mm. long, ob-
tuse or rounded at apex, nearly sessile, minutely tomentulose beneath.
7808—23——14
722 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Ceanothus lanuginosus (Jones) Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 12: 284. 1909.
Ceanothus greggii lanuginosus Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 5: 620. 1895.
Chihuahua and Coahuila; type from Santa Eulalia Mountains, Chihuahua.
Shrub with rigid grayish branches; leaves 7 to 15 mm. long, rounded at
apex, densely tomentose beneath, tomentose above at first but soon glabrate.
5. Ceanothus greggii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 28. 1853.
Ceanothus australis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 283. 1909.
Chihuahua and Coahuila to San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca;
type from Buenavista, Coahuila. Western Texas to southern Utah.
Low shrub with intricate brown or grayish branches; leaves 6 to 15 mm.
long, rounded or obtuse at apex, green and glabrate on the upper surface.
6. Ceanothus spinosus Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 267. 1838.
Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from Santa Barbara.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7 meters high, with a trunk 15 cm. in diam-
eter; bark red-brown, scaly; leaves elliptic to oblong-oval, 2 to 4 cm. long,
rounded or retuse at apex, pale beneath; flowers blue.
7. Ceanothus divaricatus Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 266. 1838.
Baja California. California; type from Santa Barbara.
Tall shrub; leaves oblong-ovate to rounded-ovate, 1 to 3 em. long, obtuse
or rounded at apex, often subcordate at base, entire or serrulate; flowers pale
blue.
Some of the Baja California specimens have been identified as C. palmeri
Trel. and C. cordulatus Kellogg, but all seem to belong rather to C. divaricatus.
8. Ceanothus tomentosus Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 5: 190. 1889.
Baja California. California; type from Ione.
Shrub with slender, gray or reddish branches; leaves elliptic or oval-ovate,
rounded at base and apex, serrulate, glabrate on the upper surface or minutely
velutinous.
Baja California specimens have been determined as C. sorediatus Hook. &
Arn.
9. Ceanothus coeruleus Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 11. 1816.
Ceanothus azureus Desf. Cat. Pl. Paris. 232. 1815, nomen nudum.
Ceanothus bicolor Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 7: 65. 1829.
Ceanothus glandulosus Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 474. 1841.
Ceanothus azureus parvifolius S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 23: 270. 1888.
Ceanothus candolleanus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 283. 1909.
Ceanothus parvifolius Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 284. 1909. Not C.
parvifolius Trel. 1888.
Sinaloa to Chihuahua, Coahuila, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 7.5 meters high; leaves oblong-lanceolate to ovate,
acute or obtuse, serrulate, green above and glabrate or sometimes densely
pubescent, covered beneath with a rusty tomentum; flowers blue or nearly
white. ‘“Chaquira” (Oaxaca, Mexico); “chaquirilla”; “palo colorado”;
“tlaxistle,’ ‘‘tnu-yoocé” (Michoacin, Oaxaca, Seler); ‘sayolistle,” ‘‘ cuai-
cuastle”’ (Mexico, Harshberger).
The bark is said to have tonic and febrifuge properties. A decoction of the
leaves is used for sore throat, and the decoction of the roots for venereal dis-
eases. The species was listed by Sessé and Mocifio’ as C. americanus.
* Pl. Nov. Hisp. 38. 1887.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 723
The numerous specimens examined are remarkably uniform in their char-
acters, the only exception being a few which are referable to C. azureus parvi-
folius 8. Wats. This form is distinguished by its relatively small leaves and
reduced inflorescence. Although raised to specific rank by Rose, there appears
to be no character by which it can be separated definitely from C. coeruleus.
10. Ceanothus huichagorare Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nev. Fedde 8: 298. 1910.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, Sonora, and Jalisco; type from Baquiriachic, Chi-
huahua. '
Low shrub with slender spinose branches; leaves elliptic or oval, 1 to 1.8
em. long, obtuse or rounded at base and apex, green and glabrate above,
appressed-pilose beneath along the nerves.
The specimens to be placed here have usually been determined as C. buzi-
folius. “ Huichagorare” is the Tarahumare name of the plant.
11. Ceanothus pueblensis Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Esperanza, Puebla (Purpus 5821; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. no. 464452).
Shrub with short stiff spinose branchlets; leaves short-petiolate, 7 to 10 mm.
long, 6 to 8 mm. wide, broadly rounded at each end, 3-nerved, green and glabrate
above, densely whitish-sericeous beneath, glandular-serrulate; flowers white,
the pedicels glabrous.
12. Ceanothus durangoinus Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 297. 1910.
Durango; type from Hacienda Santa Catalina, Sierra de Gamon, altitude
2,200 meters.
Low, densely branched shrub with gray or brownish branches; leaves short-
petiolate, 0.8 to 1.7 em. long, green above, gray beneath.
13. Ceanothus ferox Standl., sp. nov.
Type from mountains near Miquihuana, Tamaulipas (Nelson 4479; U. S.
Nat. Herb. no. 332667).
Branchlets slender, brownish, spinose, puberulent; leaves short-petiolate,
oval-elliptic to suborbicular, 5 to 10 mm. long and nearly as wide, rounded at
each end, 3-nerved, glandular-serrulate, green and glabrous above, paler green
beneath and appressed-pilose along the nerves; capsule 5 mm. broad, densely
covered with irregular ridges and tubercles.
14. Ceanothus depressus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 8. 1839.
San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas; type from Zacatecas.
Shrub with stout spinose branches; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-elliptic or
elliptic, 1 to 2 em. long, obtuse or rounded at each end.
Specimens from San Luis Potosi are referred here upon the authority of
Watson, but the writer does not feel certain that they are correctly determined.
15. Ceanothus endlichii Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 8: 298. 1910.
Chihuahua and Sonora; type from Chihuahua, in the Sierra Madre between
Basagote and Cerracahue, altitude 1,600 meters.
Low spiny shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-elliptic to rounded-ovate,
1 to 3 cm. long, grayish, rounded at each end.
Some of the specimens have been determined previously as C. fendleri venosus
Trel., and a Sonoran specimen has been reported as C. busifolius.
16. Ceanothus buxifolius Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 300. 1819.
Chihuahua, Durango, and Hidalgo; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
Low spiny shrub; leaves elliptic-obovate to broadly elliptic, 8 to 16 mm.
long, rounded to acutish at base, rounded at apex, petiolate.
It is possible that the material at hand represents two species, but the forms
seem identical except in leaf shape. ;
724 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CEANOTHUS MOCINIANUS DC. Prodr. 2: 32. 1825.
CEANOTHUS PAUCIFLORUS DC, Prodr. 2: 33. 1825. Both this and the preceding
were based upon plates of Sessé and Mocifio. It is doubtful whether they
belong to the genus.
10. SAGERETIA Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. 10: 859. 1827.
Shrubs or small trees, the branchlets slender, often spinose; leaves subop-
posite, short-petiolate, pinnately nerved, entire or serrate; flowers minute,
glomerate along the branches of the panicle; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, cucullate,
clawed; stamens 5; fruit drupaceous, juicy, the 3 nutlets coriaceous, inde-
hiscent.
Many of the species have edible fruit. The leaves of S. theezans (L.)
Brongn. are used in China as a substitute for tea.
Leaves obtuse or rounded at apex, obtuse at base, 1 to 2 cm. long__1. S. wrightii.
Leaves acute or acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, 3 to 6 cm. long.
2. S. elegans.
1. Sageretia wrightii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 358. 1885.
Sonora to Jalisco; type from Santa Cruz, Sonora. Western Texas and
southern Arizona.
Densely branched shrub, 0.5 to 3 meters high, the branchlets spinose; leaves
oblong to elliptic, obscurely serrulate or entire, lustrous, tomentulose when
young but soon glabrate; inflorescence little exceeding the leaves.
This was reported by Hemsley as S. michauzii Brongn.
2. Sageretia elegans (H. B. K.) Brongn. Ann. Sci. Nat. 10: 359. 1827.
Rhamnus elegans H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 53. pl. 619. 1825.
Sinaloa to Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America, Colombia, and Peru.
Slender sarmentose shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate to ovate-
elliptic, deciduous, serrulate, tomentulose beneath when young but soon
glabrate; panicles very large and broad, tomentose, the flowers whitish; fruit
6 to 8 mm. in diameter.
Sageretia salamensis Loesener,* described from Guatemala, is probably not
separable from this species.
11. RHAMNUS L. Sp. Pl. 193. 1753.
Unarmed trees or shrubs; leaves opposite, petiolate, persistent or deciduous,
pinnate-nerved. entire or toothed; flowers green, perfect or polygamo-dioecious,
axillary, solitary, fasciculate, or umbellate; calyx 4 or 5-lobate; petals 4 or 5
or none; stamens 4 or 5; fruit drupaceous, 2 to 4-celled, the nutlets osseous or
vartilaginous.
The species are known by the English name “ buckthorn.” R. cathartica L.,
of Europe, yields a green dye, and the fruit and bark have purgative properties.
The dried bark of R. purshiana DC., of the western United States, is an official
drug, known as “ cascara sagrada.’”’ The bark is yellow within, with a bitter
and rather nauseous taste; its extract is used in medicine as a laxative. R.
californica Eschsch. also has similar properties, and much of the drug of com-
merce is probably derived from this species. i
* Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 51: 30. 1910.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 725
Flowers all or mostly in pedunculate umbels.
Leaves covered beneath with a minute close white tomentum.
1. R. tomentella.
Leaves green beneath, short-pilose, glabrate, or with a loose coarse tomentum.
Leaves acuminate, long-petiolate____________-________--__- 2. R. discolor.
Leaves rounded or obtuse at apex or sometimes acute, short-petiolate.
Leaf blades broadly oval, less than twice as long as broad, densely vil-
lous-tomentosebeneaths-s2ds-_ se telies pete ee eat 3 R. palmeri.
Leaf blades oblong to elliptic, short-pilose or glabrate beneath.
4. R. betulaefolia.
Flowers solitary in the axils or in sessile umbels.
Leaves entire, glabrous. Petals none_____---__---_____ 5. R. brandegeana.
Leaves serrulate or dentate or if (rarely) entire, copiously pubescent.
Fruit normally dicoccous; leaves persistent, often pungent-dentate; sepals
usually 4.
Leaves linear-oblong, 3 mm. wide or less______________ 6. R. stenophylla.
Leaves elliptic-oblong to orbicular, 5 to 35 mm. wide.
MeavVestacutevOnsaCUii Sime 2s a Se ee eee 7. R. serrata.
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex.
Leaves orbicular to rounded-obovate, 7 to 35 mm. wide.
8. R. ilicifolia.
Leaves oval to elliptic-oblong, 5 to 8 mm. wide____9. R. microphylla.
Fruit tricoccous; leaves mostly deciduous, not pungent-dentate; sepals 5.
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex.
Leaves densely pilose, 1.5 to 3 em. wide_____-__-_____ 10. R. pringlei.
Leaves nearly glabrous, less than 1 cm, wide______ 11. R. macrocarpa.
Leaves acute or acuminate.
Leaves elliptic, abruptly short-acuminate_________ 12. R. capreaefolia.
Leaves mostly oblong or ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate.
13. R. mucronata.
1. Rhamnus tomentella Benth. Pl. Hartw. 3038. 1848.
Rhamnus californica tomentella Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 101. 1876.
Northern Baja California. New Mexico to southern California.
Large shrub with tomentulose branchlets; leaves oblong, 3.5 to 6 cm. long,
rounded to acute at apex, green on the upper surface and minutely puberulent,
the lateral nerves very prominent beneath, the margins revolute, subentire ;
jlowers 5-parted, puberulent; fruit usually dicoccous.
2. Rhamnus discolor (Donn. Smith) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 51. 1903.
Rhamnus capreaefolia discolor Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 20: 200. 1893.
Oaxaca. Guatemala to Costa Rica; type from Coban, Guatemala.
Small tree; leaves long-petiolate, deciduous, mostly elliptic or ovate-elliptic,
6 to 15 em. long, pubescent beneath or finally glabrate, obscurely serrulate ;
umbels densely pubescent, some of them sessile and some pedunculate; flowers
5-parted, green; fruit usually tricoccous. ‘ Duraznillo” (Costa Rica).
8. Rhamnus palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 403. 1887.
Known only from the vicinity of Tequila, Jalisco, the type locality.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with tomentose branches; leaves very short-
petiolate, 2 to 7 cm. long, Broadly rounded at base and apex, coarsely or finely
serrate, densely pilose on the upper surface; umbels partly sessile and partly
pedunculate; fruit tricoccous.
726 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Rhamnus betulaefolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 16. 1896.
Rhamnus californica betulaefolia Trel. in A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1*: 408. 1897.
Rhamnus revoluta Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 51. 1903.
Rhammnus ellipsoidea Greene, Leaflets 2: 267. 1912.
Rhamnus conjinis Greene, Leaflets 2: 267. 1912.
Chihuahua, Sonora, Durango, and Nuevo Leon.’ Western Texas to southern
Arizona ; type from Mogollon Mountains, New Mexico.
Large shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to broadly elliptic, 4 to 10 cm.
long, acute or obtuse, bright green, pubescent or glabrate on the upper surface;
umbels puberulent; fruit tricoccous.
5. Rhamnus brandegeana Standl.
Rhamnus purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 274. 1912. Not
R. purpusi Schelle, 1903.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type from Minas de San Rafael, San Luis
Potosf.
Small tree, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate
or oblong-ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, bright green, the margins
revolute; petals none.
The writer has seen four collections of this species, including one (without
locality) obtained by Thomas Coulter, but all are without fruit. The generic
position of the plant is uncertain.
6. Rhamnus stenophylla Standl., sp. nov.
Mountains of Tepic; type collected in the Sierra Madre (Rose 3464; U. S.
Nat. Herb. no 302441).
Branches brown, puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, 6 to 12 mm. long, obtuse
or rounded at apex, obscurely serrulate, sparsely pilosulous beneath when young
but soon glabrate, the margins somewhat revolute; pedicels solitary or gem-
inate, puberulent; calyx 5-lobate; petals much shorter than the sepals; fruit
5 mm. long, glabrous.
7. Rhamnus serrata Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 295. 1819.
Rhamnus serrulata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 51. pl. 607. 1825.
San Luis Potosi to Mexico; type from San Agustin de las Cuevas.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oblong
or elliptic-oblong, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, acute or obtuse, coriaceous, sharply Serru-
late, yellowish beneath, at first minutely pilose but soon glabrate; umbels
glabrous; fruit 6 to 7 mm. long. “ Capulincillo” (San Luis Potosi) ; “ tlaleapol-
lin” (Nahuatl, Urbina).
8. Rhamnus ilicifolia Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 37. 1863.
Rhamnus insularis Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 392. 1887.
Rhamnus crocea insularis Sarg. Gard. & For. 2: 364. 1889.
Baja California. California and Arizona; type from Clear Lake, California.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7 meters high, with a trunk 20 cm. in diame-
ter; bark thin, gray; leaves 1.5 to 5 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, rigid,
spinose-dentate, yellowish beneath, glabrous or nearly so; petals none; fruit
red, 5 to 7 mm. long.
Sometimes known as “ California holly.” R. insularis is a form with large,
less conspicuously toothed leaves. WR. ilicifolia is closely related to R. crocea
Nutt., and may not be specifically distinct. That species is said to have yellow
fine-grained heavy wood. The fruit was eaten by the Indians of California.
It is said to give a conspicuous red tinge to the body of one who eats it in
quantity. The bark has an agreeable odor and is rather bitter; it has tonic
and slightly laxative, or in large doses cathartic, properties.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 727
9. Rhamnus microphylla Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 295. 1819.
Coahuila, San Luis Potosf, and Hidalgo; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
Low shrub with brown puberulent branches; leaves 7 to 15 mm. long, rounded
at apex, serrulate, glabrate, often yellowish beneath; flowers glabrous; petals
present; fruit 5 to 6 mm. long.
10. Rhamnus pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 51. 1903.
Oaxaca; type from foothills of Sierra de San Felipe.
Small shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-elliptic to suborbicular, 2 to 5.5
em. long, irregularly serrulate; umbels densely pilose; fruit about 5 mm. long,
glabrous.
11. Rhamnus macrocarpa Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected on hills near Patzcuaro, Michoacan (Pringle 5331; U. S. Nat.
Herb. no. 316795).
Branches brown, puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, oblong or narrowly ellip-
tic-oblong, 1.2 to 8 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, crenate-serrulate, green
above, sparsely puberulent, yellowish beneath, puberulent along the nerves;
pedicels puberulent ; fruit 1 cm. broad.
12. Rhamnus capreaefolia Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 464. 1841.
Veracruz and Oxaca; type from Malpais de Naolinco, Veracruz.
Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high; leaves 4 to 14 em. long, thin, green or yellowish
beneath, obscurely serrulate, pubescent or glabrate beneath; flowers pilose;
petals present ; fruit 5 to 7 mm. in diameter, often pilose.
13. Rhamnus mucronata Schlecht. Linnaea 15: 465. 1841.
Rhamnus nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 50. 1903.
Rhamnus obliqua Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 51. 1903.
Tepic to Zacatecas, Mexico, and Chiapas; type collected near Chantla and
Angangueo, Michoacan.
Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaves 4 to 11 cm. long, thin,
bright green, often yellowish beneath, serrulate or subentire, pubescent or
glabrate; flowers puberulent or short-pilose; petals present; fruit 5 to 7 mm.
long, glabrous.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
RHAMNUS TERNIFLORA DC. Prodr. 2: 26. 1825. Based upon one of Sessé and
Mocino’s plates.
92. VITACEAE. Grape Family.
REFERENCE: Planchon, Monographie des Ampélidées vraies, in DC. Monogr.
Phan. 5: 305-654. 1887.
Seandent shrubs or sometimes herbs, usually with tendrils; leaves alternate,
simple or compound, petiolate; flowers small, perfect or polygamous, uSually
in cymes; calyx entire or 4 or 5-dentate; petals 4 or 5, valvate; stamens 4 or 5,
opposite the petals; fruit a 1 to 4-celled berry.
Leaves digitately 5 to 7-foliolate_______._____________ 1. PARTHENOCISSUS.
Leaves simple, trifoliolate, or ternately compound.
Petals coherent into a cap, caducous. Leaves simple_____________ 2. VITIS.
Petals distinct, spreading.
Petals! 4. disks 4-1OD abe ee es ete ener eee eee Mes other | we er eteape ree 3. CISSUS.
Petals usually 5; disk 5-lobate or 10-striate.
Disk-annviar, 10-Strigtes 2.22. 22h Be ee eee ES 4. AMPELOCISSUS.
Disk cupulare 5-lOpateso see ee ee ee 5. AMPELOPSIS.
728 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. PARTHENOCISSUS Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 447. 1887.
1. Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 448.
1887.
Hedera quinquefolia L. Sp. Pl. 202. 1753.
Vitis quinquefolia Lam. Tabl. Encyel. 2: 135. 1798.
Ampelopsis quinquefolia Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 160. 1803.
Nuevo Le6én, Veracruz, Hidalgo, and Michoacin. Widely distributed in the
United States and Canada, and in Cuba and the Bahamas.
Seandent shrub, usually glabrous throughout; leaflets 5, elliptic to oblanceo-
late, 5 to 15 cm. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate-dentate; flowers
perfect or polygamo-monoecious, green, in compound cymes; petals 5, spread-
ing; fruit blue, 8 to 9 mm. in diameter, 2 or 3-seeded.
A handsome vine, often planted for ornamental purposes. Known in the
United States as “ Virginia creeper.” The leaves turn red in autumn. The
bark has been used in domestic medicinal practice as an alterative, tonic, and
expectorant, and for dropsy. The crushed leaves applied to the skin are Said
to produce blisters. The fruit is not edible.
Parthenocissus quinquefolia hirsuta (Donn) Planch. (Ampelopsis hirsuta
Donn; Parthenocissus hirsuta Small; Ampelopsis pubescens Schlecht.) is a form
with leaflets sparsely pilose beneath. Specimens from Nuevo Leén and Vera-
eruz belong here.
2. VITIS L. Sp. Pl. 202. 1753.
Climbing shrubs; leaves long-petiolate, simple, toothed or lobed; flowers
mostly dioecious or polygamo-dioecious, cymose-paniculate; petals caducous;
ovary 2-celled; fruit a globose berry, pulpy, edible.
The Mexican native grapes, like those of the United States, are difficult of
separation, and their characters poorly marked.
The cultivated grapes of Mexico are chiefly of the Old World type, being
derived from Vitis vinifera L. The cultivated grapes of the eastern United
States are derived from the native species. European grapes (“ vid,” the plant;
“uva,” “parra,”’ the fruit; “bicholi,” ‘“yaga-bicholi,’ Zapotec) are said to
have been introduced into Mexico about 1522, and their culture upon a large
scale was begun at once, especially for the purpose of making wine. During
at least a portion of the Spanish occupation, however, the local manufacture
of wine was prohibited by the Spanish Government, for the protection of the
wine industry of Spain. Clavigero states that vineyards were established in
Baja California by the Jesuits, and that grapes were more successful there
than any other fruit except figs.
Oviedo relates that grapes were cultivated in Santo Domingo at the beginning
of the sixteenth century, and he mentions particularly the vineyard of Diego
Colén, which was destroyed through neglect. He refers to the wild grapes
(Vitis tiliifolia) of Santo Domingo which, he says are good, “that is, for wild
grapes,” and suggests that they might be improved by cultivation. Wine is
occasionally made in Mexico from the wild grapes. The Indians of the United
States sometimes dried the fruit for winter use, and in spring they tapped
the larger vines to obtain the sap, which was used as a beverage.
Wild grapes are mentioned by Hernéndez* in a chapter entitled “ De Ceual-
chilehiltic, seu vite sylvestri, Lambruscave indigena.” He states that the name
“ xocomecatl”’ also was applied to the plant.
*Thesaurus 128. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 729
Leaves glabrate beneath when mature, or pilosulous, the tomentum, if any,
confined chiefly to the venis.
Plants searcely climbing, the tendrils mostly abortive; leaves comparatively
StS ee eee ee en, ee ee ne a 1. V. arizonica.
Plants climbing, the tendrils well developed ; leaves large.
Tomentum: none.on.the leavesis-——==—---=+2=.2-=-- = 2. V. bourgaeana.
Tomentum usually present on the lower surface of the leaves along the
5, CAG) 2 PE oe aecas sree at Be Sh PN ee 3. V. berlandieri.
Leaves with persistent loose or close tomentum over the whole lower surface.
Pomentumawholly eray or, whitish=.——...24- 2 42 = 4, V. cinerea.
Tomentum rusty or reddish, at least along the veins________~_ 5. V. tiliifolia.
1. Vitis arizonica Engelm. Amer, Nat. 2: 321. 1868.
Baja California and Sonora to Coahuila and Tamaulipas. Western Texas
to Arizona and Utah.
Plants much branched, the stems floccose-tementose; leaves broadly cordate,
mostly 4 to 6 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, coarsely dentate, sometimes
shallowly lobate, loosely floccose beneath when young; fruit black, 2 or 3-
seeded. ‘“ Vid,” “parra” (Tamaulipas).
Havard’* remarks concerning this species, ‘ Vitis arizonica has been found
growing in rows near Fort Whipple, Arizona, which may be accepted as con-
clusive evidence of its culture by the Pueblo Indians.”
2. Vitis bourgaeana Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 368. 1887.
Jalisco to Morelos, Puebla, and Veracruz; type from the region of Orizaba,
Veracruz.
Stems loosely floccose-tomentose; leaves broadly cordate, 7 to 15 cm. long.
acuminate, irregularly dentate, often shallowly 3-lobate or deeply 5-lobate,
glabrate above, beneath sparsely pilosulous or glabrate.
8. Vitis berlandieri Planch. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 91: 425. 1880.
Coahuila to Veracruz. Western Texas.
Stems loosely floccose-tomentose or glabrate; leaves broadly cordate, 9 to
14 em. long, often as broad as long, short-acuminate, coarsely dentate and often
shallowly 3-lobate, glabrate above, puberulent beneath; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in
diameter, purple, slightly glaucous, with pleasant flavor. “ Uva cimarrona”
(Veracruz).
4, Vitis cinerea Engelm.; Bushberg, Cat. ed. 3. 17. 1883.
Vitis aestivalis cinerea Engelm.; A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 697. 1867.
Vitis biformis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 315. 1905.
Sonora to Coahuila, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Durango. Central
and southern United States.
Young branches floccose-tomentose; leaves broadly cordate, 6 to 14 cm. long,
crenate-dentate, often shallowly 3-lobate, floccose-tomentose above when young
but soon glabrate; fruit black, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, acid. ‘“ Uva” (San
Luis Potosi) ; “ parra silvestre” (Tamaulipas).
5. Vitis tiliifolia Humb. & Bonpl.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 320. 1819.
Vitis caribaea DC. Prodr. 1: 634. 1824.
Vitis blancoti Munson, Wild Grapes N. Amer. 14. 1890.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Southern
Florida, West Indies, Central America, and northern South America.
Young branches floccose-tomentose; leaves broadly cordate, 7 to 18 ecm.
long, usually abruptly acuminate, rather finely dentate, rarely lobate, usually
* Bull. Torrey Club 22: 104. 1895.
730 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
densely tomentose beneath; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, purple. ‘“ Parra
silvestre”’ (Tabasco) ; ‘‘ bejuco de agua” (Oaxaca, Nicaragua, Colombia, Porto
Rico) ; ‘“‘ bejuco de cazadores,” “ pichol”’ (Oaxaca) ; “uva” (Michoacan, Guer-
rero); ‘“uvilla cimarrona”’” (Jalisco, Veracruz); ‘“parra broncadora”
(Jalisco) ; ‘“ parra” (Nicaragua, Porto Rico, Santo Domingo, Costa Rica) ;
“agra” (Costa Rica, Colombia; a corruption of agraz, the name for the
wild grape of Spain); “parra cimarrona” (Cuba, Santo Domingo, Porto
Rico) ; “bejuco de parra” (Guatemala); “uva cimarrona” (Nicaragua) ;
bejuco caro” (Santo Domingo).
The stems sometimes attain a diameter of 20 cm. From a section of the
stem a considerable amount of water may be obtained, a fact of which ad-
vantage is often taken by hunters or other persons in forests where the
ordinary sources of water are wanting. The sap is reputed to have diuretic
properties and a decoction of the leaves has been employed as a remedy for
fevers. Descourtilz states that the leaves were applied as poultices for gout.
It is probably this species to which the names Vitis indica and V. labrusca
were applied by Sessé and Mociiio.*
3. CISSUS L. Sp. Pl. 117. 1753.
Vines, the stems herbaceous or woody; leaves simple or ternate, usually
succulent; flowers mostly perfect, 4-parted, cymose-corymbose; ovary 2-celled ;
fruit 1 to 4-seeded, usually inedible.
Leaves simple, entire or dentate, never lobate.
Leaves sessile or very short-petiolate, densely soft-pilose beneath.
1. C. arsenii.
Leaves long-petiolate.
iPedicels, densely pubescent 4-52 = tn eh ee 2. C. subtruncata.
Pedicels glabrous.
Leaves broadly cuneate at base, broadest near the apex, nearly entire,
Fal EY 0) 0b ee a I en Ain ili RAPE Ra alr < ath 3. C. sinaloae.
Leaves rounded or cordate at base, broadest at or below the middle,
usually conspicuously dentate, glabrous or pubescent.
4. C. sicyoides.
Leaves trifoliolate, or simple and lobate.
Flowers green; leaves very thick and fleshy.
Léaves; deeply, 5-lobate2b Sur 30") yma tela SE = eerteyonn 5. C. tuberosa.
heaves. 3-leobate‘or trifoliolate® 22.) — 4sieere? Aesewin 2 6. C. trifoliata.
Flowers red; leaves thin.
Leaflets glabrous beneath, usually 1.5 to 4 em. long______ 7. C. microcarpa.
Leaflets pubescent beneath, at least along the nerves.
Elowers,3 to.4ammy long sed oe sek | sive est our 8. C. cucurbitina.
Flowers 1.5 to 2 mm. long.
Deaflets rounded satuaper) ate 2 od 2) fle ae. oe os 9. C. salutaris.
Leaflets all or mostly abruptly acute or acuminate at apex.
10. C. rhombifolia,
1. Cissus arsenii Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Morelia, Michoacan (Arséne 10006; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 1,001,397).
Stems densely puberulent; petioles stout, 2 to 7 em. long; leaves ovate-
rhombic, 4 to 6.5 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, broadly cuneate or rounded
at base, serrate, green above but densely pubescent; peduncles 1 to 1.5 cm. long,
the cymes dense, few-flowered, 1 to 2 cm. broad; pedicels glabrous; flowers
green.
*Pl. Noy. Hisp. 39. 1887.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 731
2. Cissus subtruncata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 284. 1909.
Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Morelos; type collected near the city of
Oaxaca.
Stems densely pubescent ; leaves cordate to subreniform, 4 to 12 cm. long and
about as broad, rounded to short-acuminate at apex, truncate to cordate at base,
serrate-dentate, densely pubescent ; cymes pedunculate, equaling or longer than
the leaves; flowers green.
3. Cissus sinaloae Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected between Rosario and Acaponeta, Tepic (Rose 1872; U. S. Nat.
Herb. no. 300756). f
Glabrous throughout; petioles 6 to 12 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-obovate,
8 to 12 cm. long, truncate or obtuse at apex, thin, with a few remote appressed
serrations; inflorescence long-pedunculate, the cymes umbellate; fruit obovoid,
6 mm. long.
4, Cissus sicyoides L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 897. 1759.
Cissus elliptica Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 440. 1830.
Sonora to Tamaulipas, Yucatan, and Chiapas. Widely distributed in tropical
America.
Slender vine, often very long; leaves oblong-ovate to subreniform, 4 to 16
em. long, obtuse to acuminate, rounded to deeply cordate at base, coarsely or
finely serrate, varying from glabrous to densely pubescent; cymes corymbiform,
loose and open; fruit globose-obovoid, 1-seeded, black. ‘‘ Hierba del buey ”
(Tamaulipas) ; “ tripa de zopilote” (Sinaloa) ; “bejuco loco” (Tabasco, Rovi-
rosa); “tabkanil” (Yucatan, Maya); “vid silvestre” (Hidalgo, Veracruz) ;
“tripas de Judas” (Valley of Mexico, Morelos, Hidalgo, Oaxaca); “ tumba-
vyaqueros” (Valley of Mexico, Hidalgo, Morelos); ‘“molonqui” (Valley of
Mexico, Ramirez); “temecatl” (Nahuatl); “tripa de vaca” (Guanajuato) ;
“jas,” “bejuco iasi” (Costa Rica); “bejuco comemano” (Guatemala, Hon-
duras) ; ‘“bejuco castro,” “bejuco chirriador” (Colombia) ; “uvilla” (Nica-
ragua); “ubi” (Cuba); “caro,” “bejuco de caro” (Porto Rico, Santo
Domingo).
The species is a variable one, especially in leaf form and pubescence, and
many segregates and varieties have been proposed. The inflorescence is often
attacked by a smut, Mycosyringx cissi, and it is then greatly enlarged and modi-
fied. This diseased form was made the type of a new genus, Spondylantha, by
Presi.
The tough stems are sometimes used as a substitute for cordage, and in
Costa Rica for making baskets. When cut they yield a plentiful supply of
watery sap. The leaves, when macerated in water, give a lather like that pro-
duced by soap, and they are employed for washing clothes. They have a
slightly acid flavor. Sometimes they. are applied to sores or inflammations,
and in Mexico a decoction of the stems is used as a remedy for rheumatism.
The fruit is said to yield a blue dye.
Some of the Mexican specimens have been determined incorrectly as Ampe-
lopsis cordata Michx.
It is this species, apparently, which is figured by Hernaindez* as ‘“Tlacama-
zateazqui y papan.” It is perhaps also the plant figured * and briefly described
as “ yztae cacalic, seu Herba glutinosa, & candenti.” The decoction of the
root of the latter, he states, was administered for diarrhea and as a diuretic,
and used in baths to relieve pain of various sorts.
*Thesaurus 414. 1651.
* Thesaurus 283. 1651.
732 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Cissus tuberosa DC. Prodr. 1: 629. 1824.
Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Puebla.
Stems pubescent or glabrate; leaves 4 to 9 cm. long, the divisions narrow or
broad, coarsely dentate or deeply lobate, sparsely pubescent or glabrate; pedi-
cels glabrous; fruit subglobose, 5 to 6 mm. in diameter. ‘ Coral de Colima,”
“bejuco de coral” (Oaxaca).
6. Cissus trifoliata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 897. 1759.
Sicyos trifoliata L. Sp. Pl. 1013. 1753.
Cissus acida L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 170. 1762.
Baja California to Colima, Coahuila, Yucatan, and Oaxaca. Widely dis-
tributed in tropical America.
Plants glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaves mostly trifoliolate, the leaflets
2 to 9 em. long, usually broadly cuneate, coarsely dentate or lobate; cymes
equaling or longer than the leaves; fruit purple or nearly black, 5 to 8 mm.
long. ‘ Bolontobi” (Yucatin); ‘hierba del buey” (Chihuahua, Sonora,
Ramirez); “uvilla” (Nicaragua).
This has been reported from Yucatan as Vitis arborea L. Some of the Mex-
ican specimens have been referred to C. incisa (Nutt.) Des Moul., a form
which is doubtfully distinct from C. trifoliata. In Yucatan the mucilaginous
leaves are applied as poultices for sores and cutaneous diseases. The leaves
have an acid flavor and Barham states that in Jamaica they were eaten as a
sauce with other food. Havard states that the large tubers borne upon the
roots are very poisonous, causing violent vomiting and purging, and he reports
that the leaves sometimes produce an eruption upon the skin, like that caused
by poison ivy (Rhus radicans).
7%. Cissus microcarpa Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 16. 1796.
Veracruz and Chiapas. West Indies and northern South America.
Glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves trifoliolate, the leaflets obliquely
ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, obtuse to acuminate, irregularly appressed-serrate ;
fruit 6 to 7 mm. in diameter.
8. Cissus cucurbitina Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Cuernavaca, Morelos (Rose € Rose 11047; U. S. Nat. Herb. no.
453834).
Petioles 6.5 to 9.5 em. long; Jeaves simple or trifoliolate; simple leaves
rounded-cordate, 14 to 16 em. long, shallowly 3-lobate, deeply cordate at base,
rounded at apex, remotely appressed-serrate, glabrous or nearly so; leaflets
of trifoliolate leaves rhombic, appressed-serrate; cymes short-pedunculate,
densely many-flowered, about 7 cm. broad, covered with sparse appressed
whitish hairs; calyx 2 to 2.5 mm. long; corolla 3 mm. long.
The material available is incomplete, but the very large flowers indicate that
the plant is specifically distinct.
9. Cissus salutaris H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 225. 1821.
Oaxaca and Veracruz. Colombia and Venezuela; type from Venezuela.
Stems sparsely hispidulous; leaflets 3, obovate or elliptic-obovate, 4.5 to
9 em. long, coarsely crenate-serrate, with conspicuous reticulate venation,
hairy on both surfaces or finally glabrate; flowers umbellate-cymose, the pedi-
cels hairy.
10. Cissus rhombifolia Vahl, Hclog. Amer. 1: 11. 1796.
’ Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. West Indies, Central
America, and South America.
Leaflets 3, ovate, rhombic, or broadly elliptic, 4 to 10 cm. long, all petiolu-
late, sharply serrate, hirtellous on one or both surfaces; flowers in cymose
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 733
umbels, the pedicels hairy; petals often hirtellous; fruit black. ‘Palo huaco
(hueco ?)” (San Luis Potosi, Palmer).
Palmer reports that in San Luis Potosi an infusion of the stems in “ aguar-
diente’”’ is used as a remedy for stomach troubles. The species has been re-
ported from Yucatan, where it is said to bear the Maya name “ xtab-canil.”
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CISSUS MEXICANA DC. Prodr. 1: 631. 1824. Described from Mexico; said to
haev 5 leaflets, and perhaps a synonym of Parthenocissus quinquefolia.
4. AMPELOCISSUS Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 368. 1887.
1. Ampelocissus acapulcensis (H. B. K.) Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5:
403. 1887.
Vitis acapulcensis H. B. K.-Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 2380. 1825.
? Ampelocissus erdwendbergii Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 404. 1887.
Sinaloa to Guerrero and Morelos; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. El Sal-
vador.
Large vine; leaves broadly cordate, 7 to 16 cm. long, acute, erose-dentate,
angulate or often shallowly 3-lobate, densely ferruginous-tomentose beneath, at
least when young; flowers dioecious, the staminate in very dense cymes about
8 cm. broad, the branches densely tomentose; petals red, glabrous; fruit wine-
colored, with a bloom, 12 to 25 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Uva” (Guerrero).
In general appearance the plant is similar to some species of Vitis, but the
large fruits and inflorescences are unlike those of any native Mexican Vitis.
No information is available concerning the quality of the fruit; but its large
size indicates that the plant might be a valuable one in cultivation.
5. AMPELOPSIS Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 159. 1803.
Large vines with coiling tendrils; leaves simple or compound; flowers
polygamo-dioecious or polygamo-monoecious; petals 5; fruit 2 to 4-seeded, not
edible.
Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Rusby has been reported from Yucatan, but the
report is based upon specimens of Cissus trifoliata L.
ARGU CES Int p Oke sae rrsees Min ety 0 ee ee eee 1. A. cordata.
ICCAVESERICOLIOLAL@ ease 22 as ba 2 ie caer 2 ee 2. A. mexicana.
1. Ampelopsis cordata Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 159. 1803.
Veracruz. Southern and central United States.
Glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves broadly ovate, deltoid-ovate, or
eordate-ovate, 5 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate; cymes
small and loose; fruit 2-seeded, bluish, 4 to 6 mm. in diameter.
2. Ampelopsis mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 51. 1905,
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Acaponeta, Tepic.
Stems glabrous, glaucescent; leaflets ovate to elliptic, 3 to 6 cm. long,
acuminate, coarsely serrate, pale beneath, pilosulous when young but soon
glabrate; cymes long-pedunculate, loose and open; seeds 2 or 3.
This was described originally as having twice or thrice ternate leaves, an
error arising from the fact that a branch was mistaken for the rachis of a leaf.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
AMPELOPSIS ?DENUDATA Planch. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 5: 619. 1887. Type
from Xochicalco, Mexico.
734 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
93. ELAEOCARPACEAE. Elaeocarpus Family.
Trees; leaves alternate or subopposite, simple; flowers perfect, 4 or 5-parted ;
sepals valvate; petals present or absent; stamens numerous; fruit baccate or
capsular.
Krvibupaccate:: petals. present. — ooo. bo a ee 1. MUNTINGIA.
Bruit capsular; petals none@sseseghes ie een ee oe 2. SLOANEA.
1. MUNTINGIA L. Sp. Pl. 509. 1753.
1. Muntingia calabura L. Sp. Pl. 509. 1753.
Guerrero to Veracruz, Yucatan, and Chiapas. West Indies, Central America,
and northern South America; type from Jamaica.
Small tree, 6 to 10 meters high; leaves alternate, lance-oblong, 6 to 14 em.
long, acuminate, oblique at base, 3-nerved, dentate, glabrate above, tomentose
beneath; flowers white, perfect, the long pedicels solitary or fasciculate in
the leaf axils; sepals 5; petals 5, about 1 cm. long; stamens numerous, free;
fruit baccate, globose, about 1 cm. in diameter, glabrous, many-celled. ‘‘ Capu-
lin” (Tabasco, Yucatin, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Guerrero, Costa Rica, Guatemala,
El Salvador, Nicaragua) ; “ capolin” (Yucatan); ‘“ jonote” (Oaxaca); “ ber-
silana” (Chiapas); ‘ puan” (Veracruz, Palmer); “ palman” (Puebla, Rami-
rez); ‘“capuli’” (Cuba, El Salvador); “capulina,”’ ‘ memizo,” ‘“ guicima
cerezo” (Cuba); “ chitotd,” ‘“‘manguito,” ‘ acurucd,”’ ‘“ chirriador,” ‘ maja-
giiito’’ (Colombia) ; ‘‘mahaujo” (Colombia, Venezuela) ; ‘ datiles,” ‘“ ratiles ”
(Philippines, the latter a Tagalog corruption); “cedrillo,” ‘ majagua ”’
(Venezuela) ; “ memiso” (Santo Domingo).
The tree has become naturalized in Siam and the Philippines. The bark
contains a tough fiber which is used in tropical America for making rope and
twine. The fruit is edible; it is yellow or red and very sweet. Descourtilz
ascribes antispasmodic properties to the flowers.
2. SLOANEA L. Sp. Pl. 512. 1753.
1. Sloanea mexicana Standl., sp. nov.
Type from La Siberia, Michoacin or Guerrero, altitude 1,000 meters
(Langlassé 980; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 386311).
Tree, 15 to 20 meters high, with yellow flowers; branchlets densely tomentu-
lose; petiole 9 em. long, tomentulose; leaf blades (only one seen) elliptic, 35
em. long, 17.5 em. wide, subcordate at base, subacute at apex, thin, sinuate
toward the apex, glabrous except on the veins, there puberulent, the venation
prominent beneath; flowers in axillary racemes, these about T-flowered,
tomentulose, the stout pedicels 0.5 to 2.5 em. long; sepals 5 to 8, oblong, or
ovate-oblong, obtuse or acutish, tomentulose, 5 to 7 mm. long; stamens very
numerous, longer than the calyx, puberulent; anthers linear-lanceolate, less
than half as long as the filaments; ovary 4-celled, densely pilose.
Several species of Sloanea have been reported from Central America, but
none of them agree with the Mexican specimens.
94. TILIACEAE. Linden Family.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, simple, sometimes lobate, stipulate, com-
monly deciduous; pubescence mostly of branched hairs; flowers usually per-
fect; sepals 5, rarely 3 or 4, free or coherent, commonly valvate; petals as
many as the sepals, or wanting; stamens usually numerous; fruit 2 to 10-celled,
or by abortion 1-celled, dry or drupaceous, dehiscent or indehiscent.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 735
Peduncle adnate.to.a.bract; fruit nutlike__-—___.-_-_______________ 1, TELA.
Pedunele not adnate to a bract; fruit not nutlike.
Fruit unarmed.
Fruit silique-like, long and slender; flowers smal]________ 2. CORCHORUS.
Fruit a thick broad capsule; flowers large.
Capsule thin, compressed, bivalvate______-_______________ 3. BELOTIA.
Capsule hard and woody, 5-angled, 5-valvate_-________-____ 4. LUEHEA.
Fruit armed with spines or bristles.
Avithers linear: LEUit (\GepLeSSCG es ee es ee 5. APEIBA.
Anthers short; fruit not depressed.
Fruit compressed, bivalvate, radiately bristly along the edges.
6. HELIOCARPUS.
Fruit not compressed, usually indehiscent, covered on all sides with
SDINCS Bie ie see See ee ee ee 7. TRIUMFETTA.
1. TILIA L. Sp. Pl. 514. 17583.
Trees, the pubescence of simple or stellate hairs; leaves usually obliquely
cordate, serrate; flowers white or yellowish, in axillary or terminal cymes,
the peduncle winged with a large, foliaceous, partly adnate bract; sepals
distinct ; fruit globose, nutlike, indehiscent, 1 or 2-seeded.
The English names applied to species of Tilia are “linden” and “ basswood.”
The trees are excellent shade trees and are often planted for this purpose.
They are well adapted to street planting. The wood is light brown, soft, and
light, with a specific gravity of 0.40 to 0.45. It is employed extensively for
construction purposes, furniture, carriages, woodenware, and paper pulp. The
tough fiber of the bark is sometimes utilized for cordage and rough mats.
The sap is said to contain considerable sugar. The sweet-scented flowers yield
an excellent quality of honey. The bark and leaves in water give a mucilagi-
nous infusion. The flowers of 7. europaea L. are official in the German Pharma-
copoeia. They contain a colorless fragrant volatile oil, and are employed as
a remedy for hysteria and indigestion.
Leaves glabrous beneath except sometimes in the axils of the veins.
Leaves barbate beneath in the axils of the veins_____________ 1. T. floridana.
Leaves entirely glabrous beneath_______________________--- 2. T. mexicana.
Leaves finely or coarsely stellate-tomentose beneath.
Tomentum of the lower leaf surface loose and spreading, especially along
the: veins; - brownish= 2235 es OOF Ie ae 2k aes 8. T. occidentalis.
Tomentum fine, close, and grayish__________-_____-__-_-_--_ > 4. T. houghi.
1. Tilia floridana Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 761, 1835. 1903.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leén. Southeastern United States; type
from Florida.
Leaves 7 to 12 em. long, 5 to 7.5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, serrate with ab-
ruptly mucronate teeth, the lower surface at first with a few scattered stellate
hairs but soon glabrous; bracts long-pedunculate; petals 6 to 7 mm. long;
fruit about 8 mm. long, densely tomentulose.
The Mexican specimens have been determined by Dr. C. S. Sargent. One
specimen from Nuevo Leon (Pringle 10188) was distributed as a new species.
2. Tilia mexicana Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 377. 1837.
Known only from the type locality, Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco, Veracruz.
Leaves very oblique at base, not cordate, 10 cm. long and 6 cm. wide or
smaller, short-acuminate, with very acute gland-tipped teeth.
736 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The writer has seen no material agreeing with the original description, in
which the lack of pubescence upon the leaves is emphasized. Most Mexican
specimens of Tilia have been referred previously to this species.
8. Tilia occidentalis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 317. 1905.
Michoacan and Guerrero; type from mountains near Paitzcuaro, Michoacan.
Leaves 7 to 15 cm. long (on young shoots as much as 23 cm.), 5.5 to 11 cm.
wide, abruptly short-acuminate, obliquely truncate to cordate at base, gla-
brous above, loosely tomentose beneath or in age glabrate; bracts sessile or
short-pedunculate; petals 6 to 7 mm. long; fruit about 6 mm. long. “ Sirimo,”
“tirimo” (Michoacan).
4. Tilia houghi Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 318. 1905.
Michoacin to Oaxaca, Hidalgo, and Veracruz; type from Cuernavaca,
Morelos.
Leaves 6 to 16 em. long, 4.5 to 12 cm. wide, abruptly short-acuminate, ob-
liquely truncate to cordate at base, bright green and glabrate above, densely
and persistently tomentulose beneath; bracts sessile or pedunculate; petals 6
to 7 mm. long; fruit about 7 mm. in diameter, densely tomentulose. ‘ Tilo”
(Valley of Mexico); “sirimo” or “cirimo” (Valley of Mexico, Oaxaca) ;
“vaca” (Oaxaca).
A Tilia has been reported from Jalisco by Oliva, and is probably of this
species. The plant is employed in Mexico as a substitute for the European 7.
europaea. <A decoction of the leaves is used to heal wounds and as a remedy
for rheumatism.
2. CORCHORUS L. Sp. Pl. 529. 1753.
Herbs or shrubs, with mostly simple hairs; leaves serrate; flowers axillary
or opposite the leaves, the peduncles mostly 1-flowered; flowers small, yellow;
fruit a capsule, elongate and silique-like, 2 to 5-celled, many-seeded.
The species are essentially herbs, but they sometimes persist and become
suffrutescent. C. capsularis L. and C. olitorius L. of the Old World tropics
furnish the jute fiber of commerce.
Capsules strongly compressed, 2-horned at apex______--_-___- 1. C. siliquosus.
Capsule only slightly compressed, acuminate at apex, not 2-horned.
Capsules erect-ascending, straight________________________ 2. C. orinocensis.
Capsules. spreading) curvedis 20" 2 PU UN ee ee ee ae 3. C. hirtus.
1. Corchorus siliquosus L. Sp. Pl. 529. 1753.
Reported from Yucatén and Tabasco. Texas, West Indies, Central America,
and northern South America.
Plants herbaceous or woody, often 1 meter high, the stems pilosulous or gla-
brate; leaves short-petiolate, ovate, lance-ovate, or obovate, 0.5 to 2.5 cm.
long, obtuse or acute, crenate-dentate, glabrous; petals 5 mm. long; capsules
4 to 5 mm. long. “Té de perla” (HI Salvador); “escoba blanca” (Porto
Rico) ; “malva té” (Cuba, Porto Rico) ; “ té” (Panama).
The leaves are sometimes employed as a substitute for Chinese tea.
2. Corchorus orinocensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 387. 1821.
Yueatin and probably elsewhere. Arizona, West Indies, and South America.
Stems puberulent or glabrate; leaves narrowly lanceolate to ovate, 3.5 to 6
em. long, usually long-acuminate, crenate, glabrous; petals about 8 mm. long;
capsules 3.5 to 5 em. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. i37
8. Corchorus hirtus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 747. 1762.
Corchorus pilolobus Link, Enum. Pl. 2: 72. 1822.
Sinaloa and Tepic and probably elsewhere. West Indies, Central America,
and South America.
Stems pilosulous or glabrate; leaves ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 to 5.5
em. long, acute or acuminate, crenate, glabrous; capsules 3 to 5 em. long,
“ Malva té” (Porto Rico).
8. BELOTIA A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 9: 207. 1845.
Trees or shrubs; leaves 3-nerved, serrate; flowers in terminal panicles and
lateral cymes; sepals distinct; capsule 2-celled, obcompressed; seeds long-
ciliate.
Leaves covered beneath with a very fine and dense, grayish, closely appressed
tomentum, sometimes also stellate-pilosulous____--____ 1. B. grewiaefolia,
Leaves loosely stellate-pilosulous beneath but without tomentum.
2. B. mexicana.
1. Belotia grewiaefolia A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 9: 207. pl. 21. 1845.
Belotia galeottii Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 19: 504. 1846.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala and Cuba; type from Cuba.
Tree, 9 to 24 meters high; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, 8 to 18 cm.
long, acuminate, rounded at base, serrulate, green above and finally glabrate;
sepals 6 to 10 mm. long; fruit 1 to 2 cm. long and somewhat broader, stellate
pilose. ‘“ Yaco de venado,” ‘“ patita’” (Oaxaca); “jonote coyolillo” (Vera-
cruz) ; “ guacimilla,” “ majagtiilla blanca,” “ majagtiilla macho” (Cuba).
It is probably this species which is reported from Tabasco as “ palencano.”
The wood is said to be soft, but it is used for rafters and other objects. The
tough fiber of the bark is employed for cordage.
2. Belotia mexicana (DC.) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 28.
1890.
Grewia mexicana DC. Prodr. 1: 510. 1824.
? Belotia insignis Baill. Adansonia 10: 182. 1872.
Tepic to Oaxaca.
Tree, 5 to 6 meters high; leaves lance-oblong to broadly elliptic, 7 to 18 cm.
long, obtuse or acute, velutinous or in age glabrate on the upper surface, serru-
late; flowers purplish, the sepals 10 to 12 mm. long; fruit about 2 cm. long and
2.5 em. wide, densely pilose. ‘“‘ Yaco de cal,” “ yaco venado” (Oaxaca).
It is perhaps this species which is reported from Chiapas by Ramirez with
the vernacular name “ capulincillo,” but that name (which would indicate a
fleshy fruit) is scarcely applicable to a plant of this genus.
4. LUEHEA Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Neue Schrift. 3: 410. 1801.
Shrubs or trees; leaves dentate, 3 or 5-nerved; flowers large and showy,
white, in axillary cymes, the calyx subtended by numerous bractlets; Sepals 5;
capsule large, woody, 5-celled, usually 5-angulate, many-Seeded.
Bractlets linear, finely pilosulous within; fruit obtusely angulate.
1. L. speciosa.
Bractlets lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, pilose-barbate within along the costa;
Pre ACChVeANOUlLAtC se 2 eee 2 ee 2. L. candida.
7808—23——15
738 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Luehea speciosa Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Neue Schrift. 3: 410.
1801.
Luehea platypetala A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 9: 212. pl. 28. 1845.
Luehea scabrifolia Presl, Epim. Bot. 212. 1849.
Veracruz, Yucatin, Campeche, and Oaxaca. Cuba, Central America, and
South America.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 15 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic to oval or
elliptic-ovate, 10 to 22 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, cordate or rounded at
base, green and Scabrous above, pale-tomentulose beneath, serrate; petals 2.5 to
4.5 cm. long; capsule 3 to 4 em. long, densely pubescent. ‘“‘ Pepe cacao” (Cam-
peche); ‘“kazeat,’ “chacah” (Yucatén, Maya); “guAcimo” (Panamia) ;
“guacimo macho” (Costa Rica); “ pataxtillo” (Tabasco) ; “ tabl6n” (Colom-
bia) ; “‘gu4cima amarilla,”’ “ guécima varia,” “ guécima baria” (Cuba).
2. Luehea candida (DC.) Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 102. 1824.
Alegria candida DC. Prodr. 1: 517. 1824.
Luehea mexicana Spach; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 77. 1841.
Luehea endopogon Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 317: 225. 1858.
Sinaloa to Chiapas. Central America and Colombia.
Tree, 4 to 6 meters high; leaves broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 10 to 20 cm.
long, acute er abruptly acuminate, rounded or cordate at base, serrate, scabrous
above, tomentulose beneath; petals 5 to 5.5 cm. long, 3 to 4 em. wide; capsule
5 to 6 ecm. long, glabrate in age. “ Pataxte,” “patazte” (Oaxaca); “ algo-
doncillo” (Michoacin, Guerrero); ‘‘molenillo”’ (Nicaragua, Costa Rica) ;
“euacimo molenillo” (Costa Rica).
In Central America the dry fruit, deprived of its seeds, is fastened to the
end of a stick and used to beat chocolate, thus making the beverage light and |
frothy.
5. APEIBA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 538. 1775.
1. Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 538, pl. 213. 1775.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies; Central and South America.
Tree, 6 to 7 meters high, with flat spreading crown; leaves short-petiolate,
elliptic-oval or elliptic-ovate, 10 to 30 ecm. long, acute or short-acuminate,
cordate at base, 5-nerved, crenulate, stellate-hirtellous; flowers yellowish, in
lateral cymes; sepals free; petals about 1.5 cm. long; fruit depressed-globose,
8 to 10 cm. in diameter, coriaceous, pulpy within, very densely covered with
long stout hairy spines. ‘“ Peine de mico” (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Costa Rica,
Panama) ; “burillo” (Nicaragua) ; “ heriso,” “erizo” (Colombia, Venezuela) ;
“malagano” (Colombia) ; “ cabeza de negro” (Guiana).
The bark fiber is said to be used in some localities for making coarse rope.
The leaves and bark are mucilaginous, and antispasmodic properties are
ascribed to the flowers.
6. HELIOCARPUS L. Sp. Pl. 448. 1753.
Trees or shrubs, the pubescence of stellate hairs; leaves often trilobate;
flowers small, the small cymes arranged in a terminal panicle; sepals 4, dis-
tinct; petals 4; stamens numerous; fruit capsular, subglobose or subclavate,
2-celled, slightly compressed, the edge surrounded by a row of radiating plu-
mose bristles.
Many of the Mexican species are imperfectly known, the fruit being lacking
in some cases and the flowers in others. The differences between the species,
moreover, are not sharply marked.
Besides the vernacular names listed under the species, the following addi-
tional ones are reported for plants whose specific identity is doubtful: “ Coche”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 739
(Sinaloa) ; “‘cuaulahuac” (Veracruz) ; “ jolocin blanco” (Tabasco); “ cuau-
lote,” “xolotzin” (various parts of Mexico); “burillo falso” (Nicaragua) ;
“calagiie,” “calagua,” “calagual” (El Salvador); “ tolotzin,” “catena”
(Tabasco); “copal” (Veracruz); ‘“majahua” (Jalisco); ‘“ yaga-guiehi”
(Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko).
The wood of these trees is soft and light, and is employed for floats and
bottle stoppers. In Brazil paper has been made from it. In Mexico a kind
of paper was formerly made from the bark by beating it into thin sheets. The
bark of young branches is tough and is often used as a substitute for cordage,
or sometimes coarse rope and twine is made from it. The pulverized bark, or
a decoction of it, is sometimes applied to sores.
Fruit borne on a long bristly stipe.
Leaf blades with stipule-like appendages at base______ 1. H. appendiculatus.
Leaf blades not appendaged.
Leaves densely tomentose or stellate-pilose beneath, with loose spreading
} ONG Ep Spt i A gn Ds ae il ta ain el ath 2. H. tomentosus.
Leaves glabrate beneath, sparsely pilose, or covered with a minute close
tomentum.
Leaf blades as broad as long or nearly so_______________ 3. H. tigrinus.’
Leaf blades much longer than broad.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so____--_________- 4. H. glabrescens.’
Leaves covered: beneath with minute stellate hairs.
5. H. donnell-smithii.
Fruit sessile or nearly so.
Leaves covered beneath with a pale close minute tomentum.
eaves about-as broad‘as longs == 22h sree es 6. H. velutinus.
eaves much longer than broad 2 esse ek ss Bees ae 7. H. pallidus,
Leaves glabrous beneath or with pubescence of coarse spreading hairs.
Calyx lobes not appendaged________________________ 8. H. terebinthaceus.
Calyx lobes appendaged at apex.
Leaves glabrous or glabrate beneath, or with scattered stellate hairs.
Body of the fruit elliptic-oblong_________________ 9. H. glanduliferus,
Body of the fruit suborbicular.
Leaves about as broad as long, shallowly lobed______ 3. H. tigrinus.
Leaves much longer than broad, not lobed.
eaves CordateratsWase 22 ee ee eae 10. H. polyandrus.
Leaves rounded or cuneate at base___________ 11. H. occidentalis.
Leaves densely stellate-tomentose beneath.
Leaves nearly or quite as broad as long, usually lobed.
12. H. reticulatus.
Leaves about twice as broad as long, not lobed.
Sepals 4.5 mm. long, with erect appendages______ 13. H. attenuatus.
Sepals 2 to 3 mm. long, with spreading appendages.
j 14. H. palmeri.
1. Heliocarpus appendiculatus Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 81*: 226. 1858.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Chiapas, and Tabasco; type from Teapa, Tabasco.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high; leaves ovate to orbicular, 10 to 20
em. long, acute or acuminate, usually not lobed, dentate, stellate-tomentose be-
neath; sepals 5 to 6 mm. long, not appendaged; fruit (including bristles) 10 to
14 mm. wide, very hairy. ‘“‘ Majagua’’ (Chiapas) ; “ burio” (Costa Rica).
1The fruit is not known in these species.
740 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Heliocarpus tomentosus Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 317: 225. 1858.
Puebla, Oaxaca, and Veracruz; type from Mirador, Veracruz.
Shrub or tree, 4.5 to 9 meters high; leaves large, broadly ovate, acute or acumi-
nate, cordate at base, not lobed; flowers yellowish white, the sepals about 5
mm. long, not appendaged; fruit (and bristles) 7 to 8 mm. wide. “ Jonote”
(Veracruz).
This, like some other species, has been reported from Mexico as H. ameri-
canus L.
8. Heliocarpus tigrinus Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 18-19: 123. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, Moreno, Michoacan, altitude 450 meters.
Shrub, 4.5 meters high, with glabrous stems; leaves 5 to 15 cm. long, sharply
serrate, cordate at base, green, thinly pilose beneath; flowers yellowish green,
the sepals 5 mm. long; fruit not known.
4. Heliocarpus glabrescens Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 18-19: 122. 1914.
Known only from the original collection, from the cordillera of Veracruz,
altitude 1,000 meters.
Branches glabrous; leaves ovate, 5 to 11 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded
at base, glabrous but penicillate beneath in the axils of the nerves, dentate;
sepals 6 mm. long; fruit not known.
5. Heliocarpus donnell-smithii Rose, Bot. Gaz. 31:110. pl. 1. 1901.
Heliocarpus caeciliae Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nev. Fedde 12: 227. 1913.
Veracruz and Tabasco. Guatemala and Nicaragua; type from Arenal, Guate-
mala.
Tree, 7 to 9 meters high; branches sparsely stellate-pilose; leaves ovate or
lance-ovate, 6 to 15 em. long, acuminate, subcordate at base, serrulate; fruit
10 to 12 mm. broad. ‘ Jolocin”’ (Tabasco).
6. Heliocarpus velutinus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 317. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, limestone hills near Yautepec, Morelos,
altitude 1,350 meters.
Small tree; leaves long-petiolate, about 15 cm. long, shallowly trilobate,
cordate at base, crenate, green and glabrate above; fruit 5 to 6 mm. broad, the
bristles shorter than the diameter of the body.
7. Heliocarpus pallidus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 128. pl. 10. 1897.
Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub or tree, 3.5 to 7.5 meters high, the branches minutely stellate-tomentu-
lose; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, sometimes shallowly lobate, long-
acuminate, serrate, rounded at base; sepals 6 mm. long; fruit about 10 mm.
broad.
8. Heliocarpus terebinthaceus (DC.) Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 18-19:
125. 1914.
Grewia terebinthacea DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 114. 1818.
Heliocarpus nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 128. 1897.
Heliocarpus laevis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 317. 1905.
Jalisco to Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree, 2.5 to 6 meters high, the branches stellate-tomentose ;
leaves large, cuspidate-acuminate, dentate, stellate-tomentose on both surfaces ;
sepals 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit densely covered with plumose bristles. “ Jonote”
(Oaxaca).
9. Heliocarpus glanduliferus Robinson; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 127.
1897.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America; type from Santa Maria, Guate-
mala.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 741
Tree, about 6 meters high; leaves broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, long-acumi-
nate, stellate-pubescent and glandular beneath, crenate-serrate; sepals 5 to 6
mm. long; fruit body 6 to 7 mm. long, glandular, the margin fringed with
plumose bristles. ‘“ Calagiie” (El Salvador).
10. Heliocarpus polyandrus 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 420. 1886.
Heliocarpus glaber T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 209. 1905
Chihuahua, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Hacienda San Miguel, south-
western Chihuahua.
Shrub, 3 meters high; leaves broadly ovate, 7 to 18 cm. long, acute or acumi-
nate, crenate, nearly glabrous; sepals 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit 5 to 6 mm. wide,
the bristles short.
11. Heliocarpus occilentalis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 127. pl. 8. 1897.
Colima and Guerrero; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub or tree, 4.5 to 9 meters high, the trunk 7.5 to 12 cm. in diameter;
leaves broadly ovate or lance-ovate, acuminate, crenate; fruit about 12 mm.
broad, the bristles much longer than the body.
12. Heliocarpus reticulatus Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 5: 128. pl. 9. 1897.
Heliocarpus microcarpus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 316. 1905.
Zacatecas, Durango, and Jalisco to Morelos and Chiapas; type from
Guadalajara, Jalisco. Guatemala.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 8 meters high, the branches stellate-tomentose; leaves
large, long-petiolate, cuspidate-acuminate, cordate at base, serrate, tomentose
on both surfaces; sepals 5 to 6 mm. long; fruit 6 to 12 mm. broad, very
hairy. ‘ Quauhalagua” or “cuahualagua” (Morelos, Puebla); “ jolotzin”
(Morelos).
13. Heliocarpus attenuatus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 420. 1886.
Chihuahua, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Hacienda San Miguel, south-
western Chihuahua.
Shrub or tree, 2.5 to 12 meters high, the trunk sometimes 25 to 30 cm. in
diameter, the branchlets tomentose; leaves ovate, 5 to 12 ecm. long, long-
acuminate, cordate at base. ‘‘Zamo baboso” (Sinaloa).
14. Heliocarpus palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 420. 1886.
Known only from the type locality, Hacienda San Miguel, southwestern
Chihuahua.
Shrub, 2.5 to 83 meters high, the branches closely tomentose; leaves ovate,
7 to 15 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, crenate-
serrate.
7. TRIUMFETTA L. Sp. Pl. 444. 1753.
Shrubs or sometimes herbs, with stellate pubescence; leaves often 3 or 5-
lobate; flowers small or large, yellow, axillary or opposite the leaves, fasciculate-
cymulose; sepals 5, appendaged at apex; petals 5, rarely absent; stamens 10
to many; fruit subglobose, 2 to 5-celled, indehiscent or separating into 2 to
5 cocci, covered with short or long spines, each of these uncinate at apex.
The fruits adhere readily to cothing and other objects by their hooked
spines. The inner bark of all species yields a strong fiber, resembling jute,
which is suitable for the manufacture of cordage.
The plants are said to have received the name “ paroquet-bur” in Jamaica,
because parokets feed on the ripe fruit. The names “ jonote,” “ cajete”
(Chiapas), and “ giiizapol de borrego” (Jalisco) are reported for Mexican
plants of the genus, whose specific identity is uncertain.
742 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Spines of the fruit retrorsely barbate.
Petals none; gynophore very short, without glands____________ 1. T. lappula.
Petals present; gynophore somewhat elongate, with 5 glands at base.
Upper surface of leaves densely stellate-pubescent______ 2. T. semitriloba.
Upper surface of leaves pilose with long, mostly simple hairs.
3. T. dumetorum.
Spines of the fruit glabrous, puberulent, or pilose with long spreading hairs.
Calyx 20 to 35 mm. long, or sometimes larger.
Petals less than half as long as the sepals and concealed by them.
4. T. speciosa.
Petals nearly as long as the sepals, conspicuous. ,
Leaves ovate or broadly rhombic, long-petiolate, broadest at or near
the base.
Petiole with large glands at apex; leaves broadly rhombic; petals 5 to
Giamif wide: =. SesPey. Aire Ae esa a ae ee oe 5. T. coriacea.
Petiole without glands; leaves ovate or lance-ovate; petals 2 mm. wide.
Petals densely long-pilose at base________________ 6. T. columnaris.
Petals very sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent at base.
7. T. chihuahuensis.
Leaves oblong to rounded-obovate, short-petiolate or sessile, broadest
at or above the middle.
Sepals with very short thick appendages; leaves minutely stellate-
pubescent on the upper surface__________-~-______ 8. T. cucullata.
Sepals with long slender appendages; leaves coarsely stellate-pubes-
cent on the upper surface.
Sepals -2'Ssto o/5vem:rlong 2s. 2k ree ae eee 9. T. polyandra.
Sepals 2iem: longis ts ee seis £3 ee eee 10. T. obovata.
Calyx 6 to 18 mm. long.
IREERIS MON Cee ees ee ee ee ee Lae ee ee ee eee 11. T. apetala.
Petals present.
TUL Gehi seem tas a ee ee kee ars ee ee 12. T. dehiscens.
Fruit (so far as known) indehiscent.
Appendages of the sepals 3.5 to 5 mm. long__-__-_____ 13. T. falcifera.
Appendages less than 3 mm. long.
Leaves glabrous, or the pubescence of the upper surface chiefly
or wholly of simple hairs.
Leaves glabrous except for tufts of hairs beneath in the axils of
Phepveins-sy eee Bes pe eh et ee ee 14. T. mexicana.
Leaves pubescent on one or both surfaces.
Spines nearly or quite as long as the body of the fruit, slender;
leaves broadly ovate, slender-cuspidate__15. T. grandiflora.
Spines very short, stout; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate.
16. T. goldmanii.
Leaves copiously stellate-pubescent or tomentose on both surfaces.
Petioles short and stout, usually less than 1 ecm. long, the upper
leaves mostly sessile.
Upper leaves sessile; stamens usually 15______-_ 17. T. palmeri.
Upper leaves petiolate ; stamens 25 to 30________ 18. T. brevipes.
Petioles long and slender.
Sepals glabrous or glabrate_______-_-___--__ 19. T. acracantha.
Sepals stellate-pilose.
Spines of the fruit few, much thickened below.
20. T. socorrensis.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 743
Spines numerous, very slender.
Petals half as long as the sepals or shorter.
21. T. galeottiana.
Petals nearly as long as the sepals_________ 22. T. discolor.
1. Triumfetta lappula L. Sp. Pl. 444. 1753.
Morelos, Oaxaca, and probably elsewhere. West Indies, Central America,
and western Africa.
Slender shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, ovate or rhombic,
often trilobate, dentate, acute or acuminate, finely stellate-pubescent; sepals
3 to 4 mm. long, densely tomentose; fruit (including spines) 6 to 8 mm. in
diameter, stellate-pubescent, the spines slender. ‘‘ Mozote de caballo” (Costa
Rica, Nicaragua) ; “ pega-pega”’ (Panama); “ cadillo” (Porto Rico); “ mata
de negro” (Santo Domingo).
The bark furnishes a fine and strong fiber. The leaves and bark contain a
sweet, slightly astringent mucilage, and an infusion is used in Costa Rica as
a remedy for colds. The plant is used also to purify or clarify syrup, in mak-
ing native sugar.
2. Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 22. 1760.
? Triumfetta althaeoides Lam. Encycl. 3: 420. 1789.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Yucatan, and Chiapas. West Indies, Central America,
and South America.
Slender shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves ovate to rhombic, long-petiolate,
acute or acuminate, rounded or cordate at base, often shallowly lobed; sepals
5 to 7 mm. long; petals yellow, about equaling the sepals; fruit 6 to 8 mm.
in diameter, the body glabrate in age, the spines slender. ‘ Majalmilla,”
“majahuilla” (Sinaloa); ‘ecadillo” (Tabasco, Veracruz, Porto Rico, Co-
lombia) ; “ ochmul” (Yucatan) ; “abrojo” (Colima) ; ‘“ huizapotillo”’ (Jalisco,
Urbina) ; “cadillo malva” (Tamaulipas) ; ‘‘ guizazo,” ‘‘ guizazo de cochino”
(Cuba) ; “ escobilla amarilla” (Guatemala).
Like the other species, this plant has tough fiber, which has been used for
making rope, coarse cloth, and, in Brazil, paper. The roots are mucilaginous
and astringent, and they are said to have diuretic properties. Locally they are
administered for venereal diseases and for liver and kidney affections.
3. Triumfetta dumetorum Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 377. 1887.
Triumfetta lindeniana Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31*: 229. 1858,
Triumfetta botteriana Turez. Bull. Soe. Nat. Moscou 827: 260. 1859.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate to oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, sometimes lobate, duplicate-
serrate, green beneath and thinly stellate-hirsute; calyx 6 to 8 mm. long, often
glabrate; petals equaling the sepals, yellow; fruit 8 to 10 mm. in diameter,
with very slender spines.
It is not improbable that some earlier name, eats upon a West Indian or
South American plant, may be found for this species.
4. Triumfetta speciosa Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 86. 1853.
Triumfetta macrocalyxz Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 317: 230. 1858.
Triumfetta micropetala Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 18-19: 98. 1914.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central America; type from Boquete,
Panama.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, usually 3-lobate, acute or
acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, serrulate, densely tomentose be-
neath; sepals red, 3 to 4 em. long, hirsute, with slender appendages; fruit 1
to 2 cm. in diameter, the spines slender, usually very hairy.
144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
5. Triumfetta coriacea Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 18-19: 108. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, in the Sierra Madre of Michoacin or
Guerrero, altitude 800 meters.
Shrub, 1.5 meters high; petiole with several large glands at the apex; leaves
short-acuminate, rounded or cuneate at base, dentate, minutely tomentose be-
neath; sepals about 22 mm. long, with very short appendages; petals 2 cm.
long, yellow.
6. Triumfetta columnaris Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 18-19: 101. 1914.
Triumfetta pseudocolumnaris Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 18-19: 103.
1914.
Oaxaca and Chiapas, and perhaps elsewhere; type from Totontepec.
Shrub; leaves 4 to 9 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base,
serrate, villous-tomentose beneath; sepals about 2 ecm. long, thinly stellate-
pilose; petals linear, about as long as the sepals, densely pilose at base.
7. Triumfetta chihuahuensis Standl., sp. nov.
Chihuahua; type from Guayanopa Canyon in the Sierra Madre, altitude
1,500 meters (M. H. Jones, September 28, 1903; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 855849).
Slender shrub; leaves long-petiolate, lanceolate to rounded-ovate, long-
acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, serrate, finely stellate-pubescent,
green beneath, 5 or 7-nerved at base; sepals 20 to 22 mm. long, sparsely stellate-
pubescent; petals linear-oblanceolate, shorter than the sepals, acute, glabrous
except at base; fruit (including spines) 8 mm. in diameter, minutely puberu-
lent, covered with slender spines.
8. Triumfetta cucullata Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 532. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Zopilote, Tepic.
Petioles bearing several large glands; leaves mostly oblong-elliptic, 3-nerved,
acute, obtuse or cuneate at base, glandular-serrulate, very rough; sepals 2.5 to 3
cm, long, stellate-tomentose; petals spatulate, nearly equaling the sepals.
9. Triumfetta polyandra DC. Prodr. 1: 508. 1825.
Triumfetta insignis S. Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 22: 400. 1887.
Sinaloa to Chiapas.
Leaves 3 or 5-nerved, oblong to oval or sometimes rounded, 7 to 15 em. long,
obtuse or acute, obtuse or subcordate at base, glandular-serrulate, tomentose
beneath; sepals stellate-tomentose; petals oblanceolate, obtuse, yellow, about
as long as the sepals; fruit 2.5 to 4 cm. in diameter, covered with very numer-
ous slender plumose spines. ‘“ Pastora,”’ “cadillo’” “ guachapure de la sierra
(Sinaloa).
10. Triumfetta obovata Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 228. 1830.
Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna.
Branches and leaves densely tomentose; leaves obovate or rounded-obovate,
acute or obtuse, shallowly cordate at base, serrulate, 3 or 5-nerved; calyx
tomentose; fruit about 2 em. in diameter, covered with long slender plumose
spines.
It is doubtful whether this is distinct from J. polyandra. The writer has
seen only a single specimen, but it appears to have decidedly smaller flowers
than that species.
11. Triumfetta apetala Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 18-19: 97. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, mountains of Oaxaca, altitude 1,300 to
1,600 meters.
Shrub; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 8 to 10 cm. long, long-petiolate, long-
acuminate, dentate, stellate-pilose; sepals 4 mm. long; fruit 4 mm. in diameter,
glabrous. i
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 745
12. Triumfetta dehiscens Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 185. 1909.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Colomas, Sinaloa.
Shrub; leaves broadly ovate, acuminate, duplicate-serrate, gray-tomentose
beneath, with glands at base of blade; flowers not known; fruit glabrate, 1
em. in diameter, 5-celled, covered with very slender spines.
13. Triumfetta falcifera Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 285. 1909.
Michoacin and Guerrero; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub, 2 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, lance-ovate to rhombic-ovate,
cuspidate-acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, serrate; sepals 7 to 8 mm.
long, hirsute, the appendages entire or lobate; petals much shorter than the
sepals, yellow; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter, covered with stout spines.
14. Triumfetta mexicana Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31’: 230. 1858.
Adenodiscus mexicanus Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 19*: 504. 1846.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from mountains of Oaxaca.
Slender shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, broadly ovate, acuminate, serrate,
7-nerved at the rounded or subecordate base; sepals puberulent, 3 to 4 mm. long.
15. Triumfetta grandiflora Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 39. 1798.
Triumfetta longicuspis Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31 *: 229. 1858.
Oaxaca. Guatemala and West Indies.
Leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, rounded or sub-
cordate at base, glandular-serrate, in age glabrate; sepals glabrate, 15 to 18 mm.
long; petals linear-oblanceolate, nearly as long as the sepals; fruit 1.5 cm. in
diameter, glabrous, covered with very numerous slender spines.
16. Triumfetta goldmanii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 285. 1909.
Sinaloa; type from Sierra de Choix.
Slender shrub, 1.5 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, long-acuminate,
sometimes shallowly trilobate, rounded at base, serrate; calyx 1.5 cm. long,
sparsely and very minutely stellate-pubescent; petals linear, about as long as
the sepals; fruit 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, the spines 1 to 2 mm. long. “ Cadillo.”
17. Triumfetta palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 400. 1887.
Durango and Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Shrub; leaves oblong, lance-oblong, or rhombic-lanceolate, acute, obtuse or
rounded at base, serrate, coarsely stellate-pilose; sepals 12 mm. long, densely
stellate-tomentose, with very short appendages; petals linear, shorter than the
sepals; fruit 8 mm. in diameter, puberulent, covered with short stout spines.
18. Triumfetta brevipes S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 400. 1887.
Jalisco and Michocin; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Shrub; leaves lance-oblong, acuminate, rounded at base, 5-nerved, coarsely
serrate, tomentose beneath; sepals about 13 mm. long, stellate-tomentose ;
petals oblanceolate, obtuse, shorter than the sepals; fruit 8 to 10 mm. in
diameter, glabrate in age, covered with short stout spines.
Doubtfully distince from 7. palmeri.
19. Triumfetta acracantha Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 18-19: 111. 1914.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Baqueta.
Shrub, 1.5 meters high; leaves ovate or ovate-rhombic, long-acuminate,
rounded or subcordate at base, duplicate-serrate, green and thinly stellate-
pubescent beneath; sepals about 6 mm. long; petals 2.5 mm. long.
20. Triumfetta socorrensis T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 1. 1899.
Known only from Socorro Island, Baja California.
Shrub; leaves rounded-ovate, obtuse or acutish, subcordate at base, serrate,
very densely tomentose; fruit 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter, densely pilose.
746 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
21. Triumfetta galeottiana Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 32’: 260. 1859.
? Triumfetta brachypetala Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31’: 227. 1858.
Jalisco to Veracruz and Chiapas; Turezaninow gives the type locality as
“ Oaxaca, alt. 3,000 ped.,” but a specimen of the original collection (Galeotti
4153) in the National Herbarium is labeled as from “ Bois de Zacuapan,” Vera-
cruz, at the same altitude.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, long-acuminate,
rounded or subcordate at base, serrate, usually densely tomentose beneath;
sepals 3 to 5 em. long; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, usually glabrous, covered
with slender spines.
22. Triumfetta discolor Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 285. 1909.
Durango; type collected between Pedro Paulo and San Blascito.
Shrub; leaves rounded, 2 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, sub-
cordate at base, serrate, gray-tomentose beneath, sometimes shallowly trilobate;
sepals about 18 mm. long; petals linear-oblanceolate.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
TRIUMFETTA OLIGACANTHA Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 18-19: 106. 1914.
Based upon a specimen from either Peru or Mexico; related to 7’. semitriloba.
TRIUMFETTA ORIZABAE Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 327: 261. 1859. Type
from Orizaba.
TRIUMFETTA OXYPHYLLA DC. Prodr. 1: 508. 1824. Described from Mexico.
TRIUMFETTA PANICULATA Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 279. 1836-39. Type
from Jalisco.
95. MALVACEAE. Mallow Family.
Shrubs or trees, or more often herbs, the pubescence usually of stellate
hairs; leaves alternate, commonly palmate-nerved, simple or compound, stipu-
late; flowers axillary, racemose, or paniculate, usually perfect, the calyx often
subtended by bractlets; sepals 5, more or less united; petals 5; stamens
numerous, united to form a column; fruit usually dry, composed of several
carpels, these verticillate about an axis, dehiscent or indehiscent, or the fruit
sometimes capsular.
The plants of this family have mucilaginous juice. Many of them are em-
ployed in domestic medicine because of their emollient properties.
Fruit a loculicidal capsule; calyx subtended by bractlets.
Bractlets at the base of the calyx 5 or more.
Cells of the truit l-ovulate.___ 2 == ee 16. KOSTELETZKYA.
Cells of the fruit containing 2 or more ovules_____________~_ 17. HIBISCUS.
Bractlets 3.
Capsule. usually 75. celled = 2. 2k Be 18. GOSSYPIUM.
Capsule 3-celled.
Petals white, turning purplish; leaves usually lobed; bractlets longer than
Chie lea lysxcecs ee re ee ee ee 19. THURBERIA.
Petals purple; leaves entire; bractlets shorter than the calyx.
20. ERIOXYLUM.
Fruit not capsular, the carpels separating from each other and from the axis
at maturity; or the fruit rarely capsular, but bractlets then absent.
Style branches (10) twice as many as the carpels.
Carpels rough, often spine-armed, usually dry__-_--------_ 14. MALACHE.
Carpels smooth, unarmed, fleshy______--_-_--_--_-___- 15. MALVAVISCUS.
Style branches of the same number as the carpels.
Bractlets present at the base of the calyx.
Seeds 2 or more in each cell of the fruit__________ 11. SPHAERALCEA.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 747
Seed 1 in each cell.
Bractlets’ eonnate jaw a ete Peeters re 12. LAVATERA.
IBractletSnaistine tas Sa eB ee 13. MALVASTRUM.
Bractlets none at the base of the calyx.
Seeds 2 or more in each cell.
Carpels of the fruit winged.
Carpels each with a dorsal wing above, and with crests along the
LE SETI ir 8 0 <n Re rN ee SRN RN 1. BAKERIDESIA.
Carpels each with 2 lateral wings_______________ 2. HORSFORDIA.
Carpels not winged.
Carpels 1-celled.
Carpels each with 2 retrorse spines below___3. NEOBRITTONTIA.
Carpels without spines below _____________-____-_ 4. ABUTILON.
Carpels imperfectly 2-celled.
Carpels usually 5, imperfectly 2-celled by the lateral constriction of
their walls. 4s. Vaete eaters ee See 5. WISSADULA.
Carpels 5 to 11, a free partition projecting from the dorsal wall.
6. PSEUDABUTILON.
Seed 1 in each cell.
Fruit a loculicidal 5-celled capsule____________ 7. BASTARDIA.
Fruit of 5 or more carpels, these separating at maturity.
Dorsal wall of the carpels separating at maturity from the lateral
TiN Sp ae a ec i tele, | eos I Ie Ra IE 8. GAYA.
Dorsal wall not separating from the lateral walls.
Carpels membranaceous, inflated at maturity.
9. ROBINSONELLA.
CWarpels thick nothintlated@ 2-52. = .2 a ee ee 10. SIDA.
1. BAKERIDESIA Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 15-16: 298. 1913.
The following is the only known species of the genus.
1. Bakeridesia galeottii (Baker f.) Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 15-16:
298. 1913.
Abutilon galeottui Baker f. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 31: 73. 1893.
Described from Veracruz.
Stems woody; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate, 3 to 8 cm. long, acu-
minate, entire, puberulent; flowers axillary, solitary or geminate, long-peduncu-
late; calyx stellate-puberulent; corolla yellow, 2.2 em. long; fruit of about 13
. earpels, these each with a broad dorsal wing above, the margins sinuate-
cristate.
2. HORSFORDIA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 296. 1887.
Shrubs or large herbs, with stellate pubescence; peduncles axillary, 1-flow-
ered, or sometimes paniculate; bractlets none; fruit of 8 to 12 coalescent
earpels, these 1 to 3-seeded, the upper portion accrescent and developing 2
wings.
Leaves rounded-cordate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, usually as broad as long.
1. H. rotundifolia.
Leaves cordate-ovate to lanceolate, mostly 3 to 7 em. long, much longer than
broad.
Leaves chiefly lanceolate; carpels 2 or 8-seeded__---_-_---~- 2. H. newberryi.
Leaves ovate or broadly ovate; carpels 1-seeded_____--_---______ 3. H. alata.
1. Horsfordia rotundifolia S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 24: 40. 1889.
Horsfordia purisimae T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad, II. 2: 135. 1889..
Baja California and Sonora; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
748 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Low shrub; leaves rounded or obtuse at apex. crenate, finely stellate-
tomentose; flowers in naked panicles; petals yellow, 7 to 8 mm. long; carpels
6 to 8, 1-seeded.
2. Horsfordia newberryi (S. Wats.) A Gray, Proc Amer. Acad. 22: 297. 1887.
Abutilon newberryi S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 11: 125. 1876.
Sonora and Baja California. Southern Arizona and California; type col-
lected on the lower Colorado River.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, covered throughout with a very fine dense
yellowish stellate tomentum; leaves attenuate, rounded or cordate at base,
very thick, subentire; petals yellow, 8 mm. long; carpels 8 or 9.
8. Horsfordia alata (S. Wats.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 297. 1887.
Sida alata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 856 1885.
Horsfordia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 40. 1889.
Sonora and Baja California; type from northwestern Sonora.
Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high; leaves obtuse or acute, dentate or subentire,
densely stellate-tomentose with somewhat viscid pubescence; petals pink, 2
to 1.5 em. long; carpels 10 to 12. “ Malva blanca” (Baja California).
3. NEOBRITTONIA Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 9: 184. 1905.
The following is the only species known.
1. Neobrittonia acerifolia (Lag.) Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 9: 184.
1905.
Sida acerifolia Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 21. 1816.
Abutilon acerifolium Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 504. 1831.
Sida discissa Bertol. Mem. Soc. Ital. Moden. 23: 305. 1844.
Abutilon discissum Schlecht. Linnaea 25: 218. 1852.
Morelos. Guatemala; described from cultivated plants.
Plants 2 to 3 meters high, the stems pilose with very long soft spreading
hairs; leaves 6 to 20 cm. long, deeply cordate at base, deeply 3 or 5-lobed,
green, thinly pilose; flowers axillary; petals orbicular, 2 cm. long, lilac-violet;
carpels numerous, 2 em. long, rounded at apex, Sstellate-hirsute, each with 2
retrorse spines below.
4. ABUTILON Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 398. 1763.
Herbs, shrubs, or small trees; leaves usually cordate; flowers small or
large, variously colored; calyx without bractlets; carpels of the fruit 4 to
many, 2 to several-seeded, bivalvate.
Ovules 4 or more in each cell; flowers mostly large, usually 3 to 5 ecm. long.
heaves -deepliy lope dase eo eee ee ee 1. A. striatum.
Leaves not lobed.
Petals 1.5 cm. long or less; upper leaves sessile______ 2. A. amplexifolium.
Petals 2 to 5 cm. long; upper leaves petiolate.
heaves wcrenate:dentates 2. 2 202s ee ee ee 3. A. purpusii.
Leaves entire.
Calyx 1.7 em. long or shorter.
Calyx 8 to 10 mm. long, the lobes triangular______ 4. A. bakerianum.
Calyx 13 to 17 mm. long, the lobes narrowly triangular or triangular-
lanceolates._ Balveie! te to ea. aa 5. A. peyritschii.
Calyx 2 cm. long or more, usually fully 2.5 cm. long.
Carpels broadly winged on the back_____________ 6. A. notolophium.
GCarpelssnobywwin Pe (ea 5 oe Se eS ee) 7. A. yucatanum.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 749
Ovules usually 3 in each cell; flowers commonly smaller, nearly always less
than 2.5 cm. long.
Flowers axillary.
Carpels rounded at apex.
Stems" longzhirsute 2. 4+ 3 -stee<we oto of Seee, oP ey des 8. A. hirtum.
Stems stellate-tomentose or pilosulous, never hirsute.
Leaves covered beneath with a very dense, minute, pale tomentum.
22. A. incanum.
Leaves green beneath, loosely stellate-pubescent.
Petals about 1 cm. long; leaves long-acuminate__9. A. percaudatum.
Petals 4 to 6 mm. long; leaves obtuse or acute____10. A. parvulum.
Carpels narrowed at apex to a long or short beak.
Stemsyhirsutese2.. - sne8 “tu tahoe rt yee ann Peete tee ae 11. A. wrightii.
Stems stellate-tomentose, never hirsute.
Peduncles viscid-pubescent.
Leaves with a closed basal sinus, the lobes overlapping.
12. A. simulans.
eaves (with anopen Sinus 2 aves “eat heey 13. A. dugesii.
Peduncles without viscid pubescence.
Carpels of the fruit stellate-hirsute, at least above.
Carpels abruptly narrowed into a very short beak.
14, A. glabriflorum.
Carpels gradually narrowed to a long beak.
Carpels about 1.5 em. long; leaves green above, whitish beneath.
15. A. hypoleucum.
Carpels about 1 cm. long; leaves nearly concolorous.
35. A. aurantiacum.
Carpels finely stellate-tomentose.
Carpels abruptly short-pointed_________ 16. A. sphaerostaminum.
Carpels gradually long-pointed.
Sepals equaling or longer than the carpels____17. A. lignosum.
Sepals shorter than the carpels_______-___ 18. A. californicum.
Flowers chiefly in umbels, panicles, or racemes.
Carpels rounded or obtuse at apex, very shortly or not at all beaked.
Carpels 4 or 5.
Calyx1Ottoel 2 smn one eee eee oe: Sars 19. A. bastardioides.
Calyx 4 to 7 mm. long.
CalyX nearly as long as the carpels, erect__________ 20. A. malacum.
Calyx less than half as long as the carpels, spreading or reflexed.
Carpels short-beaked ; stems trigonous________ 21. A. trisulcatum.
Carpels usually not beaked; stems usually terete.
22. A. incanum.
Carpels more than 5, usually 8 or more.
Stems pilose with very long spreading hairg___________ 23. A. sonorae.
Stems stellate-tomentose or short-pilose.
Blowers, wmbella tes. as ee. 2 oat be ees gent 24. A. discolor.
Flowers in large panicles.
Stems glabrate ; calyx lobes broadly ovate, obtuse.
25. A. reventum.
Stems densely tomentose or tomentulose; calyx lobes ovate, acute.
Stems minutely tomentose; calyx less than half as long as the
CENT 0 2) ES ae ak I iy 7, ine are Pe Sree 26. A. andrieuxii.
Stems loosely tomentose; calyx nearly as long as the carpels.
27. A. xanti.
750 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Carpels acute, narrowed to a conspicuous beak.
Carpels 5.
Stemshirsutevor-hispids 2-2 ee ee eee 28. A. thurberi.
Stems finely stellate-pubescent.
Leaves broadly cordate-ovate, mostly 5 to 8 em. wide.
29. A. membranaceum.
Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2 to 4 em. wide____30. A. ellipticum.
Carpels 6 or more.
Stems pilose with long spreading hairs___________-_ 31. A. giganteum.
Stems stellate-tomentose or short-pilose.
Carpels (excluding the beaks) 6 to 7 mm. long; leaves green beneath.
Leaves deeply cordate at base--________-__-_- 32. A. umbellatum.
Leaves rounded or subcordate at base____- 33. A. hemsleyanum.
Carpels 1 cm. long or usually much longer.
Calyx and carpels pilose or hirsute.
Petais14em Alone: or lesstie 18200 see bh eee 27. A. xanti.
Petals about 2 cm. long.
Carpels long-hirsute, the beaks suberect______ 34. A. palmeri.
Carpels short-hirsute, the beaks spreading.
35. A. aurantiacum.
Calyx and carpels finely stellate-tomentose.
Pedicels viscid-pubescent____-__=---____--_-_-- 36. A. holwayi.
Pedicels not viscid-pubescent___________--___ 37. A. dentatum.
1. Abutilon striatum Dicks. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. 39. 1839.
? Abutilon venosum Lem. Fl. Serr. Jard. 2°: pl. 5. 1846.
Specimens from Puebla have been seen by the writer, but perhaps all were
taken from cultivated plants. Native of Guatemala.
Slender shrub, the branches glabrous; leaves 5 or 7-lobate, nearly glabrous,
the lobes long-acuminate, serrate; flowers axillary; petals about 4 cm. long,
orange veined with crimson or purple; carpels about 1.5 cm. long. “ Monacillo
amarillo” (Oaxaca, Durango, cultivated) ; “campanilla” (Guatemala).
Abutilon venosum, based upon cultivated plants of Mexican origin, is said
to have petals as much as 7 cm. long.
2. Abutilon amplexifolium (DC.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 502. 1831.
Sida amplezifolia DC. Prodr. 1: 469. 1824.
Jalisco to Veracruz.
Stems loosely pilose; leaves ovate-cordate, usually with overlapping basal
lobes, long-acuminate, crenate-dentate, stellate-pilose beneath; flowers mostly
paniculate, the petals 1.5 cm. long; carpels about 12, inflated, 1 cm. long,
hirtellous.
8. Abutilon purpusii Standl., sp. nov.
Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Barranca de Tenampa, Zacuapan, Vera-
cruz (Purpus 43832; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 841806).
Stems finely stellate-tomentose; leaves broadly cordate, 10 to 20 em. long,
long-acuminate, deeply cordate at base, crenate-dentate, finely stellate-pubes-
cent, sparsely so above; flowers mostly axillary, the peduncles 5 to 11 ecm.
long; calyx about 2 em. long, densely brown or yellowish-tomentose, the lobes
oval-ovate, mucronate; petals 3 cm. long or more; carpels 2.5 to 3 cm, long,
rounded at apex, thinly stellate-tomentose.
4, Abutilon bakerianum Rose, Contr, U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 133. pl. 11. 1897.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca.
Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high; leaves rounded-cordate, 3.5 to 15 cm. long,
abruptly short-acuminate, green above, minutely stellate-tomentose beneath ;
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 51
calyx lobes broadly ovate, finely tomentose; petals 3 cm. long; carpels 1.5 em.
long, rounded at apex, stellate-hirsute.
5. Abutilon peyritschii Stand.
Abutilon macranthum Peyr. Linnaea 30: 59. 1859. Not A. macranthum St.
Hil. 1825.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan. Guatemala.
Small tree; leaves rounded-cordate, 5 to 20 cm. long, abruptly acuminate,
deeply cordate at base, green and glabrate above, finely stellate-pubescent be-
neath; calyx brown-tomentose, the lobes oblong-ovate; petals 3 cm. long, yel-
low, purplish at base.
6. Abutilon notolophium A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 175. 1861.
Abutilon goldmani Baker & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 170. 1899.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz.
Leaves rounded-cordate, 7 to 21 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, deeply cor-
date at base, green and glabrate above, finely stellate-tomentose beneath;
flowers axillary or umbellate; sepals densely tomentose; petals 3.5 cm. long,
yellow ; carpels 1.5 to 2 em. long, stellate-hirsute.
7. Abutilon yucatanum Standl., sp. nov.
Type from La Vega, Yucatan (Goldman 634; U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 397004).
Stems, peduncles, and calyx densely covered with an orange-brown tomen-
tum; leaves broadly cordate, 8 to 17 cm. long, acuminate, deeply cordate at
base, entire, green above, beneath finely stellate-pubescent ; peduncles axillary,
8 to 12 em. long; calyx 2.2 em. long, densely stellate-tomentose, the lobes
acute; petals narrow, 4 to 4.5 em. long; carpels 12 or more, 1.2 cm. long,
stellate-tomentose.
8. Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet, Hort Brit. 1: 53. 1826.
Sida hirta Lam. Encyel. 1: 7. 1783.
Tamaulipas and Tabasco, and probably elsewhere; reported from Veracruz.
Southern Florida, West Indies, and tropical Asia and Africa.
Stems minutely tomentulose and long-hirsute; leaves orbicular-cordate,
_ acute, dentate, stellate-velutinous, calyx lobes broadly ovate, cuspidate, tomen-
tose; petals 1.5 cm. long; carpels numerous, 1 em. long, stellate-hirsute.
“ Botén de oro” (Veracruz, Seler) ; ‘‘ buenas tardes” (Porto Rico).
9. Abutilon percaudatum Hochr., sp. nov.
Type from Rio Verde, San Luis Potosi (Palmer 19; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. No.
470873).
Stems pilosulous with simple hairs; leaves ovate to rounded-cordate, 7 to
10 cm. long, deeply cordate at base, shallowly crenate, thinly stellate-pubes-
cent; calyx lobes lance-ovate, coursely pubescent; petals 1 cm. long; carpels
1 em long.
10. Abutilon parvulum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 21. 1852.
Chihuahua and Sonora. Western Texas to Arizona and Colorado; type
from Texas.
Plants usually herbaceous, the stems stellate-pubescent, 30 to 60 em. high;
leaves ovate-cordate, 2 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, coarsely dentate, green,
stellate-pubescent ; petals orange-yellow; carpels 8 mm. long, minutely stellate-
tomentose.
11. Abutilon wrightii A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 162. 1850.
Sonora and Coahuila. Western Texas; type collected along the Rio Grande.
Stems chiefly herbaceous, 20 to 60 cm. high, densely hirsute; leaves broadly
cordate, 2 to 4 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, deeply cordate at base,
752 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
crenate, densely white-tomentose beneath; petals yellow, carpels nearly 1.5
em. long, long-beaked, stellate-pilose.
12. Abutilon simulans Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 318. 1905.
Jalisco to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Plants 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, the stems viscid-pubescent; leaves ovate or
broadly cordate, 6 to 17 cm. long, long-acuminate, crenate or coarsely dentate,
beneath covered with a fine close whitish stellate tomentum; calyx lobes
broadly ovate and overlapping, finely tomentose; petals yellow, about 1.5 cm.
long; carpel bodies 10 to 13 mm. long, long-beaked.
Doubtfully distinct from the next species.
18. Abutilon dugesii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 447. 1886.
Querétaro and Guanajuato; type from Guanajuato.
Stems viscid-pubescent; leaves ovate or broadly cordate, 4 to 10 em, long,
acuminate, crenate or dentate, densely stellate-tomentose beneath; calyx lobes
ovate, acuminate; petals orange, 6 to 10 mm. long; carpels about 10, 10 to 12
mm, long, long-beaked, finely stellate-pubescent.
14. Abutilon glabriflorum Hochr., sp. nov.
Tamaulipas; type from Victoria (Palmer 373; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 572603).
Shrub, the stems truly fruticose, glabrate in age; leaves broadly cordate,
3.5 to 7 em. long, acute or acuminate, shallowly crenate or denticulate, densely
stellate-pubescent, whitish beneath; sepals broadly ovate, acute; petals 1.5 to
2 cm, long; carpels 10 to 12 mm. long.
15. Abutilon hypoleucum .\. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 20, 1852.
Abutilon selerianum Ulbrich, Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 12: 227. 1913.
Coahuila to San Luis Potosi and Puebla; type from Monterrey, Nuevo Ledén.
Western Texas.
Stems suffrutescent, tomentose, in age reddish brown and glabrate; leaves
lance-ovate to broadly cordate, 4 to 11 cm. long, long-acuminate, deeply cordate
at base, crenate or dentate, green above, densely white-tomentose beneath ; calyx
lobes ovate, overlapping at base; petals 2 to 2.5 cm. long.
16. Abutilon sphaerostaminum Hochr., sp. nov.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan (Purpus 2234; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 840351).,
Small shrub with tomentose or glabrate stems; leaves broadly cordate, 5 to
12 cm. long, long-acuminate, shallowly crenate or dentate, densely or finely
white-tomentose beneath; sepals broadly ovate, acuminate, finely tomentose;
earpels 10 to 12 mm. long.
17. Abutilon lignosum (Cav.) Don, Hist, Dichl. Pl. 1: 501. 1831.
Sida lignosa Cav. Monad. Diss. 34. pl. 9. f. 2. 1790.
Abutilon jacquini Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 503. 1831.
Abutilon berlandieri A. Gray; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 358. 1885.
Abutilon scabrum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 41. 1889. .
Sonora and Chihuahua to Yucatan and Jalisco. Southern Florida and Texas;
West Indies; type from Santo Domingo.
Plants suffrutescent, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate to broadly cordate,
5 to 15 em. long, usually long-acuminate, crenate or dentate, densely stellate-
tomentose beneath; sepals cordate-ovate, acuminate; petals 1 to 1.5 cm. long;
carpels 10 to 12 mm. long. “Colotahue,” “ pelotazo bronco” (Sinaloa).
The fiber of the stems is employed in western Mexico for making twine and
‘rope.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 7153
18. Abutilon californicum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 8. 1844.
Abutilon lemmoni S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 357. 1885.
Baja California and Sonora to Oaxaca; type from Magdalena Bay, Baja
California.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the stems brownish or yellowish-tomentose;
leaves broadly cordate, 1.5 to 5 cm. long, rounded to short-acuminate at apex.
crenate, thick, stellate-tomentose; sepals broadly ovate, acuminate; petals 1 to
1.5 cm. long; carpels 10 to 12 mm. long.
19. Abutilon bastardioides Baker f. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 306. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Colima.
Stems suffrutescent ; leaves rounded-cordate, 4 to 7 cm. long, short-acuminate,
repand-dentate, pale beneath and finely stellate-pubescent; sepals lance-ovate;
petals 12 mm. long; carpels finely tomentose.
20. Abutilon malacum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 446. 1886.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Durango. Western Texas and southern New
Mexico; type from Texas.
Stems very minutely tomentose; leaves rounded-cordate, 4 to 9 cm. long,
obtuse to short-acuminate, coarsely dentate, minutely tomentose; calyx lobes
lance-ovate, acute or acuminate; petals orange, 7 to 9 mm. long; carpels 7 to
9 mm. long, stellate-tomentose.
21. Abutilon trisuleatum (Jacq.) Urban, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 32. 1919.
Sida trisuleata Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 26. 1760.
Sida triquetra L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 963. 1763.
Abutilon triquetrum Sweet, Hort. Brit. 58. 1827.
? Abutilon floribundwn Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 366. 1837.
Sonora to Tamaulipas, Yucatan, and Guerrero. Cuba; Nicaragua.
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, 1 to 2.5 meters high, obtusely trigonous,
minutely tomentulose; leaves narrowly or broadly cordate, 4 to 15 cm. long,
long-acuminate, crenate or subentire, grayish and minutely stellate-velutinous
on both surfaces; calyx lobes ovate, acuminate; petals yellow, 5 mm. long;
earpels 6 to 8 mm. long. ‘“ Amantillo” (Jalisco, Oliva) ; “ sacxin” (Yucatan,
Dondé) ; “ tronador” (Colima).
Palmer reports that in Colima the fiber extracted from the stems is utilized
in making rope, hammocks, and nets. The stems are buried in mud for three
or four days, then washed, and the bark (which contains the fiber) stripped
from the stems by hand.
22. Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 53. 1827.
Sida incana Link, Enum. Pl. 2: 204, 1822.
Abutilon ramosissimum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 116. 1836.
Abutilon terense Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 231. 1838.
Baja California and Sonora to Nuevo Leén, San Luis Potosi, and Sinaloa.
Hawaii.
Shrub, 2.5 meters high or less, the stems minutely tomentose; leaves broadly
cordate, 1.5 to 6 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, crenate or dentate, finely
grayish-tomentose; sepals broadly ovate, mucronate; petals yellow or orange,
often purple at base, 6 to 9 mm. long; carpels 6 to 7 mm. long, minutely
tomentose. “ Pelotazo chico” (Sinaloa).
This, like A. trisulcatum, is a source of fiber. A. racemosum Schlecht.’ is
probably a synonym of this species.
*Linnaea 11: 367. 1887.
7808—23——_16
754 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
23. Abutilon sonorae A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 28. 1853.
Chihuahua and Sonora to Guerrero; type collected on the Sonoita, Sonora.
Stems 1 meter high or less, chiefly herbaceous, puberulent and long-pilose;
leaves rounded-cordate, 7 to 18 cm. long, acuminate, usually subtrilobate,
irregularly dentate, whitish-tomentose beneath; sepals broadly ovate, acute;
petals yellow, about 6 mm. long; carpels 7 to 11, 8 to 10 mm. long, stellate-
pubescent.
24. Abutilon discolor Baker f. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 31: 73. 1893.
San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas (?); type from Tula, Tamaulipas (?).
Stems reddish or yellowish-pubescent; leaves acuminate, 4 to 10 cm. long,
entire or nearly so, stellate-pubescent beneath; sepals lance-ovate to broadly
ovate, acuminate; carpels reniform, stellate-hirsute.
25. Abutilon reventum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 418. 1886.
Chihuahua and Sonora to Oaxaca, Querétaro, and Zacatecas; type from
Hacienda San José, Chihuahua. Southern Arizona.
Leaves broadly cordate or reniform-cordate, 6 to 25 em. long, abruptly acu-
minate, sometimes shallowly trilobate, irregularly crenate or subentire, white
beneath with a velutinous tomentum; petals deep orange, 10 to 12 mm. long;
carpels about 8, 7 to 10 mm. long, stellate-pilosulous.
26. Abutilon andrieuxii Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 24. 1879.
Abutilon reticulatum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 171. 1899.
Tepic to Oaxaca and Puebla; type from Tlacolula, Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaves rounded-cordate, 4 to 22 em. long, acute
or abruptly short-acuminate, sometimes shallowly trilobate, obscurely crenate
or subentire, covered beneath with a fine whitish stellate tomentum; petals
yellow, 12 to 15 mm. long; carpels 8 or 9, stellate-pilose, 1 cm. long.
27. Abutilon xanti A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 301. 1887.
Southern Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high; leaves rounded-cordate, 8 to 20 em. long, short-
acuminate, often shallowly trilobate, irregularly dentate or subentire, whitish
beneath with a velutinous tomentum; petals 8 mm. long, pale yellow; carpels
1 cm. long, stellate-pilose.
28. Abutilon thurberi A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 307. 1854.
Type from Magdalena, Sonora.
Stems 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves ovate-cordate, 5 cm. long or less, green,
thinly stellate-pubescent, serrate; calyx hirsute; petals orange-yellow; carpels
sparsely hirsute.
29. Abutilon membranaceum Baker f. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 312. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Tepic.
Stems slender, suffrutescent, sparsely pubescent; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to
12 cm. long, cuspidate-acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, very thin,
coarsely crenate-dentate, green and very sparsely stellate-pubescent; sepals
ovate, acuminate; carpels stellate-hirtellous, 8 mm. long.
80. Abutilon ellipticum Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 368. 1837.
Abutilon attenuatum Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 104. 1893.
Jalisco, Michoacin, and Hidalgo; type from Tlalpujahua, Michoacan.
Slender shrub; leaves 4 to 7 cm. long, obtuse to long-acuminate, sometimes
shallowly trilobate, crenate or serrate, green above, paler beneath and stellate-
tomentose; sepals broadly ovate, cuspidate-acuminate; petals 8 to 10 mm.
long; carpels 1 cm. long, stellate-hirsute, very long-beaked.
Abutilon erosum Schlecht.’ is perhaps the same species.
1Linnaea 11: 367. 1887.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 755
31. Abutilon giganteum (Jacq.) Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 116. 1836.
Sida gigantea Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 2: 8. pl. 141. 1797.
Sida elata Macfad. Fl. Jam. 87. 1837.
? Abutilon mexicanum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 115. 1836.
Abutilon divaricatum Turez. Bull. Soe. Nat. Moscou 31’: 204. 1859.
Abutilon elatum Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 79. 1859.
Veracruz and Guerrero. West Indies, Central America, and South America.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves broadly cordate, 6 to 18 cm. long, acute to
long-acuminate, crenate or dentate, densely stellate-velutinous beneath; petals
yellow, 1 to 1.5 em. long; carpels 12 mm. long, stellate-pilose.
32. Abutilon umbellatum (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 53. 1826.
Sida umbellata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1145. 1759.
Jalisco to Oaxaca, and doubtless elsewhere; Yucatan (?). West Indies and
South America.
Leaves broadly cordate, 4 te 9 cm. long, obtuse or acute, crenate or dentate,
green, thinly stellate-pubescent beneath; petals yellow, about 1 cm. long;
cearpels stellate-hirsute, long-beaked.
33. Abutilon hemsleyanum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 123. 1906.
Abutilon sidoides Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 24. 1879. Not A. sidoides Dalz. &
Gibs. 1861.
Jalisco to San Luis Potosi, Mexico, and Oaxaca; type from the region of
San Luis Potosi.
Stems 1 to 1.5 meters high, stellate-pubescent ; leaves lance-ovate to broadly
ovate, 5 to 14 cm. long, acute to long-acuminate, crenate or dentate, green be-
neath but rather densely stellate-pubescent ; sepals broadly ovate, acuminate;
petals 8 to 10 mm. long; carpels hispid-stellate, with very long beaks.
Probably not sufficiently distinct from A. wmbellatum.
34. Abutilon palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 289. 1870.
Abutilon macdougalit Rose & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 13. pl. 4. 1912.
Baja California and Sonora; type from Sonora.
Stems hirsute and villosulous and somewhat viscid; leaves broadly cordate,
4 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely dentate, often shallowly trilobate,
densely stellate-velutinous; sepals ovate, cuspidate-acuminate, long-pilose; car-
pels densely soft-pilose.
35. Abutilon aurantiacum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 357. 1885.
Baja California; type from Bahia de Todos Santos.
Leaves rounded-cordate, 3 to 13 cm. long, obtuse or acute, dentate and often
shallowly trilobate, densely stellate-velutinous ; calyx lobes broadly ovate, acute,
pilose; petals orange; carpels about 10, 8 mm. long, pilose.
36. Abutilon holwayi Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 318. 1905.
Abutilon durangense Rose & York, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 123. pl. 40. 1906.
Durango to Querétaro and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca.
Stems viscid-pubescent ; leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 12 em. long, acute or acumi-
nate, crenate or subentire, densely stellate-tomentose beneath; sepals broadly
ovate, acuminate; petals 1.5 cm. long or less.
37. Abutilon dentatum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 318. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, near the city of Chihuahua.
Leaves ovate-cordate, 6 to 10 cm, long, acuminate, dentate, densely stellate-
tomentose beneath; sepals broadly ovate, cuspidate-acuminate.
756 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ABUTILON BLANDUM Fenzl, Del. Sem. Hort. Vindob. 1830. Type from Los
Baiios.
ABUTILON HAENKEANUM Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 115. 1886. Type from western
Mexico.
5. WISSADULA Medic. Malvenfam. 24. 1787.
REFERENCE: R. E. Fries, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 43*: 1-95. 1908.
Shrubs or herbs, with stellate pubescence; leaves petiolate, entire or
dentate; flowers axillary or in terminal panicles; carpels usually 5, laterally
constricted, commonly 3-seeded.
Leaves entire.
Leaves glabrous above or strigose with simple hairs_________ 1. W. excelsior.
Leaves minutely stellate-pubescent on the upper surface.
2. W. amplissima.
Leaves crenate-dentate.
Stamen tube short, hirsute; leaves not lobate; carpels 3.
Calyx tomentose, without long spreading hairs________ 3. W. tricarpellata.
Calyx tomentose and long-pilose.
Branches finely tomentulose, not pilose___________________ 4. W. cincta.
Branches tomentulose and long-pilose.
peedsr4 in egeh Carpel sto! = ake ee wee Oe ee eee ae 5. W. gracilis.
Seeds 3 in each carpel.
Leaves orbicular-cordate, abruptly acuminate; petals 10 mm. long.
6. W. wissaduloides.
Leaves ovate, long-attenuate; petals 7 mm. long__7. W. hirsutiflora.
Stamen tube elongate, glabrous; leaves often lobate or angulate; carpels 5.
Branches tomentose with stellate glandular hairs, and with long simple
NAInS! AWO yen as ee we SR ee oe 8. W. trilobata.
Branches stellate-tomentose, sometimes with short glandular hairs above.
Calyx lobes 4 to 7 mm. long, acuminate; carpels beaked.
9. W. holosericea.
Calyx lobes 1.5 mm. long, obtuse; carpels not beaked__10. W. microcalyx.
1. Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 118. 1836.
Sida excelsior Cav. Monad. Diss. 27. pl. 5. f. 3. 1785.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Cuba, Central America, and South America.
Shrub; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, the upper ones often subsessile, long-
acuminate, stellate-pubescent beneath, the pubescence ferruginous along the
nerves; flowers in lax panicles; petals yellowish, 4 mm. long; carpels 5, 8 mm.
long, apiculate.
2. Wissadula amplissima (L.) R. E. Fries, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 43%:
48. 1908.
Sida amplissima L, Sp. Pl. 685. 1753.
Wissadula mucronulata A. Gray in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 39. 1859.
Abutilon mucronulatum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 175. 1862.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Morelos, and Oaxaca. Western Texas, Central
America, South America, and Africa.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves broadly cordate, 5 to 15 ecm. long,
acuminate, densely stellate-tomentulose beneath; flowers axillary or paniculate;
petals yellow, 4 to 6 mm. long; carpels 4 or 5, 6 to 10 mm. long, apiculate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 157
8. Wissadula tricarpellata Robins. & Greenm.; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
5: 179. 1899.
Wissadula hirsutifiora tricarpellata R. EH. Fries, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl.
43*: 82. 1908.
Jalisco and Colima; type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Leaves ovate or broadly cordate, 3 to 8 cm. long, acuminate or long-acumi-
nate, thinly stellate-pubescent beneath; petals 6 to 7 mm. long, purplish when
dry; carpels not beaked.
4. Wissadula cincta (T. S. Brandeg.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 178.
1899.
Abutilon cinctum T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 3: 348. 1893.
Wissadula incana T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 210. 1905.
Sonora; type from Los Duraznillos.
Slender shrub; leaves broadly cordate, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute,
densely grayish-tomentose; flowers chiefly axillary; petals 7 mm. long, purplish,
at least when dry; carpels 6 mm. long, not beaked.
5. Wissadula gracilis Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 6: 30. 1902.
Known only from the type locality, Tututepeque, Oaxaca.
Leaves ovate-cordate, 1 to 2 cm. long, acuminate, hirsute; flowers axillary;
petals 1 cm. long.; carpels 8 mm. long.
6. Wissadula wissaduloides (Baker f.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 179.
1899.
Abutilon wissaduloides Baker f. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 312. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Imala, Sinaloa.
Leaves 5 to 8 em. long, finely stellate-pubescent beneath; flowers axillary and
paniculate; carpels 6 mm. long, not beaked.
7%. Wissadula hirsutiflora (Presl) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 306. 1895.
Bastardia hirsutiflora Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 112. 1836.
Tepic and Guerrero; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Leaves 3 to 6 cm. long, densely stellate-tomentose; flowers chiefly axillary ;
carpels 5 to 6 mm. long, apiculate.
8. Wissadula trilobata (Hemsl.) Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 5: 178. 1899.
Abutilon trilobatum Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 24. 1879.
Wissadula acuninata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 144. 1897.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Querétaro, Guanajuato, and Hidalgo; type from
the region of San Luis Potosi.
Shrub or herb, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves broadly cordate, 5 to 17 cm. long,
acuminate, coarsely dentate, often trilobate, stellate-tomentose beneath; flowers
axillary and paniculate; petals 10 to 12 mm. long; carpels 9 mm. long, beaked.
9. Wissadula holosericea (Scheele) Garcke, Zeitschr. Naturw. 63: 124. 1890.
Abutilon holosericewm Scheele, Linnaea 21: 471. 1848.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and Durango. Texas.
Leaves ovate to suborbicular, 6 to 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, often
trilobate, densely stellate-tomentose; flowers axillary or paniculate; petals
yellow, 12 mm. long; carpels 8 mm. long, beaked.
10. Wissadula microcalyx Rose; R. E. Fries, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 43*:
87. 1908.
Known only from the type locality, Tehuacin, Puebla.
Leaves ovate or orbicular-cordate, 7 to 18 cm. long, acute or acuminate, often
shallowly trilobate, densely stellate-tomentose; flowers paniculate; petals about
1.5 em. long, yellow.
758 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
WISSADULA GLANDULOSA Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 123. 1906. Type
collected between Higuerillas and San Pablo, Querétaro. Probably a species
of Pseudabutilon. Type not seen.
6. PSEUDABUTILON R. E. Fries, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 43*: 96. 1908.
REFERENCE: R. E. Fries, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 43*: 96-108. 1908.
Shrubs or herbs, with stellate pubescence; flowers axillary or in terminal
spikes or panicles, ebracteolate; ovules 3; carpels 5 to 11, usually apiculate
or rostrate, falsely 2-celled; seeds 3.
Carpels 10 or 11.
Carpels conspicuously short-beaked_____________________1. P. paniculatum.
Garpels mob eaked 2 eS oe ee es eee 2. P. scabrum.
Carpels 5.
Flowers in terminal spikelike panicles; fruit 8 mm. or less in diameter.
8. P. spicatum.
Flowers axillary or in loose panicles; fruit more than 10 mm. in diameter.
Branches long-pilose and tomentose_____--____----------~- 4. P. pringlei.
Branches stellate-tomentose but not pilose.
Calyx invanthesis, 10° mm! long! >) Set ek Roe eee 5. P. lozani.
CalyxGrinnrslon SOL less i= | = See ee: Ba ee 6. P. rosei.
1. Pseudabutilon paniculatum (Rose) R. HE. Fries, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl.
43*: 104. 1908.
Wissadula paniculata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 178. 1899.
Sinaloa; type from Imala.
Slender shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 9 cm.
long or less, cuspidate-acuminate, crenate-dentate, green, sparsely stellate-pu-
bescent; flowers paniculate; petals yellow, 1 to 1.8 cm. long; carpels 4 to 5
mm. long.
2. Pseudabutilon scabrum (Presl) R. E. Fries, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 43*:
103. 1908.
Wissadula scabra Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 117. 1836.
Jalisco and probably elsewhere; type from some unknown locality.
Shrub, 2 to 2.5 meters high; leaves broadly cordate-ovate, 13 cm. long or
less, cuspidate-acuminate, dentate, green, thinly stellate-pubescent; flowers
paniculate; petals yellow, about 12 mm. long; carpels 6 to 7 mm. long.
3. Pseudabutilon spicatum (H. B. K.) R. E. Fries, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl.
43*: 98. 1908.
Abutilon spicatum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 271. 1821.
Wissadula spicata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 117. 1836.
Wissadula elongata T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 210. 1905.
Sinaloa to Guerrero. Cuba, Central America, and South America; type
from the Rio Negro.
Shrub or herb, 0.5 to 2 meters high; leaves reniform-cordate, 6 to 18 cm.
long and wide, abruptly acuminate, obscurely dentate, often shallowly trilobate,
green above, rather densely stellate-pubescent beneath; petals yellow, 6 to 7
mm. long; carpels 4 to 5 mm. long.
4. Pseudabutilon pringlei (Rose) R. E. Fries, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 43*:
99. 1908.
Wissadula pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 312. 1895.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from the State of Oaxaca.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 759
Shrub or herb, about a meter high; leaves broadly cordate, 5 to 7.5 cm.
long, cuspidate-acuminate, crenulate, densely stellate-tomentose; petals 10 to
12 mm. long; carpels 8 to 10 mm. long, beaked.
The same or a closely related plant, of which only imperfect material is
available, occurs in Tepic.
5. Pseudabutilon lozani (Rose) R. E. Fries, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 43°:
100. 1908.
Wissadula lozani Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 124. pl. 41. 1906.
Type from El Carrizo, Nuevo Leén. Also in western Texas.
Leaves broadly cordate, 5 to 11 cm. long, acute or obtuse, crenulate, densely
stellate-tomentose; petals yellow, 10 to 12 mm. long; carpels 8 mm. long, short-
beaked.
6. Pseudabutilon rosei R. E. Fries, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl. 43*: 102. 1908.
Wissadula conferta T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 250. 1908.
Querétaro and Puebla; type from Tehuacin, Puebla.
Leaves broadly cordate, 6 to 12 cm. long, acute or obtuse, crenate, some-
times shallowly trilobate, densely stellate-tomentose; petals 8 mm. long;
carpels 6 mm. long, not beaked.
7. BASTARDIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 254. 1821.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves cordate, petiolate; flowers yellow, axillary, the
peduncles 1-flowered ; bractlets none; carpels 5, 1-seeded.
Garpels*slender-pbeaked == 2 — PE Nahe EE ee 1. B. bivalvis.
Carpels*nor Der Kees Vere Rake aS See eS ee ee es 2. B. viscosa,
1. Bastardia bivalvis (Cav.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 255. 1821.
Sida bivalvis Cav. Monad. Diss. 13. pl. 11, f. 3. 1785.
Bastardia berlandieri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 295. 1887.
Michoacin to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Greater Antilles and South America.
Slender shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, the branches tomentose and viscid-
pilose; leaves ovate-cordate, 1.5 to 6 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, crenulate,
densely stellate-tomentose beneath; petals about 8 mm. long; fruit 5-lobate, 8
mm. broad.
2. Bastardia viscosa (L.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 256. 1821.
Sida viscosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1145, 1759.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz; reported from Guerrero. West Indies and South
America.
Shrub or herb, 0.5 to 1 meter high, the branches viscid-pubescent; leaves
ovate-cordate, 2 to 6 em. long, acuminate, sinuate-dentate, paler beneath and
stellate-tomentulose ; petals 6 mm. long; fruit about 6 mm. wide.
8. GAYA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 266. 1821.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves toothed; flowers yellowish or purplish, chiefly soli-
tary in the axils, sometimes racemose; carpels 8 or more, membranaceous,
bivalvate, 1-seeded.
CarpelsyZouto150 el O fot mime lon oe ae ee 1. G. occidentalis.
Carpels 8 to 14, 6 mm. long or less.
Stems! Vome-pil@ sete a iia pa BE eg ee se 2. G. violacea.
Stems puberulent or short-pilose.
Petals Ste © mime lone teh eh a) ena) 3. G. minutiflora.
PetalsHOnoulepmm Ong see LU nee ee ee 4. G. calyptrata.
760 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Gaya occidentalis (L.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 208. 1821.
Sida occidentalis L. Amoen. Acad. 4: 325. 1759.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz. Cuba and Hispaniola.
Plants suffrutescent, about a meter high; leaves oblong to ovate, 1.5 to 6
cm. long, obtuse or acute, serrulate, densely stellate-tomentose; petals yellow,
1.5 to 2 cm. long.
2. Gaya violacea Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 286. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre near Monterrey, Nuevo
Leon.
Shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, 6 to 9 em. long,
long-acuminate, coarsely crenate, green above, pale beneath and minutely
stellate-pubescent ; petals 8 mm. long; carpels 8 or 9.
8. Gaya minutifiora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 305. 1895.
Colima to Oaxaca and Morelos; type from Colima.
Slender shrub or herb; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 2 to 6.5 em. long,
acuminate, finely or coarsely crenate-dentate, thinly stellate-pubescent; carpels
9 or 10.
4, Gaya calyptrata (Cav.) H. B. kK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 208. 1821.
Sida calyptrata Cay. Monad. Diss. 57. 1780.
Sida disticha Cay. Icon. Pl. 5: 12. pl. 57. 1799.
Gaya hermannioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 209. pl. 475. 1821.
Sida gaya DC. Prodr. 1: 466. 1824.
Gaya disticha Presl, Rel Haenk 2: 113, 1836.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Chiapas. Central America and South America.
Slender shrub or herb; leaves ovate to lance-oblong, 2 to 4 em. long, obtuse
to acuminate, finely or coarsely serrate, sparsely or densely stellate-pubescent ;
carpels 10 to 14.
9. ROBINSONELLA Rose & Baker, Gard. & For. 10: 244. 1897.
Shrubs or trees; leaves petiolate, entire, dentate, or lobate; flowers chiefly
axillary, usually fasciculate, large and showy, ebracteolate; carpels membrana-
ceous, inflated at maturity.
eavesrGeeply ma sOnyo LOW a te sae sek Lee Se ee ee ee 1. R. lindeniana.
Leaves obscurely or not at all lobate.
Leaves covered beneath with a minute appressed pale silvery tomentum.
2. R. discolor.
Leaves loosely stellate-pubescent beneath, pilose along the nerves.
8. R. cordata.
1. Robinsonella lindeniana (Turecz.) Rose & Baker, Gard. & For. 10: 245. 1897.
Sida lindeniana Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 817: 200. 1888.
Sida ghisbreghtiana Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 817: 200. 1838.
Abutilon ambiguum Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 317: 205. 1838.
Veracruz; type from Mirador.
Shrub, 2.5 to 3 meters high or larger; leaves 7 to 25 cm. wide, the lobes
acute or acuminate, entire or dentate, green above, coarsely stellate-tomentose
beneath; petals white, 7 to 8 mm. long; carpels 7 to 8 mm. long, not beaked,
stellate-pubescent.
2. Robinsonella discolor Rose & Baker, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 181. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Las Palmas, San Luis Potosi, altitude 90
to 120 meters.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 761
Slender tree, 6 to 9 meters high; leaves broadly cordate to orbicular-cordate,
4 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, green above; petals white, 8 mm. long;
carpels about 12, 8 to 10 mm. long.
8. Robinsonella cordata Rose & Baker, Gard. & For. 10: 244. f. 31. 1897.
Durango to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tamazylapan, Oaxaca.
Tree, 4.5 to 9 meters high; leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 13 cm. long, long-
acuminate, crenate-dentate, glabrate above; petals white or purplish, 1.5 to 2.5
cm. long. “Gudcima” (Durango).
10. SIDA L. Sp. Pl. 683. 1753.
Herbs or shrubs, with stellate-pubescence; leaves entire or toothed; flowers
sessile or pedicellate, axillary, racemose, or paniculate, the pedicels often
jointed ; bractlets none; carpels 5 or more, 1-seeded, bivalvate or indehiscent.
Few of the species listed below are true shrubs, but it has appeared more sat-
isfactory to list all of them here as a matter of record and convenience.
Flowers adnate to the petioles of leaflike bracts; petioles hirsute; vere
congested at the ends of the branches; carpels muricate.
Plants decumbent; leaves oblong to oval; petals 7 to 10 mm. long.
1. S. ciliaris.
Plants erect; leaves linear or oblong-linear ; petals 12 to 15 mm. long.
2. S. anomala.
Flowers never adnate to the petioles of leaflike bracts; petioles usually not
hirsute; flowers variously arranged; carpels not muricate.
Calyx terete.
Meavesrentired linear = eter! cart ont i eh ryety court! gee 3. S. linifolia.
Leaves serrate or dentate. ~
Leaves cuneate at base, narrowly lanceolate.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface; inflorescence naked or nearly
FY 0 ae Se Ea i Do ee er ee 4. S. lodiegensis.
Leaves densely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces; inflorescence
densely: leafy2e 2. = Senedd “nreretyl Si tay ot nile te oe 5. S. stricta.
Leaves all or mostly cordate at base, oblong to rounded-cordate.
Pedicels less than twice as long as the calyx in anthesis.
6. S. pyramidata.
Pedicels mostly more than three times as long as the calyx in anthesis.
Flowers in open panicles.
Leaves densely stellate-pilosulous, crenate__--_~_ 7. S. paniculata.
Leaves green, sparsely and very minutely stellate-pubescent, lacini-
ate-serraiecial Vn rieiii) mie eee a beep lee ee 8. S. tehuacana,
Flowers solitary in the leaf axils.
Leaves pilose on the upper surface with mostly simple hairs; upper
Jea'ves nearly sessile:.28c2) 2 9.1hese tapes Bo ee 9. S. filipes.
Leaves minutely stellate-tomentose on the upper surface; upper
leaves slender-petiolate__.-_________--_-_-- 10. S. palmeri.
Calyx conspicuously angulate.
Carpels 7 to 12.
Leaves, all or most of them, deeply cordate at base, ovate-cordate,
densely stellate-velutinous.
Stems and calyx pilose with long, slender hairs_______-_ 11. S. setifera.
Stems and calyx finely stellate-tomentose___________~ 12. S. cordifolia.
762 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves cuneate to rounded at base, rarely shallowly cordate, never
velutinous.
Carpels each with 2 long retrorsely barbed awns___13. S. salviaefolia.
Carpels not awned, or.the awns short and not barbed.
Leaves linear or linear-oblong.
Carpels roundéd at apex; leaves pubescent on the upper surface.
14. S. neomexicana.
Carpels acute or short-awned; leaves usually glabrous on the
vIpper; SUTTAaCC=. =a ene se ae ee ee 15. S. lindheimeri.
Leaves broader than linear-oblong, often ovate.
Pedicels jointed below the middle; leaves distichous__16. S. acuta.
Pedicels jointed above the middle, or sometimes not jointed;
leaves not distichous.
Flowers chiefly racemose, the subtending leaves bractlike.
17. S. xanti.
Flowers axillary.
Pedicels much longer than the subtending leaves.
E 18. S. potosina.
Pedicels all or mostly shorter than the leaves.
Stems and calyx sparsely hirsute; leaves shallowly cordate
Sti base 22 tis ib wept See pee aes 19. S. tragiaefolia.
Stems and calyx not hirsute; leaves cuneate or rounded at
« base.
Calyx lobes acute and mucronate; stipules not ciliate.
20. S. rhombifolia.
Calyx lobes cuspidate-acuminate; stipules long-ciliate.
21. S. corymbosa.
Carpels 5 or sometimes 6.
Flowers densely glomerate in the leaf axils or on the branches of a
panicle.
heaves; hirsute beneath 22 tee elt et ole ake hs 22. S. urens.
Leaves stellate-velutinous beneath____-____--_____- 23. S. aggregata.
Flowers solitary in the axils or loosely paniculate, never in dense glome-
rules.
Leaves rounded or obtuse at base, rarely subcordate, oblong or linear-
OBLONG ER Be Sekt aie Wael by cet ES Teja Y ween gd set 24. S. angustifolia.
Leaves cordate at base, usually deeply so, broader than oblong.
Leaves mostly rounded or obtuse at apex, rarely acute, usually 2 cm.
lonecor Mess is tees: th ee Sn ow Eee ea 25. S. procumbens.
Leaves acuminate or long-acuminate, usually much more than 2 cm.
long.
Leaves very asymmetric at base____--_________ 26. S. decumbens.
Leaves symmetric at base.
Stems viscid-pilose above________________--___ 27. S. glutinosa.
Stems usually without viscid pubescence________ 28. S. glabra.
1. Sida ciliaris L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1145. 1759.
Sida muricata Cav. Icon. Pl. 6: 78. pl. 597, f. 1. 1801.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Oaxaca and Yuecatin. Texas, West Indies, Central
America, and South America.
Plants chiefly herbaceous and spreading, the branches stellate-strigose ; leaves
mostly 1 to 2 em. long, obtuse, rounded at base, serrate, glabrous above, stellate-
pubescent beneath; bracts subulate, long-ciliate; petals copper-colored ; carpels
about 7.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 763
2. Sida anomala St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 177. pl. 33. 1825.
Tepic and probably elsewhere. Central America and South America.
Stems chiefly or wholly herbaceous, strigose; leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, obscurely
serrate, obtuse or acute, glabrous above; petals purplish.
3. Sida linifolia Juss.; Cav. Monad. Diss. 14. pl. 2, f. 1. 1785.
Sida longifolia T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 212. 1905.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Guerrero and Veracruz. West Indies, Central America,
South America, and tropical Africa.
Plants chiefly herbaceous, arect, the stems sparsely pilose; leaves short-
petiolate, 3 to 9 cm. long, acute, sparsely hirsute or glabrate; flowers pedicellate,
in small corymbs or short racemes at the ends of the branches; petals white or
yellowish, 7 to 10 mm. long; carpels about 7, not beaked.
4. Sida lodiegensis Baker f. Contr. U. $. Nat. Herb. 3: 311. 1895.
Sinaloa; type from Lodiego.
Plants tall and much branched, the stems minutely stellate-pubescent ; leaves
short-petiolate, 3 to 11 cm. long, alternate, obscurely serrate, sparsely and
minutely stellate-pubescent beneath; flowers subracemose; petals about 4 mm.
long; carpels 5.
5. Sida stricta Standl., sp. nov.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Mazatlan, Sinaloa (Rose, Standley & Russell
14110; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 636966).
Stems fruticose below, about 1 meter high, densely stellate-pubescent with
fulvous hairs; leaves short-petiolate, 2 to 6 cm. long, acute, thick, serrate, 3-
nerved, very densely stellate-tomentose; flowers axillary, the pedicels 1 cm.
long or less; calyx lobes acute, densely stellate-pubescent; petals 4 mm. long,
bright yellow; carpels 5, not beaked.
6. Sida pyramidata Desport.; Cav. Monad. Diss. 11. pl. 1, f. 10. 1785.
Sida dumosa Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 101. 1788.
Sida hilariana Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 107. 1836.
Sida cinerea Baker f. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 311. 1895.
Tepic to Guerrero, Puebla, and Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, and
Colombia; type from Santo Domingo.
Slender shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the branches very minutely stellate-
pubescent; leaves long-petiolate, rounded-cordate, 4 to 15 em. long, abruptly
acute or acuminate, crenate or dentate, minutely stellate-pubescent or glabrate;
calyx loosely stellate-pubescent and usually pilose; petals yellow, 7 to 8 mm.
long; carpels about 7, not beaked.
7. Sida paniculata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1145. 1759.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies, Central America, and South America.
Slender erect shrub or herb, the branches densely stellate-pubescent with
coarse fulvous bairs; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or lance-ovate, 4.5 to 11 cm.
long, acuminate, densely pubescent; flowers in loose glabrate panicles, the
pedicels filiform ; petals red, 3 to 4 mm. long; carpels 5, not beaked.
8. Sida tehuacana T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 274. 1912.
Known only from the type locality, Tehuacin, Puebla.
Stems purplish, glabrate; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate or deltoid-lanceolate,
3 to 4 cm. long, acuminate, glabrate; inflorescence loosely paniculate, glabrate,
the pedicels filiform; petals purple, 8 mm. long; carpels 7, not beaked.
764 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. Sida filipes A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 164. 1850.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and Tamaulipas. Texas; type collected near Austin.
Low slender shrub, the branches finely stellate-pubescent; leaves short-
petiolate, linear-oblong to lance-oblong, 2 to 7 cm. long, obtuse, cordate at base,
erenate; pedicels filform, about as long as the leaves; petals purple, 4 to 5
mm. long; carpels about 8, not beaked.
10. Sida palmeri Baker f. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 30: 295. 1892.
Sphaeralcea fruticosa T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 275, 1912.
San Luis Potosi; type collected between San Luis Potosi and Tampico.
Slender shrub, the branches minutely stellate-pubescent; leaves oblong or
lance-oblong, 1 to 3.5 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, finely crenate;
pedicels very long and slender; petals purple, 10 to 12 mm. long; carpels
about 10, not beaked.
11. Sida setifera Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 105. 1836.
Sonora to Tepic; type from western Mexico.
Slender shrub, the stems minutely stellate-tomentulose and long-pilose; leaves
long-petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate, 1.5 to 7.5 cm. long, acute or obtuse,
erenate or dentate, densely stellate-velutinous; flowers short-pedicellate,
glomerate; calyx long-pilose ; petals yellow, 7 to 8 mm. long; carpels not beaked.
12. Sida cordifolia L. Sp. Pl. 684. 1753.
Sonora to Guerrero, Veracruz, and Tamaulipas. West Indies, Central Amer-
ica, South America, and tropical Asia and Africa.
Shrub or herb, the branches stellate-tomentose; leaves long-petiolate, broadly
cordate or rounded-cordate, 1.5 to 10 em. long, acute or obtuse, crenate, often
angulate, densely stellate-tomentose, at least beneath; flowers mostly glomerate;
petals salmon-pink, 6 to 8 mm, long; carpels not beaked.
In India the roots are reputed to have astringent and tonic properties, and
are employed for fevers and nervous and urinary affections. In some parts
of Africa they are used as a remedy for rheumatism, because of their sup-
posed diuretic properties. The leaves are employed in India for ophthalmia
and the juice of the root for ulcers, and aphrodisiac properties are ascribed
to the plant.
18. Sida salviaefolia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 110. 1836.
Sida erecta Macfad. Fl. Jam. 1: 80. 1837.
Sida holwayi Baker & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 176. 1899.
Sinaloa to Guerrero and Morelos. Jamaica, Porto Rico, and Colombia.
Plants chiefly herbaceous, erect, the branches minutely stellate-pubescent ;
leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse, finely stellate-pubescent
beneath, crenate-serrate; flowers subracemose; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long.
14. Sida neomexicana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 296. 1887.
Chihuahua to Durango, Jalisco, and San Luis Potosi. Western Texas to
southern Arizona; type from Santa Rita, New Mexico.
Stem unusually herbaceous and 380 ecm. high or less, minutely stellate-
pubescent; leaves 1.5 to 4 cm. long, obtuse or acute, serrate, finely stellate-
pubescent but green; flowers pedicellate, borne chiefly at the ends of the
branches; petals orange, turning purplish, about 1 cm. long.
15. Sida lindheimeri Engelm. & Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 213. 1845.
Coahuila to Veracruz and Chiapas. Louisiana and Texas; type from Texas.
Stems chiefly herbaceous, minutely stellate-pubescent or glabrate; leaves
short-petiolate, 1.5 to 4 em. long, obtuse or acute, serrate, minutely stellate-
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 765
pubescent beneath; flowers long-pedicellate, borne chiefly in the upper axils;
petals yellow, 12 to 14 mm. long.
It is this species, probably, which has been reported from Mexico as S.
elliottit Torr. & Gray.
16. Sida acuta Burm. F]. Ind. 147. 1768.
Sida carpinifolia L. f. Suppl. Pl. 307. 1781.
Sonora to Tamaulipas, Yucatan, and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in tropical
and subtropical regions.
Herb or shrub, sometimes 3 meters high, the stem minutely stellate-pubescent
or glabrate; leeaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, 2 to 10 cm. long,
acute, serrate, green and usually glabrate; stipules linear, green, persistent;
flowers axillary, short-pedicellate; petals yellow or nearly white, 8 to 12 mm.
long; carpels short-awned or merely acute. ‘“‘Malva colorada” (Sinaloa) ;
“malva del platanillo” (Veracruz); “chichibé” (Yueatén, Maya); “escoba
blanea’”’ (Porto Rico); “escoba,” ‘ escobo,” “ escoba babosa,” ‘ escobilla ”
(Colombia) ; ‘‘ malya de caballo” (Cuba) ; “ escobita dulce”? (Santa Domingo).
The branches of this and other species of Sida are often used in Mexico for
making rough brooms. In Yucatén the bark fiber is used for the manufacture
of twine and hammocks. The plant is said to furnish good forage for horses and
sheep. The leaves and young shoots rubbed in water give a lather which may be
used for shaving, especially in the case of a tender and irritable skin. In India
the roots are esteemed for their stomachic properties, and they are employed as
a remedy for ague, dysentery, intermittent fevers, and snake bites.
17. Sida xanti A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 296. 1887.
Baja California and Sinaloa; type from Cape San Lucas, Baja California.
Plants erect, herbaceous or suffrutescent, the branches stellate-pubescent and
viscid or glabrate; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate or lance-ovate, 3 to 10
cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, dentate, green, sparsely stellate-pubescent be-
neath; petals 1.5 to 2 cm. long.
18. Sida potosina T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 184. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi.
Stems suffrutescent, 30 to 40 em. long, stellate-pubescent; leaves short-
petiolate, ovate-elliptic, 2 to 3 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, crenate-
dentate, stellate-pubescent ; pedicels 5 to 9 cm. long; petals yellow, 7 mm. long;
carpels not awned.
19. Sida tragiaefolia A. Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 164. 1850.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas. Western Texas.
Plants chiefly herbaceous; leaves slender-petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong,
1.5 to 5 em. long, obtuse, coarsely dentate, stellate-pilose beneath ; flowers long-
pedicellate ; petals orange-yellow, 10 to 12 mm. long; carpels mucronate.
20. Sida rhombifolia L. Sp. Pl. 684. 1753.
Nearly throughout Mexico, at least at low altitude. Widely distributed in
tropical or subtropical regions.
Plants herbaceous or shrubby, often 2 meters high, the stems minutely stellate-
pubescent, leaves short-petiolate, oblong or lanceolate to rhombic-ovate or obo-
vate, 2 to 8 em. long, obtuse or acute, serrate, usually minutely and densely
stellate-tomentulose beneath; petals pale yellow, about 6 mm. long; carpels
very shortly awned or merely acute. “ Huinari,’”’ “ huinar,” “ huinare” (Micho-
acin, Jalisco); “axocatzin” (Ramirez); “escoba amarilla” (Nicaragua) ;
“ escobilla ” (Costa Rica) ; ‘‘malva de cochino” (Cuba) ; “tebincha” (Argen-
tina) ; “limpién” (Peru) ; “ malya” (Santo Domingo).
766 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The leaves are used in some parts of Mexico as a substitute for Chinese tea.
The strong fiber of the bark is utilized for various purposes. The plants are
much eaten by cattle, and they are very common weeds about houses and in
fields. Maiden reports that in Australia fowls are sometimes killed by eating
the ripe carpels, the sharp points irritating the digestive canal and causing
inflammation. In Costa Rica a decoction of the roots is used as a remedy for
infantile diarrhea.
21. Sida corymbosa R. E. Fries, Bull. Herb. Boiss Il. 7: 998. 1907.
Tepic to Veracruz; type from the region of Orizaba, Veracruz.
Plants suffrutescent, the stems stellate-hirsutulous; leaves short-petiolate,
oblong or lance-oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, acute or obtuse, serrate, pilose above,
coarsely stellate-pubescent beneath; flowers long-pedicellate; calyx 1 cm. long;
petals about 8 mm. long.
This species was reported from Mexico by Hemsley as 8S. glomerata Cav.
22. Sida urens L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1145. 1759.
Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, South America, and tropical Africa.
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, hispid; leaves long-petiolate, ovate-cordate
or lance-ovate, 2 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, dentate or serrate, green; calyx
hispid; petals purplish, little exceeding the calyx; carpels nct beaked.
23. Sida aggregata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 106. 1830.
Guerrero. Panama; reported from Jamaica and Venezuela.
Slender shrub, the branches minutely tomentulose; leaves broadly cordate,
4 to 10 em. long, acute, crenate; calyx densely long-pilose; petals 4 mm. long;
carpels not beaked.
24. Sida angustifolia Lam. Encycl. 1: 4, 1783.
Sida linearis Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 6. pl. 314, f. 1. 1797.
Sida hyssopifolia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 109. 18386.
Tepic to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Texas and Arizona, Central
America, South America, and the tropics of the Old World.
Plants herbaceous or frutescent, the stems and leaves minutely stellate-
tomentulose; leaves on long or short petioles, acute or obtuse, crenate or ser-
rate; flowers short-pedicellate; petals pale yellow, 4 to 6 mm. long; carpels
2-awned.
This has often been reported from Mexico as S. spinosa L.
25. Sida procumbens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 101. 1788.
Sida pilosa Cay. Monad. Diss. 1: 9. pl. 1, f. 8. 1785. Not S. pilosa Mill. 1768.
Sida supina L’Hér. Stirp. Nov. 5: 109 bis. pl. 52 bis. 1789.
Sida diffusa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 257. 1821.
Sida filiformis Moric. Pl. Amer. Rar. 10. pl. 8. 1830.
Sonora and Chihuahua to Tamaulipas, Yucatén, and Oaxaca. Texas to
Arizona, and in the West Indies, Central America, and northern South America.
Stems chiefly herbaceous and decumbent, stellate-pubescent and usually
pilose; leaves ovate-oblong to rounded-ovate, obtuse or rounded at apex,
crenate; flowers on filiform pedicels; petals yellow, 6 to 8 mm. long; carpels
apiculate or short-beaked.
26. Sida decumbens St. Hil. & Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IT. 18: 51. 1842
Guerrero. Guatemala and South America; type from Brazil.
Stems chiefly herbaceous and decumbent, long-pilose; leaves long-petiolate,
obliquely ovate-cordate, 2 to 7.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, crenate, thin,
green, sparsely hirsute; petals 6 mm. long; carpels not beaked.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 767
27. Sida glutinosa Commers.; Cav. Monad. Diss. 16. pl. 2, f. &. 1785
Sida endlicheriana Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 111. 1836.
Sonora and Durango to Oaxaca. West Indies, Central America, South
America, and tropical Asia and Africa.
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, viscid-pilose; leaves ovate-cordate, 2 to
7 cm. long, acute or acuminate, crenate or serrate, thin, green; flowers long-
pedicellate; petals yellow or white, 3 to 5 mm, long; carpels not beaked.
28. Sida glabra Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Sida no. 14. 1768.
Sida ulmifolia Cav. Monad. Diss. 1: 15. pl. 2, f. 4. 1785.
Sida arguta Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 101. 1788.
Sida alamosana 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 133. 1891.
Sonora to Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies, Central America, and
Venezuela.
Stems chiefly herbaceous, sometimes 2 meters high, usually long-pilose;
leaves lanceolate, lance-ovate, or ovate-cordate, 3 to 8 cm. long, acuminate,
crenate or serrate, thin, green; flowers long-pedicellate; petals little exceed-
ing the calyx; carpels not beaked. ‘“ Escobita dulce” (Porto Rico).
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
SIDA BRACHYSTEMON DC. Prodr. 1: 459. 1824. Type from Mexico.
Smpa cARNEA DC. Prodr. 1: 478. 1824. Type from Mexico.
Sipa co“~ina Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 364. 1837. Type from Hacienda de la
Laguna, Veracruz.
S1pa costTaTA Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 365. 1837. Type from Hacienda de la
Laguna, Veracruz.
SpA vENuSTA Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 365. 1837. Type from Tlalpujahua.
11. SPHAERALCEA §&t. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 209. 1825.
Shrubs or small trees,” with stellate pubescence; leaves long-petiolate, shal-
lowly or deeply lobate; flowers large, purplish red, axillary, on long-peduncles ;
bractlets 3; fruit of numerous carpels, these 2 or 3-seeded, not awned.
Several herbaceous species of the genus occur in Mexico, and some of the
species not listed here may become suffrutescent at times, but they are essen-
tially herbaceous.
Bractlets united below the middle, ovate; flowers 5.5 to 6.5 cm. long.
1. S. rosea.
Bractlets spatulate, distinct; flowers 4 cm. long or shorter.
Bractlets equaling the calyx, gradually narrowed below__--- 2. S. crenulata.
Bractlets shorter than the calyx, abruptly narrowed below into a narrow
Fol Ky ae nee a see hg ee 2 ol Eger |S Panes habe Cu eee bee 3. S. umbellata.
1. Sphaeralcea rosea (DC.) Standl.
Malwa rosea DC. Prodr. 1: 485. 1824.
Meliphlea vitifolia Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 359. pl. 9. 1832-36.
Malvastrum roseum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 100. 1879.
Sphaeralcea vitifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 114. 1879.
Michoacin to Chiapas. Guatemala.
Leaves 5 to 18 cm. long, shallowly or deeply lobate, deeply cordate at base,
coarsely stellate-tomentose, the lobes acute or acuminate, irregularly crenate-
dentate; calyx densely stellate-tomentose, 3 to 4 cm. long; carpels numerous,
thin, 2 cm. long.
768 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Sphaeralcea crenulata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 384. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Paxtle, near San Luis Tultit-
lanapa, Puebla.
Leaves 4 to 6 cm. long, angulate or shallowly lobate, finely stellate-pubes-
cent, the lobes obtuse, irregularly crenate and dentate; calyx 1 to 1.5 em. long;
petals 3 cm. long or less.
3. Sphaeralcea umbellata (Cav.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 465. 1831.
Malwa umbellata Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: 64. pl. 95. 1791.
Sphaeralcea galeottii Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moseou 817: 186. 1858.
San Luis Potosi to Puebla.
Shrub or tree, 1.5 to 6 meters high; leaves 6 to 22 cm. long, cordate at base,
coarsely stellate-pubescent beneath, shallowly lobate, the lobes acute or acutish,
sinuate-dentate; calyx about 2 em. long; carpels 1.5 em. long, stellate-hirsute.
12. LAVATERA L. Sp. Pl. 690. 1753.
Shrubs with stellate pubescence; leaves angulate or lobate; peduncles
1-flowered, axillary, solitary or fasciculate; bractlets coalescent, forming a 3
to 6-lobate involucre; carpels numerous, 1-seeded, verticillate about a prominent
axis.
An interesting general account of the American species has been published
by E. L. Greene.* The roots of L. plebeia Sims, which somewhat resemble
parsnips, are used as food by the natives of Australia. The fiber of the same
species was utilized by the aborigines for the manufacture of baskets and
fishing lines, and the stems have been tested successfully for paper making.
Leaves glabrous or essentially so____ eee of A Se el le VeMOSae
Leaves finely stellate-pubescent.
Axis of the fruit not equaling the carpels______________ 2. L. assurgentiflora.
Axis of the fruit conic, much exceeding the carpels.
Bractlets more than half as long as the calyx, conspicuously united at
SCPE Re cE PAC RE TED, ied od Mi LEATPPENS EAIEL nop eae NO ed ee 3. L. occidentalis.
Bractlets less than half as long as the calyx, nearly distinct.
4. L. insularis.
1. Lavatera venosa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 249. 1877.
Known only from San Benito Island, Baja California.
Shrub, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves 7 to 15 ecm. long. green,
usually 7-lobed, the lobes obtuse, coarsely crenate; petals 4 cm. long, white
below, violet above; carpels 4 mm. long.
2. Lavatera assurgentifilora Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1:14. 1854.
Northern Baja California. California; type from Anacapa Island.
Shrub, 3 meters high or less; leaves long-petiolate, 5 to 13 em. long, finely
stellate-pubescent, deeply cordate at base, usually 5-lobate, the lobes irregularly
dentate or lobate; peduncles long and slender; bractlets less than half as long
as the calyx; petals 3 to 4 cm. long, deep pink, veined with red.
A handsome plant, often cultivated in Mexico (specimens have been seen
from the City of Mexico, Puebla, and Veracruz).
3. Lavatera occidentalis S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 11: 124. 1876.
Known only from Guadalupe Island, Baja California.
Shrub, about a meter high; leaves 7 to 12 cm. long, 7-lobate, the lobes acute
or obtuse, coarsely crenate; petals 5 em. long, whitish, striped with violet;
earpels 6 to 10.
*Gard. & For. 3: 378-379. 1890.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 769
4. Lavatera insularis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 249, 1877.
Known only from Coronado Island, Baja California.
Leaves 7 to 15 cm. wide, 7-lobate, the lobes obtuse, coarsely crenate; petals
3 to 4 cm. long, yellowish, striped with purple; carpels about 10.
13. MALVASTRUM A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 21, 1849.
Herbs or shrubs, with stellate pubescence; leaves often lobate; flowers
white, yellow, or red, axillary or terminal, each subtended by 1 to 3 bractlets;
earpels 5 or more, 1-seeded, indehiscent or bivalvate.
There are several Mexican species which are wholly herbaceous. Those listed
here are hardly true shrubs.
Petals 1.5 to 2 em. long, red or pink.
Calyas Stell ate=hisp ides sew eck eA te 1. M. densiflorum.
Calyx finely stellate-pubescent_________________________ 2. M. fasciculatum,
Petals 1 ecm. long or less, variously colored.
Stems strigose, the hairs 4-rayed, the rays in approximate pairs directed for-
Mian Oubackwatd 2 2k 2 Soe se ae 3. M. coromandelianum.
Stems with pubescence of branched hairs, the rays usually more than 4,
radiately divaricate.
Carnpelssbicuspid ates 25.22 22 le eee es 4, M. bicuspidatum.
Carpels rounded on the back, not bicuspidate.
Carpels strigose or hispid above; leaves not lobate; flowers chiefly in
terminal, spikeso2_ = =A) 1h 2 24 E ed Ue et 5. M. spicatum.
Carpels glabrous, rarely finely stellate-pubescent when young; leaves
usually shallowly or deeply lobate; flowers chiefly in axillary clusters.
Stems soon glabrous or nearly so___--________________ 6. M. lacteum.
Stems densely stellate-pubescent_-__-______________ 7. M. ribifolium.
1. Malvastrum densiflorum 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 368. 1882.
Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from San Jacinto
Mountains.
Stems 1 meter high or less, suffrutescent; leaves round-cordate, 1.5 to 4 em.
long, obtuse or rounded at apex, crenate-denate, often shallowly trilobate, stel-
late-pubescent; carpels glabrous.
2. Malvastrum fasciculatum (Nutt.) Greene, Fl. Franc. 108. 1891.
Malwa fasciculata Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 226, 1888.
Malvastrum thurberi A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 307. 1855.
Malacothamnus fasciculatus Greene, Leaflets 1: 208. 1906.
Northern Baja California and Sonora; type from Sonora. Southern Arizona
and California.
Herbaceous or shrubby, sometimes 4.5 meters high; leaves rounded-subcor-
date, 2 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, often obscurely lobate, finely
stellate-pubescent; inflorescence nearly naked; carpels stellate-pubescent.
8. Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke, Bonplandia 5: 295. 1857.
Malva coromandeliana lL. Sp. Pl. 687, 1758.
Malwa tricuspidata Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 210. 1812.
Malwastrum tricuspidatum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 16. 1852.
Sonora and Chihuahua to Tamaulipas, Yucatén, and Oaxaca. Widely dis-
tributed in tropical and subtropical regions.
Plants essentially annual but often becoming fruticose; leaves chiefly rhom-
bic-ovate, often broadly so, 2 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, usually
rounded at base, crenate-dentate, green, thinly strigose; flowers mostly axillary
7808—23——17
770 _ CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
and solitary, short-pedunculate; petals yellow; carpels hispid. ‘‘ Escoba blan-
ea,” “escobita dulce” (Porto Rico).
4. Malvastrum bicuspidatum (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:
286. 1909.
Malvastrum tricuspidatum bicuspidatum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 417.
1886.
Chihuahua to Morelos, Oaxaca, and Sinaloa; type from Hacienda San Miguel,
Chihuahua.
Plants usually fruticose, about 1 meter high, the stems reddish brown; leaves
ovate or broadly ovate, 2 to 7 ecm. long, acute, crenate-dentate, green, thinly
or densely stellate-pubescent; petals yellow; carpels hispid. ‘“ Malva” (Sina-
loa).
5. Malvastrum spicatum (L.) A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 22. 1849.
Malva spicata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1146. 1759.
Jalisco to Nuevo Leén, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Widely distributed in tropical
regions.
Plants sometimes 2 meters high; leaves rounded-ovate, 2 to 7 cm. long, obtuse,
subcordate to obtuse at base, crenate-dentate, stellate-pubescent ; calyx hirsute;
petals yellow. ‘‘ Malvaviseco” (Port Rico).
6. Malvastrum lacteum (Ait.) Standl.
Malva lactea Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 448. 1789.
Malva vitifolia Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: pl. 30. 1791.
Malvastrum vitifolium Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 100. 1879.
Michoacan to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, the stems sometimes 5 cm. thick; leaves 5
to 12 em. long, cordate at base, 3 or 5-lobate, the lobes acute or acutish,
crenate-dentate, green, sparsely stellate-pubescent; flowers slender-pedicellate,
in loose cymes; petals white.
7%. Malvastrum ribifolium (Schlecht.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. 1: 100. 1879.
Malwa ribifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 351. 1887.
Malva mexicana Schauer, Linnaea 20: 724. 1847.
Malvastrum mexicanum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 99. 1879.
Malvastrum schaffneri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 1438. 1890.
Malvastrum greenmanianum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat Herb. 5: 180. 1899.
Coahuila to Mexico and Oaxaca; type from Mineral del Monte, Hidalgo.
Central America.
Stems herbaceous or fruticose, sometimes 2.5 meters high; leaves 4 to 13
em. long, usually shallowly 3 or 5-lobate, crenate-dentate, stellate-pubescent, the
terminal lobe acute; flowers white, sessile or nearly so in dense axillary
clusters.
14. MALACHE Vogel in Trew, PI. Select. 50. 1772.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves often shallowly lobate; flowers axillary, paniculate,
or subcapitate at the ends of long peduncles; bractlets 5 or more, usually
distinct; petals spreading or erect; carpels 5, 1-seeded, often armed with
spines, bivalvate or indehiscent.
Carpels with 1 or 3 long, retrorsely barbed awns at apex; leaves not cordate
at base.
Carpelsismooth: on: the jback= =...) a ea ee 1. M. rosea.
Carpels transverse-rugose on the back.
Bractlets more than twice as long as the calyx_________ 2. M. arachnoidea.
Bractlets about equaling’ the calyx_-=-2.-- = 3. M. spinifex.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 771
Carpels not awned; leaves cordate at base.
Petals erect; carpels of the fruit with fleshy pericarp__4. M. malacophylla.
Petals spreading; carpels dry.
Bractlets lanceolate or ovate.
Bractlets lanceolate, about twice as long as the calyx__5. M. chiapensis.
Bractlets ovate, equaling or shorter than the calyx__6. M. nepetaefolia.
Bractlets linear.
Fruit deeply lobed, the carpels scarcely coherent______ 7. M. lasiopetala.
Fruit not lobed, the carpels adnate to each other.
Calyx finely stellate-pubescent; bractlets not ciliate; stamen column
with several large appendages at base______ 8. M. melanommata.
Calyx hirsute; bractlets long-ciliate; stamen column not appendaged.
Carpels glabrous or scaberulous____-_-__________ 9. M. paniculata.
Caypels*densely jpubescent=2 2-232 _-- eae ee 10. M. purpusii.
1. Malache rosea (Schlecht.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 71. 1891.
Pavonia rosea Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 355. 1837.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Hacienda de la
Laguna, Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, and South America.
Shrub, about a meter high, the branches stellate-pubescent; leaves short-
petiolate, rhombic-obovate or obovate-oblong, 4 to 18 cin. long, acute or acumi-
nate, dentate, minutely stellate-pubescent; flowers mostly clustered at the ends
of long peduncles; bractlets linear; petals pink, about 12 mm. long. ‘ Mozote”
(Guatemala).
2. Malache arachnoidea (Presl) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1891.
Pavonia arachnoidea Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 129. 18386.
Guerrero; type from western Mexico, probably from Acapulco.
Stems slender, stellate-hirsute; leaves long-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, 3 to
6.5 cm. long, long-acuminate, serrate-dentate, coarsely stellate-pubescent ;
flowers mostly axillary, long-pedicellate; bractlets subulate, hirsute; petals
about 12 mm. long.
3. Malache spinifex (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1891.
Hibiscus spinifex L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1149. 1759.
Pavonia spinifexr Cav. Monad. Diss. 133. 1787.
Pavonia lanceolata Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 356. 1837.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Florida, West Indies, Central America, and South
America.
Shrub or herb, 0.5 to 4 meters high, the branches pilosulous; leaves short-
petiolate, oblong or lonceolate, 2 to 7 em. long, acute, serrate, thinly pubescent;
flowers mostly axillary, long-pedicellate; bractlets linear-lanceolate; petals
yellow, 14 to 16 mm. long. “Cadillo espinoso” (Porto Rico); “ pajarito
amarillo” (Colombia) ; ‘ cadillo amarillo” (Santo Domingo).
4. Malache malacophylla (Nees & Mart.) Standl.
Lopimia malacophylla Nees & Mart. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 4865. 1848.
Pavonia malacophylla Wright ; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 117. 1879, as
synonym.
Oaxaca. Cuba and South America.
Shrub, the branches densely stellate-tomentose; leaves rounded-cordate, 10
to 18 cm. long, acute or obtuse, often angulate, denticulate, velvety-tomentose;
flowers chiefly axillary; bractlets about 18, linear, hirsute; petals purple-red,
3 to 3.5 em. long.
In general appearance the plant is much like some species of eee:
It was reported by Hemsley as Pavonia velutina St. Hil.
TZ CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Malache chiapensis Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Jiquipilas, Chiapas (Goldman 1037; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 470832).
Shrub, the branches densely tomentose and somewhat viscid; leaves on long
or short petioles, ovate-cordate, 2 to 4.5 em. long, acute, crenate-dentate, densely-
stellate-tomentose, the basal lobes usually overlapping; flowers axillary, long-
pedicellate; bractlets usually 6, stellate-tomentose; petals yellow, 2 cm. long;
earpels scabrous, somewhat rugose on the back.
6. Malache nepetaefolia Standl., sp. nov.
Coahuila and San Luis Potosi; type from General Cepeda, Coahuila (Pringle
13698; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 462390).
Shrub, the branches finely stellate-pubescent; leaves slender-petiolate, del-
toid-cordate or deltoid-oblong, 1.5 to 3.5 em. long, obtuse, deeply cordate at
base, coarsely crenate or near the base crenate-lobate, rather thinly stellate-
pilosulous; flowers axillary, slender-pedicellate; bractlets usually 6, acute,
stellate-pubescent; petals 12 to 14 mm. long; fruit deeply lobed, the carpels
lightly coherent, indehiscent, finely pubescent.
7. Malache lasiopetala (Scheele) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1891.
Pavonia lasiopetala Scheele, Linnaea 21: 470. 1848.
Pavonia wrightii A. Gray, Gen. Fl. Amer, 2: 76. pl. 130. 1849.
Coahuila and Nuevo Le6n; reported from Hidalgo. Western Texas; type
from Texas.
Shrub, the branchlets pilosulous; leaves broadly cordate, 3 to 6 cm. long,
acute, often angulate, coarsely serrate or dentate, stellate-pilose beneath; flow-
ers axillary, long-pedicellate; petals rose-purple, about 2 cm. long; carpels
glabrous.
8. Malache melanommata (Robins. & Seat.) Standl.
Pavonia melanommata Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 104. 1893.
Michoacin, Guerrero, and Morelos; type from Monte Leén, Michoacan.
Slender shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches finely viscid-pubescent,
leaves long-petiolate, ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to 12 cm. long, long-acuminate,
cordate at base, crenate, often shallowly trilobate, minutely stellate-pubescent ;
flowers chiefly axillary, long-pedicellate; petals 2 to 2.5 em. long, pink, with
dark center.
9. Malache paniculata (Cav.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1891.
Pavonia paniculata Cay. Monad. Diss. 3: 135. pl. 46, f. 2. 1787.
Pavonia mexicana H. B. Ix. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 284. 1821.
? Pavonia scabra Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 129. 1836.
Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, and South America.
Shrub, 1 to 8 meters high, the branches viscid-pubescent and often hirsute;
leaves ovate-cordate, 5 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, often trilobate,
crenate or serrate; flowers mostly paniculate; petals yellow, about 1.5 cm.
long, pilose within at base.
10. Malache purpusii (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Pavonia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 250. 1908.
Pavonia liebmannii Ulbrich, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 138: 516. 1915.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Zacupan, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Slender shrub, the branches viscid-tomentose and hirsute; leaves ovate-
cordate, 3 to 12 em. long, acute or acuminate, dentate; flowers axillary, long-
pedicellate; petals purplish, 1.5 to 2 em. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
It would be possible to key out some of the species listed below by the
characters given in the original descriptions, but the writer has seen no
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. iio
material which certainly belongs to them, and it may be that some of the
names are referable to other genera.
PAVONIA GLANDULOSA Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 129. 1886. Type from western
Mexico.
PAVONIA HETEROPHYLLA Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 317: 189. 1858.
PAVONIA HIRTIFLORA Benth. Pl. Hartw. 7. 18389. Type from Aguascalientes.
PAVONIA RACEMIFLORA Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 277. 1836-39. Type
from Tepic.
PAVONIA URTICAEFOLIA Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 128. 1836. Type from western
Mexico.
15. MALVAVISCUS Cav. Monad. Diss. 131. 1780.
Shrubs or trees; leaves toothed, often lobed or angled; flowers usualy red,
pedunculate, axillary or racemose; bractlets numerous; petals erect-connivent,
or spreading only above; fruit 5-celled, the carpels baccate, indehiscent,
1-seeded.
The differences between most of the species are poorly marked, and most
of the characters are so variable that there is much doubt as to which ones
are of systematic value. The following treatment is not wholly satisfactory,
but the writer is uncertain whether the number of recognized species should
be increased or decreased.
Various species of Malvaviscus are cultivated in Mexico and elsewhere for
their showy flowers. Among gardeners they are frequently known by the
generic name Achania. The bark contains a tough fiber. A decoction of the
flowers is employed in Mexico for inflammation of the digestive tract, and in
popular practice as an emmenagogue. The plants have the emollient properties
characteristic of the family.
One of the species is figured by Hernéndez,* without name or description.
Another one, apparently, is illustrated and described’? in a chapter headed
“De Atlat Zopillin, seu aquosa herba appensa.”
CorollagmtoySrcmiyl on caeee ms eRe ae eek» ee ee 1. M. candidus.
Corolla less than 6 cm. long.
Leaves glabrous beneath, or the pubescence of separated, simple or stellate
hairs.
Corolla 4 to 5 cm. long.
IBYENC ELS EST AVERSA ORONO ee 2. M. pendulifiorus.
Bractlets broadened above, ciliate and usually stellate-pubescent.
8. M. conzattii.
Corolla 2 to 3.5 cm. long.
Pubescence of the upper surface of the leaf almost wholly of simple
PANTS ee ee eae Saree eee es ee 4, M. rivularis.
Pubescence of the leaves wholly or chiefly of stellate hairs.
Leaves minutely stellate-pubescent beneath along the nerves. Leaves
usually as broad as long, deeply cordate at base.
5. M. drummondii.
Leaves coarsely stellate-pubescent along the nerves or hirtellous.
Leaves mostly 3 to 5-lobate, usually 5 to 14 cm. wide.
6. M. populifolius.
Leaves usually not lobate, mostly 1 to 5 cm. wide.
7 M. grandiflorus.
* Thesaurus 352. 1651.
?Thesaurus 117. 1651.
14 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves densely stellate-tomentose beneath with crowded interlaced hairs.
Corollatl5-em) Jong. 2 ee ae igi ae ae eae 8. M. palmeri.
Corolla 2.5 em. long or larger.
Petals*spreadme above: 2 5 es OE eee nk eee 9. M. acerifolius.
Petals erect.
Pubescence of the lower surface of the leaves and of the bractlets
wholly oftminute Wairsstls en 5. Ue shee ips ys 10. M. oaxacanus.
Pubescence of the leaves and bractlets partly of coarse spreading hairs.
Leaves minutely stellate-pubescent beneath upon the veins.
5. M. drummondii.
Leaves coarsely stellate-pilose beneath along the veins.
11. M. arboreus.
1. Malvaviscus candidus DC. Prodr. 1: 445. 1824.
Malwaviscus pringlei Baker f. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 175. 1895.
Coahuila, Querétaro, Jalisco, and Michoacan.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves 3 or 5-lobate, 8 to 20 cm. long,
cordate at base, the lobes irregularly dentate or crenate, stellate-pubescent ;
bractlets linear, equaling or Shorter than the calyx; petals white. “ Lirio”
(Coahuila).
The Coahuila specimens were taken from a cultivated plant, and the shrub
is cultivated elsewhere in Mexico. Palmer reports that a decoction of the
flowers and peach leaves is a local remedy for deafness, and that the flowers
are steeped in mescal to prepare a drink for coughs and colds.
2. Malvaviscus pendulifiorus DC. Prodr. 1: 445. 1824.
Malvaviscus lanceolatus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 175. 1899.
Michoacan to Chiapas.
Shrub, 1.5 to 4 meters high, nearly or quite glabrous throughout; leaves
slender-petiolate or the upper nearly sessile, lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 3-nerved,
rounded or cordate at base, acuminate, sinuate-serrate; petals red. “* Monacillo
colorado” (Oaxaca, Reko).
8. Malvaviscus conzattii Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 333. 1912.
Sinaloa to Chiapas and Veracruz; type from Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Shrub; leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate, 5 to 15 cm. long, acute or acumi-
nate, obtuse to subcordate at base, sinuate-Serrate, uSually not lobate; petals
red.
4. Malvaviscus rivularis T. 8S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 211. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, Cofradia, Sinaloa.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 9 cm. long, acuminate, serrate-
dentate, often shallowly trilobate, the pubescence beneath chiefly of simple
hairs; bractlets linear; corolla red, about 3 cm. long. ‘“‘ Media noche.”
5. Malvaviscus drummondii Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 230. 1838.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, San Luis Potosi, and Yucatén. Texas.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves rounded-cordate, 4 to 9 cm. long, obtuse
or acute, usually angulate or shallowly lobate, crenate-dentate ; practleta Sparky:
late-linear; corolla red, 2 to 3.5 em. long. ‘“ Manzanilla ” Gilesagecen!
The fruit is edible, and is eaten either raw or cooked.
6. Malvaviscus populifolius Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 135. 1836.
Colima to Chiapas and Morelos. Guatemala.
Leaves 5 to 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded or cordate at base,
angulate or shallowly lobate, crenate or dentate; corolla red, 3 to 3.5 cm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 775
7. Malvaviscus grandiflorus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 288. 1821.
Malvaviseus sepium Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 361. 1837.
Michoacin to Chiapas, Yucatin, and Veracruz; type from Guanajuato. Cen-
tral America.
Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 5 meters high; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate,
2.5 to 9 cm. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely crenate or dentate; corolla red,
2.5 to 3.5 cm. long. ‘“ Chilmecate” (Guerrero, Langlassé) ; “ mazapfn,” “ mo-
silado”’ (Veracruz) ; “ aguate” (Guerrero).
This form is the one to which the name M. arboreus Cay. has been applied
most frequently. Palmer reports that a decoction of the flowers is used as a
gargle for sore throat.
8. Malvaviscus palmeri Baker f. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 313. 1895.
Malvaviscus cinereus Baker f. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 37: 347. 1899.
Tepic and Jalisco; type from Tepic.
Leaves reniform-cordate, 6 to 16 cm. long, acute or acuminate, 3 or 5-lobate,
serrate, grayish, finely stellate-pubescent; flowers in long dense racemes;
bracts linear.
The two names cited above were based upon the same collection.
9. Malvaviscus acerifolius Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 135. 1836.
Jalisco and perhaps elsewhere; type from western Mexico.
Leaves rounded-cordate, 7 to 15 em. long, acute, angulate or lobate, crenate,
densely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces; flowers subcorymbose; bractlets
linear, densely stellate-pubescent.
10. Malvaviscus oaxacanus Standl., sp. nov.
Oaxaca; type collected north of Tuxtepec (Nelson 348; U. S. Nat. Herb. no.
1,073,354).
Leaves ovate-cordate or rounded-cordate, 4 to 8 em. long, acute, deeply cordate
at base, crenulate or dentate, often angulate or shallowly trilobate, very
minutely stellate-pubescent, becoming glabrate above; flowers axillary; bract-
lets linear, slightly shorter than the calyx, minutely stellate-pubescent; corolla
red, 2.5 to 3 cm. long.
11. Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. Monad. Diss. 131. pl. 48, f. 1. 1780.
Malwvaviscus acapulcensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 288. 1821.
Malwaviscus mollis DC. Prodr. 1: 445. 1824.
Sinaloa to Chiapas, Campeche, and Veracruz; type from Mexico. Central
America and Colombia.
Shrub; leaves ovate to reniform-cordate, 5 to 16 cm. long, obtuse to acumi-
nate, rounded to deeply cordate at base, crenate or dentate, often angulate or
shallowly lobate, densely stellate-pubescent; bractlets linear; corolla red.
“Monacillo ” (Veracruz, Colima, Jalisco, Durango, Mexico, Oaxaca); ‘‘ man-
zanita’”’ or “manzanito” (fruit; Colima, Guatemala) ; “ mazapfin’” (Mexico) ;
“civil” (Veracruz, Tabasco) ; “amapola” (Costa Rica); ‘ clavel encarnado,”
“estrella de Panamé” (Guatemala); ‘“quesillo” (Nicaragua); ‘“ manzanita
quesillo ” (El Salvador).
The vernacular names are chiefly derived from literature, and doubtless
are applied indiscriminately to all the red-flowered species.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
MALVAVISCUS FLAVIDUS DC. Prodr. 1: 446. 1824. Type from Mexico.
MALVAVISCUS PENTACARPUS DC. Prodr. 1: 445. 1824. Type from Mexico.
MALVAVISCUS PLEURANTHERUS DC. Prodr. 1: 446. 1824. Type from Mexico.
MALVAVISCUS PLEUROGONUS DC. Prodr. 1: 446. 1824. Type from Mexico.
776 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
16. KOSTELETZKYA Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 130. 1836.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, the pubescence chiefly of stellate hairs;
leaves often angulate or lobate; flowers axillary or paniculate; petals erect
or spreading; bractlets 7 to 10; capsule 5-angulate, the cells 1-seeded.
Probably none of the species deserve to be classed as shrubs.
Petals erect, convolute, 2 to 3.5 cm. long.
Stemsphispide 2823 oe ee Se AE oe 1. K. paniculata.
Stems minutely stellate-pubescent.
Capsule hispid; leaves not lobed__-_--____-_________ 2. K. malvaviscana.
Capsule glabrate except on the angles; leaves motly 3-lobed__3. K. thurberi.
Petals spreading, usually less than 2 em. long.
Pubescence of the stems chiefly of long simple hairs, very few, if any, small
stellate hairs present.
Leaves, at least the upper ones, 3 to 5-lobed nearly or quite to the base.
. 4. K. coulteri.
Leaves, at least the upper ones, not lobed, the lower ones angulate or shai-
RO Wily TO OCS Pere ere Se ee Te ie ce 5. K. hastata,
Pubescence of the stems of stellate hairs, these mostly very small.
Upper leaves mostly or 3 or 5-parted_2___ tt 6. K. digitata.
Upper leaves not lobed or merely hastate-lobed____---_~-_ 7. K. sagittata
1. Kosteletzkya paniculata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 285. 1848.
Sonora, Sinaloa, and Jalisco; type from Bolafios, Jalisco.
Shrub or herb, 1 to 2 meters high, the stems and leaves coarsely hispid ; leaves
long-petiolate, broadly cordate, 10 to 20 cm. long, most of them shallowly or
deeply 3 to 7-lobed; flowers in large panicles; petals white (?) ; seeds glabrous.
2. Kosteletzkya malvaviscana Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 319. pl. 67.
1905.
Known only from the type locality, Las Cuevas, Sonora.
Plants 1 to 2 meters high; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 7 em. long, acute, crenate-
dentate, minutely stellate-pubescent, rounded at base; petals purple-pink.
Probably a form of K. thurberi.
8. Kosteletzkya thurberi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 314. 1887.
Known only from the type locality, Cocospera, Sonora.
Plants 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves rounded-cordate, angulate, stellate-
pubescent, serrulate; flowers in naked panicles; petals rose-colored.
4. Kosteletzkya coulteri A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 23. 1852.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Sonora.
Plants chiefly or wholly herbaceous, a meter high; leaves long-petiolate, 3 to
8 em. long, the lobes narrow, coarsely serrate; petals white or yellow, 13 mm.
long; seeds glabrous.
5. Kosteletzkya hastata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 130. 1836.
Kosteletzkya hispida Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 132. 1836.
Kosteletzkya cordata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 132. 1836.
Hibiscus tampicensis Moric. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 7: 260. pl. 14.
1833.
Kosteletzkya tampicensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 319. 1905.
Kosteletzkya violacea Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 319. pl. 68. 1905.
Sonora to Tamaulipas and Morelos. Nicaragua.
Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves on long or short petioles, lance-oblong to
broadly cordate, 3 to 7 em. long. dentate, often shallowly lobate or hastate-
lobate; petals 10 to 13 min. long, yellow or purplish; seeds minutely pubescent.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 777
The specimens placed here show great variation in leaf form, but the varia-
tion upon a single plant is nearly as great as in the whole series of specimens.
6. Kosteletzkya digitata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 289. 1870.
Known only from the type locality, Yaqui River, Sonora.
Leaves with linear denticulate lobes, or some of the leaves simple; flowers
long-pedicellate, purplish, 8 to 10 mm. long; seeds glabrous.
7. Kosteletzkya sagittata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 131. pl. 70. 1836.
Kosteletzkya stellata Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 532. 1895.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Guerrero. Reported from the West
Indies and northern South America.
Leaves very variable, from linear-oblong to deltoid, often hastate-lobate or
even 3 or 5-lobate, serrate or dentate, green; petals white or pink; seeds minutely
pubescent.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
KOSTELETZKYA MADRENSIS Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 4. 1908.
17. HIBISCUS L. Sp. Pl. 693. 1753.
REFERENCE: Hochreutiner, Revision du genre Hibiscus, Ann. Cons. Jard.
Genéve 4: 23-191. 1900.
Shrubs or small trees, sometimes herbs, the pubescence chiefly of stellate
hairs; leaves often lobed or parted; flowers chiefly axillary, of various colors;
bractlets usually numerous; fruit a 5-valvate capsule; seeds glabrous or hairy.
Hibiscus manihot L., a species with large yellow flowers and with leaves
divided into narrow lobes, is sometimes cultivated in Mexico under the names
“pajiza”’ and ‘“ viudas.” The okra (‘“ chimbombo,” ‘“ quimgombo”), Hibiscus
esculentus L., also is cultivated.
Bractlets bifurcate at the apex.
Stes and: perioles acleolatess= = =. ean ens SE ANS 1. H. bifurcatus.
Stems and petioles not aculeolate.
Heaves stellate-nispid beneathe ee eee 2. H. costatus.
Leaves minutely stellate-pubescent beneath ____________ 3. H. furcellatus.
Bractlets not bifurcate.
Petals red, erect, convolute. Corolla 2 to 3.5 cm. long.
Bractlets spatulate, obtusepe2h 28s fee eee ee da 4. H. nelsoni.
Bractlets linear, acute.
Leaves rounded or broadly cuneate at base, not lobate____5. H. spiralis,
Leaves truncate or subcordate at base, usually shallowly hastate-lobate.
6. H. tubiflorus.
Petals not red, spreading.
Bractlets 2.3 to 8 mm. wide, ovate, lanceolate, spatulate, or broadly linear.
Leaves glabrous beneath or essentially so, all or most of them deeply
Vobatewss hee Geib es ek ae Lee 2 eee ee 7. H. sabdariffa.
Leaves densely pubescent beneath, very shallowly or usually not at all
lobate,
Bractlets united to the middle or higher________-______ 8. H. tiliaceus.
Bractlets free or nearly so.
Flowers 5.5 to 6 em. long; bractlets broadly linear; leaves mostly
(eto 2orem:$wides. 29252 Sen ee 9. H. clypeatus.
Flowers 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long; bractlets spatulate, or lanceolate and
contracted at base; leaves mostly 2 to 7 em. wide.
Bractlets spatulate, obtuse; calyx about 12 mm. long.
10. H. lavateroides.
Bractlets lanceolate, acuminate; calyx about 20 mm. long.
11. H. cardiophyllus.
778 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Bractlets narrowly linear or setaceous, less than 2 mm. wide.
Petals 6 to 8 em. long; leaves glabrous or nearly so__12. H. rosa-sinensis.
Petals 5 cm. long or less; leaves usually copiously pubescent.
Bractlets less than half as long as the calyx________ 13. H. denudatus.
Bractlets nearly or quite as long as the calyx, often much longer.
Stems hispid with long, mostly simple hairs, and with 2 lines of fine
MUBESCeNn Cees Si ie Bees oS ae ee 14. H. biseptus.
Stems glabrous or with short pubescence of stellate hairs, these
evenly distributed.
Petals purple orspulplish=— = 15. H. brasiliensis.
Petals white, yellow, or yellowish.
Petals about 1 cm. long; leaves not lobate____16. H. purpusii.
Petals 3 to 5 em. long; leaves usually lobate.
Capsule strigose- 2 ek ee ee ee 17. H. ribifolius.
Capsule glabrous. ;
Leaves all or partly 3-parted______________ 18. H. coulteri.
Leaves merely dentate, or shallowly lobate.
Leaves 1 to 3 ecm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, the
pubescence of the lower surface chiefly of 4 or 5-
raved sloose Hains] 2222. see 19. H. elegans.
Leaves mostly 3 to 5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, the
pubescence of the lower surface of 3-rayed appressed
DTS oe ah gag oe 20. H. acicularis.
1. Hibiscus bifurcatus Cav. Monad. Diss. 146. pl. 51, f. 1. 1787.
Hibiscus uncinellus DC. Prodr. 1: 449. 1824.
Tepic to Chiapas and Veracruz. West Indies, Central America, and South
America; type from Brazil.
Shrub or herb, 1 to 4.5 meters high, the stems hispid and aculeolate; leaves
6 to 18 em. long, hirsute and stellate-pubescent, aculeolate beneath along the
veins, usually deeply trilobate, the lobes acuminate, serrate; calyx 1.5 to 2 em.
long; petals 7 to 9 cm. long, purplish; capsule strigose. “Flor de paisto”
(Michoac4n, Guerro, Langlassé).
The leaves are slightly acid, and in Brazil they are cooked and eaten.
2. Hibiscus costatus A. Rich. Ess. Fl. Cuba 138, 1845.
Hibiscus australis Rose; Donn. Smith, Enum. Pl. Guat. 6: 4. 1903, nomen
nudum.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Cuba and Guatemala; type from Cuba.
Shrub or herb, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches stellate-hispidulous or
glabrate; leaves ovate-cordate to reniform-cordate, 3.5 to 10 cm. long, acumi-
nate, dentate, often angulate or shallowly lobate; calyx 1.8 to 2 cm. long;
petals 6.5 to 7.5 em. long, lavender or deep pink; capsule strigose.
3. Hibiscus furcellatus Desr.; Lam. Encycl. 3: 358. 1789.
Veracruz. Florida, West Indies, Central America, and South America.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the stems stellate-tomentose; leaves ovate-cordate
or orbicular-cordate, 5 to 12 em. long, acute or obtuse, dentate, often angulate
or shallowly lobate; calyx 1.5 to 2 em. long; petals 6 to 8 em. long, purple-
pink; capsule strigose.
4. Hibiscus nelsoni Rose & Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected between Nopala and Mixistepec, Oaxaca (Nelson 2480; U. S.
Nat. Herb. No. 1,073,355).
Leaves deltoid-lanceolate, 2.5 to 5.5 em. long, long-acuminate, rounded or
truncate at base, serrate-dentate, stellate-hispidulous with fulvous hairs;
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 7179
flowers axillary; bractlets about 3 mm. wide; calyx 1 em. long, strigose, the
lobes rounded at the apex; petals 2 cm. long, stellate-hispidulous; stamen
column exserted; capsule strigose or glabrate.
5. Hibiscus spiralis Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 47. pl. 162. 1793.
State of Mexico and probably elsewhere; described from plants cultivated
at Madrid.
Shrub, the branches soon glabrate; leaves lanceolate or ovate, 1.5 to 3 em.
long, acute, coarsely crenate-serrate, thinly and minutely stellate-pubescent ;
calyx about 12 mm. long; petals 2 to 2.5 cm. long; stamen column exserted;
capsule strigose.
6. Hibiscus tubiflorus DC. Prodr. 1: 447. 1824.
Abelmoschus achanioides Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 317: 196. 1858.
Hibiscus achanioides Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 121. 1879.
Tamaulipas to Yucatin, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Southern Florida, West
Indies, and Guatemala.
Slender shrub; leaves deltoid-lanceolate or deltoid-ovate, 2 to 5 ecm. long,
acute or obtuse, coarsely crenate-dentate, thinly stellate-hispid; calyx 6 to 15
mm. long; petals 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long; stamens slightly or not at all exserted;
capsule stellate-hispidulous. ‘“ Hol,” “ xtupkinil” (Yucatan, Maya); ‘“ mona-
cillo del rio” (Mexico, Urbina).
7%. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Sp. Pl. 695. 1753.
Cultivated in Mexico and doubtless also growing without cultivation. Native
of the East Indies; often cultivated and naturalized in tropical America.
Slender shrub or herb, 1 to 2 meters high, with red glabrous stems; leaves
deeply 3 or 5-lobate, the lobes serrulate, the costa bearing a large gland be-
neath near the base; calyx 2 em. long; petals 4 to 5 em. long, pink or purplish ;
capsule strigose. ‘“ Jamaica,” ‘flor de Jamaica” (Mexico); “vifia,” “ agrio
de Guinea” (Porto Rico).
The English names are “ roselle’”’ and “ Jamaica sorrel.” The plant is often
cultivated for the fleshy red calyces, which are mucilaginous, with acid flavor,
and are used in the preparation of jellies and sauces. The leaves also are
sometimes used for flavoring food. In India the plant is of importance be-
cause of the fiber of the stems, which is separated by retting and employed
for cordage. The seeds are said to have demulcent, diuretic, and tonic prop-
erties, and the ecalyces are employed in the preparation of cooling beverages
for fever patients.’
8. Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Sp. Pl. 694. 1753.
Hibiscus elatus Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 103. 1788.
Hibiscus azanzae DC. Prodr. 1: 454. 1824.
Hibiscus bracteosus DC. Prodr. 1: 455. 1824.
Paritium tiliaceum Juss.; St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 198. 1825.
On seacoasts, Tepic to Oaxaca; reported from Veracruz. Widely distributed
in tropical regions.
Shrub or small tree, usually 2 to 5 meters high, with large stipules; leaves
ovate-cordate to reniform-cordate, 6 to 18 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate,
entire or nearly so, green above, pale beneath and stellate-tomentulose ; calyx
2 to 2.5 em. long; petals yellow, turning greenish when dry, 6 to 7 cm. long;
capsule densely pubescent. ‘“ Hold,” “xtol6” (Yucatan, Maya); “ majahua,”
“majagua,” “ masahua,” “ mazahua’” (Oaxaca, Veracruz, Guerrero, Venezuela,
+See P. J. Wester, Contributions to the history and bibliography of the
roselle, Bull. Torrey Club 38: 91-98. 1911.
780 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Nicaragua, Cuba, Costa Rica, Porto Rico, Santo Domingo, Peru, Panama) ;
“emajagua” (Porto Rico, Peru); “huamaga” (Ecuador); ‘ damajagua ”
(Peru); ‘“algodoncillo” (Venezuela) ; “ demajagua,”’ “majagua azul,” ‘“ ma-
jagua macho” (Cuba); ‘“majagiiito de playa” (Colombia); ‘‘majagua de
playa” (Panama) ; “nau” (Hawaii); ‘“ fau” (Samoa); “pago” (Guam).
The word “ majagua’” has been corrupted in English into ‘ mahoe,”’ the
name used in Jamaica and elsewhere. The wood is white, soft, and porous,
and is said to weigh 35 to 388 pounds per cubic foot. It is sometimes utilized as:
a substitute for cork. The plant was an important source of fiber in the Western
Hemisphere before the arrival of the Huropeans, and is still used extensively
for cordage. It was employed in many parts of the Tropics for the manufacture
of mats and coarse cloth. In quality the fiber is similar to jute, and it has the
property of becoming stronger after being soaked in water. 'To the flowers,
roots, and bark are ascribed aperitive, emollient, sudorific, and laxative proper-
ties. In the Pacific islands the bark was sometimes eaten when other food was
lacking. The aborigines of Queensland value the roots as food, likewise the
leaves, which have a slightly acid flavor. In Samoa the bark is used for strain-
ing the narcotic drink ava. In Guam ropes of it, after having been oiled, are
employed as cables. For an illustration of the plant see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
8: pl. 50.
9. Hibiscus clypeatus L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1149. 1759.
Hibiscus berlandierianus Moric. Pl. Amer. Rar. 8. pl. 6. 1830.
Veracruz, Campeche, and Yucatan. Greater Antilles.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 6 meters high, branches stellate-tomentose; leaves
rounded-cordate, 8 to 24 em. long, acute, obscurely dentate or nearly entire,
usually angulate, densely stellate-pubescent; calyx about 4 em. long, nearly
equaling the petals; capsule densely hispid, about 4 cm. long. ‘“ Huevo de
gato” (Porto Rico).
10. Hibiscus lavateroides Moric. Pl. Amer. Rar. 9. pl. 7. 1830.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Tampico, Tamaulipas.
Leaves broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, 2 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or acute, dentate,
stellate-hispidulous; petals pink or purplish, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long; capsule stel-
late-pubescent, 12 to 15 mm. long.
11. Hibiscus cardiophyllus A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 22. 1852.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Puebla. Western
Texas; type from Turkey Creek.
Shrub or herb, 30 to 60 em. high, the stems stellate-hispidulous; leaves
rounded-cordate, 3 to 7 cm. long, obtuse, sinuate-dentate, sometimes angulate,
pale beneath and densely stellate-tomentose; petals crimson, about 3 cm. long;
capsule glabrous or nearly so.
12. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Sp. Pl. 694. 1753.
Common in cultivation and often growing without cultivation. Probably
native of China, but now widely dispersed in tropical countries.
Shrub or small tree, nearly or quite glabrous throughout; leaves ovate or
broadly ovate, 5 to 15 cm. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely crenate-dentate;
stamen tube exserted. “Tulipin” (Yucatan); “tulipin rojo” (Oaxaca) ;
“rosa china,” “ gallardete”’ (Oaxaca) ; ‘‘ obelisco”’ (Mexico, Jalisco, Durango) ;
“stchil” (Ramirez); “clavel” (Guatemala); ‘“resucitado,”’ ‘‘ escandalosa
roja”’ (Colombia) ; “ Mar Pacifico’? (Cuba, Honduras) ; ‘ pavona,” ‘“ amapola,”
“mapola,” “ candelada” (Porto Rico); “clavel6én” (El Salvador) ; “ bonche”
(Colombia).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF: MEXICO. 781
The Chinese hibiscus is one of the most common ornamental shrubs in tropi-
cal America, and is cultivated also in hothouses in temperate regions. The
flowers are often double, and they occur in many shades of red and yellow,
some forms having variegated petals. In India the shrub is known as “ China-
rose,” “ shoeblack-plant,” or “‘ shoe-flower plant.” The latter names are derived
from the fact that the petals, which turn black when crushed, are used for
blacking shoes. They are employed by the women of China to dye the hair
and eyebrows. The flowers are sometimes pickled and eaten in China, and they
are used to color spirituous liquors. The petals impart to paper a bluish
purple tint which reacts like litmus. The bark is employed in China as an
emmenagogue.
A related species (known in Porto Rico as “lira”? and in Colombia and the
Philippines as “arafa”) is H. schizopetalus (Mast.) Hook., which likewise
is cultivated in Mexico. It is distinguished by having recurved petals which
are cut into narrow lobes. Still another species cultivated in Mexico is the
Rose-of-Sharon or althea, Hibiscus syriacus L. (“ altea,” “flor de una hora”),
an Asiatic plant. It is similar to H. rosa-sinensis, but has mostly smaller flow-
ers, Single or double, pink, purple, or white, with a very short stamen column.
13. Hibiscus denudatus Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 7. pl. 3. 1844.
Hibiscus denudatus involucellatus A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 22. 1852.
Baja California to Durango, Coahuila, and Chihuahua; type from Magda-
lena Bay, Baja California. Western Texas to Arizona.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves rounded-ovate
or oblong-ovate, 1 to 3.5 em. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, rounded or sub-
cordate at base, sinuate-dentate, finely stellate-pubescent; calyx 8 to 14 mm.
long; petals 2 to 2.5 cm. long, lavender-purple; capsule glabrous or nearly so.
14. Hibiscus biseptus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 418. 1886.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Jalisco, and Sinaloa; type from Hacienda
San Miguel, Chihuahua.
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, 1 meter high or less, in age sometimes
glabrous; leaves 1.5 to 7 cm. long, the upper ones deeply lobed, the lower ones
often merely crenate-dentate, thinly stellate-hispidulous or nearly glabrous;
calyx 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long; petals 3 to 4.5 cm. long, white or pale yellow, with
purple spot at base; capsule glabrous.
15. Hibiscus brasiliensis L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 977. 1763.
Hibiscus phoeniceus Jacq. Hort. Bot. Vind. 3: 11. pl. 14. 1776.
Hibiscus oryphyllus DC. Prodr. 1: 455. 1824.
Hibiscus violaceus T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 211. 1905.
Hibiscus iochromus T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 385. 1909.
Chihuahua to Sinaloa, Oaxaca, and Veracruz. West Indies, Central America,
and South America.
Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches soon glabrate; leaves del-
toid-lanceolate or deltoid-ovate, 3 to 8 cm. long, long-acuminate, coarsely crenate-
dentate, often deeply lobate, thinly stellate-hispidulous or glabrate; bractlets
shorter or often much longer than the calyx; petals 1 to 2 em. long; capsule
strigose. “ Mirame-linda” (Nicaragua); “peregrina” (Cuba); “cadillo”
(Santo Domingo).
16. Hibiscus purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 368. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Tree; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, cuspidate-acuminate, obtuse
or rounded at base, serrate, nearly glabrous; flowers nearly sessile; petals
greenish yellow; capsule stellate-hirsute.
782 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
17. Hibiscus ribifolius A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 154. 1861.
Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches stellate-pubescent; leaves deltvid-
ovate, 2 to 5.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, coarsely serrate-dentate, often sub-
hastate, soon glabrate; petals sulphur-yellow, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long.
18. Hibiscus coulteri Harv.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 23. 1852.
Sonora and Chihuahua to Hidalgo; type from Zimapén, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, or often herbaceous; leaves dimorphous, ‘the
lower ones rounded-ovate or ovate-oval and dentate, the upper ones mostly
parted into 3 narrow dentate lobes; petals white or pale yellow, 2 to 4 cm.
long.
It is probable that the proper name for this species is H. acetosaefolius
DC.*. The plate of Sessé and Mocifio? upon which that name was based
agrees very well with specimens of H. coulteri, except for the small size of
the flowers, as illustrated.
19. Hibiscus elegans Standl., sp. nov.
Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacén, Puebla (Pringle 7505; U.
S. Nat. Herb. No. 305765.)
Shrub, the branches stellate-strigose; leaves elliptic to oval or ovate-rhombiec,
1 to 3 em. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, rounded or broadly cuneate at base,
crenate-dentate, green, stellate-hispidulous; calyx 1.5 to 2 em. long, the lobes
linear-lanceolate; bractlets shorter than the calyx; petals 3 to 4 cm. long, yel-
low, with red spot at base.
20. Hibiscus acicularis Standl., sp. nov.
Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leén; type from Monterrey, Nuevo Leén (Pringle
13880; U. S. Nat. Herb. No. 462430).
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, 60 cm. high, stellate-strigose; leaves
hastate-deltoid, obtuse to long-acuminate, crenate or serrate, green, thin,
sparsely pubescent with mostly 3-rayed and appressed hairs; flowers long-
pedunculate; bractlets equaling or longer than the calyx; calyx 1.5 to 2.5 em.
long, the lobes linear-lanceolate; petals 3 to 4 em. long, white or pale yellow;
seeds covered with long silky hairs. “ Amor de un dia” (Tamaulipas).
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
Hrsiscts cyANoGyNus DC. Prodr. 1: 455. 1824. Described from Mexico.
Probably not of this genus.
18. GOSSYPIUM L. Sp. Pl.
REFERENCE: George Watt, The wild and cultivated cotton plants of the world,
1907.
Shrubs or large herbs, sometimes small trees; leaves usually 3 to 9-lobed;
flowers large, yellow or purplish, the calyx subtended by 3 large cordate bracts;
calyx truncate or shallowly 5-lobate; fruit a loculicidal capsule, the seeds com-
monly covered with long cotton.
The cultivated species of the genus are greatly confused and poorly under-
stood. This is due chiefly to the fact that many of the cultivated forms are
the result of hybridization.
Cotton is, of course, one of the most important plants of Mexico, where it
has been in cultivation from ancient times. The early European visitors men-
1Prodr. 1: 455. 1824.
* DC. Calg. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 79.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 783
tion frequently the cotton garments worn by the natives, who showed great
skill in their manufacture. Cotton is now one of the most valuable of cultivated
crops in Mexico.
The general Spanish word for cotton is “algod6n.” This is frequently modi-
fied by various varietal names. The name for the plant is “ algodonero.” The
following additional names are reported: “Taman” (Yucatéin, Maya) ;
“xurata” (Michoacén); “xchup” (Yucatén, Maya); “cuinim” (Huastec) ;
“icheatl” (Nahuatl) ; “tidy,” “dehti” (Otomf, Buelna) ; “ pishm” (cotton),
“pishten-kiup ” (the plant), “ pishten-puih” (the flower), “pishten” (cotton)
(Mixe, Belmar).
The root bark of cultivated cotton is official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia.
It has emmenagogue properties and is sometimes employed to facilitate parturi-
tion, but at present it is little used. By the slaves of the South in former days
it was employed as a means of producing abortion. The plant is said to
be used in Mexico for the same purposes, an infusion of the leaves and flowers
is employed as a gargle for sore throat, and an infusion of the roasted seeds for
dysentery and similar affections.
Besides the fiber obtained from the cotton plant, a valuable product is found
in the seeds. These yield an oil which is applied to a wide variety of uses,
and the residue left after the extraction of oil is an important source of
fertilizer and of food for stock.
Bractietsentire,) united) below. <2 2 == 1. G. gossypioides.
Bractlets toothed or lobed or, if entire (in one species), free.
Seeds covered with very short and close hairs or nearly glabrous, never
with long wool. Bractlets free.
Bractlets incised; leaves entire, stellate-velutinous______ 2. G. davidsonii.
Bractlets entire; leaves mostly lobed, glabrous or nearly so.
8. G. harknessii.
Seeds with long loose wool, sometimes also with a close covering of short
hairs.
Seeds covered with long, loose, easily detachable hairs, without a covering
of short hairs. Leaves glabrous or nearly so________ 4. G. barbadense.
Seeds with a double coat, consisting partly of short matted hairs and
partly of long, not easily detachable hairs.
Leaves entire, or deeply lobed (three-fourths the distance to the base or
more), the lobes mostly narrowly oblong and often constricted below;
petals usually not purple on the claws.
Meavestallc entries. sets anti 412 N fect Ft Le 5. G. lanceolatum.
Leaves 3 or 5-lobed.
Blowers) aboutsouem: (lon gies st ee 6. G. palmerii.
Flowers about 6 cm. long.
Leaves subcordate at base; fuzz of the seeds brown.
7. G. schottii.
Leaves deeply cordate at base; fuzz of seeds usually greenish.
8. G. microcarpum.
Leaves 3 to 7-lobed, the lobes usually extending less than halfway to
base, broad, not constricted below; petals usually purple on the
claws.
Leaves glabrous, with 3 to 7 radiating lobes________ 9. G. mexicanum.
Leaves pilose, usually with 3 ascending lobes_______ 10. G. hirsutum.
1. Gossypium gossypioides (Ulbrich) Standl.
Selera gossypioides Ulbrich, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 55: 51. 1913.
Oaxaca; type from San Bartolo Yautepec.
784 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub; leaves cordate at base, 3-lobed to about the middle, 8 to 13 em.
long, glabrous except along the veins; the lobes ovate-lanceolate, very long-
acuminate; bractlets ovate-cordate, acute, entire, covered with large purple
dotlike glands; calyx 8 to 9 mm. long, purple-dotted; petals 5 to 5.5 cm. long,
purplish when dry.
In a general way the specimens agree with a tracing of the plate which
served as the basis of De Candolle’s description of Ingenhouzia triloba.1 The
writer feels convinced, however, that the two plants are different. The identi-
fication of Ingenhouzia is still uncertain, and it may well be that the plant
has never been recollected. By many authors it has been held to be the same
as Thurberia thespesioides A. Gray, but that view is undoubtedly incorrect.
2. Gossypium davidsonii Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5: 82. 1873.
Southern Baja California and western Sonora.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 2.5 to 6.5 em.
long, acute or acuminate, rarely shallowly trilobate; petals 3 to 3.5 cm. long,
bright yellow, with purple claws; bractlets densely stellate-pubescent.
Watt states that this is probably identical with G. klotzschianum Anderss.,
a native of the Galapagos Islands.
3. Gossypium harknessii T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 1386. 1889.
Ingenhouzia harknessti Rose, U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 131: 54.
1908.
Baja California; type from Santa Margarita Island.
Shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high, forming dense rounded clumps; leaves reni-
form or broadly cordate, 1.5 to 5 em. long, acute, deeply cordate at base,
shallowly trilobate, glabrous except when very young; bractlets broadly ovate,
acuminate; petals 2.5 to 3 cm. long, sulphur-yellow, with purple claws; fruit
8-celled, the cells 4-Seeded.
4. Gossypium barbadense L. Sp. Pl. 693. 1753.
Cultivated and sometimes growing wild; specimens seen from Veracruz,
Jalisco, Sinaloa, and Baja California. Widely cultivated in warm regions.
Plants herbaceous or often becoming fruticose; leaves 7 to 13 cm. long,
eordate at base, 3 or 5-lobed, the lobes acute or acuminate, ascending or
spreading, glabrous or nearly so; bractlets free; petals pale yellow, tinged
with purple, about 5.5 cm. long; seeds covered with long white cotton.
This species includes most of the cultivated forms of sea-island and other
long-staple cottons.
5. Gossypium lanceolatum Tod. Rel. Cult. Cot. 185. pl. 5, f. 1. 1877-78.
Described from wild Mexican plants.
Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, pinnate-nerved; bracelets large, ovate, deeply
cordate, deeply toothed above, exceeding the corolla.
The plant is known only from the data afforded by the original description.
6. Gossypium palmerii Watt, Wild & Cult. Cotton 204. pl. 34. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub with dark red branches; leaves mostly trilobate but partly entire,
the lobes narrowly oblong, long-acuminate, glabrous or nearly so; pedicels
with 8 large glands at apex; bractlets with glands within at base; petals
pale yellow; seeds covered with green fuzz and long white cotton.
Gossypium fruticulosum Tod.” may be a form of the same species. It was
described from Mexico.
ENE Oe i ee Se
1 DC. Prodr. 1: 474. 1824.
2 Rel. Cult. Cot. 187. pl. 12, f. 3. 1877-78.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 785
7. Gossypium schottii Watt, Wild & Cult. Cotton 206. pl. 35. 1907.
Yucatan; type from Mérida. Reported from Paraguay.
Leaves usually 3 or 5-lobed, the lobes mostly oblong or narrowly oblong,
long-acuminate, glabrous or nearly so, spreading; bractlets free; petals yellow,
tinged with purple. “ Xchup” (Yucatin, Maya).
8. Gossypium microcarpum Tod. Hort. Panorm. 1: 63. pl. 14. 1876.
Described from plants believed to be of Mexican origin. The species has
been found in cultivation in Peru, Brazil, Africa, and the Philippines.
Lobes of the leaves ovate, acute; bractlets large, glabrous, deeply cordate;
petals pale yellow, without purple spots; seeds with greenish or brownish
fuzz and dirty-white coarse cotton.
9. Gossypium mexicanum Tod. Rel. Cult. Cot. 193. pl. 6. 1877-78.
Cultivated in Mexico and probably growing also without cultivation. Widely
cultivated in other regions.
Plants shrubby; petioles and pedicels usually pilose at first; leaves 7 to
15 cm. wide, the lobes broadly ovate; petals pale yellow or white, flushed with
pink, scarcely exceeding the bractlets; seeds with ashy fuzz and dull white
to reddish cotton. ‘“ Ichcaxihuitl” (Nahuatl; “ wool-plant”).
The plant is treated by Hernindez* in a chapter entitled “De Yehcazihuitl
seu Gossypio.”
10. Gossypium hirsutum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 975. 1763.
Cultivated in Mexico and growing without cultivation in many localities.
Cultivated in many parts of the earth.
Plants herbaceous or often woody, with reddish stems, the branches and
leaves sparsely or densely hirsute; petals yellow or pale yellow, often purplish
at base; capsule usually 4-celled.
19. THURBERIA A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 308. 1854.
1. Thurberia thespesioides A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 308. 1854.
Gossypium thurberi Tod. Prodr. Gossyp. 7. 1878.
Chihuahua, Sonora, and Jalisco; type collected near Cocospera and Ymuris,
Sonora. Southern Arizona.
Plants herbaceous or fruticose, 1 to 3 meters high, glabrous or nearly so;
leaves long-petiolate, the blades mostly 3-parted or deeply 3-lobate, the divisions
lanceolate, entire, long-acuminate, gland-dotted; flowers axillary or subcorym-
bose; bractlets 3, longer than the truncate calyx; petals about 2.5 cm. long,
white, turning purplish, black-dotted; capsule 3-celled, 12 to 20 mm. long;
seeds woolly. ‘“ Algodoncillo’ (Sonora).
This plant has been referred erroneously by some authors to Ingenhouzia
triloba DC..
20. ERIOXYLUM Rose & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 13: 307. 1911.
Shrubs or trees; leaves long-petiolate, entire; flowers chiefly axillary, usually
appearing before the leaves; bractlets 3, much shorter than the calyx; petals
purple; capsule 3-celled, ovoid, covered with large black glands; seeds woolly.
Calyx with 5 triangular acuminate lobes; pedicels 10 to 15 mm. long.
1. E, palmeri.
Calyx obscurely repand-dentate ; pedicels 2 to 5 mm. long________ 2. E. aridum.
+Thesaurus 808. 1651.
7808—23——18
786 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Erioxylum palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 308. 1911.
Cienfugosia palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 308. 1895.
Known only from Colima, the type locality.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 12 cm. long, long-
acuminate, subcordate at base, sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent ; petals
6 cm. long, minutely pubescent outside; capsule 2 to 2.5 cm. long.
2. Erioxylum aridum Rose & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 307. 1911.
Sinaloa, in coastal thickets ; type from Culiacan.
Slender shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high; bark gray; leaves broadly ovate,
1.5 to 3 em. long, acute or obtuse, rounded at base, sparsely and minutely
stellate-pubescent; petals about 5 cm. long, nearly black within below the
middle; capsule 2.5 em. long. ‘‘Amapola.”
The wood is sometimes used for fencing. The trunk is often 30 to 35 em. in
diameter.
96. BOMBACACEAE. Cotton-tree Family.
Trees; leaves simple or digitately compound, deciduous; pubescence chiefly
of stellate hairs; flowers small or large, often bracteolate; calyx 5-lobate
or truncate or opening irregularly; petals 5; stamens 5 to many, the filaments
free or united into a tube; fruit dry or fleshy, 2 to 5-celled, dehiscent or inde-
hiscent; seeds 2 to many in each cell.
Leaves simple.
Stamien.tubeishoriseitevitite “ewes alee ee hale gt 1. HAMPEA.
Stament ‘tube’ elongate. £5... =.= ae ee A el 2. @GUARARIBEA.
Leaves digitately compound.
Seeds winged; flowers in one-sided racemes________-____ 3. BERNOULLIA.
Seeds not winged; flowers mostly solitary.
Stamen tube dividing into 5 parts, each of these bearing several sessile
anthers at the summit; trunk often spiny; leaflets often serrate.
4. CEIBA.
Stamen tube dividing into many fascicles or filaments, the anthers borne
on long filaments; trunk unarmed; leaflets entire.
Seeds 1.5 cm. or more in diameter; flowers usually 20 cm. long or larger;
stamen tube elongate, the fascicles repeatedly branched.
5. PACHIRA.
Seeds 6 mm. or less in diameter; flowers usually less than 15 cm. long;
stamen tube short, the fascicles dividing into simple filaments.
6. BOMBAX.
1. HAMPEA Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 371. 1837.
Trees or shrubs; leaves long-petiolate, entire or shallowly trilobate; flowers
on axillary pedicels, usually fasciculate; bractlets 3 or more, very small; calyx
truncate or obscurely 5-lobate; capsule 3-celled, the cells few-seeded; -funicle
dilated into a large fleshy aril.
Capsule densely villous within; calyx truncate____________ 1. H. integerrima.
Capsule glabrous within or hairy only along the sutures.
Capsule 1.5 cm. long, the cells about 3-seeded_______________ 2. H. trilobata.
Capsule 3 cm. long, the cells many-seeded_________________ 38. H. tomentosa.
1. Hampea integerrima Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 372, 1837.
Veracruz; reported from Tabasco; type from Josocola, Veracruz. Central
America.
Small tree; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, 10 to 22 cm. long, acute or acumi-
nate, rounded or subcordate at base, entire, glabrous in age or nearly so:
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 787
flowers long-pedicellate; calyx and corolla minutely stellate-tomentulose out-
side; bractlets 3, caducous; petals nearly 2 cm. long, whitish; capsule about 1.5
em. long. ‘“ Jonote blanco” (Veracruz, Seler); “ majagua” (Tabasco, Rovi-
rosa).
2. Hampea trilobata Standl., sp. nov.
Yucatén and Campeche; type from Apazote, einiicelts (Goldman 488; U.S.
Nat. Herb. no. 396850). $
Leaves 8 to 13 em. long, 7 to 9.5 cm. wide, rounded or subcordate at base,
with 3 very short, triangular, acute or obtuse lobes near the apex, glabrate
above, minutely stellate-pubescent beneath; calyx 5 mm. long, stellate-tomen-
tulose, the lobes ovate-oval, obtuse, nearly as long as the tube; bractlets 3;
eapsule finely tomentose outside, glabrous within except along the sutures.
The type specimen consists of a fruiting branch. A flowering specimen from
Izamal, Yucatin (Gauwmer 845) is probably conspecific, but it has more copious
and looser pubescence. The petals are about 13 mm. long.
38. Hampea tomentosa (Presl) Standl.
Thespesia tomentosa Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 186. 1836.
Oaxaca; type from western Mexico.
Leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, 8 to 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, some-
times shallowly trilobate, stellate-pubescent on both surfaces, densely so
beneath, in age sometimes glabrate; calyx lobes oval-ovate, obtuse, shorter than
the tube, the calyx with 3 large dark glands at base; bractlets 3 to 6, caducous;
petals white (?), about 1.5 cm. long.
Specimens collected recently in Oaxaca by Conzatti and by Reko agree well
with Presl’s description of Thespesia tomentosa, but they appear referable
rather to Hampea. Presl’s species was based upon flowering specimens.
2. QUARARIBEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 691. 1775.
Trees or shrubs; leaves entire or nearly so, pinnate-nerved; peduncles 1-
flowered, solitary opposite the leaves; calyx tubular-obconic, 3 to 5-dentate;
petals narrow, white; stamen column elongate, antheriferous at the apex; fruit
2-celled, hard, indehiscent, sometimes by abortion 1-celled.
The dried plants have the odor of slippery elm (Ulmus fulva Michx.).
Leaves conspicuously barbate beneath in the axils of the veins___1. @. funebris.
Wearesmnat.banbate, beneaehe a... ees oe ee Se 2. Q. fieldii.
1. Quararibea funebris (Llave) Standl.
Lezxarza* funebris Llave; Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Deser. 2: 12. 1825.
*Juan José Martinez de Lexarza was born at Valladolid (now Morelia) in
1785. At the age of 12 he became a student in the Colegio de Mineria in the
City of Mexico and later graduated with great distinction, his synodic being
no less a person than Humboldt. He was unable to continue his mineralogical
studies, and returned to Michoacfén, where he became a member of the provin-
cial militia and rose to the rank of first captain. He made the acquaintance of
La Llave, who was established at the Cathedral of Morelia, and that distin-
guished naturalist interested him in botany. In 1824-25 they published jointly
descriptions of a number of new genera of Mexican plants and various species
of orchids. Lexarza became an enthusiastic student of orchids, and devised a
special classification for them, based upon seed and pollen characters. He ex-
plored various regions of Mexico, and promised to become one of the accom-
plished botanists of his day, but his great industry proved his undoing and he
died in 1824.
788 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Myrodia funebris Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 6: 115. 1862.
Reported from Oaxaca and Veracruz; originally described from Izficar,
Puebla. Guatemala and El Salvador.
Tree, often 20 meters high, with broad dense crown; leaves oval or elliptic,
short-petiolate, 138 to 40 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, rounded at base, glab-
rous except for the tufts of hairs in the axils of the veins beneath; flowers
short-pedicellate; calyx bracteolate, tomentulose; petals pure white, linear-
oblong, the slender claws as long as the calyx; stamen tube twice as long as
the calyx ; fruit subglobose. ‘‘ Cacahuaxochitl,” “cacaoxochitl,” “ flor de cacao,”
“madre de cacao,” “rosa de cacao.”
In connection with the original description of the genus Lerarza, La Liave’*
gives the following account of the tree: “ The President of the Republic, Guada-
lupe Victoria, while on a military expedition to the southern region, between
Oaxaca and Angelopolis, passing through IzGcar and admiring the funereal
majesty of Lerarza, had sent to me a branch with flowers and fruit, that a
description might be drawn of it; afterward my colleague, Doctor José Ignacio
Luna, sent a drawing of the tree, with accurate measurements, adding the
information that to the splendid shelter formed by the lower branches of the
tree, the primitive inhabitants were wont to come to mourn their dead. He
stated also that flowers were added to the pozonque (a cold drink made of
cacao) which they use at weddings and festivals, to give flavor to it, for
which reason, perhaps, the tree is given the vernacular name of cacahoazochitl,
which may be rendered into Spanish as flor de cacao. According to the same
authority, no other tree of the same sort is found at Izicar or elsewhere in
the region, but Doctor Miguel Valentin, of Huamantla, no mean student of
natural history, after reading the description of the tree, assured me that
when he was making a journey through the Mixteca he observed trees similar
to this.”
In Costa Rica the young shoots of some species (known as “ garrocho” and
“ molenillo”’), which develop their branches, like cacao, in whorls of 5, are
used to make “ molenillos,” the utensils with which chocolate is beaten to a
froth.
2. Quararibea fieldii Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 309. 1898.
Yucatan; type from Hacienda de Chabenché.
Leaves oblong-obovate, 15 to 30 cm. long, acute, obtuse or broadly cuneate at
base, glabrous; flowers subsessile; calyx 2.5 cm. long, tomentulose; petals
1Don Pablo de La Llave was born in the city of Cérdoba, Mexico, in 1778.
He was educated in the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, in that city, and later
gave courses in philosophy in the same institution. He pursued ecclesiastical
studies and received the degree of doctor of theology when he was scarcely 19
years of age. In 1801 he went to Spain to continue his studies, this course
being necssary during the Spanish domination, since at that time the offices
of the church were given only te those who had been born in Spain or educated
there. He became deeply interested in natural history, especially botany,
and was finally appointed director of the botanical garden at Madrid. He
took an interest in political affairs, also, and in 1812 was elected a deputy of the
Cortés. In 1823 he returned to Mexico, and was appointed Minister of Justice
and Ecclesiastical Affairs, a position which he filled until 1825. In 1830 he
was president of the Senate chamber. La Llave died in 1833. He published
numerous biographical and patriotic papers and treatises upon natural science.
He was associate author, with Lexarza, of the Novorum Vegetabilium Descrip-
tiones, published in 1824-25. He described several new genera of plants, most
of which were dedicated to the heroes of the Mexican war of independence.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 789
nearly twice as long as the calyx, 6 to 8 mm. wide; fruit ovoid, 3 cm. long,
tomentose. ‘* Maha.’
The flowers are employed to flavor chocolate.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
MYRODIA VERTICILLARIS DC. Prodr. 1: 447. 1824. Described from Mexico, the
description based upon a plate by Sessé and Mocifio2 The illustration suggests
Quararibea turbinata (Swartz) Poir., a species of South America and the West
Indies, which has been reported from Mexico.
3. BERNOULLIA’ Oliver in Hook. Icon, Pl. 12: 62. 1873.
1. Bernoullia flammea Oliver in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 62. pl. 1169, 1170. 1873.
Oaxaca. Type from “Costa Grande,’ Guatemala.
Tree, sometimes 40 meters high, with broad crown; leaflets usually 5 or 6,
oblong-oblanceolate, petiolulate, 10 to 22 em. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous;
whole inflorescence bright red, obscurely puberulent ; calyx 1 em. long, shallowly
bilobate; petals recurved; stamen tube long-exserted, the anthers clustered at
the apex; fruit brown, ellipsoid, 20 cm. long, glabrous within; seeds (including
the long wing) about 5 cm. long. “ Palo calabaza,” “ palo de perdiz” (Oaxaca).
The wood is described as soft and spongy.
4. CEIBA Medic. Malvenfam. 15. 1787.
Trees, often very large, the trunk and branches often armed with spines;
leaves digitate, the leaflets 5 to 7, usually serrate; peduncles axillary, 1-flow-
ered, the flowers large or small; calyx truncate or 5-lobate; petals oblong or
linear-oblong, hairy outside; stamen tube short, dividing into 5 long branches,
each of these bearing a few crowded anthers at the apex; capsule woody, 5-
celled, densely lanate within, the seeds small.
The species of Ceiba (of which Hriodendron is a synonym), Pachira, and
Bombazx have been much confused in Mexican literature and in botanical pub-
lications in general. The following Mexican-names are reported for plants
whose identity is doubtful, although they belong to one of these three genera:
“ Escobetilla,” ‘“pit6n” (Morelos); “thura’” (Michoacan, Tarascan) ; “ kuy-
ché” (Yucatan, Maya); “tumbile’” (Michoacin); ‘ yaga-xeni” (Oaxaca,
Zapotec).
The trees of this group are well known in Mexico as well as elsewhere in
tropical America, particularly because of their large size, broad crowns, and
extensive buttresses. One of the earliest references to the ceiba trees in
Mexican literature is by Bernal Diaz del Castillo who, in his True History of
the Conquest of Mexico, relates how, in 1519, in the Indian town of Tabasco on
the Rio de Grijalva, after having defeated the natives in battle, Cortés took
possession of the country in the King’s name by drawing his sword and making
three cuts in a great ceiba tree which stood in the central plaza of the town.
Later Diaz states that on Palm Sunday “a cross was made in a large ceiba
tree on the spot where the battle was fought, in order to afford a long memorial
thereof, for this tree has the quality of preserving scars on its bark.”
Oviedo (Lib. IX, Cap. XI) gives an interesting account of the ceiba or
cotton trees, as follows: ‘In the chapters in which I treated of the oak and
mahogany I spoke of their size, and on the mainland there are many such
*DC. Calq. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 99.
2? Named for G. Bernoulli, a native of Switzerland, who resided for some time
in Guatemala, where he made botanical collections.
790 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
trees and others still larger. If I should speak of these things without hav-
ing seen them I should be afraid to mention them; for it is the custom of
fault-finders not to content themselves with repudiating those things which
in themselves are doubtful, but to contradict things that are publicly known.
But since I know that I speak the truth, it does not bother me if the ignorant
revile me, for barking dogs do not bite. I may say then that at a league’s
distance from the city of Darién, otherwise known as Santa Maria del An-
tigua, runs a very wide and deep river called Cuti. Before the Christians
took possession of that country, the Indians had thrown down a stout tree
which erossed that river from bank to bank; it was in a place where we were
constantly crossing to go to our mines and plantations. The tree was very
long and thick, but it had been there for some time and had sunk in the
middle. Although we passed along the upper side, there was one stretch where
the water came to the knees, and every year it lowered a little more, because
the stream wore away the banks on which the trunk rested. Wherefore in the
year 1522, when I was magistrate and captain in that city, I had another
tree growing on the bank thrown across the stream a few paces below.
When cut down it stretched clear across the river, and 50 feet besides; and
the river was more than 100 feet wide. This tree where it was thickest was
16 palms or more in diameter. * * * In comparison with many other
trees in the region, this was a small one.’ * * * “Jn Hispaniola there
was a tree, eight leagues from this city, where it had the name of the drbol
gordo, of which I have often heard the Admiral Don Diego Colén speak, and
I have heard him say that he and fourteen other men, taking hold of hands,
could not reach around it. * * * To me this is not remarkable, remem-
bering still larger ceyba trees that I have seen on the mainland. In the
province of Nicaragua are the largest trees I have yet seen, which greatly
surpass those I have mentioned; I shall speak only of a.ceyba which I saw
many times, less than half a league from the residence of the Cacique of
Thecoatega, beside a river of the town of the Cacique of Guacama, which
belongs to the grant of a man called Miguel Lucas, or his companions Fran-
eisco Niiiez and Luis Farfin. This tree I measured with my own hands by
a cabuya cord, and found its circumference at the base to be 33 varas, or 132
spans [S88 feet]; and since it stood on the bank of a river it was not possible
to measure the lowest portion of the roots; if properly measured, I judge its
circumference would have been 36 varas or 144 spans [96 feet]. This had
the thickest trunk of all the trees I have seen. The wood of the ceyba trees is
spongy, easily cut, and light, and the tree is unimportant except for two
things: One is its wool and the other its vast shade, for the branches are
very wide-spreading, and the shade is wholesome, not oppressive like that of
other trees of the Indies, which is notoriously harmful. * * * The wool
is short and I do not believe it could be spun; but for pillows and cushions
it is unique in its softness, and no feathers, wool, or cotton equal it; but if wet
it forms into balls and is spoiled. * * * The Indians of Nicaragua have
places set aside for the tiangiiez or market, and there they have two, three,
or four of these ceyba trees for shade, which are sufficient to shelter one to
two thousand people. * * * In the province of Nicaragua this tree is
ealled poxrot, and in other places it has other names.”
Flowers 3 to 3.5 cm. long. Leaflets glabrous, even when voung.
1. C. pentandra.
Flowers 8 to 15 em. long or larger.
Leaflets 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, usually rounded or very obtuse at apex and muc-
ronate. 22.202 2 SEO DE RY anes 2. C. parvifolia.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 791
Leaflets usually much larger, mostly acuminate.
Mature leaflets copiously stellate-tomentose beneath; young branches
mostly: Na rmed sq fie Fede ltd Ae 3. C. acuminata.
Mature leaflets glabrous beneath or nearly so, the pubescence, if any,
chiefly of simple hairs; young branches usually very prickly.
4. C. aesculifolia.
1. Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 2: 244. 1791.
Bombaz pentandrum L, Sp. Pl. 511. 1753.
Ceiba casearia Medic. Malvenfam. 16. 1787.
Eriodendron anfractuosum DC. Prodr. 1: 479. 1824.
Friodendron occidentale Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 1: 513. 1831.
Sonora (cultivated), Tepic, Guerrero, Yucatin, Veracruz, and Tamaulipas.
Widely distributed in tropical America, Asia, and Africa.
Large tree, sometimes 40 meters high, with spreading crown; trunk often
with large buttresses at base, the bark gray or green, smooth but covered with
large conical spines; leaflets 5 to 7, oblanceolate, oblong, or obovate-oblong,
8 to 20 cm. long, acuminate; calyx 1 to 1.5 em. long; flowers white or pink;
petals silky-hairy outside; fruit elliptic-oblong, 10 to 12 cm. long, the brown
seeds imbedded in the silky “cotton.” ‘“ Ceiba,” “ ceibo” (Yucatan, Oaxaca,
Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Guerrero, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Cuba); “ yaxché,”
“piim,” ‘ peem” (Yucatin, Maya); “ pochote” (Jalisco, Veracruz); “Arbol
de algodén”’ (Veracruz, Morelos) ; “ pochote,” ‘ pochotl,” ‘ pochotle” (Vera-
cruz, Campeche, ete.) ; “ cabellos de angel,” “ pitén,” ‘ xiloxochitl” (Herrera) ;
“ceibén ” (Nicaragua).
The usual English name is “ silk-cotton tree.” The tree grows very rapidly.
The wood is white and soft, with a specific gravity of about 0.520. The trunks
are often used for canoes, because the wood is so easily worked, and the wood
is employed also for making packing boxes and matches. The most important
product of the tree is the silky fiber enveloping the seeds, which is very fine,
light, and elastic, and does not become matted under pressure. Large quanti-
ties of it are exported from the East Indies and West Africa under the names
“ kapok,” “kapoe,” and “ kapok fiber.” It is employed for stuffing mattresses,
pillows, life preservers, and other articles. The silk is employed locally in
Mexico and is exported in small quantities. It is said to be worth about $1.50
(silver) per kilogram. The silk has been used in England for making beaver
hats.
The seeds yield an oil used for illumination and for the manufacture of
soap. The buttresses at the base of the trunk are often very wide and so
thin that they are sawed into large pieces to be used as doors for native houses.
The leaves are reported to be cooked and eaten at times. The large flowers
are eaten by stock as they fall to the ground. The bark is applied to wounds,
and taken internally it is reputed to have emetic, diuretic, and antispasmodic
properties.
Yor illustrations of C. pentandra see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 24; 9: pl. 42.
2. Ceiba parvifolia Rose, Contr U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 320. 1905.
Guerrero to Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Matamoros, Puebla.
Small or medium-sized tree, the young branches usually armed with stout
prickles; leaflets 5 or 6, obovate-elliptic or rounded-obovate, often long-petiolu-
late, stellate-tomentose or in age glabrate; calyx 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long; petals
about 13 cm. long, covered outside with yellow hairs; fruit oblong-ellipsoid,
& cm. long.
792 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Ceiba acuminata (S. Wats.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 320. 1905.
Eriodendron acuminatum 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 418. 1886.
Eriodendron tomentosum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 314. 1894.
Ceiba tomentosa Britt. & Baker, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 34: 175. 1896.
Baja California and Sonora to Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas, and
probably southward to Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Hacienda San Miguel,
Chihuahua.
Large or medium-sized tree, the greenish trunk covered with large conic
spines; leaflets usually 7, lance-elliptic or oblanceolate, 7 to 15 em, long, cuspi-
date-acuminate, thin, sharply serrate; calyx 3 to 4 cm. long, tomentose or
glabrous; petals 10 to 14 cm. long. densely covered outside with yellow hairs;
fruit very thick and hard, 15 to 18 em. long, the ‘‘ cotton’ brownish or nearly
white. “Ceiba” (Tamaulipas) ; ‘“‘pochote” (Sinaloa, Chihuahua).
A flowering specimen from Chiapas, which probably belongs here, is accom-
panied by the vernacular name “ mosmote.” The cotton is used for stuffing
pillows and for candlewicks. Hartman reports that the fleshy roots are eaten.
Hriodendron tomentosum is a form with tomentose calyx, but this character
appears to be variable and to be merely a matter of degree.
4. Ceiba aesculifolia (H. B. K.) Britt. & Baker, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 34:
175. 1896.
Bombaz aesculifolium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 298. 1821.
Eriodendron aesculifolium DC. Prodr. 1: 479. 1824.
Ceiba grandifiora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 308. 1895.
Ceiba schottii Britt. & Baker, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 34: 173. 1896.
Ceiba pallida Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 320. 1905.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Oaxaca, Yucatin, and Querétaro; type from Campeche.
Guatemala.
Large or medium-sized tree, the trunk armed with stout conic spines; leaflets
5 to 7, elliptic, obovate, or oblanceolate, 5 to 15 cm. long, acuminate or cus-
pidate-acuminate, serrate or rarely entire, usually glaucescent beneath; calyx
2 to 4 em. long, glabrous, often glaucous; petals 10 to 16 em. long, yellow-
hairy outside; fruit ellipsoid-oblong, 12 to 18 cm. long, the ‘ cotton” brownish
or white. ‘‘ Pochote”’ (Oaxaca, Yucatén, Morelos, Colima, Guerrero, Sinaloa) ;
“pochotl” (Nahuatl) ; “ piim,” “ yaxché” (Yucatén, Maya) ; “ ceiba,” ‘‘ ceibo”
(Morelos, Yucatin, Guatemala, etc., a name probably of Carib origin).
The flowers are white at first but turn brown in age. The species is slightly
variable, but none of the forms appear worthy of specific rank; indeed,
it is rather doubtful whether C. acuminata is really a distinct species.
5. PACHIRA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 725. 1775.
Large trees; leaves digitate, the leaflets 3 to 9, entire; peduncles axillary,
1-flowered; calyx truncate; petals linear or linear-oblong, more than 15 cm.
long; stamen tube 4.5 to 10 em. long, the fascicles of stamens repeatedly
branched; fruit large and woody, 5-valvate, naked within; seeds 1.5 cm. or
more in diameter.
Petals 18 to 19 cm. long; stamen tube 4.5 cm. long__________ 1. P. macrocarpa.
Petals 23 to 30 cm. long; stamen tube 6 to 10 em. long__________ 2. P. aquatica.
1. Pachira macrocarpa (Schlecht. & Cham.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 1: 329. 1842.
Carolinea macrocarpa Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 423. 18381.
Pachira longifolia Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 76: pl. 4549. 1850.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; reported from Tabasco; type from Papantla and Te-
colutla, Veracruz. Central America.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 793
Large tree with rounded crown; leaflets 6 to 8, elliptic-oblong or obovate-
oblong, 8 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, coriaceous, glabrous; calyx 1.5 cm.
long, minutely tomentulose; petals 7 to 11 mm. wide, minutely tomentulose
outside; stamens purplish; fruit subglobose. ‘‘ Apompo,” “ zapote reyentador ”
(Veracruz) ; ‘“sapot6n” or “zapotén” (Guatemala, El Salvador) ; “ pumpum-
juche” (El Salvador).
The fruit is said to be as large as a coconut. The tree usually grows along
river banks. The seeds fall into the water, where they germinate and float
about with expanded cotyledons until they reach the bank and take root. The
leaves and flowers are said to be employed to relieve inflammation of the eyes,
and the seeds to be employed as a substitute for cacao.
Pachira longifolia appears to be intended as a new name for P. macrocarpa,
but the plant illustrated is probably P. aquatica. For illustrations of P. macro-
carpa see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: pl. 68, 69.
2. Pachira aquatica Aubl. Pl. Guian. 725. pl. 291, 292. 1775.
Carolinea princeps L. f. Suppl. Pl. 314. 1781.
Veracruz and probably elsewhere; reported from Tabasco and Chiapas,
Central and South America; type from French Guiana.
Large or small tree; leaflets 5 to 7, oblong, elliptic, or oblanceolate, 8 to 20
cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so; calyx
1.5 to 2 cm. long; petals 10 to 15 mm. wide, greenish and tomentulose outside,
yellowish within; fruit ovoid, 10 to 30 cm. long. ‘“ Zapote bobo” (Tabasco,
Ramirez) ; ‘“‘zapote de agua” (Chiapas, Rovirosa) ; “ ceib6n de agua,” “ ceibén
de arroyo,” “ castafio silvestre’? (Cuba).
The tree is said to be known in British Honduras as ‘“ provision-tree.”’ The
large seeds are often eaten, usually after having been roasted, and it is said
that in the Guianas the young leaves are sometimes cooked and eaten.
Here is to be referred Hemsley’s report of P. insignis Savigny, a Brazilian
plant. Hemsley also reports P. minor (Sims) Hemsl. from Mexico, but the
original illustration * of that species is unlike any Mexican plant of which the
writer has seen specimens. For illustrations of P. aquatica see Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 18: pl. 70, 71.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
PACHIRA AUREA Decaisne, Fl. Serr. Jard. 23: 47. 1880. Type from Xochicalco.
6. BOMBAX L. Sp. Pl. 511. 1753.
Large trees, unarmed; leaflets usually 5, entire; peduncles axillary, solitary
or fasciculate, 1-flowered; calyx truncate; petals oblong-linear, usually less
than 15 cm. long; stamen tube very short, the filaments simple and all rising
directly from it; fruit a 5-celled woody capsule, densely lanate within; seeds
small, buried in the wool or “ cotton.”
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so, at least in age____--____ 1. B. ellipticum.
Leaves tomentose beneath, even in age_________________________ 2. B. palmeri.
1. Bombax ellipticum H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 299. 1821.
Carolinea fastuosa DC Prodr. 1: 478. 1824.
Bombazx mexicanum Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 4. 1878.
Jalisco to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Yucatin, and Oaxaca; type from Chil-
pancingo, Guerrero. Guatemala.
*Sims in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 34: pl. 1412. 1811.
794 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Large unarmed tree with smooth, green or gray bark; leaflets petiolulate,
elliptic, oval, or obovate-elliptic, 10 to 24 cm. long, usually broadly rounded at
apex, thinly tomentose when young but in age nearly glabrous, thin; calyx
about 1.5 em. long, commonly with 10 glands at base; petals 7 to 13 cm. long,
purplish; stamens pink or white; fruit oblong or ellipsoid, 10 cm. long, the
“eotton” dirty white. ‘Amapola,” “ amapola blanca,’ ‘‘amapola colorada ”’
(Yucatan); ‘“xcunché” (Yucatin, Maya); “xiloxochitl” (Nahuatl, ‘“ corn-
silk flower,” from the resemblance of the stamens to corn silk); ‘“ ceiba”
(Veracruz, Guerrero) ; ‘“ chilochuchi,” “ chicochuchi” (corruptions of the Na-
huatl name); ‘“itztamatl,’ ‘titilamatl” (Guerrero, Veracruz, Ramirez) ;
““pochote,” ‘‘pochotl” (Mexico); “‘ xanacol,” “ xihuicxan” (Veracruz) ; ‘‘ yaco
de la costa,” ‘“ cabellos de Angel,” ‘‘ coquito,” “ disciplina,” ‘“ jiquique,” ‘ lele,”’
“pongolote,” “tiata’” (Oaxaca, Reko); “ clavellina” (Guerrero) ; “ doncella”’
(Guatemala) ; “ chicochuchi” (Conzatti).
The tree blooms when leafless. The handsome flowers are often gathered for
decorations in churches and for similar purposes, and they were esteemed by
the Mexicans as one of their most beautiful flowers. The decoction of the bark
and root is used as a remedy for toothache and to harden the gums.
This is probably the tree illustrated by Hernandez’ and described in a chap-
ter entitled ‘‘ De Xiloxochitl, Flore Capillaceo.” He states that the bark was
highly valued as a remedy for ulcers, and for its diuretic properties.
Bombaz ellipticum has been reported from Yucatéin as Pachira fastuosa
Decaisne and P. alba (Lodd.) Walp., and Mexican reports of Bombaz ceiba L.,
an Old World species, are probably referable here. Hemsley gives no reasons
for his segregation of B. mexicanum. The numerous specimens seen by the
writer exhibit some variation, especially in the size of the flowers, but all (in-
cluding some from the type locality of B. mexicanum) appear to be conspecific.
2. Bombax palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 399. 1887.
Sonora to Jalisco; type from the barranea near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Tree, 8 to 10 meters high or larger, the trunk 60 to 70 cm. in diameter,
covered with smooth green bark; leaflets nearly sessile, obovate to nearly
orbicular, mostly 10 to 25 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex but usually
apiculate, tomentose on both surfaces when young but glabrate above in age;
petals 10 to 17 cm. long, whitish-tomentulose outside; stamens pink or purplish;
fruit oblong or ellipsoid, 10 to 12 cm. long, the ‘‘ cotton’”’ brownish. ‘“ Cuajilote,”
* guajilote,” “ clavellina” (Sinaloa) ; ‘ clavellina de la barranca” (Jalisco).
The tree flowers when leafless. The burned and powdered bark is applied to
wounds.
EXCLUDED GENUS.
MontTezuMA DC. Prodr. 1: 477. 1824. The single species, M. speciosissima
DC., was based upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s drawings. No similar plant
has been found among recent Mexican collections, and it appears that
Montezuma is the Porto Rican plant, Thespesia grandiflora DC., which was
made the type of a new genus, Maga, by Urban.’
97. STERCULIACEAE. Cacao Family.
Trees, shrubs, or herbs, sometimes scandent, the pubescence chiefly stellate;
leaves alternate, simple or rarely compound, stipulate; flowers small or large,
ehiefly in cymes, usually perfect, regular or sometimes zygomorphic; calyx
+Thesaurus 68. 1651.
*Symb. Antill. 7: 281. 1912.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 795
gamosepalous, usually 5-parted; petals 5 or none, free or united with the
stamen tube; stamens connate, at least at base, the tube usually with 5
Staminodia, the anthers borne in the sinuses; fruit dry or rarely baccate,
usually 5-celled, variously dehiscent.
The genus Brotera Cav. was originally described from Mexico, but incor-
rectly, or else it was based upon a cultivated plant. The name is considered
a synonym of Melhania Forsk. and the species described by Cavanilles is an
African one.
Flowers unisexual; fruit of distinct carpels; leaves simple and deeply lobed or
CEG FNC TIA OUIT Che ees gene ee ee 1. STERCULIA,
Flowers perfect; fruit not of distinct carpels ; leaves simple, rarely lobed.
Petals none. Leaves lobed.
Flowers zygomorphic; anthers sessile____--_-_ 2. CHIRANTHODENDRON.
Flowers regular; anthers on long filaments___.3. FREMONTODENDRON.
Petals present.
Androgynophore very long, in age equaling or longer than the fruit; carpels
OEE SO Une Y.) WLS UCC eee eee ere one ak en eee 4. HELICTERES.
Androgynophore short, always shorter than the fruit; carpels never
twisted. ‘
Petals flat; anthers 5.
Seeds; numerous inj each) cella es eee 5. HERMANNIA.
Seeds 2 in each cell or, by abortion, only 1.
Capsule™i-celled 22s Saas Se ee ee ees 6. WALTHERIA.
Capsule 5-celled. fe
Staminodia present; calyx in fruit 1.5 to 4 em. long.7: i ane
Staminodia none; calyx in fruit 1 cm. long or less.
8.MELOCHIA.
Petals concave or cucullate; anthers 5 to 15.
Anthers 2 or more in each sinus of the stamen tube.
Blade of the petal entire; fruit not muricate_____ 9. THEOBROMA.
Blade of the petal deeply bifid; fruit muricate_____- 10. GUAZUMA.
Anthers 1 in each sinus.
Petals free from the stamen tube________ 11. NEPHROPETALUM.
Petals united at the apex with the stamen tube.
Petals naked on the back or furnished with a gland; plants un-
armed! never! scandent. 242 tien’ we ae 12. AYENTA.
Petals produced dorsally into a ligulate blade; plants often prickly
andsscandentsoieh tule ee eee 13. BUETTNERIA.
1. STERCULIA L. Sp. Pl. 1007. 1753.
Trees; leaves simple and lobate or digitately compound; flowers unisexual
or polygamous, paniculate, usually axillary; calyx 5-lobate, commonly colored
and corolla-like; petals none; stamen column with usually 15 anthers at the
apex; fruit 5-carpellate, the carpels distinct, spreading, woody, dehiscent along
the inner side; seeds 1 to many in each carpel, large.
eaves simple; palmately tobedis = 2. SE Se ee 1. S. apetala.
Leaves dizitately. compound] 28 29h soe i a 2. S. mexicana.
1. Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 35. 1869.
Helicteres apetala Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 238. pl. 181. 17638.
Sterculia carthaginensis Cav. Monad. Diss. 353. 1790.
Sterculia punctata DC. Prodr. 1: 483. 1824.
Chichaea acerifolia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 141. 1836.
Sterculia acerifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 126. 1879.
796 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Chiapas, Tabasco, and Yucatan, and probably elsewhere. West Indies, Cen-
tral America, and South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia.
Tree, 12 to 15 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, 5-lobate, 15 to 30 ecm.
broad or larger, deeply cordate at base, glabrate above, stellate-tomentose be-
neath when young but often glabrate in age, the lobes rounded to acutish at
apex, entire; panicles longer or shorter than the petioles, many-flowered, the
calyx open-campanulate, 2.5 to 3 cm. wide, yellow spotted with purple; carpels
of the fruit 10 em. long, tomentulose, hispid within; seeds oval, about 2 cm.
long, castaneous. “ Bellota” (Tabasco); “‘castafas’ (the seeds; Tabasco) ;
“castano” (Guatemala, Honduras); “Panama” (Nicaragua, Costa Rica) ;
“camajén duro” (Colombia); “camaruca” (Cuba); “ anacagiiitas” (Porto
Rico).
The plant is employed locally for catarrhal and pectoral affections. For an
illustration of this species see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 56.
2. Sterculia mexicana R. Br. in Horsf. Pl. Jav. Rar. 227. 1838-52.
Chiapas and Tabasco; type from Chiapas.
Leaves long-petiolate ; leaflets 7 to 9, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 12 to 30 cm.
long, acute or acuminate, petiolulate, sparsely stellate-pubescent at first but soon
glabrate, pinnate-nerved; panicles about 30 cm. long, many-flowered; calyx 2
cm. broad, lobed nearly to the base, densly pubescent.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
STERCULIA OBLONGIFOLIA DC, Prodr. 1: 482. 1824. Described from Mexico, the
description based upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s drawings. According to Hors-
field and Bennett, this is Cola acuminata (Beauv.) Horsf. & Benn., the cola nut,
an African tree which is cultivated in tropical America. The writer has seen
specimens from Jamaica and Costa Rica but none from Mexico.
2. CHIRANTHODENDRON Larreategui, Descr. Chiranthod. 17. 1805.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Chiranthodendron pentadactylon Larreategui, Descr. Chiranthod. 17. 1805.
Cheirostemon platanoides Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 82. pl. 24. 1808.
Chiranthodendron platanoides Baill. Hist. Pl. 4: 69, 1873.
Mountains of Oaxaca, and often cultivated elsewhere. Guatemala.
Tree, 12 to 15 meters high, the trunk often 40 cm. in diameter; leaves long-
petiolate, 12 to 30 cm. long, acutish to acuminate, deeply cordate at base, irregu-
larly and shallowly 3 to T-lobate or nearly entire, glabrate above, stellate-
tomentose beneath; peduncles short, 1-flowered, opposite the leaves; calyx
campanulate, 3.5 to 4.5 em. long, deeply 5-lobate, green, streaked with red,
with a large pit inside at the base of each lobe; petals none; stamen column
elongate, dividing into usually 5 branches, these linear, simulating long 2-celled
anthers; capsule narrow, about 15 cm. long, deeply sulcate, loculicidally 5-
valvate, hispid within; seeds small, black and shining, with a fleshy appendage
at the hilum. ‘“ Mapastchil” (the flower; from the Nahuatl, macpal-xochitl,
“hand-flower”’) ; ‘‘ macpalxochicuahuitl”’ (the tree; Nahuatl); “arbol de las
manitas,” “flor de manitas,” ‘“‘manita de leén,” “mano de leén” (Mexico) ;
“teyaqua” (Michoacin, Ledén) ; “ palo de tayuyo,” “mano de mico” (Guate-
mala).
The hand-flower tree is one of the most celebrated of Mexican plants, and
was well known to the early inhabitants. It is restricted in its distribution, and
for a long time the only tree known to the residents of the Valley of Mexico
was one growing at Toluca. Even long after the Conquest this was believed
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 197
to be the only tree of its kind, except for its progeny planted elsewhere in the
valley. The stamens bear a striking resemblance to a hand and wrist with
outspread fingers, and because of the remarkable form of the flowers the tree
was viewed with veneration. Trees of this species are of frequent occurrence
in the gardens of the City of Mexico and elsewhere.
The tree is figured by Hernindez* under the name “ Macpalxochi Quahuitl,”
but without description. Cervantes reports that the infusion of the flowers
was employed by the Indians of Toluca as a remedy for inflammation of the
eyes and for hemorrhoids.”
3. FREMONTODENDRON Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 74. 1893.
1. Fremontodendron mexicanum Davidson, Bull. South. Calif. Acad. 16: 50.
1917.
Fremontia mexicana Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 14. 1918.
Mountains and foothills of Baja California; described from a cultivated
plant, from Ensenada. Southern California.
Shrub or small tree with red-brown branches; leaves long-petiolate, palmately
3 or 5-lobate, 2 to 4.5 cm. long; deeply cordate at base, green above, sparsely
stellate-pubescent, whitish or yellowish beneath and covered with a dense close
stellate tomentum, the lobes rounded, sometimes again lobate; flowers solitary,
opposite the leaves, on short peduncles; calyx open-campanulate, 2.5 to 3.5 em.
long, corolla-like, yellow tinged with red, stellate-pubescent, the lobes rounded
and apiculate, each with a large glabrous gland at base; petals none; capsule
4 or 5-valvate, densely hairy.
Fremontodendron californicum (Torr.) Coville is distinguished from F.
mexicanum by the densely hairy glands at the base of the calyx. It has hard
close-grained red-brown wood, with a specific gravity of about 0.71. In Cali-
fornia the tree is sometimes known as slippery elm, because of the resemblance
of its inner bark to that of Ulmus fulva. The genus is named for Col. John
Charles Frémont, one of the earliest explorers of the western United States.
4, HELICTERES L. Sp. Pl. 963. 1753.
Trees or shrubs, with stellate pubescence; leaves serrate; flowers axillary,
Solitary or fasciculate; calyx tubular, 5-dentate; petals 5, equal or unequal,
clawed; stamen column elongate, truncate or 5-lobate at apex, each sinus with
1 or 2 anthers; fruit long-stipitate, composed of 5 many-seeded carpels, these
straight or usually spirally twisted.
The bark yields a good quality of fiber, suitable for cordage and paper. The
plants are mucilaginous and have emollient properties. In Brazil the roots
have been used as a remedy for syphilitic affections.
Flowers erect, regular or nearly so; fruit erect on its stipe and pedicel.
1. H. guazumaefolia.
Flowers horizontal, zygomorphic; fruit recurved or pendent.
Carpels spirally twisted; leaves* tomentose beneath________ 2. H. baruensis.
Carpels straight; leaves glabrate beneath____________________ > 3. H. rekoi.
1. Helicteres guazumaefolia H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 5: 304. 1821.
Helicteres mexicana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 305 1821.
Helicteres carpinifolia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 188. 1836.
: Thesaurus 383, 459. 1651.
*See Mariano Barcena, El Arbol de manitas, Naturaleza 3: 114-117. 1876.
798 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Veracruz. Cuba, Central America, and South
America; type from the Orinoco River.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, often nearly sessile, oblong-
ovate or elliptic-ovate, 5 to 9 em. long, acute or acuminate, rounded or sub-
cordate at base, dentate, finely or coarsely stellate-pubescent; calyx 1.5 to 2.2
cm. long, hirsute or finely stellate-pubescent; petals spatulate, red, longer than
the calyx; gynophore long-exserted; fruit 2 to 3 cm. long, about 8 mm. thick,
finely stellate-pubescent. ‘‘ Majagiiilla’” (Veracruz, Ramirez); “ tornillo’”
(Veracruz); ‘“‘monacillo colorado” (Oaxaca); “sacatrapo” (Tabasco) >
“capitanejo” (Michoacin, Guerrero); “palo de capulin” (Guatemala,
Honduras) ; “rabo de puerco”’ (Costa Rica) ; “ cola de chancho” (Nicaragua) ;
“monecillo” (Guatemala); “ guacimo torcido,” ‘“guacimillo,” “ torcidillo ”
(Panama) ; “ guacimilla” (Sinaloa).
This, apparently, is the species reported by Sessé and Mocifio*’ as H.
isora L.
2. Helicteres baruensis Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 30. 1760.
Helicteres mollis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 139. 1836.
Guerrero and Yucatén, and doubtless elsewhere. Central America and north-
ern South America; type from Baru Island.
Shrub, 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oval-ovate or elliptic-ovate,
obtuse or acute, cordate at base, pale-tomentose beneath, denticulate; flowers
numerous; calyx about 3 ecm. long; petals red, linear, 4 em. long; fruit 4 to
5 em. long, fulvous-tomentose, the gynophore 8 to 12 cm. long, curved.
This is related to H. jamaicensis Jacq., which is known in Porto Rico as
‘““ecuernecillo,” “‘ huevo de gato,” and “ gato.”
8. Helicteres rekoi Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Pochutla, Oaxaca, altitude 100 meters (Reko 3443; U. S. Nat.
Herb. no. 842527).
Branches slender, minutely stellate-pubescent; petioles slender, 2 to 3 em.
long; leaf blades broadly ovate, elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, 8 to 15 em. long,
acute or abruptly acute, rounded or subcordate at base, dentate, thin, green,
nearly glabrous above, with scattered stellate hairs beneath; calyx 2.5 cm.
long, muricate, minutely stellate-tomentulose, the lobes triangular, 6 to 7 mm.
long; petals oblanceolate, 4 cm. long; fruit about 7 em. long, recurved, the
carpels straight, minutely stellate-tomentulose; gynophore 5.5 to 7 em. long,
glabrous.
5. HERMANNIA L. Sp. Pl. 673. 1753.
Low shrubs or herbs, with stellate pubescence; leaves dentate, the stipules
foliaceous; flowers small, axillary ; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, obovate, persistent ;
stamens 5, connate at base; fruit a luculicidal 5-valvate capsule, the cells often
cristate dorsally.
Calyx large, inflated, nearly covering the capsule________________ 1. H. inflata.
Calyx small and inconspicuous, spreading at the base of the fruit.
Anthers 5 mm. long, nearly sessile; spines on the angles of the capsule 3 to 4
ATEN 2) Loa eA) se ae 2. H. palmeri.
Anthers 2 mm. long, on long filaments; spines of the fruit usually 2 mm. long
or less.
Mowerszsolitary in. the axils: 22. 32220 22 eee eee 3. H. pauciflora.
Miowers*in)axilary \e¢ymegs. 0! . he Re ee ee ee 4, H. texana.
* Pl. Nov. Hisp. 157. 1887.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 799
1. Hermannia inflata Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 55. pl. 28. 1828.
Puebla and Oaxaca.
Shrub 1 to 2 meters high, densely stellate-pubescent throughout; leaves
short-petiolate, rhombic-ovate, 2 to 6 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex,
rounded at base, crenate-dentate; flowers subracemose, short-pedicellate, soli-
tary in the upper axils; petals about 1 cm. long; calyx in fruit 1 cm. long,
purplish ; capsule 10 to 12 mm. long, densely hairy, the angles unarmed.
2. Hermannia palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 67. 1890.
Baja California; type from La Paz.
Plants low, suffrutescent or herbaceous, densely stellate-pubescent and gland-
ular-pubescent ; leaves short-petiolate, 1 to 3 em. long, rhombic-ovate to rounded-
cordate, obtuse or rounded at apex, crenate-dentate; flowers solitary or cymose;
petals yellow, 8 to 10 mm. long; anthers connivent; capsule 12 mm. long, the
spines slender, glochidiate.
3. Hermannia pauciflora S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 368. 1882.
Sonora. Southern Arizona, the type from the Santa Catalina Mountains.
Plants low, herbaceous, or suffrutescent at base, rather thinly stellate-pu-
bescent; leaves slender-petiolate, rhombic-ovate, 1 to 3.5 em. long, obtuse or
rounded at apex, truncate or subcordate at base, dentate; pedicels slender;
petals yellow, 8 mm. long; capsule 8 to 12 mm. long, thinly pubescent, the
marginal spines very short. i
4. Hermannia texana A. Gray, Gen. Fl. Amer. 2: 88. pl. 135. 1849.
Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosi. Western Texas.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, 60 em. high or less, densely stellate-
pubescent; leaves oblong-ovate to rounded, usually rounded at apex, rounded
or subcordate at base, dentate or sinuate-dentate; petals dull red, 8 mm. long;
capsule 10 to 12 mm. long, densely hairy.
6. WALTHERIA L. Sp. Pl. 673. 1753.
REFERENCE: Rose, Synopsis of the North American species of Waltheria,
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 183-185. 1899.
Shrubs or herbs, sometimes small trees, the pubescence mostly stellate;
leaves serrate or dentate; flowers small, glomerate, the glomerules axillary,
sessile or pedunculate; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, persistent in fruit; stamens
5d, the filaments wholly or partially connate; fruit a 1-seeded capsule.
The only other Mexican species of the genus, W. operculata Rose, is an an-
nual plant with broad stipules, the capsule opening by a lid. In the species
listed below the stipules are linear and the capsule is loculicidally dehiscent.
Leaves long-acuminate, acutely dentate, glabrous or nearly so.
1. W. acuminata.
Leaves acute to rounded at apex, crenate or obtusely dentate.
Leaves large, mostly 7 to 15 cm. long, distichous; large shrubs.
Filaments united to the summit leaves broadly ovate______ 2. W. brevipes.
Filaments united only at base; leaves elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong.
3. W. glomerata.
Leaves small, mostly 2 to 7 em. long, not conspicuously if at all distichous;
small shrubs or herbs.
Lobes of the calyx much shorter than the tube.
Petaishmuch exceeding the Calyx 2. Sn ee 2 ee 4. W. preslii.
Petals not exceeding the calyx.
Leaves glabrous beneath in age; flowers in large panicles.
5. W. alamosana.
800 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves pubescent beneath in age; flowers in small dense clusters.
Calyx 4 to 4.5 mm. long; leaves green beneath, thinly stellate-pubes-
Gent. ee iran pie oe fiman aly oc siege) eee 6. W. pringlei.
Calyx 6 mm. long; leaves whitish beneath, densely stellate-tomentu-
los@eu_ gay cw wen lie. bese saat eel pets wb neteshey: 7 W. conzattii.
Lobes of the calyx nearly or quite as long as the tube.
Filaments united to form a tube-_.---+_-----_L--_ 8. W. americana.
Filaments free above.
eaves acutes).petals purple. 2222 3s0__ 22 = eee eee 9. W. hirsuta.
Leaves obtuse or rounded at apex; petals yellow__10. W. acapulcensis.
1. Waltheria acuminata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 183. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Culiacin, Sinaloa.
Slender shrub; leaves ovate-cordate, thin, green, 8 to 12 cm. long, shal-
lowly cordate at base, long-petiolate; flower clusters short-pedunculate; calyx
lobes half as long as the tube; filaments united to above the middle.
2. Waltheria brevipes Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 817: 213. 1858.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca. Costa Rica.
Shrub or small tree, 2.5 to 7.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, acute
or obtuse, subcordate at base, rugose, finely stellate-tomentulose, pale be
neath; flower clusters large, dense, mostly sessile; calyx 6 to 7 mm. long,
the lobes half as long as the tube.
3. Waltheria glomerata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 152. 1836.
Veracruz. Panama (type locality).
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, acute, obtuse or rounded
at base, rugose, finely stellate-pubescent, pale beneath, at least when young,
finely dentate; flower clusters large, sessile; calyx 6 mm. long, the lobes short;
petals white, exserted.
The leaves are said to be used in Panama as a hemostatic.
4. Waltheria preslii Walp. Repert. Bot. 1: 340. 1842.
Waltheria rotundifolia Presi, Rel. Haenk. 2: 151. 1886. Not W. rotundifolia
Schrank, 1828.
Known only from the vicinity of Acapulco, Guerrero, the type locality.
Stems suffrutescent, usually prostrate; leaves broadly ovate or rounded,
long-petiolate, obtuse or rounded at apex, cordate at base, densely stellate-
tomentose; flower clusters mostly pedunculate; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long;
petals yellow.
5. Waltheria alamosana Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Alamos, Sonora (Rose, Standley € Russell 12714; U. S. Nat.
Herb. no. 635525).
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches dark reddish brown, very minutely
and sparsely stellate-pubescent or glabrate; leaves ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long, long-
petiolate, obtuse to acuminate, cordate or subcordate at base, coarsely crenate,
when young minutely stellate-pubescent but soon becoming glabrous; flowers
loosely cymose-paniculate, sessile; calyx cylindric, 6 mm. long, 5-angulate, cos-
tate between the angles, minutely stellate-pubescent, the lobes half as long as
the tube, narrowly triangular, acuminate.
6. Waltheria pringlei Rose & Standl., sp. nov.
Guerrero and Morelos; type from limestone mountains above Iguala, Guerrero,
altitude 1,200 meters (Pringle 8422; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 381847).
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lance-ovate or ovate, 3.5
to 7 cm. long, acute, rounded or subcordate at base, coarsely and obtusely den-
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 801
tate, thin, green, minutely stellate-pubescent; flower clusters dense, mostly
sessile; calyx 4 to 4.5 mm. long, the lobes short, narrowly triangular, acute,
minutely tomentose; petals much shorter than the calyx; filaments free above;
eapsule Icculicidal.
Collected also at Yautepec, Morelos, by Pringle (no. 9691).
7. Waltheria conzattii Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Salina Cruz, Oaxaca, altitude 50 meters (Conzatti 3682; U. S.
Nat. Herb. no. 989568).
Shrub; leaves long-petiolate, rounded-ovate or rhombic-ovate, 3 to 8 cm.
long, obtuse, rounded or shallowly cordate at base, crenate-dentate, thick,
densely velvety-tomentose; flower clusters loose, few-flowered, short-peduncu-
late; calyx 6 mm. long, velutinous-tomentose, the lobes half as long as the tube,
narrowly triangular, acute; petals nearly as long as the calyx; filaments united
for less than half their length.
8. Waltheria americana L. Sp. Pl. 673. 1753.
Waltheria indica L. Sp. Pl. 673. 1753.
Waltheria detonsa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 24. 1853.
Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in the warmer parts of both
hemispheres.
Shrub, sometimes 2.5 meters high, or often herbaceous, frequently decum-
bent; leaves on long or short petioles, oblong to rounded-ovate, obtuse to
rounded at apex, obtuse to subcordate at base, crenate-dentate, usually thick
and densely tomentose, but the pubescence variable in amount and quality;
flower clusters usually dense, sessile or often long-pedunculate; petals yellow,
longer than the calyx. ‘Malva” (Sinaloa); ‘malva del monte” (Yucatan) ;
“hierba del soldado” (Tamaulipas); ‘“‘malva blanca” (Cuba); “basora
prieta,” “‘ malvavisco” (Porto Rico) ; ‘ bret6énica” (Venezuela).
The flowers are sweet-scented. The plant is mucilaginous and emollient, and
febrifuge and antisyphilitic properties have been ascribed to it. In Tamaulipas
a decoction is employed as a remedy for eruptions of the skin, and in Colima
the decoction is used to wash wounds. The plant is said to possess scme forage
value.
9. Waltheria hirsuta Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 152. 1836.
Described from western Mexico.
Leaves ovate-cordate, acute, obtusely dentate, whitish-tomentose beneath,
about 3.5 em. long; flower clusters, long-pedunculate; petals exserted.
No material referable to this species has been seen by the writer.
10. Waltheria acapulcensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 184. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Leaves slender-petiolate, oblong or oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 6 em. long, rounded
or cordate at base, green, stellate-pubescent; flower clusters small, mostly
pedunculate; calyx 3 to 4 mm. long; petals yellow, exserted.
7. PHYSODIUM Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 150. 1836.
Shrubs or small trees; flowers cymose-paniculate, terminal; calyx campanu-
late, 5-dentate, 5-angulate, accrescent, inflated, reticulate-veined; petals 5;
stamen column dividing above into 5 short filaments; capsule small, stipitate,
included in the calyx, luculicidally 5-valvate, the cells 1-seeded.
Pubescence not glandular; petals exserted from the calyx________ 1. P. dubium.
Pubescence of the inflorescence chiefly of gland-tipped hairs; petals included.
2. P. corymbosum.
7808—23——_19
802 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Physodium dubium Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 4. 1878.
Morelos, Guerrero, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type collected between Acatlin and
Chila, Puebla.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, broadly
ovate or ovate-cordate, 5 to 12 cm. long, acute to cuspidate-acuminate, sub-
cordate and oblique at base, serrulate, densely stellate-pubescent, green; calyx
in fruit 1.5 to 2 cm. long, pale red or purple; petals pale blue; capsule about
6 mm. long.
The calyx in this and the following species is similar to that of the genus
Physalis. In its form and coloration it suggests also the showy bracts of the
genus Bougainvillea.
2. Physodium corymbosum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 150. pl. 72. 1836.
Jalisco, Colima, and Guerrero.
Shrub, 3 meters high; leaves similar to those of P. dubiwm, but less pubes-
cent; calyx in fruit 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, purple, the lobes obtuse or acute;
petals oblanceolate, much shorter than the calyx; capsule 6 mm. long.
2a. Physcdium corymbosum acuminatum Kose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 309.
1895.
Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Michoacén; type from Jalisco.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4 meters high, with gray bark; leaves like those
of the species; calyx in fruit 3 to 4 cm. long, yellowish or purple, the lobes
acuminate. ‘“ Rechinador” (Sinaloa).
The form of the calyx is decided different from that of typical P. corym-
bosum, but there appear to be intermediate forms, and no other distinctive
character is apparent.
8. MELOCHIA L. Sp. Pl. 774. 1753.
Shrubs or herbs, the pubescence of simple or stellate hairs; leaves dentate ;
flowers mostly small, cymose or in dense axillary glomerules; calyx 5-lobate;
petals 5, spatulate, persistent; stamens 5, connate at the base or higher;
eapsule 5-celled, loculicidally 5-valvate, the cells 1-seeded, the carpels easily
separating, sometimes indehiscent.
Capsule pyramidal.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so, green; capsule glabrous or glabrate, very short-
SS BL Ce ee ee = Se eS See eee ee ee a 1. M. pyramidata.
Leaves densely stellate-tomentose, usually whitish beneath; capsule densely
pubescent, on a comparatively long stipe____--____-_____ 2. M. tomentosa.
Capsule depressed-globose.
Flowers all or mostly on long pedicels, the pedicels glabrous except for a
few weak gland-tipped hairs.
Carpels of the fruit splitting along the back from apex to base; bractlets
present at the base of the calyx and exceeding it in length.
3. M. glandulifera.
Carpels splitting along the back from the apex halfway to the base; bract-
LetSEnNOne iat sDASe; OF ;Calyxe= = See ee ee 4, M. interrupta.
Flowers sessile or nearly so, densely glomerate in the leaf axils; gland-
tipped hairs absent, or mixed with stellate ones.
Bracts of the inflorescence linear-subulate, green________-_- 5. M. hirsuta.
Bracts lanceolate or broader, dry, brown.
Stamens shorter than the styles.
Leaves glabrous beneath or with scattered appressed hairs; inflores-
cence without viscid pubescence________________ 6. M. nodiflora.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 803
Leaves densely pubescent beneath with minute spreading hairs; in-
florescence viscid-pubescent___________________ 7. M. tragiaefolia.
Stamens longer than the styles.
Lower surface of leaves covered with rather long, appressed hairs, or
rarely elaprate oes ee te soso. NE urtieaetolia.
Lower surface of leaves covered with minute spreading hairs.
9. M. tomentella.
1. “Melochia pyramidata L. Sp. Pl. 774. 1753.
Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in the warmer portions of
both hemispheres.
Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, or often herbaceous; leaves slender-petio-
late, oblong to rounded-ovate, acute or obtuse, rounded at base, serrate, green,
often glabrous but frequently sparsely pubescent; flowers in axillary corymbs,
mostly pedicellate; petals violet, about 7 mm. long; capsule 5 to 6 mm. long and
somewhat broader, the lobes broadened at the base, acute and spreading.
“Suponite” (Oaxaca); “malva comfin,”’ “ malva cimarrona” (Cuba); “ bre-
ténica”’ (Porto Rico).
The plant is eaten by stock.
2. Melochia tomentosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1140. 1759.
Melochia plicata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 145. 1836.
Melochia speciosa S. Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 24: 42. 1889.
Melochia arida Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 321. 1905.
’ Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in the warmer parts of the
Western Hemisphere.
Shrub, 0.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves on long or short petioles, oblong to
broadly rhombic-ovate, rounded to acutish at apex, rounded or subcordate at
base, crenate or dentate, thick, usually densely and finely tomentose on both
surfaces; flowers in loose cymes, mostly pedicellate; petals pink to violet, 8 to
18 mm. long; fruit 7 to 9 mm. long, long-beaked, the lobes rounded to acutish
below. “ Malvavisco” (Porto Rico); ‘ bretdénica’” (Porto Rico, Venezuela) ;
“malva,” “ varita de San José” (Nicaragua).
The plants vary considerably in size of flowers and leaves, in density of
pubescence, and in form of the fruit, but none of the proposed segregates seem
worthy of recognition. M. arida is a small-leaved form of dry regions. M. spe-
ciosa is a form with unsually large flowers and rather scant pubescence. Wat-
son compared the latter, in his original description, with 4. pyramidata, from
which, of course, it is amply distinct. To the present writer it seems not
improbable that M. pyramidata and M. tomentosa may at times bybridize.
3. Melochia glandulifera Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Tonalé, Chiapas (Purpus 6925; U. S. Nat. Herb. 567212).
Branches slender, sparsely furnished with short weak simple gland-tipped
hairs; leaves slender-petiolate, deltoid-lanceolate or lance-ovate, acute or acu-
minate, rounded at base, serrate-dentate, thin, glabrous beneath, with a few
scattered hairs above; flowers in lateral cymes, mostly long-pedicellate, the
bractlets linear, ciliate, more than twice as long as the calyx; calyx lobes
shorter than the tube, cuspidate-acuminate; petals purple, 5 mm. long; fruit
subglobose, 4.5 mm. in diameter, setulose-hirtellous and also with slender
gland-tipped hairs.
4. Melochia interrupta (Schlecht.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 131. 1879.
Riedlea interrupta Schlecht. Linnaea 11: 875. 1837.
Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna.
804 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Plants about 1 meter high, sometimes wholly herbaceous, the stems hirsute
and glandular-pilose; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly lanceolate to broadly
ovate, acute or acuminate, serrate, thinly pilose or glabrate; inflorescence chiefly
terminal, open; petals 6 mm. long; fruit 5 mm. in diameter.
5. Melochia hirsuta Cav. Monad. Diss. 323. pl. 175. f. 1. 1788.
Riedlea serrata Vent. Choix Pl. Cels pl. 37. 1803.
Melochia serrata St. Hil. & Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 18: 36. 1842. .
? Riedlea jurgensenii Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31*: 211. 1858.
Riedlea heterotricha Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moseou 817: 211. 1858.
Jalisco to Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies, Central America, and South
America.
Low shrub or herb; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to rhombic-ovate, 2 to 7
cm. long, rounded to acuminate at apex, rounded or cordate at base, serrate,
green, pilose or glabrate; flowers in dense sesile clusters, these usually forming
a terminal spike; bracts hirsute; petals purple, 8 to 12 mm. long. ‘ Raiz de
toro” (Costa Rica) ; “ estancadera ” (Colombia) ; “ breténica” (Porto Rico) ;
“ malva mora” (Cuba).
6. Melochia nodiflora Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 97. 1788.
Guerrero to Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies and Central America.
Slender shrub, sometimes 2 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, mostly
ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, serrate, thin, green,
usually glabrous or nearly so; flowers mostly in dense axillary glomerules;
petals pink or purple. ‘ Malva colorada” (Cuba) ; “‘mozote de monte” (Nicara-
gua); “bretdnica,” ‘“ breténica prieta’”’ (Porto Rico).
7. Melochia tragiaefolia Standl., sp. nov.
Type from La Salada, Michoacin (Nelson 6927; U. S. Nat. Herb. 399266).
Branches red-brown, glandular-pilose when young; leaves slender-petiolate,
ovate-cordate, acute or acuminate, 4 to 5.5 cm. long, coarsely dentate, thin,
green, minutely velutinous-pilosulous on both surfaces; bracts ovate, brown;
calyx densely glandular-pubescent, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, about
as long as the tube; petals 6 mm. long; fruit glandular-pubescent, the 5 carpels
easily separating, tardily dehiscent.
8. Melochia urticaefolia (Turez.) Standl.
Riedlea urticaefolia Turcz. Bull. Soe. Nat. Moscou 317: 209. 1838.
Jalisco to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca.
Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate to
broadly ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, dentate, thin,
green, sparsely appressed-pilose on the upper surface or glabrate; petals purple,
7 to 10 mm. long.
It is doubtful whether the name wrticaefolia really belongs to this plant, or
whether it is not rather a synonym of M. nodifiora. In the latter case the pres-
ent plant appears to be without a name, unless it may be M. corymbosa (DC.)
Hemsl.
9. Melochia tomentella (Presl) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 132. 1879.
Riedlea tomentella Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 148. 1836.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Slender shrub; leaves mostly short-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, long-acuminate,
rounded or subcordate at base, coarsely dentate, thin, green; flowers all in
dense axillary glomerules; petals 5 to 8 mm. long. ‘“ Malva de los cerros”
(Sinaloa).
The plant is said to yield a good quality of fiber.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXILO. 805
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
MELOCHIA CORYMBOSA (DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 130. 1879.
Riedlea corymbosa DC. Prodr. 1: 491. 1824. Described from Mexico.
MELOCHIA SCUTELLARIOIDES (Turcz.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 181.
1879. Riedlea scutellarioides Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosecou 817: 210. 1858.
Type from Mirador, Veracruz.
MELOCHIA TENELLA (Turcz.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 132. 1879.
Riedlea tenella Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 317: 212. 1858. Type from Sierra
San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca. Probably a synonym of M. hirsuta.
9. THEOBROMA L. Sp. Pl. 782. 1753.
Trees; leaves large, entire, pinnate-nerved, or 3 or 5-nerved at base; flowers
small, in axillary or lateral clusters, often along the trunk; calyx 5-lobate;
petals 5, clawed, cucullate at base, produced above into a spatulate blade;
calyx tube 5-lobate, the anthers 2 or 3 in each sinus; fruit large, sessile, fleshy,
5-celled, the seeds surrounded by pulp.
Leaves green beneath, glabrous or nearly so____________-_-_-__ 1. T. cacao.
Leaves minutely whitish-tomentulose beneath.
Leaves obtuse at base; petals longer than the calyx____2. T. angustifolium.
Leaves deeply or shallowly cordate at base; petals shorter than the calyx.
3. T. bicolor.
1. Theobroma cacao L. Sp. Pl. 782. 1753.
In forests from Colima to Chiapas and Tabasco, and cultivated extensively
in the warmer parts of Mexico. Central America; cultivated in the Tropics
of both hemispheres.
Small evergreen tree, 6 to 8 meters high, or sometimes larger, with spreading
branches, the lateral branches in clusters of 5, rarely 4 or 6, the young shoots
hirsute or hirtellous; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-oblong or obovate-oblong,
15 to 80 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at base, abruptly acuminate at apex,
thick; inflorescences small, fleshy, borne along the trunk and main branches;
flowers long-pedicellate, the calyx pink, its lobes lance-acuminate, 6 to 7 mm.
long; petals yellowish; fruit 30 cm. long and 10 cm. thick or smaller,
elliptic-ovoid, with a thick fleshy rind, longitudinally ridged and furrowed, red,
yellow, purplish, or brown, each cell containing 5 to 12 large, brown or purple
seeds embedded in white or pinkish, acid pulp.
The word “cacao” is the name of the plant and of the crude product from it.
Cocoa and chocolate are manufactured products obtained from the seeds.
The word ‘“ cacao ”’ is derived from the Nahuatl “ eacahuatl” (written also caca-
hoatl), a term which in modern Mexican has been corrupted into “ cacahuate,”
the name applied to the peanut, the application evidently because of the
resemblance of the peanut to cacao fruit. The Nahuatl name for the cacao
tree is ‘“ cacahuacuahuitl,” which has been written also as “ cacaotlquahuitl,”
“ cacauquauitl,” and in various other ways. The following additional names
are reported from Mexico: “ Bizoya,” “yagabizoya”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ;
“déqhy’”’ (Otomi, Buelna); “caocauatzaua” (Zoque, Gonzales); “kako”
(Mixe) ; “cahequa” (Tarasean, Ledn) ; “ chudechu” (Otomi!).
Of all the numerous vegetable productions of the New World, and especially
of Mexico, none is more celebrated than the product of the cacao plant, which
attained high favor in Europe immediately after the Conquest. Oviedo, who
describes the plant at great length, states that it was not found in the West
Indies, but only on the continent, especially in Mexico, and he terms it “the
most precious tree of the Indians and the most highly esteemed.”
806 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Cacao in its wild state was well known to the early inhabitants of Mexico,
and it was also cultivated, although to what extent is uncertain. The use of
the drink made from the seeds was confined chiefly to the higher classes, but
the use of the seeds aS money was a matter of importance to all classes, for
eacao seeds were the basis of the Mexican financial system. They are still
used locally in Mexico as a substitute for small coins. Jourdanet, in his
translation of Sahagtn,* gives the following account of the use of cacao as
currency: ‘It would be idle to call attention to this plant, whose fruit is so
widely used to-day, if it were not of interest to recall the fact that cacao was
unknown in Hurope before the discovery of America. The Mexicans at the
time of the Conquest made much use of it, in various forms, none of which
was the equivalent of our chocolate. This precious fruit was besides, for the
richest among them, a means of treasuring their wealth, and a medium of
exchange, which facilitated commerce as does our money. This custom was
even extended after the Conquest in certain parts of the country, so long, in
fact, that I myself observed in Yucatan, before 1850, that cacao seeds were
used in place of copper coins.
“Tt would be very difficult to determine what was the value set upon the
cacao employed as money in ancient Mexico. * * * However, in the part
of the country where cacao has continued in use as currency up to the present
time, its value in ordinary market transactions is not the same as that assigned
to it when it is sold at wholesale as a food. The cacao seed, as money, keeps
a conventional value which, as a rule, is much greater than its market price.
That is to say, its usage in this sense is limited to transactions of little im-
portance, as a means of making small change, in the Provinces where copper
coins are not in circulation.
“To return to ancient times, we may take the judicious and always reliable
accounts of M. Garcia Icazbaleeta, and state that, ‘in accordance with the
numeral system of the Mexicans, the base for counting cacao seeds was the
number 20. Thus, 400 seeds (20X20) formed a tzontli. We know that tzontl
in the Nahuatl language means four hundred. Even to-day it is the custom in
the City of Mexico to sell fire-wood by tzontles of 400 sticks. Twenty tzontlis,
that is 8,000, made a wziquipilli, and three gviquipilli a load, which therefore
consisted of 24,000 seeds. Since this system of accounting was clumsy and could
result in abuses, it was forbidden by an official order of January 28, 1527.
It was forbidden to sell cacao by count of the seeds, and ordered that the sale
should take place by full measure, guaranteed by the municipal seal. Later,
by an order of October 24, 1536, it was decreed, on the contrary, that the seeds
should be counted for sale, and that no other method should be followed.’
“We have stated above that the Mexican nobles used cacao as a means of
hoarding their fortunes. The twofold use made of it, as food and as money,
caused it to rank as a basic element of wealth. The districts which produced
cacao paid it as tribute to the rulers, in vast quantities. Torquemada states
that in the palace of the famous King of Tetzcuco, Netzahualcoyotl, there was
expended every year 2,744,000 fanegas of cacao (the fanega is the equivalent
of about 40 kilograms). That is scarcely credible, although this author assures
us that he had seen the book of accounts approved by a grandson of the King.
Both Torquemada and the chronicler Herrera report that the Indian auxiliaries
of Cortés pillaged a cacao granary belonging to Monteuhcoma, where they
found more than 4,000 loads. The seeds were stored in osier baskets so large
that six men taking hold of hands could not span them. The amount carried
away was 600 loads, for which it was necessary to empty only six baskets.
1 Histoire générale des choses de la Nouvelle-Hspagne, p. 866. 1880.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 807
“Tt would be difficult to give an exact idea of the extent and character
of the lands employed to advantage by the ancient Mexicans for the culture
of cacao. It is certain that the chief places of production were to the south
of the country, bordering on Guatemala. It is there that this precious plant
is still cultivated, and to-day as in former times it is the district of Soconusco
which gives the product of best quality.”
Oviedo states that those persons who had cacao trees growing upon their
lands were considered rich. “In the province of Nicaragua,” he relates,
“a rabbit is worth 10 seeds, and for four you can buy eight nisperos; a slave
is worth a hundred, more or less. * * * Hyven with these seeds there are
ways of cheating, such as putting false or empty shells among a quantity of
them. These spurious ones are prepared by separating the shell and filling it
with earth or some other substance, then the shell is closed so carefully that
the substitution is not perceptible. He who receives them, when he counts
them, touches them one by one with the forefinger, and no matter how well
the counterfeit has been performed, it is detected by the touch.” Acosta men-
tions the fact that cacao seeds were given as alms to the poor. Bernal Diaz
del Castillo relates how upon his return to Mexico after his long journey
back from Guatemala, Cortés “‘ sent us presents of necessaries, likewise gold
and cacao for our expenses.”
Theobroma cacao is the principal source of the chocolate and cocoa of com-
merce, but other species also are planted, some of them extensively. Cacao
is grown commercially in Mexico, especially in Chiapas and Tabasco. At an
early date it was introduced into the Canaries and Philippines, and now
it is grown extensively in many parts of the Old World tropics. Numerous
minor varieties, differing in the form of the fruit, are known. The quality
of the product varies greatly in different countries. The young trees must be
grown under shade. Chocolate is the term applied to sweetened prepara-
tions of the roasted and ground cacao seeds, with a large proportion of the
original fat retained. Cocoa is prepared in the same way, but most of the
fat is removed from it.
The original inhabitants of Mexico sometimes ate the seeds either green
or dry, but the seeds were used chiefiy for the preparation of a drink known
as “ xocoatl,” this being the term from which the word chocolate is obtained.
The word zocoatl signifies “sour water,’ the unsweetened decoction of the
seeds being unpleasantly bitter. The drink as prepared by the Mexicans was
different from the chocolate as now usually prepared. It consisted of a strong
decoction of the seeds, flavored with chile, maize, honey, ceiba seeds, and many
other substances, and the beverage was beaten into a foam which dissolved
almost imperceptibly upon the tongue. It was often colored with Biza orellana.
It was the favorite drink of the Mexican nobility, who consumed immense
quantities of it. It was a favorite also of the emperor, for whom almost
incredible quantities were prepared every day. A drink still much used in
some parts of Mexico is “chilate’” (in Nahuatl chilatl, chile-water, or chil-
cacohuatl), which is made from cacao, chile, and water. Similar drinks are
prepared also by the addition of other substances.
Chocolate was one of the first Mexican products to come to the notice of
the Spanish invaders of Mexico, all of whom were enthusiastic in its praises.
Cortés mentions it in his letters to the King of Spain. After the Conquest
it was an esteemed drink among the Spanish settlers, and it is related that
in Chiapas the ladies had it brought to them even in the churches, until the
bishop forbade the servants who brought it to enter the church buildings.
Acosta is a unique exception to the Spanish proponents of chocolate. He Says:
808 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
“They esteem it highly in this country, foolishly and for no good reason, for
it injures the hearts of those who are not accustomed to it, and there is a
froth on top of it which is very unpleasant if one is not accustomed to
it. * * * Those who are not accustomed to it from childhood care little
for it.’ Acosta, however, found little to praise in the New World.
Cacao seeds contain 45 to 50 per cent of oil, or cacao butter, which is much
used in pharmiucy for making ointments. They also contain an alkaloid,
theobromine. The oil was used by the inhabitants of Mexico for treating
wounds, and the beverage made from the seeds was considered beneficial to
the health. Oviedo reports a belief that if a person drank chocolate for
breakfast, the bite of a poisonous serpent would not be fatal to him.
Cacao is illustrated and described at length by Hernindez.*
2. Theobroma angustifolium DC. Prodr. 1: 484. 1824.
Chiapas and Tabasco, and perhaps elsewhere. Central America.
Small tree with spreading crown, the bark smooth; leaves oblong or oblong-
oblanceolate, 18 to 25 em. long, abruptly acuminate, somewhat oblique at base,
green above, glabrous or nearly so, whitish beneath; flowers yellow, borne
on the young branches, the clusters few-flowered; petals about 1 em. long;
fruit oval, dark chestnut or cinnamon-brown, smaller than in J. cacao.
“Cushta”’ (El Salvador); “ cacao de mico,” “ cacao silvestre” (Costa Rica).
This species is one of the important cacao plants of Mexico, and the notes
given above under 7’. cacao apply in large part to it also. In Chiapas Theo-
broma angustifolium is the species generally grown. The region of Soconusco
has long been famous for its chocolate, derived from this species, and for
many years the supply for the royal family of Spain was brought from
Soconusco.
8. Theobroma bicolor Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 104. pl. 30. 1808.
Theobroma ovatifolia DC. Prodr. 1: 485. 1824.
Tribroma bicolor Cook, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 5: 288. 1915.
Chiapas and Tabasco, and perhaps elsewhere. Central America and north-
ern South America; type from Colombia.
Slender tree, the upright shoots each ending in a cluster of 3 lateral branches;
leaves dimorphous, those of the upright shoots rounded-cordate, very large
(sometimes 50 cm. long), long-petiolate, deeply cordate at base; leaves of
lateral branches short-petiolate, oblong-ovate, 15 to 30 cm. long, ab-
ruptly short-pointed, shallowly cordate at base, green and nearly glabrous
above, whitish beneath; flowers borne on the young branches, in loose panicles,
reddish purple; fruit ellipsoid, about 15 cm. long, ribbed and irregularly netted,
dark, with a thick woody shell, the pulp white.” “Cacao blanco,” “ pataste”’
(Chiapas) ; “ patatle’”’ (Tabasco) ; ‘ pataxte” (Tabasco, Guatemala) ; “‘ bacao ”
(Colombia) ; “ pataste,” “ pataiste,” ‘‘ cacao silvestre,” ‘‘teta negra” (Costa
Rica).
This plant is cultivated in some parts of tropical America, and the seeds are
used like those of 7. cacao. Their product is variously known in commerce as
“tiger,” “wariba,” or ‘ patashte’”’ cacao. The seeds are used locally for the
preparation of sweetmeats.
* Thesaurus 79-81. 1651.
* For a full account of this species see O. F. Cook, Branching and flowering
habits of cacao and patashte, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 609-625. pl. 44-54. 1916.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 809
10. GUAZUMA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 382. 1763.
1. Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. Encyel. 3: 52. 1789.
Theobroma guazuma Ll. Sp. Pl. 782. 17538.
Guazuma polybotrya Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 51. pl. 299. 1794.
Guazuma tomentosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 320. 1821.
Guazuma guazuma Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 19: 95. 1892.
Nearly throughout Mexico except Baja California. Widely distributed in
tropical America.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 20 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to broadly
ovate, 4 to 16 cm. long, acute to long-acuminate, rounded to deeply cordate and
usually very oblique at base, serrulate, green and glabrate, or more commonly
stellate-tomentose, at least beneath; flowers small, yellowish green or whitish,
sweet-scented, in axillary cymes; calyx 2 or 3-parted, stellate-tomentose; petals
5, about 3 mm. long, cucullate; short-clawed, produced above into a bifid ligule;
fruit a globose or oval, woody capsule, 2 to 4 cm. long, densely tuberculate, im-
perfectly 5-valvate at apex; seeds numerous in each cell. ‘‘Tablote” (Mich-
oacin, Guerrero); “ cuaulote” or “cuahulote” (Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas;
from the Nahuatl, cuau-olotl) ; “ pixoi” or “ pixoy” (Yucatan, Maya) ; “ palote
negro” (Chiapas) ; ‘“ majahua de toro” (Sinaloa); ‘‘ guaicima” or “ gufcimo ”
(Sinaloa, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Jalisco, Veracuz, Colima, Oaxaca, Durango,
Porto Rico, Santo Domingo, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela; a Carib name,
often written incorrectly as “ guésima” or guézima”); “ aquiche” (Tamauli-
pas, E’scontria) ; “ vacima’” (Michoacin, Leén) ; “ yaco granadillo” (Oaxaca,
Reko) ; “bulines ” (Nueva Farm. Mez.) ; “ guicima boba” (Cuba) ; “ caulote”’
(Guatemala); ‘‘guécimo colorado” (Colombia); ‘‘eablote” (Guatemala.
Honduras) ; “ guacimo macho” (Venezuela) ; “ guacimillo” (Nicaragua). The
name ‘“ guayacin’”’ has been reported as in use in Mexico for this species, but
the report is probably incorrect.
The trunk is often 30 to 40 cm. in diameter, and is covered with rough or
smooth, gray or blackish bark. The wood is light, fibrous and coarse-grained,
grayish, slightly tinged with red or pink, with a specific gravity of 0.552 to
0.580. It is rather strong and resistant, and has been employed for ribs of
small boats, shoe lasts, barrel staves, house furniture, paneling, firewood, and
other purposes, and as a source of charcoal for gunpowder. The young stems
yield a strong fiber, suitable for making rope. The juice has been employed
to clarify syrup in the manufacture of sugar. Silkworms have been fed on
the leaves and stock browse upon the leaves and young shoots.
The fruit is green at first but black at maturity. When fresh it is rather
fleshy or pulpy and mucilaginous, and has a pleasant, sweet flavor. It is
sometimes eaten by people, especially in times of scarcity, either raw or
cooked. Sometimes, when dry, it is ground and then cooked. Pigs are said
to be fond of it. The flowers are said to furnish a good quality of honey.
The plant is much employed in domestic medicine. The bark and other parts
are administered for malaria, cutaneous and syphilitic affections, elephantiasis,
diseases of the chest, leprosy, and other diseases. The plant has emollient and
astringent properties.
Oviedo (Lib. VIII, Cap. VII) gives the following account of the tree: “The
Guacuma is a large tree that bears fruit like mulberries, and the leaves are
like those of the mulberry-tree, but smaller. From the fruit the Indians make
a beverage on which they fatten like pigs; for this they mash the fruit and
put it in water, and after using it for a few days the Indians appear fat, and
likewise horses, if they will drink it, for other animals do not like it. The
wood of this tree is very light, and of it the Indians of Tierra-Firme make their
810 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
carrying-sticks. This tree is common in all the Indies; I say common, for it is
found in these islands and in Tierra-Firme, and it is one of the best trees
for wood that can be found, and excellent for making powder; this I have tried
in making ammunition for the fortress of the city of Santo Domingo; and
experienced powder makers say that no other wood is so good for making
the best powder, not even German willow or filbert branches.”
The tree is illustrated by Hernindez* under the names of “ quaucholotl”
and “ guécimo.”
11. NEPHROPETALUM Robins. & Greenm. Bot. Gaz. 22: 168. 1856.
A single species is known.
1. Nephropetalum pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Bot. Gaz. 22: 168. 1896.
Known only from the Rio Grande Valley at Hidalgo, Texas, but certainly to
be expected in Tamaulipas.
Low shrub, the stems cinereous-tomentulose, becoming glabrate; leaves
petiolate, ovate, 9 to 13 em. long, obtusely acuminate, deeply cordate at base,
crenate-dentate, finely stellate-pubescent above, paler and tomentulose beneath ;
flowers greenish, 2 mm. broad, in 2 or 3-flowered axillary umbelliform cymes;
calyx 5-parted; petals clawed, the blade free at apex, not appendaged; capsule
sessile, globose, 5-celled, muricate, the cells 1-seeded.
12. AYENIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1247. 1759.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves serrate or dentate; flowers small, long-pedicellate,
axillary, fasciculate or in cymes or umbels; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, long-
clawed, cucullate, the apex inflexed, adnate to the stamen tube, often with a
dorsal gland; anthers 2 or 3-celled, solitary in the sinuses of the stamen tube;
fruit a 5-celled capsule, separating into 5 1-seeded carpels, these bivalvate.
Fruit and ovary long-stipitate, the stipe slender, in fruit 2 to 3 mm. long or
sometimes longer; calyx lobes not reflexed.
Calyx 6 to 8 mm. long; leaves whitish-tomentose beneath_____-_ 1. A. ovata.
Calyx 2 to 4 mm. long; leaves never whitish-tomentose.
Capsule not muricate, glandular or covered with very short blunt tubercles.
eaves narrowly lanceolate = = 2s ee ee 2. A. manzanilloana.
heaves ovate. orm broadly ovate. 2-2 )—— See 3. A. wrightii.
Capsule sharply muricate.
Blade of petals sagittate at base.__~-_.--~-_______:-— 4. A. rotundifolia.
Blade of petals not sagittate at base_________-________+__5. A. pusilla.
Fruit and ovary neary sessile, the stipe stout, in fruit less than 1.5 mm. long.
leaves glabrous, beneath or neatly SoO.---=— se s 6. A. glabra.
Leaves densely stellate-pubescent beneath or tomentose.
Leaves small, 2 em. long or less, rounded or obtuse at apex.
Leaves orbicular or rounded-obvoate, broadest at or above the middle.
7. A. fruticosa.
Leaves ovate or rhombic-ovate, broadest near the base.
8. A. microphylla.
Leaves large, mostly 5 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate.
Lower surface of the leaves covered with a fine close minute pale
tomentum.
Sepals yd, mam, VOM oie. 2 a a ee es 9. A. paniculata.
Sepals:2ito,.2. 5mm: long. 22s ee eee 10. A. magna.
*Thesaurus 401. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. $11
Lower surface of leaves stellate-tomentose, the hairs loose and spreading.
Sepals) 5 tona¢ mimi. lon gases es ee Sh el 11. A. berlandieri.
Sepals 2.5 to 3 mm. long.
Upper leaves long-petiolate; leaves conspicuously cordate at base.
10. A. magna.
Upper leaves nearly sessile; leaves rounded or subcordate at base.
Sepa seeree ne S264 ne ee ee he ka ee 12. A. palmeri,
Sepals*DLOwWN-DUTple= == 2 ee oe 13. A. jaliscana.
1. Ayenia ovata Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 4. 1878.
Ayenia mollis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 385. 1909.
Hidalgo and Puebla; type from Zimapén, Hidalgo.
Shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, broadly ovate, acute, cordate at base, den-
tate, densely tomentose, 2.5 to 5 em. long; flowers solitary or in pedunculate
umbels, long-pedicellate;. fruit about 1 cm. in diameter, covered with very
long filiform hairy appendages.
2. Ayenia manzanilloana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 309. 1895.
Kknown only from the type locality, Manzanillo, Colima.
Leaves short-petiolate, 2 to 5 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded at base,
serrate, green, glabrate; fruit 5 mm. in diameter, glabrate, covered with
brown glands.
38. Ayenia wrightii Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 16: 340, 1891.
Ayenia compacta Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 821. 1905.
Ayenia peninsularis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 368. 1917.
Baja California and Sinaloa; type from head of Mazatlan River, Sinaloa.
Plants 30 to 60 cm. high, suffrutescent, slender, the branches pubescent;
leaves slender-petiolate, 1 to 5 em. long, acute or obtuse, finely pubescent or
glabrate, serrate-dentate; fruit about 5 mm. in diameter.
4. Ayenia rotundifolia Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 4. 1878.
Known only from the type locality, Zimapan, Hidalgo.
Leaves s!ender-petiolate, ovate-rounded, 1 to 2.5 cm. wide, obtuse or retuse,
sometimes cordate at base, crenate-dentate, soft-pubescent; sepals about 4 mm.
long.
5. Ayenia pusilla L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1247. 1759.
Ayenia filiformis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 42. 1889.
Ayenia dentata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 56. 1914.
? Ayenia reflera T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 369. 1917.
Ayenia cuneata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 369. 1917.
Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in the warmer parts of the
Western Hemisphere.
Plants slender, essentially annuai but often becoming suffrutescent; leaves
very variable in form, lanceolate to suboricular, 1 to 5 cm. long, rounded to
acuminate at apex, obtuse to cordate at base, dentate, pubescent or glabrous;
fruit 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, pubescent or glabrate, covered with long or short
spinelike processes.
The Mexican plants exhibit great variation in the shape and pubescence of
the leaves, but the West Indian specimens are rather uniform. None of the
segregates which have been described seem clearly differentiated from the
mass of material from the West Indies and the southern United States gen-
erally referred to A. pusilla, and it has not appeared practicable to recognize
any of them. The glands of the petals are so variable in size and form that
they do not furnish a satisfactory basis for specific segregation.
812 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Ayenia glabra S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 399. 1887.
Aycnia truncata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 94. 1891.
Sonora and Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Slender shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, lance-ovate to
broadly ovate, 3.5 to 9 em. long, acute to long-acuminate, subcordate at base,
dentate; sepals green or purple-brown; capsule 8 mm. long, short-muricate.
7. Ayenia fruticosa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 95. 1899.
Puebla; type from Tehuacéin; probably also in Oaxaca.
Slender shrub; leaves short-petiolate, dentate, green above, densely and
very finely whitish-tomentulose beneath; fruit 8 mm. in diameter, pubescent,
muricate.
8. Ayenia microphylla A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 24. 1852.
Chihuahua and Coahuila. Western Texas and southern Arizona; type from
EI] Paso.
Small, densely branched shrub, usually 30 cm. high or less; leaves short-
petiolate, dentate, closely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces; capsule sparsely
tuberculate.
9. Ayenia paniculata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 94. 1891.
Known only from the type locality, Alamos, Sonora.
Shrub, about 60 em. high; leaves long-petioled, rounded-ovate, 6 to 7 cm. long,
acute or acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, dentate, sometimes obscurely
trilobate, green above, whitish beneath; flowers in a nearly naked, thyrsiform
panicle; capsule 8 to 10 mm. in diameter, minutely stellate-tomentulose, tuber-
culate.
10. Ayenia magna L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1247. 1759.
Ayenia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 328. 1920.
Veracruz and Yucatén. Jamaica and northern South America; type from
Caracas, Venezuela.
Shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high; leaves cordate, acute or acuminate, dentate,
often pale beneath; capsule 6 to 9 mm. in diameter, strongly muricate.
11. Ayenia berlandieri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 419. 1886.
Tamaulipas to Jalisco, Guerrero, and Morelos; type from Santander, Tamau-
lipas.
Plants suffrutescent, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate, acumi-
nate, rounded or subcordate at base, denticulate, 3 to 7-nerved at base; sepals
purple-brown, long-acuminate; capsule about 8 mm. in diameter, muricate.
12. Ayenia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 419. 1886.
Known only from the type locality, Hacienda San Miguel, southwestern
Chihuahua.
Shrub, about 1.5 meters high; leaves broadly ovate, short-petiolate, 4 to 6
em. long, acute or acuminate, serrate; fruit 7 mm. in diameter, stellate-tomen-
tulose, muricate.
13. Ayenia jaliscana S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 133. 1891.
Ayenia nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 321. 1905.
Chihuahua to Jalisco and Chiapas; type from southwestern Chihuahua.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 9 cm. long, acuminate,
serrate-dentate; capsule 7 to 9 mm. broad, short-muricate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 813
DOUBTFUL ‘SPECIES.
AYENIA CORDIFOLIA DC. Prodr. 1: 488. 1824. Described from Mexico.
AYENIA MEXICANA Turcz. Bull. Soe. Nat. Moscou 36+: 569. 1863. Cybiostigma
sidaefolium Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 18527: 156. 1852; Ayenia sidaefolia
Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 135. 1879, not A. sidaefolia DC. 1824.
AYENIA YUCATANENSIS Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 1: 379. 1898. Type from
Buenavista Xbac, Yucatan.
13. BUETTNERIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 939. 1759.
Scandent or procumbent shrubs, often armed with prickles; flowers small,
pedicellate, mostly in lateral umbels or cymes; calyx 5-lobate; petals 5, cucul-
late, clawed, the limb bilobate, inflexed at apex, produced dorsally into a long
ligule; anthers solitary in the sinuses of the stamen tube; fruit a 5-celled cap-
sule, covered with long spines, the carpels easily separating, bivalvate, 1-seeded.
Siems armed with- recurved =prickles==) 3 2 ee ee 1. B. aculeata.
Stems unarmed.
CAV ECSTEMGLECH = = een tie nae ee ee anes _MARNIS “AM AIEL 8 SEE 2. B. catalpifolia.
EVES CTT Cea Cees eee ato EE ens een leg TG 3. B. salicifolia.
1. Buettneria aculeata Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 76. 17638.
Chaetaea aculeata Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 17. 1760.
Buettneria carthagenensis Jacq. Stirp. Amer. Pict. 41. 1780.
Buettneria lanceolata DC. Prodr. 1: 487. 1824.
Buettneria tiliaefolia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 144. 1836.
Buetineria lateralis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 144. 1836.
Buetineria rubricaulis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 145. 1836.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, Yucatin, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Central America
and northern South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia.
Scandent or procumbent shrub, the stems obtusely angulate, green, very
prickly, glabrous or pubescent; leaves on long or short petioles, the upper ones
lanceolate to broadly ovate, the lower ones broader, acute to long-acuminate,
obtuse to cordate at base, usually crenate or serrate toward the apex, thin,
green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; flowers small, black-purple, in small
axillary cymes; fruit body 7 to 10 mm. in diameter, covered with long stout
spines. ‘“Arrendador” (Sinaloa); ‘ varilla prieta” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ;
“zarza”’ (Tabasco, El Salvador) ; “ xtexak” (Yucatan, Maya) “ufia de gato”
(Costa Rica) ; “ zarza hueea” (Venezuela).
Reported by Sessé and Mocifio’ as Byttneria scabra. In Venezuela the root is
employed as a substitute for sarsaparilla in the treatment of cutaneous and
syphilitic diseases, and emmenagogue properties also are ascribed to it.
2. Buettneria catalpifolia Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 1: pl. 46. 1797.
Michoacin to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Central America and northern South
America; type from Caracas, Venezuela.
Large vine, the branches terete, tomentulose when young; leaves long-petio-
late, ovate-cordate, 10 to 25 cm. long, cuspidate-acuminate, thin, green, glabrous
and lustrous above, pubescent or glabrous beneath; inflorescence axillary or
terminal, lax, pedunculate, the flowers white; calyx 5 to 6.5 mm. long; fruit
body 2.5 to 3.5 cm. wide, usually depressed, covered with long slender prickles.
“ Bejuco cenizo” (Michoacin, Guerrero).
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 39. 1887.
814 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Buettneria salicifolia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 144. 1836.
Described from western Mexico; known to the writer only from the original
description.
Branches terete, tomentose; leaves lanceolate, acute or short-acuminate,
sharply dentate, glabrous above, tomentose beneath; flowers umbellate, 2 mm.
long, the umbels axillary.
98. DILLENIACEAE. Dillenia Family.
Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent; leaves alternate, simple, estipulate,
commonly scabrous; flowers paniculate, terminal or axillary, usually perfect or
polygamous; sepals 3 to 5, distinct or nearly so, strongly imbricate, persistent ;
stamens numerous, free, the anthers erect or versatile; fruit baccate, or usually
of 1 to 5 dry carpels, these dehiscent on the inner or on the dorsal side;
seeds usually arillate.
Anthers versatile; fruit baceate. Plants erect-.._____.______ 1. SAURAUIA.
Anthers erect; fruit 1 to 5 dry carpels.
Inner 2 sepals much larger than the others, accrescent and inclosing the
Pt Manes «SCANGENG 222. J oe ee Se ee ee ee 2. DAVILLA.
Inner sepals similar to the others, not accrescent.
Inflorescence chiefly terminal; plants scandent; aril lacerate.
3. TETRACERA.
Inflorescence wholly axillary; plants erect; aril not lacerate.
4. CURATELLA.
1. SAURAUIA Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Neue Schrift. 8: 407. 1801.
Shrubs or small trees, usually with setose or paleaceous pubescence; leaves
commonly serrulate, the lateral nerves numerous and parallel ; flowers in axillary
pedunculate panicles, commonly perfect; sepals 5; petals 5, connate at base or
nearly free; stamens numerous, adherent to the base of the corolla, the
anthers versatile; fruit baccate, 3 to 5-celled, the seeds small, embedded in
pulp.
A monograph of the genus by Buscalioni has been in the course of publica-
tion in Malpighia (volumes 25 to 28) for several years.
The name “ pipicho” is reported for one of the Oaxaca species. The fruit
is said to be sweet and mucilaginous, and a syrup made from it is adminis-
tered for chest affections.
Leaves setose-pilose benath, or sometims scabrous, with short simple hairs.
Leaves densely setose-scabrous beneath-_____________________ 16. S. aspera.
Leaves setose-pilose beneath.
Bracts of the inflorescence linear______-_______--______~~- 1. S. conzattii.
ES TSC USO Veen a cee 2. S. pseudopeduncularis.
Leaves glabrate or stellate-pilose beneath.
Leaves glabrate beneath.
Leaves without tufts of hairs beneath in the axils of the lateral nerves.
3. S. leucocarpa.
Leaves with conspicuous tufts of whitish hairs beneath in the axils of
the lateral nerves.
Inflorescences short, 2.5 to 7 em. long____-_________--__ 4. S. barbigera.
Inflorescences elongate, mostly 10 to 20 em. long.
heat plades acute Jat Nase. ee See ee eee 5. S. serrata.
Leaf blades obtuse or rounded at base_______________ 6. S. reticuiata.
Leaves stellate-pilose beneath, usually rather densely so.
Leaves entire toward the base, crenate toward the apex, densely tomentose
bene@ath= sp ee Se a ee 7. S. radlkoferi.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 815
Leaves serrulate.
Leaves without tufts of hairs beneath in the axils of the nerves; pani-
cles nearly or quite as long as the leaves.
Leaves pale beneath, stellate-tomentose_________________ 8. S. nelsoni.
Leaves green beneath, thinly stellate-pilose.
Hairs of the petioles mostly 3 to 4 mm. long; leaves mostly 8 to 14
GTN ees Wil tl kee reso Sete ene eee ee US wa 9. S. villosa.
Hairs of the petioles about 1 mm. long; leaves mostly 6 to 7 em.
CG (eS IES SE ee Maen eee 10. S. scabrida.
Leaves with dense tufts of whitish hairs beneath in the axils of the
nerves; panicles usually much shorter than the leaves.
Flowers 22 to 30 mm. broad.
Panicles 4 to 7 cm. long; flowers 25 to 30 mm. broad.
11. S. latipetala.
Panicles 10 to 15 em. long; flowers about 22 mm. broad.
12. S. paucifiora.
Flowers 10 to 16 mm. broad. .
Hairs of the petioles appressed____________-_-__-_ 13. S. pringlei.
Hairs of the petioles spreading.
Sepals glabrous on the outer surface, ciliate__14. S. willdemanni.
Sepals covered with short stellate setae_____ 15. S. buscalioniana.
1. Saurauia conzattii Buscalioni, Malpighia 25: 403. pl. 6, f. 9. 1913.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro de la Raya, Cuyamecaleo, Dis-
trito de Cuicatlin, Oaxaca, altitude 2,800 meters.
Branchlets densely setose; leaves oblong-obovate, 12 to 18 em. long, abruptly
short-acuminate, cuneate at base, serrulate, green, yellowish-setose; panicles
few-flowered, half as long as the leaves; flowers 2.3 to 2.5 em. broad; sepals
densely setose; stamens 10; ovary glabrous.
2. Saurauia pseudopeduncularis Buscalioni, Malpighia 26: 30. pl. 7, f. 13. 1913.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca.
Branchlets setose; leaves short-petiolate, the petiole villous, the blade ovate-
lanceolate or obovate, 12 to 19 cm. long, acute, at base acute or subobtuse,
serrulate, yellowish-setose; panicles few-flowered, equaling or shorter than
the leaves; flowers 1.2 to 1.5 em. broad; sepals setose; stamens 25 to 30; ovary
glabrous.
3. Saurauia leucocarpa Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 249. 1836.
Saurauia angustifolia Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 81*: 242. 1858.
Michoacén and Guerrero to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Cuesta Grande
de Chiconquiaco, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Tree, 5 to 6 meters high, the branchlets tuberculate-scabrous; leaves nar-
rowly oblong-oblanceolate, 9 to 15 cm. long, acute, cuneate at base, obscurely
serrulate, nearly glabrous; panicles equaling or shorter than the leaves; sepals
usually glabrous.
4, Saurauia barbigera Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 831. 1840.
Veracruz.
Shrub or small tree, 4.5 meters high, the branchlets appressed-setose; leaves
oblong-oblanceolate, 4 to 11 cm. long, acute or acuminate, cuneate at base,
serrate, sparsely setose above, green; panicles few-flowered, the flowers 12 mm.
broad; sepals glabrous.
5. Saurauia serrata DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 1: 420. pl. 3. 1822.
Saurauia pedunculata Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 331, 332. 1840.
Saurauia pedunculata leucocarpa Buscalioni, Malpighia 28: 237. 1917.
816 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Michoacéin to Veracruz and Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree, the branchlets sparsely appressed-setose; leaves short-
petiolate, cuneate-obovate, 10 to 20 cm. long, acute or obtuse, serrulate,
glabrate; panicles equaling or shorter than the leaves; flowers about
18 mm. broad; sepals whitish-pulverulent. “Mameyito,” ‘“‘mameyito blanco”
(Oaxaca).
6. Saurauia reticulata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 52. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, canyon near Cuernavaca, Morelos, alti-
tude 1,950 meters.
Branchlets glabrate; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-oblanceolate, 13 to 24
em. long, subacute, serrulate, thick, glabrate; panicles 11 to 16 cm. long, many:
flowered, the flowers about 2 cm. wide; sepals setulose-scabrous.
A similar plant from Sinaloa, known only from imperfect material, is said
to bear the vernacular name ‘“almendrillo.”
7. Saurauia radlkoferi Buscalioni, Malpighia 27: 6. pl. 7, f. 14. 1915.
Described from somewhere in Mexico.
Branchlets setose; leaves lance-ovate or obovate, 9 to 19 cm. long, obtuse
at base and apex, sparsely pilose above, smooth, fulvous-tomentose beneath ;
panicles shorter than the leaves, many-flowered; sepals puberulent and
setulose.
8. Saurauia nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 52. 1903.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type collected near Totontepeec, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Shrub; leaves oblong-obovate or elliptic-obovate, 14 to 25 cm. long, rounded
at base and apex, scaberulous above, densely stellate-pilosulous beneath;
panicles many-flowered, as long as the leaves; flowers about 12 mm. broad;
sepals densely setose-paleaceous; petals pink.
9. Saurauia villosa DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 1: 420. 1822.
Obelanthera melastomacea Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 20°: 149. 1847.
Seurauia macrophylla Linden; Lindl. & Paxt. Fl. Gard. 2: 27. 1852.
Saurauia obelanthera Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31°: 245. 1858.
Saurauia villosa hahni Buscalioni, Malpighia 26: 305. 1913.
Saurauia villosa macrantha Buscalioni, Malpighia 26: 310. 1913.
Saurauia villosa tuberculata Buscalioni, Malpighia 26: 312. 1913.
Saurauia villosa scabrida Buscalioni, Malpighia 26: 390. 1914.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves oval to cuneate-obovate,
15 to 35 em. long, acute or obtuse, rounded or rarely acute at base; panicles
large and many-flowered, long-pedunculate, the flowers about 1 em. broad;
sepals densely setose; stamens 20 to 30.
10. Saurauia scabrida Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 3. 1878.
Saurauia scabrida hemsleyana Buscalioni, Malpighia 26: 409. 1914.
Veracruz; type from Valley of Cérdoba.
Leaves lance-elliptic, 20 to 30 cm. long, acute, cuneate at base, coarsely
dentate; panicles few-flowered, equaling or shorter than the leaves; petals
6 to 8 mm. long; sepals setose-paleaceous ; fruit globose, 8 mm. in diameter.
11. Saurauia latipetala Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 4. 1878.
Chiapas (type locality). Guatemala.
Branchlets setulose; leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, 7 to 17 cm. long, acute
or acutish, obtuse at base, serrulate, thin; panicles 4 to 7 cm. long, few-
flowered, the flowers 2.5 to 3 em. wide; sepals pulverulent and sparsely setulose
outside; stamens 30 to 35.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 817
12. Saurauia pauciflora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 52. 1903.
Saurauia paucijiora ghiesebrechti Buscalioni, Malpighia 26: 291. 1913.
Chiapas; type from San Crist6bal, altitude 2.100 to 2,640 meters.
Shrub, the young branches densely setose with subappressed hairs; leaves
short-petiolate, oblong-oblanceolate, 7 to 10 em. long, acuminate, acute or obtuse
at base, very rough; panicles 10 to 15 cm. long, few-flowered; flowers 22 mm.
broad ; sepals densely setose ; Stamens about 20.
13. Saurauia pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 52. pl. 12. 1903.
Saurauia pringlei micrantha Busealioni, Malpighia 26: 137. 1913.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca, altitude 2,550
meters. Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 3 meters high or larger, the branchlets appressed-
setose; leaves oblong-oblanceolate, 10 to 25 em. long, acute or short-acuminate,
acute or obtuse at base, serrulate; panicles 9 to 13 cm. long, many-flowered ;
flowers 15 mm. broad; sepals pulverulent; stamens 20 to 25.
14. Saurauia willdemanni Buscalioni, Malpighia 26: 143. 1913.
Oaxaca; type from Juquila.
Branchlets setose; leaves obovate or lance-oval, 7 to 14 cm. long, acute or
acuminate, acute at base, rough, serrulate; panicles half as long as the leaves,
few-flowered ; stamens 20.
15. Saurauia buscalioniana Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 74. 1917.
Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacan or Guerrero, altitude 1,800 meters;
perhaps also in Chiapas.
Tree, 5 to 6 meters high, the branchlets densely setose-pilose ; leaves oblanceo-
late-oblong, 18 to 22 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, cuneate at base;
panicles 9 to 12 em. long, many-flowered ; flowers about 12 mm. broad; stamens
about 30.
16. Saurauia aspera Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31': 242. 1858.
Known only from Oaxaca, the type locality.
Branchlets appressed-setulose; leaves broadly oblong-obovate, 10 to 20 ecm.
long, acute or short-acuminate, obtuse at base, Serrulate, very scabrous; panicles
nearly as long as the leaves, many-flowered; sepals densely setose-paleaceous ;
flowers white.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
SAURAUIA ANISOPODA Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31*: 242. 1852. Tyne
from Oaxaca.
2. DAVILLA Vand.; Roem. Script. Pl. 115. 1796.
1. Davilla kunthii St. Hil. Pl. Usuel. Bras. 6. 1824-28.
Davilla lucida Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 73. 1836.
Davilla ovata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 73. 1836.
Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca. Central and South America.
Scandent shrub; leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptic to nearly orbicular, 6 to 18
em. long, rounded at base and apex, or sometimes acute at apex, coriaceous,
serrulate or nearly entire, scabrous above and often lustrous, densely short-
pilose beneath; panicles large, chiefly terminal, the flowers yellow ; Sepals 5, the
outer ones small, the 2 inner ones accrescent, inclosing the fruit, 7 to 10 mm.
long, pilose; petals about as long as the inner sepals; carpel 1, bivalvate, the
seed surrounded by a thin aril. ‘‘ Bejuco de tachicén” (Tabasco) ; ‘“ chumico
de bejuco” (Costa Rica, Panama); “ bejuco chaparr6én” (Guatemala, Hon-
duras) ; ‘“‘bejuco tomé” (Colombia) ; ‘‘ chumisquillo ” (Panama).
T808—23——20
818 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The tough stems are sometimes used in the construction of huts, for tying
the larger timbers of the framework. The leaves are employed as a substitute
for sandpaper.
The seeds of Davilla rugosa Poir, which is known in Nicaragua as “ hoja-
chigiie’”’ and in Cuba as “ bejuco castafio” are said to have violent and dan-
gerous emetic-cathartic properties. The bark of one of the Brazilian species
is reported to yield a black dye.
3. TETRACERA L. Sp. Pl. 533. 1753.
Scandent shrubs; leaves with numerous parallel lateral nerves; flowers
paniculate, the panicles terminal or in the upper axils; sepals 4 to 6, spreading,
the petals of the same number; fruit of 1 to 5 carpels, the ovules numerous but
the seeds 1 to 5, surrounded by a thin aril.
The name ‘“ bejuco de agua ”’ frequently applied to these plants is derived from
the fact that the stems, when cut, yield a large amount of clear water. They
are often a satisfactory source of water to travelers in the dry tropical forests
when surface water is absent.
Fruit of 3 to 5 carpels; sepals sericeous within______-__________ 1. T. volubilis.
Fruit of a single carpel; sepals glabrous within______-__--__ 2. T. sessilifiora.
1. Tetracera volubilis L. Sp. Pl. 533. 1753.
Tetracera erecta Sessé & Moc.; DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 404. 1818.
Tetracera alata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 71. 1836.
? Tetracera salicifolia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 71. 1836.
Veracruz and Oaxaca, and probably elsewhere. West Indies, Central America,
and South America.
Large vine; leaves short-petiolate, obovate-oblong or obovate, 7 to 18 cm.
long, rounded or short-pointed at apex, decurrent at base, serrulate or nearly
entire, coriaceous, very scabrous; panicles usually large; sepals rounded, un-
equal, 3 to 5mm. long; carpels 7 to 10 mm. long, short-beaked, sparsely hairy at
the apex. ‘ Hoja-chigiie” (Nicaragua); “ raspa,”’ “raspa-guacales” (Costa
Rica); ‘‘bejuco chaparro,” “bejuco tomé” (Colombia); “bejuco guara,”
“bejuco carey”? (Cuba).
The seeds and leaves are used in domestic medicine, sudorific, antisyphilitic,
febrifuge, and diuretic properties being attributed to them.
2. Tetracera sessiliflora Triana & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 17: 21. 1862.
Delima mexicana Sessé & Moe.; DC. Reg. Veg. Syst. 1: 407. 1818. Not (?)
Tetracera mexicana Hichl. 1863.
Delima dioica Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 89. 1887.
Tepic to Guerrero. Central America and Colombia; type from Colombia.
Large vine; leaves short-petiolate, oblong, oblanceolate-oblong, or obovate, 6
to 20 em. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, decurrent at base, remotely dentate,
very scabrous; panicles large and many-flowered ; flowers white; sepals rounded,
densely pubescent; carpels 6 to 8 mm. long, lustrous; wood very porous, pale
brownish pink, coarse-grained, soft. ‘‘ Bejuco de agua” (Michoacan, Guer-
rero).
The flowers are sweet-scented. The stems are often used as a substitute for
rope, and the rough leaves for polishing wood.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
TETRACERA MEXICANA Hichl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18*: 87. 1863. Based upon a
specimen from “ Onitaco,’” Mexico. No proper description of the plant has been
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 819
published. According to Gilg,’ the sepals are glabrous outside, while in the two
species listed above the sepals are hairy on the outer face.
4. CURATELLA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1079. 1759.
1. Curatella americana L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1079. 1759.
Tepic to Chiapas. Cuba and Central and South America.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 6 meters high, the trunk usually crooked, the bark
scaly, brownish; leaves short-petiolate, oval or elliptic-ovate, 12 to 30 cm.
long or larger, emarginate, abruptly short-decurrent at base, coriaceous, very
rough on both surfaces, the margin somewhat sinuate,, the lateral nerves
numerous, parallel, extending to the margin; flowers white, ill-scented, in short
dense lateral panicles; sepals 4 or 5, spreading; petals 4 or 5, 5 to 6 mm. long;
earpels 2, hirsute, 6 to 7 mm. long; seeds black, surrounded by a thin aril;
wood rather soft, light, coarse-grained, taking a poor polish, its specific gravity
reported as 0.805, the sapwood thin, light brown, the heartwood somewhat
darker. ‘‘ Raspa-viejo”’ (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “ tlachicén” (Oaxaca; from
the Nahuatl tla-chiquoni, “thing that makes rough,’ Reko); “hoja man”
(Oaxaca, Seler); “chumico de palo,” “ hoja-chigtie,” ‘“ raspa-guacal” (Costa
Rica) ; “‘chaparro” (Colombia, Venezuela, Guatemala, Honduras) ; “‘ chumico,”
“chumico palo,” ‘“ curatela’”’ (Panama); ‘‘ vaca-buey,” ‘“ careicillo” (Cuba) ;
““neralejo’” (Colombia).
Seler states that in Oaxaca the ground seeds are mixed with chocolate to
flavor it. The rough leaves, which contain silicon, are widely used as a sub-
stitute for sandpaper for polishing wood and metal, and for cleaning kitchen
utensils. The wood is of little value. The bark is said to be rich in tannin
and to be used in Brazil for tanning skins. A decoction of the leaves is
employed in Brazil for treating wounds. In some parts of western Mexico
the tree is abundant and forms dense thickets or low forests.
99. OCHNACEAE. Ochna Family.
1. OURATEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 397. 1775.
Glabrous trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, persistent, coriaceous, lustrous,
serrulate or entire, stipulate; flowers yellow, in terminal or lateral racemes
or panicles, the pedicels jointed at base; sepals 5, imbricate, thin; petals 5,
obovate, dawed; stamens 10, the anthers dehiscent by pores; ovary 5-parted ;
fruit of 5, or by abortion fewer, sessile 1-seeded drupes.
Leaves 10 to 16 em. long, bright green, the veinlets mostly parallel, not reticu-
LEC pe aes een NE ye ee 1. O. mexicana.
Leaves 4 to 9 em. long, pale, the veinlets not parallel, irregularly reticulate.
2. O. pallida.
1. Ouratea mexicana (Humb. & Bonpl.) Engl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12: 312. 1876.
Gomphia mexicana Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 21. pl. 74. 1809.
? Gomphia jurgensenii Planch. Lond. Journ. Bot. 6: 11. 1847.
? Ouratea jurgensenii Engl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 12: 351. 1876.
Michoacin to Oaxaca; type collected between Acapulco and Chilpancingo,
Guerrero. Central America. —
Shrub or tree, 2 to 5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly elliptic-
oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, 2.5 to 4.5 em. wide, acute or short-acuminate,
acute to rounded at base, spinulose-serrulate toward the apex, lustrous; pan-
o
icles 5 to 16 em. long, many-flowered, the flowers pedicellate; sepals 5 to 7 mm.
*In Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 111. 1893.
820 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
long, obtuse; petals slightly longer than the sepals. ‘“ Cinco negritos,” ‘‘ zapo-
tillo de la costa” (Oaxaca).
2. Ouratea pallida Standl., sp. nov.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Acaponeta, Tepic (Rose, Standley & Russell
14445; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 637331).
Shrub or smail tree, 2 to 4.5 meters high, with divaricate branchlets; petioles
2 to 5 mm. long; leaf blades oblong, lanceolate, ovate, oblong-obovate, or ellip-
tic-oblong, acute or obtuse, acutish to rounded at base, finely serrulate through
out or subentire, coriaceous, pale green, the venation prominulous beneath;
flowers in dense racemes or panicles 4 cm. long or shorter, the pedicels about as
long as the ovoid buds; sepals 7 mm. long, obtuse; petals 8 to 9 mm. long;
anthers 4 mm. long; carpels ellipsoid, 1 cm. long, very lustrous.
The shrub is common in dry places along the coastal plain of Sinaloa and
Tepic.
100. MARCGRAVIACEAE. Marcgravia Family.
Epiphytic or scandent shrubs; leaves alternate, leathery, simple or entire,
often dimorphous; inflorescence racemose, terminal, pendulous; bracts borne
in the midst of the raceme or upon the pedicels, greatly modified, nectariferous ;
flowers perfect ; sepals 5, imbricate; petals 5, connate at base, or throughout and
forming a caplike mass; stamens 5 to 40; fruit globose, coriaceous or fleshy, in-
dehiscent, 5 to many-celled.
Central (terminal) flowers sterile; petals united to form a caducous caplike
COrOlAS Sie? MS ke Ub ih Dees OR IO OR 1. MARCGRAVIA.
Central or terminal flowers, as well as the others, fertile; petals nearly distinct.
‘ 2. SOUROUBEA.
1. MARCGRAVIA L. Sp. Pl. 503. 1753.
1. Marecgravia mexicana Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 25: Beibl. 60: 26. 1898.
Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere; type from Mirador, Veracruz.
Glabrous shrub, epiphytic and more or less scandent; leaves of fertile
branches lanceolate, 6 to 10.5 cm. long, nearly sessile, acuminate, acute or obtuse
at base; inflorescence umbel-like, the pedicels 3 to 5 em. long, the apex of the
rachis bearing several nectaries, these tubular, 7 to 8 mm. long, stalked; sepals
4, orbicular, 2 mm. long; corolla cylindric.
The genus is represented by a large number of species in the humid forests
of tropical America. The nectaries are usually bright-colored. They hang in-
verted and are filled with nectar, which is much sought by humming-birds and
insects. The young sterile shoots are very slender and vinelike, and their
leaves are decidedly different from those of the fertile branches. In sterile
specimens which probably belong to MM. mexicana the leaves are sessile, ob-
long or ovate, and only 1 to 3 cm. long. Specimens of these sterile branches
were reported from Mexico by Liebmann’* as Urostigma scandens, he believing
that he was dealing with one of the wild figs (Ficus).
Imperfect Oaxaca specimens evidently represent a second species of the genus
for Mexico, but the material is insufficient for identification or description.
The Oaxaca plant is known locally as “ gallitos.”
2. SOUROUBEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 244. 1775.
1. Souroubea exauriculata Delp. Att. Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Milan. 12: 180. 1869.
Veracruz and Oaxaca.
Leaves short-petiolate, oblong-oblanceolate, 7 to 14 cm. long, 3 to 5 cm. wide,
acute or obtuse, acute at base, thick, glabrous; racemes 10 to 15 cm. long or
* Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 330. 1851.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 821
larger, puberulent, the pedicels stout, about 1 cm. long; bract borne at the
apex of the pedicel, helmet-shaped, about 1 cm. long; sepals rounded, 3 to 4
mm. long; petals oval, about 7 mm. long, obtuse.
101. THEACEAE. Tea Family.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, evergreen, simple; peduncles 1-flowered,
axillary or lateral, solitary or fasciculate; flowers perfect; sepals 5, imbricate,
free or slightly united at base; petals 5, imbricate, united at base or free;
stamens numerous, the anthers erect; fruit indehiscent, 2 to 5-celled, globose
or ovoid.
The best-known member of the family is the tea plant, Thea sinensis L., a
native of China and India.
The loblolly bay, Gordonia lasianthus (L.) Ellis, a native of the southeastern
United States, has been reported from Tepic, by Hemsley. No similar plant
has been seen in the Mexican collections examined by the writer.
Seeds and ovules attached at the apex of the cell; sepals not ciliate, sometimes
elandular-denticul a tej casas. ss 2 ee ae 1. TAONABO.
Seeds and ovules attached at the side of the cell; sepals ciliate___.2. EURYA.
1. TAONABO Aubl. Pl. Guian. 569, 1775.
Evergreen glabrous trees or shrubs; leaves coriaceous, entire or serrulate,
short-petiolate; penduncles axillary or lateral, 1-flowered, recurved, solitary
or fasciculate, bibracteolate; sepals 5; petals 5, white, connate at base; stamens
numerous; fruit indehiscent, globose or ovoid, 2 or 3-celled, tipped with the
persistent style.
The species are closely related and it is doubtful whether all those listed
below, or even any large proportion of them, deserve recognition as species.
The names “hierba del cura” and “tepezapcte” (from the Nahuatl tepeza-
potl, “mountain zapote”’”’) are applied to the various species, and the name
“limoncillo ” is reported from Hidalgo. A decoction of the leaves is used to
bathe parts of the body affected with rheumatism.
Bractlets inserted somewhat below the base of the sepals, usually oblong or
deltoid-oblong, after anthesis deciduous or becoming remote from the calyx.
Leaves mostly 2 to 3 cm. wide; sepals in fruit 7 to 10 mm. long.
1. T. pringlei.
Leaves 8 to 5.5 cm. wide; sepals 10 to 12 mm. long________ 2. T. maltbyana.
Bractlets inserted at the base of the sepals, broadly ovate to orbicular, per-
sistent at the base of the calyx.
Flowers short-pedicellate, the pedicels scarcely or not at all longer than the
PLOW CL OR eh Ua creo eee eres staan ie et aera et ee 3. T. sylvatica.
Flowers long-pedicellate, the pedicels usually much longer than the flower or
fruit. ;
eaves erenate-Serrulate®=) 2) 2210) rs ee See 4, T. tepezapote.
Leaves entire.
Fruit and ovary rounded at apex, abruptly contracted into the style.
5. T. sphaerocarpa.
Fruit and ovary acute at apex, gradually narrowed into the style.
6. T. oocarpa.
1. Taonabo pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 322. 1905.
Mountains of Michoacin and Morelos; type from Sierra de Tepoztlan,
Morelos, altitude 2,250 meters.
Small tree; leaves narrewly oblong-oblanceolate, 4.5 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or
rounded at apex, attenuate at base, obscurely serrulate, paler beneath ; pedicels
822 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
equaling or longer than the flowers; sepals about 1 cm. long, entire; ovary
acute.
Ternstroemia chalicophila Loesener,’ described from Huitztan, Chiapas, is
probably a synonym of this species.
2. Taonabo maltbyana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 322. 1905.?
Ternstroemia maltbyana Rose, U. 8S. Dept. Agr. N. Amer. Fauna 14: 78. 1899.
Sinaloa and the Tres Marias Islands; type from Maria Madre Island, Tepic.
Leaves oblong-obovate or obovate-elliptic, 5.5 to 11 cm. long, rounded or very
obtuse at apex, acute at base, entire; pedicels slender, often 5 cm. long; sepals
about 1 em. long, entire; fruit subglobose, 1.5 em. thick.
8. Taonabo sylvatica (Schlecht. & Cham.) Szysz. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. 3°: 189. 1893.
Ternstroemia sylvatica Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 220. 1830.
Veracruz and Hidalgo; type collected between Jalapa and San Andrés,
Veracruz.
Small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, oblanceolate or
oblong-obovate, 4.5 to 8 em. long, acute or acuminate at base and apex, thin,
entire; sepals 5 to 7 mm. long, entire or obscurely glandular-denticulate; fruit
ovoid, about 1.7 em. long and 1 cm. thick. ‘“ Hierba del cura” (Veracruz).
4. Taonabo tepezapote (Schlecht. & Cham.) Szysz. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan-
zenfam. 3°: 189. 1893.
Ternstroemia tepezapote Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 420, 1831.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Tecolutla, Veracruz.
Small tree; leaves oblong-oblanceolate to obovate, 5 to 11 cm. long, 2 to 4.5
cm. wide, obtuse or acutish at apex, rarely rounded, acute at base, paler
beneath; sepals about 7 mm. long, usually entire; ovary acute. ‘‘ Tepeza-
pote” (Veracruz).
5. Taonabo sphaerocarpa Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 8: 322. 1905.
Guerrero to Chiapas; type from Valley of Cuicatlin, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Leaves obovate or oblong-obovate, 7 to 11 cm. long, 3 to 5.5 cm. wide,
rounded or obtuse at apex, acute at base, thick, pale beneath; sepals 7 to 9
mm. long, often glandular-denticulate; fruit subglobose, sometimes nearly 3
em. in diameter.
6. Taonabo oocarpa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 322. 1905.
Oaxaca; type from Ocuilapa, altitude 1,020 to 1,140 meters.
Leaves obovate or oblong-obovate, 7 to 9 cm. long, 2.5 to 3.8 cm. wide, obtuse
or acutish, acute at base, thick, pale beneath; sepals nearly 1 cm, long, glandu-
lar-denticulate; fruit about 1.5 em. long, 1.5 em. thick at base.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
TAONABO LINEATA (DC.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 322. 1905. ‘Terns-
troemia lineata DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 1: 409. 1822. Type from
Chalma, Veracruz. Reported by Sessé and Mocifio* as Ternstroemia meridio-
nalis.
2. EURYA Thunb. Nov. Gen. Pl. 67. 1783.
Shrubs or trees; leaves thick, persistent; flowers small, the peduncles
1-flowered, solitary or fasciculate, bibracteolate; sepals 5; petals 5, distinct
or nearly so, white; fruit indehiscent, 2 to 5-celled; the seeds few in each cell.
* Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 213. 1903.
* The specific name is given incorrectly here as “ maltbyi.”
* Pl. Nov. Hisp. 86. 1887.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 823
TbeaiviesCntine = seets e e et a ie oneeee a 1. E. mexicana.
CAVES SCL ULL Crees sa Se eee ee ee ole! ys 2 2. E. theoides.
1. Eurya mexicana (Turcz.) Syzsz. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 189.
18938.
Freziera integrifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 6. 1839. Not Hurya integrifolia
Blume, 1856.
Tristylium mexicanum Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31°: 248. 1858.
Cleyera integrifolia Planch.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. 1: 93. 1879.
Cleyera mexicana Planch.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 93. 1879.
Ternstroemia purpusit T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 187. 1915.
Michoacan to Chiapas and Morelos; type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco,
Oaxaca.
Small tree; leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 4.5 to 13 em. long, acute or
short-acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, lustrous, paler beneath; pedicels
much longer than the flowers; sepals suborbicular, 3 to 4 mm. long, ciliate;
fruit ovoid-globose, 8 to 10 mm. long.
2. Eurya theoides (Swartz) Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 105. 1856.
Hroteum theoides Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 85. 1788.
Freziera theoides Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oce. 2: 972. 1800.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. West Indies and Central America.
Shrub or small tree; leaves obovate-elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 4 to 13 cm.
long, acute or acuminate, acute or acutish at base, paler beneath, coriaceous,
yellowish green when dry; sepals 3 to 4 mm. long, ciliate, sericeous outside
or glabrate; fruit globose-ovoid, 6 to 7 mm. long. ‘Tito’? (Costa Rica).
102. HYPERICACEAE. St. John’s-wort Family.
Shrubs or trees; leave opposite, entire, usually gland-dotted, herbaceous,
estipulate; flowers perfect, terminal, cymose or paniculate, sometimes soli-
tary; sepals 5 or 4, imbricate; petals 5 or 4; stamens numerous; fruit bac-
zate or capsular, 3 to 5-celled.
Besides the genera listed below, the genus Hypericum is represented in
Mexico by a large number of species, all of which are herbs.
Fruit capsular; petals 4, glabrous; sepals very unequal________ 1. ASCYRUM.
Fruit baccate; petals 5, villous within; sepals equal or nearly so___2. VISMTA.
1, ASCYRUM L. Sp. Pl. 787. 1753.
1. Ascyrum hypericoides L, Sp. Pl. 788. 1753.
Ascyrum crua-andreae L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1107. 1763.
Veracruz, Oaxaea, and Chiapas. Guatemala, West Indies, and United
States.
Glabrous shrub, usually less than 30 cm. high, much branched, the branches
compressed ; leaves obovate to nearly linear, 8 to 25 mm. long, obtuse, dotted
with black glands; flowers terminal and axillary, pedicellate, 12 to 18 mm.
broad, yellow; outer sepals oval or ovate, 8 to 12 mm. long, green, the inner
narrow and shorter; stamens numerous; capsule ovoid, 4 mm. long, 1-celled.
“Arrayanilla”’ (Porto Rico).
A decoction of the leaves is sometimes employed as a resolutive and astringent.
Purgative properties are ascribed to the seeds.
824 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. VISMIA Vand. Fl. Lusit. & Bras. 51. 1788.
Other species besides the following occur in Central America.
1. Vismia mexicana Schlecht. Linnaea 10: 245. 1828.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Central
America.
Small tree with pyramidal crown; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate or lance-
ovate, 8 to 18 em. long, acute or acuminate, rounded to subacute at base, entire,
very finely whitish or brownish-tomentulose beneath, glabrous above; flowers
in terminal panicled cymes, pedicellate; sepals 5, equal, 6 to 7 mm. long;
petals 5, 7 mm. long, black-lineate, villous within; stamens numerous, in 5
clusters; fruit baccate, globose-ovoid, 1.5 cm. long, 5-celled, containing many
seeds.
Vismia ferruginea H. B. K. is known in Guatemala as “achiotillo” and
“ camparaguey.”’
103. CLUSIACEAE. Clusia Family.
Trees or shrubs, sometimes epiphytic, with resinous, usually yellow juice;
leaves opposite, entire, coriaceous, pinnate-nerved, estipulate; flowers usually
dioecious or polygamous, axillary or terminal, white, yellow, or pink; sepals
2 to 6, imbricate, decussate; petals usually 2 to 4; stamens numerous in the
staminate flower; fruit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous.
Flowers terminal; fruit capsular but usually fleshy________ = earn aS 1. CLUSIA.
Flowers axillary; fruit baccate or drupaceous. ie
Peduncles several-flowered, the flowers racemose___-_-- 2. CALOPHYLLUM.
Peduncles 1-flowered.
Style elongate; calyx closed before anthesis___-____________ 8 MAMMEA.
Style very short or none; calyx of imbricate sepals____-___-- 4 RHEEDIA.
1. CLUSIA L. Sp. Pl. 509. 1753.
Glabrous trees or shrubs, often epiphytic, with resinous juice; leaves
coriaceous, with numerous slender lateral nerves; flowers terminal, small or
large, dioecious or polygamous; sepals 4 to 6, orbicular; petals 4 to 9, oblong
or obovate; stamens numerous in the staminate flower; ovary 5 to 12-celled;
fruit capsular, coriaceous or fleshy, septicidally dehiscent; seeds usually numer-
ous, arillate.
Leaves rounded-obovate, less than one and one-half times as long as broad, very
CHICK 385 et Oe eh Ea 1. C. rosea.
Leaves oblanceolate to oval-obovate, usually fully twice as long as broad,
thinner.
Petioles about-ovem: lone suas) kes Se ae eee ee ee 2. C. ovigera.
Petioles 0.5 to 3 cm. long.
Staminate flowers 3.5 to 4 ecm. broad_________----______-__3. C. orizabae.
Staminate flowers less than 3 em. broad.
Petioles very stout, marginate to base; leaves broadly rounded at apex.
4. C. salvinii.
Petioles comparatively slender, not marginate; leaves rounded to acute
at apex.
Leaves rounded at apex.
Fruit about 12-celled; leaves mostly 8 to 10 em_________-_ 5. C. flava.
Fruit about 7-celled; leaves mostly 5 to 6 cm. long.
6. C. parvicapsula.
Leaves, at least most of them, acute or obtuse________ 7. C. mexicana.
eS ee ee ee ee
a
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 825
1. Clusia rosea Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 34. 1760.
Chiapas. Central America, West Indies, and northern South America.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 10 meters high, usually epiphytic when young and destroy-
ing the host plant in age; leaves short-petiolate, 7 to 15 em. long and nearly as
wide, broadly rounded at apex, rounded or cuneate at base, very thick, with
numerous close parallel lateral nerves; flowers polygamous; petals 6, white or
tinged with pink; fruit 8 to 12-celled, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter. ‘Cupey ”
(Porto Rico, Panama) ; “ copey”’ (Cuba).
The wood is said to be reddish and to have a specific gravity of 0.876. An
infusion of the leaves is sometimes employed for chest affections and a decoc-
tion of the bark (in Venezuela) as a lotion for rheumatism. A gum or
resin obtained from the fruit was used by the South American Indians as a
resolutive in treating fractures and dislocation.
Oviedo (Lib. VIII, Cap. XIV) gives the following account of a tree which
must be Clusia rosea or some closely related species: ‘‘ The copey is a fine
tree with good wood, and it has leaves such as I have described above for the
guiabara or uvero. But the copey is a much larger tree, with smaller leaves,
and the leaves are twice as thick or more, and better for writing on with a
pin or a sharp point; the veins of the leaves are more delicate and hinder
writing less than those of the wvero. In the early times of the conquest of
Hispaniola and other islands, the Christians made playing-cards of copey
leaves, and lost or gained much money with them, for lack of better ones; on
the leaves they drew the kings, knights, knaves, and spots, and all the other
figures and values that there usually are on cards, just as I have painted here
the five of diamonds (plate 3, figure 6). As these leaves are very thick they
held the drawings well. and shuffling did not break them. The fruit of this
tree I have not seen, although I have often seen the leaves and the trees them-
selves.”
For an illustration of Clusia rosea see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 28.
2. Clusia ovigera Triana & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 13: 354. 1860.
Known only from the type collection, from somewhere in southern Mexico.
Leaves obovate-oblong, 15 to 20 em. long, obtuse or obtuse-acuminate, acute
at base, coriaceous; cymes with 3 or more long-pedicellate flowers; sepals 4;
petals 4; fruit ovoid, 9 cm. long or larger.
8. Clusia orizabae Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 3. 1878.
Type from Izhuatlancillo, region of Orizaba, Veracruz.
Leaves elliptic or lanceolate, 10 to 15 cm. long, obtuse, cuneate at base, the
petiole 2.5 cm. long or less; staminate flowers bibracteolate, the cymes with 3
or more flowers; sepals 4; petals 4.
4. Clusia salvinii Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 35: 1. 1903.
Michoacin to Oaxaca, and probably also in Sinaloa and Veracruz. Guate-
mala; type from Volein de Agua.
Leaves oblong-obovate or oval-obovate, 10 to 20 em. long, 5.5 to 10 cm. wide,
cuneate at base, with numerous fine nerves divergent at an angle of about 60°;
cymes few-flowered; sepals 4, 7 to 9 mm. long; petals 5, slightly longer than
the sepals; fruit globose, 5-celled, 1.5 to 2 em. in diameter. ‘‘ Palo de Aguila”
(Oaxaca).
5. Clusia flava Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 34. 1760.
Specimens from Yucatin perhaps belong here. Jamaica.
Tree, about 10 meters high; leaves cuneate-obovate, 4 to 8 em. wide, cuneate
at base, short-petiolate, the lateral nerves ascending at a very acute angle;
826 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
flowers 2 to 2.5 em. wide; sepals 4, the bractlets 4 to 8; petals 4, yellow; fruit
subglobose, large. “ Chunup” (Yucatan).
Used in Yucatin as a remedy for syphilitic affections.
6. Clusia parvicapsula Vesque, Epharm. 3: 10. ie 34. 1892.
Veracruz. Colombia and Peru.
Leaves obovate, usually 2 to 3.5 em. wide, cuneate at base, the nerves ascend-
ing at a very acute angle; cymes 3 to 6-flowered; sepals 4, rounded; fruit
about 1.5 cm. in diameter, globose.
7. Clusia mexicana Vesque, Epharm. 3: 9. pl. 24, 25. 1892.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Cordoba, Veracruz. Probably also in Cen-
tral America.
Leaves oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, 6 to 15 em. long, acute at base,
the lateral nerves ascending at a very acute angle; cymes with 3 or several
flowers; bractlets 2 or 4; sepals 4; petals 4, white; fruit subglobose, 5 or 6-
celled, 3 to 4 em. in diameter. ‘“ Zapotillo” (Oaxaca).
2. CALOPHYLLUM L. Sp. Pl. 513. 1753.
Glabrous trees; leaves coriaceous, lustrous, the lateral nerves very numerous
and close; flowers cymose-paniculate or racemose, axillary, small, polygamous ;
sepals 4; petals 2 to 8 or more; stamens numerous; fruit drupaceous; 1-seeded.
Petioles 22 to 32 mm. long; leaves 10 to 16 em. long.____--_-__-_____ 1. C. rekoi.
Petioles 8 to 10 mm. long; leaves 6.5 to 8.5 cm. long_______-__ 2. C. chiapense.
1. Calophyllum rekoi Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 192. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro Espino, Oaxaca, altitude 600 meters.
Tree, 20 to 25 meters high; leaves elliptic or elliptic-cblong, 4 to 6 cm. wide,
acute at base and apex; racemes about 7-flowered, 2.4 to 3.5 cm. long, puberu-
lent; flowers white, fragrant, 8 mm. broad; stamens 7 to 12; fruit globose, 4
to 5 em. in diameter. ‘“ Cimarron,” “‘ cedro cimarro6n.”
The tree is valued because of its excellent wood, which resembles mahogany.
When cut, the branches yield a yellow sticky sap.
2. Calophyllum chiapense Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 192. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Los Pinos, near Tonalfé, Chiapas.
Leaves elliptic or obovate-elliptic, 2 to 4 em. wide, cbtuse or acutish, acute
at base; racemes mostly 5-flowered, 2.5 cm. long, obscurely puberulent; flowers
8 to 10 mm. broad; stamens numerous. “ Leche de Marfa.”
The wood is used for making cart wheels.
3. MAMMEA L. Sp. Pl. 512. 1758.
Only the following species is known.
1. Mammea americana L. Sp. Pl. 512. 1753.
? Mammea emarginata DC. Prodr. 1: 561. 1824.
Cultivated in Veracruz and Tabasco, and perhaps elsewhere. West Indies
and northern South America; cultivated in many tropical regions.
Large tree, 12 to 20 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oval, elliptic, or
elliptic-obovate, 10 to 15 em. long or larger, rounded at apex, rounded or
obtuse at base, leathery, lustrous, with numerous parallel lateral nerves;
flowers polygamous, fragrant, axillary, solitary or fasciculate, pedicellate;
ealyx closed at first, rupturing into 2 sepals; petals usually 5, oblong, about
2 cm. long, white; stamens numerous; fruit baccate, 2-celled, 8 to 20 cm. in
diameter, subglobose, brownish, the flesh yellow or reddish; seeds 1 to 4, ellip-
soid, 4.5 to 7 cm. long. ‘“ Zapote mamey,” ‘ zapote nifio,’’ “ zapote de Santo
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. - 827
Domingo,” “zapote Domingo” (Veracruz); ““mamey” (Tabasco, Costa Rica,
Cuba, Porto Rico).
The English name for the fruit is ‘‘mammee-apple.” The tree has been
introduced into Mexico from the West Indies. The trunk is sometimes as much
as a meter in diameter ; the crown is broad, and the leaves of a deep rich green.
The fruit varies somewhat in shape, being either globose or ellipsoid; its thick
leathery skin is russet-colored, and when cut a yellowish sap exudes from it.
The flesh is firm but juicy; its flavor somewhat resembles that of the apricot,
especially when cooked. The fruit is eaten raw, often being served with wine
or sugar and cream; it is also made into preserves or jam. A liqueur, known as
“eau de créole” or “créme de créole,” is distilled from the flowers in the French
West Indies. The wood is hard, durable, and beautifully grained, and takes a
high polish. It is used for building purposes and cabinetwork.
The gum obtained from the bark is used to extract chiggers from the skin and
to kill ticks and other parasites upon domestic animals. In Venezuela the
powdered seeds are used in the same way. and also for cutaneous diseases.
Febrifuge properties have been ascribed to the leaves.
4, RHEEDIA L. Sp. Pl. 1193. 1753.
1. Rheedia edulis (Seem.) Triana & Planch. Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 14: 310. 1860.
Calophyllum edule Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 89. 1853.
Oaxaca. Central America; type from Panama.
Tree, about 15 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong or narrowly
oblong, 6 to 18 cm. long, obtuse or acutish at base and apex, glabrous, cori-
aceous; peduncles axillary, usually fasciculate, 1-flowered, 1.5 to 2 em. long;
sepals 2; petals 4, about 6 mm. long; stamens 10 to 12; fruit olive-like, about
2.5 em. long, 1 or 2-seeded, with scant flesh. ‘“‘ Jorco” (Costa Rica) ; “sastra”
(Panama).
The fruit is sweet and edible. This is probably the plant reported by Sessé
and Mocifio* as Rheedia laterifiora, a name which belongs to a West Indian
species.
104. FRANKENIACEAE. Frankenia Family.
1. FRANKENTIA IL. Sp. Pl. 331. 1758.
Small much-branched shrubs with jointed stems; leaves small, opposite,
estipulate, entire, often fasciculate; flowers perfect, solitary, sessile, pink;
calyx tubular, persistent, 4 to 6-lobate; petals 4 to 6, free, imbricate; stamens
usually 6; fruit a capsule, 1-celled, usually with 3 parietal placentae, included
in the calyx, the seeds 2 to several.
Leaves flat when fresh; style 3-cleft; ovules numerous______1. F. grandifolia.
Leaves with strongly revolute margins; style 2-cleft; ovules 2 or 3.
2. F. palmeri.
1. Frankenia grandifolia Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 1: 35. 1826.
In saline or alkaline soil, northern Baja California. California.
Plants chiefly herbaceous, suffrutescent at base, 30 cm. high or less, puber-
ulent ; leaves obovate to oblong, mostly 8 to 15 mm. long, obtuse, short-petiolate ;
calyx 6 to 7 mm. long, angulate, pilosulous; petals usually 5, purple; stamens
4 to 7. ‘“ Hierba reuma” (California).
The plant has a salty flavor and contains a large amount of sodium chloride.
It also contains about 6 per cent of tannin. The extract of the plant is ap-
plied topically and also taken internally for catarrhal affections, especially those
of the nasal and genito-urinary passages.
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 86. 1887.
828 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Frankenia grandifolia campestris A. Gray.’ is a form with smaller narrower
leaves and shorter pubescence. It has been collected in Coahuila and occurs
also in Nevada and southern California.
2. Frankenia palmeri 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 124. 1876.
Chiefly in salt marshes, Baja California and upon the adjacent islands;
type from the east coast. Southern California.
Stems woody almost throughout, gray; leaves linear or filiform, mostly 2 to
6 mm. long but sometimes as much as 10 mm., scaberulous, usually with a white
incrustation ; calyx 3 to 4 cm. long; stamens 4.
105. TAMARICACEAE. Tamarisk Family.
1. TAMARIX L. Sp. Pl. 270. 1753.
The species are all natives of the,Old World, chiefly of the Mediterranean
region. Several of them have medicinal properties and some yield dyestuffs.
Some’ of the species, when punctured by a scale insect, produce an exudate
known as manna.
1. Tamarix gallica L. Sp. Pl. 270. 1753.
Cultivated for ornament especially in the arid portions of northern Mexico;
sometimes escaping. Native of southern Europe and northern Africa; culti-
vated in the southern part of the United States.
Glabrous shrub or small tree, sometimes 9 meters high, with slender branches ;
leaves alternate, minute, scalelike, sessile, acute; flowers pink or white, in dense
bracted spikes; sepals 4 or 5; petals 4 or 5, scarcely more than 1 mm. long;
anthers yellow or purple; fruit a small capsule containing numerous seeds.
The English names are tamarisk and salt-cedar. In Spain the shrub is
known as ‘tamarisco,” ‘“tamariz,” ‘“taray,” ‘“atarfe,” and “talaya.” The
shrub will thrive under the most varied conditions, in either dry or wet ground.
In the southwestern United States it is a favorite ornamental plant because
it grows well in the most arid places. It is able also to endure salt and alkali
in the soil. Frequently it is planted for hedges, and if kept trimmed it forms
a dense handsome hedge of pale green. The branches suggest those of cedar
(Juniperus), but they are much more slender. The plant is easily grown
from cuttings.
In its native countries the tamarisk is prized as a source of charcoal. The
branches are used for basketry and wattlework. All parts of the shrub are
bitter and the bark contains tannin. Tonic, astringent, sudorific, and diuretic
properties are ascribed to it. In Europe the leaves and branches are sometimes
employed in the preparation of a kind of beer.
106. FOUQUIERIACEAE. Ocotillo Family.
REFERENCE: Nash, A revision of the family Fouquieriaceae, Bull. Torrey Club
80: 449-459. 1903.
Shrubs or trees; spines developing within the petioles on young branches,
becoming apparent after the fall of the leaves; leaves alternate, entire, petio-
late; flowers perfect, spicate, racemose, or paniculate, terminal; sepals 5,
imbricate; corolla gamopetalous, the lobes imbricate; stamens 10 to 15, un-
equal, exserted; fruit a 3-celled capsule, 3-valved; ovules 4 to 6 in each cell;
seeds compressed, at first broadly winged, the wing breaking up into long fila-
ments.
1Syn. FI. 17: 208. 1895.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 829
Styles wholly united, stout, short, included; tree with a thick, columnar,
usually asimple: trunic: ‘corolla, yellow. 22s ee ee 1. IDRIA.
Styles free at apex, slender, exserted; shrubs or trees with branched trunks;
corollatusuallly pred steal oribece cae i apesideng go Ee ies 2. FOUQUIERIA.
1. IDRIA Kellogg, Hesperian 4: 101. 1860.
A single species is known.
1. Idria columnaris Kellogg, Hesperian 4: 101. 1860.
Fouquieria columnaris Kellogg; Curran, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 133. 1885.
F’ouquieria gigantea Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 2: 48. 1886.
Baja California; type locality, Sebastian Bay.
Trunk 3 to 18 meters high, tapering from base to apex, with numerous slen-
der lateral branches, these leafy, covered with slender spines 2 to 3.5 em. long;
leaves oblanceolate or obovate, 1.5 to 2 em. long; flowers in large panicles
borne at the summit of the trunk, nearly sessile, 12 to 14 mm. long; sepals 4
mm. long, rounded; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long; stamens 10; capsule 8 to 10 mm.
long. ‘“ Cirio.”
This is one of the most curious and remarkable plants of Baja California,
because of its weird appearance and strange habit of growth. It grows on
sandy flats and rocky hills at low altitudes, and in many places is abundant,
forming regular forests. The trunks sometimes send forth a few large erect
branches above the middle; at the base they are often nearly a meter in di-
ameter. The older trees frequently become topheavy and lop over, thus as-
suming fantastic forms. The wood is soft and spongy. The trunks are often
hollow, and sometimes inhabited by bees. For illustrations of the plant see
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 121, 122.
The following account of the tree by Clavigero (Historia de la California,
1789) is doubtless the first published descripticn of it: “Much more curious
is another tree, called by the Cochimi milapd, which is common from the
twenty-ninth to the thirty-first degree, and had not been seen by the mission-
aries before the year 1751, for they had not entered that part of the country ;
nor is it, as I believe, Known even yet among naturalists. It is so large that
it rises perpendicularly to a height of 70 feet; its trunk, proportionately thick,
is not woody but soft and juicy, like the branches of the pitahayo and cardén;
its branches are certain twigs, a foot and a half long, adorned with small
leaves and with a spine at the tip; the direction of the branches is not upward
or horizontal, like those of most trees, but they hang down like beard from
tip to the base of the trunk, and upon them are bunches of flowers, but no
fruit has ever been seen. This great tree is of no use, for even when dry it
is not good for fuel; nevertheless, in the mission of San Francisco de Borja
they used to burn it for lack of other firewood.”
2. FOUQUIERIA H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 3: 452. 1819.
Spiny shrubs or trees, with a distinct trunk, or often dividing at the base
into slender erect branches, leafless for most of the year; flowers usually red,
spicate or paniculate; corolla cylindric or campanulate, the tube equaling or
longer than the lobes; stamens 10 to 15.
The following species are the only ones known.
Jeeaves nearly. linear; 2'to’3'mm. wides 222) se ee 1. F. purpusii.
Leaves oblong to broadly obovate, usually more than 5 mm. wide.
Corolla tube campanulate, little if at all exceeding the lobes.
Capsule about 2 cm. long; filaments not appendaged___---_-_ 2. F. burragei.
Capsule 1 to 1.5 em. long; filaments appendaged____-._____ 3. F. fasciculata.
830 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Corolla tube cylindric, more than twice as long as the lobes.
Inflorescence spicate, the flowers sessile___________________ 4. F. formosa.
Inflorescence paniculate, the flowers pedicellate.
Filaments with a scalelike appendage near base; panicle long and nar-
row; plants usually without a trunk______________ 5. F. splendens.
Filaments not appendaged; panicle broad or conic; plants commonly
with a trunk.
Panicle corymbiform, the pedicels long and slender.
6. F. macdougalii.
Panicle conic, the pedicels short and stout_________ 7. F. peninsularis.
1. Fouquieria purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 386. 1909.
Known only from Cerro de Coscomate, Oaxaca, on rocky slopes at an altitude
of 2,000 to 2,200 meters.
Tree, 4 to 8 meters high, the trunk 50 cm. thick or more at base, tapering
upward, gray, with spreading branches; leaves 3 to 5 cm. long; spines 3 to 4
em. long; inflorescence corymbose-paniculate, the flowers short-pedicellate;
corolla 1 em. long, white, the lobes acuminate; stamens 10; capsule 1 cm.
long.
For an account of the species, accompanied by two illustrations, see A.
Purpus in Méller’s Deutsche Girtner-Zeitung 25: 8-9. 1910. In habit the plant
resembles Jdria columnaris, the trunk suggesting an inverted carrot.
2. Fouquieria burragei Rose, Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12: 267. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, Pichilinque Island, Baja California.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 7 meters high, with very short trunk and long simple
spiny branches; spines about 1 cm. long; inflorescence simple or with few
branches, the flowers subsessile; corolla 10 to 12 mm. long, pale purple or
nearly white.
3. Fouquieria fasciculata (Roem. & Schult.) Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 30: 452.
1908.
Cantua fasciculata Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 369. 1819.
Fouquieria spinosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 452. 1820.
Bronnia spinosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 84. pl. 528. 18238.
Fouquieria campanulata Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 30: 457. 19038.
Fouquieria splendens micrantha Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 9: 357. 1911.
Durango to Querétaro and Hildago; type from Puente de la Madre de Dios
(Hidalgo ?); perhaps also in Coahuila.
Shrub or tree, 4 meters high or larger; leaves oblong-obovate or spatulate,
2 to 8 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex; panicle usually narrow, the flowers
short-pedicellate; corolla red, 10 to 14 mm. long. “ Ocotillo,’ ‘ teocotillo,”
“albarda,” “ alabarda,” “barda” (Durango).
It is probably this species which, according to Altamirano, is known in
Querétaro as “chiquifia.” The pulverized seeds are used in Durango as a
remedy for toothache, and the stems for fences and sides of huts.
The species was described from fruiting material, and the inflorescence igs
described and illustrated as being corymbose-paniculate. It may be, therefore,
that the name fasciculata does not apply to the plants placed here by the
writer. Material from Hidalgo agrees with Durango specimens upon which
Fouquieria campanulata is based, and since no other species is represented in
recent collections from Hidalgo, it seems probable that the names F’. fasciculata
and F.. campanulata refer to the same species.
4. Fouquieria formosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 88. pl. 527. 1823.
Philetaeria horrida Liebm. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 2: 283. 1851.
Jalisco to Oaxaca, Morelos, and Mexico.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 831
Shrub or tree, 2 to 6 meters high or larger, much branched, with a thick
trunk, very spiny; leaves elliptic or obovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, rounded at apex;
spikes 15 cm. long or shorter; corolla bright red, about 2.5 cm. long and 7 mm.
thick. “Palo santo” (Puebla); “rosalillo” (Jalisco, Oliva).
5. Fouquieria splendens Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. Tour North. Mex. 98. 1848.
Northern Baja California to Sonora, Chihuahua, and Coahuila; probably also
in Zacatecas. Western Texas to southern California; type from Jornada del
Muerto, New Mexico.
Shrub, 2 to 6 meters high, with numerous simple slender branches rising
from the base; leaves oblanceolate to rounded-obvate, 2 to 3 em. long; panicles
5 to 20 em. long; corolla bright red (very rarely white), 2 to 2.5 em. long.
“Ocotillo”? (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Baja California, Texas, New
Mexico) ; ‘albarda”’ (Zaeatecas, Coahuila) ; “barda” (Coahuila).
In the United States the plant has been called ‘“ coachwhip,” “ vine-cactus.”
and ‘‘ Jacob’s-staff,” but the word “ ocotillo” is more generally used and is a
better name. It is sometimes corrupted into “ ocotilla”’ and “ ochotilla.”
This is one of the most common and characteristic plants of the desert re-
gions of northern Mexico and the southwestern United States, growing upon
plains and rocky hillsides. For most of the year the plants are leafless spiny
sticks, apparently dead, but in summer when rains fall they put out their
bright green leaves and, at the tip of the branch, dense masses of vivid red
flowers. The leaves soon fall. The wood is heavy and resinous. The branches
are frequently made into walking-sticks, and they are employed to make fences
or the sides of huts. If planted in the ground they often grow and form a
living hedge.
The bark contains gum, resin, and wax. Palmer reports that the flowers are
employed in Coahuila as a remedy for coughs. The Coahuilla Indians of south-
ern California eat the flowers and seed pods, and prepare a sweet beverage by
soaking the flowers in water.
6. Fouquieria macdougalii Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 30: 454. 1903.
Fouquieria jaboncillo Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 9: 356. 1911.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type locality, Torres, Sonora.
Tree, sometimes 7 meters high, the trunk 10 to 20 em. thick, short, yellowish
green, the branches brown, their spines 1 to 2 cm. long; leaves lanceolate to
broadly obovate, 2 to 4 em. long, acute to rounded at apex; panicles usually
fully as broad as long, lax; corolla bright red, 2.5 cm. long. ‘“ Palo verde,”
“ jaboncillo,” ‘“ chunari,”’ ‘“torotillo” (Sinaloa); “torote verde” (Sonora,
Sinaloa).
The bark is employed as a substitute for soap, especially in washing woolen
goods.
7. Fouquieria peninsularis Nash, Bull. Torrey Club 30; 455. 1903.
Southern Baja California and adjacent islands, Sonora, and Sinaloa, usually
near the coast; type from La Paz, Baja California.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, with very short trunk; panicles 5 to 15 cm. long,
many-flowered; corolla bright red, 2 cm. long. “Palo de Adan,” “ cirio”
(Baja California).
This grows with F. splendens in Baja California, but is distinguished from
that species by the definite trunk. It is abundant there in many places, usually
growing in sandy places. For an illustration of a plant see Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 16: pl. 120.
The plant is mentioned first by Clavigero (Historia de la California, 1789),
who writes of it as follows: “There is also another small tree bristling with
long spines, and almost always naked, for which reason the Spaniards gave it
832 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
the name of palo Addn [Adam’s tree]. When there is rain it sends forth a few
small leaves, but after a month it sheds them and remains naked all the year.”
107. CISTACEAE. Rock-rose Family.
REFERENCE: Grosser in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 193. 1903.
The only other genus represented in Mexico is Lechea, of which two species
occur. They are distinguished from Halimium by having 3 instead of 5 petals.
1. HALIMIUM Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. Il. 6: 365. 1836.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, slender; leaves alternate, narrow, entire,
estipulate ; flowers racemose, subumbellate, paniculate, or glomerate, all petalif-
erous or partly cleistogamous; sepals 5, the 3 outer ones much narrower than
the others; petals 5 in the petaliferous flowers, yellow, fugacious; stamens
numerous; fruit a glabrous capsule, 3-valvate, many-seeded.
The plants of this genus have usually been referred to Helianthemuwm, but
recent writers restrict that to certain Old World plants. ‘
Some of the United States species are known as frostweed and rock-rose.
They contain a volatile oil, tannin, and apparently a glucoside, having a bitter
and astringent taste and tonic and astringent properties. Formerly they were
employed as a remedy for diarrhea and scrofulous affections, and as a gargle
in the treatment of scarlatina.
Leaves linear, mostly 1 to 3 em. long, green. Flowers all petaliferous and
DECTCEI ates Sess Sees ct A a a ee eee 1. H. aldersonii.
Leaves broader or, if linear, less than 1 cm. long and grayish-pubescent.
Stems hirsute or pilose with long spreading hairs______ 2. H. chihuahuense.
Stems covered with a close, usually appressed, stellate pubescence.
Pedicels of the petaliferous flowers much longer than those of the
cleistogamous flowers; cleistogamous flowers sessile or nearly so.
eaves elinears 222 4 Jo es eS a ee eas 3. H.- argenteum.
Leaves oblanceolate or broader.
Sepals of the petaliferous flowers 3 to 4 mm. long; leaves covered
beneath with a dense grayish tomentum_____ 4, H. glomeratum.
Sepals of the petaliferous flowers 5 to 6 mm. long; leaves green be-
neath, with scattered stellate hairs___________ 5. H. exaltatum.
Pedicels all elongate, those of the two kinds of flowers subequal, or the
flowers sometimes all petaliferous.
Flowers subumbellate at the ends of the branches; leaves mostly 5 to
SD ES SYTUT Yad Ch es Se a eS ee Eee 6. H. coulteri.
Flowers scattered along the upper part of the branches, not umbel-
late; leaves mostly 2 to 5 mm. wide.
Leaves oblanceolate-linear, broadest at the apex; flowers probably
all péetaliferous!) 49) tise... wt pivod ep lgees Tete senaaanss
Leaves mostly oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, broadest about the
middle; flowers partly cleistogamous.
Pedicels about as long as the calyx; stems simple below, strict.
8. H. pringlei.
Pedicels usually twice as long as the calyx; stems usually branched
below, lrweakecess te bie). sek i 8h, trl eens Tenceh lee BE pees 9. H. patens.
1. Halimium aldersonii (Greene) Standl.
Helianthemum aldersonii Greene, Erythea 1: 259. 1898.
Dry hillsides, northern Baja California. Southern California, the type from
San Diego County.
Plants suffrutescent, 30 to 60 cm. high, with numerous erect branches; leaves
sessile, 1 to 2 mm. wide, obscurely stellate-puberulent but green; flowers all
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 833
on long filiform pedicels; inner sepals ovate-acuminate, 6 to 7 mm. long in
anthesis; petais 8 to 13 mm. long.
By Grosser this is considered a synonym of H. scoparium (Nutt.) Grosser,
but it appears to be fairly distinct from that (California) species in its much
larger flowers.
2. Halimium chihuahuense (S. Wats.) Grosser in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 193:
45. 1908.
Helianthemum chihuahuense S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 23: 268. 1888.
Chihuahua and Hidalgo; type from pine plains at base of the Sierra Madre,
Chihuahua.
Plants suffrutescent at base, 30 cm. high or less; leaves oblong or oblanceo-
late-oblong, 1 to 2 cm. long, obtuse or acute, ciliate and pilose; pedicels sub-
equal, shorter than the calyx; inner sepals of the petaliferous flowers in fruit
6 mm. long; petals twice as long as the sepals.
Besides the type collection, the writer has seen only a single specimen, one
collected between Somoriel and Las Lajas, Sinaloa. This represents a taller,
more strict plant, but does not appear to differ otherwise from the Chihuahua
plant. Grosser gives aS a synonym ‘“ Cistus ciliaris Moc. in sched.,” so he must
have seen at least one Mexican specimen besides the type, although he cites
no other.
38. Halimium argenteum (Hemsl.) Grosser in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 193: 47.
19038.
Helianthemum argenteum Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 20. 1879.
Region of San Luis Potosi, the type locality.
Plants much branched, suffrutescent, about 10 cm. high; leaves sessile,
crowded, acute, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, densely white-pilosulous; pedicels 1.5 mm.
long or less; inner sepals of petaliferous flowers 5 mm. long in fruit; capsule
4 mm. long.
4, Halimium glomeratum (Lag.) Grosser in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 198: 47.
1903.
Cistus glomeratus Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 16. 1816.
Trichasterophyllum hyssopifolium Link, Jahrb. Gewiichsk. 1°: 69. 1820.
Helianthemum glomeratum Lag.; DC. Prodr. 1: 269. 1824.
Helianthemum astylum Dunal; DC. Prodr. 1: 284. 1824.
Helianthemum obcordatum Dunal; DC. Prodr. 1; 284. 1824.
Taeniostemma micranthum Spach; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. 2: 289. 1836.
Heteromeris mexicana Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. Phan. 6: 104. 1838.
Sonora and Chihuahua to San Luis Potos{, Morelos, and Oaxaca; types from
Acapuleo and Zimapfin. Guatemala and Costa Rica.
Plants suffrutescent, usually 50 cm. high or less, branched above, minutely
stellate-tomentulose; leaves short-petiolate, oblanceolate-oblong or lance-spatu-
late, 1 to 3 cm. long; pedicels of petaliferous flowers often 2 to 2.5 em. long,
the flowers sometimes all cleistogamous; sepals of cleistogamous flowers 1 to
1.5 mm. long; capsules 6 mm. long in the petaliferous and 2 mm. in the cleistoga-
mous flowers. ‘ Juanita’ (San Luis Potosi, Jalisco, Valley of Mexico).
A decoction of the plants is used as a remedy for indigestion and diarrhea,
and the dried plants are commonly sold in the markets for that purpose.
This is probably Cistus mexicanus Sessé & Moc.*
5. Halimium exaltatum Rose & Standl., sp. nov.
Sinaloa and Michoacin; type from dry hills above Uruapan, Michoacin,
altitude 1,500 meters (Pringle 10409; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 463505).
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 87. 1887.
7808—23——21
834 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Erect shrub, 1 meter high or less, the stems strict, coarsely stellate-pubescent ;
leaves short-petiolate, obovate or obovate-oblong, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, 5 to 138 mm.
wide, acute or obtuse, green, sparsely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces;
flowers crowded at the ends of the branches, numerous; pedicels of the petalif-
erous flowers equaling or shorter than the sepals, the inner sepals in anthesis
5 to 6 mm. long, stellate-pilosulous, the outer sepals linear, half as long, the
petals nearly twice as long as the sepals; cleistogamous flowers sessile or sub-
sessile, smaller; capsules 4 to 4.5 mm. long, brown, glabrous.
The type collection was distributed as a new species of Helianthemum under
a specific name already employed in that genus. Pringle 13447 from Uruapan
belongs to this species.
6. Halimium coulteri (S. Wats.) Grosser in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 193: 46.
1903.
Helianthemum coulteri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 323. 1882.
San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Hidalgo, and Puebla; type from Zimapfén, Hidalgo.
Stems chiefly or wholly herbaceous, 10 to 20 cm. high, sparsely branched ;
leaves short-petiolate, elliptic, elliptic-oblong, or obovate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long,
rounded to acute at apex, minutely pale-tomentulose beneath; pedicels equalag
or longer than the calyx; inner sepals of petaliferous flowers 5 to 7 mm. long
in anthesis, 7 to 9 mm. long in fruit. ‘ Juanita” (San Luis Potosi).
This species was reported by Hemsley as Helianthemum arenicola Chapm.
7. Halimium nutans (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Helianthemum nutans T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 129. 1889.
Known only from the type locality, Llanos de San Julian, Baja California.
Slender branched shrub, densely leafy; leaves 2 to 6 mm. long, obtuse, very
minutely stellate-pubescent ; pedicels slender, recurved, longer than the calyx;
sepals in fruit 6 to 7 mm long.
8. Halimium pringlei (S. Wats.) Grosser in Eng). Pflanzenreich IV. 193: 46.
1903. -
Helianthemum pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 23: 268. 1888.
Chihuahua and Durango; type from plains at base of the Sierra Madre,
Chihuahua. Guatemala.
Plants erect, 30 to 50 em. high; leaves sessile or nearly so, oblong or oblong-
oblanceolate, 1 to 2.5 em. long, obtuse or acute, minutely stellate-tomentose ;
sepals of petaliferous flowers 6 to 8 mm. long, the petals about twice as long;
capsules of petaliferous flowers 7 mm. long.
9. Halimium patens (Hemsl.) Grosser in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 193: 46.
1908.
Helianthemum patens Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 20. 1879.
? Halimium berlandieri Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 9-10: 99. 1907.
San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, and Puebla; type from the region of San Luis
Potosi.
Plants suffrutescent at base, 10 to 25 cm. high, slender, spreading; leaves
sessile. mostly oblong or elliptic, 7 to 15 mm. long, obtuse or acute. stellate-
pubescent, green; inner sepals of petaliferous flowers 4 to 5 mm. long, the
petals nearly twice as long.
108. BIXACEAE. Arnotto Family.
1. BIXA L. Sp. Pl. 512. 1753.
The following is the only species.
1. Bixa orellana L. Sp. Pl. 512. 1753.
Sinaloa to Veracruz, Yucatan, Tabasco, and Chiapas. West Indies, Central
America, and South America.
Hy
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 835
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 9 meters high; leaves alternate, long-petiolate,
broadly ovate, mostly 8 to 20 em. long, acuminate, truncate, or rounded at base,
entire, minutely lepidote beneath; flowers perfect, in terminal panicles, pink;
sepals 5, imbricate, deciduous; petals 5, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long; fruit a capsule,
subglobose or ovoid, 2 to 3.5 em. long, covered with long spinelike bristles, or
rarely smooth; seeds numerous, with a fleshy, bright orange covering.
“Achiote” (Michoacin, Guerrero, Sinaloa, Veracruz, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Guate-
mala, Costa Rica, Colombia, Cuba, Peru, Argentina, Ecuador; from the Nahuatl
achiotl) ; “ achiotillo” (Tabasco) ; “ drnato,” “urucu” (Yuecatén) ; ‘‘ chancan-
guarica,” “pumacua” (Morelos, Ramirez); “bixa” or “bija” (Panama,
Colombia, Cuba) ; “ achuete” (Philippines, a corruption of achiote) ; ‘“‘ achote”
(Guatemala, Colombia) ; “‘ onoto ” (Colombia, Venezuela) ; “ cacicuto” (Cuba) ;
“rocou”’ (Guiana) ; “ bichet” (Carib, women) ; “ emétabi’’ (Carib, men).
The arnotto tree or shrub is one of the best known of tropical American
plants because of the yellow-red dye obtained from the fruit. This dye has long
been employed by the aborigines and is now an article of commerce, and the
plant is frequently cultivated. In order to obtain the coloring matter the seed
pods are crushed and thrown in water, whereupon it is dissolved. The liquid
is then strained, the coloring matter settles to the bottom, the water is drawn
off, and the sediment is formed into cakes, in which form the dyestuff is
shipped. Sometimes the fruits are placed in water and allowed to ferment,
during which process the dyestuff separates and settles. The dye is used for
coloring silk and cotton orange-yellow, but the color is said to be fugitive. It is
employed extensively for coloring cheese and butter, as well as oils and varnish.
Large quantities are imported into Europe and the United States, the supply
coming largely from South America. In tropical America arnotto (written also
anatto, and in various other forms) is employed for coloring food, especially
rice, and for flavoring chocolate and other articles. By the Indians it has been
and still is employed extensively for painting the face and body, partly for
ornament and partly to prevent the attacks of mosquitoes and other insects.
At an early date the plant was introduced into the Pacific islands, and the
natives there soon learned to use the dye for painting their bodies. The color-
ing properties of the dye are dependent upon two principles, bixin and orellin.
The wood is described as nearly white, porous, and very soft, with a specific
gravity of 0.399. It is of little or no use. The Indians employed it to obtain
fire by friction. The stems, crushed and thrown in water, yield a gum some-
what resembling gum arabic. The bark contains a strong fiber, from which
cordage is sometimes made.
Arnotto is much used in domestic medicine in tropical America. Astringent,
febrifuge, antidysenteric, diuretic, aphrodisiac, and other properties are
ascribed to it and it is employed for venereal diseases, erysipelas, intermittent
fevers, epilepsy, and other affections. The pulp, if applied immediately to
burns, is said to prevent the formation of blisters or scars. The leaves are
applied as poultices to relieve headache. A decoction of them is employed as
a gargle for sore throat. The seeds are said to be the best antidote for poison-
ing by yuca agria or yuca brava (Manihot).
Heckel’ states that in Madagascar, where the plant is cultivated, the Mala-
gaches who have to speak or dance in public take an infusion of the leaves to
make themselves bold and courageous. In Brazil the pulp of the seeds has been
given to bulls about to appear in the ring in order to make them more lively
and dangerous. It may be that the plant contains some excitant principle
which has not yet been investigated. ;
The specific name of the arnotto plant, orellana, was given in honor of Don
Francisco Orellana, the disloyal but famous comrade of Pizarro, and discoverer
1 Les plantes utiles de Madagascar, p. 183. 1910.
836 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
of the Amazon, who achieved one of the most remarkable explorations of maistory
in his descent of that river from its headwaters.
For an illustration of Bira orellana see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9: pl. 39.
The following interesting account of the arnotto plant is given by Oviedo
(Lib. VIII, Cap. VI), who was probably the first to describe it: “ Bira is a
wild shrub or plant, like the others I have mentioned, but like them it is
sometimes cultivated by the Indians. This plant or bira grows in Hispaniola
and the other islands and in Tierra-Firme, and its about half as high again as a
man. It has leaves like those of cotton 4nd bears capsules resembling those of
that plant, except that outside they are covered with coarse hairs and marked
with veins that indicate the interior partitions, and on the inside are red seeds,
sticky like wax or more so; and from these the Indians make balls with which
they paint their faces, mixing the dye with certain gums, and from this they
make a fine vermilion color with which they paint the face and body in such an
elegant fashion that they resemble the devil himself. The women do likewise
when they hold their feasts and dances, and the men when they wish to appear
well and when they go to war, in order to appear fierce. It is very hard to
remove the biza until many days pass, but it is astringent and they say very
comfortable, and even beneficial in this way, that when they are thus painted
if they are wounded, since the paint and the blood are of the same color, the
men are not frightened as much as they would be if they were not painted
red, but this they attribute to the virtues of the biza. The paint, besides its
evil appearance, has a disagreeable odor because of the gums and other things
mixed with it.” The plant is figured and described also by Herndndez.*
109. COCHLOSPERMACEAE. Cochlospermum Family.
The only other genus of this family in Mexico is Amoreuxia, which is repre-
sented by three species of low herbs.
1. MAXIMILIANEA Mart. Flora 2: 451. 1819.
1. Maximilianea vitifolia (Willd.) Krug & Urb. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 15: 293.
1892.
Bomba vitifolium Willd. Enum. PI. 720. 1809.
Cochlospermum hibiscoides Kunth, Syn. Pl. Aequin. 3: 214. 1824.
Cochlospermum serratifoliwm DC. Prodr. 1: 527. 1824.
Cochlospermum vitifolium Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 596. 1825.
Sonora to Veracruz, Yucatan, and Chiapas. Central America and South
America; cultivated in the West Indies and elsewhere.
Tree, 5 to 12 meters high, with red-brown branches; leaves alternate, long-
petiolate, 10 to 30 cm. wide, cordate at base, deeply and palmately 5-lobate, the
lobes acuminate, crenate-serrate, glabrate; flowers in terminal clusters, pedi-
cellate, 10 cm. broad or larger, bright yellow; sepals 5, imbricate, tomentulose,
deciduous; petals 5, emarginate; stamens numerous; fruit a 5-valvate capsule,
globose-obovoid, 7 to 8 cm. long, depressed at apex, finely velvety-pubescent,
striate-nerved ; seeds numerous, reniform, covered with long cotton-like white
hairs. ‘ Chuun,” “ chum,” “chimu” (Yucatén, Maya); “cocito’’ (Chiapas) ;
“rosa amarilla” (Sinaloa); “‘apompo,” ‘“ pongolote,” ‘“ pochote,’” ‘‘cojén de
toro”? (Oaxaca); “madera de pasta” (Veracruz, Ramirez) ; “ tecomaxochitl ”
(Nahuatl); “‘palo amarillo,” “palo de rosa amarilla’” (Durango); ‘“ quie-
riga,” “ quie-quega,” “ huarumbo,” “flor izquierda” (Chiapas and Oaxaca,
Sie “panaco” (Guerrero); “bomb6én,” “ catamericuche” (Nicaragua) ;
poré6-poré”” (Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia); ‘‘ tecomastchil ”
(Chiapas, Guatemala) ; “ tecomasuche” (Guatemala); “botulo” (Ecuador) ;
*Thesaurus 74. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 837
“ carnestolendas ” (Colombia, Venezuela) ; ‘“ bototo,” ‘ fiechero,” “ batabana ”
(Colombia) ; “ botija’’ (Cuba).
When in flower this is one of the most showy of Mexican plants. The trees
are usually quite leafless when they flower, but they are one great mass of
showy yellow blossoms. The branches take root readily when stuck in the
ground, and they are often planted to form hedges. The bark contains a fiber
which is used locally for cordage. A decoction of the wood or leaves is a popu-
lar cure for jaundice, and the flowers are employed as a remedy for chest
affections. The wood is soft and brittle.
110. VIOLACEAE. Violet Family.
(Contributed by S. F. Blake.)
Herbs or shrubs, sometimes scandent; leaves usually alternate, stipulate,
entire or toothed; flowers variously arranged, regular or irregular; sepals 5;
petals 5; stamens 5, the connectives (in ours) dilated and produced beyond the
anther cells; ovary 1-celled, with 8 parietal placentae; ovules solitary to
numerous; fruit (in ours) a 3-valved capsule.
lowerspetalespurred=——— - at. Sea eee eee 1. CORYNOSTYLIS.
Lower petal not spurred.
Corolla somewhat irregular; stamens united__-__________ 2. HYBANTHUS.
Corolla-reculat. Stamens ree oom Serle 2 ee ee Ee 3. RINOREA.
1. CORYNOSTYLIS Mart. & Zucc. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 25. 1823.
1. Corynostylis arborea (L.) Blake.
Viola arborea L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1239. 1759.
Viola hybanthus L. Sp. PL ed. 2. 13828. 1763.
Corynostylis hybanthus Mart. & Zuce. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 26, 1823.
Calyptrion berterii Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1: 289. 1824.
Calyptrion berterii B. mexicanum Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1: 289. 1824.
Corynostylis berterii Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 805. 1825.
Veracruz to Yucatin. Guatemala to South America; type from Venezuela.
“ Scandent” shrub; leaves alternate, oval to elliptic-ovate, 5 to 9 cm. long,
crenulate, firm, glabrous; petioles 6 mm. long; racemes terminal, leafy-bracted,
the pedicels very slender, 3 to 4 cm. long; flowers whitish, strongly zygomorphic ;
lip with strongly dilated tip, the stout blunt spur about 1.8 em. long, longi-
tudinally half-twisted; capsule woody, many-seeded, the seeds subquadrate,
compressed.
The root is used as an emetic in South America.
2. HYBANTHUS Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 2. 1760.
Slender shrubs with whitish bark, often with spinescent branchlets; leaves
alternate, often fascicled; flowers somewhat irregular, the lower petal larger
than the others and more or less saccate at base; sepals subequal; dilated
connectives of the anthers connate below; capsule 3-valved, 3-seeded.
Fascicles of flowers not pedunculate; connective appendages acuminate.
1. H. mexicanus.
Fascicles of flowers pedunculate; connective appendages rounded.
2. H. yucatanensis.
1. Hybanthus mexicanus Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1: 312. 1824.
Alsodeia parvifolia S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 25: 142. 1890.
San Luis Potos{; apparently also in the Cape Region, Baja California.
Leaves alternate, oblanceolate or rhombic-oblanceolate, frenate-serrate, 1.5
to 7 em. long, long-cuneate at base, essentially glabrous; flowers whitish,
about 2.5 mm. long, in few-flowered axillary clusters, on pedicels about 3 mm.
long; capsule 4 mm. long.
838 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Hybanthus yucatanensis Millsp. Field Mus. Bot, 1: 404. 1898.
Known only from the type locality, Izamal, Yucatan.
Shrub, about 2.5 meters high; leaves alternate or fascicled, the blades
rhombic or rhombic-lanceolate, 2.5 to 3 em. long, crenate-serrulate, glabrous;
peduncles axillary, 1 em. long, at apex bifurcate and bearing about 15 fascicled
flowers; keel petal about 2.5 mm. long, with dilated apex.
3. RINOREA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 235. 1775.
Shrubs or trees; leaves (in ours) opposite; stipules small, deciduous;
flowers regular, in axillary racemes (in ours); Sepals 5, equal; petals 5,
lance-ovate, recurved at apex; stamens 5, free, the connectives dilated into
a scale exceeding the anthers; fruit a capsule, in ours 3-seeded.
Anther cells not appendaged at apex; connective scales subentire.
1. R. pilosula.
Anther cells appendaged at apex; connective scales coarsely erose.
2. R. guatemalensis.
1. Rinora pilosula Blake, sp. nov.
Type from San Juan Bautista, Tabasco (Rovirosa 100; U. S. Nat. Herb.
no. 40190).
Pilosulous shrub, glabrate; leaf blades oval or obovate-oval, 7.5 to 11.5
em. long, crenate or crenate-serrulate, nearly glabrous; petioles pilosulous, 6
mm. long; racemes rufidulous-pilosulous, 8 cm. long; petals 5 mm. long.
2. Rinorea guatemalensis (S. Wats.) Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 56. 1907.
Alsodeia guatemalensis S, Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 458. 1886.
Oaxaca. Guatemala and Honduras; type from Ri6 Chocén, Guatemala.
Branches puberulous, glabrate; leaf blades oval to elliptic-oblong, 7 to 14.5
cm. long, subentire; petals 5.5 mm. long; capsule 13 to 19 mm. long.
DOUBTFUL GENUS.
SCHWEIGGERIA MEXICANA Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 204. 1838. Described by
Schlechtendal from specimens in Lehmann’s herbarium said to be from Mexico.
The genus is not definitely known outside of Brazil, and it is probable that
the specimens seen by Schlechtendal were erroneously labeled.
111. FLACOURTIACEAE. Flacourtia Family.
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, entire or toothed, com-
monly distichous, frequently pellucid-punctate; flowers usually perfect, some-
times unisexual, mostly small and inconspicuous; sepals free or united, im-
bricate or valvate; petals free, as many as the sepals or more numerous, often
absent; stamens usually numerous, distinct or united; fruits usually baccate
or capsular, containing 1 to many seeds.
Petals present.
Stamens in fascicles opposite the petals. Flowers racemose__1. HOMALIUM.,
Stamens distinct or nearly so, not fasciculate.
Fruit covered with long spinelike bristles____________________ 2. ONCOBA.
Fruit not bristly.
Ovary at anthesis 1-celled. Seeds numerous____--________ 3. BANARA.
Ovary at anthesis 3 to 5-celled.
Fruit usually 1-seeded ; flowers in panicles___________ 4. HASSELTIA.
Fruit many-seeded; flowers fasciculate or umbellate at ends of
[OLR SG Cle See eee eee ees eee eee Ae ene ote ele) ee sere 6. PROCKIA.
Petals none. °
Flowers terminal; sepals valvate.
Flowers racemose; stamens 7 to 9 aes Mat ie Sa Td A 5. LUNANTIA.
Flowers fasciculate or umbellate; stamens numerous________ 6. PROCKTA.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 839
Flowers axillary or lateral; sepals imbricate.
Disk of the flower without staminodia-like appendages.
Plants armed with spines; stamens hypogynous, the filaments free or
LUIS arg SO eee eee re a eee 7. MYROXYLON.
Plants unarmed ; stamens perigynous, the filaments united to form a tube.
8. SAMYDA.
Disk with staminodia-like appendages.
Stylemone istamensis0 On morel=——-- =e ee 9. ZUELANTA.
Stylevevident;"stamens| G)to.22- 2425 ee 10. CASEARTIA.
1. HOMALIUM Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 5. 1760.
REFERENCE: Blake, The genus Homaliwm in America, Contr. U. S, Nat. Herb.
20: 221-235. 1919.
Shrubs or trees; leaves short-petiolate, crenate, coriaceous; flowers in axil-
lary spikes or racemes; calyx tube turbinate, connate with base of ovary, the
limb 6 or 7-lobate; petals 6 or 7, linear-oblong, persistent; stamens in fascicles
opposite the petals; fruit a capsule, 2 to 5-valvate at apex.
Leaves pilosulous beneath over the whole surface__________ 1. H. mollicellum.
Leaves barbate beneath along the costa, otherwise glabrous.
2. H. trichostemon.
1. Homalium mollicellum Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 226. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Coquillo, Guerrero.
Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 5.5 to 9.5 em. long, short-pointed, rounded at
base, crenate, puberulous above; racemes 7 to 9.5 em. long; calyx tomentulose;
corolla in fruit 12 mm. wide; stamens 4 to 7 in a fascicle, the filaments pilose.
2. Homalium trichostemon Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser, 53: 60. 1918.
Michoacin to Oaxaca; type from Cafetal Montecristo, Pochutla, Oaxaca,
altitude 800 meters.
Tree, 12 meters high; leaves elliptic or oval, 6 to 11.5 em. long, obtuse or
acute, cuneate or rounded at base, crenate-serrate; racemes 6 to 7 cm. long; calyx
grayish-puberulous; corolla 11 to 13 mm. wide; stamens in fascicles of 5 to 7,
the filaments pilose. ‘‘ Palo de piedra” (Oaxaca).
DOUBTFUL SPECIBS.
HoMALIUM SENARIUM Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 2: 54. 1825. Described from
Mexico; probably the oldest name for H. trichostemon.
2. ONCOBA Forsk. Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 103. 1775.
1. Oncoba laurina (Presl) Warb. in Engl, & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 19. 1894.
Lindackeria laurina Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 89. pl. 65. 1886.
Mayna laurina Benth. Journ. Linn. Soe. Bot. 5: Suppl. 81. 1861,
Originally described from western Mexico, but not since collected there;
it is not improbable that the type came from Panama. Costa Rica, Panama,
and Colombia.
Tree, 12 to 15 meters high, the trunk 30 to 35 em. in diameter, the crown
pyramidal; bark gray; leaves long-petiolate, lance-oblong or ovate-oblong,
12 to 30 cm. long, cuspidate-acuminate, entire, glabrous or nearly so; in-
florescence terminal, racemose-paniculate; sepals 5, 7 mm. long; petals 5,
1 em. long, white; stamens numerous; fruit globose, about 1 cm. in diameter,
covered with long spinelike bristles, tardily dehiscent ; seeds 1 to 4.
3. BANARA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 547. 1775.
1. Banara dioica Benth. Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: Suppl. 94. 1862.
Veracruz.
Leaves elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, 5 to 7.5 em. long, acuminate, remotely
dentate, 3-nerved, subcoriaceous, glabrous or beneath pubescent; flowers dioe-
840 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
cious, 2 to 4 in a short raceme, the racemes terminal, shorter than the leaves,
tomentose; pedicels 6 to 8 mm. long; sepals 3, valvate, ovate, 4 mm. long,
tomentose; petals longer than the sepals, glabrate outside, sericeous-tomentose
within; stamens very numerous.
Known to the writer only by the original description.
4. HASSELTIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 231. 1825.
One or two other species occur in Central America, and others are found
in South America.
1. Hasseltia mexicana (A. Gray) Standl.
Banara mexicana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, 5: 174. 1862.
Hasseltia pyramidalis Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 4. 1878.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Chiapas; type from Chiapas. Honduras.
Shrub or small tree, 4 to 6 meters high; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate
to oblong-elliptic, 7 to 15 em. long, abruptly short-acuminate, obtuse at base and
with 2 large glands at summit of petiole, remotely serrulate, 3-nerved, glabrous;
flowers white, in loose pyramidal terminal panicles; sepals 4 or 5, tomentulose,
about 4 mm. long; petals 4 or 5, resembling the petals and of the same length;
fruit subglobose, 5 to 6 mm. long, indehiscent, tomentulose, usually 1-seeded.
5. LUNANIA Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 317. 1844.
The other species are West Indian and South American.
1. Lunania mexicana T. §. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot, 6: 56. 1914.
Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Finca Irlanda, Chiapas.
Branches slender, flexuous, puberulent at first; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-
lanceolate, 7 to 12 em. long, cuspidate-acuminate, entire or nearly so, rounded
or obtuse at base and 3-nerved, thin, barbate beneath at base, otherwise
glabrous; flowers small, in terminal racemes, these 5 to 10 cm. long; calyx
separating into 2 reflexed segments; petals none; stamens 7 to 9; ovary
1-celled, puberulent.
6. PROCKTA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1074, 1759.
1. Prockia crucis L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1074. 1759.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Veracruz and Chiapas. West Indies, Central America,
and South America.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 10 meters high; sepals large and foliaceous; leaves alter-
nate, slender-petiolate, broadly ovate, elliptic, or rounded-ovate, 3 to 12 cm.
long or larger, acute or acuminate, serrate, thin, pilosulous or glabrate; pedi-
cels slender, terminal, fasciculate or short-racemose; sepals 3 or 4, valvate,
persistent, reflexed, tomentose within; petals usually abortive or absent; sta-
mens very numerous, yellow; fruit baccate, 3 to 5-celled, subglobose, about
G mm. in diameter, black at maturity, sparsely pilose. ‘‘ Huesito”’ (Colombia) ;
“ suacimilla,’” “‘ guicima de costa” (Cuba).
7. MYROXYLON Forst. Char. Gen. Pl, 125. 1776.
Trees or shrubs, armed with long spines, the spines of the trunk commonly
branched; leaves short-petiolate, crenate or serrate, with reticulate venation;
flowers usually dioecious, minute, fasciculate in the axils or short-racemose;
sepals 4 or 5, imbricate; petals none; stamens numerous; fruit baccate, indehis-
cent, 2 to 8-seeded. ;
It is difficult to find characters by which to separate the species, and it is
evident that altogether too many species have been described from Mexico. The
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 841
flowers, in particular, seem to be remarkably uniform in their structure. The
leaves, however, are unusually variable in form.
Leaves velutinous-pilosulous beneath_______-___________ 1. M. velutinum.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Pedicels glabrous.
Sepals glabrous on the outer surface, ciliate___-__-_____ 2. M. celastrinum.
Sepals minutely pubescent on the outer surface or, if glabrous, not ciliate.
3. M. fliexuosum.
Pedicels puberulent or pilosulous.
Redicels? tasciculates 22 22 = seh ee Se aan 4, M. ellipticum.
Pedicels*short-racemose. = Sine nes bento 5. M. horridum.
1. Myroxylon velutinum (Tulasne) Warb. in Engl. & Prantl. Pflanzenfam. 3°:
41. 1893.
Flacourtia velutina Tulasne, Ann. Sci. Nat, III. 7: 295. 1847.
Xylosma velutinum Triana & Karst.; Karst. Fl. Columb. 1: 128. pl. 97. 1858.
Sinaloa to Jalisco and Veracruz. Central America and Colombia; type from
Colombia.
Shrub about 3.5 meters high, armed with slender spines; leaves mostly
elliptic, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, 2 to 4 ecm. wide, obtuse or rounded at apex, acute or
obtuse at base, pilosulous on both surfaces but often glabrate above, crenate-
serrate; pedicels fasciculate, pilosulous; fruit glabrous, black, 7 mm. long.
2. Myroxylon celastrinum (H. B. K.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl, 1: 44. 1891.
Flacourtia celastrina H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 239. 1825.
Prockia obovata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 94, 1836.
Xylosma palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 303. pl. 26. 1895.
Colima and Guerrero; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Very spiny shrub or tree; leaves elliptic, rhombic-ovate, or cuneate-obovate,
3 to 5 em. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, obtuse to short-acuminate, coarsely crenate
or crenate-serrate, lustrous, coriaceous, turning dark when dry; flowers fascicu-
late, short-pedicellate; fruit subglobose, 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, red or black,
containing 2 to 4 seeds, glabrous.
This species was referred by Hemsley incorrectly to Xylosma nitidum
(Hellen.) A. Gray.
8. Myroxylon flexuosum (H. B. K.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 44. 1891.
Flacourtia fleruosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 7: 239. 1825.
Hisingera cinerea Clos, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 8: 223. 1857.
Hisingera paliurus Clos, Ann. Sci. Nat. IV. 8: 227. 1857.
Xylosma lanceolatum Turez. Bull. Soc. Mat. Moscou 36?*: 553. 1863.
Xylosma cinereum Hemsl, Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 57. 1879.
Xylosma fleruosum Hemsl. Biol. Centr, Amer. Bot. 1:57. 1879.
Xylosma pringlet Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 164. 1891.
Tepic to Nuevo Leén, Veracruz, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Guatemala.
Spiny shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high, nearly glabrous throughout ;
leaves elliptic-oblong to elliptic-ovate or obovate, 2.5 to 6 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 cm.
wide, obtuse to acuminate, acute to rounded at base, coriaceous, serrate or
subentire; flowers fasciculate, the pedicels 1.5 to 5 mm. long; fruit red, sub-
globose, 5 to 6 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Manzanillo” (Veracruz); “ coronilla”
(Oaxaca) ; ‘‘ huichichiltemel ” (San Lois Potosi, Seler).
Seler reports that in San Luis Potosi the plant is employed as a remedy for
tuberculosis.
The specimens referred here by the writer are variable in shape of leaves
and length of pedicels, but no reliable characters have been found by which
any of the several proposed segregates can be recognized.
842 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Myroxylon ellipticum (Clos) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 44. 1891.
Hisingera elliptica Clos, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1V. 8: 226. 1857.
Xylosma ellipticum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 57. 1879.
Guerrero to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central
America.
Shrub or tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high; leaves elliptic, rounded-elliptic, or ellip-
tic-obovate, 3 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 4.5 em. wide, rounded to subacute at apex,
acute to yery obtuse at base, crenate-serrate, coriaceous, usually lustrous;
flowers yellow or reddish, on short or elongate pedicels; fruit red, glabrous,
5 to 6 mm. in diameter.
5. Myroxylon horridum (Rose) Standl,
Xylosma horridum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 303. 1895.
Michoacin and Colima to Oaxaca; type from Manzanillo, Colima.
Tree, 5 to 9 meters high, the trunk sometimes 20 cm. in diameter; spines of
the trunk often § to 15 em. long, branched; leaves oval, elliptic, or rounded,
4.5 to § em. long, 3 to 5 em. wide, obtuse or rounded at apex and base, coriaceous,
lustrous, crenate; flowers greenish white; fruit globose. ‘‘Corona santa,”
“malacate”” (Oaxaca).
8 SAMYDA L. Sp. Pl. 443. 1753.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves deciduous, short-petiolate, entire or serrulate,
pellucid-punctulate; flowers axillary, solitary or fasciculate; calyx tube tubular-
campanulate, the lobes 4 to 6, unequal, imbricate; petals none; stamens 8 to 13,
inserted in the upper part of the calyx tube, the filaments connate into a tube;
fruit globose, fleshy-coriaceous, 3 to 5-valvate at apex, many-seeded.
Flowers long-pedicellate; leaves rounded or obtuse at base____1. S. mexicana.
Flowers sessile or subsessile; leaves acute or attenuate at base.
2. S. yucatanensis.
1. Samyda mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 199. 1899.
Colima and Guerrero; type from Acapulco.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves oval or oblong-oval, 3 to 7 cm. long,
obtuse or acute, serrulate, when young densely pilosulous above and tomentose
beneath; calyx white, densely pilosulous, about 12 mm. long, the lobes 4 or 5,
shorter than the tube, rounded at apex.
2. Samyda yucatanensis Standl., sp. nov.
Yucatin (type collected by Schott, no. 603; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 1,073,356).
Tree, 7.5 to 12 meters high; leaves (immature) short-petiolate, obovate,
cuneate-obovate, or oval, rounded at apex or obtuse, attenuate at base or
rarely obtuse, thin, entire or obscurely and remotely serrulate, densely pilosu-
lous or beneath tomentose; flowers sessile, pilosulous; calyx tube 7 mm. long,
the 4 or 5 lobes 1 cm. long, oval-oblong, rounded at apex; stamen tube 8 to 4
mm. long; fruit subglobose, 12 mm. in diameter, on a very short thick pedicel.
“Puus mucuy,” “aguja de tértola.”
The Yucatén specimens have been referred to S. serrulata L. (=S. dode-
candra Jacq.) and to S. rosea Sims, both of which are West Indian species.
The Mexican specimens are imperfect, but in leaf characters they are so unlike
the specimens of those species examined that it seems safe to describe them
as new.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
SaMypa MAcROcARPA DC. Prodr. 2: 48. 1825. Described from Mexico, the
description based upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s plates.”
SAMYDA RUBRA DC. Prodr. 2: 48. 1825, This also was based upon one of
Sessé and Mocifio’s plates.” The generic position of both plants is doubtful.
*DC. Calg. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 183. 7 DC. Calg. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 182.
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 843
9. ZUELANIA A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 10: 33. 1845.
The two other species of the genus are West Indian.
1. Zuelania roussoviae Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 163. pl. 79. 1916.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz and Yucatan. Panama, the type col-
lected between Rio Grande and Pedro Vidal, Canal Zone.
Tree, 10 to 25 meters high, the trunk 30 to 50 cm. in diameter, the crown
rounded, or sometimes only a shrub; bark gray and rough; leaves deciduous,
short-petiolate, oblong to oblong-oval, 7 to 12 cm. long, acute or obtuse, rounded
at base, pellucid-punctate, becoming glabrate above, beneath densely pilosulous
or tomentose; pedicels in dense lateral clusters, 10 to 14 mm. long; sepals 5,
5 to 7 mm. long, thin, greenish white; stamens about 32; disk with as many
staminodia-like appendages as stamens; fruit a baccate capsule, subglobose,
shallowly 3-sulcate, about 3.5 cm. in diameter, yellowish green, opening at the
apex by 3 valves; seeds numerous. ‘“ Volatin” (San Luis Potosi).
The wood is said to contain an abundant transparent odorless resin. This
species is closely related to Z. laetioides A. Rich., of the West Indies, but is
distinct in the dense pubescence of the leaves. Pittier states that it is distin-
guished ‘by the obtuse and versatile anthers and the hairy, clavate pseudo-
staminodes.” 'The anthers, however, are exactly alike in both species, and in
Z. roussoviae the disk appendages are either hairy or glabrous.
10. CASEARIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 4. 1760.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, usually distichous, entire or serrate, com-
monly pellucid-punctate, persistent or deciduous; flowers perfect, fasciculate,
umbellate, or corymbose-paniculate, lateral, small, the pedicels articulate;
calyx 4 to 7-lobate, the tube short; petals none; stamens 6 to 25; disk with
staminodia-like appendages, these as numerous as the stamens; fruit a dry of
fleshy capsule, 3 or 4-valvate; seeds covered by a fleshy aril.
The aril surrounding the seeds is edible; and the fruit is said to have laxa-
tive properties. The name “capulincillo” is reported for a Mexican species
which has not been identified.
Stamens 20 to 22: sepals'5 to’ (,*elabrous22-) 2-4 2t 2a se 13. C. spiralis.
Stamens 6 to 15; sepals 5.
Inflorescence sessile, the pedicels fasciculate.
eaves entire OF practically sos. 222i 4 see SSS 1. C. sylvestris,
Leaves serrate or crenate.
Leaves sharply, closely, and rather finely serrate______--__ 2. C. arguta.
Leaves sinuately and remotely serrate.
Leaves lustrous on the lower surface, oblong or narrowly elliptic-oblong,
mostly 10 to 15 em. long, glabrous, acuminate____3. C. javitensis.
Leaves dull beneath, mostly obovate-elliptic, 5 to 10 cm. long, usually
pilosulous, obtuse, or very obtusely short-acuminate.
Leaves rounded or truncate-rounded at base__--__~_ 4. C. platyphylia.
Leaves mostly cuneate at base.
Pubescence of the stems and leaves sparse, appressed, the leaves
Nearly laprOUSs S82 - een = Ne ee eee 5. C. guianensis.
Pubescence of the stems and leaves dense, spreading, the leaves
densely velutinous-pilosulous beneath_-----~-- 6. C. obovata.
Inflorescence pedunculate, corymbose-paniculate.
Pedicels glabrous or with a few scattered inconspicuous hairs; outer
sepals cfliate, glabrous on the outer surface______---~- 7. C. laevis.
Pedicels and sepals. densely puberulent or pilosulous.
Leaves glabrous beneath at maturity but often barbate along the costa,
when young often pilosulous beneath.
844 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves obovate-oblong, broadest above the middle.
12. C. dolichophylla.
Leaves lanceolate to elliptic, broadest at or below the middle.
Leaves mostly elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or ovate-elliptic, usually 2,5 to
oo eM. Wide:2. 2. BUR Rises. ay bles tae 8. C. nitida.
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1 to 2.5 em. wide.
Leaves lanceolate, 6 to 8 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide.
9. C. orizabana.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 6 to 7 cm. long, 1 to 1.4 cm. wide.
10. C. lindeniana.
Leaves densely pilosulous beneath even at maturity.
Leaves oblong, of nearly equal width throughout, rounded at apex.
11. C. pringlei.
Leaves obovate-oblong or elliptic-obovate, broadest above the middle,
acute to) rounded tat apexe+——. = Sues ah 12. C. dolichophylla.
1. Casearia sylvestris Swartz, Il. Ind. Occ. 2: 752. 1800.
Samyda parviflora L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1025. 1759. Not S. parviflora Loefl.
1758.
Casearia parviflora Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 627. 1799.
Tepic to Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies, Central America, and South
America.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 20 meters high, with slender branches; leaves short-
petiolate, lanceolate or lance-oblong, 6 to 10 em. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, acuminate,
glabrous or nearly so, usually quite entire, thin, densely pellucid-punctate;
flowers greenish white, numerous in each umbel, the pedicels 2 to 4 mm. long;
sepals 1.5 to 2 mm. long; stigma 3-lobate; stamens 10; fruit globose-obovoid,
3 to 4 mm. long, 2 to 6-seeded. ‘“ Guayabillo’ (Oaxaca) ; ‘“ comida de culebra ”
(Nicaragua) ; “ cafeillo cimarrén,” ‘‘ laurel espada’” (Porto Rico); “sarna de
perro ”’ (Cuba, Porto Rico) ; “ rompe-hueso,” “ sarnilla” (Cuba).
The wood is said to be hard, compact, heavy, and pale yellow, and to be
used in Cuba for carpenter work.
2. Casearia arguta H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 864. 1821.
Tepic and Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from La Venta del Exido. Central America
and Colombia.
Shrub or tree, 4 to 5 meters high or larger; leaves short-petiolate, oblong,
lance-oblong, or oblong-elliptic, 7 to 15 em. long, acuminate, sharply serrate,
pilosulous beneath or glabrate, sparsely punctate; flowers greenish white,
densely fasciculate, the pedicels 2 to 4 mm. long; sepals narrow, sometimes 5
mm. long; stamens usually 8; stigma entire; fruit globose, nearly 2 cm. in
diameter at maturity. “ Palo Maria,” “‘ raspa-lengua’”’ (Costa Rica) ; ‘‘ guaya-
billo”” (Guatemala).
3. Casearia javitensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 366. pl. 479. 1825,
Tabasco and Oaxaca. Costa Rica and northern South America.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 20 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oblong or
elliptic-oblong, 8 to 20 cm. long, acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous, opaque, very
lustrous on both surfaces; flowers densely fasciculate, the pedicels 3 to 7 mm.
long; calyx lobes oblong, 3 to 4 mm. long; stamens 10 to 15; stigma trifid;
capsule ovoid, about 1 cm. long, thin-walled. ‘‘ Pochitoquillo”’ (Tabasco).
4. Casearia platyphylla Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 2: 68. 1898,
Described from Mexico, the exact locality not known.
Leaves very broadly ovate, 4 to 5 em. long and 4 to 4.5 em. wide, obtuse or
acute, undulate or subentire, coriaceous, lustrous above, glabrous or nearly so;
pedicels 2 to 3 mm. long; calyx 4 to 6 mm. long; stamens 10; stigma entire.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 845
5. Casearia guianensis (Aubl.) Urban, Symb. Antill. 8: 822. 1902.
Iroucana guianensis Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 329. pl. 127. 1775.
Casearia ramiflora Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 50. 1791.
Veracruz. West Indies, Panama, and South America.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 10 meters high; leaves broadly obovate or oblong-obovate,
6 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 5 em. wide, obtuse, shallowly and remotely crenate-serrate,
thick, in age nearly glabrous; flowers 10 or fewer in each fascicle, the pedicels
8 to 6 mm. long; sepals about 4 mm. long; stamens usually 8; stigma entire;
capsule 6 to 12 mm. long. ‘ Cafeillo,” ‘“ cafetillo,” “palo blanco” (Porto Rico).
6. Casearia obovata Schlecht, Linnaea 13: 434. 1839.
Casearia dentata DC. Prodr. 2: 51. 1825. —
Sinaloa, Tepic, and Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Ordufia, Veracruz.
Shrub or small tree; leaves short-petiolate, obovate-elliptic, 5 to 9.5 em. long,
obtuse or abruptly short-pointed, sinuate-serrulate, coriaceous, densely pilosu-
lous beneath, pilosulous above along the nerves; fascicles few or many-flowered ;
calyx 3 mm. long; stamens usually 8; stigma entire; fruit globose, 8 mm. in
diameter.
Closely related to C. guianensis and perhaps not distinct. Another closely
related species is C. aculeata Jacq. (C. spinosa Willd.; C. hirta Swartz), which
has been reported from southern Mexico. It is a thorny shrub, of which the
writer has seen no Mexican specimens.
7. Casearia laevis Standl., sp. nov.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Mazatlan, Sinaloa (Rose, Standley & Russell
14154; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 687012). Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, mostly elliptic
or obovate-elliptic, usually broadest above the middle, 4 to 6.5 cm. long, 2 to
3.5 em. wide, obtuse or rounded at apex, rarely acute, rounded or obtuse at base
and very unequal, crenate-serrulate, thin, densely punctate, sparsely barbate
beneath along the costa, otherwise glabrous; infloresence corymbose, few-flow-
ered, slender-pedunculate, the flowers on slender glabrous pedicels ; sepals 4 mm.
long, oblong-obovate, obtuse, the outer ones glabrous and ciliate, the inner ones
very minutely tomentulose; stamens usually 8, the filaments sparsely pubescent
or glabrous; disk appendages ligulate, half as long as the filaments, placed
between the stamens, hairy; stigma entire; fruit globose-obovoid, 12 mm. long,
glabrous; seeds usually 2. ‘‘ Palo de piedra corteno” (Oaxaca).
Besides the type, the following collections are to be referred here: Nelson
4308, Langlassé 949, Rose 1418, and Palmer 417, from Mexico; J. D. Smith 2818
and 2007, from Guatemala.
8. Casearia nitida (L.) Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 21. 1760.
Samyda nitida L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1025. 1759.
Casearia corymbosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 366. 1821.
? Casearia dubia DC. Prodr. 2: 51. 1825.
Tepic to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatfin, and Oaxaca. West Indies, Central
America, and northern South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 4.5 meters high or larger, with whitish branches;
leaves short-petiolate, 4 to 7.5 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, rarely
obtuse, rounded to acute at base, serrulate or subentire, thin, densely punctate,
barbate beneath along the costa but otherwise glabrous at maturity, when
young often pilosulous beneath; corymbs few or many-flowered, the flowers
on short or elongate pedicels, greenish white; sepals 3 to 4 mm. long, stamens
usually 8; stigma entire; fruit obovoid or ellipsoid, 8 mm. long or larger.
“ Cafetillo”’ (Veracruz, Tabasco); ‘‘ vara blanca” (Guatemala, Honduras) ;
“ cerillo”’ (Costa Rica) ; ‘comida de culebra,” ‘“ cerillos” (Nicaragua).
846 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. Casearia orizabana Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 2: 67. 1898.
Type from Orizaba, Veracruz.
Shrub; leaves lanceolate, long-acuminate, densely punctate, serrulate, barbate
beneath along the costa but otherwise glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence
densely pubescent; calyx 2.8 mm. long; stamens 8, the filaments glabrous;
stigma entire; capsule ellipsoid, 7 to 8 mm. long, glabrate.
10. Casearia lindeniana Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 2: 67. 1898.
Known only from the type locality, Rio Teapa, Tabasco.
Small shrub; leaves narrowly lanceolate, long-acuminate, densely pellucid-
punctate, serrulate, puberulent on the nerves near the base but otherwise
glabrous; inflorescence minutely puberulent; calyx 3 mm. long; stamens 8;
stigma entire.
11. Casearia pringlei Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 2: 65. 1898.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Guerrero; type from barranca near Guadalajara,
Jalisco.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high or larger; leaves 4.5 to ¥ em. long, short-petiolate,
rounded or subcordate at base, minutely serrulate, densely pilosulous beneath,
the venation reticulate and very prominent, densely punctate; corymbs few
or many-flowered, densely pubescent; flowers greenish yellow; calyx about
4 mm. long; stamens 8; stigma entire; fruit ovoid, 1 to 1.5 em. long, glabrate;
seeds usually 2, with a red aril. ‘“ Crementinillo” (Michoacin, Guerrero,
Langlassé) ; “ciruela” (Jalisco).
The aril surrounding the seeds is edible and is said to be of excellent flavor.
12. Casearia dolichophylla Standl., sp, nov.
Sinaloa to Chiapas; type from Picacho, Oaxaca (Purpus 7447; U. S. Nat.
Herb. no. 877536). Nicaragua.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, usually
obovate-oblong or elliptic-obovate, 5.5 to 10.5 cm. long, 2.5 to 4 ecm. wide,
obtuse or rounded at apex, rarely acute, narrowed to the base, this acute to
subcordate, serrulate or subentire, thin, densely pellucid-punctate, densely
pilosulous beneath (and sometimes also above), rarely glabrate; inflorescences
few-flowered, short-pedunculate, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, minutely pilosulous; calyx
4 mm. long, the lobes tomentulose outside; stamens 8, the filaments pilose;
appendages of the disk ligulate, placed between the stamens, less than half
as long as the filaments, pilose; stigma entire; fruit ellipsoid, 1 to 1.5 cm.
long, glabrate, subterete, yellow or reddish; seeds about 4, surrounded by a
red aril. ‘‘ Chilillo” (Sinaloa).
The writer has referred here a large number of specimens, all of which
may not be conspecific. On the other hand, he is not altogether confident of
the segregates of C. nitida here proposed, or of those described by Briquet.
Some of the specimens referred to C. dolichophylla have glabrous leaves, but
they do not appear to differ otherwise from the typical form.
In Sinaloa the young branches are much used for making bird cages.
13. Casearia spiralis Johnston, Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 691. 1905.
Casearia bonairensis Boldingh, Fl. Dutch W. Ind. 2: 68. 1914.
Laetia glabra T. S. Brandeg, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 369. 1917.
Oaxaca. Curacao, Venezuela, and Colombia; type from Margarita Island,
Venezuela.
Shrub or small tree; leaves slender-petiolate, oblong-elliptic to elliptic or
oval, 5 to 14 em. long, acute or acuminate, crenate or subentire, thin, densely
pellucid-punctate, glabrous; flowers few or numerous, glabrous, fasciculate, on
long slender pedicels; sepals 5 to 6 mm, long, reflexed, very thin; stamens usu-
ally 20; stigma entire; fruit globose, 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter, glabrous.
———
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 847
It seems remarkable that there should be no earlier name for a plant of so
wide distribution, but the writer has been unable to find one. This species
differs in several respects from the other American representatives of the
genus and may belong to a distinct genus.
DOUBTFUL GENERA.
AZARA UMBELLATA Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 92. 1886. Type from the west coast
of Mexico. The plant is probably not of this genus, but the writer has been un-
able to place it among any of the Flacourtiaceae represented in recent Mexican
collections.
112. TURNERACEAE. Turnera Family.
REFERENCE: Urban, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 1-152. 1883.
Herbs, shrubs, or trees; leaves alternate, petiolate, simple, toothed, often
biglandular at base; stipules small or none; flowers axillary, solitary or fascicu-
late, often bibracteolate, perfect ; calyx 5-lobate, deciduous, the lobes imbricate;
petals 5, inserted in the throat of the calyx tube; stamens 5, inserted on the
calyx tube, the filaments free; styles 3; fruit a 1-celled 3-valvate capsule, many-
seeded.
The genus Piriqueta is represented in Mexico by one herbaceous species.
Calyx lobes nearly free; flowers about 8 cm. long; petals appendaged.
1. ERBLICHIA.
Calyx lobes united for about half their length; flowers less than 3 ecm, long;
petals<not~appendaged fee 220 + 6 teen ¥E aor ae 2. TURNERA.
1. ERBLICHIA Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 130. 1854,
1. Erblichia odorata Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 130. 1854.
Piriqueta odorata Urban, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 80. 1883.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; reported from Tabasco. Also in Panama, the type
locality.
Tree, 7 to 15 meters high; leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or oblong-
elliptic, 6 to 18 cm. long, acute or acuminate, crenate, glabrous above, fulvous-
pilosulous or glabrate beneath; flowers long-pedicellate; sepals linear-lanceo-
late, subulate-tipped, pilosulous, with thin petaloid margins; petals yellow,
about 8 cm. long and 4 cm. wide; capsule 4 em. long, oblong-ellipsoid, densely
fulvous-pilose, the valves very thick (2.5 to 3 em.) and woody. ‘ Sanjuanero ”
(Tabasco, Ramirez); “jarro de oro” (Oaxaca); “azuche” (Oaxaca; from
the Nahuatl a-zochitl, “‘ water-flower,” or ‘flower like a water-jar,’’ Reko).
When in flower this must be a remarkably showy and handsome tree.
2. TURNERA L. Sp. Pl. 271. 1753.
Herbs or small shrubs; leaves serrate, often biglandular at base; flowers
axillary, usually solitary, yellow, white, or pink, the peduncle often adnate to
the petiole; calyx tubular or campanulate, with 5 narrow lobes; petals obovate
or spatulate, short-clawed, thin; fruit, a thin-walled capsule; seeds with a sub-
membranaceous aril.
Besides the species listed below, two or three herbaceous ones occur in
Mexico.
Flowers pedicellate, the pedicel adnate to the petiole; petiole with 2 large
CELESTE SSS RE I ES SR, Sea eh ieee eR ie rece 1. T. ulmifolia.
Flowers. sessile; petiole without glands__-___-_-_______________ 2. T. diffusa.
1. Turnera ulmifolia L. Sp, Pl. 271. 1753.
Turnera angustifolia Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Turnera no. 2. 1768.
Turnera trionifiora Sims in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 2106. 1820.
Turnera mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 126. 1823.
Turnera caerulea DC. Prodr. 3: 346. 1828.
848 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Turnera velutina Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 44. 1836.
Turnera alba Liebm. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 9: 318. 1848.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Yucatan, and Chiapas. Widely distributed in tropi-
cal America and naturalized in the Old World. :
Plants herbaceous or fruticose, usually 30 to 60 cm. high, sometimes as much
as 3.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, extremely variable, linear to broadly
rhombic-ovate, serrate or dentate or subentire, densely or sparsely pilose or
glabrous; flowers 2 to 3 em. long, white, yellow, or pink, sweet scented; capsule
about 6 mm. long. “Clavel de oro” (Yucatéin); ‘ caléndula,”’ “ amaranto”
(Yueatén, Dondé); ‘ Marilépez” (Oaxaca); ‘“ Maria Lépez” (Cuba, Nica-
ragua); ‘San Juan,” “margarita de los campos,” ‘“ oreja de coyote” (Nicara-
gua); ‘““malva” (Colombia).
The plant is employed locally as a remedy for indigestion, for bronchitis and
other chest affections, and as a tonic.
The species, as treated here and by other authors, is a remarkably variable
one, but the variations are chiefly in leaf shape and pubescence. A form with
linear or almost linear, glabrous or glabrate leaves is T. ulmifolia angustifolia
(Mill.) Willd. A form with broad leaves and white flowers is 7. ulmifolia alba
(Liebm.) Rose Turnera velutina, described from Acapulco, is a form char-
acterized by very dense and short pubescence.
2. Turnera diffusa Willd.; Schult. Syst. Veg. 6: 679. 1820.
Turnera microphylla Desv. in Hamilt. Prodr. Pl. Ind. Oce. 33. 1825.
Bohadschia humifusa Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2:98. pl. 68. 1836.
Turnera humifusa Endl. in Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 230. 1843.
Turnera aphrodisiaca Ward, Virginia Med. Monthl. 49. 1876.
Turnera diffusa aphrodisiaca Urban, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 127. 1883. -
Turnera pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 166. 1899.
Nearly throughout Mexico, chiefly on dry hillsides. Texas, West Indies,
Central America, and South America.
Shrub, 0.3 to 2 meters high; leaves petiolate, obling to rhombic-ovate, mostly
1 to 2 em. long, obtuse or acute, commonly cuneate at base, coarsely crenate-
dentate or serrate, tomentose beneath or merely pilose, often glabrate on the
upper surface; flowers 8 to 12 mm. long, the calyx tomentose; petals yellow;
capsule 4 to 5 mm. long. “ Damiana” (Sinaloa, Tepic, Baja California, Tamau-
lipas); ‘‘pastorcita,’ ‘“hierba de la pastora” (Querétaro); ‘“‘hierba del
venado”’ (San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas); ‘‘xmisibecoc” (Yucatén, Maya);
“oreganillo” (Santo Domingo).
The damiana plant has an aromatic odor and pleasant taste. It contains a
yolatile oil with a warm, bitter, camphor-like taste, also tannin. The dried
_ twigs and leaves are imported into the United States and used in the prepara-
tion of medicine, although they do not constitute an official drug. They prob-
ably have only feeble tonic properties, and the aphrodisiac properties ascribed
to them are doubtful. In Mexico the plant is often used as a substitute for
Chinese tea and for flavoring liquors. It has a wide reputation as an aphro-
disiac and is administered also for dysentery, malaria, syphilitic diseases, pains
in the stomach and intestines, dyspepsia, and even paralysis. Diuretic, astrin-
gent, tonic, expectorant, and laxative properties are ascribed to it. The plant
was introduced into Europe about 1874 under the name damiana, and was for
some time recommended for all kinds of renal and vesical diseases. It should
be stated here that the name damiana is sometimes applied to other plants,
especially to species of Jsocoma and related genera of the family Asteraceae.
* Contr. U. S, Nat. Herb. 5: 166. 1899.
PND eX’.
[Synonyms in italic.]
Page.
BAU resco cieyasic Safari wisi aisicidie wise aewinie ceteris 657
SAIDELIMOSENIUS ssc 5sa sos a seie' s ss aes 779
SAO O Mee oe Shh See a Se Sele 538, 713, 714, 715, 743
EASEMUT EL OTN ete targa oe rate aye ota SSIS Iie (oni eos 748
CERN OUI TD SPE io far tetace see eierssas 748
OINDIGHAUT = tmck br 5 patos ee eee ee 760
CUUDLETI Ol as wane eee see eee a 750
andrieuxii........ Sees PER REE eo ase 754
LEN UCU 2 =o Somes saaiasiowaaeseeceesee 754
CULATED bide Ee eee S Aa e Eee Aaa aeee ss 755
AICCTIATAIIN fara. Ps osay2e pases.) asters ey eee 750
IDASLALGIOMM ES BAe cians es eiersereoaeec tee 753
ETI MOACTE = netasavecratem wine aera oase eae 752
RPLEMIN TIT Oath aloynre ca sors Srararaleijemiosciewsiseels 756
CAHTOLNI CHIN 552i eee ase eee 753
CUIRCTILTIE Se ooo ans ott arose Hear a Ike ee 757
Gal ay Hb ee See sel ES eE nS anor ee 755
GSC OLOT =. te nianys seas sate liel-pyaicienis ie 754
GIURTPEOLU TS 3.8 3d war hockii ote 755
CUI PEST ati ols po cineceeiemoasiine ceases 752
CUOMO ENSE 22 sac aie msieanlebies ae SEER 755
UTTAR Re oe Oe EN te eS a Te 755
GLP ELEM). ace cisncaeete cement See aeSe 754
OEOSUTM I 75 cetacean saan oe 754
GLE OLE Ra, c Soyo sosninte SGI RE RE 747
SIPANLOUM. 195.55 scecnioe ceeiewcte sees 755
CALM av rlti la) Rb ba 6 sae ee eas Oe a 752
IG OLOMIO TU are che saraersie em tmacyaisinie see Sea 751
ASCARI IMR ace seein ele eA 756
Le(cyaoks) fen 42h0)) bes eee ee ee oc At 755
Tabb AVEC ae 5 Sos Cee eee Er as os ne 751
OUD SETICEIUTIB a aro octet Horeca ee OE 757
UY Ol pyeh yal se erence oredorcl Granta seo Sarria seer sers 755
NYPOICMCUIN Eos demac mince me scncaaseeccsne 752
RO CNN IN Beare mie rcimic ciate nr tee Mamet emcee 753
BI ACO UITI AE ais aooraen cents Sesion ee Sea SE 752
LEMMON ors No wineries aces ye 752
INSTI OS TIN. cs ose ue se cote ees aases 752
MNOCUOUGRU Dao seco ieee oe Ce 755
MLECTANENALT tas aa noes Garioce 24 See 751
AW MACUIIM is ccraennaneeseonese oS ES 753
MMEMEDLAH ACCUM S.a2.0 doers cesmsascne see es 754
BR EXIC LIU oral atarax ear einaictath clare arate oe oe 755
TNAUCTOMULOUUT oa nana cee caress) teas 756
MEWOETTY Tana aor nan aslnos a asanseeeee 748
notolophitim:.-32saesessyssesasosso sees 751
PalMeMass-aacicassooahesnssoaseaaacadels 735
Parvum 2. ssh soossees sas ossacyuastosscs 751
percaudatum s2s2s2255soa2sacns2eecsacwles 751
PeyMtSchils = saacecrsesascwaeGanse MISE 751
PUDPUSHs 25 Beas se sates sass IS 750
NACEMOSUIMNS Seca tasacsowwasacstesioe rages 753
TAMOSISSUMUMrtsc cass Saa dacs re crocs 753
TEMCMAVN Mw 2 soso cdacens ca hoansasaseeee 754
FOVERCUM Ms oss sae actorsas dass eee 754
7808—23 22
£310) 010) 72): area eens Aiea Oc .oe
Sphaerostaminume -— ..-c-e-4-oe =e eee eee
SDICOLWM eo acio nism se dee ae se eee Ree
Stratum. 0.2 2s22)22.552 Jee ese ye eee
CRQUELTUM ers co eck en See e et eeeeo nee
trisuleatuime sector see ks ee eee
Wimibellatums- 2c ecticceenwececsieesere
INCA Y DREN sscmatc bade sess secon eaeees eee ee
acapuleensise=..2. 5st. o<ccacsesesnte eee
adenostachya..........------- I Sanyo
ARVEMSIS2 5252 2-.-/seaceess conse sseessesseee
Califomicac Jose sscecs ss ee etoe ccc teens
(Wi TD TAUT TES SEE BEOSBOR ESD Con E DOO SO3Cc
Cnet asses ss Goes os ds astasesameeeee
ComonGwanas- eee eee eee
COnylOld 6Sijs cose tose aso eee eee
Cuspidata- 22 )s= coset see see eecse eee
G@eppesiaes- cee ss aee reas eee eee eee
GiOLCA octet ootins sees gece es ee ee eee
Giversifoliaie cecceneee coe eee esos
Hagellatac . say once cceceseecte soe oer
PA VESCONS -fatecioa c= oa5s in es ae no gees
{OUTNI OM eelsia-- 5 acess cosine eee eee
fredericlag. oases eases ose eae
gland wlitera sees eee eee eee
INLET DG 2 ona ase eee eee
lBYee Seint hae ane poppe bocuepoDoSSOSdecIoS Hoa
langiana << Sssns-5s55 ossassss2 sees
laxiflora. anes sas acess e- eeeee ee
leptocladase---555-ss55- sees -eeeee eee
leptiopodaresss-ssee sess aea are
licbmiannicencsesen sede nese een ates
longestipulanis: y2-- 242522 2.s2+- =e ae
lOnPipes sea vases ses seen eee see
mMmaAcrostachyaean- <==. ss=seec= =e Eee
macrostachyoides.......--....-.-------=-
melochiszefolia : -.<.<--<-2:s-<.=---------
MUCKOSLQCHYD =5-~ 2. as-uee seco a= ele
INOUISHE sore ae eecacws eee icanis=acieiseoere ia
VI INDEX.
‘
Page
Acalypha (ocyimoldes! nee se eeen see eae 630
oligantha) 2-22. oo st Coe ee cee 629
olizgdonte.. 2 52.00 ea ee 631
papillosans. 20st. tase seccenese access eee 630
Darvaloliae. vss cttews asecheeea tes tose ce 631
DPOUVONIONG ara. 2 Ao ae ette ee nea eee 628
IAN Oise erree eee ceehice asco wei eee ne 630
EAILOIOUSISE Pete ROCE ee keene tee ee es 629
Seniodeanaesae es: vacate ac coe ce eee ee 631
Schlechtengalianas.-. 2 sceao2-es 22s eee oe 627
schlomibergerl =< sscs=22ssscseaees eee eee 628
SOlGHANA sae ee oso Jostens se ease 628
SULOUISCIED* Senos Sasi ie oes ct cesa sees es 630
urachyloba-225: 22352588 was 628
iny Xe] 0}: eee eee ee eee Oe Ace Peay Cs 639
Um Prosatsssee ect sss sacs es eee 630
mnibracteatays5siescsscnsesacscsecse en ee 628
WARENS waa acia ns ceses saeco a saces eho sees 631
Wilkesiana.-ssss3rs ee AE 624
ACANtHOLDAMNUS 252855 esecec0esaceccn nese 684
ACCCINGIC: 22555522555 ss5 0522 asst sace eee 690
COMIN a 2 aca aesaas senda ss cc casnes Aceon eee 678
Weeifeds Castors s<2:4 soci eseies tS 622
PCOL AN One® 5 bees Ms Hex ife Se esses foes 647
ACILUNO see se seas sscsssassteese tase settee: 540
MEPTIGO ase Ft dae eee essence ssa eset reee 541
Meprcsecssacseed dan deb se cMac teases 3 aes 689
INGOTACER OS 22 5e. seem 12 eee. ae a Nase Se 689
ACOZINGOsSs = sess 242 pcedse Saas cas aaee ee 690
ICHAT S222 2 2a55 hes eee c snes ee bees baeaasee 773
Achioter ss soso aes aes seek 835
Achi oto. a4 45. soc seis aessess e332: 633, 824, 835
AEM Ss 4s 550i e5 sates ctarsscae eto 835
INCHOLE sac sea c ses sec oo. 5s Sas Saeeeote te eee 835
MCHUCLO NS 5 taro oce soos ds aee aoa Nae ooo ee ee 835
PRCTITUCG? 25 pS OSS Paar da seosseoseete eee 734
DOCH 4c25 353, ee eee 633
PAIGENOMISCUSY = 2 id oo eae s Santas cee eaaccseee 745
GOP hie 522 F2s2 5 sss Ss cess sos se ee 717
INES CUIACCRG nos 522 Jo eee acs See ss Sec cee ee 699
INGSCULUSS fia asaeass essa os es deseseeeeees 691
WNERICONM so Bhs sos 52 52 52455 osFesb eee 690
MINA GOR tats 224555 ta ssa sssdessssesase eee 683
INET ES aces sae8 csscdaeleccc et oasSase eo 730
ASTAL oe Sons toss sesses Sebs osadacee nce te eee 730
eri] Gres oes ab ss Sass Ns SITES AR 669
APTIO Ce: GUNES 52): ¢ soe odes torae Seek 779
INPENLOS Soest a= J ois setae SS Astoraatsi roe 669
Wenabola: 22 Ss ortes sige swow ssa aces eee 680
Motiacatilo:< i wass eu sesosae es eee 633
NOTA LO Sr Fert trt ttn Nelater oecictosi rode eae 775
PUR AO CGEG OLA ar, ata aiatelel toro wr alareoterram a oe ierete 842
SAMTIDITZOCOEL Swen tata, wfarstat ctavatatatstaratxiarstormiar see cise 564
AHUAIZOCOUN GUE s = anita soho loectaraeeeaee 564
AIGO EA Se See os ae Seen eRe 647
YANG soos 5 ised ole a toon taster ciawiefede soa ee 641
CAN LCE =P ia cto telat oet ee tare 601, 602, 603
PAA DATO crarelowit oe OA emia arse ELusne S30
Maman: TAICAS i365. ss32ssnescnse ee oenas eee 639
IT DarG ae ees Fees as Se istosc aso eaeeee 830, 831
Meaparra; falsaie sew se sone seis cece =e §21
SMICHOINER da tse sac jal cece en Te A I 633
PAL DCEN AG emt ae Nate ttt aalal asics tal ol rote eects 646
PANECLGTOCLONM UN at tarsi = <)2 =) =) = =1n asia ae eal 602, 603
ANEGTID aoe tease ates aaclae ae ace nee sees 738
Aleve teens nc ewe = Sats ee Ones Sie eee 632
Page.
Ale7uillas. Passes as. cack eco ee cee sae 718
IATICILO Wa. = 5. Seas da apa ae aah Reece eee 667
NT ZOO ON ees ee tna cece en ce ane Ree eee Eee 783
PM POGONCUIO™. Jncios, Sac teehee seen 678, 738, 780, 785
Mg odonero sie. eo accce soe tee ott ona eee 783
ATlophy uss 355, Stee aase ac tanises - Be eee 704
AVM BCLS fen ese eeee Oo Aone eee aah oa ee 661
ATIMECLP OS oa ate.nresis oes oemeeae aA ot eee 547
@MAanllo hese ees seca ek cee ete ee eee 547
DIANCO P32 22 = Soee eee s ere cease 547
OncamMadonssss25% atencss Ys. eas ceeeeeees 547
Alme@ndrillo s2sesceh2oss45258 255553 soe 816
A800 GG Ts3 sos SS eo See ss esa snes act eoeees 837, 838
Altes . i sioslssseasasaasd sose5s esas e2s ae 781
Althea es w.cstetesslsessoss ee 8s eee 781
Alvarado, Pedroidessjss22555225sa255ee eee 540
Alvaradoa: = 22s sussssensa sans seen ee 540
Amantillo's soi fecasscacaescesas soe ceee eons 753
Amapola s5sses/s3s asso oee ee 775, 780, 786, 794
blanea ss: condbiaddietasces nee eee 794
COlOrad Oa. n3senassoroneeatoses eee ee 794
AMATANGOs cass ocr xs ccee Reda ses eee 848
AMAT ZOSO sjsu a'so se lirets saa ae oe eee 539, 540
ROO: wet retest ones eae win Seo ae 522, 709, 713
Ge ‘Doli tas =: ,-srojeraretalntenercrr str ee ee 709
GUICO .rnen oe sae Noe dete ss ead ae ee 713
Asm or dein Giatin. Soom sset Sec erce eee nee 782
ATH OF OURS 35 StH win Pee Sey aad esses 836
Amorti gulag -.<\-a sera acicewtaacabenis one 609
AT OZOULS aa yoiesscicretetersyorence seme iew siecle 653
AIMPeClOGISSUS 2% Saas steele oe Ne 733
Ammpelopsis «2 jc. c ees omer sie na ee 733
QUANG UCfOLIA ds <\a orcpatae(Saer~ hetero Tee ee 728
Amphiptery etm «ss jrescvay= sonics see 672
SATIVYTIS © cies yeparet stare nrersinndemstatal ais paso Oe 528
DUDINMALE oo a.aisatrctortcete Aaa 548
SYlVatiCa see LO Souscael eee 550
ECCOMACE 32) 22 in joie Haseinialoeanaoaleae BEES 550
ATACATIGAS «5 cis) <:0)5) 07s ciara = warn acini eee 796
Anacardiaceae!. 222 cae-c Sates ee Oe eee 655
Anacardiam 225s oS qse5 ossge eee eee 659
AMATO 52d. odchie os Se et Se sees 835
AD BAGCY 3: foe seo cise ties taal eae ee 699
"APELDA coc a ciece me ecloenescecasteee eee eee 738
PPOMPO); a2 cee cecaesamasenatssoss sees 793, 836
AQMiche!s - ss .<.ckincioaceeeswccwAsece ance eee 809
AGuifoliacese ced a2 bs iokGs sank asses 673
PAT ATID 5 oo) asap eres fei siapas 4 aisyarnisers aictiheas eee eee 781
Arbol deal god 61a <<.0<nie0.sisjannemace eee 791
Ge lamuenrte s/25G.csso ns .o5=6 eee eee ee 650
deilasimanitias-j20 5... 22h. 796
del diablosctenns s6-2ei-- pee eee eee 645
6 POL sine sins ceen ruins san asacceeeeeoee 661
deiquitasol 2... 5.,.-c-sme-ons esse ees 553
Ge san oret een sae aee eee 615
foie eben CaN coce Mook ac uuncesorolaconeos 790
Sant Ose.heke menses eer eee eee 523
COREE ae OD SIGE E DEO ODOC REC DEC OOLOOE Sa dece 690
(ATCO DINE seme aes eee tee eee eee 547
ZN PAT UTIs Se nariggen seg ee Sao UES OnTE O52 621, 622
Argyr Oth@MNid. << 2-2 2m -~ mmm = en == = 42 621
AGT AT Oo eleee eee ei aaeeeeie eee eee ee 835
ATH OU Osiae osama eee eee 835
RAXONY se seiiceeiaseesioeei eee 834
ATTAVANCIEO! o-oo meen ae oa 566
Arrayanilla....-..-----.+--------+---+-0-2--0 823
INDEX, vil
Page Page
IATRONGAG OL es saoc do ocdcs cosas Soe se eee eee S135 |} Bejuco, Cenizo. - << os acca ccc esse aen the as 813
ATTOWADOLSOM- seise elo see oo a eels 648, 650, 652, 703 ChapaIno:- ote, oe es co seas eee 818
NSCYTUM oe estates Jescltse st iieasasoeeee soe 823 GIPSON G Gansas50boSeseaaaaesassosce se. 817
Aspicarpa......---------++--20+--2222e-222-- 574 Ghirniad ont cee eee one ea 731
ASTLOCASIA 222. sc22 sco soe Site Fosters 610 COlOT ad One Sate sees tes cee eecce eee ener 687
PAISETO UU ILE ae ete clalelatn atslate =latatatalatat= Bas 0255 20592 614 COMENTAN One eeeeme eee eee 731
INGERONIMMI See ee Soa Soe eae ete cee ee 662 CostillGnkoce se cee rsa: tee her bet ee 702
LASER OPIY LOUIE mntstaiatalafetamtet ete rainet eee eee ee 537 Gia PU ane cor ci ee ecemcae eee eeas 703, 730, 818
IR GACL ORR aaa et oe a aattel eweitaae ee ae 828 Chenoa yess 8 at ct hace a 576
PAC TesitZ OUT ett atote = tatotatatatetarotatetelelale]af=ae ieee ee 773 dejicaballon ao. cence een eee ne 576
ENT OLG eee ater oteiale Sic cists piss bake aheeenrhi eee eee 662 Gevcaro). eee Ne see cas ae oe soe atin 731
INE OVX OC Ob let cereale tistale = =latmtatatatarerar=tal=to =i =e = 657 deicazad oresss oo se onccmsme nee cece ese ase 730
AtOvaxOtl).s----'-1- I arc cctertetatetetertt eae 657 Geicorall ss es ones seces ceca eoee ee 732
ASU aes MISONO ha ne he rot 6 ne NS 780 Geico tale torino athe ee 703
Avellanas purgantes-2 5.) c.sinceece sce ees 640 Gesin Gio. 6 ese Se 7il
ADCTTNOGS s vile sci alec aloe clac's sotsilese emt eee meee 609 Geummlatose shee soc she ate nossa) see 702
ANTI SMO comompsosoncapponenoncsecqaodetas Ue 609 de\parmra ss .- Seen ona tara Smjsnies See 730
U.S SEE SSE DREGE ORO PEA SAN A eae 641 GePiG] Os -se6 3 Saceeins ses eee ee 686
JS eg GHRCHSRCUAE SOE POUR OE DEO an Eres “ne oe 641 dewraten’ ..- 348 sd oases a nee 578
AOCAU AMM ae oa sea tas ones tans 765 deitachicénes. 5455225 Siscoeneeeee Cae 8i7
PRKOGHIG eee cmc emcees cae ec eine donee eeenee 847 OSPINOSO = CAs = 08 8 soca eee ee 697
JM OME = <5 - on ca Sa ooodnesscopscbsensaScoousDr 810 PUAT Bia sits) s ado secsinisscice sasstes eects 818
INS HIT OV). Sie BAR OCCIE DESC URE ORD ABMSCOREOEhOoe 604 hpesillo.es 52 fase aeciseciee ssa asco 577
J SVOIQGH Uo sa Sd Sse esd ecsssaonorepersseoneashce 643 LAS Ue Soe sicinia sinstess anaaisigscfees sce ca ae 731
PAW IG Gees seeerecee career canine as seeeers 705 LemAbenO). oes aaetiscceiena cise see 711
AMATI. jn on ee boone oo taTpEO see onecmemsda 670 lOCOmeatep ee fone sceiccceec Aeaae eee 731
PAU Ua Sacer acacae sence sacs e eect eee 622 DELCbO eS heest Senet teen ea ner ee eee 573
GC DON ae spatreriecsscsncnbondohoncdadet 621 10) 1112s Reese SCE a REESE CLEMO S EC eee 817,818
AVA AN CH Oca ae are cite eee eee 621 VEGUICEO NE Asc se. sort aee eta os eee 703
ILNTADIEE) a re a ea BER erie Peep et at a ey eee SAA EBC UI OSe = Soi as 8 eee ae 703
PAU CALILO ne cmis case ane asec cee eee scenes CO2MiOS? | Hel-cinich Geese 25-5553) «as se ee ee 540
INTHCNC ecrsisiscisac neces sesece ess sae nen sonnets t3h:i7/" SIPS (2) Ko) RS ee ne eee I SORES Se ae mes aan 796
ISRO 33 5 SESS EA NSS EPR SABES aemmaecie sic S082 |b BGlO aes aaccceisiseisninslnis ware Meee eos 737
IS'@IRGIHIG GST A or cena San Eve moron gbemenecnaa Are) PB CLO GRACU A shoo emia cienweemete see eeeeee 668
Balloonsvine sone ota le cece sce ree MOOR BSL bering ac. 4 qnctys Aascns Scan as as ete 531
IBANALAsssetceccce soe sescessce cise wees esses Saori t Weritardiae. a coc pa-cacce ces accb ceneceeenee 632
WUGATAY DUG eS SSE SOC GET OCRE CIS oe Oea OG SLOP |F Bem Olli Gos at ce ecieisineacinie eee 789
Band entseseen senses ees emcee ase GOOE:|F Wemoullign =< ss .xcacecr mt cwicn ace eee = 789
13 PASCO SS SBS eeR Bees ReeEeE abe seme sepecose IGE ||P CREACO sak 2. isc mSoecasececeeecer eee eee 659
DREVEDES Ia ceeeoe ase eae eae te eee ees OTOP) Bersilanaees siete necicimsinacecernisqacs eae eee 734
LU DULOILES ini eee eres meee Tails it Biaxhitasjaetene Acmcscaccsaccattnecems sat 656
MUUCKONUE = ~\n\s12 Js 2s oslo es eae USE Bill Loepaees aises ieiceemeceeinc nie eee eee 709
ROPE i=n= SEAS ES PSPS ASS Soc S OS Sage EnOgSS One |e Bich Obes sate jao8c sete dec e ceclecw ee 835
SATIS UCLLODSI Semester cere area aaee ere MOF iP iG OMe sec pitoetasericere ee cemeceicce eee eee 728
! ETHIE SCOssc aes cuaeReSRE eam onaaoneteeannee GOGRAOSR it TB i Ra eer ae oar ete kerier aaa 835
Barbas) Obstet ne yee eee (08a\|)) Billi c5 set Gece iectacericcee ence eacee eee 690
EBT CEMA erate mice cet ee ean ci eee LO FBG ee oats ora eitisncke i ee 714
Barchatas esas ceca soa Sass os sae eee (LS Biophys... cc cecceeaceececer ee: cen 517
IBSRClay) GOOLL Omran nem erecta asses G21" |} Bind -Cactusisn nc ceeecheececee neces ec eee eee 605
IB Pik So. See BadesenoeroaaEacooToUaRnoSsoeD SSOF Silly PITT SO <rsteieccincijanecesecbece cee eee 667
BAITa paseo csorcwea assesses sssessecsese ees 6032 PBisbirinds 2...) cccceseecceeee as eee nee 539
Barre-nOMmOre capone castes s see eee D082 |b BO GAINO saves torsion eisiaeisomisie tre sae eee ee 605
PAMTD Ga: meen cise caee ae aac eee 00) .|4 Bittersweebstamily: oe cm. = <iscn-2.- cee ees 676
Aasorainnepaecsse ose as ose ose SOUP IP Bie oer Saet-lyscneeccececercce tect an een 834, 835
SASS WOO ereeee ace eae lett 5 eee (BDI: BLA COR Bice bier paceip oe ace eh ee 834
I AStarGias-..\sata- acess sees aa (iat) All ibib.ct oleae tee See eR Ae ep eremRY © 7 835
RinSitislone= va ssehe Ss jo i522 ase aoe HOP || t BIZOY Be trircic socialist scjormmeacice Re MMOS 805
Batabana nee otto erasttes OTM STAC ky OIC «orc a crete siorexess vcinies issieisigiesss ste SS 674
Bay-cedars. 225.) jonce teas Sarees ss es tate Joon |p bladdermput familyos 552.2. o-cms-saseeee eels 687
family foe ae rat Sar ee DGS) | PMD OIMLASGAR = ie irene acintee isso ingieeelea secs 848
Bebeta ser jae. ee eels tela GODr 3 BoliGhe seen toa: Boob cc ie bickec si clnme aes 709
IBEpChe yy Wim ma,te tit tele [ tet teen ee 316% 1f BOlONCODI faci mina eisioseme nce cemeninee eee 732
Bejucolcarey sass se sees scot nee ee SIS! |) Bompbarsceeses.- <2 jos cee scre ce ececen ee 786
GI). s Sseehuremedoemyaconoomseetkebocauce WOOP |P BOMIDSX case coc ckecc pisces osicsemsaioss eee 793
(ESTE 00)s seaemberooseoouaooommenemorcos See 818 GESCULYPOLIWIN so a iara cre paincisssemminiew sienna BOS 792
CESIFO S os oso e ee es eat ate 731 COD Aiacioetesaaxciass teases uesesncoeeeeeee 794
VIII
Page
Bombaxellip tictim 3-4. en dence eee 793
PRETUCOMBLND oh ix oie Rita eer oe OS 793
palmerien.sssech ies cscee ee beeen Eee 794
DENEEROTUND sec Stk omer bie) on els 791
MEI OULM Foes eer? So. cee Cheek ee eee 836
BompoOn css 2 222 ces ses chee c CoRR eee eee eee 836
IDonche eters ate ci te Red keer ene ee 780
OU Sere sere ees wen cee ie ce eee ea eee 837
Botion(dewro® 2 i= 22-2 ea. oe 2 one coe cee 751
IBOUOLOu sa sre ss senems oaeeeacte ree fete tee 837
BOLHOSBEA Ere resi ten te ekct cecccne eee ee 836
BOR patesee taste en kB: Coke Sac kan < Rn 654
Lenni hd Soa ok ee ey ee a OS ee 653
IBDx-pldené se teehee ec naeat tee EEN 690
WS OXWOO, MAIC ato) starters tarete mice cers 680
12) (0h ts AR ee ee ere Ree a doe 682
BUSY haya totehat ote a hc ataroloietate tate Patera octane EE 714
‘Bread-ANd-CheOSss-:5.3 4 sers dbase eee ee 703
IBTevOni cata 55 sss aso sh sso see sszesad 801, 803, 804
PHIOUR asec tesserae a ctaroaw SoM 804
IBNONM Ds 52 ocsosos doc ss case Seen asoe eee 830
SBT GLE Shey a afer atal ater ctaaratatsial oakley ng ACE 795
IR ACK ONO saree ta socetoy satel werare oaraiarg ed USO 691
ROXAS aso assesses o65 oe tanco inane 704
BICKLROM asso secs eraseneesseseaa celeb 724
PUTIN a APS creer eerom ek Kian een oe 710
SCOT AS LALGOS oii eS rach ecm seems ctor ae 751
ESCO U LINONUE = c= a iota ta tara) fare Tater romioen cen oeee 813
SU ae sett) ke Boo amici ae eee 694
PBS CILITI OS 5 95s repecrare yaiatetewer seni Reotete pata 809
BENCH OSIA S52 sersartfeinn iota einer ctareniayere Se 566
COULD OS OAT A hres ciaroceican were Ric nia 570
GUAARLOGOTORSIE so arora mrercewiciceulomseioomr 565
Bumillon cect cere heen hese ccescaen sean SUSE 738
PENS OB eA storstyaeeiahota ee niasfatoqmrerceconsre octet oe 739
NO a eee Reece Dene eak cemeeeceeee 739
PVE OO 25.1 drorearciieineeebiocmeank Ga a ceoeee 673
MEET SER LG LOCLY LOM mt clastoc te totote osc Oates 551
DEER alot Wioeiefe Sine eee wemiwee es cisiowienrsice 549
MES LONE OVA mara atsterey so ha poisin ois waa 552
DICGLON eh eee tee = te centecien 550
DA TIRTETVAL Wie te eee ears (sGinchee cwiominc nes 548
COTRSONG ceckeececke ne haCeawsteecacnaccen 546
CINCRED moe ee sacs be winins oo Ree 546
CONG Sar sartcrctctara tote atari bicep eee 548
CUNEO arog teen asa ce an ee melee sialic 551
GELDEBNAUI one ene aes eterspoisi eae eicios 552
GiWETIONG caneelecctren cece ence cc Meee 548
EE CELBEeiatatn niece eee cewioees Semice ae 552
OUATOUM ES Cece ee Sec ce eA ae 550
PPELACI OULD je) rarctorarewinkosieaetaws Seek eine ee 551
WS AGUMS 3 Piatra pcte aia SiC ew Eee ce aoe aa 550
GULEOMIOND haan Ree Ree eee ee 549
UMBORESCEN Sc Roane eS RRR ete eEe 551
GTIRER Sara crabs aie Crewe ane eee See eee 548
RENO OU as oe choca ce etec cos a eee reese 546
GTIRVEDIENS PELOSI. ac ciclence eiacenjenics Pee ae 549
GILT EN Basia she efeiar milena ece ese ee 547
ELETODR YL rerctatn Sisters rate w2tcin = ee 547
OMS erecta Rie aisins ec oo ace = eae 546
MORUMERSI Sa ae ew AEE win oi caciswssmiee eatin 551
RORDUNS ie cee twee ee Ssinc cease Co akuceee 546
Rerbeniin he cea seine acis sas actonies-o cee ans 546
Lancifolias Cos pece eR eccceomc ce een cme n ae 546
LATALORG a522 0 obras Seisie ieee ia se Oe 550
MMLCTICUIVG © fore 1 oeets eon tere ane onteaioe EEE 552
INDEX.
Page
BEETS ENG MICO DRY GH sac eee ieee eee 548
MOT CIERSISER =k oss Bao ee: oe 548
TULLE UY Oa a anak oe tac ae Sere ae 546
VEL SOM Boe a Sra ire ois (ae eine ies ene 551
DOUCET =! seca ce cman ree woe Ee 546
DONE TET AE a ate el ea te 2 549
[ALA ay cee OEE ee SS RRR a 552
DORNOSO iar teats See ominee enc occ aes 550
DETACHED oo ores a SCRE RA te RS 549
78 fH ase ea ately SR 549
PUDESCENS: oo. ome cee Tee Ee eee 671
DUETS EN a oh ote arate Sarapaiceec ae Ee 549
CHARMER. 5. Nec cea netic ee ee ck ee I 546
SCNTCH EUG ca see a eo) ee 551
SCHICCILEN AU hone ccs sonic ane eee 546
CSSEIT LON Gino foe eran Stale Seis ieee ae ee 552
SOOTIUD Ds os Pe oe Reo eee 547
SUDO ON MIS <a ake Se cise eee 551
CONUS OMG. oi Afar eee ees ae EE 549
DTT UGO oa) sia rn cera ececetins idee ae sie masecee 546
IBUTS@Taceds - =). = 5: che son donc ce eee aE eee 542
IBURACEIOs.. fac on aot aeeceons see c eee nee Eee 653
PBR saeco oe elias Giamisinc) oeis toe eee 653
IBYESODUMA 22 aes simi eemanicic oe Cee EEE 564
SCG INMEO PRONG oo a5 cae pe eke sae o eee 576
TBUUMONG 3 oe ek atte 5 ess asisin eee CE eS 813
Cabalongor on - smccccu aes shieee coer soon ae 637
Gabellos;deainvel: =. 2. ee ace ree 791, 794
Cabeza demerro.. 3: 225s. ssnaeeae sec eee 738
Capote. hs case naccc nether Mantes eee eee 809
Caboidehacha:< Joos. css a-hoceec ee ee Rees 555
COLE 0) ea Sy ee ee Des ee ne 682
Negion Ga: << oseeanice ene ee eee eee 567
Gacachila: oa. chetucuct otras ene eee 717
CHIN ae ccc aie ce cnmsiceae eee eee eee 717
SULVOSERG b 650) co crente saci nate aioe Re ere ees 717
Waeahoatl oss sos 52s seo aeionee eae ee 805
Cacahnaciahuitl: 9.2 .csescccnansee oeeeee nee 80
Cacahuate: : 2256 coc ek ee Cee eee eee ee 808
GCacahuatl ie coos te cea er ey eee ee 805
Cacahyaxochitl ls s.2¢ os cesemenee ees ae 788
(AGAR 3 cite 2 ei sem eR ee eae eee ne 659
WAPAO Wo cos aim nese aels win enc acinae eae ee 805
DIANCOL ic 5 Jeisdincc aus wane ane eeeeeeee 808
OE Fs) ae ser a ope nN I Oe al 808
AG AMNICO\.,. o2- - cha ws oaee sae ee eee 808
1601) he SORES ESE Ie eee ieee eeuwecs 794
patashte. 2 5 oo ncte sciaeneince senses 808
Silvestre = 5.622 se ox ssa eee eee Dreee 808
PERE OL. aot AE oe rat pnh acai ace Cee eee 808
WAR CDG 0 oii ore rate ca 2 a yajtn onisce t eeiomterete ape 808
Cacaotlquahuitl: = 2.2. ssine tees eee eee 805
@acaoxochitl os occ sass ecies cere ee Reet 788
CACALZAN eos 52 od lacs hanes sia ale Saas ee als 717
Cacauquauitl.... .a.chsiecet aoesaccueismesieceie 805
@achibiie ssa. -sa.6- os ce nat osc aeeenooe ae 547
Caehila ears coc tan oanee san aoe eae 717
@aricuton 365.52 neces cise ee eee cee eee 835
Cadilos s2sect ack este oe Reece enor 743, 744, 781
AMAT Ossc ce cera cee ae ee Geese 771
CSPINOSO AEE = eine sace melee cee ceeeemsice 771
MAL Goo). Sore oes ane Renee ese see _ 142
@aiéicimarron’...~ = shoes neces neae cee anne 719
CafeilloicimarrOn5. = S./s25 2c sete seer ea soeee 844, 845
Catlett. nase cee e dee ee ee 845
Oaffeine ese ssh esac soc eeeteme nace een tee 674, 701
INDEX,
Waheditdesec. caster soarcns cece eteaesneo rae 805
Walnlotecrnn seca ce oe coree ee eee atte acres 741
(Cy bit lets fee eee eee ee eee meet As 659
WAAC AEE ene an seen Soc eee ae ete e otto 739
Calaciaisnnmmces ca: ce coca cee sare cee ate aes 739
ALASTTOS tee oaiseacies canons nesceceecseeeeee 739, 741
Calatolaern cutie se see ee sees e eee aneee 688
(CT OVE VA Na ee ene a eect ee hes eh Oe 689
Waldenondiamaniliat —2- ot oaee eee cee e eee 569
CPU cc LO she tis pate, Sele Ree aa tea pA At i 848
COMIC OUT eee eS e eee ee eee eee eames 561
Walitonmiahollyes. nse i sees tose emt eecees 726
MTA CASE se care See eee ee eee en eee 720
DEPPSL- Ihe. sees eS aeee cee nue eee 661
CulopmyiMUmMiac tees come eco tea ener tees 826
CHUTE eRe ate eek? Swat eRe SABC ACES 827
COLUDU OTS econ nee nen oe ee tee ae Stee 837
Camajonidurolt ce settee ce cet etek ee cat a fk)
WaAmManicae acta sscctonccc a orer etter ese 796
CampalaGdcar mee ate sccc con cteee feet ones 702
Wampanilloerss eet ocs ce tkse ee cate tence oe 759
CWAMPARAGUOW < tanscccccsscecnscet acon toreels 824
Wandoladateet at cecconet acc oc neocon os ecaete 780
GanGeliligeeans csccstcccs sce 599, 600, 605, 606, 607
CHIN Ma Pere oer mete ocee sae cee conte cee 604
WanlGlemOUGeeeerte re ceca: tenet one ene eens 705
(Wanglillamecete slats seta kas Se ee ee 617
WanelOmerctne ccs ccsetteceee ree ceee seem oes 553
OUI ALI eae ee ee re eet eee e eee 830
(OME aaa A eben aamoteernskeeeistars ese 560
WaAObieemeenie wee cate ete ee ene ee 613
WAN DE er aceeeeaens cob cace seater cence ens 560,
WAOCRIBIZAUA + sac cco hes ec eee e toate oeetoae te 805
WAMLUANCIO ces coca eee hee nem eee 798
WANOUMEC see seca te eect cR ets nce eee 734
WOAMUAUICACHOMet ee creme te secn ct. sete eee 657
Caplan ss Sache nr eae Shas keey san te sh eU 682
MLC OR OPP coc cicrcc alate cetera ee eee are ere 714
Capiulisete mens ee ste ta hy Stake veer ame erga 734
Ganulinerenesre tata en ene Rees waar 670, 714, 717, 734
CA DML NA as eens tcc cccecssncecsnmeee nace a. 734
Cap mlincwlorsssce. tafe. so heses 568, 717, 726, 737, 843
CUMAERO Messe cee ae eee ee ee eae 717
(GEIR a Sods Aa SSeS BES EC RS GSES SHS BReEESEaaE 547
CHRDOMICOLOIRUO Ss sen occ c crc cte cess eee 707
Wardiospenmunr a 2222 cces caccece ates see 700
WATOICHIO Marais sco cee cece nee 819
Warmestolendacscscecice ctncee crete ceoe see 837
CORIO cae Sb cs aR Ele Oat ee hee ots 731
COROIIIE eC rome ee ee are Tea 792, 793
WAN DOCADSas ance emaronece otal cc les e ne sees 648
WAErOllameemema esecic tect cece ne ee eee 695
( GPE ESPEEEY ie GE PEN af ae 9 ee I fg 542
Saoradatena. cacccee qeckcne ate eee esas 724
WASCAPAgbALKes oe conection cere eee 610
WASCRTIA oon tec ceria cee terete 843
Wash Were cne ce sore eee eee eee rane 659
TEE ya ae A en a ad cea 5 le 655
Cashewentttcesec sccm ences cece nates eee 659
CWASIMITOAE Me cs case seein pee n oon e eee 526
C@asininosine-<5-meocs ecco eo ooe eee ee ste 527
WASO Vee nate acieneerianninne ac meccoron ane ns 659
Waspineerteecciastnses sc dare cece omecacon eee 667
Wassaninotare ceanascemiccser ee nes cece ete 644
(OPES gr orca EB ine eget a al nee 644
CORB ILE Re et ae oe eee 685
Ix
Page.
Castan aes Sees. sis atnneasie Cece eee, ae 796
Wastan Oe ser em ocmce cade Nes ER Cae eee 796
Gewindiasy Se cmaceee cece eee 691
SILVeSERG he 52 <2 ste ciaes cinta cette 793
Waslelase mac Jac 5 ocean tes tcc Soe ae ae 539
Castellana’ ecmer man soncaens lane ate sate 539, 540
Castorsbean Jos. sca seciee ne ass ones eee 622
@atalina wees rcecass cea cane eee a eee 600
Catamericucheie.:< s..<.caescn. ct cee oe eae 836
Waten ae ese sso ack tea cece cece: ee 739
Caterpillar: edibles a-- s+ sees ese ees ae 617
(Caache see =s see mesce e cee one oe Sse ae SS 554
Capea se see oon cesses acsiie a toe ee 659
Canlotere jase renee steers rece eee 809
CaxcamOteenier asteaescnoscck waneke sa eee 644
Ceaxmutiza: <3 coke cor ene eee eee eee 527
GCoanothuseeesccceen acne ncee eee 720
COlGifOlie so. rocrcne eee 720
IN CSUNS se Sjene Sates Sane Oe TUG.
MOAChOCONPUS <<< Se ciein esses acca nee = sess 719
Ceara mibber trees. 2 scc nce Sameer eee 642
CedarvSpanishe 3280232 cereoesc ene ee 561
Cedille saecissccia tas sists cctdcne eee 678
Wedrelacees Soo cacce dere seesaw case eee 561
Cedrillos syst asc sciae oe See ee ato 558, 734
CUMAMON eo oaks 2 Aonkene cemeeeene eee 557
(Sis leg hen eS Ne eo eee a Bee era nSo ene 561, 562, 563
CHIN Omer soecck ashe ccs See Se eee 561
GlIMATLGM ese oae clase eo ae eee eee 826
Colorad otek sake ee ke oe 561
dedarHabana: 5) 2. s asec. ono sees eee 561
MIMO eee oichls 1 a,0cc han gine SU ee ee 561
hembrats-2 9... ssa s on saa cece eee ee 561
TUM ONS swan wee ea ccce eee ee eee 524
MSOs ct jose acwodecsickes ena see 561
MACH 02535, 5-6 scot de ce ae eee 561
OlOTOS0242.35 = 5a os soa ae eee 561
Cedrsncs oselsssaciseeesdieas sdeasc sense eeee eee 563
(Chey) oy ene ee ee ee 789, 791, 792, 794
ACUINING 1a SS aaaeca ses easce eo eee 792
Besculifolia 3. a5 )55 250 cusannace eOCeR eee 792
COSCORI 53 Foam oe aises scien woe Ce 791
QRONGPLON 5325 sau Saas oo Seer ee 792
DOUidG or 3s aja esse aaa ae 792
PALVALOl ss hose rasan rascecm asec ee Snes 791
pentand ras sca. so-bac sess = Cee 791
SCROMisasewob oad Sood see ne 792
COMENLOS Ws 4au 2 aco cine eee oe Oe 792
(OLTt oXo ENR en ee mete EO ner is 791
Ceib6n2csessdensscssasnst nee Oe 791
Gesaguarss = sser2e725224 dsaeeeassss sees 793
Ge ALLOVOs sss sso 793
@elastraceaés:.tasr2c Senne sesserss ao essseee 676
Celastrus asics 28 ser sees So ees 679
Ophyllusissassssas tines oes sd eee 684
Cerezan ssa. atese ee eec esas 222 eee 566
CereZeno ses accsoe a oee ses tessse sss 566
(C0 eater pone be Onn b ont OBE ne none: 566
COMMUNE St esse hs ss es es ee 609
deiGastilla <.c2 seers soso 566
dedamaicanssasssso5 os Sa eee 566
Geila+tierras ss2ss2 eos ssessesese 609
Occidentalisassssssssrese ease 609
Cero mes rhe haces ease bees er hl sas shee 845
Oeualehiltie-wyse2 s4se2 rssss ese rsserssseseee 728
haces sateen eed oes see siete creme ae 547
x INDEX.
Page.
“CiaCYOsale © Stal bi op tare ie ere RO aes EOE Oe 547, 738
HACOLOLest as aa voce nace asec ae eee 617
(ONL SS A See eS Set Re Re 810
TETAS GIs Bn RAE © SEE oer 602
Sn Seer ee eke a cin See ee 714
IGRicgmTS Dente ticfo seneee aces ss eee ee 705
ChanCaneuAaAniea... so) s<se sce nanicnarsee oes 835
(CLIC Ta TTS es ey Rene eee 564
(CINDY O ST oe ee eee orice 564, 819
BANAT POSOS 32m niobate a scl ok Se eet oe cise 539
[DULEEO zoe Saw asic see oe ee wig RCE EE 715
CLOT SC SR 2 oe age Ripe a enantio eee, cf 527
SPT O reid Soon ea eee ee 525
ha pollens. 2 Ws vcs ceca tee beans sncke 529
Cub iA en en ee ss 677, 705
ChaApUlZtOll .<c.<.sise.5 ce ocomee se canen ES 705
(CLOG TC) 1 big: Se ARH eee Aas REE 4 722
hacuivilla pee. 3825 ec onewas ssae eee 722
(WHATAN CH soos a5 See ebs ce Atiecenwn ese 599
WHarApo prec osnnc Sa ese seco ashen See ae 708
ith ce a nae ee eer. © 636
WBOCH OR icra ctejeteid ae,c coe ao Sa eecKan eeee 668
RIE OREO UOT cret os somes oe ee 796
Whe WShICkas AsGeit oseceeekcce seks ose kee 711
ON. soc ee ee eee el 564, 566
TARE so. scrse wae Ssie!de eiciorara yen aio SERS 656
(CITC GEC Ae eS eC ee oe ene ene 637
CUD AE Os Se ee ee a eae ee eT 795
SLUG orl) ee a Pe oT ar 765
WOHICHICASTG LA S553 8 costes onan aces 628, 636
WI GIDOIT OS. re ereeinc che each axe ee ek 636
Chichonidewnon tana) jensc.chsc+ cyclase 558
CRicochiehT ye 2355 chee acwscaees see 794
SUCTION 807
WHT CRCONWAT Asc uo asese cals e mtnaiet ace 807
ROTTEN a aie css proceso be sence 628
TTT et Se a ee ae 542, 610, 846
MTSU Opie N55 es ee EN 2 cee Cae 571
OIE OCRTOUS: 5 35-5 (ea einia teresa eneicee 702,775
WHitochuchie 55. ee Nae eac- aoe 794
CLV SS eee ee ee Rene Zo. MNES 701
ChimbompPoOrs55 aSsaecs sss ae 777
ORTTITIE Oana aace Sais hiaisiep ack 836
GLU ESTs] 22) 4" ene te a ee SR eS . O 553
5225301 hy eer eS ore eee oe eee eR © | 3 553
WHIng eRe iS Sein ci ccne oan 578
@hinaeahuite ss oe seek co inecaseaseee 547
ITAA OSE see prec. sse asain eres ee 781
(CLIVE oars epee ane oe ee See rs Rg ea ae 553
Chinesehipiscusts sce sote sce eoe 781
CHIN COR ea cee a een oe ee 663
‘CLEC Cee Re eee ee LI 547
(CUA IG TEI SE SS Sas ae ee ee eee CAL 830
Whiranthodendrons .s.ec.ce = ee eee Bee 796
CUTE oe ae ean yn ee eae 617,618
Whiropetalam../s.<.. 556s ae ngecee Pa See 622
WOhiirria@ Obes e< esas 2% 25. c- 2 pate deena eemss ete 734
CUBE IT sors So ROSE MEE ee eee 523
SETI COLO sais nice ose eniccee eee 734
haben-ChG scr... akc soe 556
CBOCOITE Gare) = 252). ee oo eae oss eee 805
GGIS WN aie oats ss ain Su nix cise nim si enracie ett 537
HOM Ot = eco aso kaos acca clase ae 709
Chudechite 2222 se ncee cece sscaecnie es cae 806
Page.
Phumicn Me sass ccc sec cinscee dan tee eee 819
Ge DEINCO =f oe e' hoch actee ci eoieeeneeneoene 817
eNO! ai ac.cs oa-ncee eee eeee eee eee 819
DAO Fe ols alse iso soccer eee ones 819
(HUMMISH UNO. setae s = selec tale ee sees 817 —
WBUR STS 3 a6 ct onae serchc sc aeeneceaaee eo 831
ChUNIp res aie « asictascorace sasmcecidseselaeoee 826
Chupandia sy. oo13 32.562 cise nace csc saeeerae 658
ChupanGilla ses 2. Joc cca eee 657
Chupire sz « </<sis:sncse ac sce aS-ise cree cise ete 599
Ghripirent-e noses. <A cence eee 599
| 6) 3101] 0)0 Mam ere oe eR ER eee ole ees A 599
GHUCAING Pet Scene atone aerosol Saeeeeeee 547, 549
CLOT EDLn Si a0 Se eee ee ery ae a 836
ORbC a RE eae neil no tislon ise oe 609
IAT ASE Riso 2s micas aceee Rae eee 524
Wid FOrOse aa. acc e seens eee eee eee 524
CiOSA-VASTA Acasa ca eee acd i eo! Sane eee 617
Cienfu gosta nd cisias plese se meeeeraw ae Rae acetate 786
CIMSITOR: + «cies a0 sch acon lsakeee See e ae 826
Cincomerritos...<2.c¢ Simos sciecen see eee 820
CINIMNO «5 sada sise ses sebaecicinee Bee eee eee 736
CHTIOS 5) ajecioscisinin@ nta\aioeieisie cise eeiee Cee REE 829, 831
CIPI OIA See. a as Sao wise sss baie Cees 655, 657, 659, 846
BEM Desc es aba ses oinisini< Sesion acer 656, 658
SPNIBTUNG 2c 5c cd ante uise ese eee Cee 657
Calentana. 2) o-/crotsiecs, otic wiciewaciackee Sees 657
Campechanas.: 2. .)ccciecniencoetaeee hones 657
COlOrad ase. 5 csentcocmsescadsee eae 656
COLL EDA 5 (oter- sialon eco ose eae * 609
Ge MERICO -ceiasexmcemeceinc cee sone 656
MOL DPAIS a5 Jisminesstersls ream ioweteeic oe seeeeee 656
MOC Si ak cb ccc cmesiac cen ReU Eee ee Eee 658
OGDDh sesso bese acbce mates heen eee 658
ROJAL,.. docs etwas is komeiosescmesiceoeeecaee 656
Cine te ace scoswemaeete meskee cesses 568, 610
Cintano = 25 52.5..8 cinco wiseainoe sencseece cence 543
CISSUS Ss BASS sRe ceeiad cise merce cence ees eee 730
Cistacese se. scisd. on cctuise aes naeeee eC 832
CISE SE OS cet ooleaa tins none Ree ee EGE Ee 833
Gifronls.*taca eeh costes wesc eee eee eee 524
Git 26 ei pasts osise acinieeeee nse See 524
CHV = - aismedsmeasceecciebinde ees caee eeneeeere 775
CIR VEL U6 aioe cfeticro ee cise AoE ees 780
GE0L0 Meas nsis..snsechecaaeareeebeeeeeeee 848
SHCarnad 0-2 2st esmoseisoac see eee EEE eee 775
Clavelling soo. 2s5-c558- cap baer acs seee eee eeene 794
Gevlaybarranca :.. 25 o./s</-2- oe ss eee 794
ClayielOn is 25). ciiacawascucce oulecee aeeeeeee 780
Clavill0:2 jn ook ee esc Sass tee eee 537
Clavode Olona. asicc sem aact eoehecee ase eeee 537
Clepe: Sash <m imam eisiasinsisloaes esses ia seer 715
CUR o Sa = a abisisind Seege ebicisinwce Se eee eee 823
CHUSI Be ciao ajeis 52 amcor cosh estnnseceneeeine 824
FAM Yao. <<)o onde eciereoee sn aieeeiaeaaeiactiss 824
GClasiacteae.oa.ct Soe cmcieeaenccne ene eene ese eee 824
Cneoridtam oo .ccjsecsicis mtn isomic ee sinteeinpolactione 528
Gnidoscnltss: aoc asacaealene nee ehee Seat ee eee 636
Coachwihip'ss-j2ncn<cnisicwnisemntesene = as eee 831
(Ofer es eel Se oe Aires ei ee 638
CODANO 2252s aicsinie winnie eo daiseism sieieeisciacmemee 560, 561
COCAE. S32 :n.c500 scecjsiocademecciece ccemeeteraeees 518
familys. 2.5 hon widoaaseceemaciieeeetesee 518
Cocaine sso 5 - caicnn centdon Goameeiseenteneuen 518
COCCHS AXING... jncmecakwapeenewetekeeaceeereee 641
INDEX, XI
Page
Wochese nen snchscecee eins ciats os menceceaoeie 738
Cochin Aen castes Ses ae ctasicisth aces oe cee kicetis 664
Cochiztzanotlecs-iicocteccenc ccc ce cescacecm esas 527
Cochlospermaceserna-s-accecenee cececrsee as 836
COCRTOS DERIVE tcare ss Sore sas SIAcen eet 836
WOCiLO Reman ener cee oases oak ae osc acca 836
(CHOCO ers Sa SER i eee tee sti Saas 805
WOCOME OMB asic asic 6 one ats cs a Seis oc Eleeos 685
CocOroncltiG:s.s ssscnjc.scecdee sa sesce ened 680
WOINTUTA se sta cs ins cjosece aa soewen cece aoe 576
COON OOLO! 5 nee nk oe tatoo sc aemeeals 836
COE 5 ao GUS Re re meer selene 796
deichanchonsss espana cosaa cee ee eee 798
Oma tase eae aasase oad aceeeciena mie 689
GOZOLM NO memsn sss neces aes aeeec te eeeee 531
Of T0035 aE SS TN ce at ea NIE 533
COUT e ae SOAR ene tan ce see eee 717
Wolliguayarcce seasenicecoc. occa tan ce ceetenee 649
WolotahiiGecesse asceesecnenoe el eee eM 752
CCOLUDEIN Ae er see tse teen cist ce ancece cc can eee 718
Comidajdeicnlebrass--2-c-ccesosesccne eae 844, 845
CWomocladigummsen cranes acne cece 662
Condall PAMEONIO: «cc cc science sence sale coee en 713
Won aligueser se aree semen awe eee cue ene 713
(CAG TRISTE TT Ht a a a ee 569
Contra ranilla de bestias-.....--..2-....-.--.< 698
WOnLIaVENONO se cameo meee teen eens 594
Wopaleeseanaceesetosces 543, 548, 550, 551, 552, 658, 739
SEIT O OS eretaxs stare te cteiecleta sie cietelanc aie eemerionts 548
La BOOS Omer eaiscisinisicie eemiseiscseisienienieeiiate 548
DIST COCs aes coor coco a ann munecre tte 551
CINMOSpem acre ee eee ee toe een eee 548
CHINGICOLOLAG OSs esonn eee ace eee reece 548
PIPE CA See seers ace cetera eet 551
SUC On eee easeccoae ene eemice einen saecnee 548, 551
Copalastloncar arenes ea en ae Seem 662
Copalchimetantece nate tn aoe eos cee 613, 614, 618
Copalchinepemetrs ascents ee een 614
Copalcocotersss.4- 22sec 52 ase cee coe 658
(COnalinies eee ent ona eee neeene 658
Copaliioneeassscce rae seas ase gene ee 665
CWopaljocotetee seca saree tae eee 658
iGO Te tee eet gaia aie te ES OS Rap ah Sa il ae 551
Copal oclossecs sae te ee eee esate eee 662
CODEC) hoe ee iret Et Meh Denia day bogra 662
Copaldquahtitizeeccns tees eee eer 543, 551, 661
Copalquin..... eatin rte ar RS Pld 552, 672 |
Copalxochititecs sac narccere csc oe a eee 543
WopalxOCOtleseassacccsnes soe aceon connects 658
CopGyeaaccer ere ace se cane at eet ensee 825
Woponeeeceecc tm atoccee et aas ee cee eae 547
Woqailoteessaase amen cce tee keceoeeeaee 640
COSI Ose ae se beSEsaes SeEeS SaBaeN seEoaaSueBe 794
Coraleeee rete coerce ace ete e ene sete 576
Me COMMA oases tele mine cece ene eee 732
Corazon DOM =e ccert . cance canes cman cmee 541
Corba-alling aaaceanetooacceccaen ces meen 706
WOlCHOLUS sacce setae eee oe eee toe aeeeee 736
(SOLdODAN Gewese sana ee ees act eee 607
Cordopancilote rss ese aceon neces 607
Wordoncillos ses sca saeco seen toeeee 530
Conlamyrtine: Seoten ce Acccne deceterc ame aeae 655
(OCETS Ye Ee Sa tae Pee anal Bah, eaialen 8 Sul ats Ahaha pli 655
fanily soe coossacn sere oe eat eees 655
WorianiaceaG sence ieee toons eee ae 655
Page.
Corona) deiCristoss.255-52- 2-0 eee ee 538, 539, 597
SANCA Reactor sane soese tc ae eee ae 842
Coronillanere sate) o5 ae nee eee 841
Worredsas- ce tastes so acaceeoncs ce eee 533, 669
CorynOstylistans. ccs 5ceG.cees. o.oo 837
(CODV ANON S aa8 enc = on see oars es ocd CEE 649
COSCOLi Gn saw sce cline e an rio ae: 685
COS tEXOC Obs t= cease ics ln ree e en 657
Wot tomers aes: psec nat ee aes 782
Cotton-ttee 4.02 seen iene oes Coe cea AEE, 789
PATTY 2 ars SRE Meas Siam ae tne nae ae nee 786
Coville s HOVae ocean ccc ieits tare eee a ee 521
Covill cals se ec acre pe ee ieee eee 521
Coyonllose scan cans eet ema ees 716, 717
@Wozticxocotles: scmeec. teen cance eee Ee 657
Coztilxocotlaes = seach ce Cee et ae 657
Grémeldecréolés:..-e-s6e5-05 ee eer eee 827
Crementillo 3. sss iac ac cake Cee aoe ee 846
Cremophy ims tes. nonce he Oa ee 623
Creosote bush...... SS see e eee cee ae 521
Crestaidesrallgtancs asec esac eae 668
CROTON ee cae essere heen kre ere Pe 610
BOSPCLSUS 2 wc sees ache eee Eee 616
alamosanusi otc. jasc see eee eo eee 618
Lbtd ai Sis ee ce ere Sacroe siete ne aa 617
Smiphileucus:.s.essse- se jane een eee eee 616
QNDOR CUS 3) cia mieic wane ees se cee eae ee 613
Der lan diertee ie cna5 oe aco eee 616
Californicistessssc—n ee eee eee ee 614
CAIVESCENS fet mes sais eee cee eee eee 619
ciliato-glandulosis.5.-2 055 econ eee eee 617
cladotrichus:2- cacesaes eee oe eee eee 618
Corvesianus®.“-sn2 sassec ac eae eee 619
conyambulosussjo--- sere nenes sere teres 618
GlOlCUS eA Pa. eee eee eee ee 614
ATACOMs cert ass naame ces icc ee eee 615
ehreniberailc wen ecco eyes ae 618
CLEED ONG OMUS Seen mn oan eee ee 614
EMNEAONOM ES: ae cehase nn cake te ece eee 616
Clitberia sce cet ce ccdo sabes eee 610
flaVeSCONS es = dae aatek coment eee Cee 619
fre OU soe oot ees nae enc R ee eee 619
TEANCOANUS...5. 5s 0e = teoe eee ee eee 618
fribicwlOsusso-cese sas eens one a eee 620
SAUMEIER ee see cael ee eee eee 620
plabellus 53ers vaccines otis eee pre 613
glandulosepaluss = --nescee ae eeeeeeee 620
QONZULEZI Se Seas soe ce Gane eee ee eee 619
Possy pltollus eo eeeee sence eae eee 615
QROLTIS =e eee ae AE eee 614
STOWIACLOLNISH A ace ean caer ear cee 615
UMS 2 cs eee ia cane ee ee ees 616
DY MOLCUCUSE = )--rinies set ORI ace eee 616
AN CANNUS = 225) -)-(a}s)taiaisletelo sine saaceesiswieawicrels 616
JUCUNGUS he seem sea-e oe oo seaeet caiseeeonts 616
He bmaniies Saeco eee anise caaee mer 615
INA CTOGONUUS = arsjatepceieciee eee sae eee elie 617
MASMAlONSO = on. cance aace oeeee ween 619
Mal VAVISCLLOWUISGesesee ce sae aee ee seers 620
IMOISSHOMlecce eee esac cee cmc cece 615
INO KICANUSsasea a teenie ocaencoetoe nace caer 618
IMIFAGOLCNSIS ets case ce nne Meese te Re Cee ae 619
MOLMOMUSSscoacceceonmes acon ceanes 620
TIGOMEXICANUSS ons comaconconceecceeeneee 614
WULVOUSs otras menor seem ee cee nee 613
OVGUIOMUSS conener ccc cendoces meat ancencs 617
XII
Page
Croton panamensis:¢- 52.5: t28 Seco eens 615
DENILUILUS So? ae Sas Orne ome e tose ane cee 617
DVINQLE Sot sete erento anaes tama eee 619
DSCUMOChINGste anes cece eet teen eaees 613
DUlCHer Att sseNsee sae se Ss hae eee eee 617
APOE ence omee eae epee ee SUABS ORES 618
REUOXITOMTISS oe tn Cee” Cae aoe ne eters 614
iGO ChneaetAteron-natsesace mee cee aniacc 617
EHSMINOMUSS a8 So eee aa ae nae 619
RCHICUEMILUS Sree tases ee sate Seas maaer 613
SEHICEUS 3 o 2 Sates mens e emt e seen 619
SHED ER UILC/ OUEST noe ens SRN Rss cates 616
SOlIN AT es Aas ae wena sown eee Ase yee 616
SOHOLS Css 82 Soa soso e ee aeance saecea ones 619
SPICE OLOT DUS a enna ie eae 620
STIPMACCUS 2. tances eosee se eeemate eee 615
RUMLOSTISC ee a aan ca nee nen ence eerste 617
SUSVEOLONS=5 5208s [Steet came eee ecaee neces 616
SUDOLOSUS os co se acedinsa es seter se sees 615
SUDITACIISt Aso Reece see tetas sce emencen 618
SULUALICUS 2 sae eee take aee eee eee ee eee 614
TOMUMNODUSE staat e te oo seer eae ean ess ee 614
BOLLOVANTMS = hanes es eae se tenes a 618
PAC NOCOM PINS Se to Ne een a ae eee eiecier cee 619
PALLCLIOTUUS oats Cor one ee one eee eee oee 616
WHLSOM as Saeco eens eae Ane eee onsen 616
KAAPENSISH SS! SIT SSS Aas se cosets ss 618
EEO HOLE NODS se nace censor ct area acmas 597
Oia CCUG ares a ae peerage terete at oe 715
Wunpillasens stone saree isee sss hoa lees eee 538
ISTIACAINOLE eee ees soc ce ee stat ate meisaeie 643
CIN COSS As ee os a es ccdsccec a smamences 645
EAGT AI ee eras San en ees St ST ae emrarae ate 673
CladTadOt 22s e ace sacs caters seer eae 643
Mera SOR tas cee ace els aan eine eae 741
NGUIRUIGLES 82 re oe ee te tae oo eereets 809
WuAICHASLIC! “Cease ene ns oe ee to Sa 722
NCS IGT Oe ae ee eet oeen sees 665, 794
NIT Osos ceo oma ace ene ne aia 546, 550
TO) Ln P00 Yorgi a aR oh aa ee thes ach i cot Oy le AR A 665
OLA ve Uc peek ie A pean ea emer eit rari AS 546
COLOTACO nee saree 548, 549, 550, 551
(ca 0 Ks ee ee Bee ta een ate Nees I ree 549
Waster tears et onc ome ern ain cere Sater ate 697
Cians bichon eee tem toe ae wie 686
CHADS OME sce ete oaks =e esis erie eeisic eaieaiat 617
(OTC ee Seis ane ean, ela sese 541
AU UAD ALAC cerctee mie See ae cio eto teense aie al 645
Giantess aac eee sm eee eee mie nies aee ar 615
Granchalate ns is oe ee Se ae asieaces 673
Criachalalate...2= 24s .. e ee sesece oa oasis 673
Wunmchalalatit: -s2--- == sees ese ones eee eae 673
Gari Ghalalotel sce ae sera eine anus ania se 673
Gramhmeeatle sis 52s -wi= oe cee c= sees See ne Ss 695
ISAM ANNITA Cao saci. sens ie ita loaner tae 739
(CP GLH OES 6 Joa eee ees Sesego- esos Se 739, 809
IeIMeCTiCs. =. 6c oe ae einen mma ae ete 698
CueHaTWNlO cic. = an ats as Sei Seleeefonigas Sse ete 554
CRS CURR ee SBME BE ee eaes 798
(HTERNO IG CICA DTA: can ane esse este aE an ees 705
(Cyr: 2 22 Ve ee - See Seee er aooeseae a 783
GHlipRCOpallesc <9 nas woe ee -caee seetsne eee 549
Giitlaxochitleeeee tno cee deci eee 600
COLTS RTL AR ee ee isn eioe= seminne et aan 706
CHUA THLE CAS SE Gaets ten ie ae ere ee ee ss 708
Page.
Crips seat oor ao! eaten ee ee ae ™ {657
Curatelastsaes soos ete es eee 819
Cnratellalesse "osc le hs seo eee ae 819
Gushiqee se ss oc) 2h 50 Pn ees Se See eee 808
iayamel esas fst Veer eee Lee eae 701
CUCIOSTIO TIO Ee 0 St SaaS SNe ree eee aa ee 615
(Chip EN Se ees acme arte Cia, Marte ited ed 22 673
Lea hy seyees aia ieee Sve is SS Needine emi lie Cot 673
Cyrillacencet. fila trek eens ee See eee 673
Darga 0; C2 0} era emma ce alepers mie ln wiles Ome 658
COP RIO TS OFA rey ante sce eo 706
Delecham pias 5. ok sane esa eee 623
Wal emMPeVt ass. saclscosiaae serosa ease eres 646
Dam SAP WAS sae eee ee 780:
AMAA Sacre ee eae Cee 848
PIGSYCOTYE Sooo oa. cer ee ee 658
DP) a OS See eich cea eee ee 734
Wa willayss 3 coat occa ee eee 817
Decatropiss: 555.52 eee 538
NB) <1] cf: ea a a aN eee RIS oP SN SCAT A | 622
DERG Cte oot Oot Oe Oe eee eee 783
Delmas ooo kassec sete eee 818
DeMajar lant ccnecee cas sees Pee eee 780:
DEqQhiye os jsiac cee es see eee 805
Diadenranids 2 shar So eee 606, 607
Dis7MBermalicn=<s¢2tcsskens -secee tele 524
DICLAMINO. Aegeci ce tgte Laer Sok s Sees abe eA ee 605
Dictanto realls® tes Saaz sees hee eee eae eee 605.
Diente deculebra-c-- as. ness 0cnes2 cas cee 696
Dillenia fRMilyacke. se el ees eee eee 814
Dilleniaceselwst sac cae 5 2.65 oo ese ne Se 814
Disc plins eas 855 <S8Ssee cet Saeco eee cane ae 794
DL FARISSA A Sees) Bene ed Se ee ee 620
Devanadore.c2 ss o56 foseen ase oe ee ee 709
Dd GnSear 2 sett of) are es ee eee 705
Hominogniilors scars oer lyk ee eee ae 617
Doncellasi-.e4-55 sn. tkes eee cseeme esses 708, 794
DIAG Ot: fib a sete et ane cee cee ee eee 638
DuUrAmMNlOrs. 55225 72s! Eee ee eee eee es 725
Hawde creole: 2s" 225228 eee anne ee ae 827
CDMA hs Shs. beeen and tee ca eee ne ree 619:
ISChINO PTEnYS: sce soc seo ae oer 570
WkeDalaiMissclacsn2 Sse. 2 Beeson eRe ee eee 619
Biseocarpaceae 2/832 0 AeA en eee 734
Ea G0canplis familys ss <2 oe seen aoe es 734
Blacodendronlss222 s55-eecee seen eee eee 685,
Blaphrrumis =< 5232552 53 sees se cece eee 543:
aloexy Oni enes 20h et hee eee 551
BMGUIN 82 (INS See cre cas eee arene 548
SLIONSO sags eshesassececaccceenaceeeneae 552
] 3) hes) fo) ie ea ee SEE sree i aeateae A 550
Ipitlonuwm: 23525552 ca cetee comccee cee 550
bipinnatums -332 esate eee eee * 548
ORECKY POC oss o soe ce os coe 549
Cerasiioliwames: 282 eo ese eee eee 546
Collintime 3552 S56 oo ee eee 548
CONUS WAN fos So Ses ann Beene eee 549
copaliiferums sss 2254 c825 222500 caer eee eee 552
COU ORES Sas Saat BISA Ns Scraper 549
CUNnEAbUM I 2232 eee ee een ee 551
Giversiolitim 2225.2 SS sass a nasetieses 548
CDINNALUIM FE. os he pees ee le ee eee 552
OxcelsuMms. 25-7 ase eee ee ee eee 552
LA PAT ODES! © ete ae ee eee 550°
fiheriolumis ees a eee ee eee 551
galeotiianum s.\7532: 0) succoe sees 549
INDEX, XIII
Page
Elaphrium) glabrifolium’ 2.2. .-s22-e eee 552
DOMME Arm set Stes as orate nh, Rees 552
PIAchlesAcchas cnt 2s eee eh aAN See ha AE 548
PrAnGiolumis= = +4 eases hee See eee ees 546
PTAVCOLCTIS AP Ee CATALES whines 3x ret es Pe 550
heterophyiumi At ss6 2. een eee nee ee 547
RENASTOTUT EEE 2s St ok ee 2 Seen Seat gee 552
Foriuliense:sss* 225 22 Fr d= sree ce as te eeeee 551
KAT WANS KAT tees Aes ons oT Pew ea eee 546
ROBT settee eaten eta nd ee 5 ee 546
lanicifolimesss< 2225S". c0 sk tack ere 546
LOGIN OSI F alte ane ee ne 8) ey 551
Neexcl LOY ATIONS ES. oa 8 ce a 550
longipedunculatmme = 2-2 he eee ee 552
VONPIPCSHs A ete Ae ELAR EMS He vt token ee 547
microphyllwm) ses es es tp eek eae eee 548
TUNG USUI Ae Leer eee ee ee ane 546
QUO VALINE REO ehee <= Mee eh cae ee Le 546
OCCIICTIOLENe ys eis Fweder 8 5 we eh ia og 546
OdoOratiaias=s 282 pe enna neal Cece ak 4s BME 549
OP OLIN A At 28? eh ad ay) «eee ea a ON 547
POUNTOSUN ES ete nc ene cee ee tent Renee he Coun 550
DEniciNapIIMets Lee ase es eee eee pees 549
ELORUNTE-E nee eeO SA MEODS eh Meee, Seed 549
EU OLCIA Sees pa sere ae a en OEE 549
DELDeESCeNS= 28s ste kee steak ens ess ss Senay, 550
CUCECLALCHSE=* se ene ass Seek es Men eee s Seiets 552
EHOMOMUMES Senate anaes eek nee = 8 Renee 552
NUDE eee seen eee eke eek Hee eee REA me AE 550
SCHAIMETIE A. = Shan oss tae tay sender epians 546
Sciied canum: s+ i*s6cs8s sh bash fac net ee Ie 551
Sessiliflonamess = seas ee kee x eee ke eee 552
SUMATRAN eee ent ease es LE A ony ore 547
SINT CHOMUIMNE SS 8282 Ss SoA ARR eR eens 546
Submoniliformes ss sss" 5:55.) s5e8 ea pete 55!
Sib pUbeScenSs-es ease eee eee eRe Se eee 547
SHbLEMOMATNIME Aee= 4A ess knee en een a ereeel 545
UCCOMMACARREE= tan sts e eters eel atin ey dd 4 Be 559
TAGS e ss Se See ee ees ew Rs dn A een 545
BlemindeiMexico ses 5s2022 2222 cee yee anteoee 551
ICQUGUIO SE RNSE este nn keer e eee es wakes eo Te 547
PIS OLIEREAP RARE EA = SRO SE es ee he Rae es Ree tis eds 594
Maar aeeee Se tee es ones ens oie ote TRE 78
RATT A Taos = = =e eee a de Boos ew es ha 8 EEO 835
Bnchiadondessasseas sf essence cen ke sh BRNO 617
TCIM ase ee eee oS ee ee he ea 614, 616, 618, 620
Hnredaderase fee. Ret sare carne es 4s 4s RE 712
EDA NA UIE See St cece ca wet ech se ke x eee 614
inblichtiaveres het £22 seek pee oes ee is ne 9 AES 847
TIOGENAT OSE eee mee ee eater elite See ee 789
OCUMINGMUINS © == 325 SSe eR Rektt Shee tee 792
MERCURIO Ieee «hes ay oe ne ne de rs 792
QT TUCTULOS UT eee eee Ree SSL Ee 2S eee 791
OCLLTENII Cee eee ne eee eee eee nn em 791
LOMENLOSTIM ens eso Seems see eae 792
IBi ay ed (B00 thas et remem a a a a a 785
TIZOeee steer cee a SRN TE RN Sh BB 738
TET OLEMM Ente oe Peet ce Ae eee Ree ene Sena See 823
EUV UHNOCHILONEEE eee teens etek er eee ees eee 530
Ty PREOXylaCewe 7c CEA Et Seceee ots ene ees 518
Ehytnroxylones: <A: St tettt eres sect eseeeeeee 518
Mscandalosasrojac. sac ect set Set cee eieee es 780
MScobareen sea. SEGER EER ORNS 2 Sete entere mee ata 765
IMATE ALC UE A Sean ONE Ke ed od eel ne as Se 765
palWosasaies teketeeee a2 acse eee? 765
Page
Hscobebillasteeecdess5:5..522525 tae 789
HMscobillaecssse2s s2225tscde2 ce seteeeees 566, 576, 765
ainarillaseesce sie ss2u sete sees teccet = cae 743
HscobibatGule@s- ca: 224 <sass22hsesczceeae see 765,770
Bscobolssisese res ssssaectdsectes eee eee 765
DSculimtyee eects sete she oases cnet oe 691
Bsenbeckia#<<2<t2--cck sssset 222 52- sees 535
Bs pino=ees2es Siz tenth eedscssace seas 533
Tubialessset ccsssesesheseesssssse eee 533, 534
PSpumillacce2:isccsassece bese cdesccee sen cee 712
Wstancad era: #42 -s-2es2c422escsecsscessetess 804
Hstrelladeveanamsn.. ste ee eens see 775
Hstribillowwexssse 222 2cteeenecesecsas eee 554
HAUMECANENUSe = 22 a2 ese esse cescaeeee eee 602
MUON YMUS == 5<2242524+2e eee sees ee 678
Buphorbiaess etek cten.cceceeeeeseseeee cee 597
anthomyiecceeience ob cece eee 602
antisy philiticas-- 2. -e eee eee 600
Denedictom jhe tke eae kek tt ee 601
blepharostipula.-=~-2=2222 22222222 oles 602
bracteatoe Pees teenth eee 606
californica:c:- +42 .23eecne2 eae ee 601
calyculataze:<2222enet tc eeeen eet 599
CORY ENG oe o'2 = Aen hen eRe eee ee 600
chidpensistes--:ceteeke ceeee eee nee ee 602
Clapionensisae i. 2 ate seeks sees eee 602
colletioides=-2++<sseksteesst ae tee eee 604
COMONMUANEs 255 5sh08 2555 eee 601
Consoquitiae: <2 -e-seseseeene eee eee 601
cotinifoliase- = ss2s0s2-4e4scns ere 603
Clasticasssisis saxsetcsnkssecesueste eee 599
Glatiaience tess ss hicccceccdee sce 599
JOSMO8O- <2 2222 Sszase cane e cee Teese eee 600
fruticulosa-csct sce acde dpe seetene ees 602
fulgens¥écf<accttcccccscenteeeee eee 601
fUlivatce:dectescekecet chest nec eeceeeeeee 599
gumnoelada: a2: Sextus csc ceBccecnkeeeeeere 603
RiNGSIONG =< e2 see ekicsae He seeecee eee 601
jacquiniaeflora=225-=22.25-sc2skceeee eee 601
latericolor: = acct iecceencccceeacn eee eee 601
leucocephala--<. 2522: 5:-2eeceeeee eee 603
ligustrimaie.-2.c-epchew teeter eee 604
longecormuta - 22: 252242522 eee 599
lucii-smithil--2225222.62226he-cseaeeeee 603
magdalenses.c22.2.ccecctsccseeaeenenee 602
MOYONGseeseesecuetaskecsseencsecc eee 602
MiSeracce+ 22.0. kkeccteheetaseeeetc Pee 601
melsonit=sec2sahc hss eccsesstetsectsseesheee 602
OBKACANSR «154222222004 cheeevesseeteoeeee 601
OcCUlid=sn4 i¢e2nes2esde see iascass tases ceee 600
padifolideetczsekss cet eeeee sean eeeeee 604
pegamoides::<<<<cxtécceck see 602
Mlichtar.<2:<eeecscssceseetsehseececssoee 604
pulcherrima: --e-.22cssscescecee cee RES 600
TOSSIANAPEss peck eee Leak ee See ete ee 604
schlechtendaltis=:<<2<=..2s<2 442 ese caer 602
SCOLMNGs S252 2scettetsetesssccsscseecces 603
Splendens cis s:2c2ccbse2cicescttensteeen 597
tithymaloides:.<c2sn cute eaketsneeneeeeeee 605
tomentulosa-- A +<-24ke en ceek anes en Bee 602
tresmaniae-<2--4~...ccn<esceteucneceee ced 601
tricGlortz<cc<ce china ccesenene ce ceenenntas 603
DESCY PD Races theses taste hee s eee 633
bch) Lek eS 603
MYylopoOdas.:ss=cccstescsesssecsseetecctes 600
Huphorbiacese= =. 2).22<o-cen ete ete encarta 595
XIV
Page.
A phon DIO ena ON ae 2 </a:n/- ean /e'< =2 s/aise cain eel 599
WUT A sees sete as asceeceeasecetesieciseesscaeue 822
HEC DECEIT a eso hoc oe ac aes cones ecloe eae 647, 648
IBYRO GNA stort Acrsinnaeine winds sen see someones 706
YZ UATE S ,5 wis) sia o)=jais) <icinbine /ea'ets's aere's wala 61
USOT RS mea sane ania eeiea’s Gis 533, 534, 535, 537
WAP ONIAls seein nace ctisioseoadsicicstessecheebe 520
Malsa/alcapaira....-.-.-\----<.--- SSeandcoo26 521
HAISHIDORWOOd ee scl co sce ees ces oe edccle Seeds 680
WAN EGHAM IEEE as soak cose eciose ce ses een epeee 806
SC ey eee oe Breast o oes aeiceesieties Sar ae 730
iish-poisoning plants. .< ....-.-\siccasse-- <n 701
SERCO UMMM ee oe wre a vie wise mleisie G'< che sintereciels epee 841
PAIN Webs one he scicaesscmskins ce emeeenees 838
WIACOUFIACOAC ==. -swomacicccccus ecorecceseers 838
WMICCRETOL so ncot a canes oe cccaeeccsumiacescckeice 837
LOMAS AITSVAT Sa). - ccm e aces aeneebeciee mace 594
GEICHORORRes sca see se ctae cc semineeseeiaee 788
GWeidiciembre: = 3.2 -22.cssssccconesken 569
MOUMMEZORE | ood manok acies caste bee ena oe 600
Ge WAMBICR . Son eee cee ccGecneseeceeeene 779
GelssiManitas..<.- 2c ccc cmacnacensws ene 796
GelielaviOM eso 6 ees wicicis ainisis. sian 537
GE MIN OMS 55a ds ces cceascnc scene seeeet 603
Ge INOchCDUCNA: 222.5 s-csse on cmeases 690
OND BISTOL oe pin aeis Somcie a nie si cineeeeee ee 778
(ofcpl at: CV: ee a ee ieee te Paes 600, 603
de:santa Catarina... -..<.5.<..cdemaehceerete 600
CEN AMONG: < ain ote ieiaiciniwiniwicisl os winds esis ete 781
MO WENAGIIOZ 6. 62 oes cciincnis oninciaeleaheeee 560
PTOTORO Ne ae anon oeseun ss aces eee 836
LONG BDO WOO saci < acs adaiele Seinel aie aoinie 682
TUIRG) LGC Re eee Ie Ss ise 681
ROW TONUS cic scisice sob sistas aisles cient oamae 829
MOH OUICHACCAO =)... -.ccccsseecctwitecccisneeeete 828
EAU OCUIO -. osccacin tesco tals saccnie ois asce eee 637
PMA O} ON. 2's <)aten ie Fae onios waisisince sais emeeye 637
REANKONISS 25. -. Seven ce ecm -cacmsecesemeneer 827
RAMU a. 2 soo sciassatccsecseeeehsteeeee 827
MrAnKkeniageC@ae... sa. <0.-odsiemosscaes saci tinaeits 827
Lies aa nyc ane at OE eRe eee Ona ee see 797
PCMDI = cance cu sae deca salons asec eee 797
Hremontodendron:. . 22... .n.<. cei eesmagaes 797
RFESNO 5236 on toot week ckiesacese ens s seems t ere 667
TUNCHCH Ee oe onc saan oniden a awcascnacwenetaeaa 823
MTOSt Weed se Jes en suis sels occees cee wcuemmemes 832
WWatttHlO=seemace sant fae aes oaew ck coche eels 717
Galina ee so. fan ca sab eats aceeSacs oo eee 536
Ginilardehe ma. an cimincaiseas esisione seni = eee 780
(CRUE OE 52 ARS ene HAO SABE CRA BEeee o- one 610
Gallinitaseen. 23s 555 otcciejaioceeiss coe ater 573
GallitoicolorsdO: 38sec onc kann coe nate 605
(RONG OSE es coe =c cei ceccs seco asc oseeseeaeee 606, 820
OU DRUNU eos soo owe oalecce cs occ ek eure 568, 569, 572
Garam bulloOs.- os... eens ss aoseeen coe eee 715
GarbancCiloe. 2 o< = cccesscnate ces teee eee 555, 567
MARC te ten a 502 chee amiun oon sie cece eee 620
GMarranataecs soso sesocSecccececesee Sukteoad < 715
Garrapatilac occ iisc coos se Sec ce eeR eee eeee 554
ANT OCHO.s sashes ances oceans acecockoeeseeees 788
RO ALOAG Oia os occ Sats cio nah scene sn seaneeeeees 560
GRO ee ea pape ce sees =o ctlaces ve snssetnce 798
Mandichandinten-s-0s. so5ccucscsee osicie gases 570
LAD OSB SGe OBS ETO CREO OECACABEE toe 575
GY Bi aoa oid iscicns oninic sinis enloina deine s colonel saer 759
INDEX,
Page
GitALON. 6226052 2nd sas saa smaseesacee ee aes 538
Glossopel gions 03. a5. Sor. 2oecee sence 681
GOStNUta as seins scenic ote smactmetasee seeeeas 654
Gobermadora. --..2 5.02.2. <2: <---2 aera 521, 538
Goma devim6n.-- 55: cscs ce sssces ee oeeeeee 551
Clemieno scan oss oese one saoe ames een een 548
Gomez; (CasiMIlOe. oseesacee <a as sepa ee eer 526
GOM DOs a5 ese ein is/are ao eae eee 819
Gooseberry, Otahelte. .2= oeoc aoc eae etieecees 609
Gord OlobOsec2cieewisnc -ccamsee ee ceeos tees 618
Gordoniaes. 5. sa gsscaesace ceecses eee 821
GOSS YPM 2 ooo 5 os oSaee wee et eee ee 782
GOUSUIG-55.. ccc den case ceisd aoc asa eeerise 711
Gran aging. ooh cess cc.coice sem eee ee Ree 705
GTAP Oba nie os hab a tiswerssidecce es Sands. cca 728
LAM Yoo ease ccs cies hee eee 727
Grapeitiit. sas6cs-n- cacnsseee cme es ceseceteeee 524
Grenadin: « ..o<25 5255 saceecmee creeper eae 705
GTEWIOR. cesta cae sence eeaneee see Ooee eee 737, 740
GTOSAN Siac 3c cera eicope lee ieee ioe ios aoe eee 609
GUuAaDAD): 226.6 osac sock ce eot. coe eens 555
GuaCAM Ot. 2 = 22.2 secsk ss - eden ese See ee eee 644
Guachapure de la sierra....-..........0.---- 744
Guscims amarila . =. cc. seme eiee eee oe eee eee 738
STIS 2.23 5s cca cnisoscnsie be scisinaee eee 738
PODS noacscss ccas scnawseeswine «seCeee eee 809
COLCZO’ ate ss jninin cin warns oe cen om aeons 734
Ge COSES cae cjaisicle.o. 2 oclcdenaise = so eee aeeetes 840
VATA aes arise wis cieeietel aete ete eee 738
Guacimillaze << soos onenca ek clear 737, 798, 809, 840
GUSCINO 2:55 <.cenciance aces ~e ec oe eeeeeeeee 738, 809
7 COLOTAUO. Seo ccs wisicis sacs late) eee eee 809
MACHO! 5/5 sonst eajaceceineciine essere 738, 809
mMolenilo’. <od)08 is ccee ees see eeeeee ee 738
GOLCIE Os 6.022) ac cans acer ree Ces Beeeeee 798
GUSCUMG oom sees icine a sande eeamlenineeeante 809
GuUAIACUIN. «-.<05 ssc see ew ae se eke ee eee 522
GUISE «5:25 5ocn:58 oi cisig cic ape oem biel atel RS 555
Guajilote.......- odbbcabscdsbcessessce ces so- 794
Gualulo oc. Jone oxo cnssncmeasceaaer oes 709
GUBIMIS). 3 aim ce Gind catiarennioeie & sae See EERE 521
GUS O soos one otiotn ad ainaaisicinee cence oo eee 662
Guare blanca... <<: = a5 0c tsacase toaceeneee ec 707
Colorag sa = 055 22 sees ee oon ee se cnoces eae 707
6 C0Sta an et se. O28 ec sete ek ace 707
NB CNO sees iat c cue awees aecaas en eaee 707
GUIATS PNR O 32 21s) sae jae eine Sade mooek <2 eee . 557
GUISTANG coco ase dema ccs nos cee cee eee eee 701
Guaranine....2 jc2ecch=as-ccesecsose ae ee eee 701
Guardalapua <..-c'nacac ce rosea cen dees 668
GHIAT OA ne oss so sins ok eee eee 557
GUATILOLOS- - 6 cee ae oe woes cee eee eee ee 636
Guasima 2c sis5552 5022 cn ose c eee eee 809
GMAIL. ach: teaciciecmae cess saseiseine tee 668
Guayabillos..'32 signe cawdescisms see se eee eee 844
Guayacan .<- 2. cco sssbecesaceanece 522, 523, 524, 809
GUAYVAITOLO 2 )2'=.- =.) aisscciene oc ome seule cece 685
QUAY Os las con scsoe cienecenececseeeaswoeercene 708
Guay inc fc race ossscequsesacesse eaeateeeae 720
GuAzima: 25. 2c demons sae Sones <p 809
GUA ZUG ice to oc cis sto os caloo es ee eerie 809
Guh-Vaea 5 -nc)c acces caine ves semesie memes ee 645
Gilizapol de borrego. |. - .-.22- <ceteocm scare mre 741
GUIZ920 Ssic-nicuascese sametecises ne ceee ees 743
Gecochino:. 5.5. <2). 052 sees nes ences 743
Gumbolimbo: 3. oa26.<c05 0020 3s2 een eteeenee 548
INDEX,
Page
Gimind ass se -ohcetwich once sine c awiciee eee 680
GyyMMAN thes fo oo. se cieiectewsicleige siemens eho 647
GUMNOSINGI Go -Soc cea occ ces Se aceeeoeeeeeee 653
Tay eesiee wae Sones Head ecco cis ae 645
derGusatemala).-..2 <5 5 sse eee aaann osc oee 645
GONNGIORS Se eee es cc sanc tocahoneee eens 645
dean enacio: a. 555255 cinco mone 645
1S Fepey DN SS eee ar ee ee aes CIS - 645
PERNT ayaa oye mss Sig ese ese eis eee ees 832
EVAN OD osc ts-ots waren cisese ae ence ajeeiceacns 786
Hand-lower, (lee j,=.2<.-.< 5 sco sencccmeteceee see 796
EPASSCLLION Petes Meee assoc ee tees saint Ee 840
HETAZ Ob pW Wieser corte Shee nccnkwicSinm ein eheeeee ee 654
Hederaiquinguefolia...-,---------s2euseeses= 728
EV EGTON CIS sec ee cease en seme e cee 521
EVE GLONG OS «5 sioee cele cisco tise esiniseentseheaeee 521
PACIAOMINEMEWM ne wciee nie hoe wiviaeeiewiee eee 832, 833, 834
TONIC ORGS = Spee ar anise icisiererajai ccc ct eee ee 797
QPEL GS asrarerssoebekiecac cu sastetee eee 795
HET CLIS tiger mememncecesensaincces ence aueen 530
ICH OCANDUS Hee ecatrectintconcccss Sate ae 738
PETOMIS Qe get orci ars ee Sarcewies aise oe eee 738
PLOrIM ANNI S eyesore Sece Gace aiscatencessise enone 798
[ELT AN pa SOSA SIS SEE COT BE CER EC DOD CEB Se oc 633
FIPTERONET ER meron eee ee oe eis ok aioe a 833
PLIBIENODLChIS Mexico cE eee eee eee 572, 575, 576
DCODUICENSIS = Bo oe oye Ses dajanseenaco se eee 575
ABDORESCONSaite = caicioemice heen e Pe ee 577
ORO OMLED tais,<.5 = Sua ofan sale atinaciaiae nee 576
DECCREY ONG amo am ono eae oe ners 577
COLIN A ONO ate as Soto seus crsiars mane 577
LOT AD UNED worsens aiaia-5 S52 «jarelsinre crass RE 576
QO CUO: main cies 5jn)a0is,x 332s eee 577
LON GH O OS = Seite eat, tapers ara ESOS 576
DOUG rosters a/el azote aiejncinrss oes 577
DOLINENI Rae hae Aine so aeeasins de ay RO 577
POTN ANG aoe Seals 8 os S13 aie ss Oe 577
UUCAUUTENS 1S a= sore sia es Saxe eee Fe 572
ENUDISCUSH)c s2- Suc cowscsaaeneecwst <i eSeeeeee 777
BCetOsaelOlWUS. asa Fo soon oka aS 782
WCRONIOIDES SAS ne sae Se race SE 779
ACICMIARISE ee ss ace oahu cee ee 782
GUSINAUS Sse a San scum codeine ea 778
WZUNZLE oe lain a ya oe aeeeriaeise 779
DET MIN OSORIO 2 oo. oa ohn ae 780
DifTCatoS Rs so. 2k oe ee eee eee 778
DISD USS tee csactis os coec ccoece eee See 781.
OTE CLED SRS ee Bc a2) 2h 779
Drasiliensis; A235. sec Sa cis ce eee » 781
Cardiophylusseessces.sac5-5 2 ose 780
Chinesost are stenos e285. isc cele ee 781
Chy Pea tase. seins diiscininceicc ove eestesnieees 780
COSERULUS Steir gary - soe sos e ae 778
COMICON eaters son ron ssa he a 782
CYANOMV MUS Soyo atic ccs> cco ane wise cee 782
COnTiGaGISite tases ao kena eo eee eee 781
CLILA Sera ee aio atlas eS ee 779
GlePaNS ea seas: acs oe 782
PSCHIGN TUS 25 Gay ee oe ats ee oe 777
PUT COMATUS Sessa sce 5e ens oe cee 778
ROCKIT DINWS oes cos 5a 5 Oe paste os 781
laviaterioides* (3 = es sas se eee 780
IVR TN OG ie Sn Goes teres ea He a 777
MOLSON eee eels feta & occ 778
OLU DRY LAGS Safe oe oot ser tre a eee 781
XV
Page
Ea ISCus\puUnpUSIL shea e eee eee 781
BLDI ONS. or see sate ee een eee ee 782
POSA-SINONSIS= 5 «ares 2 ee Bite seca ae 780
Sad arilia | 57 esas). cee tere se ae 779
SEMIZOpOtAlUS= Saco Nee mes seceee eee eee 781
SPINEL ee «hot seee coe os Sao eae 771
spinalises ase joes ons cc eee seo 779
SYTIACUS Nose tasmanian toc torso seers ee 781
LUM PICENSIS |= 2 hmiaials scenic Sees Soe oa osteo 776
ALL ACOUS hc dard rrctaceh cone aon oncbe hen sce 779
EUDLAOBUS ae eis on sess patio ja setae ass 779
RUTUCT TELUS carn os afottrch oot) SI oes AS 778
DID A COWS Se ere aicttore cia os aeeraany aac 781
Pie dina ese ete tects ise ctetie to ateclen teats dete 668
IMA 8 sy atcrstawais corse Stes ee = ee 668
Malena oe pees oe cise sees eae weeec 668
iElierbalderchivatos--sssacerseeasseees sa-eese 700
Celera s 335 et aecsreretrseierasteeonceup enacts 617
dejlaicucarachas-se-- asec eeeee ac eee nee 705
delaiflechai. = -easocerosecs se easeas 648, 651, 652
Gevlaipastora s-c.—.seccaee sees cess 848
GeliDUOyieaasesscsasecetewenwls chins siadigs 731, 732
Geliekneen 35-5 ecicaeacrcescas-eens shes Stee 630
Gelilay Onsss5- a claeceaceee seesens coeeaee 537
Gelicuraz cco ss eee cs ee saaeeie- eee 821, 822
deltrato soe ao seen weaec seneeaccas cee 614
Gelsplojoz scot cacne seen meheres ne ee oaee 569, 686
Gelpuyo)=.. o<<c acess <tesaccesoseeeaeeces 686
delisoldado...-- s5.c sees eee eee 801
delfvenados)....-2usis2S5 cee eee 569, 848
Gelézorrillo: 2--)55 2c caaceeeae cee Soe eeeeEe 614
deremazcal 2). enscaene sarees ren Oneeee 671
NOCAS. Vaio, o 2-2 apiece asec meelaweee Reese 620
MAA) crac cosadcescekstes sees sorecietene 603, 652
IMALAVCL. 22s acinpecaecacwincs sitios cues 681
TOUIN Boece aasa = eee aie eee 827
FRI CROMYINA 2555 c= cones cinieaisse= cee seen 608
i gpueraimfermal- 7... 3.28. secceee eee een 622
Hi gueretaclmarrona. = 4--<2-\ssseeeeeeee ees 637
AP OUIOTUN ==. 2 22a arate meisiw sats SIS ORR ROE OCEE 622
I peril Os). ceredaisieyesiss.« se sisree es Saeeeeseee 609
IDEBVOS .-oe-ssscisaccstwalseccese sine sees 652
Mi pu O = S252 of eeasasweeeeicene een ee Ones 609
Minchadoricc «aco deceaenceassosceessebeeeeee 667
ineha-NueVOS = ac.cs-2eee ses cee ee 650, 652, 663, 668
Hippocrates 2.382. 5-c-5--eo-ceemecse eee 685
family ss 32 22 Os ncedsacncceresecceseeeeee 685
Hippocrateaceae: .<.<sccs<c.seseccms sem eecees 685
Ii ppOMane . oe <jse = sso ee a ceseremsasceerne ae 649
TAIT R08 5 1s to c's ioe aio nies som sists sss elenlactaetemeiers 572
CEU MANGAL a3 wiao<:ajmarva\sasieresis sare ofaeiarele ee 571
QT EGG «cosine ccceascaise peso see eens 573
VlOCING oon oscecnsoemtwee eee earner 573
IMOCT OPEN Waa: Seo 0501 0:c lias as.cinie eelenie ie Siem a= 573
METICUNM Ea Ss coon ccscssesenete cease geeee 572
MVUCN ONG 3s xcies cestaine eae aissoncecsensstee 571
ORYOU 352 ase ana.s see shaiis ss eaimecmsecness 571
DTI PON WS <a aon aa aie eae seicsceeess 574
DOMOCOT Pls so n.s ia acs 00/5 <0 e/a ainsi siaiate's'alarmraae 571
OLY DOLLY Gs arses a sicietas< => jase wei eee 574
BEDLENUTIOMUES oa. cc clon alam oe anaes eee 573
SETICED SaaS eC fais aasiasiSen et caelacioee se ieee 574
SPACIGET res calajcia's sinc otis sce since snes eae 574
LISINGET OS = Snore rasa sae aos alcee als ols oa ee 841, 842
IZA acon cos siscls osccsewe se ceccns sess eciesea 651
IT OAXACEN S 26-5 scsi cesses eee acincecce sock 522
xVI INDEX,
Page
13 (0010 soe eee eee resect Sei 656, 657
opal S62 22 cesses Se see ssaseeee see 657
8 io) 29 6101 | eee eee eee iiccb ceases 818, 819
AACA Seek SNe ye eae ees epee eee 819
15 10) et eae te ee eR Le hit 779
DS UNE Ye 01H ak: Beige i hee ee ee eg 539
C0 De tt ae rs ie ah Stee ek Sette ee 674
Calforniareact essen ee eee eee os eoe es 726
PATTY Sees see ae eee eee eee 673
EN CLG tere seen ee mee coe ee eee ae eee eee 779
EEOMISNI Tre sere het one Samco cnet enc eee eee 839
HL OuUGUrAaSHaanOSANY 2. hs. c2cshecae sects eee 561
ODS; SUbStitmbe tor 01255) Aes see es eee 531, 705, 712
12 Gyo rihe 2 SO ae eee Seer ee eine He 531
EVOrSe-CHESUNU Ds fe assceecsccesese ones sate ee 691
ETT hp ae ceed eet aed fc et fis 690
TVGISIOLG desc ete tae oee cece ater eat eee 747
ITACATNOUD! ec oe nee cee n eens pacer eens 643
TRUVACAINOL cece cence eto eee se ore Conese tee 643
I ACHIMOLU a ket cee aee e aee ean eee 643
ISROEYO TE iP eeetote ease Sears ead ahr 569
UMAR Recetas tet e ee cee er eo eeeee 7
LEAD ESE boii Oe ners melee ge i RE ge PS apd aed 521
15 bE aa 12 lees pale ape a an ea ede adi ie be 707
PPUARUINUO Sn. see c oe cce te tees nants e eee eee 836
FUUCMUGE see setae has cece eee ec eee eee bee 840
IW OVOMG PALOls-=-2 50 2sbselt lessees ses 700, 780, 798
ERGICHAPONBLOS 402. fence ce nse cers cncces estos 723
ERTCHICHINUGINDL Ge scctacteee eects henecne ote 841
TE NSERC pees siesetpdile Pe me aaa dete fet Se el Ale 765
HIVINAEOS Satan cosas cecenese cans ereenBeeses 765
VIR a 2 ins cee ane ere oc ee cece ates 765
EDHIZEPOWULOn cnet eect eet tn ee temene eae 743
LEIA te moe Scie ens cite en eee ne eee eee 645
EVD AHUNUS sakercccce carte ne ne cml weeetee eee 837
EMM MELICACONOsss Lan meee oes oeeseeee ec emer 823
ELV GHICHIN Ss eee cnnecomet tence enone: aerate 823
DU DOPRCTUGUEI 2- stecemttnes co ene ease ncstes 673
TAS Wee scrcr tee ccee to mere Se cee eee 731
EEDA eaartoana oe occ ae moraine coe ae ote me eecene 617
NPAC ATOIDLY cece neste mae hee e oe tee 688
TCACINACCEO oo occ concise nace cence simeneese oe 688
NCDCRHE sectors an cccene sateen are teteee te 783
WCHCARIDU ee ce see seme ce eer tee nee 785
MCCA ean cts Sars aeiacranma cones tele cn acces ae ae were 543
SONNOML. = anon mn Sea coe cence cer ccce ee se 502
TATRA oc sites eae ee ee eR eee ee 829
LOTMA cree tna an racee os one oe oeaeiiema aes 645
TASB ei alee alee alae alah Neth Pel at epg 674
MYT SUTULES ona wee ae Pe eee 679
(TAT Cine sicee meena ence cette metas oetere 551
WACIGUSO GEM Pals. - cass otn = se eee eae eee eee 548
NMI O;deSHUGOs ce eaesteecat een eee ene eee 547
WHOGMHOUZIAS. (22 Sooner eee eee nes 784, 785
APOUWOOG sa. on ae cme mee eee een eee 673
NNGUCAIIA. No ccck ou sincas = leer as noc eeoes merce. 845
ISOCOMLAA a recySe dame ce eee ie eee ee ee 848
MATPO MER est acs cme tee eee ee eee 605
Gene Ulese se acter cme ete eels OS ee eee 794
ug OLSON Praca 2. mst oe ee aiete cae eerste ee 668
ILACLZADOLE ea cin en cee aaa sce eee ee eee 527
AIG Gy ALi eh ie Pee eae aie te Raters oii etch Se te Aamir Gol 645
Jabonciloeeceee sce crosses cence 548, 709, 712, 831
IDGTICOsaner eric see ee ence cee eee eine 711
JADOMMO eee Noa eree eaten ee rece ee cee 535
Page,
Wacob s-Stalre: osc 3c cece esa eee eee eee 831
WINAICR. cnn Se dee Soon cee wee tees. a eee 779
SOUne seco. tC osc ck cee ste ee eee 779
NAMIONCUIO aS se toce cece Sao nee eee 709
ENR as ole six osm ee eee 643 , 645
VanuSlacs ces secce fe Scneccee ao tose es ae 574
IMETICUN Ma a se ech sie a I 571
Vanilla te ston conisanace ee eames ae ee 705
VAITO:GGOKOn ccc ton aclonce oe eo ee oe eee 847
VatTOpaS sesc cca snzes cc tas areas ee ee ee 634
aconitifolia’. 2 o5s<.c<eee sao. o4 eee 636
alaman sy cos sco cease cece ee 639
BNOTICURU a we as dae acaheeances ee 636
angustidens) es... 5.22.- See eee 636
calyculatal.. <c--eeeresss-coeece eee 636
CHILESCENS Sige man aoitaarinncne asc ee 639
cardiophy laze 2 cai sat se cei clac ee eee 638
CUTEMAGIN CNS IS. een an ee ea 643
Cercidiphyilan 2 oes. seeseaete ecto ae 639
CHILE: une os ecko etme ee ee ee eee 642
GINGLER Sop ww oe eco cae eee eee 638
COLUSA oe ee aces cece Pee ee 638
CULCAS oo .c2 nnctinaGescmesee as cases pee 640
UOC, oo tee: RE eee 637
UGS Ee see Renee ee eee 644
OGULISE Wit < o Svekiadec ee cec cob ease 642
GAUIMEN Wo Sk ae we Sob e cs oe Ree 639
gossyplllolia - oo... -ncce~ 2s ace eR 637
Renbocea on Ve er os eee ee 636
PUTGONSETL. Ssh Sac ena mone soca 635
usthiang ee so aca os eee 636
liebmannil >.< 2S25. i ete eee 635
longipedunculata: 2252. c2e- 2c eee eee 637
WUUTUOL senses ateninat sao ace ee 643
TUNG a) Soe See Le sete cee eee eee 637
WE ODaioct scarce ecnatae cee a ee ee 635,
nNeopalicHloras:. 25 <3 s$e--c-eeae eee 638
OCtANGTS 5.2552 sac hen ccet cone Cee ee 642
OUVECER PS. SA ae oe cea en eee 639
palmata 0. 2:i5 55S. .05. Fhe eee 642
palmering = 525. Sse S05 h55552 eee eee 635
PUPUYO 22 ew sot sas aden es once eee eee eee 636
platyphyllassssc22 sesso eee eee 639
POGSETICA.2.2 5225665 cesta csenerons stones 637
polyanthass.355552 632i ee eee 636
pseudocurcas: - 5.c22525 23055522. See 642
1 9)9 by 0) 0 bo: eS is Oe 637
quinquelobat. 2252225255 62.2532.oee eee 642
rotundifolia. s3 522322 3525.5; See 636.
Titlescens 55253235453 355 3. eee eee 642
Spathulata.t252 2252552852 332352532 Cee ee 637
Syipetala: 52.325 522ssh e022 see eee 639:
tepiquensis: <= 6222542323 ssse 3555525 635
triloba.255 5325 s55sh2 cds caseass anense eee 642.
tubwlosa-<$sssssha5sesss saree eee 635
UFONS: «ses fcesensssisesesasnsce eee eeeeee 636
vermicoSa: +: -iiss2shcseccs3seceeae26 S22) (638
yucatanensis. 2:2os822e- 225255222255 640
Jew-buShe = 2223 223322248252282235552 220s 605.
JiCOte o 22 sessed she sece2 2534525525 547
Jimbling. -2s22255 25 iss2625¢435152 1 eee 609
JIMOCHAVEs: <4 Sirs ssliesssssssessceeee eee 547
JIMOCUBVO = 2 22'h25 25524504 152522525200 22 547
JiNlote= = ssss2s22ssssrsseso2ss55e75 sec 547
Tite Ass Sears se ae beans sh 3s Se 547
JIOtlo sa TS Nae eae Naa ea de SSS SAR See 548
INDEX,
Page
TQ UMUC - 2. sess sess dads secures vncaeees 794
OMIM OM Aes Se oa sree S sess baseline acento 555, 657
WODIGO MS se ches sees ss ssos csmeade sceesenas JUS 658
JODOasseieiss senda ce Need ssesewsendecesdeoee 656, 657
eSpinOrss see 5st2 ses astetelsssateausseeee 657
RE AFICCS meres x Ce ea ee od ones a as base teens 657
Membraws 5.355 = hses ds 4aiscsalseiraiatee teelee 658
MCPTOS 2s 2555 s52c ns2ceobseas oss 658
EOHOSO! fo 2! 5s ccatesiskossectiect ese cheese 657
SHOGOLOR AS a5 5256 S42 scccaae aoe see eerwaunees eee 656
GOjODO s sci 555 88 see ees dose ade eee 658
Marah Gussn she ee ss eseesscssassesse wie 659
rong dOriaresssecncceass cs ese cessor 657
PLOIO Sees ote e eae sce rlaas ales oasasacsen 654
PROLOGIS Seen ete wat ae cease cis ee ca seeeannae 740
DIaNCOES. Sait Chace ek ade casccsessacccaee 739
POLO ace Lasse seassaecesccscessceenee TAL
FONOUO Se Sane wae teesseasesneeeseseenass 734, 740, 741
10) [2h (10) a tee ye EE ar t= ee 787
Coy OlNlOS sais 24222 shstes sheds See ssacene 737
JO CON esos cee CRE cen Ee eeeHE ener no nen. s 536
MOLCOMe RSet ote ee ence eat soeeeatsee ss ase 827
IAM Ameen = 5282S aesos so sca saan Saeae eee 833, 834
UDA DAMuescss= 522.8396 222 soe ee ee 555
PUCUIMCOM te sac lah tea eect esse ecccsseheeeee 541
(BU) BT 02 Ses eed a aa oh ee eS 712
SUOMI SSS ssa ann h sea sh eaves s delet 537, 672, 673
familys ee ssc ee ee 28s sein wee lan ss eee 672
UMANTACHAO He sae Ase oek aswel ae nae ss 672
JING LOSAAeReae ASE Sao te res Ba sod hae Ree 607
qumpine heanse:2s22ss2ssesaseesasssece8 648, 652
NM COS tate Saat a teee Seen seas at as see 538, 718
RUM ye RAE 4 oe We hb ss Aa RR Ae am gl 538
SOLVAN OLAS to Soe de hse esetng ce cede eee 675
UDI CS Sot ce Pas wares As ss oe 566
{DL SESE ASSES Eo SASHES Spe ocnisior 736
SIO syn ae SSO aN = Shaws nd Se ihe doa ex See 805
PSaNIGHUNIUIP soot 5e eee Se eet aes as oes 648
GAN OC RE ene eae t elas Seas ee S52 Aen eee ee 791
WMD OK Men st ste tee ces ncccat face esc mesens 791
RAR WINS Kin Wis Msn 28292 2 ees ae 53 5228 715
PREETI aecee See a hee oes ees 52 eee 715
AZ Cae see ee Senet tence oie a as osm sees ee 738
WOR aka aS Se AES Sa sea Crea es 9s ees 3 AS 702
RONGSUOLOUGNED anne Sa Re Sea as Sais eaes ase 709
OCHA Sa 2 2A SN axed ssi vised sss i cnee sn5e > hin) 622
Kooberliniaws ss s2 3522 Fas sss asesacesandssae 538
Koeberliniacese 2222522 25 sass2eccsiseeseesse 538
Kosteletzkyart 5: sas seen is ssasassssscssaeeee 776
MICH ORE. Re sos Bee Selon sas renee rena. Wid cw eed 561
VACHS = Ae Ste A ReRS As ARS oe odo 55 ea ee 561
RU CHE Ss eS esol ecss oss occas Ss sasseseeesee 789
WEA COUCovi leas sre srs s sss 2555552025 See 521
SOCEM CEU a2 ae 55288 B28b Sas sae ost se IO 688
GUC SES Roe sa heb a eh 2 3 1558 S73 55 ae 846
Aearantill our saat acte ola ae ee tae 533
a Wave Pablo dio. 3.2 sass. ese ee ee 788
Mam DYiscOsses 1581252 S55 cso 670
anit riscOs sass 54 bs fot a rtactrecrtctomeetogs 661, 670
TUTTE FN Se eo Os ee Hath ee ee se ee 521
PASLOCALDUS 22 setae os esteroaiwiatee ee 569
Eanrelespadasos 2 ross ace tape osesees 844
MAVOLOLA ose oo eke tte ositaa Sterctoctere oe 768
head ther-w00d t\s222 22 sets sseccesseseuessoee 673
Meche de Maria sss seers ta rowawediee 826
ech Gastro 324 oss oste css ES 832
XVII
Page
TR SCH OTA Sets ah no yah Ans AA ad eae io 603
JS) SRS are ete tae te Neath Bruen Lee aeRO BAU Be Faas) 794
USSo0il a Re nee eos te eee 669
GeO Ay a seen StS cee ol Tok AL ee 9 Eo a 524
Wemonade-perkys se assess yee 667
Thentisco ls Soe ars sy eee eee ee ee 661, 670
J ECSEATT SPAT tae NS el PP EAB tego 787
TUBE ATZA rd dersosse oe ete ae eee 787
AFG Ve ea a gy le oe eS a ag re i Ro Se 603
TSN UMSANCHUMe ae =n ee abe nae cee 522
PHEMUTNE VLRO teens yaaa eee ane see ae enee 522
familys ee soo cee aaah en soe ecoeeee 519
ig On SRI Ch ald eee eee ene aye eee ee 651
a sere eee ec tare ae aoe ee ee eee 553
GelOhing ee ys a eas an Ske Oe 553
delasdndiasses aac. ses eee PesSee 553
ialacy California sase-eee ese sesascoeeeoeeeeeee 720
Pee eee es Sore rN A cloak a rail done 553
AMA A Pata Soa aac Sats e dae ee 524
CHICA Ha ae a Snot hee eee 524
GHICOMA LIS e raat ae ceeeeo eet eee 524
1 ibti) Meee Pee te ees ese Lets. . 3 524
WL oe ins oer oho earn eS 533,
Ji haeyes oY2V0 hee Seen Pee oe eet ps erat 524
Tia aXo) OY So ene en RE ee ey ke eects eo 1s 524
BPTI Ona Sass 353.2 eno os td ao ose eee 524
UII COR ees 4) so LRA poneemrr see 2727 524
IeimoneiloMccse 54426 525, 529, 533, 534, 554, 675, 821
WGN ON GHEO! A atagainaomceo see soe eee 524
HAIN ON CLO Seas ash ga ciocinarsiowacise ae Gee Cerone 524
aU PIOM= 22558 eo acces sassacciei ose ese 765
GIN ALO Beat ee 45 2 PScs ae ooo e eee eee 551
Minaluéas.ssses— ee AE EAR i eee A 5 551
IVA REK EN ns ha nF AS tet connie seo eeee 839
MING CNS kes aisle tases) sod come eae eC 735
familys 38 5se eo ses ace aa sects 734
EIMONOCKYS = Sods sh oac de ~saneevese ace ae eee 627
WTA 58s se pastes roo sas de sdodiaaoccmieaenees 781
Jy ts)..5 Oe eee ee ee DD Sate me Oe 774
BURT CCW men tots d Soo cists er eee ee 666
PHAGCN LS 2d53 2 4NS SIS SAG OR SOS 706
WU Via O OLOsesee sa terray Sam ace niseci eee 569
Woehling WP eter sca emieta-ei-s-aeeeeee 713
15 70).501] 070) 1 ee ee RR ae ES oO Ce 639
TG DIMA sais ota into Sees cisenae ee eee 771
ON ENZUNED so ss o3 5a ccineeaids cae eee eee 710
OROTOUAS oi dogoacas sweeter asraseneneee 517
TG OTT CTs ra) avatars meraiarereee eee eee eee 637, 638
AS] (elas; Wa ee et DEE ES aoe eee Ge noe 737
JoUM ADS. 55.5255 0 eOaiecins Seesaaoes See eee 840
Mabe sis oanrtectactracicins Eee eae ete 646
Maca xocotlss-k avconcittene se oaaacis oa ee eer 657
Macpalxochicuahuit) =a eeece=s--e eee eee 796
Madera depastazcc.sqcitiaceccensiniecenaae =e 836
Madreide Ckeae0:s-s-cccica ck ciaiesenieeeieo aos 788
MGB RS 5 same epee eRe DO eeO SCR 794
MBS Oa ana stearate aetna eisininiasessisi 652
IMEIE 0 betes asians dear ein <sise- eee eels 652
MANU OBIS «yest ssareistarrete salaries coe 734
Mane eta tee serne ee See eRe eins 780
Mah OGan Wale ence aoc eeeee ee mee ea 559
IMP] A Ua sata ace jawler ciate otata 734, 739, 779, 787
SUAVE L S i eaves acrare rape hayetatatolerolotarsfotet~rsiesaratobel siete 780
emlayase css een eeaai-eoee eeee a= 780
780
XVIII
Page
Maiae ia PSS es osssa sete 798
DISNCe son tes sass soot oro aan 737
ATPAGIYO F545) xk aoa oo seo tae ee 737
MBBS GOS eons sisacce acetone sane 734
Ge playay-os 20555052 52-6 once ae Se 780
Majahasess: 25. .< 3 8s Socecsecns vereteceeree 739, 779
GILOLO See eae eta etana ts 809
Walsh aillavess-52 anne sce tthe sn ia ae ae ote 743
Malaimilias ns. osc on ake weer sebastien cess 743
IMAI AeA TOs See en eemr rin oak bo scss 842
JETT aYcy, See tia a a lel pI eee SENS 770
LTTE DT Ae SS eee eee oe 769
(Maa pan Oem ser oer. ooo ccuae cs. teeeeee 738
Ma ST Ol acisc% i's 2 occ sccseeis 603, 635, 636, 668, 680
JRC S 5 6 ee eee eae ee 635
Nn Owstamnilyass 2: oss Saco ae eee eS 746
Me pinnae ee yes he Te Noe SSS ts ae oe 564
(LTT Race tna Soe e SO SERA AS Eee 576
HEATH hee SOS AOOOE Ee CBSE eS eOES 563
MSI IMACER eG: seo yy oe ee ee 563
Malvaceae tee kee ee fe 765, 70, 801, 803, 848
|) EVEL ek Ss aera melee i Pe ae Seah ee 748, 801
GEE SET OMS on tees oe oe one enn ae 803
NOTA A Spee ge eo ee 765, 804
COTE EE UT aga ER pane gat Sa 803
OT OTIMETEMELUUI En acts iin eee ee 769
COLEV(ET' 021 U Ce ae en eR ees oe a eS 765
Gecocning.. Se. Sess oO eee 765
Cel ONTOS 3a: cere ne ee sane ce ei Ce 801
GO OSICARRAS Sse ps sine ec ae tere 804
del platanillg.s) 5 asses cascade eae 765
OS CIOUA IDG x orer=iciesarmainmamaniacmacescseasa0 769
NOLL oot eye ee Slee 770
WIETACONG « o emyraeinrannine eins ia aan oe SIS 770
FETT Sa Ae ee Se Rae, 804
NAO OE ase ection ccna <a minis sR 77
MOSCL, shi ce A mene ends a ins pee emcee dea teee 767
STOOD on in sie sin insiaefaeiase seats peiem ae lei e 770
Ue Rt EER a ie ed Se i 736, 737
CTACU SNL sro aia nie Bele lage aparece asin seat 769
AETIODE ULIAU Ss masts otale ies ease oa eee see isis 768
UATE OU Oa Ae oe bee ww. enn me eee Ss 770
ERI VREOR Ga1.7 12) joreveto te wiriowstore de winainiaes SEER ae ES 746
PR WAS EET ee jaro sete ieehaharaieiAacrecissas eisaences 769
TOSCAUNID 2 te iehaka oe javais fara syetaietewte (asia e(iarenioieaw aves e 767
IMBUV a VISCO mao err oceiseeecs asain Tosie)siajarace 770, 801, 803
SEA AN CUES ir etcrcichos is ie eisjcantettin s minterae ee aes 773
RIBC Ye 2a el cae hoe meccbbee ete eee 827
MAM OVAL ORE Rraser- tonic iscmcmacmsecinosieqec 816
POL ATICO Moe cera parctoereie wisn ecards aise aacos avai 816
IMTCITIIN G8 eee ernie ye aeuein| eisiaraiac vies aussie 826
Mammice-apple nc mister aiarce mane a cclncie asain te eee 827
MAMI GT GG INICO «<< .tocmrarsinm (nina eee ee Oe 708
Mier oI Oe oa cine b cic ciomisinaisecn ASE eee 681
Manichinee hs: ccccotincotecdcaseamece ce eee ae 650
WEN CMOTS tH ccremsea/-Sawntans mac SeRnePeEaneaas 660
DYER EG Sho ce erin toy sclnrerere mio sininimininaeeim smear 680
BOTTA OLAS < ciaitaicrcism isi ecm see eee eenies 680
GNTILCS S SSS aon Seen cea aeen eae Soe 680
IMPS POs 2 tse clo irnic anes aie oS nies. 5 oe Seale mse 660
MBNETOVANG enous sic ce mares nissan secant on See 553
MMAR ETI GON Io ale wisininnisineininle.a.2.82.5,5,s12 sine ee eines 734
ManINOG er sarmersclasae crn cn enciieacen inde 642
Mani BOLORING 25 6265 Gane eb acieecieees/sne siachew yp fy 644
Mamita doneOn.oce-mesrceecisanccccesseeeeeee 796
INDEX,
Page
NSN OAGN GOWNS 62:50, yaccinis Sense guue eee eee 796
GOIMNICO)- Giacn ts sSekacacaeasteeseeeeoneS 796
IMAM ZARA s i ofl rn ona aa ans aero ee ee 566
COST SLT ES Ree eee Te a een Rep Aner, eT 609
Manzanita. 3.04 SxC saa teancssicen Scere 774
WES CAT IDs nhnna caso cepaeeonpee 603, 650, 667, 841
dewlaicostas 5.5. saaces- ae est Gece eceee 650
dela DlSyainn66 <2 232 ees teas <= cheseaes 650
IMEI 7A nye) seine nee eee 565, 566, 720, 775
CCST OE oars Se a hae at crete a 775
Mapastichtle ss 952. co cectaccesccec sess ase eee 796
Maples s5 5 ct eesan cosease ses ccsscsosameeeeee 689
Lea re SoS ene SSC UEC Oe COMER ae or ce 689
SUPA se see e ces coesice saeco 689
IM Olas hisses sei wees eee 780
g..521'0) 0) CS Se SEO CESISe Sa aA REI Reaeaarm. <c 689
Mitr Pacifico. o- son See se co seeneein acs eae 780
MiSraaG ry eross)ss 2 so cs ewieein cine isis coke oe eae = 659
Marcgravinien hd 55 <\o-2 ose sa sass eee 820
112011 5 SSCP SCO BEC BEET HCoee Cen OMese oo ce 820
Marceraviacene 2)... o5<<5 4s << 22a cee 820
Maroaritar ss: 57 2: 2225. oss=scascsn enemas 716, 717
GBICAITG: econ s soe selsieie sjcise Sone Se 717
Ge1OS\ Campos: 2.2522 sae ase ceoncs sees 848
Margquittarig fo cnci.c- oe ceeeeaececes ae eee 609
Mania Q0pez.ocs << 50 esses stooeesesoseeee 848
W623 120) ole) 75 See ESS PARC e cee 848
Masahvia tse ie oo ooo oo Sa eee 779
Wascapnia< co. 6u 2 2235s cee ose iene eee 573
Masten st cotsie ss Sic: eee atch eee 661
Mastichosiee eo sono seca s detest eeeeere 661
Matatde meero.c.. osc ks omchine seman aoe 743
Matacora cs -ccjce tance 3 San caee ce eee 638
Miia palling. so. 52nccecn cee e eee ae ee 603
Mapamiuchacho: = 2222 - sonic see eise 638, 709
Matanene sn< - esac cas cots etie lcnaesee mate 573
Mata plOjOstmeses onc a sosbos soc cnawe see 555, 686
Matasanois. itso. sssceec secs aesaseRe 526, 527
a C1 0 Oe RO Ooo MOCO OEE CEE abi mo 707
(MRIS 3 icy 5,552 ote 2 oc Se okie sreetinie aes eee See 675
Matixerans 223): 35. cesa0eccn seen Ree 673
Matlaquahuitl. 02202 Jat Sse. tae se oe eke 523
Moaiborral 3.24. 3 isc 2 os ouics oat see act eee 643
NPAITIAIN AMAR Ss". | 3... ces) nace eee ee eee 836
MBX OCOTO i265 552 54 oc sca eocln=s Se entes eee 658
MSxOCOU Do oct oi ac secmeease nena cere ees 574
Wax OCt xe sa5a- asiraaminacd/nn aciee aamte Sere 574
MY TUG soca ints ins a dees eee doe Ae eS Eee 839
May lenus sven. 3ecis in ccoss son -o- ss sarees 680
Wazahiaie cis 2c cas ccas anc eiesa = Seat anoe ees 779
Maza pail its coos inne se oes cncaecnesceeeeae seas 775
Maa x OCHO Mis: .< 525 cs canteen eemcae scenes 675
Media noche: -.<<. s..- 2 Si, Seon noses ceeiee ee 774
Megastipma:.. .2).)-2 2.2.6 sac oseeemease ie aes 537
Mebhariig «3. jonas sjasicew. se bose cine meee ae sens 795
WIS o/s ccaictenre cectsciet eens semias saamemeaeets 553
Meliaceae: «1 2... c.csceuarssoe sacs eee sane 553
TA COCO oa sf Spe sje elasere aja = tO Oe 708
IMIBH Ostia Go sos ew ck a Spiscte ater sera eres eee 709
MMETDUEG - =. eee cciscchic cece sewennene eee 767
Molochia.. . 2.2.) 98. < os <<. cc oa veces nats 802
MEINIS Oi. go So ors oor cso nie ee ere snle oo 734
IMBINIZO 2: 6 ste sano at Shoe ee eee ree erste 734
MBN OY am one 5 oo os haa Sapa cr seein ce niacin oi oetS 659
Mefopiiline re. ninnn coe ance tess ss aaa Be 664
Mexican ‘buck 0y@on asain ce memeeione 704
ee
INDEX,
Page
Mexyersss25222sicecsseci fess ssdesssssscsecte 668
Mezquitild: :ii532 3562222252 52ec6 252 cesses 714
MierorhamnuS: 2:2: 22s5.c252esesesne2e2 240500 713
Microtropisss 25s 2s2ca 25h: sce tieieesc sete 678
Milapaiaosessciciicicessi sscadisecbescses sects 829
Milkwort family:22:2:.2.6s22:ss<5s25sscs20-0 578
MATINGONIG Ess ssn cose sss sso aese ees caeeee 709
MNOEE = Sek ocsds Soh saitoessssiseee hs eae 609
Mincapatlitws soc2 casas shecstissiestss eee 648
Mirame-lindascsisccccsc-escs5scsseen ee 781
Molenmlos*ii2 252 2scszc28225.c2 ese 738, 788
IMOMMINOMSs2252 sect cessa eel csesse sees eee 555
Moles Ssescccscsctceshliebeec cbesceeeessceet 661
Molonquitss s 253: $253525:422eashseecss eee 731
Mom pin: 5225-5053 5225 2eccssose oss seesheseeee 657
MOTACIN OL ss. Sh esas 2. cei sse stele ee 775
eimarllossassoSsseeoisiec sores ee sseeess 750
coloradossiessss2n8s 2st isicesssesaseeee 774, 798
Gelirigs sass = shes 20h eee. ei tes see 779
Monechlorsssis22 2 Seeeces 6.522522 ee ee 798
IMonillors 228: 553s Sie ee 6 oto. 22255 tk ae 704
Monninagso222se2eissc-bisicce ssc teeeese 594
Montezumaress:2s 22825. Jstseshesessscss eee 794
Mora de CaMpoOsssa8ssessecesssesekes sateen 565
Moriallinise si soso xses Se seesersesedi sees 523
MOnCONIA> sess sas 82a bess ek bee sce te 683
IMosilad oss. <2 see sc2ke ss its ee. 775
Mosmote..-...... esse sek te suc yee eee 792
IMOSQUITO=WOOG!S:2s522225 5253285555555 2988 2 664
Mosquitoxylum’2 2222 22s2s2h2-isessssss5288 664
MMOZINNE = snes s 2 Sess se sss cne ese seeeeeee 637, 638
IMOZ OLE same saces ee etees ose sessoeiseccesseee tee 771
Gecanalo ss ssi ss ei ses se ses See 743
Gennonterse2e: <2 5 .ckesses Ss See hess ee 804
WEICIIONS sas saa a aan ce a aks we See Fate es 661
Miata staf fei essnscensy See Seeeeseesee see 602
Mnlatosece ee crete es ema eeseeeenewcoee 547
MUI Rees ses ase See Sac soe esate eee eee 662
IMMNGILOSSesa.csacce recess ces seccseeeee cone 700, 705
Muanianipias). 522252 Sle esse ss csseessetseeeoee 734
Miycosyrinmosss2s2ssseeleeses Wsdsecese sense 731
MUGINA ne senna Sea a cece eteeee ese 680, 681
EM Yyrodid2 as 22s s25t2sace nossa secssezeas seek 788, 789
IMivrOxylolsesssneteaenc sbeccecsses eeeeesee 840
Wabanche seats: s2hss225us seo ose Seek esssene 550
INacChSacatats 28280: 225i 2c2 dates ee Cee 569
Wananchen:s22-cetesceteseseess acess eee 564
INENCOM Pe RRE ME Lech ete seecees cosee eta beeen aes 564
MeriOs 2226224 8i-tiseesshhsstesensececees 564
DiC) (Cee ieee ae ee eee egress pa 564
ING a Tel e)S a Re a eR 564, 565
dedareosta=2 2 scsscerccecsolsccsace este 713
GENPCLLOse ste stas asec sesso pee eee ceee 564
INENGDUES Se eee as acces ates ces saseceeseee ee 564
Nanci Ss= sha5 2 see iSe ke tei onsale ee 564
INANCILG | Sit eotaee sae cs scsi sss eee 564
Nantziimxocotl? 32 sosascees es ecs ease ee 564
Nankai ae eees seb dessa s Poe Jaane eee 524
Nanzinguahuitl'ss sis2245.22sches5 2055520 rors 564
Waraniaac cot heeesiesse dese d 2cecd Sse 524
Pia CSS Sne, - JSS eEneCre SRE Hootie nnornerocas 524
WINCO** Shan sa sseece chess so cane ee aeesaes 524
Waraniillos sii(esitacdss ce dscacwccscecect 525, 676
Nat rate hisses ise ksseadscoscsesssd aes 780
INGRTICOE so tis dscecd fede ccd cs ssieaeeco ee 717
XEX
Page
Neobrittonia 202 2. jce<2< 2522 seen cee eteee 748
INeCopringleacccesasadcenn ca teiwicn acess eee 706
Neosty DhONiG 3535.) tres so Saco scat eee 666, 667
INephropetalum’s <tc. seese~ =< ocee eee eee 810
INGw Jersey: tea soso ciee so cls Soe ae 720
INBed nts aeees3 soe he seece Sessa eee 551
IN PICS Soha Serco es cek case ss oe eee 551
INEM Sepeshe 3.23 sans e Saseie sero cateocs ee 641
INDI soe 2 ocie wols Jeeta lle ee 524
INochebu ena: 2255.45 acs bleed cc ee oe 600
INogall ClMSrrOnacs .. ae tse coe sae see 562
COPMenbe Seas i205 58s. css2 este ances eee 562
INTO VON 0] aSsae oo sro oon eas een 698
Nuezideicalatola--25ssssse22 sie eee 689
Obelanthenayss2se2 oases seas 816
Obeliseo: 222 Fees reese cas ates ee 780
Obo'de:zopilote:<--. 22 2 see 658
Oehmull sc. assess Sees Sasa eee 743
Ochnatamily: soos hess aan as eee 819
Ochnaceae: e223: sche shoe ke seer 819
Ochotillas= Siac cawt es ae Bes See 831
Ocolilosessae- Be csees ceca 618, 705, 830, 831
blaNCO: fe sss oe saca- se assasese eee 558
familly: sc. see ssh scene insta sea eee 828
Ocecopetalwin i s32ssc5 Seweeeei te ae ee 689
Okrae 2 ja52 seis nt sos caaenteseactcasoateoeter 777
Onco bass. Veseso eh asagaeyseseasanssessasssaee 839
QOHOtOs Esa? odes Heche wasesecnea esos aseee ee 835
@Opatadndians! = 2... ssceccesceseaeeiseeceeers 652
OVange 22.5 s5 52 Se cles (aloes cigesos se sea 524
Onepanw lotr essence esac eee aaa eee 848
OVETAGE COV OLE Sa- fein sae = one seen ere 848
eralvons sess tae gakekseeeose eters eee 632
Qnrellanay HranciscOs se... <= ease eee 835
Oren Po. seen sow pelos cess cesthe ses wae eee 835
Orihopteny pity 2 cme aie ee 672
@rhosphenta=:252-so.-ccss- oe clas eee eee 684
OER P8o.5 eek oases qae seach tan. Sates 623,636
Oni emia ooo fs pos orgs sects Seen ee 623
Otabeite £OOSODELLY ais as-2- os scsin gelesen 609
(OMIT aL ea ea are ee are malaictoiot ats sites sere 819
OV or eee he aia siaae os ees 645
Oxalidachaet sen. seeks osesnos 5k asa eee ee 517
Ox ISE ee Soe en sateen alee 517
PACHITS elo t sesh Jaeseaeeeeas = ease oases 792
QOS Sse 5 ecaw a ea ao ea ee 794
OSWOSE- 2 Ssaca=o 52-5 Asciiscaae sees 794
Pach c OnWUS ees sensei ee eee 671
Je PYG ale NOI ok peo cograueae oben cacine oc 536, 679
RAR Os sae oanicig bean aoe «alg a ae eee 780
Jeri p Nanda iwi Oe apa secer amcoreperecooce 771
PAIZASe o-oo daetescnawsasssasdescsces Seen eee 777
Pai Waters see senescence sstesis saeae 659
Palencano sess otis s= cis sssecs2 53452 seeeeee eee 737
PalillOrsdsetnshe sansa saincessaqessesses 617,619, 620
PalnraichristissscemcccsssnsGsa vee soc ses/seeate 622
Tesh 0S eee be MACE CE CARTER ROCOIOE OCOD ae 734
Palo aIMAlPOSO ses sa anes cae nleaeee sail 540
einen WOR Bee papncereenapcr coseane 536, 599, 836
IaH COS sess s ts 5 541, 678, 704, 709, 710, 845
DLONCOPSaeassosS-n aes sae sete seette 564
or bibhoe oe cebbeaconcesbocccernossenanas a: 677
GH DCT toms coe CDR EACAOR naoctays = s2oc 789
CHINO 52.52 so4accsseaes es5- ses sknecsaeeeeee 547
CONGLAGO bea eneeeeietela eee ian 547, 599, 722
(OO i grec cD CCOCOD SBOE EE DCOCORODIO o- 548
xX
Page
PAO MerA GEN) f 2ca55 semen oe sein ys seen 831
dowiruilat 2265.0 ses 52. Se 825
GerAmastasio-e25- 5228 65 kn sce 555
Geicapeliny 52.2015) cc <cienmo-ee esac 798
OCOLOITO 32) sa aceon a sisieatis caeeue eee eee 633
decucarachascens-csosccaes acc caseweeeee 599
RICHER Asan em etn ee a eee 709
Genechan asso sha sane saa enaas 648, 651, 652
OAS (pnt oh CLS See Oe ee Aenea a 566
Gewhormigas. 25. ch2sdec4ss-cade-eseeees 540
OG Veo 1 ye Pee ee ee oe aw 651
CelMUCTIO ns Ss oac ese Seon sasees eee 569
RIOT Oe 35s eines ieee oe 609
oteconn7 LEN Ho eee eS i ct 658
Ge POTdiz 552) acenemrsomiogseas ae aes 789
dempiednas. 22.0 Se sashes seca sae caso 839
despiedra;corteho-. 5-222... 322.25 eeteeee = 845
CLES) OVO: Se ens A eee Oe See ee 633
ETON A .o gash nono axa s oss aac ceeLeeee 533
do rosaiamarilla x... ii assaccacasc nc SE 836
Ge OaHeVACOINTOS- 52-0 fae Jon ees eee 569
PORGANET POM oo es atebrahascis/sieeang ances 632
BLOT ANALY Oo eter eta Scere as cheimeeiea ne ee 796
GOED A oo oarmde oat once canelasis cele aeee 689
MUR CORS cause seas seine tooo mee eas ee 733
PAOON a sos Mactenocotaane ao eewoataneees 709
VIG) oe Ee ee ene aoe: ae se ee 547
HO Wes Porn, So rorote a4 So pons crores ciiecieten cia 652
Marin oo ga nda s aco ae dae ok. s Pee 844
TNUCLA Che Saeco sekea aoe oa ae eae 615
TAG Oise tos aad oches Sones s zoe wees 633
AULA Ora ac Sears ape aches erates Ree 533, 535, 547
MOSM UO Heissa carr as a ceases ose docaseteeeee 717
SANUO sous 5 sececte dja anaes. a's Hote Meee oS 523, 831
WEFdC:S saa sesat os sac nec Cee eee 831
ZOOMOUGs ca sipnasdaahe secs secs eee eae 560
Palomita moOrad ass ss.2..45s2= <cues o eeeee 594
PAIOLE MIC ETO oc nores fait Sot Sete sea nS 809
PPAR ACO ES SI 50 sea > aces enisane ocites ose 836
ABRAM OE 252402 c55ce 2552s es aoe eee 708
ALTER esha as er Maat perdi ae cae ee ae 796
IPANOWS: HOlanG a 22 565 saan eee eee 600
2110) Ee 5 CR eee eee ere ese ne 600
1 SESE CEG = ae ites ty A Ee a mt 702
BAUM Oliatg sass seadoscc eat ec ceke seen edaeet 543
Paracas CHAO sas ence ne OS coon eee 553
PATA SUAV Lobes so ssedsa coos cee les os cn eee 675
IDET AISDS Aastra te ociscra a se easels ise EE 553
THOLAGOS S52 3 a5 ssn eae Seen ee 553
AEA aE Actes sss ord ree ere ao ee ae 709
PaO MULTI So aoe Frac oes ad oe dee ee 779
HE ALOUUGH=DUD sos sso sane oa aol eee eee 741
LETTE Scot eR OSE SEE Eanes A eae le 728, 729, 730
EOWEAG OFA) fy ss.oc oe seen eee 730
RIRTAT EONS 2s 3 aoa eee eee 730
SUVOSURG an fa paso ooaiaed tance oe eee 729, 730
PEAEGHONOCISSUSe = 5 saan acivilac aodewoccewecteiaets 728
IBASCUS Sia Serso. cal ho 02 Phe PRN EL I. a 600
IRASi ape et og a c/25 3 aio wancnas soca ewer ee eee: 553
IPASLOL A See era ee tate ae or fae aoe neces 600, 744
PASTONGHUA smeiya onan ne ate onto ar wera oloieine eS 848
1 STIRS EES 5 on OE ee ne ee EE | 600
Pata de pajaro:ssa2ss2sg2cee o7cs se noneceeees 519
CLONE Vibe rerteiciee: orataictot ates icine orc 663
IEAURISLO Se esis hooey oo 808
IP AEASUG tea dots ata e ats os aa ee ee 808
INDEX.
Page
BatAStOs et. 2 ssh. ghnaes eee cass Saar ee 808
apatles sce tek Saneatek bc neeee ee 808
Papaxtesescs. 2. sess sess cee ee ee 738, 808
Bataxtilol 28285552 Shen roeee a ehes tae sae 738
PALAU LOrre Nae (een ks Poe See eee euaen eee 738
PB bass sows Sk sk he he Lc a 737
Panlliniaes. 228 chk eos otek eee ae ee 701
CORACUSUNO 22 £566 She ee Ja eee ee 696
INETICONG 3 as so 35 Sel te ee ee 696
Poly StO chy Ge = 542045 ean 8 Soe eee Sa 698
LOTMOSGs == 223522 se eee aoe St eke ee 700
IPAVON, OSG = 35253 26e2 cee ss see eee cee eee eee 583
PayOnes 22525 sSd east Poss ak ee ee eee 780
POVONIOs.22 be nseken se seees i eid Cee eee 771, 772
Pedilanthus s: 8 256s 22 Soh saee2 SAPs 604
Pedro Hemandez.ic-ss7 522. 252soss2552 2s 667
BGM 2ae oat kee eee Se eee 791
BORArpOGa: sik 2 soe. 2 eee en es te eee Ree 743
Being: denice: ; = 222 she 6 eases teen ae bees 738
Beltlejo' de indio. . 22st) 224. 4 ease eee 547
HelONquanuUitlivss: eee 2 ae os oe eee eee 661
Belotaze broncos. >. 52526 2222 ee eee 752
CHICO. esieek Pee A ee 753
Bplostioma ss Jo leck ence kee ee 536
Pepe Cacao <4 sos. 822525552 cbess eee eee 738
Repitasido: plojo> =: s2es< 25 es ct ee ees 686
de'San- Tenacios. sostee. ben See kee cee 645
Gerzopilote st. jct ee ese ee eee ee 560
Pepper troest:):* tes 22 toe see eee ee ee 661
Pegalejo. 2285-252 eet et eee ease eee 564, 819
Rerderina cst. cee Se eee eee ee eee 781
IP BIICOW aes ab tt See RP ke Se ie Chee Sees 604
OMGUltO: =o. 245 Skee te eee eee 606
RGrrOLLOtlas ease oe sees eee ece eee eee 684
BES s/o re tad Odin, Sue ou St a eee 661
IPT LCE CERIO 8 Oe ee Se a a ee 830
LEA To aie aS gO Bet ae ee 3 Oyen 5 711
Phyllsnt huss Sh ees See eee 608
Ry SIG be aes ops | Pe eee ee eee 640
Phy sodium scat 2 oe Soke k eee eee eens 801
Tears es, ice O31 i ey Ae 636
ACHONG: = Gate 2 ne ey are ee 730
EA COSAS 2 Oe cots oe eee ee eas 617
ACTA a sos ys Le 541
PICTOU GS foe oe ee ee eee eee 540
Rig: de eallosess ss Se ee eee 540
Geis eS yo Re oe ee ee 605
IST oe ee eee eee re ee eee 654
SBOE Ooo ee er 7 eee eee 791, 792
BHocarpine.2: suse oers see ee eee ee 535
PUOCARpUS<550 20S eee Stee Seek eeeeeeee 535
PIMONCOLOS ote ee ee eee eee eee 661
Pimienta-de-América. 23.0. see 661
‘Pimilentilla ace cue ee eee eee 677
Bintionto. 222% 2. 1h Soe ee eae he 661
deCaliforniss.2khee teehee eee eee 661
Pimiento-chéw.0 22s. 22th ect acest ee ee eeee 720
Pini pint. vole eae oa ee eee ee 685
Pinipiniche:s2. =< 2)2 jose eee 650, 685
Pinomacho: t)oue hes ee are eee ee es 534
IPinOlHUo sd ..2. 5 28. cc Oe ee eee 619
IRENON sts. Poke ck eee eee 637, 640
hotijars. 247.5. se shee sae ee eee 640
Ge Indias.) oe id) eee 640
Gel \cérros 1.582 ete soe oe eee eee 638
purgante® so. ss se sb eee eee 640
INDEX,
Page.
Binns: = 5 s3scse82 Fer sasdssseEsi+s 603, 639, 640
EANSaNillO = ssacsessaieeeee cise eee eS 576
PAOCH Aaja esas ses cosse eases tease ee 547, 553
papal sees aes shod acasaseye sess eye 709
ipesress52 is2eeee ie) lee esoe ls hes ee eee 799
IPIPIANE 22 S856 5522 55hseee cs stasisesc eee 640
PipiGhO-ci sais sia2 Seeedasceticds cece eee 814
TIM S552 5 5d2sseesasecs2 sector oes 705
iniguetalsaessse42e2 eh ss ectlee see 847
WIT sosste ss sode ds Pests ss hse fs 661
Pishmehs 22s dseceseesic tas ecceene eee 783
Ishtenier ce: stfeadsretsesec esse eee e seen ees 783
ipishten-leitap = 2425: 22. eee sce eee SE 783
Wishten=puih's << 225 28i2222252222222554222 082 783
Pistachio mutysse22 el 222esce2222.ceecs Sees ee 661
EISta@la sso 252<422s34eee se see Ssese eee sees eee 661
SUN OT WO Oss sate oes tee ae 547
PUGS osc sae = test ee eee Teen ee te eee 528
5 EIS) 1 aaa ea 789, 791
HPAKOles oes 0e sees ssceeeeeeetee ss see eee 809
PIXO Weeks ios Soeeeeetse es dees ee as ee 809
JE ire 00) ee ee aes ae aera Sas ee 657
WIIMAWMOs. sesbseeess esses otc Dee Pee 540
Pochitoquillos.\o2-222es- 2208s 2-222 te. <8 TS 844
Wochotesceessessces sees e es s22es: 791, 792, 794, 836
OCHO. 2222 = Sse ees ese eeeeseee eee 791, 792, 794
Paphotle-.des ote2 se st cede eet eee eee 791
Poinsettias:<22..2s oe ees eee ee 600
POISON LV coc cere oe 668
IP olyastereesecesccscccss cet eececesest access 537
Polypala@o.s.ccsscesveses vette seks 579
QCULATIS S225 ssa seb s Sede s 2a sete eee 592
CDOWIANA anette eee ee 587
QMericanal=s2tsssch= oe eee ees ckes eee 588
amphothrix:ss2ssssesscccerent eee eee «| 586
apopetalas.-<=22sei<..eee seen een eee 591
appressipiis<).222..5...52 Eee 588
OFIZONGE> z= 2222232 Seek ee eee e eel es ee 591
barbeyanace..-.2.<<-2522% a7 eee ee oe 584
biformipilis-..~-..-s.e..ncecten ee ee 589
blepharotropis.==2+2222- 20-42 ee 591
brachyanthemas=<t<2------22: Stee ses 585
brachysepala 2222 .<-cecce ieee teen ees 588
prachiytropisss=2-t.<t-teea2ctc: eee eae 588
prandepeanas.. 2-422. .222-e nee CLES 585
buxifolia s.2<.ceesssecte ested Se 583
COICICOIG 52 22 = deste ent ec PSS ee 586 |:
chignensis: 2-2 222 .cieecsccenn ss See 589
compactas- +). -<2e-sc cece ke Pe 587
CONZAi iE cae teh teeter ne < Poe etom eee 590
cuspidulata........- ccna. OUR taiteged 588
@esertorum. i242 6_ dice. eee 592
GADEI-SE/ OUD tc Pire= Crraree areca kceeec ee es 594
GOlCH OAT PA seeks ec eee cere PAE 593
CMOTY Eee eet Reese besos eee Bee eee 591
C@UCOSINID LE ar Fe este cent ode rmeeeees 591
PUP OVIMNAS soon weenie eee ete 593
fishiaesns<tc25 soa asses chess anv 591
OG CLUITIG: oie toa are 593
MonbtUnda--eest Cerca ee 590
PAlOG GT eee Meee 587
plandulosdi ce ae ee cee eee eee een cer 589
Glanduloso-pilosa-< oa sae ee ne ai 590
QNEQGIU eee ow sina eee eee ee tees ke eae ss 589
hemp terocanpa-s ec sceeet ek eee ete cae 592
NMMICATA tee ey cee ec cte enue emesce seals .- 584
T308—23——_23
XXxI
Page
Poly galayjalisca ng. sicce sewers acca ee 587
LCL Soo e cen eee ee enone Ce Oe 586
leptosperma)sjassscace-cesncciaeen eee ee 584
Mn @helmeriss co eo ecacccin ae eee 591
LaHO DI se 55.45 a 49 seein oo 592
NON GBS = a -mesicciciee sansa ine asad ee 585
MOD EIDOS mrss ett tya.s/aen nee ee 587
LOZANIE SS osc meteor aelneee ee eee 586
MACTADENIA Se Aas nseie eee CEE 589
mapdalenaet sin.) 5 5s nose 583
MLETICUIUG 2) =. )sts\s\s 4492 e225 15 EE Ee 593
MICHOACAN AY f)c cca sewers ssa ceot eee 593
microtrichas (25 05 22-3... ee reoe beh eoee 589
MUNI Gifoliay - 5 tose ene ese ee aS 592
Myeloid ess ss ee Ne ee oe 583
MEULOCSUP Aes -miaaseeieaee eae ea 585
MUP se hee Seo tee es ee ieee ees 591
MUM ea eae isneese ne sae se EOE 592
OPS ACANA sa aves ame sie a ceca © eee eee ae 587
QDSCULE reais = ace 5 has nase con ee ee ees. 586
Oophylarrste pose oese oe eee ee eee ee eee 585
OvalifOlia ane se see ce snes te ees 583
OVAtOla Ye osetia oe eee sae cee ote 583
Palmmert-e. ccc ecco ees ce ee eee eee 584
DATLASAI Gs ons clos eelclateleicere cies setae 586
DAILY is fsa os ee Soon eae epee 590
POrutyfOlia: = os of. Sone eat ce oes eee eee 591
DAVODIE oan ee Sale ele see steerer 583
medicellata.! {su i. eo. eee ee ae 588
DHOeNICISES |. Ss et eos. c= oes see 589
10) Wish RAR aaa tao dosonceacnss-nsle 587
Puberula. - aes ose oa oes hee eee eee 586
MUDESCENS ane ceicis ose sce ence eee See 587
URPUSHE eee assoc mec eeese ame eenese 590
DYUCNODRYUG oe Seek eae nee eee 592
TACEMOSH sis see cee h cas cosine cae eee eee 584
rectipilis. 2b2 5.520.282 sens ee encloses 585
FOQUCTAL Scheie cee sass sere ee eee 585
Fetiwouay Jo) coset cece ce eee eee 586
TUVINASIOM aoe sas ele Le oe ee anee ae 587
SCOPSTIOS St ass eS cwancmotesee toseoeeeeens 593
Scoparloides 222) 2225s se -- oss soars 592
SCOPULOTUTU Soc a nocone cee eee ceso aaa 585
Semialata:\.. as: sss iece cease eas 592
Serpens: 2% Osc he. cists cinecce ce eemmeses 583
tehiviacana. 330 oo 3s scoe o<- Seeiacaeteaee 590
LELONISIS' 3 ato os Sobse ee Rene Oe cee 591
TWEEDY a... ences cece incl aerial 591
DOQANSS name ness He eee oe He eS 586
Velatat.ccascmoce dncmeosceh Aeterna 587
VENI CI Sse erat see yc ae ee eens 593
WieluSOMieesssas cam ne ne mec cepts anaebes 592
ADT AQUA erences Oa cere eee ene ee aes 592
pCa Hy See es ee ee ee ee ee 583
ZACAUECANIA soe 2 ascites cmc oom a eee eet 584
Oly SMlaACes Cents cee setae ees te cinta rae 578
IP OME Se tie ee ae coe eee eine searee toe ee see 543
L2XGy cat al G3 ASSO cee eee Cees Cen eeeeee = 524
IPOMOIGHECS eo ess. ctsis oe ae ee ee seen 639
Teteieey 0X0 (VC, Mag eaae MeeReOOMESanacOnSeO Teer 657
120) 21270) (0) KOU Soe enema eae aos whe aos 794
IPOMODINILOS anece se | sa ee nec oan a eee saa 605
Teta) aYo2\0 (DE OBER Dan SSS eae eenene sa oaooceda. 657, 658
IPO erideete seen Seen metcnants semesters 522
IROTG-DOLOm ee morc a ee oa te ae ene ae neem 836
ORO Treen eee ee Ne ease vineretela’= 790
XxII
Page
POZONGU Cs 0 cence ena eee eee 788
Poztiale. ie case bce nice memrseeeeriaceisiciaariee 619
Prickly aSh.---- 20-9 -ea e 531
Pride of India......------.----------"""""""- 553
Pringamoza.....-..-----------+-++5-7770007" 624, 636
Pringle, C. Gy...) areca inion oo ceive iarstic= 706
Pristimera.. .- 20. - oc es ene 686
Pro ciat soo cre oe tots te wrote oper straraiaseiainie mn el 840
ODOUUEE = Bra eee rere ater i= naiete ate = rele 841
POL s es) to ona ht eto o> =e eee 543
Provision-tree. - ---- Bee BENS oo a. 793
Pseudabutilon......----------------2 005007 758
Pseudosmodingium...-.--+-----------++----- 664
Plea a. fos anata areal tro aetoetetratetae sateen 531
FEATS ers cts o sinicis Seietolatetalet to etotererate maton 734
PuUMACH Res -2 620-52. settee eee nen 835
Pumpumjuche...-.----------+--+-++500 07077 793
Puno-puno. 2... ~~ ---- esos ee 603
Purga de fraile....--:--------------225++-777" 637
Puus MuUCUY...----2------- 2292555220206 842
Pazalecsncecace seas cesses ses ses asta 619
Quararibea.....-..------+---e2+-22ss02 00002" 787
Quassians-2->s2ses2 225-22 o-8e ees 541
Quaucholotl.......--2-------+-22-ssrrr errr 810
Quauhalagua. ....-----+---+---+2225--00055°°" TAL
Quauhayohuachtli......-.------------+557>>- 640
Quauhayohuatli...------------------+70-7- 640, 645
Quauhcamotl.......------------222200 0000077 644
Quauhtlatlatzin. ...---------++---22222000007 645
Quaumecatl......-.-----------22+-220200007 697
Quansotlessss2ss0---san2- 2 == sees 665
Queen’s-delight...-..-----------+++++e0000077 652
GMS secseec eae snecd sodecaceeaenccicoeer 636
@uesillOsssesscee sass ose nae ee 775
Quetchalalatl......-.-----------2------+27°7> 673
Quiebra-hacha....-----------+---+---220-077> 704
Quiequega.....------2------- 22-2 eer er errr 836
Muiienivase-ss2 cen ectense emma ncaen ooo ae 836
Quimgombo.......------+----2----00802277°> 777
@\ Hi ine ae seapeseboa Jess oa coca SS ao or cee Se 613
IANCA oe oS te et eee ten oe a een 613, 614
Quinine plant.....-2--------------+++00007 654
(ith) Kee sceaehe ab aoccorsessobs snes eSastSedasot 547
Quirote culebra..--.---------+-+++---+--+7+7" 696
Quiscamote...-:.--:-----++-2-22-=-22------ 644
Quizarré copalchi..-.....---------+----++++7+ 613
Rabo de mono.....--.---------------+++---7- 711
Ge PUCICOL== =< once ns enema 798
Raiz detoro......--------------------*+---°° 804
TRU ene eae eee 673
Ramo de oro.....-.-----2---++--22-220-2°--- 569
Bari Gis sees ee coe ee eens ons elena = 661
ASDA ete ee cnet ae te: oes eee eae ioe ae 818
Raspa-guacal.....-..----------------222-272+ 819
Raspa-lengua......--------------222e2 ert 844
Raspa-Viejo.....--------------- +2222 eee ree 819
Weatiless -o2% -cccats ces scct cece tee aeeremne 734
Recchiae -2!-ci cu ces ace ae ccs o-cen- = semaaner 541
Wechinador.---.=--2- oss cee ean = 80
rod: titiss 222 Ces oe ae- eco ete aes vemeesrine 673
Redbird cactus........---------------++----- 605
. Resuscitado.........2----------2e-seeeseeee 780
TE Yr lee l eRe Bane EH COEBCeHEmeire node naci 555
THUTGYET Th: BeBe Bae enOrcrospoae SscemcncOore 689
Rhamnaceae........------------ 2-22 eee eres 710
Page.
RAIMINIGS v2 e cicacccoassesesases ieee eee 724
biglandulosa......----------+----+----++-- 718
biniflorus ......--------------22222220° 716, 717
CUNCOLG 505 2.2 soe soo eee 721
domingensis.....-.------------+-++2-2-7"° 71
CLEQ OTIS: «mae «2-2 2 am wena een 724
glomerata......----.--+-----+-+--+22200°°° 719
humboldtiang....--<2--<cic=--+2-525-s<=0 717
TAC ee we Se ene aeie peleaee see i
OULUSI ONG = = = <== 22 2 eens ee 715
polygama ...-.--------------+--22222277-° 712
AELONSIS y-5 nace cee ee ae ee eee eae ee aee eee 719
WNDU 2). o-oo nee ese csa een eee 716
THN Gils ht ee Re eS peCeren soeecoandas sacs sce 827
RROCidUuM. -- --cs- 22 < sos <2 eseeee eee 668
TRUS So on ese eee ce eine sess Beeler aes 665
ANGTICIESH 7. a2 eee nena a eee. eee 670
arclayilssctsssceeeeeecs Serer ee an aee 671
Gili0lata-=. ce oc oneee sone aenee eee eo 670
COTRUTIG® ooo Seiceee .eeece es oeeeeeoesae 704
copallina.......-.---------+--++++---+--- 665
COMIATIO. = 2 Sos ek ce eves scces eerste eee 665
crenatifolia.......----------+---++++-+-----° 669
PLATA! occsin =) let isis ne eis eeeeeet 669
RiNGMhGNRG soce oo ccc eaeecieees] =pecesaeae 667
integrifolia........-.----------+-+2--5--"+ 667
jaliscana......-..--.--------++----------° 671
juglandifolia.....-...----------+---+----- 667
{suring ot ccecc cece reco e er eee tee 666
PORtih soot cocci wiesicie oie eialsiate’e(el=) =) eee 667
lindeniana. -. 222 ss-6--sesens sees eee 667
metopiuM....------+--+--2-22 eee e errr 664
microphylla. .....-.-------------+-++-+--- 668
MOMS osek coe eers ee atiecss-o-aeeee eee 666
OAXACAN. ....---- 22-2 - ee eee eee een etee 670
OVELA. - cee ctes ceecose cece nie = eh eee 666
pachyrrhachis. ...-..------------++------ 670
palmeri....-.------22--- 22222 esters 671
pernici0sd...--.------+---2--- 222 ee etree 664
polyanthd......----------++---0222eee eee 542
potentillaefolia...-...------------+------- 669
plerocar pa ....-------------202002eee rte 664
TACICANS 22. eee see ece nce sve Mees eee 667
rubifolia......------------2ecee eres eens 671
<7 111 Ce ee Sear eric Sonecdc ot 671
schiedeana.....ossscs2- 250-2005 enya 671
schmidelioides........---------2++-s25-5"=" 669
SEMPETVITENS..------------ 222-222 e eee 670
BSUDCOTAAtO. - . ---<-s cee eeees 2 = alee eee 671
succedanea..-.------------22-----222"* 665, 667
terebinthifolia.......-------------------- 671
toricodendron.....--------------+-2°°*-9"" 667
PiIGENLONG | viene dece acca cms cone 667
trilODAtay snc. cece peeereceneieaRe eGeslosere 669
veatchiand......-------------+----2-2222"" 671
vernicifera. ..--.-----------0+2----e0=s0"8 665
VITODSE eee eae eer ene oer cla eee 670
Ricinella......---.------+------ece ee eere ree 633
RicinuS..2.-c-2-0 02-2 ore owen nie = ao sensei 622
Riedlea.....--.-------2-0-+2----- 22-522" 803, 894, 805
Rigiostachys.....-------++---++---000- 20000 541
Rinorea.<s.0.-seee cece eee ao = elaine 838
Roba dO: acu sss seecena seen rea rinninn 614
Robinsonella.....-..----------2--e eee eset 760
RocK-rose..-.---.------- sooo seen e cee eennn nas 832
INDEX.
Page
LR COCTOTE Ts os SSO a Se a ee Es A 835
[ROM Pe-NweSO me sehen mene smmcecemmceeemcae 844
FUOsa amar). oe cjcnissmcisactedsesosncnateaee 836
CHIN Ses ae aceon oaks eeimniccin ances 780
OV CACR Ose enna secs eesnee aa eae 788
REPOS CHIL OS oe a ie wie sia ara alow mela min cen siee eee 560
Rosa ORses, -cisisisassisinecence enamine 831
PRUOSAIBL TIS Pe 8 eras am s)05 slniciniefajeisjacinaais\s cere 570
EUS CULO Sarre sressieia iain ainsi ibaa aaieismitae eee 779
ROSe-OL SHALOM E fcc os, asic wineiiSaciaiaciemic OE 781
ROS Val sacs cise a ose Somes Rees Seem 614
EIT al COM erars cieeia mrs osie milena aia a auceeeee 614
SRT Set a Oe Ss on caamiactaoaninasjancwaekicwaeeee 534
ARTO May sys (oreo aici xaos Gaesias waceeee 524
FES ERT AGN Oso seraea ca Ste ra oe cynyeicie tr erolneimereres 637
RIT COR OMe eee te cee eee Sa nicieae cece 524
DULOSIIUD Stas re hee ae ease oe Os cae E ee 530
Sabiaviamilyces ajo aces news sacs eceet sacaeae 709
DADIACR ORs exe daw sssesocewels caches asesacehts 709
SAR LTA OL ws sa sistnsaios sicie je alse'e siec sctera EE 798
Sae-Cha cass sacse osc ie conse soa s aoe 602
SS GR eee ae ae a ors amiss eas Sane ate 753
SaOrd WWhebios2deoscovee sw stsascsess ascent 548
Savoretiaessyscses aes avssonsonsssds ses sIeee ee 724
Stavohms-wort family cas cenits ooh see ees 823
Salt-cedarasa: suesseecseesesadaceincce ssh ee 828
Salwistasessostddosnesesssabacedess sees Se 618
Gelamlaya sss sssesesse caste doass secwecds 614
DAMN Gah aceceud sect? cesses ea eseeac ots Oe 842
MING = cece sees asec hseus tes ecesee eee 845
DATONG acs sssatesssassacesssessleteee 844
BAH WUAM cos hseccchecac cc edemadicade dese eee 848
Ae COPLOias vices coe Masts eee ks 637
Band DORtree ncck cic cisaciimecwlndiaceuedackeees 646
Han Policd. ocd ceetedee sue aces uta 662
Hanere de. dTagO sc wcsecccncocwsemtcccsemee’ 615, 638
GEPTAD Onc ccce reece cncccecciss = Senee 638
EMVSTAG Ox2 shen wcccecteeectneccsd ee eee 639
DANPTCPAM O22 ccc cece eens Semneewesihens 615, 638, 640
Sanereerad OsaccedictcooswcndencscceGects 638, 639, 640
DS ATOTINO SEE Sex cctccarcnie make demae nee Bae 615
DAL JUAN CLO Sacer. peecccameaceatimcaceseeceaee 847
anita Catarina crcesocccccence cacce meee 600
SapinGdcesee'= ca tcaccecs ose s se scewma ds ees 691
SAPINGUSscae sexes e sce se cceceet ee eeaINeee 708
GUEDT CS CONS oestorstorcrod wrafaroxrewaieacm eee SS 559
Saplumys «= saseeet tec cwcec cckaececeoMGIas 651
(CHOVELT (OE renee oer tans eee ee ey Ek 653
BOLUM ONS Corn ata Sit tetaererorctarerstaratcrirane aaa SONGS 71653
SAPO ssa nec eke ce treeecctewimenen LE eeu 603
Saponin....... areata eter Batenverercemnemniens 522, 709, 712
SADOCORWHIGC Seer ce Se ce ereis ers tererercrers-crcterand EY 527
DAP OLOM esse sterarscee eee severe LM ees 793
EPPO as Resets bene oe ecm nonce SUEY 525
Sarna We Perr Oscerssctee ewer ce POSTE 844
SATU AO yp terctettiarerctearrorowetecoentes nan ee 844
Sas bra are roosters eerestereterersre diapers 827
SAITAMA osc rssteetewenewetanonerveos 814
Day OLISH OSS occ etenew iw semeeus es SERRE S 722
IS CONGIVEDTES Harsocwecnosteeer cw oresmeosenieet 684
S CHA CH ONE s tcrarataatecratarestelotararctnararaarworstarania tte 682
BCMINUS Sorte sagacaredencrand aod OU 661
GiSCOLON She 55 Foo owe sacsacaeat eases 671
VOGORO SF rcssscterctonsaSdore soa wcnenRE 533
CWNGUAG ta staccato roa hae EE Re eo 669
NCNIMCCUAM SS ste ens sctssooseawewectearase tee 704
XXIII
Page
Seltweiggeniat a: <<... s..naccasceskeboeeeeee 838
ehastiomian =. 2 sf. SS ee ac ae 648
DiLOCULATI See oreo oR oN eee ene 652
Secunidaca eyes: sen 8 eee eee ek See 593
SOLERO BES Ss ca mdinisins sane vanee eee ees 783
Semillasibrincad orassss ec ses acesna5s a sees 648
GOuDIO] O Fea -aancareccisateaane pena ee 686
Sericodés 422i os 5 c/a ns ma Wsaias coe 523
NEWANIA sala assis aciee Savina aaas eee 692
GCOPULCENSIS, Wn. 4 o)nJansinignkan dacesane tee 697
adigntoidés;=- 55 .c-olascccsatonaueoeeeeee 694
albidan i mes meee eae se ee 697
brachycanpa-..5<<1 os a-n5-sceseeneeees 697
brachylophas.< 2.ja.cseoestcesacac eee 696
brachystachya-..-<...--..a-=---<eeeneees 695
califomicas..5 02 cee ciecietcecee eee eeee 698
cambessediana=— oc. saccescceensteees 694
CBTACASANS. | s. aos ca pod sack renee enceeeeee 696
Gardiospermoldesins 32. -cee eee eeceeeeecee 695
CystoCarpas-- = 222s scecessncssereceeeeoe 699
OEMANGINALA: oo. do sc wae noon nnn ee eae 697
favihlonas occmesacneene cosceec eo ses eee 698
fuScopunctata ns .- = oa.ce.o-sciecs eee 698
PONLOCATP As = cece sens emcees ee eee 695
SOLOS as. jaz = ceedinntoese cece eb coe eOe eee 697
NebenoCarp assoc cee ceeceeceecccce meses 694
IMPRESSA- = 5.55 c2- ces canes see eoeeee eee 695
INGISAs ce = ohne oeacseeeseceseneels a ee 699
CLD 17 0 ee pte ter wet IES 00 699
INSIONIS! 8 ee eae ceGeecscaceeeen ac aceeeeee 695
MAChOCOCCAL. cows ene ei Ecce eme sae 698
MORICINA! oss pS peepee caer ere ee ee eee 696
OAXACAN Gea eo cccbed coe meeeenoereecee 695
DAaChica es. ccc eenccccse ater ccs ecnee 699
PAlMCH so .-s 2 50ers bene deceecaee Beene 697
paniculata. ci eee cess sesceceereer eee eee 696
Plicata. 5 se cteetencercccereceenaeene 696
POLYStACHYA! 6--cnsseeemee cai pee Rees 698
EACOMOS 8s oc econ ec ene ceed eine tee ete 698
TOKO 2 oho chk eceseeeccese ere arse 696
TupaelOlas ok ose -paicceeieecereniar eens 697
SCSTONS Os seca cecmec cence eee 696
SCHIeG@ ean ass. ko fain m cine cieisia eee 695
SOndid a). ce 2acecee en ceceac aca 698
Sphenocalp a <a-2.-.5<5ej005255-ceeeeaee ees 699
subtriplinervis 2 - 2s... <-e-ecenasee eee 698
trachy PONA oso necisaajsciaos asa eee 695
trifoholatacsnis<).<:-sseccs aan eee 694
tYLGUeET a. ooo e oh aciseeseiceeseasee sees 695
V@SICOSS ooo 2, cecnie eine see ciea eae ees 697
SEROPRYEON <2) sanicimasssaels-a ae Cee eee 621
Sad dock. 3 =. 2s<casnosnasescanes ceceeeeeee 524
SHOP MMe =. qasasniancusasccdeean seer 654
Shoeblack-planti..< 35-524 sa5a0-ceeeeseess 781
Shoe-flomer plant: <2 5.5. ssscsacscicisen eee 781
SICIE Os soem orsnesoneanencdeiusina saeisineciee sees 640
ICOMONO <2 ook kos wen eene oases scietesnaeees 689
CTO AROS Sa ae Coe SEEM ARSE BREESE Son esc 732
idea: se idee ee Baek LV eee 761
OCETILONG Sees ee a acne oe scene eee 748
ENTE eo RE RABIES EES Ieee ccc 765
ASELOPALAE at eee casos as eSe sss aes 766
OIG MOSATNM 2 R ae oes Aree es eerie 767
Q1CHIRS aes 8 eet aha eek ee 748
CATR ERT AUT ete a OC ce nic OR OP SOS SESE. 2c 750
WMDUSSUMNO 25 <2 1s 5's 4522522 23 eee 756
XXIV INDEX,
Page Page.
lds angustifolia sce tweeter Lees AGG S| BEIGA\OSCOM se ae oe cian eee 759
ATOLL arora enaharatetoesor oe onerctotoanororererererc eee 763 RAM eden cocecemeckhecceeenceiceee eee 765
LT UE as 27 Sater soto nterctororici arte DS G7) | PDLOPTUN A erceeecernnmeen ee ckimicn eee eis eee 696
DAPELUIS rset eae hehe k Co Lees Cee 1599) |(POICLE-CHELOS so cemereneneenecsnk eceee ox ceee Cee 609
Drachy Stemonicosee neces acceeeere 167) | POISUATAV Ae pyacenkesececeioek eekmecce ek eeee 554
CLYDE GUE Taster tatorarte one aoe Eee 1603))| ( SHICON WMICA WES syccencoeniocer ec oceonee eR Bee 819
EAT IRO TS yay ner yc yarterarctiarcrorciwinions tors cvarae EOE 16.0) lp SLE COLLDIGEECO- cj orommrciirreeterciee occ ee 791
COT BEN OU Mera rocre actors Sarat ein aero 2Goy | PSlmaba Oi Colon. ioe rorrceceracmensciciiee <eee 538
METAL ATU S ee Sart alan or orelata tenet torn onetor wrote Ae 762 COGROM i Sox rasa cevater-sa/acoen se eee aA EERO 538
CLILENED Sas aetna te aera rarSioranse Oe 763): || HOLM AT OUDD onjoyecnrciern cere pee cciaaee eee 540
COMMAS esas cos s onde inate aoe ne 160). | SUNIAT ODA CCRC Ht aa—2) cers seta se ee 538
CODOUON A Jom aetaaaa mn na acmccionetcioust tee G8.) SLIM AT UDA Mees aisle ator rein eerie SERCO 540
CONVIND OS sc) 4 «dos on asoas oon ae EA 766 ici \ enna n he eee Aa ee ae 538
COSEAT AS 52 Sado bana oe Ad oo EE ee WOK. SIN ON SIA | yacerislees eciemsemeiine acer 654
CECHMPONS 255 Sao woe asa s zeae CE Ore 1665. |PEEDCBES oon sc. co a eertnia sees alia oe eee 567
TOO) Bs ae ne ee ee Pempnne Mer Te 0 766). | SETROUGLAS | ose 43 .ch5 ss one ee eee 657
MISTICND a Sood ses sew cir oe 160)! SHENG Oo 5 tet craa creas ie eRe cmon eee ee 736
WUMONE <5 cceetwaacomastncc tcc eee 763) ||P SUSIOUG <2 acco odiaajnderns aacteeenee saa eee 552
CUO ss wlvac saleetnee es oc chee Ree 715\:/| bP SESINOV Ong ao oto cae ats aedenin secre see ee 657
CIOL ES Cc ce sob ccaewscteute soe 765: eS un kK DYSD 2. accis aaj Neem ee ee 669
CNAUCHETIATD: Fas ciae re. ani) pe te oe 767..\) Slpper-plant <2 5 <2) oaccn-scccaencenen eee eee 605
CROC sa dae sas awinas saris cic sue sd aide ee 764,. | SLD POLY, CUM a2 <2 5 25 conan ee ae eee 797
CRLELBIOT Mao aad aicaise nc ss sone oT 7567 ||) SIGATCD sere a ac oae<mscniaecasecanan secon eee 734
PUM ORM oes alewccats oc assoc = atte Oe MOG, IVS TOMENOULTE «a5 acai ars sia cleracinisiice eae 664, 665
LETS: gh ESE a a ORE RIF 764: |) Soapberry, family... .....j-.easeiee ase ee 691
GUY GE omec pers wre cacek ce ckicos seen 760-1 SOBD-DUSD 94. =...) as5 Seats onan eerie 522
GN RDTEGHIOANs..- con acca s cece sso See 760, |b mocbicopal eas c2 fhe tema oane cate eeeeee 543
IGEN = cere ee ere ccee Sete eee 755, |p BOCOVOesece ccc na saanescmcties ace eee 517
plaprares ceectee reece caceckkkaeestc een 767, | MBONMAT Ji ost conse ccanenuanctaseneeneeen 616, 617
BIOMOTALA Sees soa cena d cm oe conse 766 DIARCOsece. aa eccs chi eedesncsecscunaeee 617
PINGNOSHee ees cee ceeevccec occu ste 767 PIIOLO seine ssp )-- 5 cas sa sets ase Sees 614
WILGTIONMCeech ne ot cect ed aces CoM eee 763) |p Solmanché: 24.2. cccacs osesaescceeseeee 645
Ue ee heath tk ee escbceds cl ee eee 751, NP SORel gAMAICR. -. . cciccasliseeeeeee cee Renee 779
ROWMOUI Pee CER K be bk woe aecan ec ou e 164. | Sourodbeasnc.i osc ccce cece csescocc~ + eee eee 820
Ny SSOMIOURCECES GELLER EEL ees exew ccc eee 766, | Spanish buckeye oa. sa. ao asesan sce eee 704
ANCRMM Ce eR OL CREE cE ew bicn KE Rieo ee 753 COGAT Scene ceca acenesasesecscteeee ieee 561
UUGTIOS US Ree eek ch Cee RRR CORERER KC aoe 752) |) SpHacraleea=...c2n. acisecaewee a enemas sees 767
Lindensanaj..t ith ccex bee ~kaceee eee 760 PTULICDED ws 2 os oo dislns Rodd operscict essere 764
TITAN CUINENU LEDER Cot ee eee Kee eee 764, |- Spomdiast@s..). ooo 5.3sse6ccke cosines oon eee 656
REREOT ISR cen? PE RES Coca whic os Ometkeeee ee 766. | SBORTULONINGs 23 355, 0cke cee ceases ene ee eee 731
HINTOME CARERS ipa kemiennk hae eetenene 763° || Spurge tamil ye soo ccsns soveet ances we ceceneee 595
ROGICPOHSISSS tee leer tence arc exe ee 763,, | StADDYlOS onic) omccmensecaeSancwreneebe ce eeeee 687
PONG OUO Sos ate Rhee ewer cos See 763 Genictlatte = is ccccon copes cspeere nee 524
TULTICHE eee eR RRR KR ceeteice ce ee 762 OCCIDENNALIS 0g ciacs:2s Sainisione eaiecies epReee 688
MNCOMORNICANA£ H-PeL ee mee cee eee eee 764° | Staphyleaceses. 2. s..-2-22 ses 20 ssc sis sse pees 687
OCCMIENIRUG soa cenbeenkees cc Che pace eek 760) | Star go0sebewtynss mnie wesc ence eee 609
PALMERS aoa ecko ce Seen ete (G4 StAUrant RUS esc racee eee eee cere Eres 528
PAN CHIBTA see eee ce heat Renee ee eee 763° |) SlerCuliae se epencecmemeceeeee sear Slee eee 795
PiUlOSA Fa ae ee eR ERR RRR CRE Ce 766) |) Sterculiscese. nec coee eres eerecc eee eared 794
POLOSIMA. < acct ECR ER Ree me cece ere 765. | Stiemaphyilones: eso sere seco eee cere aceeeee 577
PIOCUMIDENS esc heneacetueneckicntn baer ee 160 | SUiUlAgINEN Doers ricer eceresrtpceseseeheee 608
DYTAMIM ETS 2 cose ee 763 | Stillingiascesceccccsseeeccee oeenniesslsepoeeese 652
BHOMDI ON artes eeon eee 765 Tarp ie[ Mia HITT Roan pane One SUODE One Sa805- 651
Sal Vid OlOlia so sevieocasa Kooss a eee Wet: | PShiinging see cece emer eeeer reer eeseecs 652
SOUMCPA cS docteasarsaiocarrnwaie SORE 764) || Strychosdpnatii -- 2. ooo eee ep eisee eee ae 645
SPIN OSE 3a :cjoare crater arcweheeeeeeeneee TBD UN SEY DRONG eee eee eee cee eee eae 667
Strichassssssoe deat sss GSAS e Se eee eee 1/2 |p SHG en yl ees sac cadasnceeaoduosconbecoce 543
SUUDIN Gs dash ros 3 SRO ROOTS Se ee AGG? || NUCH sae a ee Se ee ee ee aera ees 780
PONUACANG a53255sj555sc5So sa ddasnareewaees 763 |e (SUgan maple nee ess aaeee meena eer eH eeee 689
Grarinefolia:tesyso2daess acess ose sG meee 765 | Sumac....... Mena ne cs: 669
ETUDE Bars aa Saas ae dAdo dos nao SORE 753° | SSUMACOE. ¢ Sec Aceismels cp eee eeieeee nee eee 666
LVISUICOLD as ir ss IR IS FEES oS OOO 753 CLMATLONG A cis sore designees eeeee eeaeeees 666
UE GTS (RLS Re Ga ee eR sia 767||| ‘Saponitery 2.4 5555554224555eee sae eee 803
RUIMOLUALES 29 SSeS ad aaa e Soa aa aee ee 755: || Meeriana: Sax Ae ease seaesnssaceeeer nse eee 538
WON 522.5 ised ndodsadeseze7 22s ee 766 | Surianaceae.....--.-- Socudooooceeeascose sir 538
VOMUSta sada sab eee soso a2 soo 767, || Wewiebenians: 24955 s9ne eae eee 559
INDEX, XXV
Page Page.
SMLCO-SOMGl ing coset cisco sc aclicesecceancoase 705 RereDimthUsiOipOnds 2-5 ese sean ed eed 550
stan CHO sss os since nisies soos ecssecica tence 619 DROW TEER OO Pa 2 yi EAA oe ee ead 664
SRADK ADI eee ees oe ets so pelsienie ee es 731 ROW GUD CS sore ot es hye a SNS 547
PRON erases sismiiaaies Stn Soca a se ake tN 738 TRB CCOUQOUIE cra, caiars at Sent natn oe gS 552
MD LOU CR = ers alae teases neice ts Sreslasaie oie tae 809 UPR EL OVA Sore oo Whe tae) Sa St eek I 548
PR RCOMN ACR oo 5521s siSie.5,0/5siia slo. o ates sis em ebro 543, PLOT Bee ets E8 eas 5.
MacamMahaca nas << 3.5.55 /</05,>\5.5 jos. =..keeeee 547, 550 SILUET I OLY Sa Se oes re oe
LEETHOSLETIUIMN Oo rm So. 3) «(ais inion Raa Sea aess Seem ||P GENIE SIROC TING = So 00 Sart os aD eo See 822
LUD EWE. cbt cooue sens gee eres su eeaa oNesebesHee Soa i Derr Greer ra sac cates 2 Ae ne 618
SIDICIEE et obo ap ssa SOS BSN DOOSD BeBe OBOneOESE = HOSS le Mate mera we: jos 6 eee Se 808
PRRRER IN repos ap ast biases 5] 2.5 -jae, Sees SES (Sole PDaberetas cs. 325 a. 2 ack ee ae 645
PRAM ATICACCAC S55 oa 5 no 5.a 515 <5, S:re)52)= ain Sepeetee SERB IE Mab lategy se sl 8) ee ks a ea 548, 663
(Ramiaringdilloeen so4- 2-0 20-\2 55 see a ees S210 | PANEL LEY aT apie eG emia Sees CON AREER TES | 548, 663
WISRINVAT ASCO ff afta apne: o)5y,< = <2 ose =) onesie 151s S238) Retlatiane ssc! te et oe i 548
MRLASTVATAS Kea. ajs)a) 50h 015 /6/5:0 s\ay=ic}eis, 512.5 a15;5/5,2;-s1s S28 ERE t la tinise ie lope 5 ae 0 ei eos Be eae 548
family, ste e eee cece ee ee eee eee eee eee eee BORD WB tracers tank st oe ee eee es SE 818
Tamarix anddoeoeonassadengosdoosseyousedae +5” S23t |E-MBtracoceus: a: 84 4<. 248 ee 607
Tamariz. sdecododonsedeccdsacorsdEEacoEadane + S28u lh Petraptenisescecot cn aie. ace ee ee 571
aon we nce cette eee eee eee eee eee eee ee a Mexas | HUCKEY.Gs,<)j-0-<1taso25asascs a eee 704
@0NAD0.....---.-----------+-+-----+--------- ER BY (LBs 5 75s 256 tose ons osee eee Cee 796
Tapate mlelelslaia)=)=/alninj= =lnicle sais oisio oie) ais 6400 I) qtamnosMa sus ees e<oesec<c aaneie See eee 530
Pie wns etc eee eee ee eee eee ee eee eee ee eee = Pipats SESs8/. 5 a su sewaaaieeacdecceee eee 821
Apirira....-----------2+- ee eee e eee eee eee DS |b Biteacenetdts..<amssnovscccteetrars coum 821
nad ae we ee tees tees et ese eerste treet tees pe PHCODFOIMA eracedesz maace Jeseacasenunsieee 805
IV ULE = wei 9iaiain siminisini2 2/2215 =(c)a/njnieicieiais.= sihielais = PRES PCSID ern td essvascaeeeeeOe ce eesa eee Oe 787
Taray.......-----.+ 22222222 eee eee e cece ee eee OS) Potiinines: sss<-ee-cheeeaeceece-eeee eee 704
Targua Bama aca s occ a's ssianla sce 615, 618 QOCONATO wrest casesissosssteseso ee 708
See eat fue ee be
MPONGssreereossecceee see escec cee ee
cris 2S PERSO 20D SAGES DOO COD SEAS OoR AOS So 627) |. iioulnkdtares\<2-<-:2¢ss2e-aeserecae: 708
aor Bae Vesa C STs sors s/s eeaeis esas eet ee poe sGrsheiscersesreescceeee 568
FT Saba LA kaa A eats hk ae aie ae a Oho ee es acececeecciars atc tical ket
TO... . 2222-2 eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee 736 Thur beriasc:-ss¢erst ss ssnseee see eee 785
de perla.--.--.----+++- +++ e+e eee eee e ee eee 736 Miatasess ees ceseeeeteerscecececksscoee see 794
eee -
5) 5 Aaa dibs d go? ore Tilia Py Saviwe senses eesecs seeks cee ae 735
CEN aye ES iD fs ee al a oA SY 663 US igs Sera se aecogauct a
YB (ha ar in er atest eens cic 736
PRECOMACAt en on eee ceca ececeesacenreoraseet 54 @inbonines 703
RBC OMASTICHO S527 case seine cis nce jase SERERE 836 WRTTIAbk toate nw dosh canes ceanlupaaen uae 736
SEAPOMASTICH -peeece: heer ceo er eae oe 836 ee ee ae 655
MRCOMAXOCHTE a5 csned navcaeaie sons cukteeees 836 Tith ech ; eT eee. 599
barge oe soto, kas eet cate AT aml EN ha ee a ig PE IO
ELBE OLEIDTICLO sim Hiacisieosicicrcacaricwieeeccinw acer 638 J ey ot eee Lean. ey
= year itte ls Alloa aanlel nt Pah aceasta 709 Titilamatl Beet saseseeeeaeritecrseecdaesnace 794
> Soop A eS ea ele eR aR a ae 709 |. MiGONs occ os ee vec ee eee eseeeeseeceseceec eee 823
ee ery ean a oe 709 Tlacamazatcazqui RP rE GSE Prete ale in 731
UA BLE TER ERAS ain ie 709 | LABCLICO th oom oo nn ono ennymec= =n ences ee
Ti ATES 0 A ee ere poi) EG eS ae Ses SSR Coc cacao acnetciins cS
SIGNTAICINA eet pee eeer ap cae ceeueereecenes 670 Tialeapolin Fe ee Ses 2 ake i arr a
eee ee ee ACA G UNENe00) ee eeee ees cece aes Sse 726
Temecat] A a ale ES dr meee ne 731 Tlalocopetate PHI EN SY Ma CEI ath 655
= Sante oe eae ah eas ai 649 | Tlalocopetlatl..........-.-....- wes eeeec onan 655
Re at Ge gin |) Liapatezpatltc- 5 .2- ce. cr eeetns serene sense 638
SUE POTANA (36.2 aij: aisle cece Zcancsenee eee 538 Tlapatl.....-.-.--+-+++++esee eee esses eee —o
These es a apna Sigh 0B he 599 | Tlatlanquaya................-...------------ 698
Mericminnet aa sca ee Rey || HM ESsss bp eaeSa5 seScboceeesseeccesaedsos5ccds 722
Sneha eee eTifh| | abelian \s (RRR eaten ar ame ene Semeren alin a 666
EEE REL e ete enc, eee 821,822 | Tnu-yoocd.....-....--+-++-+seeee eens eee ee es ee
RL Oe Re star BP 543 | Tocoteprieto....................------------ 638
Seigeraxtli OW... aeons 543) | OlObZNes er ee toc sec cs mser ee ease ceceaecte 739
Teponaztli de Ae SE ee See eC ee Se ten 543 Tomeguin eee abelai= im Sis ke sien) e)% == aie shops iach kei 533
Terebinthus acuminata...........-.+.--+-+-+s BA || MEMOTULEL EMS es crore pcre, oem as cients eee rae aks 686
pte Se Li io ae Pag gi ikck Kam. | Porchwood family... ..------se-seeeeeo essa 542
reste © 29 NA By Ras ie Aa hall Magri BAB) | MBTOAGUIO Kus sc ccs sc nse miss emesis --daceaiae 798
ra Toston SNE AN BPP IO ahh Aiea oe ag l MBIANNIDS 205 < s-c- acces ase asc anemo maa mase 798
XxXVI
Page
PROTONJQ eee eases eee RL eet 524
POrote S22. csse= 55 see ss seeseess 548, 549, 550, 638
amarillo Sse eee eae eee eee 638
DIANCOL cee zee se tanciecenseessadtoceee 548, 672
PLLCTOMS See eR Le eee 550, 638
VPC Oe ee coe et eb 831
Morello seas Ss Oe 831
ROLOUMTO psec e ost oas oe eee 639
POSTONCIMO sass ees Wn Se ease aos 617
‘gd COM ENOLO) sass eee ree eee Se eee 668
ROTICODOTONON rs Ih SI eee 667, 668
TR GLGSEDNOIU AOR mtorr a Tere RON COIS IONE 530
Miata s ks tt SS, ee oe ene eee ee eres nneeee ee 624
INFCMENWNO. os sees aca sesseueearaseomaseeee 557
TUAOL OMS eee acs nae sce aes ase 808
DOE CET ING ates stole stash enc Sen wie Peto 680
TRACWASLer DDNYWUIM «swam eetasawem cee etee eet 833
Pnichiligeetssecucwece weetiese steerer 554
STACH OSLER IGT 2 Sar coe wire iors eS 601
TS ODHOT AS een Bee a hice eee 571
rings dewudass > hc sec kecwecs heen ceeceeeene 731
COW aCe ech See caceaaaent aca a dam Lopsaot 731
(312) /0) 0) 111) ae eR 731
ELT ET 0] G1 cr. SS, A ee ee eNO S| 524
STRAY Pee en Se a OA eae Ss 823
AUWISECCH ED RR: Rey See Sen Sen ee aye ace ee ee 741
RUCTRCAT Get - 2 ie ee aces i Ck 745
BIGNSCOId ESN oo. ooceewet ect ccoscee eee 743
Spelale seacn oe casaceesen saeco se eee 744
DOR ETIINM eo se oan ak gen eS 743
DR OCH MCHUM seas nostic asta enan ae eae 746
DEGVINES Soe aceesen cena ee enoc scone eee 745
CHInTANUENSISS 5...cc cess ene eee oe 744
COMMMTIATISS 2 eh eee eee a ee ete 744
CORISCOR Maia sb ocitenwe ost see aaeec Emenee 744
PUCMUATA = § conte oa. eeanem cee oeeee eooeeeer 744
GSBISCONS 5 see be eae eae eee 745
GISCOLODIY ws. See aeaee caw atecswectmeateece 746
MUMECORIN Sosa nc eek sec avee set aoe neere 743
TRI CISONE Bae chk meres eee cee aos 745
PRlEOLMANA® <\- coe ecmos ee oe seas cece coene 746
Poldmantios so ccccenss oe oce tems ancereene. 745
PLANGIHOrE So Sos sees etn noe aueue tenes 745
CET RO OP ROT Ce Ee eae 744
Lappitle oye cess ee asace wcdisaet ee eesaes 743
IGG LER O18 SERED S AOS ER SPAT FOES eS ORE g 743
LONGICUS IS: Seah Renan sae eee eain eee ae 745
INEXICAN SS essere Seen costes ose neers 745
STUCKOCRIY Des men aoe eae ERE 743
ATCT O TICULL Gis sar ere aS ee OE See ee 743
ODOVALA seasis ate scecietowetaesenOusemecee 744
OlPacan wha 2: Sago conalecinacacoeseceeene 746
OLIZAD ACE estes aoc onan sete eee 746
PK PUYHAs oss ccsessaedeeceney sae 746
WAMMON Fo sons ocsny eases seems 745
PEICHIALA. .22..c.jecouea one eeene cae ace 746
WOMAN OrA s.-ne co)= cae eet aciane ner e ane 744
PSCUMOCOMMM MONS = 528 sence cise cneer caer 744
SENN EMO DA acs s scse ameccieacwecie oceeee 743
SOCOLLCNSIS! wavs c ces oe co ncccioet eee -oeees 745
Map SPECIOSA Sys anc tae cae tecceten ee eeecenees 743
Prom pMOseecccnc cscs ceca ceccceteheleee es 603
RONAMOLSeNee. -eacene at erect cose eee eee 753
Pizacth miter on see Se eee e eee cee teeters 661
PANG A OUUE ON ep Neen nhl Silla Ca Are ea ee SL a 661
Page
POG = seo 22c sckesecccassesctscesewsseee emcee 783
MU pans 's esessskstesces Se scce beets Seem eee 780
TOJOe Ae kha ceca ashe casosieceneseceseeee 780
Hallidore 22: secoecn nde pees cck teach eee cese eee 717
Pullidora< see eta ee eee eee eee eee 717
Pualibalam Sk. te.nsc4sekeeetcaveceeeeseeoe 686
Pum ba-VAGUELOS - Lek ewe ece ee eee 731
TNombile= tie ckeakee eck eceeeeke ae eee ee 789
DUTIZO Sy ce eee ce ee Cee ee eee 697
TUIMELA Mss oecl soe ok eee eee 847
familly sts eRe eee bane ee 847
TUIMeCYaACeAG soe olero ewes etre 847
Parpentine trees. sss esas se ease 661
PUP ge ei. eee eo een tee cee 688
DUT: B52 SBI lat OER 632
Weapkiuki: sixes secessseseeeteeeeeccse ee eee 524
Teapposlys «jase eee eskeceee cence eeeeeeuices 524
Tea ptzOulks sti. eek eee ee eeLeeeeene eee eee 524
TMapt2iksssscccos sous ssasa seas sesasoaeee es 524
Ponti socsnccsw os esGoc aioe setae 806
Tz0pilotl saressacdesossassases aseesssereseet 560
Wa yUU: Base sce s Sosew a deod esse sees eee 708
DV a aseiardre trata etetoree rok tercprereteradt totter oe NE 731
Wanibrella=tree was ascssuce Saeco Sea eee 553
Wiha dé gato ec seecsse cosas saenseacsencst 533, 813
WHAgRtOls 5.22 echs sade specs ssasuces teseenbaes 533
WOMER ads secsasoteosisnnas so 72 saan 704
OFOMIGMNG SCONGENS =< 352 ajo 4r5doas4esses- eee 820
WMUCH Sansa 2 ccs ssaedeneceddegs she caice ee 554
WHC SSS a faossseetesastciesv se asec ace 835
Wrvillesiscssaueac acs ate acer’ since seoen ee 699
LEE ee PE EE aS ee, 700
MWiviad. semsawbeee s o5.cdd ea seecaesicets 728, 729, 730, 733
We CHMATTONG o<si5 ae acu cince peeee eee eee 729, 730
Wivdllag: sSee Oke ws coke ie'shec ace aceneeecen 731, 732
GUMARFONG. cacacecmeneeesmac sce ae cee mete 730
WaCa-DuC yee. 25 ee cisaseateeecesnnsctcnc chee 819
WaehSeatasé <c2sasaise ccxacetaccstaees ee eee 569
Wercimas : otis siete cot bus ecetsieee teen ae eee 809
Yara Dlancas .. 22. 6ss52ssccecson cose ceeeee 614, 845
Wattles 2c22. 2 cs cette cds ck cites acu 705
Warilla:prieta.- ...c-.-d-ccceccetaeesteeeeene 813
Waritaide: Sani Josten: scosccsebarcnceose ee eeee 803
Weatchigdttstes ous eh ccs eee once eee 671
Wenadillorveteet «52 eoesteece sen eee see 560
Menenilloc see tte sive xcs seed cociecec soeeeeee 607
Wergajodetoro: 2.5. c00cenc-teconecnegeeeee 576
WAGs tad 3 Zadar ee ne See See oo 728, 729
SilVeStlGsceetccckecaoesewccmecn si eee 731
Willisk See ee Sees chet cd aac sac aes ee eae 779
WANE CACHIS.t ned dcacs cesaccoenckkaceseseeee 831
Winl@23 3. < <6 k cieccntcheeoea ccc etiec bs cee ee 837
DUNCAN: Sots ssa sa ase escscestsnncetees 589
WHOMACERES: ssict oaks s scans aco seesmecemee tee 837
Wioletifamily 32. 2225522 Sa soso esas dteeee 837
Mirginia creepers, sccicincccscc can Sece s2 ce Sees 728
WiSCAINOR Sc anise bt oe ace bom cee ocinee eos eee 524
WHSIMI A ccc ccmence see sicecGee eee eee eee eee 824
Watt aCeaOe tne. cles cles cccusenies sone ane eee 727
Mati Sse enn ccctiencinckeiedeisac cesta cai oS 728
CCOPULCENSIS ds doc. -ce aeiee secre ces eeae 733
OPDORed Fac wcrc koseekeeneesceeneeee eee 732
MINGES Esk decade cmecctee sec R eee Nee eee 777
Wolad orcas soecasccacsamceaces Seems eee 673
MORIN 2k 5 Usisecieneel Gee Shek cen seeaaee eee 843
Waferashecc.ccdecccccwssonote canes aceeeeees 531
INDEX, XXVII
Page Page
iWialiiheri sees et ahaa eae cee meee (99n |\aviaga-bichess 2° 232 isa ae eee te, 662, 671
Wiaribs CACAO. seoceschisss ascsace gecesi aes SOS pvaca-bicholl: oo os. 52 eke he ae ah 728
IW OMIS Se Wirg Vic seme ciee isis ete sinwiotelejS (cio teicaertniee MOlS Ee Mara-pilapere: <po soi) oo 0. npn <= ees 622
Wrest,Indian g00Seberry <<< <<is<-\<iec0e001Seeee GOOF mviarabizoya: snes ane YN 805
White sapotencasssi mcs aasicasscnaccss eee pain) ea ea- per tell: 220. to see nc ee 661
GL trees cio) a ciaterateicie orto ohavaccyero tic cine ee G7Ss ea pao mens see eA ee 739
“ia to 012072) a a en tei EE St 2 O54 Maga nigo) 22 ee 8 See eld ae hee ae 622
HIM G8 msisiniaine icine cleiemcsicae aaene eee GS ih eras belle Cho tas ce cas eb eee abas soScemEsae 665, 667
RVI OLA 9 oe oe crerdets cciccnecicscea eee G77d MBSA MASS. eee acest Sone cet eee Seen 523
RVESSACINA er oe ots io 8,cc series See (56S | MVAPATMATAXO ete o <3 ooo.) once 524
CONPEN eane eis ocean ee eee ee eee T5OY ICAP AXON seco saree sje 789
CLONG OLD Seer Scion on icciscnc CoM ceo OST NWRYARL GT ae one aeons pee oe ee 647
WOZWN ES oe wien yee toa seicinsaste eee OE | RYAN OLC S52 2 2s te cee te BN eee 709
[BONA CULOLN) 5 ore ites es cee oe C58)" | GECATON I es teat ee etiam S12 oe ee 709
(DUG ee eee BORE BEe ACE TAREE aac Bena oe TOS AVR Weal OObRe sok a cesta ee a oe 652
SCOOT Oasis nc cae ee ea ae 75S! |(Pocaxahalche ust se eee eee 606
PISA tet oe oe rere ree ie aE 5 | 758) (MOC AKChE oo 3.05 2 cek ss 5c) sence eae 791, 792
Wiood-sorrelifamily, 223 oo sen oH eer Tis EM AR-NOCOD oh A eos eee oe el 536
Ba balamas eb soe Sakic saaaas nee 619) |#Max-puken. 5.205 652s. s 22 25 eee 720
EXATIN CO leas see aicceh Sanne amis sac OAs | PNiax-p ulin 22. soo knee oe ee 720
BXAceaI GIS Sale Wey ft cis nici Risin ee eS BRS) (MS CADEN <5 2052066 kote eee ae 617
Sr 55 Bae A ASR a on ee een 661@ | Y¥icheasthultliaes seer seen eee eee e eee eee 785
BXihesimic-Chame ese tensa ee eo pt 540M be MGhUaMItZOZ2 oe aap ces ener ee eee 697
XCADA-KP Xt OlOMn= se nee seen aceese eee G610)1 ||P Yellow-wo0d sia-Secce esc see eee eee eee 682
PETER EU Ny Caste gee et DBE ES Eee Ee ORD Eee Eee G40u me vepaxthuitles see Slee soe eae meee ee 614
XCAR OS See se eae RE lo soe eee ect aie 2 G43 xP MODUL OF dey Sees 5 te eas Se ates ene eee 633
BX(CH ACH CBee nate en te pariioa ns cee eace ceciaes 6457 | RMUCaS Sse sccte cro sadesececee scenes meee 643
EXCHUD ase ae sie wot wee eae: stead as 783, 785 AQUA fe ee ms Seed aes mmteeeaycale Sees 643
XC LIM CHG Meer etre nem ery tome atas same rian 794 SMALLAS. a eae ccc stec ccc seca sees ae 643
SHIGRE VE os ae UU ea C ES ERE OE ESe © acneeerne 533 DEAV Asc of sete ae see wane eiaetecteeeee 643
RCL yee sess Seiesianinasisclosinciste cece mascoss 524 CLIMATLOND Seseeniseceossassteneseee eee 637, 645
BMC CX REE seis eer de oh tes ie op ae re 794 deinion te cea cee scec-eeece seen 643
PRM OROCMI Er ero ak cis oss ee eee 791, 794 dulee ese hence tee. eosteraeeeeeeenee eee 644
DrOUOTNG at 4 Ne cB ae a ee 2 ge G65P |) MuCOLee sass cause tue oo See de ee oceans 564
XAT Ch FLU ihre pe ewe wale trae tye aetna 06m eNGUCU-COV A. .c chibi cms cacee oe ose steeenerrne 666
PRIA ICS om ee eas nian bocce ns Bee EE GLOal| PUG May Sec Aecse amen saee eos nsec ee 643
PROKUUASLGs es eine Sean ee eae Eee mente 555) |) Wuquillow.-.2 2-5... PE eran eeanoricaee 609
SXEMISIDCOCM MEH Meee eee ene oe csse eek caceee S48) peyuinu-nduchidzalia=so- cs eeseserseeeeee eee 622
BNC OOCOUM ee eis ea eee sae cose eect 623) |(utnuatand salen. os coscsceteseeereneee eee 523
BRAC OSE eee acta a acta eae ate ate sie te Nitrest oa ato a eee 656) |pZalmowabOsOmses sees cess scenes see eeee ene 741
BXCochicOpale seacees = eseew ee concen saa ake cbs Hh le PZanth oxy lim’. eon son asec omnes nee names 531
BXCOOCH LOU eecins soee oo aen ice ceeaonew ease cee 566 fine. 2255 Ssedseaccss aoe eseca test eleee 533
MOCO AU Mra crass oacine casocbicebecnee eceeee 807 AMETICANUM: soosewee ence seesnessee eee 531
EXOCOMECGA El oa ee aes Saiersiemia vs dae ninnnes occ neee 728 ALDOLESCENS: =: = ocrarsinnoslese see eres ees 535
PXCOE O Gree eee sie masinelviaciecen naceacenece 566, 657 [ON LIU OSs oespeeppeadseecoSsdareconciscc 534
PROC OU Sey ee islsine crawiecistleisisieste et Pence 657 Carlba@uime sec. soe acoceme sone se eee eee 534
PXOCO VOI ances oa ka ae ee 517 clava-herculis 3.2555. sass sas eee eee 531
PNOLOL AUN Bete cae s ccmetcecaecictcc wea, Tones 739 Cilantrillotes soc c4 sac seeeisecaneecene ees 534
PRO TI Keer aciya et ess ce Nea cis ee eee 71 elegantissimium:..3.c5->see beset eee eee 533
BRON ASCO Sere eee eis reece SLs eee 617 @lephambiasis)..3<.s5-55-.eeecececaceen eae 534
Dr OS GT at Se SA oe SY 540 fagara’ geese sascmic comic acucee anne es 533
EXCH DEN MOM oem eme mat ofyciceisciameic Mince eee 610 (POEL AU MLSs Bec ciaslbin cise ee Saerscinec asoee wanes 534
BXiE AD -COT i tee Santen S o cicac vce Mee 733 IQUCSDT EON ee socom SoCs eo see esi See 528
PRE EK Kane tatoo eto e bin chs ae sisiae ieee eee 813 POLAMAMI ae can acicwiceesoasee eter eee ates 535
22020) (5 Ane aCe SO SIC ORO DC CRED EEE ete 779 VIVELAIVE » <lesfaianne is Poa eine a sig sae elee nies Sele eicl 537
MG OM ACH A oye ai styl abe wea news Se comers 633 INSUITO == soo eee eo sae aeons eee eee 534
PRU MANU ota seis oS ace aceicccanceete semenes 779 ligbmannianumes sc co5- snes ace sine 533
PRG AIK ASO ue oA\ hase bo cme owns tedeeeioneae ee 617 JimMONCENO oaths ore snwcmesseactesewes 534
BXOUIITARTI AGO MS aia) 5a cicia cme nicnais Some ne eleieieie 617 lONGIPES JoscawSosssccecsacdecklete sees 533
PROUT AL Aa asta ease eis Accel saeeee sees 783 MATPINATHING <5 cciacion seeleecee cer entaeeee 533
NSU LOSI Maras so eee ro ein ina oe see ee 841, 842 melanostictiMiz. J. -sssc econ maser eee ee ee 534
EEE Reis sm este Ses Cae i ee ere eas 736 MICrOCAT PUNT otso= Sees soe So eaes ee weeee 535
PVincOrdel call merssm se ara c si siacteicinis Sac ee aces 737 Mollssimume see ooh en wea etna 535
deilaicostas te tot sect no see abasic socio ae 794 monophylum'!ss. oso. s enemies eee sede sane 535
GatvenadOsaeoe sar cneececece ase eee eta 737 NGISON 5 a. see anes oecee cece resem Boeene= 534
CEANAGM ON 2 ens Aes sewe se saceeh ee aeeeee 809 OCCIDENI ALE MS Nacce paseo eels tn cleecee Soe 534
XXVIII INDEX.
Page Page
Zanthoxylum peninsulare..........--------- DOD) |MAAD OGL rsercclawieecierekjasmrtme cam ee meee tt eee 657
PeNLANOMEC c-s eee cece co eemaenereeee ee OI |W AAD OLOD ererctorayatpteratar orale einl stoma sae eee ee 793
PTIN Gleb ssc. ccscch een wceceeke sect aeeeee DS2 || PLATZ Isic d wanna camerccocsecteeeecae see See 813
PLOCEMUIM 2.222 ce cece shi aheek soe 533 UEC oa: eciceoos oseet sRIM RS. 813
MOR OLD tora (rotlarciat ate wlohiete ene ceereeeoeete DSS: 5 | PLETED OMNI db ctseciavtacmencis cea bWece eee 637
PULPUSIs ice =~ scence eestesean snes eeeeses 904? | CZANO WIE Mla aencceosacecine ceseecicies Geis ctsteicincee 678
LELOTULM Eat rahe wie cteree whe een aneeeeeeeee 29 ¢ (ACA VPNES. 2c cons cece cemetceceanccend cteeee 712
ERBOUO Wiictene tai ciararatera stew slaniae Cres aenacievenss 227 COUMPNOLDS, sos ccmceicenecacke nae eaeereee 719
DLAI GO) cicio kaneis tarsle Satire Serine Set 527 TYCIIAES S252 h5 a,c mers Seeman Reet Oe eee 715
DOD Gre rori tat ctarractirctarstonia aero sae ES 793 ODES OIG Ja acdsee Sab wcroisa sis thre oO 715
OO ASUR Soe wc cre teciene cessnearcdsnmeweoeee 793 PATTY = Sos as Sods sheeReSaceRe ese 714
GOPAbA Ee occie sce eaceeeereremeteemekeete 026 } |SZONPONCA Ls sccrs sews eigaes tas eet sec eee 547, 662
deiSanto Domingos... \..cs.<0s.eceeeweuee 826) SZopilocuahuitl:s.scc.jecaossoceeesenan ene 560
DOMING0)..6. ee enrecoeeentaenecems eee ee 827.) | RAOPILObe Sos cos ocwinaamesermssemaccccaenee 560
TU AIN OY ori cyarst sere ewe eee eee eee 826; |S Zopilotl ccna soeetechecetslde accuse OC 560
MUN Oo 2. cseecinuck eek veces weeresheeeene 826 | Zopilo-zontecomacuahuitl..................- 560
FOVEDIAG ORE: sia ie creators etree esters 198 | HEMET OS, cocovecorsccmesseneenancensace sone 534, 537
EPO OR ta era areretarare estes caterers eee D182826 } | Raaelania ~~. 5. cassotaemceieasse sea e eee 843
Gola Costasc.wc-wctes ee cecceeeenstse dee 820) |B Agnes. -cisecicasieenstinaisigs Sacmaciseeeee eee 666
o{cttst:) cll Dt: 0 Le ae ee ee de 568 ||| yeophyllacease.<-: shccniascecasceqessaseeeee 519
Zapotito de:San Juan ..njs<<ceesseecee sel DOS AREAS ODNYM WIM Soca ncieew Sasiniede ceeeomee Hee eRe 521
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM
VOLUME 23, ParT 4
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO
(PASSIFLORACEAE-SCROPHULARIACEAE)
By PAUL C. STANDLEY
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1924
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
IJ
PREFACE.
The fourth installment of the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, by
Mr. Paul C. Standley, Associate Curator of the United States Na-
tional Herbarium, treats the families Passifloraceae to Scrophu-
lariaceae. Several large families are included, notably the Cac-
taceae, of which Mexico possesses a far greater number of species
than does any other part of the earth. Other important groups
covered are the Myrtaceae, Melastomaceae, Asclepiadaceae, and Ver-
benaceae, families whose Mexican representatives have received
little systematic attention during the last 30 years or more.
The account of the family Passifloraceae has been furnished by
Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip, and that of the Cactaceae by Dr. N. L.
Britton and Dr. J. N. Rose.
Frepertck V. CoviLie.
Curator of the United States National Herbarwum.
iit
mOKTa #4
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kis isp. nete34 Letia od) fo tote) atsinoret olbasie OL H
a Sidgowe 0} sacontiixenL coilime? oft-eieost Pee
2080 di yldaion, .babulonioxn, aoilimit ogtal, Neate:
“Asiana to edetun miKorn tal s apsenedod osizeM
ae tdahogmi red dies act to. seq soto que piles
tev iit anhiabinicgS aN! onshe ANSE EME OE 979
Upsvisew oved votiipimesiqot aacixslt paolo -eoilimmt yenes
Scr, tom 19 wiaey Ob déal ont galieh aoihiwide oMamieya)
, < eaae fae ceed 2d snodetolicesd vlimet of} to Ingoony,
, od WA vd anetos’> of) to tard bits quit as ici
Re ear’ eos A A, at bi
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Se
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO’
By Pau C. STANDLEY.
113. PASSIFLORACEAE. Passionflower Family.
(Contributed by Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip.)
REFERENCE: Masters in Mart. Fl. Bras. 181: 530-627. 1872.
1. PASSIFLORA L. Sp. Pl. 955. 1753.
Usually scandent herbs, frequently woody at base, rarely shrubs; leaves
alternate, stipulate, petiolate, entire, lobed, or divided; inflorescence axillary,
the peduncles usually in pairs and 1-flowered; flowers perfect, often showy;
sepals 5; petals 5 or wanting; fruit variable, indehiscent, pulpy within.
About 40 species of this genus occur in Mexico, but only two can properly
be considered shrubs.
Flowers less than 4 cm. wide; petals obovate, less than twice as long as fila-
MIENCSVOL COrOM as ase Le eS ee Se ae 1. P. fruticosa.
Flowers more than 6 ecm. wide; petals linear, more than twice as long as
Hlaments of corona Sole) serra. ity eis nd “ee ae rey asta 2. P. palmeri.
1. Passiflora fruticosa Killip, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 12: 256. 1922.
Baja California.
Low shrub with an erect caudex, 20 to 40 em. high, and a few short
sprawling branches, densely lanate throughout; leaves 1.5 to 2 em. long, 3-lobed ;
peduncles 1 to 2.5 em. long.
2. Passiflora palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 131. 1892.
Baja California; type from Carmen Island.
Low flat-topped shrub, 50 cm. high, 80 to 120 cm. wide; leaves 1.5 to 4 em.
long, 2 to 5 cm. broad; peduncles 4 to 5 em. long; sepals and petals white;
corona filaments blue and white. ‘‘Sandia de la Pasi6n.”
114. CARICACEAE. Papaw Family.
REFERENCE: Solms-Laubach in Mart. Fl. Bras. 132: 175-196. 1889.
Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs, with milky juice; leaves alternate, long-petio-
late, digitately compound, or simple and usually deeply lobate, without stipules;
flowers perfect or more commonly unisexual and dioecious, the pistillate soli-
tary and axillary or in few-flowered panicles; calyx small, rotate or campanu-
late, 5-lobate; staminate corolla with an elongate tube, the limb 5-lobate; pis-
*The first installment of the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico comprising the
families Gleicheniaceae to Betulaceae, was published as Part 1 of Volume 23,
Contributions from the U. S. National Herbarium, pp. 1-170, October 11, 1920;
the second, including the families Fagaceae, to Fabaceae, as Part 2, pp. 171-515,
July 14, 1922; the third, including the families Oxalidaceae to Turneraceae, as
Part 3, pp. 517-848, July, 1923.
849
850 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
tillate corolla of 5 nearly distinct, narrow segments; stamens 10, inserted
in the corolla throat in 2 series; fruit baccate, large, 1 or 5-celled.
Leaves digitately compound. Corolla lobes opposite the calyx lobes; stamens
GiStiNCt: 25 29 Rb ka Ay fee TR ae ee 1. LEUCOPREMNA.
Leaves simple, often deeply lobate.
Plants trees, with simple trunks; stamens distinct; calyx lobes alternating
with the corolla lobes; fruit not appendaged______________ 2. CARICA.
Plants herbaceous, with tuberous roots; stamens united at base; calyx lobes
opposite the corolla lobes; fruit with an appendage at the base of each
GNGlO sae! 2 oO on ine toe T_T Po Ay ey | 3. JARILLA.
1. LEUCOPREMNA Standl., gen. nov.
Only the following species is known. By most authors it has been referred
to the genus Jacaratia, but it seems necessary to place it in a separate genus.
1. Leucopremna mexicana (A. DC.) Standl.
Jacaratia mexicana A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 151: 420. 1864.
Jacaratia conica Kerber, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 282. 1883.
Carica heptaphylla Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 172. 1887. Not C. heptaphylla
Vell. 1825.
Pileus heptaphyllus Ramirez, Naturaleza II. 3: 711. 1908.
Colima, Guerrero, Morelos, Campeche, and Yucatén; said to occur in Oax-
aca, and probably to be found elsewhere. El Salvador; reported from Nica-
ragua, and apparently also in Costa Rica.
Tree, 4.5 to 12 meters high, the trunk very thick at base, tapering upward
and dividing into few heavy branches, the twigs thick and soft, the wood very
soft, the trunk consisting largely of pith; bark smooth, gray; leaves deciduous,
clustered at the ends of the branchlets, the leaflets 5 to 7, obovate, acuminate,
10 cm. long and 6 cm. wide or smaller; flowers dioecious, the staminate in
terminal or axillary panicles, pale yellow, the corolla about 2 cm. long;
stamens 10, free; pistillate flowers terminal, long-pedunculate, the petals
greenish, 4 em. long; fruit 15 ecm. long or more, 8 to 10 em. thick, 5-celled,
pendent, conic or ovoid-oblong, 5-angled, the angles often produced below into
conelike protuberances or wings, the skin green or yellow; seeds rough, black.
“ Bonete” (Yucatan, Campeche, Morelos) ; “ kunché” or “ kumché” (Yucatan,
Maya); “cuaguayote” or “coahuayote” (Colima); “coalsuayote” (Guer-
rero) ; “ orejona,” “ papaya orejona,” “ papayo montés” (Oaxaca) ; “ cuayote”
(El Salvador).
In outward appearance the fruit is not unlike a large green pepper of the
bullnose type, but it varies greatly in shape, being sometimes long, narrow, and
twisted. The flesh is sweet and reddish yellow; it is eaten cooked or as a
salad, and is made into sweetmeats. The juice is said to have the same prop-
erties as that of Carica papaya. ‘Kerber reports that in Colima a kind of
tortilla is made from the starch of the trunk. The tree has been described at
length by Ramirez,’ and illustrated with several excellent plates. It is treated
by Hernindez under the name “ quaiuhayoth.”
Leucopremna mexicana is abundant in extreme western Salvador, occurring
as a characteristic tree on the arid hills near the Rio Paz, close to the Guate-
malan frontier.
* José Ramirez, El Pileus heptaphyllus, Naturaleza II. 3: 707-711. pl. 41-45.
1803.
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 851
2. CARICA L. Sp. Pl. 1036. 1753.
Trees with simple trunks; leaves simple, deeply incised-lobate ; flowers usually
dioecious, axillary; fruit 1 or 5-celled.
The genus consists of about 25 species, all natives of tropical America.
Fruit 5-celled; stigmas lobed only at apex __________________ 1. C. caulifiora.
Fruit 1-celled; stigmas irregularly divided or dichotomous almost or quite
LOjmth en DaSC. 25 Sis te eh 8 See ek 2. C. papaya.
1. Carica cauliflora Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 3: 33. pl. 311. 1776.
Vasconcellea boissieri A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 15*: 415. 1864.
Carica boissieri Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 17: 481. 1880.
Veracruz and Chiapas, and probably elswhere; cultivated and perhaps also
native. Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Trunk about 3.5 meters high, leafy at the top; leaves large, cordate at base,
lobed halfway to base or less, the lobes acuminate and with remote acuminate
teeth, glabrous; flowers inodorous, the staminate 3 to 3.5 em. long, the pistillate
flowers of about the same size; fruit ovoid, pointed, narrowed at base, yellow,
8 em. long or larger. “ Papayo de montafia”’ (El Salvador).
2. Carica papaya L. Sp. Pl. 1086. 1753.
Papaya vulgaris DC. in Lam. Encyel. 5: 2. 1804.
Carica quinqueloba Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 255. 1896.
Commonly cultivated in all the warmer parts of Mexico and wild in many
places. Southern Florida, West Indies, and Central and South America; culti-
vated in the tropics of the Old World.
Trunk sometimes 9 meters high and 25 cm. in diameter, pale green, the
woody tissue thin and porous, the pith large, the trunk with a large central
cavity; leaves borne at the top of the trunk, 20 to 60 cm. wide, deeply
lobed, the lobes pinnately lobed, glaucous beneath; flowers yellow, the stami-
nate in slender panicles 10 to 30 em. long, fragrant, the corolla 2 to 3 em. long;
pistillate flowers solitary or in 2 or 3-flowered cymes, the petals linear-lanceo-
late, 2 to 2.5 em. long; fruit oblong or obvoid, 5 to 10cm. long or often much
larger, pointed, yellow or orange, with thick skin, the flesh firm, sweet and in-
sipid; seeds numerous, black, rough.
Known generally in Spanish-speaking countries as ‘ papaya,”’! which is
believed to be a corruption of the Carib ‘ ababai;” the English names “ papaw ”
r “pawpaw’’? are used, also “ tree-melon,” but “papaya” is the preferable
name. The following additional names are reported. ‘‘ Chick put,’ ‘“ put”
(Yucatan, Maya; the former a wild form) ; “ papaya de los pajaros”’ (Yucatan,
a wild form); “papayero” (the plant); ‘‘melén zapote” (various parts
of Mexico; sometimes corrupted into “ mel6én chapote”); “mandn” (Argen-
tina); “papaya montés” (a wild form); ‘“fruta bomba” (Cuba);
“ dzoosadzahuidium ” (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko); “lechosa” (Porto Rico). It
is remarkable that no Nahuatl name is known for the plant.
The papaya is one of the best-known of tropical American fruits. The
fruits vary greatly in shape, size, and quality; they sometimes attain a
length of 50 cm. and a weight of 20 pounds. They resemble some forms of
muskmelons, especially on the inside. The flesh is 2 to 5 em. thick and
orange-yellow or deep orange. The fruit is eaten like a muskmelon or sliced
and served with sugar and cream, made into salads, or candied; made into
1 This is the name for the fruit; that of the plant is “ papayo.”
2Not to be confused with the ‘“ pawpaw” of the Southern United States,
which is Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal, a plant of the family Annonaceae.
852 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
preserves, pickles, jellies, pies, or sherbets; or sometimes cooked and eaten
like a vegetable. The plants grow easily and rapidly from seeds, and they
bear fruit almost throughout the year. A confection is sometimes made by
boiling the flowers in syrup.
The fruit and other parts of the plant contain an abundant milky juice
from which an enzyme, papain, resembling animal pepsin in its digestive
action, has been separated. This product has become an article of commerce,
being used for the treatment of dyspepsia and related affections, and also
for clarifying beer. The digestive properties of the juice were well known to
the original inhabitants of tropical America, like those of to-day, who often
wrap meat in the leaves and leave it thus over night, to make it tender.
Sometimes leaves are boiled with meat for this purpose, but if too much
papaya juice comes in contact with the meat, or for too long a time, the
meat will fall apart in shreds. Indeed, it is even popularly believed that
the plant is even more efficient, for it is said that if old hogs and poultry
are fed on the leaves and fruit, their flesh will become tender, and if a
piece of tough meat is hung among the leaves of the tree for a few hours
it also will be made tender. This last property is attested by so eminent
an authority as Heber Drury, who states that he proved it by experiment.
The leaves are sometimes used in Mexico as a substitute for soap in washing
clothes.
Various medicinal properties are attributed to the papaya plant. The
seeds and the milk from the roots are often employed as a vermicide, and
the milk is applied to the skin to assist in the removal of chiggers. The in-
fusion of the flowers is reported to have emmenagogue, febrifuge, and pectoral
properties; a decoction of the leaves is employed as a remedy for asthma;
and the juice is administered for indigestion. Grosourdy states that the juice
of the ripe fruit was used as a cosmetic, to remove freckles.
The papaya is treated at length by Oviedo (Lib. VIII, Cap. XX XIII), who:
states that in Hispaniola it was known as “ papaya,” but among the Spaniards.
of the mainland it was called “ higos de mastuerzo,” the latter name being
given because the seeds had a pungent flavor like cress (mastuerzo). In Nica-
ragua, he states, the plant or fruit was called ‘“ olocotén.” He claims also
that the plants were not native in the West Indies, but were brought there by
the Spaniards from the mainland, which may or may not be true. The plant
is mentioned by all the early writers, and is described by Hernandez.’
Ramfirez has described and illustrated* a fruit known as “papaya vola-
dora,” which is presumably a form of this species. It is noteworthy in hav-
ing peduncles as much as 34 cm. long. The flowers of Carica papaya are usu-
ally dioecious, but oceasionally both kinds of flowers are found upon the same:
plant.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CARICA BOURGAEI Solms in Mart. Fl. Bras. 133: 178. 1889. This name is used
by Solms in his key to the species of the genus, but, so far as the writer can
learn, no description has ever been published. The species was probably based
upon a specimen from the Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz, and the plant is closely
related to C. papaya.
*Wor a general account of the papaya and methods of cultivation see F.
W. Popenoe in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort.’ 2460-2462. 1916.
* Thesaurus 99, 3865. 1651.
> Naturaleza II. 3: 548-549. pl. 32. 1901.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 853
3. JARILLA Rusby, Torreya 21: 47. 1921.
Plants herbaceous, glabrous, branched, from tuberous rhizomes; leaves sim-
ple, entire, toothed, or lobed; flowers dioecious, axillary, the staminate in
long-pedunculate panicled cymes, the calyx minute, the corolla funnelform,
with a slender tube; stamens 10, the filaments united at base, hairy, the alter-
nate ones longer; pistillate flowers usually solitary, slender-pedicellate; fruit
pendent, 1-celled, 5-angulate, each angle produced at base into a long recurved
fleshy appendage, the style persistent and elongate; stigmas entire.
The genus, so far as known, is confined to Mexico. It was discussed at
length by Ramfrez,* who gives excellent illustrations of both the species.
Leaves hastate, the basal lobes narrow, elongate, acute; fruit only slightly
contracted above the appendages______________-______ 1. J. heterophylla.
Leaves various but not hastate, the basal lobes, if any, obtuse or rounded; fruit
strongly contracted above the appendages____________-______ 2. J. caudata.
1. Jarilla heterophylla (Llave) Rusby, Torreya 21: 50. 1921.
Mocinna heterophylla Liave, Registro Trimestre, June 12, 1832.
Carica nana Benth. Pl. Hartw. 288. 1848.
Jalisco and Guanajuato; type from Guanajuato.
Plants said to be sometimes scandent, slender; leaves hastate, 2.5 to 10 cm.
long, acute or attenuate, entire or with a few large remote teeth, pale beneath;
staminate corolla 5 mm. long, the lobes as long as the tube; fruit subglobose,
2.5 em. in diameter, with short thick appendages. “ Jarrilla,” ‘ granadilla.”
The writer has seen only a single specimen of this species, consisting of
staminate plants from La Palma, Jalisco.
2. Jarilla caudata (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Mocinna heterophylla sesseana Ramirez, Anal. Inst. Med. Nac. Mex. 1: 207.
pl. 2-4. 1894.
Carica caudata T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 4: 401. 1894:
Jarilla sesseana Rusby, Torreya 21: 47. 1921.
Baja California, Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Guanajuato; type from mountains of
Paja California.
Plants slender, 1 meter long or less, erect or decumbent, the root large; leaves
long-petiolate, very variable, rounded-ovate to deltoid or deltoid-oblong, 2 to 12
cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, cuneate to cordate at base, entire, undulate,
dentate, or lobate, pale beneath; staminate inflorescence long-pedunculate, the
corolla purplish white, about 1 cm. long, the lobes much shorter than the tube;
pistillate flowers usually solitary, long-pedicellate ; body of the fruit ellipsoid or
subglobose, sometimes 9 cm. long, the elongate fleshy style 1 to 2 em. long, the
appendages 3 to 5 cm. long; seeds surrounded by a white aril. “ Jarrilla”
(Guanajuato, Jalisco) ; said to be known as “bonete” in Jalisco.
The fruit has an odor resembling that of lemon or citron. It is usually
employed for making preserves or Sweetmeats, and is well known in the
markets of Jalisco and Guanajuato.
The specimens which have been referred here by Ramirez and by the present
writer are remarkably variable, and it is not improbable that they represent
more than a single species. The writer has seen only six collections, and they
are quite inadequate for critical study. It is desirable that a large series of
specimens be collected of these plants, which are practically unknown outside
the limited area within which they grow.
* Anal. Inst. Méd. Nac. Mex. 1: 205-212. pl. 2-5. 1894.
79688—24——2
854 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
115. LOASACEAE. Loasa Family.
Usually herbs but sometimes shrubs; leaves opposite or alternate, entire or
toothed, estipulate; flowers perfect, racemose or cymose-paniculate, the pedi-
cels bibracteolate; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 4 or 5-lobate; petals
4 or 5, inserted in the calyx throat; stamens few or numerous; style subulate,
entire or bifid or trifid; fruit a 1-celled capsule, containing 1 to many seeds.
Several other genera are represented in Mexico by herbaceous species. Some
of them are plants with stinging hairs. Cevallia sinuata Lag..is a common
plant of the desert regions of northern Mexico, with hairs which sting as pain-
fully as those of a nettle.
Leaves mostly opposite; stamens numerous; capsule many-seeded.
1. MENTZELIA.
Leaves alternate; stamens 4 or 5; capsule 1-seeded_______- 2. PETALONYX.
1. MENTZELIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1076. 1759.
Several other representatives of the genus occur in Mexico, but they are
herbs. The leaves in most species of this genus are extremely scabrous and
cling tenaciously to clothing. Some of the species are knowa in the United
States by the name of “stickleaf.”
1. Mentzelia conzattii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 298. 1897.
Oaxaca.
Tall shrub, sometimes 7 meters high, with brittle woody stems; leaves
mostly opposite, short-petiolate, lanceolate, 4 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, finely
dentate, scabrous above, tomentose beneath; flowers pedicellate, cymose-panicu-
late, about 5 em. broad, bright yellow; calyx lobes 5, 12 to 15 mm. long; petals
oblong-obovate, acute; stamens numerous; capsule about 1 cm. long and nearly
as thick. “Arnica.”
The leaves and roots, Professor Conzatti states, are employed as a ee
for itch and other cutaneous diseases.
2. PETALONYX A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 319. 1855.
Low shrubs or herbs; leaves alternate, entire or toothed, sessile, very
seabrous; flowers very small, in dense terminal bracted spikes or racemes;
calyx tube short, the lobes 4 or 5, narrow, deciduous; petals 4 or 5, clawed;
stamens 4 or 5; staminodia none; fruit small, fragile, rupturing irregularly,
1-seeded.
Leaves strongly revolute, crenate____________________________ 1. P. crenatus.
Leaves not revolute, entire or dentate.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate, broad at base, often dentate_____ 2. P. thurberi.
Leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate, attentuate at base, entire_3. P. linearis.
1. Petalonyx crenatus A. Gray; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 358. 1882.
Coahuila; type from San Lorenzo de Laguna.
Plants woody at base, the stems retrorse-hispidulous; leaves oblong, 4 to
8 mm. long, obtuse, retrorse-scabrous; flowers white, racemose; petals 3 to
4 mm. long.
2. Petalonyx thurberi A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 319. 1855.
Baja California and northern Sonora. Arizona, Nevada, and southern Cali-
fornia; type from the Gila River, Arizona.
Plants 1 meter high or less, chiefly or wholly herbaceous, very scabrous;
leaves 1 to 4 em. long, thick and stiff, spreading or appressed, the upper
ones entire; racemes 4 cm. long or shorter; petals about 4 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 855
3. Petalonyx linearis Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 4: 188. 1885.
Baja California and adjacent islands.
Low shrub, very scabrous throughout; leaves 1 to 3 em. long, obtuse,
very thick; racemes sometimes 12 cm. long, the bracts rounded-cordate,
entire; petals yellowish white, 4 to 5 mm. long. .
Some of the Mexican species of Begonia are perhaps to be classed as
shrubs, but there is no satisfactory evidence to this effect.
116. CACTACEAE. Cactus Family.
(Contributed by Dr. N. L. Britton and Dr. J. N. Rose.)
REFERENCES: Britton & Rose, The Cactaceae, vols. 14. 1919-23; Safford,
Cactaceae of northeastern and central Mexico, Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908:
525-563. pl. 1-15. 1909.
Plants perennial, succulent, usually shrublike or treelike; leaves usually
none or much reduced, sometimes large and flat; spines present, variable in
form and arrangement, borne upon areoles in the leaf axils; flowers usually
perfect, regular or irregular, solitary or clustered, sometimes borne in a
terminal specialized inflorescence known as cephalium; perianth tube none
or large and elongate, with few or numerous lobes, these sometimes differ-
entiated into sepals and petals; stamens commonly numerous, the filaments
usually borne upon the throat of the perianth, the anthers small, 2-celled;
style one, terminal, the stigma with 2 to many lobes; ovary 1-celled; fruit
baceate, fleshy or dry, usually containing numerous seeds.
The Cactaceae constitute one of the largest and most interesting groups
of Mexican plants, and they are more profusely developed in Mexico than
in any other part of the earth. They are often conspicious features of the
landscape, particularly in the desert regions, and they are of great economic
importance. Many of the more showy ones are commonly grown in gardens
for ornament.
Leaves broad, flat; flowers stalked (stalk sometimes very short). Areoles
NoMENONtelOCNi CS. 5 CERES Kana) =o aen eS ee Le 1. PERESKTIA.
Leaves (except in Pereskiopsis) terete or subterete, often wanting; flowers
sessile.
Areoles with glochids; vegetative parts bearing leaves, these usually small
and fugacious; flowers without a definite tube. (OPUNTIEAE.)
Heavessproaduando tats. 2s ae 22 Se ee 2. PERESKIOPSIS.
Leaves subulate or cylindric.
Stamens much longer than the petals__________________ 3. NOPALEA.
Stamens shorter than the petals.
Joints of the stems flat to terete, not ribbed__________ 4. OPUNTIA.
Joints terete, longitudinally ribbed________________ 5. GRUSONTIA.
Areoles without glochids; vegetative parts usually without leaves; flowers
with a definite tube (except in Rhipsalis). (CEREEAE.)
Perianth rotate or nearly so, without a tube. Plants slender, spineless,
epipnysicee many jOUGC Me =. s. = 2 sae he 54. RHIPSALIS.
Perianth not rotate, with a definite tube.
Areoles mostly spineless; plants with numerous joints, these flat; epi-
phytes. ‘
Tube of flower definitely longer than the limb___51. EPIPHYLLUM.
Tube of flower not longer than the limb.
Perianth campanulate, with few segments________ 52. CHIAPASIA.
Perianth short-funnelform, with many segments.
53. NOPALXOCHIA.
856 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Areoles mostly spine-bearing; plants often not jointed, the joints not flat;
plants terrestrial.
A, Flowers and spines borne at the same areoles.
B. Plants several-jointed or many-jointed, the joints elongate.
Plants vinelike, with aerial roots.
Ovary and fruit covered with large foliaceous scales, the axils
neither spiny, hairy, nor bristly. Stems and branches 3-
angled ‘Or o-wibged= 5.2 see ee ees 21. HYLOCEREUS.
Ovary and fruit not bearing large foliaceous scales, the axils
spiny, hairy, or bristly.
Flowers elongate-funnelform.
Stems ribbed, fluted, or angled______ 22. SELENICEREUS.
SLOMIS ayy e das a ae oe ee 23. DEAMIA.
Flowers short-funnelform_______________ 24. APOROCATUS.
Plants erect, treelike, bushy, arching, or diffuse.
Flowers 2 to several at an areole, small.
Flowering areoles bearing many long bristles.
19. LOPHOCEREUS.
Flowering areoles without bristles__.20. MYRTILLOCACTUS.
Flowers solitary at the areoles, mostly large. |
Ovary naked or rarely bearing a few short scales, these some-
times subtending tufts of short hairs.
6. CEPHALOCEREUS.
Ovary with scales, often bearing also wool, bristles, or spines.
Ovary. with scalesonly. = se = wanes 7. ESCONTRIA.
Ovary with scales and also with wool, felt, or spines.
Perianth short-campanulate or short-funnelform, its tube
short and thick.
Plants mostly stout, columnar, and erect, ribbed or an-
gled; roots without tubers.
Corolla short-campanulate; fruit dry.
8. PACH YCEREUS.
Corolla short-funnelform ; fruit fleshy.
Plants columnar, with stout stems; flowers white to
pink, not widely expanded.
9. LEMAIREOCEREUS.
Plants low; flowers pale yellow.
10. BERGEROCACTUS.
Plants very slender, nearly terete or with many low
ribs; roots with tubers_____-___- 11. WILCOXIA.
Perianth funnelform, funnelform-campanulate, or salver-
form.
Areoles of the ovary with spines or bristles.
Plants slender, with a large fleshy root; flowers
SHIVErlOrm == eee ee 12. PENIOCEREUS.
Plants stout or slender, without large fleshy roots;
flowers funnelform.
Plants stout, bushy or prostrate, the spines flat,
dagger-like________ 18. MACHAEROCEREUS.
Plants slender or weak, the spines acicular or
subulate.
_"
_
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 857
Tube of the perianth as long as the limb or
longer; plants elongate, with white flowers.
Joints ribbed____..______ 14. NYCTOCEREUS.
Joints angled________ 15. ACANTHOCEREUS.
Tube of the perianth mostly shorter than the
limb; plants bushy, usually with scarlet
AON CTS Bee. 2 ae 16. HELIOCEREUS.
Areoles of the ovary with wool or felt.
Perianth limb regular; flowers white.
17. CARNEGIEA.
Perianth limb oblique; flowers scarlet
18. RATHBUNIA.
BB. Plants with one or few joints, the joints usually short, some-
times clustered, ribbed or rarely tubercled.
Flowers at lateral areoles________________ 25. ECHINOCEREUS.
Flowers at central areoles.
Ovary and fruit naked.
Plants without spines.
Tubercles prominent, cartilaginous, flattened, more or less
imbricatetee 22h 2) ea ee aaa 26. ARIOCARPUS.
Tubercles low, rounded above________ 27. LOPHOPHORA.
Plants very spiny___.----____-___ 28. EPITHELANTHA.
Ovary and fruit with scales.
Flowers funnelform_____-___________ 29. HAMATOCACTUS.
Flowers mostly campanulate, at least not long and slender.
Areoles not arranged on ribs.
Tubercles short, imbricate_____- 30. STROMBOCACTUS.
Tubercles much elongate, slender, finger-like.
31. LEUCHTENBERGIA.
Areoles arranged on definite ribs.
Axils of scales on ovary and fruit naked.
Ribs usually continuous, rarely if ever tubercled;
flowers with scarcely any tube.
Ribs usually numerous, much compressed, thin.
382. ECHINOFOSSULOCACTUS.
Ribs not so numerous, usually thick.
33. FEROCACTUS.
Ribs usually broad, tubercled; flowers with a short
but definite tube___________ 34. ECHINOMASTUS.
Axils of scales on ovary hairy, woolly, or bristly
Ribs several to many; plants very spiny.
Fruit permanently woolly, nearly dry, dehiscent by
a terminal pore__________ 35. ECHINOCACTUS.
Fruit not so woolly, somewhat fleshy, bursting irregu-
ERD yee eek eee pees 36. HOMALOCEPHATLA.
Ribs few, broad; plants mostly spineless.
37. ASTROPHYTUM.
AA. Flowers and spines borne at different areoles. Plants consisting
of a single joint.
Flowering areoles forming a central terminal cephalium.
38. CACTUS.
858 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Flowering areoles at the base or on the side of the tubercles.
Ovary more or less scaly (not known in Mamillopsis).
Flowers with a short tube.
Spines partly hooked______________ 39. ANCISTROCACTUS.
Spines not hooked.
Tubercles not deeply grooved; fruit scaly.
40. THELOCACTUS.
Tubercles deeply grooved; fruit nearly naked. =
41. NEOLLOYDIA.
Flowers with an elongate tube__________ 42. MAMILLOPSIS.
Ovary naked or nearly so.
Mlowers inrep ular fe FS oe! ho a ae 43. COCHEMIEA,
Flowers regular.
Flowers central, borne in axils of young, usually nascent
tubercles.
Tubercles grooved on upper side.
Seeds mostly light brown; fruit greenish or yellowish,
ripening slowly_____________ 44, CORYPHANTHA.
Seeds black or dark brown; fruit red, maturing rapidly.
45. ESCOBARIA.
Tubercles not grooved on upper side.
Fruit circumscissile; tubercles fleshy; spines acicular.
46. BARTSCHELLA.
Fruit not circumscissile; tubercles woody; spines
pectinateLekinearens whence _» 47. PELECYPHORA,
Flowers lateral, borne in axils of old and mature tubercles,
these never grooved above.
Flowers large, with an elongate tube; tubercles elongate,
TUES 0) Ch Senokot de ee gE OE es 48. DOLICOTHELE.
Flowers small, campanulate; tubercles not flabby.
Hilum of seed large; spines pectinate____49. SOLISIA.
Hilum of seed minute; spines not pectinate.
50. NEOMAMMILLARIA.
1. PERESKIA Mill. Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754.
Leafy trees or shrubs, or sometimes clambering vines, branching and re-
sembling other woody plants; spines in pairs or in clusters in the axils
of the leaves, neither sheathed nor barbed; leaves alternate, broad, flat,
deciduous, somewhat fleshy; flowers solitary, corymbose, or in panicles, ter-
minal or axillary, wheel-shaped; stamens numerous; style one; stigma lobes
linear; seeds black, glossy, with a brittle shell, the embryo strongly curved,
the cotyledons leafy; seedlings without spines.
Pereskia portulacifolia (L.) Haw. has often been reported incorrectly from
Mexico. The following vernacular names have been given for it: “ Pitahayita
de agua” (Jalisco) ; “pata de leén,” “patilon” (Oaxaca). The name “palo
de puerco espino” is reported from Oaxaca’ for a Pereskia whose specific
identity is doubtful.
Plants climbing vines; branches with a pair of reflexed spines at each
CECE. 0) (JE ee ose a ee ARC RL SORE NE Tier AE)” Die RDI aed Fy) es oem c 1. P. aculeata.
Plants erect shrubs or trees; branches with straight spines at the areoles.
Petals fimbriates. 26-0 630 eran oe ee ee 2. P. lychnidiflora.
Petals entire.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 859
Branches with few or no spines________________________ 3. P. tampicana.
Branches very spiny.
Leaves acuminate, cuneate at base_________________ 4. P. zinniaeflora.
Leaves merely acute, not cuneate at base___.__________ 5. P. conzattii.
1. Pereskia aculeata Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 1768.
Cactus pereskia L. Sp. Pl. 469. 1753.
Pereskia pereskia Karst. Deutsch. Fl. 888. 1882.
Pereskia godsefiana Sander, Gard. Chron. III. 48: 257. 1908.
Cultivated throughout tropical America; perhaps an escape in Mexico.
Shrub, at first erect, but the branches often clambering and forming vines
3 to 10 meters long; spines on lower part of stem solitary or 2 or 3 together,
slender and straight; spines in the axils of the leaves paired, rarely in threes,
short, recurved; leaves short-petioled, lanceolate to oblong or ovate, short-
acuminate, tapering or rounded at base, 7 cm. long or less; flowers in panicles
or corymbs, white, pale yellow, or pinkish, 2.5 to 4.5 em. broad; ovary leafy
and often spiny; fruit light yellow, 1.5 to 2 em. in diameter, when mature
quite smooth; seeds black, somewhat flattened, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter. ‘“Gro-
sellero”’ (Cuba).
This species is often cultivated, the flowers being handsome, although they
have an offensive odor. The fruit is edible, and is sometimes used for making
preserves. The leaves are said to be employed in Brazil as a pot herb. In
the British West Indies the plant is sometimes known as Barbados goose-
berry or Spanish gooseberry.
2. Pereskia lychnidiflora DC. Prodr. 3: 475. 1828.
Mexico; known only from a drawing by Mocifio and Sessé.
Evidently a tree or shrub; branches cylindric, woody; leaves 4 to 7 cm.
long, oval to oblong, pointed, rounded at base, sessile; axils of leaves each
bearing a stout spine 2 to 5 em. long and several long hairs; flowers 6 cm.
broad, solitary, borne at the ends of short stout branches; petals broadly cune-
ate, laciniate at the apex; ovary turbinate, bearing small leaves.
3. Pereskia tampicana Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 939. 1898.
Reported only from Tampico, Tamaulipas.
Shrub; branches often without spines, or the spines several, needle-like,
black, 2 to 3 em. long; areoles globular, appearing as knobs along the stem;
leaves about 5 em. long, petioled; flowers 2.5 em. long; petals entire, rose-
colored.
4. Pereskia zinniaeflora DC. Prodr. 3: 475. 1828.
Based upon a drawing by Mocifio and Sessé, and not otherwise known.
Shrub; leaves oval to oblong, 2 to 4 cm. long, acuminate, cuneate at base;
spines on young branches 1 or 2 at an areole, on old branches 4 or 5, all Jess
than 1 em. long; flowers 5 cm. wide, rose-red; petals entire, obtuse or retuse;
style and stamens very short; ovary truncate, bearing small stalked leaves.
5. Pereskia conzattii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 24. 1919.
Southern Oaxaca, the type from Salina Cruz.
Tree, 8 to 10 meters high; bark of stems and branches brown and smooth;
leaves orbicular to obovate, acute, 1 to 2.5 cm. long; areoles small, with short
white wool and a few long hairs; spines 2 to 6 on young branches, 10 to 20
on main stem, acicular, 2 to 2.5cm. long, at first yellowish brown, dark brown in
age; ovary bearing small scales; fruit naked, pear-shaped, more or less stalked,
3 to 4 em. long; seeds black, glossy, 3 mm. long, with a small white hilum.
860 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. PERESKIOPSIS Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 331. 1907.
Trees and shrubs, in habit and foliage similar to Pereskia; old trunk form-
ing a solid woody cylinder covered with bark and resembling the ordinary
dicotyledonous stem; areoles circular, spine-bearing or sometimes spineless,
also bearing hairs, wool, and usually glochids; flowers similar to those of
Opuntia; ovary sessile (one species described as pedunculate), with leaves at
the areoles (except in one species) ; fruit red; seeds bony, few, covered with
matted hairs.
Stems, ovary, and often the leaves more or less pubescent.
Normal leaves long-acuminate, narrow, with narrow cuneate base.
1. P. velutina.
Normal leaves abruptly pointed, somewhat cuneate at base__2. P. diguetii.
Stems, ovary, and leaves glabrous.
Leaves, at least some of them, not much longer than broad.
Fruit ‘without leaves2=_ =. 5-2 i= sii Soe SS. oP opuntiaciiora:
Fruit with leaves subtending the areoles.
Areoles white, with few or no glochids.
Leaves orbicular or nearly so, rounded or apiculate at apex.
4. P. rotundifolia.
Leaves, at least the upper ones, obovate or elliptic, acute at both ends.
5. P. chapistle.
Areoles dark, filled with numerous brown glochids______ 6. P. porteri.
Leaves, at least some of them, twice as long as broad or longer.
Leaves: spatulate2—.. ._ 20a 5 ee eS De eee Lae? spathulata,
Leaves elliptic to oblong or obovate.
Leaves: pale! green, glaucousic- setsss2.8 se ee 8. P. pititache.
eaves ‘bright«green,“shining? 42) Boltevee" betes. Seelte 9. P. aquosa.
1. Pereskiopsis velutina Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50: 3338. 1907.
Central Mexico, the type from Querétaro.
Stems weak and spreading, forming compact bushes 1 meter high or more;
old stems with cherry-brown bark; young branches green, borne nearly at right
angles to the old stem, velvety-pubescent; areoles bearing long white hairs,
several short spines, and some glochids; leaves elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 2 to
6 em. long by 1.5 to 2.5 cm. broad, acuminate, or acute at both ends, dull green,
more or less velvety-puberulent on both surfaces; flowers sessile on the sec-
ond-year branches; ovary obovoid to oblong, pubescent, bearing large Jeaves
and areoles similar to those of the stem; leaves on ovary spreading or ascend-
ing and persisting after the flower falls; sepals green or deep and tinged with
yellow; petals bright yellow. ‘‘ Nopaleta,” ‘cola de diablo.”
The plant is grown in hedges about Querétaro.
2. Pereskiopsis diguetii (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50: 332.
1907.
Opuntia diguetii Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 166. 1898.
Jalisco to Oaxaca; type collected near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Tall shrub, larger than the preceding species; old stems reddish; branches
pubescent; areoles when young filled with iong cobwebby hairs, when old
large and filled with short black wool; leaves elliptic to obovate, 3 to 5 cm.
long, usually abruptly pointed, more or less cuneate at base; spines usually 1,
rarely aS many as 4, at first nearly black, in time becoming lighter, sometimes
nearly 7 cm. long; glochids brownish, not very abundant; flowers yellow;
fruit 3 cm. long, red, pubescent, its areoles often bearing spines as well as
glochids; seeds white, 5 mm. broad, covered with matted hairs. ‘“Tasajillo,”
“ alfilerillo ” (Jalisco).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 861
8. Pereskiopsis opuntiaeflora (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50:
332. 1907.
Pereskia opuntiaeflora DC. Prodr. 3: 475. 1828.
Opuntia golziana Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 654. 1898.
Based upon a drawing of a Mexican plant by Sessé and Mocifio, and not
otherwise known.
Shrubby, glabrous; leaves obovate, mucronate, often in pairs; spines, when
present, solitary, elongate, 2 to 3 times as long as the leaves; flowers sub-
terminal, short-pedunculate; petals numerous, ovate, subacute, reddish yel-
low, arranged in two series; ovary leafless, bearing areoles filled with
glochids.
4. Pereskiopsis rotundifolia (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50:
383. 1907.
Pereskia rotundifolia DC. Prodr. 8: 475. 1828.
Opuntia rotundifolia Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 652. 1898.
Based upon an illustration by Mocifio and Sessé of a Mexican plant; per-
haps occurring in Oaxaca.
Stem thick, more or less woody; branches slender, glabrous; leaves nearly
orbicular, mucronate; spines elongate, solitary; flowers 3 ecm. broad, borne
on the second-year branches; petals reddish yellow, broad, with mucronate
tips; ovary leafy; fruit obovoid, red, leafy.
5. Pereskiopsis chapistle (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50:
331. 1907.
Opuntia chapistle Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 388. 1904.
Oaxaca and probably Morelos; type from Oaxaca.
A large branching shrub, sometimes 3 to 4 meters high, the branches
widely spreading, glabrous; spines single, white, long (6 cm.), very stout;
leaves fleshy, somewhat persistent, obovate to elliptic, sometimes nearly
orbicular, 3 to 4 em. long, glabrous; flowers yellow; fruit red. ‘ Chapiztli.”
6. Pereskiopsis porteri (T. S. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll.
50: 332. 1907.
Opuntia porteri T. S. Brandeg.; Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 899. 1898.
Opuntia brandegeei Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 653. 1898.
Pereskiopsis brandegeei Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50: 331. 1907.
Sinaloa and southern Baja California; type from Sinaloa.
Stems stout, woody, branching, 60 to 120 em. high, 3 cm. in diameter, the
old areoles bearing 3 to § stout spines 3 to 5 cm. long, but on the trunk
often 15 to 20 spines from an areole; first and second-year branches usually
short, spineless or with 1 or 2 brown spines, those of the first year green, of
the second year brownish; areoles bearing numerous small brown glochids;
leaves sessile, 2 to 3 em. long, obovate, acute, fleshy; flowers about 4 ecm.
in diameter; sepals few, spatulate, short; petals few, yellow, broad, entire;
fruit joint-like, oblong, 4 to 5 cm. long, orange-colored, with large areoles
bearing brown glochids; seeds 1 or few, covered with white deciduous hairs.
“Alecajer” (Baja California).
The fruit is said to be edible but very sour.
7. Pereskiopsis spathulata (Otto) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50:
333. 1907.
Pereskia spathulata Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 176. 1837.
Opuntia spathulata Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 165. 1898.
Collected many years ago in Mexico, but without definite locality.
862 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Branching shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; branches few, glaucescent, deflexed ;
leaves spatulate, thick, green, 2.5 to 5 em. long; areoles distant, woolly,
hairy when young; spines 1 or 2, rigid, white below, 2.5 em. long; glochids
brown, borne in the upper part of the areoles; flowers red; seeds white.
The vernacular name “pititache’ has been reported, perhaps erroneously,
for this species.
8. Pereskiopsis pititache (Karw.) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50:
332. 1907.
Pereskia pititache Karw.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 176. 1837.
Pereskia calandriniaefolia Link & Otto; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck.
1849. 252. 1850.
Opuntia pititache Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 166. 1898.
Reported from southern Mexico.
Stems rather low and somewhat branching; bark light brownish and flaking
off ; areoles on main trunk each bearing 1 to 4 slender acicular spines and a small
cluster of yellowish glochids; branches, even when several years old, bearing
a single long acicular spine from an areole and no glochids; young branches
rather slender and green, their areoles small, black in the center, with long
white hairs from their margins and no spines; leaves obovate or oblong-
obovate, 4 em. long or less, pale green, thin, acute or bluntish at apex, narrowed
at base.
The names “patil6n’” and “pititache” are reported for this species.
9. Pereskiopsis aquosa (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 331.
1907.
Opuntia aquosa Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 165. 1898.
Vicinity of Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Shrub, with glabrous glaucous green branches, the young shoots with long
white hairs at the areoles; leaves bright green, nearly elliptic, acute, about
twice as long as wide, narrowed at base, glabrous; spines usually solitary,
standing at right angles to the stem, white; glochids few, yellow; flowers yel-
low; outer petals blotched with red; fruit pear-shaped, 4 to 5 em. long, 2 to
2.5 em. in diameter, yellowish green. ‘“ Tuna de agua,” “pitaya de agua,”
“ chirrioncillo,” “ tasajillo,” ‘ alfilerillo.”
3. NOPALEA Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 63. 1850.
Much branched plants with definite cylindric trunks; roots, so far as known,
fibrous; branches or joints flattened, fleshy, often narrow; glochids usually
less abundant than in Opuntia; spines solitary or in clusters at the areoles,
sheathless; leaves small, subterete, soon deciduous; areoles bearing white wool,
glochids, and often spines; flowers originating in the areoles usually at or
near the edges of the joints; sepals ovate, erect; petals red or pinkish, erect,
closely appressed against the numerous stamens and the style; filaments and
style slender, much longer than the petals; ovary more or less tuberculate,
naked or spiny, with a very deep umbilicus; fruit a juicy berry, red, edible,
usually spineless; seeds numerous, flat, covered by a hard bony aril.
POUIES EW ICHOUS (SPITS. se Ree a ee eee 1. N. cochenillifera.
Joints more or less spiny.
SPINES AcCiculare = ees SL SS SN Se ee Oe eee ee 2. N. gaumeri.
Spines subulate.
Areoles usually with 1 or 2 spines, but sometimes without spines; joints
ST QTICOUSE ee terre eer TES SEINE EE Re SEP Re ee 3. N. auberi.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 863
Areoles with 2 to 12 spines; joints green.
Joints narrow, 4 to 7 times as long as wide______________ 4. N. dejecta.
Joints oblong or oblong-obovate, 2 to 4 times as long as wide.
Spines 2 to 4; joints not tuberculate____________ 5. N. karwinskiana,
Spines 4 to 12; joints strongly tuberculate____________ 6. N. inaperta.
1. Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 64. 1850.
Cactus cochenillifer L. Sp Pl. 468. 1753.
Opuntia cochinelifera Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Opuntia No. 6. 1768.
Cultivated throughout tropical America.
Often tall plants, 3 to 4 meters high, with trunks up to 20 cm. thick; branches
of ascending or spreading oblong joints, sometimes 50 cm. long, green, bright
green at first; spines none or rarely minute ones developing on the older joints;
glochids numerous, caducous; flowers appearing from the tops of the joints,
usually in great abundance; flower, from base of ovary to tip of style, 5.5 cm.
long; ovary nearly globular, 2 cm. long, with low diamond-shaped tubercles, its
areoles bearing many glochids; sepals broadly ovate, acute, scarlet; petals a
little longer than the sepals, otherwise similar, persistent; stamens pinkish,
exserted 1 to 1.5 em. beyond the petals; stigma lobes 6 or 7, exserted beyond
the stamens; style swollen just above its base into a broad disk; fruit red, about
5 em. long; seeds about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. wide. ‘“ Nocheznopalli”
(Nahuatl) ; ‘‘ nopal de San Gabriel” (Oaxaca) ; ‘tuna mansa” (Porto Rico) ;
“tuna,” “nopal” (El Salvador).
Nopalea cochenillifera is one of the best known of Mexican plants, particu-
larly because of the fact, as indicated by the specific name, that it was upon
this cactus that there were propagated the cochineal insects from which was ob-
tained the famous dye of the same name. The source of the dye was well
known to the precolumbian inhabitants of Mexico, who used it for coloring va-
rious articles. Immediately after the Conquest the export of cochineal was
begun, and it was long one of the chief articles of tribute to the crown. The
industry was later established in Spain, India, Jamaica, the Canary Islands, and
elsewhere. The principal producer of the dye was probably the Canaries, and
from those islands in 1868 more than 6,000,000 pounds, valued at $4,000,000
was exported. With the development of coal-tar dyes this industry quickly de-
cayed.
The cochineal insects were “ planted” upon the branches of the plants, where
they quickly multiplied, and were later brushed off into bags. After hav-
ing been dried, they became the cochineal of commerce. Large plantations of
Nopalea plants were made in Mexico for this purpose, the chief centers of
production being in Guerrero and Oaxaca. It should be noted that the
eochineal insect lives upon Opuntias, and extends as far north as the State
of Colorado.
The fruit is edible. The joints are sometimes applied as poultices to relieve
articular rheumatism, erysipelas, ophthalmia, earache, and toothache.
2. Nopalea gaumeri Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 216. 1919.
Yucatin; type locality, near Silam.
About 3 meters high, much branched; joints small, linear-oblong or oblong-
oblanceolate, 6 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 3 em. broad, rather thin; areoles small, 1 to 2
em. apart; spines very unequal, 5 to 20 mm. long, acicular, 4 to 12, yellowish
when young; flower small, including ovary and stamens about 4 cm. long; sepals
ovate, acute; petals oblong, 12 mm. long; stamens long-exserted; style longer
than the stamens; fruit red, darker within, obovoid, 3 cm. long, its numerous
areoles bearing spines and yellow glochids; umbilicus prominent, 1 cm. deep;
seeds about 4 mm. broad, with very narrow margin and very thin testa.
864 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Nopaiea auberi (Pfeiff.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 64. 1850.
Opuntia auberi Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 282. 1840.
Central to southern Mexico; type locality unknown.
Often 8 to 10 meters high, with a cylindric jointed trunk, never very spiny’
but the areoles bearing tufts of brown glochids; branches often at right angles.
to the stem; joints narrow, thick, 30 cm. long, bluish green and glaucous;
areoles circular, about 2 mm. broad, bearing short white wool and later a
tuft of brown glochids; spines when present 1 or 2, subulate, the upper one
about twice as long as the other, white or nearly so, with brownish tips, the:
longest one 2 to 8 cm. long; flowers from base of ovary to tip of style about
9 cm. long; petals erect, closely embracing the stamens, rose-pink, ovate-lance-
olate, acuminate, 2 to 3.5 cm. long; filaments 12 to 15 mm. longer than the
petals, white below, but the exposed parts pinkish; ovary 4 cm. long, with
low but very distinct tubercles and a deep umbilicus, its areoles bearing many
brown glochids, these sometimes 10 mm. long.
4, Nopalea dejecta Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 64. 1850.
Opuntia dejecta Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 361. 1834.
Cultivated in tropical Mexico; type locality unknown.
Plants 1 to 2 meters high, with definite trunk, very spiny, the old areoles
often bearing 6 or 8 spines; joints narrow, 10 to 15 cm. long, only moderately
thick, often drooping, bright green even in age, bearing usually two somewhat
spreading spines at an areole; spines at first pale yellow or pinkish, in age
gray, the longest 4 cm. long; flower, including ovary and style, 5 em. long;
sepals obtuse; petals erect, dark red; stamens long-exserted, dark red. ‘‘ Nopal
chamacuero”’ (Tamaulipas).
The fruit is edible. The joints are sometimes cut into strips and boiled as
a vegetable.
5. Nopalea karwinskiana (Salm-Dyck) Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 752. 1898.
Opuntia karwinskiana Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 239. 1850.
Widely distributed in Mexico.
A tree, 2 meters high or more, with a definite jointed terete spiny trunk;
joints oblong, 15 to 30 cm. long, light dull green, only slightly glaucous; leaves
elongate, acute; areoles distant; spines 3 to 7 from an areole, porrect, 1 to
2 cm. long, pale yellow to nearly white; glochids yellow, numerous, caducous;
flowers red, 11 to 12 em. long; ovary deeply umbilicate, 3 cm. long. ‘“ Nopalillo
de flor” (Jalisco) ; ‘‘ nopalillo.”
The root is said to be employed as a remedy for dysentery.
6. Nopalea inaperta Schott; Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 139. 1913.
Yueatén.
Described as 5 to 7 meters high but in cultivation much smaller, diffusely
branched, often bushlike; trunk very spiny; terminal joints rather small, obo-
vate, 6 to 17 cm. long, strongly tuberculate, bright green; spines usually 3 to
6 at areoles of young joints, more at old ones, yellowish brown, 2 em. long
or less; flowers including ovary and stamens 4 cm. long; filaments numerous,
long-exserted ; style much longer than the stamens; fruit red, 1.5 cm. long.
4. OPUNTIA Mill. Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754.
Plants sometimes with definite trunks or more often much branched from
the base, the branches often spreading, reclining, or prostrate, sometimes clam-
bering, but never climbing (one species known with annual stems); roots
fibrous or rarely tuberous and large and fleshy; ultimate branches (joints or
pads) cylindric to globose or flattened, usually very fleshy, sometimes woody;
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 865
areoles axillary, bearing spines, barbed bristles (glochids), hairs, flowers, and
sometimes glands; leaves usually small, terete, mostly early deciduous; spines
solitary or in clusters, terete or flattened, naked or sheathed; glochids usually
numerous, borne above the spines; flowers usually one at an areole; ovary
many-ovuled, bearing leaves, the areoles often with spines and glochids; sepals
usually grading into the petals; petals usually of various shades and combi-
nations of green, yellow, and red (rarely white), widely spreading; stamens
much shorter than the petals, sensitive; fruit a berry, dry or juicy, often edible,
spiny or naked, globular, ovoid, or ellipsoid; seed covered by a hard bony aril,
white, flattened.
The species of Opuntia are common in nearly all parts of Mexico, par-
ticularly in the arid regions. Those of the subgenus Platyopuntia are of
great economic importance because of their edible fruits. Not all species
produce edible fruits, but in certain ones the fruits are large and of excel-
lent quality. During their season the tunas are the principal food of the
people in certain parts of Mexico, and enormous quantities of them are con-
sumed. Usually they are eaten raw, but they are also cooked in various
Ways, and sweetmeats are made from them. Queso de tuna consists of the
dried fruit pressed into large cakes; this is widely sold in the markets.
Miel de tuna is a syrup prepared from the fruit. Melcocha is a thick
paste made by boiling down the juice. Colonche is the boiled and fermented
juice. Nochote or nochocle is a fermented beverage prepared from tuna juice,
pulque, and water.1 Tejuino also is a beverage prepared from the juice
of the fruit.
The tender young joints are often cooked as a vegetable. They are also
applied as poultices to reduce inflammation. The juice of the joints is
sometimes boiled with tallow in making candles, in order to make the
candles hard.
Among some of the Californian Indians the seeds were an important food.
These were stored until winter, when they were ground and used to pre-
pare a kind of atole.
Many of the Opuntias are of importance as food for stock in the arid
regions. In order to make them more easily edible, the spines are some-
times burned off with torches.2
The usual name for a plant of the subgenus Platyopuntia is “ nopal’’;
for the fruit “tuna” (a name said to be of West Indian origin). The English
name is prickly pear. An infinite number of names is employed in Mexico
to designate the numerous varieties of the fruit that are recognized. The
following are some of the names that are reported for the plants and their
fruits: SsNoechtliv2. (ruit. Nahuatl): “culhua”’:> “pacae”, —‘“potzotzi””
(Huastec) ; “taat” (Mixe); “pare” (Tarascan) ; “ c&ihi” (fruit), ‘ xatha”
{plant) (Otomi).
The nopal occupies a prominent place in Mexican legend and history, and
upon the national banner there appears an eagle perched upon a nopal plant.
The tunas are mentioned by all the early writers, as, for instance, Oviedo,
who devotes a long chapter to them. 3ernal Diaz del Castillo mentions
them as one of the fruits depended upon for food during the siege of Mexico
1Por an account of the economic properties of the genus see Hare and
Griffiths, The tuna as food for man, N. Mex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 64. 1907.
2See Griffiths and Hare, Prickly pear and other cacti as food for stock,
N. Mex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 60. 1906.
866 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
in 1521. Clavigero states that improved varieties of tunas were carried to
Baja California by the early missionaries. He reports also that the Cochimi
name for the fruit “is the single vowel a.”
Joints of the stems all terete, elongate or short, cylindric to globose. (Sub-
genus CYLINDROPUNTLIA. )
SPineSs nWwiehOUE Shea this. = ony yoke SUE ot Mu ies VII. CLAVATAE.
Spines with papery sheaths.
Spines, at least some of them, solitary, sometimes several; ultimate
branches slender, rarely more than 1 em. thick.___I. LEPTOCAULES.
Spines always more than one; ultimate branches stouter.
Ultimate branches not over 2 cm. thick ________ TI. THURBERIANAE.
Ultimate branches 2 cm. thick or more.
ISU GA LYS, ot aes eee III. ECHINOCARPAE.
Fruit fleshy.
Tubercles of young joints scarcely longer than broad.
IV. BIGELOVIANAE.
Tuberecles distinctly longer than broad.
Tubercles narrow, high, laterally flattened___-_V. IMBRICATAE.
‘Tobercles! broad, “low ee Sry tee ee ee VI. FULGIDAE.
Joints, at least some of them, flat or compressed. (Subgenus PLATYOPUNTIA.)
Stems/annual, very slenderi223 22) oe ee XXIV. CHAFFEYANAE.
Stems perennial, stout or slender.
Flowers dioecious; petals very narrow_______-_ XXIII. STENOPETALAE.
Flowers perfect; petals obovate to oblong.
Joints easily detached from the plants.
Joints very easily detached, little flattened; plants mostly low and
OU NG ses e Eee] OETA Sia == eee ee eee ee ee VIII. PUMILAE.
Joints not so easily detached, flattened; plants mostly taller and
WLM AnOGr HOMES 2 ee a ae ee oe ee IX. TUNAE.
Joints not easily detached, persistent.
Areoles small, 1 to 2 mm. in diameter, mostly close together, not ele-
EI TT Pw ciao A end te elas me COND of wih Sytner X. BASILARES.
Areoles larger, mostly distant.
Spines, when present, brown or yellow (white in O. setispina).
Spines brown, at least at base or tip.
Plants bushy or depressed.
Spines -aciqulars= 2s ss ee ae XI. SETISPINAE.
Spines!Subulate = oe ee eee XII, PHAEACANTHAE.
Plants tall, sometimes with a definite trunk.
XIII. ELATIORES.
Spines yellow, at least partially so.
Epidermis glabrous.
Areoles close together, bearing long brown wool.
XIV. SCHEERIANAE.
Areoles distant, without long wool____XV. DILLENIANAE.
Epidermis, at least that of the ovary, pubescent.
XVI. MACDOUGALIANAE.
Spines, when present, white (or faintly yellow).
Epidermis pubescent.
Spines "acieulars asc. ee ere ae ee eee XVII. TOMENTOSAE.
Spines setaceous, flexible__________ XVIII. LEUCOTRICHAE.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OCF MEXICO. 867
Epidermis glabrous.
Areoles bearing long soft hairs________ XIX. ORBICULATAE.
Areoles without long hairs.
Joints green or bluish green.
Plants spineless, or with a few, usually short spines.
XX. FICUS-INDICAE.
Plants spiny, at least on old joints.
XXI. STREPTACANTHAE.
TOMES DUC oe ee a eee XXII. ROBUSTAE.
I. LEPTOCAULES.
Ultimate joints short, usually at right angles to the branches, 4 to 7 mm. thick.
Leaves ovoid to ovoid-subulate; young areoles long-hairy__1. O. mortolensis.
Leaves linear; areoles not long-hairy____________________ 2. O. leptocaulis.
Ultimate joints longer, usually at an acute angle with the branches, 8 to
15 mm. thick.
Joints’ only “slightly? tuberculate?=2 _20_ 0 ao0 sie ee 3. O. arbuscula.
Joints manifestly -tuberculatess== 4563 Se. Sees eee — a eee 4. O kleiniae.
Il. THURBERIANAE.
Tubercles narrowly oblong, 1 cm. long or more.
Spines, at least the larger ones, 2.5 em. long or more______ 5. O. recondita.
Spimese2 ccm; slong 70r. LOSS eet wah Senet Be 6. QO. thurberi.
Tubercles“low*} -oblong,- 6. to- 8 mm Wong 4 eno Ba feos 7. O. clavellina.
III. ECHINOCARPAE.
Sheaths of the spines white or straw-colored______________ 8. O. echinocarpa.
Sheaths' yellow-brown 22 9 s~ se 22s oad AGE Al 3 9. O. serpentina.
IV. BIGELOVIANAE.
Larger spines numerous; upper tubercles on fruit larger than the lower ones.
10. O. bigelovii.
Larger spines 4 to 6; tubercles on fruit all alike-___________ 11. O. ciribe.
V. IMBRICATAE.
Joints clavate; tubercles not much flattened laterally________ 19. O. molesta.
Joints cylindric; tubercles much flattened laterally. >
Fruit smooth or but slightly tuberculate.
Branches: ‘very stout, 5 cm. thick or more 222s) obs 5s 12. O. cholla.
Branches relatively slender, 2 cm. thick or less.
Plants glaucous; spines 4 at an areole____________ 13. O. calmalliana.
Plants not glaucous; spines more than 4 at an areole__14. O. versicolor.
Fruit manifestly tuberculate.
Plants tall, up to 2 to 4 meters high.
Flowers small, the petals 1.5 em. long_________-____ 15. O. lloydii.
Flowers large, the petals 2 to 3 em. long.____________ 16. O. imbricata.
Plants low, 60 em. high or less.
EGLO NVI fary ClO Nye ee ee Re ee es 17. O. tunicata.
INLOWEES rose-colored: Stymie «let eet ar wits eter tel oe 18. O. pallida.
868 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
VI. FULGIDAE.
Joints very readily detached, freely falling_______________. 20. O. fulgida.
Joints not readily detached, persistent.
Spines brown or reddish, at least at base.
Branches slender; fruit not proliferous_____.___________ 21. O. spinosior.
IBTANGHES Stouts LCUIL /PrOlterous= = ee eae eee 22. O. prolifera.
Spines white or yellow.
Spines white; petals greenish yellow, 1 cm. long or less__28. O. alcahes.
Spines yellow; petals red, 2 cm. long~_____________ 24. O. burrageana.
VII. CLAVATAHR.
Spines flattened.
Stems very stout.
Stems hardly clavate; ovary very prickly___-__________ 25. O. invicta.
Stems strictly clavate; ovary only slightly prickly______ 26. O. stanlyi.
Stems ‘more slender and -weak——.-.<--.--.- 2... a ae 27. O. schottii.
Spines terete, elongate, and flexible, or the central ones somewhat flattened.
HlowersApinkish or -purplelos sree Set hee Be eee 28. O. vilis.
Flowers yellow.
Spines comparatively short, swollen at base_____-____ 29. O. bulbispina.
Spines long and flexible, not swollen at base______________ 30. O. grahamii.
VIII. PUMILAE.
Areoles (young ones) with only 1 to 3 spines________________ 31. O. pumila.
FATCOLES Willi <s) LOD (i SPDINOS = — anh a ene nen ee 32. O. pubescens.
IX. TUNAE.
Aseoles; surrounded. by- purplish spots___2 2 == ee 33. O. decumbens,
Areoles not surrounded by purplish spots___________________ 34. O. depressa.
X. BASILARES.
aGINtS NO LAMUDCSCOMbs a a ee eee ee eee 35. O. lubrica.
Joints usually manifestly pubescent
Spines none or few.
TO WTS TC es a hh eas ie eh a ak tt 36. O. basilaris.
Flowers yellow to orange.
Joints bright green.
Glochids, Jong 2: .tUtetel hase tas apn nsiquad 37. O. microdasys.
Glochids: .short.2=.. 2.2 > Sievert erie a oa 88. O. macrocalyx.
JointsMerayishs.creen een 1G oopetiit twa 2 iin’ aes 89. O. rufida.
Spines very numerous.
Areolesclose together.- 2... ee Rte Ja eas ee 40. 0. pycnantha.
Areoles distant: een 1a fa_) S188) sear oars Sere 41. O. comonduensis.
Jomts elongate... 2 I ee Ee ee ee ee 42. O. megarhiza.
Joints obovate to orbicular.
Mowers red orspurples. 2.254 es gil ee ee pee 43. O. pottsii.
Flowers yellow.
Areoles large; joints glaucous, purplish about areoles____44. 0. setispina.
Areoles small; joints green throughout_______-______- 45. O. tenuispina.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 869
XII. PHAEACANTHAKE.
Rlantsesmalleands creeping es oo) te a ee eS 53. O. rastrera.
Plants more or less bushy.
Joints thin; spines, when present, very long and confined to the upper and
middle areoles.
Spines) dark-brown} stout jn rigid 3 te! oe a 46. O. macrocentra.
Spines pale brown, flexible or subulate_______________ 47. O. gosseliniana.
Joints thick; spines not confined to the upper and middle areoles.
Joints relatively small, seldom over 15 cm. broad; plants relatively low.
Plants erect, 2 meters -high or less.——=———=.—-~-=_-___- 48. O. azurea.
Plants bushy, rarely over 1 meter high--________ 49. O. phaeacantha.
Joints relatively large, mostly over 15 cm. broad; plants relatively tall.
Spines clear brown nearly throughout-__-__--__-____ 50. O. occidentalis.
Spines nearly white above or throughout.
Spines with dark brown bases____------__--____ 51. O. engelmannii,
Spines whitish. -throughout=< =. ss ee 52. O. discata.
XIII. ELATIORES.
ASsinele, speciesiin Mexico. 22 =6 = ates eyech ode 54. O. fuliginosa.
INGSIN ELCHSDOCECIOS 52th lt fae erst eee Det. to nes En oh pa a ee 55. O. scheeri.
XV. DILLENIANAE.
Spines nearly setaceous, most of them refiexed____________ 56. O. chlorotica.
Spines, when present, acicular to subulate.
Spines mostly stout, commonly flattened___________.._-____ 57. O. dillenii.
Spines acicular to subulate, terete or slightly flattened at base.
Spines long.
ATEOIESHNOSELY. TV ontOne CM aan teas rk ee ee 58. O. tapona.
Areoles mostly 2.5 to 4 cm. apart.
Spines yellow or yellowish brown____--___---~~ 59. O. lindheimeri.
Spines pale yellow or whitish______________ 60. O. cantabrigiensis.
Spines 1.5 em. long or less, or becoming longer on old joints.
61. O. pyriformis.
XVI. MACDOUGALIANAE.
Joints merely finely puberulent or glabrous; spines 1.5 cm. long or less.
62. O. durangensis.
Joints distinctly pubescent; spines 2 to 3 cm. long.
Petals red.
style shorter than the) petale2== 2 =25, --=- 63. O. atropes.
Siylevas lons.as the: Petals 2 =. = eee ee ee eee 64. O. affinis.
Petals yellow,
Spines acicular, at first yellow, soon white______ 65. O. macdougaliana.
Spines subulate.
Petals retuse; areoles of ovary many, approximate_____ 66. O. velutina.
Petals mucronate; areoles of ovary few, distant______ 67. O. wilcoxii.
XVII. TOMENTOSAE.
SOMES HALLO WAY) ODOV tem ae ots ee et RO ere 68. O. tomentosa.
AOINCSBH LOA Hy sO DONATO Sree ce ee ee 69. O. guilanchi. ~
870 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
XVIII. LEUCOTRICHAE.
oA I Oost LEMS 0 8 Ch (2 SERN le eek a oa aR gs a Lihat aah art Bleed aati lar agtoa etl 70. O. leucotricha.
XIX. ORBICULATAE.
Hairs from the areoles of young plants long and white, long-peristent; plants
OT Ve Na a tah i ee EE EES MO TT ee 71. O. orbiculata.
Hairs from the areoles of young joints early deciduous; plants tall.
72. O. pilifera.
XX. FICUS-INDICAE.
Joints dull.
TOMES CHIN Up LO) OOVeMi ONG eset ate eee a een 73. O. ficus-indica.
TOMS etHiek, VO CM OMS TOL TESS sree tee een eee eee eee ee 74. O. crassa.
SMUT ES LOS Sy ee er ee ee ee ee 75. O. undulata.
XXII. STREPTACANTHAE.
Areoleselose*together; ‘Sunken 22242 24s 8 ite 76. O. spinulifera.
Areoles not close together, not sunken.
Spines! acieulars= 24. Bit Ph: Rw Ue Fel Ps 77. O. lasiacantha.
Spines subulate.
Areoles with 2 or more short reflexed hairs or bristles at the lower part
of the areole.
Spines strongly depressed; areoles with several hairs.
78. O. hyptiacantha.
Spines not strongly depressed; areoles with 1 or 2 hairs. .
Jointey obOvates= == \- 2 Fe Se ae oe 79. O. streptacantha.
JOMtS ODO gies ee Be ee 80. O. amyclaea.
Areoles without reflexed hairs or bristles__________ 81. O. megacantha.
XXII. ROBUSTAE.
Fruit deep red; 7 to-9°ent in’ diameter: = — 2) {2 22 24s See 82. O. robusta.
Fruit greenish white, 4 to 5 cm. in diameter______--______ 83. O. guerrana.
XXIII. STENOPETALAE.
Spinesedark=yplantsslow;, prostrate. ee ee 84. O. stenopetala.
Spines white; plants erect.
JOMUS aro wie spines ACleul arn se eee 85. O. glaucescens.
Joints/ibroadensaa spines (Stouter-_ > = ee eee 86. 0. grandis.
XXIV. CHAFFEYANAE.
PAIS TI SICS. (SD CCLOG se eee lee al haar econ soe pee ge eng ee 87. O. chaffeyi.
1. Opuntia mortolensis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 47. 1919.
Sonora; described from cultivated plants.
Slender, 60 ecm. high or less, dull green, the ultimate twigs short, sometimes
only 2 em. long, 4 to 5 mm. thick, scarcely tuberculate; young areoles with
numerous early deciduous weak white hairs and several brown glochids; are-
oles of old branches with solitary acicular spines 3 to 5 em. long, these with
tightly fitting brown sheaths.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 871
2. Opuntia leptocaulis DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828.
Opuntia ramulifera Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 360. 1834.
Opuntia gracilis Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 172. 1837.
Opuntia virgata Link & Otto; Férst. Handb. Cact. 506. 1846.
Opuntia vaginata Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 100. 1848.
Opuntia frutescens Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 208. 1850.
Widely distributed in Mexico, extending southward to Puebla. Also in the
southwestern United States.
Usually bushy, often compact, 2 meters high or less, but sometimes with a
short definite trunk 5 to 8 cm. in diameter, dull green with darker blotches
below the areoles, with slender, cylindric, ascending, hardly tuberculate
branches; branches, especially the fruiting ones, thickly set with short, usu-
ally spineless joints spreading nearly at right angles to the main branches,
very easily detached; spines usually solitary at young areoles, very slender,
white, at areoles of old branches 2 or 3 together, 2 to 5 cm. long or less: are-
oles with very short white wool; flowers greenish or yellowish, 1.5 to 2 em.
long (including the ovary); ovary obconic, bearing numerous small woolly
brown areoles subtended by small leaves, its glochids brown; fruit globular
to obovate or even clavate, often proliferous, red or rarely yellow, 10 to 18
mm. long, slightly fleshy. ‘‘ Tasajillo” (Durango, Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas,
Chihuahua, Texas, New Mexico).
The plant is abundant in many parts of northern Mexico and often forms
dense thickets. The long spines are very offensive, and often cause bad sores
when they penetrate the flesh.
Opuntia ramosissima Engelm.,’ a closely related species, common in south-
western Arizona, should be looked for in Sonora and Baja California.
Opuntia tesajo Engelm.’? was based on a Baja California specimen, but the
type has been lost, and the plant should perhaps be referred to O. leptocaulis.
3. Opuntia arbuscula Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 309. 1856.
Sonora. Southwestern United States; type from the lower Gila, near Mari-
copa Village.
Forming a bush 2 to 3 meters high, often with a rounded, very compact top
with numerous short branches; trunk short, 10 to 12 cm. in diameter, with
‘several woody branches; ultimate joints 5 to 7.5 em. long. 8 mm. in diameter,
with low indistinct tubercles; spines usually 1, but sometimes several, espe-
cially on old joints, porrect, up to 4 em. long, covered with loose straw-colored
sheaths; flowers greenish yellow tinged with red, 3.5 em. long; fruit often
proliferous, sometimes only one-seeded. :
4, Opuntia kleiniae DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828.
Opuntia wrightii Engelm. Proe. Amer. Acad. 8: 308. 1856.
Opuntia caerulescens Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 20: 86. 1909.
Central and northern Mexico. Southwestern United States.
Stems pale, glaucous, sometimes 2.5 meters tall, woody at base; tubercles
long; areoles large, a little longer than wide, filled with white wool from the
very first; spines usually 1, but sometimes more, from the base of the areole,
covered with yellow sheaths, on old joints accompanied by several bristle-like
spines from the lower margin of the areole; glochids yellow to brown; flowers
3 cm. long, purplish; petals broad, rounded at apex; fruit red, 2 to 2.5 long,
long persisting; seeds 4 to 5 mm. broad. “ Tasajillo” (Durango, Patoni).
* Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 339. 1852.
* Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 448. 1896.
872 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Opuntia recondita Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 131. 1913.
Type from La Perla, Mexico.
Shrub 1 to 1.5 meters high; joints 20 to 30 cm. long, very spiny, about 2 em.
in diameter, tuberculate; areoles broadly obovate, 5 to 6 mm. long, in age
larger and more prominent, forming new wool for several years; glochids yel-
low; spines at first 2 to 4, later 6 to 10, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, gray at base, deep:
reddish brown at tip, with a loose sheath; flowers bright purple, 2.5 em. broad 3.
fruit persistent, 3 to 3.5 em. long, greenish yellow, weakly tuberculate.
6. Opuntia thurberi Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 308. 1856.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Bacuachi, Sonora. Arizona.
Large bushy plants, 2 to 4 meters high; joints slender, elongate, 15 to 25 em.
long, 10 to 12 mm. in diameter; tubercles 1.5 to 2 em. long, flattened laterally;
spines 3 to 5, short (10 to 12 mm. long), spreading, covered with thin brown
papery sheaths, the lowest one stoutest; flowers 3.5 cm. broad, brownish; fruit
2 to 3 em. long, spineless; seeds nearly globular, 4 mm. in diameter. ‘Cholla ”
(Sinaloa).
7. Opuntia clavellina Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 444. 1896.
Central Baja California; type collected near Misi6én Purisima.
Plants 1 meter high, rather openly branched; ultimate joints slender, spread-
ing or ascending, somewhat clavate, 5 to 10 em. long, a little over 1 cm. in
diameter; tubercles prominent, elongate; spines 3 to 6 in a cluster, very
long, covered with loose, straw-colored or brown sheaths, the central one much
longer and porrect; flowers yellow; fruit clavate, short, tuberculate.
For an illustration of this species see Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 129, A.
8. Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 305. 1856.
Baja California. Southwestern United States; type from the Colorado Val-
ley near the mouth of the Bill Williams River.
Plants usually low, but sometimes 1.5 meters high, much branched and
widely spreading, with a short woody trunk 2 to 3 em. in diameter, in age
with nearly smooth bark; joints short, turgid, strongly tuberculate; spines
numerous, when young bright yellow, when older brownish or in age grayish,
unequally covered with thin papery sheaths; flowers yellowish, but the sepals:
often tipped with red; ovary short, turbinate, densely spiny, especially in the
upper part; fruit dry, very spiny; seeds somewhat angular, 4 mm. broad.
Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & Bigel.,. a somewhat smaller species, has-
been reported from Mexico, but we have seen no specimens.
9. Opuntia serpentina Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. IT. 14: 338. 1852.
Northern Baja California. Southern California, the type from San Diego.
Ascending, erect, or prostrate; branches slender, 2 to 2.5 em. in diameter,.
bluish green, strongly tuberculate; tubercles elevated, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, longer
than broad, flattened; spines 7 to 20, brown, covered with yellowish brown,
papery sheaths about 1 em. long; glochids light brown; flowers close together
at the top of short branches, about 4 em. broad, greenish yellow, the outer petals
tinged with red; ovary strongly tuberculate, spiny, with a depressed umbilicus;
fruit dry, very spiny.
10. Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 307. 1856.
Northern Sonora and northern Baja California. Southwestern United States ;
type from the region of Bill Williams River.
Usually with a central erect trunk, 1 meter high or less, with short lateral
branches, the upper ones erect; joints usually 5 to 15 cm. long, very turgid,
1 Proce. Amer. Acad. 3: 308. 1856.
STANDLEY-—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 873
with. closely set areoles and almost impenetrable armament; tubercles slightly
elevated, pale green, somewhat 4-sided, about as long as broad, 1 cm. broad
or less; spines, as well as their papery sheaths, pale yellow; flowers several,
borne at the tips of the branches, 4 cm. long (including the ovary) ; sepals
orbicular, about 1 cm. in diameter, tinged with red; petals 1.5 cm. long, pale
magenta to crimson; ovary 2 em. long, its large areoles bearing brown wool
and several acicular spines; fruit usually naked, strongly tuberculate, the
upper tubercles larger than the lower.
For an illustration of this species see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 128, B.
11. Opuntia ciribe Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 445. 1896.
Central Baja California.
One meter high or less, with numerous stout branches, densely armed;
ultimate joints 4 to 5 cm. in diameter, strongly and regularly tuberculate,
3 cm. in diameter; tubercles about as long as broad (5 to 7 em. broad) ; larger
spines 4 to 6, stout, 2 to 3 em. long, covered with loose yellow sheaths, ac-
companied by several bristle-like spines or hairs; glochids numerous; flowers
yellow; ovary somewhat bristly; fruit strongly tuberculate, 3 to 4 cm. long,
spineless.
12. Opuntia cholla Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 320. 1895.
Widely distributed in Baja California.
Usually treelike, 1 to 3 meters high, with a definite trunk 7 to 15 cm. in
diameter; trunk very spiny at first and becoming more spiny each year for
some time, but in age spineless and developing a smooth, brownish yellow
bark; top of plant often dense and broad; joints often in whorls, horizontal,
' pale, with large compressed tubercles; spines usually numerous, more or less
porrect, covered with loose brownish sheaths; glochids numerous, yellow;
flowers rather small, 3 cm. broad, deep purple; fruit often 4 to 5 em. long,
usually proliferous, often in long chains of 8 to 12 individuals or forming
compound clusters; seedS numerous, very small, often abortive. ‘Cholla.’
In this as in some other species the fruits are proliferous, hanging on for
a few years and usually remaining green. They are, however, easily detached,
and on falling to the ground take root and form new colonies. For an illus-
tration of O. cholla see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 128, A.
18. Opuntia calmalliana Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 453. 1896.
Baja California, the type from Calmallf.
Habit and height unknown; joints cylindric, 1 to 2 cm. in diameter, glau-
cous, with linear-oblong crested (mostly distinct) tubercles 20 to 25 mm. long;
pulvini densely covered with yellowish wool, and with a penicillate tuft of
whitish bristles at upper edge; spines usually 4, the upper one stout and por-
rect, reddish with yellowish tip, 2 to 2.5 em. long (occasionally 1 to 2 short
upper ones added), the usually 3 (sometimes 4) lower ones more slender and
sharply deflexed, 1 to 1.5 em. long (occasionally one of them longer) ; flowers
apparently purple; ovary covered with very prominent woolly pulvini, ripen-
ing into a smooth juicy obovate fruit; seeds discoid and beaked, irregularly
angular, with broad commissure, about 4 mm. broad.
14, Opuntia versicolor Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 3: 452. 1896.
Sonora. Arizona, the type from Tucson.
Bushy or treelike, 2 to 4 meters high, with a large open top sometimes 5
meters broad; trunk and larger stems woody throughout; terminal joints 10
to 20 em. long, 2.5 em. in diameter, variously colored, not strongly tuberculate
when living; tubercles 1.5 cm. long; spines 5 to 11, 5 to 25 mm. long, dark-
colored, with close-fitting sheaths; glochids reddish brown; flowers variously
874 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
colored, yellow, greenish, reddish, or brown, 3 to 5.5 cm. broad; ovary tuber-
culate, with large areoles bearing wool, glochids, and long deciduous bristles ;
fruit persisting for months, sometimes for a year, 2.5 to 4 em. long, at first
somewhat tuberculate, becoming pear-shaped or globose, sometimes proliferous ;
seeds white, 5 mm. broad.
The fruit of this species was eaten by the Pima Indians of Arizona, either
raw or prepared like that of O. imbricata.
15. Opuntia lloydii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 292. 1909.
Central Mexico; type from Hacienda de Cedros, Zacatecas.
Much branched, 2 to 3 meters high and nearly as broad; joints terete, 2 cm.
in diameter; tubercles prominent, oblong; spines few, on last year’s joints 3,
reddish, 1.5 em. long; flowers 3 em. long, opening after midday; petals 15 mm.
long, dull purple; filaments olive-green below, purplish above; style rose-
colored; ovary yellowish, strongly tuberculate, naked; fruit 3 cm. long, yellow
to orange, slightly tuberculate.
16. Opuntia imbricata (Haw.) DC. Prodr. 3: 471. 1828.
Cereus imbricatus Haw. Rev. Pl. Succ. 70. 1828.
Opuntia rosea DC. Prodr. 3: 471. 1828.
Opuntia decipiens DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828.
Opuntia exuviata DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828.
Opuntia arborescens Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 90. 1848.
Opuntia magna Griffiths, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 23. 1914.
Opuntia spinotecta Griffiths, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 24. 1914.
Central and northern Mexico. Southwestern United States.
Treelike, often 3 meters high or larger, with a more or less definite woody ©
trunk 25 cm. in diameter; ultimate joints 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, strongly
tuberculate; tubercles 2 to 2.5 em. long, flattened laterally; spines 8 to 30,
2 to 3 cm. long, brown, covered with papery sheaths; flowers borne at ends
of branches, 4 to 6 em. long, sometimes 8 to 9 em. broad, purple; ovary
tuberculate, bearing a few bristles from some of the upper areoles; fruit
naked, yellow, 2.5 to 3 em. long, strongly tuberculate or, when long persistent,
smooth; seeds 2.5 to 3.5 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Xoconochtli” (Herndndez) ;
“xoconostle,” ‘joconoxtle” (Jalisco); ‘“ joconostle” (Zacatecas); “ car-
denche” (Durango, Zacatecas) ; ‘‘ tasajo”’ (Chihuahua) ; “ coyonostle’’ (Nuevo
Leon, Coahuila); ‘ coyonoxtle” (Ochoterena) ; “‘ coyonostli’” (Nuevo Leén) ;
“tuna joconoxtia” (Jalisco); “tuna huell” (Griffiths); “velas de coyote,”
“entrana’’ (New Mexico).
In many parts of its range this is an abundant and characteristic plant-
often forming extensive thickets. In early times a decoction of the fruit was
used to set cochineal dye, and it is said to be so employed even at the present
time. The stems contain a hard woody framework resembling a network after
the soft tissue has been removed, and they are often made into canes. Among
the Penitentes, a religious organization of the Southwest, it was formerly
the custom, among other similar practices, during Holy Week to march in
processions with large bundles of the very spiny stems bound upon their
naked backs.
The Pimas of Arizona formerly consumed quantities of the hard fruits of 2
related species. These were cooked over night in pits filled with heated stones,
then dried in the sun, after which the spines were removed, and the fruit stored
for later use. Thus prepared, the fruit was boiled and salted and eaten with
pinole, or it was cooked with meat or various herbs.
Opuntia cardenche Griffiths? is perhaps a synonym of this species, or possibly
referable to O. kleiniae.
*Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 259. pl. 21. 1908.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 875
17. Opuntia tunicata (Lehm.) Link & Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 170. 1837.
Cactus tunicatus Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 6. 1827.
Opuntia stapeliae DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828.
Opuntia perrita Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 33. 1912.
Widely distributed in Central Mexico. Ecuador, Peru, and Chile.
Very variable, sometimes low and spreading from the base and form-
ing broad clumps, at other times 50 to 60 cm. high, with a more or less
definite woody stem and numerous lateral branches; joints easily detached,
sometimes short and nearly globular to narrowly oblong, 10 to 15 em. long;
spines reddish, normally 6 to 10, 4 to 5 cm. long, covered: with thin white
papery sheaths; flowers 3 cm. long, yellow; petals obtuse; ovary often bear-
ing long spines at the areoles, but usually naked. ‘‘ Abrojo” (Mexico) ;
“ clavellina ” (Durango) ; “ tencholote” (Ochoterena).
18. Opuntia pallida Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50: 507. 1908.
Hildalgo; type from Tula.
Stems 5 em. in diameter, about 1 meter high, with widely spreading
branches, the whole plant often broader than high; old areoles very spiny,
often bearing 20 spines or more, often 3 to 4 cm. long, with white papery
sheaths; young areoles bearing few spines; ovary tuberculate, the areoles
either naked or bearing a few bristly spines; flowers pale rose-colored ;
petals 15 mm. long.
19. Opuntia molesta T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 164. 1889.
Baja California, the type from San Ignacio.
Stems 1 to 2 meters high, with few long spreading branches; joints clavate
to subcylindric, 10 to 40 cm. long, sometimes as much as 4 cm. in diameter
at the top, pale green, with low broad tubercles, these elongate and often
4 em. long or more; spines 6 to 10, unequal, the longest 2.5 to 5 cm. long.
straw-colored, with loose papery sheaths; flowers purple, 5 cm. in diameter ;
fruit ovoid, 2.5 em. long, somewhat spiny or naked; seeds 6 mm. in di-
ameter, irregular in shape.
20. Opuntia fulgida Hngelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 306. 1856.
Opuntia mamillata Schott; Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 308. 1856.
Sinaloa and Sonora; type from western Sonora. Arizona.
Plants sometimes 3 meters high or even larger, with a rather definite woody
trunk 10 to 20 em. in diameter, much branched, sometimes almost from the base
and forming a compact flattened crown; terminal joints 10 to 20 cm. long,
3 to 5 em. in diameter, very succulent, strongly tuberculate, easily breaking
off ; spines 2 to 12, yellowish to brown, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, acicular, covered with
loose papery sheaths; glochids small, whitish to light yellow; flowers light
rose, 2.5 to 3 em. broad; fruit at first tuberculate, in age smooth, somewhat
pear-shaped, 2 to 5 em. long, green, usually very proliferous; seeds rather small,
4 mm. broad, often wanting. ‘‘ Velas de coyote” (Coulter).
21. Opuntia spinosior (Engelm.) Toumey, Bot. Gaz. 25: 119. 1898.
Opuntia whipplei spinosior Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 307. 1856.
Sonora. New Mexico and Arizona.
Plants 2 to 4 meters high, treelike, with a more or less definite woody trunk.
openly branched; ultimate joints 10 to 30 cm. long, 1.5 to 2.5 em. in diameter,
often bright purple, strongly tuberculate; tubercles about 6 to 12 mm. long,
longer than broad, more or less flattened laterally; spines 6 to 12, but on old
branches sometimes as many as 25, 10 to 15 mm. long, divergent, gray to brown-
ish, covered with thin sheaths; glochids yellowish white: flowers 5 to 6 cm.
876 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
broad, purple to pink, yellow, or even white; petals about 10, broad at apex,
narrowed at base; ovary tuberculate, bearing small purple leaves and long,
white, easily detached bristles; fruit strongly tuberculate, spineless, yellow, glo-
bose to broadly oblong, 2.5 to 4 em. long, with a depressed umbilicus; seeds
white, 4 mm. broad, smooth, with a very indistinct marginal band.
22. Opuntia prolifera Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 338. 1852.
Widely distributed in Baja California. Southern California, the type from
San Diego.
Stems 1 to 2 meters high, the trunk and old branches terete and woody;
terminal joints 3 to 12 cm. long, easily breaking off, fleshy, covered with short,
more or less turgid tubercles; spines 6 to 12, brown, 10 to 12 mm. long; glochids
pale; flowers small; sepals orbicular, obtuse, dark red; petals red; ovary 1
em. long, strongly tuberculate, the upper areoles bearing 2 to 6 reddish spines,
or the joints naked throughout; fruit proliferous, 3 to 3.5 em. long, often with-
out seeds.
23. Opuntia aleahes Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 321. 1895.
Baja California.
Plants about 1 meter high, much branched, very spiny, especially when old;
branches terete; spines on young joints about 12, short, covered with white or
very pale sheaths; tubercles prominent, diamond-shaped ; sepals small, brownish,
closely imbricate, hardly spreading at tips; petals sometimes wanting, if
present about 1 ecm. long, greenish yellow, obtuse; fruit globular, small, be-
coming turgid in age, yellowish, more or less proliferous, the umbilicus trun-
cate or slightly depressed.
24. Opuntia burrageana Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 70. 1919.
Baja California, the type from Pichilinque Island.
Usually low and bushy, rarely 1 meter high; stems slender, 1 to 2 ecm. in
diameter, densely spiny; young joints cylindric to narrow-clavate, 15 cm. long
or less; areoles closely set; tubercles rather low, not much broader than long;
spines numerous, similar, spreading, rarely 2 cm. long, all covered with thin,
bright yellow sheaths; wool in areoles short, brown; glochids, when present,
short, light yellow; flower 3 to 4 em. broad; petals few, brownish red with
green base; ovary very spiny; fruit not proliferous, globular, 2 cm. in di-
ameter, somewhat tuberculate, probably dry; seeds pale, 4 mm. in diameter.
25. Opuntia invicta T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 163. 1889.
Central Baja California; type from San Juanico.
Plants usually growing in large clusters 2 meters in diameter and 20 to 50
em. high, with many ascending or spreading branches; joints obovoid to
clavate, dark green, 8 to 10 cm. long, strongly tuberculate; tubercles large,
flattened laterally, 3 to 4 cm. long; areoles large, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter;
spines very formidable. when young reddish or purple with carmine-red
bases, chestnut-brown at tips and grayish between, in age dull; radial spines
6 to 10; central spines 10 to 12, much stouter than the radials, strongly
flattened, the wool white; glochids few, white, 2 to 4 mm. long; flowers
yellow, 5 cm. in diameter; sepals ovate, acuminate; ovary 2 em. in di-
ameter, almost hidden by the numerous reddish acicular spines; seeds yel-
lowish, 2 mm. broad.
26. Opuntia stanlyi Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 158. 1848.
Opuntia emoryi Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 303. 1856.
Opuntia kunzei Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50: 505. 1908.
Northern Sonora. Arizona and New Mexico.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 877
Stems low, usually less than 30 cm. high, much branched, creeping, form-
ing broad impenetrable masses 2 to 3 meters in diameter; joints 10 to 15
em. long, clavate, more or less curved, strongly tuberculate; tubercles 3
to 4 cm. long, flattened laterally, 4 to 6 cm. apart; spines numerous, stout,
elongate, somewhat roughened, reddish brown, the larger ones strongly flat-
tened, 3.5 to 6 cm. long; flowers yellow, 5 to 6 cm. broad; fruit ovate,
clavate at base, yellow, 5 to 6 cm. long, very spiny, with a depressed um:
bilicus; seeds flattened, 4.5 to 6.5 mm. in diameter.
27. Opuntia schottii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 304. 1856.
Northern Mexico. Texas.
Prostrate, rooting from the areoles, forming dense clusters sometimes 2
or 3 meters in diameter; joints clavate, curved, ascending, easily breaking
off, 6 to 7 cm. long, 2 cm. in diameter at thickest part, strongly tuberculate;
areoles 1 to 1.5 cm. apart; spines white and sheathed when young, soon
brown, the larger ones sometimes aS many as 12, very slender, sometimes
6 cm. long, somewhat flattened; wool white when young, turning brown;
glochids white when young, turning brown, 4 mm. long or less; flowers
yellow, 4 cm. long (including ovary); sepals narrow, acuminate; petals
acuminate; fruit yellow, narrowly oblong, a little narrowed at base, 4 cm.
long, closely set with areoles bearing numerous short spines, bristles, and
white wool, the umbilicus depressed ; seeds yellow, flattened, 4 mm. in diameter,
notched at base.
28. Opuntia vilis Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 293. 1909.
Zacatecas.
Low, creeping, often forming mats several meters in diameter and only 10 to
15 em. high; joints prostrate, becoming erect or ascending, the ultimate verti-
eal ones clavate, 5 cm. long, the others 2 to 4 cm. long, very turgid, pale green,
with low tubercles; young areoles bearing white wool; radial spines upward
of 12, the number increasing with age by the addition of very small whitish
ones; central spines on prostrate joints 4, reddish, white-tipped, 1 to 4 cm.
long, terete, slightly scabrous, with a sheath 5 mm. long, those of clavate joints
white, reddish on the upper surface at base; flower 4 cm. long; petals brilliant
purplish, 2 cm. long; fruit pale green, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter, 2.5 to 3 cm.
long, tuberculate, especially about the margin of the umbilicus, spiny, some-
what dry, with large white seeds.
£9. Opuntia bulbispina Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 304. 1856.
Coahuila and Durango; type from Perros Bravos, north of Saltillo.
Stems low, forming wide-spreading clumps 0.6 to 1.2 meters broad; joints
cevoid, 2 to 2.5 em. long, 10 to 12 mm. in diameter; tubercles prominent, 6 to 8
mm, long; radial spines 8 to 12, acicular, 3 to 6 mm. long; central spines 4,
much stouter than the radials, 8 to 12 mm. long, bulbose at base; flower and
fruit unknown.
30. Opuntia grahamii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 304. 1856.
Chihuahua. Texas and New Mexico; type from El Paso.
Roots at first thick and fleshy, becoming woody, 2 cm. thick or more; plants
low, much branched, spreading, forming low mounds often half buried in sand,
sometimes giving off roots at the areoles; terminal joints erect, clavate, bright
green, 3 to 5 cm. long, with large oblong tubercles; areoles about 3 mm. broad;
wool white; spines 8 to 15, slender, slightly scabrous, terete or some of the
larger ones slightly compressed, white when young, soon reddish, the longest 3.5
79688—24——-3
878 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
to 6 em. long; glochids numerous, slender, 4 mm. long or less, white, turning
brown, persistent on the old stems; flowers yellow, 5 cm. broad; fruit
oblong to ovoid, 3 to 4.5 em. long, its numerous areoles bearing white glochids
and some slender spines; seeds beakless, 5 to 5.5 mm. in diameter.
31. Opuntia pumila Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 521. 1908.
Central and southern Mexico; type from Oaxaca.
Stems low, very much branched, the joints readily falling off when touched,
6 to 20 em. long, velvety-pubescent, terete or sometimes slightly flattened, tur-
gid, bearing more or less prominent tubercles; areoles small, those of old stems
bearing several slender spines, the longer ones 3 em. long; areoles of young
joints usually bearing 2 yellowish spines; ovary pubescent, with few spines or
none; petals yellow, tinged with red, 15 mm. long; fruit globular, red, 15 mm.
long. “Cardo,” ‘“nopal cardoso” (Oaxaca, Reko); ‘“ vixivixio” (Zapotec,
Reko).
82. Opuntia pubescens Wendl.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 149. 18387.
Opuntia angusta Meinsh. Wochenschr. Girtn. Pflanz. 1: 30. 1858.
Opuntia leptarthra Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 395. 1904.
Widely distributed in Mexico. Guatemala.
Plants small, usually low, sometimes 40 cm. high, much branched; joints
easily becoming detached, nearly terete, glabrous or pubescent, 3 to 7 cm.
long; spines numerous, short, brownish; flowers lemon-yellow but drying red;
fruit 2 to 2.5 em. long, red, a little spiny, with depressed umbilicus; seeds 3
mm. in diameter.
33. Opuntia decumbens Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 361. 1834.
Opuntia puberula Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 156. 1837.
Southern Mexico. Guatemala.
Stems low, often creeping or trailing, rarely over 40 cm. high; joints 10 to
20 em. long, oval to oblong, covered with a short soft pubescence; areoles usu-
ally small, surrounded by a purple blotch, bearing yellow glochids and wool,
the wool cobweb-like on very young joints; spines often wanting, usually soli-
tary but sometimes numerous, slender or rather stout, 4 cm. long, yellow;
flowers numerous, small, including the ovary about 4 cm. long; petals dark
yellow; fruit deep purple, very juicy; seeds about 4 mm. broad.
34, Opuntia depressa Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50: 517. 1908.
Southern Mexico; type from Tehuacéin.
Low, creeping or spreading plant, sometimes 60 cm. high and forming a
patch 3 to 4 meters in diameter; joints dark glossy yellowish green, pubescent
when young, obovate, 20 cm. long, usually with 1 long, somewhat curved spine
at each areole, sometimes with 1 to 3 shorter ones, all yellowish; old joints
oblong, 30 cm. long, bearing 4 to 6 spines at each areole; flowers red; fruit
small, globular, with large clusters of brown glochids, when immature with
a broad deep umbilicus.
85. Opuntia lubrica Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21: 169. 1910.
Type from Alonzo.
Plants low, ascending-spreading, frequently 45 cm. high; joints subcircular
to obovate, 15 to 20 em. long, glossy, bright green, papillate but scarcely
pubescent; areoles 15 to 22 mm. apart, 4 to 6 mm. in diameter; spines very
variable, nearly absent or abundant, usually 1 to 3, mostly about 12 mm.
long but sometimes 2.5 cm., yellowish, sometimes darker at base; fruit light
red, acid; seeds thin-shelled, about 3 mm. in diameter.
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 879
36. Opuntia basilaris Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 298. 1856.
Northern Sonora. Southwestern United States.
Stems low, growing in clumps, either prostrate or erect, sometimes 1.2 meters
high; joints broadly obovate, § to 20 cm. long, slightly pubescent or glabrous,
usually highly colored; areoles numerous, filled with white to brown wool
and brownish glochids; spines none or rarely a few at upper areoles; flowers
6 to § em. long, deep purple or sometimes white; fruit dry, globular to obovoid;
seeds thick, 6 to 10 mm. broad.
The young fruit was eaten by the Coahuilla Indians of California after
having been cooked for about 12 hours in a pit. lined with hot stones. The
Panamint Indians gathered the young joints in May and June, brushed off
the spines with bunches of grass, and dried them in the sun. The dried joints
were later boiled with salt and eaten. The tender joints were also cooked in
pits lined with stones, and were eaten immediately or dried and stored for use
in winter.
37. Opuntia microdasys (Lehm.) Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 154. 1837.
Cactus microdasys Lehm. Ind. Sem. Hamb. 16. 1827.
Opuntia pulvinata DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat..17: 119. 1828.
Northern Mexico.
Often low and creeping but sometimes nearly erect and 40 to 60 cm. high;
joints oblong to orbicular, 10 to 15 cm. long, soft-velvety, usually pale green,
spineless; areoles conspicuous, closely set, filled with numerous yellow or
brown glochids; flowers usually produced in abundance, 4 to 5 cm. long, pure
yellow, or tinged with red; petals broad, retuse; fruit dark red, juicy, nearly
globular; seeds 2 to 3 mm. broad. “Cegador” (Zacatecas) ; “nopal cegador”
(Durango) ; “nopalillo cegador’”’’ (Nuevo Leén).
The name “cegador” (‘blinding’) is given because of the fact that the very
numerous glochids get into the eyes of pasturing animals and sometimes cause
blindness.
88. Opuntia macrocalyx Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 268. 1908.
Described from cultivated plants; perhaps in Coahuila.
Plants ascending or erect, about 1 meter high; joints long-obovate, com-
monly about 22 cm. long, gray-green, pubescent ; areoles 2 to 3 mm. in diameter,
1 em. apart; wool tawny; glochids reddish brown, 1 mm. long; spines none;
flowers yellow; fruit red, the pulp greenish, long-obovoid to cylindric, about
7 em. long; seeds few, 3 mm. in diameter.
89. Opuntia rufida Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 298. 1856.
Northern Mexico. Texas.
More or less erect, 20 to 150 cm. high, with a somewhat definite trunk;
joints nearly orbicular, 6 to 25 cm. in diameter, thickish, velvety-tomentose,
dull grayish green; areoles large, filled with numerous brown glochids;
flowers yellow to orange, 4 to 5 em. long (including the ovary); petals
obovate, 2 to 2.5 em. long; ovary globular, 1.5 cm. in diameter, umbilicate,
with large areoles; fruit bright red. ‘“ Nopal cegador” (Ochoterena).
40. Opuntia pycnantha Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 423. 1896.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Often low and creeping but sometimes forming a clump 20 ecm. high;
joints oblong to orbicular, often 20 cm. long, puberulent or papillose, usually
nearly hidden by the thick mass of spines; areoles large and closely set,
the upper part filled with yellow or brown glochids and the lower part with
8 to 12 yellow or brown, reflexed spines 2 to 3 cm. long; fruit 4 em. long,
very spiny; seeds 2 cm. broad, very thick.
880 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
41. Opuntia comonduensis (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50:
519. 1908.
Opuntia angustata comonduensis Coulter, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 3: 425. 1896.
Baja California; type from Comondt.
Low spreading plants, sometimes 20 cm. high and forming broad clumps;
joints obovate to orbicular, 12 to 15 cm. long, softly pubescent; areoles large,
filled with brown wool and yellow glochids; lower areoles spineless, the
upper ones bearing 1 or 2, rarely 3, or on old stems as many as 10, slender
spines, 3 to 5 cm. long or longer, yellow; flowers (including ovary) 6 cm.
long, yellow; fruit purple, 4 cm. long, spineless; seeds 4 to 4.5 mm. broad,
thick.
42. Opuntia megarhiza Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 126. 1906.
San Luis Potosi; type from Alvarez.
Roots long and thickened, sometimes 30 to 60 cm. long and 5 to 6 em. in
diameter; stems 20 to 30 cm. high, much branched; lower joints elongate, 20
to 30 cm. long, cuneate below, thin, 3 cm. broad; lateral joints appearing along
the margins of the older joints and often, if not always, in the same plane;
spines 2 to 4, acicular, 1 to 2.5 em. long, brown; flowers lemon-yellow, often
tinged with rose, 5 cm. broad; petals about 13, obovate, mucronately tipped;
ovary clavate, 3 cm. long.
Palmer reports that the fleshy roots are applied as poultices for the re-
duction of fractures and inflammation.
43. Opuntia pottsii Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 236. 1850.
Chihuahua. Texas and New Mexico.
Low spreading plant, 30 cm. high or less, from thickened tuberous roots 2
to 3 em. in diameter, these sometimes moniliform; joints broadly obovate, 3.5
to 12 em. long, pale green to bluish; areoles few, either small or large; spines
confined to the upper and marginal areoles, 1 or 2, slender, 2 to 4 em. long,
usually white but sometimes purplish; glochids yellow, usually few but some-
times abundant; flowers 6 to 7 cm. broad, deep purple; ovary slender, 3 to
3.5 cm. long, with only a few scattered areoles; fruit spineless.
44, Opuntia setispina Engelm.; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 239. 1850.
Chihuahua; type from mountains west of Chihuahua.
Stems branching and spreading, sometimes forming clumps a meter broad,
erect and 60 em. high; joints deep bluish green, somewhat glaucous, often
purplish at the areoles, obovate to orbicular, 5 to 15 em. in diameter; spines
i to 6 from an areole, white, 2 to 3 em. long; glochids yellow, very conspicuous
on old joints; flowers yellow; fruit purplish, about 4 cm. long.
45. Opuntia tenuispina Engelm. Proc. Amer. 3: 294. 1856.
Opuntia minor C. Muell. Ann. Bot. Syst. Walp. 5: 50. 1858.
Northern Mexico. Western Texas to Arizona; type from Hl Paso.
Low and spreading but becoming 30 cm. high; joints obovate, attenuate at
base, 7 to 15 em. long, light green; spines 1 to 3 from an areole, slender, usu-
ally white but sometimes brownish, 3 to 5 em. long, the upper spines erect or
spreading; glochids brown; flowers yellow, 6 to 7.5 cm. broad; ovary with
numerous areoles filled with brown wool and brown glochids; fruit oblong,
2.5 to 4 em. long; seeds 4 mm. broad or less, very irregular.
46. Opuntia macrocentra Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 292. 1856.
Chihuahua. Arizona to western Texas.
Somewhat bushy, with ascending branches, 60 to 90 cm. high; joints orbicular
to oblong, or sometimes broader than long, 10 to 20 cm. long, often bluish or
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 881
purplish, sometimes spineless but usually bearing spines at the uppermost
areoles; spines 1 or 2, rarely 3, usually brownish or black but sometimes white
above, slender, erect or porrect, 4 to 7 cm. long; flowers yellow, often drying
red, 7.5 cm. broad; sepals ovate, acuminate; ovary with few areoles, these
bearing brown glochids; fruit 3 to 6 em. long, purple; seeds 4 to 4.5 mm. broad.
47, Opuntia gosseliniana Weber, Bull. Soc. Acclim. France 49: 83. 1902.
Sonora and Baja California.
One meter high or more, branching from the base, the old trunk often bear-
ing numerous long acicular spines; joints mostly red or purplish, usually very
thin, as broad as long or broader, sometimes 20 cm. broad; lower and sometimes
ail the areoles without spines; spines porrect or nearly so, generally 1, some-
times 2, rarely 3 from an areole, 4 to 5 or even 10 cm. long, brown, usually
weak; glochids brown, numerous, forming on old joints very large clusters;
fruit 4 cm. long, without spines but bearing numerous brown glochids at the
areoles, with a depressed umbilicus.
48. Opuntia azurea Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 291. 1909.
Zacatecas and probably Durango.
Compact, upright with a single trunk or branching from the base and more
or less spreading; joints orbicular to obovate, 10 to 15 cm. in diameter, pale
bluish green, glaucous; areoles about 2 cm. apart, the lower ones spineless,
the upper ones with 1 to 8 rather stout spines; spines, at least when old,
almost black, unequal, the longer ones 2 to 8 cm. long, more or less reflexed;
glochids numerous, brown; petals 3 cm. long, deep yellow, with crimson claw,
but in age pink throughout; fruit dull crimson, subglobose to ovoid, spineless,
truncate, juicy, edible. ‘‘ Coyotillo,” ‘“ nopalillo,” ‘“nopal coyotillo” (Patoni).
49. Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. in A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. 4: 52. 1849.
Opuntia chihuahuensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 291. 1909.
Chihuahua. Arizona to western Texas; type from Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Low, usually prostrate, with some branches ascending; joints usually longer
than broad, 10 to 15 ecm. long; areoles rather remote, the lower ones often
spineless; spines 1 to 4, those on the sides of the joints more or less reflexed,
somewhat flattened, usually rather stout, brown, sometimes darker at base,
often nearly white throughout, the longer ones 5 to 6 em. long; glochids
numerous, yellow to brown; flowers 5 cm. broad, yellow; ovary short; fruit
3 to 3.5 em. long, much contracted at base.
50. Opuntia occidentalis Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 291. 1856.
Northern Baja California and on the adjacent islands. Southern California.
Erect or spreading, often 1 meter high or more, forming large thickets; joints
obovate to oblong, 20 to 30 cm. long; areoles remote; spines 2 to 7, stout, un-
equal, the longest 4 to 5 cm. long, more or less flattened, brown or nearly white,
sometimes wanting; shorter spines often white; glochids often prominent,
brown; flowers yellow, often 10 to 11 cm. long; fruit large, purple.
51. Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck; Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 207.
1850.
Chihuahua, Durango, and Sonora; type from Chihuahua. Texas to Arizona.
Originally described as erect and up to 2 meters high but more properly a
widely spreading bush, usually without a definite trunk; joints oblong to orbic-
ular, 20 to 30 cm. long, thick, pale green; areoles distant, becoming large and
bulging; spines usually more or less white, with dark red or brownish bases
2nd sometimes with black tips, usually 3 or 4, sometimes only 1, or entirely
wanting from the lower areoles, but on old joints 10 or more, usually somewhat
882 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
porrect or a little spreading, but never reflexed, the larger ones much flattened,
the longest 5 em. long; glochids numerous, brown with yellowish tips; flowers
large, yellow; fruit 3.5 to 4 cm. long, red; seeds 3 to 4 mm. broad.
52. Opuntia discata Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 266. 1908.
Northern Sonora. Arizona, the type from the Santa Rita Mountains.
Plants bushy, spreading, sometimes 1.5 meters high; joints thick, orbicular
to broadly obovate, 25 cm. in diameter or less, pale bluish green, somewhat
glaucous; areoles rather few, distant, in age becoming very large, filled with
short brown wool; spines usually 2 to 4, sometimes 7 or more in old areoles, 2
cm. long or more, grayish with dark bases, somewhat flattened; flowers 9 to 10
em. broad, light yellow, darker near the center; fruit magenta, pyriform, 6
to 7 em. long.
53. Opuntia rastrera Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 896. 1898.
2?0puntia lucens Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 269. 1908.
San Luis Potosi.
Creeping plant; joints circular to obovate, the largest 20 cm. in diameter ;
spines white, several from an areole, the longest 4 em. long; glochids yellow;
flowers yellow; fruit purple, acid, oboyoid. ‘‘ Cuija.”
54. Opuntia fuliginosa Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 262. 1908.
Jalisco; type from Guadalajara.
_ Tall, treelike, 4 meters high or more, much branched; joints orbicular to
oblong, 30 em. long or less, shining; areoles distant; spines few, rarely as
many as 6, dull brown or horn-colored, the longest 4 cm. long, slightly twisted ;
glochids yellow to brown; flowers at first yellow but in age red, 5 to 6 cm.
long (including the ovary) ; fruit pyriform to short-oblong, 3 to 4 em. long, red;
seeds 5 mm. broad.
55. Opuntia scheeri Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 895. 1898.
Mexico.
About 1 meter high, branching at base, the lower branches sprawling over
the ground; joints oblong to orbicular, 15 to 30 cm. long, bluish green; areoles
circular, elevated, filled with short brown wool; spines 10 to 12, yellow,
acicular, each surrounded by a row of long, white or yellow hairs; flowers
large, pale yellow, in age salmon-colored; fruit globular, red, juicy, truncate;
seeds 4 mm. broad, with a broad irregular margin.
56. Opuntia chlorotica Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 291. 1856.
Sonora and Baja California. New Mexico to California.
Erect-bushy, sometimes 2 meters high or more, with a definite trunk;
main branches nearly erect; joints ovate to orbicular, sometimes broader
than long, 15 to 20 em. long, more or less glaucous, bluish green; areoles
closely set, prominent; spines yellow, several, most of them usually appressed
and reflexed, setaceous, 3 to 4 em. long; glochids yellow, numerous, elongate,
persistent; flowers yellow, 6 to 7.5 cm. broad; fruit purple without, green
within, 4 cm. long; seeds small.
57. Opuntia dillenii (Gawler) Haw. Suppl. Pl. Suce. 79. 1819.
Cactus dillenii Gawler in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 3: pl. 255. 1818.
Eastern coast of Mexico. West Indies and southeastern United States.
Low spreading bushes growing in broad clumps and often forming dense
thickets, or tall and much branched, 2 to 3 meters high, sometimes with definite
terete trunks; joints obovate to oblong, 7 to 40 cm. long, bluish green, some-
what glaucous, but bright green when young, the areoles somewhat elevated ;
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 8838
areoles often large, filled with short brown or white wool when young,
usually few and remote, on old joints 10 to 12 mm. in diameter; spines
often 10 from an areole on first-year joints, very variable, usually more
or less flattened and curved, sometimes terete and straight, yellow, more
or less brown-banded or mottled, often brownish in age, sometimes 7 cm.
long but usually shorter, sometimes few or none; glochids numerous, yellow;
wool in areoles short, sometimes brown, sometimes white; flowers in the typical
form lemon-yellow, in some forms red from the first, 7 to 8 em. long; fruit
pear-shaped to subglobose, narrowed at base, 5 to 7.5 em. long, purplish,
spineless, juicy.
58. Opuntia tapona Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 423. 1896.
Baja California; type collected near Loreto.
Low spreading plants, rarely over 60 em. high; joints glabrous, orbicular to
obovate, 20 to 25 em. in diameter, turgid, pale green; spines 2 to 4, yellow,
one much longer, 5 to 7 em. long, slender, porrect or sometimes curved down-
ward; glochids brownish; fruit 4 to 6 em. long, clavate, dark purple without,
red within, spineless. ‘‘ Tuna tapona.”
59. Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 6: 207. 1850.
Opuntia squarrosa Griffiths, Bull. Torrey Club 48: 91. 1916.
Tamaulipas. Texas and Louisiana; type from New Braunfels, Texas.
Usually erect, 2 to 4 meters high, with a more or less definite trunk, but at
times much lower and spreading; joints green or bluish green, somewhat glau-
cous, orbicular to obovate, up to 25 cm. long; areoles distant, often 6 cm. apart;
spines usually 1 to 6, often only 2, one porrect and 4 em. long or more, the
others somewhat shorter and only slightly spreading, pale yellow to nearly
white, sometimes brownish or blackish at base, or some plants spineless; glo-
chids yellow or sometimes brownish; petals yellow to dark red; fruit purple,
pyriform to oblong, 3.5 to 5.5 em. long. ‘“ Nopal,” “ nopal azul,” “ cacanapa ”
(Texas).
60. Opuntia cantabrigiensis Lynch, Gard. Chron. III. 33: 98. 1903.
Opuntia engelmanii cuija Griffiths & Hare, N. Mex. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 60:
44, 1906.
Opuntia cuija Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50: 529. 1908.
San Luis Potosi, Querétaro, and Hidalgo.
Rounded bushy plant, 1 to 2 meters high; joints orbicular to obovate, 12 to 20
em. long, rather pale bluish green, areoles remote, large, filled with brown
wool; spines usually 3 to 6 but sometimes more, somewhat spreading, acicular,
yellow with brown or reddish bases, 1.5 to 4 cm. long; glochids numerous, 1 cm.
long or more, yellowish, not forming a brush; flowers 5 to 6 em. long, yellowish
with reddish center; upper areoles on the ovary bearing long bristles; fruit
globular, about 4 em. in diameter, purple; seeds numerous, 4 mm. in diameter.
“ Cuija”’ (San Luis Potosi).
61. Opuntia pyriformis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 292. 1909.
Zacatecas, the type from Hacienda de Cedros.
Plants 3 to 5 meters high, with widely spreading branches, the lower ones
almost resting on the ground and 3 to 5 meters long; joints obovate, thick, 18
cm. long or more; areoles closely set, small; spines 1 or 2, on old joints more,
usually reflexed, slender, weak, yellow, 10 to 22 mm. long; flowers yellow;
fruit 4 cm. long, somewhat tuberculate, spineless, its large areoles crowded
with brown hairs forming hemispheric cushions.
Wie
884 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
62. Opuntia durangensis Britt. & Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 518. 1908.
Durango.
Joints broadly obovate, about 20 cm. long, 16 cm. broad, pale green, glabrous
or minutely puberulent, bearing numerous areoles, these 1 to 2 cm. apart,
elevated; spines 3 to 5 at an areole, short, 1.5 cm. long or less, pungent,
spreading, yellow but in age becoming darker; glochids brown, 2 to 3 mm.
long; flowers yellow, 5 cm. long; petals broad, apiculate; ovary 3 to 4 cm.
long, finely pubescent, bearing many areoles with numerous glochids and a
few spines; fruit white or red; seeds about 3 mm. broad.
63. Opuntia atropes Rose, Smiths. Mise. Coll. 50: 518. 1908.
Morelos, the type from Yautepec.
Plants 1 to 3 meters high, much branched; joints oblong to obovate, 20
to 30 em. long, deep green, softly pubescent; young joints somewhat glossy;
areoles circular, filled with short tawny wool; young spines white or yellowish;
old spines 3 to 6 em. long, somewhat angled, standing almost at right angles
to the joints, dark yellow or brown at the base, much lighter and often
white above; glochids numerous, long, yellow; petals reddish; ovary pubescent,
covered with large cushion-like areoles bearing long glochids near the top
but with few spines or none, truncate at apex.
64. Opuntia affinis Griffiths, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 27. 1914.
Oaxaca.
Arborescent, sometimes 2 meters high or more; joints obovate, 35 cm. long,
broadly rounded above and gradually narrowed below, densely silky; areoles
obovate, 3 mm. long, 3 ecm. apart; glochids light straw-colored, 8 mm. long;
spines 1 to 5 in the upper areoles, straw-colored, becoming white, the longest
8 em. long, divergent, flattened, angular, twisted; flowers dull dark red in
bud, about 3 cm. in diameter; petals 2 to 2.5 em. long; ovary subglobose, deeply
pitted, 15 to 17 mm. in diameter, with small brown areoles 4 mm. apart; fruit,
subglobose, small, red. |
>
65. Opuntia macdougaliana Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 516. 1908.
Opuntia micrarthra Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 130. 1913. '
Southern Mexico, the type from Tehuacfin, Puebla.
Plants about 4 meters high, with a distinct cylindric trunk branching from
near the base; joints oblong, 30 em. long by 8 to 10 cm. broad, softly pubescent ;
areoles distinct, small; spines generally 4, one much longer (2.5 to 4 cm. long),
somewhat flattened, yellowish, becoming whitish in age; glochids short, nu-
merous, yellow; fruit globular to oblong, 5 cm. long, the surface divided into
diamond-shaped plates, red, with a broad deep cup at apex, the numerous
small rounded areoles filled with clumps of yellow glochids, very rarely with
one or two spines.
66. Opuntia velutina Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 389. 1904.
Opuntia nelsoniit Rose, Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 516. 1908.
Southern Mexico; type from Guerrero.
Stems 1 to 4 meters high; joints flattened, oblong to obovate, 15 to 20 cm.
long, 10 to 15 cm. broad near the top, pubescent, pale, yellowish green in
herbarium specimens; areoles 2 to 3 cm. apart; spines 2 to 6, yellow, becom-
ing white in age, very unequal, the longer ones 3 to 4 cm. long; bristles many,
yellow, becoming brownish; flowers rather small; petals yellow, 1 to 8 ecm.
long; ovary pubescent, bearing many yellowish brown bristles ; filaments red;
fruit ‘dark red.”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 885
67. Cpuntia wilcoxii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 172. 1919!
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Fuerte, Sinaloa.
Tall, bushy, 1 to 2 meters high, very much branched; joints oblong, thinnish,
20 cm. long, dark green, more or less purplish about the large areoles, finely
puberulent ; glochids numerous, long, yellow; spines 1 to 3, one very long (5
to 6 cm.), porrect, white or somewhat yellowish; flowers 6 cm. long, yellow;
ovary bearing a few large areoles, these filled with brown wool and yellow
glochids; fruit pubescent, 4 cm. long.
68. Opuntia tomentosa Salm-Dyck, Obs. Bot. 3: 8. 1822.
Cactus tomentosus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 24. 1822.
Opuntia oblongata Wendl.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 161. 1837.
Opuntia icterica Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 188. 1913.
Central Mexico; escaped from cultivation in Australia.
Becoming 3 to 6 meters high or more, with a broad top and a smooth trunk
10 to 30 cm. in diameter; joints oblong to narrowly obovate, 10 to 20 cm. long,
velvety-pubescent, somewhat tuberculate when young; glochids yellow; spines
usually wanting but sometimes 1 or more; flowers orange, 4 to 5 cm. long;
fruit ovoid, red, sweetish; seeds 4 mm. broad.
69. Opuntia guilanchi Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 265. 1908.
Zacatecas.
Becoming 1.5 to 2 meters high, often with a distinct trunk 1.5 to 2.5 em.
in diameter; joints broadly obovate, 14 to 16 cm. wide, 20 to 24 em. long,
minutely pubescent; spines at first white, slightly flattened, the longest 2 cm.
long; glochids light yellow; fruit subglobose, 4 cm. in diameter, pubescent,
variously colored, aromatic. ‘‘ Nopal guilanchi.”
70. Opuntia leucotricha DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 119. 1828.
Opuntia fulvispina Salm-Dyck; Pfeiff. Hnum. Cact. 164. 1837.
Central Mexico.
Often 3 to 5 meters high, with a large top; trunk as well as the older joints
covered with long white bristles; joints oblong to orbicular, 1 to 2 cm. long,
pubescent; areoles closely set, the upper part filled with yellow glochids, the
lower part at first with only 1 to 3 weak white spines; flowers (including
ovary) 4 to 5 cm. long; petals yellow, broad; ovary with numerous areoles, the
upper ones bearing long bristly glochids (1 cm. long) ; fruit variable, 4 to 6 cm.
long, white or red, the rind not easily coming off from the pulp, aromatic, edible.
“Nopal duraznillo” (Durango); “tuna duraznillo” (Zacatecas); “ duraz-
nillo,” ‘‘ duraznillo blanco,” ‘‘ duraznillo colorado.”
The following are probably synonymous with this species: Opuntia leucosticta
Wendl. (Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 167. 1837) ; O. leucacantha Link & Otto (Salm-
Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 362. 1834).
71. Opuntia orbiculata Salm-Dyck; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 156. 1837.
Opuntia crinifera Salm-Dyck; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 157. 1837.
Opuntia lanigera Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 65. 1850.
Northern Mexico.
Plants without a very definite trunk, about 1 meter high, often broader than
high; joints green or bluish green, orbicular to obovate, sometimes spatulate,
about 15 cm. long; areoles small, in seedlings and young plants producing long
white hairs or long-persistent wool; spines acicular, several, yellow; flowers
yellow.
796S8S—24——_4.
886 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
72. Opuntia pilifera Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 894. 1898.
Puebla.
Becoming 4 to 5 meters high, with a definite thick woody cylindric trunk
and a broad rounded top; joints oblong to orbicular, 10 to 30 ecm. long,
obtuse at apex, pale green; areoles 2 to 3 cm. apart, scarcely elevated; spines
2 to 9, white, slightly spreading, acicular, the outer part of the areole
filled with nearly white, more or less deciduous hairs 2 to 3 cm. long; flowers
large, red; areoles on the ovary bearing brown glochids and deciduous hairs,
the latter especially abundant toward the top of the ovary; fruit red, juicy.
73. Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Opuntia No. 2. 1768.
Cactus ficus-indica L. Sp. Pl. 468. 1753.
Central Mexico, widely cultivated. Generally planted in tropical regions.
Large and bushy or sometimes erect and treelike and then with a definite
woody trunk, up to 5 meters high, usually with a large top; joints oblong
to spatulate-oblong, usually 30 to 50 cm. long, sometimes even larger; areoles
small, usually spineless; glochids yellow, numerous, soon dropping off; flowers
normally bright yellow, 7 to 10 cm. broad; ovary 5 cm. long; fruit nor-
mally red, edible, 5 to 9 cm. long, with a low depressed umbilicus. ‘ Nopal
de Castilla,” “tuna de Castilla,” ‘ nochtli.”
74. Opuntia crassa Haw. Suppl. Pl. Suce. 81. 1819.
Widely cultivated in Mexico.
Plants 1 to 2 meters high, somewhat branched; joints ovate to oblong,
8 to 12.5 em. long, thick, bluish green, glaucous; areoles bearing brown
wool and brown glochids; spines wanting or sometimes 1 or 2, acicular, 2.5
em. long or less; flowers and fruit unknown.
75. Opuntia undulata Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 32. 1912.
Opuntia undosa Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 1389. 1913.
Widely cultivated in Mexico; type from Aguascalientes.
Plants tall, large, open-branched, with trunk often 30 cm. or more in di-
ameter; joints very large, obovate, about 55 cm. long, glossy light yel-
lowish green at first; areoles subcircular to obovate, 4.5 mm. long, 5 to 6
em. apart; glochids yellow, 1 mm. long; spines white, few, erect, flattened,
straight or twisted, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; fruit 9 to 10 cm. long, dull red.
76. Opuntia spinulifera Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 364. 1834.
Opuntia candelabriformis Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 159. 1837.
Opuntia oligacantha Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 241. 1850.
Mexico.
Tall much-branched plant; joints orbicular to oblong, sometimes obovate,
20 to 30 cm. long, glabrous, a little glaucous; leaves small, red, 4 to 6 mm.
long; areoles on young joints usually small, sometimes longer than broad,
the margin at first bordered with cobwebby hairs, afterwards with short
white hairs, either spineless or with short white bristle-like spines; areoles
on old joints more or less sunken, rather close together; spines on old joints
1 to 3, 1 to 2 em. long, subulate, bone-colored.
77. Opuntia lasiacantha Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 160. 1837.
Central Mexico.
A tall plant, with a more or less definite trunk; joints obovate to oblong,
20 to 30 cm. long; areoles small, 2 to 3 cm. apart; spines usually 1 to 3,
acicular, white, 2 to 4 cm. long, slightly spreading; glochids numerous, promi-
nent, dirty yellow to brown; flowers yellow or deep orange, 6 to 8 cm. broad;
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 887
ovary bearing long brown deciduous bristles, especially from the upper
areoles.
Opuntia chaetocarpa Griffiths* is perhaps the same species. O. zacuapanensis
Berger? is closely related.
78. Opuntia hyptiacantha Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 894. 1898.
Opuntia nigrita Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21: 169. 1910.
2?Opuntia cretochaeta Griffiths, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 29: 11. 1916.
Oaxaca.
A tall much-branched plant; joints oblong to obovate, 20 to 30 cm. long,
pale green, but when young bright green; spines on young joints single,
porrect, and accompanied by 2 or 3, sometimes many, white, slightly pungent
hairs; spines on old joints 4 to 6, somewhat spreading or appressed, 1 to 2
em. long; glochids few, brownish; areoles small, 1.5 cm. apart; leaves small,
brownish; flowers red; fruit globular, yellowish, its areoles filled with long
weak glochids; umbilicus broad, only slightly depressed.
Opuntia chavena Griffiths* is perhaps the same species. It is said to be
known in Aguascalientes as ‘“nopal cadillo,” ‘nopal chavefio,” and “ nopal
cascaron.”
79. Opuntia streptacantha Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 62. 1839.
San Luis Potosi and elsewhere in central Mexico.
Much branched, up to 5 meters high, sometimes with a trunk 45 cm. in diam-
eter; joints obovate to orbicular, 25 to 30 cm. long, dark green; areoles small,
rather close together for this group; spines numerous, spreading or some of
them appressed, white; glochids reddish brown, very short; flowers 7 to 9 cm.
broad, yellow to orange, the sepals reddish; fruit globular, 5 cm. in diameter,
cull red or sometimes yellow within and without. ‘‘ Tuna cardona,” “ nopal
cardon.”
This is one of the most important economic Opuntias of Mexico. It has
sometimes been reported as O. cardona, a name which has never been properly
published.
Opuntia pachona Griffiths* is closely related and perhaps only a form of this
species.
20. Opuntia amyclaea Ten. Fl. Neap. Prodr. App. 5: 15. 1826.
Doubtless native of Mexico, but not known in the wild state.
Erect; joints oblong to elliptic, 30 to 40 cm. long, about twice as long as
broad, thick, dull green, a little glaucous; areoles small, with 1 or 2 short
bristles from the lower parts of areoles; spines 1 to 4, stiff, nearly porrect,
tsually less than 3 cm. long, white or horn-colored, the stoutest angled; glochids
brown, soon disappearing; flowers yellow; fruit yellowish red, not very juicy.
81. Opuntia megacantha Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 368. 1834.
Opuntia castillae Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 261. 1908.
7Opuntia incarnadilla Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 22: 27. 1912.
Much cultivated in Mexico.
Plants tall, 4 to 5 meters high or more, with a more or less definite woody
irunk; joints of large plants obovate to oblong, often oblique, sometimes 40 to 60
em. long or more, pale dull green, slightly glaucous; areoles rather small, on
*Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 27: 25. 1914.
* Hort. Mortol. 413. 1912.
Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 264. pl. 23. 1908
*Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 21: 168. pl. 22. 1910
888 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
large joints often 4 to 5 em. apart, when young bearing brown wool; spines
white, usually 1 to 5, slightly spreading, sometimes nearly porrect, usually only
2 to 3 em. long, sometimes few and confined to the upper areoles; glochids few,
yellow, caducous, sometimes appearing again on old joints; flowers yellow
to orange, about 8 cm. broad; ovary spiny or spineless, obovoid; fruit
7 to 8 cm. long. ‘ Nopal de Castilla.”
This is the species from which the best edible tunas are obtained. Many of
the varieties have local names.
Opuntia tribuloides Griffiths* is a closely related form.
82. Opuntia robusta Wendl.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 165. 1837.
Opuntia flavicans Lem. Hort. Monv. 61. 1839.
Opuntia larreyi Weber; Coulter, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 8: 425. 1896.
Opuntia gorda Griffiths, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 134. 1913.
Central Mexico.
Often erect, sometimes 5 meters high, usually much branched; joints orbic-
ular to oblong, 20 to 25 ecm. long, 10 to 12.5 cm. broad, very thick, bluisi
green, glaucous; spines 8 to 12, stout, very diverse, brown or yellowish at
base, white above, up to 5 cm. long; flowers 5 em. broad, yellow; fruit globular
to ellipsoid, at first more or less tuberculate, deep red, 7 to 9 cm. long. ‘‘ Tuna
tapona,” “tuna camuesa.”
Opuntia albicans Salm-Dyck’ is said by Berger to be closely related to this
species. O. mcgalarthra Rose,? known in Zacatecas as “ rastrero,” is closely
related; also O. cochinera Griffiths,’ which is called “ cochinera” in the same
state.
83. Opuntia guerrana Griffiths, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 266. 1908.
Hidalgo, the type from Dublan.
Plants 90 to 120 em. high, with an open branching top; joints oblong to
orbicular, 15 to 25 cm. long, thick, glaucous; areoles 5 mm. in diameter, filled
with tawny wool; spines white to yellow, 1 to 6, flattened, twisted; petals
yellow; fruit globose, greenish white, 4 to 5 cm. in diameter. ‘‘ Nopal tapdén.”
84. Opuntia stenopetala Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 289. 1856.
Coahuila to Querétaro and Hidalgo; type from Buena Vista, Coahuila.
Low bushy plant, often forming thickets, the main branches procumbent and
resting on the edges of the joints; joints obovate to orbicular, 10 to 20 em.
long, grayish green, but often more or less purplish, very spiny; areoles often
remote, 1 to 3 cm. apart, the lower ones often without spines, bearing white
wool when young; spines usually reddish brown to black, but sometimes be-
coming pale, usually 2 to 4, the longest 5 cm. long, the larger ones somewhat
flattened; glochids very abundant on young joints, brown; flowers dioecious,
including the ovary only 3 cm. long; petals orange-red. very narrow, 10 to 12
mm. long, with long acuminate tips; ovary leafy, the upper leaves similar to
the sepals; fruit globular, 3 cm. in diameter, acid, naked or spiny; seeds
smooth, 8 mm. in diameter, with broad rounded margins. ‘“ Nopal lasar6én”
(San Luis Potosf) ; “ nopal colorado” (Zacatecas).
1 Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 187. 1918.
? Hort. Dyck. 361. 1834.
® Smiths. Misc. Coll. 50: 529. 1908.
*Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 19: 268. pl. 26. 1908.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 889
85. Opuntia glaucescens Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 362. 1884.
Mexico.
Probably erect; joints erect, oblong-obovate, 12 to 15 ecm. long, 5 em.
broad, sometimes narrowed at both ends, pale green, glaucous, usually
purplish around the areoles; areoles filled with gray wool; spines 1 to 4,
elongate, acicular, white, 2.5 em. long; glochids brownish to rose-colored.
86. Opuntia grandis Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 155. 1837.
Mexico, but localities not known.
More or less erect, 60 cm. high or more; joints oblong, 12 to 18 cm. long,
erect, when young reddish, glaucous; spines few, white; flowers small,
a little open, 2 em. broad; petals few, narrowly lanceolate, 12 mm. long.
87. Opuntia chaffeyi Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 241. 1913.
Zacatecas, the type from Hacienda de Cedros, near Mazapil.
Perennial by a large fleshy deep-seated root or rootstock often 35 ecm.
long by 4 cm. in diameter; stems normally annual, 5 to 15 cm. long, much
branched, often weak and prostrate; joints elongate, 3 to 5 cm. long, 6
to 7 mm. broad, slightly flattened, glabrous, pale bluish green or some-
times purplish; areoles small, circular, with white wool in the lower parts
and brown wool in the upper parts; spines 1, rarely 2 or 3, acicular, 2 to 8
em. long, whitish or pale yellow; glochids numerous, pale yellow; flower 6
cm. broad; petals 7 to 9, pale lemon-yellow, but slightly pinkish on the out-
side; ovary deeply umbilicate, somewhat club-shaped, 4 to 5 em. long, bear:
ing flattened tubercles and large areoles filled with white wool; upper
areoles on ovary bearing also white bristly spines; ovules numerous, borne
in the upper third of the ovary.
5. GRUSONIA F. Reichenb.; Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 177. 1896.
A single species is known.
1. Grusonia bradtiana (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 215. 1919.
Cereus bradtianus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 406. 1896.
Grusonia cereiformis F. Reichenb.; Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 177.
1896.
Opuntia bradtiana K. Brandeg. Erythea 5: 121. 1897.
Coahuila.
Forming dense, often impenetrable thickets 2 meters high or less, very
spiny ; stems light green, 4 to 7 em. thick, with 8 to 10 low, longitudinal, some-
what tuberculate ribs; areoles 1 to 1.5 cm. apart, 3 to 5 mm. in diameter;
leaves linear, fleshy, green, 8 mm. long, early deciduous; spines 15 to 25,
yellowish brown when young, soon becoming white, acicular, terete or slightly
compressed, 1 to 3 cm. long, not sheathed, some of the longer ones reflexed;
wool white, turning brown, early disappearing; corolla rotate, opening in
bright sunlight, 3 to 4 cm. broad; sepals ovate, acute, fleshy; petals bright
yellow, spatulate, fringed; filaments brownish yellow; areoles of the ovary
with long weak yellow spines, white wool, and yellow glochids; berry (accord-
ing to Schumann) ellipsoid, deeply umbilicate. “Organillo” (Patoni).
6. CEPHALOCEREUS Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 142. 1838.
Elongate cacti, various in habit, mostly columnar and erect, sometimes much
branched with a short trunk or in one species with spreading and procumbent
branches; in some species the flowering areoles develop an abundance ot wool
which confluently forms a dense mass called a pseudocephalium either at the
top or on one side near the top; in others long wool or hairs grow from the
890 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
areoles but a pseudocephalium is not formed; in others the flowers are pro-
duced in a circle at the top and the bristles and fruit afterwards form a
collar at the base of the new growth; in other species neither wool nor hairs
are produced in the flowering areoles; flowers nocturnal, short-campanulate
to short-funnelform or pyriform, straight or curved; perianth persisting on
the ripening fruit, except in one species; fruit usually depressed-globose, some-
times oblong; seeds black, smooth or tuberculate.
Numerous additional species occur in tropical and subtropical America.
Flowering areoles confluent, forming a pseudocephalium.
Pseudocephalium lateral.
Plant cylindric, the top rounded; bristles of the pseudocephalium twice
aS Moneias: the uWwool.. SS 2 Ok 08h hee ee ee 1. C. senilis.
Plant tapering to the apex; bristles of the pseudocephalium little longer
thanvthe wool: 22 oie ee Se ae 2. C. hoppenstedtii. ©
Pseudocephalium:, terminal 2 eee 3. C. macrocephalus,
Flowering areoles not confluent, not forming a pseudocephalium.
Ribs*i15-to- 18's flowers: red. e S e 4. C. polylophus.
Ribs 4 to 138; flowers mostly whitish to purplish.
Flowering areoles without wool or wool very short----~~- 5. C. scoparius.
Flowering areoles definitely long-woolly.
Ribs sOn Ly ost por mm. highs 2 oe ee 13. C. purpusii.
Ribs 8 mm. high or higher.
Plants ight Vor -dark, 2reen. 2 233 2 ore ae eee ee 6. C. gaumeri.
Plants, at least young joints, blue or bluish green, glaucous.
Young :spines: yellow. = ee 7. C. chrysacanthus.
Young spines brown or nearly black.
Ribs 9 to 12.
Wiool {short 52 ‘em, Jone 3 == eee 8. C. cometes.
Wool..10 sem.) long = +2 Se 9. C. leucocephalus.
Ribs 7 to 9.
Midgwers rose-redi wee set ee 10. C. sartorianus.
Klowersasibrown. feo een hs Se 11. C. palmeri.
1. Cephalocereus senilis (Haw.) Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 142. 1838.
Cactus senilis Haw. Phil. Mag. 68: 31. 1824.
Cactus bradypus Lehm. Delect. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 17. 1826.
Cereus senilis DC. Prodr. 3: 464. 1828.
Pilocereus senilis Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 7. 1839.
Echinocactus staplesiae Tate; Loud. Gard. Mag. 16: 27. 1840.
Hidalgo and Guanajuato.
Plants 6 to 10 or even 15 meters high, columnar, simple or rarely branched
above, sometimes branched at base; ribs numerous; pseudocephalium develop-
ing on plants when 6 meters high, broadening above, rarely confined to one
side but usually encircling the top of the plant; areoles closely set, the
ones at base of old plants producing weak gray bristles 20 to 30 cm. long,
the ones in the pseudocephalium producing similar but shorter bristles in-
termixed with dense, tawny wool, 4 to 6 em. long; flower (including ovary)
5 em. long, rose-colored ; scales few on the tube; fruit obovoid, 2.5 to 3 cm. long,
rose-colored, capped by the chartaceous base of the flower, bearing a few
minute scales with hairs in their axils. ‘ Cabeza de viejo,” ‘‘ viejo,” “ viejito.”
-This is one of the cacti most cultivated in northern hothouses, where it
is known as “old man cactus.” The young plants are densely covered with
long white hairs. The species is very abundant on the limestone hills of
eastern Hidalgo, where it is often the most conspicuous plant.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 891
2. Cephalocereus hoppenstedtii (Weber) Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. 3%: 181. 1894.
Pilocereus hoppenstedtit Weber, Cat. Pfersdorff. 1864.
Pilocereus hagendorpi Regel, Gartenflora 18: 220. 1869.
Pilocereus lateralis Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 966. 1898.
Cereus hoppenstedtii Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 70. 1905.
Southern Mexico, the type from Zapotitlin, Puebla.
Slender, columnar, said sometimes to reach 10 meters in height, often bent
or clambering, the apex tapering; ribs low, close together, 20 or more, the
whole plant hidden under the numerous spines; areoles close together;
radial spines 14 to 18, very short, white; central spines 5 to 8, the longest
one sometimes 7.5 cm. long, usually reflexed, brewnish; pseudocephalium at
the top of the plant but to one side (said to be on the north side) ; flower
described as 7.5 cm. long, whitish, with rosy tips, bell-shaped.
3. Cephalocereus macrocephalus Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 197. 1897.
Cereus macrocephalus Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 62. 1905.
Puebla, the type from Tehuacan,
Plant of great size, 10 to 16 meters high, with a very solid woody trunk 30
to 60 cm. in diameter, simple or with a few ascending branches; pseudocepha-
lium not so conspicuous as in Cephalocereus senilis; ribs numerous (about 24),
low, obtuse, pale green ; radial spines about 12, spreading; central spines several,
sometimes 6 cm. long; flowering areoles spineless but bearing white stiff hairs
or weak bristles; perianth about 5 em. long, the tube bearing a few distant
seales, the limb short, the outer segments rounded.
4. Cephalocereus polylophus (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Hert
12: 419. 1909.
Cereus polylophus DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 115. 1828.
Eastern Mexico.
Erect, with simple stems 10 to 18 meters high, green; ribs 15 to 18; areoles
small, 1 em. apart or less, bearing white felt but no wool; spines 7 or 8, yellow,
straight, spreading; central spine single, longer than the others; flowers 4 to
& cm. long, about 3 cm. broad at top, narrowly funnelform; free part of tube
6 to 8 mm. long with ridges down the inside; stamens included, inserted on the
throat; inner perianth segments probably red, broad and short, rounded at
apex; ovary somewhat tuberculate; scales small, without felt, wool, or hairs in
their axils; scales of flower tube small, acute, spreading, with the tip reflexed.
5. Cephalocereus scoparius (Poselger): Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 419. 1909.
Pilocereus scoparius Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 126. 1853.
Cereus scoparius Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 63. 1905.
Type from La Soledad, Veracruz.
Stems 6 to 7.5 meters high, 30 cm. or more in diameter; younger branches
with 12 to 15 ribs, these blunt; areoles 1.5 to 2.5 em. apart, naked; radial spines
5, Somewhat bent downward, 5 to 8 mm. long; central spine 1, stout, bent up-
ward, 2.5 cm. long; flowering branches with 20 to 25 ribs; flowers small, red-
dish; fruit red, small.
.6, Cephalocereus gaumeri Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 47. 1920.
Yucatan.
Plant 6 meters high, light green, slender, often only 2 to 3 em., but some-
times 6 cm., in diameter; ribs 8 or 9, 6 to 8 mm. high; areoles 6 to 10, bear-
ing short felt and cobwebby hairs when young; flowering areoles bearing tufts
892 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
of white wool 1 to 2 ecm. long, 1 to 2 mm. apart; spines 15 to 25, acicular, 1
to 5 em. long, yellowish brown when young; flowers “light green,” 5 to 7 cm.
long; scales on the ovary and lower part of the flower tube few, minute, acute;
scales on upper part of the tube and outer perianth segments broadly ovate,
acute; inner perianth segments oblong, acute; stamens included; style long
exserted ; fruit depressed, brownish, somewhat ridged, 4.5 cm. long.
7%. Cephalocereus chrysacanthus (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 416. 1909.
Pilocereus chrysacanthus Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 178. 1897.
Cereus chrysacanthus Oreutt, West Amer. Sci. 18: 63. 1902.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuaciéin, Puebla.
Plant 3 to 5 meters high, branching near the base; branches erect or ascend-
ing, glaucous; ribs about 12; areoles about 1 cm. apart; spines 12 to 15, the
longer ones 3 to 4 cm. long, at first golden yellow, becoming darker in age;
flowers borne in definite zones on one side of the branch, accompanied by
dense masses of long white hairs, nocturnal, 7 to 8 em. long, rose-red; fruit
smooth, reddish or purplish, about 3 cm. in diameter, the flesh red; seeds
black.
8. Cephalocereus cometes (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 416. 1909.
Cereus cometes Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 339. 1840.
Pilocereus jubatus Salm-Dyck; Foérst. Handb. Cact. 356. 1846.
Cereus flavicomus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 202. 1850.
San Luis Potosi.
Erect, cylindric; ribs 12 to 15, hardly tuberculate, obtuse; areoles close
together, round; spines unequal, straight, spreading, 2 cm. long or less, fiesh-
eolored or brownish, becoming gray; flowering areoles bearing masses of yel-
low hairs or wool, longer than the spines.
9. Cephalocereus leucocephalus (Poselger) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 417. 1909.
Pilocereus leucocephalus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 126. 1853.
Pilocereus houlletii Lem. Rey. Hort. 1862: 428. 1862.
Pilocereus foersteri Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 18: under pl. 472. 1866.
Sonora and Chihuahua; type from Horcasitas, Sonora.
Plants 2 to 5 meters high, branched below, the branches 3 to 15, erect or
ascending; ribs usually 12, low; spines about 10 in each cluster, acicular, 12
to 20 mm. long; flowering areoles clustered on one side of the plant toward
the top and producing an abudance of long white hairs (sometimes 4 to 10
em. long).
10. Cephalocereus sartorianus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 419. 1909.
Veracruz.
Plant 3 to 5 meters high or more, with nearly erect branches, these 7 to
10 cm. in diameter, bluish or bluish green; ribs 7, 2 cm. high, marked by a
pair of grooves descending obliquely, one on each side, from each areole;
areoles usually 1.5 cm. apart; radial spines at first 7 or 8, others apparently
developing later; central normally one; all spines short, 1 cm. long or less,
at first straw-colored, in age grayish; all areoles producing few or many cob-
webby hairs; flowering areoles appearing on one side of the plant, producing
long white hairs 4 to 6 cm. long; flowers 6 to § em. long, “ dirty rose-red ”’;
fruit red.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 893
11. Cephalocereus palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 418. 1909.
Cereus victoriensis Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 24, 1913.
Eastern Mexico; type from Victoria, Tamaulipas.
Tall, 2 to 6 meters high, with 20 branches or more (often 5 to 8 em. in di-
ameter), dark green or when young glaucous and bluish; ribs 7 to 9, rounded
on the edge, rather closely set, clothed from top downward for 20 to 30 em.
with long white hairs (4 to 5 cm. long) usually hiding the brown spines;
radial spines 8 to 12, slender, the central one much longer than the others, 2
to 3 cm. long; areoles 1 cm. apart, scarcely woolly except toward the top;
flowers 6 cm. long, somewhat tubular, purplish to brownish, the ovary with-
out spines or hairs; fruit globular, about 6 cm. in diameter, naked but the
surface somewhat warty; seeds black, shining, minutely pitted, 2 mm. long,
oblique at base.
12. Cephalocereus alensis (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:
415. 1909.
Pilocereus alensis Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 11: 508. 1905.
Cereus alensis Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 28. 1913.
Western Mexico; type from Sierra del Alo.
Erect, sometimes 5 to 6 meters high, branching from the base; branches
rather slender, spreading, 12 to 14-ribbed, the ribs somewhat tuberculate ;
spines 10 to 14, acicular, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, brownish; flowering areoles on
one side of the stem, developing white or yellowish hairs 5 cm. long; flowers
light purple to purplish green; perianth segments fleshy, usually rounded at
apex; ovary nearly naked.
13. Cephalocereus purpusii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 56. 1920.
Sinaloa; type from Mazatlan.
Stems slender, 2 to 3 meters high, simple or more or less branched;
branches green, erect, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter, usually simple; ribs 12, 5 to
6 mm. high, separated by narrow intervals; areoles closely set, 10 mm.
apart or less on the lower part of the stem, but much closer toward the top,
on the young growth with long silky white hairs, but on old parts with-
out hairs; spines acicular, swolien at base, 1 to 3 cm. long, bright yellow at
first, in age gray.
7. ESCONTRIA Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 126. 1906.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Escontria chiotilla (Weber) Rose,.Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 126. 1906.
Cereus chiotilla Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 83. 1897.
Puebla and elsewhere in southern Mexico.
Plant 4 to 7 meters high; trunk very short; branches numerous, form-
ing a compact top, weak and easily broken, bright green, not at all glaucous:
ribs 7 or 8, acute; areoles close together, often confluent, elliptic; radial
spines 10 to 15, rather short, often reflexed; central spines several, one
much longer than the others, somewhat flattened, sometimes 7 cm. long, all
light-colored; flowers borne near the ends of the branches, including the
ovary about 3 cm. long; inner perianth segments yellow, acuminate; scales on
ovary and flower tube arranged in many overlapping series, ovate, 8 to 15 mm.
long; fruit glabrous, about 5 cm. in diameter, scaly, edible. “ Jiotilla,”
“ chiotilla,” ‘ xiotilla.”
The ripe fruit is edible and is sold in the markets. The fruit is some-
times preserved by drying.
894 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. PACHYCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 420. 1909.
Usually very large plants, more or less branched, with definite trunks, the
stems and branches stout, columnar, ribbed; flowers diurnal, with rather short
tube; outer perianth segments short, spatulate; stamens included, numerous, in-
serted along the throat; style included; ovary and flower tube covered with
small seales bearing felt and bristles in their axils; fruit large, burlike, dry,
usually densely covered with clusters of deciduous spines and bristles; seeds
large and black.
One other species is known, a native of Guatemala.
Wool of ovary areoles sparse, shorter than the coriaceous scales__8. P. ruficeps.
Wool of ovary areoles copious, mostly longer than the scales.
Ferianth tube narrow; branches 5 to 7-angled__.__________7. P. marginatus.
Perianth tube broad; branches many-ribbed.
Areoles of ovary and perianth tube bearing copious yellow-brown wool
15,10, 2.0 0M. LONG ee 6. P. chrysomallus.
Areoles of ovary and perianth tube densely felted but without long wool.
Joints, at least the young ones, glaucous, the bloom persistent as whitish
SS ETS ev aE Sg 5. P. grandis.
Joints green or but slightly glaucous.
Upper areoles of the perianth tube, like the others, densely felted, the
scales short.
Spines brown to gray or sometimes black__-------_1. P. pringlei.
Spines of young growth yellow-brown____-----_-_____ 2. P. orcuttii.
Upper areoles of the perianth tube little or scarcely felted, the scales
long.
Flowering areoles bearing many short weak spines.
3. P. pecten-aboriginum.
Flowering areoles bearing several stiff acicular spines_4. P. gaumeri.
1. Pachycereus pringlei (S. Wats.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 422. 1909.
Cereus pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 368. 1885.
Cereus calvus Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Herb. 3: 409. 1896.
Cereus titan Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 409. 1896.
Sonora and Baja California; type from the Altar River, Sonora.
Treelike, up to 11 meters high, usnally with a very short thick trunk, some-
times 1 or even 2 meters long or more, often 60 cm. in diameter or more;
stem sometimes nearly simple but often with numerous thick upright branches,
more or less glaucous, very spiny or in some forms nearly naked; ribs usually
11 to 15 but sometimes 17, obtuse; areoles, especially the flowering ones, very
large, brown-felted, usually confluent or connected by a groove; spines on
young growth 20 or more at an areole, 1 to 2 em. long, white but with black
tips, or on young plants sometimes 12 cm. long and black throughout; flower-
bearing region of the branches extending from near the top downward some-
times for 2 meters, the areoles becoming broad and uniting, often spineless;
flowers 6 to 8 cm. long, the tube and ovary bearing small acute scales, these
nearly hidden by the mass of brown hairs produced in their axils; inner
perianth segments white, broad, spreading; fruit globular, covered with brown
felt and bristles, dry. “Card6n’, “cardén pelén”’; “saguesa” (Sonora).
This is an abundant and conspicuous plant in many parts of Sonora and
Baja California, often forming extensive forests. The dried wood is employed
for fuel, and the stems for building huts. The Indians grind the pulp and
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 895
seeds together into a kind of flour which is used for making tamales. For
illustrations of this species see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 130, 181, 182.
It is probably this plant which is described by Clavigero (Historia de la
California, 1789) under the name “card6n.” Among other notes, he remarks
that “the missionaries found a method of utilizing the branches, for from a
piece about two palms long they extracted by crushing the juice, which they
boiled down, thus obtaining a balsam which is good for wounds and bruises.”
2. Pachycereus orcuttii (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 422. 1909.
Cereus orcuttii K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 3. 1900.
Type from Rosario, Baja California.
Stems bright green, reaching a height of 3 meters and a diameter of 15 cm.;
ribs 14 to 18, 1 cm. high; areoles 6 mm. in diameter, densely covered with
light gray wool; spines all slender, yellowish brown; radials 12 to 20, 12 mm.
long, the centrals about 5, porrect; flowers greenish brown, 4 cm. long, the
inner perianth segments short-apiculate; ovary densely covered with short
scales, almost concealed by thick tufts of yellowish wool, and furnished with
dark brown bristles 4 to 6 em. long.
3. Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 12: 422. 1909.
Cereus pecten-aboriginum Engelm.; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 429. 1886.
Chihuahua, Sonora, Baja California, and Colima; type from Hacienda San
Miguel, Chihuahua.
Treelike, 5 to 10 meters high, with a trunk 1 to 2 meters high and 30 em.
in diameter, crowned with many erect branches; ribs 10 or 11; areoles 1 cm.
in diameter or even less, extending downward in narrow grooves, in the flower:
ing ones forming brownish cushions connecting with the areoles below, densely
tomentose (grayish except in flowering ones, these brownish or reddish) ;
spines 8 to 12, 1 to 3 central, all short, usually 1 cm. long or less, but in some
cases 3 cm. long, grayish with black tips; flowering areoles not much larger
than the others; flowers 5 to 7.5 cm. long; ovary covered with dense soft hairs
with only a few bristles or none; outer perianth segments purple, succulent ;
inner ones white, fleshy; fruit 6 to 7.5 em. in diameter, dry, covered with yel-
low wool and long yellow bristles. ‘Cardén,” “ card6n hecho,” ‘ card6én bar-
bén” (Baja California) ; “hecho” (Chihuahua, Baja California).
The specific name was given in allusion to the fact that the Indians used
the burlike fruits as combs. They also ground the seeds into meal and em-
ployed them in the preparation of cakes. For an illustration of this species
see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 132, B.
4. Pachycereus gaumeri Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 71. 1920.
Yueatin; type from Hodo.
Plant slender, 2 to 7 meters high, erect, simple or few-branched; branches
4-angled or winged; ribs thin, 3 to 4 cm. high; areoles large, 1 to 2.5 em.
apart, brown-felted; spines several, slender, 1 to 3 cm. long, brownish; flowers
yellowish green, 5 cm. long; scales of ovary and flower tube more or less
foliaceous, drying black and thin, with brown felt in the areoles; scales on
ovary linear, puberulent.
5. Pachycereus grandis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 421. 1909.
Cereus bergerianus Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 24. 1913.
Morelos, the type from Cuernavaca.
Plant 6 to 10 meters high, either simple or much branched, the trunk
sometimes a meter in diameter; branches, when present, columnar, generally
896 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
simple, becoming erect almost from the first, with numerous constrictions,
pale green or when young glaucous, with some bloom persisting in streaks;
ribs 9 to 11, acutish, high; sterile areoles circular, large, bearing white felt
and subulate spines, 2 to 3 cm. apart, not running together; old spines grayish
to white with black tips; radial spines 9 or 10; central spines 3, the lower
one longer, sometimes 6 cm. long, Somewhat flattened; flowering areoles large,
elliptic, bearing acicular or bristle-like spines; flowers about 4 cm. long; ovary
and flower tube bearing small, acuminate scales, their axils filled with downy
hairs; fruit large, globular, dry, covered with long yellow bristles and
yellow felt.
6. Pachycereus chrysomallus (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb.
12: 421. 1909.
Pilocereus chrysomallus Lem. Fl. Serr. Jard. 3: under pl. 242. 1847.
Cereus chrysomallus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 541. 1880.
Pilocereus fulviceps Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 176. 1897.
Puebla and Oaxaca.
Stem columnar, massive, at first simple, but in very old plants much
branched, giving off hundreds of erect branches which form an almost com-
pact cylinder up to 5 meters in diameter, becoming 12 to 18 meters high;
branches glaucous green, 11 to 14-ribbed; flowering branches capped by dense
masses of brownish wool; areoles approximate or even confluent; radial
spines about 12, slender; centrals 3, 1 very long, sometimes 12 to 13 cm. long;
flowers borne near the tops of the stems or branches, 6 to 7 cm. long, the
bud, afterward the flower, and finally the fruit, completely concealed in the
long wool; ovary covered with small pale, imbricate scales; flower tube also
covered with imbricate scales, but these larger and pinkish, pointed; flower
tube proper 10 mm. long or less; throat funnelform, 3 cm. long; inner perianth
segments numerous, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, cream-colored.
7%. Pachycereus marginatus (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 421. 1909.
Cereus marginatus DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 116. 1828.
Cereus gemmatus Zuce.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 96. 1837.
Hidalgo, Querétaro, and Guanajuato; also planted and naturalized in other
parts of Mexico.
Stems 3 to 7 meters high, erect, usually simple; ribs 5 or 6 (7 in the original
specimen), somewhat acute when young, obtuse in age; areoles close together,
usually confluent, their wool forming a dense white cushion along the ridge of
each rib; spines at first 5 to 8 (1 central), in old areoles more numerous, 1 cm.
long or less, but in flowering areoles often numerous, bristly and 2 cm. long;
flowers and fruit usually closely set, one above the other, apparently only one
at an areole, but recorded as often geminate, and appearing anywhere along the
ribs from the top downward; flower funnelform, 3 to 4 em. long; tube and
ovary more or less scurfy and with ovate scales subtending bunches of wool
and small spines; fruit globular, about 4 cm. in diameter, not very fleshy, yel-
lowish red within, covered with spines and wool which finally drop off; seeds
numerous, black, somewhat shining, 4 mm. long. ‘ Organo” (Durango, Oaxaca,
San Luis Potosi) ; “ jarritos” (flowers; San Luis Potosi!).
Palmer reports that the flowers are sold in the markets of San Luis Potosi for
the honey which they contain. This species, like many other cacti of similar
habit, is-much planted to form living fences. The straight trunks are placed
closely side by side and form impenetrable barriers, which are characteristic
features of Mexican towns.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 897
8. Pachycereus ruficeps (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 75. 1920.
Pilocereus ruficeps Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 11. 509. 1905.
Cereus ruficeps Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 27. 1913.
Oaxaca and Puelba; type from Tehuacin, Puebla.
Stout, columnar, 15 meters high, from a simple trunk, 30 to 40 cm. in diam-
eter, but branched above; ribs about 26; young spines reddish; radial spines
8 to 10, about 1 ecm. long, rigid, grayish; central spines 1 to 3, the longest 4
to 5 em. long, porrect or deflexed; flowers at the top of the plant, campanulate,
5 em. long, the ovary and tube bearing small chartaceous scales, these with
small tufts of felt and a few yellow bristles in their axils; fruit small, not
edible; seeds small, brownish, shining.
9. Pachycereus columna-trajani (Karw.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 421. 1909.
Cereus columna-trajani Karw.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 76. 1837.
Pilocereus lateribarbatus Pfeiff.; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 672. 1885.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from San Sebastian, Puebla.
Plants erect, stout, up to 15 meters high, 45 to 50 cm. in diameter, often
simple; ribs many, green; areoles oblong, bearing brown felt; radial spines
8 to 10, 12 to 25 mm. long; central spines more elongate, sometimes 16 cm.
long, deflexed; spines all rigid, white or horn-colored except the brown bases
and tips, sometimes said to be soft and erect; flowers described as purple.
“Tetetza’”’ (Oaxaca, Conzatti).
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CEREUS TETAZO Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: .409. 1896. Pilocereus
tetetzo Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 175. 1897. Described from Jalisco.
This species has been referred to the present group, but the ovary is glabrous,
and the fruit fleshy and edible. It should be compared with Cephalocereus
macrocephalus. The names “tetetzo,”’ “tetazo,” ‘cabeza de viejo,” and
“tetecho” are reported for it. The fruits, known as “higos de tetetzo,” are
edible, and are sometimes preserved by drying, and the flowers are said to be
eaten in salads.
9. LEMAIREOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 424. 1909.
Plants usually large, tall, and branching, but rarely low, nearly prostrate,
simple, forming thickets; areoles rather large, felted; spines usually stout and
numerous; flowers diurnal or in some species nocturnal, one at an areole, tubu-
lar-funnelform or campanulate, the short tube tardily separating with the style
from top of the ovary; stamens numerous, borne in many rows all along the
inner surface of the throat; ovary more or less tubercled, bearing scales felted
in the axils, the areoles at first spineless or nearly so, soon developing a
cluster of spines; fruit globular to oval, often edible, irregularly bursting when
old, exposing the seeds, at first very spiny, but when ripe the spines often
deciduous; seeds many, black.
About 10 other species are known, widely distributed in tropical America.
Ribs 5 to 7, separated by broad shallow intervals._-______- 11. L. dumortieri.
Ribs 6 to 20, separated by deep intervals.
Areoles with white, brown, or gray felt, not glandular.
Spines very stout, at first reddish brown or nearly black____7%. L. weberi.
Spines slender, acicular to subulate.
RAIDS! AHOUET ZO Reta Saas Eee ALGO ASE TOI ETS ENT LU i 6. L. treleasei.
898 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Ribs 6 to 12.
Areoles borne on ribs, when these are crenate borne on elevations.
Joints 2reen;< not: SIAUCOUS. a= se ee ne 1. L. hollianus.
Joints glaucous when young, the bloom persistent as whitish
Sir@aks. ale SA ee od oe ee 2. L. pruinosus.
Areoles borne in depressions of the crenate ribs.
Plants bright green.
Ribs 9 to 12; flowers greenish yellow_____________ 8. L. chichipe.
Ribs 7 to 9; flowers rose-colored_____-___-___--__-- 4. L. chende.
Plants; glaucous) 22 = 35 2 ee 5. L. stellatus.
Areoles with dark brown or black felt, glandular.
Ribs 6 to 8.
Seales of the ovary 2 mm. long or less____________ 8. L. queretaroensis.
Seales of the ovary 4 to 6 mm. long_—-__-—~__=______- 9. L. montanus.
ADS V2: TOU e ess so ee an SE ee RE ae ees 10. L. thurberi.
1. Lemaireocereus hollianus (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 425. 1909.
Cereus hollianus Weber; Coulter, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 3: 411. 1896.
Cereus bavosus Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 84. 1897.
Puebla, the type from Tehuacan.
Stem simple or branching only at base, 4 to 5 meters high; ribs 8 to 12,
acute; areoles 1 to 3 cm. apart; spines at first bright red, but soon gray;
radial spines about 12, very unequal, 1 to 3 cm. long, mostly spreading; cen-
trals 3 to 5, swollen at base, unequal, the lower much longer than the others,
sometimes 10 em. long, strongly deflexed; flowers borne at the upper areoles,
10 em. long, white; scales on ovary and flower tube with lanate and bristly
axils; fruit ‘as large as a goose egg,” dark purple to red, covered with clusters
of spines and bristles; seeds black, shining.
Cereus brachiatus Galeotti (Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 195. 1850)
must be very close to L. hollianus if not identical.
2. Lemaireocereus pruinosus (Otto) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 88. 1920.
Echinocactus pruinosus Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 54. 1837.
Cereus pruinosus Otto; Forst. Handb. Cact. 398. 1846.
Cereus laevigatus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 204. 1850.
Oaxaca and elsewhere in south-central Mexico.
Plant usually tall, with a more or less definite trunk; ribs 5 or 6, very high,
separated by broad intervals; spines few, the radial ones 5 to 7, brownish;
central spine solitary, 3 cm. long; flowering areoles large, brown-felted ; flowers
about 9 em. long; upper scales and outer perianth segments 1 cm. long or
less, rounded at apex; inner perianth segments longer and thinner than the
outer ones; ovary with numerous brown-felted areoles; fruit ovoid, spiny, 6
to 7 cm. long.
3. Lemaireocereus chichipe (Goss.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 89. 1920.
Cereus chichipe Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 11: 507. 1905.
Cereus mizxtecensis Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 52. 1909.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cerro Colorado, near Tehuacén, Puebla.
Treelike, up to 5 meters high, with a short trunk 80 to 100 cm. in diameter
and a large, much branched top; branches 9 to 12-ribbed, the ribs undulate,
acutish, 2 em. high; areoles 1 to 1.5 cm. apart; radial spines 6 or 7, 5 to 10
em. long, grayish; central spine 1; flowers small, yellowish green; fruit spiny,
globose, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter, red both within and without; seeds small,
black. ‘“Chichipe,” “ chichibe”; “ chichituna” (fruit).
The fruit is edible, and is sold in the markets.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 899
4, Lemaireocereus chende (Goss.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 90. 1920.
Cereus chende Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 11: 506. 1905.
Cereus delmoralii Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 89. 1909.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cerro Colorado, near Tehuacin, Puebla.
Plant 5 to 7 meters high, with a short indefinite trunk, very much branched
above, forming a large top; branches rather slender, ascending or erect; ribs
7 to 9, rather sharp, areoies on old branches 1.5 cm. apart, on young branches
perhaps closer together, radial spines usually 5, the centrals when present a
little longer than the radials, brown to bright yellow, in age grayish, acicular ;
flowers 3 to 4 ecm. long; fruit said to be deep red, very spiny. ‘‘ Chende,”
“ chente,” ‘ chinoa.”
5. Lemaireocereus stellatus (Pfeiff.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb.
12: 426. 1909.
Cereus stellatus Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 258. 1836.
Cereus dyckii Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 87. 1837.
Cereus tonelianus Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 2: Mise. 68. 1855.
Stenocereus stellatus Riccobono, Boll. Ort. Bot. Palermo 8: 253. 1909.
Oaxaca and elsewhere in southern Mexico.
Plant 2 to 3 meters high, branching at base, rarely branching above, pale
bluish green; ribs 8 to 12, low, obtuse; radial spines 10 to 12; centrals several,
often much longer than the others, sometimes 5 to 6 cm. long; areoles 1 to 2
em. apart; flowers appearing at or near the top of the plant, red, narrowly
campanulate, about 4 cm. long; ovary bearing small scales subtending wool
and bristly spines; fruit red, spiny, globular, about 3 cm. in diameter; spines
deciduous; seeds dull, pitted. ‘‘ Tuna,” ‘ joconostle.”
6. Lemaireocereus treleasei (Vaupel) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 426. 1909.
Cereus treleasei Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 37. 19138.
Oaxaca; type collected between Mitla and Oaxaca.
Plant 5 to 7 meters high, simple or with a few-strict branches; ribs about
20; areoles approximate with a peculiar V-shaped depression just above each
one; spines rather short, yellowish; flowers pinkish, 4 to 5 cm. long, diurnal;
seales on ovary and flower tube subtending slender whitish bristles; fruit red,
about 5 em. in diameter, covered with clusters of deciduous spines; seeds black,
dull, rugose. ‘“ Tunillo.”
7. Lemaireocereus weberi (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 426. 1909.
Cereus weberi Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 410. 1896.
Cereus candelabrum Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 106. 1897.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type collected near Tehuacin, Puebla.
Plant very large, 10 meters high or more, with a trunk short but thick and
often with hundreds of nearly erect branches rising from near the base, dark
bluish green, slightly glaucous; ribs usually 10, rounded; areoles large; radial
spines usually 6 to 12, spreading, more or less acicular, 1 to 2 cm. long;
central spine usually up to 10 em. long, solitary, flattened, often more or less
deflexed, except in the upper areoles, at first brown to blackish, much longer
than the laterals; areoles white-felted; flowers 8 to 10 cm. long; scales on
flower tube narrow, thin, bearing long brown hairs in their axils; inner
perianth segments oblong, 2 cm. long; ovary globular, covered by the dense
brown felt of its areoles; fruit oblong, edible, 6 to 7 cm. long, very spiny,
the spine clusters deciduous in ripening.
Aleocer reports that the seeds are sold in the markets of Tehuacfn, to be
ground and mixed in tortillas
900 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Lemaireocereus queretaroensis (Weber) Safford, Ann. Rept. Smiths. Inst.
1908: pl. 6, f. 2. 1909.
Cereus queretaroensis Weber; Mathsson, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 27. 1891.
Guanajuato, Querétaro, and Jalisco; type from Querétaro.
Plant 3 to 5 meters high, with a short woody trunk, much branched above;
ribs 6 to 8, prominent, obtuse; areoles about 1 cm. apart, large, brown-woolly,
very glandular; spines 6 to 10, at first red, becoming grayish in age, acicular,
rather unequal, sometimes only 15 mm. long, at other times 5 cm. long;
flowers 7 to 8 em. long; ovary with many woolly areoles subtended by ovate
scales 2 mm. long or less; fruit spiny, edible. ‘“‘ Pitahaya.”
9. Lemaireocereus montanus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 97. 1920.
Type from Alamos, Sonora.
Treelike, 6 to 7 meters high, with a definite smooth trunk 1 meter long
or more, with few branches, at first spreading, then nearly erect; ribs usually
8, prominent; areoles 1 to 1.5 em. apart, large, filled with short brown wool;
spines 6 or less, pale, rather stout, one of them longer, sometimes 3 cm. long;
flowers 6 to 7 em. long, opening during the day; outer perianth segments
purplish; scales on ovary ovate, 4 to 6 mm. long, imbricate, acuminate, with
erose margins.
10. Lemaireocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 426. 1909.
Cereus thurberi Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 17: 234. 1854.
Sonora and Baja California; type collected in a canyon near the mountain
pass of Bachuachi, Sonora. Arizona.
Usually without a definite trunk, sending up from the base 5 to 20, or even
more, erect or ascending branches 3 to 7 meters high, 15 to 20 em. in di-
ameter, the basal ones usually simple but occasionally with lateral branches;
ribs 12 to 17, rather low, sometimes 2 cm. high, rounded, separated by narrow
intervals; areoles 10 to 15 or rarely 30 mm. apart, sometimes becoming 1
em. in diameter, circular, brown-felted, more or less glandular, the whole
areole becoming a waxlike mass; spines numerous, acicular to subulate,
unequal, brownish to black, becoming gray in age, the longest sometimes 5
em. long; flowers mostly borne near the top of the stem but sometimes 30
em. below the top, 6 to 7.5 em. long; outer perianth segments broad, reddish,
imbricate, gradually passing into the scales on the tube; inner perianth seg-
ments light purple with nearly white margins, widely spreading or even turned
back at apex, broad, obtuse; ovary tuberculate, bearing small ovate acute
scales, these with white and brown hairs in their axils; fruit globular, 4 to 7.5
cm. in diameter, edible, very spiny, but in age naked, olive without, crimson
within; seeds black, shining, 1.8 to 2 mm. long. “ Pitahaya,” “ pitahaya
dulce.”
The dried stems are often used for fuel. The agreeably flavored fruit is
gathered in large quantities, and sweetmeats are sometimes made from it.
For an illustration of the plant see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 125, A.
It is doubtless this species of which Clavigero (Historia de la California,
1789) writes as follows: “ Nowhere is the pitahayo so luxuriant as in Cali-
fornia * * * Underneath the bark there is about a finger’s breadth of
green and very juicy pulp, and within that a woody tube full of whitish pith
which, when dry, burns well and is used for torches for giving light. Toward
the ends of the branches spring forth beautiful white flowers, spotted with
bright red, but without odor, and these are followed by the fruits, called
pitahayas by the Spaniards, and tammid or dammidé by the Cochimi of Cali-
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 901
fornia. This fruit is round, of the size of a large peach, and is also armed
with spines; at first it is green, but when ripe it turns red or yellow. That
with red rind has pulp of a beautiful blood-red color, and that with yellow
rind has white or yellow pulp. The rind is rather thick but soft and easily
’ separated, and the pulp is sweet, mild, refrigerant, and wholesome. After
the rind is removed the pulp is eaten, along with the seeds, with which it is
filled, which are somewhat like those of the fig, although smaller. The red
pitahayas color the urine like blood, for which reason some strangers who
have eaten them have been much alarmed, thinking that they have broken
a blood vessel. In the southern part of the peninsula the harvest of the sweet
pitahayas begins the first of June, and ends the last of August; in the northern
part it begins later and is most abundant in August; but when there is a
little more rain than usual the harvest is very scant or none at all, for there
is no plant so much injured by dampness as the pitahayo. For harvesting,
the Californians use a stick to one end of which is firmly attached a slender
hook-shaped bone, for pulling off the fruit, and a net in which to catch it
without letting it fall on the ground. After it is gathered, they take off the
spines with a little stick, which is easily done if the fruit is ripe, and then they
peel and eat it; and in this way they go about gathering and eating until
filled, and what is left they take home. During the time of the harvest the
people go all day long over the mountains and plains hunting for ripe pitahayas,
and for them, as we shall see later, this is the happiest season of the year.”
11. Lemaireocereus dumortieri (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 425. 1909.
Cereus dumortieri Scheidw. Hort. Belg. 4: 220. 1837.
Morelos and Hidalgo and elsewhere in central Mexico.
Often treelike, 6 to 15 meters high, the trunk proper short, 60 to 100 ecm.
long, 30 cm. in diameter or more, woody; branches many, erect almost from
the first, with numerous constrictions, very pale bluish green or somewhat
glaucous; ribs generally 6, sometimes 5 or 7, occasionally 9 on very old joints;
areoles elliptic, approximate or often confluent, gray-felted; spines various in
number and in length, 10 to 20 radials, 1 central or more, the longer ones often
4 em. long, all at first straw-colored but in age blackened; flowers 5 cm. long,
the tube and ovary bearing small ovate scales with bunches of felt and occa-
sionally bristles in their axils, the limb about 2.5 em. broad; fruit oblong, 3
to 4 em. long, reddish within, not spiny, its areoles nearly contiguous, felted ;
seeds brownish, 1.5 mm. long, dull, roughened.
Cereus anisacanthus DC. (Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 116. 1828) is doubtfully
referred here by Schumann.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CEREUS CONFORMIS Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 203. 1850. Type from
Mexico.
CEREUS RIGIDISPINUS Monville, Hort. Univ. 1: 228. 1840. Type from Mexico.
Both this and the preceding probably represent species of Lemaireocereus.
10. BERGEROCACTUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 485. 1909.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Bergerocactus emoryi (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12:
435. 1909.
Cereus emoryi Engelm. Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 338. 1852.
Northern Baja California and on the adjacent islands. California.
Branches 20 to 60 em. long, 3 to 6 em. in diameter, entirely covered with
the dense spiny armament; ribs 20 to 25, very low, only a few millimeters high,
902 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
somewhat tuberculate; spines 10 to 30, yellow to yellowish brown, acicular, 1
to 4 em. long; flowers about 2 cm. long and about as broad when expanded;
outer perianth segments obovate, obtuse; inner perianth segments oblong,
about 1 em. long; fruit globose, densely spiny.
11. WILCOXIA Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 434. 1909.
Plants usually low and weak, producing a cluster of dahlia-like roots; stems
very slender, more or less branched, the branches often only the diameter of
a lead pencil; ribs few and low; spines of all the areoles similar; flowers
diurnal, funnelform-campanulate, red or purple, large for the size of the plant,
only 1 from an areole, the tube rather short, its areoles bearing spines or
bristles and wool; areoles of ovary and fruit bearing spines or bristles and
wool; seeds black, the aril large and basal.
The following are all the known species.
Areoles on ovary and flower tube bearing long bristles.
Stems “pubéerulent.—22~ 2) sete a eee 1. W. viperina.
Stems glabrous.
Corolla about 5 em. long; tube indefinite; seeds dull; spine clusters 3
LOmoOminmM: “aparbs= so. See ee ee 2. W. poselgeri.
Corolla 10 to 12 em. long; tube definite; seeds shining; spine clusters
FB CS] £22 rn wie ei 4 te mnie, Ace Agu iat on oy aa aa oetiencen eI as 2 coe 3. W. striata.
Areoles on ovary and lower part of flower tube without long bristles.
4. W. papillosa.
1. Wilcoxia viperina (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:
242. 1913.
Cereus viperinus Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 385. 1904.
Puebla; type from Zapotitlan.
Stems elongate, branching, the largest ones 1 cm. in diameter, becoming
spineless; branches densely velvety-puberulent, 8 mm. in diameter or less;
ribs about 8, inconspicuous; spines about 8, appressed, dark, about 5 mm.
long; flowers red, 3 cm. long; spines of ovary and corolla tube black, bristle-
like, intermixed with long white wool. “ Organito de vibora.”
2. Wilcoxia poselgeri (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:
434. 1909.
Cereus tuberosus Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 185. 1853. Not C. tuberosus
Pfeiff. 1837.
Bchinocereus poselgeri Lem. Cact. 57. 1868.
Cereus poselgeri Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 398. 1896.
Coahuila. Southern Texas.
Roots tuberous, black, several, near the surface of the ground; stems 60
cm. high or less, 6 to 10 mm. thick, with 8 to 10 inconspicuous ribs, the lower
and older parts naked, spiny above, the spines almost hiding the ribs; radial
spines 9 to 12, appressed, 3 to 5 mm. long, delicate, puberulent; central one
ascending, black-tipped, about 1 cm. long, stouter than the radials; flowers
purple or pink, 5 cm. long; spines of ovary and flower tube intermixed with
white hairs; perianth segments linear, acuminate, about 2.5 cm. long, widely
spreading or strongly recurved; seeds pitted or rugose, 8 mm. long. ‘“ Sacasil.”
8. Wilcoxia striata (T. S. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 434. 1909.
Cereus striatus T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 2: 19. 1891.
Cereus diguetii Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 319. 1895.
Baja California and Sonora; type from San José del Cabo, Baja California.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 903
Roots brown, shallow-seated; stem vinelike, very slender, usually with 9
indistinct ribs, grayish; spines about 9, 1.5 to 3 mm. long, acicular, weak, ap-
pressed, brownish, the areoles rather distant; flowers 10 to 12 em. long, purple,
the areoles bearing slender bristle-like spines and long wool; fruit pyriform,
3 to 4 em. long, scarlet, spiny, the spines deciduous; seeds minutely pitted.
“ Pitahayita,” “ sacamatraca,” “saramatraca,” “jarramatraca,” “racamatraca.”
A cloth saturated with the juice of the crushed roots is sometimes applied
to the chest to relieve inflammation of the lungs.
4, Wilcoxia papillosa Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 112. 1920,
Sinaloa, the type from Culiacan.
Tap-root spindle-shaped, fleshy, 4 to 7 cm. long, 2 em. in diameter, giving
off long fibrous roots; stems slender, with few branches, 30 to 40 cm. long,
perhaps longer, 38 to 5 mm. in diameter, glabrous, but the whole surface coy-
ered with minute papillae; ribs low, indistinct, perhaps 3 to 5; areoles small,
distant, 1 to 3 cm long, white-woolly; spines in clusters of 6 to 8, minute,
yellowish brown, bulbose at base, 1 to 3 mm. long; flowers scarlet, 4 to 5 em.
long; scales on ovary and flower tube small, linear-cuspidate, those at the top
of the tube with long white wool and several brown bristles in their axils;
perianth segments 2 em. long. “Cardoncillo.”
12. PENIOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 428. 1909.
Plants low, slender, from an enormous fleshy turnip-shaped root; stems
and branches usually 4 or 5-angled; spines of all the areoles similar; flowers
very large, funnelform, nocturnal, white, the outer segments tinged with red;
tube of flower long, slender, with long hairs in the axils of the upper scales,
but with clusters of spines on the lower part and also on the ovary; fruit
spiny, ovoid, long-pointed, bright red, fleshy; seeds black, rugose.
The genus consists of two species.
Young growth pubescent; seeds dull black_________________._. 1. P. greggii.
Young growth glabrous; seeds shining_____________._ 2. P. johnstonii.
1. Peniocereus greggii (Hngelm.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:
428. 1909.
Cereus greggii Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 102. 1848.
Cereus pottsii Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 208. 1850.
Sonora, Chihuahua, and Zacatecas; type collected near the city of Chihua-
hua. Western Texas to Arizona.
Root often very large, sometimes 60 cm. in diameter, weighing 60 to 125
pounds, usually 15 to 20 cm. long by 5 to 8 em. in diameter; stems 30 cm. to
3 meters high, 2 to 2.5 cm. in diameter, the young parts pubescent; spines
small, blackish; radials 6 to 93 central usually 1, sometimes 2; flower 15 to
20 em. long, the tube slender and terminating in a short funnelform throat,
covered with stamens; inner perianth segments lanceolate, acute, 4 cm. long,
spreading, or the outer ones reflexed; filaments erect, exserted; style slender,
the stigma lobes about 1 cm. long; fruit tuberculate, 12 to 15 em. long, including
the elongate beak. ‘‘ Huevo de venado” (Patoni). .
2. Peniocereus johnstonii Britt. & Rose, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 12: 329.
feeO22:
Baja California, the type from San Josef Island.
Plant climbing or clambering, up to 3 meters long; stems and branches 3
to 5-angled; spines 9 to 12, brown to black; upper radial spines short, stubby,
Swollen at base, nearly black, the two lower light brown, elongate, bristle-like
904 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
reflexed; central spines 1 to 3, subulate, 4 to 8 mm. long; flower 15 cm. long,
the segments about 3 cm. long, the tube slender, with prominent areoles on
knobby projections; fruit 6 cm. long, bearing prominent clusters of black spines.
13. MACHAEROCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 114. 1920.
Plants prostrate or low and bushy, often with long, horizontal or prostrate,
stout branches, very spiny throughout; ribs low; areoles large, felted, spiny;
spines numerous, the centrals flattened and dagger-like; flowers diurnal, 1
at an areole, long, slender, funnelform, the perianth persisting on the fruit;
stamens numerous, borne on the narrow elongate throat; ovary and lower part
of flower tube bearing many small scales, these subtending felted areoles which
afterward bear clusters of spines; fruit globular, edible when young, covered
with clusters of spines, but when fully mature becoming naked; seeds dull
black, somewhat punctate, acute on the back.
Only two species are known.
Plants prostrate, the tips ascending; flowers yellow____-_______ 1. M. eruca.
Plants erect, 1 meter high or less, bushy; flowers purple____2. M. gummosus.
1. Machaerocereus eruca (T. S. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 115.
1920.
Cereus eruca T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 163. 1889.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Island.
Prostrate, except the erect or ascending tips; branches 1 to 3 meters long,
4 to 8 cm. in diameter, usually simple, rooting on the under surface, dying at
the older end and growing forward at the other; sometimes several plants
starting as branches from a common parent as a center and first radiating
out, then dying at the rear; ribs about 12; areoles large, 2 cm. apart; spines
about 20, very unequal, pale gray, the outer ones terete, the inner stout and
flatter, the longest about 3 cm. long; flowers 10 to 12 cm. long; tube about
10 cm. long, nearly 6 mm. in diameter; limb 4 to 6 cm. broad; ovary very
spiny; fruit spiny, 4 cm. long; seeds black. ‘“ Chilenola,” ‘ chirinole.”
2. Machaerocereus gummosus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 116.
1920.
Cereus gummosus Engelm.; T. 8S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 162. 1889.
Cereus cumengei Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 317. 1895.
Cereus fleruosus Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 411. 1896.
Baja California and on the adjacent islands.
Erect or ascending, but usually not a meter high, or with long, spreading,
sometimes prostrate branches, the whole plant sometimes having a spread of
6 to 7 meters; branches 4 to 6 cm. in diameter; ribs usually 8, rarely 9, low
and obtuse; areoles rather large, about 2 em. apart; spines stout, the radials
8 to 12, somewhat unequal, about 1 cm. long; central spines 3 to 6, stout,
flattened, one much longer than the others and about 4 cm. long; flowers 10
to 14 cm. long, the tube long and slender; inner perianth segments 2 to 2.5 em.
long, purple; fruit subglobose, 6 to 8 cm. in diameter, spiny; skin of fruit
bright scarlet; pulp purple; seeds rugose, pitted, 2.5 mm. long. ‘“ Pitahaya,”
“nitahaya agria.”
The fruit is agreeably acid, and is much eaten. The crushed stems are
sometimes thrown in water to stupefy fish. For an illustration of the plant see
Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 126A.
It is apparently of this species that Clavigero writes as follows: ‘“ After
the harvest of the sweet pitahaya [Lemaireocereus thurberi] follows that
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 905
of the sour one, called tajudé by the Cochimi, and this lasts through Septem-
ber and October or, if the season is favorable, even into November. ‘The
branches of this plant also are ridged, spiny, and without leaves, but the
ridges are more ordinary and the spines larger, denser, and stouter. The
branches are straight and parallel like those of the tammid or sweet pitahayo;
but from the trunk they take different directions, without any order or
symmetry and, stretching over the ground, they throw out roots and form
new plants; interlacing with each other, there result thickets which are
unpleasant to look at and impenetrable by animals. The plant differs from
the first kind also in the places in which it grows; for that fruits well
anywhere in the mountains or on the plains, provided it is dry, while this is
found only on the p!ains near the coast, and if plants are found occasionally
in the mountains they are always sterile.”
14, NYCTOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 428. 1909.
Hrect or clambering, slender, sparingly branched cacti, with cylindric ribbed
stems and branches; ribs numerous, low; areoles each bearing a tuft of short
white wool and small radiating acicular bristles or weak spines; flowers
large, white, nocturnal; ovary bearing small scales, short or long wool, and
tufts of weak spines or bristles; perianth funnelform, gradually expand-
ing above, bearing scales and tufts of weak bristles below the middle, above
the middle bearing narrowly lanceolate scales distant from each other and
grading into the blunt outer perianth segments; inner perianth segments
widely spreading, obtuse or acutish; stameus numerous, shorter than the
perianth; style about as long as the stamens; fruit fleshy, scaly, spiny
or bristly; seeds large, black.
Three other species are known, natives of Central America.
Flower tube longer than the limb-----~~-_---~__-_~---- a, ie serpentinus.
Flower tube not longer than the limb_----------------~-_- 2. N. oaxacensis.
1. Nyctocereus serpentinus (Lag. & Rodr.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 423. 1909.
Cactus serpentinus Lag. & Rodr. Anal. Ciene. Nat. Madrid 4: 261. 1801.
Cactus ambiguus Bonpl. Descr. Pl. Rar. 90. 18153.
Cereus serpentinus DC. Prodr. 3: 467. 1828.
Cereus ambiguus DC. Prodr. 3: 467. 1828.
Cereus splendens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 214. 1850.
Mexico, probably native near the eastern coast.
Stems growing in a cluster or clump, at first erect, then clambering through
bushes or over walls or, when without support, creeping or hanging, often
3 meters long, 2 to 5 cm. in diameter; ribs 10 to 13, low and rounded; areoles
close together, felted and with acicular or bristle-like spines; spines about 12,
white to brownish, the tips usually darker, the longest about 3 em. long;
flowers borne at the upper areoles, sometimes terminal, 15 to 19 cm. long,
the limb 8 em. broad; areoles on ovary and fiower tube bristly; inner perianth
segments white, spatulate, obtuse; fruit red, covered with deciduous spines,
4 cm. long; seeds black, 5 mm. long. “Junco espinoso” (Jalisco, Oaxaca) ;
“ sigante’’ (Durango) ; “reina de la noche.”
This species is commonly cultivated for ornament in Mexico and is often
found half wild about houses and in hedges. It is supposed to be a native,
but has not been found really wild in recent years.
906 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Nyctocereus oaxacensis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 120. 1920.
Oaxaca; type from Lagunas, at 255 meters.
Stems branching, slender, 2 to 3 em. in diameter; ribs 7 to 10, rather low;
areoles 10 mm. apart; radial spines 8 to 12, 4 to 15 mm. long, slender, brownish ;
centrals 8 to 5; flowers 8 to 10 cm. long, “ whitish inside, dirty purplish or
reddish outside”; perianth segments linear to oblong, rounded at apex; ovary
densely covered with brownish bristly spines.
15. ACANTHOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 432. 1909.
Weak elongate many-jointed cacti, at first erect but soon clambering or
trailing, the joints usually strongly 3-angled, sometimes 4 or 5-angled, in one
species sometimes 7-angled, the seedlings and juvenile branches not as strongly
angled, with more ribs and with different spines; areoles bearing short wool
or felt and several stiff spines; flowers funnelform, nocturnal, 1 at an areole;
flower tube remaining rigid after anthesis, gradually drying and remaining
on the ripe fruit, green, rather slender, expanded toward the summit, bear-
ing a few areoles similar to those of the branches subtended by small scales;
limb somewhat shorter than the tube, widely expanded; outer perianth seg-
ments narrowly lanceolate to linear, acuminate, green, shorter than the
white inner segments; fruit spiny or naked, with a thick, dark red skin break-
ing irregularly from top downward; flesh red; seeds numerous, black.
Three other species are known, natives of Central and South America.
Ribs usually 3, rarely 4, thick.
Joints 8 to 10 cm. wide, deeply crenate; spines very stout, subulate.
1. A. horridus.
Joints 2 to 8 cm. wide, low-crenate; spines slender.
Spines well developed, subulate--______-___--________ 2. A. pentagonus.
Spines short or none, when present acicular____--____ 3. A. subinermis,
FIPS SetO.e, Wau 2 ee eS se ee ee 4. A. occidentalis.
1. Acanthocereus horridus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 122. 1920.
Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Plants stout, the joints strongly 3-angled or 3-winged, the young growth
5 or 6-angled; areoles large, 3 to 6 em. apart; spines brown or blackish when
young; radial spines 1 to 6, very short, conic, less than 1 cm. long; central
spine usually 1, sometimes 2, often very stout and elongate, sometimes 8 cm.
long; flower 18 to 20 cm. long; tube 4 cm. long, including the funnelform throat
12 em. long; throat 4 cm. broad at mouth; outer perianth segments linear,
brown or greenish, 6 cm. long; inner perianth segments 3 to 4 cm. long; stamens
white; fruit 3.5 cm. long, light red, glossy, covered with large areoles bearing
white felt; skin thick, finally splitting; pulp red.
2. Acanthocereus pentagonus (L.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb.
12: 432. 1909.
Cactus pentagonus L. Sp. Pl. 467. 1753.
Cactus pitajaya Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 23. 1761.
Cereus pentagonus Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 180. 1812.
Cactus prismaticus Willd. Enum. Pl. Suppl. 32. 1813.
Cereus prismaticus Haw. Suppl. Pl. Suce. 77. 1819.
Cereus pitajaya DC. Prodr. 3: 466. 1828.
?Cereus undulatus DC. Prodr. 3: 467. 1828.
Cereus acutangulus Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 107. 1837.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 907
Cereus princeps Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 108. 1837.
Cereus ramosus Karw.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 108. 1837.
Cereus baxaniensis Karw.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 109. 1837.
Cereus nitidus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 211. 1850.
Cereus sirul Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 384. 1904.
Eastern coast of Mexico. Texas, Central America, northern South America,
and Guadeloupe.
Stem clambering, usually 2 to 3 or sometimes 7 meters high. but when
growing in the open more or less arched and rooting at the tip, then making
other arches and thus forming large colonies; old trunk becoming nearly
round, 5 cm. in diameter or more; joints 3 to 8 em. broad, 3 to 5-angled, low-
crenate; juvenile growth nearly terete, with 6 to 8 low ribs, approximate are-
oles, and numerous short acicular spines; areoles on normal branches 3 to 5
cm. apart; spines acicular or gray, subulate; radials at first 6 or 7, 1 to 4 em.
long; central spine often solitary, longer than the radials; spines of old are-
oles often as many as 12, of which several are centrals; flowers 14 to 20 cm.
long; tube and ovary bearing conspicuous areoles with brown felt and sev-
eral subulate spines; outer perianth segments green; inner perianth segments
white, acuminate; fruit oblong, red, edible; cotyledons broadly ovate, 5 to 8
mm. long, thick, united at base, gradually passing below into the spindle-
shaped hypocotyl. ‘“ Pitahaya,” “ pitahaya naranjada,” “ pitahaya morada.”?
8. Acanthocereus subinermis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 125. 1920.
Type collected between Mitla and Oaxaca, State of Oaxaca.
Plants 1 meter high or higher; joints stout, 5 to 7 cm. broad, strongly 3
or 4-angled, bright green, somewhat shining, usually short; areoles 5 to 4 cm.
apart; spines either wanting or short, when present 6 to 10 at an areole, acicu-
lar, usually less than 1.5 cm. long; flowers 15 to 22 cm. long; outer perianth
segments narrow, reddish, acute; inner perianth segments white; areoles of
ovary and flower tube somewhat spiny; fruit globular to short-oblong, 4 em.
long, dull red.
4, Acanthocereus occidentalis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 125. 1920.
Sinaloa, the type from San Blas.
Stems rather weak, forming dense thickets; branches slender, 4 to 5 cm.
in diameter, 3 to 5-angled, dull green, often bronzed; margins of ribs slightly
sinuate; areoles 1 to 3 cm. apart, filled with short brown wool; spines nu-
merous, nearly equal, yellowish, acicular, up to 7 cm. long; flowers 14 to 18
em. long. ;
16. HELIOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb, 12: 127. 1909.
Stems usually weak, procumbent or climbing over rocks and bushes, in
cultivation often bushy and erect; branches strongly angled or ribbed; ribs
or angles usually 3 or 4, sometimes up to 7; spines of all areoles similar;
flowers diurnal, large, funnelform, only 1 at an areole, usually scarlet, some-
*The name “pitahaya” (also written “ pitajaya,” and “pitaya”) is gen-
erally employed in Mexico for fruits of cacti of the Cereus alliance. Accord- -
ing to Orozeo y Berra, the Nahuatl name for plants of this group is “ tzapo-
aochtli.” Buelna reports the Otomi name as “bazttu”’; and Asiain the Huastec
aames as ‘“ ocomtzatza” and “tzalza.” The name of the State of the Sinaloa
4s said to be derived from two Indian words, “ sina,’ pitahaya, and “ lobala,”
¢eound.
908 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
times white; tube short but definite; inner perianth segments elongate;
stamens numerous, declined; ovary spiny.
One other species is known, a native of Guatemala.
Flowers red.
Inner perianth segments acuminate.
Style not longer than the stamens________________ 1. H. elegantissimus.
Style definitely longer than the stamens______________ 2. H. schrankii.
Inner perianth segments apiculate, rounded or abruptly tipped.
38. H. speciosus.
IG Wers AaWwDite! ana e Beles 6 yt go te ep el ore heist 4, H. amecamensis.
1. Heliocereus elegantissimus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 127. 1920.
Cereus coccineus Salm-Dyck; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 122. 1837. Not C. coccineus
DC. 1828.
Native of Mexico.
Stems at first erect, low, 10 to 20 cm. high; branches often decumbent,
light green, 3 to 5 em. broad, mostly 3 or 4-angled; ribs strongly undulate;
areoles large, 1.5 to 2 em. apart, yellow-felted; spines acicular, 1 cm. long or
less, the radial ones bristly and white, the inner stiff and recurved; flowers
searlet, 10 to 15 em. broad; perianth segments lanceolate, acuminate, 7 cm.
long or less; ovary 3 to 4 em. long, oblong, with a few scattered spreading
scales.
2. Heliocereus schrankii (Zuce.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:
434. 1909.
Cereus schrankii Zuce.; Seitz, Allg. Gartenz. 2: 244. 1834.
Type from Zimapéin, Hidalgo.
Stems ascending, branching; joints 1 to 2 em. broad, 3 or 4-angled, some-
what winged, when young reddish, in age green; areoles 1.5 to 2 cm. apart,
somewhat elevated; spines 6 to 8, acicular, white when young, yellowish brown
in age; flowers dark red, 14 ecm. broad; ovary oblong, 4 cm. long, spiny.
8. Heliocereus speciosus (Cav.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12:
434. 1909.
Cactus speciosus Cay. Anal. Cienc. Nat. Madrid 6: 339. 1808.
Cactus speciosissinus Desf. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 193. 1817.
Cereus bifrons Haw. Suppl. Pl. Suce. 76. 1819.
Cereus speciosissinus DC. Prodr. 3: 468. 1828.
Cereus speciosus Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 364: 179. 1894.
Not C. speciosus Sweet, 1826.
Region of the City of Mexico and elsewhere in central Mexico. Reported
from Central America.
Stems clambering or hanging, strongly 3 to 5-ribbed; old parts bright green,
young parts reddish; ribs strongly undulate; areoles often 3 cm. apart, usually
large, with felt and acicular spines; spines numerous, yellow or brownish in
age, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; flowers scarlet, 15 to 17 cm. long, lasting for several
days; perianth segments oblong, 10 to 12 em. long, with rounded, often apicu-
late tips; ovary bearing scattered minute scales; fruit ovoid, 4 to 5 em. long.
“Santa Marta,” “ xoalacatl” (Ramirez).
4. Heliocereus amecamensis (Heese) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 129. 1909.
Cereus amecamensis Heese; Rother, Prakt. Ratgeb. 11: 442. 1896.
Cereus amecaensis Heese, Gartenwelt 1: 317. 1897.
Central Mexico; type from Amecameca, State of Mexico.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 909
Plant pale green when young, similar to H. speciosus in habit and spines;
ribs 3 to 5; flower 11 cm. long, 8 to 12.5 cm. in diameter; flower tube 3.5 cm.
long, 1 cm. in diameter, green, with green scales and whitish bristles; outer pe-
rianth segments yellowish green, grading into oblanceolate white inner seg-
ments, 7 cm. long, 2 em. wide; ovary cylindric, 6 mm. long.
17. CARNEGIEA Britt. & Rose, Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9: 187. 1908.
A single species is known.
1. Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 9:
188. 1908. 3
Cereus giganteus Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 159. 1848.
Pilocereus engelmannii Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 9: Mise. 97. 1862.
Sonora. Southern Arizona and California; type from the Gila River, Ari-
zona.
Stem simple and upright, up to 12 meters high, or with one or two lateral
branches, sometimes with 8 to 12 branches, the branches 30 to 65 em. in diam-
eter; ribs 12 to 24, obtuse, 1 to 3 em. high; areoles about 2.5 em. apart or
nearly contiguous on the upper part of the plant, densely brown-felted ; spines
of two kinds, those at the top of flowering plants acicular, yellowish brown,
porrect, those of sterile plants and on the lower parts of flowering plants more
or less subulate, the central one stouter than the radials, often 7 cm. long;
flowers 10 to 12 cm. long, sometimes nearly as broad as long when fully ex-
panded; tube about 1.5 em. long, green, its scales broad and short, white-
felted in their axils; throat about 3 ecm. long, covered with numerous white
stamens; style stout, 5 to 6 em. long, white or cream-colored; ovary some-
what tuberculate, bearing scales with woolly axils; ovules numerous; berry
red or purple, obtuse, 6 to 9 em. long, edible, its few distant scales ovate,
2 to 4 mm. long, with or without 1 to 3 short acicular spines in their axils.
“Pitahaya,” “saguaro,” ‘“sahuaro” (sometimes variously written suwarrow,
suwarro, suaharo, suguaro).
This is the state flower of Arizona. It is a very abundant and conspicuous
plant in the southern part of that State and in northern Sonora.*’ The dried
woody ribs of the stems were used by the Indians for lances and for the frame-
work of huts. The fruit was an important article of food among all the
Indians of the region. It was eaten raw or cooked and was sometimes dried
and preserved for winter use. From it, there was prepared a thick syrup
which was employed for sweetening other food, and also an intoxicating
beverage. The seeds contain much oil, and by the Papagos they were ground
into a paste which was spread like butter upon tortillas. They were also
eaten raw or ground and made into pinole. The seeds were sometimes collected
and eaten after having passed through the body, a practice that was followed
also by some of the Californian Indians in the case of Opuntia seeds.
18. RATHBUNIA Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 169. 1909.
Rather slender cacti, simple or bushy, the stems and branches weak, erect or
bent; ribs 4 to 8, prominent; spines subulate, those of the flowering areoles
not differing from the others; flowers diurnal, scarlet, solitary, usually at the
upper areoles, narrowly tubular, the tube bearing distant long scales and
+See D. T. MacDougal, The suwarro, or tree cactus. Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard.
6: 129-133. f. 31, 32. 1905.
T9688—24—_5
910 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
united with it except at the tip, elongate, at first straight, or in age somewhat
curved, the limb more or less oblique; perianth segments short, spreading or
reflexed; filaments exserted; style slender, exserted beyond the tube; stigma
lobes narrow; ovary with small scales bearing short felt and sometimes spines
in their axils; fruit capped by the withered flower, spiny or becoming smooth,
globular; seeds of the typical species black, compressed, minutely pitted, with a
large basal oblique hilum.
Only two species are known.
Ribs pstows flowers 4,10, 10 cm Jdong=2 eS es ee 1. R. alamosensis.
Ribs "4: nowers' @2 en slong she ee ee eee. 2. R. kerberi.
1. Rathbunia alamosensis (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb.
12: 415. 1909.
Cereus alamosensis Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 406. 1896.
Cereus sonorensis Riinge; Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 11: 135. 1901.
Cereus pseudosonorensis Giirke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 147. 1910.
Sonora to Tepic; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Columnar, 2 to 8 meters high, at first erect but generally finally bent or
curved, 8 em. thick or less, rooting at or near the tip and thus forming new
plants; ribs 5 to 8, obtuse; radial spines 11 to 18, spreading, straight, whitish;
centrals 1 to 4, much stouter than the radials, 3 to 5 cm. long, porrect or as-
cending; flowers scarlet, 4 to 10 em. long; scales on ovary small, acute or ob-
tuse, with a small tuft of felt and a few bristle-like spines in the axils,
those on the flower tube with a tuft of felt and sometimes with a spine; tube
proper 1.5 em. long; ovary tuberculate; fruit red, globular, 3 to 4 cm. in
diameter, naked or bearing scattered clusters of 5 or 6 white acicular spines.
“ Sina,” - “ cina.”
2. Rathbunia kerberi (Schum.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat.. Herb. 12:
415. 1909.
Cereus kerberi Schumh. Gesamtb. Kakt. 89. 1897.
Cleistocactus kerbevi Goss. Bull. Mens. Soc. Nice 44: 33. 1904.
Type from Volcin de Colima.
Columnar, somewhat branched, 2 meters high; ribs 4, compressed; radial
spines about 16, subulate; central spines 4, stouter than the radials, 4.5 cm.
long; flowers 12 cm. long; outer perianth segments linear-lanceolate, rose-
colored, reflexed; stamens exserted; scales on the ovary lanate in the axils.
19. LOPHOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 426. 1909.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Lophocereus schottii (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 427. 1909.
Cereus schottii Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 288. 1856.
Cereus sargentianus Orcutt, Gard. & For. 4: 436. 1891.
Cereus palmeri Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 401. 1896.
Sonora and Baja California; type collected near Magdalena, Sonora.
Southern Arizona.
Usually branching only at base, forming large clumps sometimes with
as many as 50 or even 100 upright or ascending stems, 1 to 7 meters high;
ribs usually 5 to 7, sometimes 9, separated by broad intervals; bristles of
the flowering areoles numerous, straight, finely acicular, gray, 6 cm. long
or less; flowerless areoles smaller, little felted, with 3 to 7 short subulate
spreading radial spines swollen at base and 1 or 2 central ones a little longer
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 911
and stouter; flowers 3 to 4 em. long; style, stigma lobes, and filaments whitish ;
fruit 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, usually naked, rarely spiny; seeds 2.5 mm. long.
“Cina,” ‘zina,’ ‘“sinita” (Sonora); “hombre viejo,” ‘‘ cabeza de viejo,’”
“pitahaya barbona,” “ garambullo,” ‘‘ cabeza vieja” (Baja California).
The fruit is edible. For an illustration of the plant see Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 16: pl. 125, B.
20. MYRTILLOCACTUS Console, Boll. Ort. Bot. Palermo 1: 8. 1897.
Large cacti, usually with short trunks and large, much branched tops,
the stout few-ribbed branches nearly erect, all the areoles bearing the same
kind of spines; flowers diurnal, very small, several, sometimes as many as
9 at an areole, with very short tube and widely spreading perianth segments;
ovary bearing a few minute scales with tufts of wool in their axils, spineless;
fruit small, globular, edible; seed very small, black, with basal hilum.
One other species occurs in Guatemala.
Young branches very blue; central spine elongate, reflexed, dagger-like.
1. M. geometrizans.
Young branches green; central spine not dagger-like.
Spines usually 3 to 5, with no definite central spine, or this, if present,
VEL VE STLOL Teaco a ne een eneeeatre Obie susie We ad Pe ih meanren Mees a 2. M. cochal.
Spines 6 or more, with definite central spine____________ 3. M. schenckii.
1. Myrtillocactus geometrizans (Mart.) Console, Boll.-Ort. Bot. Palermo 1:
10. 1897.
Cereus geometrizans Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 90. 1837.
Cereus pugioniferus Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 30. 1838.
Cereus gladiator Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 34. 1838.
San Luis Potosi to Oaxaca.
Treelike, with a short definite trunk crowned by a large, much branched
top; branches often a little curved, bluish green, usually 5 or 6-ribbed, 6 to
10 cm. in diameter, very blue when young; ribs 2 to 3 em. high, rounded; are-
oles 2 to 3 cm. apart; radial and central spines very different, almost filling
the areoles; radial spines usually 5, rarely 8 or 9, usually short, 2. to 10 mm.
long, but sometimes 3 em. long, more or less turned backward, a little flattened
radially but swollen at base; central spine elongate, dagger-shaped, flattened
laterally, 1 to 7 em. long and sometimes 6 mm. broad; flowers appearing from
the upper part of the areole, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. broad, the limb 3 to 4 times as long
as the tube; perianth segments oblong, 1.5 em. long; fruit ellipsoid to sub-
globose, purplish or bluish, 1 to 2 em. long. ‘ Garambullo” (Durango, Hi-
dalgo) ; “Padre Nuestro” (Oaxaca).
The fruit is edible and is offered for sale, both fresh and dried, in the
markets.
2. Myrtillocactus cochal (Orcutt) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12:
427. 1909.
Cereus cochal Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 6: 29. 1889.
Baja California, the type from Bahia de Todos Santos.
Plant 1 to 3 meters high, much branched; trunk short, woody, sometimes
30 cm. in diameter; ribs 6 to 8, obtuse, separated by shallow intervals; spines
grayish to black; radial spines 5, short; central spines when present 2 cm.
long; flowers open night and day, 2.5 cm. long and fully as broad; perianth
segments usually 16, light green, the outer ones tinged with purple, oblong;
fruit slightly acid, globular, 12 to 18 mm. in diameter, red. ‘“Cochal.”
The fruit is edible, and the stems are used for fuel.
912 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
38. Myrtillocactus schenckii (Purpus) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 427. 1909.
Cereus schenckii Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 38. 1909.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Sierra de Mixteca, Puebla.
Treelike, 3 to 5 meters high, with a very stout trunk and many short ascend-
ing branches, dark green; areoles circular, crowded with black felt, about 5
mm. apart; radial spines 6 to 8, straight, 5 to 12 mm. long, black or brownish;
central spine 1, usually 2 cm. long, sometimes 5 cm. long; fruit oblong, 10 to
15 mm. long, naked; seeds black, pitted. ‘‘ Vichishovo” (Conzaiti).
21. HYLOCEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 428. 1909.
Climbing cacti, often epiphytic, with elongate stems normally 3-angled or
8-winged, and branches emitting aerial roots, the areoles bearing a tuft of
felt and several short spines, or spineless in one species; areoles on seedlings
and juvenile growths often bearing bristles; flowers very large, nocturnal,
funnelform, the limb as broad as long and as long as the tube or longer;
ovary and tube bearing large foliaceous scales but no spines, felt, wool, or
hairs; outer perianth segments similar to the scales on the tube but longer;
petaloid perianth segments narrow, acute or acuminate, mostly white, rarely
red; stamens very many, in two series, equaling or shorter than the style;
style cylindric, rather stout and thick, the linear stigma lobes numerous,
simple or branched; fruit spineless but with several or many persistent
foliaceous scales, mostly large and edible; seeds small, black.
Numerous other species are found in tropical America.
Stems bluish or more or less whitened or gray.
Spines: short, conic: ——-— ee 1. H. purpusii.
Spines} aciculars22<1 2 S-s224 . 2 Soe 2 eas ee ee 2. H. ocamponis.
Stems? brishivereen: = 2s =a Se eee ee 3. H. undatus.
1. Hylocereus purpusii (Weing.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 184. 1920.
Cereus purpusii Weing. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 150. 1909.
Lowlands of western Mexico, the type from Tuxpan.
Stems bluish, climbing, elongate, epiphytic; ribs 3 or 4, with horny margins
only slightly undulate; areoles small; spines 3 to 6, short; flowers 25 cm. long
and nearly as broad when fully expanded; outer perianth segments narrow,
purplish; middle perianth segments golden; inner perianth segments broad,
white except at the golden tips.
2. Hylocereus ocamponis (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 429. 1909.
Cereus ocamponis Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 220. 1850.
Perhaps native of Mexico; original locality either Mexico or Colombia;
specimens closely related but probably distinct have been collected in Sinaloa.
Stems strongly 3-angled, at first bright green, soon glaucous, dull bluish
green in age; ribs rather deeply undulate, their margins with a horny brown
border; areoles 2 to 4 cm. apart, borne near the bottom of each undulation;
spines 5 to 8, acicular, 5 to 12 mm. long; flowers 25 to 30 cm. long and fully
as broad; outer perianth segments narrow, long-acuminate, greenish, spreading
or reflexed, the inner oblong, acuminate, white; ovary covered with imbricate
ovate acute purplish-margined scales.
ee Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. & Rose; Britton, Fl. Bermuda 256. 1918.
Cereus undatus Haw. Phil. Mag. 7: 110. 1830.
Cereus tricostatus Goss. Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54: 664. 1907.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 913
Widely cultivated in Mexico and often naturalized. Native country not
known, but widely distributed in cultivation in the tropics; originally de-
scribed from Chinese plants.
Stem long, clambering over bushes and trees or creeping up the sides of
walls; ribs mostly 3, broad, thin, green; margin usually strongly undulate,
more or less horny in age; areoles 3 to 4 cm. apart; spines 1 to 3, small, 2
to 4 mm. long; flowers up to 29 cm. long or more; outer perianth segments
yellowish green, all turned back, some strongly reflexed; inner perianth seg-
ments pure white, erect, broad, oblanceolate, entire, with apiculate tips; fruit
oblong, 10 to 12 cm. in diameter, red, covered with large foliaceous scales, or
nearly smooth when mature; seeds black. ‘“ Pitahaya” (Jalisco, Yucatin,
Costa Rica, El Salvador, Porto Rico); “pitahaya orejona” (Oaxaca, Reko) ;
“tasajo” (Durango, Patoni); “junco,”’ “juco tapatio” (Conzatti); “ cha-
coub,” “ zacoub ” (Yucatan) ; ‘ caliz” (Philippines).
This species has often been reported from Mexico as Cereus triangularis
(a species known only from Jamaica) and as C. trigonus. The large fruit is of
excellent quality and is much eaten. Grosourdy reports that the juice of the
stems is acrid and caustic and is employed externally and internally as a
vermicide, although internal use is dangerous. The plant is the best known
of all the night-blooming cereuses, and produces very showy flowers.
22. SELENICEREUS Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 429. 1909.
Slender, trailing, climbing or clambering, elongate cacti, fhe joints ribbed or
angled, irregularly giving off aerial roots; areoles small, sometimes elevated
on small knobs, bearing small spines or in one species spineless; flowers large,
often very large, nocturnal; flower tube elongate, somewhat curved; scales of
ovary and flower tube small, usually with long felt, hairs, and _ bris-
tles in their axils; upper scales and outer perianth segments similar, nar-
row, greenish, brownish, or orange; inner perianth segments broad, white,
usually entire; filaments elongate, weak, numerous, in two clusters distinctly
separated, one cluster forming a circle at top of flower tube, the other scattered
over the long slender throat; style elongate, thick, often hollow; stigma lobes
slender, numerous, entire; fruit large, reddish, covered with clusters of decid-
uous spines, bristles, and hairs.
Several other species occur in tropical America.
Areoles of flower tube and ovary without long hairs.
Spines of the branch areoles acicular______________________ 7. S. vagans.
Spines of the branch areoles short, conic.
Ribs 7 or 8, obtuse; spines from areoles on ovary 1 to 3____8. S. murrillii.
Ribs 4 to 6, acute; spines from areoles on ovary 10 or more.
9. S. spinulosus.
Areoles of flower tube and ovary bearing long hairs.
Branches with a stout deflexed spur under each areole____6. S. hamatus.
Branches not spurred.
Spines of branch areoles acicular.
Hairs of flower areoles tawny or whitish____________ 1. S. grandiflorus.
Hairs of flower areoles bright white__________________ 2. S. coniflorus.
Spines of branch areoles short, conic.
Branches 9 or 10-ribbed; branch areoles with many appressed hairs.
3. S. donkelaarii,
Branches 4 to 6-ribbed; young branch areoles with few long hairs.
Stems estOutsrombor orem. til@kes ssn eee wee ee 4. S. pteranthus.
Stems slenderwltortOns «eils ThiCke. = 2s ses ees 5. S. boeckmannii.
914 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Selenicereus grandifiorus (L.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 480. 1909.
Cactus grandiflorus L. Sp. Pl. 467. 1758.
Cereus grandifiorus Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cerews no. 11. 1768.
Commonly cultivated in Mexico, and elsewhere in tropical regions. Native
of Jamaica and Cuba.
Stems clambering, often 2.5 cm. in diameter, green or bluish green; ribs
usually 7 or 8, sometimes fewer, low, separated by broad rounded intervals;
spines acicular, 1 cm. long or less, yellowish brown or brownish, in age gray,
intermixed with the numerous whitish hairs; flower buds covered with tawny
hairs; flowers about 18 cm. long; outer perianth segments narrow, salmon-
colored; inner perianth segments white, acute, entire; fruit ovoid, 8 em. long.
“Organillo” (Tamaulipas); “reina de la noche”; “gigante’” (Durango) ;
“reina de las flores” (Porto Rico).
This is a well-known night-blooming cereus, often cultivated for its hand-
some fragrant flowers. The fruit is edible. The flowers and stems contain
several acrid principles,-including probably an alkaloid and a glucoside, to
one of which the name cactine has been given. The drug obtained from the
plant has an action similar to that of digitalis, and is used also in the treat-
ment of rheumatism.
2. Selenicereus coniflorus (Weing.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 199. 1909. ,
Cereus conifiorus Weing. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 118. 1904.
Selenicereus pringlei Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 431. 1909.
Cereus jalapensis Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 26. 1913.
Bastern Mexico, especially in Veracruz.
Stems high-climbing, giving off numerous aerial roots, pale green, becoming
purplish along the ribs, 5 or 6-ribbed; intervals between the ribs either de-
pressed or shallow; margins of the ribs slightly wavy to strongly knobby ;
spines acicular, pale yellow, the radials 4 to 6, with 1 central, porrect, 1 to
1.5 em. long; bristles from the lower part of areoles 2, reflexed; buds globular,
covered with white hairs; flowers 22 to 25 ecm. long; outer perianth segments
linear, light orange or bronze to lemon-yellow; inner perianth segments pure
white, apiculate; scales on ovary and flower tube linear, reddish, their axils
bearing white hairs and spines; fruit globose, about 6 cm. in diameter.
The plant is reported to have been gathered in large quantities in Veracruz
and shipped to the United States for use in the preparation of medicine.
8. Selenicereus donkelaarii (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 200.
1920.
Cereus donkelaarii Salm-Dyck, Allg..Gartenz. 13: 355. 1845.
Yucatan.
Stems elongate, creeping or ascending, 8 meters long or more, slender, about
1 em. thick; ribs 9 to 10, obtuse, often indistinct; spines in clusters of 10 to
15, the radials 3 to 4 mm. long, setaceous, appressed; central spines 1 or
several, 1 to 2 mm. long; flowers 18 cm. long, the slender tube 6 to 7 cm.
long; outer perianth segments reddish, linear; inner perianth segments white,
entire, 6 to 8 em. long, about 1 cm. wide, acuminate.
4. Selenicereus pteranthus (Link & Otto) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 431. 1909.
Cereus pteranthus Link & Otto, Allg. Gartenz. 2: 209. 1834.
Cereus nycticallus Link; Dietr. Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 10:
372. 1834.
Cereus brevispinulus Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 339. 1834.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 915
Mexico, but known only from cultivated plants or from plants escaped from
gardens.
Stems stout, often 3 to 5 cm. in diameter, bluish green to purple, strongly
4 to 6-angled; ribs of young branches sometimes 2 to 3 mm. high; spines 1 to 4,
1 to 3 mm. long, dark, conic; flowers 25 to 30 cm. long, very fragrant, the tube
and throat 18 cm. long, swollen above, 5 cm. in diameter; outer perianth seg-
ments linear, 12 em. long; inner perianth segments white, spatulate-oblong, 3
to 4 em. broad above, acuminate; tube proper about 2 cm. long, yellow within;
ovary covered with long white silky hairs and bristles, 10 to 12 mm. long;
fruit globular, red, 6 to 7 cm. in diameter.
5. Selenicereus boeckmannii (Otto) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 429. 1909.
Cereus boeckmannii Otto; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 217. 1850.
Cereus irradians Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 11: Misc. 74. 1864.
Cereus vaupelii Weing. Monatsschr. Kakateenk. 22: 106. 1912.
Eastern Mexico. Cuba and Hispaniola.
Stems light green, 1 to 2 em. in diameter, strongly angled; ribs 3 to 8,
slightly if at all undulating; areoles at first brownish but white in age; spines
and hairs in the areoles at first purplish, the spines 8 to 6, becoming yellowish,
2 mm. long or less; flowers not fragrant, 24 to 39 cm. long; outer perianth
segments and scales linear, brownish; inner perianth segments oblanceolate,
10 cm. long by 3 cm. broad at widest place, pure white; tube and throat 14
em. long, bearing scattered short linear acute reddish scales, their axils bear-
ing long brown silky hairs and brown bristles; ovary strongly tuberculate;
fruit globular, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter.
&. Selenicereus hamatus (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb.
12: 203. 1909.
Cereus hamatus Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 5: 371. 1837.
Cereus rostratus Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 29. 1838.
Southern and eastern Mexico.
Stem bright green, long and clambering, the branches strongly 4-angled,
rarely 3-angled, about 1.5 em. thick; areoles with spines and black wool, re-
mote, at the upper edges of knobby projections, these often forming obtuse
deflexed spurs about 1 em. long; spines on juvenile plants bristle-like, white, on
old branches fewer, stouter, brown or black; flower 20 to 25 cm. long; upper
seales dark green, tinged with red; outer perianth segments pale green, nar-
row, about 8 cm. long; inner perianth segments broad, white; flower tube 10
em. long, 22 mm. in diameter, its areoles long-hairy.
7. Selenicereus vagans (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 205. 1920.
Cereus vagans K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 191. 1904.
Cereus longicaudatus Weber; Goss. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 384. 1904.
Western coast of Mexico; type from Mazatlan, Sinaloa.
Stems creeping over rocks, often forming large clumps, more or less rooting,
1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter; ribs about 10, low; areoles 1 to 1.5 cm. apart; spines
acicular, numerous, less than 1 cm. long, brownish yellow; flower 15 cm. long;
tube, including throat, about 9 cm. long, slightly curved, brownish, with small
scattered scales bearing clusters of 5 to 8 acicular spines in their axils; throat
Marrow, 5 cm. long; outer perianth segments linear, brownish to greenish
white, 6 cm. long; inner perianth segments white, oblanceolate, 6 cm. long,
with short acuminate tips, the margins undulate or toothed, especially above;
ovary covered with acicular spines.
916 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Selenicereus murrillii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 206. 1920.
Type from Colima.
A slender vine 6 meters long or more, 8 mm. in diameter, dark green, the
ribs more or less purplish; ribs 7 or 8, low, obtuse, separated by broad inter- |
vals; areoles 1 to 2 cm. apart, small, bearing white wool and minute spines;
spines 5 or 6, the two lower ones reflexed, 1 to 2 cm. long, the others
conic, greenish to black; flower 15 cm. long, the tube and throat 6 cm. long,
bearing a few slightly elevated areoles, these white-felted and bearing 1 or 2
minute spines; outer perianth segments greenish yellow, linear to linear-
lanceolate, acute, the inner pure white, broadly spatulate, obtuse; ovary bear-
ing numerous rather large areoles, these white-felted and with 1 to 3 short
spines but no long hairs.
9. Selenicereus spinulosus (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
12: 431. 1909.
Cereus spinulosus DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828.
Tamaulipas and elsewhere in eastern Mexico. Southern Texas.
Stems clambering, 2 to 4 meters long, 1 to 2 ecm. in diameter, producing
numerous aerial roots, light green, somewhat shining, usually angled but
sometimes nearly terete; ribs 4 to 6, or sometimes more; spines very short,
yellowish or becoming blackish; radial spines 5 or 6, with 2 reflexed bristles
at base of the areole; central spine 1, rarely 2, on juvenile branches more
numerous and more acicular, white; flower 12 to 14 cm. long; tube about 5 cm.
long, with a few clusters of small spines; outer perianth segments narrowly
oblong, 5 to 6 em. long, acute, spreading; inner perianth segments pinkish to
white, narrowly oblong, acute; ovary covered with clusters of spines similar
to those on the tube.
23. DEAMIA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 212. 1920.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Deamia testudo (Karw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 213. 1920.
Cereus testudo Karw.; Zuce. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 682. 1837.
Cereus pterogonus Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 59. 1839.
Cereus pentapterus Otto; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 221. 1850.
Cereus miravallensis Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 459. 1902.
Veracruz and elsewhere in southern Mexico. Central America and Colombia.
Stems and joints various, 3 to 10 cm. broad, or perhaps even more; ribs
thin, winglike, 1 to 3 em. high; areoles 1 to 2 cm. apart or on juvenile
growth much closer; spines spreading, 10 or more, 1 to 2 cm. long, brownish ;
flowers 28 cm. long, with a long slender tube 10 em. long expanding into
a broad throat nearly as long as the tube; inner perianth segments linear-
oblong, acuminate, 8 to 10 cm. long; stamens numerous; style slender, 24
to 25 em. long; stigma lobes linear, numerous; scales on ovary 1 mm. long
or less; hairs on ovary and flower tube brown, 1 to 3 cm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CEREUS ACANTHOSPHAERA Weing. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 81. 1914. Type
from Rio de Santa Maria, Veracruz. Perhaps a species of Deamia.
24. APOROCACTUS Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 7: Misc. 67. 1860.
Slender vinelike cacti, creeping or clambering, sending out aerial roots freely,
day-blooming; flowers rather small, one at an areole, funnelform, pink to
red, the tube nearly straight, or bent just above the ovary, the limb some-
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 917
what oblique; outer perianth segments linear, spreading or recurved, scat-
tered; inner perianth segments broad, more compact than the outer ones;
stamens exserted, in a single, somewhat 1-sided cluster; filaments all along
the throat; tube proper about the length of the narrow throat; fruit globose,
small, reddish, setose; seeds few, reddish brown, obovate.
The species here listed are the only ones known.
Flowers strongly bent just above the ovary.
Branches very slender > rip’ (ar Silo. ss AS ee 1. A. leptophis.
Branches stouter; ribs 10 to 12.
Outer perianth segments narrow, the inner ones apiculate.
2. A. flagelliformis.
Outer perianth segments oblong, the inner ones acuminate.
3. A. flagriformis.
Flowers nearly straight.
Inneryperianth seements acute 22a. fa ee ee 4, A. conzattii.
Inner perianth segments acuminate__________________ 5. A. martianus.
1. Aporocactus leptophis (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12:
435. 1909.
Cereus leptophis DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828.
Native of Mexico.
Often creeping; branches cylindric, 8 to 10 mm. thick, rather strongly 7
or 8-ribbed; ribs obtuse, somewhat repand; areoles velvety, with 12 or 13
rigid setaceous spines; perianth segments narrowly oblong, 2 to 3 em. long,
about 6 mm. wide.
2. Aporocactus flagelliformis (L.) Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 7: Mise. 68. 1860.
Cactus flagelliformis L. Sp. Pl. 467. 1753.
Cereus flagelliformis Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cereus no. 12. 1768.
Common in cultivation in Mexico, and elsewhere in tropical regions; native
habitat not known.
Stems at first ascending or erect, but weak and slender or pendent, 1 to 2
cm. in diameter; branches often prostrate and creeping or even pendent; ribs
10 to 12, low and inconspicuous, a little tuberculate; areoles 6 to 8 mm. apart;
radial spines 8 to 12, acicular, reddish brown; central spines 3 or 4, brownish
with yellow tips; flowers 7 to 8 cm. long, opening for 3 or 4 days, crimson;
outer perianth segments narrow, more or less reflexed; inner perianth seg-
ments broader, only slightly spreading; fruit globose, 10 to 12 mm. in diameter,
red, bristly; pulp yellowish. ‘Flor del cuerno,” “ floricuerno,” “flor del
litigo,” hierba de la alferecia,” ‘“ junco,” ‘“ junquillo,” “cuerno.”
This plant is much cultivated in Mexico, and also in the United States, where
it is known as rat-tail cactus. An infusion of the dried flowers is employed
in Mexico for heart affections. The juice of the plant is said to be acrid and
eaustic. It is administered internally as a vermifuge, but its use is said to be
dangerous.
3. Aporocactus flagriformis (Zucc.) Lem.; Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 12: 435. 1909.
Cereus flagriformis Zuecec.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 111. 1837.
Native of Mexico, the type from San José del Oro, Oaxaca.
At first erect and rather stout, afterwards creeping, very much branched;
branches green, 10 to 24 mm. in diameter; ribs 11, very low, obtuse, somewhat
tuberculate; areoles small, 4 to 6 mm. apart; radial spines 6 to 8, 4 mm. long,
acicular, horn-colored; central spines 4 or 5, shorter than the radials but
79688—24——6
918 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
stouter, brown; flowers dark crimson, 10 em. long, 7.5 em. broad or more; flower
tube 3 cm. long or more; perianth segments in 3 series, the series well sepa-
rated; inner perianth segments oblong, 10 mm. broad, acuminate; stamens red,
erect, exserted.
4. Aporocactus conzattii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 220. 1920.
Type from Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca.
Creeping, clambering, or hanging from a support, developing aerial roots here
and there; stems 12 to 25 mm. in diameter; ribs 8 to 10, rather prominent, low-
tuberculate; areoles 3 to 4 mm. apart; spines 15 to 20, acicular, light brown,
unequal, the longest 12 mm. long; buds nearly erect, covered with brown aci-
cular spines or bristles; flowers 8 to 9 cm. long; tube nearly straight, red,
bearing a few ovate scales, their axils short-woolly and with a few bristle-like
spines; upper inner perianth segments arching forward, the lower ones some-
what refiexed, all narrow, 6 to 7 mm. broad, acute, brick-red; tube proper 2
to 2.5 cm. long; throat about 1 cm. long, narrow, bearing stamens all over its
surface.
5. Aporocactus martianus (Zucc.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 220. 1920.
Cereus martianus Zucc. Flora 152: Beibl. 66. 1832.
Briocereus martianus Riccobono, Boll. Ort. Bot. Palermo 8: 240. 1909.
Central Mexico.
Stems rather stout, somewhat branched, 15 to 18 mm. in diameter; ribs
about 8, low, obtuse; areoles 12 mm. apart; spines 6 to 8, acicular to bristle-
like; flowers a deep rose, 8 to 10 cm. long; outer perianth segments narrowly
lanceolate, acuminate; perianth segments similar but long-acuminate; fruit
globular, 2 em. in diameter, greenish, spiny.
25. ECHINOCEREUS Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 91. 1848.
Plants always low, perennial, erect or prostrate, sometimes pendent over
rocks and cliffs, single or cespitose, globular to cylindric, prostrate or pendent
if elongate; spines of flowering and sterile areoles similar; flowers usually
large, in some species small, diurnal, in some not closing at night; perianth
campanulate to short-funnelform, scarlet, crimson, purple, or rarely yellow, the
tube and ovary always spiny; stigma lobes always green; fruit more or less
colored, thin-skinned, spiny, the spines easily detached when mature; seeds
black, tuberculate.
Besides the species listed here, several others occur in the southwestern
United States. The fruit of most of the species is edible and often of superior
quality.
MIOWECrS Siiall t.2 cm: loneor l6SS—- 22 2 ee 45. E. barthelowanus.
Flowers large, usually conspicuous, rarely only 2 to 3 em. long.
Stems covered with long weak bristles or hairs____________ 1. E. delaetii.
Stems covered with spines, or rarely spineless.
Flowers scarlet to salmon-colored, opening once but lasting for several days.
Stems usually weak, often trailing or at least becoming prostrate; ribs:
nearly continuous.
Mlowers rosyi reds! ft -s520 3 3 ae oe ia! SO eee 2. E. scheeri.
Flowers orange-red to salmon-colored.
Flowers 8 to 11 cm. long; wool from areoles on flower tube long.
Flowers 8 to 10 cm. long; radial spines 9 or fewer.
8. E. salm-dyckianus.
Flowers 11 cm. long; radial spines 10 to 12__4. E. huitcholensis.
Flowers 6 cm. long or less; wool from areoles on flowers shorter
than’ the ‘subtending. scaless2=-2 2) see 5. E. pensilis.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 919
Stems usually erect and stout; ribs more or less tuberculate.
Plants forming large mounds, sometimes with 500 to 800 joints; spines
white; lon=e-and fexuous- 2224) Se = sie delet 6. E. mojavensis.
Plants in much smaller clusters; spines brownish or grayish, not
long and flexuous.
Plantebody: wathed2) ton 14.eribss ieee 7. E. leeanus.
Plant body with 5 to 11 ribs (in one species 12).
Axils of flower scales filled with long cobwebby hairs.
Flowers 5 to 6 em. long; spines yellowish at first.
8. E. polyacanthus.
Flowers 3 cm. long; spines reddish at first____9. E. pacificus.
Axils of flower scales bearing short hairs.
Stemsielongate and. thine-= 2s tae 10. E. acifer.
Stems, short. and) thick-2 8.223 @. 22 et 11. E. rosei.
Flowers usually purple, sometimes yellow or greenish yellow, rarely pink
or nearly white, broad, rotate to campanulate, opening in sunlight,
closing at night.
Flowers yellow or greenish white.
Plontse densely cespitose.—_. senwa aa ies Veep 12. E. maritimus.
Plants usually solitary.
Ribs very stout.
Ribs 5 to 8; spines on flower tube and ovary short.
13. E. subinermis.
Ribs 8 or 9; spines on flower tube and ovary acicular.
14. E. luteus.
Ribs low, usually hidden by the spines.
Flowers 2.5 cm. long or less_______-__~_____ 15. E. chloranthus.
Flowers 5 to 10 cm. long.
RIOWEFSs ereenish miwihitese si ecw yee OD 16. E. grandis.
Flowers yellow-red.
Central spines in more than one row__17. E. dasyacanthus.
Central spines in one vertical row____---~ 18. E. ctenoides.
Flowers purple.
Stems weak, slender, and creeping.
Stems 2 em. thick or less.
Areoles distant; spines not interlocking.
Perianth segments narrowly oblong or linear-oblanceolate.
19. E. blanckii.
Perianth segments oblong-erose_____----- 20. E. pentalophus.
Areoles approximate; spines densely interlocking__21. E. sciurus.
Stemsuonton4> cme thnichkm es sags ee ae 22. E. cinerascens.
Stems stout, usually erect or ascending.
Areoles elliptic to circular, closely set, often with pectinate spines.
Areoles circular; spines not pectinate.
Areoles about 5 mm. apart; spines densely interlocking.
28. EK. scopulorum,
Areoles about 1 cm. apart; spines scarcely interlocking.
go. E. roetteri.
Areoles elliptic; spines pectinate.
Centralspine: offense very.slong: 229" 2s ane 23. E. adustus.
Central spine, if present, short.
Spines of ovary and flower tube slender and weak, the sur-
rounding hairs long and cobwebby__24. E. reichenbachii.
9920 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Spines of ovary and flower tube short and stout, the sur-
rounding hairs short.
Central spines none.
Stems 2eylindric Senin? Weis ie 25. E. rigidissimus.
Stems) clobular2-- 2-2 2 ae ee 26. E. weinbergii.
Central spines present_________________ 27. E. pectinatus.
Areoles nearly circular, not so closely set; spines never pectinate.
Ovary strongly tuberculate_____________ 30. E. chlorophthalmus,
Ovary not strongly tuberculate.
Flowers small, 2.5 to 5 cm. long.
Plants strongly angled; flowers pinkish__31. E. knippelianus.
Plants not strongly angled; flowers purple.
Central spines none.
Spines 3 to 5; flower tube and ovary without long wool
from the ‘areotesivs-Gus _ Sua 82. E. pulchellus.
Spines 6 to 8; flower tube and ovary bearing long cob-
webby wool from the areoles______-- 33. E. amoenus,
Central spines 1 or more.
Central-spine; one. =. See eeess eae 34. E. palmeri.
Central spines several, much elongate, dagger-like.
35. E. brandegeei.
Flowers large, 6 to 12 ecm. Jong.
Central spines* none. 2.225 7 Seis Se ae ee 36. E. hempelii.
Central spines present.
Central spine solitary, rarely 2.
Spinessred#ati Passel. oebhid Shame weet 37. E. merkeri.
Spines not red at base.
Plants Stout, erect®__ ost Sito at ean 88. E. fendleri.
Plants weak, becoming prostrate_39. E. enneacanthus.
Central spines several.
Spines not white.
Spines yellowish brown to red____40. E. engelmannii.,
Spines bluish to blackish________ 41. E. sarissophorus.
Spines usually white or straw-colored.
Ribs! T tO (O-2ees seit in ee Ban 42. E. dubius.
Ribs 11 to 18.
Flowers campanulate_______-_ 43. E. conglomeratus.
Flowers short-funnelform_______~_ 44, EK. stramineus.
1. Echinocereus delaetii Giirke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 131. 1909.
Cephalocereus delaetii Giirke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 116. 1909.
Known only from the Sierra de Paila, north of Parras, Coahuila.
Low, 10 to 20 cm. high, densely cespitose, completely hidden by the long
white curled hairs; ribs indistinct; areoles closely set, bearing 15 or more
white reflexed hairs 8 to 10 cm. long and a few stiff reddish bristles; flowers
appearing near the top of plant; perianth segments pink, oblanceolate, acute;
ovary covered with clusters of long white bristly spines.
In appearance this resembles small plants of Cephalocereus senilis.
2. Echinocereus scheeri (Salm-Dyck) Riimpler; Fiérst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 801.
1885.
Cereus scheeri Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 190. 1850.
Chihuahua, the type collected near the City of Chihuahua. ,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 921
Cespitose; stems procumbent, prostrate or ascending, decidedly narrowed
toward the tip, 10 to 22 em. long, yellowish green; ribs 8 to 10, rather low, not
at all sinuate, somewhat spiraled; spines 7 to 12, acicular, white with brown
or blackish tips; flowers 12 cm. long, rose-red to crimson, with an elongate
tube; perianth segments oblanceolate, acute.
3. Echinocereus salm-dyckianus Scheer in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 291. 1856.
Cereus salm-dyckianus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 545. 1880.
Echinocereus salmianus Riimpler; Foérst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 809. 1885.
Cereus salmianus Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 279. 1894.
Chihuahua and Durango; type collected near the City of Chihuahua.
Cespitose; stems more or less decumbent, 2 to 4 cm. in diameter, elongate,
yellowish green; ribs 7 to 9, low, more or less sinuate; radial spines 8 or 9,
acicular, yellowish, about 1 cm. long; central spine solitary, porrect, a little
longer than the radials; flowers orange-colored, 8 to 10 em. long, narrow, the
tube elongate, the areoles of the flower tube and ovary bearing white bristly
spines and cobwebby hairs; perianth segments oblanceolate to spatulate.
4. Echinocereus huitcholensis (Weber) Giirke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16:
23. 1906.
Cereus huitcholensis Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 383. 1904.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Nayarit, Jalisco.
Plants 4 to 6 em. in diameter; radial spines 10 to 12; central spine usually
solitary ; flowers 11 cm. long, or less, narrow, with a pronounced tube; color
of perianth segments uncertain but perhaps orange; spines on ovary and tube
weak, acicular; areoles of flower tube bearing long cobwebby hairs.
5. Echinocereus pensilis (K. Brandeg.) Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18:
5. 1908.
Cereus pensilis K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 192. 1904.
Cape Region of Baja California, the type from Sierra de la Laguna.
More or less cespitose, the stems often erect, 30 em. high or when growing
on cliffs hanging and then nearly 2 meters long, 3 to 4 em. in diameter; ribs
8 to 10, low; areoles about 10 mm. apart; spines needle-like, at first yellow,
becoming reddish gray, the longest not over 2 cm. long; radial spines about 8;
central spine 1; flowers orange-red, narrow, 5 to 6 cm. long; areoles on ovary
and tube bearing short, yellow or white wool and chestnut-colored bristly
spines; fruit globular, 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter; seeds black, rugose, very
oblique at base.
6. Echinocereus mojavensis (Engelm. & Bigel.) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact.
ed. 2. 803. 1885.
Cereus mojavensis Engelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 281. 1856.
Cereus bigelovii Engelm. U. S. Rep. Miss. Pacif. 4: pl. 4, f. 8. 1856.
Reported from Sonora. Southwestern United States, the type from the
Mojave River, California.
Cespitose, growing in massive clumps, often forming mounds, with hundreds
of stems (500 to 800 have been recorded) ; stems globose to oblong, 5 to 20 em.
long, pale green; ribs 8 to 13, 5 to 6 mm. high, but becoming indistinct on old
parts of stem, somewhat undulate; areoles circular, about 1 em. apart; spines
all white, or in age gray; radial spines about 10, acicular, spreading, curved,
1 to 2.5 em. long; central spine subulate, porrect or somewhat spreading, often
weak, 3 to 5 em. long; flowers rather narrow, 5 to 7 em. long, crimson; perianth
segments broad, obtuse or even retuse; areoles on ovary with white felt and
short acicular spines; fruit oblong, 2.5 to 3 em. long.
922 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Echinocereus leeanus (Hook.) Lem.; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 828. 1885.
Cereus leeanus Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 75: pl. 4417. 1849.
Echinocereus multicostatus Cels; Forst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 828. 1885.
Native of Mexico, but the range unknown.
Plant erect, about 30 cm. high, 10 cm. thick at base, tapering gradually to-
ward the top, simple so far as known; ribs 12 to 14, acute, bearing rather
closely set areoles; spines about 12, acicular, very unequal in length, the cen-
tral and longest about 2.5 em. long; flowers brick-red, 5 to 6 em. long; inner
perianth segments somewhat spreading, spatulate to obovate, 3 cm. long, acute.
8. Echinocereus polyacanthus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 104. 1848.
Cereus polyacanthus Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50. 1849.
Chihuahua and Durango; type from Cosihuiriachi, Chihuahua. Arizona.
Cespitose, forming clumps of 20 to 50 stems, pale green but often tinged
with red; ribs usually 10, low; areoles approximate; spines gray when old,
at first pale yellow, becoming more or less purplish; radial spines about 12;
centrals 4, straight, elongate; flowers crimson, 6 cm. long; spines on ovary and
flower tube yellow, intermixed with cobwebby wool. ‘“ Pitahaya.”
9. Echinocereus pacificus (Hngelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8: 12. 1922.
Cereus phoeniceus pacificus Engelm. West Amer. Sci. 2: 46. 1886.
Cereus pacificus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 397. 1896.
Northern Baja California; type from Bahia de Todos Santos.
Cespitose, growing in clumps 30 to 60 cm. in diameter, sometimes con-
taining 100 stems, these 15 to 25 em. long, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter; ribs 10
to 12, obtuse; spines gray, with a reddish tinge; radial spines 10 to 12, 5
to 10 mm. long; central spines 4 to 5, the longest sometimes 25 mm. long;
flowers deep red, rather small, about 3 cm. long; areoles on ovary and
fiower tube bearing long tawny wool and reddish brown bristly spines; fruit
spiny.
10. Echinocereus acifer (Otto) Lem.; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 798. 1885.
Cereus acifer Otto; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 189. 1850.
Echinocereus durangensis Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 799. 1885.
Reported from Durango and Coahuila.
Cespitose, glossy green, erect; ribs 10, strongly tubercled; radial spines
5 to 10, 10 to 16 mm. long, pale brownish, bulbose and purplish at base;
centrals 4, stout, purplish brown, the three upper erect, the lower and stouter
one subdefiexed; flowers scarlet.
11. Echinocereus rosei Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 19: 457. 1915.
Chihuahua. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type from Agricul-
tural College, New Mexico.
Cespitose, forming small compact clumps, the stems 10 to 20 em. long, 5 to
8 cm. in diameter, sometimes as many as 40; ribs 8 to 11, obtuse; areoles
rather closely set; spines pinkish to brownish gray; radial spines about 10,
spreading; centrals 4, 4 to 6 em. long; flowers 4 to 6 em. long, scarlet; inner
perianth segments broad, obtuse; spines on ovary and flower tube brownish or
yellowish, intermixed with short hairs; fruit spiny.
12. Echinocereus maritimus (Jones) Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 273. 1898.
Cereus maritimus Jones, Amer. Nat. 17: 973. 1883.
Cereus flaviflorus Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 391. 1896.
Echinocereus flaviflorus Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 274. 1898.
West coast of Baja California; type from Ensenada.
Decidedly cespitose, often forming clumps 60 to 90 cm. broad and 30 cm.
high, sometimes containing 200 joints; individual joints globose to short-cyl-
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 923
indric, 5 to 16 cm. long; ribs 8 to 10; areoles 10 to 12 mm. apart; radial spines
about 10, spreading; central spines 4, stout and angled, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long;
flowers 3 to 4 cm. long, arising from near the top of the plant, light yellow; in-
ner perianth segments oblanceolate, rounded at apex; ovary not very spiny.
18. Echinocereus subinermis Salm-Dyck in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 291.
1856.
Cereus subinermis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 546. 1880.
Northern Mexico; type collected near Chihuahua.
At first simple, 10 to 12 cm. high, afterwards a little branching at base,
when young pale green, afterwards bluish and finally darker green, erect; ribs
5 to 8, broad, somewhat sinuate; spines all radial, small, conie, 1 to 2 mm.
long, yellow, 3 or 4, deciduous; flowers 5 to 7 cm. long, yellow; perianth seg-
ments oblanceolate, acute; spines of areoles on ovary and flower tube short,
white.
14. Echinocereus luteus Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 239. 1913.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Stem short to elongate, sometimes branching near base, bluish green, more
or less purplish, 8 or 9-ribbed; ribs rather thin, barely undulate, rounded ; are-
oles small, 10 to 12 mm. apart; spines small, the radials 6 to 8, unequal, 2 to
8 mm. long, widely spreading, white with darker tips; central spine single,
porrect ; areoles on ovary and flower tube bearing white wool and light-colored
spines with dark tips; flowers pale yellow, sweet-scented, 7 cm. long; outer
perianth segments streaked with red; inner perianth segments lemon-yellow,
oblanceolate, acute.
15. Echinocereus chloranthus (Engelm.) Riimpler; Foérst. Handb. Cact. ed.
2. 814. 1885.
Cereus chloranthus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 278. 1856.
Northern Mexico. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type from El
Paso.
Cylindric, usually simple, 8 to 15 em. long, 5 to 7 cm. in diameter; ribs
about 13, often nearly hidden by the densely set spines; areoles nearly cir-
cular; radial spines several, spreading; centrals 3 or 4, not angled, in a ver-
tical row, one much more elongate than the others, 2 to 3 cm. long; flowers
yellowish green, 2 em. long; fruit nearly globular, 5 to 10 cm. long, dark
purplish red, covered with small bristly spines; seeds black, dull, pitted, the
hilum nearly basal, round.
16. Echinocereus grandis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 18. 1922.
Islands of Baja California; type from San Hsteban Island.
Stems usually single or in small clusters, subcylindric, 10 to 40 cm. high,
8 to 12 em. in diameter; ribs 21 to 25, low; areoles large, longer than broad,
about 1 cm. apart; spines dull white or cream-colored, rather short and stiff,
the radials 15 to 25, the centrals 8 to 12, often in 2 rows; flower 5 to 6 cm.
long, unusually narrow, with a short limb; ovary and flower tube densely
clothed with clusters of pale straw-colored spines intermixed with white
hairs; outer perianth segments white, with a green medial line, inner ones
parrow, 1.5 em. long, white with green bases; fruit densely spiny.
17. Echinocereus dasyacanthus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 100.
1848.
Cereus dasyacanthus Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50. 1849.
Echinocereus spinosissimus Walton, Cact. Journ. 2: 162. 1899.
Echinocereus rubescens Dams, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 92. 1905.
Chihuahua. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type from El Paso.
924 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Plants usually simple, cylindric, 10 to 30 cm. high, very spiny; ribs 15 to
21, 2 to 3 cm. high; areoles 3 to 5 mm. apart, short-elliptic; radial spines 16
to 24, more or less spreading, 1.5 cm. long or less, at first pinkish but gray in
age; central spines 3 to 8, a little stouter than the radials, never in a single
row; flowers from near the apex, often 10 cm. long, yellowish, or drying red-
dish; outer perianth segments linear-oblong, 4 to 5 em. long, acute, inner ones
oblong, 5 cm. long; ovary very spiny; fruit nearly globular, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. in
diameter, purplish, edible.
18. Echinocereus ctenoides (Engelm.) Riimpler; Foérst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2.
819. 1885.
Cereus ctenoides Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 279. 1856.
Chihuahua. Texas, the type from Eagle Pass.
So far as known simple, cylindric, elongate, 10 to 40 cm. long, 8 to 10 em.
in diameter, decidedly banded with pink and gray as in the rainbow cactus;
ribs 15 to 17, low; areoles crowded together, short-elliptic; radial spines often
as many as 20, not spreading but standing out at an angle to the ribs; central
spines 8 to 10, arranged in a single row or sometimes a little irregular; flowers
up to 10 cm. long, about as wide as long when fully expanded, bright to red-
dish yellow; ovary and fruit very spiny.
19. Echinocereus blanckii (Poselger) Palmer, Rev. Hort. 36: 92. 1865.
Cereus blanckii Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 134. 1853.
Cereus berlandieri Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 286. 1856.
Echinocereus poselgerianus Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 25: 239. 1857.
Echinocereus leonensis Mathsson, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 66. 1891.
Northeastern Mexico; type from Camargo, Tamaulipas. Southern Texas.
Procumbent; joints slender, 3 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 em. in diameter ;
ribs 5 to 7, strongly tuberculate, or when turgid scarcely tubercled; areoles
1 to 1.5 em. apart; radial spines 6 to 8, 8 to 10 mm. long, white; central spine
solitary, 10 to 50 mm. long, brownish to black; flowers purple, 5 to 8 em. long;
perianth segments narrow, oblanceolate, acute. ‘‘ Alicoche” (Tamaulipas).
20. Echinocereus pentalophus (DC.) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2.
774. 1885.
Cereus pentalophus DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828.
Cereus propinquus DC.; Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 1: 366. 1833.
Echinocereus leptacanthus Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 260. 1898.
Eastern Mexico. Southern Texas.
Procumbent, with ascending branches, deep green; ribs 4 to 6, somewhat
undulate, bearing low tubercles; radial spines 4 or 5, very short, white
with brown tips; central spine 1, rarely wanting; flowers reddish violet, 7
to 12 em. long; perianth segments broad, rounded at apex; scales on the ovary
and flower tube bearing long cobwebby hairs and brownish spines.
21. Echinocereus sciurus (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 22. 1922.
Cereus sciurus K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 192. 1904.
Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Densely cespitose, with many individuals forming clumps sometimes 60 cm.
broad; stems slender, often 20 em. long, often nearly hidden by the many
spines; ribs 12 to 17, low, divided into numerous tubercles 5 to 6 mm. apart;
areoles small, approximate, circular, at first woolly, becoming naked; radial
spines 15 to 18, sometimes 15 mm. long, slender, pale except the brownish tips;
ecentrals usually several, shorter than the radials; flowers described as 7 cm.
long, about 9 em. broad when fully open; inner perianth segments in 2 to 4
rows, bright magenta; seeds 1 mm. long, tuberculate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 925
22. Echinocereus cinerascens(DC.) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 786.
1885.
Cereus cinerascens DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 116. 1828.
Cereus deppei Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 338. 1834.
Echinocereus cirrhiferus Rtimpler; Foérst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 778. 1885.
Echinocereus glycimorphus Riimpler; Foérst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 809. 1885.
Central Mexico.
Growing in patches 60 to 120 cm. broad, branching at base, the stems as-
cending to about 30 cm.; ribs about 12, not very prominent, obtuse; areoles
rather scattered, orbicular; spines white or pale, straight, rough, 1.5 to 2 em.
long; radials about 10; centrals 3 or 4; flowers 6 to 8 cm. long, the tube very
short; scales on ovary and tube small, acute, their axils crowded with short
white wool and 6 to 8 long white bristles; inner perianth segments, when dry,
deep purple, 3 to 4 em. long, obtuse.
23. Echinocereus adustus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 104. 1848.
Hehinocereus rufispinus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 104. 1848.
Echinocereus radians Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 105. 1848.
Cereus adustus Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50. 1849.
Chihuahua; type from Cosihuiriachi.
Simple, short-cylindric, often only 4 to 6 em. high; ribs 18 to 15; areoles
closely set, elliptic; radial spines 16 to 20, appressed-pectinate, pale, the
central spines wanting or solitary, sometimes elongate and porrect; flowers
purplish, 3 to 4 em. long; inner perianth segments narrow; ovary and calyx
tube covered with clusters of short brown spines and long wool.
24. Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck) Haage; Ind. Kew. 2: 818. 1893.
Echinocactus reichenbachii Terscheck; Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 320. 1848.
Cereus caespitosus Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 247. 1845.
Echinocereus caespitosus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 110. 1848.
Cereus reichenbachianus Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 318. 1853.
Eehinocereus rotatus Linke, Wochenschr. Girtn. Pflanz. 1: 85. 1858.
Northern Mexico. Texas.
More or less cespitose; stems simple, globose to short-cylindric, 2.5 to 20 cm.
long, 5 to 9 cm. in diameter; ribs 12 to 19; areoles approximate, elliptic;
spines 20 to 30, white to brown, pectinate, interlocking, 5 to 8 mm. long,
spreading, more or less recurved; centrals 1 or 2, like the radials, or often
wanting; flowers often 6 to 7 cm. long and fully as broad, light purple;
perianth segments narrow, the margin more or less erose; fruit ovoid, about
1 cm. long; seeds black.
25. Echinocereus rigidissimus (HEngelm.) Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12:
293. 1909.
Cereus pectinatus rigidissimus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 279. 1856.
Sonora. Southern Arizona.
Plants simple, erect, rigid, short-cylindric, 10 to 20 em. high, 4 to 10 cm. in
diameter, usually hidden by the closely set interlocking spines; ribs 18 to
22, low; areoles approximate, elliptic, 5 to 6 mm. long; radial spines about
16, gray to reddish brown, arranged in horizontal bands, pectinate, rigid, 15
mm. long or less, often recurved; central spines none; flowers purple, 6 to 7
em. long, fully as broad when expanded; perianth segments oblong, 3 to 4 cm.
long, acute; areoles on ovary somewhat floccose, very spiny; fruit globular, 3
em. in diameter, very spiny; seeds black, tuberculate, 1.5 mm. in diameter.
“ Cabeza del viejo.”
This species is often cultivated under the name of rainbow cactus.
926 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
26. Echinocereus weinbergii Weing. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 83. 1912.
Probably a native of Mexico, but known only from cultivated plants.
Very stout, usually simple, at first globose, becoming conical, at least in
cultivation, 13 cm. in diameter; ribs 15, acute, more or less undulate; areoles
elliptic, approximate; radial spines 9 to 12, pectinate, 3 to 12 mm. long, at
first white or rose but in age yellowish; central spines none; flowers diurnal,
3.6 em. broad, rose-colored; inner perianth segments in several series, 1.5 to
3 cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. broad, lanceolate, acuminate.
27. Echinocereus pectinatus (Scheidw.) Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex.
109. 1848.
Echinocactus pectinatus Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 492. 1838.
Echinocactus pectiniferus Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 25. 1839.
Cereus pectinatus Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50. 1849.
Central Mexico; type from Villa del Pefiasco.
Plants simple, erect, cylindric, 10 to 15 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter, al-
most hidden by the many short interlocking spines; ribs 20 to 22, usually
straight; areoles approximate, but not touching one another, elliptic, 8 mm.
long; radial spines about 30, pectinate, usually much less than 10 mm. long,
white or rose-colored, the colors more or less in bands about the plant; cen-
tral spines several, more or less porrect; flowers purplish, 6 to 8 em. long;
areoles on ovary and flower tube felted, very spiny; fruit spiny, becoming
naked, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter.
28. Echinocereus scopulorum Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 30. 1922.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Stems single, cylindric, 10 to 40 cm. long, nearly hidden by the closely set
spines; ribs 13 or more, low, somewhat tuberculate; areoles circular, devoid
of wool (at least in areoles of the previous year); spines highly colored,
pinkish or brownish with blackish tips, in age, however, gray and stouter ;
radials somewhat spreading; centrals 3 to 6, similar to the radials; flowers
with a delicate rose perfume, widely spreading when fully expanded, 9 cm.
broad; tube 2 em. long, broadly funnelform, bearing greenish tubercles; inner
perianth segments 4 cm. long, rose or purplish rose, much paler on the out-
side, sometimes nearly white, oblanceolate to spatulate, erosely dentate, acute.
29. Echinocereus roetteri (Engelm.) Riimpler; Foérst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 829.
1885. Z
Cereus roetteri Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 345. 1856.
Echinocereus kunzei Giirke, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 103. 1907.
Chihuahua. Texas and New Mexico; type from El Paso.
Cespitose, or perhaps sometimes simple and occasionally budding above, 10
to 25 em. high; ribs 13, straight, more or less undulate; areoles circular, or a
little longer than broad, about 1 cm. apart; radial spines 15 to 17, acicular,
about 1 cm. long, white or purplish; central spines 1 to 5, not in a single row,
a little stouter but scarcely longer than the radials; flowers appearing below
the top of the plant, 6 to 7 cm. long, light purple; outer perianth segments
greenish yellow; inner perianth segments oblanceolate, acute, 3 to 4 cm. long;
ovary and fruit spiny.
80. Echinocereus chlorophthalmus (Hook.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 16: 242. 1913.
Hehinocactus chlorophthalmus Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 74: pl. 4378.
1848.
Known only from the type locality, Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 927
Cespitose, nearly globose, glaucous-green; ribs 10 to 12, somewhat tubercu-
iate; areoles circular; radial spines 7 to 10, slender, needle-like, 12 to 18 mm.
long, spreading; central spine one, stouter than the radials, the central as
well as the radials pale brown but reddish at base when young; inner perianth
segments spatulate, acute, somewhat serrate toward the tip, glossy above, pur-
ple, whitish at base; ovary and fruit spiny.
31. Echinocereus kuippelianus Liebner, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 170. 1895.
Echinocereus liebnerianus Carp. Balt. Cact. Journ. 2: 262. 1896.
Echinocereus inermis Haage, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 130. 1898.
Cereus knippelianus Orcutt, West. Amer. Sci. 18: 27. 1902.
Native of Mexico, but range not known.
At first simple, stout, a little higher than broad, about 10 ecm. high, but
in cultivation elongate, 20 em. high or more, branching, very deep. green,
becoming turgid and flabby; ribs 5 to 7, more prominent toward the top
of the plant, sometimes strongly tuberculate, at other times only slightly
sinuate; areoles minute, white-felted, 5 to 6 mm. apart; spines 1 to 3, weak, 3
to 6 mm. long, yellow; flowers pinkish, 2.5 to 3 cm. long; perianth segments
spreading, oblanceolate, acute; fruit not known.
32. Echinocereus pulchellus (Mart.) Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
3%: 185. 1894.
Echinocactus pulchellus Mart. Noy. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 342. 1828.
Cereus pulchellus Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 74. 1837.
Probably in central Mexico; type said to have come from Pachuca, Hidalgo.
Stems obovate-cylindric, 5 to 7 em. high, simple, glaucous; ribs 12, obtuse,
more or less divided into tubercles; spines 3 to 5, short, straight, deciduous,
yellowish; flowers rosy white, about 4 cm. broad; inner perianth segments
lanceolate, acuminate.
33. Echinocereus amoenus (Dietr.) Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
3%: 185. 1894.
Echinopsis amoena Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 12: 187. 1844.
Cereus amoenus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 540. 1880.
San Luis Potosi.
Plants low, almost buried in the ground; ribs usually 13, low, somewhat
tuberculate; young areoles bearing 6 to 8 rather stout short spreading spines;
old areoles spineless; flowers about 5 cm. broad, magenta; inner perianth
segments spatulate, with an ovate acute tip; areoles of the ovary and flower
tube bearing brown spines and cobwebby wool.
34. Echinocereus palmeri Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 34. 1922.
Type from the City of Chihuahua.
Plants 5 to 8 em. high, 2 to 3 em. in diameter; areoles closely set, round;
radial spines 12 to 15, spreading, slender, brown-tipped; central spine one,
porrect, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, brown to blackish; flower 3.5 cm. long, purple;
areoles on the ovary bearing a cluster of brown spines and white wool.
85. Echinocereus brandegeei (Coulter) Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 290. 1898.
Cereus brandegeei Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 389. 1896.
Cereus sanborgianus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 391. 1896.
Southern Baja California; type from Campo Aleman.
Always growing in clumps; joints sometimes one meter long or more, 5 cm.
in diameter, but usually much narrowed toward the base; ribs strongly
tubercled; areoles circular; spines at first light yellow tinged with red, in age
928 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
dark gray; radial spines about 12, spreading, acicular; central spines usually
4, very much stouter, more or less flattened, erect or porrect, the lowest one
decidedly so, sometimes 8 cm. long; flowers purplish, about 5 cm. long; areoles
on ovary and tube closely set, filled with pale acicular spines and long white
wool; fruit globular, 3 cm. in diameter, spiny; seeds black, tuberculately
roughened.
For an illustration of this species see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: pl. 124.
86. Echinocereus hempelii Fobe, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 187. 1897.
Native of Mexico, but known only from cultivated plants.
Plant, so far as known, simple, erect, 15 cm. long or more, 6 to 7 cm. in
diameter, dark green; ribs 10, strongly tuberculate; radial spines 6, spreading,
white with brown tips, acicular, 1 cm. long or less; central spines none;
flowers from near the top of plant, 6 to 8 cm. broad, violet; inner perianth
segments about 14, loosely arranged, oblong, 3 cm. long, strongly toothed above;
ovary bearing conspicuous red scales, spiny.
87. Echinocereus merkeri Hildmann; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 277. 1898.
Cereus merkeri Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 81. 1905.
Durango, Coahuila, and San Luis Potosi.
Cespitose; joints erect, 12 to 15 em. in diameter, light green; ribs 8 or 9,
sinuate; radial spines 6 to 9, white, shining; central spines 1 or rarely 2,
often yellowish, lurger than the radials, red at base; flowers purple, about
6 em. long; inner perianth segments short-oblong, 3 cm. long, rounded at apex,
sometimes mucronate; scales on ovary 2 to 3 em. long, ovate, acuminate,
bearing 2 to 5 long spiny bristles in their axils.
88. Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.) Riimpler; Foérst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2.
801. 1885.
Cereus fendleri Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50. 1849.
Sonora and Chihuahua. Texas to Utah and Arizona; type from Santa Fe,
New Mexico.
Cespitose; stems about 8, ascending or erect, 10 to 30 cm. long, 5 to 7.5 em.
in diameter; ribs rather prominent, 9 to 12, somewhat undulate; spines very
variable as to color, length, and form; radial spines 5 to 10, more or less
spreading, 1 to 2 em. long, acicular to subulate; central spine solitary, usually
porrect, 4 cm. long or less, dark-colored, often black-bulbose at base; flowers
borne at the upper part of the plant, 10 cm. broad when fully expanded,
but sometimes smaller, deep purple; inner perianth segments spatulate,
3 to 4 cm. long, acute, the margin sometimes serrulate; ovary deep green, its
areoles bearing white felt and white bristly spines; fruit ovoid, 2.5 to 3 cm.
long, purplish, edible; seeds 1.4 mm. long.
89. Echinocereus enneacanthus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 112.
1848.
Cereus enneacanthus Engelm. in A. Gray, Pl. Fendl. 50. 1849.
Echinocereus carnosus Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 796. 1885.
Northern Mexico; type from San Pablo, Chihuahua. New Mexico and
Texas.
Cespitose, with many stems, often forming clumps one meter in diameter or
more; joints often elongate, prostrate, 5 to 7 cm. in diameter; ribs 7 or 8,
prominent. more or less tuberculate, somewhat flabby, dull green; areoles 2.5
em. apart; radial spines unequal, usually less than 12 mm. long, acicular, at
first yellowish, becoming brownish; central spine solitary, usually elongate,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 929
nearly terete, 3 to 5 em. long; flower purple, 7.5 cm. broad; perianth segments
nearly oblong; fruit globular, juicy, edible.
Because of the delicious strawberry-like flavor of the fruit, this plant is
known in Texas as strawberry cactus. The fruit is eaten raw and also used
for making preserves.
40. Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2.
805. 1885.
Cereus engelmannii Parry, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 338. 1852.
Sonora and Baja California. Utah and Arizona to California; type from
San Felipe, California.
Cespitose, forming large clumps; joints erect or ascending, cylindric, 10 to
30 cm. long, 5 to 6 em. in diameter; ribs 11 to 14, low, obtuse; areoles large,
nearly circular; radial spines about 10, appressed, stiff, about 1 cm. long;
central spines 5 or 6, very stout, more or less curved and twisted, terete or
somewhat flattened, sometimes 7 cm. long, yellowish to brown, more or less
variegated; flowers 5 to 8 em. long, and even broader when fully expanded,
purple; perianth segments oblong, 3 to 4 em. long, acuminate; scales on ovary
8 to 5 mm. long, acuminate; areoles felted and bearing stout bristles; fruit
ovoid to oblong, spiny, about 3 cm. long; seeds black, nearly globular, or a
little oblique, 1.5 mm. in diameter or less, tuberculate.
41. Echinocereus sarissophorus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 38. 1922.
Chihuahua and Coahuila; type from Saltillo, Coahuila.
Cespitose; stems short, thick, pale green, about 10 cm. thick; ribs 9; radial
spines 7 to 10, slender; centrals several, 5 to 8 em. long, often bluish, somewhat
angled; flowers purplish, 7 to 8 cm. long; inner perianth segments broad;
areoles on ovary and flower tube bearing short white wool and 38 to 5 long pale
bristle-like spines; fruit globular, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, covered with clusters
of deciduous spines; seeds black.
42. Echinocereus dubius (Engelm.) Riimpler; Forst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 787.
1885.
Cereus dubius Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 282. 1856.
Western Texas, the type from El Paso; doubtless also in Chihuahua.
Somewhat cespitose; stems 12 to 20 cm. long, pale green, of soft flabby texture,
7 to 9-ribbed; ribs broad; spines white; radial spines 5 to 8, 12 to 30 ecm.
long; centrals 1 to 4, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long, angled, often curved; flowers pale
purple, 6 cm. long or more, with rather few and narrow perianth segments;
scales on flower tube bearing 1 to 3 white bristles in their axils; fruit very
spiny, 2.5 to 3 cm. long; Seeds covered with confluent tubercles.
43. Echinocereus conglomeratus Forst. Gartenflora 39: 405. 1890.
Cereus conglomeratus Berger, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 16: 81. 1905.
Nuevo Leén, Coahuila, and Zacatecas; type from Rinconada, near Monter-
rey, Nuevo Leon.
Cespitose, forming large clumps; joints simple, often half covered in the
ground, 10 to 20 em. long; ribs 11 to 13, slightly undulate; areoles 1 to 1.5 em.
apart, small, circular, slightly felted; spines white to brownish; radial spines
acicular, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, spreading; central spines several, elongate, often
7 cm. long, very flexible; flowers 6 to 7 cm. long, broad and open, purplish;
perianth segments broad, 2 cm. long; spines on ovary and flower long, white,
more or less curved; fruit globular, 3 cm. in diameter, somewhat acid, edible;
seeds numerous. ‘“ Pitahaya,” “ pitahaya de agosto,” “ alicoche.”
930 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
44. Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm.) Rtimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2.
797. 1885.
Cereus stramineus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 282. 1856.
Chihuahua. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type from El Paso.
Plants grouped in masses forming immense mounds 1 to 2 meters in di-
ameter and 30 to 100 cm. high; joints 12 to 25 cm. long, 3 to 7 cm. in
diameter; ribs about 13, almost hidden by the long spines; spines at first
brownish to straw-colored, in age nearly white; radial spines 7 to 14, 2
to 3 cm. long, spreading; central spines 3 or 4, 5 to 9 cm. long; flowers
purple, 8 to 12 em. long; perianth segments oblong, 3 to 4 cm. long, rounded
at apex; spines from the axils of scales on ovary and flower tube, 2 to 5,
short, white; fruit nearly globular, 3 to 4 em. in diameter, red, spiny at first,
becoming glabrous, edible; seeds 15 mm. in diameter, somewhat oblique.
‘“ Pitahaya.”
45. Echinocereus barthelowanus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 41. 1922.
Type from Santa Maria Bay, Baja California.
Plants cespitose, forming large clusters; stems cylindric, 10 to 20 cm.
long, 4 to 5 em. in diameter; ribs about 10, somewhat tuberculate below, but
completely hidden by the stout numerous spines; areoles 2 to 5 mm. apart,
white-felted when young; spines numerous, acicular, sometimes 7 cm. long,
pinkish when quite young, afterwards white or yellow with brown or blackish
tips, in age becoming gray; flowers only 10 to 12 mm. long; perianth seg-
ments oblong, 3 to 4 mm. long; ovary minute, strongly tubercled, hidden
under the mass of spines; spine clusters on ovary with 6 to 12 white or
pinkish-tipped spines, half as long as the flower.
46. Echinocereus mamillatus (Engelm.) Britt. & nee Cactaceae 3: 41. 1922.
Cereus mamillatus Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 405. 1896.
Southern Baja California; type from Aiba
Cespitose; stems ascending, 20 to 30 em. long, cylindric, 3.5 to 6 cm. in
diameter; ribs 20 to 25, sometimes oblique, strongly tuberculate; spines
white or pinkish; radial spines 10 to 25, acicular, 3 to 12 mm. long; central
spines 3 or 4, much stouter than the radials, 1 to 2.5 cm. long.
This and the following species are omitted from the key because their
characters are still imperfectly known.
47. Echinocereus ehrenbergii (Pfeiff.) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2.
775. 1885.
Cereus ehrenbergii Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 282. 1840.
Central Mexico.
Cespitose, 20 cm. high; joints often rhc dh der pale or leaf-green; ribs
6, obtuse, sinuate; areoles 2 cm. apart, white-felted; radial spines 8 to 10,
slender, white; central spines 3 or 4, yellowish at base.
48. Echinocereus longisetus (Engelm.) Riimpler; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed.
2. 822. 1885.
Cereus longisetus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 280. 1856.
Coahuila; type from Santa Rosa.
Plants simple or nearly so, cylindric, 15 to 25 cm. long, 5 to 7.5 cm. in
diameter; ribs 11 to 14, somewhat tubercled; areoles circular; spines slender,
elongate, white; radial spines 18 to 20, spreading, the lower 10 to 15 mm. long,
much longer than the upper; central spines 5 to 7, very unequal, the lower
elongate, 2.5 to 5.5 em. long, deflexed; flowers said to be red.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 931
26. ARIOCARPUS Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 491. 1838.
Plants spineless, usually simple, low, with flat or round top; tubercles tough,
horny, or cartilaginous, triangular, imbricate, spirally arranged, the lower part
tapering into a claw, the upper or bladelike part expanded; areoles terminal
or at the bottom of a triangular groove near the middle of tubercle, filled with
hair when young; flowers appearing from near the center on young tubercles,
diurnal, rotate-campanulate, white to purple; fruit oblong, smooth; seeds
black, tuberculately roughened, with a large basal hilum; embryo described as
obovate, straight.
The following are the only species known:
Tubercles not grooved on upper side_--~-_--------__________ 1. A. retusus.
Tubercules grooved on the upper side.
Bianisesmali. 3. t0"0.Cm:) DrOAG Si. 2e mr. 2a ee 2. A. kotschoubeyanus.
Plants: larce20) towel: emi broages 22 ue a2 tek a eee 3. A. fissuratus.
1. Ariocarpus retusus Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 492. 1838.
Anhalonium prismaticum Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 1. 1839.
Anhalonium retusum Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 15. 1845.
Anhalonium elongatum Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 77. 1850.
Anhalonium areolosum Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 6: Mise. 35. 1859.
Anhalonium pulvilligerum Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 16: Mise. 72. 1869.
Mamillaria areolosa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 503. 1880.
Mamillaria elongata Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 509. 1880.
Mamillaria prismatica Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 519. 1880.
Mamillaria furfuracea S. Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 25: 150. 1890.
Anhalonium trigonum Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 90. 1893.
Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosi.
Plants globular or more or less depressed, usually 10 to 12 em. broad, grayish
green to purplish, very woolly at the center; tubercles horny, imbricate, 5 cm.
long or less, ovate, more or less 3-angled, acute to acuminate, often with a
woolly areole on the upper side near the tip and this sometimes spinescent ;
flowers borne at the axils of young tubercles near the center, white or nearly
so, up to 6 em. long; outer perianth segments pinkish, narrow, acute to
acuminate; inner perianth segments at first white, afterwards pinkish,
narrowly oblanceolate, with mucronate tip; fruit oblong, white, naked; seeds
globular, 1.5 mm. in diameter, black, tuberculate-roughened. ‘‘ Chaute,’”
“ chautle.” :
According to Ochoterena, the name “ peyote” is sometimes erroneously ap-
plied to this species.
2. Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Lem.) Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. Nachtr. 259. 1897.
Anhalonium kotschoubeyanum Lem. Bull. Cercl. Confér. Hort. Seine. 1842.
Anhalonium suleatum Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 5. 1850.
Central Mexico.
Plants grayish green, 3 to 5 cm. broad, only the flat crown appearing above
the surface of the ground, with a thickened fleshy rootstock, and with several
spindle-shaped roots from the base; upper part of tubercle flattened, triangu-
lar, 6 to 8 mm. long, grooved along its middle almost to the tip, the groove
very woolly; flowers 2.5 to 3 em. long, originating in the center of the plant
from the axils of the young tubercles, surrounded by a cluster of hairs; outer
perianth segments few, brownish, obtuse; inner perianth segments up to 2
em. long, oblanceolate, obtuse or apiculate, sometimes retuse, rose-colored to
light purple, widely spreading; ovary naked; seeds oblong, 1 mm. long. ‘ Pe-
zufia de venado” (Nuevo Leén).
932 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
This species was first collected by Karwinsky, who sent to Germany three
plants of it about 1840. One of these plants is said to have been sold for
1,000 francs.
8. Ariocarpus fissuratus (Engelm.) Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
36a; 195. 1894.
Mammillaria fissurata Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 270. 1856.
Anhalonium fissuratum Engelm. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Cact. 75. 1859.
Ariocarpus loydii Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 18: 308. 1911.
Coahuila and Zacatecas. Western Texas, the type collected near the mouth
of the Pecos River.
Plant body scarcely appearing above the ground, flat or somewhat rounded,
sometimes 15 em. broad; tubercles imbricate, ovate, the upper part 2 to 3
em. broad at base, acute or obtuse, the whole surface more or less fissured
and irregularly warty; areoles filled with a dense mass of hairs; flowers 3
to 4 em. broad, white to purple; inner perianth segments oblong-oblanceolate ;
fruit oval, pale green, 10 mm. long; seeds black, tuberculate-roughened.
“Chaute,” “chautle,” “peyote cimarr6én.”
The name ‘ peyote” is said to be sometimes incorrectly applied to this
species.
27. LOPHOPHORA Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 131. 1894.
A single species is known.
1. Lophophora williamsii (Lem.) Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 131. 1894.
Echinocactus williamsii Lem.; Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 385. 1845.
Anhalonium williamsii Lem.; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 233. 1885.
Anhalonium lewinii Hennings, Gartenflora 37: 410. 1888.
Lophophora lewinii Thompson, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 9: 133. 1898.
Central and eastern Mexico. Southern Texas.
Plants dull bluish green, globular to top-shaped or somewhat flattened at top,
5 to 8 em. broad, with a thickened tap-root sometimes 10 cm. long or more;
ribs 7 to 13, nearly vertical or irregular and indistinct, tubercled; flowers cen-
tral, each surrounded by a mass of long hair, in color pale pink to white,
2.5 em. broad when fully open, with a broad funnelform tube; outer perianth
segments nearly white; style white below, pinkish above, shorter than the
perianth segments; stigma lobes 5, linear, pinkish; ovary naked; fruit 2 cm.
long or less; seeds 1 em. in diameter, with a broad basal hilum. ‘“ Peyote”;
“hikuli” (Huichol and Tarahumare) ; ‘“kamaba” (Tepehuane, Ochoterena) ;
““sefif,’ “ wokowi” (Querétaro, Ramtrez).
This is a well-known plant in Mexico, and an account of it was published by
Sahagtin in the sixteenth century. The peyote contains a narcotic substance
that has been the subject of much study with regard to its chemical and phy-
siological properties. The name anhalonin has been given to a supposed alka-
loid separated from the plant, but other persons claim that the narcotic prop-
erties are due to the presence of certain resinous bodies.
The dried plants have been in use among the native people since precolum-
bian times, and are still employed, although their use is forbidden by law.
Hating a piece of the dried plant results in remarkable visions and hallucina-
tions, and the general effects are somewhat like those resulting from the use of
hashish.”
+See Manuel Urbina, El peyote y el ololiuhqui, Anal. Mus. Nac. Méx. 7: 25-
48. pl. 1. 1900.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 933
28. EPITHELANTHA Weber; Britt, & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 92. 1922.
A single species is known.
1. Epithelantha micromeris (Hngelm.) Weber; Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3:
93. 1922:
Mammillaria micromeris Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 260. 1856.
Mammillaria micromeris greggit Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 261. 1856.
Mammillaria greggii Safford, Ann. Rep. Smiths. Inst. 1908: 531. 1909.
Northern Mexico. Western Texas.
Plants small, simple or cespitose, nearly globular, but depressed at apex,
6 cm. in diameter or less; tubercles very low, small, arranged in many
spirals, 1 mm. long; spines numerous, white, the lower radials about 2 mm.
long, the upper radials on the young tubercles 6 to 8 mm. long and con-
nivent over the apex, narrowly clavate, the upper half finally falling off;
flowers from near the center of the plant in a tuft of wool and spines;
flower very small, whitish to light pink, 6 mm. broad; perianth segments 8
to 10; stamens 10 to 15; stigma lobes 3; fruit 8 to 12 mm. long; seeds 1.5 mm,
broad.
The fruits, known as “ chilotes,” are slightly acid and edible.
29. HAMATOCACTUS Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 104. 1922.
A single species is known.
1. Hamatocactus setispinus (Hngelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 104. 1922.
Echinocactus setispinus Engelm. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 246. 1845.
Eechinocactus muehlenpfordtit Fennel, Allg. Gartenz. 15: 65. 1847.
Echinocactus hamatus Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 18. 1884. Not £.
hamatus Forbes. 1837.
Echinocactus hamulosus Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 34. 1856.
Echinopsis nodosa Linke, Wochenschr. Girtn. Pflanz. 1: 85. 1858.
Echinocactus nodosus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 535. 1880.
Northern Mexico. Southern Texas, the type collected along the Colorado
River. ;
Plants up to 15 cm. high, with long fibrous roots; ribs usually 13, more
or less oblique, thin, high, undulate on the margin; radial spines 12 to 16,
slender, often 4 em. long, some white, others brownish; central spines 1
to 3, longer than radials; flower 4 to 7 cm. long, yellow, with a red center;
inner perianth segments oblong, acute, widely spreading; fruit 8 mm. in di-
ameter, nearly naked; seeds 1.2 to 1.6 mm. in diameter.
80. STROMBOCACTUS Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 106. 1922.
A single species is known.
1. Strombocactus disciformis (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 106. 1922.
Mammillaria disciformis DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 114. 1828.
Echinocactus turbiniformis Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 275. 1838.
Mammillaria turbinata Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 69: pl. 3984. 1843.
Echinocactus disciformis Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3%: 189.
~ 1894.
Central Mexico; type from Mineral del Monte, Hidalgo.
Plants small, depressed, turbinate or semiglobose, 5 to 6 em. broad; tubercles
somewhat chartaceous, imbricate, more or less winged, bearing 1 to 4 white
acicular spines when young, naked when old; young areoles with white wool,
naked in age; flowers from center of plant, 2 cm. long or less; scales and
outer perianth segments dark red, with whitish margins; inner perianth seg-
934 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ments white, lanceolate, acute, spreading; filaments much shorter than the
inner perianth segments, purple; stigma lobes about 7, long, twisted; ovary
naked except at top, small; fruit 7 mm. long; seeds 3 mm. in diameter.
31. LEUCHTENBERGIA Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 74: pl. 4393. 1848.
A single species is known.
1. Leuchtenbergia principis Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 74: pl. 4893. 1848.
Central and northern Mexico; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
Plants up to 50 cm. high, 5 to 7 em. in diameter, with a large or branched
tap-root, often 12 cm. long; tubercles erect, ascending or widely spreading,
very woolly in their axils, bluish green, 10 to 12.5 em. long, more or less 3-
angled, nearly truncate at apex, gradually dying off below and leaving broad
sears on the trunk; spines papery, thin; radial spines 8 to 14, about 5 ecm.
long; central spines 1 or 2, sometimes 10 em. long; flowers lasting for several
days, fragrant, solitary, from just below the tips of the young tubercles, more
or less funnelform, the limb when widely expanded 10 cm. broad; outer peri-
anth segments reddish with a brown stripe down the middle; inner perianth
segments oblong, acute, serrate at apex; stamens and style somewhat exserted;
stigma lobes 9 to 12, linear; fruit probably dry; seeds dark brown, minutely
tuberculate.
The plants are said to be employed as a remedy for wounds in beasts of
burden.
32. ECHINOFOSSULOCACTUS Lawrence; Loud. Gard. Mag. 17: 317. 1841.
Mostly rather small plants, rarely over 10 cm. in diameter, but generally
much smaller, usually solitary, rarely clustered, deep-seated in the ground,
globular or depressed, or very old plants becoming short-cylindric; ribs usu-
ally numerous, in one species as few as 10, in other 50 to 100, usually very
thin, more or less wavy; areoles on each rib sometimes only 1 or 2, always
felted when young; spines in numerous clusters often covering the plant, some
of them strongly flattened and ribbon-like; flowers small, campanulate to sub-
rotate with a very short tube; stamens numerous, shorter than the perianth
segments; scales on the perianth and ovary few to numerous, scarious, naked
in their axils; fruit globular to short-oblong, bearing a few papery scales,
these perhaps deciduous in age; seeds black with a broad basal truncate hilum.
All the species of the genus are natives of Mexico.
Ribs thick at base, triangular in cross-section.
RAIDS OSG ela eek a 1. E. coptonogonus.
RUIDS a OMb toe ae = eee eee Eine ES A a 2. E. hastatus.
Ribs always numerous, very thin, even at base.
Ribs’ 100 lor More-s— =a eS ee eee eee 3. E. multicostatus,
Ribs 25 to 55.
Radial spines all or partly acicular.
Upper radial spines, like the others, acicular, white, straight.
Flowers greenish yellow.
Central ‘spines: -terete= 22 sw eet eae 4. EB. wippermannii.
Central spines narrow but flattened______-- 5. E. heteracanthus.
Flowers not greenish yellow. ;
Central spines /4sc awe Oe ae ae Te eee See 6. E. albatus.
Central spines 3.
Central spines annulate; apex of plant not depressed.
7. E. lloydii.
Central spines not annulate; apex of plant umbilicate.
8. E. zacatecasensis.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 935
Upper radial spines subulate, some of them flattened.
Spines all yellow or white.
SPIRES HD OT Ge ah es i ig ph eS I 9. E. lamellosus.
Spines Sj stoppin eed en Ss ee a ene es 10. E. grandicornis.
Spines partly (central and upper ones) brownish__-_11. E. arrigens.
Radial spines never acicular.
Perianth segments much elongate and widely spreading or recurved.
20. E. lancifer.
Perianth segments rather short.
Spines all appressed against the plant_____-___- 12. E. violacifiorus.
Spines partly erect or porrect.
Ribs about 25. :
Spines partly (four upper ones) much elongate.
13. E. obvallatus.
Spines all similar.
PINES) ese ene ete eel Nad SRR ee Mateos 14. E. pentacanthus.
Spines *1Qtor more 2226.2. ie Se 2 See 15. E. crispatus.
Ribs 30 or more.
Radial spines) whites. (222 oee we ae ees 16. E. dichroacanthus.
Radial spines brown.
MIGWErs! A pPUrplISHSss =! Hien tT A 17. E. anfractuosus.
Flowers yellow.
Upper and flattened spines 3, rather short, red.
18. E. tricuspidatus.
Upper and flattened spines usually 1, rarely 2.
2 19. E. phyllacanthus.
1. Echinofossulocactus coptonogonus (Lem.) Lawrence; Loud. Gard. Mag.
17: 317. 1841.
Echinocactus coptonogonus Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 23. 1838.
Reported from San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo.
Simple or perhaps cespitose, globular or a little depressed, 7 to 10 cm. high,
glaucous-green; ribs stout, 1.5 em. high, 10 to 14, acute; areoles about 2 cm.
apart, when young abundantly floccose, but in age naked; spines 3 to 5, stout, a
little incurved, the longest 3 em. long, flattened; flowers 3 cm. long, 4 cm.
‘broad; inner perianth segments numerous, linear-oblong, acute, purple with
white margins; ovary brownish violet, bearing thin scales.
2. Echinofossulocactus hastatus (Hopffer) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3:
111. 1922.
Echinocactus hastatus Hopffer; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 376. 1898.
Hidalgo.
Simple, depressed-globose, 10 em. high, 12 em. in diameter; ribs 35, triangu-
lar in section, light green, somewhat crenate; radial spines 5 or 6, very short,
‘straight, yellow, the upper ones flattened, often 3 cm. long; central spine soli-
tary, 4 em. long, porrect; flowers white (the largest in this genus) ; fruit be-
coming dry; seeds obovate, 1.5 mm. long, brownish gray, shining, finely
punctate.
8. Echinofossulocactus multicostatus (Hildemann) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae
33111. 1922.
Echinocactus multicostatus Hildemann; Mathsson, Gartenflora 39: 465. 1890.
Hastern Mexico; type said to have come from Saltillo, Coahuila.
Simple, usually globose, but sometimes depressed, 6 to 10 cm. in diameter;
ribs 100 or more, very thin, wavy, each bearing only a few areoles; areoles
9386 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
pubescent when young; spines usually 6 to 9, divided into two classes, the 3
upper spines elongate, 4 to 8 cm. long, erect or ascending, flexible, rather thin
but not very broad, yellowish to brownish; lower spines spreading, weak-subu-
late, 5 to 15 mm. long; flowers 2.5 cm. long; outer perianth segments oblong,
acuminate; inner -perianth segments oblong, acute or obtuse; scales on the
flower tube oblong, acuminate; scales on the ovary broadly ovate, acute to
acuminate, very thin, more or less papery, early deciduous.
4. Echinofossulocactus wippermannii (Miihlenpf.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae
Sold 122:
Echinocactus wippermannii Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 370. 1846.
Hidalgo. a
Simple, obovoid, 15 em. high, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter, dull green; ribs 35 to
40, compressed, slightly undulate; areoles 12 mm. apart, hairy when young,
glabrate in age; radial spines 18 to 22, setaceous, white, 15 mm. long; central
spines 3 or 4, erect, elongate, 2 to 5 ecm. long, subulate, terete, blackish;
flowers 1.5 mm. long, dull yellow.
5. Echinofossulocactus heteracanthus (Miihlenpf.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae
3: 112. 1922.
Echinocactus heteracanthus Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 18: 345. 1845.
Echinocactus tetraxziphus Otto; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 363. 1898.
Hidalgo, the type from Real del Monté.
Globose to short-cylindric, light green, nearly hidden by the closely set
spines; ribs 30 to 34, much compressed, somewhat undulate; areoles white,
hairy when young; radial spines 11 to 13 (16 to 18, according to Schumann),
acicular, white, spreading; central spines 4, brownish to flesh-colored, more
or less annulate, compressed; flowers greenish yellow (according to Schu-
mann).
6. Echinofossulocactus albatus (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 112. 1922.
Echinocactus albatus Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 170. 1846.
Mexico, but range not known.
Simple, depressed-globose, 10 to 12 cm. in diameter, glaucous, the apex cov-
ered with spines; ribs about 35, flat, undulate; spines yellowish white; radial
spines 10, setaceous, 1 em. long; central spines 4, the uppermost flat and an-
nulate, the central terete, porrect; flowers white, 2 em. long.
7. Echinofossulocactus lloydii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 113. 1922.
Zacatecas.
Nearly globular, 12 cm. in diameter or more, crowned by the long over-
topping connivent spines; ribs very numerous, thin, more or less folded; are-
oles brown, woolly when young; radial spines acicular, 10 to 15, white, 2 to
8 mm. long, spreading; central spines 3, light brown, much elongate, some-
what incurved and connivent, the two lateral ones similar and not so papery,
the middle one very thin, annulate, 4 to 9 cm. long; flowers small, nearly
white; outer perianth segments with a green stripe on the midvein; inner peri-
anth segments thin, narrowly oblong, acute; scales on the ovary ovate, acute,
very thin.
8. Echinofossulocactus zacatecasensis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 113. 1922.
Zacatecas.
Plants solitary, globular, 8 to 10 cm. in diameter; ribs pale green, very
thin, about 55; radial spines 10 to 12, spreading, acicular, white, 8 to 10 mm.
long; central spines 3, brownish, 2 of them terete, but the middle one flattened,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 937
erect or connivent, longer than the other 2, sometimes 3 to 4 em. long, never
annulate; flowers 3 to 4 cm. broad, nearly white; inner perianth segments
linear-oblong, with an ovate apiculate tip, slightly tinged with lavender, 15
mm. long; scales on the ovary broadly ovate, apiculate, scarious.
9. Echinofossulocactus lamellosus (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 113.
1922.
Echinocactus lamellosus Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 15: 177. 1847.
Hidalgo.
Subglobose to short-cylindric, more or less depressed at apex; ribs about 30,
strongly flattened, more or less undulate; areoles remote, tomentose when
young; spines 5 or 6, white with brown tips; flowers tubular, 3.5 to 4 cm.
long; inner perianth segments linear to linear-lanceolate, acute.
10. Echinofossulocactus grandicornis (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3:
114. 1922.
Echinocactus grandicornis Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 30. 1839.
Mexico, the range not known.
Plants simple, globose to slender-cylindric, 10 em. high, 5 to 6 em. in diameter,
glaucous-green, the apex hidden by the spines; ribs 34 or 35, much com-
pressed, acute, undulate; areoles only a few to each rib, tomentose when
young, naked in age; spines 8 to 11, at first yellowish; upper spines erect,
stout, fiat, 5 cm. long, the 2 lateral ones not so stout, a little shorter and nearly
terete, the other spines slender; flowers whitish purple.
11. Echinofossulocactus arrigens (Link) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 114.
1922.
Echinocactus arrigens Link; Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 161. 1840.
Eechinocactus sphaerocephalus Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 370. 1846.
Echinocactus allardtianus Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 15: 178. 1847.
Mexico, the range not known.
Plant simple, deep-seated in the soil, globular, 5 to 7 em. in diameter,
glaucescent, more or less depressed at apex; ribs 24, thin and wavy; spines
8 to 11, yellow; uppermost spine elongate, 2 to 4 em. long, flattened, brownish; ©
central spines 2 or 3, more slender and not quite so long as the uppermost
one; radial spines 6 to 8, acicular, usually pale, spreading; flowers small,
2 to 2.5 cm. long; inner perianth segments oblong, apiculate, with deep purple
stripe down the center and with pale, nearly white margins.
The following species have been referred here by some authors: Hchino-
cactus xiphacanthus Miquel (Linnaea 12: 1. 1838); H. ensiferus Lem. (Cact.
Alig. Nov. 26. 1888) ; Hchinofossulocactus ensiformis Lawrence (Loud. Gard.
Mag. 17: 317,,1841).
12. Echindcactus \violacifiorus (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 114. 1922.
Echinoddctus violacifiorus Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 102. 1912.
Zacatecas (type locality) and Aguascalientes.
Simple, at first globose, but becoming columnar, 8 to 10 cm. in diameter;
ribs about 35, thin, deeply crenate; spines about 7, the 4 or 5 lower ones
7 to 12 mm. long, appressed or incurved, white, subulate, the 3 upper spines
flattened, 3 to 6 cm. long, ascending and the uppermost ones connivent over
the top of the plant; flowers 2 to 2.5 em. long; perianth segments narrow,
acuminate, white with violet or purplish stripe down the middle; scales on
the ovary more or less imbricate, in 3 or 4 rows, broadly ovate, apiculate
with scarious margins.
wy
vA,
938 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
13. Echinofossulocactus obvallatus (DC.) Lawrence in Loud. Gard. Mag. 17:
317. 1841.
Behinocactus obvallatus DC. Prodr. 3: 462. 1828.
Hidalgo.
Obovoid to globose, depressed at apex; ribs about 25, rather thin and un-
dulate; spines about 8, 4 spines subulate, ascending or spreading, 4 spines
short, perhaps not one-fourth the length of the longer ones; flowers central,
very large; perianth segments iinear-oblong.
14. Echinofossulocactus pentacanthus (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8:
115. 1922.
Echinocactus pentacanthus Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 27. 1883.
Echinocactus biceras Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 370. 1848.
Reported from San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo.
Simple, depressed-globose to short-cylindric, more or less glaucous; ribs
about 25, perhaps even 40 to 50; areoles only a few to the rib; spines 5,
unequal, grayish red, hardly angled, flattened; 8 upper spines erect or
spreading; 2 lower spines much slenderer and shorter than the upper; flowers
large for this group, deep violet; perianth segments with white margins.
15. Echinofossulocactus crispatus (DC.) Lawrence in Loud. Gard. Mag. 17:
317. 1841.
EHehinocactus crispatus DC. Prodr. 8: 461. 1828.
Reported from Hidalgo.
Plants obovoid, somewhat depressed at apex; ribs about 25, more or less
folded, somewhat undulate; spines 10 or 11, rigid, unequal; flowers central,
rather small; perianth segments in 2 series, purplish, oblong-linear, acute;
flower tube covered with imbricate scales.
The following species have been referred here by some authors: Hchino-
cactus flexispinus Salm-Dyck (Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 159. 1850); H. undu-
latus Dietr. (Allg. Gartenz. 12: 187. 1844.
16. Echinofossulocactus dichroacanthus (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3:
117. 1922.
Eehinocactus dichroacanthus Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 62. 1837.
Hidalgo.
Plant obovoid, dull green, 15 em. high, 10 cm. in diameter, somewhat um-
bilicate at apex; ribs 32, thin, acute, undulate, somewhat wavy; areoles only
a few on each rib, white-tomentose; upper spines 3, erect, flattened, purplish ;
radial spines 4 to 6, white.
17. Echinofossulocactus anfractuosus (Mart.) Lawrence in Loud. Gard. Mag.
17: 317. 1841.
Echinocactus anfractuosus Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 63. 1837.
Hidalgo.
Plant simple, somewhat longer than broad, 12.5 cm. long, 6 cm. in diameter,
dull green; ribs many (about 30, according to Schumann), compressed, wavy,
each bearing only a few areoles; spines somewhat curved, straw-colored with
brown tips; radial spines 7, stout, the 3 upper radials much larger, about
3 em. long, the 4 lower radials slender; central spine solitary, 2.5 em. long,
brownish; perianth segments purple with white margins.
-18. Echinofossulocactus tricuspidatus (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae
3: 117. 1922.
Echinocactus tricuspidatus Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 51. 1841.
Echinocactus melmsianus Wegener, Allg. Gartenz. 12: 65. 1844.
San Luis Potosi.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 939
Globose to short-cylindric, 5 to 8 em. broad; ribs numerous, 30 to 55, thin,
wavy; areoles at first lanate, afterwards naked; spines 5, the upper one thin,
compressed, sometimes 3-toothed at apex, 8 to 33 mm. long, reddish with a
black tip, the other 4 spines spreading, more or less appressed, straight or
recurved, gray or reddish with black tips, much shorter than the upper one;
flowers greenish yellow, 1.5 cm. long; inner perianth segments short-oblong,
obtuse, the outer ones more or less acute or apiculate; scales on the ovary
broadly ovate with a scarious margin and a more or less prominent cusp.
19. Echinofossulocactus phyllacanthus (Mart.) Lawrence in Loud. Gard
Mag. 17: 317. 1841.
Echinocactus phyllacanthus Mart. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 201. 1836.
Echinocactus phyllacanthoides Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 28. 1839.
Central Mexico.
Simple, depressed-globose to short-cylindric, 38 to 15 cm. high, 4 to 10 em.
in diameter, dull green; ribs 30 to 35, thin, undulate; areoles only a few
to a rib, white-tomentose when young; spines 5 to 9; upper spine, or rarely
2 spines, much elongate, erect or connivent over the top of the plant, flattened,
thin, somewhat annulate, 4 cm. long; other spines weak-subulate, usually
pale and spreading; flowers 15 to 20 mm. long, yellowish; inner perianth seg-
ments acute.
20. Echinofossulocactus lancifer (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8:
118. 1922.
Hehinocactus lancifer Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 7: 154. 1839.
EHchinocactus dietrichitti Heynhold, Nom. 2: 92. 1846.
Mexico, the locality not known.
Nearly ovoid, somewhat depressed at apex; ribs numerous, strongly com-
pressed, undulate; areoles few to each rib, when young tomentose; spines
&, white or brownish at apex, some of them broad and flat; flowers rather
large, rose-colored; flower tube described as long; perianth segments linear-
oblong, widely spreading.
21. Echinofossulocactus gladiatus (Link & Otto) Lawrence in Loud. Gard.
Mag. 17: 317. 1841.
Echinocactus gladiatus Link & Otto, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb.
3: 426. 1827.
Probably native of eastern Mexico.
Plant glaucescent, ovoid to oblong, 12.5 cm. high, 10 cm. in diameter with
a depressed apex covered with connivent spines; ribs prominent, rather
broad, obtuse, 14 to 22; spines 10, gray, 4 upper spines subulate, of these 3
usually ascending, the central spreading or porrect, the largest 5 em. long,
4 lower spines acicular.
22. Echinofossulocactus confusus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 120. 1922.
Native of Mexico, the range not known.
Simple, pale green, stout, columnar to short-clavate, 6 to 15 cm. high, 6
to S em. in diameter; ribs 26 to 30, thin, low, wavy; areoles 4 or 5 on each
rib, 2 to 3 cm. apart; spines all yellow, subulate; radial spines 4 or 5, only
slightly flattened, 7 to 10 mm. long; central spine solitary, up to 4 cm. long,
usually porrect; flowers purplish, 4 ecm. broad; perianth segments oblong,
acute.
The following species of Hchinocactus are perhaps referable to Hchinofos-
‘sulocactus, but they are still imperfectly unknown: EF. acanthion Salm-Dyck.
E. acroacanthus Stieber, H. adversispinus Miihlenpf., H. brachycentrus Salm-
Dyck, E. cereiformis DC., EF. debilispinus Berg, EF. ellemeetii Berg, EL. fleruosus
940 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Dietr., #. fluctuosus Dietr., H. foersteri Stieber, E. griseispinus Jacobi, LE.
hexacanthus Miihlenpf., HE. heyderi Dietr., E. hookeri Miihlenpf., EL. hystricho-
centrus Berg, H. linkeanus Dietr., E. macrocephalus Miihlenpf., E. mammillifer
Miquel, #. ochroleucus Jacobi, E. octacanthus Miihlenpf., HL. quadrinatus Wag-
ener, H. raphidacanthus Salm-Dyck, EH. raphidocentrus Jacobi, H. sulphureus
Dietr., H. teretispinus Lem., EH. tribolacanthus Monville, H. trifurcatus Jacobi.
33. FEROCACTUS Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 123. 1922.
Globular to cylindric, often large cacti; ribs thick and prominent; spines
well developed, either straight or hooked; areoles usually large, bearing flowers
only when young and then only just above the spine clusters, more or less
felted when young; flowers usually large, broadly funnel-shaped to campanu-
late, usually with a very short tube; stamens numerous, borne on the throat,
short; ovary and flower tube very scaly; scales naked in their axils; fruit
oblong, usually thick-walled and dry, dehiscing by a large basai pore; seeds
black, pitted, never tuberculate; embryo curved.
Besides the species here listed, one other is known, a native of the south-
western United States. The species of Ferocactus are well known in the arid
regions of Mexico and the United States because of their large size and abund-
ance, and the varied uses made of them. In the United States they are usu-
ally known by the name barrel cactus. By the Indians they were sometimes
employed as cooking vessels, the interior being scooped out and mashed, and
the water thus obtained being replaced in the cavity and heated with hot
stones, after which meat and other substances were placed in the liquid and
cooked. » The liquid obtained by crushing the pulp has sometimes been used
as a substitute for water in the desert. The pulp is often fed to horses and
cattle.
The candied pulp makes an excellent sweetmeat, which is much used in
Mexico and the southwestern United States, and is often sold in the eastern
United States as “cactus candy.” The Papago Indians of Arizona are re-
ported to have prepared a sweetmeat by boiling the pulp in the syrup of
Carnegiea gigantea.
The usual Mexican name for plants of the genus is “ biznaga’” or “ viz-
naga.” The name biznaga is applied in Spain to the parsnip (Pastinaca sativa),
and the word is of Arabic origin. The Mexican word, however, is believed to
have been derived from the Nahuatl, huitzli, spine, and nahuac, around, i. e.,
covered with spines. Concerning these plants Robelo’* writes as follows: “It
is well known that the Mexicans in their bloody and gloomy religion performed
the rite of sacrificing their flesh, drawing blood from the ears, thighs, arms,
and legs, nose, and even the tongue. For such sacrifices they employed the
spines of the biznaga and metl [maguey]; and these objects being consecrated
or even deified, the biznaga founded a cult, which was personified by a deity,
Huitznahuatl, to whom was erected a temple, Huitznahua-teapan, and to the
place where the spines were kept was given the name Huitzcalco.” The Mexi-
cans also used the name feocomitl, ‘divine vessel,” for the plants; while
Hernindez mentions the “ comitl,” ‘“ tepenexcomitl,” and “hueycomitl,” all of
which probably belong to this genus. The biznaga was sacred to the god Mix-
coatl.
Buelna reports the Otomi name as “pe,” and the name “ caballufia” is re-
ported for an unidentified species.
Clavigero gives a description of one one of the species of Ferocactus occuring
in Baja California, and says: ‘In New Spain some people use the spines for
1Anal. Mus. Nac. II. 2: 375. 1905.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 941
toothpicks, and in some of the missions of California they employed them for
knitting stockings, straightening out the tips and reducing the thicker part.
Among these spines the viznaga produces its handsome flowers, tinged with
white, red, and yellow, which are followed by the fruit, much smaller than
that of the tammid, and full, like that of the cardén, with viscous juice and
seeds, which latter the Californians eat, after preparing them like those of the
cardén. In Mexico they make a good sweetmeat from the juicy pulp
of the viznaga.” Clavigero also makes the following shrewd statement, which
indicates that he had no mean knowledge of plants: ‘“ It is certainly wonder-
ful that the plants of which I have spoken, and others of which I shall speak
later, have more juice in arid places than other kinds of trees have in humid
regions; but it is still more remarkable that they maintain themselves with-
out any deterioration with little or no dew, although it may not rain for 10
months or more, as often happens in California. I believe that these plants are
more juicy because they transpire less, inasmuch as they have no leaves, for
these, as is the fundamental belief of physicists, are the principal organs of
tranpiration among plants: it may be conjectured that the Creator denied
these plants leaves because He destined them to inhabit dry lands.”
Plants very large, often 1 meter high or more (except apparently nos. 2, 4,
and 5).
Areoles with a marginal row of bristles or hairs.
Areoles with weak marginal hairs.
Central spines yellowish; flowers yellow______________ 1. F. stainesii.
Central spines bright red; flowers red________________ 2. F. pringlei.
Areoles with marginal bristles.
Central spines hooked.
Central spines up to 12 ecm. long and 8 mm. wide____7. F. horridus.
Central spines 8 cm. long or less, 4 to 6 mm. wide.
Inner perianth segments pink.
Inner perianth segments linear______ sR Sees died sa 3. F. fordii.
Inner perianth segments oblong___________ 4, F. townsendianus.
Innner perianth segments yellow to red, the outer pinkish.
Inner perianth segments about 2 em. long; spines yellow to red.
5. F. chrysacanthus.
Inner perianth segments 4 to 5 cm. long; spines white to reddish.
-6. F. wislizeni.
Central spines straight or more or less curved but not hooked.
Central spines flexible, thin.
Central spines more or less appressed; seeds less than 2 mm. long.
8. F. lecontei.
Central spines more or less tortuous and spreading; seeds more
CHAE: cT TN. ALON Peek as a ed 9. F. acanthodes.
Central spines dagger-like, straight, erect________ 10. F. santa-maria.
Areoles without marginal hairs or bristles.
SpinesealligalikC sn aE aT es ee 11. F. diguetii.
Spines unlike, the radials different from the central.
Central spines more or less hooked.
Centrale spineLones . 2." ee es a a 12. F. covillei.
Centralgspines 4s: = Sines ere ee 13. F. peninsulae.
Central spines not hooked.
Flowers lemon-yellow ; inner perianth segments elongate.
14. F. rectispinus.
Flowers crimson; perianth segments all short________ 15. F. orcuttii.
79688—24——_7
942 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Plants much smaller, 60 cm. or less in diameter, sometimes forming large
clumps.
Areoles with stout spines and weak bristles__________--____ 16. F. robustus.
Areoles with stout spines only.
Spines never hooked.
Spines all straight.
Seales on ovary linear, with long-ciliate margins___20, F. flavovirens.
Scales on ovary broader than linear, not with long-ciliate margins.
Flowers 4 to 5 em. long; plants green.
Plants flattened; ribs acute; margin of scales of ovary not cili-
ete oy aden bat: aloe on ed ew bee Fyaeevin ogy Ly tole Sp 17. EF. echidne.
Plants rounded; ribs obtuse; margin of scales of ovary cili-
atere22_Useot Man grote os 5 Sheet 18. F. alamosanus.
Flowers 2 em. long; plants glaucous_-__________ 19. F. glaucescens.
Spines more or less curved.
Flowers 38.5 em. long or less; ribs up to 24____21. F. melocactiformis,
Flowers larger; ribs fewer.
Seales ‘onovarynacutestc) fee eh ee eee 22. EF. macrodiscus.
Seales tons ovary, JODtUSe! ames Se seer eee ae 23. F. viridescens.
Spines, at least some of them, hooked or recurved at the tip.
Central spines, or one of them, broad and short.
@entralispine solitary. 224 92 24s an eee ee ee 24. F. nobilis.
Central spines several.
Radial spines -all straights: = 2222 oe eee 25. F. latispinus.
Radial spines on lower side of areoles hooked_26. F. crassihamatus.
Central spines slender and elongate.
Blowers) large, \yellow22=—=- == eee 27. F. hamatacanthus.
Flowers small, pinkish to brownish___-___-__-______ 28. F. uncinatus.
1. Ferocactus stainesii (Hook.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8: 124. 1922.
Echinocactus stainesii Hook.; Audot, Rev. Hort. 6: 248. 1845.
Echinocactus pilosus Galeotti; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 148. 1850.
San Luis Potosi.
Simple or proliferous, globular, up to 1.5 meters high; ribs 13 to 20, com-
pressed, more or less undulate; areoles distant, circular; radial spines re-
duced to long white hairs; central spines several, subulate, at first purplish,
becoming pale yellow in age; flowers yellow.
2. Ferocactus pringlei (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 125. 1922.
Echinocactus pilosus pringlei Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 365. 1896.
Echinocactus pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 10: 127. 1906.
Coahuila and Zacatecas; type from Jimulco, Coahuila.
Growing in clumps, becoming cylindric, sometimes 3 meters high and 30 to
40 cm. in diameter; ribs usually 16 to 18, more or less compressed; areoles
numerous, closely set or contiguous, the outer margin with a row of white or
straw-colored hairs 2 to 4 em. long; spines red, the three lower one® slender,
almost acicular, the innermost much stouter, somewhat flattened, angular,
curved or nearly straight; flowers red without, yellow within, 2.5 cm. long;
scales on the ovary numerous, orbicular, imbricate; inner perianth segments
oblanceolate, obtuse or apiculate; fruit yellow, somewhat succulent, dehiscing
by ‘a basal pore, 3 to 4 cm. long, crowned by the persisting perianth; seeds 1.5
mm. long, brownish, pitted, with a small basal hilum. ‘“ Biznaga colorada ”’
(Zacatecas).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 943
3. Ferocactus fordii (Orcutt) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 126. 1922.
Echinocactus fordii Orcutt, Rev. Cact. 1: 56. 1899.
Baja California, the type from Lagoon Head.
Globose to short-cylindric, grayish green, 12 cm. in iaieeee ribs usually
21, about 1 cm. high; areoles about 2 cm. apart; radial spines whitish, acicular,
widely spreading, about 15; central spines usually 4; one of the centrals flat-
tened, porrect, longer than the others, with a curved or hooked tip, about 4
em. long, the others subulate, somewhat angled; flowers rose-colored, 3.5 to
4 cm. long; outer perianth segments ovate to ovate-oblong, acute; inner peri-
anth segments linear, acuminate; scales on the ovary broadly ovate.
4, Ferocactus townsendianus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 127. 1922.
Type from San Josef Island, Baja California.
Short-cylindric, 40 cm. high or more; ribs about 16, often spiraled, some-
what undulate; areoles large, distant; radial spines widely spreading, 14 to
16, 3 to 4 em. long, most of them threadlike, but often 2 or more above and
below subulate; central spines subulate, grayish, usually one curved or hooked
at apex, the others straight, all annulate; flowers 5 to 6 cm. long; outer peri-
auth segments ovate, reddish, with narrow yellow margins; inner perianth
segments oblong-lanceoiate with a narrow pink stripe down the center with
_ greenish yellow margins.
5. Ferocactus chrysacanthus (Orcutt) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 127. 1922
Echinocactus chrysacanthus Oreutt, Rev. Cact. 1: 56. 1899.
Baja California; type from Cedros Island.
Globose to cylindric; ribs about 18, tubercled; radial spines 4 to many,
slender, white; central spines sometimes as many as 10, 5 em. long, either
red or yellow, curved; flowers from near the center of the plant, 5 ecm. broad
when fully open; scales naked in the axils, closely set and overlapping, the
lower one orbicular and green, the upper ones more oval, brownish or with
brown tips, the margin thin, sometimes ciliate or ragged; outer perianth seg-
ments rather stiff, pinkish brown; inner perianth segments 2 em. long, satiny
yellow with a jagged or toothed margin; fruit yellow, 3 cm. long; seeds large,
black.
6. Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8: 127. 1922.
Echinocactus wislizeni Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 96. 1848.
Hchinocactus emoryi Hngelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. 1848.
Echinocactus falconeri Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 12: 162. 1902.
Chihuahua, Sonora, and Sinaloa. Texas to Arizona; type from Dona Ana,
New Mexico.
At first globular but becoming cylindric, when very old, 2 meters long or
more, usually simple, but when injured often giving off several heads or
branches; ribs numerous, often 25, 3 cm. high; areoles elliptic, sometimes 2.5
em. long, brown-felted, 2 to 3 cm. apart, or the flowering ones often approxi-
mate; spines variable; radials absent in young plants, threadlike to acicular,
the longest 5 em. long; central spines several, white to red, annular, all subu-
late, one of them much stouter, usually strongly flattened, strongly hooked;
flowers yellow, some red, 5 to 6 cm. long; fruit yellow, oblong, scaly, 4 to 5
em. long; seeds dull black, the surfaces covered with shallow indistinct pits.
“ Biznaga.”
The Pima Indians of Arizona ate the flesh of the plant after cutting it in
strips and boiling it.
944 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Ferocactus horridus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8: 128. 1922.
Type from San Francisquito Bay, Baja California.
Globular, 30 em. in diameter or more; ribs 13, broad, 2 cm. high, obtuse, not
tubercled; areoles 1.5 to 2.5 em. apart, large; radial spines 8 to 12, acicular,
spreading, white, 3 to 4 cm. long; central spines 6 to 8, very diverse, all
reddish, either spreading or porrect, all straight except 1, this much elongate,
often 12 cm. long, much flattened, very strongly hooked.
8. Ferocactus lecontei (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 129. 1922.
Echinocactus lecontei Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 274. 1856.
Sonora and Baja California. Utah, Arizona, and southern California.
Becoming cylindric, 2 meters high or more, rather slender; ribs 20 to 30,
somewhat undulate; areoles longer than broad; some of the radial spines
threadlike or bristly, the other radials and the central spines flattened and
flexible, usually appressed against the plant, most of them ascending, rarely
if ever hooked, white to red; flowers originally described as yellow, also re-
ported as red, 5 to 6 cm. long; fruit oblong, yellow; seeds minute, less than
2 mm. long, black, shiny, reticulate, slightly compressed.
9. Ferocactus acanthodes (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 129. 1922.
Echinocactus acanthodes Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 106. 1839.
Echinocactus cylindraceus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 275. 1856.
Northern Baja California. Nevada and southern California.
At first globular but in age cylindric, sometimes nearly 3 meters high, very
spiny; ribs often as many as 27, acute, 1 to 2 cm. high; areoles 1 cm. in
diameter or more, densely brown-felted when young, closely set, often nearly
contiguous; spines often white or pinkish or sometimes bright red; radial
spines weak, setiform or acicular, usually pungent, often spreading; central
spines subulate, slender, spreading, more or less flattened, annulate, tortuous
and more or less curved, but never hooked at tip, the longest 10 to 12 cm.
long; flowers yellow to orange, 4 to 6 cm. long, usually broader than long;
scales on ovary and flower tube imbricate, ovate, with a large purple blotch
on their back, gradually passing upward into the perianth segments; inner
perianth segments glossy, narrowly oblong to spatulate, obtusish, often toothed ;
fruit oblong, 3 cm. long, crowned by the scaly perianth, dry, dehiscing by a
basal pore; seeds black, 3.5 mm. long, pitted.
10. Ferocactus santa-maria Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 131. 1922.
Type from Santa Maria Bay, Baja California.
Cylindric, 60 em. high or more; ribs about 14; outer spines several, thread-
like; central spines in 2 series, all straight, grayish, annulate, subulate, the ©
central one stouter, flatter, ascending, somewhat curved at tip; old flowers
persisting, 6 to 7 cm. long; fruit 3 to 4 cm. long, bearing orbicular scales;
seeds 2 mm. long, finely reticulate.
11. Ferocactus diguetii (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 131. 1922.
Echinocactus diguetii Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 100. 1898.
Islands of the Gulf of California; type from Santa Catalina Island.
Plants very stout, usually 1 to 2 meters but sometimes 4 meters, high, 60 to
80 cm. in diameter or more; ribs sometimes as many as 39, rather thin; areoles
1 to 1.5 ecm. long, somewhat elliptic, approximate or on old plants coalescent ;
spines 6 to 8, yellow, subulate, 3 to 4 em. long, slightly curved and a little spread-
ing; flowers numerous, 3 to 3.5 cm. long; scales on ovary and flower tube
ovate, closely imbricate, thin on the margin and somewhat lacerate; inner
perianth segments red with yellow margins, oblong, 2 cm. long; tube of flower
below stamens very short; fruit scaly. ‘ Biznaga.”
_ STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 945
12. Ferocactus covillei Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 132. 1922.
Sonora, the type from Altar. Southern Arizona.
Plant simple, globular to short-cylindric, often 1.5 meters high; ribs 22 to
32, 2 to 4 em. high, rather thin, when young more or less tubercled, but when
old hardly undulate; areoles on small plants distant, often 3 to 4 cm. apart,
on old and flowering plants approximate or contiguous, densely brown-felted
when young, naked in age, the spine-bearing areoles large and circular, the
flowering areoles more elongate and complex, divided into three parts, the
lower part bearing spines, the central part spinescent bands, and the upper
part the flower; spines sometimes red to white; radial spines 5 to 8, some-
what spreading, subulate, straight or more or less curved backward, 3 to 6 cm.
long, annulate; central spine always solitary, very variable, straight or with
the tip bent or even strongly hooked, annulate, terete to strongly flattened
or 3-angled, 3 to 8 em. long; upper areoles of old plants bearing 5 to 7 glands,
becoming spinescent, 5 to 6 mm. long; flowers described as red, tipped with
yellow, sometimes reported as yellow throughout, 6 to 7 cm. long; inner perianth
segments linear-oblong, acuminate, often serrate; fruit oblong, 5 cm. long,
bearing a few broad scales; seeds black, dull or shining, nearly smooth or
slightly pitted, 2 mm. long.
13. Ferocactus peninsulae (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 133. 1922.
Echinocactus peninsulae Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 320. 1895.
Southern Baja California.
' Simple, erect, 2.5 meters high, clavate to cylindric; ribs 12 to 20, prominent ;
areoles 4 cm. apart or even less in old plants; spines red with yellow tips;
radial spines 11, spreading, straight, terete, more or less annulate, the lower
ones stouter and more colored; central spines 4.
14. Ferocactus rectispinus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 134. 1922.
Echinocactus emoryi rectispinus Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
3: 362. 1896.
Echinocactus rectispinus Britt. & Rose, Journ. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 12: 269. 1911.
Central Baja California; type from Mulegé.
Globose to cylindric, 1 to 2 meters high; radial spines 8 to 12, the three up-
per spines stouter and sometimes curved; central spine one, 9 to 13 cm. long,
rather slender, nearly straight, never hooked; flowers 6 cm. long, yellowish;
seales on ovary rounded, thin-margined, sometimes ciliate, naked in the axils;
inner perianth segments lemon-yellow, lanceolate, 5 em. long, acuminate.
15. Ferocactus orcuttii (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 134. 1922.
Echinocactus orcuttii Engelm. West. Amer. Sci. 2: 46. 1886.
Type from Palm Valley, Baja California.
Single, or cespitose in clusters of 15 to 20 stems, 60 to 130 cm. high, 25 to 45
em. in diameter; ribs 13 to 30, somewhat spiraled, obtuse, somewhat tubercu-
late; areoles approximate; spines reddish, straight or simply curved, all annu-
late, angled or flat; radial spines 9 to 18, spreading; central spines 4, stouter
than the radials; flower 3 to 5 em. long, dull crimson; perianth segments
short-oblong, rounded at apex with a more or less erose margin; scales on the
ovary orbicular, small; fruit described as pulpy, crimson, scaly; seeds numer-
ous, small.
16. Ferocactus robustus (Link & Otto) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 135. 1922.
Echinocactus robustus Link & Otto, Allg. Gartenz. 1: 364. 1833.
Puebla, the type from Tehuacan. 3
In large clumps, often 3 meters, rarely 5 meters in diameter, 1 to 1.3 meters
high, with hundreds of branches; ribs 8, prominent in young growth, but be-
946 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
coming indistinct in age, somewhat undulate; areoles brown-felted when young;
radial spines ascending, about 10, often threadlike; central spines subulate,
about 6, brown at first, somewhat flattened, annulate, often 6 cm. long; flowers
3.5 to 4 em. long; inner pertanth segments oblong, acute, yellowish; scales on
ovary broad, rounded at tip; fruit 2 to 2.5 em. long; seeds black, oblong, 1.5 nm.
long.
17. Ferocactus echidne (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 136. 1922.
Echinocactus echidne DC. Mém. Cact. 19. 1834.
Echinocactus vanderaeyi Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 20. 1838.
Echinocactus dolichanthus Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. 25. 18388.
Echinocactus gilvus Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 18: 170. 1845.
Hechinocactus victoriensis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 291. 1909.
Tamaulipas to Hidalgo; type from Hidalgo.
Depressed-globose, 12.5 em. high, 18 em. in diameter, green; ribs 13, acute,
broad at base; areoles remote, velvety when young, oval; radial spines rigid,
about 7, about 2 em. long, yellow; central spine solitary, porrect, 3 cm. long
or more; flowers lemon-yellow; perianth segments linear-oblong, acute, some-
times toothed near apex; scales on the ovary ovate, acute. “ Biznaga” (Ta-
maulipas).
18. Ferocactus alamosanus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 137. 1922.
Echinocactus alamosanus Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 239.
1913.
Sonora, the type from Alamos.
Plants usually single, sometimes in clusters, somewhat flattened above, green,
30 em. in diameter or more; ribs about 20, narrow; spines all yellow; radials
usually 8, 3 to 4 cm. long, more or less spreading; central single, porrect or
erect, somewhat flattened laterally, 6 em. long and a little longer than the
radials; flower buds covered with ovate ciliate scales, these brownish except
in the margin.
19. Ferocactus glaucescens (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 137. 1922.
Echinocactus glaucescens DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 115. 1828.
Echinocactus pfeifferi Zuce.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 58. 1837.
Eastern central Mexico; type from Tolimén.
Globular, 20 to 40 em. in diameter, or a little higher than broad, glaucous;
ribs 11 to 15, somewhat flattened, acute, 2 to 3 cm. high; areoles 8 to 12 mm.
apart, oblong, 12 to 20 mm. long, yellowish, tomentose when young; radial
spines 6, nearly equal, rigid, only slightly spreading, straight, 2.5 to 3 cm.
long, pale yellow at first, when old blackish, more or less banded; central
spine solitary, similar to the radials; flowers yellow, 2 cm. long, perhaps
broader when fully expanded; outer perianth segments ovate, acuminate, some-
times brownish on the back, ciliate; inner perianth segments oblong, usually
only acute, somewhat toothed or lacerate; scales on the ovary brownish, ovate,
acute, ciliate, imbricate.
20. Ferocactus flavovirens (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 188. 1922.
Echinocactus flavovirens Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 50. 1841.
Vicinity of Tehuacéin, Puebla.
Plant cespitose, forming great masses, pale green, 30 to 40 cm. high; stems
10 to 20 em. in diameter; ribs 13, rarely 11 or 12, 1 to 2 cm. high, acute,
somewhat sinuate; areoles 2 cm. apart, large, grayish, woolly; spines pale
brown, becoming gray in age, long and stout; centrals 4, much longer than
the radials, somewhat unequal, the longer ones 5 to 8 em. long; flower buds
globular, covered with long linear imbricate scales, their margins ciliate with
long hairs.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 947
21. Ferocactus melocactiformis (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8: 138. 1922.
Echinocactus melocactiformis DC. Prodr. 3: 462. 1828.
Echinocactus histrix DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 115. 1828.
Echinocactus coulteri Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 162. 1834.
Echinocactus oxypterus Zuce.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 57. 1837.
Hehinocactus electracanthus Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 24. 1888.
EHehinocactus lancifer Reichenb.; Terscheck, Cat. Suppl. 2.
Eastern Mexico.
Simple, cylindric, 50 to 60 cm. in diameter, bluish green; ribs about 24;
areoles 2 to 3 cm. apart; spines usually 10 to 12, a little curved, yellow,
becoming brown, of these 6 to 8 slender-subulate, 2 to 3 em. long, more or less
spreading, 3 or 4 spines more central than the others, but usually only one
definitely sc, much stouter and longer, 4 to 6 em. long, porrect or ascending,
annulate; flowers 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, bright yellow, sometimes reddish with-
out; inner perianth segments linear-oblong, acute, somewhat spreading; scales
on the ovary ovate, acute, small, 2 to 4 mm. long, somewhat ciliate; fruit
short-oblong, about 2 cm. long, somewhat edible; seeds minute, 1 mm. long,
brown. ‘ Biznaga costillona” (Durango, : Patoni).
22. Ferocactus macrodiscus (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 139. 1922.
Echinocactus macrodiscus Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 341. 1832.
San Luis Potosi and southward.
Simple, depressed-globose or sometimes short-cylindric, sometimes 45 cm.
in diameter; ribs 16, perhaps more in some specimens, somewhat flattened,
sometimes acute, somewhat depressed at the distant areoles; spines all yel-
low, more or less curved backward; radial spines 6 to 8, mostly 2 to 3 cm.
“long; central spines 4, stouter and flatter than the radials, 3.5 cm. long;
flowers 5 cm. long, dark red to purple, obconic; inner perianth segments linear-
oblong, acute.
23. Ferocactus viridescens (Torr. & Gray) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 140.
1922.
Echinocactus viridescens Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 554. 1840.
Echinocactus limitus Engelm.; Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 374. 1896.
Northern Baja California. Southern California, the type from San Diego.
At first nearly globose or somewhat depressed, in age becoming cylindric, 30 to
45 cm. high, 25 to 35 cm. in diameter, simple or cespitose, deep green, somewhat
glossy; ribs 13 to 21, somewhat rounded, 1 to 2 cm. high, obtuse, undulate;
areoles narrow, elliptic, 1 to 2 em. long, spine-bearing in the lower part, felted
in upper part, flower-bearing and also with several reddish glands, these
becoming elongate and spinescent in age; spines at first bright red, becoming
duller by age or turning yellow or horn-colored; radial spines 9 to 20, more or
less spreading, 1 to 2 cm. long; central spines 4, the lower one stouter and
more flattened, up to 3.5 cm. long; flowers yellowish green, 4 cm. long;
perianth segments oblong, obtuse, sometimes apiculate, more or less serrulate;
seales on the ovary orbicular, imbricate; fruit 1.6 to 2 em. long, reddish, with a
pleasant acid taste; seeds 1.6 mm. long, pitted.
24. Ferocactus nobilis (L.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 141. 1922.
Cactus nobilis L. Mant. Pl. 243. 1767.
Cactus recurvus Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cactus no. 3. 1768.
Hchinocactus recurvus Link & Otto, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 3:
pl. 20. 1827.
FHechinocactus spiralis, Karw.; Pfeiff. Hnum. Cact. 60. 1837.
948 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Echinocactus curvicornis Miquel, Linnaea 12: 5. 18388.
Echinocactus stellatus Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 338. 1840.
Echinocactus solenacanthus Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 50. 1841.
Eastern Mexico.
Globular; ribs 15; radial spines straight, widely spreading; central spine
solitary, erect, 7 cm. long, broad and flat, recurved at tip, brownish red;
flowers 2.5 to 4 em. long; perianth segments narrow, acute, red with white
margins; ovary covered with ovate imbricate scales; fruit short, oblong, 2 cm.
long, 12 mm. in diameter.
25. Ferocactus latispinus (Haw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 143. 1922.
Cactus latispinus Haw. Phil. Mag. 68: 41. 1824.
Echinocactus cornigerus DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 36. 1828.
Eechinocactus latispinus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 533. 1880.
Widely distributed in Mexico.
Plant simple, globular or somewhat depressed, 25 to 40 em. high, 40 cm.
in diameter; ribs 15 to 28, but usually 21, prominent; areoles large; radial
spines 6 to 10, slender, annulate, white to rose, 2 to 2.5 em. long; central
spines 4 or more, stouter and more highly colored than the radials, all straight
except one, this much flattened and hooked; flowers campanulate, 2.5 to 3.5
em. long, rose to purple; perianth segments narrowly oblong, acute; scales on
ovary closely imbricate, thin and papery, ovate, with thin ciliate margins;
scales on flower tube similar to those on ovary but more elongate; fruit
elongate, 4 cm. long; seeds described as reniform, slightly pitted, 1.5 mm. long.
“‘Biznaga de chilitos” (Durango, Oaxaca); ‘‘ biznaga ganchuda” (Zacatecas,
Patoni).
*
26. Ferocactus crassihamatus (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8: 144. 1922.
Echinocactus crassihamatus Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 468. 1896.
Echinocactus mathssonii Berger, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 76. 1897.
Querétaro.
Simple, globose to short-cylindric, pale green, somewhat glaucous; ribs 13,
rather prominent, obtuse, strongly undulate; areoles large, only a few on
each rib; radial spines 8, spreading, the upper ones straight, 2 or 3 of the
lower ones hooked; central spines 5, longer and stouter than the radials, usu-
ally red, the stoutest one porrect and hooked; flowers about 2 em. long, purple;
inner perianth segments linear-oblong, acute.
27. Ferocactus hamatacanthus (Miihlenpf.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 144.
1922.
Echinocactus hamatacanthus Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 371. 1846.
Echinocactus flexispinus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 111. 1848.
Echinocactus longihamatus Galeotti; Pfeiff. Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 16.
1848.
Echinocactus sinuatus Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 19: 345. 1851.
Echinocactus treculianus Labour. Monogr. Cact. 202. 1853.
Echinocactus flavispinus Meinsh. Wochenschr. Girtn. Pflanz. 1: 28. 1858.
Echinocactus haematochroanthus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 532.
1880.
Northern Mexico. Texas and New Mexico.
Solitary, globular to oblong, up to 60 em. high; ribs usually 13, sometimes
17, strongly tubercled, 2 to 5 em. high; areoles large, 1 to 3 cm. apart; radial
spines about 12, acicular, terete, 5 to 7 em. long; central spines 4, elongate,
angled, sometimes 15 cm. long, one of them hooked at apex; flowers 7 to 8
em. long, yellow, in some forms said to be scarlet within; fruit oblong, 2 to
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 949
5 em. long, fleshy, edible, dark brown to drab-colored; seeds pitted. “ Biznaga
de tuna” (Tamaulipas); “biznaga de limilla” (Nuevo Leén); “ limilla,”
“biznaga costillona,” ‘“biznaga espinosa,” “biznaga ganchuda” (Durango,
Patoni).
Safford reports that in Nuevo Leén the fruit is used in cooking as a substi-
tute for lemons.
28. Ferocactus uncinatus (Galeotti) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 146. 1922.
Echinocactus uncinatus Galeotti; Pfeiff. Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 18. 1848.
Echinocactus ancylacanthus Monville; Labour. Monogr. Cact..201. 1853.
Central and eastern Mexico. Western Texas.
Plant short-cylindric, 10 to 20 cm. high, bluish, slightly glaucous, with spin-
dle-shaped roots; ribs usually 13, straight, strongly tubercled, undulate; flower-
ing areoles narrow, extending from the spine clusters to the base of the
tubercles with the flower at the opposite end, felted; areoles also bearing one
or more large flat yellow glands, these surrounded by a ring of short yel-
low hairs; central spine usually solitary, 12 cm. long or less, erect, yellow
below, reddish above, hooked at tip; 3 lower radial spines spreading or
reflexed, hooked; upper radials straight; flowers brownish, 2 to 2.5 em. long,
widely spreading; perianth segments numerous, linear-oblong; scales on ovary
and flower tube triangular, scarious-margined, in age broadly auriculate at
base; fruit oblong, 2 cm. long, at first green, turning brown to crimson and
finally scarlet, naked except the appressed scales, somewhat fleshy, edible;
seeds black, oblong, 1 to 1.5 mm. long, with basal hilum.
29. Ferocactus rostii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8: 146. 1922.
Northern Baja California. Southeastern California.
Sometimes growing in clumps of 8 to 10 heads but usually slender-cylindrie,
up to 3 meters high; ribs 16 to 22, rather low (hardly 1 em. high), obtuse,
somewhat tubercled; areoles large, white-felted, approximate; spine clusters
closely set, the spines interlocking and almost hiding the body of the plant;
radial bristles sometimes wanting but when present 2 to 8, white or yel-
lowish; spines about 12, sometimes fewer, 3 or 4 central, those on the lower
part of the plant more or less spreading, those at or near the top erect, some-
what flexible, flattened, annulate, pungent, either straight or curved at apex,
perhaps never hooked, usually yellow but sometimes reddish on young plants
but also turning yellow in age; flowers dark yellow; fruit red.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
The following are perhaps of this genus:
ECHINOCACTUS HAEMATACANTHUS Monville; Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 466. 1896.
Reported from Puebla.
Simple, sometimes perhaps proliferous, short-cylindric, 50 em. high, 30 cm.
in d'ameter; ribs 12 to 20, stout, light green; spines all straight, reddish
with yellowish tips, the radials 6, the centrals 4, 3 to 6 cm. long; flowers fun-
nelform, 6 cm. long, purple; scales of ovary round, white-margined; fruit
ovoid, 3 cm. long.
ECHINOCACTUS RAFAELENSIS Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 163. 1912.
Type from Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi.
In clusters of 8 to 10, globose to short-cylindric, light green, at the apex
slightly depressed and woolly; ribs 13 to 20, prominent; areoles elliptic;
radial spines 7 to 9, 3 cm. long, the upper ones somewhat connivent; central
spine solitary, 4 to 6 cm. long.
79688—24—8
.
950 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
34. ECHINOMASTUS Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 147. 1922.
Plants small, globular or short-cylindric, ribbed, the ribs low,,more or less
spiraled, divided into definite tubercles; areoles bearing several acicular spines
with or without stouter central ones; flowers central, medium-sized, borne at
the spine areoles, usually purple; fruit small, short-oblong, scaly, becoming
dry, dehiscing by a basal opening; scales few, their axils naked; seed large,
muricate, black, with a depressed ventral hilum.
One other species occurs in Arizona.
Areoles elongate; with more or less pectinate spines.
Central spines unlike, one or two of them different from the others.
1. E. intertextus.
Central spines nearlyaalike =. 2s) s. 2 Sa ee ee 2. E. dasyacanthus.
Areoles circular.
Central spines subulate, some of them strongly curved__3. E. unguispinus.
Central spines acicular.
Plants globular; ribs 20 to 25; radial spines white____4. E. macdowellii.
Plants ovoid; ribs 18 to 21; radial spines'with black tips.
5. E. durangensis.
1. Echinomastus intertextus (Hngelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 149. 1922.
Echinocactus intertertus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 277. 1856.
Cereus pectinatus centralis Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 386. 1896.
Echinocereus centralis Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 293. 1909.
Northern Mexico. Texas to Arizona.
Simple, globular or nearly so, 2.5 to 10 em. in diameter; ribs 18, somewhat
acute, more or less divided into tubercles; areoles 5 to 6 mm. apart, some-
what elliptic; spines rigid, red with darker tips; radial spines 16 to 25, ap-
pressed, 8 to 15 mm. long, 3 or 4 of the upper radial spines white or nearly
so, more slender than the others, almost bristle-like; central spines 4, subulate,
3 of them turned upward and similar to the radials, 10 to 18 mm. long, the
other one very short, porrect; flowers 2.5 cm. long, nearly as broad as long,
purplish; outer perianth segments about 20, broadly ovate, white-margined ;
inner perianth segments 20 to 25, oblong, mucronate; fruit nearly globular, $
to 10 mm. in diameter, with a few scarious scales; seeds black, shining, 2 mm.
in diameter.
2. Echinomastus dasyacanthus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 150.
1922.
Echinocactus intertextus dasyacanthus Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 277.
1856.
Southwestern Texas, the type from El Paso; doubtless occurring also in
Chihuahua.
Plants cylindric, 10 to 15 em. high; ribs somewhat spiraled, made up of nu-
merous compressed tubercles; spines slender, more or less purplish; radials
19 to 25, 12 to 22 mm. long; centrals about 4, nearly equal; top of flowering
plant and young areoles very woolly; scales and outer perianth segments red
with white margins; inner perianth segments white or purplish, about 2.5 em.
long, acute or acuminate; ovary bearing a few ovate scales, these naked in
their axils.
3. Echinomastus unguispinus (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 150. 1922.
Hechinocactus unguispinus Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 111. 1848.
Echinocactus trollietii Rebut, Balt. Cact. Journ. 2: 147. 1895.
Chihuahua and Zacatecas; type from Pelayo, Chihuahua.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 951
Plants simple, usually globular, sometimes short-cylindric, 10 to 12 cm. high
when mature, pale bluish green; ribs low; areoles woolly when young, circular ;
armament very peculiar, at times almost hiding the plant, most of the spines
being erect or connivent; radial spines widely spreading, often as many as 25,
usually white, except the tips, these darker, the upper ones 2 cm. long, a little
longer than the lower; central spines 4 to 8, stouter than the radials, at first
reddish or black, but becoming grayish blue in age, the lowest turned outward
and downward and all more or less curved; flowers 2.5 cm. long, reddish.
4. Echinomastus macdowellii (Rebut) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 151. 1922.
Hechinocactus macdowellii Rebut ; Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 133. 1894.
Northern Mexico.
Simple, globular or a little depressed, about 7 em. high, 12 cm. in diameter,
covered with a mass of interlocking spines; ribs 20 to 25, pale green, 5 to 7
mm. high, divided into tubercles; radial spines 15 to 20, white, spreading, up
to 1.8 em. long; central spines 3 or 4, dark colored, the longest up to 5 em.
in length; flowers rose-colored, up to 4 em. long; ovary globose, said to be
scaly.
5. Echinomastus durangensis (Riinge) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 152. 1922.
Echinocactus durangensis Riinge, Hamb. Gartenz. 46: 231. 1890.
Zacatecas and Durango. f
Simple, ovoid, about 8 em. long, 7 cm. in diameter; ribs 18 to 21, low; are-
oles white-woolly when young, but without wool when old; radial spines 15
to 30, the lower shorter than the upper, more or less incurved, white except
the black tips, 1.5 cm. long; central spines 3 or 4, a little longer than the
radials, acicular, about 2 cm. long.
385. ECHINOCACTUS Link & Otto, Wochenschr. Ver. Beférd. Gartenb. 3: 420.
1827,
Plants very large, thick, cylindric and many-ribbed, or low and several-
ribbed, the top clothed with a dense mass of wool or nearly naked; areoles
very spiny, large, those on the upper part of old plants sometimes united;
flowers from the crown of the plant, often partly hidden by the dense wool
at the top, usually yellow, rarely pink, of medium size; outer perianth seg-
ments narrow, sometimes terminating in pungent tips; inner perianth seg-
ments oblong, thinner than the outer, obtuse; scales on flower tube numerous,
imbricate, persistent, pungent; scales on ovary small, often linear, their axils
filled with matted wool; fruit densely covered with white wool, thin-walled,
oblong; seeds blackish, smooth, shining, or rarely papillose, with a small sub-
basal hilum.
One other species is known, a native of Utah and Arizona.
Plants very large, often becoming cylindric.
SDIME Stet lvoe ING. VO O Wi at a ea are 1. E. grusonii.
Spines brown to gray, rarely some of them yellowish.
Inner perianth segments linear-oblong, entire______________ 2. E. ingens.
Inner perianth segments oblong, more or less toothed or lacerate.
SpInes walle Of (ONG skin Cae = see = = ee Ss 3. E. visnaga.
Spines both radial and central.
Central spine solitary.
Flowers 4 to 5 cm. long; central spine 4 to 5 cm. long, nearly
| OVI ©) eae pt ane ea a np Pl gO aay be eee 4. E. grandis.
Flowers 3 cm. long; central spine 3 cm. long, grayish in age.
5. E. platyacanthus,
Genirale spines S@veralesr=— 2s. ee ee 6. E. palmeri.
952 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Plants relatively small, subglobose.
NO WeeTS > SU Wie aha ihe Ne pte De a ade poten Le 7. E. polycephalus. —
BiLOWwers: “orm Kaos a kt ee eee Se 8. E. horizonthalonius.
1. Echinocactus grusonii Hildemann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 4. 1891.
San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo.
Plants single, depressed-globose, 20 to 130 cm. high or more, often 40 to 80
em. in diameter, light green; ribs 21 to 87, rather thin and high; spines when
young golden yellow, becoming pale and nearly white, in age dirty brown;
radial spines 8 to 10, subulate, 3 cm. long; central spines usually 4, up to 5 cm.
long; flowers 4 to 6 cm. long, 5 cm. broad at top, the segments never widely
spreading; flower tube 3 cm. broad, covered with lanceolate long-acuminate
seales; outer perianth segments long-acuminate, brownish on the outside, yel-
lowish within; inner perianth segments cadmium-yellow, erect, narrowly
lanceolate, acuminate; ovary spherical, bearing acuminate scales with an
abundance of wool in their axils; fruit oblong to spherical, 12 to 20 mm. long,
thin-walled, covered with white wool or becoming naked below; seeds smooth,
dark chestnut-brown, shining, 1.5 mm. long.
Echinocactus corynacanthus Scheidw. and H#. galeottti Scheidw. (Allg. Gar-
tenz. 9: 50. 1841) may belong here.
2. Echinocactus ingens Zucc.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 54. 1887.
Hidalgo and elsewhere in central Mexico.
Globular to short-oblong, 150 cm. high, 125 em. in diameter (but reported b3
Karwinsky to be 5 to 6 feet in diameter), glaucescent, somewhat purplish, very
woolly at the top; ribs numerous, tuberculate; areoles large, distant, 2.5 to 3
cm. apart, bearing copious yellow wool; spines brown, straight, rigid, 2 to 3 cm.
long; radial spines 8; central spine 1; perianth 2 cm. long, 3 ecm. broad; inner
perianth segments linear-oblong, yellow, entire, obtuse; fruit ovoid, 3 cm. long,
copiously covered by wool, coming from the axils of small scales; seeds large,
black, shining, reniform.
8. Echinocactus visnaga Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 77: pl. 4559. 1851.
San Luis Potosi.
Very large, 2 to 3 meters high, 70 to 100 em. in diameter, glaucous-green, the
summit covered with a mass of tawny wool; ribs 15 to 40, somewhat undulate
but hardly tubercled, acute; areoles large, approximate and sometimes almost
touching one another; spines 4, stout, subulate, all radial, the upper one erect,
5 em. long, the 3 lower spreading, pale brown; flowers yellow, 7 to 8 cm. broad
when fully expanded; inner perianth segments numerous, oblong, spatulate,
acute, serrate, 3.5 long; ovary elongate, 8 to 10 cm. long, crowned by the per-
sistent perianth, densely lanate; scales on upper part of ovary, at least, narrow,
subpungent. .
4. Echinocactus grandis Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 10: 126. 1906.
Puebla, the type from Tehuacan.
Simple, cylindric, 1 to 2 meters high, 60 to 100 cm. in diameter, dull green
and, when young, with broad horizontal bands, very woolly at the crown;
ribs on young plants as few as 8, broad, high, and more or less undulate,
but in old plants very numerous and rather thin; areoles remote on young
plants, confluent in old flowering plants; spines stout, subulate, distinctly
banded, especially the stouter ones, at first yellowish but soon reddish brown;
radial spines usually 5 or 6, 3 to 4 cm. long, central spine solitary, 4 to
5 em. long, straight; flowers numerous, yellow, 4 to 5 cm. long; scales on the
ovary linear, their axils bearing an abundance of wool covering the ovary
lee en sina ng 5
a
ae
7, aa eee ee,
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 953
with. a dense felty mass; upper scales narrow, rigid, more or less spiny-
tipped; outer perianth segments ovate, long-apiculate, with ciliate margins;
inner segments oblong, obtuse, retuse or apiculate, serrulate; fruit hidden in
a mass of soft white wool, oblong, 4 to 5 cm. long; seeds black, shining, 2.5
mm. long.
5. Echinocactus platyacanthus Link & Otto, Wochenschr. Ver. Befdérd.
Gartenb. 3: 423. 1827.
Eastern Mexico.
Stems nearly globular, 50 cm. high, 60 ecm. broad, light green, very woolly
at apex; ribs 21 to 30, acute; spines brownish at first, grayish in age;
radial spines 4, spreading. 12 to 16 mm. long; central spines 3 or 4, spread-
ing, 3 cm. long; flowers 3 cm. long, long-woolly; outer perianth segments
lanceolate, mucronate; inner perianth segments obtuse, yellow.
6. Echinocactus palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 299. 1909.
Coahuila to Zacatecas; type from Concepcién del Rio, Zacatecas.
Stems 1 to 2 meters high, 40 to 50 em. in diameter; ribs 12 to 26, or per-
haps more in large plants; central spines 4, annular, the upper one erect,
6 to 8 em. long, stout, straight, yellow above, brownish and somewhat
swollen at base, the 3 lower ones shorter, spreading, similar in color and
_markings but flattened; radial spines 5 to 8, much smaller, lighter colored
and weaker; flowers yellow, rather small; perianth segments about 2 em. long,
more or less lacerate along the margin; fruit about 3 cm. long, hidden in a
dense covering of soft white wool; scales weak and bristle-tipped. ‘“ Biznaga
burra” (Zacatecas).
7. Echinocactus polycephalus Hngelm. & Bigel. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 276. 1856.
Northern Sonora; reported from Baja California. Utah and Arizona to
California; type from the Mojave River, California.
Solitary when young, in age forming large clumps of 20 to 30 heads, each
globular to short-cylindric, sometimes as much as 70 ecm. high but usually
smaller; ribs 13 to 21, rather stout, 2 to 3 em. high, somewhat undulate, nearly
hidden under the dense spine armament; areoles 10 to 12 mm. in diameter,
1 to 3.5 cm. apart; spines 7 to 15, when young covered with a downy felt but
afterwards glabrate, reddish, subulate, more or less flattened, the radials 2.5
to 5 em. long; central spines 4, stouter than the radials, 3 to 9 em. long, more
or less annulate; flowers yellow, 5 to 6 cm. long; scales on ovary minute,
hidden under the mass of long wool borne in their axils; scales on flower
tube numerous, only a little longer than the wool, chartaceous, pungent; inner
perianth segments linear-oblong, 2.5 to 3 em. long, entire, obtuse; fruit densely
woolly, crowned by the somewhat spinescent scales, globose to oblong, dry, 1.5
to 2.5 em. long, dehiscing by a basal pore; seeds angled, papillose, dull black, 3
to 4 mm. long.
8. Echinocactus horizonthalonius Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 19. 1839.
Echinocactus equitans Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 61: 88. 1839.
Echinocactus laticostatus Engelm. & Bigel. U. S.-Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4:
32. 1856.
Northern Mexico. Western Texas to Arizona.
Simple, globular or sometimes depressed or short-cylindric, 4 to 25 cm. high,
glaucous; ribs 7 to 13, obtuse, often spirally arranged; spines 6 to 9, some-
what curved or straight, 2 to 4 cm. long, often very stout, more or less flat-
tened, often annulate, reddish or sometimes blackish at base; central spine
solitary, stouter than the radials; flowers pale rose to pink, 5 to 7 em. long
before expanding, broader than long when fully open; outer perianth seg-
954 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ments linear with more or less pungent tips; inner perianth segments. nar-
rowly oblong, about 3 cm. long; ovary and fruit bearing linear scales, their
axils very woolly; fruit dehiscing by a basal pore, oblong, red, 3 cm. long,
clothed with long white wool; seeds 2 mm. long, more or less angled, brownish
black, papillose. ‘Manca mula,” “biznaga meloncillo,” ‘“ biznaga de dulce”
(Durango, Patoni) ; “ manca caballo” (Zacatecas) ; “ biznaga’” (Texas).
The flesh of the young plants is said to be employed for making a sweet-
meat, like that prepared from Ferocactus.
386. HOMALOCEPHALA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 181. 1922.
A single species is known.
1. Homalocephala texensis (Hopffer) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 8: 181. 1922.
Echinocactus terensis Hopffer, Allg. Gartenz. 10: 297. 1842.
Echinocactus platycephalus Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 9. 1848.
Northern Mexico. Texas and New Mexico; type from Texas.
Usually simple, sometimes globose, but generally much depressed, in large
plants 30 cm. broad, 10 to 15 em. high; ribs 18 to 27, very prominent, acute;
areoles only 2 to 6 to a rib, densely white-felted when young, large; radial
spines usually 6, rarely 7, spreading or recurved, more or less flattened, un-
equal, 1.2 to 4 cm. long, rarely 5 cm. long, reddish, more or less annulate;
central spine solitary, longer than the radials, 3 to 6.5 em. long, 3 to 8 mm.
broad, much flattened, strongly annulate; flowers broadly campanulate, 5 to
6 em. long and fully as broad, scarlet and orange below, pink to nearly white
above; outer perianth segments linear with more or less lacerate margins and
terminated by long spinose tips; inner perianth segments with less pungent
tip or without any, but with strongly lacerate margins; stigma lobes 10, linear,
pale pink; scales on ovary and flower tube linear, pungent; fruit scarlet,
globular, 16 to 40 mm. in diameter, nearly smooth when mature, at first pulpy
but becoming dry and apparently splitting open unequally; seeds large, uni-
form, black, smooth, shining, somewhat flattened, angled on the back, 3 mm.
broad. ‘“ Manca caballo” (Nuevo Leén).
37. ASTROPHYTUM Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 3. 1839.
Plants globular or more or less flattened to short-cylindric; ribs few, very
prominent, more or less covered with white radiating hairy scales; spines
usually wanting, weak or subulate in two species; flowers borne at the top
of the plant, large, yellowish with a reddish center, soon fading, persistent,
campanulate to short-funnelform ; fruit globular, covered with brown scarious
imbricate scales, these woolly in their axils, and more or less pungent; seeds
dark brown, smooth and shining, with a large depressed hilum having inturned
margins.
The following are the only species known.
Spines none.
Plants globular to columnar; flowers 4 to 6 cm. long____1. A. myriostigma.
Plants much depressed; flowers 3 cm. long______________ 2. A. asterias.
Spines present.
Spines flat, ribbon-like, hardly pungent________________ 8. A. capricorne.
SPIDes* SUbUAteLY LS SSS eS ee Oe 4, A. ornatum.
1. Astrophytum myriostigma Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 4. 1839.
Cereus callicoche Galeotti; Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 67: 88. 1839.
Echinocactus. myriostigma Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1844. 22. 1845.
Northern Central Mexico; occurring in Coahuila and San Luis Potosi and
elsewhere.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. " AOBH
Plants solitary or cespitose, globular to cylindric, up to 60 cm. high; ribs
usually 5, sometimes 6, 8, or rarely even 10, very broad, acute, usually covered
with white woolly scales but sometimes naked; spines wanting, at least on old
plants; flowers 4 to 6 cm. long; outer perianth segments narrow, with brown
searious tips; inner perianth segments oblong; scales on ovary and flower tube
scarious, imbricate, narrow, often bristiy-tipped, with long wool in their axils.
‘Mitra’? (San Luis Potosi); “birreta de obispo” (Coahuila); “ bonete”,
“peyote cimarrén” (Durango).
2. Astrophytum asterias (Zucc.) Lem. Cact. 50. 1868.
Echinocactus asterias Zace. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 4?: 13. 1845.
Tamaulipas and Nuevo Le6én, and elsewhere in northern Mexico.
Plant much depressed, only 2 to 3 cm. high, about 8 cm. broad; ribs 8, very
iow, almost flat on top, the surface bearing numerous depressions, containing
tufts of wool; areoles prominent, circular, felted, 4 to 5 mm. apart, spineless;
flowers 3 cm. long, yellow. ‘“ Peyote.”
8. Astrophytum capricorne (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 184. 1922.
Echinocactus capricornis Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 19: 274. 1851.
Northern Mexico; type from La Rinconada.
Subglobose or short-cylindric, np to 25°cm. high; ribs 7 or 8, high, acute;
areoles 2 to 3 cm. apart; spines several, more or less flattened, weak, hardly
pungent, brown, 3 to 5 em. long; flowers 6 to 7 cm. long; outer perianth seg-
ments reddish, gradually passing into the lemon-yellow inner ones, spatulate,
acute or cuspidate, entire or more or less toothed; seeds 2.5 mm. broad, shining.
“Biznaga de estropajo” (Durango, Patoni).
4, Astrophytum ornatum (DC.) Weber; Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 185. 1922.
Echinocactus ornatus DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 114. 1828.
Echinocactus mirbelii Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 22. 1838.
Echinocactus holopterus Miquel, Linnaea 12: 2. 1838.
Echinocactus tortus Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 493. 1838.
Echinocactus ghiesbrechtit Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 395. 1850.
Echinopsis haageana Linke, Wochenschr. Girtn. Pflantz. 1: 86. 1858.
Hidalgo and Querétaro.
Subglobose to cylindric, 3 em. high or more, the surface more or less white-
floccose; ribs 8, rather prominent, 2 cm. high or more, acute; areoles 1 to 5
em. apart, felted; spines 5 to 11, subulate, yellow at first, becoming brown,
often 3 cm. long; flowers lemon-yellow, 7 to 9 cm. broad; inner perianth
segments broadly oblong, with a broad, more or less serrate apex; scales on
ovary very narrow.
38. CACTUS L. Sp. Pl. 466. 1753.
About 18 species are known, natives of tropical America.
1. Cactus salvador (Murillo) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 228. 1922.
Melocactus salvador Murillo, Circular (about 1897).
Vicinity of Jalapa, Veracruz.
Plants simple, globose, 30 to 40 cm. in diameter; ribs 13; radial spines 1
to 3, longer and stouter than the radials, those near the center of the plant
nearly erect, those on the side somewhat curved downward; cephalium 8
cm. in diameter; flowers rose-pink; seeds black.
Two other species of Melocactus have been described from Mexico, M.
curvispinus Pfeiff. (Enum. Cact. 46. 1837) and M. delessertianus Lem. (Hort.
Univ. 1: 225. 1839), but both are imperfectly known.
956 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
39. ANCISTROCACTUS Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 3. 1923.
Small, globular or short-cylindric plants, indistinctly ribbed, strongly tu-
bercled, very spiny, one of the central spines always hooked; flowering
tubercles more or less grooved on the upper side; flowers rather small, short,
funnelform, borne at the top of the plant; ovary small, bearing a few
thin scales, these always naked in their axils; fruit oblong, greenish, juicy,
thin-celled, usually naked below but with a few broad cordate thin-mar-
gined scales above; seeds globular, rather large, brownish to black.
One other species occurs in Texas.
Radial spines 20 or more, strongly appressed, pectinate; flowering areoles
TDK EC eee eh aR AS I ES OA Oe 1. A. megarhizus.
Radial spines 19 or fewer, more or less spreading, hardly pectinate; flower-
ing areoles-woolly _28 CAs Me BALE Bee Te A ee 2. A. scheeri.
1. Ancistrocactus megarhizus (Rose) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 4. 1923.
Echinocactus megarhizus Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 290. 1909.
Type from Victoria, Tamaulipas.
Solitary or in clusters of 3 or 4; plant body nearly globular or a little elon-
gate, 5 to 8 em. high, usually solitary, from large fleshy roots; ribs spiral,
divided into dark green tubercles, 4 to 5 em. high; radial spines 20 or more,
pectinate, at first pale yellow, in age white; in seedlings the spines pubescent ;
central spines usually 4, the 3 upper similar to the radials, although a little
stouter, the lower central spines stout and strongly hooked, 15 mm. long; fruit
green, suggesting that of a Coryphantha, clavate, bearing a few naked scales
near the top; seeds black, smooth, shining.
2. Ancistrocactus scheeri (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 4. 1923.
Echinocactus scheeri Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 155. 1850.
Northern Mexico. Texas.
Globular to clavate, 3.5 to 5 em. long; ribs usually 138, indistinct, somewhat
spiraled, strongly divided into stout terete tubercles grooved only to the mid-
dle; radial spines 15 to 18, spreading, 12 mm. long or less, white to straw-
colored; central spines 3 or 4, the lowest strongly hooked; flowers 2.5 cm. long,
greenish yellow; ovary small, nearly naked; seeds large (about 2 mm. long),
brown and minutely tuberculate (according to Coulter).
40. THELOCACTUS Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club 49: 251. 1922.
Plants of medium size, globular or somewhat depressed, spiny, often densely
so; ribs few, low or even indistinct, often spiraled, divided into large tubercles ;
flowering tubercles more or less grooved above; flowers from near the center
of the plant, borne on very young tubercles, rather large, campanulate, di-
urnal; scales ‘on ovary usually few, their axils naked; fruit, so far as. known,
dry, dehiscing by a basal pore; seeds numerous, black, finely tuberculate, with
a large basal hilum.
The species here listed are the only ones known.
Ribs indefinite, strongly tubercled.
Spines ‘partly curved outward!) 22 10 bs 6h Ur ee Se 5. T. buekii.
Spines all straight.
Tubercles not flattened laterally; radial spines 6 to 9.
1. T. hexaedrophorus.
Tubereles flattened laterally; radial spines 1 to 5.
Miowers*whitest202) 26 bite. tron Ts uke ae see 2. T. rinconensis.
Flowers not white.
Hlowers salmon? ioe yellow. eee 8. T. lophothele.
lowers, rose-purple-—_ = = = eee 4. T. phymatothele.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 957
Ribs definite, but more or less divided into tubercles.
Flowers yellowish. :
IDS a Ski TON elo are ee eres 2 eine payee 6. T. leucacanthus.
RUS 20 ab Ope en 22 ee ov tine ot Ol edi eee bgt ay. pn retieuee! paves oy 7. T. nidulans.
Flowers red to purple.
Spines all straight.
Spinesi) subulates Svsa lastete bo pee tir eee oe 8. T. fossulatus.
SDINeS Wa cicull ares =e a eae eee ate 9. T. tulensis.
Spines more or less curved.
ppines Son fewer Seeks ek es ee 10. T. Noydii.
Spines numerous.
Central spines flexible, usually straight, porrect or ascending.
‘ 11. T. bicolor.
Central spines subulate, rigid, some of them curved and reflexed.
12. T. pottsii.
1. Thelocactus hexaedrophorus (Lemaire) Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club
49: 251. 1922.
Eehinocactus hexaedrophorus lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 27. 1839.
Central Mexico; type from Tampico, Tamaulipas.
Globose or somewhat flattened above or umbilicate, glaucous, strongly tuber-
_cled, not ribbed, 18 to 14 cm. in diameter; tubercles prominent, somewhat
6-sided, 27 mm. broad at base, arranged in indefinite spirals; radial spines 6
to 9, spreading, unequal, 11 to 18 mm. long, rigid, straight, subulate, annulate;
central spine much stouter than the radials, erect, 2.3 to 3 em. long; flowers
5.5 em. long and broader than long when expanded; perianth segments oblong,
purplish.
2. Thelocactus rinconensis (Poselger) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 7. 1923.
Echinocactus rinconensis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 28: 18. 1855.
Nuevo Leon; type from Rinconada.
Simple, globose or somewhat depressed, 6 to 8 cm. high, 12 cm. in diameter;
ribs somewhat spiraled, strongly tubercled; tubercles more or less flattened
laterally, somewhat angled; spines usually only 3, acicular, 1.5 cm. long;
flowers white, 4 cm. long; inner perianth segments lanceolate, acute.
3. Thelocactus lophothele (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club 49:
251. 1922. :
Echinocactus lophothele Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 395. 1850.
Chihuahua; type from Chihuahua City.
Simple or in its native state cespitose, globose, sometimes depressed or
short-cylindric, up to 25 em. high, glaucous; ribs indefinite, strongly tubercu-
late, the tubercles flattened; areoles depressed, grayish-lanate when young;
radial spines 3 to 5, stout, purplish brown, 1 to 3 em. long; central spines
wanting or solitary; flowers salmon to rose, about 5 cm. broad; perianth seg-
ments nearly linear, acute; scales of ovary glabrous, 6 mm. long.
4. Thelocactus phymatothele (Poselger) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 8. 1923.
Echinocactus phymatothelos Poselger; Forst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 602. 1885.
Mexico, the range not known.
Simple, depressed-globose, 5 cm. high, 9 to 10 cm. in diameter; ribs glaucous-
green, 13, divided into low irregular tubercles, these somewhat flattened and
pointed; spines usually 1 to 3, sometimes wanting, subulate, rigid, 2 em. long,
brown, spreading; flowers 6 cm. broad; inner perianth segments pinkish,
narrow, acute; scales present on ovary and flower tube.
958 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Thelocactus buekii (Klein) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 8. 1923.
Echinocacius buekii Klein, Gartenflora 8: 257. 1859.
Mexico, the locality not known.
Stems simple, deep green; tubercles distinct, somewhat pointed, angled;
spines about 7, reddish, unequal, some of them outwardly curved, the longer
ones much elongate; flowers dark red; inner perianth segments narrow.
6. Thelocactus leucacanthus (Zucc.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 8. 1923.
Echinocacius leucacanthus Zuece.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 66. 1837.
Cereus tuberosus Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 102. 1837.
Cereus maelenii Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 5: 378. 1837.
Echinocactus porrectus Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 25. 1888.
Eehinocactus subporrectus Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. 25. 1888.
Echinocactus théloideus Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 396. 1850.
Central Mexico; type from Zimapén, Hidalgo.
Densely cespitose, short-cylindric, 10 to 15 cm. long; ribs 8 to 138, sometimes
spiraled, obtuse, tubercled; radial spines 7 to 20,.at first light yellow, in age
gray, spreading or recurved, unequal, the longer ones 4 cm. long, more
or less annulate; central spines solitary, at first blackish, in age gray, up to
5 cm. long; flowers yellow, 5 em. long; inner perianth segments numerous,
lanceolate, acute; ovary and flower tube bearing broad imbricate scales.
Here should perhaps be referred Echinocactus ehrenbergii Pfeiffer (Allg.
Gartenz. 6: 275. 1838).
7. Thelocactus nidulans (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 9. 1923.
Echinocactus nidulans Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 119. 1911.
Mexico, the range not known.
Simple, depressed-globose, 10 em. high, sometimes 20 cm. in diameter, gray,
usually glaucous; ribs 20 to 25, rather indistinct, divided into tubercles;
spines about 15, all similar, 2 to 6 cm. long; flowers 4 em. long, yellowish
white.
8. Thelocactus fossulatus (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 10. 1923.
Echinocactus fossulatus Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 49. 1841.
San Luis Potosi.
Globose to much depressed, 10 to 15 em. in diameter; ribs usually 18, slightly
glaucous, bronzed; tubercles large, somewhat flabby, more or less compressed,
dorsally somewhat angled; flowering areoles narrow, sometimes extendinz
forward to the next tubercle; radial spines 4 or 5, unequal, 1 to 3.5 em. long,
brown; central spine solitary, 3 to 4.5 em. long, subulate, annulate; flowers
central, nearly white or slightly tinged with pink; scales on flower tube ovate,
their scarious margins slightly ciliate.
Echinocactus drageanus Moerder (Rey. Hort. 67: 186. 1895) and H. droege-
anus Hildmann (Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 438. 1898) probably belong here.
9. Thelocactus tulensis (Poselger) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 11. 1923.
Echinocactus tulensis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 125. 1853.
Tamaulipas; type from Tula.
Plant simple to abundantly cespitose, globular to short-cylindric, up to 26
em. high; ribs 8 to 13, strongly tubercled; radial spines 6 to 8, more or less
spreading, 10 to 15 mm. long, brownish; central spines solitary or sometimes
2,3 cm. long; flowers 2.5 cm. long, rose-colored; inner perianth segments linear:
‘oblong, acute.
: STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 959
10. Thelocactus lloydii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 11. 1923.
Zacatecas.
Plants simple, depressed-globose, 8 to 12 em. broad, pale bluish green,
strongly tubercled and strongly armed; tubercles conspicuous but low, often
wider than long, sometimes 4 cm. wide; flowering groove rather conspicuous
but narrow, extending from the spines halfway to the axil of the tubercle;
spines usually 8, sometimes with a smaller accessory one, all ascending from
the base and curved outward from the center, terete or somewhat angled at
base, often highly colored below, with sharp yellowish crimson tips, the
longer ones 6 cm. long; outer perianth segments very pale purple.
11. Thelocactus bicolor (Galeotti) Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club 49: 251.
1922.
Echinocactus bicolor Galeotti; Pfeiff. Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 25. 1848.
Echinocacius rhodophthalmus Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 76: pl. 4486. 1850.
Echinocactus ellipticus Lem. Jard. Fleur. 8: pl. 270. 1853.
Echinocactus bolansis Riinge, Gartenflora 38: 106. 1889.
Central and eastern Mexico.. Texas.
Plants simple, globose to conic, glaucous, small, up to 3 em. high, very
spiny; ribs usually 8, broad, somewhat tubercled; areoles approximate; spines
highly, colored, sometimes bright red or yellowish or red and yellow; radial
spines 9 to 18, widely spreading or sometimes bent backward at tip, 3 cm. long
or less; central spines usually 4, ascending or porrect, all straight, 3 to 5
em. long, subulate; flowers 5 to 6 cm. long and fully as broad when ex-
panded; outer perianth segments pale purple, the inner ones deep purplish
pink, oblong, acute; scales on ovary and flower tube imbricate, ovate, with
searious and ciliate margins; fruit about 1 cm. long, dehiscing by a large
irregular basal opening; seeds 2 mm. long, black.
12. Thelocactus pottsii (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 12. 1923.
Echinocactus pottsii Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 18: 395. 1850.
Echinocactus heterochromus Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 466. 1896.
Chihuahua and Coahuila; type from Chihuahua City.
Globular or somewhat depressed, 10 to 15 cm. in diameter, somewhat
glaucous, yellowish; ribs 8 or 9, broad and obtuse, more or less distinctly
tubercled; areoles large, closely set on old plants, densely felted when young,
naked in age; sp’nes variable as to number, shape, size, and color; radial
spines 7 to 10, acicular, usually terete, straight or incurved, more or less
banded with red and white or pale yellow, 1 to 3 em. long; central spines
several, stout-subulate, more or less flattened, 3 to 4 cm. long, often white,
sometimes banded with red; flowers 5 to 6 cm. long; scales on ovary and
flower tube ovate. greenish, the margins thin and ciliate; inner perianth
segments light purple, darker at base, oblong; fruit globose, 1.5 em. in diam-
eter; seeds tuberculate, black.
41. NEOLLOYDIA Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club 49: 251. 1922.
Small, more or less cespitose cacti, fibrous-rooted, cylindric, densely spiny,
tubercled; tubercles more or less arranged on spiraled ribs, grooved above;
radial spines numerous, widely spreading; central spines one to several, much
stouter and longer than the radials; flowers large, pink or purple, subcentral
from the axils of nascent tubercles, their segments widely spreading; fruit
960 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
compressed-globose, dull-colored, thin-walled, becoming papery, dry, with few
scales or none; seeds globose, black, dull, tuberculate-roughened, with a large
white basal scar.
One other species occurs in Texas.
Plants small, 3 cm. or less in diameter; central spines sometimes wanting.
1. N. pilispina.
Plants larger; central spines always present.
@entral-spinescurved or Hooked 22252 eee ee 2. N. clavata.
Central spines all straight.
Central spine solitary.
@entral: .spineristifE 4 porrect t= 2 sent ts ses Se) wpe Sa 3. N. horripila.
Central spine weak, ascending or connivent-___________- 4. N. beguinii.
Central spines several.
Spines white, or sometimes dark above___-~-----____ 5. N. ceratites.
Spines, at least the central ones or part of them, black___6. N. conoidea.
1. Neolloydia pilispina (Purpus) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 14. 1928.
Mammillaria pilispina Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 150. 1912.
San Luis Potosi; type from Minas de San Rafael.
Plants cespitose, about 3 ecm. in diameter; ribs indistinct, of very definite,
somewhat angled tubercles; young spine areoles clothed with abundant long
white wool covering the top of the plant; radial spines 6 or “7, 5 to 6 mm.
long, weak and spreading the upper ones longer and connivent over the top of
the plant, 2 em. long or more, white with blackish tips; central spines often
wanting, sometimes one; flowers 1.5 to 2 cm. long, purplish; outer perianth
segments brownish.
2. Neolloydia clavata (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 15. 1923.
Mammillaria clavata Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 494. 18388.
Mammillaria stipitata Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 495. 1838.
Mammillaria rhaphidacantha Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 34. 1839.
Mammillaria ancistracantha Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 36. 1839.
?Mammillaria potosiana Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24: 92. 1856.
Mammillaria suleoglandulifera Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24: 92. 1856.
2?Cactus brunneus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 117. 1894.
?Cactus maculatus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 117. 1894.
Mammillaria radicantissima Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 164. 1912.
San Luis Potosi.
Plants simple, elongate, cylindric, 10 to 15 em. high, dark bluish green;
tubercles in rows of 5, 8, and 138, conic, grooved above, the axils when young
bearing short white wool; glands in the groove 1 to several, large, red;
radial spines 6 to 12, with reddish or black tips; central spine 1, somewhat
longer than the radials, curved or even hooked; flowers small for the
genus, about 2 em. long; outer perianth segments linear, acute, entire, with
broad brownish midrib, the inner ones linear, entire, narrow, creamy white.
8. Neolloydia horripila (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 16. 1923.
Mammillaria horripila Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 7. 1838.
Hidalgo.
Simple or somewhat cespitose, globular to short-cylindric, 10 to 12 cm.
high; tubercles glaucous, prominent, rounded at apex; radial spines 8 to
10, acicular, spreading, 15 mm. long, grayish; central spines solitary, straight,
a little longer than the radials; flowers deep purple, 3 cm. long; inner
perianth segments narrowly oblong, acute.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 961
4. Neolloydia beguinii (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club 49: 252.
1922.
Echinocactus beguinii Weber; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 442. 1898.
Zacatecas and Coahuila; type probably from Saltillo, Coahuila.
Plant body cylindric, 10 to 15 em. high; ribs spiraled and divided at
regular intervals into low tubercles resembling geometric figures, pale bluish
green but nearly hidden by the dense covering of spines; radial spines 20
or more, white but with dark tips; centrals usually single, longer and ascend-
ing; flowers appearing from the top of the plant, 3 to 4 cm. long, bright
pink; ovary without Scales ; seeds black, tubercled.
5. Neolloydia ceratites (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 16. 1923.
Mammillaria ceratites Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 155. 1909.
Mexico.
Simple or in small clusters, short-cylindric, 6 to 10 em. high; tubercles
somewhat 4-angled, more or less arranged in ribs; young areoles very woolly
but becoming naked; radial spines 15 to 20, more or less spreading, white,
1.5 em. long; central spines 5 or 6, longer and stouter than the radials, blackish
above; flowers purple, 3 to 3.5 cm. long; perianth segments oblong, acute.
6. Neolloydia conoidea (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Bull. Torrey Club 49: 252. 1922.
Mammillaria conoidea DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 112. 1828.
Mammillaria grandifiora Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 33. 1837.
Mammillaria diaphanacantha Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 39. 1888.
Mammillaria inconspicua Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 495. 1838.
Mammillaria echinocactoides Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 281. 1840.
Mammillaria scheeri Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 13: 346. 1845.
Mammillaria strobiliformis Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 113. 1848.
Zacatecas and elsewhere in northern Mexico.
Sometimes simple but usually cespitose, sometimes forming large clusters,
often branching or budding above, short-cylindric; tubercles in 5 or 8 spiral
rows, obtuse, their axils very woolly; spines very numerous, often completely
covering the plant; radial spines white, 25 or more, widely spreading, 8 to
10 mm. long; central spines several, stouter and longer than the radials, 1 to
3 cm. long, blackish; flowers large; outer perianth segments dull purple with-
out, lighter toward the margins, the inner ones rich purple; fruit compressed,
globose, dull yellow, mottled with red, becoming dry and papery, then brown;
seeds 1 mm. in diameter.
42. MAMILLOPSIS Weber; Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 19. 1928.
Cespitose cacti, often forming large clusters, globular or short-cylindric,
completely hidden under a mass of long soft white hairlike spines; tubercles
not arranged in ribs, more or less conic, not grooved above, spine-bearing at
the apex, their axils pubescent and bristly; radial spines numerous, weak,
straight; central spines 4 to 6, with yellow hooked tips; flowers from near
the top of the plant but apparently from the axils of old areoles, with a regular
straight slender scaly tube and a broad spreading limb; perianth segments
oblong, obtuse; stamens and style erect, long-exserted beyond the tube; scales
on flower tube orbicular, obtuse.
Only the following species are known.
Flowers_6 to 7. em. long, orange-yellow___-____________________ 1. M. senilis.
MU OWErS+Sc@Ml LONS,, GOD VOCs Nee ee ee 2. M. diguetii.
962 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Mamillopsis senilis (Lodd.) Weber; Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 19. 1923.
Mammillaria senilis Lodd.; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 82. 1850.
High mountains of Chihuahua and Durango.
Stems 6 to 15 cm. high, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter, the flesh juicy and drying red;
tubercles 8 to 4 mm. long; spines 30 to 40, 2 cm. long; flowers 6 em. broad;
perianth segments oblong, acute, with serrate margin. “Cabeza de vieja”
(Ochoterena).
2. Mamillopsis diguetii (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 20. 1923.
Mammillaria senilis diguetit Weber, Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10: 383. 1904.
Jalisco and Sinaloa; type from Sierra de Nayarit, Jalisco.
Plants densely cespitose, forming a hemispheric clump of some 35 globular
heads, each 25 em. in diameter; radial spines numerous, dark straw-colored ;
flowers about 2 cm. broad; ovary bearing small scales.
43. COCHEMIEA Walton, Cact. Journ. 2: 50. 1899.
Plant body cylindric, often much elongate, the surface covered with spirally
arranged tubercles, these not milky; tubercles not grooved above; spines both
central and radial; flowers borne from the axils of upper old tubercles, nar-
rowly tubular, curved and bilabiate; perianth segments in 2 series; stamens
and style red, exserted; ovary naked; fruit indehiscent, globular, red, naked,
bearing a large scar at the top; seeds black, reticulate.
The species here listed are the only ones known.
Spines” alleistra isnt. = 2A See Beste hee eg ae ee See ee eee ee 1. C. halei.
Spines with some or all of the centrals hooked.
Central spine normally solitary______________-__-________ 2. C. poselgeri.
Central spines normally 2 to 11 (sometimes only one in No. 8).
Central spines 1 to 4_____ Oe eee ee eee ee et ee 3. C. setispina.
Central Spineg 8 tO pel De eer eee rts, pee Paar ntrerhnol codeets 4, C. pondii.
1. Cochemiea halei (T. S. Brandeg.) Walton, Cact. Journ. 2: 50. 1899.
Mammillaria halei T. S. Brandeg. Proce. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 161. 1889.
Islands of southern Baja California; type from Magdalena Island.
Cespitose; stems nearly upright, often 30 to 50 em. high, 5 to 7.5 em. in di-
ameter, almost entirely covered by the spines; tubercles short, their axils
woolly but not setose; radial spines 10 to 20, 10 to 12 mm. long; central spines
3 or 4, 25 mm. long, all straight; flowers central or nearly so, 4 to 5 em. long;
fruit scarlet, 12 mm. long; seeds reticulate.
2. Cochemiea poselgeri (Hildmann) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 22. 1923.
Mammillaria poselgeri Hildmann, Gartenflora 34: 559. 1885.
Mammillaria roseana T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 2: 19. 1891.
Mammillaria radliana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 2: 104. 1892.
Lower elevations in southern Baja California; type from the Cape Region.
Stems numerous from a central root, spreading or sometimes pendent from
rocks or creeping over the ground, often 2 meters long, 4 cm. thick; areoles
and upper axils white-woolly, the latter rarely setose; tubercles remote, some-
what flattened; radial spines 7 to 9, 9 to 12 mm. long, straw-colored; central
spine 1, hooked, 25 mm. long; flowers appearing in the upper axils, 3 cm. long,
searlet; fruit globular, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter.
3. Cochemiea setispina (Coulter) Walton, Cact. Journ. 2: 51. 1899.
Cactus setispinus Coulter, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 3: 106. 1894.
Mammillaria setispina Engelm.; K. Brandeg. Erythea 5: 117. 1897.
Interior of southern Baja California, the type from San Borgia.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 963
Stems ascending, 30 cm. high; tubercles short, their axils woolly but not
setose; radial spines 10 to 12, white with black tips, widely spreading, un-
equal, 10 to 34 mm. long, slender; central spines 1 to 4, stouter than the radials,
one of them strongly hooked; fruit obovoid, 3 em. long, scarlet; seeds black
and pitted.
4. Cochemiea pondii (Greene) Walton, Cact. Journ. 2: 51. 1899.
Mammillaria pondii Greene, Pittonia 1: 268. 1889.
Islands off the west coast of northern Baja California; type from Cedros
Island.
Stems at first upright, cylindric, simple or few-branched, 7 to 30 em. high,
hidden under a dense covering of spines; axils of tubercles setose; young
areoles white-tomentose ; radial spines white or whitish or sometimes brownish,
15 to 25, spreading; central spines 8 to 11, much longer and stouter than the
radials, the longest 3 cm. long, 1 or 2 hooked; flowers slender, 5 em. long,
bright scarlet; fruit purplish red, 18 mm. long, ovoid to obovoid.
44, CORYPHANTHA Lem. Cact. 32. 1868.
Plant body globular to cylindric, either simple or cespitose; tubercles, ex-
cept the very earliest ones, grooved on the upper surface from apex to base;
‘flowers from near the top of the plant and from the base of young and
growing tubercles, large and showy, generally yellow, sometimes purple or
red; ovary naked or bearing a few scales in some species; perianth long-
persistent; fruit large, ripening slowly, ovoid to oblong, greenish or yellow-
ish; seeds brown, lightly reticulate or nearly smooth.
A few other species occur in the United States, and one is found in Cuba.
Tubercles grooved to middle or a little below; ovary bearing scales with
woolly axils.
Tubercles elongate, bright green________________________ 1. C. macromeris.
Tubereles: short, crayish. ereen___. 22s Sone ere 2. C. runyonii.
Tubercles grooved from tip to base; ovary naked.
Grooves of tubercles bearing large yellow or red glands.
MIGWwers>wihitel ss ee Owes od Mt SE Le ROO EEO e ss 8. C. ottonis.
Flowers not white.
Stems globular.
Radial spines more or less recurved________-_-_______ 4. C. recurvata.
Radial spines spreading or ascending.
Spines dark, sometimes black______-___________- 5. C. poselgeriana.
Spines yellow or sometimes tinged with red.
Central spines slender and flexible______ 6. C. muehlenpfordatii.
Central spines stout and rigid.
Radialyspines, subulate+ 262) ess 7. C. guerkeana.
Radial Vspiness 7eiculars. Saas 8. C. echinoidea.
Stems cylindric.
Stems) bluish); freer hss. ee ea a eee 9. C. clava.
Stems yellowish green.
Central spine generally one.
Glands «in 2eToovepred: = 3 a ee 10. C. octacantha,
Glands in groove yellow___________________~_- 11. C. exsudans.
Centralia spines p22 See ee ee 12. C. erecta.
Grooves of tubercles without large glands.
Outer perianth segments not ciliate.
lowers» purplishe or wroses—=2=- 2 13. C. elephantidens.
964 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Flowers yellow or white.
Tubercles very large, broader than high__________14. C. bumamma.
Tubercles of medium size, if large longer than broad.
Plants large, often 8 cm. in diameter; seeds 3 mm. in diameter.
15. C. robustispina.
Plants smaller; seeds 2 mm. or less in diameter.
Central spines usually wanting.
Secondary cluster of spines developed in upper part of areoles
ANG? CONNLVENT Fab COD ee 16. C. connivens.
Secondary cluster of spines not developed.
Snipes, ‘Weching te. gee 17. C. pectinata.
Spines not pectinate.
Spines 14 or more.
Spines slender, with long black tips____18. C. nickelsae.
Spines rather short, with light tips.
Spines; subulate== == = a eee 19, C. compacta.
Spines ,acieular 4 =r: 4 sero rn 20. C. radians.
Spines fewer than 14.
Spines slender and weak____________ 21. C. sulcolanata.
SPINES NOP SICNOCh a. a = ee ee eee 22. C. retusa.
Central spines one to several.
Central spines strongly hooked________________ 23 C. palmeri.
Central spines straight, or at most curved.
Central spines more or less curved.
Central spine one.
Radial spines nearly as long as the central.
24, C. cornifera.
Radial spines about half as long as the central.
25. C. salm-dyckiana.
Central spines several.
Radial spines 20.0r more_si2e) a) 26. C. pallida.
Radial spines 12 or fewer__________ 27. C. pycnacantha.
Central spines straight.
Radial spines of two kinds (to be looked for here).
5. C. poselgeriana.
Radial spines of one kind____________ 28. C. durangensis.
Outer perianth segments ciliate.
Inner perianth segments very narrow______--__-__ 29. C. neomexicana.
Inner perianth segments narrowly lanceolate________ 30. C. aggregata.
1. Coryphantha macromeris (Engelm.) Lem. Cact. 35. 1868.
Mammillaria macromeris Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 97. 1848.
Mammillaria heteromorpha Scheer; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 128.
1850.
Mammillaria dactylithele Labour. Monogr. Cact. 146. 1853.
Chihuahua to Zacatecas. Texas and New Mexico; type from Dona Ana,
New Mexico.
Plant branching at base, often many-headed, up to 20 cm. long; tubercles
large, soft, loosely arranged, elongate, 12 to 30 cm. long, grooved on upper
side about two-thirds their length; spines 10 to 17, slender, the radials white;
central spines several, black, the longer ones 5 em. long; flowers large, purple,
6 to 8 em. broad; scales on flower tube ciliate; ovary bearing a few scales
with hairy axils; fruit 15 to 25 mm. long; seeds globose-obovate, brown but
sometimes described as yellow, smooth.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 965
2. Coryphantha runyonii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 26. 1923.
Along the Rio Grande in Texas, from Brownsville to Rio Grande City, ana
doubtless occurring on the Mexican side of the river.
Forming low clumps, sometimes 50 cm. in diameter, grayish green; tubercles
1 to 2 em. long, terete or somewhat flattened, grooved above for half their
length; radial spines 6 or more, spreading, acicular, 3 cm. long or less, some-
times all yellow or sometimes one or more brown; central spine on young
plants solitary, on old plants sometimes 2 or 3, up to 6 cm. long; flowers purple,
6 em. broad; outer perianth segments ciliate, the inner ones spatulate-oblong,
acute; fruit green; seeds brown.
8. Coryphantha ottonis (Pfeiff.) Lem. Cact. 34. 1868.
Mammillaria ottonis Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838.
Mammillaria bussleri Mundt; Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 47. 1902.
Mammillaria golziana Haage, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 100. 1909.
Central Mexico; type from Mineral del Monte, Hidalgo.
Simple, globular to short-cylindric, 12 ecm. high or less, 8 cm. in diameter,
glaucous to gray-green; radial spines 8 to 12, nearly equal, 8 to 10 mm. long;
central spines 3 or 4, longer and a little stouter than the radials; axils of
flowering tubercles woolly; flowers white, 4 cm. long; outer perianth seg-
ments oblong, obtuse, the inner ones apiculate.
4. Coryphantha recurvata (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 27. 1923.
Mammillaria recurvispina Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 266. 1856. Not
M. recurvispina De Vriese, 1839.
Mammillaria recurvata Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 202. 1863.
Sonora. Arizona.
Plant body depressed-globose, 10 to 20 em: in diameter, often forming large
masses 30 to 90 cm. in diameter and sometimes with over 50 heads; tubercles
low ; radial spines about 20, yellow to gray, with dark tips, pectinate, recurved ;
central spines 1, rarely 2, longer and darker than the radials, 12 to 20 mm.
long, more or less reflexed, often appressed; flowers 25 to 35 cm. long, said
to be brownish outside; inner perianth segments lemon-yellow.
5. Coryphantha poselgeriana (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 28. 1928.
Echinocactus poselgerianus Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 19: 346. 1851.
Echinocactus saltillensis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 101. 1853.
Echinocactus salinensis Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 106. 1853.
Mammillaria dificilis Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 107. 1908.
Mammillaria valida Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21. 97. 1911. Not M.
valida Weber. 1898.
Coahuila and Zacatecas; type from Saltillo, Coahuila.
Plant body large for the genus, globular, bluish green; tubercles large,
closely packed together and at base strongly angled; radial spines of two
kinds, the 4 or 5 lower ones spreading, subulate, reddish to black, about as
long as the single central one (2 to 4 em. long), the upper radials 5 to 8,
ascending, yellowish with black tips, weak, acicular; flowers 4 to 5 em. long
and nearly as broad when expanded; flesh-colored; segments spatulate,
usually rounded at apex; fruit oblong, 15 mm. long; seeds brownish.
6. Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii (Poselg.) Britt.. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 28.
1923.
Mammillaria scheeri Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 15: 97. 1847. Not J/. scheeri
Miihlenpf. 1845.
Echinocactus muehlenpfordtii Poselg. Allg. Gartenz. 21: 102. 1853.
Chihuahua. Texas and New Mexico.
966 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Plants nearly globular, usually simple, short-oblong, 20 cm. long, 7.5 to
15 cm. in diameter; tubercles 1 to 2.5 cm. long; axils of young tubercles
grooved and young spine areoles very woolly; grooves bearing large dark-
colored glands; spines variable, reddish to yellow with brown to black tips;
radials 6 to 16, usually about 2 cm. long, straight; central spines 1 to 4,
subulate, stouter than the radials, 3 to 3.5 em. long, from nearly straight
to curved at tip or even strongly hooked; flowers yellow, 6 ecm. long; scales
on flower tube and outer perianth segments more or less lacerate; inner
perianth segments oblong, entire, acute; fruit greenish, oblong, 3 to 3.5 cm.
long, naked; seeds 3 mm. long, brown, shining, smooth.
7%. Coryphantha guerkeana (Bédeker) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 29. 1923.
Mammillaria guerkeana Bodeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 52. 1914.
Durango.
Plant body globular, 6 to 7 ecm.*in diameter; tubercles bluish green, some-
what broader than thick, bearing a large red gland at the base of the
groove and sometimes at the top; radial spines 9 to 12, yellow when young,
spreading-bulbose at base, rather stout; central spines 3 or 4, rarely one of
them stouter, often bent slightly at tip; flowering areoles very woully; ovary
oblong, naked.
8. Coryphantha echinoidea (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 30. 1923.
Mammvillaria echinoidea Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 42. 1913.
Durango.
Plant solitary, globular or a little broader than high, 5 to 6 cm. in di-
ameter, very woolly at apex; tubercles conic, 1.5 em. high, 1.2 em. broad
at base; groove with 1 to 3 small grayish glands; areoles elliptic, woolly
when young, glabrate in age; radial spines 20 to 25, 1.5 cm. long, white with
darker tips; central spines 1 to 3, a little stouter than the radials, one of
them porrect, horn-colored; flowers rose-colored, 6 to 8 em. broad; perianth
segments oblong, broad at apex, denticulate, sometimes mucronate.
9. Coryphantha clava Lem. Cact. 34. 1868.
Mammillaria clava Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 282. 1840.
Mammillaria schlechtendalii Ehrenb. Linnaea 14: 377. 1840.
Mexico. ;
Plant body club-shaped, deep green; axils of tubercles filled with white wool
and with a red gland at base of the groove; tubercles erect, elongate, some-
what 4-sided; spine areoles white-villous; radial spines usually 7, straight,
horn-colored, about equal; central spine 1, a little longer and stouter than the
others; flowers very large, sometimes 9 cm. broad, pale yellow, the outer seg-
ments tinged with red; perianth segments glossy, linear-oblong to spatulate,
the outer ones entire, the inner serrate and mucronate at apex.
10. Coryphantha octacantha (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 30. 1923.
Mammillaria octacantha DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828.
Mammillaria leucacantha DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 113. 1828.
Mammillaria lehmanii Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 23. 1837.
Mammillaria macrothele Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 24. 1837.
Mammillaria plaschnickii Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 24. 1837.
Mammillaria aulacothele Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 8. 1838.
Mammillaria biglandulosa Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1888.
Mammillaria sulcimamma Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838.
Mammillaria martiana Pfeiff. Linnaea 12: 140. 1838.
?Mammillaria thelocamptos Lehm. Linnaea 18: Lit. Ber. 101. 1839.
Mammillaria polymorpha Scheer; Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 373. 1846.
Central Mexico.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 967
Plant body simple, cylindric, 30 cm. high, 12 to 15 em. in diameter; axils
of tubercles bearing white wool, the groove with 1 or 2 red glands; tubercles
elongate, up to 25 mm. long, spreading, somewhat 4-angled but with broad
bases; radial spines 8, spreading, rigid, horn-colored with black tips, 10 to 12
mm. long; central spines 1 or 2, stouter than the radials, brownish, 25 mm.
long; flowers about 6 cm. broad, straw-colored; perianth segments linear-ob-
long, obtuse.
11. Coryphantha exsudans (Zucec.) Lem.; Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 31. 1923.
Mammillaria exsudans Zucc.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 15. 1837.
Mammillaria brevimamma Zuee.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 34. 1837.
Mammillaria glanduligera Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 298. 1848.
Mammillaria asterias Cels; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 129. 1850.
Mexico; type collected between Ixmiquilpan and Zimapén, Hidalgo.
Subeylindric, 4 cm. in diameter; tubercles dull green, thick, ovate; glands
in the axils of the tubercles pale yellow; spine areoles somewhat tomentose,
becoming naked; radial spines 6 or 7, 6 to 10 mm. long, slender, straight,
spreading, yellow; central spines 1, erect, yellow, but brown at tip, perhaps
hooked; flowers yellow.
12. Coryphantha erecta Lem. Cact. 34. 1868.
Mammitlaria erecta Lem.; Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 5: 370. 1837.
Mammillaria ceratocentra Berg, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 180. 1840.
Hildalgo.
Plant body cylindric, yellowish green; axils of young tubercles white-woolly ;
tubercles obliquely conic, somewhat rhombiform at base; radial spines 8 to
14, subulate, ascending, yellowish; central spines 2, the upper one short, the
lower curved; flowers large, yellow; perianth segments very narrow.
13. Coryphantha elephantidens Lem. Cact. 35. 1868.
Mammillaria elephantidens Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 1. 1838.
Central Mexico.
Simple, subglaucous, up to 14 cm. high and 19 em. broad; tubercles very
large, somewhat flattened, obtuse, 4 to 5 cm. long, densely woolly in their
axils; areoles elliptic, when young woolly, in age naked; spines 8, all radial,
somewhat unequal, subulate, the longest about 2 cm. long, spreading, when
young brownish with yellowish bases, black at apex; flowers, rose-colored, 11
em. broad; perianth segments numerous, narrowly oblong, apiculate.
14. Coryphantha bumamma (Ehrenb.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 33. 1923.
Mammillaria bumamma Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 248. 1849.
Morelos and Guerrero. ;
Globular or somewhat depressed; tubercles few, very large, rounded at
apex, bluish green, very woolly in-their axils when young but glabrate in age;
spines 5 to 8, subulate, grayish brown, more or less recurved, 2 em. long or
more, all radial; flower yellow, 5 to 6 cm. broad; inner perianth segments
narrowly oblong, obtuse or retuse.
15. Coryphantha robustispina (Schott) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 33. 1923.
Mammillaria robustispina Schott; Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 265. 1856.
Mammillaria brownii Toumey, Bot. Gaz. 22: 253. 1896.
Sonora, the type from the south side of the Babuquibari Mcuntains. Arizona.
Stems simple or clustered, globular or a little longer than thick, broad, 5 to
15 em. high, densely armed and almost hidden by the spines; tubercles 2.5
to 2.8 em. long, arranged in 13 somewhat spiraled rows, fleshy, in age thickly
set one against the other, becoming more or less dorsally flattened, pale grayish
green, narrowly grooved; radial spines 12 to 15, the 3 lower ones very stout,
968 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
brownish, the upper generally weaker, the 2 or 3 uppermost much weaker,
clustered closely together and very pale, some of them sometimes crowded
toward the center; central spine solitary, very stout and erect or sometimes
curved or even hooked, yellow, 3.5 em. long; all the larger spines somewhat
bulbous at the base; flowers 5 to 6 cm. long, salmon-colored; ovary 20 to 25
mm. long, bearing 4 to 7 minute caducous scales; fruit narrowly oblong, 6 cm.
long; seeds 3 mm. long, brown, shining.
16. Coryphantha connivens Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 34. 1923.
Valley of Mexico, the type from Tlalpam.
Globular or somewhat depressed, 8 to 10 cm. broad, somewhat woolly at the
crown at flowering time but becoming glabrate; spines all radial but of two
kinds, one kind spreading or curved backward, subulate, horn-colored, 5 or 6,
the others from the upper part of the spine areole, clustered, erect, or toward
the top connivent, acicular, black at tip, 8 to 10; flowers yellow, 6 to 7 cm.
broad; perianth segments narrowly oblong, acuminate; fruit greenish, oblong,
38 cm. long; seeds brown, 2 mm. long.
17. Coryphantha pectinata (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 34. 1923.
Mammillaria pectinata Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 256. 1856.
Northern Mexico. Texas.
Usually simple, globose, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles usually arranged
in 13 spirals; upper tubercles 10 to 12 mm. long, about twice as long as the
lower ones; areoles a little longer than broad; spines 16 to 24, all radial, those
on the lower areoles appressed and often a little recurved, those from, the
upper part of the upper areoles 12 to 18 mm. leng, connivent over the apex,
yellowish white with black tips; flowers yellow, 5 cm. long; ovary 6 to 8 mm.
long; fruit 12 mm. long.
18. Coryphantha nickelsae (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 35. 1928.
Mammillaria nickelsae K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 31. 1900.
Nuevo Leon.
Described as globular, densely cespitose, often 7 cm. high, pale green and
glaucous; older plants becoming purplish; tubercles almost hidden by the over-
lapping spines, rather broad- at base, low, not densely arranged; spines 14 to
16, all radial (a few forming a small fascicle at the top of the groove),
slender, at first simply spreading but afterward bent back and interlaced with
those of the adjoining tubercles, § to 10 mm. long, at first yellowish at base
with dark tips, but afterwards bleaching; flowers described as bright yellow,
with a red center, 5 to 7 cm. broad; fruit nearly globular, 5 to 7 mm. long,
green; seeds small, brown.
19. Coryphantha compacta (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 36. 1923.
Mammillaria compacta Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 105. 1848.
Chihuahua, the type from Cosihuiriachi.
Plants solitary, somewhat depressed, 3 to 6 cm. high, 5 to 8 em. broad;
tubercles in 13 rows, much crowded, 8 mm. long, suleate above; radial spines
13 to 16, rigid, appressed, interwoven with adjacent ones, whitish, 10 to 20 mm. ©
long; central spines usually wanting; flowers 2 cm. long and broad, yellow;
fruit oval; seeds smooth and yellow.
20. Coryphantha radians (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 36. 1923.
Mammillaria radians DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 111. 1828.
Mammillaria impexicoma Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. 5. 1838.
Mammillaria daimonoceras Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 5. 1838.
Central Mexico.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 969
Simple, nearly globose, either obtuse or depressed at apex, 7.5 em. in di-
ameter; tubercles ovoid, large; axils of tubercles naked; areoles glabrate;
spines all radial, 16 to 18, white or sometimes yellowish, 10 to 12 mm. long,
rigid, tomentose when young; flowers lemon-yellow, with outer segments tinged
with red, about 10 cm. broad, the segments narrowly oblong to spatulate,
acute, somewhat toothed toward the apex. “Huevos de coyote” (Patoni).
21. Coryphantha sulcolanata Lem. Cact. 35. 1868.
Mammillaria sulcolanata Lem. Cact. Alig. Noy. 2. 1838.
Mammillaria conimamma Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 25: 239. 1857.
Manmillaria cornimanuna N. EK. Brown, Gard. Chron. III. 2: 186. 1887.
Mexico, the range unknown; type said to have come from Mineral del
Monte, Hidalgo.
Subglobose, somewhat depressed, cespitose, 5 em. high, 6 cm. thick or more;
tubercles somewhat 5-angled at base, subconic above, their axils very woolly
when young; spines 9 or 10, all radial, unequal, 12 to 16 mm. long, the
lower and upper weaker and shorter than the lateral ones, brownish with
black tips but when young whitish yellow with purple tips; flowers 4 cm.
long or more, widely spreading, 6 cm. broad or more; perianth segments
oblong, acute.
22. Coryphantha retusa (Pfeiff.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 38. 1923.
Mammillaria retusa Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 5: 369. 1837.
Oaxaca.
Plants depressed-globose, 5 to 10 cm. in diameter, the top very woolly;
tubercles rather large; areoles elliptic; spines 6 to 12, all radial, ap-
pressed or even curved backward, yellowish to brownish, subulate except
2 or 8 aciculate ones at the upper part of areoles; flowers central, yellow,
about 3 cm. long; inner perianth segments oblong, acute.
23. Coryphantha palmeri Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 39. 1923.
Durango, Coahuila, and Zacatecas; type from Durango.
Plant body globular; tubercles closely set in about 13 rows but not very
regularly arranged, pale green, not very flaccid; radial spines 11 to 14,
rather stout, spreading nearly at right angles to the central one, yellowish,
the tips often blackish; central spine one, stout, terete, hooked at apex;
young areoles very woolly; flowers central, pale yellow to nearly white,
about 3 em. long; outer perianth segments linear-oblong, acute, brownish on
the broad midrib, entire, the inner yellow throughout, acuminate.
24. Coryphantha cornifera (DC.) Lem. Cact. 35. 1868.
Mammillaria cornifera DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 112. 1828.
Mammillaria pfeifferiana De Vriese, Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. 6: 51. 1839.
Mammiillaria scolymoides Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 44. 1841.
Coahuila and Querétaro, and elsewhere in central Mexico.
Plant solitary, globose, pale green; tubercles short, broad, somewhat im-
bricate, 12 ecm. high; radial spines 16 or 17, grayish, 10 to 12 mm. long; central
spine 1, stout, erect or subincurved, generally dark-colored, 14 to 16 mm. long;
flowers yellow, tinged with red, 7 cm. broad; inner perianth segments ob-
lanceolate, acuminate.
25. Coryphantha salm-dyckiana (Scheer) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 39.
1923.
Mammillaria salm-dyckiana Scheer; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 134.
1850.
Mammillaria delaetiana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 59. 1908.
Chihuahua.
970 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Plants either solitary or in clusters, nearly globular or sometimes club-
shaped, 10 to 15 cm. in diameter, light green; tubercles rather short, closely
set; radial spines about 15, spreading, slender, 10 to 15 mm. long, grayish or
whitish; central spines 1 to 4, reddish to black, the 3 upper ones when present
ascending and those near the top of the plant connivent, the lowest central
stouter than the others, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, porrect or curved downward; flowers
4 cm. long; outer perianth segments greenish or tinged with red, the inner
pale yellow.
26. Coryphantha pallida Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 40. 1923.
Puebla, the type from Tehuacan.
Plant body either solitary or in clusters of 10 or more, globular, 12 cm. in
diameter or less, bluish green; tubercles in 18 rows, short and thick, closely
set; radial spines 20 or more, white, appressed; centrals usually 3, but some-
times more, the upper more or less ascending, the lower porrect or curved
downward, with the tips black, or sometimes black throughout; flowers often 7
em. long and nearly as broad; outer perianth segments narrow, greenish yel-
low, with a reddish stripe on the back; inner perianth segments pale lemon-
yellow, broader than the outermost, acuminate; ovary bearing a few narrow
seales; fruit greenish brown, 2 em. long; seeds brown, shining.
27. Coryphantha pycnacantha (Mart.) Lem. Cact. 35. 1868.
?Mammillaria latimamma DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 114. 1828.
Mammillaria pycnacantha Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 325. 1832.
? Mammillaria acanthostephes Lehm. Allg. Gartenz. 3: 228. 1835.
Mammillaria arietina Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 10. 18388.
Mammillaria scepontocentra Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 43. 1839.
Mammillaria winkleri Forst. Allg. Gartenz. 15: 50. 1847.
Oaxaca, the type from Oaxaca City.
Plant body solitary, globular to cylindric, about 8 em. high; tubercles broad,
grooved above, glaucous-green; radial spines 10 to 12, slender, 10 to 16 mm.
long; central spines about 4, stouter than the radials, about 25 mm. long,
more or less curved backward, usually black; flowers from near the center
of the plant, 25 mm. in diameter, yellowish; perianth segments numerous,
very narrow.
28. Coryphantha durangensis (Riinge) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 42. 1823.
Mammiillaria durangensis Riinge; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 478. 1898.
Northern Mexico; type from Villa Lerdo, Durango.
Plants solitary or in small clusters, short-cylindric, 10 cm. long or less,
somewhat glaucous; tubercles rather prominent, in 5 to 8 series, somewhat
compressed dorsally, very woolly in the axils; radial spines 6 to 8, acicular,
spreading, 1 cm. long or less; central spines solitary, often erect, those of the
uppermost areoles connivent, black; flowers about 2 cm. long, when fully ex-
panded 2.5 to 4 em. broad; outer perianth segments dark purple or with only
a purple stripe down the center; inner perianth segments cream-colored to
pale lemon-yellow; fruit globular, 5 to 8 mm. in diameter, naked, green‘sh;
seeds brown, about 1 mm. broad.
29. Coryphantha neomexicana (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 45. 1928.
Mammniillaria vivipara radiosa neomexicana Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8:
269. 1856.
Mammillaria neomexicana A, Nels; Coult. & Nels. Man. Rocky Mount. 2837.
1909.
Chihuahua. Texas and New Mexico.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 971
Plants usually solitary, globular to short-oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long, the
whole body usually hidden under a mass of spines; radial spines numerous,
acicular, usually white; central spines several, much stouter than the radials,
pale below, brown or black toward the top; flowers 4 to 5 em. broad when
fully expanded; outer perianth segments greenish or the ones nearer the
center purplish, ciliate; inner perianth segments broadly linear, acuminate
and apiculate, more or less serrate above; fruit 2.5 em. long, green, juicy,
naked except a few hairy scales near the top, capped by the withered perianth.
depressed at apex.
30. Coryphantha aggregata (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 47. 1923.
Mammillaria aggregata Engelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. 1848.
Sonora. Arizona, the type from the headwaters of the Gila.
Plants solitary or cespitose, globular to short-oblong, very spiny; radial
spines numerous, white, often with brown tips, appressed; central spines sey-
eral, stout, all erect and appressed or one often porrect, those toward the top
of the plant connivent; flowers very large and showy, purplish, 5 to 7 em.
broad; outer perianth segments ciliate, the inner narrowly oblanceolate, often
6 mm. broad, acuminate; fruit green, oblong, 2 to 2.5 em. long, naked or occa-
sionally bearing a small scale on the side, juicy; seeds dark brown, 2 mm.
long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
The following plants, described as species of Mammillaria, probably belong
to this genus.
MAMMILLARIA CORDIGERA Hesse, Gartenflora 59: 445. 1910. Doubtless a native
of Mexico.
MAMMILLARIA CORNUTA Hildmann; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 496. 1898. Native
of Mexico.
MAMMILLARIA POTOSIANA Jacobi, Allg. Gartenz. 24: 92. 1856. Type from
San Luis Potosi.
MAMMILLARIA RECURVISPINA De Vriese, Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. 6: 53. 1839.
Described from Mexico.
45. ESCOBARIA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 53. 1923.
Globose or cylindric, usually cespitose cacti, never milky; tubercles grooved
above, persisting as knobs at the base of old plants after the spines have
fallen; spines both central and radial, never hooked; flowers small, regular,
appearing from the top of the plant at the bottom of the groove of young
tubercles; stamens and style included; fruit red, naked (or with one scale),
indehiscent, globular to oblong, crowned by the withering perianth; seeds
brown to black. the aril basal or subventral. oval.
Two other species occur in Texas.
Outer perianth segmentsinote ciliates es sath sgt pe 6. E. lloydii.
Outer perianth segments ciliate.
Flowers 2 to 2.5 em. long.
Plants elongate; seeds small, brown__________________ 1. E. tuberculosa.
Plants usually globose; seeds larger, black___________ 2. E. dasyacantha.
Flowers 1.5 em. long.
Inner perianth segments pointed.
Inner perianth segments broad___-______-________ 3. E. chihuahuensis.
Innensperianthysezments narrowest ee ae 4, E. runyonii.
Inner perianth*sesments, obtuse. ses Se she se hes ee 5. E. chaffeyi.
972 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Escobaria tuberculosa (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 54. 1923.
Mammillaria strobiliformis Scheer; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849.
104. 1850. Not WM. strobiliformis Engelm. 1848.
Mammillaria tuberculosa Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 268. 1856.
Northern Mexico. Southwestern United States.
Usually growing in clumps, cylindric, or becoming so, 5,to 18 cm. high,
2 to 6 em. in diameter; tubercles more or less regularly arranged in spirals,
6 mm. long; radial spines numerous, white, sometimes aS many as 30,
acicular, 4 to 15 mm. long; central spines several, stouter than the radials,
brown to blackish or colored only at the tips, one of them usually porrect;
flowers 2.5 cm. in diameter when fully expanded, light pink; outer perianth
segments acute, ciliate, the inner narrowly pointed; fruit oblong, up to 20
mm. long, red; seeds brownish, pitted, with a small ventral hilum.
2. Escobaria dasyacantha (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 55. 1923.
Mammillaria dasyacantha Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 268. 1856.
Northern Chihuahua. Texas and New Mexico, the type from El Paso.
Globose to short-oblong, usually 4 to 7 cm. in diameter but sometimes 20
cm, long; radial spines 20 or more, white, bristle-like; central spines about
9, stouter and longer than the radials, the upper half usually reddish or
brownish, often 2 cm. long; flowers pinkish; perianth segments narrowly
oblong, apiculate; fruit clavate, scarlet, 15 to 20 mm. long; seeds black, 1 mm.
in diameter, slightly flattened, pitted, with a narrow white subbasal hilum.
8. Escobaria chihuahuensis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 55. 1923.
Chihuahua.
Plants often solitary, perhaps also cespitose, globose to short-cylindriec,
very spiny; tubercles short, usually hidden by the spines; radial spines
numerous, spreading; central spines several, longer than the radials, usually
brown or black in the upper part; flowers 1 to 1.5 cm. long, purple; outer
perianth segments broad, often rounded at apex, with ciliate margins; in-
ner perianth segments pointed.
4. Escobaria runyonii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 55. 1923.
Type from Reynosa, Tamaulipas. Texas.
Cespitose, with numerous (sometimes 100) globose to short-oblong heads,
gray-green, 3 to 5 cm. long; tubercles 5 mm. long, terete in section, with very
narrow groove above; groove at first white-woolly, not glandular; radial spines
numerous, acicular, white, 4 to 5 mm. long; central spines stouter than the ra-
dials, 5 to 7, slightly spreading, with brown or black tips, 6 to 8 mm. long;
flowers 1.5 cm. long, pale purple, the segments with a dark purple stripe down
the middle, with pale margins; outer perianth segments narrow-oblong, with
thin ciliate margins, the inner narrower than the outer, with margins entire,
acute; fruit scarlet, globose to short-oblong, 6 to 9 mm. long, juicy.
5. Escobaria chaffeyi Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 56. 1928.
Zacatecas, the type from Cedros.
Short-cylindric, 6 to 12 em. long, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter, almost covered
by the numerous white spines; tubercles rather short, light green, with a nar.
row groove above; radial spines numerous, spreading, bristly; central spines
several, a little shorter than the radials and brown or black-tipped; flowers 15
mm. long, cream-colored or sometimes purplish; outer perianth segments ciliate,
the inner oblong, obtuse, entire; fruit crimson, 2 cm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 973
6. Escobaria lloydii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 57. 1923.
Zacatecas, the type from the Sierra Zuluaga.
Plants growing in clumps and resembling a Small species of Hchinocereus ; old
plants bearing naked corky tubercles; radial spines about 20, spreading,
slender, white; central spines several, stout, with black or brownish tips, 2 cm.
long; flowers greenish, with a central stripe on the outside, 2.5 em. long; fruit
red, globose to short-oblong, 6 to 12 mm. long; seeds black, pitted, globose, 1
mm. in diameter.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
MAMMILLARIA EMSKOETTERIANA Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 139. 1910.
Perhaps a species of Hscobaria. Type supposed to have come from San Luis
Potosi.
46. BARTSCHELLA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 57. 1923.
A single species is known.
1. Bartschella schumannii (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 58. 1923.
Mammillaria schumannii Hildm. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 125, 1891.
Mammillaria venusta Ik. Prandeg. Zoe 5: 8. 1900.
Southern Baja California.
More or less cespitose (as many as 40 stems have been reported in a single
cluster), 6 em. high or less; axils slightly woolly, without bristles; radial
spines 9 to 15, stout, 6 to 12 mm. long, brownish above, glabrous; central
spines usually 1, sometimes 2 or 5, one of these usually hooked; in seedlings
10 or 11 radial spines developing, these spreading, feather-like, with long
spreading hairs; in plant one year old the spines simply puberulent, all white
with brown tips and one central much longer than the others and strongly
hooked ; flowers 3 to 4 cm. in diameter, the segments about 10, lance-acuminate ;
stamens numerous, erect, shorter than the style; style slender, erect, pale;
stigma lobes 6, linear, green; fruit short, dull; seeds usually found ina cup
in between the tubercles, less than 1 mm. long.
47. PELECYPHORA Ehrenb. Bot. Zeit. 1: 737. 1843.
A single species is known.
1. Pelecyphora aselliformis Ehrenb. Bot. Zeit. 1: 737. 1845.
San Luis Potosi.
Tufted, cylindric, 5 to 10 em. high, 2.5 to 5 em. in diameter, covered with
tubercles arranged in spirals; tubercles strongly flattened laterally, some-
what stalked at base; areoles at top of the tubercles very long and narrow,
crowned by an elongate scale-like spine with numerous lateral ridges usually
free at tip, giving a peculiar pectinate appearance; flowers 3 cm. broad or
more, campanulate; perianth segments in 4 rows, the outer ones sometimes
white, oblong, acute; flower tube proper very short; stamens borne at the
top of the flower tube, much shorter than the perianth segments; stigma lobes
4, erect; seeds 1 mm. broad, kidney-shaped. ‘“ Peyote,” “ peyotillo.”
The plant is employed locally as a remedy for fevers.
48. DOLICHOTHELE Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:61. 1923.
Plant body globose, more or less cespitose, soft in texture, never milky; tu-
bercles elongate, not grooved above; flowers borne in the axils of old tubercles,
very large, with a definite funnel-shaped tube; inner perianth segments yel-
low, spatulate, tapering into a claw and borne on the top of the tube; stamens
forming a spiral about the style and borne on the whole face of the throat
79688—24—_9
974 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
but forming a definite ring at the top of the throat; style slender; stigma
lobes linear; ovary exserted, naked; fruit smooth, greenish, purplish, or red,
globose, ellipsoid or short-oblong; seeds black.
Only three species are known.
Spines glabrous, even when very young______________________ 1. D. sphaerica.
Spines puberulent.
Tubercles very long (up to 5 em.), pale green, glaucous; radial spines 6 to
12; central spines usually present_-________.________ 2. D. longimamma.
Tubercles much shorter, bright green; radial spines 3 or +; central spines
MONE! steer te Ceol aR a ie i IE Nd oe a a 3. D. uberiformis.
1. Dolichothele sphaerica (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 61. 1923.
Mammniillaria sphaerica Dietr.; Poselg. Allg. Gartenz. 21: 94. 1853.
Northern Mexico. Texas, the type from Corpus Christi.
Low and depressed, often growing in large cespitose masses 20 cm. in
diameter, with a large thickened root; tubercles soft and turgid, resembling
those of the following species but shorter, 12 to 16 mm. long; areoles small,
circular, at first short-lanate; spines 12 to 15, glabrous, generally pale yellow,
a little darker at base at first, in age darker, often reddish, 7 to 9 mm. long,
spreading or a little curved backward; central spine 1, straight; flowers ap-
pearing toward the top of the plant but not from the axils of the younger
tubercles, with a rotate limb 6 to 7 (?) em. broad; inner perianth segments
widely spreading, oblanceolate, acute to apiculate, tapering at base into a
slender claw; fruit greenish white to purplish, short-oblong, 10 to 15 mm. long,
juicy, very fragrant; seeds black.
2. Dolichothele longimamma (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 62. 1923.
Mammillaria longimanma DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 113. 1828.
Mammillaria melaleuca Karw.; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 108. 1850.
Mammillaria globosa Link, Allg. Gartenz. 25: 240. 1857.
Tamaulipas and central Mexico.
Solitary or cespitose, about 10 cm. high; tubercles elongated, 5 cm. long,
somewhat glaucous, their axils hairy or naked; spine areoles with white hairs
when young, in age naked; radial spines 5 to 12, widely spreading, acicular,
2.5 mm. long, white to pale yellow, swollen and darker at base, puberulent ;
central spines 1 to 3, usually solitary, porrect, similar to the radials but usually
darker with a blackish tip; flowers citron-yellow, 4 to 6 cm. long.
8. Dolichothele uberiformis (Zucc.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 63. 1923.
Mammillaria uberiformis Zuece.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 23. 1837.
Mammillaria laeta Riimpler; Foérst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 247. 1885.
Central Mexico, the type from Pachuca, Hidalgo.
Globose, about 7.5 em. high and 10 em. in diameter; tubercles elongate, 2.5
to 3 cm. long, 12 to 15 mm. in diameter, dull green, shining, their axils naked;
spine areoles nearly naked; spines 3 or 4, all radial, puberulent, horn-colored
to reddish, nearly equal; flowers yellow, 3 cm. broad; outer perianth segments
reddish, the inner in 2 series, oblong, acute.
49. SOLISIA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 64. 1923.
The genus consists of a single species. It was named for Don Octavio Solis,
of Mexico City.
1. Solisia pectinata (Stein) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 64. 1923.
Pelecyphora pectinata Stein, Gartenflora 34: 25 1885.
Mammillaria pectinifera Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 804. 1898.
Puebla.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 975
Plants 1 to 3 cm. in diameter, fibrous-rooted, entirely hidden by the large
overlapping spine clusters; areoles narrow and long; spines 20 to 40, all
radial, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, white, appressed; flowers small, lateral, yellow,
borne in the axils of old tubercles; fruit small, naked, oblong; seeds 1 mm.
long, black, smooth.
50. NEOMAMMILLARIA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 65. 19238.
Plants globose, depressed-globose, or short-cylindric, occasionally much
elongate, some with milky, others with watery juice; tubercles arranged in
more or less spiraled rows, never on vertical ribs, terete, angled, or some-
times flattened, never grooved on the upper surface, usually bearing wool
or hairs and sometimes bristles but without glands in their axils and
crowned by the spine areoles; spines in clusters on the top of the tubercle,
sometimes all alike, sometimes with central ones very different from the
radial, all straight or sometimes one or more of the central spines hooked;
flowers, so far as known, diurnal, from axils of the old tubercles, much
alike as to size and shape, more or less campanulate, comparatively small.
variously colored, commonly red, yellowish, or white to pinkish; perianth
segments rather narrow, spreading; stamens numerous, borne on the base
_of the perianth tube, short, included; style about the length of the stamens;
stigma lobes linear; fruit usually clavate, rarely if ever globose, usually
ripening rapidly, naked, scarlet; seeds brown in some species, black in
others.
Besides the species here listed about 20 others are found in the south-
western United States, West Indies, Central America, and Venezuela.
The names “ biznaguita,”’ ‘‘ huevos de coyote,” and “chilitos” (fruits) are
reported from Mexico for species of uncertain determination. According to
Hernandez, the milky sap of some species was employed to remove warts.
The Tewa Indians of New Mexico are reported to eat the plants raw.
_A. Plants with none of the spines hooked.
B. Seeds brown.
C. Tubercles giving off milk freely when cut.
D. Axils of tubercles without bristles.
E. Tuberecles more or less elongate.
Tubercles terete throughout.
Central spines 1 or 2.
Central spines about as long as the radials___.1. N. gaumeri.
Central spines much longer than the radials___2. N. petrophila.
Central spines 4 to 7.
Outer perianth segments entire; central spines long and
ST OU OT eee et ee Bee os ae a 8. N. arida.
Outer perianth segments erose; central spines not elongate,
SSE OU CT se oer 4, N. brandegeei.
Tubercles more or less angled.
Tubercles nearly terete toward apex.
Outer perianth segments and scales more or less fimbriate.
5. N. gummifera.
Outer perianth segments and scales entire.
Radial spines white; flowers pinkish__________ 6. N. heyderi.
Radial spines brownish; flowers white to cream-colored.
7. N. hemisphaerica.
976
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Tubercles angled to the tip.
Spines very unequal, some much elongate.
MICS WGI» ie te yk Tei a a A 8. N. phymatothele,
Spines horn-colored, reddish, or black.
Plants without definite central spine.
Spines horn-colored, short, curved__9. N. magnimamma.
Spines reddish, long______________10. N. macracantha.
Plants with definite central spines.
(COTETSL. BURNS 2c eet Na age 11. N. johnstonii.
Central spines solitary.
Central spine 2 to 3 cm. long; perianth segments
(IHG len Gol pn a dry) oe 2D 12. N. melanocentra.
Central spine 1 ecm. long; perianth segments ob-
1) 0 FEA aS ae sends Nh care ntatl* tied eet Sa So 13. N. runyonii.
Spines nearly equal, at least none of them much elongate.
Flowers red to pinkish.
Outer perianth segments ciliate___________ 14, N. sartorii.
Outer perianth segments not ciliate (so far as known).
Central spines none.
Spines pinkish, with black tips_._____15. N. seitziana.
Spines straw-colored throughout_______ 16. N. ortegae.
Central spines 1 or 2.
Central spine solitary ; radial spines nearly equal.
17. N. meiacantha.
Central spines 2; some of the radials very short.
18. N. scrippsiana.
Flowers yellowish.
Centralispines 4 to. G32. 235 seer - Pie 19. N. gigantea.
Central spines wanting...____________ 20. N. peninsularis.
EE. Tubercles very short, symmetric.
Plants globose or depressed.
‘Axis. of tubercles’ naked 4tet ¢ vcr oes 21. N. flavovirens.
Axils of tubercles woolly.
Spines ‘partly ;deciducus=22 > es 22. N. sempervivi.
Spines not deciduous.
Central spines Present. ee eee N. obscura.
Central spines wanting____--__- ____.__24. N. crocidata.
Plants cylindric or ovoid.
Central spines wanting.
‘Tubercles nearly terete. == * uae eee 25. N. polythele.
Tubercles 4-angled.
Tubereles pointed; axils very woolly___----- 26. N. carnea.
Tubercles not pointed; axils not very woolly_-27. N. lloydii.
Central spines several.
Radial spines reduced to short bristles____28. N. zuccariniana.
Radial spines more elongate___---____________ 29. N. formosa.
DD. Axils of tubercles with bristles as well as wool.
Spines partly elongate, curved, and flexious.
Plants without definite central spines__________ 30. N. compressa.
Plants with central spines.
Central” SPines © Wendel’ see hia AN See ALC Lae 31. N. mystax.
Central spines” stifle eB Ses ee ee ee 32. N. petterssonii.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 977
Spines not elongate or, if so, not flexuous.
Tubercles terete or nearly so.
Spines..allvora digs se pau Ba Tee 83. N. karwinskiana.
Spines both radial and central.
Radial spines numerous, 12 or more.
Central spines reddish, not much longer than the radials.
Outer perianth segments ciliate_________ 34. N. standleyi.
Outer perianth segments setose______ 35. N. evermanniana.
Central spines usually white except at tip, much elongate.
iiowers” yellow -> 23-2 se ee 36. N. parkinsonii.
Mowers dark red2==. 22 = ____-_387. N. geminispina.
Radial spines few, 5 to 9.
Spines black when young____--______ 38. N. pyrrhocephala.
Spines brownish or lighter___2---_---__+__ 89. N. collinsii.
Tubercles strongly angled.
Spines both radial and central.
Radial spines; numierous= 22 seas see 40. N. chinocephala.
Radials spines few, bristle-like.
Gentral-spines.4:to-G6) ae ee 41. N. tenampensis.
Central spines 2222 9Rk. ai Geek what Laie 42. N. polygona.
Spines all of one kind, few.
Kiowers:- yellow... 22 =*6s 2 SOR ees ee _43. N. confusa.
Flowers rose-colored or white.
Flowers rose-colored. .
Plants globose; stigma lobes 4 or 5______ 44, N. villifera,
Plants cylindric; stigma lobes 8... __ 45. N. polyedra.
Mow SES heme. Sol STs PA A A 46. N. conzattii.
CC. Tubercles not giving off milk when cut, the milk tubes developed, if
at all, only in the stem proper.
Central spines wanting.
Spines subulate; areoles elliptie____--__-______ __ ee 4 N, mapina.
Spines acicular; areoles circular.
Spines numerous___-__ th Re ee AS. WN. Janata,
Spines few (4 to 6).
Spines 5 or: 6, short. Suraighto- = Se 49. N. kewensis.
Spines 4, elongate, curved.
Flowers large (2.5 em. broad) -—-__---_____ 50. N. subpolyedra.
Flowers small.
Spines slonewandraweak— == 2 ee __51. N. galeottii.
Spinessubulate.— 4 ee 52. N. tetracantha.
Central spines present.
Central spines usually 2, sometimes solitary.
Radial spines 20 or more.
Central spines stout and not very long.
Plant round or nearly so at apex; central spines often 1.
53. N. elegans.
Plant strongly umbilicate; central spines always 2.
54. N. pseudoperbella.
@®entrale‘spines: long... terug! ai nero ghee es 55. N. dealbata.
Radial spines 20 or fewer.
Radial spines white, bristle-like.
978 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stigma lobes red.
Plants globose or somewhat elongate_____ 56. N. haageana.
Plants depressed-globose___________________ 57. N. perbella.
Stigma lobes white.
Radial spines appressed___._--_____-__.____ 58. N. collina.
Radial spines not appressed_____________.___ 59. N. donatii.
Radial spines brownish when young, stouter____60. N. mundtii.
Central spines usually 4, sometimes more.
Central spines white or yellow.
Radial spines white.
Plants globose.
Axils of tubercles not setose; central spines usually 4, rarely
aS) Many AS) Te th a 61. N. celsiana.
Axils of tubercles setose; central spines usually 9.
62. N. aureiceps.
Plants ey lind rics ois Steak te ee, 63. N. yucatanensis.
Radial spines yellow.
Plants: * slobular) 0085225 .3\ ce Ae) Bei 64. N. pringlei.
Plants ‘slender-cylindric- 2 2+ 6 22. Fawn) 65. N. cerralboa.
Central spines brown or black.
Central .Spines® black= io) =) -s get i a 66. N. phaeacantha.
Central spines brown.
Axils of tubercles not setose______-_--__ 67. N. graessneriana.
Axils of tubercles setose.
Tubercles closely set.
Central spines not very different from the radial.
Plant body more or less elongate; spines brownish or
MOC LEY ee es OS eee Bea) he yt es 68. N. spinosissima.
Plant body globose; radial spines whitish.
69. N. densispina.
Central spines very different from the radial.
70. N. nunezii.
Tubercles spreading.
Central spines unequal; stigma lobes green.
71. N. amoena.
Central spines nearly equal; stigma lobes rose-colored.
72. N. rhodantha.
B. Seeds black. Neither tubercles nor stems milky.
Spines Mplumose===- 2. 4 ee ee ite _ eal eee 73. N. plumosa.
Spines not plumose.
Radial spines weak and hairlike___-_________________ 74. N. multiceps.
Radial spines not hairlike.
Spines yellow.
Spines 2 to 8, glabrous, more or less twisted or bent.
75. N. camptotricha.
Spines about 20, pubescent, straight____________ 76. N. eriacantha.
Spines not yellow. :
Spines 25 to 80.
Spines pubescent or lanate.
Spines lanate,’25 to 30__—sas0) ms ie eens 77. N. schiedeana.
Spines pubescent or puberulent___-__-----_~- 78. N. lasiacantha.
Spines not pubescent.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 979
Spines all very much alike.
Perianth segments obtuse__-__-___-________ 79. N. denudata.
Per‘anth segments pointed.
Klowers about ‘mms ilong 23 i een 80. N. lenta.
Flowers about 20 mm. long___-__-______ 81. N. candida.
Spines unlike, the centrals unlike the others___82. N. vetula.
Spines 20 or fewer.
Plants globose.
EEO WEES aPC Cesta ee a elec a ae 83. N. fertilis.
Flowers white.
Central spines solitary; radials T to 9______ 84. N. decipiens.
Central spines 5 to 8; radials 16 to 20______ 85. N. discolor.
Plants cylindric.
Joints very fragile, breaking loose when touched or jarred.
86. N. fragilis.
Joints not fragile.
Spines all radial and recurved____________ 87. N. elongata.
Spines both radial and central.
Axils of tubercles not bristly.
Spines: all yellowes S 22s teen 88. N. echinaria.
Spines not yellow.
Upper central spines more or less connivent over the
top: of planitsaesie teegengh ye 89. N. pottsii.
Upper central spines not connivent over the top of
plants. Wa aati ies Fun ad 90. N. mazatlanensis.
Axils of tubercles bristly.
Stems slender-cylindric or globose; species of central
Mexicossstse. 2an_ selenite jo alle 91. N. sphacelata.
Stems short-cylindric or globose; species of Baja Cali-
fornia.
Spines nearly white or at least becoming so; seeds
minute.
Spines all white or nearly so; spine areoles at first
langtes. 2 ew ee ae AAT 92. N. albicans.
Spines tan-colored with dark tips; spine areoles not
LEW oF i eye oad Set ale de Fa alive Sie S 93. N. slevinii.
Spines not white; seeds 3 mm. long____94. N. palmeri.
AA. Plants with some of the central spines hooked.
Tubercles milky; seeds brown.
jE PENT SY ofA GY YSY Spe pg hh Ta wis A bh Ag tty worth tm el 95. N. uncinata.
Plants cylindric? === "= 22) 27 eet Soiree are ae 96. N. hamata.
Tubercles never milky; seeds black (except in Nos. 97 and 98).
Seeds brown.
Fruit red; flowers from side of plant___-_______-________ 97. N. rekoi.
Fruit green; flowers from near base of plant____________ 98. N. solisii.
Seeds black.
Fruit depressed, long-persisting_______________ 131. N. longiflora.
Fruit elongate, clavate, ripening quickly.
Seeds nugose: ope tani ares ule mele tery 1 ui byy 130. WN. nelsonii.
Seeds not rugose.
F. Plants usually small; spines setaceous to delicately acicular.
980 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Central spines yellow.
Central spines glabrous___________.________ 99. N. pygmaea.
Central spines pubescent.
MOWELS Wi ite Se SE EL BN Sah eS 100. N. wildii.
Hlowers: yellowish aitsovs 22) i eto i 101. N. seideliana.
Central spines red to brown.
Outer perianth segments ciliate.
Central spines shorter than the flower; perianth segments
Aewte ae Mies ye wa eh oe we ON Ee 102. N. barbata.
Central spines longer than the flower; perianth segments
ODtUSE 322 BIRT EU: ____________103. WN. mercadensis.
Outer perianth segments entire.
Axils of tubercles setose.
Inner perianth segments white to yellowish.
Central spines 3 or 4.
Radial spines about 25; flowers 2 em. long.
104. N. kunzeana.
Radial spines about 20; flowers 1 em. long.
105. N. hirsuta.
Central spines 7 to 9______-__- 106. N. multihamata.
Inner perianth segments red or reddish.
Radial spines weak and _ hairlike.
Central spines several____________ 107. N. longicoma.
Central spines’ solitary__{/1—____ 108. N. bocasana.
Radial spines stiff.
Radial spines glabrous_________ 109. N. multiformis.
Radial spines pubescent____110, N. scheidweileriana.
Axils of tubercles not setose.
Flowers 2.2 em. long or more.
Central spines. solitary__se!) 2-3 111. N. saffordii.
Central: spines’ 8% - 2a sone st _112. N. schelhasei.
Flowers 1 to 1.5 em. long.
Plants teéspitosetul 8 250fga 238 113. N. glochidiata.
Plants solitary.
Inner perianth segments acuminate.
114. N. trichacantha.
Inner perianth segments merely acute.
115. N. painteri.
FF. Plants stout; at least the central spines stout-acicular to subu-
late.
Outer perianth segments ciliate.
Perianth rotate; stigma lobes red____________ 116. N. mainae.
Perianth campanulate; stigma lobes green.
EIOWEES White -=26E h Siek os ee 117. N. boedekeriana.
Flowers purple to pinkish.
Radial spines often as many as 30____118. N. microcarpa.
Radial spines often as few as 12_-_-_____ 119. N. sheldonii.
Outer perianth segments not ciliate.
Bristles (sometimes only one, sometimes many) present in axils
of the tubercles.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 981
Seeds constricted above the base.
Flowers greenish or pink.
Flowers greenish, 10 to 12 mm. long; central spines yel-
lowisheto,, reddish =e ss 120. N. armillata.
Flowers pink, 20 mm. long; central spines dark brown.
121. N. fraileana.
MIOWwers neatly whites sss. a we 122. N. swinglei.
Seeds not constricted above the base.
Central spines several; flowers yellowish___123. N. dioica.
Central spines usually solitary; flowers rose-colored.
124. N. goodridgei.
Bristles none in the axils of the tubercles.
WIOWEES: Ota tC sae nee tele ee 125. N. zephyranthoides.
Flowers campanulate.
Plants globose.
BIOWers aWwhit@e 2 saet et ae ere meee 126. N. carretii.
Flowers pink to purplish.
Inner perianth segments obtuse_____ 127. N. jaliscana.
Inner perianth segments acute to acuminate.
128. N. bombycina.
Plants slender, elongate, and cylindric.
129. N. occidentalis
i. Neomammillaria gaumeri Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 72. 1923.
Yucatan; type from sand dunes of Progreso.
Cespitose, the branches short, globose to short-cylindric, up to 15 cm. long;
tubercles dark green, short, nearly terete, obtuse, the axils naked even when
young, 5 to 7 mm. long, very milky; spine areoles conspicuously white-woolly
at first, soon naked; radial spines 10 to 12, spreading, acicular, white with
brown tips, or the lower ones in the cluster darker, 5 to 7 mm. long; central
spine solitary, porrect, usually brown; flowers very abundant from near the
top of the plant but not from the axils of young areoles, creamy white, 10 to
14 mm. long; outer perianth segments greenish, brown-tipped; scales on
flower tube broadly ovate, scarious; fruit crimson, clavate, 18 to 20 mm.
long, naked.
2. Neomammillaria petrophila (T. S. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae
4: 73. 1923.
Mammillaria petrophila T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 193. 1904.
Mountains of southern Baja California; type from Sierra de la Laguna.
Sometimes cespitose, milky, globular, 15 cm. in diameter or less; tubercles
short, broad at base; spines at first chestnut-colored, becoming pale in age;
radial spines 10, about 1 cm. long, a little spreading; central spine 1 (rarely 2).
2 em. long, darker and stouter than the radials; flowers bright greenish yellow,
18 to 20 mm. long; perianth segments hardly acute, sometimes slightly erose:
fruit small, roundish; seeds reddish, smooth, less than 1 mm. long.
3. Neomammillaria arida (Rose) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 73. 1923.
Mammillaria arida Rose; Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 181. 1913.
Southern Baja California; type from hills near Pichilinque Island, near
La Paz.
Plants usually single, globular, 3 to 6 em. in diameter, containing much
milk and giving it off freely when injured; tubercles nearly terete; radial
spines about 15, pale, ascending, the bases sometimes yellowish and the tip
dark; central spines 4 to 7, 12 to 16 mm. long, much longer than the radials,
79688—_24—__10
982 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
dark brown, erect; flowers 1 cm. long; outer perianth segments dark purple
with lighter margins, entire, the inner cream-colored to almost pale yellow ; fruit
clavate, red, 15 em. long; seeds brown.
4. Neomammillaria brandegeei (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 73. 1923.
Cactus brandegeei Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 96. 1894.
Cactus gabbii Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 109. 1894.
Mammillaria gabbii Engelm.; K. Brandeg. Erythea 5: 116. 1897.
Mammillaria brandegeei K. Brandeg. Erythea 5: 116. 1897.
Baja California; type from San Jorge.
Cylindric to globular, flattened, solitary or in clusters of 2 to 8; tubercles
angled; axils woolly; radial spines 9 to 16, 8 to 10 mm. long, yellowish
brown; central spines 3 to 6, a little longer and darker than the radials;
flowers 15 mm. long; outer perianth segments ovate, striate, ciliate, the
inner greenish yellow, narrower, entire; fruit white (according to Schumann),
bearing a few narrow scales.
5. Neomammillaria gummifera (Hngelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 74.
1923.
Mammillaria gummifera Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 105, 1848.
Chihuahua; type from Cosihuiriachi. ;
Depressed-globose, 8 to 12 cm. in diameter; tubercles light green, milky,
somewhat 4angled; axils of tubercles and spine areoles somewhat white-
tomentose when young; radial spines 10 to 12, ascending, white with brown-
ish or even blackish tips, the lower ones stouter and longer than the others,
often 2 to 2.5 em. long and somewhat recurved; central spines 1 or 2, some-
times 4; flowers 3 cm. long, brownish red outside; inner perianth seg-
ments reddish white with dark red band in middle.
6. Neomammillaria heyderi (Miihlenpf.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 75. 1923.
Mammillaria heyderi Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 20. 1848.
Northern Mexico. Texas.
Plant globose or somewhat flattened at apex; tubercles conic, 12 mm. long,
when young bearing wool in their axils; young spine areoles white-woolly;
radial spines 20 to 22, white, setaceous, the lower ones stouter and longer;
central spine solitary, brown at base and apex, 5 to 6 mm. long; flowers pink-
ish, the segments linear-oblong; fruit oblong, red. ‘‘Biznaga de chilillos”
(Patoni).
7. Neomammillaria hemisphaerica (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
75. 1923.
Mammvillaria hemisphaerica Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 105. 1848.
Northeastern Mexico; type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Western Texas.
Deep-seated in the soil, hemispheric, 8 to 12 cm. broad, dark green; tubercles
only slightly angled, not very closely set, 1 to 1.5 em. long, somewhat pointed,
their axils nearly naked in the dormant stages; spine areoles woolly when
young, becoming glabrate in age; radial spines 9 to 12, widely spreading, ©
acicular, the upper ones more delicate, 4 to 8 mm. long, brownish or smoky,
often with black tips; central spine solitary, porrect, brown; flowers cream-
colored, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; inner perianth segments acute; fruit slender, clavate,
red, 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
=,
‘8. Neomammillaria phymatothele (Berg) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 76.
1923.
Mammillaria phymatothele Berg, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 129. 1840.
Mammillaria ludwigii Ehrenb. Linnaea 14: 376. 1840.
Central Mexico.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 983
Simple, subglobose, glaucous-green; axils of young tubercles bearing white
wool, becoming naked; tubercles large, 4-sided; areoles when young white-
woolly, in age naked; radial spines 7 to 10, grayish white, the three upper
smaller, the central recurved; flowers described by Schumann as carmine-
colored.
9. Neomammillaria magnimamma (Haw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
77. 1928.
Mammillaria magnimamma Haw. Phil. Mag. 68: 41. 1824.
Mammillaria divergens DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat 17: 113. 1828.
Mammillaria gladiata Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 336. 18382.
Mammillaria ceratophora Lehm. Allg. Gartenz. 3: 228. 1835.
Mammillaria recurva Lehm.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 15. 1837.
Mammillaria hystrix Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 21. 1837.
Mammillaria ehrenbergii Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 18388.
Mammillaria microceras Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 6. 1838.
Mammillaria deflerispina Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. 6. 1838.
Mammillaria versicolor Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 494. 1838.
?Mammillaria conopsea Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 496. 1838.
Mammillaria centricirrha Lem. Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 42. 1839.
Mammillaria neumanniana Lem. Cact. Gen. Nov. Sp. 53. 1839.
Mammillaria pentacantha Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 406, 1840.
Mammillaria subcurvata Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 12: 232. 1844.
Mammillaria diadema Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 13: 346. 1845.
Mammillaria krameri Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 13: 347. 1845.
Mammillaria foersteri Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 371. 1846.
2?Manmillaria tetracentra Otto; Férst. Handb. Cact. 214. 1846.
Mammitllaria bockii Forst. Allg. Gartenz. 15: 50. 1847.
Mammillaria pazzanii Stieber, Bot. Zeit. 5: 491. 1847.
Mammillaria divaricata Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 210. 1848.
Mammillaria hopferiana Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 329. 1848.
Mammillaria glauca Dietr.; Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 330. 1848.
Mammillaria megacantha Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 123. 1850.
Mammillaria uberimamma Monville; Labour. Monogr. Cact. 120. 1853.
?Mammillaria cirrosa Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 94. 1853.
Mammillaria pachytele Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 23: 17. 1855.
Manwmillaria lactescens Meinsh. Wochenschr. Giirtn. Pflanz. 2: 117. 1859.
Mammillaria geberweileriana Haage; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 358. 1885.
Mammillaria schmidtii Sencke; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 376. 1885.
Valley of Mexico, and elsewhere in central Mexico.
Globose, the larger plants 10 em. in diameter, sometimes solitary but oftener
cespitose with 25 in a cluster or more, very milky throughout; tubercles conic
or somewhat flattened or faintly 4-angled, 1 em. long, the axils when young
densely woolly; spines 3 to 5, very unequal, the upper ones short and straight,
the lower one or two 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, recurved or incurved, all horn-colored,
with black tips; flowers cream-colored ; fruit clavate, 2 cm. long, crimson; seeds
brownish.
10. Neomammillaria macracantha (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 79. 1928.
Mammillaria macracantha DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828.
Cactus alternatus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 95. 1894.
San Luis Potosf.
984 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Depressed-globose, 2 to 3 em. high, 6 to 15 em. in diameter; axils of old tuber-
cles naked, of young ones densely lanate; tubercles ovoid, somewhat 4-sided;
young spine areoles somewhat tomentose; spines 1 or 2, somewhat angled, elon-
gate, the longest 5 cm. long, porrect or more or less reflexed, white or yel-
lowish ; flowers dark pink, a little longer than the tubercles; perianth segments
linear, spreading.
11. Neomammillaria johnstonii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 80. 1923.
Type from San Carlos Bay, Sonora.
Plants large for the genus, globular to short-oblong, 15 to 20 em. high,
slightly depressed at apex; tubercles 1 to 1.3 cm. long, 4-angled throughout,
somewhat bluish, naked in the axils, milky; spine areoles when young short-
floccose, in age glabrate, terete; radial spines 10 to 14, white but with brown
tips, somewhat spreading, stiff-acicular; central spines 2, much longer and
stouter than the radials, slightly diverging, bluish brown; flowers from near
the top of the plant but from the axils of old tubercles, campanulate, 2 em.
long; outer perianth segments ovate-lanceolate, greenish white with a reddish
brown midrib; inner perianth segments narrow, acuminate, white.
12. Neomammillaria melanocentra (Poselg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 81.
1923.
Mammillaria melanocentra Poselg. Allg. Gartenz. 23: 17. 1855.
Mammiillaria erinacea Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 23: 18. 1855.
Mammillaria valida Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 806. 1898.
Mexico; type from Monterrey, Nuevo Leon.
Short-cylindric, glaucous-green; tubereles in 8 and 13 spirals, strongly
angled; radial spines 6, stout-subulate, 1.5 to 2 em. long, brownish; central
spines solitary, black, 2 to 8 cm. long, greatly overtopping the stem; flowers
pinkish red, the segments linear, acute.
13. Neomammillaria runyonii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 81. 1923,
Type from El Mirador, near Monterrey, Nuevo Leon.
Plants deep-seated, depressed; tubercles milky, elongate, 1.5 em. long,
strongly 4-angled, their tips widely separated, the axils long-woolly (never
setose), especially when young, sometimes permanently so; young spine areoles
long-woolly, in age glabrate; radial spines 6 to 8, slightly ascending, the outer
ones stouter and often dark brown, the inner ones about half the length of
the outer and nearly white; central spine solitary, brown to black, erect, 10
to 14 mm. long; flowers about 2 cm. long, purple; perianth segments oblong;
fruit red, clavate, 12 to 16 mm. long; seeds brown.
14. Neomammillaria sartorii (Purpus) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 82. 1923.
Mammillaria sartorii Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 50. 1911.
Veracruz, the type from Barranca de Panecaya.
Globose to short-ecylindric, 5 to 18 cm. in diameter, cespitose, very milky,
bluish green; tubercles strongly 4-angled, pointed, 8 to 12 mm. long, their
axils without bristles and in time without wool; spine areoles circular when
young, densely white-woolly but in age glabrate; spines 4 to 6, very unequal,
5 to 8 mm. long, whitish or sometimes brownish, the central spine solitary;
flowers 1.5 to 2 em. long, deep carmine; perianth segments oblong, apiculate,
the tip dry, the outer ones ciliate, the inner serrulate; fruit carmine; seeds
brown.
15. Neomammillaria seitziana (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 83. 1923.
Mammillaria seitziana Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 18. 1837.
Mammillaria foveolata Miihlenpf. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 372. 1846.
Hidalgo, the type from Ixmiquilpan.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 985
Solitary or somewhat proliferous at base, cylindric, 12 em. high; tubercles
green, conic, somewhat angled; axils of tubercles woolly; areoles at first
white-woolly, becoming glabrate; spines 4, the upper and lower longer than
the lateral; flower rose-colored, about 25 mm. long; outer perianth seg-
ments olive-colored, the inner linear-lanceolate, white, nerved with red.
16. Necmammillaria ortegae Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 83. 1923.
Sinaloa.
Simple, short-clavate, 5 to S cm. in diameter, light green, lactiferous;
tubercles rather short (8 to 10 mm. long), broader at base, obscurely
4-angled, somewhat pointed, very woolly but not setose in the axils; spines all
radial, 3 or 4, more commonly 4 (sometimes with 1 or 2 small additional
spines or bristles, perhaps deciduous), spreading, straw-colored, 6 to 10 mm.
long; flowers small; fruit clavate, 1 cm. long; seeds numerous, small, angled,
brown.
17. Neomammillaria meiacantha (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 83.
1923.
Mammillaria meiacantha Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 263. 1856.
Northern Mexico. Texas and New Mexico.
Somewhat depressed, 12 cm. broad or more; tubercles milky, bluish green,
-more or less angled, somewhat flattened dorsally, the axils naked; spines 5
to 9, ascending, pale flesh-colored, the tips darker, the lower a little stouter
than the upper; central spines porrect, similar to but a little stouter than
the radials and often subradial; spine areoles short-woolly at first; inner
perianth segments white with a pink stripe along the inside of the midrib
one-fourth its width, greenish brown outside; fruit scarlet, 22 mm. long; seeds
brownish.
18. Neomammillaria scrippsiana Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 84. 1923.
Type from Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Globose or becoming short-cylindric, 6 em. high; tubercles milky, in 26
rows, bluish green, very woolly in the axils when young; spine areoles very
woolly at first; radial spines 8 to 10, slender, pale with reddish tips; cen-
tral spines generally 2, a little longer than the radials, brown throughout,
slightly divergent; flowers borne near the top of the plant but not in the
axils of the youngest tubercles, about 1 cm. long, pinkish, with the margins
of the perianth segments paler.
19. Neomammillaria gigantea (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 85. 1923.
Mammillaria gigantea Hildm.; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 578. 1898.
Guanajuato.
Solitary or cespitose, depressed-globose, 10 em. high, 15 to 17 em. in diam-
eter; axils of tubercles lanate; radial spines 12, subulate, white, 3 mm. long;
central spines 4 to 6, stout, 2 em. long, curved, yellowish brown; flowers yel-
lowish green.
20. Neomammillaria peninsularis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 85. 1923.
Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Plants solitary or in clusters, deeply seated in the ground, more or less flat-
topped, bluish green, the stems and tubercles very milky; tubercles erect,
pointed, 4-angled, pale green; radial spines 4 to 8, nearly erect, short and pale
with brown tips, one sometimes nearly central; axils of tubercles bearing long
wool but in age naked; flowers 1.5 cm. long, arising from old tubercles but near
the center; outer perianth segments narrow, reddish, the inner narrow, acumi-
nate, green or light yellow, with erose margins.
986 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
21. Neomammillaria flavovirens (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
85. 1923.
Mammillaria flavovirens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 117. 1850.
Mexico.
Hither solitary or somewhat cespitose, globose or short-cylindric, 6 to 8 cm.
high, light or yellowish green; tubercles somewhat 4-angled; axils naked;
radial spines 5, slender, subulate; central spines solitary, porrect; flowers
white, streaked with rose.
22. Neomammillaria sempervivi (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 86. 1923.
Mammillaria sempervivi DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 114. 1828.
Mammillaria caput-medusae Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 22. 1837.
Mammillaria diacantha Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 2. 1838.
Hidalgo and elsewhere in central Mexico.
Solitary or somewhat cespitose, flattened above, narrowed below; axils of
tubercles very woolly, milky; tubercles short, angled; spine areoles very woolly
when young but glabrate in age; radial spines 3 to 7, short, white, caducous;
central spines 2, ascending, brownish, stoutish; flowers dull white, with reddish
lines; inner perianth segments acute, spreading.
23. Neomammillaria obscura (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 87. 1923.
Mammiillaria obscura Hildm. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 52. 1891.
Mexico, the range not known.
Solitary, depressed-globose, blackish green; axils woolly; tubercles ar-
ranged in 13 and 21 spirals, angled, stout, woolly in the axils but not setose;
radial spines 6 to 8, subulate, white, unequal, the upper ones shorter than the
lower; central spines 2 to 4, the lower one slightly curved, black; flowers
small.
24, Neomammillaria crocidata (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 87. 1923.
Mammillaria crocidata Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. 9. 1838.
Mammillaria webbiana Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 45. 1839.
Querétaro and elsewhere in central Mexico.
Plant globose or a little depressed, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter; radial spines 6
or 7, dark brown or nearly black; central spines none; axils of tubercles in
young plant densely woolly; flowers from axils of old tubercles near top of
plant, reddish purple, 12 to 14 cm. long; outer perianth segments ciliate, the
inner acuminate.
25. Neomammillaria polythele (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 88. 1923.
Mammillaria polythele Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 328. 1832.
Mammillaria quadrispina Mart. Noy. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 329. 1832.
Mammillaria columnaris Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 330. 1832.
Mammillaria affinis DC. Mém. Cact. 11. 1834.
Mammillaria setosa Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 3: 379. 1835.
?Mammillaria hidalgensis Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 118. 1907.
Hidalgo.
Elongate, cylindric, often 30 to 50 cm. high, 7 to 10 cm. in diameter; tu-
bercles milky, in about 21 spirals, 10 to 12 mm. long, nearly terete, some-
what narrowed toward apex, dull green; axils of young tubercles densely
long-woolly and often nearly covering the top of plant, in age becoming
naked; spines 2 to 4, perhaps sometimes 6, all radial, somewhat spreading, 1
to 2.5 em. long, reddish, straight or a little curved; flowers from near the top
of the plant, reddish, 8 to 10 mm. long; perianth segments narrow, acuminate;
fruit red, clavate; seeds small, brownish.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 987
26. Neomammillaria carnea (Zuce.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 88. 1923.
Mammillaria carnea Zuce.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 19. 1837.
Mammillaria subtetragona Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 169. 1840.
Manmillaria aeruginosa Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 338. 1840.
Mammillaria pallescens Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 42. 1841.
Central and southern Mexico, the type from Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo.
Plants solitary, cylindric, 8 to 9 em. high; tubercles strongly 4-angled, the
axils woolly, the upper ones erect; radial spines none; central spines 4, straight,
reddish, the lower one 10 mm. long, twice as long as the other 3; flowers
borne in the old axils; outer perianth segments nearly 2 cm. long, nearly
erect, flesh-colored; fruit pear-shaped, obtuse, bright red.
27. Neomammillaria lloydii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 89. 1923.
Zacatecas.
Plant body at first flattened but in cultivation becoming elongate, sometimes
10 cm. long, 6 to 7 em. in diameter; axils of young tubercles only slightly
woolly; tubercles milky, small, numerous, 4-angled, woolly when quite young;
radial spines 3 or 4, ascending, glabrous, the uppermost one red or dark brown,
the others whitish, 2 to 5 mm. long; central spines none; flowers in a ring
near the center of plant; outer perianth segments dark red with light or
eolored margins, the inner white with a tinge of red and dark red central
stripes, not ciliate, apiculate, spreading above.
28. Neomammillaria zuccariniana (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 89.
1923.
Mammillaria zuccariniana Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 331. 1832.
San Luis Potosi.
Globose to elongate-cylindric, 8 to 20 cm. long, bluish green, milky; areoles
and axils of young tubercles filled with white wool; radial spines wanting
or represented by very stout bristles; central spines 2 to 4, black, unequal,
2 to 12 mm. long, spreading; flowers about 1 cm. long, with a broad open
throat; outer perianth segments brownish, acute, the inner lanceolate, acute,
entire, magenta; fruit red, 10 mm. long; seeds brownish.
29. Neomammillaria formosa (Galeotti) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 99. 1923.
Mammillaria formosa Galeotti; Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 497. 18538.
San Luis Potosi; type from San Felipe.
Somewhat clavate, sunken at apex; axils lanate; tubercles spirally arranged,
obtusely 4-angled, light green; areoles naked; radial spines 20 to 22, white,
rigid, radiating; central spines 6, spreading, thickened at base, at first flesh-
colored at base, black at tip, becoming black throughout or grayish; flowers red.
30. Neomammillaria compressa (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 90. 1925.
Mammillaria compressa DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 112. 1828.
Manmillaria subangularis DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 112. 1828.
Mammillaria triacantha DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 113. 1828.
Mammillaria cirrhifera Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 334. 1832.
Mammillaria angularis Link & Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 12. 1837.
Mammillaria squarrosa Meinsh. Wochenschr. Girtn. Pflanz. 2: 116. 1850.
Mammillaria oettingenii Zeissold, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 10. 1898.
Mammillaria kleinschmidtiana Zeissold, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 21. 1898.
Querétaro, San Luis Potosi, and elsewhere in central Mexico.
Growing in large clumps, cylindric, pale bluish green; axils of tubercles
white-woolly, setose; tubercles short, compressed laterally, keeled below, more
rounded above; young spine areoles white-woolly; principal spines 4, some-
988 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
times with 1 to 3 very short accessory ones from the lower part of the areole;
lower spine much longer, spreading or recurved, 5 to 6 em. long, somewhat
angled; all spines pale, more or less tinged with brown, with dark tips; flower
pinkish, 10 to 12 mm. iong; outer perianth segments acute, somewhat ciliate,
the inner narrow, acuminate, with spreading tips; fruit clavate, red; seeds
brown.
81. Neomammillaria mystax (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 92. 1923.
Maminillaria mystaz Mart. Noy. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 332. 1832.
Mammillaria leucotricha Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 338. 1840.
Mamnvillaria zanthotricha Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 338. 1840.
Mammillaria mutabilis Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 43. 1841.
Mammillaria funkii Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 43. 1841.
Mammillaria autumnalis Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 297. 1848.
Mammillaria maschalacantha Monville; Labour. Monogr. Cact. 106. 1853.
Mountains of Puebla and Oaxaca, and perhaps elsewhere in southern Mexico.
Globose to short-cylindric, 7 to 15 cm. high, flat-topped; tubercles in as many
as 34 rows, thickly set, milky ; radial spines 8 to 10, small, white; central spines
4, 3 about twice as long as the radial ones, the other much elongate, 6 to 7 cm.
long; flowers 1.5 to 2 cm. long, appearing in 2 or 3 rows, very abundant; inner
perianth segments dark red, 12 mm. long; fruit red, 2 to 2.5 em. long.
32. Neomammillaria petterssonii (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 94.
19238.
Mammillaria petterssonii Hildm. Deutsch. Gartenz. 1886: 185. 1886.
Mammillaria heeseana McDowell, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 125. 1896.
Guanajuato.
Plants rather large for the genus, cylindric, 20 cm. high or more, very
spiny; tubercles arranged in 13 or 21 spirals, terete, setose in their axils;
radial spines 10 to 12, white, with black tips; central spines 4, the longest
ones 4.5 cm. long; fruit small, naked, oblong.
33. Neomammillaria karwinskiana (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
95. 19238.
Mammillaria karwinskiana Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 385. 1882.
? Mammvillaria fischeri Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 257. 1836.
Mammillaria centrispina Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 258. 1836.
? Mammillaria virens Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 43. 1841.
Oaxaca.
Globose to cylindric, somewhat flattened above; tubercles terete, milky;
sp'nes 4 to 6, all radial, sometimes one more near the center than the others,
nearly equal, short, brown or blackish at the tips or throughout; axils very
woolly and with long, conspicuous, white or brown-tipped bristles much
longer than the tubercles; flowers nearly 2 cm. long, the scales and outer
perianth segments narrow, reddish except at the margins, ciliate; inner
perianth segments broader, cream-colored, not ciliate, mucronate-tipped; fruit
15 mm. long, red; seeds brown.
Related to this species is Mammillaria knippeliana Quehl (Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 17: 59.1907). It was described from cultivated plants.
34. Neomammillaria standleyi Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 97. 1925.
Sonora; type from Sierra de Alamos.
Plants usually solitary, nearly globose, often 10 cm. in diameter, pale green,
densely covered with spines; axils of tubercles containing white bristles, the
flowering and fruiting ones filled with dense white wool; radial spines about
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 989
16, slightly spreading, white except the dark tips; central spines 4, longer
and stouter than the radials, porrect, reddish brown; flowers about 12 mm,
long, purplish; inner perianth segments oblong, entire; fruit scarlet, 12 to 16
mm. long; seeds brownish.
35. Neomammillaria evermanniana Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 97. 1923.
Type from Cerralbo Island, Baja California.
Globose to elongate-turbinate, 5 to 7 cm. in diameter, lactiferous; tubercles
closely set, terete, nearly hidden under the numerous slender spines; axils of
tubercles at first very woolly and setose; spines white except at tip, there
brown ; radial spines 12 to 15; central spines 3, erect or nearly so; fruit red,
about 1 em. long; seeds brown.
36. Neomammillaria parkinsonii (Ehrenb.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 98.
1923. .
Mammillaria parkinsonii Ehrenb. Linnaea 14: 375. 1840.
Central Mexico; type from San Onofre in the Mineral del Doctor.
Cespitose, somewhat depressed to cylindric, 15 em. high, 7.5 em. in diameter,
globose, glaucous-green ; axils of tubercles lanate and setose; tubercles milky,
short, conic; radial spines numerous, setaceous, short, white: central spines
2 or sometimes 4 or 5, brownish at tip; flowers surrounded by a mass of wool,
“small, yellowish; inner perianth segments apiculate; fruit clavate, scarlet, 1
em. long; seeds brown.
37. Neomammillaria geminispina (Haw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 98.
1923.
Mammillaria geninispina Haw. Phil. Mag. 68: 42. 1824.
Mammillaria bicolor Lehm. Sam. Cact. Hamb. Gart. 7. 1830.
Mammillaria nivea Wendl.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 27. 1837.
Mammiillaria daedala Scheidw. Hort. Belg. 4: 16. 1837.
Mammillaria toaldoae Lehm. Linnaea 12: 13. 1838
Mammillaria eburnea Miquel, Linnaea 12: 14. 1838.
Mammillaria nobilis Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 282. 1840.
North-central Mexico.
Cespitose or single in cultivation, cylindric, somewhat .glaucous; axils
woolly; tubercles terete, conic; radial spines 16 to 20, very short, setaceous,
white; central spines 2 to 4, stouter and longer than the radials, about 25 mm.
long, black-tipped; flowers dark red; inner perianth segments oblong, obtuse,
serrate.
38. Neomammillaria pyrrhocephala (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
99. 1923.
Mammillaria pyrrhocephala Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 42. 1841.
Mammniillaria senkei Foérst. Handb. Cact. 227. 1846.
Hidalgo and perhaps Oaxaca; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
Cylindric; axils lanate and setose; tubercles angled, green or subglaucous;
areole bearing yellowish wool; spines all black when young, when old becom-
ing gray below; radial spines 6, spreading, the upper ones a little longer;
central spines single, erect; flowers red.
39. Neomammillaria collinsii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 101. 1923.
Type from San Ger6énimo, Oaxaca.
Plants forming large clumps, the individuals globose, 4 em. in diameter;
tubercles terete, green but becoming bronzed or even deep purple; axils of
tubercles both lanate and setose: radial spines usually 7, pale yellowish
below, with dark brown or blackish tips, subequal, 5 to 7 mm. long; central
990 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
spine 1, similar to or a little longer and usually darker than the radials;
flowers 12 to 15 mm. long; outer perianth segments reddish with yellowish
margin, ciliate; inner perianth segments lighter, entire, acuminate; fruit
clavate, 15 cm. long, deep red; seeds brownish.
40. Neomammillaria chinocephala (Purpus) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
101. 1923.
Mammillaria chinocephala Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 41. 1906.
Highlands of central Mexico; type from Sierra de Parras, Coahuila.
Plants globose, sometimes 8 cm. in diameter, almost hidden by the white
spines; tubercles low, very milky; axils of tubercles densely filled with white
wool and numerous hairlike bristles; radial spines 35 to 40, somewhat pecti-
nate, spreading ; central spines 2 to 7, more or less divergent, much stouter than
the radials, rigid, white, with brownish tips; flowers 1 em. long, rose-red; fruit
clavate, red; seeds small, brown.
41. Neomammillaria tenampensis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 101. 1923.
Type from Barranca de Tenampa.
Globose, light green, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles 6 to 7 mm. long,
4-sided, pointed; axils of upper tubercles naked, but those producing flowers
filled with yellow wool and numerous yellow bristles; spines 4 to 6, brown-
ish with dark tips, ascending, surrounded at base by 8 to 10 small white
bristles; outermost perianth segments small, brownish, the outer ones
lanceolate, acuminate, similar to the inner ones, all ciliate; inner perianth
segments reddish purple, 8 to 10 mm. long, lanceolate, apiculate, denticulate.
42. Neomammillaria polygona (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 101.
1923.
Mammillaria polygona Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 120. 1850.
Mexico, the range not known.
Subclavate, 10 cm. high, simple; axils of tubercles lanate and setose;
tubercles 4-angled; radial spines about 8, 2 or 3 upper ones minute, the 4
lateral ones and the lowermost one longer; central spines 2, stout, brownish
at tip, often long and recurved; flowers pale rose-colored.
Related to this species is Mammillaria echinops Scheidw. (Hort. Belg. 5:
95. 1838), which was described from Mexico.
43. Neomammillaria confusa Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 102. 1923.
Mexico, but range not known.
At first solitary, becoming cespitose, globose to short-cylindric, deep green ;
axils densely white-woolly and setose; tubercles short, a little flattened, 4-
angled, pointed; spines 4 to 6, all radial, ascending, at first yellowish with
brown tips, in age white below, 2 to 3 mm. long; flowers yellow, about 8
mm. long; outer perianth segments ovate, ciliate, with a black mucro-tip;
inner perianth segments spreading, acute.
44, Neomammillaria villifera (Otto) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 102. 1923.
Mammillaria villifera Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 18. 1837.
Mexico, but range not known.
Subglobose, proliferous; axils lanate and setose; tubercles angled; areoles
at first lanate, in age naked; spines 4, rigid, straight, the lowest one longer
(8 mm. long), at first purplish, in age black; flowers pale rose-colored; in-
ner perianth segments 14, acute.
45. Neomammillaria polyedra (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 102. 1928.
Mammillaria polyedra Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 326. 1832.
‘Mammillaria polytricha Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenz. 10: 289. 1842.
Southern Mexico; type from Oaxaca.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 991
Simple, cylindric or somewhat broader above; axils of tubercles setose;
tubercles 12 mm. long, flattened dorsally, angled, pointed; spines 4, ascending.
short, grayish with purplish tips; flowers inconspicuous, reddish; inner peri-
anth segments short-acuminate.
46. Neomammillaria conzattii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 103. 1923.
Type from Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca.
Short-cylindric, 8 cm. high, sometimes branched at apex, dark green, very
milky; axils of young tubercles bearing an abundance of white wool and con-
spicuous white bristles; tubercles 4 to 5 mm. long, somewhat angled; young
spine areoles woolly; spines 4 or 5, all radial, somewhat spreading, brownish,
the tips usually darker than the bases; flowers white, campanulate, sometimes
tinged with red, about 2 cm. long, the segments somewhat spreading, nar-
rowly oblong, the outer ones serrulate, apiculate.
47, Neomammillaria napina (Purpus) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 104. 1923.
Mammillaria napina Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 161. 1912.
Southern Mexico; type from mountains west of Tehuacin, Puebla.
Roots thick, elongate when small, single, but when in a cluster of 8 or 4,
somewhat spindle-shaped; plants globose, 4 to 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles
low, terete in section, not at all milky; spines all radial, 10 to 12, pectinate,
white or yellowish, spreading and interlacing.
48. Neomammillaria lanata Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 104. 1923.
Type from Rio de Santa Luisa.
Small, short-cylindric ; tubercles 2 to 4 mm. long; spine areoles short-elliptic ;
spines 12 to 14, all radial, widely spreading, white except the brown bases;
flowering areoles very woolly, the young flowers surrounded by a mass of long
white hairs; flowers 6 to 7 mm. long, red; inner perianth segments about 15,
oblong, obtuse or acutish, spreading above.
49. Neomammillaria kewensis (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 104.
1923.
Mammillaria kewensis Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 112. 1850.
Mexico, but range not known.
Globose to cylindric, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter; tubercles short, terete, when
young short-woolly in the axils and at the areoles; spines 5 or 6, all radial, 4
to 5 mm. long, brown with dark tips; axils of tubercles bearing crisp hairs;
flowers about 15 mm. long, reddish purple; perianth segments lanceolate, acute.
50. Neomammillaria subpolyedra (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
105. 1923.
Mammillaria subpolyedra Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck. 348. 1834.
Hidalgo.
Solitary, subcylindric, 10 cm. high, 6 em. in diameter; tubercles pointed,
strongly angled; axils and spine areoles white-woolly; spines 4, at first black-
ish purple, becoming paler but the tips remaining purplish, the lowest one
largest; flowers 2.5 em. broad; perianth segments obtuse, erose, with darker
midrib; fruit red, 2.5 em. long, pyriform, 12 mm. in diameter at apex.
51. Neomammillaria galeottii (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 105.
1923.
Mammillaria galeottii Scheidw. Hort. Belg. 4: 93. 1837.
Mexico, the range not known.
Simple or cespitose, the joints globose; tubercles pointed; spines 4, elongate,
the upper ones erect and connivent over the apex of the plant, on the older
tubercles weak and spreading, 2.5 cm. long.
992 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
52. Neomammillaria tetracantha (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
106. 19238.
Mammillaria tetracantha Salm-Dyck; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 18. 1837.
Mammillaria obconella Scheidw. Hert. Belg. 4: 93. 1837.
Mammniillaria dolichocentra Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 3. 1838.
Mammillaria rigidispina Hildmann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 112. 1893.
Mexico, the range not known.
Nearly globose, 6 to 8 cm. in diameter; axils of tubercles with scant per-
sistent wool; tubercles 8 to 10 mm. long, obscurely 4-angled; areoles small, at
first lanate, somewhat 4-angled; spines 4, all radial, slender, the 3 lower equal,
the upper one incurved, longer, 25 mm. long, when young all yellowish white,
in age grayish yellow or brown; flowers numerous from near the top of the
plant, small, pinkish to rose-colored; inner perianth segments narrowly lanceo-
late, acuminate.
53. Neomammillaria elegans (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 107. 1923.
Mammillaria geminispina DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 30. 1828. Not J.
geminispina Haw. 1824. ;
Mammillaria elegans DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 11. 1828.
Mammillaria acanthophlegma Lehm. Delect. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1882.
Mammillaria superterta Mart.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 25. 1837.
Mammillaria dyckiana Zuecc.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 26. 1837.
Manunillaria klugiit Ehrenb. Bot. Zeit. 2: 834. 1844.
Mammillaria meisneri Ehrenb. Bot. Zeit. 2: 834. 1844.
Mammillaria kunthii Ehrenb. Bot. Zeit. 2: 835. 1844.
Mammillaria splendens Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 242. 1849.
Central Mexico.
Simple, obovate to globose, 5 cm. in diameter, somewhat umbilicate at apex;
tubercles ovate, naked in their axils, not lactiferous; spine areoles tomentose
when young; radial spines stiff, bristle-like, 25 to 30, white, spreading; central
spine 1 (sometimes 2 or 3), rigid.
Related to this species are Mammillaria conspicua Purpus (Monatsschr.
Kakteenk. 22: 163. 1912) and M. microthele Miihlenpf. (Allg. Gartenz. 16: 11.
1848; Cactus bispinus Coulter, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 3: 101. 1894).
54. Neomammillaria pseudoperbella (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
109. 1923.
Mammillaria pseudoperbella Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 188. 1909.
Oaxaca and elsewhere.
Simple or with few branches, globose to short-cylindric, very spiny, de-
pressed at apex; tubercles short-cylindric; radial spines 20 to 380, setaceous,
white, short; central spines 2, one erect, the other turned backward.
55. Neomammillaria dealbata (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 110. 19238.
Mammillaria dealbata Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 309. 1845.
Valley of Mexico and elsewhere in Central Mexico.
Globose, to short-cylindric, glaucous, more or less depressed at apex but
almost hidden by the many closely appressed spine clusters; axils of tubercles
and young spine areoles densely lanate but in age glabrate; radial spines
about 20, white, short, appressed; central spines 2, much stouter and longer
than the radials, sometimes 1 cm. long, the upper ones often erect, white be-
low, brown or black at tip; flowers small, carmine; fruit clavate, red; seeds
brown.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 993
56. Neomammillaria haageana (Pfeiff.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 110. 1923
Mammillaria haageana Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 257. 1836.
Mexico, the range not known.
Somewhat cespitose, the individual plants globose or somewhat elongate
in age; axils slightly woolly; rad‘al spines about 20, radiating, white, cen-
tral spines 2, a little longer than the radials, black; flowers small, carmine-
rose.
57. Neomammillaria perbella (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 111. 1923.
Mammillaria perbella Hildm.; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 567. 1898.
Mexico, the range not known.
Solitary or somewhat cespitose, depressed-globose, glaucous-green; tubercles
short-conic, their axils lanate; radial spines 14 to 18, 1 to 1.5 mm. long,
setaceous, white; central spines 2, very short (4 to 6 mm. long); flowers 9
to 10 mm. long, reddish.
58. Neomammillaria collina (Purpus) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 111. 1923.
Mammillaria collina Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 162. 1912.
Puebla, the type from Esperanza.
Simple, globose, 12 to 13 em. in diameter, somewhat depressed at apex;
tubercles cylindr’ec, 1 cm. long or less, woolly in their axils; radial spines
16 to 18, white, 4 mm. long; central spines 1 to 2, longer than the radials;
flowers rose-colored, 1.5 to 2 em. long; fruit 2 em. long, red.
59. Neomammillaria donatii (Berge) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 111. 1923
Manmmillaria donatii Berge; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. Nachtr. 135. 1903.
Mexico, the range not known.
Usually simple, stout and globose but sometimes branching, glaucous-
green; tubercles small, conic, naked in their axils; radial spines 16 to 18,
8 mm. long, glossy; central spines 2, yellowish black, 10 mm. long; flowers
reddish, 15 mm. long. ;
60. Neomammillaria mundtii (Schum.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 112. 1923.
Mammillaria mundtii Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 141. 1903.
Mexico, the range not known.
Solitary, so far as known, globose, 6 to 7 cm. in diameter; tubercles not
milky, nearly terete, dark green, rather short and stubby, naked in their
axils; spine areoles circular, somewhat lanate when young; radial spines 8
to 15, swollen at base, spreading or somewhat curved backward, 6 to 8 mm.
long, brownish when young, the tips usually darker; central spines 2, a little
stouter and longer than the radials, porrect; flower from near the center
of the plant, 2 em. long.
61. Neomammillaria celsiana (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 112. 1923.
Mammillaria celsiana Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 41. 1839.
Mammillaria muehlenpfordtii Forst. Allg. Gartenz. 15: 49. 1847.
Mammillaria schaeferi Fennel, Allg. Gartenz. 15: 66. 1847.
?Memmillaria perringii Hildmann, Gartenwelt 10: 250. 1906.
Oaxaca and elsewhere in southern Mexico.
Plant body subglobose, becoming columnar, 10 to 12.5 em. high, 7.5 em. in
diameter, deep green; axils of tubercles woolly; tubercles conic, compact;
spine areoles small, round, woolly when young; radial spines 24 to 26, about
equal, white, setaceous; central spines 4 to 6, rarely 7, somewhat longer than
the radials, terete, rigid, pale yellow, more or less recurved and unequal, 8 to
16 mm. long; flowers red; fruit described as green.
994 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
62. Neomammillaria aureiceps (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 114. 1923.
Mammillaria aureiceps Lem. Cact. Alig. Nov. 8. 1838.
Valley of Mexico.
Globose to short-oblong, 8 to 10 cm. in diameter; tubercles short, terete,
woolly and setose in their axils; radial spines about 20, bristle-like, white, 5 to$
mm. long, spreading; central spines several, sometimes as many as 9, yellow,
stouter and longer than the radials, 10 to 14 mm. long, somewhat spreading and
a little curved inward; flowers small, dark red.
63. Neomammillaria yucatanensis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 114. 1928.
Yucatan; type from Progreso.
Plants in clumps of 4, erect, cylindric, not milky, 10 to 15 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm.
in diameter, very spiny; tubercles conic, woolly in their axils but not setose;
radial spines about 20, white, spreading, acicular; central spines 4 or rarely 5,
much stouter than the radials, 6 to 8 mm. long, slghtly spreading above, yel-
lowish brown; flowers very small, rose; fruit oblong, bright red.
64. Neomammillaria pringlei (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 115. 1923.
Cactus pringlei Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 109. 1894.
Mammillaria pringlei K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 7. 1900.
State of Mexico; type from Tultenango Canyon.
Solitary, with long fibrous roots, usually globose but sometimes depressed
or short-cylindric, 6 to 16 em. high, 6 to 7 em. in diameter; tubercles dull
green, terete, conic, 6 to 10 mm. long; axils of tubercles woolly and setose;
spines all yellow; radial spines 18 to 20, setaceous, spreading, 5 to 8 mm.
long; central spines 5 to 7, much stouter and longer than the radials, more
or less recurved, 2 to 2.5 em. long, those from the upper areoles curved over
the apex of the plant; flowers deep red, 8 to 10 mm. long; fruits borne in a
circle near the middle of the plant, oblong, 12 to 15 mm. long; seeds small,
brown.
65. Neomammillaria cerralboa Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 116. 1923.
Type from Cerralbo Island, Baja California.
Cylindric, solitary, 10 to 15 cm. high, 5 to 6 em. in diameter; tubercles not
milky, yellowish, terete, obtuse, closely set; spines all yellow, very much alike,
about 11, one usually more central, the longer ones nearly 2 em. long; flowers
1 em. long or less.
66. Neomammillaria phaeacantha (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 116.
1923.
Mammillaria phaeacantha Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 47. 1839.
Mammillaria nigricans Fennel, Allg. Gartenz. 15: 66. 1847.
Mexico, the range not known.
Globose or somewhat depressed, green; axils of tubercles woolly; tubercles
conic, hardly if at all angled; spine areoles small, yellowish-tomentose (prob-
ably so only when young) ; radial spines 16 to 20, white, setaceous; central
spines 4, black, subulate, spreading or reflexed, the lowest one longest; flowers
from the upper part of the plant, dark red; perianth segments oblong, acumi-
nate.
67. Neomammillaria graessneriana (Bédeker) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
117.1923.
Mammillaria graessneriana Bédeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 30: 84. 1920.
Mexico, the range not known.
Solitary or becoming cespitose, globose, 6 to 8 cm. in diameter, dark bluish
green, somewhat depressed at apex; tubercles 4-angled, 8 mm. long, not milky,
obtuse or truncate at apex, not setose in the axils; spine areoles circular,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 995
white-woolly when young, nearly naked in age; radial spines 18 to 20, acicular,
6 to 8 mm. long, white; central spines 2 to 4, stouter than the radials, spread-
ing, 8 mm. long, reddish brown; flowers small, somewhat distant from the apex
of the plant.
68. Neomammillaria spinosissima (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 117.
19238.
Mammillaria spinosissina Lem. Cact. Aliq. Nov. 4. 1888.
Mammiillaria polycentra Berg, Allg. Gartenz. 8: 1380. 1840.
Mammillaria auricoma Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 308. 1846.
Mammillaria polyacantha Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 265. 1848.
Mammillaria polyactina BKhrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 266. 1848.
Mammillaria hepatica Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 267. 1848.
Mammillaria pomacea Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 16: 267, 1848.
Mammillaria pulcherrima Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 249. 1849.
Manmnillaria pretiosa Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 250. 1849.
Mammillaria caesia Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 251. 1849.
Mamniillaria mirabilis Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 251. 1849.
Mammillaria pruinosa Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 261. 1849.
Mammillaria seegeri Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 261. 1849.
Mammillaria haseloffit Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 1'7: 303. 1849.
Manmillaria herrmannii Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 303. 1849.
Mammillaria aurorea Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 303. 1849.
Mammillaria linkeana Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 308. 1849.
Mammillaria vulpina Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 308. 1849.
Manmillaria eximia Bhrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 309. 1849.
Mammillaria isabellina Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 309. 1849.
Mammiliaria uhdeana Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 83. 1850.
Mammillaria castaneoides Lemaire; Labour. Monogr. Cact. 87. 1853.
Mamnillaria sanguinea Haage; Regel, Act. Hort. Petrop. 8: 276. 1883.
Mammillaria poselgeriana Haage; Férst. Handb. Cact. ed. 2. 269. 1885.
High mountains of Mexico and Morelos, and elsewhere in central Mexico.
Cylindrie, 7 to 30 cm. long, 2.5 to 10 em. in diameter, almost hidden under
a dense covering of spines; axils of tubercles setose; tubercles 2 to 3 mm.
long; spines yellow to red, usually weak, hardly pungent; radial spines about
20, 1 em. long or less; central spines 7 or 8, 2 ecm. long or more; flowers from
the upper part of the plant, purplish, 12 mm. long; inner perianth segments
acute.
69. Neomammillaria densispina (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 119.
1923.
Cactus densispinus Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 96. 1894.
Mammillaria pseudofuscata Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 114. 1914.
San Luis Potosi
Globose, 6 to 10 em. in diameter, entirely hidden by the dense covering of
spines; tubercles short and thick, green, not milky; radial spines 25 or more,
slightly spreading, about 1 cm. long, whitish or pale yellow; central spines
5 or 6, longer than the radials, 10 to 12 mm. long, the upper half or third dark
brown; flowers purple without, yellowish within, 1.5 cm. long; seeds obovate,
reddish brown, 1 mm. in diameter.
70. Neomammillaria nunezii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 120. 19238.
Guerrero, the type from Buenavista de Cuellar.
Globose to cylindric, 1.5 ecm. long, 6 to 8 em. in diameter; tubercles closely
set, short, terete, setose in their axils; radial spines white, stiff, about 30,
996 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
widely spreading; central spines 2 to 4, stout, 10 to 15 mm. long, brown to
nearly blackish at tip; fruit 2.5 cm. long, clavate, white or tinged with pink;
seeds small, brown.
71. Neomammillaria amoena (Hoppfer) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 120.
1928.
Mammillaria amoena Hoppfer; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 99. 1850.
Morelos and elsewhere in central Mexico.
Stems robust, columnar; tubercles green, ovoid, obtuse, subglaucous; radial
spines 16, slender, radiating, white; central spines 2, rigid, yellowish brown, 8
to 10 mm. long, the upper one longer and recurved; flowers appearing from
the axils above the middle of the plant, 2 ecm. long, the tube cone-shaped,
green; outer perianth segments somewhat brownish, the inner with a pale
brown central stripe, the margins nearly white, obtuse, entire.
72. Neomammillaria rhodantha (Link & Otto) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
12 1923: fs
Mammnvillaria rhodantha Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 51. 1829.
Mammillaria pulehra Haw. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1329. 1830.
Mammillaria fulvispina Haw. Phil. Mag. 7: 108. 1830.
?Mammillaria inuncta Hoffmannsegg, Preiss-Verz. ed. 7. 28. 1833.
Manmillaria erinacea Wendl. Cact. Herrenh. 1835.
Mammillaria chrysacantha Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 28. 1837.
Mammillaria fuscata Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 28. 1837.
Mammillaria tentaculata Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 29. 1837.
Mammillaria ruficeps Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 87. 1839.
Mammillaria odierana Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 46. 1839.
Mammillaria pyrrhochracantha Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 51. 1839.
Mammillaria pfeifferi Booth; Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 6: 93. 1839.
?Mammillaria crassispina Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 8: 406. 1840.
Mammillaria stenocephala Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 43. 1841:
?Mammillaria imbricata Wegener, Allg. Gartenz. 12: 66. 1844.
Mammillaria sulphurea Senke; Foérst. Handb. Cact. 200. 1846.
Mammillaria robusta Otto; Foérst. Handb. Cact. 207. 1846.
Mammillaria stueberi Otto; Férst. Handb. Cact. 517. 1846.
Mammillaria lanifera Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 98. 1850.
? Mammillaria russea Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 19: 347. 1851.
Probably central Mexico.
Cylindric, 10 to 30 em. long, erect, dull green; tubercles terete, some-
what narrowed toward the apex, 3 to 5 mm. long, not milky; axils of tubercles
sometimes bearing bristles, often naked; radial spines 15 to 20, white, 5 to 7
mm. long; central spines 4 to 6, reddish brown, straight, ascending, much
stouter than the radials, 10 to 12 mm. long; flowers numerous, rose-colored,
12 mm. broad; inner perianth segments linear, somewhat spreading, pointed ;
fruit 2.5 em. long, cylindric, lilac to red; seeds brownish.
73. Neomammillaria plumosa (Weber) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 123, 1928.
Mammillaria plumosa Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 804. 1898.
Northern Mexico.
Small, growing in dense clusters, sometimes 15 cm. broad, entirely cov-
ered by the mass of white spines; tubercles somewhat woolly in their axils,
2 to 3 mm. long; spines about 40, all radial, weak, plumose, 3 to 7 mm.
long; flowers white, 3 to 4 mm. long; perianth segments with a red line
running down the center; seeds black.
STANDLEY-—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 997
74. Neomammillaria multiceps (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
1255, 1923: -
Mammillaria multiceps Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 81. 1850.
Northeastern Mexico. Texas.
Cespitose, often forming large clumps; separate plants globose to short-
oblong, often only 1 to 2 em. in diameter; tubercles small, terete, hairy in
their axils; radial spines hairlike, white; central spines several, pubescent,
yellowish at base, dark brown above; flowers about 12 mm. long, whitish
to salmon-yellowish, often becoming reddish on the outside; fruit oblong,
to 12 mm. long, scarlet; seeds black, 1 mm. long, punctate.
75. Neomammillaria camptotricha (Dams) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 126.
1923.
Manmillaria camptotricha Dams, Gartenwelt 10: 14. 1905.
Deserts of eastern Querétaro.
Plants globose, cespitose, deep green, 5 em. in diameter; tubercles some-
what elongate, often curved, 2 cm. long, terete, not at all milky, bearing bris-
tles in the axils; spines 2 to 4, described as up to as many as 8, yellowish,
bristle-like, spreading and twisted or bent, often 3 em. long; spine areoles
small, circular, a little woolly at first; axils of tubercles bristly; flowers about
1 cm. long; outer perianth segments greenish, the inner white, 10 mm. long,
acute.
76. Neomammillaria eriacantha (Link & Otto) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
127. 19238.
Mammillaria eriacantha Link & Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 32. 1837.
Central Mexico.
Solitary or cespitose, 10 to 15 em. high, cylindric, 5 em. in diameter; tubercles
spiraled, in 22 rows; radial spines about 20, delicate, spreading, pubescent; cen-
tral spines 2, widely spreading, stouter than the radials, pubescent, yellowish;
flowers borne in a ring above the middle of the plant, yellow, 14 mm. broad;
inner perianth segments about 14, linear, acute; fruit at first greenish white,
afterwards tinged with red, short-clavate.
77. Neomammillaria schiedeana (Ehrenb.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 128.
12S:
Manmmillaria schiedeana Ehrenb.; Schlecht. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 249. 1838.
?Mammillaria sericata Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 44. 1839.
Mammillaria dumetorum Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 149. 1912.
?Mammillaria cephalophora Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 158. 1914.
Central Mexico, the type from Puente de Dios.
Densely cespitose, somewhat soft in texture; axils of tubercles bearing long
bristle-like white hairs; tubercles green, terete; radial spines about 30, white,
spreading, bristle-like, puberulent; central spines 6 to 10, spreading and ap-
pressed against the radials, a little stouter, often tinged with yellow; flowers
15 mm. long; inner perianth segments white.
78. Neomammillaria lasiacantha (Hngelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 128.
1923.
Mammillaria lasiacantha Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 261. 1856.
Northern Chihuahua. Texas.
Globose, 2 to 2.5 em. in diameter; tubercles small, their axils naked; spines
40 to 60, in more than one series, white, puberulent, 2 to 4 mm. long; flowers
12 mm. long, whitish or pink; fruit 1 to 2 em. long; seeds blackish, pitted.
998 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
79. Neomammillaria denudata (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 129,
1923.
Mammillaria lasiacantha denudata Engelm. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Cact. 5.
1859.
Coahuila. Texas.
Globose, 2.5 to 3.5 em. in diameter; tubercles 5 to 6 mm. long; spines 50
to 80, glabrous or nearly so, 3 to 5 mm. long, the innermost usually much
shorter; flowers and fruit from near the center but not from the axils of
young tubercles; flowers 10 to 12 mm. long; perianth segments about 12, ob-
long, obtuse, the margins white, the center light purple; fruit clavate, red,
1.5 to 2 em. long; seeds black.
80. Neomammillaria lenta (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 129.
1923.
Mammillaria lenta K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 194. 1904.
Coabuila, the type from Viesca.
Described as cespitose; individuals globose to short-cylindric, almost hid-
den by the white delicate spines; tubercles very slender, light green; spine
areoles naked; spines about 40, very fragile; axils woolly and occasionally
bearing a single bristle; flowers whitish, 7 mm. long; perianth segments
pointed; fruit red, clavate; seeds 1 mm. in diameter, dull black.
81. Neomammillaria candida (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 130.
1923.
Mammillaria candida Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 496. 1838.
Mammillaria sphaerotricha Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 33. 1839.
Mammillaria humboldtii Ehrenb. Linnaea 14: 378. 1840.
Central Mexico; type from San Luis Potosi.
Cespitose; individual plants globose, 5 to 7 em. in diameter, almost hidden
by the white spines; radial spines numerous, radiating; central spines 8 to
12, porrect, often brownish at tip, a little stouter than the radials; axils
setose: flowers 2 em. long, rose-colored; perianth segments serrulate toward
the apex; fruit red; seeds black.
82. Neomammillaria vetula (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 130. 1925.
Mammillaria vetula Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 338. 1832.
Hidalgo; type from San José del Oro.
Plant somewhat club-shaped, 4 to 5 em. high; tubercles terete, light green,
somewhat shining; axils naked or sometimes with a small tuft of wool;
radial spines about 25, spreading, white, bristle-like; central spines 1 to 6,
stouter than the radials, brownish; flowers 12 to 15 mm. long, borne at up-
per part of the plant; outer perianth segments red, with yellowish mar-
gins, the inner cream-colored.
83. Neomammillaria fertilis (Hildm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 131. 1928.
Mammillaria fertilis Hildm.; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 530. 1898.
Mexico, the range not known.
Cespitose, the individual plant globose to short-cylindric, dark green;
tubercles arranged in 8 or 13 rows, a little woolly in their axils; radial
spines 7 to 10, acicular, 6 mm. long; central spines 1 or 2, straight, stouter
than the radials, 10 mm. long; flowers deep crimson, 2 cm. long; inner
perianth segments linear-lanceolate, acute.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 999
84. Neomammillaria decipiens (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
131. 1923.
Mammillaria decipiens Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 496. 1838.
Mammillaria anancistria Lem. Cact. Hort. Monv. 39. 1839.
Mammillaria guilleminiana Lem. Cact. Hort. Mony. 48. 1839.
San Luis Potosi.
Usually cespitose, deep green; tubercles soft, cylindric, about 1 cm. long,
their axils bearing 2 or 3 bristles each; radial spines 7 to 9, spreading, slender,
white, sometimes yellowish with brown tips, puberulent when young; cen-
tral spine 1, much longer than the radials, erect or ascending, 15 to 18 mm.
long, dark brown; flower 15 mm. long, broadly funnel-shaped; inner perianth
segments nearly white or faintly tinged with pink, acute.
85. Neomammillaria discolor (Haw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 132. 1923.
Mammillaria discolor Haw. Syn. Pl. Suee. 177. 1812.
Cactus depressus DC. Cact. Hort. Monsp. 84. 1813. Not C. depressus Haw.
1812. :
Cactus pseudomammillaris Salm-Dyck, Liste Pl. 1: 1. 1815.
Cactus spini Colla, Mém. Accad. Sci. Torino 33: 133. 1826.
Mammillaria albida Haage; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 28. 1837.
Mammillaria aciculata, Otto; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 29. 1837.
?Mammillaria curvispina Otto; Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 14: 204. 1846.
Mammillaria nitens Otto; Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 3351. 1848.
Mamniillaria pulchella Otto; Linke, Allg. Gartenz. 16: 331. 1848.
Puebla. :
Globose or somewhat depressed, often solitary, about 7 cm. in diameter;
tubercles ovoid-conic, arranged in 18 to 15 spirals, their axils naked; radial
spines 16 to 20, white, setaceous, widely spreading; central spines about 6,
stouter than the radials, straight, at first black with white bases; flowers 15
mm. broad when fully open; inner perianth segments linear, white, with violet-
rose band; fruit red, 2.5 cm. long.
86. Neomammillaria fragilis (Salm-Dyck) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 133.
1923.
Mammillaria fragilis Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 103. 1850.
Mexico, the range not known.
Stems usually oblong or club-shaped, sprouting freely toward the top;
branches globose and breaking off at the slighest touch; tubercles bright green,
terete, their axils nearly naked; radial spines 12 to 14, white, naked, spread-
ing; central spines usually wanting, especially on branches, if present 1 or 2,
elongate, erect, brownish especially at tip; young spine areoles with white
wool; flowers from the upper part of plant but not from the center, small,
lasting for several days, cream-colored, the outer segments somewhat pinkish;
petals broad, with mucronate tip.
87. Neomammillaria elongata (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 134. 1923.
Mammillaria elongata DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 109. 1828.
Mammillaria subcrocea DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 177: 110. 1828.
Manmmillaria intertexta DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 110. 1828.
Mammillaria tenuis DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 110. 1828.
?Mammillaria densa Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 69. 1830.
Mammillaria stella-aurata Mart.; Zuce. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 101.
1837.
?Mammillaria anguinea Otto; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 101. 1850.
1000 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
?Mammillaria subechinata Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 101. 1850.
Mammillaria rufocrocea Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 102. 1850.
Eastern Mexico.
Densely cespitose, forming small clumps, erect, ascending, or prostrate, 3
to 10 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter, almost covered by a mass of inter-
locking spines; tubercles arranged in few rows, usually in spirals, short, their
axils naked; spines usually all radial but sometimes with 1 porrect central
spine, yellow or with brown tips, more or less recurved, 8 to 12 mm. long;
spine areoles pubescent when young; flowers at the upper part of the plant
but from the axils of old tubercles, white or nearly so, rather short and broad,
6 to 7 mm. long; perianth segments about 12, rather broad, obtuse or some-
times apiculate. 4
88. Neomammillaria echinaria (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 136. 1923.
Mammillaria echinaria DC. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 110. 1828.
Mammillaria echinata DC. Mém. Cact. 3. 1834.
Mammillaria gracilis Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 275. 1838.
Hidalgo.
Plants cespitose, often forming large clumps, ascending or spreading, 1 to
1.5 em. in diameter; tubercles short, terete, their axils naked; spines pale yel-
low to glossy white; radial spines about 15, spreading; central spines one,
straight, acicular, about 1 em. long; flowers and fruit not known.
89. Neomammillaria pottsii (Scheer) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 136. 1923.
Mammillaria pottsii Scheer; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 104. 1850.
Mammiillaria leona Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 94. 1853.
Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, Chihuahua, and Zacatecas. Texas.
More or less cespitose, the individual plants cylindric, 12 em. long or more;
tubercles almost hidden by the spines; radial spines about 30, white, weak,
short; central spines 6 to 12, much stouter and longer, more or less ascending,
grayish with brown tips; axils of tubercles woolly; flowers borne in a circle
about 2 em. below the top of the plant, about 1 cm. long; inner perianth seg-
ments light purple, somewhat spreading at tip, acute; fruit red, clavate;
seeds blackish brown, the surface deeply pitted.
90. Neomammillaria mazatlanensis (Schum.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
138. 1928.
Mammillaria mazatlanensis Schum. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 11: 154. 1901.
Mammillaria littoralis K. Brandeg. Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. 1908: App. 91. 1908.
On hills near the sea, about Mazatlin, Sinaloa.
Plants cespitose, often forming broad clumps with many oblong heads, 4 to
10 em. long, about 2 cm. in diameter; tubercles terete, 3 to 4 mm. long, their
axils naked; radial spines 12 to 15, setaceous, spreading, white; central spines
4 to 6, stouter than the radials, reddish, ascending, 8 to 10 mm. long; flowers
from the axils of the old tubercles but toward the top of the plant, 3 cm.
long or more, red; perianth segments oblong, spreading.
91. Neomammillaria sphacelata (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 138.
1923.
Mammillaria sphacelata Mart. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 339. 1832.
Puebla and Oaxaca.
Usually densely cespitose, often grayish, forming clumps 30 to 40 cm. in
diameter, the individual plants cylindric, more or less elongate, often 10 to
20 em. high; radial spines 14 to 20, usually white with black tips; central
spines 3 or 4, usually black or reddish throughout, sometimes becoming white
in age; axils of tubercles often bearing tufts of short hairs and occasionally
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1001
a few bristles; flowers about 15 mm. long, purplish; fruit red, clavate; seeds
black, the surface deeply pitted.
92. Neomammillaria albicans Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 138. 1923.
Islands of the Gulf of California; type from Santa Cruz Island.
Plants at first globose but becoming cylindric and then 10 to 20 cm. long,
up to 6 em. in diameter, often in clumps of 5 to 15 plants; spines almost hid-
ing the plant body and often pure white; radial spines numerous, short, stiff,
widely spreading; central spines several, straight, stiff, often brownish or
blackish at tip; spine areoles when young densely white-woolly; fruit clavate,
red, 10 to 18 mm. long; seeds black.
93. Neomammillaria slevinii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 139. 1923.
Islands of Baja California, the type from San Josef Island.
Plants simple, cylindric, 10 cm. high or more, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter, en-
tirely hidden under the mass of closely set spines; spines at the top of plant
pinkish below, with brown to blackish tips, those on the lower part of plant
bleaching white; radial spines numerous, acicular, widely spreading; central
spines about 6, a little longer and stouter than the radials, slightly spreading;
flowers about 2 em. broad; outer perianth segments with a pinkish midrib,
the inner white; fruit red, about 1 em. long; seeds black.
94. Neomammillaria palmeri (Coulter) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 140. 1923.
Mammillaria palmeri Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 108. 1894.
San Benito Island and possibly Guadalupe Island, Baja California.
Densely cespitose; individuals small; axils densely woolly and bristly;
radial spines 25 to 30, slender, white, 5 mm. long, radiating; central spines
8 to 5, stouter and longer than the radials, brownish with black tips,
straight, 7 to 8 mm. long; flowers cream-colored, sometimes tinged with pink;
fruit clavate, scarlet; seeds black.
95. Neomammillaria uncinata (Zuce.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 140. 1923.
Mammillaria uncinata Zuce.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 34. 1837.
Mammillaria bihamata Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838.
Mammillaria depressa Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 5: 494. 1838.
Hidalgo and San Luis Potosi, and elsewhere in central Mexico.
Globose or somewhat depressed, usually half-buried in the soil, 8 to 10
em. in diameter; tubercles lactiferous, short, obtuse; axils of old tubercles
naked, of young ones lanate, forming a mass of wool at the top; young
spine areoles also lanate; radial spines 4 to 6, usually white, subulate, 4 to
5 mm. long; central spines usually solitary, sometimes 2 or 8, much stouter
than the radials, 8 to 12 mm. long, brown, hooked at apex; flowers reddist:
white, about 2 cm. long; inner perianth segments linear-oblong; fruit clavate,
10 to 18 mm. long, red; seeds small, brown.
96. Neomammillaria hamata (Lehm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 140. 1923.
Cactus cylindricus Orteg. Hort. Matr. Dee. 128. 1800. Not C. cylindricus
Lam. 1783.
Mammillaria hamata Lehm.; Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 34. 1837.
Mexico, the range not known.
Stem €O em. long, cylindric, somewhat branched at base, said to be milky;
tubercles conic or a little compressed; radial spines 15 to 20, white, spread-
ing; central spines several, brownish, stouter than the radials, one of them
hooked; flowers small, probably scarlet, from near the top of the plant but
from the axils of old tubercles; inner perianth segments lanceolate, acute;
fruit slender, clavate, probably red; seeds minute, brown.
1002 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
97. Neomammillaria rekoi Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 141. 1923.
Oaxaca.
Globular to short-cylindric, becoming 10 cm. long, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter,
not milky; tubercles green, terete, 8 to 10 mm. long, not very closely set,
each bearing in its axil a tuft of short white wool and 5 to 8 long white
bristles; radial spines spreading, about 20, white, delicately acicular, 4 to 6
mm. long; central spines 4, brown, much stouter than the radials, 10 to
15 mm. long, the lower one usually strongly hooked; flowers from axils of
old tubercles, near the top of the plant, 1.5 cm. long, deep purple; inner
perianth segments narrowly oblong, apiculate; fruit clavate, red, 12 mm.
long; seeds minute, brown.
98. Neomammillaria solisii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 142. 1923.
Guerrero, the type from Cerro de Buenavista de Cuellar.
Simple, globose or nearly so, 5 to 7 cm. in diameter, green or becoming pur-
plish; tubercles 8 mm. long, terete, a little narrow toward the tip and thus
separated above from the adjoining tubercles, their axils without wool even
when young and usually with 1 to many bristles; radial spines 10 to 20, spread-
ing, 6 to 7 mm. long, white, bristle-like; central spines 3 or 4, a little stouter than
the radials, becoming brown, one of them strongly hooked (sometimes 2 cm.
long) ; flowers from axils near base of the plant; ovary remaining dormant for
a long time (at least a month), then elongating and the fruit maturing quickly,
this short-oblong, 10 to 12 mm. long, green; seeds 1 mm. long, brown, pitted.
99. Neomammillaria pygmaea Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 142. 1923.
Querétaro; type from Cadereyta.
Plant very small, globose to cylindric, 2 to 3 cm. in diameter; tubercles
small, cbtuse; radial spines about 15, white, stiff, hardly puberulent even under
a lens; central spines 4, ascending, golden yellow, the lower one hooked, 5 to
6 cm. long; flowers about 1 cm. long, the outer segments tinged with red, apic-
ulate; inner perianth segments about 10, cream-colored.
100. Neomammillaria wildii (Dietr.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 143. 1923.
Mammillaria wildii Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 4: 137. 1836.
Hidalgo.
Cylindric to globose, cespitose at base; axils of tubercles bearing rose-colored
hairs and bristles; tubercles slender, elongate, 8 to 10 mm. long, obtuse, green
or somewhat rose-colored at base; young areoles tomentose; spines all puberu-
lent; radial spines 8 to 10, 8 mm. long, setiform, white; central spines 4, yel-
low, one of them hooked; flowers white, 12 mm. in diameter; inner perianth
segments acuminate; fruit clavate, red.
101. Neomammillaria seideliana (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 144.
1923.
Manvnillaria seideliana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 154. 1911.
Zacatecas.
Solitary, globose, becoming cespitose, 3 to 4 em. in diameter; tubercles
purplish, their axils naked; radial spines 20 to 25, white, long and slender,
ascending, puberulent; central spines yellow, 3 or 4, one hooked, puberulent
when young; flowers arising from near the top of the plant, 15 to 18 mm. long,
creamy yellow, the outer perianth segments brownish, the inner oblong,
- acute; fruit persisting in the axils of the tubercles apparently for a number
of years; seeds black.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1003
102. Neomammillaria barbata (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 144.
19238.
Mammillaria barbata Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 105. 1848.
Chihuahua, the type from Cosihuirachi.
Often densely cespitose, globose, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter; radial spines 20 or
more, acicular, spreading or ascending, white, sometimes with brown tips;
central spines several, subulate, brown, puberulent, 1 or 2 hooked; flowers 15
mm. long; outer perianth segments ovate to lanceolate, ciliate, the inner erect
or spreading at tip, light straw-colored or greenish, brown without, acute.
103. Neomammillaria mercadensis (Patoni) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
145. 1928.
Mammillaria mercadensis Patoni, Alianza Cient. Univ. 1: 54. 1910.
Mammillaria ocamponis Ochoterena, Méx. Estud. Biol. Bol. 2: 355. 1918.
Durango, the type from Cerro de Mercado.
Solitary or cespitose, small, globose; radial spines numerous, sometimes 25,
widely spreading, white; central spines 4 or 5, elongate, much longer than the
flowers, one of them strongly hooked at apex; flowers small, pale rose-colored;
perianth segments oblong, obtuse.
104. Neomammillaria kunzeana (Bédek. & Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae
4: 145. 1928.
Mammillaria kunzeana Bodek. & Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 177. 1912.
Mexico, the range not known.
Cespitose, globose or sometimes becoming cylindric, light green; tubercles
cylindric, setose in their axils; radial spines about 25, white, setaceous;
central spines 3 or 4, brown, puberulent, one of them hooked; flowers white or
yellowish white, rose-colored on the outside, 2 em. long; inner perianth seg-
ments acuminate.
105. Neomammillaria hirsuta (Bédeker) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 146.
1923.
Manmillaria hirsuta Boédeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 29: 130. 1919.
Mexico, the range not known.
Solitary, becoming cespitose, somewhat globose, 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles
10 mm. long. in 8 or 138 spiraled rows, cylindric, their axils setose; spine
areoles naked; radial spines about 20, white, 10 to 15 mm. long; central
spines 3 or 4, the lower one hooked; flowers 10 mm. long.
106. Neomammillaria multihamata (Bédeker) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
~ 146. 1923.
Mammillaria multihamata Bodeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 25: 76. 1915.
Mexico, the range not known.
Short-cylindric, about 5 cm. in diameter; tubercles cylindric, setose in their
axils; spine areoles white-lanate; radial spines 25, acicular, white, 8 mm.
long; central spines 7 to 9, several of them hooked; flowers numerous from
near the top of the plant, 1.5 em. long; inner perianth segments narrow, acute,
spreading; seeds blackish brown.
107. Neomammillaria longicoma Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 146. 1928.
San Luis Potosi.
Cespitose, often forming broad clumps; individual specimens 3 to 5 cm. in
diameter; tubercles conic, 4 to 5 mm. long, dark green, obtuse, bearing long
white hairs in their axils; radial spines 25 or more, weak and hairlike, more
or less interlocking; central spines 4, 10 to 12 mm. long, brown above, a little
1004 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
paler below, 1 or 2 hooked; flowers from the axils of the upper tubercles;
outer perianth segments pinkish, darker along the center, the inner lanceolate,
acute, nearly white, sometimes tinged with rose (?).
108. Neomammillaria bocasana (Poselg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 147.
1923.
Mammillaria bocasana Poselger, Allg. Gartenz. 21: 94. 1853.
Northern central. Mexico; type from Sierra de Bocas, San Luis Potosi.
Cespitose, often forming large mounds; individual plants globose, 3 to 4
em. in diameter, light green; tubercles slender, 6 to 8 mm. long, terete, their
axils sometimes hairy or bristly; radial spines represented by numerous long
white silky hairs; central spines solitary, 5 to 8 mm. long, brown but paler
at base, hooked, much shorter than the radial spines; flowers described as
white; perianth segments lance-linear, acute, spreading; fruit “‘ green, 4 mm.
long; seeds cinnamon brown.”
109. Neomammillaria multiformis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 148. 1923.
San Luis Potosi, the type from Alvarez.
Cespitose, forming dense clumps, sometimes 25 or more from a single root,
either globose or much elongate and 3 to 6 times as long as thick; tubercles
terete, 6 to 8 mm. long, their axils bearing long white bristles and white wool;
radial spines 30 or more, acicular, 8 mm. long, yellow or at least becoming so,
ascending; central spines 4, a little longer and stouter than the radials, nearly
erect, reddish in the upper part, one of them strongly hooked; flowers deep
purplish red, 8 to 10 mm. long, usually broader than long; inner perianth
segments oblong, acute; fruit never globose, at least when dry; seeds black.
110. Neomammillaria scheidweileriana (Otto) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
148. 1923.
Mammillaria scheidweileriana Otto; Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 179. 1841.
Mammillaria monancistria Berg; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 533. 1898.
Mexico, the range not known.
Cespitose, globose to cylindric, light green; tubercles setose in their axils, in
8 and 13 spirals, cylindric; spines all puberulent; radial spines 9 to 11, seta-
ceous, white, 1 em. long; central spines 1 to 4, brown, 1 or 2 hooked; flowers
rose-colored, 12 to 13 mm. long.
111. Neomammillaria saffordii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 149, 1925.
Type from Icamole, Nuevo Leon.
Plants small, globose to short-cylindric, 3 to 4 cm. high, dull green, nearly
hidden under the dense covering of spines; axils naked; spine areoles when
quite young slightly woolly but early glabrate, circular; spines all puberulent
under a lens when young; radial spines 12 to 14, somewhat ascending but in age
more or less curved outward, when just developing with bright red tips and
white bases, later the lower part becoming yellowish; central spines single,
stout, reddish, 1.5 em. long, hooked at apex; flowers 2.5 em. long, rose-colored ;
outer perianth segments tipped by long bristles, the inner obtuse.
112. Neomammillaria schelhasei (Pfeiff.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 149.
19238.
Mammillaria schelhasei Pfeiff. Allg. Gartenz. 6: 274. 1838.
Hidalgo, the type from Mineral del Monte.
Cespitose, forming a large hemispheric mound; individual plants globose to
short-cylindrie, olive-green; tubercles cylindric, their axils a little woolly but
not setose; radial spines 14 to 16, setaceous, white; central spines 3, brown,
one of them hooked at apex; flowers 2.2 to 2.5 em. long, salmon or rose-colored ;
fruit 5 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1005
113. Neomammillaria glochidiata (Mart.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 149.
1923.
Mammitlaria glochidiata Mart. Noy. Act. Nat. Cur. 16: 337. 1832.
?Mammillaria ancistroides Lehm. Del. Sem. Hort. Hamb. 1832.
Southern Mexico.
Densely cespitose, forming clusters sometimes 15 ecm. high; tubercles cylin-
dric, green, shining, 8 to 15 mm. long, well separated from one another to-
ward the tip, obtuse, terete; radial spines 12 to 15, widely spreading, puberu-
lent, white, setiform, 10 to 12 mm. long; central spines 4, brownish, one of
them hooked; flowers white; inner perianth segments lanceolate, acuminate;
fruit clavate, scarlet, 16 mm. long; seeds black.
114. Neomammillaria trichacantha (Schum.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
151. 1923.
Mammillaria trichacantha Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. Nachtr, 1338. 1903.
Mexico, the range not known.
Solitary, globose to short-cylindrie, small; tubercles clavate, 4 to 5 em. high,
slightly glaucous; radial spines 15 to 18, pubescent, acicular, white, 8 mm. long;
eentral spines 2, brownish, 12 mm. long, one of them hooked; flowers red or
yellow, 1.5 em. long; inner perianth segments lanceolate, widely spreading,
acuminate.
115. Neomammililaria painteri (Rose) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 151. 1923.
Mammillaria painteri Rose; Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 27: 22. 1917.
Mammillaria erythrosperma Boédeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 101. 1918.
Central Mexico, the type from San Juan del Rio, Querétaro.
Plant globose, 2 cm. in diameter, almost hidden by the spines; tubercles
without bristles in their axils; radial spines about 20, stiff, white, puberulent
under a hand lens; central spines 4 or 5, ascending, dark brown, one hooked,
puberulent ; flowers 15 mm. long. greenish white, the outer segments brownish;
inner perianth segments broad, with an ovate acute tip.
116. Neomammillaria mainae (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 154.
1923.
Mammillaria mainae K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 31. 1900.
Northern Sonora; type collected south of Nogales.
Globose or somewhat depressed, 5 to 8 cm. broad; tubercles pale green,
naked in their axils; spines all puberulent, at least when young; radial spines
about 10, widely spreading, yellowish or white except the brownish tips; cen-
tral spines usually stout, yellowish except the strongly hooked tip; flowers
from the upper part of the plant but in the old axils, about 2 em. long, the
outer segments with a brownish stripe, the inner ones with a reddish central
stripe, with broad, nearly white margins, acute; fruit red, globose to obovate,
not projecting beyond the tubercles; seeds dull black, 1 mm. long, punctate.
117. Neomammillaria boedekeriana (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 154.
1928.
Mammillaria boedekeriana Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 108. 1910.
Mexico, the range not known.
Globose to ovoid, but in collections becoming cylindric, dull green; tubercles
cylindric; radial spines about 20, white; central spines 3, brownish black, one
hooked; axils naked; flowers white, with brownish stripes.
79688—24—11
1006 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
118. Neomammillaria microcarpa (Engelm.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 155.
1928.
Mammillaria microcarpa Bngelm. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 157. 1848.
Mammillaria grahamii Engelm. Proce. Amer. Acad. 3: 262. 1856.
Chihuahua and Sonora. Texas.
Globose to cylindric, simple or branched either at base or near the middle,
often cespitose, sometimes 8 cm. high; tubercles small, corky when old; axils
of tubercles naked; radial spines 15 to 30, spreading, white, sometimes with
dark tips, slender, rigid, glabrous, 6 to 12 mm. long; central spines 1 to 3,
dark, when more than one the lower stouter, often 18 mm. long, hooked;
flowers from near the top of the plant, 2 to 2.5 em. long, broadly funnel-
shaped; outer perianth segments ovate, obtuse, short-ciliate, the inner purplish,
sometimes with whitish margins, obovate, acuminate; fruit clavate, 2 to 2.5
em. long, scarlet; seeds black, shining, pitted.
Cactus eschanzieri Coulter (Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 3: 104. 1894), described
from San Luis Potosi, is probably closely related to this species.
119. Neomammillaria sheldonii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 156. 1923.
Sonora, the type from Hevmosillo.
Stems slender-cylindric, about 8 cm. high; axils of tubercles without setae;
radial spines 12 to 15, pale with dark tips, the 3 or 4 upper ones darker, a
little stouter and 1 or 2 of them sabcentral, the true central erect or porrect
with an upturned hook at the end; outer perianth segments ciliate, the inner
about 10, broad, acute, light purple with very pale margins.
120. Neomammillaria armillata (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
157.1923.
Mammillaria armillata K. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 7. 1900.
Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
In clusters of 3 to 12, cylindric, sometimes 30 cm. high; tubercles bluish
green, somewhat angled; axils setose and slightly woolly; radial spines 9 to 15,
7 to 12 mm. long, yellowish; central spines 1 to 4 but usually 2, brownish, the
lowest one hooked and a little longer than the others; flowers 10 to 12 mm. long,
greenish to flesh-colored; fruit red, clavate, 15 to 30 mm. long; seeds black,
punctate.
121. Neomammillaria fraileana Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 157. 1923.
Islands of Baja California; type from Pichilinque Island.
Stems elongate, cylindric, 1 to 1.5 em. long; axils ci tubercles naked or
containing at most a single bristle; central spines dark brown, one of them
strongly hooked; flowers rather large, pinkish; inner perianth segments acumi-
nate, 2 to 2.5 em. long, often lacerate toward the tip.
122. Neomammillaria swinglei Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 158. 1923.
Sonora; type from Guaymas.
Stems cylindric, 10 to 20 em. long, 3 to 5 cm. in diameter; axils of tubercles
more or less setose; radial spines rather stout for this group, spreading, dull
white with dark tips; central spines 4, ascending, dark brown or black, the
lowest one elongate (1 to 1.5 em.), hooked at apex or sometimes straight; outer
perianth segments greenish or sometimes pinkish, the margins somewhat
scarious; inner perianth segments narrowly oblong, nearly white, with a brown
stripe down the center; fruit red, clavate, 18 mm. long; seeds 1 mm. in diam-
_ eter, black.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1007
123. Neomammillaria dioica (K. Brandeg.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 158.
1928.
Mammillaria dioica K. Brandeg. Drythea 5: 115. 1897.
Mammillaria fordii Orcutt, West Amer. Sci. 13: 49. 1902.
Northwestern Baja California. Southern California.
Hither solitary or clustered, cylindric, 5 to 25 em. high or even higher;
axils of tubercles woolly and short-setose; radial spines 11 to 22, white, the
tips often brownish to black or rose-colored throughout, 5 to 7 mm. long,
spreading; central spines 3 or 4, brownish, the lower one a little longer than
the others and hooked; fiowers borne toward the top of the plant, yellowish
white with purplish midrib, 19 to 22 mm. long, incompletely dioecious; outer
perianth segments reddish, especially along the midrib; the inner oblong, pale
eream-colored, notched or toothed near the apex; fruit scarlet, clavate, 10 to
25 mm. long; seeds black.
124. Neomammillaria goodridgei (Scheer) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 158,
1928.
Mammillaria goodridgei Scheer; Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck. 1849. 91. 1850.
Cedros Island and the adjacent mainland of Baja California; type from
Cedros Island.
_ Stems clustered, erect, globose to cylindric, up to 10 cm. long, 3 to 4 cm.
in diameter; axils of tubercles not setose; radial spines 12 to 15, spreading,
white, sometimes with dark tips; central spine usually 1, white below, brown
above, the lower one hooked; flowers perfect, rose-colored, 15 mm. long; seg-
ments oblong, obtuse or retuse; fruit clavate, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, scarlet, naked ;
seeds black, punctate. ‘“ Llavina.”
125. Neomammillaria zephyranthoides (Scheidw.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae
4: 159. 1923. i
Mammillaria zephyranthoides Scheidw. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 41. 1841.
Mammillaria fennelii Hopffer, Allg. Gartenz. 11: 3. 18483.
Oaxaca.
Depressed-globose to short-cylindric, up to 85 mm. high, 25 mm. in diameter ;
tubercles 6 mm. long; radial spines 14 to 18, 8 to 10 mm. long, very slender,
white; central spine 1 (sometimes 2), larger than the radials and hooked, at
first purple but in age yellowish at base; flowers large, with rotate limb and
exserted stamens and style; perianth segments white with red stripes.
126. Neomammillaria carretii (Rebut) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 160. 1923.
Mammillaria carretii Rebut; Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 542. 1898.
Mexico, the range not known.
Solitary, dull green, globose, depressed, 5 to 6 cm. in diameter; tubercles
eylindric; axils of tubercles naked; radial spines 14, subulate, spreading, re-
curved, nearly clothing the plant, long, yellowish; central spine 1, slender,
chestnut-brown, hooked; flowers 2.5 em. long; inner perianth segments white,
streaked with rose.
127. Neomammillaria jaliscana Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 160. 1923.
Type from Rio Blanco near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Cespitose, globose, 5 cm. in diameter, bright green; tubercles in 18 rows,
4 or 5 mm. high; radial spines 30 or more, at right angles to the tubercles;
central spines 4 to 6, reddish brown, darker toward the tips, one of them
strongly hooked; axils naked; flowers purplish, 1 cm. broad.
1008 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
128. Neomammillaria bombycina (Quehl) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 161.
1923.
Mammillaria bombycina Quehl, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 149. 1910.
Mexico, the range not known.
Cylindric, 15 to 20 cm. long, 5 to 6 ecm. in diameter; tubercles spiraled,
obtuse; young areoles conspicuously white-woolly; radial spines numerous,
acicular, widely spreading, 1 cm. long or less; central spines 4, elongate, a
little spreading, those toward the top of plant erect, 2 cm. long, brown
except at base, the lower one hooked; flowers from near the top, light purple,
about 1 cm. long; perianth segments narrowly oblong.
129. Neomammillaria occidentalis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 161. 1923.
Type from Manzanillo, Colima.
Cespitose, the branches slender, cylindric, 10 cm. h‘gh, densely spiny; radial
spinegy about 12, yellowish, spreading; central spines 4 or 5, reddish or brown,
one of them longer and hooked; flowers 1 cm. long, pink; fruit said to be red.
1380. Neomammillaria nelsonii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 163. 1923.
Type from cliffs at La Solada, Michoacin.
Globose, 5 cm. in diameter; tubercles numerous, terete, apparently not
milky, 5 to 7 mm. long, their axils naked; radial spines about 15, acicular,
white, 6 to 8 mm. long, spreading; central spines several, all like the radials
but one of them elongate, stouter, and longer than the others, brown to
black, strongly hooked, 12 to 15 mm. long; fruit very slender, clavate, 3 cm.
long or more, red, few-seeded ; seeds globose, black, rugose, 2 mm. in diameter.
131. Neomammillaria longiflora Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 163. 1923.
Durango; type from Santiago Papasquiaro.
Solitary or clustered, 3 cm. in diameter, apparently not at all milky; tu-
bercles terete, not grooved on upper side, 5 to 7 mm. long, rather closely set
and nearly hidden by the spines; radial spines about 30, acicular, 10 to 13
mm. long, yellow or straw-colored, somewhat spreading; central spines 4, red-
dish brown, much stouter than the radials, 3 of them straight, about the length
of the radials, 1 of them hooked at apex, twice as long as the others; flowers
several, even on small plants, borne near the top, 2 em. long or more, with a
distinct narrow tube; perianth segments pinkish, oblong, acute; ovary very
small, ovoid, more or less sunken in the axils, thin above and perhaps dehiscing
by an operculum, the lower part with the seeds persisting for years; seeds
nearly globose, minutely pitted, 1 to 1.5 mm. in diameter, black.
132. Neomammillaria tacubayensis (Fedde) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 164.
1923.
Mammillaria tacubayensis Fedde, Nov. Gen. Sp. Ind. 1905. 443. 1905.
Type from Tacubaya, Distrito Federal.
Globose, 3 to 5 cm. in diameter; radial spines 35 to 40, white, 3 to 5 mm.
long; central spine 1, black, 5 to 6 mm. long, hooked; flowers 1.5 cm. long.
133. Neomammillaria umbrina (Ehrenb.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 164.
19238.
Mammillaria umbrina Ehrenb. Allg. Gartenz. 17: 287. 1849.
Hidalgo.
Simple or becoming cespitose, cylindric, 10 to 12.5 cm. high, dull green;
tubercles conic; axils of tubercles naked; radial spines 22 to 25, spreading,
white, 4 to 6 mm. long; central spines 4, 3 being 8 to 10 mm. long, one being
20 to 24 mm. long, hooked; flowers 2 em. long; inner perianth segments about
15, narrowly lanceolate, acute, purple.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1009
134, Neomammillaria verhaertiana (Bédeker) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4:
164. 19238.
Mammillaria verhaertiana Bédeker, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 152. 1912.
Mexico.
Solitary, short-cylindric ; tubercles subconic, their axils setose; radial spines
20 or more, yellowish, setaceous, 1 cm. long, glabrous; central spines 4 to 8,
stouter than the radials, brown at tip, one of them hooked at apex; flowers
white, 2 cm. long, appearing in a circle below the top of the plant; outer peri-
anth segments broadly lanceolate, yellowish white.
Besides the species formally listed here, there remain numerous others pub-
lished under the generic name Mammillaria, but they have been so poorly de-
scribed that their identity is likely to remain unsolved.
51. EPIPHYLLUM Haw. Syn. Pl. Suce. 197. 1812.
Plants mostly epiphytic, the main stem often terete and woody; branches
usually much flattened, often thin and leaflike, sometimes 3-winged; areoles
small, borne along the margins of the flattened branches; spines usually want-
ing in mature plants but often represented in seedlings and juvenile forms by
slender bristles; flowers usually large, in some species nocturnal, in others
diurnal, either odorless or very fragrant; flower tube longer than the limb, in
- some species greatly elongate; filaments usually long, borne at the top of the
tube or scattered over the surface of the throat; style elongate, white or col-
ored; stigma lobes several, linear; fruit globular or short-oblong to narrowly
oblong, often with low ridges, sometimes tubercled, red or purple, edible or
insipid, when mature splitting down one side and exposing the white or crimson
pulpy interior; seeds black, shining.
Several species besides those listed here occur in tropical America.
Ultimate joints acuminate,
HAOWET Sich Oren Ckiies Leper Leer) kts yA See Sati a 1. E. oxypetalum.
Hlowers 20) to 15: cm Mm lone ss See eh SRA ahe, Sees 2. E. caudatum.
Ultimate joints acute, obtuse, or rounded.
Joints deeply lobed.
Lobes of joints spreading; outer perianth segments lemon-yellow.
3. E. darrahii.
Lobes of joints pointing forward; outer perianth segments reddish yellow.
4, E. anguliger.
Joints crenate or nearly entire.
VOMtESeVery? Shifis Sa SeVs 2h BF Ne ieiblent, = eee ees Re 5. E. strictum.
Joints) diexiblete sate) eye liege st Awe Oh Sg EB ea 6. E. stenopetalum.
1. Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw. Phil. Mag. 6: 109. 1829.
Cereus oxypetalus DC. Prodr. 3: 470. 1828.
Cereus latifrons Pfeiff. Enum. Cact. 125. 1837.
Phyllocactus oxrypetalus Link; Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 341. 1848.
Phyllocactus latifrons Link; Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 341. 1848.
Phyllocactus purpusii Weing. Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 34. 1907.
Mexico, often cultivated. Central America to Brazil.
Plants stout, 3 meters long or more, much branched; branches flat and
thin, 10 to 12 cm. broad, long-acuminate, deeply crenate; flowers opening in
the evening, drooping and limp after anthesis, fragrant; tube of flower 13
to 15 cm. long, rather stout, red, about 1 cm. thick, bearing distant nar-
1010 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
row scales about 10 mm. long; outer perianth segments narrow, reddish to
amber, 8 to 10 cm. long, the inner oblong, white; stamens numerous, white;
style white, thick, 20 cm. long; stigma lobes numerous, cream-colored, entire.
“ Reina de la noche,” “ junco oloroso;’” “flor de baile” (Venezuela) ; “ galan
de noche” (El Salvador).
2. Epiphyllum caudatum (Vaupel) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16:
256. 1913.
Phyllocactus caudatus Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 116. 1913.
Oaxaca, the type from Comaltepec.
Old stems terete and slender; lateral branches elongate-lanceolate, cuneately
narrowed at base into a terete stalk, long-acuminte, 15 to 20 em. long, 3 to 4
cm. wide, the margins low-crenate; flowers white, the tube slender, about
7 cm. long; inner perianth segments about 6 cm. long; ovary and most
of the flower tube quite naked.
3. Epiphyllum darrahii (Schum.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
16: 256. 1913.
Phyllocactus darrahii Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. Nachtr. 69. 1903.
Much cultivated in Mexico; probably also wild.
Stems much branched, often terete and woody below; joints rather thick, 20
to 30 cm. long, 3 to 5 em. wide, deeply lobed, sometimes nearly to the mid-
rib, the lobes usually obtuse; tube of flower 9 cm. long, somewhat curved,
greenish; scales on tube and ovary small, linear, green, appressed; outer
perianth segments 10, linear, spreading or reflexed, acute, 4 em. long, lemon-
yellow; inner perianth segments pure white, nearly as long as the outer,
broader and more erect, short-acuminate; filaments white, nearly as long as
the perianth segments; style overtopping the stamens, pure white; stigma lobes
8, linear.
4. Epiphyllum anguliger (Lem.) Don; Loud. Encycl. Pl. ed. 3. 1880. 1855.
Phyllocactus anguliger Lem. Jard. Fleur. 1: pl. 92. 1851.
Phyllocactus serratus Brongn.; Labour. Monogr. Cact. 417. 1853.
Central and southern Mexico, the type from Matanejo.
Much branched; stems and lower branches terete; upper branches flattened,
with deeply toothed margins, rather fleshy; areoles small, usually felted and
sometimes bearing 1 or 2 white bristles; flower tube stout, without scales,
about 8 em. long; outer perianth segments brownish yellow, the inner white,
oblong, acuminate, about 5 cm. long; style slender, white. ‘“ Pitayita del cerro,”
“jarana de pitahayita,” “nopalillo,” ‘ nopalillo blanco.”
5. Epiphyllum strictum (Lem.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16:
259. 1918.
Phyllocactus strictus Lem. Illustr. Hort. Lem. 1: Mise. 107. 1854.
Southern Mexico. Central America.
Plant up to 2 meters long; joints linear, green, 5 to 8 cm. broad, coarsely
serrate, stiff; tube of flower 13 to 15 cm. long, slender, green, bearing a few ~
distant scales 8 to 12 mm. long; outer perianth segments greenish pink, the
inner white, narrow, acuminate, 6 to 8 cm. long; filaments white; style pink
or red; stigma lobes yellow; fruit globose, 4 to 5 cm. in diameter; seeds black.
6. Epiphyllum stenopetalum (Forst.) Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb.
16: 259. 1913.
Phyllocactus stenopetalus Forst. Handb. Cact. 441. 1846.
Oaxaca.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1011
Described as with the habit of Hpiphyllum latifrons but with different
flowers, these delicately fragrant; flower tube 12 to 15 em. long, bearing
small spreading rose-colored scales; outer perianth segments rose-colored to
reddish green, the inner white, elongate, linear (7 to 8 ecm: long, 4 to 7 mm.
broad), spreading or recurved; stamens somewhat exserted; style slender,
pink or purplish; stigma lobes 12 to 14, yellow.
HYBRID SPECIES.
HPIPHYLLUM ACKERMANNI Haw. Phil. Mag. 6: 109. 1829.
Phyllocactus ackermannii Lindl. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1331. 1830.
Mexico.
Branches weak, flat and thin, with crenate margins; areoles felted, often
bristly or with weak spines, especially on the young growth; flowers day-bloom-
ing, very large, sometimes 15 to 20 em. broad, crimson; inner perianth seg-
ments oblong, acute; filaments long, weak, declined; style more or less de-
clined, pinkish; stigma lobes white; ovary more or less bristly.
This species is commonly grown in hothouses. It is believed to be of hybrid
origin.
52. CHIAPASIA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 203. 1925.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Chiapasia nelsonii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 203. 1923.
Epiphyllum nelsonii Britt. & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 257. 1913.
Phyllocactus nelsonii Vaupel, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 116. 1913.
Phyllocactus chiapensis Purpus, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 118. 1918.
Chiapas, the type from Chicharras.
Branches 60 to 120 cm. long, slender and terete below, flat and thin above,
to 4 em. broad, the margin low, crenate; flowers light rose-red, the tube
to 3 em. long, the segments about 6 ecm. long, narrow, acute.
to 09
53. NOPALXOCHIA Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 204. 1923.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Nopalxochia phyllanthoides (DC.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 205. 1923.
Cactus phyllanthoides DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 84. 1813.
Cactus speciosus Bonpl. Descr. Pl. Rar. 8. 1813. Not C. speciosus Cay. 1803.
Cactus elegans Link, Enum. Pl. 2: 25. 1822.
Hpiphylium phyllanthoides Sweet, Hort. Brit. 172. 1826.
Phyllocactus phyllanthoides Link, Handb. Gewiichs. 2: 11. 1831.
Supposed to be a native of Mexico or Colombia, but known only from
cultivated plants; commonly cultivated in Mexico.
Stems somewhat woody, branching, the branches terete at base, flattened and
thin above, sometimes 5 cm. broad, green; margin of branches coarsely crenate ;
flowers diurnal, rose or red, the tube 2 em. long; inner perianth segments
oblong, more or less spreading; filaments and style elongate, slender; stigma
lobes 5 to 7. ‘‘ Nopalillo,” ‘‘ Marta.”
54. RHIPSALIS Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 1: 187. 1788.
Plants sometimes growing in humus but usually epiphytic and hanging from
trees, sometimes erect, sometimes clambering over rocks, more or less rooting
or, when hanging, irregularly producing aerial roots; stems usually much
branched (often heteromorphic), terete, angled, or much flattened and leaflike,
very slender and threadlike or stout and stiff; leaves wanting or represented
1012 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
by minute bracts; areoles borne along the margin of the flat-branched forms,
along the ribs or scattered irregularly in the other forms, usually small,
bearing hairs, wool, bristles and flowers; flowers usually solitary, small;
perianth segments distinct, few, sometimes only 5, usually spreading, sometimes
refiexed; filaments few or numerous, erect, slender, borne on the outer margin
of the disk in one or two rows; stigma lobes 3 or more, usually slender,
spreading; ovary small, sometimes depressed or sunken in the branch; fruit
globular or oblong, sometimes angled when immature, but finally turgid, juicy,
white or colored, usually naked.
Numerous other species occur in tropical America, mostly in South America.
ueiNS TeTele. 25 SP ne ee ee 1. R. cassutha.
Shem Hatteneds toys = Sei eras ate haan Ole Bh ee ee 2. R. purpusii.
1. Rhipsalis cassutha Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 1: 137. 1788.
Eastern Mexico. West Indies and South America.
Epiphytie or saxicolous, usually growing on trunk or branches of large
trees, hanging in large clusters, 1 to 4 meters long, the branches weak and
pendent, when young bearing 5 to 9 white bristles at. the areoles, when old
naked, terete, sometimes producing aerial roots, often only 3 mm. in diameter,
light green, usually growing from the tips of other branches, generally in
pairs but sometimes in clusters of 6 or 8; flowers lateral, solitary, small
greenish in bud, sometimes subtended by a single bristle; petals 2 mm. long,
cream-colored; ovary exserted; fruit naked, white, maturing a few days after
~
flowering, globose, 5 mm. in diameter.
2. Rhipsalis purpusii Weingart, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 78. 1918.
Chiapas; type from Cerro de Boqueron.
Plant epiphytic; stems 8 mm. in diameter, woody, terete, brown; branches
weak, elongate, terete below, flattened above, thin, remotely crenate; flowers
small, white, solitary.
117. THYMELAEACEAE. Mezereum Family.
1. DAPHNOPSIS Mart. & Zuce. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 65. 1824.
REFERENCE: Meisner in DC. Prodr. 15: 520-524. 1856. *
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire, coriaceous, estipulate; flowers
by abortion dioecious, umbellate or subracemose, axillary or terminal; peri-
anth of staminate flower with a slender tube and 4 spreading lobes; stamens
8, 4 inserted on the perianth lobes and 4 in the throat, the anthers sessile ;
perianth of pistillate flower smaller, turbinate or urceolate; style short, the
stigma capitate; fruit subglobose, 1-seeded, drupaceous, with thin pericarp.
Leaves variously pubescent beneath.
Leaves densely tomentose beneath with matted hairs________ 1. D. purpusii.
Leaves covered beneath with straight stiff hairs______________ 2. D. mollis.
Leaves glabrous beneath, except sometimes when very young.
Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, broadest at or below the middle____3. D. lindenii.
Leaves obovate to linear-oblanceolate, broadest above the middle.
Peduncles elongate, much longer than the flowers______ 4, D. bonplandii.
Peduncles short, usually shorter than the combined flower and pedicel.
Leaves linear-oblanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, 8 to 14 mm. wide.
5. D. salicifolia.
Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, 3.5 to 7 em. long, 10 to 20 mm. wide.
6. D. cestrifolia.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1013
1. Daphnopsis purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 89. 1910.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Paxtle, Puebla.
Shrub; leaves obovate or elliptic-oblong, 2 to 4 em. long, 10 to 13 mm.
wide, obtuse or subacute, coriaceous; peduncles 3 to 8 mm. long; perianth
tube 8 mm. long, tomentulose, the lobes 2 mm. long; fruit 6 mm. long.
2. Daphnopsis mollis (Meisn.) Standl.
Daphnopsis bonplandit mollis Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 521. 1856.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz; type from Papantla, Veracruz.
Shrub, 0.6 to 1 meter high; leaves oval or elliptic, 5 to 9 cm. long, 2.5
to 3.5 cm. wide, acute or obtuse at base and apex, glabrous on the upper
surface; peduncles longer than the flowers; perianth tube 6 mm. long, the
lobes 3 mm. long; fruit globose, glabrous, nearly 1 cm. in diameter.
8. Daphnopsis lindenii Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 522. 1856.
Type from Mirador, Veracruz, at 300 meters. Guatemala.
Leaves short-petiolate, obtuse or acute, reticulate-veined; peduncles slender,
12 to 16 mm. long, 6 to 10-flowered, the pedicels 4 to 5 mm. long; pistillate
ealyx 3 to 4 mm. long, tubular; ovary glabrous.
4, Daphnopsis bonplandiana (Kunth) Standl.
Daphne bonplandiana Wunth, Syn. Pl. Aequin, 1: 447. 1822.
Hargasseria mexicana C. A. Meyer, Bull. Acad. St. Pétersb. Phys. Math. 1:
358. 1843.
Hargasseria schiedeana Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. 4’: 66. 1847.
Daphnopsis bonplandii Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 521. 1856.
Veracruz.
Tree; leaves oblong-obovate or oblanceolate, 7 to 13 cm. long, 2.5 to 3.5
em. wide, obtuse or acute, coriaceous, attenuate at base; peduncles 1.5 to 3
em. long, 8 to 16-flowered, the pedicels very short; staminate perianth 6
mm. long, densely sericeous.
5. Dapnopsis salicifolia (H. B. K.) Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 522. 1856.
Daphne salicifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 150. 1817.
Daphne mazxicana Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 236. 1825.
Morelos, the type from Cuernavaca; reported from Veracruz.
Shrub or tree, 1.5 to 6 meters high, ill-scented; leaves obtuse or acute,
attenuate at base, nearly sessile, coriaceous, yellowish green when dry;
umbels 8 to 20-flowered, the pedicels very short; staminate perianth 4 mm.
long; fruit ovoid, 12 mm. long. “Hoja de San Pedro.”
Reported by Sessé and Mocifio1 as Daphne laureola. They state that the
bark and leaves are acrid, drastic, and corrosive. It is reported that the
leaves are employed for blistering, like a mustard plaster.
6. Daphnopsis cestrifolia (H. B. K.) Meisn. in DC. Prodr. 14: 523. 1856.
Daphne cestrifolia H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 150. 1817.
Veracruz and Puebla. Type from Colombia.
Shrub, 1 to 8 meters high; leaves usually thin, obtuse or acute, attenuate
at base, short-petiolate; peduncles 6 to 10-flowered, the pedicels very short;
perianth 5 mm. long, sericeous; fruit ovoid-globose, red.
This, like D. bonplandiana, is closely related to D. salicifolia. With the
secant material available, it is impossible to determine how many of the species
listed here are really valid.
1 Pl. Nov. Hisp. 59. 1887.
79688—24——12
1014 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
118. LYTHRACEAE. Loosestrife Family.
REFERENCE: Koehne in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 216. 1903.
Trees, shrubs, or herbs; leaves opposite, whorled, or alternate, entire; sti-
pules minute or none; flowers perfect, 4 to 16-parted, the pedicels usually bi-
bracteolate; calyx tubular to campanulate, the lobes valvate, petals inserted in
the throat of the calyx between the lobes; stamens inserted on the calyx tube;
style simple or none, the stigma capitate; fruit capsular, dry.
heaves black-dotted:. 22s = 2 wwe ee es ee 1. ADENARTA.
Leaves never black-dotted.
Calyx tubular, slighty curved or else spurred or gibbous at base.
2. PARSONSIA.
Calyx not tubular or, if so, neither curved nor gibbous at base.
Flowers) 12 ‘to. 16-parfed; calyx Sem: lone.= se 3. LAFOENSIA.
Flowers 4 to 7-parted; calyx much less than 3 cm. long.
COE in BF 61) 00 9 Maman satan, genera ye hares ys ne eee _4 LYTHRUM.
Calyx campanulate or broadly turbinate.
SS CARING IDS os ee a re ae ce ae ee 5. LAWSONTIA.
Stamens 10 to 42.
Petals yellow.; *stamens! 10) to) 1822 22s, Sones 6. HEIMTA.
Petals not yellow; stamens 28 to 42.
Petals on long slender claws, the blade cordate at base.
7. LAGERSTROEMIA.
Petals cuneate at base, not clawed__-----------___ 8. GINORIA.
1. ADENARIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 185. 1823.
The following is the only species.
1. Adenaria floribunda H. B. K. Novy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 188. pl. 549. 1823.
Oaxaca. Central and South America.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high, covered everywhere with dotlike
black glands; leaves opposite, nearly sessile, elliptic-lanceolate, 3 to 10 em.
long, acute or acuminate, puberulent beneath; flowers yellow, in short dense
axillary cymes, 4 or 5-parted; calyx broadly turbinate, 3 to 4 mm. long, not
appendaged; petals slightly exserted; stamens 7 to 12. ‘“ Chaparral”
(Colombia) ; “ guayabito” (Venezuela).
The sapwood is said to be light cream-colored or nearly white, the heartwcod
light yellow, turning darker or reddish on exposure, moderately soft and
light, very fine-grained, and taking a good polish.
2. PARSONSIA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 234. 1768.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite or ternate; flowers 6-parted, racemose or
lateral, the pedicels axillary or interpetiolar; calyx tubular, often spurred at
base; petals 6, 2, or none; stamens 11 or 9; ovary with a dorsal or cupuliform
disk at base; fruit capsular, 1-celled, dehiscent along one side; seeds few or
numerous.
Numerous herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Many of those listed below
do not merit classification as shrubs, but others are truly woody. Some of the
Brazilian species are reported to have sudorific, antisyphilitic, and diaphoretic
properties. P. petiolata (L.) Rusby, of the United States, is said to resemble
digitalis in its physiological action.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1015
Bractlets none. Calyx 4 to 14 mm. long.
Two dorsal petals larger than the others________________ 1. P. racemosa.
Two dorsal petals smaller than the others.
The 9 ventral stamens alternately unequal, 5 of them often subexserted.
Disk cuplike, investing the base of the ovary.__________ 2. P. gaumeri.
Disk large and investing part of the ovary base, interrupted dorsally.
3. ee eLuiata.
The 9 ventral stamens not alternately unequal, included.
VOUS SPACE G0 Yh 0 eee a ag aE Nee Uk eS SE 4. P. utriculosa.
WD TS KC ORGH eins mim awee capers et ost Dima en ee ae 5. P. salicifolia,
Bractlets present on the pedicel, sometimes very small.
Calyx 3 to 11 mm. long; ovules 2 to 382.
EM OWES OT OST eee tere rs me cst hae era Bees RE Ue ETRE 6. P. epilobiifolia.
Flowers alternate.
Stamens in anthesis nearly or quite as leng as the calyx.
7. P. hyssopifolia.
Stamens much shorter than the calyx______________ 8. P. calophylla.
Calyx 12 to 40 mm. long or, if smaller, bialate within dorsaliy or the
dorsal lobe produced; ovules sometimes as many as 50.
Calyx evidently bialate within, 10 to 24 mm. long, the spur usually sub-
ascending, rarely incurved.
Two interior wings of the calyx retrorse-hairy; petals 2.
Petals about 10 mm. long, dark purple; spur of calyx incurved.
9. P. nitidula.
Petals 2 to 3.5 mm. long, violet-black; spur straight or subascend-
aT ree ARE Le a ee. ere et ea ee Pee 10. P. cyanea.
Two interior wings of calyx glabrous; petals usually 6, rarely 2.
Pedicels axillary; petioles up to 17 mm. long_____ 11. P. nudicostata.
Pedicels interpetiolar ; petioles less than 12 mm. long.
Leaves 10 to 12 mm. long, glabrous on the upper surface.
: 12. P. empetrifolia.
Leaves mostly more than 2 em. long, usually scabrous or pubescent
on the upper surface.
Ventral petals about half as long as the 2 dorsal ones.
13. P. pinetorum.
Ventral petals 3 mm. long or less, or absent, much less than half
as long as the dorsal petals.
Flowers not in distinct racemes, the pedicels interpetiolar.
. 14. P. chiapensis.
Flowers in distinct racemes.
Branches glandular-hirsute; petioles 1 to 2 mm. long.
15. P. ixodes.
Branches retrorse-scabreus or puberulent, glandular-hirtellous
only in the inflorescence; petioles usually 8 to 12 mm.
LOH Sine nn et a ty pn 16. P. hookeriana.
Calyx not bialate within, sometimes slightly bicostate.
Dorsal lobe of the calyx large, produced ; calyx usually violet or purplish,
never scarlet. Petals usually 6. rt
Seales absent below the petals.
IC bell Sie re is ts ee ee ee Be iiaee. llaweas
Petals 6.
Calyxesp tows mm lonesE= see seoesss = 18. P. blepharophylla.
Calyx 15 to 20 mm. long.
Calyx hirsute with eglandular hairs_________ 19. P. bilimekii.
Calyx minutely glandular-hirtellous_________ 20. P. goldmanii.
1016 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Seale present below each dorsal petal.
Four ventral petals very obtuse at base and apex; longer stamens
equaline theyealy slopes. 2. aa Le eee 21. P. arnottiana.
Four ventral petals cuneate at base, acute or obtuse at apex; longer
stamens slightly exceeding the calyx lobes.
Leaves rounded or subcordate at base; pedicels mostly 2 to 4
ANIM, LOGE: = 2 Le ee ae ee a 22. P. lobophora.
Leaves acute or obtuse at base; pedicels mostly 5 to 10 mm.
a oe a a ee ch ae 23. P. squamuligera.
Dorsal lobe of the calyx not produced or, if so, the calyx scarlet.
Calyx slender or very slender, the dorsal lobe usually broad but
shorter than the others, the mouth of the calyx oblique.
Petals’) subequal== ae" sa ee 24, P. aequipetala.
Petals 2, or 6 but very unequal.
Stamens 9; ovules 12 to 23; spur of calyx strongly incurved.
25. P. bustamanta.
Stamens 11; ovules 3 to 11; spur obsolete or, if evident, never
incurved. :
Flowers solitary. not racemose________ 26. P. appendiculata.
Flowers in evident terminal racemes.
Calyacsspurnred Salnbase= = ose. cs ee eo 27. P. roseana.
Calyx not spurred, merely gibbous at base.
Calyx glabrous within at base.
, Leaves setose-hirsute on the upper surface.
28. P. megalophylla.
Leaves merely scaberulous on the upper surface.
29. P. cristata.
Calyx hairy within at base.
Appendages of calyx shorter than the lobes; calyx
NIFLOMOUS: = == 2 oe oe ee 80. P. graciliflora,
Appendages longer than the lobes; calyx minutely
Stliglllose 22 a = eee 81. P. boissieriana.
Calyx thick and stout, convex dorsally, the lobes usually very short
or none:
Ovules 48 to 100.
Petals: included... ee ee 32. P. micropetala.
Petals, at least the 2 dorsal ones, exserted, nearly half as long as
{HOY eGY7 k(p e a POE s ee S 33. P. heteropetala.
Ovules 4 to 26.
Appendages of the calyx longer than the lobes, bulbous-ciliate at
base. S
Ovules 8; stems not hirsute_________.-___ 84. P. schumannii.
Ovules’4; stems +hirsutes22- = 23 835. P. bracteolosa.
Appendages obsolete or shorter than the lobes or, if longer, never
bulbous-ciliate.
Calyx. Johes.ectliate: 2222: s ee ee 36. P. baillonis.
Calyx lobes ciliate.
Petals evident, 2 mm. long or much longer.
Petals, at least the 4 ventral ones, very small.
Petals very unequal, the 2 dorsal ones about half as
long as the calyx, the 4 ventral ones half as long and
much) Narrowers == ee 87. P. heterophylla.
Petals subequal, about 2 mm. long____38. P. jorullensis.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1017
Petals all large and of equal length, the ventral ones nar-
rower than the dorsal.
Dorsal petals rounded-obovate; ovules about 15; leaves
Py ODD OSIt@ =a a2 ae ee ee 39. P. intermedia
Dorsal petals narrowly obovate; ovules 5; leaves ternate
Oise SCA UECL CU eae a een oe ee 40. P. retroscabra.
Petals none or minute and subulate.
Spur of the calyx very short, not compressed at base.
41. P. watsoniana.
Spur orbicular, compressed at base.
Inflorescence distinctly racemose, the flowers fasciculate.
Axis of the inflorescence pubescent and often sparsely
hispidulous; petals 6_---_---~- 42. P. subuligera.
Axis of the inflorescence densely glandular-hirtellous ;
petalsrinone: She ee Ge et el 43. P. caeciliae.
Inflorescence leafy, the flowers solitary in the axils.
Plant slabrous’: 22s eae) 102 Ge Sree 44, P. ignea.
Plant hirtellous or hispidulous____45. P. liebmannii.
1. Parsonsia racemosa (L. f.) Standl.
Lythrum racemosum L. f. Suppl. Pl. 250. 1781.
Cuphea spicata Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 56. pl. 381. 1797.
Cuphea racemosa Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 455. 1825.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies and South America.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, viscid, hirsute; leaves ovate or ovate-
elliptic, 2 to 5 cm. long, acute or obtuse; flowers in naked racemes, the pedi-
cels 3 to 6 mm. long; calyx 5.5 to 10 mm. long, short-hirtellous; petals pink,
about half as long as the calyx. “‘ Hierba del fraile”’ (Colombia).
@. Parsonsia gaumeri (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea gaumeri Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 154. 1900.
Yucatan; type from Buena Vista Xbac.
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, glandular-pubescent; leaves subsessile,
oblong to elliptic, 1 to 2 cm. long, obtuse or acute, obscurely ciliolate; flowers
chiefly axillary, the pedicels 3 to 5 mm. long; calyx 6.5 mm. long, hirtellous on
the nerves.
Reported by Millspaugh’ as Cuphea trinitatis DC.
8. Parsonsia ciliata (Swartz) Standl.
Lythrum ciliatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 76. 1788.
Cuphea decandra Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 3: 151. 1811.
Cuphea ciliata Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 1: 454. 1881.
Cuphea purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 878. 1913.
Veracruz. Cuba, Haiti, and Colombia.
Slender shrub, much branched; petioles 1 to 3 mm. long; leaves oblong,
ybovate, or ovate, 1.5 to 5 cm. long, cuneate or attenuate at base, acute or
obtuse at apex, glandular-ciliate; flowers racemose, the pedicels 2 to 5 mm.
long; calyx green, 7 to 11 mm. long, glandular-hirtellous; petals purple, the
ventral ones 4 to 5.5 mm. long.
4. Parsonsia utriculosa (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea utriculosa Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 132: 452. 1877.
Tepic to Chiapas and Tabasco. Central America.
Slender shrub, the stems glandular-hirtellous or glabrate; leaves sessile
or subsessile, 1 to 3.5 em. long, oblong-lanceolate to linear, glabrous but often
*Field Mus. Bot. 1: 311. 1896.
1018 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
ciliate; racemes leafy, the pedicels 5 to 12 mm. long; calyx 4 to 7 mm. long,
green, glabrous; petals pink or purple, the ventral ones 3 to 4 mm. long.
Specimens from Tepic are noteworthy because of their broad leaves, and may
represent a distinct species.
5. Parsonsia salicifolia (Schlecht. & Cham.) Standl.
Cuphea salicifolia Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 569. 1830.
In wet soil, Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected near Misantla and Papantla,
Veracruz.
Slender shrub, 1 meter high or less, glabrous; leaves oblanceolate or linear-
oblanceolate, 3 to 12 cm. long, obtuse, attenuate at base; flowers in slender
racemes, the pedicels 5 to 11 mm. long; calyx green, 6 to 9 mm. long; petals
purple, the ventral ones 4 to 5 mm. long. “ Xoniguilli.”
6. Parsonsia epilobiifolia (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea epilobiifolia Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 13°: 223. 1877.
Oaxaca. Costa Rica and Venezuela.
Shrub, 1.8 meters high or less, the branches canescent-puberulent ; leaves
subsessile, narrowly lanceolate, 4.55 to 9 ecm. long, attenuate to each end,
strigillose or glabrate beneath, pale; racemes long and slender, the pedicels
2 to 5 mm. long; calyx green, 6 to 9 mm. long, canescent-hirtellous; petals
purple.
7. Parsonsia hyssopifolia (H. B. K.) Standl.
Cuphea hyssopifolia H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 199. 1823.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas; type from
Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Slender shrub, 30 to 60 em. high, often much branched, the branches ap-
pressed-hispidulous, densely leafy; leaves subsessile, linear to lanceolate or
oblong, 1 to 3 em. long, glabrous or nearly so; flowers axillary, the pedicels
8 to 7 mm. long; calyx green, 5.5 to 8 mm. long, glabrous or aculeolate-hispi-
dulous; petals purple, pink, er white.
8. Parsonsia calophylla (Cham. & Schlecht.) Standl.
Cuphea calophylia Cham. & Schlecht. Linnaea 2: 361. 1827.
Cuphea orthodisca Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 132: 224. 1877.
Oaxaca. Central America to Brazil.
Plants 30 to 100 cm. high, woody at base, the stems hispid or pilose; leaves
subsessile, 1 to 5 em. long, oblong, oblanceolate, or obovate, obtuse, ciliate
and hispidulous; racemes leafy, the pedicels 2 to 6 mm. long; calyx green, 6
mm. long, viscid-hirtellous.
The Mexican form is Cuphea calophylla orthodisca Koehne.*
9. Parsonsia nitidula (H. B. K.) Standl.
Cuphea nitidula H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 162. 1823.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Shrub, sometimes 4.5 meters high; petioles 1 to 9 mm. long; leaves lanceo-
late to broadly ovate, 2 to 10 cm. long, acute or acuminate, obtuse to sub-
cordate at base, strigose or hirtellous beneath; inflorescence leafy, the pedicels
5 to 13 mm. long; calyx 15 to 24 mm. long, green or purplish; petals purple.
10. Parsonsia cyanea (DC.) Standl.
Cuphea cyanea DC. Prodr. 3: 85. 1828.
Cuphea coccinea DC. Prodr. 3: 85. 1828.
Cuphea pubiflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 61. 1840.
et
Bot. Jahrb. Engler 2: 138. 1881.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1019
Cuphea strigulosa Lemaire, Fl. Gewiichshiius. 1: 87. 1845.
Cuphea strigillosa Lindl. Bot. Reg. 32: pl. 4. 1846.
Coahuila to Guerrero, Chiapas, and Veracruz.
Plants suffrutescent at base, sometimes 2 meters high, the branches pubes-
cent and glandular-hirtellous or glabrate; petioles 5 to 30 mm. long; leaves
ovate or broadly ovate, 1.5 to 9 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded at base,
strigulose or sparsely pilosulous; racemes often naked and paniculate, the
pedicels 2.5 to 10 mm. long; calyx 16 to 23 mm. long, viscid-hirtellous, red,
yellow, and green.
This species has been introduced into cultivation in Europe and the United
States.
11. Parsonsia nudicostata (Hemsl.) Standl.
Cuphea nudicostata Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 52. 1880.
Known only from the type locality, ‘Ciudad Real.”
Stems covered with long purple glandular-setose hairs; leaves lance-oblong,
5.5 to 7.5 em. long, acute, strigose and hispidulous; calyx 25 mm. long, glandu-
lar-pilose; 2 dorsal petals 10 to 13 mm. long.
12. Parsonsia empetrifolia (Rose) Standl.
Cuphea empetrifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 137. 1897.
Knewn only from the type locality, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, altitude 2,650
to 3,000 meters.
Slender shrub, the branches puberulent or hirtellous; leaves subsessile, linear
or oblong, obtuse or acute, lustrous above; flowers in distinct racemes; calyx
15 mm. long, purplish, glandular-hispidulous; petals purple, the 2 dorsal ones
8 mm. long.
13. Parsonsia pinetorum (Benth.) Stand.
Cuphea pinetorum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 74. 1841.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala: type from San Ramon.
Slender shrub, the branches puberulent-scabrous; leaves subsessile, lanceo-
late, 2.5 to 7 em. long, attenuate, obtuse to subcordate at base, scabrous; ra-
cemes leafy, the pedicels 4 to 7 mm. long; calyx 17 to 20 mm. long, viscid-
hirtellous, not colored; petals black-purple.
14. Parsonsia chiapensis (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Cuphea chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 187. 1915.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas.
Shrub, the branches viscid-hirtellous;-petioles 7 to 15 mm. long; leaves
ovate, 2 to 5.5 em. long, acuminate, rounded at base, scabrous; calyx about 23
mm. long, hirtellous; 2 dorsal petals 12 mm. long, red.
15. Parsonsia ixodes (Hemsl.) Standl.
Cuphea ixodes Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 52. 1886.
Described from southern Mexico, the locality not known.
Petioles 1 to 2 mm. long; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 em. long, scabrous
and hirtellous; pedicels 6 ts 10 mm. long; calyx 20 to 25 mm. long, SPOT ako
hispidulous ; 2 dorsal petals 8 to 9 mm. long.
16. Parsonsia hookeriana (Walp.) Standl.
Cuphea floribunda Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 289. 1841. Not C.
floribunda Lehm. 1831.
Cuphea hookeriana Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 107. 1843.
Cuphea cinnabarina Planch. Fl. Serr. Jard. 5: pl. 527. 1849.
Cuphea roezlii Carriére, Rev. Hort. 1877: 469. 1877
Cuphea pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 149. 1890.
1020 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Sinaloa to Veracruz and Chiapas; type collected between San Blas and
Tepic. Guatemala and Nicaragua.
Plants usually shrubby, sometimes 2 meters high; leaves lanceolate or ovate,
2 to 11 em. long, acuminate; pedicels 2 to 9 mm. long; calyx 10 to 22 mm. long,
bright red, viscid-pubescent ; petals purple.
17. Parsonsia llavea (Lex.) Standl.
Cuphea Wavea Lex.; Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 20, 1824.
Cuphea barbigera Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 289. 1841.
Cuphea miniata Brongn. in Van Houtte, Fl. Gewiichschiius. 2: pl. 9. 1846.
Chihuahua to Sinaloa, Zacatecas, and Oaxaca.
Shrub, the branches strigose or hirtellous; leaves subsessile, lanceolate or
ovate, 2 to 8 cm. long. acute or acuminate, obtuse to subcordate at base,
scabrous; pedicels 2 to 4 mm. long, the racemes leafy; calyx 20 to 40 mm. long,
green or purplish, grayish-hirsute; petals bright red. ‘ Hierba de San Pedro”
(Koehne). ”
Forms of this species are frequently cultivated, and hybrids between this
and other species have been produced in European gardens.
18. Parsonsia blepharophylla Blake, Proc. Biol. Soe. Washington 32: 190.
1919.
Known only from the type locality. between Ixtagua and Agua Fria, Sinaloa.
Leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 2 to 4 cm. long or larger,
acute, or acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, very scabrous; calyx hirsute
with eglandular hairs, purplish; petals bright red.
19. Parsonsia bilimekii (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea bilimekii Koehne in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 216: 155. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, Orizaba, Veracruz.
Branches pubescent and hirsute; leaves subsessile, ovate-oblong, 2 to 3 em.
long, acute, rounded at base; racemes short, leafy, the pedicels 2 to 3 mm. long;
ealyx purplish; petals purple.
20. Parsonsia goldmanii (Rose) Standl.
Cuphea goldmanii Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 12: 287. f. 28. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, Comitaén, Chiapas.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves elliptic or oval-ovate, 2 to 4 cm. long, ob-
tuse or subacute, rounded at base, scabrous above, hirtellous beneath, short-
petiolate; calyx green; petals dark red.
21. Parsonsia arnottiana Standl.
Cuphea bracteata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 289. 1841. Not C. brac-
teata Lag. 1814.
Jalisco and Tepic; type from San Blas and Tepic.
Leaves subsessile, oblong or ovate, 10 to 15 mm. long, acute, strigose-hirtel-
lous; pedicels 4 mm. long; calyx 10 to 12 mm. long, short-hirtellous and setu-
lose; dorsal petals 7 mm. long, purple.
22. Parsonsia lobophora (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea lobophora Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 132: 235. 1877.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca.
Plants woody at base, 60 em. high or less; leaves sessile, linear to oblong
ovate, 2 to 5 em. long, acute; calyx green or purplish, hirtellous or scabrous.
23. Parsonsia squamuligera (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea squamuligera Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 182: 235. 1877.
Guerrero, Michoacan, Morelos, and Mexico; type from Morelia, Michoacan.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1021
Plants usually suffrutescent at base; leaves subsessile, lanceolate or oblong-
ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, acute; calyx green or purplish, hirtellous or scabrous.
24. Parsonsia aequipetala (Cav.) Standl.
Cuphea aequipetala Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 57. pl. 382, f. 2. 1797.
Cuphea bracteata Lag. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 16. 1814.
Cuphea scabrida H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 203. 1823.
Cuphea apanzaloa DC. Prodr. 3: 88. 1828.
Cuphea floribunda Lehm. Linnaea 6: Lit. 11. 1831.
Cuphea violacea Regel, Flora 33: 354. 1850.
Cuphea ocymoides Decaisne, Journ. d’Hort. 3: pl. 3. 1859.
Coahuila to Michoacin, Chiapas, and Veracruz. Guatemala.
Plants a meter high or less, herbaceous or suffrutescent; petioles 5 mm.
long or less; leaves lanceolate or ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, acute, acute to rounded
at base, glabrous or hispidulous beneath; inflorescence leafy, the pedicels 1 to
5 mm. long; calyx 13 to 23 mm. long, purplish; petals violet or purple. “Apan-
choloa”’ (Veracruz).
25. Parsonsia bustamanta (Llave & Lex.) Standl.
Cuphea bustamanta Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 21. 1824.
Cuphea platycentra Benth. Pl. Hartw. 7. 1839.
Michoacin to Mexico, Morelos, and Oaxaca; type from Morelia, Michoacan.
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, strigose-puberulent; petioles 4 to 10 mm.
long; leaves ovate or rounded-ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, scaberulous or hispidulous ;
calyx 22 to 25 mm. long, red, puberulent or hispidulous; petals yellow, or the
dorsal ones purple.
26. Parsonsia appendiculata (Benth.) Standl.
Cuphea appendiculata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 61. 1840.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Juquila, Oaxaca.
Shrub, 2 meters high or less, the branches hispidulous; leaves lance-elliptic,
5 to 12 em. long, acuminate, attenuate at base to a short petiole, hispidulous
beneath along the nerves; calyx 25 to 33 mm. long, green, strigillose; petals
red-purple, 5 to 9 mm. long.
27. Parsonsia roseana (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea trichopetala Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 9: 261. 1900. Not C. tri-
chopetala Rusby & Koehne, 1896.
Cuphea roseana Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 261. 1900.
Known only from the type locality, near Colomas, Sinaloa.
Stems suffrutescent at base, puberulent or glabrous; leaves sessile, oblong-
obovate, 5 to 14 em. long, acute or acuminate, narrowed to the clasping base,
densely scaberulous beneath; calyx 16 to 23 mm. long, green, setose-hirsute ;
dorsal petals dark purple-red, 7 mm. long, the ventral petals filiform, spirally
eontorted above.
28. Parsonsia megalophylla (Blake) Standl.
Cuphea megalophylla Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 53: 63. 1918.
Known only from the type locality, Cafetal Concordia, Pochutla, Oaxaca,
altitude 500 meters.
Stems densely hispidulous and setose-pilose; leaves oval, 10 to 14 cm. long,
acuminate, cuneate-acuminate at base, minutely tuberculate-hispidulous be-
neath; calyx 27 mm. long, greenish, setose-pilose with purple hairs.
1022 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
29. Parsonsia cristata (Rose) Standl.
Cuphea cristata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 5: 196. pl. 23. 1899.
Tepic and Michoacén or Guerrero; type collected between Tepic and Pedro
Paulo.
Stems suffrutescent at base, strigillose; leaves petiolate, elliptic or elliptic-
lanceolate, 7 to 12 em. long, acuminate, abruptly attenuate at base, scaberulous
beneath; calyx about 30 mm. long, red and green, setose-hirsute; petals red,
narrowly oblong.
80. Parsonsia gracilifiora (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea gracilifiora Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 132: 236. 1877.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas.
Plants usually suffrutescent, the stems densely hisp’d or hirsute; leaves
petiolate or subsessile, ovate or elliptic, 4 to 18 cm. long, acute or acuminate,
acute or obtuse at base, thick, hispidulous beneath; inflorescence racemose-
paniculate, many-flowered ; calyx 24 to 30 mm. long, hirtellous or hirsute, green
or purplish; petals bright red.
81. Parsonsia boissieriana (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea boissieriana Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 7: 42. 1885.
Type from Mexico, the locality not known.
Branches strigillose-scabrous and sparsely pilose; leaves sessile, lanceolate,
3.5 to 7 em. long, scaberulous; pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long; calyx 25 mm. long, red.
32. Parsonsia micropetala (H. B. K.) Stand.
Cuphea micropetala H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 209. pl. 551. 1823.
Cuphea eminens Planch. & Lind. Fl. Serres 10: pl. 994. 1854.
Colima to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Guanajuato.
Plants shrubby or herbaceous, 1 meter high or less, the stems puberulent and
sometimes hirtellous; petioles 10 mm. long or less; leaves oblong-lanceolate or
narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 16 em. long, attenuate at each end, scaberulous; calyx
20 to 35 mm. long, red and yellow; stamens often exserted.
83. Parsonsia heteropetala (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea heteropetala Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 18?: 232. 1877.
Oaxaca.
Branches glandular-hirtellous or hispidulous; leaves petiolate or sub-
sessile, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, glabrous, 2.5 to 10 em. long; pedicels
7 to 11 mm. long: calyx 21 to 25 mm. long, glandular-hirtellous.
34. Parsonsia schumannii (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea schumannii Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 160. 1900.
Type from Cérdoba, Veracruz.
Stems biseriately glandular-setose; petioles 15 mm. long or less; leaves 7.5
to 9.5 em. long, acute, acute to subcordate at base, scabrous above; pedicels 3
mm. long or less; calyx 23 to 25 mm. long, red.
85. Parsonsia bracteolosa (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea bracteolosa Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 41: 95. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, La Tuveria, Michoacin or Guerrero,
altitude 900 meters.
Stems suffrutescent, 60 em. high, strigose and hirsute; leaves ternate, sub-
sessile, lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at base, glabrous
beneath, scabrous above; pedicels axillary, 4 to 7 mm. long; calyx about 20
mm. long, red, hirsute; petals black-purple, 3 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. , 1023
36. Parsonsia baillonis (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea baillonis Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 4: 401. 1833.
Type from Oaxaca.
Stems sparsely pubescent below; petioles 1 to 2 mm. long; leaves opposite,
3.5 to 5 em. long, acute, rounded or obtuse at base, scabrous above, glabrous
beneath; racemes leafy, the pedicels 8 to 10 mm. long; calyx 20 to 22 mm.
long, red.
37. Parsonsia heterophylla (Benth.) Standl.
Cuphea heterophylla Benth. Pl. Hartw. 37. 1840.
Cuphea terna Peyritsch, Linnaea 30: 71. 1857.
Cuphea propinqua Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 53. 1880.
_ Michoacan to Mexico, Morelos, and Oaxaca; perhaps also in Tepic; type
from Morelia, Michoacan.
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, 60 em. high or less, hirsute, pubescent, or
glabrous; petioles 3 mm. long or less; leaves mostly ternate, ovate to oblong-
lanceolate, 3 to 10° cm. long. scabrous; racemes distinct, leafy or nearly naked,
the pedicels 4 to 20 mm. long; calyx 15 to 25 mm. long, purplish or reddish,
puberulent or short-hirsute; petals red. ‘ Moradilla”’ (Koehne).
38. Parsonsia jorullensis (H. B. K.) Standl.
Cuphea jorullensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 208. 1823.
Cuphea arvensis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 37. 1840.
Cuphea viridostoma S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 412. 1887.
Cuphea mesochloa Greene, Pittonia 1: 141. 1887.
Durango to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Jorullo, Michoacan.
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, 80 cm. high or less, puberulent and
hispidulous ; petioles 1 to 5 mm. long; leaves mostly opposite, oblong, lanceolate,
or ovate, 2 to 6 em. long, obtuse or acute, very scabrous; flowers in distinct
racemes, the pedicels 5 to 20 mm. long; calyx 20 to 28 mm. long, red and
green; petals whitish.
39. Parsonsia intermedia (Hemsl.) Standl.
Cuphea intermedia Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 52. 1880.
Type from Chiapas.
Stems puberulent when young; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate or
ovate, 3 to 4 em. long, acute or obtuse, scabrous above and sparsely pilose,
pubescent and scaberulous beneath; flowers solitary; calyx 25 mm. long,
hirte!llous-pubescent ; petals purple or pink.
40. Parsonsia retroscabra (S. Wats.) Standl.
Cuphea retroscabra S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 413. 1887.
Jalisco, the type from Rio Blanco.
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent at base, hispidulous and retrorse-scabrous ;
leaves mostly ternate, oval to oblong-linear, 2 to 8 em. long, obtuse or acute,
scabrous; flowers in distinct racemes, the pedicels 6 to 20 mm. long; calyx
about 16 mm. long, purplish, puberulent and hispidulous; petals pink.
41. Parsonsia watsoniana (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea watsoniana Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 23: Beibl. 57: 29. 1897.
Known only from the type locality, Lake Chapala, Jalisco.
Stems suffrutescent, scaberulous and hispid; petioles 2 to 5 mm. long; leaves
ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 6.5 em. long, acute, very scabrous;
flowers lateral, the pedicels 4 to 7 mm. long; calyx 25 to 30 mm. long, red.
1024 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
42. Parsonsia subuligera (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea subuligera Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 182: 231. 1877.
Cuphea dodecandra Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 51. 1880.
Puebla and Chiapas.
Stems suffrutescent, glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, lance-ovate to oblong-
lanceolate, 4 to 10 cm. long, long-acuminate, glabrous and smooth; flowers in
distinct racemes, the pedicels 3 to 11 mm. long; calyx 23 to 28 mm. long,
pink or purple, glabrate.
43. Parsonsia caeciliae (Koehne) Standl.
Cuphea caeciliae Koehne, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 564. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Rio Saconeja, Chiapas.
Similar to P. subuligera; leaves wider; calyx 20 to 30 mm. long, purple-red,
densely glandular-hirtellous.
44. Parsonsia ignea (A. DC.) Standl.
Cuphea platycentra Lem. Fl. Gewiichshius. 2: pl. 180. 1846. Not OC. platy-
centra Benth. 1839.
Cuphea ignea A. DC. Fl. Serr. Jard. 3: 500C. 1849.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Jamaica.
Stems suffrutescent 1 meter high or less, glabrous; leaves short-petiolate,
lanceolate or ovate, 2 to 8.5 em. long, acuminate, glabrous; pedicels 5 to 20 mm.
long; calyx 18 to 25 mm. long, bright red.
45. Parsonsia liebmannii (Koehne) Standl.
-Cuphea liebmannii Koehne in Mart. Fl. Bras. 182: 231. 1877.
Type from Tolontepec.
Similar to P. ignea; stem, leaves, and calyx pilose with spreading hairs;
calyx 17 mm. long.
3. LAFOENSIA Vand. Fl. Lusit. Bras. 33. 1788.
The other species are natives of South America.
1. Lafoensia punicaefolia DC. Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 87: 86. pl.
1. 1826.
Guerrero and Oaxaca, at altitudes of 300 to 450 meters. Central America to
Bolivia and Venezuela; type from Santa Marta, Colombia.
Tree, 16 meters high or less, the bark dark brown; leaves opposite, short-
petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 11 cm. long, obtuse-acuminate, glabrous, with
a conspicuous pore beneath just below the apex; flowers racemose or sub-
paniculate, 12 to 16-parted; calyx campanulate, 3 cm. long, very thick and
leathery ; petals 3 to 3.5 cm. long, pale yellow, turning red in age; stamens seyv-
eral times as long as the calyx, the filaments red; fruit an ovoid capsule, 3 cm.
long or larger; wood rather hard, heavy, strong, tough, fine-grained, taking a
good polish, the sapwood pale yellow, the heartwood slightly darker. ‘ Co-
quito” (Oaxaca); “moreno” (Guerrero) ; “palo culebra,” ‘‘ palo de culebra ”
(Guatemala); ‘ amarillo” (Panama); ‘trompillo,” “cuyapo” (El Salva-
dor).
A fine yellow dye is obtained from the tree in Guerrero and Panama. In El
Salvador it is often planted for shade.
4, LYTHRUM L. Sp. Pl. 446. 1753.
Plants herbaceous or sometimes frutescent, slender, glabrous, growing in
wet soil; leaves opposite in the species here listed, sometimes alternate, nar-
row; flowers axillary, solitary, 4 to 6-parted; calyx tubular, with small ap-
pendages ; petals white, pink, or purple; capsule bivalvate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1025
Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. The two listed here scarcely
deserve mention, but they are usually somewhat woody at base.
Leaves short-petiolate, obtuse or rounded at base__________ 1. L. acinifolium.
Leaves, at least the upper ones, sessile and cordate at base____2. L. gracile.
1. Lythrum acinifolium Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 1: 322. 1881.
Durango to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Puebla, and Chiapas. Guatemala
and Chile.
Plants very slender, much branched, sometimes 2 meters high, the stems
brown, with exfoliating bark; leaves oblong to elliptic-ovate, 5 to 30 mm.
long, obtuse; calyx 4 to 6 mm. long; petals purple or white.
2. Lythrum gracile Benth. Pl. Hartw. 7. 1839.
Nuevo Leén to Jalisco and Veracruz; type from Zacatecas.
Plants usually less than 60 ecm. high, much branched; leaves cordate-oblong
or ovate, 5 to 138 mm. long, acute or obtuse; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long.
5. LAWSONIA L. Sp. Pl. 349. 1753.
The genus consists of a single species.
1, Lawsonia inermis L. Sp. Pl. 349. 1753.
Lawsonia. alba Lam. Encycl. 3: 106. 1789.
Cultivated in many parts of Mexico, and in places growing without cultiva-
tion. Native probably of Africa and Asia, but commonly cultivated in most
tropical and subtropical regions.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 6 meters high, glabrous, the branchlets often spinelike;
leaves opposite, oblong or obovate, 1 to 2.5 em. long, mucronate-acuminate,
narrowed at base; flowers 4-parted, in large open terminal panicles, sweet-
seented; calyx broadly turbinate, 3 to 5 mm. long; petals yellow, reniform,
nearly sessile; stamens 8; fruit globose, 2 to 4-celled, indehiscent. ‘‘ Reseda”
(Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Colombia, Porto
Rico) ; ‘ cinamomo” (Philippines).
The henna plant is cultivated in tropical America for its sweet-scente/l
flowers. It grows readily from cuttings and makes a good hedge plant, some-
what resembling privet. The odor of the flowers is strong and resembles that
of mignonette. The leaves of henna are much used in the Orient for stain-
ing the nails, hands, and feet yellow, and also for dyeing the hair and beard.
A paste of the leaves applied to the hair or beard soon produces a bright red
color, which is considered becoming among certain classes of Mohammedans.
Frequently, however, an indigo paste is next applied, and this turns the hair
jet black. The tails and manes of horses are sometimes colored red in the
same way. From the flowers is obtained a perfume which becomes an in-
gredient of oils and ointments, and was employed by the Egyptians in em-
balming; also by the Jews in baths and in religious ceremonies (it is the
“camphire” of Solomon). The plant yields a dull red dye for cloth. The
fruit is reputed to have emmenagogue properties and the leaves are used in-
ternally and externally for jaundice, leprosy, and various cutaneous affections.
6. HEIMIA Link, Enum. Pl. 2: 3. 1822.
Only one other species is known, a native of South America.
1. Heimia salicifolia (H. B. K.) Link,*Enum. Pl. 2: 3. 1822.
Nesaea salicifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 192. 1823.
Heimia syphilitica DC. Mém. Soe. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 37: 12. 1826.
Nesaea suphilitica Steud..Flora 25: 474. 1842.
Along streams or in wet soil, Baja California to Coahuila, Veracruz, and
Oaxaca. Western Texas, El Salvador, Jamaica, and South America.
1026 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub, 0.5 to 3 meters high, glabrous; leaves mostly opposite, sessile, linear-
lanceolate or lanceolate, 2 to 9 em. long, acuminate; flowers yellow, inodorous,
pedicellate, solitary in the axils; calyx campanulate, 5 to 9 mm. long, with
hornlike appendages at base of lobes; petals 5 to 7, 12 to 17 mm. long;
stamens 10 to 18. ‘“ Hauchinal,” ‘“ hauchinol,’ ‘“ hauchinoli,” ‘ hachinal,”
“huauchinal,” ‘ hanechinol,’ “ hanchinoli,” ‘ hanchinal,’ (Oaxaca, Morelos,
Mexico, and elsewhere); “jarilla” (Oaxaca); ‘sinicuiche,” “ sinicuilche,”
“sinicuil’’ (Nuevo Leon, Jalisco); “ granadillo” (Urbina); ‘“escobilla det
rio”’ (Tamaulipas) ; “ quiebra yugo,” “ quiebra arado” (Argentina, Uruguay).
The petals fall soon after the flowers open. The plant is much used locally
in medicine, emetic, antisyphilitic, hemostatic, febrifuge, diuretic, laxative,
vulnerary, sudorific, tonic and astringent properties being ascribed to it. It
is employed most commonly for syphilitic affections. The leaves are said
to contain 9 per cent of a bitter principle, nesine, and about 14 per cent of
a resin, the latter being the active principle. If the juice or a decoction
of the plant is taken internally it is said to produce a mild and pleasant
intoxication, during which all objects seen appear to be yellow. Palmer
reports that in Tamaulipas a decoction of the plant is employed as a wash
to relieve the effects of poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron).
This plant was listed by Sessé and Mocifio’ as “ Ginora [Ginoria] americana,”
a name pertaining to a Cuban plant of a different genus. It is described also
by Hernandez.’
7. LAGERSTROEMIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1076. 1759.
The species are all natives of the Old World.
1. Lagerstroemia indica L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 734. 1762.
Commonly cultivated in Mexico and sometimes escaping. Native of Asia,
East Indies, and Australia, but widely cultivated.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 7 meters high, the trunk 6 to 17 cm. in diameter, the
bark smooth, gray; leaves alternate, sessile or nearly so, oblong-elliptic to
rounded, 2 to 7 em. long, short-acuminate, rounded, or emarginate at apex,
glabrous or hirtellous beneath along the nerves; flowers in terminal panicles,
pedicellate, 4 to 7-parted; calyx campanulate, 7 to 10 mm. long; petals white,
pink, or purple, 12 to 20 mm. long, on slender claws, the blade orbicular-
cordate, crispate and erose; stamens 36 to 42; capsule 6-celled, 9 to 13 mm.
long, ellipsoid-globose. “ Astronémica” (Durango, Oaxaca, ete.) ; “ crespén”
(San Luis Potosi); ‘“atmosférica” (Durango, Oaxaca); ‘“ atmdésfera”
(Sinaloa) ; “ Jaipiter’” (Cuba, El Salvador, Nicaragua) ; “ astromeda” (Porto
Rico) ; ‘‘ melindres ” (Philippines).
Crape-myrtle is an extremely handsome plant, with very showy and hand-
some flowers which are borne in great profusion and for most of the year.
Although it grows well in the tropics, it is not a tropical plant, but can stand
considerable freezing. In the United States it is hardy as far north as
Baltimore, and is grown out of doors still farther north.
8. GINORIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 5. 1760.
Six other species are known, all natives of the West Indies.
1. Ginoria nudifiora (Hemsl.) Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 3: 351. 1882.
Antherylium nudiflorum Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 13. 1878.
The type was collected somewhere in southern Mexico by Jurgensen; the
writer has seen another specimen collected by Galeotti in 1845, probably in
Oaxaca.
ES eS eee eee eee 0D
1P]. Nov. Hisp. 78. 1887. * Thesaurus 105, 415. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1027
Glabrous shrub or tree, leafless at anthesis, the leaves not known; flowers
in axillary 5 to 10-flowered umbels, the pedicels 5 to 12 mm. long, slender;
calyx 6 mm. long, 4-lobate; petals about 7 mm. long, erose; stamens 28 to 30;
ovary 3 or 4-celled.
119. PUNICACEAE. Pomegranate Family.
The family consists of a single genus and species.
1. PUNICA L. Sp. Pl. 472. 1753.
The generic name is derived from the Latin name for the Carthaginians
(Punici), who are said to have introduced the pomegranate into Italy.
1. Punica granatum L. Sp. Pl. 472. 1753.
Common in cultivation nearly throughout Mexico. Native of the Mediter-
ranean region, but cultivated everywhere in warm countries.
Shrub or small tree, 6 meters high or less, sometimes with a short trunk,
the bark very thin, brownish gray, shallowly reticulate; leaves opposite or
clustered, short-petiolate, elliptic, oblong, or oblanceolate, 2 to 6 em. long,
obtuse, attenuate at base, entire, glabrous; flowers perfect, short-pedicellate,
solitary or clustered; calyx leathery, 5 to 7-lobate, the lobes triangular; petals
5 to 7, obovate to suborbicular, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, bright red; stamens nu-
merous; fruit a leathery berry, globose, 5 to 10 cm. in diameter, several-
celled; seeds numerous, surrounded by white or pink, acidulous pulp; wood
hard, close-grained, light yellow, its specific gravity about 0.98. The plant is
known everywhere in Spanish-speaking countries as ‘“ granado,” the fruit
as “ granada”; the following names also are reported: “ Tzapyan,” “ tzapyon ”
(Mixe, Belmar) ; “ yaga-zehi”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; ‘ yutnu-didzi” (Oax-
aca, Mixtec, Reko).
The pomegranate is cultivated in the southern United States and is hardy
as far north as the city of Washington. It is one of the best of the tropical
fruits, being one of the few that are acidulous, most tropical fruits being
sweet or insipid. It is a favorite fruit in Mexico, where numerous varieties
are grown, such as the “granada de China,” “granada agria,” and others.
The principal variation is in the size of the fruit and the color of the pulp.
The pomegranates of Tehuacin, Puebla, are famous for their quality. The
fruit is eaten without special preparation, or is made into sherbets and bever-
ages.
The hard wood is sometimes used by engravers as a substitute for box-
wood (Buxrus sempervirens). The bark and the rind of the fruit are astrin-
gent, and are employed for tanning and dyeing leather. The bark, with iron
sulphate, gives a black ink, and the flowers with alum a red ink.
The bark of the stem and root is official in the United States Pharmacopoeia,
its active power being due to an alkaloid, pelletierine. The bark contains
over 22 per cent of tannic acid. The bark is employed as a vermifuge and
teniafuge, being particularly efficient for the latter purpose. It is used locally
also for dysentery and intermittent fevers and as a gargle for sore throat.
120. RHIZOPHORACEAE. Mangrove Family.
1. RHIZOPHORA L. Sp. Pl. 448. 1753.
The genus consists of about three species, widely distributed on tropical
coasts.
1. Rhizophora mangle L. Sp. Pl. 448. 1758.
Common along both Mexican coasts from Tamaulipas and southern Baja
California southward. Widely distributed in tropical America.
s
1028 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Tree, sometimes 25 meters high, with a trunk 1.2 meters in diameter, but
usually much smaller; bark thin, brownish gray, shallowly furrowed, red
within; leaves opposite, petiolate, obovate or elliptic, 5 to 15 cm. long, obtuse,
entire, leathery, glabrous, dark green, with deciduous stipules; flowers perfect,
on 2 or 3-flowered axillary peduncles; calyx leathery, 4-lobed; petals 4, yel-
lowish white, linear, hairy; stamens 8; fruit baccate, conic, 2 to 2.5 em. long,
leathery, brown; seed usually germinating in the fruit, the radicle pushing
out and growing downward, becoming 25 to 30 cm. long before it falls from
the plant and takes root in the mud; wood hard, close-grained, strong, dark
red-brown, its specific gravity about 1.16. “ Tab-ché” or “tap-ché” (Yucatan,
Maya); “mangle” (Baja California, Oaxaca, and elsewhere, Costa Rica,
Porto Rico, Santo Domingo, ete.; the word probably of Carib origin; ‘‘ manglar ”
is a mangrove thicket) ; “mangle dulce” (Baja California) ; ‘“mangle colo-
rado” (Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Oaxaca, Veracruz, Guerrero, Cuba, Panama,
Guatemala, Porto Rico, Venezuela) ; “ mangle tinto” (Veracruz) ; “ candelén”
(Veracruz, Colima, Sinaloa, Ramirez) ; ‘mangle salado” (Panama) ; ‘‘ mangle
zapatero” (Porto Rico); “mangle gateador”’ (Costa Rica).
The mangrove (sometimes known as “red mangrove’’) is the most abundant
and conspicuous tree of tropical coasts, forming dense forests or thickets of
great extent almost everywhere that the water is brackish. The plants send
out numerous arching prop roots in all directions, which are covered at
high tide, and these form impenetrable tangles. The roots are often covered
with oysters. The mangrove is important in land building, preventing wash-
ing away of land by waves and also affording a place of protection for soil
and refuse. Thus small islands gradually increase greatly in size. The soil
underneath mangrove trees usually consists of black oozy mud, and the man-
grove forests are extremely repellent in appearance when seen at close hand,
although when viewed from a distance they are strikingly handsome.
The wood is used for fuel and for building wharfs and docks, since it is
durable in water and is not attacked by the mollusk Teredo. Clavigero states
that it was employed for making oars, and Oviedo states that “it is one of
the best woods there is here (West Indies) for the poles of huts and timbers
of houses, and for door and window frames.’ The leaves and especially
the bark are rich in tannin and the latter is used for tanning leather. The
bark, with salts of copper or iron, yields olive, brown, and slate dyes. Of
the fruit, Oviedo (Lib. IX, Cap. VI) states that it “is tawny and within
is a marrow or heart which the Indians eat when they can find no better
fruit (for it is somewhat bitter), and they say it is wholesome.” The bark
has been employed as a febrifuge and to stop hemorrhages, also as a remedy
for sore throat. Pittier reports that in Panama a red dye is obtained from the
young shoots.
121. COMBRETACEAE. Combretum Family.
Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, in some genera armed with spines;
leaves opposite or alternate, entire, estipulate; flowers spicate, racemose, or
capitate, bracteate, perfect or polygamo-dioecious; calyx tube adnate to the
ovary, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes usually valvate; petals 4 or 5 or
none, small; stamens as many or twice as many as the calyx lobes, inserted on
the limb or base of the calyx; style simple, the stigma entire; fruit coriaceous
or drupaceous, 1-celled, 1-seeded, indehiscent.
se
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1029
*
Flowers in dense globose conelike heads__-___---________ 1. CONOCARPUS.
Flowers spicate or racemose.
Leaves alternate; petals none.
Calyx limb deciduous; branches unarmed____----_-_-~~ 2. TERMINALIA.
Calyx limb persistent; branches usually armed with spines___-3. BUCIDA,
Leaves opposite; petals present.
Calyx limb persistent; fruit not winged; plants erect.
4, LAGUNCULARIA.
Calyx limb deciduous; fruit broadly winged; plants scandent.
5. COMBRETUM.
1. CONOCARPUS L. Sp. Pl. 176. 1758.
A single species is known.
1. Conocarpus erecta L. Sp. Pl. 176. 1753.
On both coasts of Mexico, from Tamaulipas and southern Baja California
southward. Widely distributed on tropical American shores and in western
Africa.
Variable in size, sometimes a prostrate shrub but usually erect, becoming a
tree 20 meters high, with a trunk 80 cm. in diameter; bark dark brown, fis-
‘sured into irregular ridges and thin scales; leaves alternate, short-petiolate,
obovate to elliptic or oval, 2 to 10 em. long, obtuse or acute at each end, en-
tire, leathery, glabrous or sericeous, the petiole bearing 2 glands; flowers per-
fect, very small, green, in globose paniculate heads 1 cm. or less in diameter ;
ealyx 2 mm. long; cerolla none; stamens usually 5, exserted; fruit a conelike
head of small flat winged scalelike drupes, purplish green; wood hard, close-
grained, grayish or yellowish brown, its specific gravity nearly 1.00. ‘“ Mangle
negro” (Oaxaca); “xtabché” or “xkanché” (Yucatan, Maya); “ estacha-
huite” (from the Nahuatl istac-cuahuitl, “ white-tree,’ referring to the whit-
ish branches, Reko); ‘ botoncabhui ” (Sinaloa) ; “botoncillo”? (Yuecatin, Ven-
ezuela) ; “mangle” (Guerrero, Santo Domingo) ; ‘‘ mangle prieto” (Tabasco) ;
“saragoza”’ (Colombia, Panama); ‘mangle botoncillo” (Venezuela, Porto
Rico) ; “mangle botén ” (Porto Rico, Cuba) ; “mangle colorado” (Porto Rico) ;
“mangle pifuelo” (Panama); “yana” (Cuba); “ mariquito” (Costa Rica) ;
“mangle torcido”’ (Panama).
The buttonwood grows in mangrove swamps with the mangroves and
Avicennia nitida. The wood ‘s used for rafters, boats, cabinet work, and
various other purposes; it is said to be durable in the soil. The leaves and
bark are employed for tanning skins. The bitter bark finds use locally in
medicine as an astringent and tonic. :
Conocarpus erecta sericea DC. is a form with densely sericeous leaves. It
occurs on both coasts of Mexico with the typical glabrate form. By some
authors it has been considered a distinct species, but it grades gradually into
the common form.
2. TERMINALIA L. Mant. Pl. 1: 21. 1771.
Trees; leaves alternate, crowded at the ends of the branches, deciduous,
petiolate; flowers perfect or polygamous, small, green, in lax elongate spikes;
calyx tube constricted above the ovary, the limb campanulate, 5-dentate;
petals none; stamens 10; fruit ovoid, compressed or winged, 1-seeded, dru-
paceous.
Ovary compressed, not winged; calyx limb 2.5 mm. Jong___-_~ 1. T. catappa.
Ovary with 2 broad wings; calyx limb 1.5 mm. long or less_.__2. T. excelsa.
f
7Prodr. 3: 16. 1828.
1030 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Terminalia catappa L. Mant. Pl. 2: 519. 1771.
Cultivated in Mexico and perhaps naturalized; specimens seen from Sinaloa,
Tepic, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Yucatin. Native of the Hast Indies, but gen-
erally cultivated in trépical regions.
Large tree, sometimes 25 meters high, with a trunk 1.5 meters in diameter,
the branches whorled, spreading; leaves obovate, 10 to 30 cm. long, rounded
and abruptly pointed at apex, narrowed to the base, nearly glabrous; spikes
5 to 15 em. long, the pistillate below; fruit a woody drupe, ellipsoid or
rounded, 4 to 7 em. long, compressed, 2-edged ; seed 3 to 4 cm. long; wood hard,
close-grained, red-brown, the specific gravity about 0.70. ‘‘ Almendra” (fruit),
“almendro” (tree), “‘almendron” (Yucatén, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Porto Rico,
Costa Rica, Philippines, El Salvador, Santo Domingo); “ almendrillo’”
(Oaxaca) ; “almendra de la India” (Cuba, El Salvador).
The wood of the Indian almond is a valuable source of lumber when pro-
curable in sufficient quantity. The roots, bark, and fruit contain much tannin,
and are employed for tanning skins. The fruit and other parts furnish a
permanent black ink and dye, and in India the fruit is employed to color
the teeth black. Silkworms are fed upon the leaves. The seeds contain about
50 per cent of a fixed oil. They are edible and are used like almonds; in flavor
they suggest filberts. The plant is sometimes used locally in medicine because
of its astringent and supposed tonic properties. For illustrations of this
species see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: f. 13, pl. 57.
2. Terminalia excelsa Liebm. (Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 1: 402. 1880,
nomen nudum).
Veracruz.
Tree; leaves obovate, obtuse or acute, attenuate at base to a slender petiole,
thinly sericeous when young but soon glabrate; racemes lax, 8 to 10 em. long,
finely fulvous-tomentulose ; calyx lobes short, rounded or very obtuse; stamens
long-exerted, the filaments glabrous; style 3 to 4 mm. long, glabrous; very
young fruit thinly fulvous-tomentulose.
No description of this species has been published, apparently. Presumably
it was based upon specimens collected at Mirador by Liebmann. The writer
has seen a single flowering specimen, with immature leaves, from Zacuapan
(Purpus 3800), which is probably of the same species. It appears distinct
from either of the species recently described from Panama.
According to Ramirez, the tree is known in Veracruz as “ pucté.”
3. BUCIDA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1025. 1759.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Bucida buceras L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1025. 1759.
Campeche; reported from Tabasco. Southern Florida, West Indies, and
Panama.
Tree, sometimes 25 meters high, with a trunk 90 em. in diameter, the crown
broad and spreading; bark gray, scaly; branches often armed with spines
2 to 3 em. long; leaves alternate but crowded at the ends of the branches,
petiolate, obovate, oval, or elliptic, 3 to 9 em. long, rounded or retuse at apex,
entire, coriaceous, sparsely sericeous when young; flowers perfect, green, in
slender spikes; calyx 3 mm. long, sericeous; petals none; stamens 10, ex-
-serted; fruit a drupe, ovoid, 7 to 8 mm. long; wood hard, close-grained, yel-
lowish brown, its specific gravity about 1.04. ‘ Puk-té” or “pue-té” (Cam-
peche, Tabasco) ; “ ficar,”’ “ bicaro” (Porto Rico) ; ‘“ jicaro de playa” (Cuba).
The tree is said to be abundant in some parts of the Yucataén Peninsula,
and to be a valuable source of lumber. The wood is very durable and is em-
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1031
ployed for posts, piling, axles, wheel hubs, and other purposes. The bark
is employed for tanning. For an illustration of a tree see Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 8: pl. 20.
4, LAGUNCULARIA Gaertn. f. ruct. & Sem. 3: 209. 1807.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn. f. Fruct. & Sem. 3: 209. 1807.
Conocarpus racemosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 930. 1759.
Coasts of Tamaulipas and Yucatin. Southern Florida, West Indies, Pan-
ama, South America, and western Africa.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 20 meters high, with a trunk 80 em. in diameter;
bark thin, reddish brown, fissured into long scales; leaves opposite, petiolate,
oblong to oval, 2 to 7 cm. long, rounded at apex, entire, leathery, glabrous, the
petiole with 2 large glands; flowers perfect or polygamous, in lax clustered
spikes; calyx 5-lobate, sericeous, 2 to 3 mm. long; petals 5, suborbicular, not
exceeding the calyx; stamens 10; fruit a leathery 10-ribbed reddish drupe,
oblong or obovoid, 15 mm. long; wood hard, strong, dense, yellowish brown,
its specific gravity about 0.86. ‘‘ Mangle blanco” (Tamaulipas, Sinaloa, Pan-
ama, Porto Rico) ; ‘mangle amarillo,” ‘“ patabin’ (Cuba); “mangle prieto ”
(Santo Domingo) ; “mangle chino” (Sinaloa).
The white mangrove (known also as “ white buttonwood’”’) is usually asso-
ciated with Rhizophora mangle, Conocarpus erecta, and Avicennia nitida.
The bark contains about 14 per cent of tannin, and is used for tanning skins.
It is employed locally in medicine as an astringent and tonic. For an illus-
tration of the flowers see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: pl. 43.
5. COMBRETUM L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 999. 1759.
Seandent shrubs, sometimes armed with spines; leaves opposite, petiolate,
entire; flowers polygamo-dioecious, in terete or one-sided spikes or racemes;
calyx tube cylindric or angulate, constricted above the ovary, the limb cam-
panulate, 4 or 5-lobate, deciduous; petals 4 or 5, small, inserted between the
calyx lobes; stamens 8 or 10, long-exserted; fruit coriaceous, longitudinally
4 to 6-winged, 1-seeded.
Flowers small, the calyx limb less than 2 mm. long; spikes not secund.
Calyx puberulent or tomentose; stems unarmed____--____ 1. C. mexicanum.
Calyx glabrous; stems armed with spines____---_~_ _____2. C, palmeri.
Flowers large, the calyx limb 4 to 5 mm. long or larger; Spikes secund.
WAV XaEIE MUCOUS! eaINC TOTLOS LOUIS eee ne ee 3. C. erianthum.
Calyx merely lepidote, not pilosulous____________________ 4. C. farinosum.
1. Combretum mexicanum Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 159. pl. 132. 1809.
2? Combretum odoratissimum Sessé & Moe. Fl. Mex. 99. 1894.
Guerrero to Oaxaca; type from Acapuleo. Nicaragua.
Large vine; leaves short-petiolate, oblong or oval-oblong, 6 to 15 em. long,
obtuse to acuminate, glabrous or nearly so; flowers white, sweet-scented, in
dense paniculate spikes; fruit 2 to 2.5 em. long, puberulent, the wings 4 to 5
Imm. wide.
2. Combretum palmeri Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 5: 136. 1897.
Known only from the type locality, Acapuleo, Guerrero.
Large vine; leaves elliptic to oblong-obovate, 5 to 7 em. long, obtuse or acute,
sparsely pilosulous beneath along the nerves; spikes very lax, in large panicles ;
flowers white, sweet-scented; petals 2 mm. long; fruit (immature) 1.5 cm.
long, glabrous. °
1032 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
38. Combretum erianthum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 73. 1840.
Oaxaca and Campeche. Guatemala, the type from Retalhuleu.
Large vine; leaves oblong to elliptic, 7 to 15 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate,
densely brownish-lepidote beneath; spikes solitary or paniculate, dense; calyx
limb sometimes 1 cm. long; petals 2.5 mm. long; fruit about 2 cm. long,
puberulent, with broad wings. ‘“‘ Bejuco de peine,” “‘ bejuco de toro” (Oaxaca) ;
““chupamiel,” “‘peine de mico” (El Salvador).
4. Combretum farinosum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 110. 1823.
Combretum argenteum Bertol. Nov. Comm. Acad. Bonon. 4: 412. 1840.
Sinaloa to Chiapas and Veracruz; type collected between Acapulco and
Venta del Ejido, Guerrero. Guatemala and El Salvador.
Large vine, unarmed; leaves broadly oval to elliptic-oblong, 5 to 15 cm.
long, obtuse or short-acuminate, sparsely or densely lepidote beneath; spikes
very thick and dense, solitary or paniculate; flowers blood-red or green-
ish yellow, sweet-scented ; calyx limb often 1 cm. long; petals oblong-spatulate
to broadly ovate, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, obtuse or acute; fruit about 2 cm. long,
lepidote. ‘‘Carape” or “carapi’ (Michoacin, Guerrero) “ peinetillas” (the
spikes), “compio” (Sinaloa); “ angarilla” (Durango, Patoni) ; ‘ peinecillo”
(Veracruz) ; “ quie-tzine’”’ (Oaxaca, Seler) ; “ abacamiel,” “abamiel” (Central
America) ; “ papa-miel” (Nicragua) ; “ chupamiel,” “ peineta,” “ chupamiel de
peineta,” “ chupa-chupa ” (El Salvador).
The branches were formerly used for arrow shafts and are now sometimes
woven into baskets. The showy flowers are full of sweet nectar. When cut,
the stems yield a considerable amount of water, a fact of which advantage is
taken by travelers through the forests when other water is absent. In Sinaloa
the leaves are applied as a remedy for headache.
In a recent account of the species of Combretum of the section Micropetalae’,
Pittier has treated C. argenteum as a valid species, distinguished from C farino-
sum chiefly by its broader petals. Examination of the available material shows
that there is too great variation in petal shape to admit of its use as a basis
of specific segregation.
122. MYRTACEAE. Myrtle Family.
Trees or shrubs, usually aromatic; leaves entire, opposite, pellucid-punctate
or gland-dotted, estipulate; flowers perfect, regular, variously arranged, bi-
bracteolate; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, or the lobes
united in bud and sometimes circumscissile; petals 4 or 5 or none; stamens
numerous; ovary 2 to several-celled, the style simple, the stigma capitate;
fruit baccate or drupaceous, large or small, containing 1 to many Seeds.
This is one of the large families in tropical America, and its representatives
are easily recognized by the combination of punctate leaves, numerous stamens,
and characteristic fruit. It is, however, almost impossible to distinguish the
genera by the embryo characters upon which they are based, and it is extremely
difficult to identify a plant of the family except by comparison with named
specimens.
Several species of the Australian genus Hucalyptus are grown in Mexico for
ornament. They are known as “eucalipto” and “ gigante.” Eucalyptus trees
grow rapidly, and for this reason they are planted in Florida and California as
shade trees and as a source of lumber. As shade trees, however, they are not
desirable, for their foliage is so thin and their crowns so narrow that they
Se NS —————————EE———E—EE a See
1 Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 239-246. 1917.
SS
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1033
afford little shade, while their roots spread in every direction, making it im-
possible to grow other plants in their vicinity. They are not particularly
handsome trees, and their only good feature is rapidity of growth.
_Calyx limb closed in bud or nearly so, in anthesis longitudinally cleft or cir-
cumscissile.
Klowers: tumbellate? = 2412 ena ee sire ator ners 1. CALYCORECTES.
Flowers solitary, cymose, or paniculate.
Calyx limb circumscissile; petals 1 or 2 or none__2. CALYPTRANTHES.
Calyx limb cleft longitudinally in anthesis, or partly circumscissile but re-
maining attached to the tube at one side; petals 4 or 5__3. PSIDIUM.
Calyx limb not closed in bud, the sepals imbricate.
Embryo circinate, the radicle elongate.
Flowers numerous, in cymes; testa of seed thin___________ 4. PIMENTA.
Flowers solitary or rarely racemose; testa horny___________ 5. MYRTUS.
Embryo not circinate, the cotyledons and radicle folded together, the radicle
sometimes very short.
Radicle very short; flowers variously arranged but not paniculate.
6. EUGENTA.
-Radicle elongate; flowers in loose panicles_________________ 7. MYRCIA.
1. CALYCORECTES Berg, Linnaea 27: 317. 1854.
1. Calycorectes mexicanus Berg, Linnaea 27: 318. 1854.
Type from mountains of Oaxaca.
Branchlets puberulent; leaves petiolate, oblong, 7.5 to 10 cm. long, 2.5 to
4 cm. wide, obtuse-acuminate, acute at base, glabrous above, puberulent or
glabrate beneath; flowers in 2 to 6-flowered umbels equaling or shorter than
the petiole, the pedicels 2 mm. long, puberulent; calyx globose, apiculate, rup-
turing into 4 ovate lobes; petals 4, orbicular, 2 mm. long.
2. CALYPTRANTHES Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 79. 1788.
Trees or shrubs; flowers small, in axillary and terminal cymes or panicles;
calyx tube turbinate, the limb closed in bud, in anthesis cirecumscissile and
deciduous; petals 1 or 2 or none; fruit baccate, 2 or 3-celled, usually 1 or
2-seeded.
The flower buds of the Brazilian C. aromatica St. Hil. are used as a spice.
Leaves sessile, cordate at base____-_--_--__----___---___-- 1. C. karwinskyana.
Leaves petiolate, rounded to acute at base.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, 10 to 12.5 em. long, 1.5 to 2 em. wide.
2. C. lindeniana.
Leaves lanceolate to oval. a
Leaves rounded at base, the petioles very short and thick.
3. C. euryphylla.
Leaves acute or obtuse at base, the petioles comparatively long and slender.
THe aves WODtUGE ~~ = 4m. 98 ate ees ee i 4. C. zuzygium.
Leaves acuminate.
Buds glabrous; flowers mostly pedicellate.________ 5. C. schiedeana.
BudS Sericeouss;, LLOWers: SESsile== =o = Se Se a 6. C. pendula.
1. Calyptranthes karwinskyana Berg, Linnaea 29: 214. 1857.
Known only from the type locality, ‘‘ Mesa Chica,” southern Mexico.
Glabrous throughout; leaves ovate-oblong, 9 to 11.5 em. long, 3.5 to 5 ecm.
wide, acuminate, clasping at base; cymes equaling the leaves, the flowers in
clusters of 3 or 5, sessile, the buds 4 mm. long; petals none.
1034 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Calyptranthes lindeniana Berg, Linnaea 29: 213. 1857.
Known only from the type locality, Rio Teapa, Tabasco.
Branchlets strigose-sericeous; petioles 4 mm. long; leaves narrowed to each
end, pilosulous or glabrate; cymes half as long as the leaves, strigose-sericeous ;
buds 8 mm. long; petals none. .
3. Calyptranthes euryphylla Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Catemaco, Veracruz (Nelson 421; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 569276).
Branches terete, gray, glabrous; petioles very stout, 2.6 mm. long or shorter;
leaf blades ovate-elliptic or elliptic-oval, 3.5 to 6.5 em. long, 1.8 to 4 cm. wide,
rounded at base, abruptly short-acuminate at apex, with obtuse tip, coriaceous,
when young minutely strigillose beneath but soon glabrate, the lateral nerves
slender but conspicuous on both surfaces, numerous; cymes equaling or longer
than the leaves, strigillose or glabrate, the flowers sessile; fruit didymous-
globose, about 6 mm. long and 7 mm. broad, 2-celled, 2-seeded.
4. Calyptranthes zuzygium (L.) Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 79. 1788.
Myrtus zuzygium L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1056. 1759.
Michoacin and Tres Marias Islands. Florida and Greater Antilles.
Tree, sometimes 12 meters high; leaves short-petiolate or subsessile, elliptic-
oblong to obovate-elliptic, 3.5 to 7 cm. long, acute at base, coriaceous; cymes
equaling or longer than the leaves, glabrous or nearly so, the flowers mostly
pedicellate; petals none; fruit subglobose, 8 to 10 mm. in diameter.
5. Calyptranthes schiedeana Berg, Linnaea 27: 28. 1854.
Myrcia aromatica Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 415. 1889. Not Calyptranthes
aromatica St. Hil. 1828.
Calyptranthes schlechtendaliana Berg, Linnaea 27: 29. 1854.
Veracruz, the type from Hacienda de la Laguna. Reported from Panama.
Tree or shrub, glabrous throughout; leaves petiolate, broadly elliptic to
lance-oblong, 4.5 to 7.5 em. long, 2 to 4.5 em. wide, acute or obtuse at base;
cymes shorter than the leaves, many-flowered; fruit globose, 4 to 6 mm. in
diameter, 1 to 5-seeded.
G6. Calyptranthes pendula Berg, Linnaea 27: 21. 1854.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from mountains of Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree, 4 to 5 meters high or larger; leaves slender-petiolate,
lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 5 to 11 cm. long, acuminate, in age glabrous or
nearly so; cymes about as long as the leaves, the flowers glomerate, sessile ;
buds about 2 mm. long; petals 1 or 2.
Closely related to C. chytraculia (L.) Swartz, of the West Indies, and per-
haps not distinct.
3. PSIDIUM L. Sp. Pl. 470. 1753.
Trees or shrubs; flowers usually large, the peduncles axillary, 1 to 3-flow-
ered; calyx tube campanulate or urceolate, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes
partly or wholly united before anthesis; petals 4 or 5, spreading, white; fruit
baceate, globose or pyriform, comrhonly 4 or 5-celled, usually large.
Calyx limb at anthesis circumscissile, but remaining attached to the tube on
one side.
heaves? to.4em:. lone, vate. = eee 1. P. sartorianum.
Leaves 5.5 to 15 em. long, oblong or elliptic-oblong__2. P. friedrichsthalianum.
Calyx limb at or before anthesis splitting vertically into lobes.
Calyx open in bud; leaves small, 6.5 cm. long or less, sessile or subsessile.
3. P. oerstedianum.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1035
Calyx closed in bud; leaves usually much larger or, if small, conspic-
uously petiolate.
Lateral nerves of the leaves usually 12 or more, parallel, approximate, im-
pressed above; leaves mostly oblong and rounded or subcordate at
base, pale beneath, the pubescence minute, whitish, usually appressed.
4. P. guajava.
Lateral nerves few, 7 to 10, rarely 12, remote, curved, not impressed above;
leaves mostly elliptic or oblong-elliptic and often narrowed at base,
never pale beneath, the pubescence spreading and often long, commonly
Drow neOr AlvO US ee wert ter ae it) eid ree 5. P. molle.
1. Psidium sartorianum (Berg) Niedenzu in Engl. & Prantl, Pfianzenfam. 37:
69. 1893.
Mitranthes sartoriana Berg, Linnaea 29: 248. 1857.
Tepic to Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Yucatin; type from Mirador, Veracruz.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 15 meters high, the bark gray, smooth; leaves petio-
late, ovate or broadly ovate, acuminate or abruptly acuminate, obtuse or acute
at base, glabrous, the lateral nerves obsolete or nearly so; peduncles axillary,
slender, 1-flowered, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; buds glabrous; fruit subglobose, 1.2 to 2
em. in diameter, greenish yellow, containing several seeds. ‘‘ Pichiché” (Yuca-
tan, Maya); “arrayén” (Jalisco, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Durango) ; ‘‘ guayabillo”
(Guerrero, El] Salvador).
This tree is often planted for its fruit and as an ornamental tree. The
fruit is juicy and has a rich spicy subacid flavor. It is employed chiefly in
making refreshing drinks, and is used either fresh or dried. The bark is em-
ployed for tanning, and the leaves are reputed to have tonic and astringent
properties.
This species has been mentioned in literature as Myrius arrayan H. B. K.,
an error for which Sereno Watson’ seems to have been responsible. He had
little ground for such an identification, except the fact that the vernacular
name “‘arrayin” was applied to both species. Myrtus arrayan is a Peruvian
species, and Watson evidently believed that it had been introduced into Mexico
from South America. Some Mexican writers have been so ignorant of the sig-
nificance of the name array4n that they have suggested that it might be of
Carib origin. It is, however, the name applied in Spain to one of the forms of
Myrtus communis, consequently it is not surprising to find it applied in widely
separated localities of America to other Myrtaceous plants.
2. Psidium friedrichsthalianum (Berg) Niedenzu in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzen-
fam. 37: 69. 1893.
Calyptropsidium friedrichsthalianum Berg, Linnaea 27: 350. 1854.
Oaxaca. Guatemala; cultivated in El Salvador.
Tree, 9 meters high, the branchlets quadrangular, glabrate; petioles 4 to
6 mm. long; leaves thin, acuminate, acute at base, lustrdus, nearly glabrous;
peduncles slender, 1-flowered, 3.5 em. long or less; buds glabrous, cuspidate;
petals 5, suborbicular or oval, 8 to 14 mm. long; fruit oval or globose, yellow.
“Guayaba montés” (Oaxaca); ‘arrayan” (El Salvador).
8. Psidium oerstedianum Berg, Linnaea 27: 360. 1854.
Tepic to Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala and Costa Rica; type from
Guanacaste, Costa Rica.
Leaves oval-oblong, ovate-elliptic, or oval, acute to rounded at apex, rounded
at base, coriaceous, when young usually gray-tomentulose beneath but soon
glabrate, the lateral nerves few, not impressed above; peduncles slender, 1-
flowered; buds tomentulose or glabrate; petals 5.
*Proe. Amer. Acad. 22: 412. 1887.
1036 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Psidium guajava L. Sp. Pl. 470. 1753.
Psidium pyriferum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 672. 1762.
Psidium pomiferum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 672. 1762.
Widely distributed in Mexico, in the southern part probably native, but in
places probably only naturalized; frequent in cultivation. Southern Florida,
West Indies, and Central and South America; cultivated in the Old World
and in many places thoroughly naturalized.
Shrub or tree, sometimes § meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. in diameter;
bark scaly, reddish; branchlets quadrangular, tomentulose; leaves short-petio-
late, 5 to 15 cm. long, acute or obtuse, the upper surface tomentulose when
young but soon glabrate, the lateral nerves very conspicuous beneath; pe-
duncles 1 to 3-flowered; buds tomentulose or glabrate; petals 4 or 5, white,
1.5 to 2 em. long; fruit globose or pyriform, 3 to 6 cm. in diameter, yellow
or pinkish; wood hard, strong, elastic, close-grained, brownish or reddish
gray, its specific gravity about 0.69. Known generally as “guayaba” (the
fruit) and “ guayabo,”’ words of Antillean origin. The following additional
names are reported, some of chem relating to horticultural varieties: “ Jalo-
cote” (from the Nahuatl zal-rocotl, sand sour fruit) ; “ guayabo de venado”
(Colima; a wild form) ; “pichi” (Yucatan, Maya); “guayaba de China”;
“ouayaba colorada’; “ guayaba peruana”’; “ guayaba perulera” (form with
pyriform fruit); “guayaba de gusano” (Nicaragua); “ guayaba manzano”
(Colombia) ; ‘‘ posh,” “ posh-keip” (Mixe, Belmar; former the fruit, latter
the plant); “enandi” (Tarascan, Ledédn); “poos,”’ “ poos-cuy” (fruit and
tree; Zoque, Gonzales) ; “ bayabas” (Philippines, a Tagalog corruption of the
word guayaba).
The name Psidiwm pomiferwn relates to the form with globose fruit;
P. pyriferum to that with pyriform fruit.
The guava is one of the most widely known of tropical fruits, and by
many persons it is highly esteemed. The fruit varies greatly in size; the
flesh is whitish, yellowish, or pink, full of large seeds, of Sweetish or some-
what acid flavor. It has a remarkably strong, musky odor, which is penetrat-
ing and persistent. The fruit is rather insipid when raw, and it is more
commonly eaten cooked, stewed or made into jelly, paste, preserves, and
confections. Guava jelly, particularly, is a noted delicacy. Another species,
P. cattleianum Sabine, the strawberry guava, a native of Brazil, with glabrous
leaves, bears superior fruit, in flavor suggesting a strawberry. It is grown
in the United States and perhaps also in parts of Mexico.
In the warmer parts of Mexico and Central America guava bushes orten form
dense thickets of considerable extent, which are known as “ guayabales.” The
seeds germinate readily, and are spread largely by domestic animals. The
plants possess great vitality and behave like weeds. Many Mexican localities
are noted for the guavas produced there, and the term “ Guayabero” is some-
times applied to thé natives of Cuernavaca, because of the abundance of
guavas in the vicinity.
The wood is said to take a good polish and to be durable when in contact
with the soil, but the trees are usually too small for use. The bark is some-
times employed for tanning. A decoction of the buds is a local remedy in
Mexico for diarrhea; the leaves are reputed to be a remedy for itch; and
a decoction of the astringent bark is applied to ulcers and taken internally
for pains in the stomach.
Guavas are mentioned by all the early writers, as, for instance, Hernindez*
and Acosta. The latter writer, with his customary pessimism, says: “It is
* Thesaurus 84-85. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1037
a tree which is held in low esteem on the mainland and in the islands, for
they say it smells like bugs. The flavor of the fruit is very ordinary and the
flesh unwholesome.”
5. Psidium molle Bertol. Nov. Comm. Acad. Bonon. 4: 44. 1840.
Psidium schiedeanum Berg, Linnaea 27: 368. 1854.
Sinaloa to Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America, the type from Guate-
mala.
Shrub or small tree, often less than a meter high; leaves petiolate, variable
in form, obovate-oblong to elliptic or rounded-obovate, 5 to 12 em. long or
larger, rounded at apex or acute, usually narrowed to the base, tomentulose
above when young but later glabrate, brownish-tomentose beneath, the pu-
bescence sometimes scant in age; peduncles 1 to 3-flowered; buds usually
tomentose, sometimes giabrate; petals white, about 1 cm. long; fruit globose,
about 2.5 cm. in diameter, pale yellow, with whitish pulp. ‘“‘ Guayaba agria”
(Jalisco) ; “ giiisaro” (Costa Rica) ; ‘‘ guayabillo” (El Salvador).
The fruit is very acid and not particularly agreeable. The specimens re-
ferred here are variable in leaf characters, and it is not improbable that they
represent two or more species. On the other hand, it is doubtful whether
P. molie is distinct from P. araca Raddi, a Brazilian species. Some of the
Mexican and Central American material has been referred to the latter.
4. PIMENTA Lindl. Coll. Bot. pl. 19. 1821-25.
1. Pimenta officinalis Lindl. Coll. Bot. pl. 19. 1821-25.
Myrtus pimenta L. Sp. Pl. 472. 1753.
Myritus tabasco Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 542. 1830.
Pimenta officinalis tabasco Berg, Linnaea 27: 425. 1854.
Pimenta pimenta Cockerell, Bull. Torrey Club 19: 95. 1892.
Myrtus piperita Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 136. 1894.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and probably elsewhere. Central America, West
Indies, and northern South America.
Tree, 9 to 12 meters high, the branchlets quadrangular; leaves petiolate,
oblong to Oval-oblong, 9 to 20 cm. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, obtuse or
acute at base, coriaceous, when young sparsely puberulent but soon glabrous;
flowers in short, axillary or subterminal cymes, sericeous; buds about 2 mm.
jong; sepals 4, minute; petals 4, rounded; fruit baccate, 1 or 2-celled, 1 or 2-
seeded, globose, 4 to 8 mm. in diameter. ‘‘ Pimiento” (Oaxaca); “ pimienta
gorda” (Tabasco, Oaxaca, El Salvador, Guatemala) ; “ pimienta de Tabasco”
(Tabasco, Oaxaca); ‘“pimentén” (Tabasco); ‘ xocoxochitl” (Nahuatl) ;
“malagueta” (Tabasco); ‘pimiento oloroso” (Nicaragua); ‘“ Jamaica ”
(Costa Rica).
It is this tree which furnishes the allspice of commerce, and the tree is
culvated for this reason, chiefly in Jamaica. Allspice is the unripe fruit,
dried in the sun. The ripe fruit is blackish brown and very odorous. It
contains an essential oil. The fruit is used in domestic medicine as a stimu-
lant, and it is said to be smoked like tobacco in some regions. The leaves,
either fresh or dried, have a strong, spicy, very agreeable odor. The tree
is described by Hernandez.
1 Thesaurus 30. 1651.
T9BS8—24 13
\
1038 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. MYRTUS L. Sp. Pl. 471. 17583.
Shrubs or trees; peduncles usually axillary and 1-flowered, with 2 bractlets
at apex; flowers 4 or 5-parted; calyx tube turbinate, the lobes imbricate;
petals spreading; fruit baccate, containing 1 or 2 or several seeds.
The Mexican species are difficult to distinguish from those of Hugenia, but
ihe Mexican representatives of the latter genus usually have larger leaves
and fasciculate flowers. The common myrtle of southern Europe and
western Asia, Myrtus communis L. (‘“mirto’) is said to be cultivated oe-
casionally in Mexico. Wreaths of its branches were worn by the Athenian
magistrates and by victors in the Olympic games.
Flowers fasciculate or racemose; leaves oblong-linear________ 1. M. oaxacana.
Flowers solitary; leaves lanceolate or broader.
Calyx lobes suborbicular, rounded at apex.
Heuvess obtuse; slaprouse 2 ee a eee 2. M. ehrenbergii.
Leaves acute, strigiliose beneath!=_-) 7 7" 3. M. ledophylla.
Calyx lobes deltoid or lanceolate, acute or acutish.
Calyx lobes deltoid; petals 6 mm. long____________ 4. M. berlandiereana.
Calyx lobes lance-oblong; petals 3 to 4 mm. long________ 5. M. montana.
1. Myrtus oaxacana Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected between Juchitén and Chivela, Oaxaca (Nelson 2631; U. 8S.
Nat. Herb. no. 566319).
Branches terete, grayish, glabrous, densely leafy; leaves short-petiolate,
oblong-linear or lance-linear, 14 to 40 mm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse,
acute at base, glabrous, densely gland-dotted, the lateral nerves evident, the
margins thickened; flowers partly fasciculate in the axils and partly in few-
flowered racemes, the pedicels slender, 3 to 5 mm. long; bractlets minute;
calyx 1 to 15 mm. long, glabrous, gland-dotted, the 4 lobes semiorbicular,
shorter than the tube; petals glabrous, eciliate, 2.5 mm. long.
The plant is very unlike the other Mexican species of the genus, and it is
not at all certain that it is properly referable to Myrtus. In general appear-
ance, however, it bears more resemblance to some of the South American
species of this genus than to any other Myrtaceous plant seen by the writer.
2. Myrtus ehrenbergii Berg, Linnaea 27: 404. 1854.
San Luis Potosi and perhaps elsewhere, the type collected somewhere in
southern Mexico by Ehrenberg.
Branchlets puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or lance-oblong,
1 to 2.5 em. long, acute or obtuse at base, bright green; pedicels 5 to 14 mm.
long, the bractlets minute; petals rounded, ciliolate; fruit 10 mm. long, con-
taining 1 or several seeds. “Arrayin” (Ramirez).
The aromatic and astringent leaves are said to be used as a tonic.
3. Myrtus ledophylla Standl., sp. nov.
Veracruz; type from San Martin, Zacuapan (Purpus 7804; U. S. Nat. Herb.
no. 877551). é e
Branchlets minutely hirtellous; petioles 1 to 2 mm. long; leaves elliptic to
lanceolate, 1 to 4.5 em. long, 0.5 to 1.4 em. wide, acute or acuminate, rarely
obtuse, obtuse at base, subcoriaceous, sericeous-strigillose beneath or on both
surfaces or finally glabrate, paler beneath, the margins strongly revolute; pedi-
cels solitary, 8 to 15 mm. long, the bractlets rounded-ovate; calyx 3 mm.
long, tomentulose, the lobes semiorbicular; petals ciliolate; fruit 6 mm. long
or larger, 1-seeded.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1039
4, Myrtus berlandiereana Berg, Linnaea 27: 403. 1854.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known, but probably in Veracruz,
Tamaulipas, or San Luis Potosi.
Branchlets puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, crowded, rigid, oblong-lanceo-
late, 1 to 2 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, acute, obtuse at base, pubescent beneath:
when young; pedicels 12 mm. long, the bractlets subulate, 1.5 mm. long; calyx
lobes 5, ciliolate, 2 mm. long; petals oval.
5. Myrtus montana Benth. Pl. Hartw. 61. 1840.
Ugni montana Berg, Linnaea 27: 392. 1854.
Mountains of Oaxaca; type from Monte Pelado, altitude 2,100 meters.
Densely branched shrub, the branchlets covered with short stout white hairs;
leaves short-petiolate, oblong to elliptic, 8 to 18 mm. long, acute or obtuse, acute
at base, coriaceous, strigose beneath along the costa or glabrous, pale be-
neath, the margins revolute; pedicels recurved, 1 to 1.5 em. long, the bractlets
linear, 2 to 4 mm. lIeng; calyx lobes 5, 1.5 mm. long.
Mexican material has been referred to M. friedrichsthaliit (Berg) Donn.
Smith, a species occurring in Guatemala, which is probably not distinct from
M. montana. The latter name, however, is the older one.
6. EUGENIA L. Sp. Pl. 470. 1753.
Shrubs or trees; inflorescence racemose, cymose, corymbose, or fasciculate,
or the flowers rarely solitary; calyx tube globose or turbinate, the limb usually
4-lobate, the lcbes imbricate, commonly suborbicular; petals 4, spreading,
white; ovary 2-celled; fruit drupaceous or baccate, containing 1 or few seeds.
This is the largest genus of the family Myrtaceae, including probably 500
species in tropical America. The species are most abundant in the West Indies
and South America. In Mexico and Central America there are comparatively
few species, but it is likely that the number will be greatly increased by
further exploration. Probably the number represented among the Mexican
collections available for study is greater than in the following list. Several
plants of which specimens have been seen probably belong to distinct species,
but it is not advisable to attempt to describe them until more ample material
has been collected.
The fruit of most of the species is edible, but the amount of flesh is usually
seant, and the seeds large. Hugenia unifiora L., the Surinam cherry, known
in Brazil as “ pitanga,” is cultivated in Florida, the West Indies, and South
America for its edible fruit. This is as much as 2.5 em. in diameter, deep
crimson, juicy, and of good flavor. It is known in Cuba as “ cerezo de Cayena ”
and in El Salvador as “ guinda.”
Salyxabouteel.5: Gms widest. ti se et a et te 1. E. jambos.
Calyx 1 cm. wide or usually much less.
Leaves shallowly cordate at base__-_____________________ 2. E. trunciflora.
Leaves obtuse or acute at base or rarely rounded.
Flowers in cymes, the central flower sessile, or the pedicels sometimes
solitary or fasciculate in the leaf axils, the inflorescence then with-
out a rachis.
Leaves long-acuminate; pedicels filiform______________ 3. E. conzattii.
Leaves rounded to short-acuminate at apex; pedicels stout.
IGIOWETSiIN: GyMeg 2 kel Sted Str 4. E. fragrans.
SAVERS spa SCre ila teen. 2S ee PD Se se ee 5. E. rhombea.
Flowers never in cymes, usually in short or elongate racemes, most or all
of the inflorescences with an evident rachis.
So
1040 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves pilosulous or at least with spreading pubescence on one or both
surfaces, the pubescence sometimes chiefly confined to the costa.
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex.
Leaves 2 to 3 cm. long, very acute at base________ 6. E. mayana.
Leaves 3.5 to 8 cm. long, very obtuse at base______ 7. E. sinaloae.
Leaves acute or acuminate________._.____________._8. E. origanoides.
Leaves glabrous, or sometimes sericeous-strigillose or tomentose, the
pubescence, if any, appressed or closely matted. ;
Inflorescence densely sericeous or tomentose; leaves often covered be-
neath with pale sericeous pubescence.
Leaves narrowly oblong or linear-oblong, rounded at apex.
9. E. avicenniae.
Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic or obovate, or broader, rarely
oblong but then acuminate.
Leaves soon glabrous beneath.
Leaves elliptic or oval, 2 to 3.8 cm. wide____10. E. oaxacana.
Leaves narrowly oblong-elliptic, 1.3 to 2 em. wide.
11. E. inconspicua.
Leaves tomentulose or sericeous beneath at maturity.
Leaves tomentulose beneath with matted hairs
12. E. tomentulosa.
Leaves sericeous with very close, straight hairs.
Leaves acute or obtuse-acuminate.
Leaves elliptic or broadly elliptic_.18. E. guatemalensis.
Leaves’ ODlOn Sea a Naas eee 14, EK. karwinskyana.
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex.
Leaves 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, cuneate-obovate__15. E. rekoi.
Leaves 4 to 6.5 em wide, rounded or obovate-rounded.
16. E. hypargyrea.
Inflorescence glabrous, puberulent, or minutely hirtellous, never
sericeous or tomentose; leaves usually quite glabrous, never
sericeous or tomentose.
° Fruit small, 2.5 to 4 mm. long.
Leaves very obtuse or rounded at apex, 1 to 2.2 cm. long.
17. E. liebmannii.
Leaves attenuate or acuminate at apex, most of them 3 cm. long
Of larger.) 3 2 et oe Ne ae
Fruit large, 6 to 10 mm. long or longer.
budsi4 to’) mm ine diameter. 22 =. See ee 19. E. mexicana.
Buds less than 3 mm. in diameter.
Calyx lobes deltoid, acute or acutish. Leaves rounded or very
obtuse: .at: apex... Boe See, ee 20. E. deltoidea.
Calyx lobes suborbicular, rounded at apex.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, 4.5 to 6.5 em. long, 6 to 9 mm. wide.
21. E. lindeniana.
Leaves lanceolate to elliptic.
Leaves deep green above, much paler beneath.
22. E. xalapensis.
Leaves concolorous or nearly so.
Leaves small, mostly 3 to 4.5 em. long, turning black
when -0ryos2.32-) 22. eee 23. E. axillaris.
Leaves large, mostly 6 to 10 em. long, not turning black
when" driedit¢@ si: {tise pews 24. E. acapulcensis.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1041
1. Eugenia jambos L. Sp. Pl. 470. 1753.
Jambosa vulgaris DC. Prodr. 3: 286. 1828.
Jambosa jambos Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 80. 1900.
Cultivated in Guerrero, Veracruz, Tabasco, and doubtless elsewhere; prob-
ably naturalized locally. Native of southeastern Asia and Australia, but wide-
ly cultivated and naturalized in tropical regions.
Glabrous tree, 6 to 9 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly lanceolate,
12 to 20 em. long, long-attenuate, coriaceous; flowers greenish white, sweet-
scented, in few-flowered terminal cymes, the petals 1.5 to 2 em. long; stamens
very numerous, 3 to 4 em. long; fruit pyriform or subglobose, 3 to 5 em. thick,
white or yellowish, tinged with pink. ‘“‘Pomarosa” (Veracruz, Oaxaca, El
Salvador, Guerrero, Porto Rico) ; ‘“manzana rosa” (El Salvador).
The rose-apple is cultivated for its fruit, which is fragrant like roses. The
fruit is sweet and insipid; it is used locally for making preserves and con-
fectionery. In some parts of the American tropics the tree has become thor-
‘oughly naturalized. In Porto Rico the branches are employed for hoops of
sugar casks and for coarse baskets. The pulverized seeds are employed in
Hl Salvador as a remedy for diabetes, and the wood is used for fuel. The
tree is a handsome one for ornamental planting.
2. Eugenia trunciflora (Schlecht. & Cham.) Berg, Linnaea 27: 223. 1854.
Myrtus truncifiora Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 561. 1830.
Veracruz; type material collected between Mesa Chica and Malpique, and
at Papantla. El Salvador.
Branchlets pilose or glabrate; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-oblong, 12 to
25 em. long, 4 to 10 cm. wide, acuminate, coriaceous, minutely pilosulous be-
neath or glabrate, lustrous above; pedicels fasciculate on the old branches,
the pedicels 8 to 15 mm. long; calyx about 1 cm. wide, the lobes rounded,
ciliate. ‘“‘Ieaco” (El Salvador).
The writer has referred here two specimens from Zacuapan, Veracruz
(Purpus 2434 and 7663). These differ from the original description in hav-
ing pubescent leaves, and they may be specifically distinct.
8. Eugenia conzattii Standl., sp. nov.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Guerrero; type from Apango, Dis-
trito de Pochutla, Oaxaca, altitude 400 meters (Conzatii, Reko & Makrinius
3113; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 763841).
Shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate
to oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, 5 to 8.5 cm. long, 1 to 4 cm. wide, abruptly
acuminate or long-acuminate, with acute or obtuse tip, acute or obtuse at
base, thin; pedicels sometimes fasciculate but most of the flowers in long-
pedunculate 3-flowered cymes, the central flower usually sessile, the lateral
ones filiform-pedicellate; calyx about 3 mm. broad, the lobes rounded, ciliate;
fruit globose, 6 to 8 mm. long, 1-seeded. “ Yagalan” (Oaxaca, Reko).
Galeotti 2882 and 2887 from Oaxaca belong here, also Palmer 148 from
San Luis Potosi, and probably Rovirosa 510 from Tabasco. The specimens
from eastern Mexico have wider leaves than those from Guerrero and Oaxaca,
but probably all are conspecific. Upon the same plant some of the flowers
are solitary and others cymose. The fruit is said to be edible.
4, Eugenia fragrans (Swartz) Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 964. 1800.
Myrtus fragrans Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 79. 1788.
Anamomis fragrans Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 240. 1860.
Tepic, Durango, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz. West Indies.
Shrub or tree; leaves elliptic-oblong to obovate or elliptic, 2.5 to 7 cm.
long, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide, obtuse to rounded at apex, sometimes acutish or emargi-
1042 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
nate, acute or obtuse at base, coriaceous, glabrous; cymes 3 to several-flowered,
or some of the peduncles rarely 1-flowered, the peduncles equaling or shorter
than the leaves; calyx 5 to 7 mm. broad, the tube strigillose, the lobes rounded,
ciliate; petals white; fruit globose, 8 mm. long or larger, containing 2 or
more seeds. “Guayabillo,” “ pimientilla” (Tamaulipas). ,
Palmer reports that this is a tree with compact crown, very thin, smooth,
whitish bark, and fragrant flowers. The wood is used for building huts and
for other purposes.
5. Eugenia rhombea (Berg) Krug & Urb. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 19: 644. 1895.
Eugenia foetida rhombea Berg, Linnaea 27: 212. 1854.
Veracruz. Southern Florida and West Indies; type from Florida.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. in diameter;
bark thin, smooth, light gray or reddish gray; leaves short-petiolate, ovate
or elliptic, 3 to 6 cm. long, obtuse-acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, coria-
ceous, pale, glabrous; pedicels fasciculate, 8 to 15 mm. long; calyx about 5
mm. wide, glabrous; fruit globose, about 1.5 cm. in diameter, orange, reddish,
or black, with thin dry flesh.
Wnown in Florida and the British West Indies as “red stopper” and
* spiceberry.”
6. Eugenia mayana Standl., sp. noy.
Type from Izamal, Yucatén (Gaumer 714; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 571749).
Branches terete, gray, densely puberulent when young; leaves short-petiolate,
oblong-obovate or obovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, rounded or very obtuse at apex,
cuneate-attenuate at base, thin, puberulent, especially on the upper surface,
paler beneath, the margins revolute; flowers in dense axillary and lateral
glomerules, the pedicels 1 to 2 mm. long, puberulent, the bractlets minute,
rounded; calyx about 1 mm. broad, puberulent, the 4 lobes oval, obtuse; petals
about 2 mm. long.
7. Eugenia sinaloae Standl. sp. nov.
Sinaloa; type from Guadalupe (Rose, Standley & Russell 147938; U. 8. Nat.
Herb. no. 637673).
Shrub or small tree, the branches terete, gray, the young ones brown,
densely pilosulous; leaves short-petiolate, oval or oval-obovate, 3.5 to 8 cm.
long, 2 to 4.5 em. wide, rounded at apex, obtuse or rounded at base, minutely
pilosulous at first but sometimes glabrate in age, the margins plane; flowers
glomerate, but the inflorescence with a very short puberulent rachis; fruit
sessile or nearly so, red, 7 to 8 mm. in diameter, 1-seeded. ‘ Guayabillo.”
The leaves are said to be used as a remedy for bronchitis.
8. Eugenia origanoides Berg, Linnaea 29: 229. 1857.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas; type from Papantla, Veracruz.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4.5 meters high, the branchlets fulvous-hirtellous ;
leaves short-petiolate, broadly elliptic to narrowly elliptic-oblong, 5 to 10.5 cm.
long, 2 to 5.5 em. wide, acute or acuminate, acute to rounded at base, rather
thin, deep green above, paler beneath, finely hirtellous or pilosulous, in age
glabrate; flowers white, sweet-scented, densely glomerate; fruit 6 mm. in diam-
eter or larger, red or black, 1 or 2-seeded. “Escobillo”’ (Tabasco) ; “ capulin ”’
(Veracruz; the fruit).
Palmer reports that the edible fruit, which is borne in great profusion, is
sold in large quantities in the market at Tampico. The flowers are much
frequented by bees.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1043
9. Eugenia avicenniae Standl., sp. nov.
Vicinity of Acapulco, Guerrero (type, Palmer 57; U. S. Nat. Herb. no.
266797).
Slender shrub, the branches terete, gray, strigillose when young; petioles
1 to 2 mm. long; leaf blades narrowly oblong or linear-oblong, 3.5 to 6 em.
long, 0.7 to 2.8 em. wide, rounded at apex, slightly narrowed to the obtuse
base, coriaceous, thinly strigillose or glabrate; flowers racemose, the racemes
half as long as the leaves, 4 or 5-flowered, the pedicels 5 to 8 mm. long, fulvous-
sericeous, the bractlets linear, 2 mm. long; calyx 6 to 7 mm. broad, fulvous-
Sericeous, the lobes rounded; fruit 1 cm. long. ‘“ Capulin.”’
Palmer 358 from Acapulco belongs to this species.
10. Eugenia oaxacana Standl., sp. noy.
Oaxaca and perhaps in Morelos; type from San Geronimo, Oaxaca (Purpus
7139; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 567463).
Tree, 6 meters high, the branches terete, grayish, densely brownish-strigillose
when young; petioles 3 to 7 mm. long, broadly elliptic or oval, 3 to 6 em.
long, 2 to 3.8 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse at apex and base, thin, bright green,
subconcolorous, glabrous in age; flowers chiefly in elongate racemes (2 to 3.5
em. long) but partly solitary, the pedicels stout, 2 to 8 mm. long, brownish-
_Strigillose, the bractlets minute, lance-acuminate, caducous; calyx 7 mm.
broad, brownish-sericeous, the lobes broadly rounded, ciliate.
Pringle 7234, from Cuernavaca, is probably referable to this species.
11. Eugenia inconspicua Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Culiacin, Sinaloa (Palmer 1786; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 567797).
Branches terete, gray, cinereous-strigillose when young; petioles 2 to 3 mm.
jong; leaf blades narrowly oblong-elliptic, 2.5 to 5 em. long, 1.3 to 2 em.
wide, narrowed to the obtuse apex, acute or attenuate at base, thin, subcon-
ecolorous, glabrous, at least in age; inflorescence short-racemose, the rachis
2 to 4 mm. long, the fruiting pedicels 5 to 7 mm. long, whitish-strigillose. the
bractlets lance-deltoid, acute, 1.5 mm. long; calyx about 7 mm. broad, the
4 lobes rounded, minutely sericeous; fruit subglobose, 8 mm. long or larger,
glabrate.
12. Eugenia tomentulosa Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Acaponeta, Tepic (Rose 1476; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 300313).
Branches terete, gray, the young ones densely grayish-tomentose; petioles
very stout, 3 to 9 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or obovate, 6.5 to 11.5
em. long, 3 to 5 em. wide, obtuse, acute or obtuse at base, coriaceous, opaque,
when young densely tomentose on both surfaces, in age glabrate, the venation
prominent and reticulate beneath; inflorescence racemose, the racemes 3 to
5-flowered, pedunculate, 3 to 4 cm. long, the pedicels stout, 2 to 5 mm. long,
tomentose, the bractlets subulate, caducous; calyx 7 to 10 mm. broad, tomen-
tose, the 4 lobes rounded.
13. Eugenia guatemalensis Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 23: 245. 1897.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca. Guatemala and Hl Salvador; type from Santa Rosa,
Guatemala.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 7 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, mostly elliptic, 3.5
to 8.5 em. long, 1.5 to 5.5 em. wide, shortly obtuse-acuminate, acute to very
obtuse at base, finely sericeous when young, in age usually glabrate above;
flowers in short, dense or lax racemes, or glomerate; calyx about 5 mm.
broad, sericeous; fruit oval, 8 to 14 mm. long, black at maturity, 1-seeded.
““Guayabillo’”’ (Sinaloa); “ capulin” (Guerrero) ; “ guacuco” (El Salvador).
1044 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The wood is used in Sinaloa for fence posts. It is not at all certain that
all the specimens referred here are conspecific, but without more ample ma-
terial (eight sheets have been seen) it does not seem advisable to attempt —
“any segregations.
%-, =85
14, Eugenia karwinskyana Berg, Linnaea 29: 244. 1857.
Type from river banks near Huejutla, Hidalgo.
Branchlets silvery-sericeous; leaves oblong, 5 to 10 em. long, 2 to 3.5 em.
wide, acuminate, acute at base, thin, silvery-sericeous when young, glabrate
in age; racemes 2 to 5 em. long, 6 to 24-flowered; sepals 4, 1 mm. long; fruit
depressed-globose, 6 mm. in diameter.
The writer has seen no specimens which agree with the original description.
15. Eugenia rekoi Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Cafetal Apango, Cerro Huatulco, Oaxaca, altitude 400 meters
(Reko 3356; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 842489).
Branchlets brownish, strigillose when young; petioles 2 to 3 mm. long;
leaf blades mostly cuneate-obovate, 45 to 6 em. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide,
rounded or very obtuse at apex, cuneate at base, chartaceous, paler beneath,
very minutely strigillose, glabrate in age; flowers glomerate or in very short
racemes with nearly obsolete rachis, the pedicels 2 to 3 mm. long, brown-
sericeous; calyx lobes rounded, brown-sericeous.
16. Eugenia hypargyrea Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Ternera, Zacuapan, Veracruz (Purpus 6171; U. S. Nat. Herb.
no. 464686).
Branches brown or gray, the young ones compressed, sericeous; petioles
very stout, 5 to 8 mm. long; leaf blades suborbicular to rounded-obovate, 6
to 10 em. long, 4 to 6.5 em. wide, broadly rounded at apex, subacute to very
obtuse at base, coriaceous, green and glabrous above, densely covered be-
neath with minute whitish sericeous pubescence; flowers fasciculate or short-
racemose, the pedicels stout, 3 to 6 mm. long; fruit globose-oval, about 1 cm.
long, 1-seeded.
17. Eugenia liebmannii Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Villa Alta, Oaxaca (Liebmann 3969; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 1012959).
Branches slender, terete, grayish, the young ones brownish, compressed,
minutely puberulent; petioles 2 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-elliptic or el-
liptic, 1 to 2.2 em. long, 0.7 to 1.2 cm. wide, rounded or very obtuse at apex,
obtuse at base, thin, glabrous, deep green above, paler beneath and black-
punctate; flowers fasciculate or racemulose, the rachis of the raceme 3 mm.
long or less; pedicels very slender, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, puberulent, the bractlets
minute, rounded; fruit depressed-globose, 5 mm. broad, 4 mm. long, 1-seeded.
18. Eugenia capuli (Schlecht. & Cham.) Berg, Linnaea 27: 238. 1854.
Myrtus capuli Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 561. 1830.
Eugenia schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 138: 418. 1839.
Eugenia capuli micrantha Berg, Linnaea 27: 239. 1854.
Eugenia capuli macroterantha Berg, Linnaea 27: 239. 1854.
?Bugenia calycorectoides Berg, Linnaea 29: 236. 1857.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type from Papantla, Veracruz.
Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4.5 meters high, with slender branches and dense
crown; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, mostly 3 to 5.5 cm. long, obtuse-
acuminate, acute at base, dark green, usually glabrous; flowers fasciculate
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1045
or in very short racemes, slender-pedicellate, the pedicels 2 to 5 mm. long;
fruit subglobose, 3 to 4 mm. in diameter, red turning black. ‘“ Capulfn”
(Tamaulipas, Oaxaca, Veracruz); “ yagalin” (Oaxaca, Conzatti).
The fruit is edible, but the pulp is very scant. The wood is useful only for
fuel.
19. Eugenia mexicana Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 603. 1840.
Hugenia macrocarpa Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 560. 1830. Not H. macrocarpa
Roxb. 1814.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Shrub or small tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves
petiolate, broadly elliptic, 6 to 8.5 cm. long, 2.5 to 5 em. wide, abruptly obtuse-
acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, bright green above, paler yellow-green
beneath, thin; racemes short and dense, 4 to 8-flowered, about equaling the
petiole, the flowers subsessile; flowers about 8 mm. broad; fruit 1-seeded.
20. Eugenia deltoidea Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected between San Marcos and Copala, Guerrero, altitude 6U to
150 meters (Nelson 2292; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 569295).
Branches terete, gray, the young ones compressed, brownish, glabrous;
petioles slender, 4 to 6 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic-oblong to oval-elliptic,
5 to 6 em. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, very obtuse or rounded at apex, obtuse
at base, subcoriaceous, glabrous, brownish beneath when dry and densely
black-puncticulate; inflorescence racemulose, dense, 1.5 cm. long or less, the
racemes with 10 or fewer flowers, the pedicels 1 to 3 mm. long, glabrous;
bractlets deltoid or rounded-deltoid, acute or obtuse; calyx 2.5 mm. broad,
glabrous, the lobes deltoid, acute to subobtuse, ciliolate; petals densely
puncticulate. 5
21. Eugenia lindeniana Berg, Linnaea 29: 240. 1857.
Type from Teapa, Tabasco.
Branchlets minutely puberulent; leaves linear-lanceolate, attenuate to each
end, subobtuse at apex, thin, when young puberulent along the costa but
soon glabrous; racemes slender, 4 to 6-flowered, about as long as the petiole,
the pedicels 3 to 4 mm. long, puberulent.
Known to the writer only from the original description.
22. Eugenia xalapensis (H. B. K.) DC. Prodr. 3: 276. 1828.
Myrtus xalapensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 145. 1823.
Veracruz; reported from Oaxaca; type from Jalapa.
Shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout; leaves petiolate, narrowly or
broadly elliptic, 3 to 5.5 em. long, 1.3 to 3 cm. wide, abruptly obtuse-acuminate
or cuspidate-acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, dark green above, pale yel-
lowish green beneath; racemes 3 to 9-flowered, short and dense, the pedicels
1.5 to 3 mm. long; fruit subglobose, 8 to 14 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Reyan”
(Oaxaca, Conzatti).
23. Eugenia axillaris (Swartz) Willd. Sp. Pl. 2: 970. 1800.
Myrtus azillaris Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 78. 1788.
Veracruz and Yucatin. Southern Florida; West Indies and Central America.
Shrub, or sometimes a tree 8 meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. in diameter;
bark thin, light brown, shallowly fissured; leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic,
rather long-petiolate, obtuse or acutish, acute or obtuse at base, glabrous;
flowers in small dense clusters as long as the petioles or shorter; corolla 3 to
4 mm. broad; fruit globose, 10 to 12 mm. in diameter, the thin flesh sweet, aro-
79688—24——_14
1046 ‘ CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
matic; wood hard, strong, close-grained, brown or reddish brown, its specific
gravity about 0.91. ‘‘ Guayacin negro,” ‘“‘escobo” (El Salvador).
Known in Florida as “white stopper.” The leaves have an unpleasant odor.
The Mexican material may be different from that of the West Indies.
24. Eugenia acapulcensis Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 601. 1840.
Myrtus maritima H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 6: 146. 1823.
Bugenia maritima DC. Prodr. 3: 282. 1828. Not EH. maritima DC. Prodr. 3:
227. 1828.
?Hugenia colipensis Berg, Linnaea 29: 243. 1857. ,
Sinaloa to Morelos and Chiapas; type from Acapulco, Guerrero. The type of
E. colipensis is from Colipa, Veracruz.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 12 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to el-
liptic-oblong or oval-elliptic, acute or obtuse, rarely obtuse-acuminate, acute to
rounded at base, glabrous, brownish beneath when dry; flowers white, race-
mulose, the racemes about as long as the petioles, dense, the pedicels glabrous
or puberulent; fruit red or black, usually oval, 8 to 15 mm. long. ‘“‘ Capulin ”’
(Guerrero).
The edible fruit is sold in the markets. The material referred here is
rather variable and may represent two or more species.
7. MYRCIA DC.; Guillem. Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 11: 378. 1826.
Trees or shrubs; flowers small, in axillary and terminal, loose panicles;
calyx tube turbinate or hemispheric, the lobes 5; petals 5, spreading; fruit
baccate, usually 2-celled.
The fruit of M. coriacea Vahl, of the West Indies, is said to be used medici-
nally, and its bark for tanning, while the wood yields a dye.
Leaves acute or very shortly acuminate, pilose beneath; branches of the in-
florescence with spreading pubescence____________________ 1. M. rufidula.
Leaves very long cuspidate-acuminate, glabrous beneath except along the
costa; pubescence of the inflorescence appressed______ 2. M. oerstediana.
1. Myrcia rufidula Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 416. 1839.
Myrcia sartoriana Berg, Linnaea 29: 220. 1857.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Small tree, the branchlets pilose; leaves nearly sessile, lance-oblong to oblong-
ovate, 5 to 13 em. long, rounded or obtuse at base, glabrate on the upper sur-
face, paler beneath; panicles few or many-flowered, equaling or shorter than the
leaves; buds 2 mm. long; petals suborbicular, white, sericeous outside.
2. Myrcia oerstediana Berg, Linnaea 27: 112. 1854.
Oaxaca. Costa Rica, the type from Cartago.
Branchlets appressed-pilose at first but soon glabrate; leaves subsessile,
narrowly lance-oblong, 6 to 12.5 em. long, acute or obtuse at base, thin,
glabrous above; panicles very lax, shorter than the leaves, the flowers slender-
pedicellate; buds 1.5 to 2 mm. long; fruit 6 to 12 mm. long, 1-seeded. ‘“ Yaga-
lan” (Oaxaca, Zapotee, Reko); “turro” (Costa Rica).
123. MELASTOMACEAE. Meadow-beauty Family.
REFERENCE: Cogniaux in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7. 1891.
Shrubs or trees, or sometimes herbs, usually erect, rarely epiphytic; leaves.
opposite, entire or toothed, commonly 3 to 9-nerved, in one genus pinnate-
nerved, estipulate; flowers perfect, showy or inconspicuous, commonly white,
pink, red. purple, or yellow: calyx tube free or adnate to the ovary, the limb
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1047
truncate, lobed, or calyptriform; petals as many as the calyx lobes, inserted
on the limb of the calyx; stamens as many or twice as many as the petals;
style simple, the stigma capitate or punctiform; fruit baccate or capsular, 2 to
many-celled.
One of the largest families of American plants, in Mexico confined chiefly
to the truly tropical, and generally humid portions of the southern states.
Since nearly all the Mexican representatives of the family are woody, it has
seemed advisable to include in the present treatment the herbaceous species
as well.
One class of terms used in describing the nervation of the leaves in this
family should be explained here: Three-nerved or 5-nerved leaves are those in
which all the nerves arise from the base of the blade; triplinerved or quintupli-
nerved leaves are those in which the lateral nerves have their origin above the
base of the blade.
Fruit capsular; stamens usually unequal.
Capsuler3-winged, dilatedvat apexso2).-s<2--- +5. seu 13. TRIOLENA.
Capsule terete or angulate, acute or obtuse at apex.
Connective of the anther usually long-produced below the base of the
anther.
Seeds oblong or ovoid.
PNITUHEES SOStEALC Ss ats ote ee seine le eae i Se 1. RHYNCHANTHERA.
AM iNErSECLOStrAtGme wes. me ee le ee 2. CENTRADENTA.
Seeds cochleate.
Stamens very unequal; connective of the larger anthers with 2 elon-
gate appendages.
Lobes of the calyx much shorter than the tube.
3. ARTHROSTEMMA.
Lobes equaling the tube or nearly so.
Connective of the smaller anthers bilobate anteriorly; connec-
tive of the larger anthers bifid or with 2 long spurs anteriorly.
4, ACISANTHERA.
Connective of the smaller anthers not bilobate, that of the larger
anthers with an elongate bifid appendage.
5. HETEROCENTRON.
Stamens subequal, the anthers all of about the same size, the con-
nective merely biauriculate or bituberculate.
Ovarys clabrous faith apexcewe pa sawes lt ee i eae i 6. ACIOTIS.
Ovary setose at apex.
Calyx tube with 8 very broad, thick tuberculate-setose r‘bs.
7. SCHWACKAEA,
Calyx tube with very slender nervelike ribs.
Calyx lobes alternating with penicillate-stellate bristles.
8. PTEROLEPIS.
Calyx lobes without intermediate bristles _-9. TIBOUCHINA.
Connective of the anther not conspicuously produced below the base of
the anther.
CGMS COCM Cetera see ee eae he eee eran ae eee 10. MONOCHAETUM.
Seeds ovoid or fusiform.
Plants scandent; calyx limb shallowly 5-lobate__11. ADELOBOTRYS.
Plants erect; calyx limb circumscissile________ 12. CALYPTRELLA.
Fruit baecate or coriaceous and rupturing irregularly; stamens equal or
nearly so.
heaves: pinnate-neryved@. ster 2. atu tenes dats See eee 24, MOURIRIA.
1048 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves longitudinally 3 to 9-nerved.
Leaves closely transverse-striolate between the primary nerves.
Filaments very thick; anthers short, obtuse____..-_______ 22. BLAKEA.
Filaments filiform; anthers subulate___________________ 23. TOPOBEA.
Leaves not striolate.
Inflorescence terminal.
Petals acutetie: a3 sod. ee petra ata a ae 14, LEANDRA.
Petals obtuse.
Calyx limb calyptriform, circumscissile_________ 15. CONOSTEHGIA.
Calyx limb truncate or lobate, open in bud, not circumscissile.
Outer calyx lobes none or inconspicuous_________ 16. MICONTIA.
Outer calyx lobes larger than the inner ‘ones.
17. HETEROTRICHUM.
Inflorescence axillary or lateral.
BE ERIN S 4554 CUNT ae te Se 18. OSSAEA.
Petals obtuse.
Leaves with large inflated bladder-like appendages at base.
19. MAIETA.
Leaves not appendaged. -
Anthers linear-subulate, with 1 pore at apex_____ 20. CLIDEMTA.
Anthers short, obtuse, with 2 pores at apex______ 21. BELLUCTIA.
1. RHYNCHANTHERA DC. Prodr. 3: 106. 1828.
1. Rhynchanthera mexicana DC. Prodr. 3: 108. 1828.
Rhynchanthera insignis Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 12: 210. 1849.
Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere. Panama.
Slender shrub, the branches glandular-hirtellous, terete; leaves long-petio-
late, lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 6 to 14 cm. long, long-acuminate, 7 or 9-nerved,
rounded or subeordate at base, hispidulous, serrulate; flowers in axillary
cymes; calyx tube 5 mm. long, the lobes subulate, 5 to 9 mm. long; petals
purple-violet, 3 em. long, acutish; stamens 10, one of them much larger than
_ the others, rostrate ; capsule subglobose, 5 to 7 mm. in diameter.
2. CENTRADENIA G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2: 755. 1832.
Herbs or small shrubs, alternately branched; leaves petiolate, very unequal
at base, entire; flowers small, pink or white, in corymbiform cymes, 4-parted ;
petals obovate or rounded; stamens unequal, the anthers obtuse, the con-
nective produced below, bearing a clavate or bilobate appendage; capsule 4-
celled, the seeds minute.
REGIS MLDS sa ee ee eee 1. C. chiapensis.
Stems puberulent, pilose, or hirtellous.
Stems). clandular-pilose, WwilteGe == s=o= = ane ee 2. C. grandifolia.
Stems hirtellous or puberulent, the pubescence not glandular; stems not
winged. 3
Pedicels glandular-pilose; leaves 1.5 to 3 em. wide______ 3. C. salicifolia.
Pedicels without glandular pubescence; leaves mostly less than 1 cm. wide.
4. C. inaequilateralis.
1. Centradenia chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 501. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro del Boquer6én, Chiapas.
Stems 30 em. high, 4-angulate; leaves ovate-acuminate, 13 cm. long and 4 em.
wide or smaller, cuneate at base, hirtellous above, pilose beneath along the
nerves; calyx 6 mm. long, glabrous; petals 4 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1049
2. Centradenia grandifolia (Schlecht.) Endl. Gen. Pl. 1207. 1836-50.
Playiophyllum grandifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 429. 1839.
Type from Chiconquiaco, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Stems 30 to 50 cm. high; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 7 to 11 cm. long and 2 to
8 ecm. wide or smaller, acuminate, pilosulous; cymes many-flowered; petals 8
mm. long.
8. Centradenia salicifolia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 379. 1915.
Known only from the type locality, wet rocky slopes of the Sierra Madre
above Misantla, Veracruz.
Stems suffrutescent, puberulent or glabrate; leaves lanceolate, 13 cm. long
or less, nearly glabrous; cymes lax, many-flowered; calyx sparsely setose;
petals purplish, 6 to 7 mm. long.
4. Centradenia inaequilateralis (Schlecht. & Cham.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 2:
755. 1832.
Rhevia inaequilateralis Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 567. 1830.
Plagiophyllum parvifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 428. 1839.
Centradenia rosea Lindl. Bot. Reg. 29: pl. 20. 1843.
Veracruz; type from Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco. Central America.
Plants very slender, 30 to 80 cm. high, often suffrutescent, short-hirtellous;
leaves mostly 2 to 4 cm. long, sometimes larger, narrowly lanceolate, sparsely
hirtellous or glabrate; calyx hirtellous; petals 5 to 6 mm. long, purplish pink.
3. ARTHROSTEMMA Ruiz & Pay. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 4: pl. 326. 1802.
Plants herbaceous or sometimes suffrutescent at base, dichotomous; leaves
petiolate, 5 or 7-nerved, serrulate; flowers terminal, cymose, pink or purple,
4-parted; calyx glabrous, the tube narrow, the lobes very short; petals obo-
vate; anthers obtuse, the connective of the larger ones produced below the
cells, with a filiform anterior appendage; capsule 4-valvate.
Stamens, all of about’ equal length: . 222" 2202 2 1. A. fragile.
Stamens very unequal, the larger ones twice as long as the others.
2. A. campanulare.
1. Arthrostemma fragile Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. 3: 74 1848.
Heteronoma galeottianum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 151. 1850.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America; Cuba.
Stems succulent, glabrous or sparsely glandular-pilose; leaves oblong-ovate,
8 to 6.5 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at base, 5-nerved; calyx 7 to 9 mm. long;
petals pink, 2 to 2.5 cm. long; capsule 10 to 12 mm. long. ‘“ Jazmin montés”
(El Salvador).
2. Arthrostemma campanulare (Naud.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 35.
1871. :
Heteronoma campanulare Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 14: 153. 1850.
Chiapas. Central America and northern South America.
Branches sparsely glandular-pilose when young or glabrous; leaves ovate or
oblong-ovate, 4 to 6 cm. long acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, 5-
nerved; calyx 7 to 8 mm. long; petals purple, 1.5 to 2 em. long; capsule about
1.5 em. long.
4. ACISANTHERA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 85. 1708.
1. Acisanthera quadrata Juss.; Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 1: 111. 1810.
Rhezia acisanthera L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 998. 1759.
Guerrero and Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America.
1050 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Plants herbaceous, usually much branched, the stems glandular-pilose; leaves
petiolate, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, 1 to 1.5 cm.
long, serrulate; flowers solitary; calyx tube 3 mm. long; petals pink or purple,
6 mm. long.
5. HETEROCENTRON Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 290. 1840.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves 3-nerved or pinnate-nerved; flow-
ers solitary or paniculate, 4-parted; calyx tube ovoid or hemispheric, the
lobes triangular, acute, about as long as the tube; petals ovate or obovate;
stamens very unequal, the connective of the larger anther long-produced be-
low the cells and appendaged ; capsule 4-valvate.
The following species are all that are known.
Flowers solitary.
Calyx glandular-setose; leaves 3-nerved____--__--__-_________ 1. H. elegans.
Calyx setulose with glandular hairs; leaves pinnate-nerved.
2. H. suffruticosum.
Flowers paniculate.
Pedicels glabrous.
Pedicels in anthesis little if at all exceeding the calyx tube; calyx lobes
Lan Ge-trian gail assests ee ee ee eee 3. H. subtriplinervium.
Pedicels in anthesis more than twice as long as the calyx tube; calyx
NODES INC acts 2 ee oe a Re a es 4, H. laxiflorum.
Pedicels setulose.
Calyx tube glandular-setulose.
Galyxlobesu Not. Ciliahe se an tea eae a ee 5. H. axillare.
Calyx lobes usually conspicuously ciliate___________ 6. H. mexicanum.
Calyx tube without gland-tipped hairs.
Seales at apex of the ovary not ciliate.
Calyx tube 3 mm. long; leaves 1 to 2.5 cm. wide________ 7. H. roseum,
Calyx tube 4 to5 mm. long; leaves 2.5 to 3 cm. wide_8. H. occidentale.
Seales setose-ciliate.
Branches conspicuously winged___------------_____--- 9. H. alatum.
Branches moet) winged =e — tt 10. H. macrostachyum.
1. Heterocentron elegans (Schlecht.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 247. 1891.
Heeria elegans Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 432. 1839.
Heeria procumbens Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 151. 1850.
Schizocentron elegans Meisn. Gen. Comm. 355. 1843.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Stems prostrate, herbaceous or suffrutescent, appressed-setulose; leaves
broadly ovate, 5 to 12 mm. long, obtuse or acute, crenulate, ciliate; flowers long-
pedicellate; calyx tube densely glandular-setulose, the hairs with enlarged
bases; petals 10 to 12 mm. long, bright crimson; scales at apex of ovary ciliate.
This plant has been cultivated in the United States under the names “ crim-
son creeper,” and Heeria mexicana.
2. Heterocentron suffruticosum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 57.
1914.
Type from Cerro del Boquer6n, Chiapas.
Stems decumbent, suffrutescent, appressed-setulose, the roots tuberiferous ;
‘leaves broadly ovate or rounded, 3 to 5.5 em. long, rounded or very obtuse at
apex, entire, sparsely appressed-setulose ; flowers long-pedicellate; petals pink
or purple, 14 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1051
3. Heterocentron subtriplinervium (Link & Otto) A. Br. Ind. Sem. Hort.
Berol. App. 3. 1851.
Melastoma subirepliner via Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. pl. 24. 1841.
Heeria subtriplinervia Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 34. 1871.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Stems erect or decumbent, chiefly herbaceous, sparsely setulose; leaves
elliptic-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, acute, 9 to 138-nerved,
attenuate at base; petals white, about 1 em. long. ‘‘Cafa de venado”
(Veracruz).
Said to be employed in Veracruz as a remedy for gonorrhoea.
4, Heterocentron laxiflorum Standl., sp. nov.
Type from El Ocote, Cerro Pedregoso, Michoacin or Guerrero (Langlassé
5386; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 386019).
Stems suffrutescent, quadrangular, 1.5 meters high, sparsely appressed-
setulose; leaves slender-petiolate, lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, 3 to 5 em.
long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, acute, attenuate at base, pinnate-nerved, thin, ciliate,
sparsely appressed-setulose; panicles many-flowered, the branches very slender,
glabrous, the pedicels filiform, curved, 7 to 10 mm. long; calyx tube 2.5 mm.
long, glabrous or sparsely short-setulose with eglandular hairs, the lobes 4 to
5 mm. long, linear or nearly so, eciliate; petals white, 7 to 8 mm. long;
capsule about 5 mm. long, the lobes eciliate.
5. Heterocentron axillare Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 155. 1850.
Heterocentron alpestre Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. 111. 14: 156. 1850.
Heterocentron glandulosum Schenck in Regel, Gartenfl. 1856: 227. pl. 169.
1856.
Heeria avxiliaris Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 138. 1891.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America.
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, appressed-setulose; leaves elliptic-oblong
or ovate-oblong, 3 to 6.5 em. long, acute, entire, densely setulose; petals pink,
6 to 8 mm. long.
6. Heterocentron mexicanum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 290. 1840.
Heterocentron undulatum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 155. 1850.
Heeria undulata Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 34. 1871.
Sinaloa, Durango, Tepic, Jalisco, and Guerrero; type from the Sierra Madre.
Stems chiefly herbaceous, erect, appressed-setulose; leaves oblong to elliptic,
3 to 7 em. long, obtuse or acute, eee setulose; petals white or pink,
5 to 8 mm. long.
7. Heterocentron roseum A. Br. & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 14. 1851.
Heeria rosea Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 34. 1871.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Honduras.
Stems appressed-setulose, acutely quadrangular; leaves oblong or oblong-
ovate, 3 to 5 em. long, acute, attenuate at base; petals white or pink, about
§ mm. long.
In Guanajuato, where the plant is cultivated, it is said to be known as
*perla de Cuba.”
8. Heterocentron occidentale Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 827. 1905.
Type collected between Pedro Paulo and an Blascito, Tepic.
Stems suffrutescent, about 2 meters high, densely appressed-setulose; leaves
ovate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 8 em. long, acute, densely appressed-setulose ; petals
white, 8 to 10 mm. long.
1052 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
9. Heterocentron alatum Rose & Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected near San Juan Guichicovi, Oaxaca (Nelson 2728; U. S. Nat.
Herb. no. 842869).
Stems 4-angled, with a conspicuous green wing along each angle, ap-
pressed-setulose; leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic-oblong or oblong-ovate, 3.5
to 6 em. long, 1.5 to 2.3 cm. wide, acute, attenuate at base, pinnate-nerved,
appressed-setulose ; panicles many-flowered, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx
tube 3 mm. long, with a few short stiff hairs, the lobes 4 to 5 mm. long, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, obscurely cliolate; petals white, about 1 cm. long;
capsule 6 mm. long, the apical scales setose-ciliate.
10. Heterocentron macrostachyum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 155. 1850.
Heeria macrostachya Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 34. 1871.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala and El Salvador.
Stems appressed-setulose, quadrangular ; leaves elliptic-ovate or ovate-oblong,
8 to 7 em. long, obtuse or acute, attenuate at base; petals white or lilac,
7 to 8 mm. long.
6. ACIOTIS D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 300. 1823.
1. Aciotis rostellata (Naud.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 29: 51. 1871.
Spennera rostellata Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 148. 1850.
Tabasco. Guatemala and Nicaragua.
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, 30 to 60 cm. high, acutely tetragonous,
shortly glandular-pilose above; leaves ovate-oblong, 7-nerved, 5 to 7 cm. long,
acuminate, pilosulous, entire; flowers 4-parted, paniculate; calyx 1.5 mm. long;
petals white, 2 mm. long; capsule 2.5 mm. thick.
7. SCHWACKAEA Cogn. in Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 132. 1888.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Schwackaea cupheoides (Benth.) Cogn. in Durand, Ind. Gen. Phan. 132.
1888.
Heeria cupheoides Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 93. pl. 33. 1844.
Pterogastra cupheoides Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 122. 1854.
Acisanthera simpler T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 57. 1914.
Oaxaca and Chiapas. Central America; type from Panama.
Slender annual, 10 to 30 em. high, the branches setulose at the nodes, else-
where glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long, acute, 3-nerved, entire,
pilosulous; flowers 4-parted, solitary or in terminal cymes; calyx in fruit 1
em. long, the tube with 8 thick ribs, these setose-tuberculate; petals 6 to 7
mm. long. ‘“ Sulfatillo,” “sulfato de la tjerra,” “ pollito” (El Salvador).
8. PTEROLEPIS Mig. Comm. Phytogr. 73. 1840.
Herbs, rarely suffrutescent; leaves entire, 3 or 5-nerved; flowers 4-parted,
small, axillary or terminal, solitary or glomerate; calyx lobes rigid, persistent,
alternating with bristles; petals obovate, obtuse, ciliate; capsule 4-valvate.
Connective of the larger anthers much shorter than the anther___1. P. exigua.
Connective nearly as long as the anther.
Anthers linear-subulate; calyx tube 4 mm. long___-__-____ 2. P. trichotoma.
Anthers oblong; calyx tube 2 to 2.5 mm. long________________ 3. P. pumila.
1. Pterolepis exigua (Naud.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 39. 1871.
Arthrostemma exiguum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 13: 355. 1850.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from mountains of Oaxaca. Costa Rica.
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1053
STANDLEY
Stems sparsely branched or simple, appressed-setose; leaves lance-oblong, 1
to 8 cm. long, acute, setose; calyx tube 3 mm. long; petals pink, 5 to 6 mm.
long.
2. Pterolepis trichotoma (Rottb.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14°: 261. 1885.
Rhezxia trichotoma Rottb. Descr. Pl. Surin. 9. pl. 5. 1776.
Rhezria ladanoides Rich. in Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 2: 72. pl. 27.
1823.
Pterolepis ladanoides Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 39. 1871.
Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere. Central and South America.
Stems herbaceous, 20 to 30 em. high, appressed-setose; leaves lanceolate or
lance-oblong, 3 to 8 em. long, short-petiolate; petals pink, 8 to 10 mm. long.
8. Pterolepis pumila (DC.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14°: 263. 1885.
Osbeckia pumila DC. Prodr. 3: 141. 1828.
Reported from Oaxaca. Central and South America.
Leaves short-petiolate or subsessile, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1.5 to
2.5 em. long, setose-pilose; petals pink, 5 to 6 mm. long.
9. TIBOUCHINA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 445. 1775.
Shrubs or rarely herbs; leaves 3 or 5-nerved, entire or serrulate; flowers
5-parted, solitary or in terminal panicles; calyx tube oblong or urceolate, the
lobes narrow, persistent or deciduous; petals obovate; stamens unequal or
subequal, the anthers similar, the connective produced below the cells but
sometimes very shortly so; capsule 5-valvate.
Calyx with gland-tipped hairs.
Pubescence of the young branches widely spreading _______ 1. T. purpusii.
Pubescence of the young stems appressed.
Hairs on the upper surface of the leaf and on the stems long and slender.
2. T. galeottiana.
Hairs on the leaves and stems short, thickened at base__8. T. durangensis.
Calyx with eglandular hairs. ;
Connective of the larger anthers long-produced at the base (about 2 mm.
or more).
Pubescence of the stems spreading_-______---_-____-__---_- 4. T. rufipilis.
Pubescence of the stems appressed_-_-__--__-_______--.-_ 5. T. mexicana.
Connective very shortly produced (1 mm. or less).
Stamens equal in length or nearly so.
Lobes of the calyx shorter than the tube____--______ 6. T. bourgaeana.
Lobes equaling or longer than the tube.
Hairs of the stem short, closely appressed; leaves serrulate.
7. T. naudiniana.
Hairs of the stem long, ascending, not closely appressed; leaves
TISUA by CIEDRG.: Se eek Ree are es eee Lean 8. T. longifolia.
’ Stamens very unequal.
Hairs of the stem closely appressed_-______--_______-_ 9. T. schiedeana.
Hairs of the stem spreading or ascending, not appressed.
Lobes of the calyx equaling or longer than the tube.
Calyx lobes linear____-__ el ee ee 10. T. scabriuscula.
Calyx ‘lobes; linear-spatulares se. 2 As ee eee 11. T. spathulata.
Lobes shorter than the tube.
Calyx tube 6 mm. long, the lobes 3 mm. long____12. T. ferrariana.
Calyx tube 5 mm. long, the lobes 3 to 4 mm. long__13. T. monticola.
1054 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Tibouchina purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 378. 1913.
Hidalgo, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type collected in the Sierra Madre between
Misantla and Naolinco, Veracruz.
Branches densely setose; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long,
acuminate, setose, serrulate; flowers in small panicles; calyx tube 5 mm.
long, the lobes shorter, linear-lanceolate; petals pink, about 1 cm. long.
2. Tibouchina galeottiana (Naud.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 258. 1891.
Oreocosmus galeottianus Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 18: 38. 1850.
Pleroma galeottianum Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 46. 1871.
Type collected between Tampico, Tamaulipas, and Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
Stems chiefly herbaceous, 20 to 40 cm. high; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5-
nerved, 2 to 4 cm. long, serrulate, setulose beneath along the nerves; calyx
tube 5 to 6 mm. long, the lobes 3 to 4 mm. long, subobtuse.
3. Tibouchina durangensis Standl., sp. nov.
Type from San Ramon, Durango (Palmer 168; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 571184).
Stems quadrangular, when young covered with very short thick appressed
hairs; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, 1.2 to 3 cm. wide, acute
or acuminate, rounded at base, 5-nerved, serrulate, setulose-scabrous, deep
green above, pale beneath; flowers in few-flowered terminal panicles; calyx
tube 7 mm. long, thinly glandular-setulose with short stout purplish hairs, the
lobes oblong-triangular, acute or obtuse, 2.5 to 3 mm. long; petals purple,
about 1 em. long; stamens very unequal, the larger anthers subulate, 7 to 8
mm. long, the connective produced below into a stipe 5 mm. long, the smaller
anthers 5 mm. long.
4. Tibouchina rufipilis (Schlecht.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 259. 1891.
Rhezia rufipilis Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 4380. 1839.
Pleroma rufipile Triana, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 28: 46. 1871.
Veracruz; type from Monte Macultepec, Jalapa.
Slender shrub, the stems rufous-setose; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 8 em.
long, acuminate, 5-nerved, serrulate, setulose; flowers mostly in 3-flowered
cymes; calyx tube 6 mm. long, setose, the lobes linear-spatulate, 8 to 9 mm.
long; petals pink, 1.5 em. long.
5. Tibouchina mexicana (D. Don) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 258. 1891.
Melastoma mexicana D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 290. 1823.
Rhezia tortuosa Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 2: 17. pl. 7. 1823.
Pleroma mexicanum DC. Prodr. 3: 152. 1828.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Veracruz.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, the branches setose-strigose; leaves lanceolate
or linear-lanceolate, 1 to 6 em. long, attenuate, 3-nerved, entire or serrulate,
setulose; flowers solitary cr cymose; lobes of the calyx about as long as the
tube; petals 1 cm. long, white or pink.
6. Tibouchina bourgaeana Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 264. 1891.
Tibouchina aliena T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 58. 1914.
Tepic to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz.
Central America.
Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less, the branches setose-strigose; leaves lanceo-
late or lance-oblong, 4 to 11 em. long, attenuate, 5-nerved, serrulate, appressed-
setose; ffowers numerous, in dense or lax cymes; calyx tube 2.5 to 4 mm. long,
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1055
the lobes linear-subulate, 1.5 to 2 mm. long (in anthesis; longer in fruit) ;
petals 4 to 5 mm. long, white or pink. “ Entrodelia”’ (Veracruz) ; ‘“ talchinol,”
“cirin,”’ ‘“ largona,” ‘“ hierba del tabardillo” (Hl Salvador).
7. Tibouchina naudiniana (Decaisne) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 264.
1891.
Chaetogastra naudiniana Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1847: 86. 1847.
Pleroma naudinianum Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 46. 1871.
Oaxaca.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 3 to 7 cm. long, serrulate, short-pilose; calyx
sparsely setulose, the tube 2.5 mm. long, the lobes 2.5 to 3 mm. long; petals
pink, 8 to 12 mm. long.
8. Tibouchina longifolia (Vahl) Baill. Adansonia 12: 74. 1877.
Rhewxia longifolia Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 39. 1796.
Pleroma longifolium Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 45. 1871.
Reported from Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Yucatéin. West Indies;
Central and South America.
Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less; leaves lanceolate or oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long,
attenuate, appressed-pilose; flowers in lax or dense cymes; calyx setulose, the
tube 3 mm. long, the lobes 3 to 4 mm. long; petals white or pink, 5 to 6 mm.
long. ‘‘ Mosqueta silvestre’? (Guatemala) ; ‘“ entrodelia” (Veracruz).
9, Tibouchina schiedeana (Schlecht. & Cham.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan.
fe 20k 1SOt.
Rhexia schiedeana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 565. 1830.
Pleroma schiedeanum Triana, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 28: 46. 1871.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Rio Talea. Guatemala.
Shrub; leaves lanceolate or ovate-oblong, 3 to 5 em. long, acuminate, entire
or serrulate, appressed-setose ; cymes few-flowered, dense; calyx densely setose,
the tube 4 mm. long, the lobes 2 to 3 mm. long, linear-subulate; petals white
or pink, 4 to 7 mm. long.
10. Tibouchina scabriuscula (Schlecht.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 262.
1891.
Rhezia scabriuscula Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 431. 1891.
Oaxaca and probably in Veracruz.
Branches spreading-pilose; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 8 em. long, serru-
late, setulose above, pilosulous beneath; panicles corymbiform; calyx ap-
pressed-setulose, the tube 4 to 5 mm. long; petals 15 to 18 mm. long.
11. Tibouchina spathulata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 58. 1914.
Chiapas; type from Cerro del Boquerén.
Branches densely setose; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 4 to 6 em. long, acu-
minate, 5-nerved, serrulate, densely setulose; cymes few-flowered; calyx lobes
in fruit sometimes 15 mm. long; petals purple, 1 cm. long.
12. Tibouchina ferrariana Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 1176. 1891.
Type from Teziutlan, Puebla.
Stems pilose, long-setose at the nodes; leaves ovate-oblong, 2 to 3.5 cm.
long, crenulate-denticulate, pilose above, setulose beneath along the nerves;
fiowers solitary ; calyx spreading-pilose; petals purplish, 8 to 9 mm. long.
13. Tibouchina monticola (Naud.) Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 263. 1891
reocosmus moiticola Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 18: 38. 1849.
Colima to Oaxaca. Costa Rica.
1056 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub; leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, 2 to 6 cm. long, acuminate, serrulate:
or subentire, pilose; flowers solitary or cymose; calyx long-pilose; petals
purplish, 1 em. long.
10. MONOCHAETUM Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 4: 48. 1845.
Shrubs, variously pubescent; leaves entire, 3 to 7-nerved; flowers usually
terminal, cymose or solitary, few, pink, purple, or violet, 4-parted; calyx
hairy the lobes ovate or lanceolate, equaling or shorter than the tube; petals.
obovate; stamens unequal, the anthers elongate-linear or subulate, the larger
ones with a porrect, usually elongate appendage at base, the connective not
produced at base; capsule 4-celled; seeds curved or coiled.
Hairs of the stems finely plumose and spreading____________ 1. M. pulchrum.
Hairs not plumose or, if so, appressed.
Pubescence of the young stems appressed, or the stems glabrous.
Stems glabrous except. at the nodes=_____________________ 2. M. pringlei,
Stems with appressed hairs.
eaves ;ODlONe linear 221) 2 222 eS eee ee 3. WE. angustitolium.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate.
Leaves short-petiolate, appressed-setose on the upper surface; calyx
lobes,Shorter than the tubes. 222 eS ees 4. M. deppeanum.
Leaves long-petiolate, mostly glabrous on the upper surface; calyx
lobes equaling or longer than the tube______-___ 5. M. alpestre..
Pubescence of the young stems spreading.
Pubescence of stems of gland-tipped hairs__________ 6. M. bracteolatuim.
Pubescence of stems eglandular.
Lobes of the calyx longer than the tube ye EE Yee 7. M. candollei.
Lobes equaling or shorter than the tube.
Calyx with gland-tipped -hairs________-__--______-- 8. M. floribundum.
Calyxwith’slandless hairs.22225> = Beews sere 9. M. calcaratum.
1. Monochaetum pulchrum Decaisne, Rev. Hort. III. 2: 101. 7. 6. 1848.
Monochaetum plumosum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 14: 160. 1850.
Monochaetum pulchellum Naud Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 161. 1850.
Veracruz and Oaxaca.
Branches stout, densely plumose-hirsute with brownish hairs; leaves short-
petiolate, oblong or ovate, 3 to 6 em. long, 5 or T-nerved, acute, densely
covered with stellate and with appressed plumose hairs; calyx lobes shorter
than the tube; petals 1 cm. long.
2. Monochaetum pringlei Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 327. pl. 72. 1905.
Morelos; type from Cuernavaca.
Shrub, a meter high or less, the branches setose only at the nodes; leaves
linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4 em. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, attenuate, 3-nerved, ciliate,
glabrous above, sparsely appressed-setose beneath along the nerves; flowers
terminal, solitary; calyx appressed-setose with eglandular hairs; petals
purplish, about 1.5 cm. long.
8. Monochaetum angustifolium Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 1181. 1891.
Type collected between Piletas and San Miguel, near Jalapa, Veracruz, alti-
tude 1,800 to 1,900 meters.
Branches slender, setose at the nodes, elsewhere appressed-setulose; leaves
2 to 3.5 mm. wide, appressed-setulose beneath along the nerves, 3-nerved;
Se ee oe eee
—-
Ee
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1057
flowers terminal, solitary; calyx appressed-setulose, the tube 8 mm. long,
the lobes 5 to 6 mm. long; petals pink, 1 cm. long.
4, Monochaetum deppeanum (Schlecht. & Cham.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT.
4: 165. 1850.
Rhexia deppeana Schiecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 566. 1830.
Monochaetum triplinerve Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 4: 51. 1845.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala.
Slender shrub, 1.2 meters high or less, the branches densely appressed-
setulose; leaves 1 to 2.5 em. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide; flowers terminal, usually
solitary; calyx appressed-setulose; petals about 1 em. long, red-purple.
5. Monochaetum alpestre Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 4: 50. 1845.
Monochaetum naudinianum Neum. Rey. Hort. 1861: 211. 1861.
Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Slender shrub, the branches sparsely setulose, especially at the nodes;
leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, acute, pale
beneath, ciliate; calyx sparsely setulose; petals 1.5 to 2 cm. long.
6. Monochaetum bracteolatum Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 64. 1871.
Reported from Dos Puentes. Panama.
Branches sparsely glandular-hirtellous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5-nerved,
3 to 5 em. long, sparsely setulose; calyx sparsely setulose; petals 7 to 8 mm.
long.
7. Monochaetum candollei Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 396. 1891.
Type from Mount Orizaba and Vaqueria del Jacal, Veracruz, altitude 3,300
meters.
Branches subglabrate, setose at the nodes; leaves long-petiolate, oblong-
lanceolate, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, 6 to 10 mm. wide, sparsely setose, ciliate, tripli-
nerved; calyx glandular-setulose; petals pink, 12 to 14 mm. long.
8. Monochaetum floribundum (Schlecht.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 165.
1850.
Rhezia floribunda Schlecht. Linnaea 138: 481. 1839.
Monochaetum rivulare Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 4: 50. 1845.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central America.
Shrub, the branches densely hirsute; leaves short-petiolate, oblong, lance-
oblong, or ovate-oblong, 1.5 to 5.5 em. long, setose; flowers in few-flowered
cymes; petals 7 to 8 mm. long, pink or white. ‘ Entrodelia” (Veracruz).
9. Monochaetum calearatum (DC.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 28: 63.
1871.
Arthrostemma calcaratum DC. Prodr. 3: 188. 1828.
Monochaetum ensiferum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 4: 50. 1845.
Monochaetum candolleanum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 4: 50. 1845.
Monochaetum oliganthum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 14: 159. 1850.
Veracruz and Oaxaca, and perhaps elsewhere.
Branches sparsely setulose; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate, 1.5 to 3 cm.
long, 3 to 7 mm. wide, triplinerved, sparsely setulose; flowers solitary; calyx
densely appressed-setulose ; petals 1.5 cm. long, pink or purple.
12. CALYPTRELLA Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 18: 115. 1852.
1. Calyptrella galeottii Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 18: 115. 1852.
Type from mountains of Oaxaca. Costa Rica.
1058 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Tree (?); leaves ovate-oblong or elliptic, 10 to 20 em. long, 6 to 10 ecm.
wide, shortly obtuse-acuminate, entire, 5 or 7-nerved, glabrous; flowers usu-
ally 6-parted, in open terminal panicles 10 to 30 cm. long, puberulent ; limb
of the calyx calyptriform, circumscissile; petals 4 mm. long..
13. TRIOLENA Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 15: 328. 1851.
1. Triolena scorpioides Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 15: 328. 1851.
Triolena radicans T. S. Brandeg. Uniy. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 379. 1913.
Veracruz and Chiapas.
Plants herbaceous, ascending, the stems simple; leaves long-petiolate, oblong
or oblong-ovate, 5.5 to 18 em. long, acute, undulate-dentate, 5 or T-nerved,
emarginate and unequal at base, setose above, hirtellous beneath along the
nerves: flowers 5-parted, in long-pedunculate scorpioid racemes; calyx turbi-
nate, furfuraceous-puberulent, the lobes short; petals pink, 5 to 6 mm. long;
capsule 3-valvate, included in the finally 3-winged calyx.
It is possible that 7. radicans is a distinct species, but the material at hand
affords no basis for such a belief.
14, LEANDRA Raddi, Att. Soc. Ital. Sci. 18: 385. 1820.
Shrubs or small trees, sometimes glabrous; leaves petiolate, 3 to 9-nerved,
entire or denticulate; flowers usually 5-parted, small, in terminal or rarely
lateral panicles; calyx tube campanulate or urceolate, the limb dentate; petals
narrow, acute; stamens subequal; fruit a small berry.
Leaves abruptly long-decurrent at base___-____________ 1. L. multiplinervis.
Leaves obtuse to subcordate at base.
Branches of the panicle secund; leaves very densely hirtellous.
2. L. mexicana.
Branches not secund; leaves thinly setulose or glabrate.
Banreles ally stermingle Se ee 3. L. melanodesma.
Panicles terminal at first but becoming lateral__________ 4. L. cornoides.
1. Leandra multiplinervis (Naud.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14*: 180. 1886.
Clidemia multiplinervis Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 358. 1852.
Oxymeris multiplinervis Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 94. 1871.
Type from Zacualpan (Chiapas ?). Guatemala; Brazil.
Shrub or small tree, the branches short-setulose; leaves oblong-ovate, 10
to 20 em. long, long-acuminate, 5 or 7-nerved, subentire, sparsely setulose above,
hirtellous beneath; panicles narrow, becoming lateral; calyx setulose, the tube
4 mm. long; petals pink, 4 mm. long.
2. Leandra mexicana (Naud.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14*: 77. 1886.
Clidemiastrum mexicanum Naud. Ann. Se’. Nat ITI. 18: 87. 1852.
Tabasco and Oaxaca. Central America and Colombia.
Shrub, 2 meters high, the branches densely pilose; leaves ovate, 10 to 18
em. long, acuminate, cordate at base, denticulate; panicles terminal, the flowers
7-parted, sessile; calyx tube 2 to 2.5 mm. long, the teeth 0.5 to 0.8 mm. long;
fruit globose, 3 to 5 mm. in diameter.
This species was listed by Hemsley as Oxrymeris heterobasis Triana.
8. Leandra melanodesma (Naud.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14*: 73. 1886.
_Clidemia melanodesma Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. ie oon kode.
Oxrymeris melanodesma Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 92. 1871.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Ecuador.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1059
Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high, the branches furfuraceous-puberulent ; leaves ovate
or ovate-oblong, 8 to 12 em. long, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base,
7-nerved, denticulate, setulose or scaberulous above, furfuraceous beneath;
panicles many-flowered, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx tube 2.5 to 3 mm.
long, the lobes minute; petals white or pink, 3 to 4 mm. long. ‘“ Teshuate”
(Veracruz. ). ,
L. melanodesma sagittata (Naud.) Cogn.1 is a form in which the basal lobes
of the leaves are acute and auricle-like. It was described from Oaxaca and is
reported also from Veracruz and Guatemala. It was listed by Hemsley as
Oxymeris subseriata Triana.
4. Leandra cornoides (Schlecht. & Cham.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 144: 76.
1886.
Melastoma cornoides Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 563. 1830.
Cremanium aschenbornianum Schauer, Linnaea 20: 734. 1847.
Sagraea haeretica Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 18: 100. 1852.
Oxymeris cornoides Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 93) 1871.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Morelos.
Slender shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high, the branches furfuraceous-puberulent
or glabrate; leaves lance-oblong 5 to 12 em. long, acuminate, 5-nerved, obscurely
denticulate, sparsely furfuraceous beneath or glabrous; panicles lax, few-
flowered; calyx glabrous or nearly so, the tube 3 mm. long; petals white or
pink, 5 to 6 mm. long; fruit violet or black, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter.
15. CONOSTEGIA D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 316. 1823.
Shrubs or small trees, glabrous or pubescent; leaves petiolate, entire or den-
ticulate, 3 or 5-nerved; flowers 5 to 10-parted, small or of medium size, white
or pink, in terminal panicles; calyx tube campanulate, the limb caplike, cir-
cumscissile at anthesis; petals obtuse; stamens equal; fruit a small berry.
Young branches and petioles setulose-hirsute_____________-.-1. C. speciosa.
Young branches and petioles glabrous or furfuraceous-tomentose.
Branches and petioles glabrous or obscurely furfuraceous.
TES US WO LS OT COIN C2 0 2 ow a a ee Oe Sd 2. C. superba.
Buds globose or subglobose, rounded at apex_-_-_----_--~ 3. C. sphaerica.
Branches and petioles densely furfuraceous-tomentose.
Leaves entire or nearly so, green beneath; flowers 6 to 10-parted.
Bugs to ace mm: lone) long-rostrates. == ss ne 4. C. arborea.
Buds 8 to 10 mm. long, rounded at apex, sometimes apiculate.
5. C. subhirsuta.
Leaves conspicuously denticulate; often densely stellate-tomentose be-
neath; flowers 5-parted.
Buds) 9) topes mms lone. clabrous== 22-2 ee 6. C. mexicana.
Buds 4 to 6 mm. long, tomentose_-________-_--______ 7. C. xalapensis.
1, Conostegia speciosa Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 109. 1851.
Reported from Veracruz. Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Branches densely setulose; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 10 to 20 cm. long,
short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, denticulate, setulose above, stel-
late-tomentose beneath; buds densely hirsute, 5 to 6 mm. long; petals 6 to 7 mm.
long, pink or violet.
1In Mart. Fl. Bras. 144: 74. 1886; Clidemia sagittata Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat.
NEA = coos too:
1060 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Conostegia superba D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 317. 1823.
Conostegia macrophylla Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 112. 1851.
Conostegia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 57. 1914.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America; Jamaica.
Shrub or small tree, 4 to 5 meters high, the branches glabrous or nearly so;
leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, 15 to 30 cm. long, short-acuminate, rounded or
obtuse at base, 5-nerved, entire or nearly so, puberulent beneath along the
nerves but elsewhere glabrous; panicles 10 to 15 em. long; buds glabrous, 6 to
7 mm. long; petals white, 5 to 6 mm. long.
3. Conostegia sphaerica Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 98. 1871.
Michoacan to Chiapas; type from Teotalcingo.
Tree, 10 meters high or less, glabrous throughout; leaves lanceolate to ob-
long-elliptic, 5 to 17 em. long, obtusely cuspidate-acuminate, atenuate or acute
at base, triplinerved, entire; panicles 3 to 7 em. long; buds 6 to 8 mm. long;
petals white, 3 to 5 mm. long, erose.
4, Conostegia arborea (Schlecht.) Schauer, Linnaea 20: 733. 1847.
Melastoma arboreum Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 424. 1839.
Conostegia galeottii Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 107. 1851.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected between Tioselo and Jicochimalco.
Tree, 4.5 to 9 meters high; leaves ovate-oblong or elliptic, 10 to 25 cm. long,
short-acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, green, thinly furfuraceous-puberulent
beneath, 5-nerved; panicles few-flowered, 7 to 10 cm. long; buds thinly puber-
ulent ; petals white, 8 to 10 mm. long.
5. Conostegia subhirsuta DC. Prodr. 3: 174. 1828.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. West Indies; Central and South America; type from
Havana, Cuba.
Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves elliptic-oblong, elliptic, or ovate-oblong, 8
tu 20 em. long, abruptly short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, 5-nerved,
green, furfuraceous beneath along the nerves; panicles few-flowered, 10 ecm.
long or less; buds furfuraceous or glabrate; petals white, 7 to 8 mm. long.
“Teshuate” (Veracruz).
6. Conostegia mexicana Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 707. 1891.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Monte Pelado.
Branches furfuraceous or stellate-setulose with rufous hairs; leaves elliptic-
oblong, 5 to 10 em. long, short-acuminate, rounded to acute at base, setulose
above, puberulent beneath, especially along the nerves; panicles few-flowered, 5
to 10 cm. long; petals 7. to 8 mm. long.
7. Conostegia xalapensis (Bonpl.) D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 317. 1823.
Melastoma «alapense Bonpl.; Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 1: 126. pl. 54.
1816.
Conostegia holosericea D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 317. 1823.
Conostegia minutiflora Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 327. pl. 71. 1905.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa,
Veracruz. Central America and Colombia; Cuba.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 10 meters high; leaves oblong to lanceolate or
ovate-oblong, 7 to 20 cm. long, acuminate, rounded to acute at base, stellate-
tomentose above or rarely setulose, in age glabrous, pale beneath and covered
with a dense stellate tomentum, or rarely glabrate, 5-nerved; panicles dense,
10 cm. long or less; petals pink, 3 mm. long. ‘“Capulincillo” (Puebla, San
Luis Potosi, Oaxaca); “nigua” (San Luis Potosf, Puebla); “ capulin”
(Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca); “serita” (Puebla, Oaxaca); “chicab” (Ta-
Fog eee ee eS SP
, -
a ee ii
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1061
maulipas); “capiroto” (Nicaragua); “cirin” (El Salvador); “lengua de
vaca,” “pt,” “ purré,’” ‘“ escobillo” (Costa Rica); “guab6én” (Guatemala) ;
“mora” (Tepic); “pupu” (Sinaloa); “capulin de cotorro,’ ‘“ tecapulin,”
“teshuate” (Veracruz).
Judging from the number of herbarium specimens at hand, this is by far
the most common Melastomaceous plant of Mexico. The form with narrow
leaves is C. lanceolata Cogn.* and C. minutiflora Rose, but it grades imper-
ceptibly into the typical form. Some specimens of C. zalapensis exhibit a
truly remarkable diversity in leaf pubescence. Some of the leaves are, when
young, finely tomentose upon the upper surface, and these leaves, even in
age, are densely tomentose beneath. Other leaves upon the same branch are
thinly setose upon the upper surface, without any trace of tomentum, while
the lower surface is green and soon glabrate. Unless one had seen both
kinds of leaves upon the same specimen, it would be hard to believe that they
belonged to the same species.
The dark blue or purple fruits are edible and of good flavor. They some-
what resemble blueberries (Vaccinium) in appearance and are often seen in
the markets of Central America.
16. MICONIA Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 60. 1794.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves entire or denticulate; inflorescence terminal ;
flowers small, 4 to 8-parted, white, red, or yellow; calyx urceolate or campanu-
late, the lobes short; petals oblong or obovate; stamens equal or nearly so;
fruit a small berry.
The largest genus of the family, including over 500 species. The fruit, like
that of other genera, is edible, and some species yield dyes.
Anthers short, obovoid, oblong, or cuneiform.
Anthers oblong, with a single minute pore at apex.
Flowers secund upon the panicle branches.
IS canches ong -nikSute ss 2222 ee ae 2 ee 1. M. lacera.
Eran ches esol ayrOUS ee meee a RE ee eee 2. M. ciliata.
Flowers not secund.
Branches glabrous or furfuraceous-puberulent ; leaves acute or rounded
at base.
Leaves acute at base; branches glabrate______________ 3. M. glabrata.
Leaves rounded at base; branches densely furfuraceous-puberulent.
4. M. madrensis,
Branches hispid or densely tomentulose; leaves cordate at base.
Branches. Wisi sti) eae eee ee ee 5. M. phaeotricha.
Branches _ stellate-tomentulose____-_-_--____-________ 6. M. tepicana.
Anthers cuneiform, truncate at apex and with 2-large pores.
Leaves stellate-furfuraceous beneath along the nerves.
7. M. hemenostigma,
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Leaves triplinerved, the lateral nerves arising above the base of the
|S GSO Ce eee eae ca i ILE Die Pe Re Ee ge Bee a 8. M. rubens.
Leaves 3-nerved, the lateral nerves arising at the base of the blade.
Stiemar not Gil ated es I Sree NS 9. M. oligotricha.
Stigma capitate.
Calyx mm. lone ve 2ne Hee ee 10. M. glaberrima.
Calyse2:5" to"s-mmy longa Se ee ee ee ee 11. M. pinetorum.
4In DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 708. 1891.
1062 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Anthers elongate, linear or subulate.
Anthers subulate, mostly 4 to 5 mm. long.
Calyx limb closed in bud, breaking up into irregular lobes.
eaves lone-acuminate2s. Ses Se ee 12. M. mexicana.
Leaves acute or short-acuminate__________________ 13. M. lauriformis,
Calyx limb open, truneate or regularly dentate.
Calyx oblong or oblong-cylindric.
Filaments hirtellous; leaves serrulate__________ 14. M. leucocephala,
Filaments glabrous; leaves entire_______________ 15. M. dodecandra.
Calyx campanulate.
Calyx lobes subulate.
Calyx -tube-2o"min~ long 2. sis 2S. eae ae 16. M. anisotricha.
Cabyscttubes oto 6 smn. OM pee «see eens ae 19. M. saxicola.
Calyx lobes rounded.
Petals about “summ long 22 ie a ee 17. M. guatemalensis,
Petals *o:to, oamm:) (On g2 t= an oe ene eee 18. M. erythrantha.
Anthers linear, usually 3 mm. long or less.
Anthers truncate at apex, the connective not appendaged anteriorly.
20. M. minutiflora.
Anthers narrowed at apex or at least not truncate, the connective ap:
pendaged or tuberculate anteriorly.
lowers spicate LNs ae TNs = ies ete eee 21. M. triplinervis.
Flowers paniculate.
Branches of the panicle simple, spikelike.
Beaves petiolate 22V oe wy sca, eae PTD 22. M. bourgaeana.
Leaves sessile or nearly so_-____---_-_--_-_-_- 23. M. impetiolaris,
Branches of the panicle usually branched, not spikelike.
Leaves densely whitish-tomentulose beneath.
Leaves mostly 7 to 15 em. wide, usually denticulate.
24. M. argentea.
Leaves mostly 3 to 7 ecm. wide, entire or nearly so.
Leaves shallowly cordate at base______-_-__- 25. M. albicans, |
Leaves rounded or obtuse at base________ 26. M. stenostachya. —
Leaves green beneath, never whitish-tomentulose.
Flowers secund .upon the branches.
Leaves quintuplinerved___________________ 27. M. scorpioides.
Teg VeS' .O-NeCrVeO 2-2 sh = Ae oe ee 28. M. ambigua.
Flowers not secund.
Leaves glabrous or glabrate beneath in age, when young often
minutely stellate-pubescent.
Leaves 3 or 5-nerved.
Leaves large, 7 to 40 cm. wide, subemarginate at base.
29. M. calvescens.
Leaves smaller, 4 to 10 cm. wide, acute to rounded at base.
Flowers mostly pedicellate________ 30. M. hyperprasina.
Flowers all sessile or nearly so_______- 31. M. laevigata.
Leaves triplinerved or quintuplinerved.
Leaves sessile, or the petioles marginate almost to the base,
the blades 7 to 10.5 em. wide_____- 32. M. langlassei.
Leaves conspicuously petiolate, the petioles not winged, the
blades mostly 5 cm. wide or iess.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1063
Leaves 1.5 to 8 cm. wide, the transverse nerves very
DEOMUMEM t= alee ey, 33. M. schlechtendalii.
Leaves mostly 4 to 6 cm. wide, the transverse nerves
slender and not very prominent___34. M. prasina.
Leaves pilosulous or hirsutulous beneath.
Leaves stellate-tomentose beneath_______ 385. M. globulifera.
Leaves pilose or hirsute beneath with simple hairs.
Leaves very densely hirsute beneath, attenuate at base.
36. M. nervosa.
Leaves thinly setulose beneath, rounded to subacute at base.
Young branches appressed-setulose__87. M. chrysoneura.
Young branches spreading-setulose___38. M. ibaguensis.
1. Miconia lacera (Humb. & Bonpl.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 152. 1851.
Melastoma lacerum Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 1: 9. pl. 5. 1816.
Reported from southern Mexico. Central America to Brazil; Martinique.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches covered with very long spreading
brown hairs; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 15 em. long, acuminate,
rounded or obtuse at base, 3 or 5-nerved, denticulate, setulose; panicles nar-
row; calyx tube 2 mm. long; petals pink, 3 to 4 mm. long. “Sirin” (Guate-
mala, Honduras).
2. Miconia ciliata (L. Rich.) DC. Prodr. 3: 179. 1828.
Melastoma ciliatum L. Rich. Act. Soe. Hist. Nat. Paris 1792: 109. 1792.
Melastoma decussatum Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 42. 1796.
Miconia decussata D. Don; Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 121. 1871.
Reported from southern Mexico. Panama to Brazil; West Indies.
Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 20 cm.
long, short-acuminate, 3-nerved, subserrulate, long-ciliate, glabrous; calyx 2
mm. long; petals pink, 2 to 2.5 mm. long.
3. Miconia glabrata Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 875. 1891.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Pinotepa, Oaxaca.
Slender shrub; leaves ovate-lanceolate or lance-oblong, 3 to 9 em. long, long-
acuminate, quintuplinerved, entire, glabrous; panicles many-flowered, 3 to
8 em. long; calyx 1.5 mm. long; petals 2 mm. long.
4. Miconia madrensis Standl., sp. nov.
Tepic and Jalisco; type collected near Santa Teresa, in the Sierra Madre,
Tepic (Rose 2226; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 301140).
Young branches densely furfuraceous-puberulent with rufous pubescence,
in age glabrate; petioles 0.8 to 1.7 cm. long; leaf blades ovate to ovate-oblong,
4.5 to 7.5 em. long, 1.5 to 4 em. wide, acute or short-acuminate, rounded at base,
quintuplinerved, entire or remotely and minutely serrulate, glabrate above,
minutely and sparsely stellate-puberulent beneath or finally glabrate; panicles
6 to 9 em. long, many-flowered, the flowers pedicellate, 5-parted; calyx 2 mm.
long, sparsely puberulent, the lobes minute, rounded; petals 2 mm. long; an.
thers oblong, curved; fruit 4 mm. thick.
Pringle 2369, collected near Guadalajara, belongs to this species.
5. Miconia phaeotricha Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 16: 193. 1851.
Type from mountains of Oaxaca.
Leaves ovate-cordate, 12 to 18 em. long, 5 or 7-nerved, setose above, hirtellous
beneath ; panicles 10 to 15 cm. long, the flowers pedicellate; calyx 2.5 to 3 mm.
long, hispid; petals pink, 15 mm. long.
1064 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Miconia tepicana Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected between Dolores and Santa Gertrudis, Tepic (Rose 2058;
U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 800958).
Branches subterete, densely stellate-tomentulose; petioles 3 to 5 em. long;
leaf blades cordate-ovate, 13 to 15.5 cm. long, 8 to 8.5 em. wide, acute, deeply
ecrdate at base, quintuplinerved, entire, glabrous above or nearly so, densely
and finely stellate-tomentulose beneath; panicles many flowered, about 14 em.
long, the flowers mostly short-pedicellate; calyx 2.5 mm. long, tomentulose, the
lobes minute, obtuse; petals 1.5 mm. long; anthers 1 to 1.5 mm. long.
7. Miconia hemenostigma Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 230. 1851.
Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Branches furfuraceous-puberulent ; leaves oblong to ovate, 12 to 20 cm. long,
acuminate, rounded at base, 5-nerved, subentire, green and glabrous above;
panicles 8 to 12 em. long; calyx 2 mm. long, puberulent or glabrate; petals
white, 1.5 mm. long.
8. Miconia rubens (Swartz) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 169. 1851.
Melastoma rubens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 71. 1788.
Chiapas. Costa Rica and Venezuela; type from Jamaica.
Glabrous shrub, 3 to 4 meters high; leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, 6 to 16
em. long, acuminate or abruptly acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, subentire;
panicles 4 to 7 cm. long, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx 2 mm. long; petals
white, about 1 mm. long.
9. Miconia oligotricha (DC.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 245. 1851.
Cremanium oligotrichum DC. Prodr. 3: 193. 1828.
Melastoma glaucocarpum Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 421. 1839.
Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere.
Leaves broadly oblong, 6 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at base, minutely
denticulate; panicles pyramidal, 5 to 8 ecm. long, the flowers pedicellate;
ealyx 2 mm. long; petals 1 mm. long; fruit blue, 4 mm. in diameter.
10. Miconia glaberrima (Schlecht.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 248. 1851.
Melastoma glaberrimum Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 421. 1839.
Miconia brachystyla Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 230. 1851.
Miconia myriocarpa Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 231. 1851.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Barranca de Tioselo. Central
America.
Slender glabrous shrub; leaves lance-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 8 to 12 cm.
long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, entire or nearly so; panicles pyrami-
dal, 5 to 7 em. long, the flowers pedicellate; petals white or pink, 1 mm. long;
fruit white.
11. Miconia pinetorum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 229. 1851.
Morelos, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from mountains of Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4.5 meters high; leaves elliptic or oblong, 7 to 14
em. long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, obscurely serrulate; panicles 4
to 10 cm. long, the flowers pedicellate; petals white, 1 to 1.5 mm. long.
12. Miconia mexicana (Humb. & Bonpl.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 244.
1851.
Melastoma mexicanum Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 1: 128. pl. 55. 1816.
Miconia tococoides Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 16: 127. 1851.
Miconia conostegioides Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 127. 1851.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1065
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 18 em. long, rounded
to acute at base, triplinerved, entire or nearly so, glabrous above, puberulent
beneath along the nerves; panicles 10 to 15 cm. long, the flowers pedicellate ;
calyx 3 to 4 mm. long; petals white or pink, 5 mm. long. ‘ Teshuate”’
(Veracruz).
18. Miconia lauriformis Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 189. 1851.
Type collected between San Bartolo and Pueblo Nuevo, Chiapas.
Leaves ovate-oblong, 6 to 19 ecm. long, rounded or subacute at base, tripli-
nerved, entire, puberulent beneath along the nerves; panicles 5 to 7 cm. long,
the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx 3 mm. long; petals pink, 5 to 6 mm. long.
14, Miconia leucocephala (DC.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 244. 1851.
Chitonia macrophylla D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 319. 1823.
Dipiochita leucocephala DC. Prodr. 3: 177. 1828.
Miconia macrophylla Triana, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 28: 103. 1871. Not
M. macrophylla Steud. 1844.
Oaxaca and Chiapas. West Indies and South America.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 12 meters high, the branches densely tomentose; leaves
broadly elliptic to oblong-ovate, 20 to 30 cm. long, rounded or obtuse and short-
acuminate at apex, emarginate at base, 5 or 7-nerved, glabrate above, densely
stellate-tomentose beneath; panicles 10 to 30 em. long; calyx 7 mm. long,
tomentose; petals white or pink, 6 to 8 mm. long; fruit about 6 mm. in
diameter.
15. Miconia dodecandra (Desr.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 144: 243. 1886.
Melastoma dodecandrum Desr. in Lam. Encyel. 4: 46. 1797.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. West Indies; Central and South America.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 5 meters high, the branches densely fur-
furaceous-puberulent; leaves ovate to lance-oblong, 10 to 18 cm. long,
acuminate, rounded at base, usually 5-nerved, glabrate above, densely stellate-
tomentulose beneath; panicles 10 to 20 em. long, the flowers pedicellate; calyx
4 to 6 mm. long, canescent-tomentulose: petals white or pink, 5 to 8 mm. long;
fruit about 5 mm. in diameter.
Reported by Hemsley as M. fothergilla (Humb. & Bonpl.) Naud.
16. Miconia anisotricha (Schlecht.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 28: 102.
1871.
Melastoma anisotrichoa Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 427. 1839.
Cremanium berghesianum Schauer, Linnaea 20: 735. 1847.
Clidemia urticaefolia Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 354 1852.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected between San Miguel del Soldado and
La Joya; a closely related but probably distinct plant occurs in Michoacan or
Guerrero.
Branches densely furfuraceous-puberulent and short-hirtellous; leaves ovate-
oblong, 6 to 12 em. long, acuminate, subcordate at base, hirtellous beneath,
setulose above, 5 or 7-nerved; panicles 4 to 7 em. long, the flowers pedicellate ;
calyx hirtellous, 2.5 mm. long, the teeth 1 mm. long; petals 4 mm. long; fruit
black, 4 mm. thick.
17. Miconia guatemalensis Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 758. 1891.
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Tactic.
Branches densely stellate-puberulent; leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 6 to
16 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, 5-nerved, entire or
minutely serrulate, hirtellous above, stellate-puberulent beneath; panicles 4
to 8 em. long, the flowers sessile or nearly so; calyx 2 mm. long, puberulent.
1066 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
18. Miconia erythrantha Naud. Ann. Sci: Nat. III. 16: 119. 1851.
Clidemia monticola Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 341. 1852.
Oaxaca.
Branches furfuraceous; leaves narrowly ovate, 4 to 6 cm. long, acute or ©
subacuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, 5-nerved, entire or undulate-
denticulate, setulose above, hirtellous beneath along the nerves; panicles 3
to 5 em. long, the flowers pedicellate; petals red or pink, 5 mm. long.
19. Miconia saxicola T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 215. 1905.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Cerro Colorado, Sinaloa.
Young branches densely furfuraceous-puberulent and glandular-hirtellous ;
leaves rounded-ovate, 6 to 14 cm. long, 4.5 to 6.5 em. wide, obtuse or rounded at
apex and abruptly short-acuminate, cordate at base, 7-nerved, duplicate-ser-
rulate, densely setulose above, hirtellous beneath; panicles few-flowered, 3 to
4.5 em. long, the flowers pedicellate; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, densely fulvous-
hirtellous with partly gland-tipped hairs, the teeth 1 to 1.5 mm. long; petals 6,
8 to 11 mm. long.
20. Miconia minutiflora (Humb. & Bonpl.) DC. Prodr. 3: 189. 1828.
Melastoma minutiflorum Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Mélast. 1: 50. pl. 22. 1816.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco. West Indies; Central and South
America.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 12 em. long,
long-acuminate, rounded to acute at base, 3-nerved, sparsely furfuraceous when
young but soon glabrous, usually blackish when dry, entire; panicles 5 to 15
em. long, the flowers numerous, short-pedicellate, sweet-scented; calyx 1.5 mm.
long; petals white, 2 to 2.5 mm. long; fruit 2 to 2.56 mm. in diameter. “ Resino”’
(Costa Rica).
21. Miconia triplinervis Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Peruv. Chil. 1: 105. 1798.
Reported from Tabasco. Jamaica; Peru.
Leaves broadly lanceolate, 15 to 25 em. long, long-acuminate, long-attenuate
at base, 3-nerved, entire; spikes 10 to 15 cm. long; calyx 2.5 to 3 mm. long;
petals white, 2 mm. long.
22. Miconia bourgaeana Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 772. 1891.
Veracruz; type from Tuspango, near Cérdoba.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches furfuraceous; leaves broadly ovate
to lance-oblong, 10 to 20 em. long, long-acuminate, rounded or subcordate at
base, 5 or 7-nerved, obscurely denticulate, sparsely setulose above, hirtellous
beneath; panicles 6 to 15 em. long; calyx 2 mm. long, stellate-furfuraceous ;
petals 2 mm. long.
23. Miconia impetiolaris (Swartz) D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 316. 1823.
Melastoma impetiolare Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 70. 1788.
Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America.
Large shrub or tree, 5 to 8 meters high, the branches tomentose; leaves
oblong to broadly obovate, 20 to 50 em. long, short-acuminate, auriculate at
base, 3-nerved or quintuplinerved, undulate-denticulate, glabrate above, stel- |
late-hirtellous beneath; panicles 15 to 25 cm. long, the flowers sessile; calyx
2.5 to 83 mm. long; petals white or pink, 2 mm. long; fruit blue or black,
4 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Hoja de pasmo” (Costa Rica) ; “ camasey,” ‘ camasey
de costilla ” (Porto Rico).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1067
24. Miconia argentea (Swartz) DC. Prodr. 3: 182. 1828.
Melastoma argenteum Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oce. 779. 1800.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Tabasco. Guatemala to Panama; type from the
Mosquito Coast.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 20 meters high, the trunk sometimes 30 ecm. in diameter;
bark gray; leaves ovate to rounded-elliptic, 10 to 25 cm. long, acute or rounded
at apex and abruptly short-acuminate, rounded at base, usually denticulate
but sometimes entire, green and glabrate above; panicles 10 to 25 em. long,
the flowers sessile; calyx 1.5 to 2 mm. long; petals 2 mm. long. ‘“Cenizo,”
“sabano” (Tabasco); ‘“ Maria,” “Santa Maria,” “ Maria colorada,” “ ecapi-
lote’’ (Costa Rica); “capirote blanco” (Nicaragua) ; “sirin cacal” (Guate-
mala, Seler); “cainillo,” ‘‘canillo,” ‘“ dos-caras,” ‘“ papelillo,’ ‘ mancha-
mancha ” (Panama) ; “sirinén” (EI Salvador).
The sapwood is described as thick and light brown and the heartwood as
slightly darker; the wood is said to be moderately hard, durable, fine-grained,
and susceptible of a fair polish.
25. Miconia albicans (Swartz) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 116. 1871.
Melastoma albicans Swartz, Fl. Ind. Oce. 786. 1800.
Guerrero and Oaxaca. West Indies; Central and South America; type
from Jamaica.
Shrub, 1 to 5 meters high, the branches whitish-tomentulose; leaves ovate-
oblong, 6 to 13 cm. long, obtuse or acute, 5-nerved, emarginate at base, glabrate
above, coriaceous; panicles thyrsiform, 5 to 15 ecm. long, the flowers secund;
calyx 2.5 to 3 mm. long; petals white, 2.56 mm. long; fruit blue, 4 mm. thick.
“Mortino ” (Colombia).
26. Miconia stenostachya DC. Prodr. 3: 181. 1828.
Oaxaca and perhaps elsewhere. Central and South America; type from
Brazil.
Shrub, 1 to 8 meters high, the branches whitish-tomentulose; leaves oblong
or lance-oblong, 10 to 15 em. long, acute, 5-nerved, glabrate above; panicles
Dd to 15 cm. long, the flowers secund; calyx 3.5 to 4 mm. long; petals white or
pink, 3 to 3.5 mm. long; fruit blackish, 5 mm. thick.
27. Miconia scorpioides (Schlecht. & Cham.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16:
248. 1851.
Melastoma scorpioides Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 564. 1830.
Miconia anceps Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 150. 1851.
Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco, Veracruz.
Central and South America.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high, the branches minutely stellate-
puberulent; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, 12 to 25 em. long, acuminate.
attenuate at base, entire, glabrous above, very sparsely and minutely stellate-
puberulent beneath; panicles 10 to 25 em. long; calyx 2 mm. long; petals 2.2
mm. long.
28. Miconia ambigua (Humb. & Bonpl.) DC. Prodr. 3: 189. 1828.
Melastoma ambiguum Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 1: 55. pl. 25. 1816.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Chiapas. West Ind‘es; Central and South America;
type from Caripe, Venezuela.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, the branches obscurely stellate-puberulent ; leaves
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 10 to 20 em. long, long-acuminate, obtuse or acute
at base, glabrate, entire or nearly so; panicles 5 to 14 em. long; calyx 1.5 to
2 mm. long: petals white, 2.5 to 3 mm. long. “ Cirin’’ (El Salvador).
1068 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
29. Miconia calvescens DC. Prodr. 3: 185. 1828.
Chiapas. Central and South America; type from Brazil.
Tree, 4 to 6 meters high, the young branches minutely stellate-canescent ;
leaves oblong to broadly ovate or obovate, 15 to 50 cm. long, 7 to 40 cm.
wide, acute or short-acuminate, 5-nerved, entire, glabrate; panicles 20 to 50
em. long, the flowers sessile; calyx 3 mm. long; petals white, 2 to 2.5 mm.
long; fruit 4 mm. thick. .
30. Miconia hyperprasina Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 186. 1851.
Type from Teapa, Tabasco. Central America.
Shrub or small tree, the branches sparsely furfuraceous or glabrate; leaves
oblong-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 15 to 30 em. long, acuminate, acute at
base, thin, glabrate, repand-crenate or subentire; panicles 7 to 10 em. long;
ealyx 3 mm. long; petals white, 2 mm. long.
81. Miconia laevigata (L.) DC. Prodr. 3: 188. 1828.
Melastoma laevigatum L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 890. 1762.
Melastoma sylwaticum Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 422. 1839.
Miconia sylvatica Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. IIT. 16: 248. 1851.
Guerrero, Oaxaca, Morelos, and Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South
America.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high, the young branches stellate-furfuraceous; leaves
oblong or oblong-ovate, 8 to 25 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base,
entire or nearly so, glabrate; panicles 5 to 15 em. long; calyx 3 to 3.5 mm.
long, furfuraceous; petals white or pink, 3 to 4 mm. long; fruit biue or
blackish, 3 mm. thick. ‘“ Totopozole,”’ ‘tezhuate” (Oaxaca, Reko); “ ca-
masey”’ (Porto Rico) ; ‘ teshuate,” “ojo de gato” (Veracruz); “cirin” (Kl
Salvador).
32. Miconia langlassei Standl., sp. nov.
Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacan or Guerrero (Langlassé 845; U.S.
Nat. Herb. no. 386227).
Tree, 5 to 6 meters high, the young branches glabrate; leaves elliptic-ob-
long or ovate-oblong, 17 to 23 cm. long, 8 to 10.5 em. wide, apiculate, ab-
ruptly decurrent nearly to the base of the petiole, thin, glabrate, triplinerved,
the lateral nerves remote from the margin; panicles about 20 cm. long, broadly
pyramidal, the branches arcuate-ascending, the flowers 5-parted, mostly sessile ;
calyx 2 mm, long, minutely puberulent, repand-dentate; petals white, 2 mm.
long; style 6 to 7 mm. long.
To this species may be referred, for the present, Goldman 731, from Jaltipam,
Veracruz. The specimen is in every way like the type of M. langlassei ex-
cept that the leaf blades are rounded and auriculate at base. Similar varia-
tion is exhibited by M. pteropoda Benth., a closely related species.
33. Miconia schlechtendalii Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 804. 1891.
Veracruz: type material from Hacienda de la Laguna and Misantla.
Young branches furfuraceous-puberulent; leaves narrowly lanceolate, 6 to
14 em. long, acute or acuminate, acute at base, obscurely denticulate, glabrate ;
panicles 3 to 7 em. long, narrow. dense, the flowers sessile; calyx 2.5 mm.
long; petals white, 2 mm. long; fruit black.
This was listed by Hemsley as M. mazrimiliana DC. It is probably not
distinct from M. prasina.
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1069
34. Miconia prasina (Swartz) DC. Prodr. 3: 188. 1828.
Melastoma prasinum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 69. 1788.
Oaxaca and Chiapas. West Indies; Central and South America.
Shrub, 8 to 5 meters high, the branches puberulent; leaves oblong or lance-
oblong, 7 to 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, entire
or nearly so, glabrate; panicles 5 to 15 cm. long, the flowers sessile; calyx
2.5 to 3.5 mm. long; petals white or pale pink, 2 to 3 mm. long; fruit black-
purple, 4 mm. thick. ‘‘Camasey” (Porto Rico).
The plant is said to yield a black dye.
35. Miconia globulifera Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 189. 1851.
Melastoma globulifiorum Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 564. 18830. Not M.
globuliflora L. Rich. 1792.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches densely furfuraceous-tomentose;
leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, 10 to 15 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded or
obtuse at base and often oblique, setulose above, densely stellate-tomentose
beneath; panicles 5 to 8 cm. long, the flowers sessile, clustered at the ends of
the branches; calyx 3 mm. long; petals yellow, 3 mm. long; fruit 5 mm. thick.
The writer has seen no material of M. liebmannii Cogn.,’ which, judging from
the description, must be very closely related if not identical. It was described
from Oaxaca.
36. Miconia nervosa (Smith) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 111. 1871.
Melastoma nervosum Smith in Rees, Cycl. 23. 1822.
Reported from southern Mexico. Central and South America.
Shrub, 2 meters high, the branches appressed-setulose; leaves ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, 10 to 30 cm. long, long-acuminate, setulose above; panicles spici-
form, 5 to 15 cm. long, the flowers sessile, densely congested; calyx 4 mm.
long; petals red, 3.5 to 4 mm. long.-
37. Miconia chrysoneura Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 111. 1871.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 7 to 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute
to rounded at base, appressed-setulose or hirtellous with yellowish hairs, entire
or nearly so, septemplinerved; panicles 5 to 10 cm. long, the flowers sessile,
clustered at the ends of the branches; calyx 3 mm. long; petals 3 mm. long.
38. Miconia ibaguensis (Humb. & Bonpl.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot.
28: 110. 1871.
Melastoma ibaguense Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 1: 105. pl. 45. 1816.
Melastoma lineatum Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 423. 1839.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Cuba; Central and South America.
Shrub, 1 to 5 meters high; leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 8 to 15 em. long,
acute or acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, quintuplinerved, minutely ser-
rulate or entire, setulose or glabrate above; panicles 5 to 10 cm. long, the
flowers sessile; calyx 3 mm. long; petals white or yellow, 2.5 to 3 mm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES
MICONIA MAGNIFICA Triana, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 28: 131. 1871. Described
from cultivated plants which were believed to be of Mexican origin.
1In DC. Monogr. Phan, 7: 821. 1891.
79688S—24—15
1070 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
17. HETEROTRICHUM DC. Prodr. 3: 173. 1828.
Shrubs with hispid-setose stems; leaves large, petiolate, usually 7-nerved, en-
tire or serrulate; flowers 4 to 9-parted, chiefly in terminal panicles; calyx tube
campanulate; petals obovate, obtuse, white or pink; stamens equal; fruit bac-
cate.
Leaves densely stellate-pubescent beneath; flowers 8-parted, the panicles few-
FANGS re EY bat ace a= Nl PP IRN ATAU GS OS Oy elo) 1. H. octonum.
Leaves without stellate pubescence; flowers 4 or 5-parted, the panicles many-
OW CEGUE <5 saeiete Lars Rea es Ba Sere neni ee 2. H. scopulinum.
1. Heterotrichum octonum (Humb. & Bonpl.) DC. Prodr. 3: 173. 1828.
Melastoma octonum Humb. & Bonpl. Monogr. Melast. 1: 7. pl. 4. 1816.
Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco. Cuba; Central and South America.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, the branches long-setose and stellate-tomentulose;
leaves broadly ovate, 7 or 9-nerved, 10 to 20 cm. long, acuminate, cordate at
base, denticulate, setose above; calyx tube 4 to 5 mm. long, the lobes 2 to 3 mm.
long; petals white, 8 to 9 mm. long; fruit 7 to 8 mm. long.
Many of the inflorescences are axillary or lateral in this species.
2. Heterotrichum scopulinum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 187.
1915.
Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas.
Shrub, 1 meter high, the branches setose; leaves very broadly ovate, 10 to 18
em. long, 7-nerved, acuminate, cordate at base, denticulate, setose above, fur-
furaceous-villosulous beneath along the nerves; calyx tube 2.5 mm. long, hir-
tellous; petals pink, 3 mm. long; fruit 4 to 5 mm. in diameter.
18. OSSAEA DC. Prodr. 3: 168. 1828.
1. Ossaea micrantha (Swartz) Macfad. Fl. Jam. 2: 49. 1850.
Melastoma micranthum Swartz, Prodr. Fl. Ind. Oce. 71. 1788.
Chiapas. Central and South America; type from Jamaica.
Slender shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, the branches stellate-puberulent or gla-
brate; leaves petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, acuminate, acute at base,
quintuplinerved, entire, glabrate; flowers 4-parted, in lax axillary panicles;
calyx 2 mm. long, minutely denticulate; petals white, lanceolate, acute, 3 mm.
long; fruit baccate, subglobose, 8-costate.
19. MAIETA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 443. 1775.
1. Maieta setosa (Triana) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 144: 462. 1888.
Calophysa setosa Triana in Seem. Journ. Bot. 5: 209. 1867.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central America; type from Chontales,
Nicaragua.
Shrub, 2 meters high, the stems densely covered with long stiff retrorse or
spreading bristles; leaves petiolate, the petiole bearing at the apex a large
bladderlike bilobate appendage; leaf blades oblong-ovate or broadly elliptic-
ovate, 7 or 9-nerved, 10 to 25 em. long, acute, subcordate at base, long-setose;
flowers 3 or 4-parted, in slender-pedunculate axillary cymes; calyx tube 2
mm. long, furfuraceous, the limb shallowly lobate, long-setose; buds bright
red; petals pink, oblong, 3 mm. long; fruit baccate, 3 mm. in diameter.
There is little doubt that Tococa vesiculosa DC. is the same plant, and that
the proper name for this species is Maieta vesiculosa (DC.) Cogn.t DeCan-
In Mart. Fl. Bras. 14*: 463. 1888; Tococa vesiculosa DC. Prodr. 3: 166. 1828 ;
Calophysa vesiculosa Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 140. 1871.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1071
dolle’s description was based upon one of Sessé and Mocifio’s plates,’ which
illustrates a plant agreeing well with JMaieta setosa except that the bristles
of the stem are ascending rather than recurved.
20. CLIDEMIA D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 306. 1823.
Shrubs, densely hairy; leaves petiolate, 3 to 7-nerved; entire or dentate;
flowers 4 to 6-parted, small, variously arranged; calyx tube urceolate, the
lobes short or elongate, interior lobes often developed within the outer lobes;
petals oblong or obovate, obtuse; stamens equal or nearly so; fruit a small
berry.
Flowers 4-parted, glomerate in the axils and sessile_____________ 1. C. rubra.
Flowers 5-parted, spicate, cymose, or paniculate, usually pedicellate.
ETO WEIS SD TCAUO eee eran res ted th We ee 2. C. dependens.
Flowers cymose or paniculate.
Interior calyx lobes well developed, 1 mm. long or longer.
3. C. chinantlana.
Interior calyx lobes obsolete.
Lobes of the calyx much shorter than the tube________ 4. C. deppeana.
Lobes of the calyx about as long as the tube.
Hairs of the calyx conspicuously dilated below and stellate; cymes
lone-pedunculaitess te not the ee od ie he, 5. C. laxiflora.
Hairs of the calyx slender, simple; cymes usually sessile or short-
pedunculate.
Leaves broadly rounded or subcordate at base__________ 6. C. hirta.
Leaves merely obtuse at base:
Leaves entire or obscurely crenulate______________ 7. C. dentata.
Leaves duplicate-serrulate____________________ 8. C, naudiniana.
1. Clidemia rubra (Aubl.) Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 152. 1832.
Melastoma rubrum Aubl. Pl. Guian. 416. pl. 161. 1775.
Sagraea rubra Triana, Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 28: 137. 1871.
Guerrero to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Central and South America.
Shrub, 1 meter high; leaves elliptic to ovate-oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, acute,
rounded at base, densely. setose-pilose, 5-nerved; calyx tube 3 to 4 mm. long,
the lobes 1.5 mm. long; petals red or pink, 3 to 5 mm. long; fruit black, 4
to 5 mm. in diameter.
2. Clidemia dependens D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 307. 1823.
Melastoma spicatum Aubl. Pl. Guian. 423. pl. 165. 1775.
Clidemia spicata DC. Prodr. 3: 159. 1828. Not C. spicata D. Don, 1823.
Michoacin to Oaxaca and Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South
America.
Shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high, densely setose and stellate-tomentose; leaves
ovate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 18 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at
base, duplicate-dentate, 5 or 7-nerved, setulose; flowers verticillate in the
spikes; calyx tube 3 mm. long, the outer lobes 3 to 4 mm. long; petals 4 mm.
long, greenish white or pink; fruit blue-black, edible.
3. Clidemia chinantlana (Naud.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 135. 1871.
Staphidium chinantlanum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 318. 1852.
Type from Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Leaves ovate, 10 to 15 cm. long, 5 to 8 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded or
subcordate at base, 7-nerved, denticulate, hirtellous above; panicles pyramidal,
ATT Se Te ay I I ee eee
1DC. Calq. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 336.
1072 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4 to 5 em. wide; calyx tube 3 to 4 mm. long, the outer lobes 2 mm. long;
petals white, 3 mm. long.
4. Clidemia deppeana Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 384. 1840.
Melastoma petiolare Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 562. 18380. Not M.
petiolare Mill. 1768.
Staphidium lindenianum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 314. 1852.
Staphidium gracile Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 314. 1852.
Clidemia petiolaris Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 135. 1871.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Yucatan; type from Hacienda de la Laguna,
Veracruz. Central America.
Slender shrub, the branches setose; leaves 5-nerved, ovate or ovate-oblong,
6 to 15 em. long, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, crenate-denticulate,
setose-pilose; cymes lax, few-flowered; calyx glandular-hirsute, the tube 3
mm. long, the lobes 1 to 1.5 mm. long; petals pink, 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit
5 to 6 mm. in diameter.
5. Clidemia laxiflora (Schlecht.) Walp.; Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 376.
1852.
Melastoma lazrifiorum Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 426. 1839.
Tepic to Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz. Central
America.
Branches densely spreading-setulose; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate or ellip-
tic-ovate, 8 to 13 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at base, 5-nerved, densely setose
with long slender fulvous hairs, denticulate or subentire; cymes 8 to 9-flowered,
long-pedunculate, the flowers all or chiefly sessile; calyx densely covered with
long yellow subulate hairs, the tube 3 to 4 mm. long, the lobes linear, 3 to 5
mm. long; petals 6 to 8 mm. long; fruit black.
6. Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 309. 1823.
Melastoma hirtum L. Sp. Pl. 390. 1753.
Staphidium chrysanthim Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 310. 1852.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Tabasco. West Indies; Central and South America.
Shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high, the stems setose and stellate-puberulent ; leaves
ovate or broadly ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, entire or crenulate, 5 or
7-nerved, setose; calyx tube 5 mm. long, the lobes about 4 mm. long; petals
white, pink, or yellow, 8 to 10 mm. long; fruit blackish, 6 to 7 mm. long.
**Camacey,”’ “camacey peludo” (Porto Rico); ‘“ grosella azulada” (Nica-
ragua) ; “ mortifio”’ (Colombia), “ peluda” (Hl Bale ger
The fruit is sweet and edible.
Clidemia serrulata (Schlecht.) Triana,’ the A of which came from
Huitamaleo, although maintained as distinct by Cogniaux, appears scarcely
distinguishable from C. hirta and C. naudiniana, which are closely related to
each other. It is doubtful, also, whether C. dentata is a distinct species.
7. Clidemia dentata D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 308. 18238.
Oaxaca and Chiapas. Central America to Peru.
Shrub, 4 meters high or less, the branches setose-hirsute; leaves oblong to
oblong-ovate, 6 to 17 em. long, long-acuminate, 5-nerved, unequal at base, setu-
lose; cymes few-flowered ; calyx tube 4 mm. long, the lobes 4 to 6 mm. long;
petals 6 mm. long, pink or purple; fruit 6 to 7 mm. long.
Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 28: 135. 1871; Melastoma serrulatum Schlecht. Lin-
naea 18: 425. 1839; Staphidium divaricatum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17: 315.
1852. :
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1073
8. Clidemia naudiniana Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 990. 1891.
Staphidium dependens Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 17:319. 1852. Not Cli-
demia dependens D. Don, 1823.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Tabasco.
Branches setose-hirsute; leaves ovate or lance-oblong, 6 to 15 cm. long, long-
acuminate, 5-nerved, setulose; cymes few-flowered ; calyx setose, the tube 3 mm.
long, the lobes 3 to 4 mm. long; petals white, 4 to 5 mm. long. ‘“ Colacién”
(Tabasco).
21. BELLUCIA Neck. Elem. Bot. 2: 143. 1790.
1. Bellucia macrophylla (D. Don) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 142.
1871.
Blakea macrophylla D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soe. 4: 326. 1823.
Bellucia superba Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 16: 104, 1851.
Reported from Tabasco; type from Mexico. Guatemala.
Tree; leaves petiolate, ovate or broadly elliptic, 20 to 30 em. long, abruptly
acute, 5-nerved, coriaceous, when young densely tomentulose beneath but soon
glabrous, entire; flowers axillary, solitary or fasciculate, long-pedicellate,
8-parted; calyx about 2 cm. broad, the limb divided into several lobes; petals
oblong, 2 cm. long; fruit baccate.
A related species, B. costaricensis Cogn., is known in Costa Rica as “ coro-
nillo.”
22. BLAKEA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1044. 1759.
1. Blakea purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 58. 1914.
Type from Cerro del Boqueron, Chiapas.
Shrub, the branches terete, glabrate; leaves petiolate, broadly elliptic, about
14 em. long and 9 cm. wide, obtuse or abruptly short-acuminate, 5-nerved, en-
tire, when young densely furfuraceous-tomentose beneath; flowers axillary,
long-pedicellate, the calyx subtended by 4 bracts about 1.5 cm. long; calyx
tomentose, 6-dentate.
23. TOPOBEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 476. 1775.
Shrubs, erect or scandent, often epiphytic; leaves petiolate, 3 to 7-nerved,
entire, with numerous transverse parallel nerves; flowers 6-parted, axillary
or lateral, solitary or fasciculate, pink or white; subtended at base by 4 free
or connate bracts; calyx campanulate, truncate or dentate; stamens equal or
nearly so, the anthers subulate; fruit baccate,
Leaves 5-nerved; pedicels mostly 5 mm. long or less____--_- 1. T. calycularis.
Leaves 3-nerved; pedicels mostly 10 to 15 mm. long__________ 2. T. laevigata.
1. Topobea calycularis Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 18: 149. 1852.
Type from Zuluzu, Chiapas. Central America.
Tree, sometimes 12 meters high, the branchlets tetragonous; leaves oblong-
elliptic, 8 to 13 cm. long, abruptly caudate-acuminate, acute at base, coriaceous,
glabrous; bracts coriaceous, appressed, rounded, 3 to 5 mm. long; calyx 7 to
8 mm. long, truncate and minutely 6-dentate; petals white or pink, ovate,
acutish, 8 mm. long.
2. Topobea laevigata (Don) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 18: 150. 1852.
Blakea laevigata D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 323. 1823.
Melastoma laevigatum Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 428, 1839.
1074 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
Topobea fragrans Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 18: 149. 1852.
Veracruz. Guatemala.
Erect shrub, 3.5 meters high, or epiphytic; leaves elliptic-obovate or oblong-
obovate, 7 to 13 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, attenuate at base,
coriaceous, glabrous; bracts rounded, 4 to 5 mm. long; calyx truncate, 7 to 8
mm. long; petals pink, 8 to 10 mm. long, obtuse.
24. MOURIRIA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 452. 1775.
Shrubs or small trees, glabrous throughout; leaves sessile, entire, coriaceous,
1-nerved or pinnate-nerved; flowers small, fasciculate in the axils, 5-parted;
calyx limb cupular; petals acute or acuminate; stamens 10, equal; fruit bac-
cate, globose, 1 to 4-seeded.
Leaves conspicuously pinnate-nerved, subcordate at base______ 1. M. muelleri.
Leaves 1-nerved, the lateral nerves obsolete, rounded at base__2. M. parvifolia.
1. Mouriria muelleri Cogn. in DC. Monogr. Phan. 7: 1118. 1891.
Oaxaca; type from Trapiche de la Concepci6n.
Leaves oblong or oblong-ovate, 5.5 to 10 em. long, acute; peduncles acticin
or geminate, 1 or 3-flowered, the pedicels 3 to 10 mm. long; calyx 4 to 5 mm.*
long, the lobes very short, deltoid; petals ovate, 2 to 3 mm. long; fruit about
1 cm. in diameter. “ Yaglancito amarillo” (Oaxaca, Reko).
2. Mouriria parvifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 97. pl. 36. 1844.
Tres Marias Islands, Tepic. Guatemala to Panama.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate, 1.5 to 6 em. long, acute or acumi-
nate; flowers solitary or fasciculate, the pedicels 1 to 4 mm. long; calyx 3
mm. long, the lobes linear-subulate, 3 mm. long; petals 5 mm. long; fruit glo-
bose, 8 mm. in diameter. “Camaron,” “capulin verde” (El Salvador).
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
MovurIrIA MEXICANA DC. Prodr. 3: 8. 1828. Description based upon one of
Sessé and Mocifio’s plates... The leaves are shown as petiolate, and the plant
probably does not belong to this genus and perhaps not to the family.
124. ONAGRACEAE. Evening-primrose Family.
Shrubs or small trees, or often herbs; leaves opposite or alternate, entire
or dentate, estipulate; flowers commonly perfect, mostly axillary, regular or
irregular; calyx tube adnate to the ovary and produced beyond it, the limb
usually 4-lobate; petals commonly 4, contorted; stamens 1 to 8, the anthers
oblong or linear; style filiform, the stigma entire or 4-lobate; fruit dry or
fleshy.
Numerous herbaceous plants of the family, representing several genera, occur
in Mexico.
Stamens 1 or 2.
Wertile: stamens 3s 2 ob ee hee ee 1. DIPLANDRA.
Fertile stamen 1.
Petals*subulate;, not clawed= 222) Ss SS eee 2. SEMEIANDRA.
Petals wCla Weg ek Frees ese? A th is ee eee 3. JEHLIA.
*DC. Calq. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 361.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1075
Stamens 8.
Seeds 1 in each cell of the fruit; ovary imbedded in the flowering branch.
4. BURRAGEA.
Seeds few or numerous in each cell; ovary free from the flowering branch.
I'ruit capsular; seeds winged or hairy.
Seeds each with a tuft of hairs at apex__________ 5. ZAUSCHNERIA.,
Seeds winged, not hairy.
Seeds in 2 rows in each cell; flowers large______________ 6. HAUYA.
Seeds in a single row; flowers small______________ 7. XYLONAGRA.
Fruit baccate; seeds neither winged nor hairy eienieale LR 8. FUCHSIA.
1. DIPLANDRA Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 291. 1839.
A single species is known.
1. Diplandra lopezioides Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 291. pl. 60. 1839.
Tepic.
Shrub, about 2 meters high, the stems covered with brown flaky bark;
leaves opposite, short-petiolate, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 9 cm. long,
serrate, acute, Scabrous-hispidulous; flowers red, in terminal racemes, long-
pedicellate, about 1 cm. long; calyx tube very short, the 4 lobes oblong-linear ;
petals short, obovate; stamens 2; fruit a 4-celled capsule, about 8 mm. long.
2. SEMEIANDRA Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 291. 1839.
Only the following species is known.
1. Semeiandra grandiflora Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 291. pl. 59. 1839.
Durango, Sinaloa, Tepic, and Jalisco; type from Tepic.
Slender shrub, about 2 meters high, the branches finely puberulent; leaves
opposite, petiolate, ovate or lanceolate, 3 to 10 cm. long, acute or obtuse, ser-
rulate, puberulent; flowers bright red, 3 to 4.5 em. long, axillary, forming leafy
racemes, long-pedicellate; calyx tube ventricose, the 4 lobes linear, 3 of them
reflexed, the other erect; petals linear-subulate, half as long as the sepals or
shorter ; stamens 2; fruit a globose capsule, about 6 mm. long.
3. JEHLIA Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 297. 1909.
A single species is known.
1. Jehlia grandiflora (Zucc.) Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 297. 1909.
Lopezia grandiflora Zuce. Flora 15: Beibl. 101. 1832.
Lopezia macrophylla Benth. Pl. Hartw. 83. 1841.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from “ Santiago.” Guatemala.
Plants fruticose; leaves opposite, petiolate, oblong-ovate or lance-oblong,
6 to 13 em. long, acuminate, attenuate or acute at base, serrulate, puberulent
or glabrate; flowers bright red, about 2 em. long, long-pedicellate, axillary,
forming dense leafy racemes; calyx tube very short, the 4 lobes lanceolate;
petals 4, unequal; stamens 2, one of them sterile; fruit a subglobose capsule,
4-celled, about 8 mm. long.
4. BURRAGEA Donn. Smith & Rose, Contr. U. S. Herb. 16: 297. 1913.
Low shrubs; leaves alternate, entire, petiolate; flowers axillary, sessile;
calyx tube very slender, elongate, the 4 sepals reflexed; petals 4; stamens
8, unequal; stigma capitate; ovary imbedded in the stem, 2-celled; capsule
1076 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2-celled, 2-seeded, imbedded in the flowering branch and tardily separating
from it.
Only two species are known.
Slemsmpuperalents. sss Sear FS oe ello ee oe one 1. B. fruticulosa.
po cr cht ch bay Leth | ks Aiea seamen Hae ee CD AC ee aple, 2d Reia ci SU aE I 2. B. frutescens.
1. Burragea fruticulosa (Benth.) Donn. Smith & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 16: 298. 1913.
Gaura fruticulosa Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 15. 1844.
Gongylocarpus fruticulosus T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 158. 1889.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Plants 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves linear or oblanceolate-linear, 1.5 to 3 em..
long, 1 to 4 mm. wide, acute; calyx tube about 1.5 em. long; petals 1 em.
long, rose-purple.
2. Burragea frutescens (Curran) Donn. Smith & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 16: 298. 1913.
Gongylocarpus frutescens Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 1: 231. 1888.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Shrub, 30 to 60 em. high, glabrous throughout, the branches usually purple;
leaves narrowly oblanceolate, 2 to 3 em. long, 7 mm. wide or less; calyx
tube 2 to 2.5 em. long; petals 12 mm. long.
5. ZAUSCHNERIA Pres], Rel. Haenk. 2: 28. 1831.
1. Zauschneria californica Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 28. pl. 52. 1831.
Zauschneria mexicana Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 29. 1831.
Baja California and Sonora. California to New Mexico; type from Monterey,
California.
Plants herbaceous or shrubby, 1.5 meters high or less; leaves sessile, the
lower opposite, the upper alternate, lanceolate to ovate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, acute,
entire or denticulate, densely pilose or glabrate; flowers bright red, 2 to 3 cm.
long, in leafy spikes; calyx tube funnelform, the limb 4-lobate; petals 4; sta-
mens 8, exserted; fruit a linear 4-celled capsule; seeds each with a tuft of hairs.
at apex.
A showy plant, sometimes known as “ California fuchsia.” The species is a
variable one, of which several segregates have been described.
6. HAUYA DC. Prodr. 3: 36. 1828.
REFERENCE: J. D. Smith and J. N. Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 288-296.
1913.
Shrubs or trees; leaves large, entire; flowers large, axillary, solitary; calyx
tube elongate, the lobes narrow; petals 4, sessile; stamens 8; fruit a woody cap-
sule.
Flowers pedicellate.
Calyx lobes short-appendaged at apex.___--_____--_--____-__ 1. H. rusbyi.
Calyx lobes not appendaged=— "= 224) 2 Sees 2. H. barcenae..
Flowers sessile.
Calyx lobes not appendaged==4— 22 =*-— 2 eee 3. H. elegans.
Calyx lobes appendaged 220222 ee eee 4. H. microcerata.
1. Hauya rusbyi Donn. Smith & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 291. f. 48.
1913.
Guerrero; type from Monte Limén, altitude 1,850 meters.
"
}
a
f
3
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1077
Small tree; leaves oval-ovate or elliptic-ovate, 6.5 to 12 em. long, abruptly
short-acuminate, rounded at base, pilosulous; calyx tube 3 em. long, the lobes 4
to 5 em. long; capsule 3.5 to 4 cm. long, about 8 mm. thick.
2. Hauya barcenae Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 18. 1878.
Type from Huajuapan, Oaxaca.
Tree, 12 meters high; leaves ovate-rounded, 5 to 6.5 cm. long, acute, rounded
at base, puberulent; calyx tube 3.5 cm. long, the lobes of the same length;
capsule 5 em. long.
3. Hauya elegans DC. Prodr. 3: 36. 1828.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known; reported from Hidalgo by
Hemsley.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 12 meters high; leaves lanceolate to rounded-ovate,
3.5 to 6 cm. long, acuminate, grayish-velutinous beneath; flowers about 12.5
em. long; calyx lobes half as long as the tube; petals pink; capsule 3.5 cm.
long.
4. Hauya microcerata Donn. Smith & Rose, Bot. Gaz. 52: 46. 1911.
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Santa Rosa.
Leaves oblong to rounded, 7 to 11 cm. long, obtuse or subacute, velutinous-
pilose; calyx tube 8 to 10 cm. long, the lobes 3.5 to 4 em. long; petals 3 ecm.
long; capsule 5 em. long.
7%. XYLONAGRA Donn. Smith & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 294. 1913.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Xylonagra arborea (Kellogg) Donn. Smith & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
16: 294. 1913.
Oenothera arborea Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 32. 1859.
Hauya californica S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 366. 1885.
Hauya arborea Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 1: 253. 1888.
Dry hillsides, Baja California and the adjacent islands; type from Cedros
Island. .
Shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high, the branches brown, puberulent when young;
leaves alternate, short-petiolate, lanceolate or oblong, 8 to 15 mm. long, en-
tire, puberulent, gland-tipped ; flowers racemose, 2 to 2.5 em. long, bright red;
calyx lobes about half as long as the tube; petals red, 5 mm. long; capsule
10 to 12 mm. long, 4-celled.
The shrub is abundant in some localities, forming small thickets. The
racemes vary greatly in length, some of them consisting of only two or three
flowers and others of as many as a hundred. After fruiting the racemes some-
times. develop terminal leafy shoots.
8. FUCHSIA L. Sp. Pl. 1191. 1753.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves mostly opposite or verticillate, entire or den-
tate; flowers small or large, pink, red, or purple, perfect or unisexual, axillary,
racemose, or paniculate; calyx tube short or elongate, the limb 4-lobate;
petals 4; stamens 8; fruit baccate, 4-celled, few or many-seeded.
Most of the cultivated fuchsias are of South American origin, and some of
the South American ones are grown in Mexican gardens, where they are
known as “arete,” “Adelaida,” “ flor de arete,” “ aretillo,” “ fusia,” or “ flusia.”
The fruits are edible, and those of F. splendens are said to be used in
Guatemala for preserves. Some of the species are reported to have tonic,
astringent, and febrifuge properties.
T96SS—24 16
1078 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
Stamens longer than the petals; flowers large, 3 to 7.5 em. long.
Mowers stoi Syem. slong == tes:) er atyiel kes ere Pe fh te a 1. F. fulgens.
Flowers (excluding the ovary) 3 to 3.8 cm. long.
Calyx tube glabrous within, not ventricose above the ovary; petals ovate-
COUR INCL Gh ok Sp aes ee eee eee 2. F. intermedia.
Calyx tube villosulous within, ventricose above the ovary; petals lance-
OV DCC 2 ee ee ee ee ee eee eee ee 3. F. splendens.
Stamens shorter than the petals; flowers small, less than 2 ecm. long.
Mowers) in: terminal. panicles, ereet-==- = see 4, F. arborescens.
Flowers axillary, drooping.
Woune: branches elabprous22 Ube See es a Oe 5. F. bacillaris.
Young branches variously pubescent.
Calyx tube and‘ovary slabrous=220 Sr 2 eee 6. F. microphylla.
Calyx tube and ovary puberulent or pilose (sometimes very incon-
spicuously so).
Lobes of the calyx nearly or quite as long as the tube.
Lobes longer than the tube; flowers about 6 mm. long; leaves
SOnTU aie: Se a ie oy te Ee Se 7. EF. minimiflora.
Lobes equaling or slightly shorter than the tube; flowers 8 to 12 mm.
long’; Jeayes, mostly ,entire. — 5.22 a ee 8. F. thymifolia.
Lobes of the calyx much shorter than. the tube.
Cglyx tube opeente: 25200. ee es oe ee 9. F. pringlei.
Calyx tube cylindric.
Calyx hirsute: orepilosulous: === 22=es 10. F. chiapensis.
Calyx puberulent.
Leayesipsenrula te asic). eet Bed eg ES nes 11. F. minutiflora.
heaves mostly, (entire. 32222223) ee 12. F. parviflora.
1. Fuchsia fulgens DC. Prodr. 3: 39. 1828.
Michoacan.
Shrub, 0.3 to 1.2 meters high, with tuberous-thickened roots; leaves long-
petiolate, broadly ovate or rounded-ovate, 8 to 17 cm. long, abruptly short-
acuminate, rounded or cordate at base, serrulate, thinly pubescent or glabrate;
flowers in short racemes, glabrate; calyx lobes 12 to 14 mm. long; petals half
as long as the calyx lobes; fruit ellipsoid, 2 cm. long or larger. ‘“ Adelaida,”
“ aretillo,” “ flor de arete.”
2. Fuchsia intermedia Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 14. 1878.
Type from Cumbre de Totontepeque, Oaxaca, altitude 3,000 meters.
Guatemala.
Shrub, the branchlets puberulent; leaves ovate or cordate-ovate, 10 to 12.5
em. long, acuminate, obscurely denticulate; flowers axillary, pedicellate, nod-
ding; calyx sparsely puberulent outside, the lobes half as long as the tube;
petals a third as long as the calyx lobes.
8. Fuchsia splendens Zucc. Flora 18322: Beibl. 102. 1832.
Chiapas. Guatemala.
Shrub, the branchlets pubescent; leaves broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, 5
to 12.5 em. long, acuminate, denticulate, pubescent; flowers axillary, nodding;
calyx pilosulous, the lobes half as long as the tube; fruit 3.5 cm. long or
even larger.
4, Fuchsia arborescens Sims in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 2620. 1826.
Fuchsia paniculata Lindl. Gard. Chron. 1856: 301. 1856.
Fuchsia liebmanni Léveillé, Bull. Geogr. Bot. 22: 24. 1912.
Michoacin to Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1079
Shrub or tree, 1.5 to 6 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves opposite
or ternate, oblanceolate or oblanceolate-oblong, 7 to 20 em. long, acute or acu-
minate, attenuate at base, entire or serrulate; flowers very numerous, pink
or purplish; about 12 mm. long; lobes of the calyx about as long as the tube;
fruit subglobose, 1 cm. in diameter. “ Don Diego de dia,” ‘‘ atexfichil” (Mexico,
Urbina) ; “ Adelaida” (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Ramirez); “ aretillo” (Michoacan,
Ramirez); ‘“chorros” (Jalisco, Villada); ‘flor de arete” (Veracruz,
Ramirez).
5. Fuchsia bacillaris Lindl. Bot. Reg. pl. 1480. 1832.
Michoacin to Chiapas; described from cultivated plants of Mexican origin.
Guatemala.
Shrub. 1 to 3 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves slender-petiolate,
lanceolate to elliptic, 1.5 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, callous-serrulate, thick ;
flowers 10' to 12 mm. long; lobes of the calyx equaling or shorter than the
tube.
6. Fuchsia microphylla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 103. pl. 534. 1823.
Fuchsia mixta Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 15. 1878.
Jalisco to Mexico and Oaxaca; type from Volcin de Jorullo. Central
America.
Shrub, 2 meters high or less, the branches puberulent; leaves ovate to
rounded, 5 to 20 mm. long, obtuse or acute, serrulate, glabrous or nearly so;
flowers 10 to 14 mm. long; lobes of the calyx less than half as long as the
tube.
7. Fuchsia minimifiora Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 14. 1878.
Morelos and Chiapas; type from Chiapas.
Shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate, 2.5 to 6.5 em.
long, acuminate, acute at base, sparsely pubescent; flowers puberulent, the
calyx lobes with long slender tips.
8. Fuchsia thymifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 6: 104. pl. 535. 1823.
Jalisco to Mexico and Oaxaca; type from Patzcuaro, Michoacan.
Slender shrub, about a meter high, with puberulent branches; leaves ovate
lanceolate to orbicular, 1 to 5 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex; flowers pur-
plish red, the calyx tube obconie.
9. Fuchsia pringlei Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 106. 1893.
Tepic and Jalisco to Mexico; type from mountains near Pitzcuaro, Michoacan.
Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches puberulent; leaves ovate to
rounded, 5 to 25 mm. long, acute to rounded at apex, serrulate or entire,
puberulent or glabrate; flowers purplish, 6 to 8 mm. long.
Probably not distinct from F. thymifolia. r
10. Fuchsia chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 59, 1914.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas.
Branches pilose or hirsutulous; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, 1.5 to 3.5 em.
long, obtuse or acute, pilose or pilosulous beneath, serrulate or entire; flowers
about 1 em. long.
11. Fuchsia minutiflora Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 15. 1878.
Michoacin to Chiapas and Veracruz; type from Orizaba. Central America.
Slender shrub, the branches puberulent; leaves ovate-lanceolate to rounded,
8 to 20 mm. long, obtuse or acute, serrulate, glabrous or puberulent; flowers
purplish red, 6 to 10 mm. long.
1080 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
12. Fuchsia parviflora Zuce. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 2: 337. 1831-36.
Michoacin to Mexico and Chiapas. Central America.
Shrub, the branches puberulent; leaves ovate-lanceolate to broadly elliptic,
1 to 5 em. long, obtuse or acute; flowers polygamous or dioecious, 8 to 15
mm. long. ‘“ Sacatinta” (El Salvador).
125. ARALIACEAE. Ginseng Family.
Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs, sometimes epiphytic, the pubescence, if any,
chiefly of branched hairs; leaves alternate, simple or compound, stipulate;
flowers perfect or unisexual, umbellate or capitate, small, greenish; calyx
tube adnate to the ovary, the limb short, truncate or dentate; petals usually
5; stamens as many as the petals; styles as many as the ovary cells; fruit
baceate, containing 2 to 7 1-seeded nutlets.
One of the best-known plants of the family is ginseng, Panar quinquefolium
l., a native of the United States. The fleshy roots are exported to China,
where they are highly valued for their supposed medicinal virtues, and the
plant has been cultivated rather extensively in the United States to obtain
the roots for export.
The English ivy (“hiedra extranjera”), Hedera heliz L., a slender vine
with handsome, dark green, simple leaves, is sometimes cultivated in Mexico.
Petals imbricate; leaves pinnate or bipinnate_-___-___-__________ 1. ARALIA.
Petals valvate; leaves simple or digitately compound.
Endosperm ruminate; flowers capitate; leaves simple or compound.
2. OREOPANAX.
Endosperm not ruminate; flowers umbellate; leaves entire or lobate.
3. GILIBERTIA.
1. ARALIA L. Sp. Pl. 273. 1753.
Shrubs, small trees, or herbs; leaves pinnate or bipinnate, the leaflets
toothed; flowers in umbels, these racemose or paniculate, the bracts small;
calyx 5-dentate; petals 5, imbricate, greenish; stamens 5; fruit fleshy, com-
posed of usually 5 carpels.
The Mexican species are unarmed, but some of those of other regions are
furnished with prickles.
Leaflets glabrous beneath.
Leaves once pinnate; leaflets subcordate at base__-_-__~_ 1. A. scopulorum.
Leaves mostly bipinnate; leaves obtuse or acute at base____2. A. regeliana.
Leaflets pubescent beneath.
Pedicels...clabrovse.¢ te as a ee ee 3. A. humilis.
Pedicels pubescent
Leaves usually onee pinnate; leaflets serrulate, densely pubescent be-
MOREE. cote ae Ne hat eet at Seat & Ta ee 4. A. pubescens.
Leaves bipinnate; leaflets sharply serrate, green and very sparsely pubes-
Cent Denesath 5. A. racemosa,
1. Aralia scopulorum T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 165. pl. 8. 1889.
Mountains of Baja California; type from Comondti Canyon.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaflets 5 or 7, broadly ovate or elliptic, 3 to 6
em. long, acuminate, usually subcordate at base, coarsely crenate; umbels few,
racemose, the pedicels puberulent; petals 3 mm. long; stylopodium conic.
2. Aralia regeliana Marchal, Bull. Acad. Brux. II. 47: 73. 1879.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type from Victoria, Tamaulipas.
ae
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1081
Shrub or small tree; leaflets long-petiolulate, ovate to narrowly lanceolate,
4 to 7 em. long, long-acuminate, crenate-serrate or subentire, thin; umbels
few, long-pedunculate, racemose, the pedicels glabrous; fruit about 5 mm. in
diameter.
8. Aralia humilis Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 7. pl. 313. 1797.
?Aralia brevifolia Marchal, Bull. Acad. Brux, Il. 47: 74. 1879.
?Aralia pinnata Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 48. 1887.
Chihuahua and Sonora to Morelos and Oaxaca. Southern Arizona.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, with brown branches; leaves (except the upper-
most) bipinnate, the leaflets oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 2 to 5 em. long,
acuminate, rounded or shallowly cordate at base, serrate or crenate, coarsely
pubescent ; umbels numerous, paniculate; fruit 4 to 5 mm. in diameter, 5-sulcate.
4. Aralia pubescens DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 80. 1813.
Sonora to Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree, with thick corky bark; leaflets 5 to 11, ovate to
broadly elliptic, 3 to 6 cm. long, acute or abruptly acuminate, rounded at
base, densely and coarsely pubescent; umbels numerous, racemose-paniculate ;
petals 2 mm. long; fruit about 5 mm. in diameter; styles united to form a
slender beak. ‘ Cuajilotillo” (Sinaloa).
It is not certain that the plant described here is the one described by De
Candolle as Aralia pubescens, but it is a species quite distinct from 4A.
humilis. Aralia pubescens may be a synonym of A. humilis.
5. Aralia racemosa L. Sp. Pl. 273. 1753.
Mountains of Chihuahua and Durango. Widely distributed in the United
States and Canada.
Plants herbaceous or sometimes woody, 1 to 2 meters high; leaflets broadly
ovate, 5 to 15 em. long, abruptly acuminate, rounded or cordate at base, thin,
sharply serrate, the teeth cuspidate-apiculate; umbels numerous, racemose-
paniculate; fruit 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, dark purple.
In the United States the plant is known as “American spikenard.” The
roots are fragrant and have an aromatic sweetish flavor. They have been
much used medicinally, chiefly in domestic practice, for their gently stimulant.
diaphoretic, and alterative action, particularly in rheumatic, syphilitic, and
cutaneous affections. In their properties they resemble sarsaparilla.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES
ARALIA CHILAPENSIS Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 48. 1887. Type from
Chilapa, Guerrero. The leaflets are said to be glabrous.
2. OREOPANAX Decaisne & Planch. Rev. Hort. 1854: 107. 1854.
Shrubs or trees, sometimes epiphytic; leaves long-petiolate, entire, lobed,
or digitately compound; flowers capitate, polygamo-dioecious, the heads race-
mose or paniculate; calyx entire or nearly so; petals 4 to 7, usually 5, valvate;
fruit 2 to 7-celled.
Leaves simple, entire or with a few low teeth.
WMlower heads) Sessile. 2-825 2s ee La ee 1, O. platyphyllum.
Flower heads pedunculate.
Staminate heads 5 to 7-flowered; pistillate heads usually 2-flowered.
2. O. liebmanni,
Staminate heads 20 to 50-flowered; pistillate heads 5 to 12-flowered.
NECAV ES uel a TOMS alts tere mee ieee ee ee he 3. O. capitatum.
Leaves stellate-pubescent, densely so beneath__________ 4. O. flaccidum.
1082 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves deeply lobed or digitately compound.
heaves: deeply Hlobedis 24. 20 a@an ce pep mei pee tel ee 5. O. salvinii.
Leaves digitately compound.
Leaflets sessile; bractlets densely pale-tomentose with long soft hairs,
concealing the flowers; leaflets 4.5 to 12 cm. wide, covered with
stalkedystellate shaing= = 28 sie 2 cs ee 6. O. echinops.
Leaflets petiolulate; bractlets glabrate or puberulent, not concealing the
flowers; leaflets mostly 2.5 to 45 em. wide, rarely wider, glabrous,
or the pubescence of the upper surface, at least, of sessile stellate
hairs.
Leaflets densely stellate-pubescent beneath, the hairs stalked.
7. O. langlassei.
Leaflets glabrous beneath, or the pubescence of minute sessile stellate
16 oS pape et ee a 8. O. xalapense.
1. Oreopanax platyphyllum Marchal, Bull. Acad. Brux. II. 47: 88. 1879.
Type from Jocotepec (Oaxaca ?).
Plants glabrous throughout; leaves long-petiolate, suborbicular or rounded-
ovate, 10 to 20 em. wide, with 2 or 3 triangular teeth or entire, thin; panicles
8 to 12 cm. long, the heads 1 cm. in diameter, the pistillate ones 5 to 8-flowered ;
fruit 7-sulcate.
2. Oreopanax liebmanni Marchal, Bull. Acad. Brux. II. 47: 87. 1879.
Veracruz and probably elsewhere; type from ‘“Alpatlahua.” Guatemala.
Plants glabrous throughout; leaves long-petiolate, elliptic or elliptic-oblong,
10 to 18 em. long, 4 to 8 em. wide, abruptly acuminate, cuneate or obtuse at
base, entire, coriaceous; panicles 8 to 20 em. long; fruit 5-seeded.
8. Oreopanax capitatum (Jacq.) Planch. & Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1854: 108.
1854.
Aralia capitata Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 89. pl. 61. 1763.
Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America.
Shrub, usually epiphytic, sparsely puberulent in the inflorescence, otherwise
glabrous; leaves ovate, elliptic, or rounded, 10 to 25 cm. long or larger, acute
to rounded at apex and abruptly short-acuminate, obtuse to subcordate at
base, coriaceous; panicles 10 to 30 cm. long, the staminate heads about 5 mm.
in diameter; fruit 4 to 6 mm. in diameter.
4. Oreopanax flaccidum, Marchal, Bull. Acad. Brux. II. 47: 84. 1879.
Veracruz and Puebla, and perhaps elsewhere; type from Huitamalco.
Tree; leaves long-petiolate, ovate or ovate-elliptic, 13 to 30 cm. long, short-
acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, entire, coarsely stellate-pubescent or
finally glabrate; panicles large, the heads numerous; fruit about 5 mm. in
diameter.
5. Oreopanax salvinii Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 16. 1878.
Oreopanazx jaliscanum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 151. 1890.
Aralia lobata Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 86. 1894.
Sonora to Oaxaca and Puebla. Guatemala; type from Volecin de Fuego.
Tree, 12 meters high or less; leaves long-petiolate, 15 to 50 cm. wide, deeply
cordate at base, deeply 5 or T-lobate, the lobes broad or narrow, obtuse to
acuminate, sinuate-lobate, when young densely stellate-tomentose beneath but
in age often glabrous; panicles very large, the heads small, numerous, long-
stalked; fruit black, 2-celled, about 6 mm. in diameter. ‘‘Mano de leon”
(Sinaloa).
The leaves vary greatly in shape and pubescence, but there is no ap-
parent reason for recognizing more than a single species.
ede ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1083
6. Oreopanax echinops (Schlecht. & Cham.) Planch. & Decaisne, Rev. Hort.
1854: 108. 1854.
Aralia echinops Schlecht.,& Cham. Linnaea 5: 409 1830.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Shrub or tree, densely and coarsely stellate-pubescent throughout; leaflets
5 (some of the leaves occasionally only lobed), obovate or oblong-obovate, 9
to 26 em. long, sessile, abruptly cuspidate-acuminate, thin, remotely sinuate-
dentate or subentire; heads 1.5 to 2.5 ecm. long, on stout peduncles, in long
simple racemes, very dense and many-flowered, the bractlets cuspidate-
acuminate.
7. Oreopanax langlassei Standl., sp. nov.
Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacéin or Guerrero, altitude 1,750 meters
(Langlassé 796; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 3861938).
hrub or small tree, 4 to 5 meters high; leaves (only one seen) long-
petiolate, the leaflets 7, slender-petiolulate, narrowly lance-oblong, 10 to 14
em. long, 2.5 to 8 em. wide, long-acuminate, cuneate at base, entire, finely
pubescent above with sessile stellate hairs, coarsely pubescent beneath with
stipitate stellate hairs; racemes very long (40 em. or more) and slender,
densely stellate-pubescent, the peduncles slender, about 2.5 cm. long; staminate
heads 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, dense, many-flowered.
8. Oreopanax xalapense (H. B. K.) Decaisne & Planch. Rev. Hort. 1854:
108. 1854.
Aralia xalapensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 5: 8. 1821.
Monopanaz ghiesbreghtii Regel, Gartenflora 18: 35. pl. 606. 1869.
Oreopanaz thibautii Hook. f. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 104: pl. 6340. 1878.
Oreopanar taubertianum Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 19: 4. 1894.
Oreopanaz loesenerianum Harms, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 23: 127. 1896.
Jalisco to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central
America.’
Shrub or small tree, sometimes epiphytic; leaflets 5 to 9, narrowly oblong to
obovate, 8 to 30 cm. long, acute to long-acuminate, entire or serrate toward the
apex, when young usually minutely stellate-pubescent beneath but soon gla-
brate; heads 5 to 15 mm. in diameter, in long racemes; fruit black. “ Higuera ”
(Costa Rica) ; ‘‘ brasil” (Hl Salvador).
The rather ample material available exhibits notable diversity in size and
shape of leaflets and size of heads, and it may be that more than a single
species is represented. Much more material is necessary, however, before this
ean be determined, and it seems probable to the writer that all the specimens
represent a single variable species. O. taubertianuwm is a form with serrate
leaflets, O. loesenerianum is noteworthy for the small staminate heads, which
are only 5 mm. in diameter.
8. GILIBERTIA Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 50. 1794.
Glabrous shrubs or trees; leaves simple, entire or 3-lobate, long-petiolate ;
umbels paniculate or umbellate, the bracts minute or none; flowers perfect ;
ealyx entire or 5 or 6-denticulate; petals 5 or 6; fruit fleshy, 5 or 6-celled.
Lateral nerves of the leaves ascending at an acute angle.____ 1. G. arborea.
Lateral nerves divaricate horizontally_____-_-________-___ 2. G. juergenseni.
1. Gilibertia arborea (L.) Marchal, Bull. Soe. Bot. Belg. 30: 281. 1891.
Aralia arborea L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 967. 1759.
Hedera alaris Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 605. 1854.
1084 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Dendropanax arboreum Planch. & Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1854: 107. 1854.
Dendropanaz alare Planch. & Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1854: 107. 1854.
?Gilibertia populifolia Marchal, Bull. Acad. Brux. II. 47: 77. 1879.
?Dendropanaz langeanum Marchal, Bull. Acad. Brux. II. 47: 79. 1879.
Gilibertia insularis Rose, U. S. Dept. Agr. N“ Amer. Fauna 14: 83. 1899.
Tepic to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. West Indies; Central and
South America.
Tree, 8 to 20 meters high, the branches whorled; leaves oblong to broadly
ovate, 10 to 20 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded to acute at base, entire,
those on young shoots often 3 or 5-lobate; umbels few, the pedicels 5 to 10 mm.
long; fruit black, about 6 mm. in diameter. ‘Palo santo” (Tamaulipas) ;
“palo de danta,” “mano de danta” (Oaxaca); “mano de leén” (Durango,
Sinaloa, El Salvador) ; ‘“‘cacho de venado” (Costa Rica); “ vibona” (Cuba,
Porto Rico) ; “palo cachimba,” “ bibona,”’ “ ram6én de vaca,” “ahorea jibaro ”
(Cuba); “pana,” “palo cachumba,” “ mufieca” (Porto Rico); “ vaquero”
(Panama).
The wood is said to be fibrous, rather heavy, yellow, with reddish heartwood.
It is little used except for fuel. The leaves are employed in Tamaulipas as
a remedy for fever.
The writer has seen no authentic material of Marchal’s species, but the
descriptions do not suggest any important differences. Gilibertia populifolia
was made the type of a new subgenus because of its 6-parted (rather than
5-parted) flowers, but the flowers of G. arborea appear to be variable in the
number of their parts.
Aralia fruticosa, A. tuxtlensis, and A. longifolia of Sessé and Mocifio’ are
probably synonyms of this species.
2. Gilibertia juergenseni (Seem.) Standl.
Dendropanaz juergensent Seem. Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 2: 301. 1864.
Type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca. ‘
Leaves ovate-oblong or oblong, 18 cm. long and 10 ecm. wide or smaller,
acuminate, entire, attenuate at base; umbels compound.
Known to the writer only from the original description; perhaps only a
form of G. arborea.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
DENDROPANAX CITRIFOLIUM Planch. & Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1854: 107. 1854.
A nomen nudum. Hemsley, under this name, cites a specimen from Oaxaca.
126. CORNACEAE. Dogwood Family.
REFERENCE: Wangerin in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 56a, 229. 1910.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite, entire, deciduous or persistent, estipu-
late; flowers small, perfect or dioecious; calyx 4 or 5-toothed; petals 4 or 5,
valvate; stamens 4 or 5; fruit a drupe or berry.
Flowers dioecious, in ament-like racemes______--______________ 1. GARRYA.
Flowers perfect, in heads or cymes_—__--_____--___ 2. CORNUS.
1. GARRYA Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. 20: pl. 1686. 1834.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves persistent, opposite, petiolate, entire, coriaceous ;
flowers small, dioecious, in ament-like racemes, the staminate pedicellate,
the pistillate sessile or nearly so; staminate flowers with 4 valvate sepals,
without petals, the stamens 4; pistillate flowers without perianth; fruit baccate,
1 or 2-seeded.
* Fl. Mex. 86, 87. 1894.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1085
Garrya fremontii Torr., of Oregon and California, is known as “ feverbush,”
“skunkbush,” or “ quinine-bush.” The bitter leaves contain an alkaloid, garry-
ine, and are used in California as a tonie and antiperiodic.
Inflorescences simple; flowers usually 3 in each bract__________ 1. G. veatchii.
Inflorescences all or mostly branched; flowers solitary in the bracts.
Plants ‘labrous, throughoute._ ise od. phetel 3 nest pile 2. G. glaberrima.
Plants variously pubescent.
Leaves all or mostly less than twice as long as broad, elliptic or ovate-
elliptic.
Leaves glabrous beneath or sparsely sericeous______-_-____ 3. G wrightii.
Leaves, at least when young, covered beneath with loose curled
| EE ops Pe AS ge ee UM I a Pm ae 4, G. ovata.
Leaves mostly two and one-half to four times as long as broad, oblong,
elliptic-oblong, or lanceolate.
Bracts of the fruiting racemes linear or linear-lanceolate; leaves acute
or acuminate.
Leaves glabrous beneath or with sparse appressed hairs.
5. G. salicifolia.
Leaves with short curved hairs beneath____________ 6. G. longifolia.
Bracts, at least the lower ones, large and resembling the leaves; leaves
mostly rounded or obtuse at. apex___-_____.__---- 7. G. laurifolia.
1. Garrya veatchii Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5: 40. 1873.
Garrya flavescens palmeri S. Wats.; Brew. & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 276. 1880.
Garrya veatchii palmeri Eastw. Bot. Gaz. 36: 458. 1903.
Baja California; type from Cedros Island. Southern California.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, the young shoots sericeous; leaves ovate-
lanceolate or elliptic-ovate, 2.5 to 7.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, glabrate
and lustrous above, tomentulose beneath; fruiting racemes 2.5 to 5 ecm. long;
fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter.
2. Garrya glaberrima Wang. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 56a: 12. 1910.
Type from Encarnaci6n, Jalisco.
Glabrous shrub; leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 5 to 6 cm. long, mucronulate,
lustrous above; pistillate racemes few-flowered, 4.5 cm. long or less; fruit 7
to 8 mm. in diameter.
8. Garrya wrightii Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 186. 1856.
Chihuahua and Sonora. Western Texas to southern Arizona; type from
Santa Rita, New Mexico.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the branchlets sericeous; leaves elliptic-oblong
to broadly elliptic, 3.5 to 5 ecm. long, mucronulate, in age glabrous or nearly
so; pistillate racemes 3 to 7 cm. long, the lower bracts foliaceous; fruit dark
blue, 4 to 7 mm. in diameter.
4. Garrya ovata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 14. 1839.
Garrya goldmanii Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 157. 1913.
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi and. Puebla; type from Guanajuato. Western
Texas and southern New Mexico.
Shrub, 0.5 to 8 meters high, the branchlets tomentulose; leaves 2.5 to 5 cm.
long, obtuse or subacute, when young usually densely tomentulose on both
surfaces, in age glabrate and lustrous above; fruit dark blue, 4 to 8 mm. in
diameter.
Wangerin gives as a vernacular name “ jaraskigo,” which must be a corrup-
tion of some Mexican word.
1086 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
5. Garrya salicifolia Eastw. Bot. Gaz. 36: 463. 1903.
Mountains of Baja California; type from Sierra de la Laguna.
Shrub, 3.5 to 5.5 meters high, the branchlets sericeous; leaves lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, soon glabrate; fruit globose, 5 to 6 mm.
in diameter.
6. Garrya longifolia Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 55. 1903.
Morelos; type from Sierra de Tepoxtlin, altitude 2,500 meters.
Small tree, the branchlets cinereous-pubescent; leaves lanceolate, 6 to 10.5
em. long, glabrate on the upper surface; fruit about 7 mm. in diameter.
7. Garrya laurifolia Hartw.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 14. 1839.
Garrya macrophylla Hartw.; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 50. 1840.
Garrya oblonga Benth. Pl. Hartw. 51. 1840.
Garrya racemosa Ramirez, Anal. Inst. Méd. Nac. Méx. 1: 298. 1895.
Garrya gracilis Wang. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 56a: 16. 1910.
Chihuahua to Veracruz, Chiapas, and Jalisco; type from Guanajuato.
Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high, the branchlets cinereous-
tomentulose; leaves mostly oblong, lance-oblong, or oblanceolate-oblong, 6 to
15 cm. long, soon glabrate; fruit dark blue, glabrous, 5 to 8 mm. in diameter.
“Cuauchichiec,” “ chichicuahuitl,” “ quauhchichic” (Mexico, Hidalgo, etc.) ;
“cuahuchichi” (Morelos); “zapotillo”; “ovitano”; “ guachichi” (Oaxaca,
Reko; from the Nahuatl cuauchichic, “ bitter-tree’’).
The bark is very bitter and is said to contain an active principle, garryine.
It is much used in Mexico as a remedy for diarrhoea.
This species is slightly variable, and several varieties are recognized by
Wangerin, but none of them appear to be of systematic importance. One col-
lection reported from Chihuahua by Wangerin as G. ovata lindheimeri (Torr.)
Coult. & Evans is referable to G. lawrifolia.
2. CORNUS L. Sp. Pl. 117. 1753.
Shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, entire; flowers small, perfect, cymose or
capitate, the heads sometimes involucrate; calyx limb turbinate or campanu-
late, 4-dentate; petals 4, valvate; stamens 4; fruit drupaceous.
Flowers in cymes.
Stone of the fruit compressed; leaves usually with 5 or 6 pairs of nerves.
1. C. stolonifera.
Stone not compressed, terete; leaves usually with 2 to 4 pairs of nerves.
2. C. excelsa.
Flowers capitate.
Head surrounded by 4 large petal-like bracts______________ 3. C. urbiniana.
Head surrounded by small green bracts_________________-_ 4. C. disciflora.
1. Cornus stolonifera Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1:92. 1808.
Cornus nelsoni Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 5: 54. 1903.
Chihuahua. Widely distributed in the United States and Canada.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the stems reddish purple, the young branches
strigose-sericeous; leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, acute, pale
beneath and sparsely sericeous; cymes 2.5 to 5 cm. wide; petals white, 4 mm.
long; fruit white or bluish, 5 to 7 mm. in diameter.
The red-osier dogwood is common along streams in the United States, espe-
cially in the West. The branches were often employed by the Indians in mak-
ing baskets. This is one of the plants to which the name kinnikinnick has
been given, the leaves and inner bark having been smoked, either alone or
mixed with tobacco, by the Indians.
SREP PO Se 5 2 eT ae eS ee I
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1087
2. Cornus excelsa H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 3: 4380. 1818.
Cornus tolucensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 430. 1818.
Cornus declinata Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 29. 1893.
Cornus lanceolata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 55. 1903.
Tepic to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Chiapas; type collected between
Chaleo and the City of Mexico. Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, 7.5 meters high or less, the branches purplish or brown,
puberulent at first; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, long-acuminate,
thinly strigillose or pilosulous beneath or glabrate; cymes rather few-flow-
ered; petals white, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long; fruit pale blue, 5 to 6 mm. in diam-
eter. “Palo de membrillo” (San Luis Potosi) ; “ topoza” (Mexico, Veracruz) ;
“ tepeacuilotl,” “ tepecuilo,” ‘‘ tepecuilote” (Valley of Mexico) ; “ aceitunillo ”
(Nueva Farmacopea Mexicana); “ jazmin- cimarron ” (Mexico).
The bark is employed locally as a tonic and astringent. Palmer reports that
in San Luis Potosi the tough branches are used for fastening down the roofs
of houses.
This species was reported by Sessé and Mocifio as @. alba.
8. Cornus urbiniana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 8: 53. 1903.
Cornus florida urbiniana Wang. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 229: 87. 1910.
Veracruz; type from Cerro de San Cristébal, near Orizaba.
Large shrub or small tree; leaves ovate-elliptic, 7 to 14 cm. long, acuminate,
glabrate above, pale beneath and sericeous-strigillose; flower heads peduncu-
late, the bracts white and petal-like, oblong or narrowly obovate, 5 cm. long or
less; fruit red. ‘“‘ Corona de Montezuma,” “corona de San Pedro.”
This is very closely related to C. florida L., the flowering dogwood, one of the
handsomest trees of the United States. The Mexican plant differs chiefly in
its narrower bracts, and it is doubtful whether it is more than a mere form of
Cornus florida, under which name it was reported by Hemsley.
Cornus florida, as found in the United States, is a tree, sometimes 15 meters
high, with hard, tough, close-grained, red-brown wood, with a specific gravity of
about 0.81. The wood is much used for wheel hubs, tool handles, and other
articles, and has been used as a source of charcoal for gunpowder. The bark is
reputed to be tonic, astringent, and febrifuge, and was formerly employed in
the southern states as a substitute for quinine. The berries were used in the
same way. From the roots the Indians obtained a scarlet dye. The flowering
dogwood is frequently cultivated. The most showy form is Cornus florida
rubra Rehder, in which the bracts are red or pink,
4. Cornus disciflora DC. Prodr. 4: 273. 1830.
Cornus grandis Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 171. 1830.
Cornus capitata Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 28. 1893. Not ©. capitata Wall. 1820.
Cornus floccosa Wang. Repert. Nov. Sp. Fedde 6: 101. 1908.
Tepic to Zacatecas, Mexico, Morelos, and Oaxaca. Central America.
Shrub or small tree; leaves lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 6 to 15 cm. long,
acute or acuminate, acute at base, pale beneath and sericeous-strigillose or
tomentulose; flower heads pedunculate, 12 to 25-flowered; petals whitish, 3
to 3.5 mm. long; fruit ellipsoid, 12 to 14 mm. long, purplish. “ Xochilcorona ”
(Michoacin, Veracruz, Oaxaca).
Cornus floccosa is a form in which the leaves are floccose-villosulous be-
neath, while in the typical form all the hairs are straight and closely ap-
pressed. The extremes appear distinct, but there are intermediate forms,
and in some specimens in the National Herbarium both forms of pubescence
occur upon separate leaves of the same branch.
1088 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
127. CLETHRACEAE. Clethra Family.
1. CLETHRA L.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, petiolate, entire or toothed; flowers per-
fect, in terminal, simple or branched racemes; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes Imbri-
eate, persistent; petals 5, white, imbricate, deciduous; stamens 10, the anthers
sagittate, opening by apical pores: fruit a 3-lobed, loculicidally 3-valvate cap-
sule.
en eS el ADLOUS DONeR Le = fos Re Se ase pg ohare 1. C. suaveolens.
Leaves finely or coarsely tomentose beneath.
Pedicels shorter than the calyx, very stout.
Leaves covered beneath with a minute, very close tomentum.
2. C. alcoceri-
Leaves covered beneath with a coarse loose tomentum____3. C. mexicana.
Pedicels all or mostly as long as the calyx, comparatively slender.
Calyx 2.5 to 3 mm. long; leaves with a fine close tomentum beneath.
Pedicelsimostly<7. to. 2anm- long 22222 See eee 4, C. pringlei.
Pedicels mostly *2 to 4%mm long 22.2 ee ssa ar 5. C. macrophylla.
Calyx 3 to 5 mm. long; leaves with a coarse loose tomentum beneath.
Leaves coarsely and sharply séninttel nh sG.0t oS Bien eds § 6. C. rosei.
Leaves entire, undulate-dentate, or serrulate.
eaves T0plon ge Se EO SS ee 7. C. hartwegi.
Leaves’ iitestly- obovate 2200!00 whe ieee oer ek 8. C. lanata.
1. Clethra suaveolens Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 367: 230. 18638.
Type from Chiapas, at an altitude of 2,100 meters. Guatemala.
Branches glabrous or nearly so; leaves mostly oblong, 6 to 12 cm. long,
acute or acuminate, entire; racemes 10 to 16 cm. long, the slender pedicels 3 to
8 mm. long; calyx tomentose, about 4 mm. long; petals 5 mm. long.
2. Clethra alcoceri Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 240. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, Trinidad Iron Works, Hidalgo, altitude
1,590 meters.
Small tree, the branchlets brown-tomentulose; leaves obovate-oblong or
elliptic-lanceolate, 10 to 14 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, serrate, glabrate
above; racemes 10 to 20 cm. long, the pedicels 1 to 3 mm. long; calyx 3 mm.
long; petals erose-fimbriate.
3. Clethra mexicana DC. Prodr. 7: 590. 1839.
Clethra obovata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 302. 1837. Not C. obovata
Ruiz & Pav. 1834.
Clethra quercifolia Lindl. Bot. Reg. 28: pl. 23. 1842.
?Kowalewskia serrulata Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 327: 264. 1859.
?Clethra serrulata Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 862: 233. 1863.
Clethra palmeri Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 8. 1914.
Clethra schlechtendalii Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 20: 370. 1919.
Durango to Veracruz, Morelos, Guerrero, and Michoacan.
Shrub or small tree, 9 meters high or less, the branchlets brownish-tomentose ;
leaves obovate to oval, 6 to 20 cm. long, 4 to 10 em. wide, acute or obtuse,
serrate or entire, densely tomentose beneath; racemes dense, 10 to 20 cm. long;
pedicels 1.5 to 4 mm. long; calyx 3.5 to 4.55 mm. long. ‘“ Jaboncillo” (Durango).
The flowers, as in other species, are very fragrant.
STANDLEY-—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1089
4. Clethra pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 157. 1890.
San Luis Potosi; type from Tamasopo Canyon.
Tree, 9 to 15 meters high, the trunk 30 to 45 em. in diameter; leaves
obovate or oblong, 4 to 11 cm. long, acute or acuminate, entire, glabrous above;
racemes lax, 10 to 25 cm. long; petals short-fimbriate; capsule tomentulose,
3 to 4 mm. broad.
5. Clethra macrophylla Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 539. 1842.
Veracruz; type material collected near Totutla and Mirador.
Small tree, the branchlets closely brownish-tomentulose; leaves obovate or
oblong-elliptic, 12 to 20 em. long, acute or subacuminate, green and glabrate
above; racemes 10 to 15 cm. long, lax; pedicels 2 to 4 mm. long.
6. Clethra rosei Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 6. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, near Colomas, Sinaloa.
Branchlets brown-tomentose; leaves oblong, 6 to 11 cm. long, acute or obtuse,
pubescent above, densely tomentose beneath; racemes 10 to 12 em. long, the
pedicels 3 to 5 mm. long; capsule 3 mm. broad.
7. Clethra hartwegi Britton, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 6. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, Bolafios, Jalisco.
Branchlets tomentose; leaves 10 to 12 em. long, obtuse or acutish, entire
or undulate, dentate, pubescent above or glabrate, tomentose beneath; racemes
8 to 12 ecm. long.
8. Clethra lanata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 538. 1842.
Kowalewskia integerrima Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 82': 264. 1859.
Clethra kowalewskii Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 367: 233. 1863.
Clethra galeottiana Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 20: 371. 1919.
Clethra confusa Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 20: 372. 1919.
Clethra guadalajarensis Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 20: 373. 1919.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca. Central
America.
Tree, 6 to 12 meters high, the branchlets brown-tomentose; leaves 6 to 15
em. long, rounded to subacute at apex, usually cuneate at base, thick, entire
or sparsely dentate, glabrate above; racemes 8 to 20 em. long, dense; capsule
4 mm. broad. ‘“ Mameyito negro” (Oaxaca, Reko); “mama malhuaztili”
(Altamirano & Ramirez) ; “nance” (Costa Rica) ; “ tepezapote,” “ terciopelo,”
“zapotillo de montana” (El Salvador).
128. PYROLACEAE. Pyrola Family.
REFERENCE: Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 29: 21-32. 1914.
Several species of Pyrola occur in Mexico.
1. CHIMAPHILA Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 279. 1814.
Plants low, suffrutescent, with creeping rootstocks; leaves opposite or sub-
verticillate, leathery, persistent, serrate; flowers perfect, in few-flowered termi-
nal umbels or racemes; sepals 5; petals 5; stamens 10, the anthers opening
by terminal tubes; style nearly obsolete, the stigma peltate, 5-radiate; fruit a
5-celled capsule.
Dilated portion of the filament glabrous or ciliolate; leaves mostly oblanceo-
TAL SECC POEM INO TOG 2. eens ee re a i 1, C. umbellata.
Dilated portion of the filament villous: lenves lanceolate or ovate, mottled
with light and dark green_______ ci a ahs TM eas LA eg aS 2. C. maculata.
1090 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Barton, Veg. Nat. Med. 1: 17. 1817.
Pyrola umbellata L. Sp. Pl. 396. 1753.
Chimaphila umbellata mexicana DC. Prodr. 7: 775. 1839.
Chimaphila mexicana Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 29: 31. 1914.
In mountain forests, Veracruz, Mexico, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Widely dis-
tributed in the United States, Canada, and Europe.
Plants 10 to 40 em. high, the stems simple or branched; leaves in whorls
of 4 to 7, 3 to 10 cm. long, acute or obtuse, sharply serrate, short-petiolate,
glabrous; flowers long-pedicellate; sepals broadly ovate; petals pink, 7 mm.
long, oval; capsule 6 to 10 mm. in diameter.
The Mexican form is C. wmbellata mexicana DC., but it differs only slightly
from the European plant, and scarcely seems worthy of special designation.
2. Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh, I'l. Amer. Sept. 300. 1814.
Pyrola maculata L. Sp. Pl. 396. 1753.
Chimaphila maculata acuminata Lange, Nat. For. Kjobenhavn Vid. Medd.
1867: 112. 1868.
Chimaphila acuminata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 29: 31. 1914.
Chimaphila guatemalensis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 29: 32. 1914.
Chimaphila dasystemma Torr.; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 29: 32. 1914.
In mountain forests, Chihuahua and Sonora to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Cen-
tral America; eastern United States.
Stems 10 to 20 em. high; leaves in few whorls, oblong-lanceolate to broadly
ovate, 2 to 7 em. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous; inflorescence 1 to 4-flow-
ered, the flowers long-pedicellate; sepals rounded-ovate, ciliolate; petals oval
or orbicular, 6 to 8 mm. long, white or pink; capsule 6 to 8 mm. in diameter.
The Mexican material varies appreciably in leaf shape, but the forms do not
appear to differ constantly from typical C. maculata.
129. ERICACEAE. Heath Family.
REFERENCE: Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 38-102. 1914.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate or rarely opposite, estipulate, persistent,
leathery, entire or serrate; flowers perfect, usually in racemes or panicles;
calyx of 4 to 7 distinct or partially united sepals; corolla of 4 to 7 distinct or
united petals; stamens as many or twice as many as the corolla lobes, the an-
thers 2-celled, often appendaged; style compound, the stigma minute, discoid ;
fruit a capsule, drupe, or berry.
Corolla of distinct petals;, Nruit«a capsule. 222-2. —22-.___ 1. BEFARIA.
Corolla of united petals.
Fruit a capsule, the calyx dry, not accrescent.
Calyx lobes imbricate in bud; pubescence not lepidote___2. LEUCOTHOE.
Calyx lobes valvate or separated in bud; pubescence of scales.
3. XOLISMA.
Fruit baccate or drupaceous, or capsular but surrounded by the fleshy ac-
erescent calyx.
Fruit capsular, surrounded by the fleshy accrescent calyx.
4. GAULTHERIA.
Fruit baccate or drupaceous.
Fruit drupaceous; cells of the ovary 1-ovulate.
5. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS.
Fruit baccate; cells of the ovary few or many-ovulate.
Fruit papillose; lirge shrubs or trees___-_---------- 6. ARBUTUS.
Hrait smooth: low <shrubs22-- 2 eee 7. PERNETTIA.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1091
1, BEFARIA Mutis; L. Mant. Pl. 152. 1771.
Shrubs; leaves alternate, short-petiolate, persistent, entire; flowers in ter-
minal panicles; calyx campanulate, 6 or 7-lobate; petals 6 or 7, ascending or
spreading, narrow; stamens 12 or 14, the anthers opening by apical pores;
capsule depressed, shallowly 6 or 7-lobate, septicidal.
Branches of the inflorescence glabrous or nearly so____________ 1. B. laevis.
Branches of the inflorescence densely viscid-pilose.
Peta shal5'5 Fo? Sc EO M eee Ge Cea A Oe tk ee AON. OS 2. B. discolor.
Petals 225 tor4yem yong Aes SREP hae Ati ES A al 3. B. mexicana.
1. Befaria laevis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 65. 1840.
Befaria glabra Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 543. 1842.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Talea, Oaxaca.
Branches glabrous or nearly so; leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
3 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, glabrous, bright green above, glaucous beneath;
flowers long-pedicellate; petals pink, 12 to 20 mm. long. “Cruz de Mayo”
(Puebla).
2. Befaria discolor Benth. Pl. Hartw. 65. 1840.
Befaria floribunda Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 94: 543. 1842.
Jurgensia mexicana Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 201: 151. 1847.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Talea, Oaxaca.
Branches viscid-hispid; leaves ovate or oblong-elliptic, 3 to 6.5 cm. long,
obtuse or acute, glabrous above, glaucous beneath and pubescent or glabrate;
petals spatulate, pink.
8. Befaria mexicana Benth. Pl. Hartw. 15. 1839.
Zacatecas to Sinaloa and Oaxaca; type from Zacatecas.
Branches hispid; leaves oblong to oblong-elliptic, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, obtuse or
acute, glabrous above, glaucous beneath and pubescent, at least along the
costa. ‘Rosa del monte” (Oaxaca).
2. LEUCOTHOE D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 17: 159. 1834.
1. Leucothoe mexicana (Hemsl.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29:57. 1914.
Andromeda mexicana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 282. 1881.
Oaxaca; type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco. Guatemala.
Shrub; leaves alternate, petiolate, persistent, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate
to ovate, 2.5 to 7 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded at base, entire, glabrous;
flowers in small axillary corymb-like panicles, the branches puberulent; calyx
4 mm. broad, the 5 lobes broadly ovate; corolla cylindric-urceolate, 8 to 12 mm.
long, white, minutely 5-dentate; stamens 10; fruit a 5-lobed septicidal capsule.
8. XOLISMA Raf. Amer. Month. Mag. 4: 193. 1819.
1. Xolisma squamulosa (Mart. & Gal.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 66. 1914.
Lyonia squamulosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 542. 1842.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Cofre de Perote,
Veracruz.
Shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves alternate, petiolate, persistent, elliptic,
oval, or obovate-elliptic, 2 to 4 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex, leathery,
entire, lepidote beneath; flowers in small dense axillary clusters; calyx lobes
ovate, acute; corolla white, urceolate, 3 to 4 mm. long, lepidote; capsule 3.5
to 4 mm. long, subglobose, septicidal.
1092 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
This is very closely related to X. ferruginea (Walt.) Heller (Andromeda
ferruginea Walt.), of the southern United States, and has been referred to
that species by Hemsley and others. The Mexican plant differs only in its
slightly shorter capsules and it is doubtful whether it represents a distinct
species.
4, GAULTHERIA L. Sp. Pl. 395. 1753.
Shrubs; leaves alternate, persistent, usually toothed; flowers racemose or
paniculate; calyx persistent, the lobes longer than the tube; corolla campanu-
late or urceolate, with 5 spreading or recurved lobes; stamens 10, the anthers
2-awned, opening by terminal pores; fruit berry-like, fleshy, the capsule inclosed
in the accrescent calyx.
Gaultheria procumbens L., of the United States and Canada, is the winter-
green or checkerberry, from which wintergreen oil is obtained. The fruits of
some of the species are edible.
The names “ajocopaque,”’ “ axocopaque,” and “axocaponi” are applied in
southern Mexico to various species. The leaves are aromatic, and Hernindez
relates that they were used for flavoring chocolate and other beverages, and
that they were laid among clothing to impart an agreeable odor and to keep
away insects. The branches are even now employed as perfume in churches.
The plants are said to have diuretic and laxative properties, and are used in
domestic medicine.
Rachis of the inflorescence glabrous or finely pubescent, never hirsute or with
gland-tipped hairs; rachis rarely with a few gland-tipped hairs, the corolla
then glabrous.
Calyx lobes acute, about as wide as long_~__22—~=2=.-—=_— 1. G. acuminata.
Calyx lobes acuminate, much longer than wide.
Branches of the inflorescence pubescent_____-_----------_- 2. G. nitida.
Branches of the inflorescence glabrous.
eaves. green; serrulate..-=-.-_-- 24 ene i ateaee tet 3. G. welsoudl
heaves" glaucous; (entire£=2"" oS ss eee 4. G. glaucifolia.
Rachis of the inflorescence glindular-pilose or hirsute; corolla never glabrous.
Pubescence of the corolla of eglandular hairs.
Leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate________________-_-- 5. G. angustifolia.
Leaves: ovate-oblon®’ Or 0Vales 2 == ee eee 6. G. parvifolia.
Pubescence of the corolla of gland-tipped hairs.
Filaments equaling or shorter than the anthers____7. G. trichocalycina.
Filaments longer than the anthers.
Leaf blades truncate to obtuse at base_______-___- 8. G. hidalgensis.
Leaf blades evidently cordate at base.
Pedicels twice as long as the corollas or longer___-9. G. longipes.
Pedicels little if at all longer than the corollas.
Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong; branches sparsely short-hirsute or
puberulente2ets 24. te ee 10. G. odorata.
Leaves mostly deltoid-ovate; branches densely hirsute.
11. G. hirtiflora.
1. Gaultheria acuminata Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 126. 1830.
Veracruz and Puebla; type from Cerro Colorado, near Jalapa, Veracruz.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches glabrous or puberulent; leaves
‘oblong to ovate, 4 to 11 em. long, acuminate, rounded at base, serrulate;
racemes 4 to 10 cm. long, finely pubescent; corolla 7 to 8 mm. long.
“* Axocopaconi” (Puebla), ‘“arrayfin” (Conzatti).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 10938
&. Gaultheria nitida Benth. Pl. Hartw. 45. 1840.
Gaultheria laevigata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 541. 1842.
Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo, and Oaxaca; type from El Banco, Hidalgo.
Shrub or small tree, the branchlets glabrous or nearly so; leaves oblong
to oblong-ovate, 3 to 11 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded at base, ser-
rulate, glabrate; racemes 4 to 8 cm. long; corolla pink, 7 to 8 mm. long.
3. Gaultheria nelsonii Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: ¥7. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, Totontepec, Oaxaca.
Leaves oblong, 5 to 11 cm. long, short-acuminate, subcordate at base, ser-
rulate, glabrous; racemes 5 to 8 cm. long; corolla pink, 4.5 to 5.5 mm. long.
Probably only a form of G. nitida.
4. Gaultheria glaucifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 281. 1881.
Type from the Sierra Madre of western Mexico.
Branchlets glabrous; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 5 em. long, acute,
glabrous, rounded or subcordate at base; racemes few-flowered.
5. Gaultheria angustifolia T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 251. 1908.
Type from Mount Ixtaccihuatl.
Branches pubescent; leaves 2 to 5 em. long, 8 to 14 mm. wide, long-acumi-
nate, serrulate, glabrous; racemes 2 to 4 em. long; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long.
6. Gaultheria parvifolia Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 78. 1914.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from mountains of Oaxaca.
Branches hirsute or glabrate; leaves oblong to oval-ovate, 2 to 6 em. long,
acute or obtuse, rounded or subcordate at base, serrulate, glabrate; racemes 2
to 6 cm. long; corolla pink, 6 to 7 mm. long.
7. Gaultheria trichocalycina DC. Prodr. 7: 595. 1839.
Type collected between Pueblo Viejo, Veracruz, and Real del Monte, Hidalgo ;
reported from Jalisco.
Branchlets glandular-pubescent ; leaves ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, acute, deeply
cordate at base, serrulate; racemes 4 to 8 em. long; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long.
8. Gaultheria hidalgensis Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 552. 1894.
Gaultheria lancifolia Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 78. 1914.
Gaultheria rosei Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 79. 1914.
Tepic to Morelos and Chiapas; type from Othamalacatle, Hidalgo; speci-
mens from Chihuahua probably are conspecific. Guatemala.
Small or large shrub, the branchlets pubescent, hirsute, or glabrate; leaves
oblong to ovate or oval, 3 to 9 em. long, acute or acuminate, serrulate, glabrous
or nearly so; racemes 4 to 8 em. long; corolla pink, 5 to 7.5 mm. long; fruit 4 to
6 mm. in diameter. ‘Arrayin’” (Seler).
9. Gaultheria longipes Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 76. 1914.
Type from Sierra de Tepoxtlan, Morelos, altitude 2,250 meters.
Slender shrub, the branchlets hirsute or glabrate; leaves oblong or ovate,
2 to 6 cm. long, acute, serrulate, glabrate; racemes 4 to 6 cm. long; pedicels 1 to
2 em. long; corolla pink, 6.5 to 7.5 mm. long; capsule 3 to 4 mm. in diameter.
10. Gaultheria odorata Willd. Ges. Naturf. Freund. Berlin Mag. Neu. Schrift.
3: 425. 1801.
Gaultheria odorata mexicana DC. Prodr. 7: 595. 1839.
Gaultheria hartavegiana Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 217. 1903.
Puebla and Oaxaca; imperfect specimens from Chihuahua may belong here.
Central America and northern South America; type from Caracas, Venezuela.
1094 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub; leaves 2 to 8 em. long, acuminate, serrulate, sparsely pubescent or
glabrate, short-petiolate ; racemes 3 to 9 cm. long, lax; corolla pink, 6 to 7 mm.
long; capsule about 5 mm. in diameter.
11. Gaultheria hirtiflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 66. 1840.
Gaultheria cordata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 540. 1842.
Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Carmen, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Leaves 3 to 9 cm. long, acute or obtuse, often deeply cordate at base, ser-
rulate, pubescent or glabrate; racemes 3 to 6 em. long; corolla pink or red,
6 to 7 mm. long; capsule 4 to 5 mm. in diameter.
This is not strikingly different from G. odorata, and is perhaps only a form
of that species.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
GAULTHERIA OVATA DC. Prodr. 7: 596. 1839. Type collected between Tampico
and Real del Monte. Probably the same as G. nitida Benth.
GAULTHERIA INSIPIDA Benth., placed by Small among the doubtful North ]
American species, was described from Ecuador.
5. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 165. 1763.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves alternate, rarely opposite, persistent, petiolate,
entire or serrate; flowers in terminal racemes or panicles, small, white or ©
pink; calyx 5-lobed; corolla urceolate, with 5 short lobes; stamens 10, the
anthers each with 2 dorsal awns; fruit drupaceous, globose, smooth or papil-
lose, containing 10 or fewer seedlike nutlets.
The following names are reported for species whose identity is uncertain:
“Guie-yana,” “ yaga-nita,” “yaga-yana” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); ‘“nifio
en cuero,”’ “verdis” (Oaxaca, Reko); “tepetomate” (Robelo); “ frutilla”
(Mexico, Ramirez).
eaves ppOSsiLerOr Veriicnlate= = 2-2 ee 1. A. oppositifolia.
Leaves alternate.
Leaves conspicuously serrate.
Leaves glabrous, even when young.
Leaves green beneath; fruit 4 to 5 mm. in diameter________2. A. lucida.
Leaves glaucous beneath; fruit 7 to 8 mm. in diameter____3. A. arguta.
Leaves tomentose beneath, at least when young.
Ovary pubescent.
Calyx glandular-pubescent_____-___-_____-__- 4. A. nochistlanensis.
Calyx’ grayish-tomentulosé.c 2 ss ee 5. A. diversifolia.
Ovary glabrous.
Leaves broadly oblong to obovate or elliptic, 2 to 5 em. long.
6. A. conzattii.
Leaves narrowly oblong, usually larger.
Leaves remotely and inconspicuously serrate____7. A. angustifolia.
Leaves closely and conspicuously serrate.
Inflorescence glandular-hirsute_________________ 8. A. longifolia.
Inflorescence. tomentulose_—_-—-.=- = =e 9. A. rupestris.
Leaves entire.
Fruit papillose or warty; leaves narrow, mostly oblong to linear, narrow
at base.
Hilaments* 214 brouss 2-2 es ees eee eee 10. A. glaucescens.
eS eS ee ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1095
Filaments pubescent.
UNC rhs oc Coe 1 Deis tere ee 3 eee Spee Rs OS me 11. A. minor.
Ovary pubescent.
Leaves densely whitish-tomentose beneath ; filaments sparsely pubes-
OTN Tee gees aah Tease eet apt ts hd ee Date al oes cet 12. A. lanata.
Leaves thinly tomentose or glabrate beneath; filaments densely
pubescent.
Leaves mostly oblong-elliptic, less than 3 times as long as broad.
13. A. caeciliana.
Leaves linear to narrowly oblong, more than 3 times as long as
| 0X01 Lae a i OSI Fant hh ie 14. A. polifolia.
Fruit smooth; leaves broad, usually ovate to oval, obtuse or rounded
at base.
Leaves whitish-tomentulose beneath, the margins revolute.
15. A. bicolor.
Leaves not tomentulose beneath, the margins not revolute.
Dranchlets -21aprouse = > sr Res Gee See aly BPE 16. A. glauca.
Branchlets pubescent.
Branchlets glandular-pilose_-_---__--__--_________ 17. A. drupacea.
Branchlets without glandular hairs. ;
Pedicels and ovary pubescent_________________ 18. A. tomentosa.
Pedieelsvand/ovary+glabrous22 240) iit «) 1 ek 19. A. pungens.
1. Arctostaphylos oppositifolia Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 4: 36. 1884.
Ornithostaphylos oppositifolia Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 101. 1914.
Mountains of northern Baja California.
Shrub, 4.5 meters high or less; leaves linear, 3 to 8 cm. long, obtuse or acute,
entire, the margins revolute, glabrous above, minutely whitish-pubescent be-
neath; corolla 3 to 3.5 mm. long; fruit 4 to 6 mm. in diameter, smooth.
2. Arctostaphylos lucida (Small) Standl.
Comarostaphylis lucida Small, N. Amer, Fl. 29:.89. 1914.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Orizaba.
Branches glabrous; leaves oblong to narrowly elliptic, 3 to 7 ecm. long,
acute, green, short-petiolate; inflorescence closely pubescent.
3. Arctostaphylos arguta (Zucc.) DC. Prodr. 7: 585. 1839.
Comarostaphylis arguta Zuce. Abh. Akad. Miinchen 2: 332. 1837.
Arbutus discolor Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 29. 1837.
Arctostaphylos discolor DC. Prodr. 7: 585. 1839.
Arctostaphylos nitida Benth. Pl. Hartw. 66. 1840.
Arctostaphylos spinulosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 537. 1842.
Jalisco to Mexico and Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high, the branches glabrous; leaves narrowly oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 15 cm. long, acute, sharply serrulate, bright green above;
inflorescence finely pubescent or glabrate; corolla 7 to 8 mm. long, white; fruit
granular, dark red. ‘‘Garambullo” (Hidalgo, Mexico) ; “‘ madrofio borracho ”
(Mexico).
The fruit of this plant, or a decoction of the leaves, has narcotic properties.
Children have been severely poisoned by eating the fruit, and the plant has
been administered by Mexican physicians for the purpose of inducing sleep.
The fruit is more active when fresh, and it also has mild purgative properties.
The leaves are said to be astringent.
1096 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Arctostaphylos nochistlanensis Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 220. 4
1903.
Oaxaca; type collected near Tillantongo, Nochistlan.
Branches finely pubescent; leaves oblong or lanceolate, 3 to 5.5 cm. long, ob-
tuse, glabrous above, pale and minutely pubescent beneath; corolla 6 mm. long;
fruit 4 to 5 mm. in diameter.
5. Arctostaphylos diversifolia Parry; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 21: 397. 1886.
Arctostaphylos arguta diversifolia Parry, Proc. Davenport Acad. 4: 35. 1884.
Comarostaphylis -diversifolia Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 406. 1887.
Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from Jamul Valley.
Shrub, the branchlets tomentulose; leaves elliptic or oval, 2 to 9 cm. long,
obtuse or acutish, revolute, glabrous above; corolla 5 to 7 mm. long; fruit 4
mim. in diameter.
6. Arctostaphylos conzattii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 497, 1901.
Arctostaphylos glabrata Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 497. 1901.
Comarostaphylis glabrata Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 90. 1914.
Comarostaphylis conzattii Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 91. 1914.
Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca.
Spreading shrub, 0.3 to 1 meter high, the branchlets puberulent; leaves ob-
tuse or acute, glabrous above, thinly tomentose or glabrate beneath, short-
petiolate; corolla 4 to 6 mm. long; fruit 6 to 7 mm. in diameter.
7. Arctostaphylos angustifolia (Klotzsch) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
278. 1881.
Comarostaphylis angustifolia Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 74. 1851.
Described from Mexico; specimens from Michoacén probably belong here.
Branchlets finely pubescent; leaves short-petiolate, linear-oblong or narrowly
oblong, 3 to 8 cm. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous above, tomentulose beneath ;
corolla 6 to 7 mm. long; fruit 4 to 6 mm. in diameter.
8. Arctostaphylos longifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 44. 1840.
Comarostaphylis longifolia Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 75. 1851. -
Comarostaphylis attenuata Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 75. 1851.
Arctostaphylos attenuata Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 278. 1881.
Michoacin and Mexico; type from Angangueo, Michoacaén.
Branchlets glandular-hirsute; leaves oblong or narrowly oblong, 5 to 9.5 cm.
long, acute or obtuse, glabrate above, tomentose or glabrate beneath; panicles
large and dense; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long.
9. Arctostaphylos rupestris Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 112. 1893.
Comarostaphylis rupestris Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 90. 1914.
Michoacin and Mexico; type from P&tzcuaro, Michoacan.
Shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high, the branches tomentulose; leaves narrowly
eblong, 7 to 16 cm. long, acute, green and glabrate above, pale-tomentulose
beneath ; panicles lax, equaling or shorter than the leaves; corolla 6 to 7 mm.
long.
10. Arctostaphylos glaucescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 278. 1819.
Comarostaphylis glaucescens Zuce.; Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 76 1851.
Type collected between Guanajuato and Valenciana.
Branchlets puberulent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 10 em. long or less, mucro-
nate, glabrous and lustrous above, pubescent and glaucous beneath.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1097
11. Arctostaphylos minor (Small) Standl.
Comarostaphylis minor Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 89. 1914.
Type collected near Miquihuana, Tamaulipas.
Branchlets glabrous or nearly so; leaves linear-oblong, 1.5 to 3 cm. long,
obtuse, glabrous above, paler and minutely puberulent beneath; corolla 4 to
5 mm. long; fruit 3 to 4 mm. in diameter.
12. Arctostaphylos lanata (Small) Standl.
Comarostaphylis lanata Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 88. 1914.
San Luis Potosi; type from Buena Vista.
Branchlets glandular-hirsutulous, densely leafy; leaves oblong or elliptic-
oblong, 4 to 6.5 cm. long, acute or mucronate, the margins strongly revolute,
hirtellous above; corolla 6 mm. long; fruit 4 to 5 mm. in diameter.
18. Arctostaphylos caeciliana Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 553. 1894.
Comarostaphylis caeciliana Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 88. 1914.
Oaxaca; type from Huitzo.
Branchlets tomentulose; leaves 3 to 6 cm. long, obtuse or acute, the margins
subrevolute, green and glabrate above, densely tomentulose beneath; corolla
5 mm. long; fruit 4 to 5 mm. in diameter.
14. Arctostaphylos polifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 277. 1819.
Arctostaphylos oaxacana DC. Prodr. 7: 585. 1839.
Arctostaphylos mucronifera DC. Prodr. 7: 585. 1839.
Arctostaphylos ledifolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 536. 1842.
Arctostaphylos latifolia Mart. & Gal.; Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 726. 1848.
Comarostaphylis mucronifera Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 76. 1851.
Comarostaphylis mucronata Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 76. 1851.
Comarostaphylis polifolia Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 77. 1851.
Comarostaphylis hartwegiana Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 77. 1851.
Arctostaphylos hartwegiana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bet. 2: 278. 1881.
Arctostaphylos mucronata Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 279. 1881.
Comarostaphylis microcarpa Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 88. 1914.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca; type from Villapando.
Shrub or tree, 1 to 6 meters high, the branchlets puberulent or glandular-
hirtellous; leaves linear to narrowly oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or acute,
glabrous above, tomentulose or glabrate beneath, the margins often revolute;
corolla 7 to 9 mm. long; fruit 3 to 6 mm. in diameter. ‘‘ Madrofio” (Oaxaca,
Sinaloa); “madrofio chino” (Sinaloa) ;. “ pingtieca,” ‘ pingiiica’”’ (Morelos,
Oaxaca) ; “tnu-tqué’”’ (Oaxaca, Seler).
The species is somewhat variable and several segregates were recognized
by Small. The key characters which he used to distinguish them are, how-
ever, utterly worthless.
15. Arctostaphylos bicolor (Nutt.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 366. 1868.
Xylococcus bicolor Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 8: 259. 1843.
Arctostaphylos veatchii Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 19. 1868.
Northern Baja California; Cedros Island. Southern California.
Shrub with grayish branches; leaves ovate to oval, 2 to 6 cm. long, obtuse,
green and glabrate above; corolla white or pink, 8 to 9 mm. long; fruit 6 to
8 mm. in diameter.
16. Arctostaphylos glauca Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1791. 1836.
Mountains of Baja California. California.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. in
diameter, glabrous throughout; leaves oval, rounded, or broadly ovate, 2 to
5 em. long, rounded at apex and base, pale green, very thick; corolla white,
1098 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7 mm. long; fruit 1 to 1.8 cm. in diameter, dull red. “Manzanita” (Cali-
fornia).
The fruit was much eaten by the California Indians, either raw or dried,
ground, and made into atole. The leaves were often mixed with smoking
tobacco. The leaves contain arbutin and about 9.8 per cent of tannin. A
decoction of them has been employed for catarrhal affections, diarrhea, and
gonorrhoea.
17. Arctostaphylos drupacea (Parry) Standl.
Arctostaphylos pringlei drupacea Parry, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 495. 1887.
Mountains of Baja California. Southern California; type from Cuyamaca
Mountains.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2 meters high, with smooth red-brown bark; leaves broadly
ovate to oblong, 2.5 to 4.5 em. long, acute to rounded at base, glandular-pilose ;
corolla 7 to 8 mm. long; fruit glandular-pubescent.
This has been reported from Baja California as A. pringlei Parry, a species.
of Arizona.
18. Arctostaphylos tomentosa Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 282. 1814.
Northern Baja California. California to British Columbia.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high, with a trunk 20 cm. in diam-
eter; bark smooth, red-brown; leaves broadly ovate to oblong-lanceolate,
8 to 6 em. long, acute or obtuse, pubescent or glabrate; corolla white or pink,
6 to 7 mm. long; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, brown, glabrous or pubescent ;
wood hard, tough, close-grained, reddish or dark brown, heavy, taking a fine
polish. ‘‘ Manzanita” (California).
The wood has been employed in the United States for fine cabinet work.
This and other related species are known upon the Pacific Coast as ‘‘ manza-
nita.” The fruit is edible, having an agreeable acid flavor, but it is dry,
mealy, and full of seeds. It was an important article of food among the
California Indians, being eaten fresh, or dried and ground and stirred into
water to form pinole, or cooked as a mush. Death from intestinal stoppage
is said to have resulted from eating too much of the raw fruit. Manzanita
cider is sometimes made by scalding the ripe fruit until the seeds are soft,
then crushing it and straining the resultant liquid, which is allowed to stand
and settle. The beverage so obtained is spicy and acid. It is sometimes
made from the dried berries. The leaves of the various species were smoked
by the Indians.
19. Arctostaphylos pungens H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 3: 278. 1819.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Coahuila, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type collected
near the City of Mexico. New Mexico to California.
Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high, the bark smooth, red-brown, the branchlets
tomentulose; leaves broadly ovate to lanceolate or rounded, 1.5 to 3.5 em.
long, obtuse or acute, tomentulose when young; racemes very short and dense;
corolla 7 mm. long; fruit brown, 5 to 8 mm. in diameter. ‘“‘ Manzanita”
(California); “manzanilla” (Durango, Sinaloa, Guanajuato); “ pingiiica ”
(Guanajuato, Morelos, Durango, Hidalgo, Jalisco) ; “palo de pingiiica” (San
Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, Sinaloa, Guanajuato, Oaxaca) ; “ manzana,” “ tnu-ndido ”’
(Oaxaca, Seler) ; “gayuba del pais” (Hidalgo); “tepezquite,” “ tepeizquitl,”
“ tepesquisuchil ” (Nahuatl, from tepe-izqui-rochiti=mountain+toasted maize+
flower) ; “ pinquiqua’”’ (Tarascan) ; “lefio colorado” (Sonora, San Luis Potosi,
Hidalgo).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1099
The fruit is often eaten by people, and it is a favorite food of bear. It is
often sold in the markets. Both the fruit and leaves are reputed to have
astringent and diuretic properties, and they are employed as a remedy for
dropsy, bronchitis, venereal diseases, and other affections.
6. ARBUTUS L. Sp. Pl. 395. 1753.
Shrubs or trees, the bark smooth, thin, peeling off in sheets; leaves alternate,
persistent, petiolate, entire or serrate; flowers white or pink, in terminal
panicles; calyx 5-lobate; corolla urceolate, with 5 small lobes; stamens 10,
the anthers 2-awned; fruit baccate, globose, granular, 5-celled.
The Mexican plants of this genus are extremely variable and seem not to
possess a single constant character. It appears probable that ultimately all
of them will have to be considered mere forms of A. ralapensis. No confidence
ean be placed in the characters used in the following key. Of the species
listed, the one most clearly distinct from A. xvalapensis is A. glandulosa, but
even the characters by which it can be recognized are far from constant.
Arbutus unedo L., a European species, has been erroneously reported in
certain Mexican publications.
Petioles” clandular-hirsute 2225 25 sete ot tet ee ee 1. A. glandulosa.
Petioles glabrous or tomentose.
Ovary glabrous.
Leaves soon glabrous beneath_____-____________________ 2. A. arizonica.
Leaves persistently tomentose beneath.
Pubescence of the inflorescence eglandular_______________ 3. A. laurina.
Pubescence of the inflorescence partly of gland-tipped hairs.
Galyxwclabrous see hese er eS eae 4, A. peninsularis.
Calyx COMentuLOSeSs 2 ee Sea ee 5. A. donnell-smithii.
Ovary pubescent.
Calyx lobes triangular, acute or acuminate______________ 6. A. eee
Calyx lobes broadly ovate or orbicular, obtuse__________ 7. A. xalapensis,
1. Arbutus glandulosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 533. 1842.
Arbutus villosa Willd.; Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 72. 1851.
Chihuahua to Veracruz, Chiapas, and Sinaloa; type from Hjutla, Oaxaca.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 8 meters high, with red-brown bark; leaves oblong to ovate
or oval, 4 to 13 cm. long, acute or obtuse, acute to cordate at base, entire
or serrate, tomentose or glabrate beneath; panicles 2 to 10 cm. long, glandular-
hirsute; corolla 8 mm. long. ‘‘Nuzu-ndu” (Oaxaca, Seler); ‘“ madrofio”
(Oaxaca, Sinaloa); “aile” (Sinaloa).
2. Arbutus arizonica (A. Gray) Sarg. Gard. & For. 4: 317. 1891.
Arbutus xalapensis arizonica A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2*: 396. 1886.
Chihuahua and Sonora to Jalisco and San Luis Potosi. Southern Arizona
(type locality) and New Mexico.
Tree, 5 to 15 meters high, the trunk sometimes 60 cm. in diameter; bark thin,
peeling off in red-brown papery sheets; leaves long-petiolate, oblong to ovate,
4 to 10 cm. long, obtuse or acute, pale beneath and glabrous, at least in age,
usually entire ; corolla white or pink, 8 mm. long; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter,
orange-red; wood soft, close-grained, reddish brown, its specific gravity about
0.71. “ Madrofio” (Chihuahua).
8. Arbutus laurina Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 535, 1842.
Type from Yavezia, Oaxaca.
Tree with red-brown branches; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 3 to 9 cm. long,
obtuse or acutish, narrowed or rounded at base, serrate, pubescent beneath ;
panicles 4 to 8 cm. long; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long.
1100 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Arbutus peninsularis Rose & Goldm. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 312. 1911.
Type from Sierra de la Laguna, Baja California.
Tree; leaves short-petiolate, oval or oval-ovate, 5 to 11 cm. long, obtuse,
rounded at base, entire or serrulate, lustrous above; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long.
Probably only a form of A. arizonica.
5. Arbutus donnell-smithii Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 85. 1914.
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from San Lucas.
Tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, oblong to ovate, 5 to 10
em. long, obtuse or acute, rounded or obtuse at base, entire or serrulate; co-
rolla 6 to 7 mm. long; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter.
6. Arbutus spinulosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 532. 1842.
Type from Monte Tancitaro, Michoacin.
Leaves oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or obovate, 4 to 7 em. long, acute, rounded
at base, serrate; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long.
7. Arbutus xalapensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 279. 1819.
Arbutus densiflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 280. 1819.
Arbutus mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 280. 1819.
Arbutus petiolaris H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 8: 281. 1819.
Arbutus laurifolia Lindl. Bot. Reg. 25: pl. 67. 1839.
Arbutus varians Benth. Pl. Hartw. 77. 1841.
Arbutus floribunda Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 534. 1842.
Arbutus macrophylla Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 584. 1842.
Arbutus paniculata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 535. 1842.
Arbutus prunifolia Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 73. 1851.
Arbutus terana Buckl. Proc. Acad. Phila. 1861: 460. 1862.
Chihuahua and Nuevo Leoén to Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Sinaloa; type from
Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala; western Texas and southern New Mexico.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 15 meters high, the bark thin, red-brown, peeling
off in large papery sheets; leaves oblong to ovate or oval, 3 to 10 cm. long,
acute to rounded at apex, entire or serrate, usually tomentose beneath when
young, glabrate in age; corolla white, 7 mm. long; fruit dark red, 8 to 10
mm. in diameter; wood hard, close-grained, reddish brown, its specific gravity
about 0.75. ‘“ Madrofio” (Chihuahua, Durango, Oaxaca, Mexico, Sinaloa, San
Luis Potosi) ; “nuzu-ndu” (Oaxaca, Seler) ; “manzanita” (Durango).
The wood of this and other species is useful for various purposes.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ARBUTUS OVATA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 9*: 533. Type from Oaxaca.
According to Small, probably a species of Gaultheria.
7 PERNETTIA Gaud. Ann. Sci. Nat. 5: 102. 1825.
1. Pernettia ciliata (Schlecht. & Cham.) Small, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 82. 1914.
Gaultheria ciliata Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 126. 1830.
Perneitia pilosa G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 837. 1834.
Pernettia ciliaris G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 837. 1834.
Perneitia buxijolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 538. 1842.
Gaultheria hirsuta Mart. & Gal. Bull Acad. Brux. 91: 540. 1842.
Pernettia seleriana Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 3: 217. 1903.
High mountains, Michoacan to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Chiapas.
Low shrub, 60 em. high or less, the branchlets hirsute; leaves alternate,
short-petiolate, persistent, narrowly oblong to oval, 1 to.2.5 em. long, acute
————
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1101
or obtuse, crenate-serrulate, setulose or glabrous beneath; flowers white or
pink, in short few-flowered racemes; calyx 5-lobate, the lobes ovate or lanceo-
late; corolla urceolate, 5 to 7 mm. long; stamens 10, the anthers appendaged
above; fruit a 5-celled berry, 6 to 7 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Capulincillo” (Mexico,
Oaxaca); “arrayan’” (Chiapas).
P. pentlandii DC., a South American species, known in Colombia as “ maiz
de perro,” is said to have poisonous fruit.
130. VACCINIACEAE. Blueberry Family.
Shrubs or small trees, sometimes epiphytic and subscandent; leaves alter-
nate, estipulate, persistent or deciduous, entire or serrate; flowers usually
racemose, perfect; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 4 or 5-lobate or
entire; corolla gamopetalous, 4 or 5-dentate, the lobes imbricate; stamens
twice aS many as the corolla lobes, epigynous or adherent to the base of
the corolla, the anthers 2-celled, often awned; style filiform, the stigma simple;
ovary inferior; fruit baccate.
Corolla campanulate, globose, or urceolate, small, less than 1 cm. long.
Stamens included; corolla closed in bud______________-____ 1. VACCINIUM.
Stamens exserted; corolla open in bud________________ 2, POLYCODIUM.
Corolla tubular, 1 to 2.5 em. long.
HilamentSnequal in length 2 ee fe a ae 3. MACLEANTIA.
AMEN tS UNE MU a See ee ee ee 4. CAVENDISHIA.
1. VACCINIUM L. Sp. Pl. 349. 1753.
Shrubs; leaves short-petiolate, persistent or deciduous, entire or serrate;
flowers white or pink, solitary or in terminal or axillary racemes; calyx limb
truncate or 5-dentate; corolla campanulate or urceolate, 4 or 5-dentate; stamens
8 or 10, the anthers often awned, opening by terminal pores; berry 5 or 10-
celled. :
The species occurring in the United States are known as blueberries or
whortleberries, and sometimes erroneously as huckleberries.* All have edible
fruit, although in some species the fruit is so small as to be worthless. Some
of the blueberries afford one of the finest of all the native North American
fruits. In recent years they have been greatly improved by cultivation.
Filaments glabrous; leaves deciduous____----_--__---_-- 1. V. geminiflorum.
Filaments pubescent ; leaves persistent.
MIOWErSe4-patled =. ata ee eee ee eee 2. V. consanguineum.
Flowers 5-parted.
Anthers awned.
Racemes leafy; corolla about 5 mm. long_____-____ 3. V. stenophyllum.
Racemes naked; corolla about 2.5 mm. long________ 4. V. leucanthum.
Anthers not awned.
Corolla« UNGCOlLALC 22 =— = =o ere ee ae ee ene 5. V. cordatum.
Corolla jeampanul ate. = 5 es ee oe eee 6. V. confertum.
1. Vaccinium geminiflorum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 267. pl. 252. 1819.
High mountains, Jalisco to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected between
Omitlin and Moran, Hidalgo.
1This name should be restricted to species of the genus Gaylussacia.
79688—24—_17
1102 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Low shrub, less than 10 em. high, the branches puberulent; leaves short-
petiolate, oblong or oblong-obovate, 6 to 18 mm. long, obtuse, serrulate, glabrous
or with a few stipitate glands beneath; flowers axillary, solitary; corolla 4 to
4.5 mm. long.
2. Vaccinium consanguineum Klotzch, Linnaea 24: 64. 1851.
Chiapas. Central America; type from Chiriqui Volcano, Panama.
Shrub or small tree, the branchlets puberulent or glabrate; leaves mostly
elliptic-oblong, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, acute, crenate-serrate, glabrous or nearly
so; racemes short and few-flowered or sometimes 4.5 cm. long; corolla urceolate,
pink, 6 to 7 mm. long; fruit black, 5 to 7 mm. in diameter.
8. Vaccinium stenophyllum Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 740. 1841.
Vaccinium angustifolium Benth. Pl. Hartw. 45. 1840. Not V. angustifolium
Ait. 1789.
Vaccinium angustifoliwm glaucescens Benth. Pl. Hartw. 45. 1840.
Sinaloa, Tepic, and Jalisco; type from Bolafios, Jalisco.
Shrub, sometimes 8 meters high, the branches puberulent ; leaves nearly sessile,
elliptic-lanceolate to linear-oblong, 2 to 4.5 em. long, acute or acuminate,
glandular-serrulate or entire, lustrous, paler beneath; racemes terminal, very
leafy. ‘‘ Madrofio chino,” ‘“ mandrofiito”’ (Sinaloa).
4, Vaccinium leucanthum Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 524. 1833.
2?Vaccinium schlechtendalii Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 3: 856. 1834.
Vaccinium micranthum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 7: 568. 1839.
Michoacin to Veracruz, Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from San Sal-
vador, near Chiconquiaco, Veracruz.
Shrub, sometimes 4.5 meters high, the branches puberulent; leaves lanceolate
or oblong-ovate, 2 to 4.5 em. long, acute, glandular-serrate, glabrous or nearly
so; racemes many-flowered, 3 to 6 em. long; corolla globose or urceolate; fruit
black, 5 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Axocopaconi” (Puebla); ‘ cahuichi,” ‘ cahuitzi ”
(Hidalgo, Veracruz).
5. Vaccinium cordatum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 274. 1881.
Gaylussacia cordifolia Mart. & Gal. Bull Acad. Brux. 91: 529. 1842. Not
Vaccinium cordifolium Stapf, 1894.
Veracruz; type from Pedregal de Las Vegas, near Jalapa.
Erect shrub, the branchlets puberulent; leaves broadly ovate, 3 to 4.5 em.
long, obtuse, rounded or subcordate at base, crenate-serrate, nearly glabrous,
pale beneath; racemes axillary, 2 to 3.5 em. long; corolla 6.5 mm. long; fruit
5 mm. in diameter.
6. Vaccinium confertum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 265. pl. 250. 1819.
Vaccinium eriocladum Dunal in DC. Prodr.. 7: 571. 1839.
Vaccinium brachystachyum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 65. 1840.
Vaccinium discolor Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 531. 1842.
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi, Chiapas, and Sinaloa; type collected near
Moran and Cerro de Oyamel, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 0.3 to 1 meter high, the branchlets puberulent or hirtellous; leaves
oval to oblong-ovate, 6 to 15 mm. long, obtuse or acute, crenate-serrate, pale
beneath and glandular; racemes few-flowered, equaling or shorter than the
leaves; corolla white or pink, 3 to 4 mm. long; fruit black, 5 to 6 mm. in diam-
eter.
ee ee ee SS Se re ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1103
2. POLYCODIUM Raf. Amer. Month. Mag. 2: 266. 1818.
The other species are natives of the eastern United States.
1. Polycodium kunthianum (Klotzsch) C. B. Robinson, Bull. Torrey Club
39: 559. 1912.
Vaccinium kunthianum Klotzsch, Linnaea 24: 56. 1851.
Hidalgo and Puebla; type collected between Pachuca and Real del Monte,
Hidalgo.
Shrub, 15 to 60 em. high, the branches hirtellous; leaves subsessile, de-
ciduous, oval to elliptic-oblong, 1.5 to 3 em. long, acute to rounded at apex,
entire, hirtellous or glabrate, often glaucous beneath; flowers in short leafy
racemes; corolla campanulate, 4 to 6 mm. long; stamens 10, exserted, the
anthers awned.
Humbold, Bonpland, and Kunth referred the plant to Vacciniwm staminewn
L. (Polycodium stamineum Greene), a United States species. The fruit in
this genus is not edible.
3. MACLEANTIA Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 109. 1837.
1. Macleania insignis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 91: 531. 1842.
Mountains of Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Mirador, Veracruz.
Shrub, epiphytic or terrestrial, glabrous; leaves subsessile, broadly ovate to
ovate-oblong, 3 to 6.5 em. long, obtuse; flowers axillary, fascicled, refiexed;
calyx 5-winged, the limb with 5 short teeth; corolla red, tubular, 2.5 em. long;
stamens 10, equal, the anthers not awned; fruit a 5-celled berry.
4. CAVENDISHIA Lindl. Bot. Reg. 21: pl. 1791. 1836.
Shrubs or small trees, terrestrial or epiphytic; leaves persistent, coriaceous,
entire; flowers large, axillary or terminal, racemose or subumbellate; calyx
limb 5-dentate; corolla tubular, 5-dentate; stamens 10, equal in length, but
the filaments alternately unequal, the anthers not awned; fruit a 5-celled
berry.
inflorescence short, umbel-likes 2! 5 ee eee 1. C. latifolia.
Inflorescence an elongate raceme.
CorollagZ nto. bcCms tone. 2. 2a aT Bia yee ee SE ie ee 2. C. acuminata.
Corolla 1 to 1.5 em. long.
Leaves 2.5 to 4.5 em. wide; petioles 2 to 4 mm. long______ 8. C. crassifolia.
Leaves 4.5 to 6 cm. wide; petioles 7 to 13 mm. long______ 4. C. chiapensis.
1. Cavendishia latifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 273. 1881.
Type from Pueblo Nuevo (Tabasco ?).
Glabrous shrub; leaves short-petiolate, broadly ovate, 10 to 15 em. long,
7.5 em. wide or less, acuminate, 7 or 9-nerved; flowers 12 to 16 mm. long,
long-pedicellate; calyx pink; corolla white.
2. Cavendishia acuminata(Hook.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2: 272. 1881.
?Thibaudia mexicana Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 97: 580. 1842.
Thibaudia acuminata Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 5752. 1869.
Oaxaca. Central and South America.
Glabrous shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 12 em. long,
attenuate-acuminate, 5-nerved, paler beneath ; racemes loose, many-flowered.
1104 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Cavendishia crassifolia (Benth.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 273.
1881.
Thibaudia crassifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 65. 1841.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Totontepec, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Glabrous shrub; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 10 em. long, long-
acuminate, rounded at base, 5-nerved, lustrous; racemes many-flowered, the
flowers long-pedicellate.
4, Cavendishia chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 188. 1915.
Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas.
Glabrous epiphytic shrub; leaves oblong-ovate, 12 to 15 cm. long, 5 or T-
nerved, coriaceous; racemes 8 to 5.5 cm. long, the flowers long-pedicellate ;
corolla pale red, 1.5 cm. long; fruit 8 mm. in diameter.
13i. THEOPHRASTACEAE. Theophrasta Family.
REFERENCE: Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich LV. 236a. 1903.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate or pseudoverticellate, entire or serrate,
estipulate; flowers perfect, racemose or umbellate, regular, usually 5-parted;
calyx lobes free or short-connate, imbricate, rounded at apex; corolla
gamopetalous, rotate or funnelform, fleshy; stamens 5, 5 staminodia also pres-
ent; style simple, the stigma entire or nearly so; fruit baccate or drupaceous.
Staminodia ligulate; leaves not spine-tipped_____________ 1. DEHERAINTA.
Staminodia petal-like; leaves spine-tipped___________________ 2. JACQUINIA.
1. DEHERAINIA Decaisne, Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. 3: 138. 1876.
One other species is known, a native of Cuba.
1. Deherainia smaragdina (Planch.) Decaisne, Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. 8: 139.
pl. 12. 1876.
Jacquinia smaragdina Planeh.; Linden, Pl. Nouv. 8. 1859.
Tabasco.
Shrub, the branchlets rufous-villous; leaves petiolate, elliptic, about 15 cm.
long and 5 em. wide, subacuminate, entire, coriaceous, glabrous above, fer-
ruginous-pubescent beneath; flowers solitary or fasciculate in the leaf axils,
pedicellate, 16 to 20 mm. long, green; petals united to the middle, the lobes
suborbicular, spreading.
2. JACQUINIA L.; Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 53. 1763.
Shrubs or trees; leaves entire, persistent, rigid, each tipped with a rigid
spine, short-petiolate; flowers terminal, yellow or orange, 5-parted; corolla
lobes spreading; staminodia inserted upon the corolla tube, resembling the
corolla lobes but smaller; fruit ovoid or globose, large, cuspidate, few-seeded.
The following names are reported for species of uncertain identity:
“ Muyché” (Yucatin); “flor de Mayo” (Veracruz); “sixje” (Tabasco) ;
“sicajan”’ (Chiapas). In South America some species are known as “ bar-
basco.” The plants are used widely in tropical America as fish poisons.
Flowers umbellate or fasciculate.
Leaves mostly elliptic, about 2 cm. wide______________-_-___ 1. J. liebmannii.
Leaves oblanceolate, about 8 mm. wide____________--___-___- 2. J. pringlei.
Flowers racemose.
Leaves’ ‘tomentose’ beneath2222__ i ee ae be rae Sia 3. J. seleriana.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Connective produced beyond the anther cells as a short sharp point.
4. J. pungens.
—
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1105
Connective not produced into a sharp point.
Staminodia 3 to 5 times as long as broad______________ 5. J. flammea.
Staminodia not mere than twice as long as broad.
Filaments connate into a long tube free from the corolla.
6. J. schiedeana.
Filaments short-connate at base, not forming a tube free from the
corolla.
Inflorescence: corymb-like-——— = 7. J. aurantiaca.
Inflorescence strictly racemose.
Racemes much longer than the leaves____--______ 8. J. racemosa.
Racemes about as long as the leaves_____________ 9. J. axillaris.
1. Jacquinia liebmannii Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 236a: 38. 1903.
Type from Laguna Colorada and San Agustin.
Branchlets puberulent ; leaves broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic, about 4.5 em.
long, obtuse or acute at apex, rounded or obtuse at base, glabrous; inflorescence
1 to 3-flowered ; fruit 1.7 to 2 em. in diameter.
2. Jacquinia pringlei Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 630. 1909.
Type from Iguala Canyon, Guerrero.
Small tree; leaves petiolate, 4 to 4.5 cm. long, acute, attenuate at base,
glabrous; fruit 12 to 15 mm. in diameter.
38. Jacquinia seleriana Urb. & Loes. in Seler, Alt. Weg. Mex. 73. 1900.
Oaxaca ; type material from San Carlos Yautepec and Rancho de los Pichones.
Branchlets tomentulose; leaves oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 3 to 5
cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, attenuate at base, glabrous above, the
margins revolute; flowers long-pedicellate, about 8 mm. broad; fruit 1 em.
‘tn diameter. ‘ Chilillo.”
Used as a fish poison.
4. Jacquinia pungens A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 325. 1855.
Jacquinia donnell-smithii Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 236a: 39. 1903.
Sonora to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Sonora. Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, usually 1 to 4 meters high, with very dense crown, the
bark gray; leaves linear-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong or linear-oblong, 3 to 6
em. long, acute, subsessile, rigid; flowers reddish yellow, about 7 mm.- long, in
short racemes; fruit 1.5 to 2 em. in diameter. ‘“‘San Juan” (Sinaloa); “ San
Juanito,” “San Juanico” (Sonora); “pinicua” (Sonora, Ramirez); “ rosa-
dilla” (Oaxaca); “ mata-peje,” ‘‘luruche”’ (Guatemala)
McGee states that the Seri Indians of Sonora eat the green fruits, and when
dry they employ them as rattle beads. The flowers, which are stiff and rigid,
are strung as necklaces in some localities, and they are used to give a durable
yellow dye to palm leaves and baskets. The fruit is much used along the
west coast for stupefying fish.
5. Jacquinia flammea Millsp.; Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich TV. 236a: 40. 1903.
Yucatan.
Branchlets glabrous; leaves oblong or obovate, 3 to 4.5 em. long, rounded
or obtuse at apex and minutely aciculate-pungent ; racemes corymbiform, equal-
ing or longer than the leaves; flowers orange, 8 to 10 mm. long.
6. Jacquinia schiedeana Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 236a: 41. 1903.
Reported from Guerrero and Puebla, and from other localities of uncertain
position.
1106 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Branchlets finely pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, about 4.5 em. long and 1.5 em.
wide, acute, subtriplinerved; inflorescence elongate-racemose, about as long as
the leaves; flowers 8 to 10 mm. long.
7%. Jacquinia aurantiaca Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 2: 6. 1811.
Jacquinia mexicana Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 48. 1865.
Jacquinia arenicola T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 188. 1915.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca. Central America
and West Indies.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 9 meters high, the branchlets pubescent ; bark smooth ;
leaves oblong to elliptic, 3 to 6 cm. long, obtuse or acute; corymbs few-flowered ;
flowers orange, about 8 mm. long; fruit globose, about 2 cm. in diameter. “ Palo
de las 4nimas” (Guerrero); “ guie-zee,” “flor del nifio’” (Oaxaca, Seler) ;
“rosadilla,” “rosadillo” (Robelo) ; “ neucxochitl” (Nahuatl, “ honey-flower,”
Robelo) ; “siche” (Tabasco) ; “ ducuche” (Guatemala) ; “San Juan” (Sina-
loa) ; “ barbasco,” “ limoncillo,” “ escorpioncillo,” “ mirra,” “ espino ruco,” “ eru-
cillo”’ (El Salvaor).
The flowers are said to be eaten by birds. Palmer reports that in Guerrero
the powdered bark is mixed with salt and applied to sores upon animals. The
erushed fruit is employed extensively in Mexico and Central America for
poisoning fish.
The tree is described and figired by Hernéndez! as “ hoitzxochitl,” or “ arbor
lonchifolia.” ‘The bark, he states, was employed as a remedy for venereal
diseases; a decoction of the seeds as a remedy for headache and tcothache.
He states that other names for the plant were “ xochipaltic,” ‘ neuhxochitl,”
and “ hoatzinxochitl.”
8. Jacquinia racemosa DC. Prodr. 8: 150. 1844.
Type from Tampico, Tamaulipas.
Branchlets puberulent; leaves lanceolate, about 5 cm. long and 1.5 em. wide,
acute, 1-nerved; racemes about 7-flowered, the flowers 7 mm. long.
9. Jacquinia axillaris Oerst. Nat. For. Kjé6benhavn Vid. Medd. 1861: 121. 1861.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Papantla, Veracruz.
Branchlets puberulent; leaves lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 5 to 7.5 cm. long,
acute, triplinerved; flowers orange, 7 to 10 mm. long.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Mez reports J. angustifolia Oerst. and J. submembranacea Mez from Mexico,
but this is merely through ignorance concerning the localities, which should
be Costa Rica and Nicaragua, respectively.
132. MYRSINACEAE. Myrsine Family.
REFERENCE: Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich,IV. 236. 1902.
Shrubs or trees; leaves estipulate, alternate, entire, crenate, or serrate,
punctate or lineolate; flowers small, white or pink, perfect, 5 or 4-parted;
ealyx inferior, the segments free or short-connate, usually punctate; petals
usually united, the corolla rotate, the lobes valvate or dextrorsely convolute ;
stamens as many as the corolla segments and opposite them, usually attached
to the corolla; style simple, the stigma punctiform or capitate; fruit baccate
or drupaceous.
_—
1Thesaurus 39. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1107
1 EYE PPS fo CUES re AVG Ee es SO RT Sa SS BP ed eR 1. HEBERDENIA.
Petals united.
Elowers fasciculate in thevleaf axils. 24 222% pee St 2. RAPANEA,
Flowers paniculate.
Stylezshortiiand: stout 2229) stein jit. ae Sn) 3. STYLOGYNE.
Style long and slender.
Ovules pluriseriate; petals dextrorsely convolute, usually glabrous.
4. ICACOREA.
Ovules uniseriate; petals valvate, pubescent________ 5. PARATHESIS.
1. HEBERDENIA Banks; DC. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 16: 79. 1841.
One other species is known, a native of Madeira and the Canaries.
1. Heberdenia penduliflora (DC.) Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 236: 159.
1902.
Myrsine penduliflora DC. Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 17: 110. 1834.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca.
Glabrous shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-elliptic or elliptic, 3.5 to 8
cm. long, obtuse, cuneate at base, lustrous, entire; flowers 5-parted, in axillary
fascicles, about 3.5 mm. long; sepals rounded; petals rounded-elliptic, pink,
puncticulate; fruit globose, about 5 mm. in diameter, tipped by the slender
persistent style.
2. RAPANEA <Aubl. Pl. Guian. 121. 1775.
Shrubs or trees; leaves entire; flowers small, clustered in the leaf axils,
bracteolate, 4 or 5-parted; sepals short-connate, ciliolate; petals short-connate,
spreading or recurved; stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla; fruit
dry or fieshy, 1-seeded.
Branchlets glabrous.
Leaves obtuse or subacute, prominulous-reticulate beneath.
1. R. jurgensenii.
Leaves rounded at apex, not reticulate — +s 2. R. guianensis.
Branemletsushort-pilose__ 2-1 es 8. R. ferruginea.
1. Rapanea jurgensenii Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 236: 388. 1902.
Tepic to Oaxaca; type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca.
Glabrous shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, 8 to
12 em. long, obtuse or subacute, attenuate at base, coriaceous; inflorescence
5 to 9-flowered, shorter than the petiole, the flowers less than 2 mm. long;
petals punctate.
2. Rapanea guianensis Aubl. Pl. Guian. 121. pl. 46. 1775.
Myrsine rapanea Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 509. 1819.
Myrsine guianensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 402. 1891.
Chiapas and probably elsewhere. Florida, West Indies and South America.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high, with a trunk 16 ecm. in di-
ameter, the bark thin, close, grayish; leaves oblong or obovate,,4 to 10 em.
long, cuneate at base, coriaceous, lustrous above, the margins revolute; in-
florescences 3 to 7-flowered, shorter than the petioles, the flowers 2 to 2.5 mm.
long; sepals and petals spotted and striped with purple; fruit globose, black
or bluish, about 4 mm. in diameter; wood hard, strong, close-grained, light
yellowish brown. ‘‘ Badula,” ‘“‘mameyuelo” (Porto Rico).
1108 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Rapanea ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez in Urb. Symb. Antill. 2: 429. 1901.
Caballeria ferruginea Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Peruv. Chil. 250. 1798.
Myrsine ferruginea Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 664. 1825.
Myrsine myricoides Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 525. 1833.
Durango to Tepic, Oaxaca, and Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South
America; type from French Guiana.
Shrub or small tree, 4 to 8 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate
or oblanceolate, 5 to 12 cm. long, acute, attenuate at base, pubescent or glabrate
beneath, thin; inflorescences 3 to 9-flowered, the flowers 2 to 3.5 mm. long;
fruit 2 to 3 mm. in diameter, black. ‘‘ Laurel chino” (Durango); “ratén’’
(Costa Rica); “arrayaén,’ ‘“arrayin bobo,” ‘“badula,” ‘“ cuctibano,”’ ‘ma-
meyuelo” (Porto Rico).
3. STYLOGYNE DC. Ann. Sci. Nat. II. 16: 78. 1841.
1. Stylogyne laevis (Oerst.) Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 236: 268. 1902.
Ardisia laevis Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1861: 125. 1861.
Tabasco. Central America; type from Volcin de IrazG, Costa Rica.
Branchlets glabrous; leaves petiolate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, about 12
em. long and 5 cm. wide, short-acuminate, acute at base, entire, coriaceous,
glabrous; flowers corymbose, in terminal panicles, glabrous, about 4 mm. long,
5-parted ; sepals ovate, rounded at apex, short-connate; petals subelliptic, acute,
punctate; stamens much shorter than the petals; ovary glabrous.
4, ICACOREA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 2: Suppl. 1. 1775.
Shrubs or trees; leaves petiolate, entire, crenate, or serrate; flowers small,
white or pink, 5-parted; sepals free or short-connate; petals short-connate,
the lobes spreading or recurved, dextrorsely imbricate; stamens inserted at
the base of the corolla tube; fruit globose, 1-seeded, bearing the persistent
style at the apex.
Bracts ovate or elliptic, but caducous; flowers in racemes or spikes upon the
branches of the panicle.
Sepals dextrorsely imbricate.
Petals conspicuously biseriate-lineate-______________ 1. I. karwinskyana.
Petals punctulate at apex, elsewhere furnished with a few pale obscure
Win@ See em at) Aes slats cee atl hy) pe et ed 2. I. lindenii.
Sepals imbricate or quincuncial, not dextrorsely imbricate.
Stamens: shorter), than the petals: 2.2424 eae ee 3. I. revoluta.
Stamens equaling or longer than the petals.
IMIOWErs: Tacemoses—Ue._ Ce ee eee 4, I. paniculata.
MMOWePS"SPiCabe. == 5 ta eS ae ee ee 5. I. spicigera.
Bracts minute, triangular or scalelike; flowers in corymbs or umbels in the
panicle.
Filaments glandular-pubescent; sepals and petals with numerous slender
J GT Sa ay ae or Eh ey ak yraesrientvhaa abel ASN ae me 6. I. nigrescens.
Filaments glabrous; sepals and petals punctate or with broad lines.
Leaves closely pectinate-dentate, the teeth very acute.
Sepals- and ovary DUNC Lae ==— —- = seen = oa eee eee 7. I. pellucida.
Sepals, andgovary, Not) punctate. ee ee ee 8. I. pectinata.
Leaves entire or crenulate.
CP AIS) y Cul aR sf aoe eee 9. I. crenipetala.
Sepals not ciliate.
Anthers elliptic; leaves crenate_-_______--_____--__ 10. I. liebmannii.
Anthers linear; leaves entire________--____-_--____ 11. I. compressa.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1109
1. Icacorea karwinskyana (Mez) Standl.
Ardisia karwinskyana Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 286: 85. 1902.
Type from Ixcatlin, Oaxaca.
Branchlets glabrous; leaves obovate or broadly oblong, about 20 cm. long
and 8.5 em. wide, rounded at apex (?), acute at base, entire, glabrous;
flowers racemose, the panicles many-flowered, much shorter than the leaves;
buds 6 to 7 mm. long; sepals broadly ovate, ciliolate.
2. Icacorea lindenii (Mez) Standl.
Ardisia lindenii Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 236: 86. 1902.
Type from Poyapatengo, Tabasco.
Branchlets glabrous; leaves obovate, about 11 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, acute
ai base, entire, glabrous; panicles few-flowered, the flowers racemose; buds
7 mm. long, glabrous; sepals broadly ovate, rounded at apex, ciliate.
3. Icacorea revoluta (H. B. K.) Standl.
Ardisia revoluta H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 8: 246. 1819.
Ardisia bracteosa DC. Trans. Linn. Soe. Bot. 17: 127. 1834.
Ardisia scopulina T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 215. 1905.
Sinaloa to Durango, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from La Venta de
Moxonera. Central America.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 10 meters high, glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic
or obovate, 9 to 19 cm. long, obtuse or acute, acute at base, entire; panicles
equaling the leaves, the flowers racemose, long-pedicellate ; sepals ovate, round-
ed at apex; corolla pinkish white; fruit globose, 4 to 5 mm. in diameter.
“Laurel,” ‘laurel de la_ sierra,” “mangle,” ‘ pimientilla’” (Sinaloa) ;
“negrito ” (Durango, Patoni) ; “ camaca,” “ sirasil” (Oaxaca, Chiapas, Seler) ;
“capulin manso” (Veracruz, Urbina); “capulin” (Colima); “uva” (El
Salvador, Nicaragua); ‘“ guastomate,’ “fruta de pava” (Costa Rica);
“arrayan” (Mexico, Mez); “cerezo” (El Salvador).
The fruit is edible.
4. Icacorea paniculata (Nutt.) Sudw. Gard. & For. 6: 324. 1893.
Cyrilla paniculata Nutt. Amer. Journ. Sci. 5: 290. 1822.
Ardisia escallonioides Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 393. 1831.
Ardisia pickeringia Torr. & Gray; DC. Prodr. 8: 124. 1844.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Florida, West
Indies, and Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high, with a trunk 15 cm, in
diameter, the bark thin, light gray or white, scaly; leaves obovate or elliptic,
6 to 12 em. long, obtuse or acute, acute at base, entire, glabrous; flowers
fragrant, the panicles 5 to 12 em. long; fruit globose, 4 to 8 mm. in diameter,
black and shining; wood hard, brown, marked with darker bands, its specific
gravity about 0.86. “ Huitumbio” (Chiapas); “ morita’” (Oaxaca); ‘“ xook
num” (Yucatin, Maya, Seler).
5. Icacorea spicigera (Donn. Smith) Standl.
Ardisia spicigera Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 27: 434. 1899.
Type from Comitan, Chiapas.
Branchlets glabrous; leaves oblong-elliptic, about 12 em. long and 4 cm.
wide, acute, entire, glabrous; panicles many-flowered, longer than the leaves;
buds 5 to 6 mm. long.
6. Icacorea nigrescens (Oerst.) Standl.
Ardisia nigrescens Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1861: 130. pl. 2.
1861.
Veracruz; type material collected near Colipa and Jacaltepec.
79688—24—_18
1110 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Branchlets tomentose; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, about 6 em. long and 2
cm. wide, short-acuminate, acutish or rounded at base, glabrous above, strigose
or glabrate beneath; inflorescence few-flowered, terminal and axillary, often
simple and consisting of 2 to 4 umbellate flowers; buds 6 mm. long; sepals
ovate, acutish.
7. Icacorea pellucida (Oerst.) Standl.
Ardisia pellucida Oerst. Nat. For. Kj6benhavn Vid. Medd. 1861: 130. pl. 2.
1861.
Type from Pital, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Leaves oblong, about 25 cm. long and 8 em. wide, short-acuminate, acute
at base, glabrous; panicles few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves, the
flowers corymbose; sepals broadly ovate, acute.
8. Icacorea pectinata (Donn. Smith) Stand.
Ardisia pectinata Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 12: 132. 1887.
Tabasco. Type from Pansamalé, Guatemala.
Leaves elliptic, about 28 cm. long and 12 ecm. wide, acuminate, acute at
base, glabrous; panicles many-flowered, much shorter than the leaves, the
flowers corymbose, 5 mm. long, glabrous; sepals ovate, acutish, ciliate.
9. Icacorea crenipetala (Mez) Standl.
Ardisia crenipetala Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 236: 91. 1902.
Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Orizaba.
Branchlets puberulent; leaves elliptic or oblong-oblanceolate, 9 to 14 em.
long, 4 to 5 cm. wide, acuminate, acute at base, crenate, glabrous; panicles
pyramidal, few-flowered; buds 5 mm. long; sepals narrowly triangular, acutish.
10. Icacorea liebmannii (Oerst.) Standl.
Ardisia liebmannii Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. ‘Mead. 1861: 129. pl. 2.
1861.
Veracruz; type from Amatlan.
Branchlets puberulent; leaves elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, about
12 cm. long and 3.5 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate, acute or obtuse at base; panicles
many-fiowered, corymbiform, shorter than the leaves; buds 4 mm. long, gla-
brous; sepals broadly ovate.
11. Icacorea compressa (H. B. K.) Standl.
Ardisia compressa H. B. IK. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 245. 1819.
Ardisia capollina DC. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 116. 1834.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Central and South America.
Shrub or small tree, the branchlets glabrous or nearly so; leaves lanceolate
to oblong or elliptic, 6 to 15 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute at base, gla-
brous; panicles terminal and axillary, longer or shorter than the leaves, the
flowers white, 5 to 6 mm. long, glabrous; sepals ovate-elliptic; fruit globose,
red or black, about 6 mm. in diameter. ‘ Laurelillo” (Sinaloa) ; “ capulin
silvestre,” “chico correoso” (Veracruz) ; “ capulincilio” (Veracruz, Oaxaca) ;
“tucuico” (Costa Rica); “capulin de tején,”’ “ capulin de mayo” (Vera-
cruz) ; ‘‘ cerezo,” “ cerecilla,” ‘ cotomate,” “ cerecita’’ (El Salvador).
The fruit is edible and has an acid flavor.
5. PARATHESIS Hook. f.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 645. 1876.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves petiolate, entire or crenulate; flowers small,
5-parted, in terminal or axillary panicles, usually pink; sepals minute, connate
below; corolla rotate, the lobes linear or oblong, valvate; fruit small, globose,
1-seeded.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1lil
Panicles axillary.
Oyarycandhstyle: .clabrouset Pi ate. ttl attest 1. P. oerstediana.
Ovary or base of style, or both, pubescent.
Leaves 3.5 to 9 em. long.
Buds 2.5 mm. long; inflorescence simple or once branched__&. P. tenuis.
Buds 4 mm. long; inflorescence twice branched__________ 3. P. rekoi.
heavesnlils towltSiiem:, longesews ee ne yi el ee 4. P. melanosticta.
Panicles terminal.
Ovary pubescent, at least at apexes_2242!) 21) sees 5. P. serrulata.
Ovary glabrous.
MMO wersbudstditons mimanlong 2 Bee's & ot ceby ey eee 6. P. chiapensis.
Flower buds 5 mm. long or less.
Meavesw ala brOuSs1 =i seek tee oe ee 7. P. corymbosa.
Leaves thinly stellate-pubescent beneath______________ 8. P. lanceolata.
1. Parathesis oerstediana Mez in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 236: 178. 1902.
Type from Tontalcingo.
Branchlets ferruginous-tomentulose; leaves obovate, about 19 em. long and
8.5 em. wide, acute or acuminate, attenuate to base, entire, thin, glabrous above,
stellate-pubescent or glabrate beneath; panicles many-flowered, equaling or
shorter than the leaves; buds 4 mm. long, puberulent.
2. Parathesis tenuis Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected somewhere in southern Mexico, probably in Oaxaca or Vera-
eruz (Liebmann 14; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 1012707).
Branchlets slender, minutely brown-tomentulose; petioles 3 to 9 mm. eae
leaves elliptic or lance-elliptic, 3.5 to 5.5 em. long, 1.3 to 2 em. wide, abruptly
obtuse-acuminate, cuneate-acuminate at base, entire, thin, glabrous; panicles
few-flowered, once branched, or the flowers merely racemose, the inflorescence
slightly shorter than the leaves, on a long filiform peduncle, the pedicels fili-
form, 5 to 9 mm. long; buds 2.5 mm. long, minutely tomentulose; ovary puberu-
lent.
3. Parathesis rekoi Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Cafetal Soledad, Cerro Espino, Oaxaca, altitude 800 meters (Reko
3335; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 842483).
Branchlets minutely _tomentulose; peticles slender, 10 to 14 mm. long; leaf
blades obovate-elliptic, 5.5 to 9 em. long, 2.5 to 3.5 em. wide, obtusely short-
acuminate, cuneate at base, thin, entire or undulate-crenate, sparsely ap-
pressed, stellate-pubescent or glabrate; panicles axillary, twice branched, lax,
many-flowered, 10 to 13 em. long, the flowers long-pedicellate; buds 4 mm.
long, granular-puberulent; sepals punctate; anthers 1 mm. long, acuminate,
purple-punctate dorsally; ovary glabrous, the style puberulent.
4. Parathesis melanosticta (Schlecht.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 291.
1881.
Ardisia melanosticta Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 526. 1833.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type collected between San Salvador and
Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Branchlets ferruginous-tomentose; leaves oblanceolate or oblanceolate-ellip-
tie, 10 to 18 cm. longs acuminate, attenuate at base, entire or crenulate, tomentu-
lose or glabrate beneath; panicles many-flowered, equaling or shorter than the
leaves ; buds 4 to 5 mm. long, puberulent.
5. Parathesis serrulata (Swartz) Mez in Urban, Symb. Antill. 2: 403. 1901.
Ardisia serrulata Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. oes 48. 1788.
Ardisia crenulata Vent. Choix Pl. Cels 5. pl. 5. 1803.
1112 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Parathesis crenulata Hook. f.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 291. 1881.
Parathesis refleza T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 189. 1915.
Tepic to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. West Indies, Cen-
tral America, and northern South America.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branchlets ferruginous-tomentulose; leaves
petiolate, oblanceolate, oblong, or elliptic-lanceolate, 10 to 20 cm. long, acumi-
nate, attenuate or acute at base, entire or crenulate, glabrous above, beneath
glabrous or stellate-tomentulose; panicles many-flowered, shorter or longer
than the leaves; flowers pink, the buds about 4 mm. long, tomentulose; fruit
globose, bluish black. “Cugia” (Nicaragua); ‘cinco negritos” (Chiapas) ;
“rasca-garganta,” ‘seca-garganta’ (Porto Rico); “jalapén” (Santo Do-
mingo).
The fruit is edible.
6, Parathesis chiapensis Iernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 497. 1901.
Chiapas; type collected between San Martin and Ococingo.
Branchlets ferruginous-tomentose; leaves elliptic, about 17 cm. long and 7
ecm. wide, acuminate, erenulate, coriaceous, glabrous above, stellate-tomentu-
lose beneath; panicles pyramidal, longer than the leaves; buds tomentose.
“ Telinté.”’
7. Parathesis corymbosa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 191. 1881.
Guerrero, Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Yucatén; type from Sierra San Pedro
Nolasco, Oaxaca.
Shrub, sometimes 4 meters high; leaves elliptic or oblong-obovate, 13 em.
long and 5 cm. wide or smaller, acute, attenuate to base, entire, thin; panicles
many-flowered, pyramidal, the flowers pink; buds tomentulose.
8. Parathesis lanceolata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 188. 1915.
Chiapas; type from Finca Irlanda.
Branchlets ferruginous-tomentose; leaves elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 8 to
17 ecm. long, long-acuminate, attenuate to base, entire or crenulate, thin,
glabrous above, stellate-tomentulose or glabrate beneath; panicles equaling
or shorter than the leaves, tomentulose.
133. PLUMBAGINACEAE. Plumbago Family.
1. PLUMBAGO L. Sp. Pl. 151. 1753.
REFERENCE: Boissier in DC. Prodr. 12: 690-694. 1848.
Plants herbaceous or fruticose, subscandent; leaves alternate, entire, estipu-
late; flowers spicate, bracteate and bracteolate, blue or white; calyx tubular,
glandular, 5-dentate, 5-costate; corolla salverform, with a slender tube, the
limb 5-lobate; stamens 5, free from the corolla, the anthers oblong-linear;
style filiform, 5-branched; fruit a capsule, circumscissile near the base.
Plumbago capensis Thunb., a native of South Africa, with showy blue
flowers, is cultivated in Mexico. In El Salvador it is known as “ umbela”
and ‘“ lumbela.”
Corolla white, the tube twice as long as the calyx, the lobes retuse or obtuse;
calyx with’glands extending to the base________________ 1. P. scandens.
Corolla blue, the tube one and one-half times as long as the calyx or shorter,
the lobes acute; calyx without glands below____________ 2. P. pulchella.
al ‘Plumbago scandens L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 215. 1762.
Plumbago mexicana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 221. 1817.
Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in tropical America.
ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1113
Plants suffrutescent, subscandent, 1 to 3 meters high, glabrous except in the
inflorescence; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to ovate, acuminate, acute at base;
spikes long and slender, many-flowered ; calyx about 1 em. long; corolla 2.5
to 3.5 em. long. “Canutillo” (Sinaloa) ; “hierba de alacran” (Sinaloa, Jalisco,
Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato); “hierba del negro” (Conzaitt) ;
“lagafia de perro”? (Morelos, Seler); “chapak” (Yueatin, Maya, Seler) ;
“nitillo” (flower), “turicua” (Tamaul’pas) ; “dentelaria’”’ (Oaxaca, Reko) ;
“ tlalchichinolli,” “ tlepatli”” (Nahuatl) ; “ embeles,” “ jazmin azul” (Yucatan) ;
“beleza,” “ veleza enredadera,” ‘ meladillo,” “ higuillo ” (Porto Rico) ; “ cen-
tella,” “hierba del diablo” (Colombia) ; “ pegajoso” (Tamaulipas, Sinaloa) ;
“ guacochile”’ (El Salvador).
The leaves and root when applied to the skin produce almost instant rube-
faction and in a very short time blisters. Taken internally they are poisonous.
A decoction is applied externally for erysipelas, itch, and similar affections.
Plumbago europaea L., of Europe, has similar properties. It is used inter-
nally as an emetic. When chewed, the plant excites the flow of saliva. The
root has long been employed to relieve toothache, hence the French name of
“dentelaire.’ Beggars are said sometimes to employ the leaves to raise sores
upon the body for the purpose of exciting pity.
This species was listed by Sessé and Mocifio as P. zeylanica, an Old World
species.
2. Plumbago pulchella Boiss. in DC. Prodr. 12: 692. 1848.
Plumbago lanceolata Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 31. 1893.
Durango to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from the City of Mexico.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, subscandent, glabrous except in the in-
florescence; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, acute or attenuate at base; spikes
many-flowered, lax; calyx about 6 mm. long; corolla 10 to 15 mm. long.
“Pafiete” (Querétaro, Mexico) ; “ jiricua” (Mexico, Guanajuato) ; “ domin-
guilla” (Durango); “cola de iguana” (Mexico) ; “tiricua” (Guanajuato) ;
“hierba del negro” (Oaxaca); “cola de pescado” (Mexico); ‘“ curiqua”
(Michoacan, Tarascan, Leén) ; “ chilillo” (Oaxaca, Ramirez) ; “hierba del ala-
crin” (Zacatecas) ; ‘“ hierba lumbre” (Oaxaca, Zacatecas); “ tianquiz” (Que-
rétaro, Ramtrez); “tlepatli” (“ fire-medicine”), “ tlachichinol” (Nahuatl).
This is employed in Mexico like P. scandens, especially for toothache and to
destroy ulcers. It is also used popularly as a remedy for rheumatism.
134. SAPOTACEAE. Sapote Family.
Shrubs or trees, sometimes armed with spines, the sap often milky; leaves
alternate, entire, petiolate, estipulate, usually persistent; flowers axillary or
lateral, small, white or greenish, perfect; sepals 4 to 12, imbricate; corolla
gamopetalous, appendages often present between the lobes; stamens as many
as the corolla lobes, borne upon the corolla, usually alternating with stami-
nodia; ovary 4 to 12-celled, the styles united, the ovules solitary; fruit baccate
or drupaceous, small or large.
Sta mini@ dips OC tees a eee Le gs ee eee 1. CHRYSOPHYLLUM.
Staminodia present.
Appendages (2) present between the corolla lobes.
Ovary glabrous; endosperm abundant___-------~— es at nn ons ag 2. DIPHOLIS.
Ovary hairy; endosperm scant or none__--~-------------- 38. BUMELIA.
1114 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Appendages of the corolla none.
Ovary 10 to 12-celled; flowers solitary in the leaf axils__---- 4, ACHRAS.
Ovary 4 to 5-celled; flowers usually fasciculate in the axils, or lateral.
SSE TpeU TS FS E01 (ea a a Ba eT a fe 5. CALOCARPUM.
Sepals 4 to 6.
Endosperm none; flowers axillary_________-__________ 6. LUCUMA.
Endosperm abundant; flowers usually lateral on old wood.
7. SIDEROXYLON:
1. CHRYSOPHYLLUM L. Sp. Pl. 192. 1753.
Trees with milky juice; leaves with numerous close parallel lateral nerves,
estipulate; flowers fasciculate at the nodes or in the axils, pedicellate; sepals
5 or 6; corolla tubular-campanulate, the limb 5 or 6-lobate; staminodia none;
ovary 4 to 11-celled; fruit baccate or drupaceous.
Flowers small, about 2 mm. long; corolla glabrous____-__-_ 1. C. mexicanum.
Flowers larger, about 4 mm, long; corolla sparsely or densely sericeous.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface; fruit containing several seeds.
2. C. cainito.
Leaves ferruginous-tomentulose on the upper surface; fruit 1-seeded.
3. C. tepicense.
1. Chrysophyllum mexicanum T. §8. Brandeg., sp. nov.
Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Yucatin; type from Zacuapan, Veracruz (Purpus
7679; U. S. Nat. Herb. no 877540). Also in El Salvador.
Petioles 5 to 10 mm. long; leaf blades oval to oblong-elliptic, 5.5 to 12 cm.
long, 2.5 to 5 em. wide, obtuse to short-acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, with
very numerous close straight lateral nerves, glabrous above, sericeous beneath,
the hairs closely appressed, dense or sparse, grayish or brownish, lustrous;
flowers 5-parted, few or numerous, the pedicels 3 to 5 mm. long; sepals orbicular,
about 1 mm. long, sericeous; corolla 1.5 to 2 mm. long, glabrous; fruit 1-seeded.
“ Caimito,” ‘‘zapote caimito,” ‘“canela,”’ “palo de canela” (Oaxaca); “ za-
poyillo,” “ guayabillo” (El Salvador).
This has smaller flowers than any of the West Indian species. Liebmann
308, Purpus 8038, and Gaumer 896 are referred here. Mature fruit has not been
seen.
2. Chrysophyllum cainito L. Sp. Pl. 192. 1753.
Yucatin; cultivated (?) in Guerrero. West Indies, Central America, and
Colombia.
Tree, 8 to 15 meters high; leaves oval or broadly elliptic to oblong, 7 to 15
cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, bright green above, golden or brownish-
sericeous beneath, the pubescence very dense and lustrous; flowers greenish;
stigma 8 to 11-lobed; fruit the size of an apple, globose, white to purple, with
milky sweet flesh, containing several large brown seeds. ‘“‘ Caimito” (Yucatan,
Guerrero, Central America, Cuba, Santo Domingo) ; “ cayumito” (Yucatan).
The wood is said to be rather coarse and purplish gray, with a specific grav-
ity of 0.88; it is of little value. The star-apple is cultivated for its fruit, which
is highly valued in some parts of tropical America. The fruit is eaten raw.
‘The name star-apple is derived from the fact that when the fruit is cut trans-
versely, the seeds are seen to raidate like the points of a star. The tree is per-
haps not a native of Yucatan but only in cultivation there.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1115
3. Chrysophyllum tepicense Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Acaponeta, Tepic (Rose 1456; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 300289).
Branchlets brownish-tomentulose; leaves (very immature) on petioles 1.5
to 2 em. long, the blades oblong-elliptic, 3.5 to 4 em. long, 1.7 to 2 em. wide,
obtuse or rounded at base and apex, densely brown-tomentulose on both sur-
faces; flowers borne on defoliate nodes of old branchlets, numerous in each
cluster, the pedicels 8 to 10 mm. long, puberulent; sepals 5, orbicular, 2 mm.
long, minutely sericeous; corolla 3.5 mm. long, greenish, sparsely sericeous;
fruit oval, about 3 cm. long and 2 em. thick, 1-seeded; seed brown, smooth,
about 2.2 em. long, the hilum near the apex on the ventral side, 8 mm. long
and 3.5 mm. wide.
2. DIPHOLIS A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 188. 1844.
1. Dipholis salicifolia (L.) A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 188. 1844.
Achras salicifolia L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 470. 1762.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Yucatan. West Indies and southern Florida.
Slender unarmed tree, sometimes 16 meters high, with a trunk 50 ecm. in
diameter, the bark scaly; leaves slender-petiolate, oblong, lanceolate, or elliptic-
oblanceolate, 6 to 12 em. long, acute or acuminate, thinly sericeous when young
but soon glabrate; flowers in dense, lateral or axillary fascicles, the pedicels
2 to 3 mm. long; sepals sericeous, 1.5 mm. long; fruit ovoid or subglobose, black,
6 to 8 mm. in diameter; wood hard, strong, fine-grained, dark brown or reddish,
its specific gravity about 0.938. “ Xac-chum” (Yucatéin, Maya); “ jocuma,”
‘“‘almendro silvestre,” “‘ jocuma blanca,” ‘‘ cuyé,” “ carolina’ (Cuba) ; “ almen-
drén,” “ tabloncillo”” (Porto Rico).
Known in the British West Indies as “ bustic,” “ wild cassada,” and “ cassada-
wood.”
3. BUMELIA Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 49. 1788.
Shrubs or trees, usually armed with spines or with spinose branchlets;
leaves persistent or deciduous; flowers small, green or white, fasciculate, lateral
or axillary; sepals 5, unequal; corolla 5-lobate, with 2 lobelike appendages in
each sinus; staminodia petal-like; fruit 1-seeded.
Leaves tomentose beneath with loose matted hairs.
Hruitcand ovary densely tomentosese. eau 2 eee ee 1. B. eriocarpa.
Fruit and ovary glabrous or nearly so, or the ovary pilose with straight
hairs.
Fruit 7 to 10 mm. long; leaves attenuate at base________ 2. B. lanuginosa.
Fruit about 2 em. long; leaves rounded or obtuse at base.
Flowers sessile or subsessile-_______---_______-__- 3. B. subsessiliflora.
Flowers pedicellate.
Leaves short-petiolate, rough and dull on the upper surface, the
tomentum of the lower surface white or gray___4. B. altamiranoi.
Leaves long-petiolate, smooth and lustrous above, the tomentum
FELEU SIN OUS eee TE ee i ei Tyee ta 5. B. stenosperma.
Leaves glabrous beneath or sericeous, the pubescence of straight closely ap-
pressed hairs.
Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, broadest above the midle, cuneate or attenu-
ate at base. :
Pedicels: clabrouss2 2 == ts Ben eee pa fas Poway pare eee eer 6. B. spiniflora.
1116 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Pedicels sericeous or tomentulose.
Flowers long-pedicellate, the pedicels more than twice as long as the
calyx ; leaves 1.5 cm. long or smaller_____------- 7. B. occidentalis.
Flowers short-pedicellate, the pedicels usually less than twice as long
as the calyx; leaves mostly larger.
Flowers nearly sessile in anthesis, the pedicels usually shorter than
thes caliyxaiem _- tales tee vs feet —detesd 32h ee Se 8. B. retusa.
Flowers pedicellate, the calyx usually equaling or longer than the
calyx.
Leaves mostly 1.5 to 3 em. long, pale beneath______ 9. B. brandegei.
Leaves mostly 4 to 5.5 em. long, not pale beneath.
10. B. socorrensis.
Leaves oblong to oval or elliptic, broadest at or below the middle, usually
obtuse or rounded at base.
Petioles much longer than the pedicels, usually more than twice as long.
11. B. laetevirens.
Petioles equaling or usually shorter than the pedicels.
Pedicels densely ferruginous-sericeous_______________ 12. B. persimilis.
Pedicels glabrous or nearly so_____--__--------~--~-- 13. B. peninsularis.
1. Bumelia eriocarpa Greenm. & Conz. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 334. 1912.
Oaxaca; type from Cerro San Antonio, altitude 1,700 meters.
Leaves short-petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 cm.
wide, obtuse or rounded at apex, acute at base, thick-coriaceous, tomentulose
or glabrate above, densely tomentose beneath; pedicels much shorter than the
petioles, tomentose; fruit globose-ellipsoid, about 2 cm. long; seed 1.6 cm. long.
2. Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 237. 1805.
Siderozrylon lanuginosum Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 122. 1803.
Bumelia lanuginosa rigida A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 68. 1878.
Bumelia rigida Small, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 444. 1900.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leon. Southern United States.
Tree, sometimes 20 meters high, with a trunk 1 meter in diameter, but
usually much smaller, the branchlets spinose; bark dark grayish brown, deep-
ly fissured into scaly ridges; leaves short-petiolate, oblong, cuneate-obovate,
or oblong-oblanceolate, 2.5 to 8 em. long, obtuse, brown-tomentose beneath or
finally glabrate; pedicels about as long as the petioles; sepals 3 mm. long;
fruit oval or obovoid, black; wood hard, close-grained, brown or yellowish, its
specific gravity about 0.65. ‘‘Coma” (Texas).
The tree is known in Texas as “shittimwood” and “ chittimwood.” The
wood is sometimes used for cabinet work and tool handles. The flowers are
white and very sweet-scented. From the bark there exude drops of a gum,
which is often chewed by children, who call it “chicady,” this, according to
Mackensen,! being probably a corruption of “ chicle.” The gum is known also
as “gum elastic.” The fruit is edible but not very palatable.
3. Bumelia subsessilifiora Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 299. 1881.
Type from Guadalajara, Jalisco, altitude 900 meters.
Shrub, the branches armed with stout axillary spines 12 mm. long; leaves ~
short-petiolate, oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 3 ecm. wide, obtuse at each end,
ferruginous-puberulent or glabrate, coriaceous, lustrous above; sepals ferru-
ginous-hirsute .
The writer has seen no material of this species.
*The trees and shrubs of San Antonio and vicinity. 1909.
¥
;
4
Stas
ie ee, ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1117
4. Bumelia altamiranoi Rose & Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected near Cadeyreta, Querétaro (Rose, Painter & Rose 9725; U. 8.
Nat. Herb. no. 453214).
Large tree, the branches armed with stout spines 1 to 3 em. long, densely
tomentose; petioles 3 to 6 mm. long; leaf blades broadly ovate to elliptic or ob-
long-oval, 2 to 4.5 cm. iong, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, rounded to subacute at apex,
broadly rounded at base, loosely tomentose when young, glabrate above in age,
paler beneath; pedicels in fruit stout, 4 to 5 mm. long, densely whitish-tomen-
tose; fruit subglobose, 1.5 to 2 em. long. ‘“ Huicicialtemetl.”
Collected also at the same locality by F. Altamirano (no. 1644). The fruit
is edible and has a sweet and agreeable flavor.
5. Bumelia stenosperma Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected between Totolapa and San Carlos, Oaxaca, altitude 900 to
1,140 meters (Nelson 2548; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 569206).
Branches armed with stout spines 7 to 15 mm. long, the young branchlets
ferruginous-tomentose; petioles slender, 6 to 8 mm. long; leaf blades broadly
elliptic, 1.5 to 3 em. long, 1.2 to 1.8 em. wide, rounded or emarginate at apex,
obtuse at base, thinly tomentose above when young but soon glabrate and very
lustrous, densely ferruginous-tomentose beneath; pedicels in fruit very stout,
about 5 mm. long; fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; seed oblong, 1.5 cm.
long, 6 mm. thick, smooth, brownish gray, mottled with small, pale brown spots.
6. Bumelia spiniflora A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 191. 1844.
?Bumelia ferox Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 392. 1831.
?Bumelia spinosa A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 191. 1844.
Bumelia angustifolia Nutt. N. Amer. Sylv. 3: 38. pl. 93. 1849.
Bumelia schottii Britton, N. Amer. Trees 777. 1908.
Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leén; Sinaloa; Veracruz (?). Florida and Texas;
Rahamas; El Salvador.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high, the trunk sometimes 20 cm. in diam-
eter, the bark reddish gray, deeply fissured ; branchlets spinose, sericeous when
young or glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, cuneate-oblanceolate to rounded-
obovate, rounded at apex, coriaceous, subpersistent, glabrous; flowers short-
pedicellate; sepals 2 to 2.5 mm. long; fruit oblong or oval, 1 to 2 cm. long, black,
the flesh sweet and edible; wood hard, weak, light brown, its specific gravity
about 0.79. ‘‘Coma resinera” (Tamaulipas); “coma” (Texas, Tamaulipas).
Known in Florida and the Bahamas as “saffron plum,” “ ant’s-wood,” and
“downward plum.” The Mexican plant has been referred to B. cuneata
Swartz, a West Indian species. Endlich reports that in Tamaulipas the fruit
is eaten as an aphrodisiac.
7% Bumelia occidentalis Hémsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 298. 1881.
Sonora and southern Baja California; type from Sonora.
Shrub, the branchlets sometimes spinose; leaves short-petiolate, obovate or
cuneate, 6 to 15 mm. long, rounded at apex, grayish-sericeous or in age
glabrate; pedicels 5 to 18 mm. long, usually longer than the leaves; sepals 3
mm. long, tomentulose. ‘“ Bebelama” (Sonora).
8. Bumelia retusa Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 49. 1788.
Yucatéin. Jamaica (type locality).
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, broadly
obovate or rounded-obovate, 2.5 to 4.5 em. wide, rounded or emarginate at
apex, broadly cuneate or sometimes rounded at base, coriaceous, brown-sericeous
1118 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
beneath or glabrate; flowers numerous, in dense fascicles, greenish yellow;
fruit subglobose, 8 to 10 mm. long. ‘ Putzmucuy” (Yucatin, Maya).
The Yucatan material has been referred to B. buzifolia Willd., B. glomerata
Griseb., and B. microphylla Griseb., but it is probable that all the collections
are referable to B. retusa, to which some of them have been referred by
Pierre and Urban.
9. Bumelia brandegei Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 76. 1907.
Bumelia fragrans T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 106. 1901. Not B. fragrans Ridley,
1890.
Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high, the branches armed with short spines; leaves
short-petiolate, cuneate-obovate to suborbicular, rounded or retuse at apex,
thick, glabrous or nearly so; flowers white, very fragrant, in dense fascicles,
the pedicels 6 to 10 mm. long.
10. Bumelia socorrensis T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 106. 1901.
Socorro Island.
Spiny shrub; leaves oblong-obovate, rounded at apex, cuneate at base,
sparsely brown-sericeous when young but soon glabrate, thin; flowers few,
the pedicels 3 to 4 mm. long; fruit ellipsoid, 12 to 14 mm. long, 8 mm. thick.
11. Bumelia laetevirens Hemsl. Biol, Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 298. 1881.
Bumelia mexicana Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 12: 519. 1890.
Achras olivacea Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 91. 1894.
Bumelia palmeri Rose, Gard. & For. 7: 195. f. 35. 1894.
Bumelia arborescens Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 339. 1895.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Cordil-
lera of Oaxaca.
Tree, sometimes 16 meters high, with broad spreading dense crown, the bark
thick, dark, irregularly furrowed; branchlets often spinose; leaves slender-
petiolate, oblong to elliptic or broadly*ovate, 5 to 10.5 em. long, 2.5 to 5.5 cm.
wide, rounded to subacute at apex, obtuse or acute at base, bright green,
glabrous and lustrous above, paler beneath, and when young densely sericeous ;
flowers white, sweet-scented, in dense fascicles; fruit globose or oval, 1 to
1.5 em. long, depressed at apex, black; seeds rounded, 8 to 10 mm. long, brown,
very lustrous. “Coma” (Tamaulipas) ; “ tempixtle” (Oaxaca, Veracruz, Ja-
lisco) ; “tempixquiztli,’” ‘ tempesquistle,” ‘“ tempizquixtli,’ ‘ tempizquiztle”
(Oaxaca, Veracruz, Puebla, Jalisco) ; “tempixle” (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “ tilapo”
(Oaxaca, Veracruz, Jalisco); ‘‘cupia,” ‘“‘bebelama” (Sinaloa); ‘ tempes-
chitle,” “ tilzapotl,” ‘ tempextle” (Sessé ¢& Mociio).
The fruit is said to yield a kind of “chicle.” It is eaten either fresh or
dried, and is often seen in the markets. The imniature fruits are pickled in
vinegar and salt, like olives. The ripe fruit is sweet and mucilaginous.
The tree is described by Hernindez under the name “tempixquiztli.” He
states that a decoction of the leaves was dropped into the ears and nostrils
to allay pain, and that the leaves were heated and applied to = teeth for
the same purpose, as well as to harden the gums.
12. Bumelia persimilis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 298. 1881.
Veracruz; type from region of Orizaba.
Tree; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-oblong, 5 to 9 cm. long, obtuse at base
and apex, bright green and glabrous above, brown-sericeous beneath when
young; flowers in dense fascicles, the pedicels 6 to 10 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1119
13. Bumelia peninsularis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 107. 1901.
Southern Baja California, the type from mountains of the Cape Region;
Sinaloa; San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, 3 to 4 meters high, the branches armed with spines; leaves short-
petiolate, oblong to elliptic-oval, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, rounded at apex, obtuse or
rounded at base, ferruginous-sericeous when young but soon glabrate; fascicles
few-flowered ; fruit ellipsoid, about 1.5 em. long.
4. ACHRAS L. Sp. Pl. 1190. 1753.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Achras zapota L. Sp. Pl. 1190. 1758.
Achras sapota L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 470. 1762.
Achras zapota zapotilla Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 57. 1763.
Sapota achras Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Sapota no. 1. 1768.
Sapota zapotilla Coville, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 9: 369. 1905.
Sonora to Chiapas, Tabasco, Yucatén, and Veracruz; indigenous in Chiapas,
Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Yucatan, but elsewhere perhaps only cultivated or ad-
ventive. West Indies, Central America, and northern South America, but
doubtfully indigenous.
Large tree, sometimes 20 meters high or more, the crown dense, rounded
or elongate; bark brownish, furrowed; leaves petiolate, clustered at the
ends of the stout branchlets, elliptic-oblong or elliptic, 5 to 14 em. long, obtuse,
acute or obtuse at base, glabrous when mature, the lateral nerves numerous
and parallel but scarcely visible; flowers solitary in the axils, the pedicels
1 to 1.5 cm. long; sepals usually 6, ovate, 9 mm. long; corolla white, 1 cm.
long, glabrous; staminodia petal-like; fruit ovoid or globose, 6 cm. long or
larger, the skin thin, brown, scaly or smooth; seeds 1 to 5, sometimes 10
or 12, brown or black, smooth and shining, 2 to 2.5 em. long. ‘“ Zapote”
(Yucatan, ete., Cuba); “ chicozapote” (Veracruz, Oaxaca, Jalisco, Guerrero,
ete.; from the Nahuatl tzicozapotl, *“*gum-zapote”’; also written chiczapotl
and zicozapotl) ; “sheink” (Mixe, Belmar) ; “‘ zapote chico” (various locali-
ties); “chicle” (the gum); “palo Maria” (Yucatan, Chiapas, Ramirez) ;
“wa” (Yueatin, Maya); “zapotillo” (Morelos, Veracruz, Ramirez);
“neruétano” (Yucatén, Colima, Urbina); “ zapote de abejas” (Yucatin,
Colima, Urbina) ; “ guenda-xifa”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; “ chico” (Philip-
pines) ; ‘‘nispero”’ (Central America, Porto Rico, Cuba, Venezuela, Colombia) ;
“muyozapot’”’ (El Salvador) ; “mamey” (Panama).
The sapodilla or naseberry is one of the best-known tropical American
trees. The fruit is highly esteemed by many persons. It is variable in form,
but usually 5 to 9 em. in diameter; the flesh is yellowish brown, translucent,
soft, sweet, and delicious when fully ripe, but when green it contains tannin
and a milky latex.
The most important product of the tree is “chicle” gum, which is employed
in the manufacture of chewing gum. This is obtained by tapping the trees,
or by pressing the fruit. That obtained by tapping is known as “chicle
eorriente,’”’ and that from the fruit as ‘chicle blanco” or ‘“ chicle virgen.”
The sap obtained by tapping is boiled after having been collected, and as
a result the gum coagulates and is separated. Large mounts of the gum
are exported from Chiapas, Tabasco, and Yucatan. The Aztecs were well
acquainted with its extraction; the women and children chewed it, and figures
were sometimes modeled from it.
1120 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The wood is fine, hard, and reddish. It is used for making carts and
other articles. The bark is said to contain an alkaloid, sapotine, and is em-
ployed locally as a remedy for fevers. Diuretic properties are attributed
to the seeds. j
Achras cosagiiico Llave,* described from Veracruz, is probably a synonym.
It was described as having yellow fruit, and the vernacular name was given
as “ cosagitiico,” which, according to Urbina, should probably be “ cozahuico.”
The tree is described by Hernandez under the name “ xicozapotl.” For illus-
trations see Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: pl. 46, 47.
5. CALOCARPUM Pierre in Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 97. 1904.
Only one other species is known, a native of Central America.
1. Calocarpum mammosum (L.) Pierre in Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 98. 1904.
Siderorylum sapota Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 15. 1760.
Achras mammosa lL. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 469. 1762.
Lucuma mammosa Gaertn. f. Fruct. & Sem. 3: 129. pl. 203. 1805.
Vitellaria mammosa Radlk. Sitzungsb. Math. Phys. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen
12: 296. 1882.
Achradelpha mammosa Cook, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 8: 160. 1913.
Widely cultivated in the warmer parts of Mexico, as far north as Sinaloa;
perhaps native in southern Mexico. Widely distributed in tropical America,
at least in cultivation.
Tree, 10 to 30 meters high, with milky juice, the crown rounded or de-
pressed; bark reddish brown, shaggy; leaves deciduous, petiolate, obovate, 10
to 380 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex, attenuate at base, pubescent beneath
when young but soon glabrate, the lateral nerves distant, parallel; flowers
glomerate, subsessile, on defoliate branches; sepals 8 to 10, 2.5 to 6 mm. long,
sericeous; corolla white, 9 to 10 mm. long, 5-lobate; fruit globose or ovoid, 8
to 20 cm. long, pointed at apex, the skin brown, scaly, the flesh pink or reddish ;
seed 1, about 8 cm. long, smooth and lustrous except for the large ventral area.
“ Zapote”’ (various localities, also Central America, Colombia, Ecuador, from
the Nahuatl, tzapotl); “atzapotlquahuitl” (Nahuatl, Ramirez); ‘ zapote
colorado” (Tabasco, Ramirez); ‘ tezonzapote” (southern Mexico, from the
Nahuatl, tezontzapotl; “ lava-zapote,’”’ from the rough brown skin, which resem-
bles tezontle, a kind of volcanic rock) ; ‘‘mamey colorado” (Oaxaca, Yuecatin,
Cuba, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador); ‘ mamey” (Guerrero, Morelos, Cuba) ;
“zapote mamey’” (Morelos, Yuecatin, Oaxaca, Guerrero); “haaz,” ‘“ chacal
haaz” (Yucatén, Maya; according to Seler, haaz is now the Maya word for
banana, but this is a recent application; the sapote is now called chacal haaz,
“red haaz,” to distinguish it from the banana); “ potkak” (fruit), “kauk-
pahk” (seed) (Mixe, Belmar); “mamey zapote” (Porto Rico); “tsapas
sabani” (Zoque).
The sapote (known also as “ mamee sapote” and “ marmalade-fruit’’) is
a common fruit tree of tropical America. By many persons the fruit is highly
esteemed, but it is rarely liked by those who have not been accustomed to it.
The flesh is sweetish, with peculiar flavor, and is often made into marmalade or
jelly.
The handsome seeds, known in Mexico as “pizle” or “ pixtle,” and in
Central America as “ sapuyul” or “ zapoyol,” are still used in Central America
and southern Mexico, mixed with cacao and parched corn, for the preparation
1 Registro Trimestre, Mexico, Febr. 6, 1832.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1121
of a beverage, which is called “ choue”’ by some of the Mexican Indians. The
sapote seeds are used because of their flavor, which resembles that of bitter
almonds. In Costa Rica they were formerly employed in place of an iron
for smoothing starched linen. In the same country, as well as in Mexico, the
kernels are ground and made into sweetmeats.
The wood is said to be fine-grained, hard, and compact, with a specific
gravity of about 0.58. It is suitable for cabinet work but is little used, since
the trees are protected for their fruit.
There is a popular belief in Mexico that the oil of the seeds will restore
fallen hair. According to Altamirano’* and others this results from the fact
that the Aztecs employed it for dressing the hair, to keep it soft and to prevent
dandruff. The seed coat was used by the Aztecs as a remedy for epilepsy,
and in Costa Rica it is considered a cure for colds. The sap of the tree is
said to have vomitive and anthelmintic properties and the seeds to be diuretic.
The tree is described by Hernandez under the name ‘“ tezontzapotl.”’ He
states that the oil of the seeds was applied to painted jicaras (cups made
from gourds) and to other similar objects to fix their colors. The pulverized
seed coat, drunk in wine, is said to cure the gravel and heart affections.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CALOCARPUM PARVUM Pierre, Notes Bot. Sapot. 13. 1890. Briefly described
from Mexico. The vernacular name is given as ‘“ zapote nif.”
6. LUCUMA Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chil. 186. 1782.
Shrubs or trees, with milky juice; leaves petiolate; flowers pedicellate, soli-
tary or fasciculate in the axiis; sepals 4 to 6; corolla urceolate or campanu-
late, 4 or 5-lobate; stamens 4 or 5, alternating with small, linear or scalelike
staminodia; seeds 1 to 5.
RST) pe ee Se eee eee ag Eee ery Ae i Ee 1. L. salicifolia.
Sepals.4 or 5.
Sepaisra= 2200s Umeha ls oor! yah ete sek. ofeale Wa yaie = 2. L. sphaerocarpa.
Sepals 5.
Leaves subacuminate, 20 to 23 em. long__--__-_-_-__-- 8. L. campechiana.
Leaves mostly obtuse, 6 to 16 em. long____--_--___-----_-_- 4. L. palmeri.
1. Lucuma salicifolia H. B. K Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 241. 1819.
Vitellaria salicifolia Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engl. 12: 514. 1890.
Siderorylon campestre T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 329. 1920.
Veracruz and Morelos, and probably elsewhere.
Small or large tree, the branchlets brownish-sericeous or glabrate; leaves
slender-petiolate, lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 13 to 28 em. long, 3 to
7.5 em. wide, acute or acuminate, attenuate at base, lustrous, glabrous; sepals
about 6 mm. long, sericeous; corolla yellowish green; fruit subglobose or
ovoid, 7.5 to 12 em. in diameter, orange-yellow when mature, the pulp red-
dish yellow; seeds 3 or 4, ellipsoid, dark brown, about 5 em. long and 2.5 em.
thick. “ Zapote amarillo,” ‘“zapote borracho,” ‘“ cozticzapotl,”’ ‘‘ atzapotl,”
“ atzapolquahuitl,” ‘“ zapote de nifio.”
The fruit is edible and is found in the markets, but the tree is seldom culti-
vated. The fruit is said to produce drowsiness, hence its name of ‘ zapote
borracho.” The bark is reputed to have antiperiodic properties.
*FWernando Altamirano, El Arbol de mamey, Naturaleza 3: 1388-144. 1876.
s
Tie CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The tree is described by Hernindez, who says: ‘The Mexicans in their
language, which is expressive, elegant, and precise, indicate in their names
the properties as well as the uses of plants. In this way, they apply the name
tzapotl [zapote] as a general term to all fruits which have a sweet flavor,
and zocotl [jocote] to those which are sour. The atzapotl or ‘water tzapotl’”
is so called because it comes from a tree which grows near the water. It is
a large tree, with leaves like those of the orange, and bears near the ends
of the branches white star-shaped flowers, which produce a fruit nearly round,
large, yellow within, and of sweet flavor. This is in a way a disagreeable
and indigestible food, and sometimes excites fever. Within the fruit is a
stone which is used especially for ulcers.”
2. Lucuma sphaerocarpa DC. Prodr. 8: 169. 1844. .
Described from one of Sessé and Mocifio’s drawings of a Mexican plant;
not known to the writer.
Petioles 6 to 8 mm. long; leaf blades oblong-obovate, 7.5 to 10 cm. long, 3.7
em. wide, acute, acuminate at base; flowers pedicellate, in clusters of 3 or
4: corolla 6-lobate, greenish; fruit globose, 6 cm. in diameter, greenish, the
flesh yellow; seeds 4, fuscous, ellipsoid, 3 cm. long.
The names “comingalo” (Jalisco), ‘ tempixque,” and “tempixtle” (Tierra
Caliente) are reported for this plant in Mexican literature, but there is no
reason for believing that they apply to the plant originally described as
Lucuma sphaerocarpa.
8. Lucuma campechiana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 240. 1819.
Vitellaria campechiana Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Engl. 12: 518. 1890.
Type from Campeche. Reported from Honduras by Hemsley. Not known
to the present writer.
Petioles about 2.5 cm. long; leaf blades oblong, 7 to 8 em. wide, acute at
base, glabrous, lustrous; pedicels ternate, half as long as the petiole; corolla
5-lobate, glabrous.
4, Lucuma palmeri Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 87. 1897.
Colima to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco. El Salvador.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high, the branchlets brown-sericeous; leaves petiolate,
oblanceolate or oblong-obovate, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. wide, attenuate at base, ferrugi-
nous-pubescent beneath when young but soon glabrate; flowers solitary, gemi-
nate, or ternate, the pedicels 1 to 2 em. long; sepals 5.5 mm. long, sericeous ;
corolla twice as long as the calyx, 5 or 7-lobate; fruit subglobose, 3 cm. long,
yellow; seed 1, ellipsoid, 2.5 cm. long, stramineous, lustrous. “ Huicdén,”
“nalo huicén”’; “ gtiicume” (El Salvador).
The fruit is edible, but of poor quality.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES. —
LUCUMA MULTIFLORA DC. is said to be cultivated in Yucatéin, where it is
known as “kanizté” or “ kanisté.” The writer has seen no specimens from
Yueatin. The species is a native of Porto Rico and the Lesser Antilles.
7. SIDEROXYLON L. Sp. Pl. 192. 1753.
Shrubs or trees; leaves usually long-petiolate; flowers small, white or
greenish yellow, in dense, axillary or lateral fascicles; sepals usually 5, ovate
or orbicular, obtuse, subequal; corola tubular-campanulate, usually 5-lobate;
ovary usually 5-celled; fruit mostly 1-seeded.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 11238
Pedicels and petioles glabrous.
SEV aAlSel) MM On ee es ee ed Aon tet 9 end eee 1. S. gaumeri.
Sepals’ Semimi lone. 26 te ed 2 AE Ee a RS Dit 2. S. tempisque.
Pedicels and petioles pubescent.
Leaves whitish, covered on both sides with a dense tomentum, small, mostly
1 fo 2 ems Wwidel sweeney ents eel te aan’ 3. S. leucophyllum.
Leaves green, not tomentose, mostly 4 to 7 cm. wide.
Petioles elongate, usually half as long as the blades or longer.
4. S. capiri.
Petioles short, a fifth as long as the blades or shorter.
5. S. angustifolium.
1. Sideroxylon gaumeri Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 460. f. 86. 1912.
Yucatin; type from Izamal.
Tree, 30 meters high or less, glabrous throughout; leaves long-petiolate,
oblong or oval-oblong, 8 to 14 cm. long, obtuse, rounded or obtuse at base,
eoriaceous, lustrous; flowers in dense fascicles on old wood, the pedicels 4
to 6 mm. long; fruit ellipsoid, 1-seeded, about 2 cm. long.
This has been reported from Yucatin as S. mastichodendron Jacq., a West
Indian species, to which it is closely related.
2. Sideroxylon tempisque Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 461. f. 87, 88.
1912.
Chiapas. Central America; type from Laguna de Santa Tecla, El Salvador.
Large tree, glabrous throughout; leaves long-petiolate, oval or elliptic-oblong,
7 to 12 cm. long, obtuse or subacute, obtuse or rounded at base, coriaceous; pedi-
cels 5 to 6 mm. long, densely clustered on old wood; corolla 7 to 8 mm. long;
fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, 3 to 4 em. long, 1-seeded. ‘“‘ Tempisque”’ (Guatemala,
El Salvador) ; “saquaia” (Hl Salvador).
8. Sideroxylon leucophyllum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 59. 1889.
Southern Baja California; type from Los Angeles Bay.
Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, the trunk sometimes 30 cm. in
diameter; leaves oblong or narrowly oblong, 4 to 7 em. long, obtuse, short-pe-
tiolate; flowers densely clustered in the leaf axils; sepals 4 mm. long, densely
white-tomentose; corolla greenish yellow, 5 mm. long.
The fruit is not known, and the generic position of the plant is uncertain.
4. Sideroxylon capiri (A. DC.) Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 462, 1912.
Lucuma capiri A. DC. in DC. Prodr, 8: 173. 1844.
Siderorylon mexicanum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 296. 1881.
Siderozylon petiolare A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 484. 1887.
Achras capiri Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. ed. 2. 48. 1893.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Guerrero; type (according to Sessé and Mocifio)
from Michoacan.
Large tree, the bark reddish brown or brownish yellow, the branchlets tomen-
tulose; petioles often as long as the blades; leaf blades ovate to oval or oblong,
7 to 16 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, rounded or obtuse at base, brown-
ish-pubescent when young, in age glabrate; pedicels 10 to 12 mm. long, clus-
tered on defoliate branches; sepals about 4 mm. long; corolla pale yellow;
fruit ovoid, globose, or ellipsoid, 3 to 3.5 em. long, containing 1 or more seeds.
“Capiri,’ “capire’” (Michoacin, Guerrero); “tempixque,” ‘“ tempisque”
(Michoacin) }; “ huacux” (Michoacan, Tarascan) ; “ zapote de ave” (Michoa-
cin, Guerrero, Urbina) ; “‘ tototzapotl” (Nahuatl) ; “ cosahuico” (Conzatti).
_ The fruit is sweet and is eaten either raw or cooked. Birds are said to be
fond of it.
1194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Sideroxylon angustifolium Standl., sp. nov.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from La Peonia, Sinaloa, altitude 610 meters
(Montes & Salazar 884; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 1035645).
Tree, 15 to 18 meters high, the trunk 40 to 60 cm. in diameter; leaves
oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, 13 to 18 cm. long, 4 to 6 cm. wide, acute or
cbtuse, acute or subobtuse at base, brownish-pubescent on both surfaces or
finally glabrate above; petioles 2 to 2.5 em. long; flowers fasciculate on old
wood, the pedicels 7 to 9 mm. long, pubescent; sepals 3 mm. long, brown-
sericeous; ovary 5-lobate, glabrous. ‘‘ Tempisque,” “ tempixtle” (S'naloa).
The bark is used in Sinaloa for curdling milk.
One collection from Oaxaca (Nelson 2345) probably represents the same
species, although in this the leaves are rounded or very obtuse at apex. The
fruit is subglobose, 1-seeded, and about 2.5 em. long.
135. DIOSPYRACEAE. Persimmon Family.
REFERENCE: Hiern, A monograph of Ebenaceae, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soe.
12: 27-300. 1873.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, entire, deciduous or persistent, estipulate;
flowers small, white or green, solitary or cymose, axillary, unisexual; calyx
inferior, the segments connate, persistent and accrescent in fruit; corolla
urceolate, campanulate, or salverform ; stamens 3 to many, inserted at the base
of the corolla; ovary 2 to 16-celled, the ovules usually solitary; fruit baccate,
large, containing several large seeds.
SOV a (srs Ms ON it 10 Pema eee eae Se ee SOMME Far OMNIS See ONS EEE ne, See a egy year 1. MABA.
AIG CRS 14: FO nG-Po RECG ej ty ey Ee gee 2. DIOSPYROS.
1. MABA Forst. Char. Gen. 121. 1776.
Shrubs or trees; flowers dioecious, 3-parted, solitary or in small cymes, axil-
lary; calyx 3-lobate, accrescent; corolla tubular or campanulate; stamens 3
to many in the staminate flower, usually about 9, glabrous; ovary 3 or 6-celled,
usually hairy; fruit globose or ovoid, 1 to 6-celled, containing 1 to 6 seeds.
Leaves densely and softly grayish-pubescent beneath___________ 1. M. albens.
Leaves glabrate beneath, or the pubescence sparse or, if dense, brownish.
Leaves acute or acuminate.
Leaves hirtellous; fruiting calyx deeply lobate______ 2. M. acapulcensis.
Leaves sparsely appressed-pilosulous or glabrate; fruiting calyx shallowly
Jo Weitere 088 2 ait: a wt bp ee CREE nag 3. M. verae-crucis.
Leaves rounded or very obtuse at apex.
Leaves 5.5 to 6 em. wide, oblong-ovalu-_ 2 — +) 4. M. rekoi.
Leaves 3 cm. wide or narrower.
Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, 5.5 to 8 em. long, glabrate.
5. M. salicifolia.
Leaves oblong to obovate or elliptic, usually less than 6 cm. long, densely
pubescent beneath, at least when young.
Leaves hirtellous beneath, mostly 3 to 6 em. long__6. M. latifolia.
Leaves appressed-pilosulous beneath, mostly 1 to 2 em. long.
7. M. intricata.
1. Maba albens (Presl) Hiern, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 12: 126. 1878.
Diospyros albens Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 62. 1836.
(inerrero and Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Leaves short-petiolate, oblong-obovate or oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or
rounded at apex, acute at base, densely pubescent on both surfaces; staminate
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. p15
calyx about 6 mm. long, densely pubescent; corolla pubescent outside, glabrous
within. “Coacolutillo” (Conzatti).
2. Maba acapulcensis (H. B. K.) Hiern, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 12: 128.
18738.
Diospyros acapulcensis H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 3: 254. 1819.
Type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Leaves obovate-lanceolate, about 6.5 em. long and 2 cm. wide, acute, cuneate
at base, membranous; fruit subsessile, subglobose, 2.5 cm. in diameter, the
ealyx nearly 2.5 cm. broad.
3. Maba verae-crucis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 119. 1916.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Catemaco, Veracruz, altitude 300 meters.
EI Salvador.
Leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-obovate or oblanceolate-oblong, 5.5 to 8.5 em.
long, 1.8 to 4 cm. wide, attenuate at base, glabrate in age; calyx 6 mm. long,
densely pubescent; fruit 1.2 to 1.6 cm. in diameter, 6-seeded. ‘‘ Pipinance”
(El Salvador).
4. Maba rekoi Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 193. 1919.
Type from Puerto Angel, Oaxaca.
Leaves short-petiolate, 10 to 11 cm. long, rounded at base, minutely pilose
or glabrate; fruit globose, 1.5 to 2 cm. in diameter, the calyx 1.5 to 2 em.
broad, densely puberulent. ‘‘ Zapote enano.”
5. Maba salicifolia (Humb. & Bonpl.) Hiern, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc.
12: 129. 1878.
Diospyros salicifolia Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1112. 1805.
Specimens from Acapulco, Guerrero, are probably referable here; the species
was described from tropical America.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, 1 to 2 cm. wide, coriaceous,
lustrous above, narrowed to the base; fruit about 2.5 cm. in diameter, greenish
yellow. ‘“Coacollatillo” (Palmer); ‘“ébano” (Guerrero).
The fruit is edible, as in other species of the genus.
6. Maba latifolia Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 118. 1916.
Sinaloa; type from Guadalupe.
Shrub or tree, 1 to 9 meters high; leaves oblong to oval-obovate, 1.5 to 3
em. wide, rounded at apex, obtuse at base, coriaceous, grayish green; fruit
about 2.5 em. in diameter, yellowish, with reddish pulp; seeds 6, 11 mm. long.
“ Estrellito.”
7. Maba intricata (A. Gray) Hiern, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 12: 126.
1873.
Macreightia intricata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 163. 1862.
Southern Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Leaves oblong-obovate or oblong, 5 to 8 mm. wide, rounded at apex, obtuse
or cuneate at base, coriaceous, grayish green; fruit orange, 1.5 to 2 em. in
diameter, 6-seeded. ‘ Zapotillo.”
This was reported by Goldman’ as Brayodendron texanum.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Masa PAvontr (A. DC.) Hiern, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 12: 129. 18783.
Diospyros pavonii A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 222. 1844. Described as a native of
*Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 359. 1916.
1126 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
either Mexico or Peru, but no similar plant has been found recently in
Mexico. The vernacular name is given as “orlaca,’ which does not suggest
a Mexican name.
2. DIOSPYROS L. Sp. Pl. 1057. 1753.
Shrubs or trees; leaves persistent or deciduous; flowers dioecious, rarely
polygamous, axillary, cymose or fasciculate; calyx 4 or 5-lobate; corolla urceo-
late, campanulate, or salverform, the lobes obtuse, spreading or recurved; fruit
baceate, containing 1 to 10 seeds.
The genus is a large one, containing 150 or more species, most of which are
natives of the Old World. Some of them furnish the ebony of commerce.
Diospyros kaki L. is the Japanese persimmon, which is widely grown for its
large handsome sweet fruit. Diospyros virginiana L. is the common persimmon
of the eastern and southern United States. Its fruit is extremely astringent
when green, but in fall, especially after frost, it becomes soft and sweet. It
is a favorite wild fruit in the regions where it grows, and has been used in
the preparation of a kind of beer, as well as distilled liquors. In the Southern
States the seeds have been roasted and ground and used as a coffee substitute.
The green fruit contains tannic acid, and has been employed as a domestic
remedy for diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, and uterine hemorrhage. The bark
is astringent and very bitter.
The following names are reported for unplaced Mexican species of Diospyros ;
they probably relate to D. ebenaster: “ Hinchuik,” “ huinchuik” (Mixe, Bel-
mar); “bomuttza” (Otomi, Buelna).
Ovary and fruit glabrous.
eaves densely pubescent => =. += ue = re ee ee 1. D. oaxacana,
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves acute or acuminate.
seavyes; ciliates s2e sy oer a Saas eee 2 2. D. blepharophylila.
Heaves> not: ciliateti222s. os AO eee 3. D. conzattii.
Leaves rounded or retuse at apex.
lowers) 5-partedts 22 8) 6. 222 ee eee 4. D. palmeri.
WiOwWeLrseAayarLeg es soe ee ee =. Ain sae a chat, 2 Ree DM een 5. D. anisandra.
Ovary and fruit pubescent.
eaves densely. hirtellous’ beneath 2-2 * 2" _ Sva22 2 ee 6. D. texana.
Leayes glabrous beneath, or when young with sparse appressed hairs.
Fruit 4 to 7 em. in diameter; leaves mostly 9 to 17 cm. long.
7. D. ebenaster.
Fruit 3 em. or less in diameter; leaves usually smaller.
Calyx lobes broadest toward the apex, obtuse; leaves nearly sessile.
8. D. sonorae.
Calyx lobes broadest at the apex, acutish or acute; leaves usually con-
spicuously petiolate.
Leaves rounded at base; petioles 2 to 4 mm. long__9. D. sinaloensis.
Leaves obtuse or cuneate at base; petioles 6 to 7 mm. long.
Calyx densely» puberulentssa>: 2 _ spreehtol) 2 fete 10. D. rosei.
Calyx nearly .flabrous=_ == ee 11. D. sphaerantha.
1. Diospyros oaxacana Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 194. 1919.
Type from Cuicatlin, Oaxaca, altitude 600 meters.
Leaves nearly sessile, obovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 4 to 7.5 em. long,
obtuse or rounded at apex and base; fruit pedicellate, 1.5 em. or more in
diameter, the calyx lobes oblong, obtuse.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. ey
2. Diospyros blepharophylla Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 119. 1916.
Diospyros ciliata A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 229. 1844. Not D. ciliata Raf. 1836.
The type is said to have come from southern Mexico.
Petioles 1 cm. long; leaves ovate-elliptic, 4 to 7 cm. long, obtuse at base,
membranaceous; flowers 4-parted.
3. Diospyros conzattii Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 12: 399. 1922.
Type from Cafetal San Rafael, Cerro Espino, Distrito de Pochutla, Oaxaca,
altitude 1,000 meters.
Tree, 10 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-oblong or lance-oblong,
5 to 9.5 em. long, acuminate; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 15 to 18 mm. long,
long-attenuate; fruit depressed-globose, about 4 em. in diameter, green, the
flesh black; seeds 5 to 10. ‘“ Zapote negro montés.”
The fruit is said to be of excellent flavor, and Professor Conzatti states
that it is superior to any of the native Mexican fruits, with the possible ex-
ception of the chicozapote.
4. Diospyros palmeri Hastw. Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 604. 1909.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type from San Dieguito, San Luis Potosi.
Shrub or small tree, 2.5 to 4.5 meters high, the trunk 10 to 15 em. in diameter,
the bark scaly; leaves oblong-obovate or elliptic-oblong, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. long;
flowers 5-parted, glabrous; fruit black, 2.6 to 3 cm. in diameter. ‘“ Chapote,”
“zapote negro” (Tamaulipas).
5. Diospyros anisandra Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 44. 1921.
Type from forests of Suitun, Yucatan.
Shrub, 3 meters high; leaves obovate, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. long, retuse at apex,
shining above, glabrous except for a few hairs at base of blade on upper side;
staminate corolla yellow, 14 mm. long, glabrous.
6. Diospyros texana Scheele, Linnaea 22: 145 1849.
Brayodendron texanum Small, Bull. Torrey Club 28: 356. 1901.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas. Western Texas.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 16 meters high, with a trunk 60 cm. in diameter;
bark thin, smooth, light reddish gray, the outer layers peeling off; leaves nearly
sessile, broadly obovate or oblong-obovate, 1 to 4 cm. long, rounded or emar-
ginate at apex; corolla sericeous, 8 to 12 mm. long; fruit black, about 2 em. in
diameter, the pulp sweet, dark, containing 3 to 8 seeds; wood hard, compact,
nearly black, its specific gravity about 0.85. ‘‘ Chapote” (Tamaulipas, Texas) ;
* chapote prieto”’ (Nuevo Ledén).
The wood is susceptible of a high polish. It has been used for turning and
for making tool handles, and in England it is said to have been used as a sub-
stitute for boxwood, in making engravings. The fruit is astringent when
green but sweet when fully ripe. It leaves an indelible black stain upon every-
thing with which it comes in contact, and is employed locally for dyeing sheep
and goat skins.
Diospyros cuneifolia Hiern,’ does not. appear distinguishable from the de-
scription. It is said to come from Mexico. The writer has seen no material of
D. texana californica T. S. Brandeg.,? which was described from Baja Cali-
fornia. It may be a plant closely related to D. texana, but it seems more prob-
able that it is a relative of D. sonorae, unless it should be found to be Maba
intricata. Specimens of the last have been reported from Baja California as
Brayodendron texanum.
*Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 12: 268. 1873.
* Zoe 5: 164. 1902.
1128 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
7. Diospyros ebenaster Retz. Obs. Bot. 5: 31. 1789.
Diospyros obtusifolia Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 4: 1112. 1805.
Diospyros tiltzapotl Sessé & Moe. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 179. 1887.
Cultivated in Mexico from Jalisco to Chiapas, Veracruz, and Yucatan, and
apparently naturalized locally. Native of the Hast Indies, but widely cultivated
in tropical America.
Large shrub or medium-sized tree; leaves oblong or elliptic, sometimes 30
cm. long, persistent, obtuse or acutish, glabrous; flowers polygamous; corolla
yellowish white or greenish; fruit subglobose, shining, olive-green, the pulp
dark and soft; seeds 4 to 10. ‘“‘ Zapote prieto” (Jalisco, Chiapas, Michoacan,
Guerrero, Morelos, Tabasco, Yucatén, Philippines); ‘“ tauch,” “tauch ya”
(Yucatan, Maya); “zapote negro” (Oaxaca); ‘‘biaqui” (Oaxaca, Zapotec,
Reko); ‘“tliltzapotl,’ ‘“ totocuitlatzapotl,” ‘ tlilzapotl” (Nahuatl); “ guaya-
bota” (Porto Rico).
This tree must have been introduced into Mexico at an early date, for it is
mentioned by the older writers. Indeed, some writers have been inclined to
consider it a native of Mexico, and Merrill states that it was carried from this
eountry to the Philippines.
The tree is said to be the source of some of the East Indian ebony. The
fruit is eaten, but is is of poor quality. The green fruit is reported to have
been used in the Philippines and West Indies for stupefying fish. In Mexico
the ripe fruit is made into preserves, which are reported to be of excellent
quality. Brandy also is said to have been made from the pulp. Urbina re-
ports the Otomi names as “bom-rza” and “ phonimurza.”
The tree was described by Hernandez under the name “ tlilzapotl” (“ black
zapote”’’). He states that it was used as a remedy for leprosy, ringworm,
and itch, and also for killing fish.
8. Diospyros sonorae Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 18: 120. 1916.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Tree of large or medium size, the crown dense and spreading; leaves oblong
or narrowly oblong, 6 to 13 em. long, rounded at apex, grayish green, puberulent
or glabrate beneath; fruit about 2.5 em. in diameter; seeds about 8.
“ Guayaparin.”
The tree is cultivated, but is probably also native in the region. The pulp
of the fruit is black and insipid.
9. Diospyros sinaloensis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 77. 1917.
Sinaloa; type from Altata.
Leaves oblong, 5 to 12 em. long, rounded at apex, grayish green, very
sparsely appressed-pilosulous beneath when young but soon glabrous; corolla
densely sericeous, about 1 ecm. long.
10. Diospyros rosei Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 119. 1916.
Sinaloa (?) and Tepic; type from Acaponeta, Tepic.
Tree; leaves obovate-oblong, 6 to 14 cm. long, rounded at apex, cuneate at
base, puberulent or glabrate beneath, coriaceous; fruit about 2.5 cm. in di-
ameter; seeds 8 to 10. ‘‘ Guayaparin” (Sinaloa).
11. Diospyros sphaerantha Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 191. 1916.
Type collected near Colomas, in the Sierra Madre of Sinaloa.
Leaves deciduous, elliptic-oblong, 4.5 to 8 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex.
sparsely strigillose when young but soon glabrous; calyx 3 cm. broad; corolla
S mm. long, densely sericeous.
It is rather doubtful whether this and D. sinaloensis are distinct from D.
reset.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1129
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
DIOSPYROS VELUTINA Hiern, Trans. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 12: 200. 1873. Based
upon material from Brazil, but one Mexican specimen is reported.
186. STYRACACEAE. Storax Family.
REFERENCE: Perkins in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 241. 1907.
1. STYRAX L. Sp. Pl. 444. 1753.
Shrubs or small, trees, with stellate pubescence; leaves alternate, estipulate,
entire or remotely serrate; flowers perfect, white, in short, axillary or
terminal, simple or branched racemes; calyx cupuliform, truncate or 5-denticu-
late; petals 5, short-connate; stamens 10, inserted at base of the corolla;
style simple, the stigma capitate; fruit globose, dry or nearly so, 1-seeded,
usually indehiscent.
Styraxr benzoin Dryand., an Old World species, furnishes the resin known
as benzoin, which is an official drug, and is employed also in perfumes and
incense.
Corolla lobes imbricate; leaves less than twice as long as broad.
Leaves densely stellate-pubescent on the upper surface____1. S. jaliscanus.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface or nearly so.
Leaves densely stellate-tomentulose beneath______-_______ 2. S. pilosus.
Leaves glabrous beneath, sometimes barbate in the axils of the nerves.
3. S. glabrescens.
Corolla lobes valvate; leaves more than twice as long as broad.
Leaves covered beneath with coarse spreading stellate hairs, the pubescence
SVE LUCIA US ee See ae Eo en es ee 4. S. argenteus.
Leaves covered beneath with a minute, very close, stellate tomentum.
HO MErS ele! Cm: flO ee oe eo apes ape tay eens i ee ete 5. S. ramirezii.
Flowers about 1 em. long.
Calyxyabouty 2mm. Longe: Stee wae tae 1 et) ey li 6. S. cyathocalyx.
Calyxeaboutict sm) oneses. haw hk vt ee Le ae 7. S. polyneurus.
1. Styrax jaliscanus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 144. 1891.
Styrax officinalis jaliscanus Perkins in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 241: 82.
1907.
Jalisco; type from Sierra de San Esteban.
Shrub, about a meter high; leaves subsessile, rounded-ovate to oblong-ovate,
4 to 10 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, entire, densely .whitish-tomentose
beneath; racemes 1 to 5-flowered, short; calyx evidently dentate; flowers 1.5
to 2 em. long; fruit 8 to 12 mm. in diameter.
This is closely related to S. officinalis L., and perhaps not sufficiently dis-
tinct from that species of the Mediterranean region. The latter species yields
a gum which was employed by the Egyptians as a perfume, and in recent times
has been employed in medicine as “ storax officinalis.”
2. Styrax pilosus (Perkins) Standl.
Styraz glabrescens pilosus Perkins in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 241: 72. 1907.
Type from Chinantla and Rincén, Oaxaca, altitude 900 meters.
Leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic-oblong or elliptic, 6 to 10 em. long, short-
acuminate, glabrous above or when young with minute scattered stellate hairs,
densely and minutely tomentulose beneath; flowers sweet-scented; calyx 4 mm.
long, subentire, minutely grayish-tomentulose.
1130 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Styrax glabrescens Benth. Pl. Hartw. 66. 1839.
Veracruz, Hidalgo, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Llano Verde, Oaxaca.
Guatemala and Costa Rica.
Tree, 6 to 12 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic-oblong to elliptic
or ovate, 7 to 17 em. long, abruptly short-acuminate, acute to rounded at
base, thin, glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence lax, few-flowered, the flowers
1.5 to 3 cm. long; calyx 5 to 7 mm. long, stellate-pilose with rufous or yel-
lowish hairs; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter. ‘“‘Azahar del monte” (Vera-
cruz) ; “bracino” (Costa Rica).
4. Styrax argenteus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 2: 60. 1836. "
Sinaloa to Chiapas; type from Acapulco. Central America.
Tree, 5 to 6 meters high, the trunk 30 cm. in diameter; leaves petiolate,
oblong or lance-oblong, 7 to 14 cm. long, short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse
at base, usually coriaceous; racemes axillary, few-flowered, the flowers 12
to 20 mm. long;, calyx 4 to 5 mm. long, truncate; fruit 10 to 13 mm.-in di-
ameter. “Ruin” (Sinaloa) ; “ capulin,” “ hoja de jab6én” (Oaxaca) ; “ chila-
cuate” (Michoacéin, Guerrero) ; “ resino,” ‘‘ resina”’ (Nicaragua, Costa Rica) ;
“bracino”’ (Costa Rica) ; “ estoraque” (Costa Rica, El Salvador) ; “ estorac”
(El Salvador) ; ‘sahumerio (Panama).
In Costa Rica and probably elsewhere the gum is burned as incense in the
churches. It is said that the bark is employed in El Salvador for stupefying
fish.
5. Styrax ramirezii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 84: 20. 1899.
Styraz micranthus Perkins, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 31: 480. 1902.
Styraz orizabensis Perkins, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 2: 25. 1906.
Michoacin, Morelos, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Cuernavaca, Mo-
relos.
Tree, 9 to 18 meters high; leaves petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, 10 to
18 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, coriaceous,
entire, glabrous above; calyx 4 to 6 mm. long, truncate; fruit 1 to 1.5 em. long.
“Chilacuate”’ (Morelos).
6. Styrax cyathocalyx Perkins, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 2: 24. 1906.
Type from Rincén, Oaxaca, altitude 900 to 1,200 meters.
Leaves petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, 10 to 14 cm. long, long-acuminate,
ebtuse at base, coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above; calyx truncate.
7%. Styrax polyneurus Perkins, Bot. Gaz. 35: 5. 1904.
Chiapas. Costa Rica, the type from Copey.
Tree; leaves petiolate, lanceolate or obovate-oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long, short-
acuminate, cuneate at base, thin, entire, glabrate above; calyx truncate; fruit
7 mm. long.
A collection from San Luis Potosi (Purpus 5317), referred to S. polyneurus
by. Brandegee, probably represents an undescribed species, but the material
is in fruit and furnishes no characters by which it may be segregated.
137. SYMPLOCACEAE. Sweetleaf Family.
REFERENCE: Brand in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 242. 1901.
The family consists of a single genus.
1. SYMPLOCOS Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 5. 1760.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, sessile or petiolate, estipulate, entire or
serrate, usually persistent; flowers small, perfect, mostly axillary, solitary,
spicate, racemose, or fasciculate; sepals 5, connate, persistent; petals 3 to 11,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. EFS?
more or less connate; stamens 4 to many, inserted on the corolla; style simple,
the stigma entire or lobulate; fruit baccate, globose or cylindric, 1 to 5-celled.
In South America the leaves of some species are used for making a tea,
which is highly esteemed by the Indians as a tonic for the stomach. S. tinctoria
(L. f.) L’Hér. is a native of the southern United States, where it is known
as “sweetleaf.” Its leaves have a sweet pleasant flavor, and are employed
for dyeing yellow. The root has been used locally as a stomachic, and for
syphilitic and scrofulous affections and kidney diseases.
Flowers solitary, or the inflorescences 2 or 3-flowered____.-~- 1. S. coccinea.
Flowers in several-fiowered inflorescences.
Branchlets brownish-tomentulose.
eaves entire or nearly SO=2= = == eS ees ee 2. S. pycenantha.
WHOA EC Gee SOT UL tO 2 tga he a 3. S. prionophylla.
Branchlets glabrous or nearly so, the pubescence, if any, not brownish.
Inftorescence sessile.
Leaves glabrous.
Cally SCRICCOUS =" ee fe ee eee 4. S. speciosa.
ayes CLAD TOUS Sk eee ees ee EE ee ies ee 5. S. apolis.
Leaves pilose beneath, at least along the nerves______ 6. S. jurgensenii.
Inflorescence pedunculate.
MEAVES SA DEOUSS 2 ee eae NE Se ee ee 7. S. limoncillo.
Leaves pilose beneath along the nerves______________--___- 8. S. citrea.
1. Symplocos coccinea Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 185. pl. 52. 1898.
Alstonia ciliata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 48. 1840.
Symplocos ciliata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 78. 1841.
Hypopogon brevipes Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 311: 246. 1858.
Symplocos benthamii Giirke in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 41: 172. 1890
Symplocos coccinea hirta Brand in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 242: 80. 1901.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Tree, the trunk 40 to 60 cm. in diameter, the branchlets hirsute or hirtellous ;
bark smooth, grayish; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic to oblong, acuminate,
crenulate, glabrous or pilosulous beneath; flowers about 1.5 cm. long, red, 10-
parted; calyx and corolla sericeous; fruit oblong or ellipsoid, about 2.5 cm,
long, black, hirsute.
2. Symplocos pycnantha Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 302. 1881.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Pueblo Nuevo, Chiapas.
Shrub or small tree; leaves obovate-oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, 6 to 12
em. long-acuminate, cuneate at base, subcoriaceous, sparsely pilosulous beneath
or glabrate; flowers pink, in sessile fascicles; corolla 5 or 6-parted 3 times as
long as the calyx.
3. Symplocos prionophylla Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 302. 1881.
Symplocos pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 168. 1891.
Michoacin, Morelos, Mexico, and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca.
Tree, 6 to 9 meters high; leaves petiolate, elliptic or oblong-obovate, 6 t«
12 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, rounded or cuneate at base, appressed
pilose beneath; flowers in sessile clusters; corolla 5 or 6-parted; fruit oblong,
1.5 em. long or larger.
Brand lists S. pringlei as a distinct species, but states that it may be only
a variety of S. prionophylla. The characters by which he separates the two in
his key do not hold for the specimens examined.
1t32 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Symplocos speciosa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 302. 1881.
Type from the mountains of Oaxaca, altitude 1,800 to 2,100 meters. Guate-
mala.
Tree; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, 5 to 12 cm. long, acuminate,
cuneate at base, entire, glabrous above, pilosulous beneath along the costa;
corolla pink, glabrous or nearly so.
5. Symplocos apolis Brand, Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 15-16: 343. 1913.
Type probably from Mexico, but perhaps from Peru.
Leaves broadly obovate, 8 to 11 cm. long, rounded or short-apiculate at apex,
entire, glabrous; calyx lobes ciliate; corolla 6-lobate.
6. Symplocos jurgensenii Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 301. 1881.
Oaxaca; type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco.
Leaves lance-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 6 to 9 cm. long, obtusely short-acumi-
nate, acute at base, crenulate; corolla 5-parted, glabrous; ovary 5-celled.
7. Symplocos limoncillo Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 196. 1808.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. El Salvador.
Tree, nearly glabrous throughout; leaves petiolate, oblong to elliptic, S to
14 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, entire or serrate, lustrous; flowers pink
or white, about 1 cm. long; fruit about 18 mm. long, glabrous. ‘ Garrapata,”’
“ garrapatilla,” “limoncillo’” (Veracruz); ‘ chillador” (El Salvador).
Specimens of this species were referred by Hemsley to S. martinicensis Jacq.,
a West Indian species.
8. Symplocos citrea Lex.; Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 22. 1824.
Oaxaca and perhaps elsewhere; type from Chaqueo.
Leaves oval, 9 to 11 cm. long, serrulate; flowers sweet-scented; calyx
sericeous; corolla 6-lobate.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
SYMPLOCOS SCHIEDEANA Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 527. 1833. Type collected be-
tween Tioselo and Jicochimaleo. Brand states that the type is without flowers
and fruit, and probably does not belong to this genus.
138. OLEACEAE. Olive Family.
Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs, unarmed; leaves all or mostly opposite, sim-
ple or pinnate, estipulate; flowers perfect or unisexual, regular, variously
arranged; calyx free, small, 4 to 15-dentate or lobate, rarely none; corolla
gamopetalous or of distinct petals, the segments 4 to 6, sometimes absent;
stamens 2 or 4: ovary superior, 2-celled, the style simple, the stigma usually
eapitate; fruit a capsule, samara, or drupe, containing 1 to 4 seeds.
The typical plant of the family is the olive (‘ olivo,” “ oliva,” ‘‘ aceituno”’),
Olea europaea L., which was introduced into Mexico soon after the Conquest,
but is only sparingly cultivated. The lilac (“lila”), Syringa vulgaris L., is
*frequently found in Mexican gardens. Several species of jasmine (Jasminum),
an Old World genus, are widely cultivated in Mexico, where they are known
as “jazmin” (often with varietal names) and “Gran Duque.”
Fruit a samara; leaves usually pinnate, sometimes simple____.1. FRAXINUS.
Fruit baececate, drupaceous, or capsular; leaves simple or lobate, never pinnate.
Fruit a didymous capsule; herbs or small shrubs___--__- 2. MENODORA.
Fruit baccate or drupaceous; trees or large shrubs.
Corolla lobes induplicate-valvate. Flowers in terminal panicles.
38. LIGUSTRUM.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1138
Corolla lobes or petals imbr‘eate or none.
Flowers in terminal panicles. Corolla of 4 distinct petals.
4. HESPERELAEA.
Flowers axillary or lateral.
Corolla none or of 1 or 2 petals; calyx none or minute.
5. FORESTIERA.
Corolla gamopetalous; calyx well developed_______ 6. OSMANTHUS.
1. FRAXINUS L. Sp. Pl. 1057. 1753.
REFERENCES: Wenzig, Die Gattung Frazinus, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 4: 165-188.
1883; Lingelsheim, Vorarbeiten zu eincr Monographie der Gattung Fravinus,
Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 185-223. 1907; Rehder, The genus Fraxrinus in New
Mexico and Arizona, Proc. Amer. Acad. 58: 199-212. 1917; Lingelsheim in
Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 248': 9-61. 1920.
Shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, usually odd-pinnate, rarely simple; flowers
green or white, dioecious or polygamous, fasciculate or paniculate; calyx 4-
lobate or dentate, or none; petals 2 to 4, or commonly absent; stamens usu-
ally 2; fruit a samara, winged at the apex, usually 1-seeded.
The various species of ash are common in temperate regions of the Northern
Hemisphere. Some of them furnish strong wood which is useful for building
purposes, interior finish, furniture, and tool handles. They make excellent
shade trees and are often planted on that account. The bark contains a glu-
coside, fraxin, and, like the leaves, has been used in Mexico, the United
States, and Europe as a tonic and febrifuge. A decoction of the leaves has
been employed in Mexico particularly for yellow fever and malaria. ‘The
leaves are said also to have purgative properties, and they have been used for
gout and rheumatism. Frarinus ornus L., a species of the Mediterranean
region, produces from cuts in the bark an exudate, which is an official drug.
manna, of the United States Pharmscopoeia. It is used in medicine as a
gentle laxative.
There is a popular belief in some parts of the southern United States that
ash leaves are so offensive to rattlesnakes that the latter are never found
on land where the trees grow. Hunters are said sometimes to stuff their
boots with ash leaves as a preventive of rattlesnake bites.
The ordinary Spanish name for the ash tree, and the one generally em-
ployed in Mexico, is “fresno,” a derivative of the Latin “fraxinus.” The
following names are reported for species of doubtful identity: ‘ Yaga-guillaa,”
“yaga-nisse” (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); “paramu” (Michoacin, Tarascan,
Ramirez) ; ‘ demettza” (Otomi, Buelna).
Petioles and leaf rachis narrowly winged; leaves sometimes simple or tri-
foliolate.
Leaves all pinnate, with 5 or more leaflets.
Beatlets cOaATSeLy; SCMTa Ue a xe ee eee 1. F. purpusii,
Leaflets entire or nearly so.
Leaflets small, 1 to 3 em. long, 2.5 to 8 mm. wide.
Leaflets narrowly oblanceolate____________________ eng) he rege re
WeRHetSs OVAL = in ae ie ee ee eee ee a eee 3. F. rufescens.
Leaflets large, mostly 3.5 to 6 em. long and 8 to 20 em. wide.
Leaflets glabrous aboye--_--__--____________-______ 4. F. schiedeana.
Leaflets pilose on both surfaces___-______________ ___5. F. attenuata.
79688—24—_19
1134 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves simple, or some of them sometimes trifoliolate.
Fruit 2.5 to 3 em. long; leaves simple or trifoliolate, if simple long-
CEL OL ECC Eiht Feat ee ee ie 6. F. dipetala.
Fruit 1.5 em. long; leaves mostly simple, short-petiolate.
Leaves broadly rounded at base-_-_=_----___=_-+_--3__+ 7. FE. potosina.
PGdveSPaAcinke AU DASC= 22 oi. 2 ee ee 8. F. nummularis.
Petioles and rachis not winged; leaves pinnate, all or most of them with 5
or more leaflets.
Flowers with petals. Leaves usually sharply serrate________ 9. F. cuspidata.
Flowers without petals.
Wing of the samara equaling or shorter than the body.
Leaflets glabrous or nearly so; wing of the samara usually acutish or
at least narrowed to the apex______________ 10. F. berlandieriana.
Leaflets finely pubescent beneath; wing of the samara very obtuse or
GMAPAIN AC pts ok ee Ee et he ee ee 11. F. velutina.
Wing of the samara longer than the body.
Leaflets conspicuously barbate beneath along the costa, even in age.
12. F. uhdei.
Leaflets glabrous beneath or finely pubescent, very inconspicuously if at
all barbate.
Leaflets; claucous; beneath=_ 5... 22-4} 2a4- obese 13. F. papillosa.
Leaflets green beneath or merely glaucescent.
Venation of the leaflets prominently reticulate beneath.
14, F. standleyi.
Venation not prominently reticulate, only the lateral nerves con-
SPleuoUsise 22) epee ee ee gt le 15. F. pringlei.
1. Fraxinus purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 90. 1910.
Puebla; type from San Simé6n.
Small tree, glabrous throughout; leaflets 5 or 7, ovate-oblong to lanceolate,
2 to 5 em. long, acute, obtuse at base, sessile, coarsely serrate, thick, lustrous ;
flowers apetalous, in very short panicles; samaras 2 cm. long, the wing emar-
ginate, longer than the thick body.
2. Fraxinus greggii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 63. 1877.
Frazinus schiedeana parvifolia Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 166. 1859.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas and Zacatecas. Western Texas.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a trunk 20 cm. in diameter,
the bark thin, gray, scaly; leaflets usually 5 or 7, sessile, obtuse, glabrous, the
margins often revolute; flowers apetalous, in very short clusters; samaras 1.5
to 2 em. long, the wing much longer than the thick terete body; wood hard,
close-grained, brown, its specific gravity about 0.79. ‘“‘ Escobilla,” “ barreta
china” (Coahuila). :
The wood is used only for fuel. Palmer reports that in Coahuila the leafy
branches are used for making coarse brooms.
8. Fraxinus rufescens Lingelsheim, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 218. 1907.
Type from “Sierra de Corton” (Veracruz?).
Shrub or small tree, the branchlets and inflorescence ferruginous-tomentose ;
leaflets 7 or 9, sessile, 1 to 1.5 em. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, subcoriaceous, gla-
brous, paler beneath; panicles 2 cm. long, the flowers apetalous; samaras 2
to 2.5 em. long, the wing emarginate. °
a a —"
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1135
4. Fraxinus schiedeana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 391. 1831.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Large shrub or small tree; leaflets 5 to 9, oblong, lance-oblong, or elliptic,
sessile, narrowed to the obtuse apex, attenuate at base, glabrous, subcoriaceous,
lustrous, the margins subrevolute; samaras about 1.5 em. long, the wing longer
than the body, emarginate.
5. Fraxinus attenuata Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 59. 1908.
Frazinus jonesii Lingelsh. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 2431: 35. 1920.
Type from Valley of Palms, Baja California; reported from Chihuahua.
A tree; rachis very narrowly winged; leaflets usually 5, oval, sessile or nearly
so, 0.5 to 2 em. long (very immature), 0.5 to 1 em wide, entire or obscurely
crenulate, whitish-pilose on both surfaces, especially beneath.
6. Fraxinus dipetala Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 362. pl. 87. 1841.
Frazvinus dipetala trifoliolata Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 167. 1859.
Baja California. California.
Shrub or small tree; leaves simple, or the leaflets 3 to 9, cue nents
oblong to oval or rounded, obtuse or acute, entire or nearly so, thin, glabrous;
flowers white, with 2 large petals, the panicles about as long as the leaves;
samaras 2 to 8 cm. long.
In the typical form there are 5 to 9 leaflets. The Mexican material is
F. dipetala trifoliolata, characterized by having simple or trifoliolate leaves.
It was reported from Baja California by Goldman’ as F. attenuata Jones.
7%. Fraxinus potosina T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 275. 1912.
Type from Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi.
Plants glabrous; leaves simple, suborbicular, 1 to 2.5 em. long, entire or
serrate, coriaceous; Samaras 4 to 5 mm. long, the wing rounded at apex, much
shorter than the compressed body.
8. Fraxinus nummularis Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 59. 1908.
Coahuila; type from Sierra Mojada.
Shrub with stiff branchlets; leaves mostly simple but sometimes trifoliolate,
the simple leaves oblanceolate to oval, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, obtuse, glabrous,
subcoriaceous; flowers apetalous; wing of the samara much longer than the
body.
It seems probable that this is a form of F. greggii, bearing the same relation
to the latter that F. dipetala trifoliolata does to F. dipetala. In the type
collection of F. nummularis all the leaves are simple and oval. A specimen
from Sierra de Parras (Purpus 5064) shows leaves of the same kind, but some
of the leaves are trifoliolate, and some of the simple ones are exactly like the
leaflets of F. greggii.
9. Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 166. 1859.
Frazinus cuspidata serrata Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. 58: 202. 1917.
Chihuahua and Coahuila. Western Texas to Arizona; type from Texas.
Slender shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high, with a trunk 20 em. in
diameter ; leaflets 3 to 9, long-petiolulate, linear-lanceolate to ovate, 2 to 7 cm.
long, long-attenuate, thin, glabrous; flowers white, sweet-scented, in loose pani-
cles; petals 4, about 1.5 cm. long; samaras about 2 em. long, the wing equaling
or shorter than the flat body. ‘“‘ Fresno.”
+Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 360. 1916.
1136 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
10. Fraxinus berlandieriana A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 278. 1844.
Coahuila to Veracruz and Durango. Western Texas, the type from Austin.
Tree, 10 to 12 meters high, the trunk about 30 cm. in diameter; bark thick,
gray, fissured; leaflets 3 to 7, lanceolate or oblong, petiolulate, 4 to 18 em.
long, acute or attenuate, thick, remotely serrulate or subentire; flowers
dioecious; Samaras 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, the body terete. ‘“ Plumero” (Vera-
cruz); “fresno” (Nuevo Leén, Durango).
This species is often planted as a shade tree in northeastern Mexico. The
samaras are sometimes 3-winged.
11. Fraxinus velutina Torr. in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 149. 1848.
Frazinus pistaciaefolia Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 128. 1856.
Frazinus toumeyi Britton, N. Amer. Trees 803. f. 732. 1908.
Frazinus velutina towmeyi Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. 53: 204. 1917.
Sonora and Chihuahua; perhaps also in Baja California. Western Texas
to southern California; type from New Mexico.
Small tree, usually 12 meters high or less, the trunk 20 cm. in diameter;
bark gray and rough; leaflets 5 to 9, oblong, lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, 4 to
7 cm. long, acute or acuminate, serrate or subentire; samaras 2 to 3 em. long,
the body terete, the wing obtuse or emarginate. ‘“ Fresno.”
12. Fraxinus uhdei (Wenzig) Lingelsheim, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 221. 1907.
Frazinus americana uhdei Wenzig, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 4: 182. 1883.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz (?), and Oaxaca.
Tree, 15 to 18 meters high, with dark furrowed bark; leaflets 5 to 9, usually
long-petiolulate, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate 7 to 15 cm. long, long-attenuate,
obtuse or acute at base, Serrulate, barbate beneath along the costa but else-
where glabrous; flowers in large panicles, these sometimes 20 cm. long; samaras
2.5 to 4 em. long. “Fresno” (Jalisco, Sinaloa).
Often planted as a shade tree in the Valley of Mexico, at Guadalajara, and
elsewhere. x
It is not certain that the specimens described and referred here are identical
with those to which Wenzig applied the name whdei. They agree well with
his diagnosis except for his statement that the leaflets are sessile.
13. Fraxinus papillosa Lingelsheim, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 219. 1907.
Mountains of Chihuahua; type from Colonia Garcia. Southern New Mexico.
Tree; leaflets 5 to 9, sessile, elliptic to ovate-oblong, 3 to 6 em. long, acute,
serrulate or subentire, glabrous; samaras 2.5 to 3 cm. long, the wing obtuse or
emarginate.
14. Fraxinus standleyi Rehder, Proc. Amer. Acad. 53: 208. 1917.
Mountains of northern Sonora. Southern New Mexico and Arizona; type
from Organ Mountains, New Mexico.
Tree, usually small but sometimes 15 meters high; leaflets 5 to 9, sessile or
petiolulate, elliptic to lanceolate, 4 to 11 cm. long, acute or attenuate, serrulate,
glabrous or pubescent beneath; samaras 2 to 3 em. long.
It is doubtful whether this is distinct from F. papillosa and F. pringlei, and
the three will probably have to be united ultimately.
15. Fraxinus pringlei Lingelsheim, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 221. 1907.
Hidalgo; type from Dublan.
Large tree; leaflets 3 to 7, elliptic to lanceolate, 3 to 11 em. long, acuminate,
serrate, glabrous or nearly so; panicles 5 to 20 cm. long; samaras 2 to 3.5 em.
leng, the body terete, the wing obtuse or emarginate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1137
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
FRAXINUS OVALIFOLIA (Wenzig) Lingelsh. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: 221. 1907.
Frazinus americana var. uhdei B ovalifolia, Wenzig, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 4: 182.
1883. Described from Mexico, the locality not indicated. The fruit is not
known and the position of the plant is uncertain. The vernacular name is
given as “ fresnillo.”
2. MENODORA Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 98. 1809.
Plants low, herbaceous or usually woody, at least at base; leaves opposite,
or the upper alternate, sessile or nearly so, entire or lobed; flowers perfect,
yellow, solitary or corymbose; calyx with 5 to 15 linear lobes; corolla subro-
tate to salverform, the limb 5 or 6-lobate; stamens 2; capsule didymous, 2-
celled, each cell usually 2-seeded.
Corolla tube elongate, longer than the limb, the lobes acuminate.
1. M. longifiora.
Corolla tube shorter than the limb.
eaves; Mostly ppinnha tifi den betes 8 eel Ye boty ote 2. M. heterophylia.
Leaves entire. ;
GalvxwlobeseDeOl Ge ee 2S su agree a 8 23M scoparins
Calyx lobes 7 to 15.
Stems erect, 20 to 50 cm. high; flowers usually corymbose.
Calyx lobes about 12 mm. long, pilosulous_____---__ 4, M. mexicana.
Calyx lobes less than 10 mm. long, glabrate or scaberulous.
Leaves bractlike, 4 to 5 mm. long; stems striate-angulate.
5. M. intricata.
Leaves well developed, larger; stems net conspicuously striate.
6. M. scabra.
Stems diffusely branched, low, spreading; flowers mostly solitary.
Stems hirtellous; leaves mostly oblong-elliptic.
7. M. helianthemoides.
Stems glabrate or scaberulous; leaves linear or nearly so.
8. M. coulteri.
1. Menodora longifiora. A. Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 45. 1852.
Menodoropsis longiflora Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 917. 1903.
Coahuila. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type from Texas.
Plants erect, usually woody at base, glabrous or scaberulous; leaves linear
or lanceolate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, subsessile, entire; flowers few, usually
corymbose; corolla yellow, the tube 2 to 5 cm. long.
2. Menodora heterophylla Moric.; DC. Prodr. 8: 316. 1844.
Bolivaria grisebachii Scheele, Linnaea 25: 254. 1852.
Nuevo Leén and Tamaulipas. Western Texas; type collected between Laredo
and San Antonio.
Plants chiefly herbaceous, diffuse and spreading, scaberulous or nearly
glabrous; leaves pinnatifid into 3 to 7 linear lobes, or some of them entire;
flowers mostly solitary, yellow or purplish; corolla 1 to 1.5 cm. long; capsule
about 1 em. broad.
8. Menodora scoparia Engelm.; A. Gray in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1:
471. 1876.
Baja California, Coahuila, and Durango; type from Saltillo, Coahuila.
Arizona and southern California. : .
1138 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Plants erect, woody at base, glabrous or scaberulous, the branches striate;
leaves linear, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, acute; flowers corymbose, yellow, the corolla
1 to 1.5 cm. long.
4. Menodora mexicana (A. DC.) A. Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 45, 1852.
Bolivaria mexicana A. DC.; DC. Prodr. 8: 315. 1844.
Type collected near Oaxaca.
Stems glabrous; lower leaves oblong-obovate, the upper ones linear-lanceolate,
18 mm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide; corolla slightly longer than the calyx lobes;
capsule 6 mm. long.
5. Menodora intricata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 380. 1913.
San Luis Potosi; type from Minas de San Rafael.
Stems herbaceous, glabrous; leaves linear, bractlike; calyx lobes about 10,
5 mm. long; corolla yellow, 1 em. long.
6. Menodora scabra A. Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 44. 1852.
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi and Durango; Baja California. Western
Texas to Arizona; type from New Mexico.
Plants herbaceous or woody at base, scaberulous or glabrate; leaves linear
or oblong, 1 to 2 em. long; corolla yellow, 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
7%. Menodora helianthemoides Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 98. pl. 110. 1809.
Menodora helianthemoides parvifiora Greenm. Proce. Amer. Acad. 34: 369.
1899.
Nuevo Leon and Zacatecas to San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo; type from
Actopain, Hidalgo.
Plants herbaceous or often fruticose, with spreading branches; leaves 5 to 15
mm. long, acute to rounded at apex, usually short-petiolate, pubescent; flowers
few, the corolla yellow, 1 cm. long, or sometimes as much as 2 cm, “ Jazmin-
cillo del monte ’”’ (Nuevo Leon).
8. Menodora coulteri A. Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 14: 44. 1852.
Coahuila to San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo; type from Zimapfn, Hidalgo.
Plants usually woody, at least at base, the branches crooked and interlaced ;
leaves mostly 1 to 2 em. long, sessile, acute, scaberulous; flowers few, the
corolla 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
Perhaps only a variant of M. helianthemoides.
3. LIGUSTRUM L. Sp. Pl. 7. 1753.
The species are all natives of the Old World. L. vulgare L. is the common
privet, which is grown extensively for hedges in the United States and is
said to be cultivated in Mexico. It differs from the following species in hav-
ing smaller deciduous leaves. ¢
1. Ligustrum lucidum Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 1: 19. 1810.
Widely cultivated in Mexico, and in some localities, apparently, escaped
from cultivation. Native of China and Japan.
Large shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout; leaves opposite, petiolate,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 7 to 12 em. long, acute or acuminate, entire, persist-
ent; flowers perfect, whitish, sessile in large terminal panicles; corolla fun-
nelform, about 3 mm. long, with very short tube and 4 spreading lobes; fruit
bluish black, 7 to 10 mm. long. usually 2-seeded. ‘“Trueno” (San Luis
Potosi, Mexico, Oaxaca, etc.).
A handsome tree, often planted for shade in Mexican parks and gardens.
This species has often been confused with L. japonicum Thunb.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1139
4, HESPERELAEA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 83. 1876.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Hesperelaea palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 83. 1876.
Known only from Guadalupe Island, Baja California.
Small glabrous tree, leaves mostly opposite, oblong, 5 cm. long or more,
entire, coriaceous; flowers perfect, yellow, in a terminal panicle, the pedicels
short, articulate; sepals 4, deciduous; petals 4, spatulate, about 12 mm. long,
clawed; stamens 4; fruit drupaceous.
5. FORESTIERA Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 664. 1811.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite, entire or serrulate, persistent or
deciduous, often punctate; flowers small, greenish, polygamous or dioecious,
fascicled or racemose, lateral; calyx none or minute and 4-lobate; corolla
none or of 1 or 2 small deciduous petals; stamens 2 to 4; fruit a small drupe.
Leaves with conspicuous pores beneath.
Leaves oblong-ovate to rounded-ovate, 10 to 23 mm. wide___1. F, reticulata.
Leaves linear to oblanceolate-oblong, 1.5 to 7 mm. wide.
NECA CS SUA EOUS a aoe eet en pete fa ee aa eae ces 2. F. angustifolia.
Leaves pubescent on one or both surfaces.
Leaves linear, glabrous beneath, puberulent above______ 3. F. puberula.
Leaves oblong-oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic-oblong, densely pubescent
beneath e] se PROPS NOUR OS Ate 4. F. durangensis.
Leaves without pores beneath.
Leaves serrulate or crenulate.
Leaves suborbicular, 7 to 12 mm. long, rounded at apex__5. F. rotundifolia,
Leaves ovate or rounded-ovate, 30 to 50 mm. long, acute or acuminate.
6. F, racemosa.
Leaves entire.
Leaves puberulent on the upper surface______________ 7. F. tomentosa.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface.
heaves; 475 "tO, Gscms on Ge =. tee fe se See 8. F. chiapensis.
Leaves 1 to 3 cm. long.
Leaves 2 to 3 cm. long; fruit 12 to 15 mm. long____9. F. macrocarpa.
Leaves mostly 1 to 2 em. long; fruit 6 to 8 mm. long.
10. F. phillyreoides.
1, Forestiera reticulata Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 167. 1859.
No Mexican specimens have been seen, but the species has been collected
along the Rio Grande in Texas, and doubtless occurs on the Mexican side of
the river. Western Texas, the type collected near the mouth of the Pecos.
Glabrous shrub or small tree; leaves short-petiolate, 2 to 3 em. long, acute
or obtuse, often serrulate, coriaceous, lustrous, paler beneath; fruit globose-
obovoid, 7 mm. long.
2. Forestiera angustifolia Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 168. 1859.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and Tamaulipas. Western Texas; type collected
near the Rio Grande.
Densely branched, glabrous shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high, the branchlets stiff ;
leaves subsessile, oblanceolate-oblong or linear-oblanceolate, 1 to 2.5 em. long,
2 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse, bright green, the margins somewhat revolute; fruit
ovoid, black, about 6 mm. long. “ Panalero” (Tamaulipas).
The fruit is edible but not very palatable.
1140 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Forestiera puberula Eastw. Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 605. 1909.
Coahuila and Zacatecas; type from Cedros, Zacatecas.
Shrub, the branchlets short and stiff; leaves 5 to 12 mm. long, the margins
strongly revolute; fruit black, about 7 mm. long, conspicuously curved.
4, Forestiera durangensis Standl., sp. nov.
Durango; type collected near the city of Durango (Palmer 837; U. S. Nat.
Herb. no. 304930).
Shrub, 2 to 2.5 meters high, the branchlets short and stiff, densely puberulent
at first; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 12 to
30 mm. long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, obtuse, attenuate at base, entire, coriaceous,
sparsely puberulent or glabrate above, densely pubescent beneath; staminate
flowers in small dense clusters; stamens 4; fruit oblong, 7 to 8 mm. long.
“Palo blanco.”
Palmer 323 from Tepehuanes belongs here. It is probably this plant which
was listed by Patoni as F. phillyreoides, for which the vernacular names are
given as “lentisco,” ‘‘ lantisco,” ‘ lantrisco,” and ‘‘ acebuche.”
5. Forestiera rotundifolia (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Adelia rotundifolia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 386. 1909.
Type from Cerro de Matzize, Puebla.
Glabrous shrub, 2 meters high; leaves. short-petiolate, coriaceous, lustrous,
crenulate.
6. Forestiera racemosa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 158. 1890.
Nuevo Leén; type from the Sierra Madre near Monterrey.
Slender shrub or small tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate,
rounded at base, coriaceous, glabrous and lustrous above, pilosulous or glabrate
beneath; fruit subglobose, 6 mm. long, bluish black.
7. Forestiera tomentosa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 157. 1890.
Jalisco to Puebla; type collected near Guadalajara.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high, with stiff branches; leaves oblong to elliptic
or ovate, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, obtuse or acute at
base, short-petiolate, coriaceous; fruit ellipsoid, bluish black, 6 to 10 mm. long.
“Pico de péjaro” (Michocin); “mimbre” (Jalisco).
S. Forestiera chiapensis Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Canjob, Chiapas (Goldman 794; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 470599).
Branchlets puberulent when young but soon glabrous; leaves short-petiolate,
broadly elliptic, 4.5 to 6 em. long, 2.8 to 3 em. wide, obtusely short-acuminate,
acute or obtuse at base, thin, entire, glabrous; staminate flowers in lax racemes
about 1 cm. long; stamens 2 to 4.
9. Forestiera macrocarpa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 4: 404. 1894.
Type from Sierra San Lazaro, Cape Region of Baja California.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high, glabrous; leaves elliptic or oblong-
ovate, obtuse or acutish, cuneate at base, thin; fruit oblong, dark blue.
10. Forestiera phillyreoides (Benth.) Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 167.
1859.
Piptolepis phillyreoides Benth. Pl. Hartw. 29. 1840.
Jalisco to Guanajuato and Puebla; type from Guanajuato.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to oval or obovate,
obtuse or rounded at apex, acute at base, pubescent or glabrate beneath, the
margins usually revolute; fruit ellipsoid, black.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1141
6. OSMANTHUS Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 28. 1790.
All the other species are natives of Asia and the Pacific islands.
1. Osmanthus americana (L.) Benth. & Hook.; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 78. 1878.
Olea americana L. Mant. Pl. 24. 1767.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Southern United States.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. in diameter,
the bark thin, scaly, dark gray or reddish gray; leaves opposite, petiolate,
persistent, elliptic to oblanceolate, 7 to 14 cm. long, acuminate, attenuate or
acute at base, leathery, lustrous, entire, glabrous; flowers. whitish, fragrant,
in short axillary racemes or panicles; calyx with 4 deltoid lobes; corolla 3
to 4 mm. long, the limb 4-lobate; stamens 2; fruit a drupe, oval or obovoid,
1.2 to 1.8 em. long, yellow-green to deep purpie, the flesh dry and thin; wood
hard, close-grained, dark brown, its specific gravity about 0.81.
Known in the United States as “ devilwood.” The writer has seen two
Mexican specimens, one from Cumbre del Obispo (Schiede), and one from Monte
Pelado, Oaxaca (Galeotti 529). Although not in the best condition for com-
parison, they seem to agree perfectly with specimens from the United States.
139. LOGANIACEAE, Logania Family.
Shrubs, trees, or herbs, sometimes scandent; leaves opposite, entire or
toothed, estipulate but the petioles usually united by a stipular line; flowers
perfect, large or small, variously arranged, regular; calyx inferior, campanu-
late or tubular, 4 or 5-lobate; corolla gamopetalous, funnelform, salverform, or
tubular, the limb 4 or 5-lobate; stamens as many as the corolla lobes and
alternate with them, inserted in the throat or tube of the corolla; style simple,
the stigma capitate or lobate; fruit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous.
Several genera of the family are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous
species.
Stigma bifid.
Plants scandent; capsule compressed, many-Sseeded; seeds winged.
1. GELSEMIUM.,
Plants erect; capsule terete, 2-seeded; seeds each with a tuft of bristles at
apex.
Silomarentime. Oh NCAR COr ee ee se ee _.2. PLOCOSPERMA.
Leaves quintuplinerved ; fruit baceate________--____-______ 3. STRYCHNOS.
Leaves pinnate-nerved; fruit capsular.
Corolla tubular, about 3.5 cm. long; stamens exserted______ 4, EMORYA.
Corolla short-salverform, less than 1 cm. long; stamens not exserted.
5. BUDDLEIA.
1. GELSEMIUM Juss. Gen. Pl. 150. 1789.
One other species is known, a native of eastern Asia.
1. Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) Ait. Hort. Kew 2: 64. 1811.
Bignonia sempervirens L. Sp. Pl. 623. 1753.
Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Guatemala; southern United States.
Slender scandent glabrous shrub; leaves persistent, short-petiolate, lanceo-
late, 3.5 to 7.5 em. long, attenuate, rounded or obtuse at base, entire; flowers
in axillary 1 to 6-flowered cymes, short-pedicellate; calyx 5-lobate; corolla
funnelform, 5-lobate, bright yellow, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long; stamens 5; capsule
compressed, elliptic, 2-celled, septicidally dehiscent, 8 to 15 mm. long; seeds
winged.
79688—24——_20
1142 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. —
A handsome vine, known in the United States as “ yellow jasmine.” The
root is reported to contain an alkaloid, gelsemine. A tincture of the root is
sometimes administered in domestic practice for rheumatism and gonor-
rhea. It is said to act as an arterial sedative, and in larger doses to produce
insensibility to pain, but its use is dangerous or even fatal. Large doses are
said to cause vertigo and perverted vision.
2. PLOCOSPERMA Benth. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 789. 1876.
1. Plocosperma microphyllum Baill.; Solenreder in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan-
zenfam. 42: 50. 1895.
Oaxaca, and perhaps elsewhere.
Rigid shrub; leaves fasciculate or opposite, subsessile, oval or oblong, 8 to
13 mm. long, rounded or shallowly emarginate at apex, rounded at base, entire,
coriaceous, glabrous; flowers solitary or fasciculate in the axils, 5-parted;
fruit a terete capsule, 4 to 6 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. in diameter; seeds 2, about 2
cm. long, each with a dense tuft of silky bristles at the apex.
3. STRYCHNOS L. Sp. Pl. 189. 1753.
The genus consists of about 200 species of trees, shrubs, or vines, dis-
tributed in the tropics of both hemispheres. Some of the species have edible
fruit. The seeds of S. nuz-vomica L., of India, furnish the drugs strychnine
and nux-vomica.
1. Strychnos tepicensis Standl., sp. noy.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Acaponeta, Tepic (Rose 1441; U. S. Nat. Herb.
300272).
Branches glabrous or when young sparsely hirtellous; leaves opposite, the
petioles 3 to 5 mm. long, hirtellous or glabrous, the blades ovate-elliptic, 5.5.
to 10 em. long, 2.5 to 5 em. wide, acuminate or long-acuminate, obtuse at
base, coriaceous, glabrous, entire, quintuplinerved, the venation prominent be-
neath; seeds strongly compressed, rounded-triangular or rounded, about 2 cm.
in diameter and 6 mm. thick.
The material is very imperfect, consisting of leafy branches and a few seeds,
but it seems desirable to assign a specific name to it for the purpose of con-
venience.
No species of the genus has been reported definitely from Mexico, but there
are casual reports of S. triplinervia Mart., a Brazilian plant, from San Juan
Bautista, Tabasco, where it is said to be known as “cabalonga de Tabasco,”
“ mata-perros,” and “ veneno del diablo.” The Tabascan plant is probably not
8. triplinervia, but it may be one of the few species that have been described
from Central America.
4. EMORYA Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 121. 1859.
A single species is known.
1. Emorya suaveolens Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 121. pl. 36. 1859.
Nuevo Leon. Type collected in canyons of the Rio Grande below Presidio
del Norte.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, ovate or rhombic,
1.5 to 5 em. long, obtuse, obtuse or truncate at base, coarsely sinuate-dentate,
glabrate above, minutely whitish-tomentulose beneath; flowers in narrow termi-
nal thyrsiform panicles, sweet-scented; calyx tubular, 4-lobate; corolla tubular,
8.5 em. long, greenish yellow; stamens 4, exserted; fruit a 2-celled capsule.
The genus was named for Major William H. Emory, United States Com-
missioner to the Mexican Boundary Survey.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1143
5. BUDDLETA L. Sp. Pl. 112. 1753.
Shrubs or small trees, usually with stellate tomentum; leaves entire or
toothed; flowers small, in heads or dense cymes, these solitary and axillary or
spicate or paniculate; calyx campanulate, 4-dentate; corolla short-salverform,
the 4 lobes imbricate, spreading in anthesis; stamens 4; capsule septicidally
bivalvate. }
Some of the Old World species have showy flowers and are cultivated for
‘ornament. The leaves of B. madagascariensis Lam. were formerly employed
in Madagascar as a soap substitute, and the plant is used as a remedy for
asthma, coughs, and bronchitis. Some of the members of the genus are said
to be used for poisoning fish. The usual Mexican name for all the species
is “ tepozdn.”
Under the name ‘“topogan,”’ Sahagtin mentions one species which was
employed as a diuretic and to “regulate the digestion and moderate the
heat of the body.” In another place he says: ‘There is a medicinal tree
called tepogan. Its leaves are long, velvety, rounded, and pointed. In color
they are somewhat whitish green, and they exhale a rather unpleasant odor.
The tree is good for heat of the head in either children or adults. The roots
are large and long and have a Slightly disagreeable odor. Cut up, pulverized,
and mixed with the root of tepexilozochitlacotl, they are good to stop nose-
bleed.”
Hemsley listed 26 species of Buddleia from Mexico, and others have been
described since. Many of them, however, have been based upon trivial char-
acters and must be reduced to synonymy.
Flowers in dense heads, these spicate or racemose or sometimes solitary.
Heads distinctly pedunculate.
Heads mostly terminal and solitary.
Leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex__1. B. marrubiifolia.
leaves 4.5 to 6 em. long, acuminate_______._ 2. B. saltillensis.
Heads axillary, racemose.
Leaves petiolate, the petioles not dilated at base______ 3. B. wrightii.
Leaves sessile, or with dilated clasping petioles.
Leaves coarsely serrate, contracted into a short petiole, this broadly
marginate and dilated at base_________-________ 4. B. chapalana.
heaves crenulate: sessiless ost 20a) Al eel re ARES 5. B. perfoliata.
Heads all or mostly sessile.
Leaves sessile, never contracted into a winged petiole, small, mostly 1 to
oS eMsone. - narrowly oblong:2 238i 8 ae 6. B. scordioides.
Leaves petiolate, or at least contracted into a winged petiole, mostly 4
to 12 em. long or larger, commonly lanceolate or ovate.
Heads 3 to 7-flowered; leaves obtuse, 7 cm. long or less.
{ 7. B. tuxtlica.
Heads many-flowered; leaves acute or acuminate, usually longer.
8. B. sessilifiora.
Flowers in cymes, or capitate but the heads paniculate.
Leaves rounded or cordate at base, not decurrent.
Leaves covered beneath with a minute close whitish tomentum.
9. B. tomentella.
Leaves covered beneath with a loose floceose brownish tomentum.
eaves: rounded, at. apex Se ree wt apes __10. B. elliptica.
1144 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves acute or acuminate.
Leaves usually quickly glabrate on the upper surface; flower clusters
partly..shori-peduneulates——<« <2. 4 te eel 11. B. cordata.
Leaves persistently tomentose on the upper surface; flower clusters
PUN SOGSIG st. 24 epee ee eee Ne 12. B. crotonoides.
Leaves acute to attenuate at base or decurrent.
Flower clusters in panicled spikes or racemes.
Flower clusters all closely sessile_________-____-______ 13. B. floccosa’
Flower clusters, at least the lower ones, pedunculate_14. B. americana.
Flower clusters loosely paniculate, neither spicate nor racemose.
lowers: 4.cmmaplong tte Feeeger A ah wate aal eee wy 15. B. nitida.
lowers: (2. to. 3 <mms Jone. te ee 16. B. parviflora.
1. Buddleia marrubiifolia Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 441. 1846.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and Zacatecas; type from Monterrey,
Nuevo Leén. Western Texas.
Shrub, about 1 meter high or less; leaves short-petiolate, oval, rounded, or
rhombic, acute or decurrent at base, coarsely crenate, densely stellate-tomen-
tose; flower heads globose, 10 to 12 mm. in diameter, very dense, the flowers
yellow or orange. ‘“ Azafran” (‘“ saffron”; Zacatecas, Coahuila); ‘ azafrain
del campo” (Chihuahua, Coahuila); “ azafrancillo,” ‘‘azafranillo” (Coa-
huila).
A decoction of the flowers is employed in Coahuila to give a yellow or orange
color to vermicelli and butter. The decoction is used also in the form of a
bath for rheumatism, and the plant is used popularly as an aperitive and di-
uretic.
2. Buddleia saltillensis Krinzlein, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 50: Beibl. 111: 41.
1913.
Type from Saltillo, Coahuila (the locality is given erroneously by Kriinz-
lein as ‘“ Texas’’).
Leaves lanceolate, petiolate, short-pilose above, ferruginous-tomentose be-
neath; flower heads few or several-flowered, 2 cm. long, subecylindric; calyx 2.5
mm. long.
Known to the writer only from the original description.
8. Buddleia wrightii Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 16: 341. 1891.
Sonora to Tepic; type from Mazatlan River, Sinaloa.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 6 to 22 cm.
long, acuminate or attenuate, attenuate or abruptly decurrent at base, serrate
or entire, tomentulose or glabrate; flower heads 1 to 1.5 em. in diameter. ‘ Te-
posana ”’ (Sinaloa).
Perhaps only a form of B. sessilifiora.
4. Buddleia chapalana Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 169. 1891.
Jalisco; type from Lake Chapala. :
Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves oblong to rhombic-ovate, 2.5 to 6.5 cm.
long, acute, stellate-pilose, the petioles united at base around the stem; flower
heads slender-pedunculate, about 1 cm. in diameter, very dense, globose.
5. Buddleia perfoliata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 346. 1817.
Buddleia sphaerantha Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 104. 1830.
San Luis Potosi, ‘Veracruz, Querétaro, Hidalgo, and Puebla; type collected
between Chalco and Mexico.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, densely brownish-tomentose throughout; leaves
lanceolate to oblong, 3 to 8 cm. long, acute or attenuate, narrowed and connate
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1145
at base; flower heads 8 to 10 mm. in diameter, very dense, globose. ‘ Salvia
real” (San Luis Potosi, Veracruz); ‘salvia de bolita’ (Mexico); ‘salvia
india” (Querétaro).
The plant is very aromatic and slightly bitter. A hot tea made from the
leaves is administered for neuralgic pains and as a stimulating medicine. The
plant is employed also to reduce perspiration, especially in tuberculosis.
6. Buddleia scordioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 345. pl. 183. 1817.
Buddleia scordioides capitata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 116. 1883.
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, and Mexico; type collected near
the City of Mexico. Western Texas and southern Arizona.
Aromatic shrub, a meter high or less; leaves coarsely crenate, rugose,
tomentose, or glabrate above; flower heads 5 to 8 mm. in diameter, densely
lanate. ‘“ Salvia” (Durango); ‘“escobilla” (Durango, Coahuila, San Luis
Potosi, Valley of Mexico); ‘‘hierba de las escobas” (San Luis Potosi) ;
“golondrilla ” (Durango, Coahuila).
Tea made from the plant is much used as a remedy for indigestion. Stock
are said to be fond of the shrub.
7. Buddleia tuxtlica Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 53: 73. 1911.
Type from Hacienda Petapa, Distrito de Tuxtla, Chiapas.
Leaves lanceolate to oblong or subrhombic, 2 to 7 em. long, serrate or entire,
decurrent to base of petiole, densely stellate-tomentose beneath; calyx 2 mm.
long.
Known to the writer only from the original description.
8. Buddleia sessiliflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 345. pl. 183. 1817.
Buddleia verticillata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 346. pl. 184. 1817.
Buddleia pseudoverticillata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122: 24. 1845.
Buddleia mellicdora Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 10. 1845.
Buddleia barbata Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 12. 1847.
Buddleia pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 86. 1883.
Buddleia simplex Kriinzlein, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 26: 396. 1912.
Sonora to Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, and Oaxaca; type collected
near the City of Mexico. Southern Arizona.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 5 meters high; leaves narrowly lanceolate to
broadly rhombic-ovate, 5 to 18 cm. long; attenuate or decurrent at base, entire
or serrate, usually densely tomentose, at least beneath, but sometimes gla-
brous; flower heads 1 to 2 em. in diameter, usually dense and many-flowered,
sometimes in naked terminal spikes, the flowers greenish yellow, very fragrant.
“Tepozin’” (Querétaro, Aguascalientes, Morelos, Guanajuato, Tamaulipas) ;
“hierba del tepozin” (Sinaloa) ; “‘ tepoja” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “‘ tepoza ”
(Jalisco) ; “ tepozin verde” (Guanajuato) ; ‘lengua de vaca” (Morelos, Oax-
aca); ‘“‘tepuza,” ‘“ tepozancillo,” “salvia” (Urbina); ‘‘ mispatle,” ‘“ quimix-
patli” (Valley of Mexico).
A tea made from the leaves, bark, and roots is taken internally for various
purposes, and the leaves, boiled with salt, are applied to wounds and sores.
9. Buddleia tomentella Standl., sp. nov.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and Zacatecas; type from Saltillo, Coahuila (Palmer
188; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 336182).
Shrub, the branchlets minutely tomentulose; leaves long-petiolate, ovate-
lanceolate to oblong-ovate or deltoid-ovate, 5 to 11 em. long, acute or acuminate,
entire or crenate-serrate, tomentulose above at first but soon glabrate, covered
beneath with a very dense, minute, closely appressed, pale tomentum, coria-
ceous; flower heads small, few-flowered, in large terminal naked panicles,
1146 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
these 10 to 25 em. long; calyx 2 to 2.5 mm. long, tomentulose, the lobes deltoid,
obtuse or acute; corolla barbate within, the tube about as long as the calyx,
the 4 lobes rounded, tomentulose outside; capsule 5 mm. long. ‘“ Tepozin”
(Coahuila, Zacatecas).
The following additional collections belong here: Palmer 869, 718, 709, 138% ;
Arséne 6380; Pringle 1887.
10. Buddleia elliptica Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12?: 24. 1845.
Type from Pico de Quinceo, near Morelia, Michoacin, altitude 2,100 meters.
Leaves short-petiolate, elliptic-rounded, 7.5 cm. long, 5 em. wide, tomentose
beneath, entire; flower heads crowded, densely paniculate.
Known to the writer only from the original description.
11. Buddleia cordata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 348. pl. 185. 1817.
Buddleia acuminata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 349. pl. 187. 1817. Not B.
acuminata Poir. 1810.
Buddleia humboldtiana Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 3: Mant. 93. 1827.
Buddleia ovalifolia Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844.
Buddleia macrophylla Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844.
Buddleia cordata teposan Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 53: 73. 1911.
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Chiapas, and Oaxaca; type from
Guanajuato.
Shrub or small tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, narrowly
lanceolate to ovate, 8 to 30 cm. long, acute or attenuate, usually subcordate
at base but rarely only obtuse or even short-decurrent, entire or serrulate,
when young often loosely tomentose above but usually soon glabrous, loosely
tomentose beneath, the tomentum pers‘stent, sometimes with a minute tomentum
beneath the longer hairs; flower heads in very large, naked, terminal panicles.
“Tepozin” (Mexico, Durango, Tlaxcala); “tepozin blanco” (Guanajuato,
Dugeés).
Decoction of the bark and root used as a diuretic, for uterine affections,
and for rheumatism.
12. Buddleia crotonoides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 165, 1861.
Southern Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Shrub, densely brown-tomentose throughout; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-
ovate or deltoid-ovate, 7 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at
base, thick, crenate; flower heads small, in panicled spikes.
13. Buddleia floccosa Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844.
? Buddleia propinqua Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844.
Buddleia floccosa crassifolia Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 53: 72.
1911.
Michoacin to Morelos.and Oaxaca. Central America.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly or broadly
lanceolate, 4 to 15 em. long, acute or attenuate, sessile or short-petiolate, some-
times abruptly long-decurrent at base, entire or serrate, brown-tomentose be-
neath, tomentulose or glabrate above; flower clusters 1 cm. in diameter or less,
very dense. “ Tepozin,” “tzompantle” (Oaxaca, Seler).
14. Buddleia americana L. Sp. Pl. 112. 1758.
? Buddleia intermedia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 350. 1817.
Buddleia callicarpioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 350. 1817.
Buddleia floribunda H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 352. 1817.
Buddleia rufescens Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 3: Mant. 97. 1827.
Buddleia decurrens Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 105. 1830.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1147
Michoacan to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. West Indes; Central and
South America.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves petiolate, narrowly lanceolate
to broadly ovate, 7 to 18 cm. long, acute to attenuate, decurrent at base, ser-
rate or entire, usually glabrate above, tomentose or glabrate beneath; flower
heads in panicled, leafy or naked spikes; flowers yellow. ‘“ Tepozin” (Vera-
cruz, Mexico, Oaxaca, Nicaragua) ; “ topozin” (Oaxaca, ete.) ; “ zompantle”
(Veracruz); “topoza” (Herrera); “zayolizin, “layolizin,” “ cayolizin,”
“eayolozan,” “ zayolizcin,” “ cayolinin” (Nueva Farm. Mex.) “hierba de la
mosea” (Oaxaca, Reko); “salvia real” (Sessé & Mocifio); “salvia” (El
Salvador) ; “salvia sija,” “salvia santa” (Guatemala) ; “tabaquillo” (Pan-
ama); “tabaco de monte,” “salvia blanca” (Colombia).
The plant has# camphor-like odor. A decoction of the leaves, bark, and
roots has been employed as a diuretic, especially in dropsy, as a healing lotion
for wounds, and for rheumatic pains and uterine affections. In Colombia the
leaves are applied to the forehead to relieve headache.
15. Buddleia nitida Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 437. 1846.
Type from Chiapas. Guatemala.
- Leaves petiolate, lance-oblong, 5 to 12 em. long, acuminate, usually acute
at base, entire, coriaceous, glabrate above, closely brownish-tomentose be-
neath; panticles short and dense.
16. Buddleia parviflora H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 353. 1817.
Buddleia microphylla H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 353. 1817.
Buddleia abbreviata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 353. 1817.
Buddleia lanceolata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 48. 1840.
Buddleia gracilis Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844.
Buddleia venusta Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844.
Buddleia ligustrina Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 9: 359. 1911.
Buddleia monticola Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 9: 360. 1911.
Sinaloa (?) and Jalisco to Durango, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca;
type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves petiolate or subsessile, nar-
rowly lanceolate to ovate, 2 to 10 cm. long, acute or attenuate, serrate or en-
tire, usually glabrate above but densely tomentulose beneath; flower heads few-
flowered, often loose, in small or large panicles. “'Tepozin” (Sinaloa) ; “ tepo-
zin cimarr6n,” ‘ tepozin de cerro” (Mexico).
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
BupDDLEIA TEUCRIOIDES Kriinzlein, Ann, Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 26: 397.
1912. Locality not known, but probably Mexican.
140. APOCYNACEAE. Dogbane Family.
Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs, often scandent, with milky juice; leaves entire,
estipulate, opposite, verticillate, or alternate; flowers usually in cymes, ter-
minal or lateral, large or small, perfect, regular; calyx inferior, the segments
united at base, often glandular within at base, usually 5-parted; corolla gamo-
petalous, usually salverform or funnelform, the limb commonly 5-lobate; sta-
mens 5, inserted on the tube or throat of the corolla, the filaments short, the
anthers narrow, free but often connivent, frequently appendaged at base; style
1, simple or cleft at base; fruit of 2 carpels, these dry or fleshy, dehiscent or
indehiscent.
1148 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Two genera, Amsonia and Apocynum, are represented in Mexico only by
herbaceous species. It is possible that Allamanda cathartica L. may extend
into Mexico or at least be in cultivation. It is a woody vine with large showy
yellow flowers.
Anther cells not appendaged at base; plants never scandent.
Leaves all alternate.
Carpels of the fruit many-seeded, dehiscent. Corolla salverform.
‘ 1. PLUMERIA.
Carpels 1 or 2-seeded, indehiscent.
Corolla salverform; carpels about 1 cm. long__________ 2. VALLESIA.
Corolla funnelform; carpels much larger_-—_--_---_-_~_ 38. THEVETIA.
Leaves opposite or verticillate.
Carpels of the fruit 1 or 2-seeded, almost wholly conrate. Leaves ver-
ticiate 2s see ee Viet ee ON Aerob 4. RAUWOLFIA.
Carpels with more numerous seeds, free, at least above.
Leaves mostly verticillate. Carpels long and slender, dehiscent.
5. TONDUZIA. .
Leaves opposite.
Calyx glandular within; carpels fleshy, usually indehiscent.
(orollassalverforinsiseO Sieh ee te 6. TABERNAEMONTANA.
Corolla tnnnelform= =) 222s) 4 = eee 7. STEMMADENTIA.
Calyx eglandular; carpels dry, dehiscent.
Carpels slender, terete; seeds not winged; herbs or low shrubs.
8. CATHARANTHUS.
Carpels broad, compressed; seeds broadly winged; large trees.
9. ASPIDOSPERMA.
Anther cells appendaged at base and sometimes at apex; plants usually
scandent.
Corolla with 5 seales in the throat; leaves verticillate. Plants erect.
10. NERIUM.
Corolla without scales; leaves oppos'te.
Tips of the anthers exserted from the corolla.
Corolla subrotate, the tube very short.
Cymes sumbel-likes: 2 ee VA se 11. THENARDIA.
VINIES (SPUKeCMIKG@= 20 ae es we EE ee a 12. FORSTERONIA.
Corolla salverform, the tube elongate_______-__--____ 13. PRESTONIA.
Tips of the anthers not exserted.
Corolla funnelform, the throat evidently dilated.
Piantsiierect 2s. 2. es a 2a ee a eee 14. MACROSIPHONTIA.
Plants scandent.
Calyx eglandulars20izslf: etdedines sae 15. RHABDADENTA.
Calyx glandular within.
Anthers with a subulate twisted appendage at apex.
16. URECHITES.
Anthers not appendaged at apex, obtuse to acuminate.
17. MANDEVILLA.
Corolla salverform.
Calyx eglandular. Plants erect___-- Oye RA Na 2 18. HAPLOPHYTON.
Calyx glandular within.
STON ORS, TA COMIOS CS o-oo ee es ee 19. ECHITES.
Flowers cymose.
Corolla: fube.twisted=2— 3) = a 20. STREPTOTRACHELUS.
Corolla tube not twisted________ saw St. SHECONDATLA:
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1149
1. PLUMERIA L. Sp. Pl. 209. 1753.
Shrubs or trees with thick branches and copious milky sap; leaves alter-
nate, petiolate; flowers large, in terminal cymes; calyx 5-cleft, eglandular;
corolla salverform, with slender tube; anthers obtuse, not appendaged, fruit
of 2 large divergent many-seeded follicles; seeds flat, winged.
The generic name is often written incorrectly as Plumiera and Plumieria.
Leaves pubescent beneath. Flowers white or yellow.
Leaves oblong-linear, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. wide, the margins revolute___1. P. alba.
Leaves elliptic to elongate-oblong, mostly 4 to 7.5 em. wide, the margins not
revolute.
Leaves elongate-oblong, about 5 times as long as broad__2. P. megaphylla.
Leaves mostly elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 3 times as long as broad or
LES Smee SEA arene ee ae nO ee a ee ee ee 3. 22) anolilis:
Leaves glabrous or nearly so.
Corolla red-or purples = 232 Peak fy ION Arh Beg NN 8 ty By Aro 4. P. rubra.
CAGTECONIUE NAAN al a een apne gal let uli ieee gs ali eo he 5. P. acutifolia.
1, Plumeria alba L. Sp. Pl. 210. 1753. :
Yucatéin, probably introduced and perhaps only in cultivation. Native of
West Indies but often cultivated elsewhere.
Tree, 3 to 8 meters high; bark gray or whitish, slightly roughened; leaves
short-petiolate, 16 to 30 cm. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous and lustrous above,
minutely tomentulose beneath; corolla white, about 6 cm. long; follicles 18
to 20 em. long. ‘“ Sabanicté” (Yucatéin, Maya) ; “ flor de pan” (Nicaragua) ;
‘“‘amapola de Venus” (Central America); “ amanecayo,” ‘“azuceno” (Colom-
bia) ; ‘‘lirio blanco,” “lirio silvestre,” ‘‘ aleli blanco,’ ‘‘ atabaiba” (Cuba) ;
‘“tabaiba,” ‘“‘tapaiba”’ (Porto Rico) ; ‘‘amapola” (Venezuela).
The wood is said to be yellowish white or pale yellowish gray, compact,
fine-grained, and strong. The juice is said to be poisonous and caustic; it is
sometimes employed in the West Indies as a remedy for cutaneous and ve:
nereal diseases.
2. Plumeria megaphylla A. DC.in DC. Prodr. 8: 391. 1844.
Type from Puebla.
Leaves about 30 cm. long, 5 to 7.5 cm. wide, acuminate, glabrous above,
puberulent or pubescent beneath along the nerves; corolla 5 cm. long or more,
yellow.
8. Plumeria mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 230. 1819.
Tepic and Jalisco to Aguascalientes and Chiapas. Type from the Orinoco
River.
Leaves 12 to 23 em. long, short-petiolate, acute or short-acuminate, acute
at base, glabrous above, pubescent beneath or finally glabrate; corolla white,
5 to 7 em. long; follicles 15 to 25 cm. long.
4, Plumeria rubra L. Sp. Pl. 209. 1753.
?Plumeria canthostoma Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 523. 1833.
Yucatéin, Puebla, and Chiapas, and doubtless elsewhere, at least in cultiva-
tion. West Indies; Central and South America.
Shrub or tree, 8 meters high or less, the branchlets pubescent; leaves elliptic-
oblong to elliptic-obovate, 15 to 40 em. long, acute or obtuse and short-pointed,
obtuse or acute at base; corolla 3.5 to 5.5 em. long; follicles 15 to 25 cm. long,
about 2.5 em. thick. ‘“ Sabanicté,”’ “ chacnicté,” “ nicté” (Yucatin, Maya) ;
“flor de mayo” (Yucatan, Puebla, El Salvador) ; “ flor de la cruz” (Guatemala,
1150 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
El Salvador); “flor. del toro” (Nicaragua); ‘ caracacha colorada,” “ cara-
cucho,” “ palo de cruz” (Panama) ; “ Alejandria ” (Morelos, Central America) ;
“flor de sefiora’’ (El Salvador); ‘aleli’” (Porto Rico); “lirio colorado”
(Cuba) ; “ flor de ensarta”’ (EI Salvador).
The flowers are handsome and sweet-scented. They are often strung with
those of other colors to hang as festoons in churches.
A related species, P. tricolor Ruiz & Pav., in which the corolla is pink and
yellow within, red and white outside, is said to be cultivated in Mexico,
and to be known as “flor de mayo” and ‘‘ensalada.” The corollas are said
to be used for making sweetmeats and as a remedy for coughs.
5. Plumeria acutifolia Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 2: 667. 1811.
Plumeria mexicana Lodd. Bot. Cab. pl. 1024. 1825.
Plumeria lambertiana Lindl. Bot. Reg. pl. 1378. 1830.
' Plumeria gouani D. Don; G. Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 94. 1838.
Baja California and Sonora to Chihuahua, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Widely
dispersed in tropical America, and also naturalized in the Old World tropics.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 9 meters high, the branchlets usually pubescent ;~leaves
oblong to elliptic, 15 to 30 cm. long or more, acute to long-acuminate, with
numerous parallel lateral nerves; corolla’6 to 7 em. long, the tube about equal-
ing or much shorter than the lobes; follicles 10 to 25 cm. long, sometimes as
much as 4 em. wide. “ Cacaloxochitl” (Baja California, Veracruz, Mexico,
ete., Nahuatl); “cacalosfichil” (Oaxaca, ete.); “stichil” (Oaxaca); “ jaca-
losfichil blanco” (Jalisco) ; “ flor del cuervo,” “ campotonera,” ‘‘ campechana,”
“Alejandria’” (various localities); “tizaxochitl”; ‘ quie-chachi” (Oaxaca,
Zapotec, Reko) ; “ suchleahue” (Oaxaca, Reko); “ ahaipuih” (Mixe, Belmar) ;
“ cacalojoche,” ‘ juche” (Costa Rica) ; ‘‘sacuanjoche” (Nicaragua) ; “flor de
la cruz,” “flor de ensarta,’ “flor de mayo” (El Salvador); “ caleachuchi”
(Philippines). A
The beautiful sweet-scented flowers were a favorite among the ancient
Mexicans, and especially popular with the nobility. They are still greatly
admired by the Mexican people, who often plant the tree in their gardens and
use the flowers for decorations, especially in churches. The Indians often
wear them in their hair. The name ‘“frangipanni” is applied to this and
related species, likewise ‘temple flower” and “graveyard-flower.” The juice
is sometimes employed in treating wounds and venereal diseases, and it is
said to produce a good quality of rubber.
2. VALLESIA Ruiz & Pav. FI. Peruy. Chil. 2: 26. 1799.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves short-petiolate, persistent, alternate; flowers in
pedunculate cymes opposite the leaves; calyx eglandular, with 5 short lobes;
corolla salverform, the tube enlarged below the lobes; anthers cordate, not ap-
pendaged; fruit a 1 or 2-seeded drupe; seeds naked.
The following species are the only ones known. The genus was named in
honor of Francisco Valles, physician to Phillip II of Spain.
Leaves mostly obtuse, densely pubescent____________________ 1. V. laciniata.
Leaves acute or acuminate, glabrous.
Corolla sto stOmlS mm lon seek ee ee a eee 2. V. mexicana.
Corollacabouts d mim slong 2 45. se eee 3. V. glabra.
1. Vallesia laciniata T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 182. 1889.
Baja California; type material collected at San Sebastian and Comonda.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, the branchlets densely pubescent; leaves oblong
or lanceolate, 2.5 to 7 em. long;.cymes dense, many-flowered; corolla 10 to 12
mm. long; fruit white.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1151
2. Vallesia mexicana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 393. 1860.
Veracruz; type from Orizaba. Guatemala.
Shrub; branchlets glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate
or elliptic-lanceolate, 8 to 11 cm. long, obtuse or acute at base; cymes dense,
many-flowered, the flowers short-petiolate.
Neriandra aurantiaca Mart. & Gal. is probably the same plant.
3. Vallesia glabra (Cavy.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. 1: 207. 1821.
Rauwolfia glabra Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 50. 1794.
Vallesia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 2: 26. 1799.
Vallesia cymbifolia Orteg. Hort. Matr. Dec. 58. 1800.
Rauwolfia oppositificra Sessé & Moc. Pl. Noy. Hisp. 32. 1887.
Baja California and Sonora to Querétaro, Hidalgo, and Oaxaca. Florida,
West Indies, and South America. 4
Shrub or tree, 1 to 6 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves narrowly
lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, rather fleshy, obtuse or acute at
base; cymes few-flowered; corolla white; fruit oblong, about 1 cm. long, white.
“Cacarahue,” “otatave” (Sinaloa); “frutilla” (Querétaro); ‘“ huelatave”
(Baja California) ; “ palo boniato”’ (Cuba).
The fruit is sometimes eaten by children, and its juice is employed as a
remedy for inflammation of the eyes.
3. THEVETIA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 171. 1768.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves alternate, 1-nerved or pinnate-nerved; flowers
large, yellow, in terminal cymes; calyx 5-parted, glandular within at base,
the segments spreading; corolla funnelform, the tube cylindric, abruptly ex-
panded into the campanulate throat; anthers small, lanceolate; fruit dru-
paceous, broader than long, obcompressed, the endocarp nutlike, 2-celled; seeds
large, with acute edges.
Leaves linear or nearly so.
Leaves glabrous beneath, the lateral nerves obsolete______ 1. T. peruviana.
Leaves usually pubescent or tomentose beneath, the lateral nerves conspicu-
COATES ae or Mi ern a ee EIR Ses Bae 2. T. thevetioides.
Leaves oblanceolate-oblong to obovate.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Narrow portion of the corolla tube scarcely exceeding the calyx.
3. T. gaumeri.
Narrow portion of the corolla tube several times as long as the calyx.
4, T. plumeriaefolia.
Leaves pubescent beneath.
MeaAVeSiatd CUMIN ates tir ese Ee Leen oe ee 5. T. nitida.
. Leaves obtuse or rounded at apex, or rarely acutish__________ 6. T. ovata.
1. Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) Merrill, Philip. Journ. Sci. 9: 130. 1914.
Cerbera thevetia L. Sp. Pl. 209. 1753.
Cerbera peruviana Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 267. 1805.
Thevetia neriifolia Juss.; Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 680. 1841.
Thevetia thevetia Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 83. 1900.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz to Yucatéin, Chiapas, and Guerrero. Florida,
West Indies, and Central and South America.
Shrub or tree, 10 meters high or less; bark gray; leaves 7 to 15 cm. long,
0.5 to 1 em. wide, acute, long-attenuate at base, lustrous; corolla about 7 cm.
1Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 356. 1844.
1152 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
long, the tube much shorter than the limb; fruit triangular, 3 to 4 cm. broad,
about 2 em. long, and 1 to 1.5 em. thick, subtruncate. ‘‘ Chirca” (Chiapas,
Costa Rica, Guatemala) ; ‘‘ campanilla ”” (Yucatan, Morelos, Guerrero, Panama,
Philippines); ‘“acitz” (Yucatin, Maya); “naranjo amarillo” (San Luis
Potosi, Ramirez); ‘“ yoyote,” “yoyotli’” (Veracruz, Guerrero, Ramirez) ;
“narciso amarillo” (Jalisco, Oliva); ‘chilea” (Nicaragua, Guatemala) ;
“eaball6n” (Porto Rico); ‘“ cabalonga,” “cobalonga’” (Cuba, Porto Rico,
Colombia); “amaneay,’ ‘“aje de monte,’ “pepa de cruz,” “ castafeto”
(Colombia) ; “chilindrén,’ “ campanilla amarilla” (El Salvador); “lengua
de gato,” “retama” (Venezuela) ; ‘“ camache,” “ caruache” (Guiana).
The tree is showy when in flower and is often cultivated in the tropics. In
Florida it is known as “ trumpet-flower” and “ yellow oleander,” and in the
British West Indies as “lucky-nut,” and ‘“ luck-seed.” The flowers are very
sweet-scented. The wood is said to be soft and fibrous and to have a specific
gravity of about 0.80. The milky juice and the seeds are poisonous. In Yuca-
tin cotton soaked in the juice is placed in cavities in teeth to relieve tooth-
ache. The seeds have been reported to yield a glucoside, thevetine. A tinc-
ture of the bark is considered a powerful febrifuge and in large doses is a
violent purgative and emetic.
2. Thevetia thevetioides (H. B. K.) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
42: 159. 1895.
Cerbera thevetioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 223. 1819.
Thevetia yccotli A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 348. 1844.
Thevetia yccotli glabra A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 343. 1844.
Michoacin to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type collected near Taxco
and Tehuilotepec (Guerrero).
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 9 meters high; leaves 7 to 14 cm. long, 5 to 10
mm. wide, acute or attenuate, long-attenuate at base, the margins usually
revolute; corolla 8 to 9 em. long, the tube shorter than the limb; fruit about
4 em. wide, 3 cm. long, and 3 em. thick. ‘‘Codo de fraile” (Hidalgo) ; “‘ yucu-
caca’’ (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko) ; ‘‘fraile” (Guanajuato) ; ‘“ cabrito” (Jalisco) ;
“narciso amarillo” (Morelos) ; “ calaveritas” (Oaxaca) ; “ tzinacanytlacuatl ”
(Herrera) ; ‘ yoyote” or “ yoyotl’ (from the Nahuatl yoyotli) ; “ huesos de
fraile”’ (fruit) ; ‘ joyote,” ‘“ joyota.”
The seeds contain about 40 per cent of oil and also a glucoside, thevetin,
and they are considered very poisonous. Taken internally they act as a
violent vomitive, hinder respiration, and cause paralysis of the heart.
They have been given in Mexico as a substitute for digitalis, but their use is
dangerous. They are a popular remedy for hemorrhoids, and some of the
Indians consider them a remedy for rattlesnake bites. They are said to have
been worn about the ankles as rattles in certain dances. The leaves or the
juice were employed by the Aztecs for deafness, cutaleous diseases, ulcers,
and toothache.
8. Thevetia gaumeri Hemsl. in Hook, Icon. Pl. 16: pl. 1517. 1886.
Thevetia spathulata Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 383. 1898.
Yuecatin; type from Cozumel Island.
Tree, 6 to 18 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves oblanceolate, 5 to
12 em. long, obtuse, long-attenuate at base, lustrous above, paler beneath; co-
rolla 3.5 to 5 cm. long, the tube much shorter than the throat; fruit com-
pressed, 3 cm. broad, 2 cm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1158
4, Thevetia plumeriaefolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 124. pl. 43. 1844.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America; type from Gulf of Fonseca, Hon-
duras.
Glabrous tree; leaves oblanceolate-oblong to oblong-obovate, 13 to 23 em.
long. 4.5 to 7 cm. wide, acute or abruptly short-acuminate, acute at base, lus-
trous; corolla 4 to 5 em. long, the tube longer than the throat. “Chilindr6én ”
(Guatemala) ; “cojén de gato” (Guatemala, Honduras) ; “ chirca venenosa ”
(Costa Rica) ; ‘ tomatillo” (Colombia) ; “chilindr6én blanco” (EI Salvador).
5. Thevetia nitida (H. B. K.) A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 344. 1844.
Cerbera nitida H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 225. 1819.
Reported from Tabasco and Yucatén. Panama; type from Colombia.
Leaves obleng-oblanceolate, 20 to 25 em. long, 4 to 5 em. wide, lustrous above,
pilosulous beneath; corolla tube about 2.5 em. long. ‘Ojo de venado” (Con-
eatti).
6. Thevetia ovata (Cay.) A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 344. 1844.
Cerbera ovata Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 35. pl. 270. 1794.
Cerbera cuneifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 224. 1819.
Thevetiu cuneifolia A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 344. 1844.
Thevetia cuneifolia andrieurii A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 344. 1844.
Sinaloa and Jalisco to Chiapas. Reported from Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 5 meters high; leaves narrowly cuneate-oblong to
broadly obovate, 5.5 to 11 cm. long, 1.5 to 4.5 em. wide, cuneate or attenuate at
base, glabrate and lustrous above, densely pubescent beneath ; corolla 6 to 8 cm.
long, the tube shorter than the throat; fruit scarcely compressed, 3.5 to 4 cm.
broad, 2 to 3 cm. long. “ Regalgar” (Sinaloa); “huevo de gato” (Jalisco) ;
“meriendita”; “naranjo amarillo (Ramirez); “narciso amarillo” (Michoa-
cin) ; “ cascabel” (Guatemala) ; “ chirca venenosa” (Costa Rica).
As in other species, the seeds are reputed to be very poisonous. The Indians
earry them in their pockets as a preventive of hemorrhoids.
4, RAUWOLFIA L. Sp. Pl. 208. 1753.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves usually verticillate, short-petiolate; flowers
small, in pedunculate, mostly axillary cymes; calyx eglandular, 5-cleft; corolla
salyerform; stamens included, the anthers obtuse, not appendaged; fruit of 2
drupes, these connate, the fruit thus somewhat didymous.
Leaves densely and finely pubescent beneath________________ 1. R. canescens.
Leaves glabrous beneath or pubescent along the costa.
Wenves linear-lanceolatestik! 220 ieee 2 See 2. R. longifolia.
Leaves elliptic-oblong to elliptic or obovate____________ 3. R. heterophylla.
1. Rauwolfia canescens L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 303. 1762.
Veracruz; Sinaloa to Guerrero. Guatemala, West Indies, and northern South
America.
Shrub, 4.5 meters high or less, the branchlets pubescent; leaves in whorls of
3 to 5, elliptic-oblong to elliptic-obovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acute or obtuse at
each end, puberulent or glabrate on the upper surface; cymes few or rarely
many-flowered; corolla about 4 mm. long; fruit black, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter.
“ Venenito ” (Colombia).
The fruit contains a black juice which has been eniployed for dyeing. If
eaten it causes violent inflammation of the alimentary canal or even death. A
decoction of the bark is used externally in the West Indies as a remedy for
1154 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
chronic cutaneous diseases and to destroy parasites. It is also administered
internally for syphilitic affections.
The calyx lobes are usually very obtuse, but in a specimen from Acapulco
they are acuminate. The same variation is found in West Indian specimens.
2. Rauwolfia longifolia A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 338. 1844.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from San Miguel Sola, Oaxaca.
Leaves ternate, 7.5 to 12.5 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, acuminate at each
end, glabrous; cymes many-flowered; calyx glabrous, the lobes ovate, acute;
flowers 12 mm. long, the corolla lobes acute.
8. Rauwolfia heterophylla Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 105. 1819.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Yucatin, Tabasco, and Oaxaca. Cuba;
Central and South America.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves in whorls of 3 to 5, 3 to 10 cm. long,
acute or acuminate, usually acute at base, glabrous or pubescent only beneath
along the costa; cymes few-flowered; calyx lobes obtuse, usually ciliate; co-
rolla greenish white, about 2.56 mm. long; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, red
at first, purple-black at maturity. ‘‘Cabamuc’ (Yucatén) ; “‘sarna de perro”
(Colima) ; “cocotombo” (Guerrero, Sessé &€ Mociiio); “ guataco colorado,”
“ viborilla,’ “comida de culebra” (Nicaragua); ‘“ cohatacé” (Costa Rica) ;
“ sefiorita,”’ “ amatillo,’ “hierba de San José,” ‘‘matacoyote” (El Salvador).
The plant has milky sap. The crushed root was employed in Guerrero, ac-
cording to Sessé and Mocifio* (who list the plant as Rawwolfia nitida, a West
Indian species), as a remedy for erysipelas, and the leaves for healing ulcers.
In Colima the root decoction is used as a gargle for the throat and as a wash
for the gums. The juice of the fruit is used as ink and also for dyeing. The
fruit itself is reputed to be poisonous. ;
5. TONDUZIA Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 103. 1908.
Two other Central American species have been described. The genus was
named for Sefior Don Adolfo Tonduz, well known for his botanical work in
Costa Rica.
1. Tonduzia parvifolia Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 103. 1908.
Oaxaca. Costa Rica; type from Angostura.
Shrub or small tree, glabrous; leaves mostly verticillate, petiolate, linear-
lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 12 cm. long, acuminate or at-
tenuate, attenuate at base, coriaceous; flowers white, in terminal and axillary
cymes; calyx 5-parted, 1 to 1.2 mm. long; corolla salverform, the tube 4 to 5
mm. long; ecarpels slender, terete; seeds flat, elliptic, ciliate. ‘‘ Chamicillo”
(Oaxaca).
6. TABERNAEMONTANA L. Sp. Pl. 210. 17583.
Shrubs or trees, usually glabrous; leaves opposite; flowers in terminal cymes,
sometimes sublateral, white or yellowish; calyx 5-lobate, glandular within;
corolla salverform, the tube cylindric, the lobes contorted; anthers sagittate,
not appendaged; fruit of 2 fleshy short follicles.
Calyx lobes linear-subulate; flowers 5 cm. long__-_____--_-__-_-_ 1. T. litoralis.
Calyx lobes ovate, usually obtuse; flowers less than 5 cm. long.
Tips of the anthers not exserted____________._--_________-- 2. T. citrifolia.
Tips of the anthers exserted.
Corolla tube abouty6imm. long 22 ee Ee ee eee 8. T. alba.
Corollastubes. to 15. mm sone! 2 es oa ee ee eee 4. T. amygdalifolia.
*Pl. Nov. Hisp. 32. 1887.
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1155
1. Tabernaemontana litoralis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 228. 1819.
Type from Campeche; reported also from Tabasco, Veracruz, Guerrero, and
British Honduras.
Leaves elliptic-oblong, about 12 cm. long and 5 cm. wide, subacuminate,
acute at base; sepals fleshy, the margins imbricate; corolla tube 4 to 5 times
as long as the calyx; stamens included.
Known to the writer only from the original description. The vernacular
names “sicte” and “sictillo” are reported from Tabasco, but they may per-
tain to some other species.
2. Tabernaemontana citrifolia L. Sp. Pl. 210. 1753.
Tabernaemontana martensii Peyr. Linnaea 80: 31. 1859.
Tabernaemontana paisavelensis Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 555. 1894.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca. West Indies; Central and
South America.
Glabrous shrub or small tree; leaves petiolate, oblanceolate-oblong to ob-
long-obovate or elliptic, 6 to 20 cm. long, acute or very abruptly short-acumi-
nate, acute at base; flowers white, in dense or lax cymes, pedicellate; corolla
tube 6 to S mm. long. “Cojoén de gato” (Veracruz) ; ‘ lecherillo” (Oaxaca) ;
“palo de San Diego” (Tamaulipas); ‘cachito” (Nicaragua); “ pegojo,”
“lTechoso”’? (Cuba); “huevo de gallo” (Cuba, Porto Rico); ‘“ guacharaco,”
“cojén de cabrito,” “turma de perro” (Colombia).
The flowers are sweet-scented. The milky juice is sometimes applied to
warts to destroy them. In the West Indies the plant has been employed as
a remedy for fevers.
3. Tabernaemontana alba Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Tabernaemontana no. 2.
1768.
Reported from Veracruz and Yucatan.
Leaves ovate-oblong, 12 to 15 cm. long, 5 to 6 em. wide, abruptly short-
acuminate, acute at base, petiolate; cymes many-flowered.
Known to the writer only from description.
4. Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 14. 1760.
Tabernaemontana acapulcensis Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 57. 1878.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Yucatéin. Central and South America.
Shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high, glabrous throughout; leaves elliptic to narrowly
lance-oblong, 5 to 17 ecm. long, acute or acuminate, acute at base; corolla
white; follicles 4 to 6 em. long, 1.5 to 2 cm. thick, smooth. ‘“ Berraco de la
costa,” “berraco” (Sinaloa); “chusumpek” (Yucatin Maya); “cojén de
puerco”’ (Oaxaca, El Salvador); “ utzupek,” “olfato de perro” (Yucatan,
Seler) ; “ jazmin de perro” (Oaxaca, Yucatén) ; “ huevos de toro” (Guerrero,
Oaxaca); “cojén de toro” (Oaxaca); “rejalgar” (Oaxaca, Reko); “pla-
tanito” (Colombia); “huevo de gato” (Panama); ‘“ jazmin del monte”
(Panama, El Salvador); “chilindrén,” ‘“cojén macho,” “leche de perra,”
“amatillo” (El Salvador).
7. STEMMADENIA Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 124. 1844.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite; flowers large, usually yellow, few,
in terminal cymes; calyx 5-parted, the lobes imbricate, glandular within;
corolla funnelform, the tube expanded into a broad throat, the lobes contorted;
stamens included, the anthers sagittate, not appendaged; fruit of 2 short
fleshy divaricate follicles.
1156 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
oe
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Corollaitube, 2ntoy2bxemslonee? goon! Aole _fualvereuy. ~ ni temalarent) on 1. S. bella.
Corolla tube 3 to 5.5 em. long.
Corollantubesaboutys emiwlonsee ts ere OF ties ae 2. S. bignoniaeflora.
Corollal tube; about)S ‘em: one! 2:4 a et) delet) etn S 3. S. insignis.
Leaves pubescent beneath, at least along the costa.
Leaves barbate beneath along the costa, elsewhere glabrous or nearly so.
4. S. palmeri.
Leaves pubescent beneath over the whole surface.
Calyxahout, ormm: loners 220s 2s Le Se tonrertesas
Calyx tt ptor20 homme, omnes 8 ee Sener ee _ 2-6, Si mollis:
1. Stemmadenia bella Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 77. 1878.
Veracruz to Michoacin and Guerrero; reported from Tabasco; type from
Orizaba, Veracruz.
Shrub, 2 meters high or more, glabrous throughout; leaves elliptic-ovate or
oblong-elliptic, 7 to 12 em. long, abruptly acuminate, acute at base; corolla
lobes 12 to 15 mm. long. ‘“‘ Lechoso” (Michoacin, Guerrero).
2. Stemmadenia bignoniaeflora (Schlecht.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 77. 1878.
Echites bignoniaeflora Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 372. 1853.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known.
Glabrous shrub; leaves lance-elliptic, 10 em. long, 4.5 em. wide, acute at
each end, on short marginate petioles; calyx 12 to 14 mm. long.
Known to the writer only from description.
3. Stemmadenia insignis Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 76. 1878.
Jalisco to Veracruz and Yucatin; type from Mérida, Yucatan.
Shrub or small tree, glabrous throughout; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic to
elliptic-oblong or elliptic-obovate, 8 to 18 em. long, abruptly acuminate, acute
at base; calyx 12 to 15 mm. long; fruit carpels about 5 cm. long and 3 em.
wide, sharp-pointed. ‘‘ Laurel” (Yucatan).
4, Stemmadenia palmeri Rose & Standl., sp. nov.
Sinaloa to Chihuahua, Morelos, and Jalisco; type from Imala, Sinaloa
(Palmer 1470; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 305608).
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high, the branchlets glabrous; leaves on
long or short petioles, elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 6 to 18 em. long, abruptly
short-acunmiinate, acute at base, glabrous above, densely barbate beneath along
the costa or in age rarely glabrate; calyx lobes 4 to 6 mm. long, obtuse or
acute, glabrous; corolla tube 3 to 4.5 em. long, the lobes of about the same
length; fruit carpels 4.5 em. long and 8 cm. wide or smaller, faleate-ovoid.
“ Berraco,” “ tapaeco” (Sinaloa).
5. Stemmadenia tomentosa Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 310. 1900.
Type collected near Zapotlain, Jalisco.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
acuminate, acute at base, glabrous above, tomentose beneath; corolla yellow,
7.5 to 8 cm. long.
6. Stemmadenia mollis "Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 125. 1844.
Guerrero to Chiapas and Veracruz. Guatemala; type from Guayaquil,
Ecuador. :
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 7.5 meters high, the branchlets pubescent; leaves
elliptic-oblong to broadly elliptic, 5 to 17 em. long, obtuse or abruptly short-
2cuminate, pubescent on both surfaces; corolla yellow, 7 to 8 cm. long. “Cojén
de puerco” (Oaxaca); “cojén” (Guatemala, El Salvador) ; “flor del dia”
(El Salvador).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1157
8. CATHARANTHUS Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 95. 1838.
1. Catharanthus roseus (lL.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 95. 1838.
Vinca rosea L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 944. 1759.
Lochnera rosea Reichenb. Consp. Veg. 134. 1828.
Ammocallis rosea Small, Fl. Southeast U. S. 936. 1903.
Cultivated in Mexico for ornament and in some places naturalized ; specimens
have been seen only from Sinaloa and Yueatén, but the plant must be much
more widely distributed. Widely dispersed in the tropics of both hemispheres.
Plants herbaceous or woody at base, 1 meter high, thinly pubescent; leaves
opposite, short-petiolate, oblong to elliptic, 3 to 8 em. long, obtuse or retuse;
flowers solitary or geminate in the axils; calyx 5-cleft; corolla salverform,
white or pink, the slender tube 2.5 to 3 em. long; follicles cylindric, 2 to 3 em.
long. pubescent. ‘Maravilla de Espafia” (Mexico) ; “flor de todo el afi,”
“Jazmin del mar” (Porto Rico) ; ‘ vicaria,”’ ‘‘ Dominica” (Cuba) ; “chichirica ”
(Philippines) ; “ chula,” ‘‘mulata” (El Salvador).
In the United States and the British West Indies the plant is known as
“vinea,’ “old maid,” “red periwinkle.” and erroneously as ‘“ sweet-william.”
The flowers are showy and the plant is easily propagated. In Madagascar
the bitter astringent leaves are employed as a vomitive, and the roots are
said to be purgative, vermifuge, depurative, and hemostatic, and to be a
remedy for toothache.
9. ASPIDOSPERMA Mart. & Zucc. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 1: 57. 1824.
1. Aspidosperma megalocarpon Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 400. 1860.
Type from Colipa, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Large tree; leaves petiolate, oblong, 12 to 22 em. long, acute, obtuse at
base, coriaceous, glabrous, lustrous, often unequal at base; follicles obliquely
reniform-obovate, 12 cm. long and 10 cm. wide, rounded-obtuse, glabrous; seed
body compressed, 2 to 2.5 em. broad, surrounded by a broad thin wing, the
whole 7 to 9 em. in diameter. ‘“ Volador” (Veracruz); “ chichique,”
“ chichica ” (Guatemala).
10. NERIUM L. Sp. Pl. 209. 1753.
1. Nerium oleander L. Sp. Pl. 209. 1753.
Cultivated in all the warmer parts of Mexico, and in places naturalized.
Native of the Mediterranean region, but cultivated in all warm regions and
in many places naturalized.
Shrub or small tree, glabrous or obscurely puberulent; leaves mostly ternate,
short-petiolate, linear-oblong or linear-oblanceolate, acute, coriaceous; flowers
pink or white, fragrant, often double, in terminal cymes; calyx 5-parted,
glandular within; corolla funnelform, the limb 5-lobate; follicles elongate,
straight, appressed. ‘“ Laurel rosa,” “laurel blanco,” “laurel colorado” (Mex-
ico, Porto Rico, Ecuador) ; ‘ adelfa” (Mexico, Porto Rico, Ecuador, Guam) ;
“ yaga-quiegueze”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); “narciso” (Guatemala, El Sal-
vyador) ; “‘berberia”’ (Venezuela); ‘‘rosa laurel” (Mexico, Guam); “ adelfa
sencilla’ (Porto Rico); “laurel rosado” (Porto Rico, Colombia); “flor de
Habana ” (Colombia).
The oleander is one of the handsomest of cultivated shrubs and is abun-
dantly planted in Mexican parks and gardens. The plant contains alkaloids
which act as a powerful cardiac poison, and has been employed in medicine
as a heart stimulant and tonic. It has long been used in southern Europe for
destroying rats, and sometimes for poisoning people. An infusion of the
1158 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
leaves in oil has been used as a remedy for cutaneous diseases and to de-
stroy parasites. In Venezuela the juice of the leaves has been employed for
keeping away or destroying flies, and also to remove warts.
11. THENARDIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 210. 1819.
Scandent shrubs; leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers in umbel-like cymes,
pseudo-axillary, slender-pedicellate; calyx 5-parted, glandular within; corolla
subrotate, the tube very short, the lobes dextrorsely contorted; stamens ex-
serted, the anthers sagittate, connivent, appendaged at base; fruit of 2 elon-
gate follicles.
Corolla iabout! 12mm sone: 27 2ew ie at oye eres ne 1. T. floribunda.
CarollatGinomaPplongs aslo? wpe ks eg Fee eS ee eile 2. T. galeottiana.
1. Thenardia floribunda H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 8: 210. pl. 240. 1819.
Thenardia suaveolens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 359. 1844.
Michoacin to Mexico and Oaxaca; type collected near the City of Mexico.
Large vine, glabrous throughout, the branches slender; leaves slender-petio-
late, lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, 5.5 to 13.5 cm. long, acuminate or long-
acuminate, obtuse at base; cymes pedunculate, many-flowered, 8 to 11 cm.
broad, the flowers greenish white, sometimes tinged with purple; anthers 5
to 6 mm. long. ‘“ Petatillo’” (Oaxaca).
2. Thenardia galeottiana Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 819. 1890.
Guerrero and Oaxaca.
Stems slender, glabrous; leaves lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, 4 to 7.5
em. long, attenuate, obtuse or acute at base; cymes few-flowered, about 3 cm.
broad, puberulent; anthers 2.5 mm. long.
12. FORSTERONIA Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 135. 1818.
1. Forsteronia spicata (Jacq.) Meyer, Prim. Fl. Esseq. 135. 1818.
Echites spicata Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 13. 1760.
Michoacin or Guerrero; reported from Campeche. Guatemala; Colombia,
the type from Cartagena.
Woody vine; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, oblong to broadly oval, 5 to 15
cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, sparsely pilosu-
lous beneath or glabrate; flowers white, the cymes spiciform, dense, terminal
and axillary; calyx lobes ovate, acuminate, corolla 4 to 5 mm. long, pubescent
outside and within, the lobes acute.
The writer has seen no Colombian specimens, but the Mexican plant agrees
well with the descriptions. The latter may, however, represent a distinct
species.
13. PRESTONIA R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 69. 1809.
Seandent shrubs; leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers in cymes, these pseudo-
axillary; calyx 5-parted, the segments broad or narrow; corolla salverform,
the tube slender, the 5 lobes broad, dextrorsely contorted; anthers sagittate,
eonnivent, semiexserted, appendaged at base; follicles erect or divergent.
Calyx lobes linear or linear-lanceolate.
Leaves velutinous-pubescent beneath_____------___-_-_______ 1. P. contorta.
Leaves obscurely puberulent or glabrate beneath__________ 2. P. langlassei.
Calyx lobes ovate or ovate-cordate.
eaves eolaADTOUS 2 eo eee, Me 8. P. schizadenia.
Leaves densely sericeous or pilose.
Leaves broadly elliptic or rounded: ellipties=) Fs eee 4. P. mexicana.
heaves .ovate-lanceolate.— 22.) eae eee 5. P. sericea.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1159
1. Prestonia contorta (Mart. & Gal.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 311.
1881.
* Haemadictyon contortum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 360. 1844.
Type from Zacatepec, Oaxaca.
Leaves petiolate, oval, acuminate, subecordate at base, pubescent above, velu-
tinous beneath; cymes dense, bifid, longer than the leaves; corolla about 2.5
em. long, red, the lobes ovate-rounded.
2. Prestonia langlassei Standl., sp. nov.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from La Correa, Michoacin or Gieriers. altitude
50 meters (Langlassé 485; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 385945).
Stems slender, obscurely puberulent or glabrate; petioles slender, 10 to 16
mm. long; leaf blades oblong-ovate, 5.5 to 10 cm. long, 2.2 to 5 cm. wide, trun-
cate or subcordate at base, acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate at apex, thin,
obscurely puberulent, the lateral nerves 6 or 7 on each side; cymes many-
flowered, nearly as long as the leaves, pedunculate; pedicels puberulent, 10 to
17 mm. long; calyx lobes linear, about 5 mm. long; corolla blackish red, the
tube 18 to 20 mm. long, sparsely villosulous, the lobes about 1 cm. long; anthers
conspicuously exserted.
3. Prestonia schizadenia (Muell. Arg.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 312,
1881.
Haemadictyon schizadenium Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: oe 1860.
Type from Papantla, Veracruz.
Branches scabrid; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-ovate or oblong-elliptic, 12
to 15 em. long, 4.5 em. wide, short-acuminate, rounded or cordate at base;
eymes half as long as the leaves; calyx 14 mm. long, glabrous; corolla 2.5
cm. long, glabrous.
4. Prestonia mexicana (A. DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 312. 1881.
Haemadictyon mexicanum A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 428. 1844.
Guerrero to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Morelos. Central America.
Large scandent shrub; leaves very short-petiolate, 8 to 16 cm. long, 5 to
12 em. wide, rounded or obtuse at apex and shortly cuspidate, rounded or
subcordate at base, densely covered with fulvous pubescence; calyx 1.5 to 2.5
em. long, the lobes ovate or lance-oblong; corolla about 4 cm. long, densely
pilose; follicles divaricate, about 8 em. long and nearly 2 cm. thick, densely
hispid ; seeds with a coma of long soft hairs. ‘‘ Cacha de chivo” (Hl Salvador).
5. Prestonia sericea Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 360. 1844.
Type collected in Oaxaca.
Stems villous; leaves subsessile, acuminate, subecordate at base, villous above,
sericeous-tomentose beneath; calyx lobes cordate-ovate, acuminate; corolla
sericeous-villous. |
Probably only a form of P. mexicana.
14. MACROSIPHONIA Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 61: 137. 1860.
Plants erect, low, fruticose or suffrutescent; leaves mostly opposite, sessile
or short-petiolate; flowers large and showy, terminal or becoming lateral,
short-pedicellate; calyx 5-parted, glandular within, the lobes narrow; corolla
funnelform, the tube slender, elongate, enlarged above; anthers oblong or
sagittate, appendaged at base; follicles long and slender, erect.
Leaves orbicular or reniform-orbicular, as broad as long____- 1. M. hesperia.
Leaves linear to oval, longer than broad.
Leaves green beneath, thinly puberulent_____________- 2. M. brachysiphon.
Leaves white-tomentose beneath.
1160 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
Corolla tube: %.5stosl2:5oGm- song ith Sse) oe 3. IM. macrosiphon.
Corolla dube 3 to S:5cem longs ie. a ot fees 4. M. hypoleuca.
1. Macrosiphonia hesperia Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. 12: 1125. 1924.
Southern Baja California; type from Carmen Island.
Leaves short-petiolate, orbicular or reniform-orbicular, 1.5 to 3 em. long
and broad, rounded at apex and apiculate, truncate or subcordate at base,
densely velutinous-pilosulous above, beneath very densely pilose but scarcely
tomentose; follicles 6 to 8 cm. long, 38 to 4 mm. thick, densely puberulent.
2. Macrosiphonia brachysiphon A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 83. 1878.
Northern Sonora, near the boundary. Southern Arizona.
Plants suffrutescent, 60 cm. high or less, puberulent; leaves oblong to broadly
elliptic, 2 to 3 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex; flowers fragrant; corolla
white, the tube 2.5 to 5 em. long; follicles 6 cm. long or more.
8. Macrosiphonia macrosiphon (Torr.) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 2. 1900.
Echites macrosiphon Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 158. pl. 43. 1859.
Macrosiphonia berlandieri A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2?: 83. 1878.
Chihuahua to Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Durango. Western Texas;
type collected along the Rio Grande.
Low shrub; leaves short-petiolate, mostly oval, 2 to 4 em. long, acute to
rounded at apex, truncate or rounded at base, tomentulose or glabrate above;
flowers white, sweet-scented; corolla limb 4.5 to 6 cm. wide; follicles 6 to 10
cm. long. ‘“ Flor de San Juan” (Durango, Coahuila) ; “hierba de San Juan ”
(Coahuila, Tamaulipas).
4. Macrosiphonia hypoleuca (Benth.) Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 452. 1860.
Echites hypoleuca Benth. Pl. Hartw. 23. 1839.
Echites suaveolens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 356. 1844.
Echites lanuginosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 357. 1844.
Macrosiphonia lanuginosa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 316. 1881.
Sinaloa to Chihuahua, San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, and Puebla; type from
Aguascalientes.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves linear to oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 7 cm.
long, rounded to acute at apex, green above but puberulent, the margins often
revolute; flowers white, very sweet-scented; corolla limb usually 6 to 7 cm.
wide; follicles 9 to 16 cm. long. “Flor de San Juan” (Sinaloa, Guanajuato,
San Luis Potosi, Jalisco, Durango); “rosa de San Juan” (Sinaloa, Oaxaca,
Guerrero, Durango); ‘“giiirambo” (Guerrero); “ hierba de la cucaracha”
(San Luis Potosi) ; ‘‘San Juan” (Durango) ; ‘ maravilla silvestre” (Sinaloa).
The pulverized plant, mixed with sugar, is said to be useful for poisoning
eockroaches. Palmer reports that in San Luis Potosi and Durango a decoc-
tion of the plant is employed for pains in the stomach, toothache (applied hot
to the tooth), and externally for inflamed eyes.
The species shows great variation in size of flowers and in leaf breadth,
but the leaves vary greatly upon the same plant, the lower being often much
broader than the upper ones.
15. RHABDADENIA Muell. Arg. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6*: 173. 1860.
Seandent shrubs; leaves opposite, petiolate; flowers large, in few-flowered
racemes; calyx 5-parted, eglandular; corolla funnelform, the tube cylindric, the
throat long-campanulate; anthers oblong, obtuse, short-appendaged at base;
follicles terete, linear-fusiform ; seeds with a terminal tuft of hairs.
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1161
Leaves oblong, acute or acutish at base; calyx lobes oblong to oval, obtuse.
1. R. paludosa.
Leaves elliptic, rounded or subcordate at base; calyx lobes ovate, acuminate.
2. R. cordata.
1. Rhabdadenia paludosa (Vahl) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 119. 1878.
Echites paludosa Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 2: 19. pl. 5. 1798.
Yucatin. Southern Florida, West Indies, and South America.
Stout woody vine, glabrous throughout; leaves 4.5 to 10 ecm. long, obtuse
or rounded at apex, leathery; calyx 6 to 9 mm. long; corolla 6 to 7 cm. long,
white or pale yellow. ‘‘Clavelitos de sabana,” “clavelitos de manglar”
(Cuba).
The acrid juice is said to produce blisters upon the skin, and to have purga-
tive and even poisonous properties.
2. Rhabdadenia cordata (Mill.) Miers, Apocyn. 8S. Amer. 122. 1878.
Apocynum cordatum Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Apocynum no. 10. 1768.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Veracruz.
Stout vine; leaves 5 to 11 em. long, acute or abruptly short-acuminate,
leathery, sparsely pubescent or glabrate; racemes few-flowered ; corolla yellow,
6 to 7 em. long; folticles divaricate, about 11 cm. long and 6 mm. thick.
16. URECHITES Muell. Arg. Bot. Zeit. 18: 22. 1860.
Seandent shrubs; leaves opposite; flowers large, racemose; calyx 5-parted,
glandular within, the lobes narrow; corolla funnelform. the tube slender,
terete, the throat campanulate, the lobes short; anthers sagittate, bearing at
the apex a long filiform twisted appendage; follicies terete, erect or divergent ;
seeds with an apical tuft of hairs.
Leaves densely velutinous-pilosulous beneath; calyx 2 to 3 mm. long.
1. U. karwinskii.
Leaves glabrate or sparsely pubescent beneath; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long.
2. U. andrieuxii.
1. Urechites karwinskii Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 440. 1860.
Mandevilla potosina T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 276. 1912.
Guerrero to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from “ Huefulta ”
(Huejutla, Hidalgo?). Guatemala.
Leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong to oval-elliptic, 5 to 10 cm. long, acuminate or
abruptly short-acuminate, rounded or ‘subcordate at base, sometimes panduri-
form; corolla white, 3.5 to 5.5 cm. long, the tube very slender; follicles about
12 cm. long. ‘“ Loroco” (Guatemala, El Salvador) ; ‘ quilite” (EI Salvador).
The flowers, buds, and young tender shoots are used as a vegetable in Guate-
mala and El Salvador, being cooked with rice and other substances.
2. Urechites andrieuxii Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 442. 1860.
Type collected near Tehuantepec, Oaxaca; reported also from Hidalgo.
Leaves petiolate, broadly elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 5 to 6 cm. long, abruptly
short-acuminate, rounded at base, glabrous above; corolla 5 cm. long; follicles
17 cm. long and 6 mm. thick.
17. MANDEVILLA Lindl. Bot. Reg. pl. 7. 1840.
Seandent shrubs; leaves opposite; flowers small or large, racemose, usually
white; calyx 5-parted, glandular within; corolla funnelform, the tube cylindric,
the throat campanulate; anthers obtuse or short-acuminate, appendaged at
base; follicles erect or nearly so; seeds with an apical tuft of hairs.
1162 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The Mexican species are poorly represented in herbaria, and the following
treatment is chiefly a mere compilation.
Corolla r2) torah! mma Lome es 2 are a ee 1. M. andrieuxtii.
Corolla 2 em. long or larger.
Lea Ves *Subsessile@si fo rte ue ue Tot ae hag gaps Bike 2. M. foliosa.
Leaves petiolate.
Leaves ‘tomentose jbeneathsc _2s:he! sade. eto 3. M. convolvulacea.
Leaves hirtellous or glabrous beneath________----_--____-_-- 4, M. oaxacana.
1. Mandevilla andrieuxii (Muell. Arg.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 316.
1881.
Amblyanthera andrieurii Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 422. 1860.
Type collected at San Francisco, between Huauapan and Oaxaca.
Leaves short-petiolate, narrowly obovate or obovate-lanceolate, 2 to 3 cm.
long, subacute at base and apex, soft-pubescent beneath; calyx lobes ovate-
lanceolate.
2. Mandevilla foliosa (Muell. Arg.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 316.
1881.
Amblyanthera foliosa Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 427. 1860.
Type collected near the City of Mexico.
Leaves obovate, 9 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, cordate at base, glabrate
above, hirtellous beneath along the nerves; corolla 2 cm. long.
8. Mandevilla convolvulacea (A. DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 316.
1881.
Echites convolvulacea A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 451. 1844.
Leaves oval, 7.5 to 10 em. long, acuminate, obtuse or cordate at base, gla-
brate above; corolla tube 12 mm. long.
4, Mandevilla oaxacana (A. DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 316. 1881.
Echites oaracana A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 451. 1844.
Echites glaucescens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 358. 1844.
Mesechites hirtellula Miers, Apocyn. 8S. Amer. 234. 1878.
Mandevilla schumanniana Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 556. 1894.
Oaxaca.
Seandent shrub; leaves lance-oblong to oblong-ovate, 4 to 6.5 em. long, acute
or acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, scaberulous or glabrate above;
corolla 2.5 to 3 em. long, the tube slightly shorter than the throat.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
MANDEVILLA KARWINSKII (Muell. Arg.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 316.
1881. Amblyanthera karwinskii Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 426. 1860. Type from
Mexico. The description strongly suggest Hchites coulteri,
18. HAPLOPHYTON A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 412. 1844.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Haplophyton cimicidum A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 412. 1844.
Sonora and Chihuahua to Veracruz and Chipas; type from Tehuantepec,
Oaxaca. Guatemala; Cuba; southern Arizona.
Plants slender, herbaceous or woody below, usually 30 to 60 cm. high, the
stems puberulent; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, ovate or lanceolate, 3 to 5
em. long, long-acuminate, rounded at base, hispidulous; flowers few, terminal,
pedicellate, yellow; calyx eglandular, 5-parted, the lobes linear-subulate ;
corolla salverform, the lobes 12 to 15 mm. long, longer than the slender tube;
STAN DLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1163
follicles very slender, 6 to 8 em. long; seeds with deciduous hairs at each
end. ‘“ Hierba de la cucaracha” (Oaxaca, Morelos) ; ‘‘ raiz de la cucaracha ”
(Oaxaca); “atempatli” (“ flea-medicine”) or “actimpatli’” (Nahuatl).
The plant is well known in Mexico as an insecticide. A decoction of the
plant is mixed with cornmeal and used as a poison for cockroaches. The de-
eoction is also applied as a lotion to the human body to kill all sorts of para-
sites and a lard ointment is employed for the same purpose. Flores states
that a sweetened infusion of the plant will attract and kill mosquitoes.
19. ECHITES Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 15. 1760.
Seandent shrubs; leaves opposite; flowers smali or large, in axillary ra-
cemes; calyx 5-parted, glandular within; corolla salverform, the tube cylindric;
anthers sagittate, appendaged at base; follicles slender, terete, often torulose ;
seeds with an apical tuft of silky hairs.
The following names are reported for plants which are said to belong to
the genus: “ Tijerilla’’ (Guanajuato) ; “ raiz de cuculillo,” ‘‘ raiz de la cuca-
racha”’ (Oaxaca).
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Corolla tube 6 to 12 mm. long.
Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, one-third as long as the corolla tube or
longer.
Corolla. tube about 6 mm. long22=- 2212 Seon Tes Sor 2a 1. E. torosa.
Corolla tube: 10) to: A2smms longs. ee ee es 2. E. smithii.
Calyx lobes triangular, less than one-fifth as long as the corolla tube.
8. E. tuxtlensis.
Corolla tube 25 to 50 mm. long.
Calyx WObeSsTODEMS Che ea oo ee ee 4. BE. trifida.
Calyx lebes acute or acuminate.
Corolla’ tube: aAvOUtONCn ONS =e ee eee 5. E. umbellata.
Corolla tube 2.5 to 3.5 em. long.
Leaves thin, deeply emarginate at base___________ 11. E. microcalyx.
Leaves coriaceous, rounded or subcordate at base________ 6. E. rosea.
Leaves variously pubescent beneath.
Corolla lobes short, suberect, not spreading ________________ 7. E. tubiflora.
Corolla lobes elongate, spreading. «
Wally xen LONESwODTUSC ee ee ee ee 8. E. lanata.
Calyx lobes acuminate.
Calyx lobes one-third as long as the corolla tube or longer.
Leaves mostly obtuse, acute or obtuse at base__________ 9. E. coulteri.
Leaves acute or acuminate, usually subcordate at base.
10, E. apocynifolia.
Calyx lobes less than one-fourth as long as the corolla tube.
FOWL Sb 2) Oya cose GUNN aL OT re 11. E. microcalyx.
MIOWers ja bOUE 1°D) Gt LONG Ss wee ee ee 12. E. mexicana.
1. Echites torosa Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 18. 1760.
Yucatin and Campeche. West Indies; type from Jamaica.
Seandent shrub, glabrous throughout; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong,
db.) to 4.5 em. long, acute, obtuse or rounded at base, coriaceous; corolla yellow ;
follicles very slender, about 14 cm. long, torulose.
The juice is said to be poisonous and to have emetic-cathartie properties.
1164 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. Echites smithii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 29. 1904.
Oaxaca; type from Saloma, altitude 1,980 meters.
Stems puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long,
acute, subecordate at base, glabrous or puberulent above, glabrous beneath;
racemes short, 1 to 3-flowered; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long; corolla yellow, glabrous ;
follicles pubescent.
3. Echites tuxtlensis Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Tuxtla, Chiapas, altitude 720 to 840 meters (Nelson 3080; U. S.
Nat. Herb. no. 234032).
Stems glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, the petioles puberulent, the blades
lance-oblong or linear-oblong, 5 to 10 cm. long, 0.8 to 2.5 em. wide, acute or
acuminate, acute at base, thick, pale, glabrous, the lateral nerves obsolete be-
neath; racemes slender, few-flowered, longer than the leaves, glabrous, the
flowers long-pedicellate; calyx lobes triangular, acute, 1 to 1.5 mm. long;
corolla tube 8 mm. long, the lobes 4 to 5 mm. long.
4. Echites trifida Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 13. 1760.
Oaxaca. Central America and northern South America; type from Carta-
gena, Colombia.
Seandent glabrous shrub; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong or oval-elliptic,
6 to 11 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base; calyx
5 to 6 mm. long; corolla purplish, the tube 2.5 to 3 cm. long; follicles slender,
30 to 35 em. long, not torulose.
5. Echites umbellata Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 18. 1760.
Yucatin and perhaps elsewhere. West Indies.
Leaves petiolate, ovate to oval, 45 to 10 cm. long, rounded or abruptly
short-acuminate at apex, rounded at base, thick; racemes few-flowered ; corolla
white or pale yellow; follicles rather stout, 15 to 21 cm. long.
6. Echites rosea A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 450. 1844.
Reported from San Luis Potosi, perhaps erroneously. Cuba.
Glabrous vine; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 2.5 em. long, acuminate, sub-
sessile; peduncles 2 or 3-flowered; corolla purplish, with slender tube; follicles
about 7.5 em. long.
7. Echites tubiflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 358. 1844.
Jalisco to Veracruz, Morelos, and Michoacin; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Guatemala.
Leaves petiolate, lance-oblong to elliptic, 4 to 9 cm. long, acute or short-
acuminate, cordate at base, pilosulous or densely whitish-tomentose beneath ;
racemes secund, usually many-flowered; corolla 12 to 18 mm. long.
8. Echites lanata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 359. 1844.
Type from Sola, Oaxaca, altitude 1,200 meters.
Stems pubescent; leaves sessile, obovate, coriaceous, acuminate, cordate at
base, lanate beneath; racemes longer than the leaves; flowers about 2.5 cm.
long.
9. Echites coulteri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 113. 1883.
Coahuila to San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo; type from the Sierra Madre
south of Saltillo, Coahuila. .
Plants scandent or suberect; leaves oblong-obovate to oval-elliptic, 2 to 4.5
em. long, usually rounded at apex but often apiculate, sometimes emarginate,
acute to rounded at base, pilosulous or puberulent beneath or finally glabrate ;
corolla tube about 1 cm. long; follicles 5 to 10 cm. long, torulose.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1165
10. Echites apocynifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 435. 1887.
Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Plants suberect, puberulent; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate to ellip-
tic, acute or obtuse, glabrate in age; racemes few-flowered ; corolla yellow, the
tube 1 cm. long; follicles torulose.
11. Echites microcalyx A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 456. 1844.
Hehites secundifiora A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 457. 1844.
Eehites jasminifiora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 357. 1844.
Sinaloa to Veracruz, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Central America and northern
South America; type from Caracas, Venezuela.
Seandent shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to ovate-elliptic or obovate, 3
to 7 cm. long, acute or acuminate, cordate or hastate at base, pilosulous be-
neath or rarely glabrous, thin; racemes few or many-flowered; corolla yellow;
follicles 8 to 20 cm. long, very slender, conspicuously torulose. ‘‘ Flor del mico ”
(Guatemala, Honduras).
12. Echites mexicana (Muell. Arg.) Miers, Apocyn. S. Amer. 205. 1878.
Amblyanthera mexicana Muell. Arg. Linnaea 30: 424. 1860.
Type from “ Victoria.”
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 5 cm. long, acuminate, cordate at base, pubes-
cent; racemes few-flowered.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ECHITES ASPERA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 359. 1844. Type from
Rio de las Vueltas, Oaxaca.
EcHITEs corpataA A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 451. 1844. Based upon one of
Sessé and Mocifio’s drawings? of a Mexican plant.
ECHITES PANDURATA A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 8: 458. 1844. Type from San
Dionisio, Oaxaca.
20. STREPTOTRACHELUS Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 298. 1897.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Streptotrachelus pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 298. 1897.
Morelos and Guerrero; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos, altitude 1,560 meters.
Large woody vine; leaves opposite, slender-petiolate, oblong-ovate to ovaie-
elliptic, 4 to 8 cm. long, short-acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, pu-
berulent; flowers greenish yellow or purplish, in axillary pedunculate cymes;
ealyx 5-parted, puberulent, eglandular, about 4 mm. long, the lobes lance-
linear; corolla salverform, the tube about 2 cm. long, twisted; anthers sagit-
tate, acuminate, appendaged at base; follicles 20 to 30 em. long, slender, toru-
lose; seeds with an apical tuft of soft hairs.
21. SECONDATIA DC. Prodr. 8: 445. 1844.
Secondatia difformis (Walt.) Benth. & Hook., a United States species, has
been reported from Nuevo Le6én, but probably incorrectly. At least a part
of the specimens so labeled belong to the genus Hchites.
1. Secondatia stans (A. Gray) Standl.
Trachelospermum stans A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 394. 1886.
Sinaloa to Chihuahua, Querétaro, Guanajuato, and Michoacin; type from
the city of Chihuahua.
*DC. Calg. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 796.
796S88—24——21
1166 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
Shrub, erect or nearly so, about a meter high; leaves opposite, petiolate,
elliptic to ovate or oblong, 6 to 12 em. long, abruptly acuminate, rounded at
base, puberulent or glabrate beneath; flowers pale yellow, in lax axillary bifid
eymes; calyx lobes lance-linear; corolla salverform, glabrous, the tube 10 to
15 mm. long; follicles slender, torulose, 7 to 13 cm. long; seeds with an apical
tuft of long silky hairs. ‘‘ Hierba de la cucaracha” (Durango, Sinaloa, Mi-
choacfn).
The flowers are sweet-scented.- The plant is used for poisoning cockroaches.
141. ASCLEPIADACEAE. Milkweed Family.
Plants erect or scandent, herbaceous or woody, with milky juice; leaves
opposite, rarely verticillate or alternate, entire, estipulate; flowers perfect,
regular, usually in cymes, these commonly umbelliform or racemiform; calyx
inferior, the tube very short or none; corolla gamopetalous, rotate, campanu-
late, urceolate, or rarely funnelform or salverform, 5-lobate; corona usually
present, adnate to the corolla or to the stamen tube, variously mod fied; stamens
5, the filaments usually short and connate; anthers basifixed, connivent about
the stigma, forming with that and the filaments the gynostegium, 2-celled,
the cells usually produced below, the connective often with a membrane at
apex; pollen usually coherent in masses known as pollinia; 5 small corpuscles
present on the margin of the disk between the anthers, these attached to the
pollinia and supporting them after dehiscence of the anthers; ovary of 2
distinct carpels; stigma usually forming a 5-angulate disk; fruit of 2 follicles,
one of these usually abortive, sessile, dehiscent; seeds often with a terminal
tuft of hairs.
A large family, characterized by flowers of extremely complicated structure.
A few genera represented only by herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
Pollen granular; corolla funnelform, 5 to 7 em. long, pink or purplish.
Seandent shrub, glabrous or nearly so______________ 1. CRYPTOSTEGIA.
Pollen waxy; corolla never funnelform, smaller.
Pollinia borne in the lower part of the anther cell. pendulous from the
‘arms of the corpuscles.
Plants erect____-- Be a i eo ed ae _______2. ASCLEPIAS.
Plants seandent.
Corona none Se. Se 2a ee eet ee eh Pk 3. ASTEPHANUS.
Corona present.
Corona adnate to the corolla.
Corona simple; corolla with a distinct tube_____ 4. MACROSCEPIS.
Corona double; corolla rotate.
Outer corona thin, entire or nearly so________ 5. FUNASTRUM.
@Quter corona fleshy,-o-lobates.— == 2 ares 6. FISCHERIA.
Corona adnate to the gynostegium.
Corolla lobes valvate in bud.
Corona scales thin: fate 2 ee eee 7. METASTELMA.
Corona, ‘scales: cucullates*220 222s" eee 8. BLEPHARODON.
Corolla lobes contorted.
Leaves not cordate at base, usually linear to lanceolate, sometimes
ovate.
Corona deeply lobate; stigma rostrate______ 9. BASISTELMA.
Corona shallowly lobate; stigma conic_____ 10. CYNANCHUM.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1167
Leaves ovate-cordate.
Corollancampanplatess= =... Fe. 11. MELLICHAMPIA.
Corolla rotate or nearly so.
Corolla about 2 cm. long, the lobes linear.
12. OXYPETALUM.
Corolla much smaller, the lobes broader than linear.
13. ROULINIELLA.
Pollinia borne in the upper part of the anther cell, erect or divaricate from
the arms of the corpuscles.
Anther cells longitudinally dehiscent; pollinia erect or nearly so.
ants FEC eC tee mere pipes at ES SE, 14, NEPHRADENTIA.
EAR AIEES SSE cue ON terse ee ee gs a8 eye TE LY 15. MARSDENTA.
Anther cells transversely dehiscent; pollinia usually horizontal.
Corolla lobes with long barbate filiform terminal appendages.
16. TRICHOSACME.
Corolla lobes not appendaged.
Corolla campanulate or salverform.
Corollaysshort-salverform =) ee es a 17. LACHNOSTOMA.
Corolla broadly campanulate.
Corolla long-hirsute within ___________ 18. MICRODACTYLON.
Corolla not hirsute within.
Corona lobes adnate to the corolla______ 19. DICTYANTHUS.
Corona lobes free from the corolla______ 20. POLYSTEMMA.
Corolla rotate.
Stigma produced into a column______________ 21. ROTHROCKTIA.
Stigma plane or depressed.
Corona entire or 5-lobate, the lobes not with lateral appen-
CO EVP E Se ears a ta a a ate ping a alee 22. VINCETOXICUM.
Corona with 10 or more lobes, or the outer lobes with filiform
lateral appendages. "
Corolla covered within with linear-spatulate hairs; corona of
OU Seal CS 2 ee ee cee ee ee ee 23. HIMANTOSTEMMA,
Corolla lanate in the throat; corona of 10 scales.
24. UROSTEPHANUS.
1. CRYPTOSTEGIA R. Br. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. pl. 435. 1819.
1. Cryptostegia grandiflora (Roxb.) R. Br. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. pl. 435. 1819.
Nerium grandiflorum Roxb. Hort. Beng. 19. 1814.
Thoroughly naturalized in Sinaloa. Native of India.
Woody vine, glabrous or nearly so; leaves petiolate, oval to elliptic-ovate,
4.5 to 10 em. long, obtuse or abruptly short-pointed, leathery; flowers few, in
terminal cymes, pink or purplish; calyx 5-parted, the lobes lanceolate; corolla
funnelform, 5 to 7 em. long; carpels divaricate, about 12 em. long and 3.5
em. thick, acutely 3-angulate. ‘Clavel de Espamia,” ‘ hiedra,” ‘“ cuaumecate
chayote” (Sinaloa).
The milky juice yields rubber, and the plant has been cultivated in some
regions on that account. The rubber is said to be of good quality, but it is
produced only in small amounts. The stems are said to yield a good quality
of fiber. Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer, of Madagascar, the only other
species, is reported to be an important source of rubber, and its bark furnishes
a useful fiber.
1168 | CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. ASCLEPIAS L. Sp. Pl. 214. 1753.
Shrubs or usually herbs; leaves opposite, verticillate, or alternate; flowers
in terminal or axillary umbels; calyx 5-parted; corolla 5-parted, the lobes
valvate, reflexed in anthesis; corona of 5 concave erect scales, each with a
terminal incurved hornlike terminal appendage; follicles usually smooth; seeds
with a terminal tuft of hairs.
Numerous herbaceous species of milkweed occur in Mexico.
Stems densely leafy, the leaves mostly scattered____-___-______ 1. A. linaria.
Stems naked or nearly so except when young, the leaves opposite or verticillate.
Coronasscalesso-mimn> Jone or less- ==. =.= ee 2. A. albicans.
Coronasscales Geto % mm, long. 2+ 222s ee 3. A. subulata.
1. Asclepias linaria Cay. Icon. Pl. 1: 42. pl. 57. 1791.
Jalisco to Chihuahua, Veracruz, and Oaxaca.
Stems herbaceous or more commonly woody, whitish-pubescent; leaves
narrowly linear, 1 to 4 em. long, glabrate; umbels axillary, pedunculate;
flowers green and white, the corona scales 2.5 to 3 mm. long; follicles ovoid
or narrowly ovoid, 3.5 to 6 em. long, glabrous. ‘“ Romerillo”’ (Mexico,
Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosi) ; “ plumerillo” (Aguascalientes) ; “ torbisco ”
(Durango) ; “mapipitza” (Mexico, San Luis Potosi, Ramirez); “ Soliman”
(Mexico) ; “teperomero”’ (Mexico); “tlalayote” (San Luis Potosi, Mexico,
Urbina); ‘‘venenillo” (Mexico, San Luis Potosi); ‘“ algodoncillo,” ‘ hierba
de la punzada” (Durango).
The juice is used locally as a drastic purgative, but its use is dangerous.
Palmer reports that in Durango the leaves are applied to the temples to
relieve headache.
2. Asclepias albicans S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 59. 1889.
Baja California and Sinaloa; type from Los Angeles Bay, Baja California.
Stems numerous, often woody below, sometimes 3 meters high, whitish,
puberulent when young;*leaves opposite or ternate, linear, quickly deciduous;
eorolla greenish white tinged with brown, the corona scales yellowish;
follicles slender, about 10 em. long.
8. Asclepias subulata Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 571. 1844.
Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa. Southern California and Arizona.
Stems numerous, about 1 meter high, usually woody below, glabrous or nearly
so, glaucous; leaves narrowly linear but quickly deciduous; pedicels puberu-
lent; corolla greenish white; follicles slender, 10 to 12 cm. long. ‘“ Yamete”
(Baja California) ; “ yumete” (Sonora) ; “candelilla bronca” (Sinaloa).
The milky juice is sometimes employed as an emetic and purgative.
83. ASTEPHANUS R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 54. 1809.
1. Astephanus pubescens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 299. 1897.
Morelos and Mexico; type collected near Cuernavaca, Morelos, altitude
1,950 meters.
Slender suffrutescent vine, the stems pubescent; leaves petiolate, lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 6 cm. wide, acuminate, obtuse at base, pubescent ;
inflorescence subumbellate, few-flowered, the peduncles 1 to 2 mm. long, the
pedicels about 3 mm. long; calyx minute, 5-parted, pubescent; corolla sub-
campanulate, about 3 mm. broad, white or purplish, the lobes emarginate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1169
4. MACROSCEPIS H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 200; 1819.
Stems scandent, suffrutescent, setose-hirsute; leaves cordate; cymes usually
subsessile, the flowers large; calyx 5-lobate, eglandular; corolla short-salver-
form, the tube ovoid or campanulate, constricted in the throat, the lobes
spreading, contorted in bud; corona adnate to the corolla tube, composed of
5 fleshy inflexed subexserted scales; stigma plane or umbonate; follicles fleshy ;
seeds with an apical tuft of hairs.
OD AIS G8 CUMMIT ALC cen a en cl ee a ee et Ps Sah Ye 1. M. obovata.
SSCP RISHRO ID fyU1 Se eso ee a a A a ee a le 2. M. rotata.
1. Macroscepis obovata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 201. pl. 133. 1819.
San Luis Potosi to Oaxaca, Chiapas, Veracruz, and Campeche; type from
Campeche.
Stems fulvous-hirsute; leaves obovate to rounded-obovate, 6 to 17 em. Jong,
abruptly short-acuminate, deeply cordate at base, hirsute, especially beneath ;
cymes sessile, few-flowered, the flowers pedicellate; sepals hirsute and ciliate;
corolla 2 to 2.5 em. broad, hirtellous or glabrate outside, glabrous within, the
lobes obtuse.
2. Macroscepis rotata Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 599. 1844.
Type from Yucatan.
Leaves obovate, short-acuminate, cordate at base; peduncles short, 2 or 3-
fiowered; sepals ovate; corolla subrotate, the lobes ovate, obtuse.
Perhaps only a form of MM. obovata. MDecaisne states that the sepals are
‘only half as long as in the latter species.
5. FUNASTRUM Fourn. Ann. Sci. Nat. VI. 14: 388. 1882.
Plants scandent, herbaceous or fruticose; leaves petiolate; flowers white or
purplish, in axillary umbel-like cymes; calyx small, 5-parted; corolla sub-
rotate, 5-lobate, the lobes contorted; exterior corona annular, adnate to the
corolla; interior corona of 5 broad fleshy scales; pollinia pendulous; follicles
smooth, terete.
Leaves linear or, if broader, obtuse or acute at base (linear leaves sometimes
cordate-hastate at base).
iseavess crispatess f= sr wrreuey Pr shies) Tee SUSU GES erispum:
Leaves plane.
Leaves linear, sometimes hastate-cordate.
Corolla lobes obtuse. or acuteler. 32 ee ee 2. F. cumanense.
Corolla lobes}acuminate 22s2--4em. Seat orens) 8 3. F. heterophyllum.
Leaves lance-oblong to elliptic, obtuse at base______________ 4, F. clausum,
Leaves deltoid, ovate, or broader, conspicuously cordate at base.
Leaves white-tomentose beneath.
eavesiorbiculandes~ see tte. eva, Sees SER 5. F. rotundifolium.
heavespovatevorielliptie wt: =! eases ty ew. Se eae 6. F. pannosum.
Leaves glabrous or pubescent beneath, never tomentose.
Stemsiglabrous rorsnearly.7so2 ss en ees ee 7. F. cynanchoides:
Stems densely pubescent.
Umbels sessile or subsessile.
Corolla lobes papillose within________________ 8. F. lindenianum.
Corolla+ lobes not papillose-within 2222=_ 22. Se 9. F. bicolor.
1170 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Umbels on conspicuous, usually long peduncles.
Corolla lobessacuminates2 = a 2 es eae 10, F. dumetorum.
Corolla lobes obtuse.
Lobes of the inner corona ovate-triangular_________ 11. F. bilobum.
Lobes of the inner corona oval, very obtuse.
Corolla slabrous “OUtSIE Ce eee oe eee 12. F. elegans.
Corolla“pubescen t= 2 2 2 ee re ee 13. F. torreyi.
1. Funastrum crispum (Benth.) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 138: 284.
1914.
Sarcostemma crispum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 291. 1841.
Sarcostemma undulatwm Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 161. 1859.
Philibertia crispa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 318. 1881.
Philibertella crispa Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 306. 1897.
Type from Aguascalientes. Western Texas to southern Arizona.
Stems chiefly herbaceous, glabrous or puberulent; leaves linear or lanceolate,
5 to 7 em. long, attenuate, hastate-cordate at base, pale beneath; umbels pe-
dunculate, few-flowered; corolla dull purple, glabrous within, puberulent out-
side, the lobes obtuse; follicles 10 to 12 cm. long.
No Mexican specimens have been seen by the writer.
2. Funastrum cumanense (H. B. K.) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13:
284. 1914.
Sarcostemma cumanense H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 195. 1819.
Sarcostemma arenarium Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 34. 1844.
Philibertia cumanensis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 218. 1881.
Baja California to Colima, Oaxaca, and Tabasco. Central America and
northern South America; type from Cumana, Venezuela.
Stems suffrutescent, or thick and woody at base, pilosulous or glabrate;
leaves linear, 3 to 5.5 em. long, short-petiolate, obtuse or acute at base, glab-
rate; umbels pedunculate; corolla 10 to 12 mm. broad, sericeous or puberulent
outside. ‘“Cuchamperrito,” “ bejuco de pescado” (El Salvador).
In El Salvador the tough stems are employed by the fishermen as cords on
which to string fish.
8. Funastrum heterophyllum (Engelm.) Standl.
Sarcostemma lineare Decaisne; Benth. Pl. Hartw. 25. 1840. Not S. lineare
Spreng. 1822.
Sarcostemma heterophyllum Engelm.; Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 5:
362. 1876.
Philibertia linearis A. Gray, Proce. Amer. Acad. 12: 64. 1876.
Philibertella hartwegii Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 308. 1897.
Funastrum hartwegii Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Noy. Fedde 18: 285. 1914.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Coahuila, Querétaro, and Jalisco. Western
Texas to southern California; type from Fort Yuma, Arizona.
Slender vine, herbaceous or suffrutescent, glaucescent, pubescent or gla-
brate; leaves linear, 3 to 6 cm long, acute, obtuse, or cordate-hastate at base;
umbels pedunculate, few or many-flowered; corolla purplish, 8 to 10 mm.
broad, pubescent outside; follicles 6 to 10 cm. long, pubescent or glabrate.
*“Hortensia de guia” (Jalisco).
Said to be used in Sinaloa as a remedy for snake bites.
4. Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 283.
1914.
Cynanchum clausum Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 1: 87. 1763.
Sarcostemma crassifolium Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 540. 1844.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. fae
Philibertia crassifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 318. 1881.
_ Philibertia palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 394. 1886.
Cynanchum mexicanum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 380. 1915.
Funastrum crassifolium Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 284, 1914.
Funastrum palmeri Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 286. 1914.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Tamaulipas, Morelos, Tabasco, and Oaxaca.
Florida, West Indies, Central America, and northern South America.
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, usually glabrous; leaves petiolate, 3 to 7
em. long, acuminate or cuspidate, glabrous or often densely pubescent beneath ;
umbels long-pedunculate, many-flowered ; flowers 10 to 14 mm. broad, whitish,
sericeous outside; follicles 5 to 6.5 cm. long, about 1 cm. thick. “ Petaquilla”
(Tabasco) ; “ bejuco de leche,” “ quichi-nixi”’ (Oaxaca, Seler) ; “ mata-torsalo”
(Costa Rica).
In Costa Rica the crushed leaves are applied at the point in the skin where a
larva of the dipterous insect known as “ térsalo”’ is located, and the latter is
soon killed by the acrid juice.
5. Funastrum rotundifolium (Decaisne) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde
13: 287. 1914.
Sarcostemma rotundifolium Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 540. 1844.
Philibertia rotundifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 320. 1881.
Type from ‘“ Guasacualcos.”
Leaves orbicular, abruptly acuminate, puberulent above, white-tomentose
beneath; umbels long-pedunculate, many-flowered; corolla lobes acute, puber-
ulent outside.
Probably not distinct from the next species.
6. Funastrum pannosum (Decaisne) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde
13: 286. 1914.
Sarcostemma pannosum Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 540. 1844.
Philibertia pavoni Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 319. 1881.
Philibertia pannosa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 320. 1881.
Funastrum pavoni Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 286. 1914.
Sonora to San Luis Potosi, Querétaro, and Oaxaca.
Stems herbaceous or frutescent, glabrate; leaves petiolate, 3 to 10 cm. long,
acute, acuminate, or cuspidate, green above and puberulent, usually deeply
cordate at base; umbels long-pedunculate, many-flowered ; corolla white, 1.5 to
2 em. broad, the lobes obtuse or subacute, puberulent outside. ‘“ Talayotillo”
(Sinaloa).
7. Funastrum cynanchoides (Decaisne) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde
13: 284. 1914.
Sarcostemma cynanchoides Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 540. 1844.
Philibertia cynanchoides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 64. 1876.
Philibertella cynanchoides Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 207. 1897.
Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Nuevo Le6n; type from Matamoros,
Coahuila. Western Texas to Arizona.
Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves petiolate, deltoid-cordate or sagittate, 2.5
to 5.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, usually glabrous; umbels many-flowered,
long-pedunculate; corolla white, about 1 cm. broad, the lobes puberulent
outside, ciliate, acute.
Philibertia cynanchoides subtruncata Robins. & Fern.’, described from
Fronteras, Sonora, is a form with narrow leaves which are mostly truncate
at base.
*Proe. Amer. Acad. 30: 19. 1894.
LETS CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Funastrum lindenianum (Deca‘sne) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde
13: 286. 1914.
Sarcostemma lindenianum Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 541. 1844.
Philibertia lindeniana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 318. 1881.
Type from Yucatan.
Stems pubescent; leaves cordate or subtruncate-cordate, rounded and short-
cuspidate at apex, pubescent; pedicels about as long as the leaves; corolla
lobes subobtuse.
9. Funastrum bicolor (Decaisne) Standl.
Sarcostemma bicolor Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 541. 1844.
Philibertia bicolor A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 395. 1886.
San Luis Potosi, Querétaro, Mexico, and Puebla; type from Tehuacan,
Puebla.
Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves petiolate, oblong-cordate or triangular-
cordate, 2 to 5.5 em. long, rounded and apiculate or cuspidate or long-acuminate,
pubescent; umbels mostly few-flowered; corolla 2 to 2.5 em. broad, greenish
yellow and brownish purple, the lobes obtuse, puberulent outside, ciliate.
10. Funastrum dumetorum (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Philibertia dumetorum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 380. 1913.
Type from Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz.
Stems retrorse-pubescent ; leaves orbicular-ovate, 5.5 em. long or less, obtuse,
acuminate, or emarginate, deeply cordate at base, pubescent; corolla lobes 5
mm. long.
Not seen by the writer.
11. Funastrum bilobum (Hook. & Arn.) Standl.
Sarcostemma bilobum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 438. 1841.
Type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Plants glabrous; leaves cordate-ovate, 3.5 to 5 em. long, acuminate; umbels
many-flowered, the peduncles longer than the leaves.
12. Funastrum elegans (Decaisne) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 138:
284. 1914.
Sarcostemma elegans Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 541. 1844.
Philibertia elegans Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 318. 1881.
Philibertia ervendbergii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 395. 1886.
Philibertella elegans Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 310. 1897.
Funastrum ervendbergii Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 285. 1914.
Veracruz, Hidalgo, Mexico, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Yucatéin; type collected
near the City of Mexico.
Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate, 4 to
7 em. long, rounded at apex and usually short-cuspidate, deeply cordate at
base, pubescent; corolla white or greenish, about 1 cm. broad. ‘“ Bina” (Oax-
aca, Seler).
13. Funastrum torreyi (A. Gray) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13: 287.
1914.
Philibertia torreyi A. Gray, Proc. Amer, Acad. 12: 64. 1876.
Philibertella torreyi Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 309. 1897.
Chihuahua and Coahuila to Guanajuato. Western Texas.
Stems slender, densely pubescent; leaves lance-cordate, 2 to 4 em. long,
acuminate or long-acuminate, deeply cordate at base, thick, densely pubescent ;
corolla 1 to 2 em. broad, white or purplish.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1173
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
FUNASTRUM LURIDUM (Decaisne) Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 13:
286. 1914. Sarcostemma luridum Kunze, Linnaea 20: 26. 1847; Philibertia
lurida Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 319. 1881. Described from cultivated
plants of Mexican origin.
PHILIBERTIA TOMENTELLA T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 90. 1910.
T'ype from the Cape Region of Baja California.
6. FISCHERIA DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 112. 1818.
Stems scandent, usually fruticose below; leaves cordate; cymes umbelliform
or short-racemiform, pedunculate; calyx 5-parted, glandular within, the seg-
ments usually narrow; corolla subrotate, the lobes contorted in bud; outer
corona annular, fleshy, adnate to the corolla, the interior corona of 5 fleshy
obtuse scales; stigma depressed.
Calyx lobes obovate, obtuse; cymes short-pedunculate.
1. F. aristolochiaefolia.
Calyx lobes linear; cymes on long peduncles____--________-___ 2. F. oaxacana.
1, Fischeria aristolochiaefolia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6:
190, 1915.
Type from Cerro del Boquer6én, Chiapas.
Stems long-hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate or oblong-cordate, 6 to 16 cm. long,
acuminate, hirsute beneath; peduncles 1.5 em. long or less, about 6-flowered ;
ealyx nearly glabrous; corolla about 7 mm. long.
2. Fischeria oaxacana Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Santo Domingo, Oaxaca, altitude 480 meters (Nelson 2713; U. S.
Nat. Herb. no. 908027).
Stems stout, densely hirtellous and very sparsely hirsute; leaves petiolate,
elliptic-ovate, 7.5 to 15 em. long, 4 to 9 cm. wide, acute to rounded at apex
and short-cuspidate, cordate at base with a short closed sinus, minutely
setulose above, densely setulose-pilosulous beneath; peduncles 4.5 to 10 ecm.
long, many-flowered, the fiowers short-racemose, the pedicels 1.5 to 2.5 cm.
long, viscid-hirtellous and sparsely hirsute; calyx lobes about 1 em. long,
linear or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, cuspidate-attenuate; corolla about 1 cm.
long, hirtellous outside, the lobes ovate-oblong, subacute, hirtellous within;
outer corona fleshy, rugose, the scales of the inner corona large and very
thick, abruptly contracted at about the middle, the upper portion broadly
rounded.
7. METASTELMA R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 52. 1809.
Slender vines, herbaceous or suffrutescent ; leaves small; cymes umbelliform,
sessile or short-pedunculate, the flowers very small, whitish; calyx 5-lobate,
usually minutely glandular within; corolla campanulate or subrotate, deeply
5-lobate, the lobes valvate, usually papillose or villous within; corona scales
membranaceous, ovate to linear; stigma plane or apiculate; follicles terete,
smooth.
Corolla lobes merely puberulent within.
Leaves*subcordate fatbase 2a. 220 ee Se Bao 1. M. subcordatum.
Leaves obtuse or acute at base.
Calyx “lobes: subulates 228 Seb s _.08 Nets _____2. M. schaffneri.
Calyx lobes ovate, obtuse.
Corolla lobes linear, glabrous within or nearly so______3. M. cuneatum.
Corolla lobes oblong, densely puberulent within.
Wmbels’ long-pedunculates-=— —— = == = a 4. M. macropodum.
Wmbelsisessilevorwnearly, SoLS:- 420 ee 5. M. palmeri.
79688—24—_22
1174 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Corolla lobes villous or barbate within.
Gynostegium distinctly stalked, the column about as long as the anthers.
Teaves Janee-lineats2 22-2 26 ss ee ee 6. M. multiflorum.
Leaves lance-oblong to oval.
Wnibels sessile orinearly so=- 25222" 2 ee ee 7. M. schlechtendahlii.
imbels pedunculate- = 2s es ee 8. M. pedunculare.
Gynostegium sessile or short-stipitate.
Corolla lobes linear.
Calyxolobes' acuminatets: seus ete hs SM eee 9. M. watsonianum.
Calyx lobes ODimSec ese tbe 10 eg DS Ek US eee 10. M. barbigerum.
Corolla lobes oblong or ovate.
Corona. Seales lanceglate 222s ss soe eee 11. M. lanceolatum.
Corona scales linear or subulate.
lowers 4:5 mm: long orviess 222s eae 12. M. latifolium.
Flowers 2 to 4 mm. long.
Corona scales much exceeding the gynostegium____18. M. pringlei.
Corona scales about equaling the gynostegium____14, M. chiapense.
1. Metastelma subcordatum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 33. pl. 18. 1844.
Type from Magdalena Bay, Baja California.
Slender vine, fruticose below, glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate-
mucronate; umbels subsessile, the pedicels glabrous; corolla lobes ovate; co-
rona scales lanceolate, acutish, slightly longer than the sessile gynostegium.
2. Metastelma schaffneri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 396. 1886.
Type collected near San Luis Potosi.
Stems glabrous; leaves lanceolate, obtuse at base; corolla lobes oblong-ovate ;
eorona scales linear-subulate, exceeding the gynostegium.
8. Metastelma cuneatum T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 216. 1905.
Type collected at Yerba Buena, near Altata, Sinaloa.
Stems very slender, bifariously puberulent; leaves lanceolate, 1.5 to 3 cm.
long, acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base; nearly glabrous; umbels 4 to 9-
flowered, subsessile; corolla 2 mm. long, the lobes acute; corona scales minute.
4. Metastelma macropodum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 481. 1898.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca, altitude 1,540
meters.
Stems slender, bifariously puberulent; leaves oblong-linear or linear-lanceo-
late, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, acute, obtuse at base, glabrous or nearly so; peduncles
8 to 18 mm. long; corolla 3 to 4 mm. long, yellowish white; corona scales:
about equaling the gynostegium.
5. Metastelma palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 115. 1883.
Coahuila and San Luis Potosi. Western Texas; type from Laredo.
Stems suffrutescent, slender; leaves linear-lanceolate or oblong-linear, 1 to
3 em. long, acute, obtuse or acute at base, nearly glabrous; corolla about 2
mm. long; corona scales lanceolate, acuminate, slightly exceeding the gyno-
stegium; follicles about 4.5 em. long.
6. Metastelma multiflorum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 158. 1890.
Jalisco to Morelos and Oaxaca; type collected near Guadalajara.
Stems glabrous or nearly so, suffrutescent below; leaves 1 to 3.5 cm. long,
attenuate, obtuse at base, the upper ones much reduced; umbels sessile ; flowers:
about 2 mm. long; calyx lobes acute or acuminate; corona lobes linear-lanceo-
late, exceeding the stigma.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1175
7. Metastelma schlechtendahlii Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 513. 1844.
Metastelma parviflorum Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 731. 1831. Not M. parviflorum
R. Br. 1809.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Yucatén; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Vera-
cruz.
Stems slender, suffrutescent below, hirtellous or glabrate; leaves mostly ob-~
long-ovate or oval, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse and mucronate, rounded or sub-
cordate at base, glabrate; flowers about 3 mm. long; calyx lobes obtuse; co-
rona scales linear-subulate, exceeding the gynostegium.
8. Metastelma pedunculare Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 514. 1844.
Oaxaca. Guatemala and El Salvador; type from Cuesta de Pinula, Guate-
mala.
Stems bifariously puberulent; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate to
oval, 1.5 to 3 em. long, acute or mucronate, rounded or subcordate at base,
nearly glabrous; flowers 2 to 3 mm. long, sweet-scented; corona scales ligulate.
“ Cuchamperrito,” “ cuchamper de zope,” ‘ojo de pescado” (EI Salvador).
9. Metastelma watsonianum Standl.
Metastelma albiflorum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 60. 1889. Not M.
albiflorum Griseb. 1861.
Type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Stems puberulent or glabrate; leaves oblong or oblong-linear, 1 to 2 cm.
long, acute or obtuse and mucronate; flowers white, about 4 mm. long; corona
seales exceeding the anthers.
10. Metastelma barbigerum Scheele, Linnaea 21: 760. 1848.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and Tamaulipas. Western Texas.
Stems puberulent or glabrate; leaves petiolate, lance-oblong to oval, 1 to 3
cm. long, acute at apex or rounded and apiculate, broadly rounded at base;
umbels sessile or short-pedunculate; flowers 4 to 5 mm. long, white, sweet-
scented; corona scales subulate. ‘ Talayote” (Tamaulipas).
11. Metastelma lanceolatum Schlechter, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 6: 840. 1906.
Guerrero to San Luis Potosi and Chiapas; type from Zoquitlin. Distrito
de Tlacolula, Oaxaca.
Stems puberulent or glabrate, woody below; leaves lanceolate to oblong
or lance-linear, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, acute or obtuse, puberulent or glabrate;
cymes few-flowered, sessile or nearly so; corolla 2 mm. long; follicles 6 em.
long. i
12. Metastelma latifolium Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 106. 1891.
Type from Alamos, Sonora.
Woody vine, the stems glabrous or nearly so; leaves oblong or lance-oblong,
1 to 2.5 em. long, acute to rounded at apex, mucronate, obtuse or rounded
at base, puberulent above; umbels sessile or short-pedunculate.
13. Metastelma pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 396. 1886.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Durango; Baja California (?); type from
Chihuahua.
Stems slender, fruticose below, glabrous or nearly so; leaves linear or
lance-linear, 1 to 3 cm. long, acute or obtuse, obtuse at base; umbels sessile
or nearly so; calyx lobes obtuse; follicles 5 em. long.
14. Metastelma chiapense A. Gray, Proce. Amer. Acad. 21: 397. 1886.
?Metastelma selerianum Schlechter, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 6: 841. 1906.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Chiapas.
1176 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stems glabrous or nearly so; leaves linear, 1 to 5 cm. long, acute; umbels
sessile, 3 to 6-flowered; calyx lobes obtuse.
Reported by Hemsley as M. cubense Decaisne.
8. BLEPHARODON Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 603. 1844.
1. Blepharodon mucronatum (Schlecht.) Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 603. 1844.
Astephanus mucronatus Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 518. 18338.
Philibertia anomala T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 277. 1912.
Blepharodon anomalum Schlechter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 283. 1914.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz to Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Hacienda
de la Laguna, Veracruz. Central America.
Glabrous vine, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves short-petiolate, oblong
to elliptic, 2.5 to 7.5 em. long, cuspidate, obtuse or rounded at base, pale
beneath and with conspicuous venation, leathery; cymes pedunculate, umbel-
like, the pedicels filiform; corolla rotate, about 1 cm. broad, the lobes lance-
oblong, obtuse, glabrous outside, papillose within above, ciliate; corona lobes
oval, obtuse, shorter than the gynostegium.
9. BASISTELMA Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 631. 1909.
Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves linear or nearly so,
short-petiolate ; flowers small, axillary, solitary or in few-flowered cymes; calyx
5-lobate, the lobes narrow, acute; corolla campanulate, the lobes pilose within
below the middle, dextrorsely contorted; corona lobes fleshy, lanceolate or
triangular-subulate; pollinia pendulous; stigma produced into a cylindric beak.
Only the two following species are known.
Beak of stigma short; anther appendages recurved____-- al, Bo mexicanum,
Beak of stigma elongate; anther appendages not recurved_2. B. angustifolium.
1. Basistelma mexicanum (T. 8. Brandeg.) Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44:
632. 1909.
Melinia mexicana T. 8S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 216. 1905.
Type from Cerro Colorado, Sinaloa.
Stems slender, sparsely pubescent; leaves narrowly linear, 2.5 cm. long;
peduncles about 4-flowered, 3 mm. long; corolla 2.5 mm. long, the lobes linear;
follicles 4 cm. long, 7 mm. thick, glabrous.
2. Basistelma angustifolium (Torr.) Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 632.
1909.
Metastelma angustifolium Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 159. 1859.
Melinia angustifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 73. 1877.
Pattalias angustifolius S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 60. 1889.
Sonora; type from Santa Cruz. Southern Arizona.
Stems slender, glabrous or nearly so; leaves 2 to 4 em. long, acute; peduncles
1 to 3-flowered, very short, the pedicels mostly shorter than the flowers; .
corolla 2.5 mm. long; follicles about 5 cm. long and 6 mm. thick, glabrous.
10. CYNANCHUM L. Sp. Pl. 212. 1753.
Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent, glabrous or pubescent; leaves
petiolate or sessile; flowers small, in umbelliform cymes, yellowish green;
calyx 5-parted, often glandular, the lobes acute or obtuse; corolla campanulate-
rotate, the lobes contorted; corona attached to the stamen tube, shallowly lo-
bate; pollinia pendulous; stigma conic; follicles smooth.
_—
STANDLEY— TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. LV
Leaves sessile.
Corolla S nmr long =e? ) 247) 4. es ea 2 ee (Gy penineulare:
Corolla- 3mm: long =. Meet hi siren Bn hy Seen bes Ba tt 2. C. palmeri.
Leaves distinctly petiolate.
Leaves linear or lance-linear, 5 mm. wide or less____________ 3. C. kunthii.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate, mostly 10 to 35 mm. wide.
Mowers: about <3) mmx longs = +e et ty 4. C. astephanoides.
Mlowers,«1.5: mm: Jong, om) dess=_ 42-2. ah ete Seat 5. C. sepium.
1. Cynanchum peninsulare Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 83..1917.
Type from the west coast of the Cape Region, Baja California.
Stems pubescent at the nodes; leaves linear, 3 to 8 cm. long, sparsely ap-
pressed-pubescent on the margins; umbels 2 to 7-flowered, subsessile, the pedi-
cels 2 mm. long; corolla glabrous or nearly so; follicles glabrous, about 10 cm.
long.
2. Cynanchum palmeri (S. Wats.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 83. 1917.
Pattalias palmeri S. Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 24: 60. 1889.
Type from Mulejé, Baja California.
Stems sparsely puberulent or glabrate; leaves linear, 1.5 to 5 cm. long,
acute; umbels 2 to 6-flowered, sessile, the pedicels 2 to 3 mm. long; flowers
yellow ; follicles about 10 cm. long and 6 mm. thick.
3. Cynanchum kunthii (Decaisne) Standl.
Cynanchum lanceolatum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 203. 1819. Not C.
lanceolatum Poir. 1811.
Orthosia kunthii Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 527. 1844.
Metastelma angustifolium Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 18522: 315. 1852.
Vincetoxicum kunthii Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 328. 1881.
Vincetoricum mexicanum §. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 115. 1888.
Chihuahua to Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Durango. Type locality given doubt-
fully as “ Nova Andalusia ’”’ (Venezuela), but this probably is incorrect.
Very slender vine, chiefly herbaceous, the stems bifariously puberulent or
glabrous; leaves 1 to 5 cm. long, acute, glabrate; umbels few-flowered, sessile
or short-pedunculate, the flowers about 2 mm. long; follicles slender, about
5.5 em. long.
4. Cynanchum astephanoides (A. Gray) Standl.
Vincetoxicum astephanoides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 435. 1887.
Type from barranca near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Coarse woody vine; leaves long-petiolate, ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to 7.5 em.
long, acuminate, thin, puberulent; umbels short-pedunculate, several-flowered ;
corolla white, the lobes hairy within.
5. Cynanchum sepium (Decaisne) Standl.
‘Vincetoxicum sepium Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 526. 1844.
Type from mountains of Oaxaca; reported from Hidalgo. Guatemala.
Slender woody vine, the branches sparsely puberulent; leaves lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at base, thin, sparsely
puberulent above; umbels pedunculate or subsessile, 4 to 6-flowered.
11. MELLICHAMPIA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 437. 1887.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Mellichampia ligulata (Benth.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 425. 1899.
Enslenia ligulata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 290. 1848.
Mellichampia rubescens A. Gray, Proce. Amer. Acad. 22: 437. 1887.
1178 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Roulinia sinaloensis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 243. 1908.
Roulinia ligulata Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 111. 1910.
Sinaloa to Michoacin; type from Aguascalientes.
Slender vine, chiefly herbaceous, the stems glabrous or nearly so; leaves
long-petiolate, ovate-cordate, 5 to 8.5 ecm. long, acuminate, deepiy cordate at
base, thin, puberulent beneath along the nerves; cymes raceme-like or umbel-
like, few-flowered; calyx lobes linear; corolla campanulate, 12 to 15 mm.
long, purple, glabrous outside, pubescent within, the lobes lance-linear, re-
curved above; corona simple, .tubular, the lobes ovate, caudate-attenuate,
nearly equaling the corolla.
12. OXYPETALUM R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soe. 1: 41. 1809.
1. Oxypetalum cordifolium (Vent.) Schlechter in Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 269.
1899.
Gothofreda cordifolia Vent. Choix Pl. Cels. 7. pl. 60. 1808.
Oxypetalum riparium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 197. 1819.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. West Indies; Central and South
America.
Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves long-petiolate, ovate-
cordate, 6 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, deeply cordate at base, pubescent ; cymes
few-flowered, pedunculate, shorter than the leaves, the pedicels filiform; calyx
lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla lobes narrowly linear, about 2 cm. long, pu-
berulent; corona lobes oblong-ligulate, truncate.
13. ROULINIELLA Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 662. 1902.
REFERENCE: Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 662-668. 1902.
Plants scandent, herbaceous or fruticose, glabrous or puberulent; leaves
cordate, long-petiolate, thin; cymes racémiform, the flowers whitish or green-
ish; calyx 5-parted, glandular within; corolla subrotate, the lobes contorted
or subvalvate; corona scales connected by a membranceous ring, erect, acumi-
nate or caudate; follicles smooth.
Corona seales not exceeding the stigma DESTRESS Saket 2 ENTS TS 1. R. unifaria.
Corona scales much exceeding the stigma.
OSS LODO SC eee eee ee ee 2. R. palmeri.
Buds ovoid, pointed.
Corona scales gradually narrowed into the terminal ligule__3. R. lignosa.
Corona seales abruptly contracted into the terminal ligule-__4. R. foetida.
1. Rouliniella unifaria (Scheele) Vail, Bull. Torrey Glub 29: 663. 1902.
Gonolobus unifarius Scheele, Linnaea 21: 760. 1848.
Roulinia unifaria Engelm.; Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 160. 1850.
Cynanchum racemosum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 331. 1920.
Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz. Western Texas; type from New
Braunfels.
Stems slender, chiefly herbaceous, glabrous or nearly so; leaves deltoid to
broadly ovate-cordate, 2.5 to 7 cm. long, acuminate, usually deeply cordate
at base, glabrous; inflorescence equaling or exceeding the leaves, 7 to 12-
flowered; buds globose; corolla white, 4 to 6 mm. long; corona scales obscurely
8-lobate; follicles 6 cm. long. “'Talayote” (Tamaulipas).
2. Rouliniella palmeri (S. Wats.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 664. 1902.
Roulinia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 115. 1883.
Coahuila ; type from mountains northeast of Monclova.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1179
Stems bifariously puberulent or glabrous; leaves deltoid-cordate, 3 to 8
em. long, acute or acuminate, glabrous; peduncles equaling or shorter than
the leaves, 5 to 9-flowered; corolla greenish white; follicles 5 to 10 cm. long.
3. Rouliniella lignosa Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 666. f. 5. 1902.
Jalisco to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from ‘Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Stems glabrous or nearly so, often fruticose; leaves ovate-cordate or deltoid-
cordate, 3.5 to 8.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, truncate to deeply cordate at
base, glabrous or nearly so; peduncles equaling or shorter than the leaves,
few-flowered; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long; follicles about 9 cm. long.
4. Rouliniella foetida (Cay.) Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 29: 667. 1902.
Asclepias foetida Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 45. pl. 158. 1793.
Roulinia jacquini Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 517. 1844.
Rouliniella jaliscana Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 2S: 668. f. 7. 1902.
Jalisco to Oaxaca and Yucatan.
Stems bifariously puberulent or glabrous; leaves ovate-cordate, 3 to 12 cm.
jong, acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate, deeply cordate at base, glabrous;
peduncles equaling or shorter than the leaves, with 9 to 12 or more flowers;
corolla 4 to 7 mm. long, greenish white.
14. NEPHRADENTIA Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 604. 1844.
1. Nephradenia neriifolia (Decaisne) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr.
Amer. Bot. 2: 336. 1882.
Blepharodon neriifolium Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 604. 1844.
Oaxaca; type from Totontepec. Guatemala. ,
Glabrous erect shrub; leaves short-petiolate, linear-lanceolate, 8 to 14 em.
long, 1 to 8 cm. wide, long-acuminate, acute at base; umbels few-flowered,
axillary, short-pedunculate; calyx lobes ovate or suborbicular, ciliate; corolla
campanulate, brownish, about 1 cm. broad, the lobes obtuse; corona scales
laterally compressed.
15. MARSDENTA R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 28. 1809.
REFERENCE: Rothe, Uber die Gattung Marsdenia R. Br. und die Stamm
pflanze der Condurangorinde, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: 354-434. 1915.
Plants scandent, usually fruticose or suffrutescent; flowers small or of med-
ium size, in umbelliform cymes; calyx 5-parted, glandular within, the segments
acute or obtuse; corolla campanulate, the throat usually villous, the lobes con-
torted, appendages sometimes present in the sinuses of the lobes; corona scales
5, adnate to the stamen tube; stigma depressed or rostrate; follicles thick,
usually smooth.
Marsdenia cundurango Reichenb. f., of Peru and Ecuador, furnishes “ cun-
durango” or ‘‘condorango” bark, which has been employed in the treatment
of syphilitic affections. In Ecuador it is considered a remedy for snake bites,
there being a popular belief that the condor eats the leaves to cure itself of
wounds and snake bites, hence the name “ condorango” or ‘ condor-vine.”
Leaves glabrous beneath except sometimes along the costa, rarely with a few
hairs over the surface when very young.
Beaves foplong, 0 mm: wide Or less2e—= = ene a ae 1. M. parvifolia.
Leaves mostly ovate to oval, 1.5 to 6 em. wide or larger.
Lobes of the corolla nearly twice as long as the tube______ 2. M. pringlei.
1180 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Lobes little if at all exceeding the corolla tube.
Corolla throat densely barbate; leaves often acute or decurrent at base.
8. M. edulis.
Corolla throat very sparsely or not at all barbate; leaves rounded or
subcordate at base.
Stamen seales exceeding the apical membrane of the anther.
4. M. zimapanica.
Stamen scales shorter than the membrane____--__ 5. M. macrophylla.
Leaves pubescent beneath, usually densely so, even at maturity.
Leaves acute or acutish at base.
Beak of the stigma about 1.5 mm. long; corolla greenish, with purple
Spots Vand (Stripes sek Sask a ae es Se eee 6. M. trivirgulata.
Beak about 0.7 mm. long; corolla purplish, striped with yellowish green.
7. M. peraffinis.
Leaves rounded or cordate at base.
Leaves soon glabrous on the upper surface_______---__ 8. M. propinqua.
Leaves densely pubescent on the upper surface even in age.
Corolla glabrous outside.
Stigma Obtuses 262 =. ese ee eee ee Nk SS. 9. M. bourgeana.
Stigma, poimted.o. = Sie 2s ee as ee ee Eee 10. M. coulteri.
Corolla sparsely or densely pubescent outside.
Corolla with appendages in the sinuses of the lobes; calyx lobes
linear. Seute 22. = ee 2 a ees 11. M. gilgiana.
Corolla not appendaged; calyx lobes ovate, obtuse__12. M. mexicana.
1. Marsdenia parvifolia T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 235. 1906.
Puebla and Oaxaca.
Stems slender, fruticose, puberulent or glabrate; leaves short-petiolate, 8 to
15 mm. long, obtuse or subacute, rounded at base; corolla lobes oblong, obtuse ;
style elongate.
2. Marsdenia pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 158. 1890.
Nuevo Leon; type collected in the Sierra de la Silla, near Monterrey.
Woody vine; leaves slender-petiolate, oval to ovate-elliptic, 5 to 11 cm.
long, abruptly acuminate, thin, glabrous; umbels few or many-flowered, the
pedicels 3 to 8 mm. long; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla white, 7 to 10 mm. long,
glabrous.
8. Marsdenia edulis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 61. 1889.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Stems woody, the larger ones with corky bark; leaves slender-petiolate,
lance-ovate to oval, 4 to 13 cm. long, acuminate; umbels many-flowered, sub-
sessile; calyx lobes obtuse, ciliate; corolla cream-colored, about 5 mm, long;
fruit ovoid, smooth, 6.5 to 10 eni. long. ‘“ Talayote”’ (Sonora).
The young fruit is eaten. One specimen from Sinaloa has the leaves mi-
nutely pubescent beneath and may represent a distinct species.
4, Marsdenia zimapanica Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 338. 1882.
Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Zimapan, Hidalgo.
Woody vine, glabrous or nearly so, the leaves sometimes pilose when young;
leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong to oval, acuminate; umbels sessile or nearly
so, the flowers 8 to 10 mm. long; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla glabrous outside ;
stigma pointed.
According to Flores, the plant is known in Hidalgo as “tequampatli” or
“tecuampatli,” and the root is mixed with meat and used to poison coyotes.
The names may, however, apply rather to some. other plant.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1181
5. Marsdenia macrophylla (Hcemb. & Bonpl.) Fourn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 64:
821. 1885.
Asclepias macrophylla Humb. & Bonpl.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 6: S86.
1820.
Marsdenia maculata Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 4299. 1847.
Jalisco to Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Yucatéin. Lesser Antilles, Cen-
tral America, and northern South America; type from Venezuela.
Woody vine, nearly glabrous; leaves ovate to elliptic or oval, 7 to 14 cm.
long, acute or acuminate, often subcordate at base, pale beneath; cymes many-
fiowered, short-pedunculate, calyx lobes obtuse; corolla yellowish, 5 to 6 mm.
long. ‘“ Talayote” (Tamaulipas).
6. Marsdenia trivirgulata Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 652. 1909.
Type from Iguala Canyon, Guerrero, altitude 900 meters.
Stems slender, suffruticose, bifariously puberulent; leaves slender-petiolate,
elliptic, 2.5 to 5 em. long, acuminate, puberulent; cymes subsessile, few-
flowered; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla 6 mm. long.
7. Marsdenia peraffinis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 48. 1918.
Guerrero and perhaps Michoacin; type from Baqueta, altitude 150 meters.
Stems woody, when young sparsely hispidulous; leaves ovate or elliptic,
3 to 6.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, puberulent; cymes 8 to 15-flowered,
sessile or nearly so; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla about 5 mm. long, glabrous
outside.
8. Marsdenia propinqua Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 337. 1882.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from the region of Orizaba.
Woody vine; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate to rounded-elliptic, 8 to 17 cm.
long, acuminate or abruptly short-pointed, tomentose beneath; cymes very
dense, many-flowered, short-pedunculate; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla 7 to 8
mm. long, red, pubescent outside; follicles 11 to 15 em. long, smooth.
9. Marsdenia bourgeana (Baill.) Rothe, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: 408. 1915.
Pseudomarsdenia bourgeana Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 268. 1890.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de Cuspango.
Woody vine; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 7 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or
truncate at base, densely pubescent; cymes branched, many-flowered; calyx
lobes obtuse or acute; corolla barbate within; fruit ovoid, woody.
10. Marsdenia coulteri Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 336. 1882.
Marsdenia selerorum Woesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 557. 1894.
Coahuila to Veracruz, Yucatéin, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Zimapan,
Hidalgo.
Coarse woody vine; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate-oblong to broadly ovate
or rounded-deltoid, 3 to 7.5 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, densely pubescent ;
cymes dense, many-flowered short-pedunculate; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla
whitish, about 8 mm. long; fruit 6 to 18 em. long, smooth, glabrous.
“Talayote” (Tamaulipas).
11. Marsdenia gilgiana Rothe, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 52: 410. 1915.
Ecliptostelma molle T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 371. 1917.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan. Guatemala.
Seandent shrub, the young stems densely pilose; leaves ovate to rounded-
ovate, 9 to 15 cm. long, obtuse to short-acuminate, densely pilosulous, or
1182 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
tomentose beneath; cymes pedunculate, lax, many-flowered, repeatedly dicho-
tomous; flowers about 5 mm. long.
12. Marsdenia mexicana Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 617. 1844.
Guerrero, Oaxaca, Morelos, and Mexico; type from Tlacolula, Oaxaca. —
Large woody vine; leaves broadly cordate, 8 to 16 cm. long, acute or short-
acuminate, tomentose beneath, densely pubescent above; cymes pedunculate,
many-flowered, repeatedly branched; corolla about 4 mm. long; follicles 7 to
9 em. long, densely pilose.
16. TRICHOSACME Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 4*: 11. 1845.
A single species is known.
1. Trichosacme lanata Zuec. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Miinchen 42: 11. 1845.
Described from Mexico.
Seandent shrub, densely white-lanate throughout except on the corolla;
leaves ovate-cordate, acute or acuminate, petiolate; umbels axillary, dense,
pedunculate, recurved; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla rotate, brown-
purple, the lobes ovate, bearing at the apex a long filiform drooping barbate
appendage, this much longer than the lobes; corona annular; follicles cylin-
drie, tomentose.
17. LACHNOSTOMA H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 3: 198. 1819.
1. Lachnostoma gonoloboides Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 84. 1903.
Type collected near Seven Star Mine, in the Sierra Madre of Chihuahua,
altitude 2,400 meters.
Stems twining, chiefly herbaceous, densely pubescent; leaves long-petiolate,
oblong-hastate, 5 to 9.5 em. long, short-acuminate, cordate at base, thinly hir-
tellous; umbels short-pedunculate, mostly 2 to 4-flowered, the pedicels 2 to 8
em. long; calyx lobes oblong-lanceolate; corolla white, narrowly campanulate,
1.5 to 2 em. long, the lobes erect, acute; crown crenate.
18. MICRODACTYLON T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 252. 1909.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Microdactylon ovatum T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 252. 1909.
Type from Barranca de Tlacuilosto, near San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Stems fruiticose, scandent, hirsute and hirtellous; leaves slender-petiolate,
ovate-cordate or oblong-ovate, 3 to 7 cm. long, rounded to acuminate at apex,
pubescent; cymes racemiform, long-pedunculate; calyx lobes lanceolate; co-
rolla purple-black, shallowly campanulate, about 2 cm. broad, hirtellous out-
side, long-hirsute within, the lobes deltoid-ovate, obtuse; corona adnate to the
stamen tube, the scales unguiculate, divided above the middle into 2 long
liguliform lobes, also with 2 shorter interior lobes.
19. DICTYANTHUS Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 604. 1844.
Plants scandent or suberect, hérbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves cordate;
cymes few-flowered, racemiform or reduced to a single flower; flowers large,
the corolla reticulate-veined; calyx 5-parted, glandular within, the lobes nar-
row; corolla broadly campanulate, the lobes spreading; corona scales attached
to the base of the stamen tube and radiating from it, adnate dorsally to the
corolla.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1183
Corolla lobes broadly ovate, obtuse or acutish, the margins not revolute.
1. D. stapeliaefiorus.
Corolla lobes deltoid to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, the margins revolute.
Throat of the corolla vertically striped, not reticulate or reticulate only
at base.
Corolla (abouts13 smmi lon cee ee es 2. D. tuberosus.
Corolla 62:5) tO Fae Cll sl OMG eeee cee ee Eira eee 3. D. pavonii.
Throat of corolla reticulate or with horizontal stripes.
Corollaylesse thang omemas ONG se ae ee 4. D. parviflorus.
Corolla 2 to 5 cm. long.
Corolla throat horizontally striped________________ 5. D. tigrinus.
Corolla throat densely reticulate________________ 6. D. ceratopetalus.
1. Dictyanthus stapeliaeflorus Reichenb. Sel. Sem. Hort. Dresd. 4. 1850.
Type from the Sierra Madre of Durango; specimens from Guerrero probably
belong here.
Stems scandent, sparsely hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate or deltoid-cordate,
acute or acuminate; peduncles 1 or few-flowered; corolla 3.5 to 5 em. broad,
yellowish green, veined with purple, the veins of the lobes reticulate, those in
the upper part of the throat concentric and distinct.
2. Dictyanthus tuberosus Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 27: 180. 1892.
Jalisco; type from Guadalajara.
Stems suberect, suffrutescent, hirsute; leaves broadly cordate-ovate, 2 to 4
cm. long, acute or acuminate, pubescent ; umbels 1 to 4-flowered, sessile or short-
pedunculate; corolla campanulate, brown-purple; follicles about 5 em. long,
armed with short stout spines.
3. Dictyanthus pavonii Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 605. 1844.
Tympananthe suberosa Hassk. Flora 30: 758. 1847.
Dictyanthus campanulatus Reichenb. Sel. Sem. Hort. Dresd. 4. 1850.
Rytidoloma reticulatum Turez. Bull. Soe. Nat. Moscou 252: 320. 1852.
Dictyanthus reticulatus Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
329. 1882.
Sinaloa to Jalisco and Morelos.
Stems scandent, hirsutulous or glabrate; leaves long-petiolate, ovate-cordate,
often broadly so, 5 to 12 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, minutely pilose; cymes
racemiform, 1 to few-flowered; corolla 4 to 7 cm. wide, broadly campanulate,
the lobes reticulate-veined with brown-purple.
4. Dictyanthus parviflorus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 829. 1882.
Dictyanthus prostratus T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 329. 1920.
Morelos and Veracruz; type probably from Cuernavaca. El Salvador.
Stems suberect or scandent, suffrutescent below, hirsute; leaves ovate-
cordate, often broadly so, 1 to 3.5 em. long, acute, deeply cordate at base,
pubescent; flowers mostly solitary, short-pedicellate; corolla 1 to 2 cm.
broad, brown-purple; follicles glabrate, tuberculate. ‘‘ Yulpate” (El Salvador).
5. Dictyanthus tigrinus Conzatti & Standl., sp. nov.
Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Laguna de Ojitlin, Distrito de Tuxtepec,
Oaxaca, altitude 350 meters (Conzatti 3760; U. S. Nat. Herb. 1014030).
Stems scandent, sparsely hirsutulous with recurved hairs; leaves long-
petiolate, ovate-cordate, 9 to 10 cm. long, 6 to 7 cm. wide, long-acuminate,
deeply cordate at base, minutely puberulent; peduncles 1 to 1.5 cm. long,
1 to 4-flowered; calyx lobes lanceolate or lance-oblong, 13 mm. long, long-
acuminate; corolla about 7 cm. broad, minutely puberulent, the lobes lance-
1184 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
linear, with recurved margins, closely brown-reticulate, the throat covered
with close concentric brown-purple stripes; lobes of the corona linear, 8 mm.
long; ovary glabrous.
6. Dictyanthus ceratopetalus Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 18: 208. 1893.
Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca. Guatemala and El Salvador; type from
plains of Santa Rosa, Guatemala.
Stems scandent, hirsute, woody below; leaves ovate-cordate, 2 to 7 cm. long,
acute, densely pubescent; cymes 1 or few-flowered, short-pedunculate; corolla
2.5 to 4.5 em. broad, brown-purple, closely reticulate throughout.
20. POLYSTEMMA Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 602. 1844.
Stems twining, suffrutescent below, hirsute; leaves long-petiolate, ovate-
cordate; cymes umbelliform, few-flowered; calyx 5-parted; corolla short-cam-
panulate or subrotate, the throat naked; corona adnate to the gynostegium,.
composed of 5 ligulate scales and 20 smaller filiform ones; stigma plane.
leaves withraclosed jhasalsinus--2 8225 25 “5 "= eee ee 1. P. viridiflora.
Leaves with a broad open shallow sinus.
Corolla*about S mm: long2<222 22-45-52 Se 2. P. scopulorum.
Corolla saAvoute 0 ws) Lomo a eae eee 3. P. rupestris.
1. Polystemma viridiflora Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 602. 1844.
Veracruz; type from Orizaba.
Leaves hirtellous; peduncles as long as the leaves, 3 or 4-flowered; corolla
green, puberulent.
2. Polystemma scopulorum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 189. 1915.
Type from San Gerénimo, Oaxaca.
Leaves ovate-cordate, 8 em. long or less, acuminate, sparsely hirsute; cymes
few-flowered, the peduncles about 2.5 cm. long; corolla rotate, reticulate;
larger corona scales narrowly oblong, tridentate at apex.
3. Polystemma rupestris T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 330. 1920.
Type from Barranca de Panoaya, Veracruz.
Leaves ovate-cordate, 5 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, sparsely hirsute; cymes
few-flowered, about as long as the leaves; corolla campanulate, reticulate
within, the lobes acute or acuminate; larger corona scales deeply trilobate,
the smaller ones filiform ; follicles smooth.
21. ROTHROCKIA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 295. 1885.
Plants scandent, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves long-petiolate, cordate ;
cymes pedunculate, umbelliform or racemiform; calyx 5-parted; corolla rotate,
the lobes narrow; corona simple, 5-lohate; stigma produced into a column; fol-
licles smooth.
The following are the only species known.
Corona lobes 2-dentate, not appendaged, with 2 short lateral teeth.
1. R. cordifolia.
Corona lobes with caudate lateral processes, or with long exterior filiform
appendages.
Corolla yellowish green; corona scales with lateral caudate processes about
A begat 000d 0 id) C0) 0 pee aR bade PRUE = ed Fp Ae SR IN 1d 2. R. umbellata.
Corolla purple-black; corona scales with exterior filiform appendages about
Ps 50) COU L)(0) 0 Mele i tat lec le lag Mss a as op dg ae ale ey a | 3..R. fruticosa.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1185
1. Rothrockia cordifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 295. 1885.
Baja California and Sonora. Southern Arizona; type from Santa Catalina
Mountains.
Stems usually suffrutescent, hirsute and puberulent; leaves broadly ovate-
cordate, 2 to 8 em. long, acute or acuminate, deeply cordate at base, pubescent;
inflorescence umbellate or racemiform, few-flowered; corolla greenish white, 8
to 12 mm. long, the lobes oblong. ‘‘ Talayote” (Baja California).
Brandegee reports that in Baja California the young pods are eaten raw.
2. Rothrockia umbellata T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 165. 1903.
Cape Region of Baja California.
Stems hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 3 to 8 em. long, acuminate, deeply cor-
date at base, hirsute and puberulent; cymes racemiform, 1 to 6-flowered ; corolla
3.5 cm. broad, the lobes ovate-oblong, papillose within; follicles 12 to 15 cm.
long, glabrous. .
3. Rothrockia fruticosa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 165. 1903.
Type collected near Santa Anita, Cape Region of Baja California.
" Stems fruticose below, hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 3 to 7 cm. long, acute
or acuminate, deeply cordate at base, pubescent; flowers solitary or umbellate,
the terminal pedicel 2 to 3.5 em. long; corolla lobes about 12 mm. long, narrowly
oblong ; follicles 15 em. long, glabrous.
-
22. VINCETOXICUM Walt. Fl. Carol. 104. 1788.
Plants usually scandent, fruticose or herbaceous; leaves mostly cordate;
flowers small or large, green, brown, or nearly black; calyx 5-parted, glandu-
lar within; corolla rotate, shallowly or deeply lobate, often reticulate-veined;
corona annular, adnate to the corolla, entire, dentate, or lobate; stigma de-
pressed; follicles smooth or muricate; seeds usually with an apical tuft of
hairs.
Besides the species listed below, several herbaceous ones, with erect or subs-
candent stems, occur in Mexico. Of a number of the species listed, no speci-
mens have been seen, and it may be, consequently, that some names are incor-
rectly placed in the key.
The following vernacular names are reported for plants of this genus:
“ Chimicuro” (Oaxaca); ‘ gueto de venado” (Oaxaca); ‘“tlalayote” (Oax-
aca). The name most commonly used is “talayote.” The young fruits are
eaten either raw or coked. Sweetmeats are sometimes made by boiling them
in sirup.
Corolla glabrous within.
Leaves mostly about 1 em. long____--_______- Sig Yaa 1. V. hastulatum.
Leaves mostly 3 em. long or larger.
Corollasabout, 3. mnt, lone ess See er eee eee 2. V. saepimentorum.
Corolla 5 mm. long or more.
Corolla lobes suborbicular, oval, or broadly deltoid.
Stems puberulent or glabrate.
Peduncles about as long as the petioles; corolla glabrous outside.
3. V. lutescens.
Peduncles usually more than twice as long as the petioles; corolla
pubernlent. ,outside.-22 = sss Fes 4. V. cavanillesii.
1186 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stems hirsute or hirtellous.
Leaves mostly lance-oblong, obtuse or rounded at base.
5. V. stenophyllum.
Leaves all or mostly ovate to oval, cordate at base.
Corolla glabrous outside.
Pedicels clabromge:! see) erie an ee i ee 6. V. littorale. _
FPedicels hivsntes2 24 tf 4 evi ine eee 7. V. diadematum.
Corolla variously pubescent outside.
Peduncles equaling or longer than the petioles.
Peduncles: 2 ‘or.2-flowered= 3s 8. V. tingens.
Peduncles several-flowered.
Corolla about: 4, em. (broag2 = 9. V. magnifolium.
Corolla 1 to 2.5 em. broad.
Corolla about 1 em. broad, the lobes longer than broad.
10. V. reticulatum.
Corolla 1.5 to 2.5 em. broad, the lobes about as broad
as ong 208.) blah Bie ee 11. V. velutinum.
Peduncles much shorter than the petioles.
Corolla yellowish green--_-~----------~ 12. V. suberiferum.
Corolla “brown-purples2o 24. oes Os 13. V. congestum.
Corolla lobes oblong-linear to lance-oblong.
leaves mostly acutesat base___---_ = 22. V. caudatum.
Leaves cordate at base.
Calyx nearly as long as the corolla_________-____ 14. V. triflorum.
Calyx much shorter than the corolla.
Corolla glabrous outside.
Corolla lobes ovate-oblong, fuscous_____-_--_~- 15. V. fuscum.
Corolla lobes lance-linear, pale--___--_-___--- 16. V. petiolare.
Corolla puberulent or papillose outside.
Calyx more than half as long as the corolla; stems puberulent.
17. V. fraternum.
Calyx half as long as the corolla or usually shorter; stems
usually hirsute or hirtellous.
Corolla green or yellowish.
Corolla lobes ovate-lanc@olate, long-acuminate.
18. V. striatum.
Corolla lobes oblong, obtuse_--_----~ 19. V. chrysanthum.
Corolla purple, brown-purple, or fuscous.
Cymes shorter than the petioles_____ 20. V. stenopetalum.
Cymes equaling or longer than the petioles.
Corolla lobes oblong-linear_______-__-__ 21. V. asperum.
Corolla lobes lance-oblong.
Lobes of the outer corona crenulate__27. V. crenatum.
Lobes of the outer corona lacerate-dentate.
26. V. pilosum.
Corolla papillose or variously pubescent within, at least in the throat.
iLeavesacute ‘or "decurrent/at bases=2 S22 Sn ae 22. V. caudatum.
Leaves all or mostly cordate at base.
Corolla merely papillose or puberulent within.
Corolla: Slabroussoutside 24s" ees 23. V. chloranthum.
Corolla puberulent or hirtellous outside.
Corolla lobes oval, abruptly short-acuminate, in bud overlapping for
about half their breadth22 22 2222s eee 24. V. macranthum,
ee ta a ae qn (te
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1187
Corolla lobes mostly oblong or lance-oblong, obtuse at the apex or
gradually attenuate, in bud only slightly overlapping.
Corollal-sreenish= =e see 2 ee eee ee 25. V. oaxacanum.
Corolla brown-purple or blackish.
Lobes of the outer corona lacerate-dentate_______ 26. V. pilosum.
Lobes of the outer corona crenulate or obscurely denticulate.
Corolla lobes conspicuously veined_____-____ 27. V. crenatum.
Corolla lobes without conspicuous venation__28. V. grayanum.
Sorolla barbate or pilose within, at least in the throat.
Corolla lobes oval or suborbicular, rounded. at apex____29. V. calcicola.
Corolla lobes narrow or, if broad, acute or acuminate.
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so.
Calyx about equaling the corolla. Leaves about as broad as
10 02 gee eee Peeve en ee ei PE ena, ree eS 30. V. cyclophyllum.
Calyx much shorter than the corolla.
Corolla lobes often barbate for their whole length with soft in-
[EEN el ESV ELEY po OS ef eel a ile el AA ar 31. V. barbatum.
Corolla barbate only at the base with short stiff hairs.
32. V. pectinatum.
Leaves pilose or hirtellous beneath, usually densely so.
Corolla™lobes linear! 2s se eee 33. V. angustilobum.
Corolla lobes lance-oblong or broader.
Corolla glabrous outside or nearly so__________ 34. V. uniflorum.
Corolla puberulent or hirtellous outside.
CorollaaZitoe2bwemilong se se eet ee ae 35. V. erianthum.
Corolla 1 em. long or less.
Peduncles much longer than the petioles, long-hirsute.
36. V. nigrescens.
Peduncles mostly shorter than the petioles, puberulent or
hirtellous.
Stems short-pilose or puberulent; leaves broadest near the
base.
Corolla) tO,2ucm DrOAds=== 2. aes 37. V. nemorosum.
CorollasG too, mm: broads sss ae 38. V. jaliscense.
Stems long-hirsute; leaves broadest above the middle.
39. V. xanthotrichum.
1. Vincetoxicum hastulatum (A. Gray) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 2. 1900.
Lachnostoma hastulatum A. Gray Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 87. 1876.
Gonolobus hastulatus A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 78. 1876.
Baja California; type from Tantillas Canyon.
Stems slender, chiefly herbaceous, finely pubescent; leaves hastate, slender-
petiolate, pubescent; flowers mostly solitary, short-pedicellate, whitish; corolla
lobes oblong-linear; follicles fusiform, 5 to 6 cm. long, smooth or with few
short tubercles.
2. Vincetoxicum saepimentorum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4:
381. 1913.
Type from Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz.
Stems glabrous or nearly so; leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 6 cm. long, acuminate,
glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence racemiform, equaling or longer than
the leaves; corolla lobes oblong, obtuse.
1188 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
3. Vincetoxicum lutescens Standl.
Gonolobus luteolus Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 593. 1844. Not Vincetoricum
luteolum Jord. & Fourr. 1866.
Type from Teapa, Tabasco.
Leaves ovate-cordate, short-acuminate or attenuate, sparsely short-pilose or
glabrate; flowers subracemose; sepals glabrous; corolla lobes ovate, acutish.
4. Vincetoxicum cavanillesii Standl.
Cynanchum nigrum Cay. Icon. Pl. 2: pl. 459, 1793. Not Vincetoxicum nigrum
Moench, 1794.
Gonolobus niger R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soe. 1: 35. 1809.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz.
Leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 7.5 em. long, acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate,
puberulent; inflorescence umbelliform, few-flowered, the flowers slender-pedi-
cellate; corolla blackish, the lobes obtuse, about 5 mm. long.
5. Vincetoxicum stenophyllum Standl.
Gonolobus lanceolatus Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 598. 1844. Not Vincetozri-
cum lanceolatum Iuntze, 1891.
Veracruz; type collected near the city of Veracruz.
Stems retrorse-pilose; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong or ovate-lanceolate,
5.5 to 8 em. long, acuminate, densely velutinous-pubescent; peduncles very
short, few-flowered; corolla about 2 cm. broad, the lobes rounded, green,
spotted with white.
6. Vincetoxicum littorale (Decaisne) Standl.
Gonolobus littoralis Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 596. 1844.
Type from sandhills near Veracruz.
Stems hirtellous and pilose; leaves cordate, attenuate at apex, sparsely
pilose above, more densely so beneath; peduncles shorter than the petioles,
few-flowered; corolla greenish, the lobes ovate-deltoid. °
7. Vincetoxicum diadematum (Edwards) Standl.
Gonolobus diadematus Edwards, Bot. Reg. 3: pl. 252. 1817.
Described from cultivated plants of Mexican origin; reported by Robinson
and Greenman’ from Tepic.
Stems fruticose, with corky bark, the young ones hirsute; leaves elliptic-
oblong, 5 to 7.5 em. long or larger, acuminate, cordate at base, hirsute; umbels
short-pedunculate, few-flowered; corolla greenish yellow; fruit 5-angulate.
8. Vincetoxicum tingens (Decaisne), Standl.
Gonolobus tingens Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 592. 1844.
Type from Zimapaén, Hidalgo.
Stems hirtellous; leaves ovate-cordate, acuminate, pubescent; peduncles
equaling the petioles; calyx lobes ovate, subotuse; corolla lobes ovate, obtuse,
velutinous outside, green and fuscous.
9. Vincetoxicum magnifolium (Pittier) Standl.
Gonolobus magnifolius Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 104. f. 13. 1910.
Oaxaca. Costa Rica; type from forests of Las Vueltas de Tucurrique.
Large woody vine, the stems hirtellous and puberulent; leaves rounded-cor-
date, 18 to 24 cm. long, acute or acuminate, densely pubescent; cymes few-
flowered; calyx lobes broadly elliptic, 10 to 14 mm. long, obtuse; corolla
brownish or greenish, the lobes rounded-oval, rounded at apex.
1Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 389. 1894.
q
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1189
10. Vincetoxicum reticulatum (Engelm.) Heller, Bot. Expl. Texas 79. 1895.
Gonolobus reticulatus Engelm.; A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 75. 1876.
Nuevo Leon and San J.uis Potosi; reported from Sonora. Western Texas
to southern Arizona.
Stems hirsute: leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 10 em. long, acuminate, hirsute ; um-
bels 5 to 9-flowered; corolla green, with purplish venation, the lobes obtuse;
follicles 7 to 12 em. long, muricate.
11. Vincetoxicum velutinum (Schiecht.) Standl.
Gonolobus velutinus Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 521. 1833.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Stems hirsute and puberulent; leaves rounded-cordate, 4.5 to 13.5 em. long,
rounded to short-acuminate at apex, velutinous; peduncles few-flowered, the
flowers greenish.
12. Vincetoxicum suberiferum (Robinson) Standl.
Gonolobus suberiferus Robinson, Proce. Amer. Acad. 27: 181. 1892.
Type from San José Pass, San Luis Potosi,
Stems woody, covered with pale yellowish corky bark, hirsute when young;
leaves ovate, 3.5 to 5 em. long, acuminate, pubescent; peduncles 1-flowered ;
corolla 3 em. broad, the lobes ovate, obtuse; follicles slender, smooth, 7.5 cm.
long or more.
13. Vincetoxicum congestum (Decaisne) Standl.
Gonolobus congestus Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 597. 1844.
Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca, altitude 1,500 meters.
Stems hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 11 cm. long, acute or acuminate,
pilose; cymes dense, few-flowered, subsessile; corolla about 1 cm. broad, the
lobes deltoid-ovate.
Gonolobus sidaefolius Mart. & Gal.,7 described from Veracruz, may be a
synonym.
14. Vincetoxicum triflorum (Mart. & Gal.) Standl.
Gonolobus triflorus Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 365. 1844.
Type from Pefioles, Mixteca Alta, Oaxaca, altitude 1,950 meters.
Stems pubescent; leaves cordate-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, pu-
bescent; peduncles 3-flowered, shorter than the petiole; corolla greenish, the
lobes ovate-lanceolate.
Perhaps a synonym of V. uniflorum.
15. Vincetoxicum fuscum (Decaisne) Standl.
Gonolobus fuscus Deeaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 592. 1844.
Type from Arumbaro, near Morelia, Michoacéin, altitude 1,050 meters.
Stems hirtellous; leaves ovate, attenuate at apex, appressed-pilose, or sub-
velutinous beneath; peduncles shorter than the leaves.
16. Vincetoxicum petiolare (A. Gray) Standl.
Gonolobus petiolaris A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 397. 1886.
Chihuahua and Sinaloa; type from Batopilas, Chihuahua.
Stems woody below, covered with corky bark, hirsute when young; leaves
ovate-cordate or oblong-cordate, 5 to 11 em. long, acuminate, pubescent; pe-
duncles few-flowered, equaling or shorter than the petioles; corolla about
13 mm. long; follicles slender, smooth, 18 em. long or less.
1Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 367. 1844.
1190 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
17. Vincetoxicum fraternum (Schlecht.) Stand.
Gonolobus fraternus Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 521. 1833.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Leaves oblong-ovate, 4 to 7 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, cordate at
base, with a broad sinus, glabrate above, pubescent beneath; peduncles shorter
than the petioles, few-flowered ; corolla 8 to 10 mm. long.
18. Vincetoxicum striatum (Mart. & Gal.) Standl.
Gonolobus striatus Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 365. 1844.
Type from El Sabino.
Stems pubescent-hirtous; leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, about 5 em. long,
pubescent; peduncles about 3-flowered, scarcely longer than the petioles; co-
rolla about 2.5 em. broad. s
19. Vincetoxicum chrysanthum (Greenm.) Standl.
Gonolobus chrysanthus Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 299. 1897.
Mexico, Morelos, Oaxaca, and Michoacin; type from Patzcuaro, Michoa-
can.
Stems hirsute and puberulent; leaves oblong-ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acumi-
nate, cordate at base, hirtellous or hirsute; peduncles loosely few-flowered,
equaling or shorter than the petioles; corolla 1.5 to 2.5 em. broad, yellow.
20. Vincetoxicum stenopetalum (A. Gray) Standl.
Gonolobus stenopetalus A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 398. 1886.
Chihuahua ; type collected near the city of Chihuahua.
Stems suberect, woody at base, hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 5 to 10 em.
long, acuminate, puberulent and hispidulous; corolla 8 to 12 mm. long; follicles
ovoid, muricate and hispidulous; seeds without coma.
21. Vincetoxicum asperum (Decaisne) Standl.
Gonolobus asper Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 595. 1844.
Gonolobus purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Uniy. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 387. 1909.
Oaxaca and Puebla; type from Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca.
Stems hirtellous; leaves cordate-ovate, obtuse to acuminate, rough above,
papillose beneath and sparsely hirsute; peduncles few-flowered; corolla 18 to
25 mm. long.
22. Vincetoxicum caudatum (A. Gray) Standl.
Gonolobus caudatus A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 399. 1886.
Gonolobus caudatus trachyanthus Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 482. 1898.
Chihuahua to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda San José, south of
Batopilas, Chihuahua.
Stems woody, erect, sparsely puberulent or glabrate; leaves slender-petiolate,
lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, glabrous or nearly so, 4 cm. long or less; pedun-
cles 1-flowered; corolla fuscous, 5 to 8 mm. long.
In the typical form the corolla is glabrous within; in G. caudatus trachy-
anthus it is granular-puberulent.
23. Vincetoxicum chloranthum (Schlecht.) Standl.
Gonolobus chloranthus Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 520. 1833.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Stems retrorse-pilose; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, shallowly cordate at
base, pubescent; peduncles shorter than the leaves, several-flowered; corolla
about twice as long as the calyx.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1191
24. Vincetoxicum macranthum (Kunze) Standl,
Gonolobus macranthus Kunze, Linnaea 20: 27. 1847.
Fischeria alta T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 276. 1912.
Nuevo Leén to Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Guatemala.
Stems densely pilosulous; leaves ovate-cordate or ovate-oblong, 5 to 9 cm.
long, acuminate, pubescent; peduncles 1 to 3-flowered; corolla about 3.5 em.
broad, greenish, reticulate-veined.
25. Vincetoxicum oaxacanum Standl.
fonolobus tristis Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 596. 1844. Not Vincetoxricum
triste Griseb. 1844.
Oaxaca; type from mountains of Oaxaca, altitude 2,100 meters.
Stems glandular-papillose and sparsely hirtellous; leaves ovate-cordate,
4.5 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, glandular-puberulent beneath and sparsely
hirtellous; corolla about 1 cm. long.
26. Vincetoxicum pilosum (Benth.) Standl.
Gonolobus pilosus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 289. 1848.
Jalisco to San Luis Potosi, Morelos, and Puebla; type from Leén, Guanajuato.
Stems pilosulous; leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, pubescent ;
peduncles few-flowered, equaling or longer than the petioles; corolla 1.5 to 2.5
em. long; follicles slender, smooth, about 10 cm. long. ‘“ Flor del muerto”
(Guanajuato, Dugés).
27. Vincetoxicum crenatum Vail, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 429. 1899.
Type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Stems retrorsely pilose; leaves cordate-ovate, 5 to 8 cm. long, acuminate,
papillose-puberulent ; peduncles few-flowered, longer than the petioles; corolla
13 to 14 mm. long.
28. Vincetoxicum grayanum Standl.
Gonolobus atratus A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 436. 1887. Not Vincetozi-
cum atratum Morr. & Decaisne, 1836.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Stems woody, hirsute when young; leaves oblong-ovate, 5 to 7 cm. long,
acuminate, cordate at base, viScid-puberulent beneath; peduncles few-flowered,
mostly longer than the petioles; corolla 3.5 to 4 em. broad, black.
29. Vincetoxicum calcicola (Greenm.) Standl.
Gonolobus calcicola Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 30. 1904.
Type from Jojutla, Morelos.
Stems woody below, hirtellous and pap‘llose-puberulent ; leaves ovate-cordate,
8 to 6 cm. long, acuminate, granular-puberulent beneath; peduncles few-
flowered, shorter than the petioles; corolla about 2 em. broad, brown-purple.
30. Vincetoxicum cyclophyllum Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Cafién de la Mano Negra, near Iguala, Guerrero (Rose, Painter €
Rose 9355; U. S. Nat. Herb. 452841).
Stems stout, glabrous, rising from a thick woody root; leaves long-petiolate,
reniform-cordate, 6 to 11.5 cm. long, 6 to 10 cm. wide, rounded at apex and
abruptly short-acuminate, deeply cordate at base, glabrous or sparsely puberu-
lent beneath near the base; cymes sessile, few-flowered, the flowers on stout
puberulent pedicels; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 10 to 14 mm. long, glabrous ;
corolla brown-purple, about 1 cm. long, the lobes deltoid-ovate, subacute, bar-
bate within; outer corona entire or nearly so.
1192 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
31. Vincetoxicum barbatum (H. B. K.) Standl.
Gonolobus barbatus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 209. pl. 239. 1819.
Gonolobus sororius A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 437. 1887.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Yucatéin; type from Campeche. Guatemala and EI
Salvador.
Stems puberulent or glabrate; leaves ovate-cordate or deltoid-cordate, 2 to
5.5 em. long, acuminate, with broad shallow sinus at base; cymes sessile or
short-pedunculate, the pedicels long and slender; corolla about 1 cm. long;
truit ovoid, 8 to 12 em. long, longitudinally winged, glabrous. ‘ Matacoyote,”
“cuchamper de zope” (El Salvador).
82. Vincetoxicum pectinatum (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Gonolobus pectinatus T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 387. 1909.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Stems puberulent and sparsely hirtellous or glabrate; leaves broadly ovate-
cordate, 3 to 6 em. long, short-acuminate; cymes short-pedunculate, few-
flowered, the pedicels long and slender; corolla greenish, about 13 mm. long;
fruit ovoid, about 9 cm. long, 5-winged.
33. Vincetoxicum angustilobum (Robins. & Greenm.) Standl.
Gonolobus angustilobus Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 388. 1894.
Type collected near Tepic.
Stems puberulent and hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 5 to 6 cm. long, acumi-
nate, pubescent beneath; peduncles shorter than the petioles, 1-flowered; calyx
lobes ovate, acute; corolla green, about 2.5 cm. broad.
84. Vincetoxicum uniflorum (H. B. K.) Standl.
Gonolobus uniflorus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 207. pl. 238. 1849.
Veracruz, Mexico, Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type collected near the city
of Mexico.
Stems puberulent and pilose: leaves ovate-cordate or oyate-oblong, 4 to 8
em. long, acuminate, pubescent ; peduncles shorter than the petioles, 1 or few-
flowered, the flowers long-pedicellate; corolla greenish, 3.5 to 4.5 cm. broad.
“Rosa verde” (Ramirez).
Gonolobus virescens Decaisne,’ described from Regla, Hidalgo, appears to
be closely related. é
35. Vincetoxicum erianthum (Decaisne) Standl.
Gonolobus erianthus Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 592. 1844.
Jalisco to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Stems retrorse-pilose or puberulent, woody below; leaves mostly oblong-
ovate, 4 to 11 cm. long, acuminate, cordate at base, pubescent ; peduncles short,
few-flowered; corolla greenish, reticulate-veined. ‘“Talayote,” “flor del
muerto” (Guanajuato, Dugés) ; “‘cachayumbo” (Oaxaca).
86. Vincetoxicum nigrescens (Schlecht.) Standl.
Gonolobus nigrescens Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 522. 1833.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Stems hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 4 to 10 cm. long, acute, velutinous;
peduncles slender, often longer than the leaves, hirsute, few-flowered ; corolla
blackish, about 8 mm. broad, long-pilose within.
837. Vincetoxicum nemorosum (Decaisne) Standl.
Gonolobus nemorosus Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 596. 1844.
Oaxaca; type from Mixteca Alta.
*In DC. Prodr. 8: 596. 1844.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1193
Branchlets retrorse-pilose or puberulent; leaves oblong-ovate or lance-oblong,
4 to 9 em. long, acuminate, sparsely or densely pubescent beneath; peduncles
short, few-flowered; corolla greenish, reticulate-veined; fruit ovoid, coarsely
muricate.
38. Vincetoxicum jaliscense (Robins. & Greenm.) Standl.
Gonolobus jaliscensis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 389. 1894.
Jalisco to Morelos; type from Guadalajara.
Stems retrorse-pubescent; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long,
acuminate, cordate or truncate at base, densely pubescent beneath; peduncles
very short, few-flowered; corolla yellowish green; follicles fusiform, striate.
39. Vincetoxicum xanthotrichum (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Gonolobus xanthotrichus T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 251. 1908.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Stems densely hirsute; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-obovate, 8 to 11 cm. long,
abruptly acuminate, rounded or shallowly cordate at base, hirsute; umbels
sessile or subsessile, the pedicels long and slender; corolla about 1 cm. long,
hirsute outside, barbate in the throat.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
GONOLOBUS ALTATENSIS T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 244. 1908. Type from Altata,
Sinaloa.
GONOLOBUS GRACILIS Decaisne in DC. Prodr. 8: 596. 1844. Type from Oaxaca.
GoNoLoBUS INCONSPICUUS T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 387. 1909.
Type from Puebla.
VINCETOXICUM ATROCORONATUM T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 372.
1917. Type from Barranca de las Pilas, Puebla.
VINCETOXICUM CHIAPENSE T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 190. 1915.
Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas.
VINCETOXICUM MEGACARPHUM T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 381.
1913. Type from Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz.
VINCETOXICUM PUEBLENSE T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 91. 1910.
Type from Puebla.
23. HIMANTOSTEMMA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 294. 1885.
A single species is known.
1. Himantostemma pringlei A. Gray; Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 294. 1885.
Baja California and Sonora; type collected south of Altar, Sonora.
Vine, woody below, the stems hirtellous; leaves long-petiolate, ovate-cordate
or deltoid cordate, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, acute, hirtellous and puberulent; peduncles
short, mostly 2-flowered; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla rotate, 7 to 8
mm. long, 5-parted, brown-purple, the lobes lanceolate, covered within with
numerous long linear-spatulate hairs; corona simple, of 10 long linear stipitate
seales and of 5 short ones; follicicles about 8 cm. long, 1.5 to 2 em. thick,
glabrous, covered with long spinelike appendages.
24. UROSTEPHANUS Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 159. 1895.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Urostephanus gonoloboides Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50:
159. 1895.
Type collected on hills near Oaxaca, altiude 1,800 meters.
Stems scandent, chiefly herbaceous, fulvous-hirsute; leaves ovate-cordate, 4
to 6.5 cm. long, acuminate, hirsute, slender-petiolate; cymes umbelliform, sub-
1194 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
sessile; calyx 5-parted, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, 4 mm. long; corolla rotate,
brown-purple or green, 10 to 12 mm. long, the lobes lance-oblong, pilose outside,
lanate in the throat; corona tubular, with 5 internal hornlike processes and
with 5 alternating external lobes, these each produced externally into 2 filiform
flexuous appendages; stigma depressed.
DOUBTFUL GENERA,
*
IRMISCHIA FLORIBUNDA Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 739. 1845. Type from tropical
Mexico.
MricrostELMA Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 286. 1891. The genus is said to consist
of two Mexican species, neither of which is given a name.
PACHYSTELMA CORDATUM T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 330. 1920.
T'ype from Acasonica, Veracruz.
STELMAGONUM HAHNIANUM Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 287. 1891. Type from Mexico.
TRICHOSTELMA CILIATUM Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 288. 1891. Type from Mexico.
142. CONVOLVULACEAE. Morning-glory Family.
Plants erect or scandent, woody or herbaceous; leaves alternate, simple or
‘digitately compound, often lobate, estipulate; flowers regular, perfect, usually
large and showy, commonly cymose; calyx inferior, 5-parted, the sepals free
or nearly so, strongly imbricate; corolla gamopetalous, funnelform, salver-
form, or campanulate, the limb 5-lobate, commonly induplicate-valvate ; stamens
5, inserted on the corolla tube; style simple or bifid, the stigma or stigmas
eapitate or bifid; fruit capsular, 2 to 5-celled, the cells 1 or 2-seeded.
Several genera of the family are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous
species.
Stylecbifid as. 4.22. t4500 i548. bet ete oe OE ee A weer eee 1. BREWERIA.
Style simple below the stigma.
Sepals small at first, in age accrescent and leaflike__________ 2. PORANA.
Sepals not accrescent or, if so, not becoming leaflike.
Stigma, with’ ;2.elonzate -lobes=.2.---2 at 3. JACQUEMONTIA.
Stigma entire or with 2 subglobose lobes.
Anthers spirally “twisted 2 en eee 4. OPERCULINA.
Anthers not twisted.
Stamens more or less exserted.
Corolla salverform, with broad limb, white or purple.
5. CALONYCTION.
Corolla tubular, with very narrow limb, usually red or yellow.
6. EXOGONIUM.
Stamens included.
Capsule dehiscent, usually with 2 or more seeds____7. IPOMOEA.
Capsule, indehiseent, » 1-seededsit= Sushi _ Dees 8. TURBINA.
1. BREWERIA R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 487. 1810.
Shrubs or herbs, scandent or erect ; leaves entire; cymes axillary or terminal,
or the flowers solitary; sepals subequal or the outer larger; corolla campanu-
late, the limb plicate, 5-angulate; ovary 2-celled, 4-ovulate; style bifid or the
stigmas 2 and distinct.
Higwers invceymestd. seer pincer oo eed BOOB AOS 1. B. sulphurea.
Flowers solitary.
Leaves linear-lanceolate; stems erect____________________ 2. B. multicaulis.
Leaves ovate or oval; stems prostrate______________- 3. B. ovalifolia.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1195
1. Breweria sulphurea T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 384. 1913.
Type from Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz.
Stems suffrutescent, scandent; leaves elliptic-oblong to oval-ovate, 4 to 7.5
em. long, rounded and mucronulate at apex, rounded at base, fulvous-tomentose
beneath, petiolate; flowers mostly long-pedicellate; sepals 1 to 1.5 cm. long;
eorolla 1.5 em. long, hirsute.
2. Breweria multicaulis T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 185. 1911.
Type from Sierra del Rey, Coahuila.
Stems stout, suffrutescent, densely white-tomentose; leaves sessile, 1 to 2.5
cm. long, acute or attenuate, acute at base, densely pubescent; flowers sub-
sessile; sepals 10 to 14 mm. long; corolla 3.5 cm. long, blue, hirsute.
8. Breweria ovalifolia (Torr.) A. Gray, Syn. FI. 21: 217. 1878.
Evolwulus ovalifolius Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 150. 1859.
Type collected along the Rio Grande below San Carlos, Coahuila.
Plant probably herbaceous, sericeous-canescent; leaves about 2.5 em. long,
subcordate at base; peduncles very short; capsule globose, 12 mm. in diameter.
2. PORANA Burm. FI. Ind. 51. 1768.
The other species are natives of the Old World.
1. Porana velutina (Mart. & Gal.) Hallier, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 16: 538. 1893.
Dufourea velutina Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122: 259. 1845.
Breweria mexicana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 400. 1882.
Morelos, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type collected near La Venta de Aragon, be-
tween Tehuacin and Oaxaca, altitude 900 meters.
Scandent shrub; leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 4 to 9 em.
long, acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, entire, sericeous, especially be-
neath, or in age glabrate; flowers in axillary, few or many-flowered cymes,
slender-pedicellate ; sepals very unequal, the 8 outer ones larger, oval, be-
coming as much as 18 mm. long, rounded at apex, glabrate; corolla funnel-
form, about 1.5 cm. long, sericeous outside; stamens included: ovary 2-celled,
4-ovulate; style filiform, unequally bifid, the stigmas capitate.
3. JACQUEMONTIA Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 476. 1833.
Stems usually scandent, herbaceous or fruticose; leaves entire, usually cor-
date; flowers blue or white, cymose or capitate, axillary; sepals subequal or
the outer ones larger; corolla broadly or narrowly campanulate, the limb pli-
cate, 5-angulate; ovary 2-celled, 4-ovulate; style filiform, the stigmas 2, ovate
or oblong; seeds usually glabrate.
All the Mexican species are listed here, but some of them are wholly herba-
ceous.
Flowers in headlike clusters, the bracts foliaceous.
Bracts, except the outermost, linear_____._.__..__ 1. J. tamnifolia.
Bracts all broad.
Corolla glabrous outside; pubescence of the leaves spreading.
2. J. pycnocephala.
Corolla hirsute; pubescence of the leaves appressed______ 3. J. perryana.
Flowers in loose or dense cymes, the bracts small.
Sepals rounded or obtuse at apex, not apiculate.
Bsc ba ly min beast 20 vol fe es fe i a 4. J. nodiflora.
Sepals pubescent.
Corolla about 12 mm. long Ne os See a ce eee as ee Be eet 5. J. simulata.
Corollacabout40)mm:, lone 222 es eet ee 6. J. nelsoni.
1196 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Sepals acute or acuminate, or at least apiculate.
Sepalsslabrouss]_ 2. ey aeeg Ieee bale eed 7. J. oaxacana.
Sepals variously pubescent.
Inflorescence glandular-pilose_______._-__________________8. J. azurea.
Inflorescence without glandular pubescence.
Cymes many-flowered, usually dense.
Sepals very densely pubescent. Leaves densely pubescent on both
Subiaces: 22 ae 2 oa ee ee 9. J. abutiloides.
Sepals sparsely pubescent or glabrate.
Leaves acute or acuminate, glabrate___________ 10. J. pentantha.
Leaves rounded at apex and mucronate or cuspidate, densely
pubescent beneath=—=222 =. 2 =e eee 11. J. apiculata.
Cymes mostly 3 or 4-flowered.
Sepalsisallt ofrequalvleng thes 2. 3 sa) see es eee 12. J. palmeri.
Sepals unequal, the outer ones slightly longer.
Sepals densely pilosulous. Leaves mostly obtuse, densely pubes-
COTES ee eee ene 5 Se a ee 9. J. abutiloides.
Sepals sparsely pubescent or glabrate, or minutely tomentulose.
Leaves acute to acuminate, the upper ones slender-petiolate.
13. J. pringlei.
Leaves obtuse or rounded at apex and mucronate, the upper
ones: usually, sulsessile=— 22 2a ase 14. J. smithii.
1. Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 474. 1861.
Ipomoea tamnifolia L. Sp. Pl. 162. 1753.
Jacquemontia macrocephala T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 219. 1905.
Thyella macrocephala House, Muhlenbergia 5: 68. 1909.
Sinaloa. Southern United States, West Indies, South America, and tropi-
eal Africa.
Stems herbaceous, pilose; leaves ovate or ovate-cordate, slender-petiolate,
acuminate; flower heads long-pedunculate, many-flowered, hirsute; corolla
blue, about 12 mm. long.
2. Jacquemontia pycnocephala Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 137. 1844.
Thyella pycnocephala House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 314. 1906.
Guerrero, the type from Acapulco.
Stems densely fulvous-pilose; leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate,
2.55 to 5 em. long, cuspidate-mucronate, densely pubescent; heads on long or
short peduncles, the bracts rounded-ovate or deltoid-ovate; corolla about 1.5
em. long, blue.
3. Jacquemontia perryana Duchass. & Walp. Linnaea 23: 751. 1850.
Ipomoea lactescens Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 171. 1854.
Oaxaca. Panama; type collected near the city of Panama.
Stems chiefly or wholly herbaceous, hirsute or glabrate; leaves long-petiolate,
broadly ovate-cordate, 4.5 to 8 em. long, acuminate; heads long-pedunculate,
very dense, hirsute; corolla white, about 3.5 cm. long.
4. Jacquemontia nodiflora (Desr.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 283. 1838.
Convolvulus nodifiorus Desr. in Lam. Encyl. 3: 557. 1789.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America.
Stems often suffrutescent, tomentose; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceo-
late to broadly ovate-cordate, 3 to 5.5 cm. long, acute or acuminate, densely
tomentose beneath; cymes many-flowered, short-pedunculate; corolla white,
about 12 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1197
5. Jacquemontia simulata House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 314. 1906.
Yucatan.
Stems woody below, tomentose when young; leaves broadly ovate-cordate,
2 to 6 em. long, obtuse and mucronate, densely tomentose beneath; cymes
dense, many-flowered; corolla white, about 12 mm. long.
This has been reported from Yucatan as J. abutiloides.
6. Jacquemontia nelsoni House, Muhlenbergia 5: 67. 1909.
Type collected between Nopala and Mixistepec, Oaxaca.
Stems pubescent; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate, 5 to 4 cm.
long, acuminate, rounded at base, hirtellous beneath; cymes long-pedunculate,
many-flowered; sepals about 8 em. long; corolla white (?).
7. Jacquemontia oaxacana (Meisn.) Hallier, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 16: 543. 1893.
Jacquemoutia parviflora oaxacana Meisn. in Mart. FL Bras. 7: 297. 1869.
Sinaloa to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from mountains of Oaxaca.
Stems pubescent or glabrate; leaves ovate-cordate, 3 to 5.5 em. long, acumi-
nate, pilose beneath or finally glabrate; peduncles usually much longer than
the leaves, the cymes many-flowered ; corolla blue, 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
8. Jacquemontia azurea (Desr.) Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve
6: 476. 1833.
Convolvulus azureus Desr. in Lam. Encyl. 3: 554. 1789.
Convolvulus sphaerostigma Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 54. pl. 481. 1799.
Convolvulus apocynoides Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 117. 1830.
Jacquemontia hirsuta Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 8: 63. 1838.
Convolvulus secundifiorus Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 90. 1897.
Jacquemontia paucifiora T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 384. 1918.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central and South America.
Stems chiefly or wholly herbaceous, glandular-pilose, slender; leaves ovate-
oblong to rounded-ovate, 1 to 4 cm. long, mostly long-acuminate, pilose; cymes
mostly 3-flowered, the flowers short-pedicellate; corolla blue, about 1 cm. long.
9. Jacquemontia abutiloides Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 34. 1844.
Baja California and Sonora; type from Magdalena Bay, Baja California.
Woody vine, usually densely tomentose almost throughout; leaves short-
petiolate, ovate or rounded-ovate, 1 to 4 cm. long, rounded to acuminate at
apex, mucronate, usually deeply cordate at base; cymes on long or short
peduncles, dense, usually few-flowered; corolla blue, 1.2 to 1.5 cm. long.
10. Jacquemontia pentantha (Jacq.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 285. 1838.
Convolvulus pentanthus Jacq. Coll. Bot. 4: 210. 1790.
Convolvulus violaceus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 29. 1794.
Jacquemontia violacea Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 8: 61. 1888.
Sinaloa to Veracruz and Yucatfin. Southern Florida, West Indies, Central
and South America.
Stems chiefly herbaceous, pubescent or glabrate; leaves ovate or ovate-cor-
date, 2 to 9 em. long; peduncles mostly longer than the leaves; corolla 1.2 to 2
em. long, blue or rarely white.
11. Jacquemontia apiculata House, Muhlenbergia 5: 66. 1909.
Chihuahua and Tamaulipas; type from Victoria, Tamaulipas.
Stems thinly tomentose; leaves rounded-cordate, 2 to 5 cm. long, shallowly
eordate at base; peduncles longer than the leaves, the cymes lax, the flowers
mostly long-pedicellate; corolla blue, about 2 cm. long. “ Enredadera” (Tamau-
lipas).
79688—24—23
1198 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
12. Jacquemontia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 63. 1889.
Jacquemontia palmeri varians T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 170. 1908.
Baja California and Sonora; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Stems herbaceous, thinly tomentose or pilose; leaves ovate-cordate, 1.5 to 4.5
cm. long, obtuse or acute, pilose or glabrate; peduncles slender, longer than the
leaves; corolla blue, 7 to 8 mm. long.
13. Jacquemontia pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 227. 1882.
Jacquemontia pringlei glabrescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 402. 1886.
Chihuahua and Sonora; Oaxaca (?). Type from Santa Catalina Mountains,
Arizona; also in El Salvador.
Slender vine, woody below, the stems pubescent or glabrate; leaves broadly
ovate-cordate, 1.5 to 6 em. long, pubescent or glabrate; peduncles equaling or
longer than the leaves; corolla 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, pale blue or white. ‘“ Cam-
panilla ”’ (El Salvador).
14. Jacquemontia smithii Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 160. 1895.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cuicatlin, Oaxaca, altitude 540 meters.
Stems erect or nearly so, woody below, puberulent; leaves broadly ovate, 1
to 5 em. long, usually subcordate at base, puberulent or tomentulose; pedun-
cles longer than the leaves; corolla blue, 12 to 15 mm. long.
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
JACQUEMONTIA CHIAPENSIS T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 60. 1914.
This plant, described from Tonalfi, Chiapas, is Aniseia martinicensis (Jacq.)
Choisy.
4. OPERCULINA Manso, Enum. Subst. Bras. 16. 1836.
REFERENCE: House, Bull. Torrey Club 38: 495-503. 1906.
Stems scandent, herbaceous or fruticose; leaves varying from entire to digi-
tately compound; calyx large, pyriform, constricted above, the sepals scarious
or chartaceous; corolla campanulate or funnelform; anthers spirally twisted ;
capsule large, 2-celled and 4-seeded or imperfectly 4-celled; seeds usually gla-
brous.
Leaves entire.
Peduncless conspicuous! vy. winsed 22-852. 2) ee eee 1. O. alatipes.
Peduncles not at all or only obscurely winged.
eaves laneeslinears= 1-0) ls eb ee eee 2. O. lancifolia.
Leaves ovate-cordate or rounded-cordate.
Sepals 2 to 2.5 em. long; corolla tube twice as long as the calyx.
3. O. rhodocalyx.
Sepals 3 em. long or more; corolla tube little exceeding the calyx.
4. O. discoidesperma.
Leaves lobed or digitately compound.
Leaves digitately compound, divided to the petiole.
Plants hirsute=2 ai eh. aie wd sits ae einer 3 ei 5. O. aegyptia.
Plants glabrous.
Corolla: yellows.) 62. Sere) eee 6. O. aurea.
Corolla white or whitish.
Heaflets long-acuminatess226 0s as Fae eee ee 7. O. palmeri.
Pedtets obruse. 2.50 theac 2 Avo wee 8. O. platyphylla.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1199
Leaves pinnately lobed or deeply palmate-lobed, but not divided to the petiole.
Corolla yellow; capsule 3 to 4 cm. in diameter____________ 9. O. tuberosa.
Corolla white or whitish; capsule 1 to 2 cm. in diameter.
TAME: TLS Ut ee ee ee a ae ee ae 10. O. dissecta.
Plants glabrous.
Leaves deeply lobed, the lobes extending nearly to the costa.
11. O. ornithopoda.
Leaves lobed less than halfway to the costa____--__ 12. O. pectinata.
1. Operculina alatipes (Hook.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 499. 1906.
Ipomoea alatipes Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 5330. 1862.
Ipomoea alata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 108. 1891. Not I. alata R.
Br. 1810.
Operculina rubicunda House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 498. 1906.
Sonora to Chiapas. Central America and Colombia.
Plants glabrous, chiefly herbaceous; leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate-
cordate, 3 to 8 cm. long, acuminate; sepals about 2.5 cm. long; corolla red,
the tube 4 to 5 em. long; seeds black, glabrous. ‘“Mechoacin,” ‘“ campanilla,”
“ quiebra cajete”’ (Hl Salvador).
2. Operculina lancifolia House, Muhlenbergia 5: 68. 1909.
Type from Valley of Jiquipilas, Chiapas, altitude 660 to 840 meters.
Plants glabrous, herbaceous; leaves 5 to 7 cm. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide,
sagittate-cordate at base; peduncles 1-flowered; sepals about 2 cm. long; corolla
pink, 5 em. long. {
8. Operculina rhodocalyx (A. Gray) House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 498. 1906.
Ipomoea rhodocalyx A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 439. 1887.
Sinaloa and Jalisco; type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Plants glabrous; leaves ovate-cordate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acuminate; peduncles
1 or 2-flowered; calyx reddish; corolla yellow, 5 to 6 cm. long; seeds glabrous.
4. Operculina discoidesperma (Donn. Smith) House, Muhlenbergia 5: 68. 1909.
Ipomoea discoidesperma Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 14: 27. 1889.
Coahuila to Guanajuato and Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Pansamala.
Plants glabrous; leaves rounded-cordate, 6 to 15 cm. long, acuminate; pedun-
cles 2 or 3-flowered; corolla yellow, about 5 cm. long; capsule about 2.5 cm. in
diameter, 1-seeded, the seed compressed, 1 cm. broad, densely pubescent.
5. Operculina aegyptia (L.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 502. 1906.
_ Ipomoea aegyptia L. Sp. Pl. 162. 1753.
Convolwulus pentaphyllus LL. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 233. 1763.
Ipomoea pentaphylla Jacq. Coll. Bot. 2: 297. 1788.
Ipomoea sinaloensis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 217. 1905.
Merremia aegyptia Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 505. 1910.
Sinaloa to Chiapas and Yucatén. Widely distributed in the tropics of both
hemispheres.
Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaflets 5, elliptic or obovate, 4 to 10 cm. long,
acuminate; calyx densely hirsute; corolla white, about 2.5 cm. long; seeds
glabrous.
6. Operculina aurea (Kellogg) House, Muhlenbergia 5: 68. 1909.
Aniseia aurea Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 5: 83. 1873.
Ipomoea aurea Kellogg; Curran, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 148. 1885.
Baja California.
1200 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
Woody vine; leaflets obovate, elliptic, or lance-ovate, 1 to 4 em. long, obtuse
to acuminate; sepals in fruit 3 to 3.5 cm. long; corolla about 5 em. long;
seeds densely pubescent.
7%. Operculina palmeri (S. Wats.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 38: 502. 1906.
Ipomoea palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 63. 1889.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Woody vine; leaflets linear-lanceolate, 9 em. long or less, acute at base;
sepals in fruit 4 cm. long; corolla about 6.5 cm. long; seeds densely pubescent.
8. Operculina platyphylla (Fernald) House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 502. 1906.
Ipomoea palmeri platyphylla Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 38: 90. 1897.
Type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Stems suffrutescent; leaflets elliptic or obovate; sepals in fruit 3.5 cm.
long; corolla 7 em. long.
9. Operculina tuberosa (L.) Meisn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 7: 212. 1869.
Ipomoea tuberosa L. Sp. Pl. 160. 1753.
Campeche. Central and South America, West Indies, and Old World tropics;
type from Jamaica.
Plants glabrous, climbing over trees; leaves mostly 7-lobate, 5 to 12 cm. long,
the lobes acuminate, entire; sepals in fruit as much as 6 cm. long; corolla 4
to 5.5 em. long; seeds densely pubescent.
10. Operculina dissecta (Jacq.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 500. 1906.
Convolwulus dissectus Jacq. Obs. Bot. 2: 4. 1767.
Ipomoea sinuata Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 84. 1798.
Merremia dissecta Hallier, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 18: 114. 1894.
Sinaloa to Coahuila, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Oaxaca. Florida and
Texas; West Indies; Central and South America.
Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves mostly 5-lobate, the lobes 2 to 8 cm. long,
deeply lobate; sepals in fruit about 3 cm. long; corolla 3.5 to 4 em. long; seeds
black, glabrous.
11. Operculina ornithopoda (Robinson) House, Bot. Gaz. 438: 414. 1907.
Ipomoea ornithopoda Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 27: 1838. 1892.
Operculina roseana House, Bull. Torrey Club 33: 500. 1906.
Operculina angustiloba House, Bull. Torrey Club 38: 501. 1906.
Ipomoea megacarpa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 218. 1905.
Operculina ornithopoda megacarpa Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 5380.
1916.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatin, and Chiapas; type from Las
Canoas, San Luis Potosi.
Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves mostly 5-lobate, the lobes linear to ovate
or rhombic, entire or lobate, usually acute or acuminate; sepals in fruit about
1.5 em. long; corolla 4 to 5 em. long; seeds glabrous.
In the typical form the lobes of the leaves are linear. The more common
form with broad lobes is O. ornithopoda megacarpa (T. S. Brandeg. ) Robinson.
12. Operculina pectinata House, Muhlenbergia 5: 69. 1909.
San Luis Potosi and Oaxaca; type from Lagunas, Oaxaca.
Stems chiefly herbaceous; leaves 4 to 7 cm. long, long-acuminate, truncate at
base, coarsely pectinate-dentate or lobate; sepals 12 to 14 mm. long; corolla
3.5 to 4.5 cm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1201
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
OPERCULINA AMPLIATA (Choisy) House, Bull. Torrey Club 38: 503. 1906.
Ipomoea ampliata Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9: 361. 1845. Type from Campeche.
Leaves said to be subtrilobate.
5. CALONYCTION Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 440. 1833.
Plants scandent, usually glabrous; leaves cordate, entire or lobate; flowers
large, white or purple, axillary, cymose or solitary; sepals unequal; corolla
salverform, with long slender tube and broad limb; stamens exserted; stigma
capitate, bilobate; fruit 2-celled.
COROT aero UN ee es ee cate Cee os a 1. C. muricatum.,
Corolla white.
Outer sepals with stout hornlike appendages______________ 2. C. aculeatum.
OiTniercssSenal Sano appenadaeed a. es a ee ea es eo es 3. C. tastense.
1. Calonyction muricatum (L.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 264. 1838.
Convolvulus muricatus L. Mant. Pl. 1: 44. 1767.
Ipomoea muricata Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 3: 40. 1798.
Ipomoea spinulosa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 169. 1903.
Baja California to Sinaloa, Chihuahua, and Yucatan. Northern South
America.
Plants glabrous, the stems usually armed with short stout recurved prickles;
leaves broadly cordate-ovate, 5 to 16 em. long, acuminate, deeply cordate at
base; flowers solitary or in few-flowered cymes, the pedicels thickened above;
outer sepals subulate-cuspidate; corolla tube 3 to 5 em. long; seeds glabrous.
2. Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 31: 590. 1904.
Convolwulus acuteatus L. Sp. Pl. 155. 1753.
Ipomoea alba L. Sp. Pl. 161. 1753.
Ipomoea bona-nor L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 228. 1762.
Calonyction speciosum Choisy, Mém. Soe. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 441.
1838.
Calonyction bona-nox Bojer, Hort. Maur. 227. 1837.
Ipomoea aculeata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 442. 1891.
Baja California and Sinaloa to Veracruz, Yucatin, and Chiapas. Widely
distributed in tropical regions of both hemispheres.
Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, often armed with recurved prickles;
leaves 5 to 15 cm. long or larger, entire or 3 to 5-lobate, acuminate, glabrous;
peduncles 1 or few-flowered, the pedicels much thickened in age; corolla tube
8 to 12 cm. long, the limb 6 to 10 cm. broad; capsules about 2 cm. long; seeds
shining, dark brown or nearly black, minutely pubescent. ‘‘ Bejuco de puerco,”
“Dejuco de vaca” (Porto Rico); “galin de noche,” ‘ bejuco de tabaco,”
“ garza,” “pitoreta” (EI Salvador).
The vine is commonly cultivated under the name of “ moonflower.” The
large, very showy flowers open late in the evening. The milky juice is em-
ployed in tropical America for coagulating the latex of Castilla, the rubber
tree. In India the young seeds are eaten, and the plant is there a popular
remedy for snake bites. In El Salvador the stems are employed for hanging
tobacco to dry.
3. Calonyction tastense (T. S. Brandeg.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 88: 31S.
1906.
Ipomoea tastensis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 168. 1903.
Type from the Sierra El Taste, Baja California.
1202 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Glabrous woody vine; leaves broadly cordate, 6 to 8 em. long, long-acumi-
nate, entire or coarsely dentate; corolla 10 to 14 cm. long, the limb 8 to 10
cm. broad; seeds finely pubescent.
6. EXOGONIUM Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 443. 1833.
REFERENCE: House, The genus Hzogonium, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 97-107. pl.
4, 2. 1908.
Woody vines; leaves usually entire; flowers solitary or in axillary cymes
or racemes, the bracts often large and colored; sepals equal or unequal; co-
rolla subtubular, red, white, or yellow, the tube long, the limb very narrow;
stamens and style protruding; ovary 2-celled, 4-ovulate; stigma capitate, bi-
lobate; seeds usually hairy.
@orollasyeliow: -Bracts»inconspicuous=2———.- =. ee 1. E. luteum.
Corolla red or pink.
Breacts Corgace, (purple: OF Di Kenn ee eee 2. E. bracteatum.
Bracts never cordate, green or minute and caducous.
Flowers sessile in the uppér\axils_c! 2) ots tee 8. E. velutifolium.
Flowers pedicellate, in cymes. 7
Corolla ‘zlabrous outside Ut +f 226 sah 4, E. argentifolium.
Corollanpubescentoontside.— 20 true y_ “eateries _ ee 5. E. conzattii.
1. Exogonium luteum House, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 103. pl. 2, f. ¢. 1908.
Type from Cuesta de Chiquihuetlin, Oaxaca, altitude 990 meters.
Stems minutely pubescent; leaves deltoid-ovate, 5 to 8 cm. long, acuminate,
pubescent; cymes long-pedunculate, many-flowered; corolla 3 to 5 cm. long.
2. Exogonium bracteatum (Cav.) Choisy; Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 264. 1838.
Ipomoea bracteata Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 51. pl. 447. 1799.
Ipomoea spicata H. B. K. Nov Gen. & Sp. 3: 112. 1819.
Ipomoea cincta Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 254. 1819.
Convolvulus obvallatus Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 595. 1825.
Ezogonium olivae Barcena, Viaje Cav. Cacahuam. 29. 1874.
Convolvulus bractiflorus Sessé & Moe. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 28. 1887.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Morelos, and Oaxaca; type from Mazatlan
(Guerrero ?).
Woody vine, glabrous throughout; leaves ovate-cordate, 6 to 9 em. long, long-
acuminate; flowers racemose, the bracts reniform, 2 to 3.5 em. long, imbricate,
obtuse or acute, prominently veined; corolla 3 to 3.5 cm. long. “ Jicama”
(Sonora) ; “ bejuco blanco” (Sinaloa); “azalea de la barranca” (Jalisco) ;
“carnestolenda”’ (Guerrero, Langlassé); “gallinitas del cerro,” ‘ empada-
nilla” (Oaxaca, Reko); “ flor de candelaria” (Guerrero).
When in flower the plant is very showy, rivaling Bougainvillea, which it
strongly suggests. The leaves are usually but not always absent at the time
of flowering. The roots are large, watery, and sweet, and they are often
eaten along the Pacific coast, either raw or cooked. The plant is illustrated
by Hernandez.”
_Exogonium bracteatum pubescens (Robins. & Greenm.) House,” described
from Guadalajara, is a pubescent form.
*Thesaurus 388. 1651.
* Bull. Torrey Club 35: 101. 1908. Ipomoea bracteata pubescens Robins. &
Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 160. 1895.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. , 1203
3. Exogonium velutifolium House, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 100. 1908.
Type from west side of Valley of Cuicatlin, Oaxaca.
Leaves short-petiolate, oblong-ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse, densely pubescent ;
bracts linear-lanceolate; corolla crimson, 3 em. long, glabrous.
4. Exogonium argentifolium (A. Rich.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 102.
1908.
Ipomoea argentifolia A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 11: 1381. 1850.
Puebla and Oaxaca. Cuba; type from Isle of Pines.
Leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 2 to 10 em. long, acute
or obtuse, acute or rounded at base, whitish-tomentose or finally glabrate;
cymes many-flowered; corolla about 4.5 cm. long.
5. Exogonium conzattii (Greenm.) House, Bull. Torrey Club 35: 102. 1908.
Ipomoea conzattii Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 258. 1907.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Almoloyas, Guerrero.
Cymes many-flowered, the pedicels white-tomentose; sepals tinged with red,
obtuse; corolia about 3 cm. long.
7. IPOMOEA L. Sp. Pl. 159. 1753.
REFERENCE: House, The North American species of the genus Ipomoea, Ann.
N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 181-263. 1908.
Plants erect or scandent, usually herbaceous but sometimes woody; leaves
entire, dentate, or lobate, sometimes digitately compound; flowers solitary,
racemose, or cymose; sepals membranaceous or herbaceous; corolla usually
funnelform, the limb spreading; stamens included; ovary 2 to 5-celled.
Numerous herbaceous species of the genus occur in Mexico. The best-known
representative of the genus is the sweet-potato (“‘camote’”), Ipomoea batatas
(L.) Lam., which is widely cultivated in Mexico. Other species, known as
““morning-glories,” or in Spanish as “ campanilla,” are often grown as orna-
mental vines because of their beautiful flowers.
Plants erect, stout; leaves usually not cordate at base.
Plants large shrubs or trees; leaves entire.
Corolla pink or purple; seeds densely black-hairy______ 1. I. crassicaulis.
Corolla white; seeds white-hairy only on the angles.
Corolla and sepals densely lanate outside__________ 2. I. murucoides.
Corolla and sepals glabrous or pubescent, not lanate.
Leaves densely pubescent beneath, with prominent venation.
Leaves mostly ovate, cordate at base__________ 3. I. arborescens.
Leaves mostly lance-oblong, rounded at base__4. I. cuernavacensis,
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so, the venation not prominent.
Sepals hairy within, 12 to 16 mm, long __________ 5. I. intrapilosa.
Sepals glabrous within, 8 to 12 mm. long.
Leaves mostly 7 to 13 em. long________________ 6. I. wolcottiana.
eaves 24to?4 emt longee: 29h tert ainaty ssiwre bee ot 7. I. calva.
Plants low, 30 to 60 em. high, fruticose only at base; leaves often trilobate.
8. I. ciervensis.
Plant scandent; leaves usually cordate at base.
Sepals herbaceous, often elongate; ovary usually 3-celled.
Inflorescence capitate or leafy-bracted.
Stems minutely pubescent or tomentose.
Leaves silvery-sericeous beneath; stems tomentose____9. I. maireti.
Leaves glabrate beneath; stems nearly glabrous____10. I. invicta.
FA
1204 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Stems hirsute.
Corolla “7 “tor Oe chaiplonie 4S Pe Ue hat bees Ap Ee 11. I. lambii.
Corolla 4 to 6 em. long.
Pubescence of the stems retrorse____----------_- 12, I. hirtiflora.
Pubescence of the stems spreading_-___-_________ 13. I. igualensis.
Inflorescence cymose, the bracts inconspicuous____-~ 14. I. ampullacea.
Sepals coriaceous or membranaceous, not elongate; ovary usually 2 or 4-
celled.
Seeds with long dorsal or marginal hairs, these longer than the seed or the
seeds covered with long hairs.
Inflorescence racemose; seeds covered on all surfaces with long hairs.
15. I. bombycina.
Inflorescence cymose; seeds with dorsal or marginal hairs only.
Sepals hirsute, tomentose, or sericeous.
Sepals: hirsutestseG xt BS tines SO ie ee 16. I. crinita.
Sepals tomentose or ser‘ceous.
Corolla. white= 2. 22 2 > 1 Se ee 17. I. praecana.
Corolla. Purple = =e ee eee 18. I. carnea.
Sepals glabrous or nearly so.
Sepals;about i mm; Jong. 25s hte pa eee 19. I. populina.
sepals 10 to 20 mm. long——______suee= ene rer = 20. I. scopulorum.
Seeds glabrous or finely pubescent.
Sepals very unequal.
Sepals cuspidate.
Stems. pilosein 22 bss She Sg te pe EY 21. I. purpusi.
Stems @labroyss2 s2-. sep on ot) Bo eee Seba ie 22. I. jicama.
Sepals obtuse or acutish.
Leaves, subsessile: 2-282. 3< Sye.4 2 iste: platy ot 4 23. I. sagittula.
Leaves long-petiolate.
Leaves..3, or 5-lobateswah ttt} wesel me lett te ayes 24. I, vulsa.
Leaves entire or dentate.
@orolla Vel wa Fae i ee oe 25. I. lindenii.
Corolla white or purple.
Corolla white, 4 to 5’ cm. long____=_____-_ 26. I. anisomeres.
Corolla purple. 2.Cm One. ae ee 27. I. oligantha.
Sepals equal or nearly so.
Corolla salyertonm. 222-2. = =o ee ees 28. I. chenopodiifolia.
Corolla funnelform or campanulate-funnelform.
Corolla blue; or purples 2-22. — ee eee ee 29. I. morelii.
Corolla white.
leaves; rounded! (at, base. 22... 2 ee 80. I. robinsonii.
Leaves cordate at base____-_-__-_--_____ 31. I. dimorphophylia.
1. Ipomoea crassicaulis (Benth.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 530. 1916.
Batatas crassicaulis Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 184. 1844.
Ipomoea fistulosa Mart.; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9: 349. 1845.
Ipomoea texana Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 45. 1890.
Sinaloa to Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas, probably only
naturalized northward. Texas; Central and South America.
Shrub, usually 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate-cordate to lance-cordate, &
to 26 em. long, long-acuminate, minutely puberulent or glabrous, entire; co-
rolla 5 to 8 cm. long. ‘“ Hiedra de la India” (Sinaloa) ; “ barés” (Tamaulipas,
Wooton); “palo santo de Castilla” (Sinaloa); “chilco,” ‘ campanilla,”
“campanola” (HI Salvador).
It is reported from Brazil that the leaves are poisonous to goats.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1205
2. Ipomoea murucoides Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 248. 1819.
Convolvulus macranthus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 95. 1819.
Ipomoea macrantha Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 267. 1838. Not I. macrantha
Roem. & Schult. 1819.
Michoacin to Oaxaca, Puebla, Mexico, and Querétaro; type from Guana-
juato. Guatemala.
Large or small tree, the branchlets densely white-tomentose; leaves oblong-
lanceolate, 7 to 20 em. long, rounded or obtuse at base, long-acuminate, entire,
tomentose or glabrate beneath; sepals 2 to 2.8 cm. long; corolla 7 to 8 cm.
long. “Palo del muerto” (Mexico, Oaxaca); ‘“ micaquahuitl” (Nahuatl) ;
“‘casahuate,” “‘ cazazuate” (Mexico, Oaxaca; from the Nahuatl cuau-zahuail,
“mangy-tree”’) ; “Arbol del muerto” (Morelos, Mexico) ; “ casahuate prieto ”
(Morelos) ; “palo bobo” (Morelos, Oaxaca, Querétaro); “palo de ozote,”
“ ozote”’ (Oaxaca); “ecazahuate blanco,” “ Arbol del venado” (Seler) ; ‘‘ siete
ecamisas,” “siete pellejos,” “‘tutumuste” (Guatemala, Pittier).
The vernacular names doubtless apply also to the related species. <A de-
coction of the wood is employed locally in the form of baths as a remedy for
paralysis. The juice is milky. The ashes are employed in Guatemala as a
substitute for soap in washing clothes. The fallen flowers are eaten by deer.
3. Ipomoea arborescens (Humb. & Bonpl.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 267. 1838.
Convolvulus arborescens Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Enum. Pl. 1: 204. 1809.
Argyreia oblonga Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 133. 1844.
Convolvulus quahutzehuatl Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 28. 1887.
Ipomoea murucoides glabrata Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 107. 1891.
Sonora, Sinaloa, Morelos, and Veracruz. El Salvador.
Large tree with smooth white bark; leaves 8 to 18 cm. long, obtuse or acute;
sepals 6 to 10 mm. long, pubescent on both sides; corolla about 5 em. long;
seeds black. ‘Palo blanco” (Sonora, Sinaloa); ‘‘ palo del muerto,” “ casa-
huate,” ‘“ quauhzahuatl,” “ casahuate blanco” (Morelos); “palo santo” (So-
nora); “palo bobo” (Morelos, El Salvador) ; “tutumushte,” ‘“ siete pellejos,”
“Siete camisas”’ (Il Salvador).
When in flower the tree is a very showy one. It blooms when leafless. In
Some localities it forms extensive forests known as “ casahuateras.” In Mo-
relos there is a popular belief that the tree causes imbecility and other cerebral
affections, and for this it is necessary only to drink the water running at the
foot of the trees. It is reputed also to be poisonous to horses and eattle. In
Sinaloa the bark is used as a remedy for bites of rattlesnakes and other
poisonous animals, and for diseases of the spleen.
4. Ipomoea cuernavacensis House, Bot. Gaz. 43: 410. 1907.
Convolvulus arboreus Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 28. 1887. Not C. arboreus
Balb. 1841.
Type from Cuernavaca.
Similar to J. arborescens; leaves 10 to 16 em. long, acuminate.
Probably only a variant of J. arborescens.
5. Ipomoea intrapilosa Rose, Gard. & Yor. 7: 367. 1894.
Ipomoea murucoides glabrata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 440. 1887.
Sonora to Oaxaca, Morelos, Zacatecas, and Durango; type from Chapala,
Jalisco.
Large or small tree, nearly glabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate to ovate, 5 to
25 cm. long, acute to attenuate, obtuse to truncate at base; corolla 4 to 5 em.
long, the limb 7 to 8 cm. broad. ‘“ Cazahuate blanco” (Jalisco) ; ‘“‘ palo blanco ”
(Durango) ; “palo bobo,” “ zozote” (Jalisco) ; “‘pajaro bobo” (Oaxaca).
796882424
1206 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Ipomoea wolcottiana Rose, Gard. & For. 7: 367. 1894.
Colima to Chiapas and Morelos; type from Manzanillo, Colima.
Small or medium-sized tree; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, obtuse to long-
acuminate, rounded to subcordate at base; corolla 6 to 7 cm. long. ‘ Pajaro
bobo” (Chiapas) ; “ acote” (Colima). A
A decoction of the bark is used as a remedy for kidney diseases.
7. Ipomoea calva House, Bot. Gaz. 43: 410. f. 1. 1907.
Type from La Junta, Guerrero.
Leaves lanceolate, long-acuminate, obtuse at base; corolla about 5 cm. long.
Probably only a form of J. wolcottiana.
8. Ipomoea ciervensis Painter; House, Bot. Gaz. 43: 408. 1907.
Type from Hacienda del Ciervo, Querétaro.
Stems erect, suffrutescent at base, stout, 30 to 60 cm. high, densely pubescent ;
leaves sessile or nearly so, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, 4 to 6.5 ecm. long, obtuse
or acute, often shallowly trilobate; peduncles 1-flowered; corolla white, about
6 em. long, white-pilose outside.
9. Ipomoea maireti Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9: 374. 1845.
Tepic and Durango to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Guatemala.
Stems suffrutescent below; leaves rounded-cordate, 7 to 15 cm. long, acumi-
nate, entire, pilosulous or glabrate above; peduncles 1 to 3-flowered, the bracts
large, ovate; sepals about 2 cm. long; corolla 7 to 10 cm. long, pink or blue.
10. Ipomoea invicta House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 193. 1908.
Type from San Sebastian, Jalisco.
Leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 8 to 14 cm. long, acuminate or cuspidate,
glabrate above, entire; peduncles 2 or 3-flowered, nearly as long as the leaves ;
bracts large, colored; corolla about 6 cm. long, blue.
11. Ipomoea lambii Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 535. 1895.
Type from Zopilote, Tepic.
Stems retrorse-hirsute; leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 7 to 15 cm. long, acumi-
nate, often 3-lobate; peduncles elongate, 2 to 4-flowered; corolla rose-purple.
12. Ipomoea hirtiflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122: 264. 1845.
Type from Chinantla, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Leaves rounded-cordate 6 to 17 cm. long, often 3-lobate, sericeous beneath,
hirsute above; peduncles about as long as the leaves, several-flowered; corolla
purple, hirsute.
18. Ipomoea igualensis Weatherby, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 427. 1910.
Type from TIguala Canyon, Guerrero, altitude 760 meters.
Leaves broadly ovate-cordate, 8 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, hirsute, entire;
peduncles elongate, 3-flowered; sepals 13 mm. long; corolla pale purple.
14. Ipomoea ampullacea Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 89. 1897.
Type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Woody vine, the stems retrorse-hispidulous; leaves rounded-cordate, acute,
entire or trilobate, appressed-hirsutulous; corolla white, about 6 cm. long, ap-
pressed-setulose; seeds finely pubescent.
15. Ipomoea bombycina (Choisy) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2: 384. 1882.
Bombycospermum mexicanum Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 2: 137. pl. 7/. 1836.
Batatas bombycina Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9: 340. 1845.
Guerrero.
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1207
Large woody vine; leaves ovate or elliptic, 5 to 10 cm. long, glabrate above,
sericeous beneath, acute or acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base; racemes
many-flowered; sepals 4 to 6 mm. long, obtuse; corolla 4.5 cm. long, purplish,
sericeous.
16. Ipomoea crinita T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 216. 1905.
Type from Culiacin, Sinaloa.
Stems woody below, hirsute; leaves 3-lobate; peduncles longer than the
leaves, several-flowered ; sepals 7 mm. long; corolla white, about 6.5 em. long.
17. Ipomoea praecana House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18:. 227. 1908.
Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Reyes, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Large woody vine, the young branches white-tomentose; leaves suborbicular,
§ to 22 em. long, subcordate at base, tomentose beneath; peduncles short,
8 to 5-flowered; corolla white, 6 to 9 cm. long.
18. Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 13. 1760.
Yucatan. West Indies; Central and South America; type from Cartagena,
Colombia.
Stout woody vine; leaves rounded-cordate, obtuse or acute, densely pubescent
beneath; peduncles short, few or many-flowered; corolla about 8 cm. long.
19. Ipomoea populina House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 226. 1908.
Guerrero; type from Acapulco.
Stems woody, glabrous; leaves ovate-cordate, 5 to 8 em. long, acuminate,
glabrous; peduncles elongate, several-flowered; corolla white, tinged below
with magenta, 6 cm. long.
20. Ipomoea scopulorum T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 169. 1903.
Baja California and Sinaloa; type from Cape Region of Baja California.
Stems suffrutescent below; leaves ovate-cordate, 6 to 7 cm. long, acute,
pubescent; peduncles 1 to few-flowered; corolla white, 6 to 8 em. long.
21. Ipomoea purpusi House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 248. 1908.
Type from Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Leaves broadly ovate-cordate, deeply trilobate, 5 to 8 em. long, densely ap-
pressed-hirsute; peduncles elongate, 1 to 5-flowered; corolla about 3 em. long.
22. Ipomoea jicama T. S. Brandeg. Bull. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 188. 1889.
Baja California.
Glabrous vine with slender woody stems; leaves broadly cordate-ovate, small,
acute or acuminate, entire or dentate; corolla 5 to 6 cm. long. ‘ Jicama.”
23. Ipomoea sagittula House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 244. 1908.
Type collected between San Sebastian ands Las Palmas, Jalisco.
Slender woody vine, glabrous or nearly so; leaves oblong-sagittate, 4 to 7
cm. long, acute or acuminate, mucronate; peduncles slender, 1 to 5-flowered;
corolla white, about 3 cm. long.
24. Ipomoea vulsa House, Muhlenbergia 8: 45. pl. 1, f. A, b. 1907.
Type from Orizaba, Veracruz.
Glabrous vine; leaves with oblong or obovate-lanceolate, obtuse lobes; pe-
duneles elongate, 1 or 2-flowered; corolla purplish, 3 to 4 em. long.
25. Ipomoea lindenii Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 127: 264. 1845.
Type from Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Glabrous woody vine; leaves ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, shallowly
cordate at base; peduncles short, 1 to 3-flowered; corolla 3 to 5 em. long.
“1208 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
26. Ipomoea anisomeres Robins. & Bartl. Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 57. 1907.
Puebla. Guatemala; type from Gualan.
Glabrous vine; leaves ovate-cordate, 6 to 11 cm long, acute; peduncles elon-
gate, many-flowered; corolla 6.5 to 7 cm. long, white with purple throat.
27. Ipomoea oligantha Choisy in DC. Prodr. 9: 380. 1845.
Oaxaca. South America; type from Peru.
Stems puberulent; leaves deltoid-ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, caudate-acuminate,
deeply cordate at base, the basal lobes acute; peduncles 3 to 5-flowered.
28. Ipomoea chenopodiifolia (Mart. & Gal.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot.
2: 385. 1882.
Calonyction chenopodiifolium Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12?: 269. 1845.
Type from Juquila, Jalisco.
Stems woody, muricate, hirsute; leaves 8 to 12 cm. long, pilose beneath,
hastate at base; peduncles short, 1-flowered; corolla purple, 5 to 8 cm. long.
29. Ipomoea morelii Duchass. & Walp. Linnaea 23: 752. 1850.
Chiapas. Panama (type locality) and Colombia.
Glabrous vine, the stems often woody; leaves ovate-cordate, 6 to 9 cm. long,
long-acuminate, often hastate-lobate; peduncles elongate, 1 to 5-flowered;
corolla 5 to 6 cm. long.
30. Ipomoea robinsonii House, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 18: 257. 1908.
Type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Woody glabrous vine; leaves elliptic-oblong, 6 to 8 cm. long, obtuse;
peduncles short, 1-flowered; corolla 6 to 8 cm. long.
31. Ipomoea dimorphophylla Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 482. 1898.
Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Slender vine, fruticose below, more or less pubescent; leaves ovate-cordate,
4 to 10 em. long, entire or lobate; peduncles short, 1 or several-flowered ;
corolla 6 to 8 cm. long.
8. TURBINA Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 81. 1836.
1. Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf. Fl. Tellur. 4: 81. 1836.
Convolvulus corymbosus L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 923. 1759.
Convolvulus sidaefolius H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 99. 1819.
Ipomoea sidaefolia Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 459. 1833.
Ipomoea antillana Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 84. 1900.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Yucatin, Tabasco, and Oaxaca. Widely distributed
in tropical America.
Woody vine; leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate-cordate, 4 to 8 cm. long,
short-acuminate, entire, glabrous or pubescent ; peduncles few or many-flowered,
sepals scarious, about 1 ecm. long; corolla white, campanulate, 2 to 3 cm. long;
stamens included; seed 1, finely pubescent. ‘ Pascua,” “flor de Pascua”
(Tabasco); “aguinaldo de Pascua” (Cuba); “campanilla” (El Salvador).
143. POLEMONIACEAE. Jacob’s-ladder Family.
REFERENCE: Brand in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 250. 1907.
Shrubs or usually herbs; leaves alternate or opposite, entire, dentate,
pinnatifid, or palmatifid; flowers perfect, terminal or axillary; calyx 5-lobate,
inferior; corolla gamopetalous; stamens 5, inserted on the corolla; style
filiform, with 3 stigmas; fruit a capsule, 3-celled, luculicidal.
4
E
———— oo
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1209
Several genera of the family are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous
species.
Corolla“recular” not) bilabiate 2222 Si See eee ie ete 1. GILIA.
Corolla bilabiate.
Calyx whitish-membranceous below the sinuses_-__--__~___ 2. LOESELIA.
Calyx: ‘green... herbaceous_22@e 2s Sie Pete eee eS 3. BONPLANDIA.
1. GILIA Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 25. 1794.
Shrubs or usually herbs; leaves opposite or alternate, entire or divided;
flowers solitary or in thyrsiform panicles; corolla usually salverform, the
limb 5-lobate; stigmas 3, filiform; capsule loculicidally 3-valvate.
Numerous herbaceous species occur in northern Mexico.
Leaves alternate.
WEAVESRIN GAR EN GitC sae: ee ee eS ee ae ee ee 1. G. palmeri.
Leaves pinnatifid.
Lobes of the corolla much longer than the tube_______-___- 2. G. rigidula.
Lobes of the corolla shorter than the tube____------_--_ 3. G. gloriosa.
Leaves opposite.
Lobes of the leaves linear, not rigid____________________ 4. G. floribunda.
lopes or the: leaves: acerose, rigid = 2-22 22 5. G. veatchii.
1. Gilia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 24: 61. 1889.
Baja California; type from Los Angeles Bay.
Plants essentially annual but sometimes becoming suffrutescent below,
pubescent; leaves 3.5 cm. long or less; flowers slender-pedicellate; corolla
violaceous, about 1 ecm. long.
2. Gilia rigidula Benth. in DC. Prodr. 9: 312. 1845.
Gilia rigidula acerosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 280. 1870.
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi, Zacatecas, and Durango. Western Texas
to Arizona; type from San Antonio, Texas.
Plants 30 em. high or less, usually herbaceous but often woody; leaves
pinnatifid or bipinnatifid, the lobes linear or acerose, sharp-pointed; corolla
blue, 3.5 cm. broad or less, the tube very short.
Gilia rigidula acerosa is a form with acerose, very stiff leaf segments.
3. Gilia gloriosa T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. IT. 2: 184. pl. 9. 1889.
Baja California; type from Ubi.
Densely branched shrub, about 1 meter high, forming broad rounded clumps,
glandular-pubescent ; leaves rigid, the lobes acerose; corolla 3 to 4 em. long,
pale pink or nearly white.
4. Gilia floribunda A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 267. 1870.
Mountains of Baja California and Chihuahua. New Mexico to southern
California.
Plants about 30 ecm. high, fruticose at base, slender, pubescent; leaves
parted to the base, the lobes 2 cm. long or less, spreading or reflexed; flowers
corymbose-cymose at the ends of the branches; corolla white, 1 to 1.5 ecm.
long.
5. Gilia veatchii Parry; Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 198. 1885.
Cedros Island, Baja California.
Densely branched shrub, 60 cm. high or less, with shredded bark; leaves
parted to the base, 7 mm. long or less, glandular-pubescent ; corolla about 1 em.
long, ochroleucous, purplish outside.
1210 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
2. LOESELIA L. Sp. Pl. 628. 1753.
Plants annual or perennial, herbaceous or often woody, at least at base;
leaves alternate or opposite, entire, pinnatifid, or. dentate; flowers axillary;
corolla more or less bilabiate, tubular or salverform; style exserted; seeds 3
to many.
The species listed here are the only ones known.
Leaves narrowly linear and entire, or pinnatifid into linear lobes; bracts in-
conspicuous. ‘
Reaves ipinnatifid ii eis se; eer bnitee to ed aD aah EM aie 1, L. havardii.
Leaves entire.
Stamens rexsertedet ts): lel et Varin bls rede hee i OMe ee 2. L. tenuifolia.
Stamens not exserted.
Corolla tube much exceeding the calyx__________________ 3. L. guttata.
Corolla tube scarcely exceeding the calyx_________________ 4. L. effusa.
Leaves broader than linear or, if linear, dentate; bracts large and conspicuous.
Corolla, normally. reds== 5+ <4 3 2 hg 5. L, mexicana.
Corolla blue or white.
HIRO Wens *:SO]talny = "acs = os 8 eo ee 6. L. pumila.
Flowers mostly in several-flowered inflorescences.
Bracts scarious, not ereen} entire: — 2 a ee eee 7. L. purpusii.
Bracts green and herbaceous or, if scarious, dentate.
Bracts all linear-lanceolate_2 ==! 42. 22S s_ 8. L. glandulosa.
Bracts all or mostly ovate. ‘
Leaves mostly cordate-clasping____________--___-_ 9. L. amplectens.
Leaves not cordate-clasping.
Stamens pilose sts eo ae 9 OL 10. L. scariosa.
Stamens glabrous.
Flowers partly solitary and partly in 2 to 4-flowered ra-
ROMCS 27 28 ee os 11. L. caerulea.
HNlowers :capitate. =. =._42 2422. 2 eee 12. L. ciliata,
1. Loeselia havardii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 87. 1883.
Gilia havardii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 21: 411. 1886.
Western Texas, the type from Presidio del Norte, on the Rio Grande, and
doubtless occurring on the Mexican side of the river.
Plants perennial, fruticose below, villous; lobes of the leaves sharp-pointed ;
flowers pedicellate; corolla purplish, 12 mm. long, the tube twice as long as
the calyx.
2. Loeselia tenuifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 86. 1875.
Gilia tenuifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 2’: 411. 1886.
Southern California, the type from the Cantillas Mountains, and doubtless
extending into northern Baja California.
Plants 30 cm. high or less, woody at base, nearly glabrous; leaves about 15
mm. long; flowers pedicellate; corolla red, about 2 cm. long, the tube more
than twice as long as the calyx, the lobes tridentate.
3. Loeselia guttata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 302. 1885.
Gilia guttata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 21: 411 1886.
Type from northern Baja California.
‘Plants 40 cm. high or less, woody at base, glabrous; corolla purplish, 15 to
20 mm. long, the lobes tridentate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1211
4. Loeselia effusa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 86. 1875.
Gilia dunnii Kellogg, Pacif. Rural Press, May 31, 1879.
Northern Baja California. Southern California.
Plants 30 em. high or less, nearly glabrous; leaves about 8 mm. long; corolla
purplish, 12 mm. long, the lobes entire.
5. Loeselia mexicana (Lam.) Brand in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 250: 174. 1907.
Hoitzia mexicana Lam. Encycl. 3: 184. 1789.
Hoitzia coccinea Cay. Icon. Pl. 4: 44. pl. 365. 1797.
Cantua hoitzia Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 878. 1797.
Loeselia coccinea Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 247. 1837.
_ Chihuahua and Sinaloa to Oaxaca, Puebla, and San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less, glandular-pubescent; leaves subsessile, lanceo-
late to lance-ovate, obtuse or acute, cuneate at base, sharply serrate; flowers
solitary; corolla about 2.5 em. long, the lobes entire, much shorter than the
tube; calyx lobes entire. ‘‘ Huachichile” ‘‘ huichichile,” ‘“ guachichile”
(Sinaloa, Aguascalientes, Jalisco, San Luis Potosi, Durango; from the Nahuatl
huitzitzil-rochitl, ‘“‘ hummingbird-flower ”’) ; “‘ espinosilla” (Guanajuato, Queré-
taro, Mexico, Tepic, San Luis. Potosi, Oaxaca); “hierba de San Antonio”
(Durango) ; “intzquilitzin” (Seler) ; “flor del chupamirto,” “flor de colibri”
(Robelo); “cuachile” (Ramirez); ‘“ chuparrosa” (Mexico); “huicicilo”
(Ramirez) ; “ mirto silvestre” (Ramirez) ; “ huitzizilin” (Mexico, Bdrcena) ;
“hierba de la virgen” (Flores).
The shrub is a handsome one when in full flower. A form with yellow
flowers, growing about the City of Mexico, is L. mexicana lutea Brand.” A
specimen from Tlaxcala is said to have nearly white flowers.
A decoction of the leaves is much used in Mexico as a remedy for fevers,
and is said to have emetic, purgative, diuretic, and sudorifie properties. It
is employed also as a wash to prevent falling of the hair. The plant is said
to contain an alkaloid, loeseline. The early inhabitants used the plant like
soap, crushing it in water until a suds was formed.’
6. Loeselia pumila (Mart. & Gal.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 6: 527. 1846.
Hoitzia pumila Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux 122: 275. 1845.
Loeselia intermedia Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 567. 1899.
San Luis Potosi to Guerrero, Puebla, and Oaxaca.
Plants glandular-pilose, annual but sometimes suffrutescent, 45 cm. high or
less; leaves shori-petiolate, oblong to broadly ovate; calyx lobes 5-dentate ;
corolla blue or bluish, about 1 em. long, the lobes entire.
%. Loeselia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 8: 389, 1909.
Type from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Small shrub, sparsely puberulent; leaves oblong-elliptic, obtuse or acute,
cuneate at base, sharply serrate, lustrous, subsessile; calyx lobes. minutely
serrulate; corolla about 2 cm. long, pale purple.
8. Loeselia glandulosa (Cav.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 248. 1837.
Hoitzia glandulosa Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 45. pl. 367. 1797.
Hoitzia cervantesii H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 128. 1819.
Hoitzia conglomerata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 128. 1819.
Hoitzia capitata Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 370. 1819.
Hoitzia spicata Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 370. 1819.
Hoitzia nepetifolia Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 385. 1831.
7In Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 250: 176. 1907.
?See Marcial Oropeza, La espinosilla, Naturaleza 3: 3-7. 1876.
1212 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Hoitzia elata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 441. 1841.
Hoitzia ramosissima Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12?: 273. 1845.
Hoitzia scabra Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122: 274. 1845.
Sonora and Chihuahua to Veracruz and Chiapas. Southern Arizona;
Guatemala to Colombia and Venezuela.
Plants pubescent or glabrate, annual but often suffrutescent, slender, 1
meter high or less; leaves lanceolate or ovate, sharply serrate, short-petiolate ;
corolla bluish, about 15 mm. long. ‘“ Verbena” (Chiapas); “ clarincillo
silvestre” (Guatemala).
Brand separates several varieties, which differ chiefly in pubescence.
9. Loeselia amplectens (Hook. & Arn.) Benth. in DC. Prodr. 9: 320, 1845.
Hoitzia amplectens Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 441. 1841.
Loeselia cordifolia Hemsl. & Rose in Hook. Icon. Pl. 26: pl. 2551. 1899.
Tepie to Guerrero; type collected between San Blas and Tepic.
Plants slender, puberulent or glabrate, chiefly herbaceous; leaves ovate-
cordate or lance-cordate, sessile, serrate, prominently veined; bracts large
and leaflike; corolla white or purplish, about 15 mm. long.
10. Loeselia scariosa (Mart. & Gal.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 6: 527. 1846.
Hoitzia scariosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122: 274. 1845.
Loeselia greggii S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 117. 1883.
Chihuahua and Coahuila to Puebla; type from Puebla.
Plants slender, pubescent, suffrutescent; leaves oblong to ovate, sessile or
short-petiolate, aristate-dentate, cuneate at base; corolla bluish or pink, about
1 em. long. “ Huachichile” (Coahuila).
Palmer reports that in Coahuila the plant is used as a remedy for ague.
11. Loeselia caerulea (Cav.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 248. 1837.
Hoitzia caerulea Cay. Icon. Pl. 4: 45. pl. 366. 1797.
Loeselia rupestris Benth. in DC. Prodr. 9: 319. 1845.
Hoitzia floribunda Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12’: 275. 1845.
Chihuahua to Jalisco and Oaxaca.
Plants pubescent, annual but often suffrutescent, 45 cm. high or less; leaves
linear-lanceolate to ovate, sessile, dentate; bracts purplish-reticulate; corolla
blue, 10 to 12 mm. long. “ Banderilla,’ “jarritos,”’ ‘“guachichil” (Brand).
12. Loeselia ciliata L. Sp. Pl. 628. 1753.
Hoitzia aristata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 8: 128. 1819.
Hoitzia loeselia Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 626. 1825.
Loeselia involucrata Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 248. 1837.
Hoitzia lupulina Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 441. 1841.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Veracruz, and Guerrero; type from Veracruz.
Central America.
Plants pubescent or glabrate, slender, annual but sometimes suffrutescent ;
leaves mostly ovate or broadly ovate, petiolate, dentate; bracts large and
leaflike, cordate, aristate-dentate; corolla blue or white, about 1 cm. long.
“Lenteja,” ‘“ lentejilla”’ (El Salvador).
Loeselia involucrata is maintained by Brand as distinct from LD. ciliata, the
two with L. amplectens forming a “species collectiva.” He states that in
L. ciliata the outer bracts are cordate but not clasping, while in DL. involucrata
they are deeply cordate-clasping. There does not appear to be any essential
difference between the two forms.
————-_
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1213
3. BONPLANDIA Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. 2: 131. 1800.
Plants suffrutescent, viscid-pubescent; lower leaves alternate, the upper op-
posite; flowers geminate, pedicellate; calyx green; corolla bilabiate, the
lobes equaling or shorter than the tube; stamens exerted; capsule 1 to 3-seeded.
Only two species are known.
Leaves linear or pinnate-lobate, with linear lobes_____-______-- 1. B. linearis.
Leaves and their lobes lanceolate or broader_____--_----__ 2. B. geminifiora.
1. Bonplandia linearis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 24, 1907.
Type from Coru, Michoacan, altitude 1,800 meters; perhaps also in Durango.
Plants glandular-pilose; upper leaves linear, the lower pinnatifid into linear
lobes; corolla purplish, about 2 em. long.
2. Bonplandia geminiflora Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. 2: 131. 1800.
Caldasia heterophylla Willd. Hort. Berol. pl. 71. 1807.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, Morelos, and Michoacién. Guatemala.
Plants a meter high or less, suffrutescent, ill-scented; lower leaves ovate
or lanceolate, lyrate-pinnatifid, serrate, acuminate, petiolate; corolla purplish,
2 to 2.5 em. long, glabrous.
144. HYDROPHYLLACEAE. Waterleaf Family.
REFERENCE: Brand in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 251. 1913.
Shrubs or small trees, or usually herbs; leaves alternate or opposite, simple
(in the genera here listed) ; flowers perfect, regular, terminal and axillary,
often in scorpioid cymes; calyx 5-parted, inferior, often accrescent in fruit;
corolla gamopetalous, 5-lobate; stamens 5, inserted on the corolla; styles 1 or
2, the stigmas 2, capitate; fruit a capsule, bivalvate, 1-celled, with 2 parietal
placentae.
Several genera are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species.
Stamens equal in length; leaves mostly 10 em. wide or more; plants usually
Spel ta Pues ster eUry ea Dee ep te et ot 1. WIGANDIA.
Stamens unequal; leaves much smaller; plants without stinging hairs.
Capsule crustaceous; leaves often dentate and glutinous__.2. ERIODICTYON.
Capsule membranaceous; leaves entire, not glutinous____.3. CONANTHUS.
1. WIGANDIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 127. 1819.
Shrubs, trees, or large herbs; leaves very large, simple; flowers in scorpioid
cymes; calyx 5-parted to base; corolla funnelform-campanulate; stamens
slightly exserted; styles 2, elongate; ovules very numerous; seeds more or
less winged.
Style only slightly longer than the calyx____________----__ 1. W. caracasana.
Style twice as long as the calyx.
Stems usually hispid with stinging hairs; calyx hispid_______ 2. W. kunthii.
Stems tomentose; calyx not hispid___--__________-_______ 8. W. scorpioides.
1. Wigandia caracasana H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 100. 1819.
Wigandia macrophylla Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 382. 1831.
San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, Mexico, and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Colombia
and Venezuela; type from Caracas, Venezuela.
Plants 3 meters high or less, densely pubescent and usually hispid; leaves
ovate to oval, 40 cm. long or less, obtuse, subeordate at base, coarsely crenate,
tomentose beneath; sepals 10 to 15 mm. long; corolla purplish, longer than the
1214 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
sepals. ‘‘ Hoja de San Pablo,” ‘“ palo de San Pablo,” “San Pablo” (Oaxaca),
“tabaco cimarrén” (Seler) ; “chocén” (Guatemala) ; “ tabaquillo” (El Sal-
vador) ; “ pringamoza’’ (Colombia).
2. Wigandia kunthii Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 116. 1833.
Sinaloa and Durango to Chiapas. Central America.
Shrub or tree, 5 meters high or less; leaves oval or rounded, 40 cm. long
or less, rounded or obtuse at apex, cordate at base, coarsely crenate, tomentose
beneath; sepals 6 to 10 mm. long; corolla about 1.5 cm. long, bluish or
white; capsule hispid. ‘“‘Quemadora” (Jalisco, Sinaloa); “ortiga” (Jalisco,
Michoacin, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Mexico, Costa Rica); “tabaco cimarrén”
(Mexico, Puebla); ‘“ortiga grande” (Guanajuato, Oaxaca); ‘“sosa”
(Ramirez); “ortiga prieta,’ ‘‘chichicastle” (Brand); “tabacén” (HI
Salvador).
The long hairs sting the skin painfully like those of a nettle. The plant
has been employed in Mexico as a remedy for syphilitic affections, and a
decoction of the leaves in Costa Rica for rheumatism.
3. Wigandia scorpioides Choisy in DC. Prodr. 10: 184. 1846.
Veracruz and Oaxaca.
Small tree, the young branches densely white-tomentose; leaves ovate-oval
or rounded-oval, 30 cm. long or less, rounded at apex, cordate at base,
crenate or crenate-lobate, very densely whitish-tomentose beneath; sepals about
1 cm. long, the corolla about twice as long. ‘“ Consuelda mayor” (Urbina).
2. ERIODICTYON Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 35. 1844,
REFERENCE: Abrams & Smiley, Taxonomy and distribution of Hriodictyon,
Bot. Gaz. 60: 115-133. 1915.
Shrubs; leaves alternate, entire or dentate, reticulate-veined; flowers in
seorpioid racemes; calyx 5-parted to base; corolla funnelform or subcampanu-
late, pubescent; stamens included, barbate at base; styles 2; ovules 6 to 7 on
each placenta.
The species are known in California as “hierba santa.” The dried leaves
are official in the U. 8S. Pharmacopoeia, and are used in the treatment of
asthma, chronic bronchitis, and inflammation of the genito-urinary tract.
They contain two aromatic resins and tannic acid. The plants have long
been employed in California as a bitter tonic and a stimulant balsamic ex-
pectorant, and sometimes as a remedy for rheumatism. The Coahuilla Indians
of southern California applied the leaves as poultices to sores upon men
and beasts, and bathed sore parts or fatigued limbs with a decoction of the
plant.
Leaves sessile, usually hirsute on the upper surface_______ 1. E. sessilifolium.
Leaves petiolate, not hirsute.
Branches tomentose, tardily if ever glabrate____10......._2. E. lanatum.
Branches glabrous except sometimes in the inflorescence.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, not revolute; calyx densely pubescent.
3. E. trichocalyx.
Leaves narrowly linear, revolute; calyx sparsely pubescent.
4. E. angustifolium.
1. Eriodictyon sessilifolium Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 201. 1885.
Northern Baja California; type from Bahia de Todos Santos.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches hirsute; leaves oblong or lance-
oblong, 6 to 12 cm. long, obtuse or acute, truncate or cordate at base, coarsely
dentate, white-tomentose beneath; corolla lilac-purple, 12 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1215
2. Eriodictyon lanatum (Brand) Abrams, Bot. Gaz. 60: 126. 1915.
Eriodictyon californicum subsp. australe var. lanatum Brand in Engl.
Pflanzenreich IV. 251: 142. 1913.
Northern Baja California. Southern California; type collected between
Campo and Jacumba.
Shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves linear-lanceolate, 4 to 8 cm. long, acute
at each end, subrevolute, entire or dentate, white-tomentose beneath; corolla
pale purplish blue or nearly white, 7 to 8 mm. long.
3. Eriodictyon trichocalyx Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 108. 1904.
Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from San Bernardino
Mountains.
Glutinous shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high; leaves 5 to 10 em. long, acute at
base and apex, coarsely dentate or sometimes entire, tomentulose beneath;
eorolla white, 5 to 6 mm. long.
4, Eriodictyon angustifolium Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 2: 181. 1848.
Mountains of Baja California. Arizona, Utah, and Nevada; type from
Arizona.
Glutinous shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves 5 to 10 cm. long, glabrous
above, white-tomentose beneath, entire; corolla about 5 mm. long.
38. CONANTHUS S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 256. 1871.
Plants usually herbaceous but sometimes suffruticose; leaves alternate,
entire; flowers solitary or in scorpioid cymes; calyx 5-parted; corolla cylindric,
campanulate, or funnelform; styles 2, free or connate; ovules numerous.
Numerous herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
Stywlessiconnate:s: heaves linear 2m! in 2 8 en ys a ee 1. C. stenophyllus.
Styles distinct.
eaves) elliptic or lanceolateio12- 22 sate fe 2. C. sericeus.
Leaves linear.
Corolla geviindric. Oe mmieelONG= ee ae 3. C. flavescens.
Corollaysalverform: 12mm... long 22 oe a 4. C. purpusii.
1. Conanthus stenophyllus (A. Gray) Standl.
Nama stenophyllum A. Gray; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 361. 1882.
Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosi; type from San Lorenzo de la
Laguna, Coahuila.
Plants 30 cm. high or less, with thick woody branches below, pubescent ;
leaves 10 to 17 mm. long; flowers sessile or short-pedicellate, in terminal
leafy cymes; corolla 9 mm. long.
2. Conanthus sericeus (Willd.) Standl.
Nama sericeum Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 6: 189. 1820.
Nama longiflorum Choisy, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve 6: 114. 1833.
San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo.
Plants tall and slender, erect, the stems whitish-hirsutulous; leaves 2.5 to
4.5 cm. long, acute, whitish-sericeous especially beneath; corolla 2 to 2.8 cm.
long.
3. Conanthus flavescens (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Nama flavescens T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 254. 1908.
Coahuila; type from Parras.
Plants suffrutescent, 30 em. high or more, hirsute and glandular-viscid
above: leaves 1.5 to 2 em. long; sepals linear, 5 to 6 mm. long.
1216 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
4. Conanthus purpusii (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl.
Nama purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 186. 1911.
Type from Movano, Coahuila.
Plants suffrutescent, white-hirsute; leaves sessile, 2.5 cm. long or less, ob-
tuse; sepals linear, 6 to 7 mm. long; corolla bluish purple.
145. BORAGINACEAE. Borage Family.
Trees, shrubs, or herbs; leaves estipulate, entire or toothed, alternate or
rarely opposite; flowers perfect, regular, usually in cymes, the branches com-
monly scorpioid; calyx inferior, usually persistent, tubular or campanulate;
corolla gamopetalous, subrotate to funnelform or salverform, the limb com-
monly 5-lobate; stamens as many as the corolla lobes and alternate with them,
inserted on the corolla; ovary normally of 2 2-ovulate carpels, sometimes
4-celled; style entire or once or twice bifid; fruit drupaceous or of 4 nutlets.
Several genera are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species.
Sevie* twice: bifiduast “las _ Siete oeiwe heh We ATE. Jobe Bae 1. CORDIA.
Style entire or once bifid.
Flowers in cymes, these usually paniculate.
Calyx closed in bud, in anthesis valvate, 2 to 5-lobate___.2. BOURRERIA.
Walyx.not. closed: in; bud,.5-partedss sa a ee 38. EHRETIA.
Flowers in scorpioid spikes or racemes, these often cymose, or the flowers
in terminal heads or solitary or clustered in the axils.
Flowers in terminal heads or solitary or clustered in the axils.
4. COLDENTA.
Flowers in scorpioid spikes or racemes.
TU TU a COOUS es ns eye a eee we eee eae 5. TOURNEFORTIA.
Fruit dry, separating into 2 or 4 nutlets__________ 6. HELIOTROPIUM.
1. CORDIA L. Sp. Pl. 190. 1753.
Trees or shrubs; leaves mostly alternate, entire or dentate; flowers in
cymes, heads, or spikes, small or large; calyx tubular or campanulate, often
striate, 3 to 5-dentate; corolla funnelform, salverform, or campanulate, usually
4 to 6-lobate, sometimes with as many as 18 lobes; style twice bifid; fruit
drupaceous.
The following vernacular names have been reported for plants of the
genus whose specific identity is uncertain: “Palo negro” (Ramirez) ;
* cuéramo” (Michoacin); “ candelero”’ (Tabasco); ‘“ rosadillo” (Oaxaca) ;
“ rasca-viejo”’ (Michoac&n).
Calyx conspicuously 10-striate or sulcate.
Calyx 3 to 4 mm. long, campanulate.
Corollas;tube (exsented 22.2.2 fa 2 ee ee 1. C. alba.
Corollastube not exsertedis yas ee no 2. C. diversifolia.
Calyx 5 mm. long or more, usually cylindric.
Leaves finely stellate-pubescent beneath_________________ 3. C. alliodora.
Leaves not stellate-pubescent.
Leaves 1 to 3 cm. long.
WCAVES CIEL oe5 Bie FS i En i em 4, C. seleriana.
Reaves comrsely dette. - 0 2a ee ee ee eee 5. C. greggii.
ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1217
Leaves mostly 5 em. long or much larger.
Leaves densely pilose, tomentose, or sericeous beneath, even in age.
Leaves densely whitish-sericeous beneath_______ 6. C. elaeagnoides,
Leaves tomentose or pilose beneath with loose spreading hairs.
Flowers: 2" emi mong 22s e ieee ee ee ee A eee 7. C. guerkeana.
Flowers 2.5 to 4.5 cm. long.
Leaves densely tomentose beneath_____________ 8. C. boissieri.
Leaves hispidulous beneath with short, very stiff hairs.
9. C. morelosana,
Leaves glabrous beneath in age except along the costa, or with small
inconspicuous hairs along the veins.
Calyx lobes subulate or narrowly deltoid, acute.
10. C. gerascanthus.
Calyx lobes broadly ovate or deltoid, obtuse.
Calyx 6 to 7 mm. long, minutely puberulent____11. C. igualensis.
Calyx 9 to 14 mm. long, densely pubescent.
, Slender portion of the corolla tube much exserted from the
CEL Re = eee a oe as tah eS a ee ee 12. C. tinifolia,
Slender portion of the corolla tube not or scarcely exserted.
13. C. sonorae,
Calyx neither striate nor sulcate.
Flowers in cymes.
Corollagi2sto.1G-lOpates se ee ee 14. C. dodecandra.
Corolla 5 to 8-lobate.
MiOwers:O, MM, One OF VeSGe = Ss ee eee 15. C. chiapensis.
Flowers more than 1 ecm. long.
Calyx 5 to 6 mm. long; leaves tomentose beneath, at least when
SV OUT) eee ate eee ae ena ee eee ee 16. C. microsebestena.
Calyx 8 to 14 mm. long; leaves not tomentose beneath.
Leaves setulose-hirtellous beneath; flowers mostly 3.5 to 4.5 em.
NOS at: Rl Oe = Ea el es ita MIR, oe iB 17. C. sebestena.
Leaves minutely scaberulous or glabrate beneath; flowers less than
3 Cm: longeee Sere te ye LE eye a eerie 4. C. seleriana.
Flowers in spikes or globose heads.
Flowers in dense globose heads.
Leaves stellate-pubescent on the upper surface.
Calyxe Tobes#nliform teh oo 20st. 28h s segteo are 18. C. pringlei.*
@alyx lobessshortaobtuses 2 ueuee!. cverd iesdenla tee 19. C. stellata.
Leaves without stellate pubescence.
Mower heads paniculate_24) 44 22) oh) 5 20. C. corymbosa.
Flower heads solitary.
Calyx lobes subulate or filiform.
Stems and peduncles hispid with spreading hairs.
21. C. urticacea.
Stems and peduncles puberulent or tomentulose, often also ap-
pressed-setulose.
Corolla 1.5 em. long or less.
Leaves sparsely strigose or strigillose_____.__ 22. C. limicola.
Leaves setose-scabrous__.__________________ 23. C. globosa.°
Corolla 2 em. long or more.
Leaves acute or attenuate at base____--____ 24. C. perlonga.
Leaves mostly obtuse or rounded at base.
25. C. appendiculata.
L2ts3 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Calyx lobes ovate or deltoid, acute or acuminate.
Corolla? te 20 nim, longa eae ieee oe 26. C. podocephala.
Corolla 7 mm. long or less.
Calyx lobes mucronate-acuminate_-___________ 27. C. ambigua.
Calyx lobes obtuse or merely acute_______________ 28. C. cana.
Flowers in dense or interrupted spikes.
Leaves ovate to broadly ovate or elliptic_-___--______ 29. C. ferruginea.
weaves\linear to oblong 2222. 223 Neans eet 30. C. cylindrostachya.
1. Cordia alba (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 466. 1819.
Varronia alba Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 14. 1760.
Michoacin to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. West Indies; Guate-
mala to Colombia and Venezuela.
Shrub or small tree, usually 4 to 8 meters high, with thick, brownish or
grayish, fissured bark, the branchlets sparsely or densely setulose; leaves very
variable in size and shape, mostly ovate to rounded and 5 to 12 cm. long,
rounded to acuminate at apex, scabrous or smooth above, glabrate beneath in
age; flowers in large open cymes; corolla white or yellow, about 1 cm. long;
fruit white, about 1 cm. long. ‘“ Zazamil” (Oaxaca, Guerrero) ; “ gulabere’”
(Oaxaca); “vavos” (Seler); “uvita mocosa” (Colombia) ; “ varia blanca,”
“ateje blanco,” ‘atejo amarillo,” “uva gomosa,” “capi blanca” (Cuba) ;
“tigiiilote,” ‘‘tigtiilote negro,” “cebito” (El Salvador); “caujaro” (Colom-
bia) ; “ uvillo,” “ uvero,” “goma” (Panama).
The wood is said to be hard and strong, yellow, with a specific gravity of
about 0.78, and to be used in carpentry. The leaves and flowers are reported
tc have emollient properties and to be used for treating affections of the chest.
A decoction of the flowers is sometimes employed for inducing perspiration.
In El Salvador a French physician formerly prepared from.the charcoal a
preparation which was much used for treating affections of the stomach.
The fruit is employed in Oaxaca for coagulating indigo. It is white, trans-
parent, mucilaginous, and extremely sweet, and is often eaten. The viscid
juice is used in El Salvador for fastening the wrappers of cigars.
2. Cordia diversifolia Pavén; DC. Prodr. 9: 474. 1845.
Sinaloa to Colima.
Large shrub or small tree, the branchlets scabrous and sometimes hirsute;
leaves obovate to rounded-obovate, 6 to 10 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex,
broadly cuneate or obtuse at base, remotely mucronate-serrate above the base,
scabrous above, setulose-scabrous beneath; flowers in small cymes, sessile,
secund upon the branches; calyx tubular-campanulate, striate, 3 mm. long,
scabrous, obtusely 5-dentate; corolla yellow, the lobes obtuse, reflexed, equal-
ing or shorter than the calyx, the throat hirsute.
8. Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav.) Cham. Linnaea 8: 121. 1833.
Cordia gerascanthus Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 438. 1763. Not C. gerascanthus L.
1759. ;
Cerdana alliodora Ruiz & Pay. Fl. Peruy. Chil. 2: 47. pl. 184. 1799.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca and Tabasco. West Indies; Central and South America.
Tree, 7 to 20 meters high, the trunk 50 cm. or more in diameter, the bark
grayish, fissured; leaves mostly elliptic-oblong, 10 to 20 cm. long, acute or
acuminate, finely stellate-pubescent, entire; flowers white, fragrant, in large
panicles; calyx about 5 mm. long, the corolla twice as long; wood close-
grained, the sapwood thick, light brown, the heartwood slightly darker, the
specific gravity reported as ranging from 0.574 to 0.700. ‘ Bojén,” “ bojén
blanco,” “bojén prieto” (Tabasco) ; “tambor” (Michoacin) ; “ hormiguero’””
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1219
(Michoacéin, Guerrero, Oaxaca) ; “ amapa prieta” (Sinaloa); ‘palo de rosa”
(Oaxaca, Cuba, Porto Rico) “palo Maria” (Guerrero, Ramirez); ‘“ laurel”
(Panama, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras); “solera” (Co-
lembia) ; “laurel macho” (Nicaragua) ; “capa& prieta” (Porto Rico, Cuba) ;
“varia,” “capi roja” (Cuba); “canjaro,” “pardillo” (Venezuela) ; “ suchi-
eahue” (Reko); ‘“arbol del ajo” (Peru); “laurel blanco” (El Salvador) ;
“canalete”’ (Colombia).
The wood is highly valued for carpenter and cabinet work, and is used
for beams, flooring, ceiling, and finer work. The smaller branches are some-
times employed for making barrel hoops. The forks of the young twigs are
almost always enlarged by hollow swellings, which afford shelter for fierce
ants, hence the name ‘“ hormiguero.” The fruit is edible. A decoction of the
leaves is employed as a tonic and stimulant, especially in the ease of catarrh
and affections of the lungs, and an ointment made with the pulverized seeds
has been used in the West Indies as a remedy for cutaneous diseases. The
fresh bark is reported to have an odor suggestive of garlic.
4. Cordia seleriana Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 498. 1901.
Michoacéin to Oaxaca; type from Huilotepec, Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree; leaves ovate to suborbicular, scabrous or hispidulous ;
_ eymes few-flowered; calyx tubular-campanulate, 1 cm. long or less; corolla
white, 1.5 to 3 cm. long.
5. Cordia greggii Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 135. 1859.
Cordia greggii palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 61. 1889.
Cordia watsoni Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 89. 1890.
Baja California to Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, and Coahuila; type from
Bolsén de Mapimi, Durango.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves mostly ovate or obovate, rounded or obtuse
at apex, obtuse or acute at base, coarsely dentate, very scabrous; flowers white,
in few-flowered headlike cymes; calyx about 7 mm. long, the lobes subulate;
corolla 1.5.to 3 cm. long. “ Vara prieta” (Sinaloa) ; “San Juanito” (Durango,
Sinaloa).
A decoction of the leaves is said to be used as a stimulant medicine.
6. Cordia elaeagnoides DC. Prodr. 9: 474. 1845.
Michoacan to Chiapas; type from Chinitan, between Tehuantepec and Boca
del Monte.
Tree, 6 to 10 meters high; leaves ovate to broadly elliptic, 8 to 17 cm. long,.
acuminate or long-acuminate, entire or nearly so, glabrous and smooth above;
flowers creamy white, in large cymes; calyx 6 mm. long, whitish-sericeous, the:
teeth obtuse; corolla 2 cm. broad or larger. ‘“ Grisiné” (Chiapas) ; “ bocote,’”
“soueramo” (Michoacin, Guerrero) ; “ ocotillo meco” (Oaxaca).
The wood is said to be valuable for cabinet work.
7. Cordia guerkeana Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 55: 186. 1913.
Oaxaca; type from Totolapam.
Leaves oblong to broadly obovate or oval-oblong, 4.5 to 9 em. long, obtuse
or rounded at apex, entire or nearly so, glabrate above; flowers fragrant;
calyx 10 to 12 mm. long, fulvous-tomentose, the teeth short, obtuse; corolla.
white, the tube more than twice as long as the calyx. ‘ Laa-zaa-yi-xé’”
(Seler).
8. Cordia boissieri DC. Prodr. 9: 478. 1845.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi. Western Texas.
Shrub or small tree, 8 meters high or less, the trunk up to 20 cm. in
diameter; bark thick, gray, ridged; leaves ovate to oblong, 8 to 12 cm. long,
1220 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
obtuse, rounded or cordate at base, scabrous above, entire or nearly so;
flowers in small dense cymes; calyx 1 em. long, the teeth acute; corolla 3
to 4 cm. long, white, with yellow throat, the lobes crispate; fruit ovoid, 2.5
to 8 em. long, reddish brown, shining, the flesh sweet; wood soft, close-
grained, brown, its specific gravity about 0.68. “ Anacahuite,” ‘ anacahuitl,”
“anacahuita” (Tamaulipas, Guanajuato, Nuevo Leon, Texas; from the
Nahuatl amacuahuitl, “‘ paper-tree”’) ; ‘ siricote” (Tamaulipas) ; “ nacagiiita ”
(Nuevo Leén) ; “trompillo” (Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leén); ‘“ nacahuite” (San
Luis Potosi); ‘‘nacahuitl” (Nuevo Leén).
The tree is often planted for ornament and is very handsome when covered
with flowers. The fruit is eaten by people but if eaten raw it said to cause
dizziness, as if one were intoxicated. Domestic animals are fond of the
fruit and hogs eat the seeds. The wood is of little value, but yokes and
other articles are made from it. All parts of the plant are aromatic. Jelly
made from the fruit is much used as a remedy for coughs and colds. A
decoction of the leaves is a popular domestic remedy for rheumatism and
is generally employed in the treatment of bronchial affections. About 1860
the wood attracted some attention in Germany as a possible remedy for
tuberculosis and quantities of it were exported from Tampico. Analys’s,
however, showed that it did not possess important medicinal properties,
and experience proved that no good results followed its use, consequently it
was not long employed.
9. Cordia morelosana Standl., sp. nov.
Morelos; type from Cuernavaca (Pringle 8205; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 354555).
Small tree; leaves petiolate, broadly elliptic or rounded, 3.5 to 6 cm. long,
2 to 4 em. wide, rounded or apiculate at apex, obtuse or rounded at base,
coriaceous, scabrous above, setose-hispidulous beneath, the venation very
prominent and reticulate beneath; flowers in large dense cymes; calyx 13
mm. long, tubular, striate, densely pilose, the teeth short, obtuse; corolla about
3 em. long, 5 or 6-lobate, the lobes rounded.
10. Cordia gerascanthus L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 936. 1759.
Cordia gerascanthoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 69. 1819.
Yueatén; reported from Tabasco. Greater Antilles.
Tree, 4 to 30 meters high; leaves lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 5 to 12 cm.
long, acute or acuminate, acute at base, entire, glabrous or nearly so;
flowers white, fragrant, in dense cymes; calyx 7 to 10 mm. long, pilose or
tomentulose; corolla about twice as long as the calyx. ‘“‘ Baria” (Tabasco,
Quintana Roo, Cienfuegos); ‘ bohom,” “habeem” (Yucatin, Maya).
The wood is said to be strong and elastic and to be valuable for purposes
of construction.
11. Cordia igualensis Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 632. 1909.
Type from Iguala Canyon, Guerrero, altitude 760 meters.
Leaves elliptic, 12 to 18 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, acute at base,
entire, glabrous above; flowers white, in large cymes; corolla 2.5 cm. long.
12. Cordia tinifolia Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 800. 1819.
Tepic to Guerrero; type from Acapulco.
Tree, 4 to 15 meters high; leaves narrowly oblong to elliptic-oblong, 7 to
15 em. long, acute or acuminate, acute to rounded at base, glabrous above;
flowers white, in large or small cymes, sessile; corolla about 3 cm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. reat
13. Cordia sonorae Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 106. pl. 9. 1891.
Sonora to Guerrero; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 15 meters high; leaves oblong to elliptic, 5 to 11 cm.
long, obtuse, coriaceous, scaberulous or glabrate above; flowers white, in small
dense cymes; corolla 3 cm. long or less. “Asta,” “palo de asta” (Sonora,
Sinaloa).
Cordia langlassei Loesener,’ the type of which came from the Rio Coya-
quilla, Michoacfin or Guerrero, was described from leafless flowering branches.
It is closely related to C. sonorae and probably a synonym.
14. Cordia dodecandra DC. Prodr. 9: 478. 1845.
Cordia heccaidecandra Loesener, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 36: Beibl. 80: 25. 105.
Yucatin and Chiapas. Guatemala.
Tree, 30 meters high or less; leaves oblong to oval or rounded, 6 to 13 cm.
long, obtuse or rounded at base and apex, entire or nearly so, scabrous; flowers
reddish yellow, in small cymes; calyx 1 to 1.5 em. long; corolla about 5 cm.
long; fruit 5 cm. long, greenish or yellowish, slightly acid. ‘Copté,” “ siri-
cote” (Yucatan).
The tree is sometimes cultivated for its edible fruit. The wood is said
to be hard and heavy, to take a fine polish, and to be used for making
furniture. A decoction of the wood or bark is a domestic remedy for colds.
The leaves are used for cleaning dishes and as a substitute for sandpaper.
15. Cordia chiapensis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 52. 1904.
Type from Ocuilapa, Chiapas, altitude 1,020 to 1,140 meters.
Shrub with brown bark; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, 3 to 8 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute at base, serrate, scabrous ;
cymes scorpioid, long-pedunculate, the flowers sessile; calyx 4 mm. long or
less; fruit 6 mm. long.
16. Cordia microsebestena Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 55: 187. 1913.
Oaxaca; type from La Mistequilla, Tehuantepec.
Leaves ovate to rounded, 2 to 6 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, scaberulous
above; cymes few-flowered ; calyx 5 mm. long, 5 or 6-dentate; corolla white.
17. Cordia sebestena L. Sp. Pl. 190. 1753.
? Cordia crispiflora DC. Prodr. 9: 476. 1845.
Yuecatin. Florida and West Indies.
Tree, 10 meters high or less, the trunk up to 15 cm. in diameter; bark
thick, dark brown, blackish, irregularly ridged; leaves ovate to rounded,
8 to 20 em. long, acute to rounded at apex, entire or repand-dentate, scab-
rous above; flowers in large or small cymes, orange; calyx 1 to 1.5 cm.
long; fruit ovoid, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, white; wood hard, close-grained, dark
brown, its specific gravity about 0.71. ‘“‘ Siricote blanco,” “ siricote,” ‘ copté,”
““zac-copté,” “ anacahuite,” ‘‘ anachuita ” (Yucatén) ; “ San Bartolomé” (Porto
Rico) ; “ vomitel colorado” (Cuba, Porto Rico).
The tree is often planted for ornament. The fruit is edible and is said to
have emollient properties and to be used in the treatment of fevers. The plant
has been employed also as a remedy for intestinal and stomach complaints
and for bronchial affections.
18. Cordia pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 169. 1891.
Cordia pringlei altatensis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 219. 1905.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi and Veracruz; type from Las Palmas, San Luis
Potosi. Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
* Repert. Sp. Nov. Medde 12: 240. 1913.
i332 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves ovate-oblong to broadly ovate, 4 to 10
em. long, obtuse, coarsely crenate; heads 2.5 to 3 cm. in diameter, long-pe-
dunculate; corolla white, 1 cm. long or less. “ Huazimilla’” (San Luis Po-
tosi, Seler).
Some of the specimens have been determined as C. macrocephala H. B. K.
19. Cordia stellata Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 86. 1903.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca.
Shrub; leaves ovate to rounded-ovate, 2 to 10 cm. long, obtuse, coarsely
crenate, densely stellate-pubescent; heads long-pedunculate, about 2 cm. in
diameter; corolla white, 1 cm. broad or less.
20. Cordia corymbosa (L.) Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 3838. 18388.
Lantana corymbosa L. Sp. Pl. 628. 1753.
Cordia ulmifolia Juss. in Dum. Cours. Bot. Cult. 2: 148. 1802.
Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America.
Shrub, 2 to 5 meters high, sometimes subscandent; leaves ovate, lance-ob-
long, or elliptic, 3 to 11 cm. long, acute or acuminate, serrate or subentire,
scabrous above, pubescent beneath; heads numerous, about 7 mm. thick;
corolla white, 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit red. ‘“ Basora prieta,” “palo de perico,”
“saraguaso” (Porto Rico); “varilla negra” (Costa Rica).
21. Cordia urticacea Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Real de Guadalupe, Michoacin or Guerrero, altitude 1,200 me-
ters (Langlassé 355; U. 8. Nat. Herb. no. 385888).
Shrub, 2 meters high, the branchlets densely hispid; leaves slender-petiolate,
elliptic or broadly elliptic, 11 to 15 cm. long, 6 to 8 cm. wide, acute, abruptly
decurrent at base, coarsely serrate, hispid-hirsute; peduncles 12 ecm. long,
hispid, the heads 1.5 cm. in diameter; calyx sparsely hispid, the lobes filiform,
2 to 4 mm. long; corolla white, 3 cm. long, the limb 3 cm. broad.
22. Cordia limicola T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 502. 1919.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan.
Shrub; leaves ovate or elliptic, 5 to 8 cm. long, acute, decurrent at base,
coarsely crenate-dentate; peduncles equaling or longer than the leaves, the
heads about 1 cm. in diameter; calyx 8 mm. long.
23. Cordia globosa (Jacq.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 76. 1819.
Varronia globosa Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 14. 1760.
Cordia dasycephala H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 76. 1819.
Sinaloa and Durango to Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Yucatén. West Indies;
Central and South America.
Shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high; leaves narrowly lanceolate to ovate, 2 to 8 cm.
long, obtuse to acuminate, coarsely serrate, very scabrous; heads mostly short-
pedunculate, 1 cm. in diameter or slightly larger; corolla white; fruit red.
“Ateje’? (Cuba); “copillo,’ “saraguaso prieto” (Porto Rico); ‘‘ cuajatinta,”
“zompopo ” (HI Salvador).
24. Cordia perlonga Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 90. 1897.
Type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub with dark brown bark; leaves narrowly lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,
6 to 9 em. long, acuminate, coarsely serrate, very scabrous; peduncles longer
than the leaves, the heads globose or oblong, in fruit 2 to 3 em. long; corolla
white.
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1223
STANDLEY:
25. Cordia appendiculata Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 338. 1912.
Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 3 to
7 cm. long, acute, serrate, appressed-hispid above, setulose-pilose beneath;
heads long-pedunculate, globose, 2 to 3 em. in diameter; corolla white.
Doubtfully distinct from C. perlonga. The description of C. oaracana DC.,
the type of which came from Tololafa, is strongly suggestive of this species,
and that may be the oldest name for it.
26. Cordia podocephala Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 135. 1859.
Nuevo Leén and Tamaulipas. Western Texas; type from San Antonio.
Plants suffrutescent, 30 to 60 cm. high; leaves ovate-oblong to narrowly
lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or acute, coarsely serrate, scabrous;
peduncles longer than the leaves, the heads 6 to 8 mm. thick; corolla white.
27. Cordia ambigua Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 115. 1830.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Slender shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high; leaves broadly ovate or elliptic,
3 to 8 cm. long, acute, coarsely serrate, scabrous above, hirtellous beneath;
heads 7 to 10 mm. in diameter, slender-pedunculate.
28. Cordia cana Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 331. 1844.
Cordia insularis Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 482. 1898.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca. Central America.
Shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate to oblong, ovate, or elliptic,
1.5 to 7.5 em. long, acuminate to obtuse, serrate or subentire, scabrous above,
usually strigose beneath; heads mostly 5 mm. (in fruit often 1 cm. thick) in
diameter, slender-pedunculate; corolla greenish white. ‘“‘ Cuajatinta” (Guate-
mala, El Salvador); “ varilla negra,” ‘“‘ escobillo negro” (El Salvador).
29. Cordia ferruginea Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 468. 1819.
Cordia laxiflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 72. 1819.
Cordia crenulata A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 9: 492, 1845.
Tepic to Chiapas and Veracruz. Guatemala to Colombia.
Shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high, sometimes subscandent; leaves 4 to 15 cm. long,
acute or acuminate, usually rounded and abruptly decurrent at base, serrate
or subentire, scabrous or glabrate above, ferruginous-pubescent beneath ; flowers
in short or elongate, dense or interrupted spikes; corolla greenish white,
about 4 mm. long. ‘‘Bejuco negro” (Guatemala, Honduras) ; ‘“ bubo,” “ gon-
guipo” (Veracruz, Villada).
80. Cordia cylindrostachya (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4:
459. 1819.
Varronia cylindrostachya Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruy. Chil. 2: 23. 1799.
2Cordia obliqua H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 3: 74. 1819.
Cordia linearis A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 9: 493. 1845.
Cordia brevispicata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 117: 331. 1844.
Cordia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 62. 1889.
Cordia socorrensis T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 5. 1899.
Cordia imparilis Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 49: 16. 1917.
Baja California and Sonora to Chiapas, Morelos, and Yucatain. West Indies;
Central and South America; type from Peru.
Aromatic shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves 2 to 10 cm. long, mostly linear,
lanceolate, or oblong, usually serrate, commonly scabrous above and pubescent
?Prodr. 9: 497. 1845.
1224 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
beneath, sometimes merely granular; spikes on long or short peduncles, short
or elongate, usually dense; corolla white, about 4 mm. long; fruit red.
“ Tacotillo,” “vara prieta” (Sinaloa) ; “hierba del pasmo” (Sonora) ; “ azota
caballos” (Tabasco, Rovirosa); ‘“ chovarobo,” “sangre de toro” (Oaxata,
Chiapas, Seler) ; “oreja de ratén” (Conzatti) ; “ xcopché” (Yucatin, Maya) ;
“basora prieta,” “saraguaso” (Porto Rico); “ cuajatinta” (El Salvador).
The specimens exhibit notable variation in pubescence and leaf form, but
they do not afford constant characters for specific segregation. In El Salvador
the plant is said to be used for coagulating rubber and indigo.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CorptaA co~tococca L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 274. 1762. Reported from Oaxaca by
Hemsley, but the report is probably based upon an incorrect identification.
Corp1a FoLIosA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 117: 330. 1844. Type from
Zacuapan, Veracruz.
CoRDIA HARTWISSIANA Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 39. 1858. Type from
southern Mexico.
CorpIA ROTATA Moc.; DC. Prodr. 9: 483. 1845. Based upon one of Sessé and
Mocifio’s plates.
CoRDIA SERRATIFOLIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 8: 76. 1819. Type from
Campeche.
2. BOURRERIA P. Br.; Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 2, 14. 1760.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, petiolate, entire; flowers rather large,
white, in terminal corymb-like cymes; calyx campanulate, 2 to 5-lobate, the
lobes valvate; corolla salverform, the limb usually 5-lobate; styles 2-cleft, the
stigmas flattened; fruit a drupe, containing 4 bony nutlets.
Calyx glabrous outside or nearly so.
YT VIVO TES a OUI a ec eee ee 1. B. pulchra.
Filaments pubescent;
Corolla 2 cm. long or more; leaves obtuse or acute at base.
2. B. formosa,
Corolla about 18 mm. long; leaves mostly subcordate at base.
8. B. purpusii.
Calyx tomentose or sericeous outside.
Leaves abruptly short-acum‘inate; corolla tube much exceeding the calyx.
4. B. rekoi.
Leaves obtuse or rounded at apex; corolla tube about equaling the calyx.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface________________ 5. B. revoluta.
Leaves scaberulous on the upper surface______________ 6. B. obovata.
Leaves strigose or tomentose beneath.
Leaves tomentose or velutinous beneath with loose spreading hairs.
Corolla lobes“oblong,°acutish._29024_ 2.) Sto ee 7. B. sonorae.
Corolla lobes'rounded:= Satta) Vasher eae 8. B. andrieuxii.
Leaves strigose or appressed-pilose beneath.
Leaves 3 times as long as broad or longer, the lateral nerves nearly ob-
solete.._._... __.-__- 409 SOT -Saped = Ef 9. B. spathulata.
Leaves mostly twice as long as broad or less, the lateral nerves con-
SpiclouS_ 20040 99s _Fisoniios Opie ee eae 10. B. strigosa.
i pC. Calq. Dess. Fl. Mex. pl. 880.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1225
1. Bourreria pulchra Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 338. 1912.
Cordia pulchra Millsp. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 36: Beibl. 80: 24. 1905.
Yucatan.
Leaves oblanceolate-oblong to elliptic-oval, 5 to 8 cm. long, obtuse, cuneate
to rounded at base, minutely tomentulose beneath; cymes large, many-flow-
ered; calyx 6 mm. long; corolla about 18 mm. long.
2. Bourreria formosa (DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 369. pl. 59. 1882.
Ehretia formosa DC. Prodr. 9: 510. 1845.
Ehretia formosa oazacana DC. Prodr. 9: 510. 1845.
Oaxaca; type from Tehuantepec. Guatemala and El Salvador.
Tree, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves slender-petiolate, oval to el-
liptic-oblong, 7 to 11 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate; cymes large, many-fiow-
ered; calyx 6 to 8 mm. long. ‘“ Quisjoche” (Costa Rica, cultivated) ; “ esquin-
suche,” “ list6n”’ (El Salvador).
In El Salvador the dried flowers are added to the fermented beverage known
as “agua dulce,” which is prepared from crude sugar.
8. Bourreria purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 191. 1915.
Type from San Gerénimo, Oaxaca.
Shrub; leaves broadly ovate or rounded-ovate, 8 to 12 cm. long, acute, thinly
pilose beneath, at least when young; cymes large, many-flowered; calyx 4 mm.
long.
4. Bourreria rekoi Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Cafetal Alianza, Oaxaca, altitude 700 meters (Reko 3766; U. S.
Nat. Herb. no. 887814).
Young branches sparsely hirtellous; leaves slender-petiolate, obovate or
obovate-oblong, 8 to 16 em. long, 4 to 8 cm. wide, abruptly short-acuminate,
cuneate at base, glabrate above, sparsely and minutely hirtellous beneath or
glabrate; cymes rather few-flowered, pedunculate; calyx 10 to 11 mm. long,
the 5 or 6 lobes shorter than the tube, acuminate, densely hirtellous outside,
tomentose within; corolla granular outside, the tube about 17 mm. long, the
lobes 1 cm. long; filaments pubescent below.
5. Bourreria revoluta H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 67. 1819.
Type from Regla, Hidalgo.
Leaves obovate, 3.5 to 5 em. long, obtuse, acute at base, coriaceous, reticu-
late-veined; cymes pedunculate; calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-dentate, pubes-
cent; fruit subglobose, red.
6. Bourreria obovata Hastw. Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 606. 1909.
Oaxaca; type from Jayacatlan, altitude 1,300 meters.
Leaves obovate, rounded or retuse at apex, attenuate to base; calyx 5-den-
tate, the teeth acute; corolla lobes 5 mm. long.
7. Bourreria sonorae 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 62. 1889.
Baja California and Sonora; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 6 meters high; leaves oblanceolate-oblong to
rounded-obovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, rounded at apex, obtuse to attenuate at
base, very scabrous above, with prominent reticulate venation; cymes few-
flowered or reduced to a single flower; corolla about 1 cm. long; fruit black,
1 cm. or less in diameter.
The fruit is said to be edible and to have a flavor suggesting that of haw-
thorn (Crataegus) fruit.
1226 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Bourreria andrieuxii (DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 369. 1882.
Ehretia andrieuxii DC. Prodr. 9: 510. 1845.
Type from Puebla.
Leaves ovate, 2.5 to 4 em. long, 1.2 to 2 em. wide, rounded at base, canescent-
pubescent ; cymes short, few-flowered; calyx 4 mm. long; corolla tube 4 mm.
long, the lobes 8 mm. long.
9. Bourreria spathulata (Miers) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 370. 1882.
Crematomia spathulata Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. IV. 3: 310. 1869.
Type from Mexico.
Leaves elongate spatulate-oblong, 2.5 to 4 em. long, 6 to 14 mm. wide, obtuse,
seabrid above, strigose beneath, the margins revolute; cymes shorter than the
leaves, 4 to 6-flowered; calyx 6 mm. long; corolla tube 1 cm. long.
10. Bourreria strigosa T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 390. 1909.
Puebla; type from Barranca de Tlacualosto.
Shrub, 1.8 to 3 meters high; leaves nearly sessile, obovate or “ober a 1Se ish
1.5 to 2.5 em. long, rounded at apex, cuneate at base; cymes short, 6 to 12-
flowered; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long; corolla about 8 mm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
BourkRERIA HUANITA (Llave & Lex.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 370. 1882. '
Morelosia huanita Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 1. 1824.
Crematomia huanita Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. IV. 3: 3138. 1869.
Type from Morelia, Michoacan.
Tree; leaves ovate, 7.5 to 10 cm. long, long-petiolate, lustrous; cymes many-
flowered; calyx ventricose-tubular, 5-lobate; corolla tube not exceeding the
calyx, the lobes rounded; filaments tomentose at base.
The writer has seen no specimens of the genus from Michoacin. It is
probable that the plant is the same as B. formosa, and if so the name B. huanita
should replace that one. Bourreria huanita is mentioned in various Mexican
publications and the following vernacular names are reported: ‘ Huanita”
(Michoaein); ‘izquixochitl,” “esquisfichil”; ‘‘jazmin de Tehuantepec”
(Oaxaca) ; “ yaga guiexoba”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec).
3. EHRETIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 936. 1759.
Shrubs or trees; leaves alternate, entire or serrate; flowers small, white,
the cymes arranged in chiefly terminal panicles; calyx 5-parted; corolla tube
short, the limb with 5 obtuse spreading lobes; style bifid; fruit a small drupe.
Leaves entire.
Leaves smooth on the upper surface_-__--____--____--____-- 1. E. tinifolia.
Leaves very scabrous on the upper surface____--__--__--____ 2. E. elliptica.
Leaves serrate, at least near the apex.
Leaves glabrous and smooth beneath____--___________-__--__ 8. E. luxiana.
Leaves scabrous or pubescent beneath, at least aiong the costa.
Leaves mostly rounded or obtuse at apex; corolla puberulent or scaberulous.
2. E. elliptica.
Leaves acute or acuminate; corolla glabrous.
Corolla tapout VO" mim Som ge ea ee ae es 4. E. tehuacana.
Corolla 7 mm. long or less.
Inflorescence glandular-puberulent_________________-___ 5. E. viscosa.
Inflorescence without glandular pubescence.
iLeaves; cordatewatubases.. 2 6 eee ee 6. E. cordifolia.
Leaves rounded to acute at base____________________ 7. E. latifolia.
——
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1227
1. Ehretia tinifolia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 936. 1759.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Yucatéin. West Indies.
Shrub or tree, glabrous throughout or nearly so, sometimes 27 meters high,
with dense crown, the bark rather smooth; leaves petiolate, oblong to ovate,
5 to 12 cm. long, rounded to acutish at apex, obtuse or rounded at base,
lustrous; panicles longer than the leaves, dense or open; corolla white, about
4 mm. long; fruit 5 to 6 mm. in diameter, red or purple. ‘“ Nandimbo”
(Oaxaca) ; ‘“‘manzana” (Tamaulipas, Veracruz) ; “ manzanita’ (Tamaulipas) ;
“roble,” “ beec,” “hee,” “safico” (Yucatén) ; “capulin cimarrén” (Oaxaca) ;
“roble prieto”” (Cuba).
The fruit is edible. The tree is often planted for shade.
The description of H#. longifolia Miers,’ which was based partly upon speci-
mens from Jamaica and partly upon a specimen collected between Tehuacin
and Oaxaca, suggests this species, and Miers’s name is probably to be reduced
to synonymy.
2. Ehretia elliptica DC. Prodr. 9: 503. 1845.
Ehretia ciliata Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. IV. 3: 111. 1869.
Ehretia exasperata Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. IV. 3: 112. 1869.
Coahuila to Guanajuato, Veracruz, and Tamaulipas. Western Texas.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 15 meters high; bark thick, furrowed, separating
‘into thin, gray or reddish scales; leaves oblong to rounded, 3 to 7 cm. long,
usually rounded or obtuse at base and apex, thick, very scabrous or some-
times glabrate beneath; panicles small, dense or open; flowers sweet-scented ;
corolla 6 to 7 mm. long; fruit 5 to 8 mm. in diameter, yellow; wood hard,
weak, brown, close-grained, it specific gravity about 0.64. ‘“ Manzanita,”
“manzanillo” (Tamaulipas) ; “‘anacua” (Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, Texas) ;
“anagua”’ (Nuevo Le6én) ; “ anacahuite” (Guanajuato).
In Texas the tree is known as “sugarberry,” “nockaway,” and ‘“ knack-
away,” the last two names being corruptions of the Mexican “ anacua,” which
is itself an abbreviation of “‘ anacahuite.” The tree is often planted because
of its dense foliage and handsome flowers. The wood is used for wheel spokes,
axles, tool handles, and yokes. The fruit is sweet and edible.
3. Ehretia luxiana Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 18: 5. 1893.
Oaxaca. Guatemala and El Salvador; type from San Miguel Uspantin,
Guatemala.
Small tree; leaves lance-oblong to oblong-oval, 7 to 12 cm. long, acute to
Jong-acuminate, rounded to acute at base, serrate toward the apex, scaberulous
‘or smooth above; panicles small, dense; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long; fruit about
8 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Manzanita” (El Salvador).
4.-Ehretia tehuacana Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 339. 1912.
Puebla; type from Tehuacan.
Leaves ovate-oblong, 4 to 8.5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at base, dentate
toward the apex, scabrous above, hirtellous beneath; fruit 6 to 8 mm. long.
5. Ehretia viscosa Fernald, Trees & Shrubs 1: 25. pl. 13. 1902.
Known only from the type locality, Chapultepec Springs near Cuernavaca,
Morelos, altitude 1,500 meters.
Large tree with dense spreading crown; leaves oblong-ovate to broadly
ovate, 5.5 to 12 em. long, acute, rounded or subcordate at base, scabrous above,
densely velutinous-hirtellous beneath; panicles small and dense; fruit nearly
1 em. long.
+ Ann. Mag. Nat. Uist. IV. 3: 110. 1869.
1228 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Ehretia cordifolia Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 319. 1894.
Type from Zapotlin, Jalisco.
Large tree; leaves ovate, 5 to 7 cm. long, acute, coriaceous, very scabrous ;
panicles small; fruit 8 mm. long.
7. Ehretia latifolia DC. Prodr. 9: 503. 1845.
Ehretia mezicana S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 144. 1891.
Jalisco to Puebla and Oaxaca.
Leaves lance-oblong to broadly ovate or elliptic, 4 to 9 em. long, acuminate,
scabrous or scaberulous; panicles usually as long as the leaves, dense or
open; fruit about 6 mm. long.
4, COLDENTA L. Sp. Pl. 125. 1753.
Herbs or low shrubs; leaves alternate, entire, small; flowers small, axillary
or in terminal heads; calyx 4 or 5-parted, the segments narrow; corolla
subrotate; styles 2, filiform; fruit drupaceous, globose, containing 4 hard nut-
lets.
A few other species, which are wholly herbaceous, occur, in Mexico.
Plants erect; flowers in terminal heads_________.____________ 1. C. greggil.
Plants prostrate or nearly so; flowers axillary.
Leaves linear, rigid. Fruit deeply 4-lobate_____________. 2. C. hispidissima.
Leaves mostly ovate or elliptic.
Leaves hispidulous, green, without tomentum_____________ 3. C. purpusii.
Leaves tomentose, whitish or grayish, often also hispidulous.
Leaves canescent-tomentose, the pubescence all appressed.
4. C. canescens.
Leaves hispid with spreading hairs and also tomentose.
Nutlets about 1 mm. long; petioles nearly as long as the blades.
5. C. mexicana.
Nutlets 1.5 mm. long; petioles very short__________ 6. C. tomentosa.
1. Coldenia greggii (Torr.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 21: 182. 1878.
Piilocalyx greggit Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 2: 110. pl. 8. 1855.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, and Zacatecas; type from Buena Vista,
Coahuila. Western Texas and southern New Mexico.
Shrub, 60 em. high or less, much branched; leaves ovate or oval, 5 to 8
mm. long, canescent-tomentose, short-petiolate; calyx lobes filiform, plumose
with long hairs; corolla 5 mm. long; fruit 4-sulcate. ‘“ Cenizo,” “ hierba del
ecenizo” (Durango).
2. Coldenia hispidissima (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 340. 1862.
Eddya hispidissima Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 2: 170. pl. 9. 1855. .
Chihuahua and Coahuila. Western Texas to Arizona and Utah; type col-
lected near El Paso, Texas.
Plants suffrutescent, much branched; leaves mostly sessile, 4 to 8 mm. long,
hispid and puberulent, revolute, the costa thick and conspicuous; calyx lobes
linear.
8. Coldenia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 186. 1911.
San Luis Potosi; type from Minas de San Rafael.
Plants suffrutescent, hispid; leaves ovate or elliptic, 5 to 8 mm. long, acute,
petiolate; calyx lobes linear; corolla purplish.
4. Coldenia canescens DC. Prodr. 9: 559. 1845.
Stegnocarpus canescens Torr. U. S. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 2: 169. 1855.
Chihuahua to Zacatecas, Hidalgo, and Tamaulipas; type collected between
Santander and Victoria, Tamaulipas. Western Texas to Arizona.
—
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1229
Plants frutescent, canescent-sericeous or tomentose; leaves petiolate, mostly
ovate or elliptic, 5 to 12 mm. long; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate; corolla
purplish, 6 to 7 mm. broad. ‘“ Hierba de la virgen” (Coahuila, San Luis
Potosi).
The plant is employed locally as a remedy for dysentery.
5. Coldenia mexicana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 119. 1883.
Coahuila; type from Saltillo.
Plants prostrate, fruticose, setose-hispid and canescent-tomentose; leaves
ovate to broadly elliptic; flowers sessile; calyx lobes narrowly linear; co-
rolla pink, 6 mm. long.
6. Coldenia tomentosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 120. 1888.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; type from the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo,
Coahuila.
Plants fruticose, setose-hispid and canescent-hispid ; leaves lance-ovate, revo-
lute; corolla purple.
5. TOURNEFORTIA L. Sp. Pl. 140. 1753.
Shrubs or small trees, often scandent; leaves entire; flowers small, in scor-
pioid cymose spikes or racemes; calyx 5-parted; corolla salverform, usually
white, the throat naked; stamens included; fruit drupaceous, small, contain-
ing 4 nutlets.
Corolla lobes linear to triangular, acute or acuminate.
Leaves glabrous beneath or sparsely scabrous or scaberulous.
Calyx equaling thelcorolla tubes. 2 ns ea ee 1. T. umbellata.
Calyx much shorter than the corolla tube.
Lobes of the corolla as long as the tube; fruit sericeous__4. T. potosina.
Lobes much shorter than the tube; fruit glabrous or glabrate.
Rruiie s ODOSe-OVOLd entire= so. ee ee 2. T. glabra.
Hroipestobose, 4-lobated 2242 eer neem Ue ee 8. T. peruviana.
Leaves densely sericeous or pubescent beneath.
Corolla lobes almost filiform, equaling the tube___________ 4, T. potosina.
Corolla lobes linear or broader, shorter than the tube.
Corollastube:2.5: tote mms longt st 205 Pe ee eer 5. IT. volubilis.
Corolla tube 5 to 8 mm. long.
Muberabat: Ouminasl on ye oe ee Fea a ANE Be 6. T. nelsoni.
AT UIPEwWSr MM) long. Se ie ete Se a See 7. T. caeciliana.
Corolla lobes broad, obtuse.
Leaves linear or oblong-linear, very obtuse_____________ 8. T. gnaphalodes.
Leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate, usually acute or acuminate.
Calyx lobes equaling the corolla, obtuse_____-__________- 9. T. calycina.
Calyx lobes shorter than the corolla.
Cymes dense, composed of 2 to 4 short spikes; leaves densely pubescent
beneath, at least when young, often sessile.
Leaves mostly obtuse, crispate, the pubescence soft to the touch.
10. T. mollis.
Leaves acute or acuminate, not crispate, the pubescence harsh.
11. T. hartwegiana.
Cymes usually lax, composed of numerous spikes, these Sften elongate;
leaves often glabrate, petiolate.
Leaves usually densely sericeous or pubescent beneath; calyx com-
monly half as long as the corolla tube or shorter.
12. T. hirsutissima.
T9688—24——25
1230 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves glabrate or thinly scabrous beneath, or hirtellous along the
nerves; calyx often more than half as long as the corolla tube.
Calyx lobes more than half as long as the corolla tube.
13. T. densiflora.
Calyx lobes less than half as long as the corolla tube.
Calyx lobes obtuse or acute; leaves usually glabrous.
14, T. bicolor.
Calyx lobes acuminate; leaves hirtellous beneath upon the nerves.
15. T. petiolaris,
1. Tournefortia umbellata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 79. pl. 202. 1819.
Yucatin and Campeche; type collected near Campeche.
Low shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or lance-ob-
Icng, 6 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, attenuate at base, glabrous; spikes several,
elongate; corolla 3 to 4 mm. long, glabrous or scaberulous.
2. Tournefortia glabra L. Sp. Pl. 141. 1753.
Tournefortia cymosa L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 202. 1762.
Tepiec to Oaxaca and Veracruz. West Indies and Central America.
Large shrub or small tree; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, 6 to 16
em. long, acuminate at base and apex, glabrous or sparsely sericeous when
young; spikes usually numerous, slender, elongate; corolla whitish, the tube
about 4 mm. long; fruit white, 5 mm. or less in diameter. ‘“ Limoncillo”
(Veracruz).
In Oaxaca the leaves are applied as poultices to the feet as a remedy for
influenza. <A decoction of the plant is said to be employed in Veracruz,
externally, as a remedy for rheumatism.
8. Tournefortia peruviana Poir. in Lam. Encycl. Suppl. 4: 425. 1816.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz. West Indies and South America.
Shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves ovate or ovate-obiong, 6 to 11 cm. long, acuimi-
nate, rounded or obtuse at base, smooth; spikes usually numerous, slender,
lax; corolla tube 5 to 6 mm. long; fruit yellowish, 6 mm. or less in diameter.
Some of the Mexican specimens have been determined incorrectly as T.
laurifolia Vent.
4. Tournefortia potosina Standl., sp. nov.
San Luis Potosi; type from Tamasopo Canyon, altitude 750 meters (Pringle
3518; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 316801).
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, the young branches strigose; leaves petiolate,
lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 4 to 18 cm. long, acute to long-acuminate, obtuse
or rounded at base, strigose-scabrous or glabrate above, densely strigose-
scabrous beneath when young; cymes usually much branched, the spikes
slender and lax, the flowers pedicellate; calyx lobes strigose, subulate, about
half as long as the corolla tube; corolla strigose, the tube 2 to 3 mm. long,
the lobes filiform-subulate, fully as long; fruit ovoid-globose, densely sericeous,
terete.
Purpus 5377 and 5378 from Minas de San Rafael represent the same species.
5. Tournefortia volubilis L. Sp. Pl. 140. 1753.
Tournefortia velutina H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 79. pl. 201. 1819.
Tournefortia floribunda H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 79. 1819.
Messerschmidia candida Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 334. 1844.
Tournefortia candida Walp. Repert. Bot. 6: 556. 1846-47.
Baja California and Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, and Oaxaca.
Southern Florida; West Indies; Central and South America.
ee oe
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. IBS hI
Shrub, suberect with pendent branches or scandent; leaves lanceolate to
oblong-ovate, 4 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, usually
grayish-sericeous, densely so beneath; spikes few or numerous, lax, long and
slender; corolla tube about 3 mm. long, the lobes short; fruit 5 mm. or less
in diameter. ‘‘ Xulkin” (Yucatan, Maya) ; “ comida de culebra” (Nicaragua) ;
“pringamoza”’ (Porto Rico).
6. Tournefortia nelsoni Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 23: 10. 1897.
Veracruz and Puebla. Guatemala; type collected between San Martin and
Todos Santos.
Seandent shrub; leaves petiolate, elliptic or ovate, 10 to 30 cm. long, acumi-
nate, rounded or obtuse and decurrent at base, densely brownish-pubescent
beneath ; cymes large, the spikes numerous, elongate.
7. Tournefortia caeciliana Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 55: 190. 1913.
Type collected near Ococingo, Chiapas.
Leaves petiolate, oblong, 18 to 27 ecm. long, caudate-acuminate, cuneate at
base, densely velutinous beneath; spikes numerous, elongate; fruit 7 to 8
mm. long.
8. Tournefortia gnaphalodes (L) R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 496. 1810.
Heliotropium gnaphalodes lL. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1913. 1759.
Matlotonia gnaphalodes Britton, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 47. 1915.
Yucatan, on seashores. Florida; West Indies. -
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, densely silvery-sericeous throughout; leaves
4 to 10 cm. long; cymes headlike, with 2 to 4 short branches; calyx lobes
nd
obtuse, nearly as long as the corolla; fruit ovoid, black, 5 mm. long. ‘“Té
del mar,” ‘temporana” (Porto Rico).
9. Tournefortia calycina Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 139. 1844.
Michoacéin to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco.
Low shrub; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to broadly ovate, 6 to 12 cm.
long, acuminate, attenuate or abruptly decurrent at base, scabrous; cymes
~
composed of usually 4 dense spikes; corolla white, the tube 6 to 7 mm. long.
10. Tournefortia mollis (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 10: 50. 1875.
Heliophytum molle Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 138. 1859.
Tournefortia monclovana A. Gray, Proe. Amer. Acad. 18: 120. 1883.
Chihuahua and Coahuila. Western Texas, the type collected opposite Pre-
sidio del Norte.
Plants about 30 cm. high or less, erect, chiefly herbaceous, soft-pubescent
throughout; leaves lance-oblong to deltoid-ovate, 8 to 10 em. long, rounded or
truncate at base and often short-decurrent; corolla tube 4 mm. long.
11. Tournefortia hartwegiana Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 693. 1841.
Tournefortia capitata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 332. 1844.
Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Oaxaca;
type from Bolanos, Jalisco.
Erect shrub, 1 to 4 meters high; leaves lanceolate, oblanceolate, or elliptic-
oblong, 5 to 13 cm. long, acuminate, attenuate at base, scabrous above, sca-
berulous or pubescent beneath; flowers sweet-scented; corolla white, the tube
about 6 mm. long; fruit white. ‘“ Hierba del zapo,” “ hierba del burro,” ‘ con-
fite coyote”’ (Sinaloa).
12. Tournefortia hirsutissima L. Sp. Pl. 140. 1753.
?Tournefortia asperrima Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 333. 1844.
Messerschmidia chrysantha Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 334. 1844.
Tournefortia chrysantha Walp. Repert. Bot. 6: 556. 1846-47.
1232 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Puebla, and Guerrero. West Indies; Cen-
tral and South America.
Seandent shrub, the stems usually hirsute or hispid; leaves lance-oblong to
elliptic or ovate-oval, 8 to 15 cm. long, acuminate, rounded to acute at base,
scabrous above; cymes usually large and broad; corolla white, the tube 4 to
6 mm. long. “Amapa hasta,” “perlas” (Sinaloa); “ tlachichinoa” (Puebla,
Morelos, Oaxaca); “tlepatli” (Jalisco, Urbina); “ ortiguilla” (Herrera) ;
“nigua” (Cuba, Porto Rico) ; ‘‘mata de nigua,” “‘nigua peluda,” “ bejuco de
nigua” (Porto Rico) ; “lagrimas de San Pedro” (Colombia) ; “ tiricia,” “ fru-
tilla’”’ (Nicaragua).
The hairs of the stems penetrate the skin readily and cause irritation.
The crushed leaves have been applied in the West Indies to the skin for the
purpose of removing chiggers (‘“‘niguas”’), and are said to be effective. The
decoction of the plant is sometimes used as a wash to cure cutaneous diseases
and ulcers of the mouth. The roots are reported to have diuretic properties.
13. Tournefortia densiflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11’: 333. 1844.
Tournefortia trichocalycina DC. Prodr. 9: 517. 1845.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Tampico, Tamauli-
pas. Guatemala.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to ovate, 5 to 16
em. long, acuminate, usually attenuate at base, scabrous; spikes few or nu-
merous; corolla white, the tube about 7 mm. long; calyx lobes linear-attenuate.
* Hierba del negro” (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “ hierba rasposa” (Morelos) ; “ topoya ”
(Oaxaca).
A decoction of the plant is said to be administered as a remedy for intestinal
affections. In Oaxaca the plant is employed as a remedy for wounds and
pimples.
14. Tournefortia bicolor Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 40. 1788.
Stenostomum dichotomum DC. Prodr. 4: 461. 1830.
Michoacin to Oaxaca, Tabasco, and Veracruz. West Indies; Central and
South America.
Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high, erect or subscandent, glabrous or nearly so;
leaves oblong to broadly elliptic, 6 to 16 cm. long, obtuse to acuminate, acute
to rounded at base, lustrous; cymes usually large and composed of numerous
spikes; corolla white, the tube 4 to 5 em. long; fruit white. ‘“ Bejuco de
nigua ” (Porto Rico).
15. Tournefortia petiolaris DC. Prodr. 9: 520. 1845.
Morelos; type from somewhere in Mexico.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate or elliptic, 9 to 21 em. long,
acuminate at base and apex, thin, scaberulous above; spikes elongate, lax;
corolla white, the tube about 7 mm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
TOURNEFORTIA ELLIPTICA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 332. 1844. Type
from the city of Veracruz.
TOURNEFORTIA HERNANDESII Dunal; DC. Prodr. 9: 529. 1845.- Type from some-
where in Mexico.
TOURNEFORTIA SCHIEDEANA Don, Hist. Dichl. Pl. 4: 368. 1839. Type from
Jalapa, Veracruz.
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1233
6. HELIOTROPIUM L. Sp. Pl. 180. 1753.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves alternate or opposite, entire; flowers small, in
secund spikes or in bifid cymes, sometimes axillary; calyx 5-parted or 5-lobate,
the lobes usually narrow; corolla salverform, the lobes broad or narrow; style
short or elongate, the stigma conic or elongate; fruit dry, 2 or 4-lobate, separat-
ing into 2 or 4 nutlets.
Numerous herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
Flowers subtended by bracts or leaves, never in forked spikes.
Fowers few, crowded at the ends of the branches____1. H. confertifolium.
Flowers numerous, mostly in secund spikes.
Leaves narrowly linear, 1.5 mm. wide or less_____-_ 2. H. angustifolium.
Leaves linear or broader, 2.5 to 10 mm. wide.
Mic olaprOUus= ease a ee ae eee 3. H. rugosum.
Fruit strigose.
Pubescence of the stems chieily of reflexed hairs___.4. H. mexicanum.
Pubescence of the stems of erect hairs____________ 5. H. fruticosum.
Vlowers in ebracteate spikes, these usually forked and forming cymes.
Fruit at maturity separating into 2 2-celled nutlets______ 6. H. parviflorum.
Fruit separating into 4 1-celled nutlets.
Stems hirsute with spreading hairs, the pubescence fulvous.
7. H. jaliscense.
Stems strigose or pilose with ascending hairs, the pubescence white or
gray.
Hairs on the lower surface of the leaves loose, not closely appressed.
8. H. coriaceum,
Hairs on the lower surface of the leaves very closely appressed.
heaves) linearustronelyi Tevolwiies = eas 9. H. pueblense.
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, not revolute__10. H. calcicola.
1. Heliotropium confertifolium Torr.; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 27: 184. 1874.
Heliotropium limbatum confertifolium Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 138.
1859.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosi. Western Texas; type from
Leon Springs.
Plants suffrutescent, 30 cm. high or less, much branched, densely whitish-
sericeous; leaves linear or narrowly oblong, 4 to 8 mm. long, crowded and
imbricate; corolla pale purple, the tube about equaling the calyx.
2. Heliotropium angustifolium Torr. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 137. 1859.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi. Western Texas.
Plants fruticose or suffrutescent, slender, 30 cm. high or less, canescent-
strigose ; leaves 8 to 20 mm. long, spreading, sessile; corolla scarcely exceeding
the calyx, the lobes acute.
3. Heliotropium rugosum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 336. 1844.
Type from plains of Hjutla, Oaxaca.
Plants fruticose, pilose; leaves lanceolate, petiolate, 3.5 em. long attenuate
at each end, rugose above; corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx.
4, Heliotropium mexicanum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 484. 1898.
Chihuahua and Durango to Oaxaca and San Luis Potosi; type from
Guanajuato.
Plants suffrutescent, 60 cm. high or less; leaves oblong-linear to linear-
lanceolate, 1 to 5 cm. long, subsessile, strigose and hirtellous; corolla white,
5 to 6 mm. long.
1234 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Heliotropium fruticosum L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 913. 1759.
Sonora to Veracruz, Yucatin, and Oaxaca. West Indies; Central and
south America.
Plants fruticose or suffrutescent, usually 60 em. high or less, canescent-
strigose; leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1.5 to 5 cm. long; corolla white,
about 5 mm. long. ‘‘ Hierba de la mula” (Sinaloa); “hierba del loro” (El
Salvador).
A decoction of the plant is employed in Sinaloa as a remedy for fevers.
6. Heliotropium parviflorum L. Mant. Pl. 2: 201. 1771.
Baja California and Sinaloa to Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, and
Puebla. Florida; West Indies; Central and South America. a
Plants chiefly herbaceous but often suffrutescent below, 1 meter high or
less, green, sparsely hirsute or hirtellous; leaves lanceolate to ovate, 3 to 10
em. long, obtuse or acute, petiolate; spikes usually much elongate; corolla
white, 2 mm. long or less. “ Rabo de mico,” “nemax” (Yucatan) ; “ borraja”’
(El Salvador) ; “ flor de alacran ” (Guatemala).
In Yucatin the plant is used as a remedy for nosebleed, diseases of the
gums, and dysentery. :
7. Heliotropium jaliscense Macbride, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 542. 1916.
Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from San Sebastian, Jalisco.
Plants fruticose or suffrutescent, green; leaves petiolate, lanceolate or
lance-oblong, 5 to 10 em. long, hispidulous; corolla 3.5 to 4 mm. long; fruit
glabrous.
8. Heliotropium coriaceum Lehm. Act. Nov. Nat. Cur. 14?: 810. 1829.
Chiapas.
Plants erect, fruticose; leaves short-petiolate or sessile, lance-oblong, 1.5 to
4.5 cm. long, acute, hispidulous above; corolla white, about 5 mm. long.
9. Heliotropium pueblense Standl., sp. nov.
Puebla; type from Tehuacéin (Rose, Painter é Rose 9979; U. S. Nat. Herb.
no. 453474).
Erect shrub; leaves linear or oblong-linear, subsessile, 6 to 20 mm. long,
acute or obtuse, densely cinereous-strigose, the margins strongly revolute;
peduncles 12 mm. long or less, bifid, the spikes few-flowered, less than 1 cm.
long, the flowers sessile; calyx lobes lance-oblong, 1.5 mm. long, acute; corolla
2 to 2.5 mm. long, densely strigose outside.
Purpus 6502 from Tehuacin belongs to this species.
10. Heliotropium calcicola Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 62. 1907.
Heliotropium petraeum T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 384. 1913.
Guerrero to Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Iguala Canyon, Guerrero,
altitude 750 meters.
Shrub, 0.5 to 1.2 meters high; leaves subsessile, 2 to 6 em. long, obtuse or
acute, silvery-sericeous or strigose, more densely so beneath; branches of the
eyme short or elongate; corolla white, 2 to 2.5 mm. long.
DOUBTFUL GENERA.
Rhabdia lycioides Mart. (=Rotula aquatica Lour.) is reported from Oaxaca
by Hemsley. No North American specimens have been seen by the writer.
146. VERBENACEAE, Vervain Family.
Shrubs or trees, sometimes herbs; leaves usually opposite or verticillate,
simple or digitately compound, estipulate; flowers perfect, usually irregular ;
calyx inferior, persistent, campanulate or tubular, 4 or 5-lobate or dentate;
ee Oe ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1335
corolla gamopetalous, the tube cylindric or ampliate above, often curved, the
limb 4 or 5-lobate, often bilabiate; perfect stamens 4 or 2, attached to the
corolla and alternate with the lobes; style simple, entire or shortly bilobate;
fruit drupaceous or subcapsular, 2 or 4-celled.
Several genera are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species.
NECA VES a CISA Lely COMO UT Cre ee Se ee 1. VITEX.
Leaves simple.
Flowers in heads, spikes, or racemes, rarely solitary in the leaf axils.
Hruitewith: 4stoubsspines ateapex.. 22 225i oe ee eee 2. GHINIA.
Fruit without spines.
Flowers racemose.
Calyx deeply lobate, strongly accrescent, blue; fruit dry__3. PETREA.
Calyx shallowly dentate, not blue; fruit fleshy.
Stigma bilobate; drupe containing 2 2-seeded nutlets.
4. CITHAREXYLUM,
Stigma 4lobate; drupe containing 4 2-seeded nutlets.
5. DURANTA.
Flowers spicate or capitate.
Stamens.2;)spikes. termina lies _ 226s era dk 6. VALERIANOIDES.
Stamens 4; spikes or heads axillary and terminal.
SPARS UM ey CUTS 2h iy 0S oa Rh RN esha Dad enh 8 7%. LIPPIA.
Brwit= fleshiystrcedtee a4 bts _ eta ieee aan da! oF 8. LANTANA.
flowers in cymes or panicles.
Fruit capsular; cymes very dense, headlike.___________ 9. AVICENNIA.
Fruit drupaceous; cymes loose and open.
Nutlets of the fruit united.
Nutlets united to form a single stone______________ 10. CORNUTIA.
NutletScCOheringwinG Dales. es Le ae 11, CLERODENDRUM.
Nutlets distinct.
IN usta fap Dp aS eS a a a eS) Jan ge 12. PETITIA.
Nutlets 4.
Branches of the style short, obtuse____________ 13. CALLICARPA.
Branches of the style subulate__________________ 14. AEGIPHILA.
1. VITEX L. Sp. Pl. 638. 1753.
Shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, digitately compound, the leaflets entire;
eymes axillary or in terminal panicles; calyx campanulate, 5-dentate; co-
rolla tube short, the limb oblique, somewhat bilabiate, 5-lobate; stamens 4;
fruit drupaceous.
Leaflets usually 3; corolla densely sericeous-pilose outside_______ 1. V. mollis.
Leaflets mostly 5; corolla sparsely puberulent or glabrate.
Leaflets densely tomentulose beneath.
Corolla about 12 mm. long, the throat villous__________ 2. V. pyramidata.
Corolla about 8 mm. long, the throat not villous__________ 3. V. gaumeri.
Leaflets glabrous beneath or nearly so____________________ 4. V. hemsleyi.
1. Vitex mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 245. 1817.
Vitex lasiophylla Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 155. 1844.
Baja California to Chihuahua, Morelos, and Oaxaca; type from Chilpan-
cingo, Guerrero.
Large or medium-sized tree, 18 meters high or less, the bark grayish or
brown, shredded; leaves long-petiolate, the leaflets normally 3, rarely 5, oblong
to oval-oblong, 12 cm. long or less, obtuse or rounded at apex, densely velu-
1236 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
tinous-pilose beneath; cymes few-flowered, axillary, long-pedunculate, densely
pilose; corolla 1 em. long; fruit globose, 1 to 2 em. in diameter, bluish black.
“Torete,” “negro coyote,” ‘“tescalama” (Sinaloa); ‘‘ ahuilote” (Jalisco, Co-
lima); “agtiilote” (Jalisco); ‘‘atuto” (Michoacin); ‘ coyotomate” (Guer-
rero, Colima) ; “uvalama” (Baja California, Durango, Sinaloa); “ uvalano ”
(Jalisco); “obalamo” (Sinaloa); “‘ualama,” “valama” (Durango); “ agua-
malario’” (Tepic).
The fruit is edible and is often sold in the markets. A decoction of the
fruit and leaves is employed as a remedy for diarrhoea.
2. Vitex pyramidata Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 321. 1894.
Sonora to Durango and Jalisco; type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Shrub or sometimes a large tree, usually 15 meters high or less; leaves long-
petiolate, the leaflets elliptic to lance-oblong, 18 ecm. long or less, rounded
to acuminate at apex, obtuse or rounded at base, glabrate above, beneath
densely and minutely grayish-tomentulose; flowers in panicled cymes, the
panicles axillary, pyramidal, many-flowered, about as long as the leaves; fruit
about 1 cm. in diameter. ‘‘ Tescalama,” “ negrito coyote” (Sinaloa).
The fruit is edible.
8. Vitex gaumeri Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 260. 1907.
Yucatin; type from Izamal.
Tree, 10 to 15 meters high; leaflets 5 or 7, ovate to elliptic-oblong, 5 to 11
em. long, usually short-acuminate, obtuse to subcordate at base, pale and
tomentulose beneath; cymes in axillary panicles, many-flowered; flowers
bright purple; fruit about 1.5 cm. in diameter. ‘“ Yaxnic” (Maya).
4. Vitex hemsleyi Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 347. 1896.
Oaxaca; type collected between Juquila and Tutapeque.
Leaflets 5, ovate-elliptic or elliptic-obovate, 8 to 12 em. long, acuminate, ob-
tuse or acute at base, glabrous, at least in age; cymes many-flowered; corolla
7 to 8 mm. long, villous in the throat.
2. GHINIA Schreb. Gen. Pl. 19. 1789.
Small shrubs or sometimes herbs; leaves opposite, petiolate, coarsely toothed ;
flowers in long, terminal and axillary racemes; calyx tubular, 5-costate; corolla
~ with slender tube, the limb spreading, 5-lobate; stamens 4; fruit dry, hard,
with 4 short stout spines at apex.
Corolla 6 to 7 mm. long; leaves scaberulous on the upper surface.
1. G. curassavica.
Corolla about 15 mm. long; leaves glabrous on the upper surface.
2. G. euphrasiifolia.
1. Ghinia curassavica (l.) Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 174. 1906.
Verbena curassavica L. Sp. Pl. 19. 1753.
Tamonea curassavica Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 189. 1806.
Tamonea scabra Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 99. 1830.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Yucatan. West Indies.
Low shrub, or sometimes herbaceous, 60 cm. high or less; leaves ovate or
rhombic-ovate, 1 to 4 cm. long, obtuse or acute, coarsely crenate-serrate,
sparsely scaberulous; calyx 4 mm. long.
‘2. Ghinia euphrasiifolia (Robinson) Standl.
Tamonea euphrasiifolia Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 613. 1909.
Type from Alta Mira, Tamaulipas.
Low much-branched shrub, the branchlets puberulent; leaves deltoid-ovate,
4 to 6 mm. long, puberulent beneath ; calyx 6 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. F237
8. PETREA L. Sp. Pl. 626. 1753.
1. Petrea arborea H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 282. 1817.
Petrea mexicana Schiede, Linnaea 6: 373. 1831.
Petrea ovata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11?: 329. 1844.
Guerrero to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatan, Tabasco, and Chiapas. Central
and South America.
Large woody vine; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, elliptic-oblong to elliptic-
oval or obovate-oblong, 4.5 to 14 em. long, obtuse or acute, often subcordate
at base, entire, coriaceous, scaberulous; flowers blue, in long pendent racemes;
calyx tube very short, the lobes oblong or linear-oblong, in fruit 1.5 to 2 cm.
long, blue, obtuse or acute; corolla funnelform, about 1 cm. long; fruit a
small coriaceous indehiscent capsule. “ Opp tzimin” (Yucatan, Maya) ; “ toto-
postillo,” “soltero” (Oaxaca); ‘“bejuco de caballo” (Yucatan, Veracruz) =
“raspa-sombrero,” ‘“ jazmin,” ‘“coamecate azul” (Veracruz); ‘ choreque”
(Costa Rica); “buiri” (Panama); ‘“hoja chigiie” (Nicaragua); “flor de
Santa Maria” (Tabasco); “jazmin azul,’ ‘“chaparrito” (Colombia) ;
“ adelfa,” “flor de Jestis,” ‘lengua de vaca,” ‘“ Adolfina” (El Salvador).
The vine is an extremely showy one when in flower, and it (or P. volubdilis
L.) is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental plant under the name of “ pur-
ple wreath.” The tough stems are employed as a substitute for rope.
Petrea volubilis L. has been reported from Mexico but probably incorrectly.
4, CITHAREXYLUM L. Sp. PI. 625. 1753.
Shrubs or trees; leaves opposite or ternate, entire or toothed; flowers small,
in axillary or terminal racemes, rarely solitary in the leaf axils; calyx tu-
bular-campanulate, truncate or 4 or 5-dentate, persistent in fruit; corolla tube
eylindrie, the limb 5-lobate, the lobes subequal; stamens 4; fruit drupaceous.
The fruits of some species are edible. The plants are used in domestic
medicine, emmenagogue and pectoral properties being ascribed to them. Some
species furnish hard strong wood, which is useful for various purposes. The
following vernacular names are reported for plants of the genus whose specific
identity is uncertain: ‘“‘Chachalaca” (Michoacin); ‘ naranjillo,” “ tepesi,”
“roble,” “roble amarillo” (Veracruz); “comida de cuervo” (Durango).
Flowers solitary in the leaf axils or in 2 to 4-flowered racemes.
Meavesmessathanwd Lens lon se ees eS eee 1. C. brachyanthum.
Leaves 2 to 6 cm. long or more, glabrous or pubescent.
Leaves glabrous beneath or very minutely and obscurely puberulent.
2. C. tetramerum.
Leaves hirtellous or tomentose beneath.
Calyx in fruit 4 to 4.5 mm. long; leaves mostly rounded at base.
38. C. altamiranum.
Calyx in fruit 2 to 2.5 mm. long; leaves decurrent at base___4. C. rosei.
Flowers in elongate many-flowered racemes.
Leaves copiously hirtellous or pilose beneath with spreading hairs.
Leaves flabelliform, 13 mm. long or less, crenate-lobate.
5. C. flabellifolium.
Leaves never flabelliform, much larger, entire or serrate.
Leaves stellate-tomentose beneath_-______--__________ 6. C. rugendasii.
Leaves pubescent with simple hairs.
Flowers 9 to 15 mm. long.
Leaves densely hirtellous beneath; calyx 6 to 7 mm. long.
7. C. kerber.
Leaves glabrous beneath except in the axils of the lateral nerves;
cally 4 mm slong 3 te SU ee ee 8. C. trinerve.
79688—24——26
1238 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Flowers 8 mm. long or less.
Calyx lobes spreading, elongate, acuminate_____-_____ 9. C. incanum,
Calyx lobes erect, short, obtuse, or the calyx truncate.
Leaves coriaceous when mature, prominently reticulate-veined ;
racemes chiefly straight, not nodding______ 10. C. berlandieri.
Leaves thin, not prominently reticulate; racemes usually curved
and nodding.
Calyx 5 mm. long; corolla tube not or scarcely exceeding the
COLYER oe a re eee ee 11. C. bourgeauianum.
Calyx 3 mm. long; corolla tube conspicuously exceeding the
Cally ke. Ee eee 12. C. ovatifolium.
Leaves glabrous beneath or very minutely and obscurely puberulent.
Corolla lobes finely puberulent outside.
Leaves very obtuse, rounded, or emarginate at apex, coriaceous, with
very prominent reticulate venation______________ 18. C. ellipticum.
Leaves mostly acute or acuminate, thin or coriaceous, the venation not
very prominent and reticulate.
Calyx deoato 2mm: Jong: ke a eee 14, C. glabrum.
Calyx 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long.
Leayes very lustrous on the upper surface; branches subterete.
15. C. lucidum.
Leayes dull; branches sharply 4 or 6-angulate__16. C. hexangulare.
Corolla lobes glabrous outside, often ciliate.
Petioles 5 mm. long or less. Corolla lobes strongly ciliate.
17. C. pringlei.
Petioles mostly 1 to 4 cm. long.
Corolla 6 to 7 mm. long, the lobes eciliate or nearly so__18. C. affine.
Corolla 3.5 to 4 mm. long, the lobes strongly ciliate____19. C. schottii.
1. Citharexylum brachyanthum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 21: 458. 1886.
Lycium brachyanthum A. Gray; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 426. 1882.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, Zacatecas, and Hidalgo; type from Coahuila. West-
ern Texas.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, with stiff subspinose branchlets; leaves linear-
spatulate to obovate, subsessile, entire, puberulent or pubescent; flowers soli-
tary or fasciculate; calyx about 2.5 mm. long, 5-dentate; corolla white, 4 mm.
long; fruit 6 mm. in diameter.
2. Citharexylum tetramerum T. §. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 390.
1909.
San Luis Potosi and Puebla; type from Cerro de Matzize, near San Luis
Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, 2.5
to 6 em. long, short-petiolate, obtuse or subacute, glabrous beneath or obscure-
ly. puberulent, glandular-punctate; flowers solitary or in 2 or 3-flowered ra-
cemes, 4-parted; calyx 2.5 mm. long; corolla white, 4 to 5 mm. long.
Tt is probable that the oldest name for this plant is C. lycioides D. Don.*’ That
species was described from Mexico, no definite locality being given.
3. Citharexylum altamiranum Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 259. 1907.
Querétaro; type from Hacienda del Ciervo.
Leaves elliptic to suborbicular, 2 to 4 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex,
usually entire, hirsute-pubescent; calyx 5-dentate; fruit 7 to 8 mm. long.
* Edinburgh New Phil. Journ. 11: 237. 1831.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1239
4, Citharexylum rosei Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 260. 1907.
Type from San Pablo, Querétaro.
Leaves ovate or rhombic-ovate, 1 to 3 em. long, obtuse, cinereous-tomentose
beneath, entire; fruit 7 to 8 mm. long.
5, Citharexylum flabellifolium S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 67. 1889.
Baja California and Sonora; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrub, the branches terete; leaves rounded or truncate at apex, petiolate,
hirtellous; calyx 6 mm. long, inclosing the fruit, the teeth subulate; corolla
dark violet, 12 mm. long, the tube not exserted; fruit black, 4 to 6 mm. in
diameter.
6. Citharexylum rugendasii Cham. Linnaea 7: 120. 1882.
2Citharexzylum rugendasii endlichit Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 9:
367. 1911.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Medium-sized tree, the branches tetragonous; leaves ovate-oblong, 10 to 20
em. long, 5 to 9 cm. wide, short-acuminate, rounded at base and decurrent,
glabrous above, lustrous; racemes paniculate, erect; calyx 3 mm.. long, hir-
tellous; corolla white, the tube longer than the calyx.
Schauer? states that ©. mocini Don,? which was described from Mexico,
differs only in its nodding racemes.
7. Citharexylum kerberi Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 188. 1907.
Type from Mexico, probably from Veracruz.
Branches terete or subetragonous; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic, obovate,
or oblong-oblanceolate, 5 fo 15 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, scaberulous
above, densely hirtellous beneath; racemes terminal, 18 to 18 cm. long; calyx
6 to 7 mm. long, 5-dentate; corolla glabrous outside. ‘“ Aceitunillo.”
8. Citharexylum trinerve Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 45. 1921.
Type from Xnocaec, Yucataén.
Shrub 1.5 meters high; leaves oval or elliptic, 3 to 5.5 em. long, obtuse
or emarginate, short-cuneate at base, reticulate-veined, strongly 3-nerved; spikes
2.5 em. long; corolla glabrous outside.
9. Citharexylum incanum Sessé & Moc.; Don, Edinburgh New Phil. Journ.
11: 238. 1831.
Citharerylum scabrum Sessé & Moc.; Don, Edinburgh New Phil. Journ.
PUs}238. 1831.
Citharerylum cinaloaium Robinson, Bot. Gaz. 16: 342. 1891.
Sinaloa.
Leaves on long or short petioles, oval to oblong-cvate, 3 to 10 cm. long,
rounded to acuminate at apex, rounded to acute at base and decurrent, entire
or dentate, scabrous above, finely hirtellous beneath, with prominent reticulate
venation; racemes terminal, solitary or paniculate, erect; calyx 2 mm. long;
corolla puberulent outside.
The original descriptions of the two Sessé and Mocifio species are incom-
plete, but both mention the recurved or spreading calyx teeth. The present
plant is the only Mexican one seen by the writer which possesses this character.
10. Citharexylum berlandieri Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 174. 1891.
Sinaloa, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type from Las Canoas,
San Luis Potosi.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 9 meters high, the trunk sometimes 30 cm. in diameter,
the branches pendent, tetragonous when young; leaves oblong to ovate or
*In DC. Prodr. 11: 614. 1847.
? Edinburgh New Phil. Journ. 11: 238. 1831.
1240 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
rhombic, 3 to 8 em. long, rounded to acuminate at apex, usually entire, rarely
coarsely dentate, scabrous or pubescent above, usually velutinous-pubescent be-
neath; racemes mostly axillary and short; calyx 4 mm. long; fruit about 6
mm. long, at first yellow, black when mature. “ Negrito,” “ orcajuela,”
“revienta-cabra ” (Tamaulipas) ; ‘‘satico hediondo” (Veracruz) ; “ cacachila,”
“panochillo” (Sinaloa).
A decoction of the plant is adminstered as a remedy for colds. This species
has been reported from Mexico as C. villosum Jacq.
11. Citharexylum bourgeauianum Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 185. 1907.
Veracruz; type from Orizaba.
Tree, the branchlets tetragonous; leaves oval-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 6
to 18 em. long, acuminate, acute at base, entire, glabrous above or nearly
so, finely hirtellous beneath; racemes terminal, solitary or paniculate, 20
cm. long or less; corolla white or pink.
12. Citharexylum ovatifolium Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 301. 1897.
Morelos, Hidalgo, and Oaxaca; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 6 meters high, the branchlets quadrangular; leaves
ovate or elliptic, 4 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, entire or more or less
crenate-serrate, scabrid above, hirtellous beneath; racemes terminal or axil-
lary, 10 cm. long or less.
One specimen which the writer has referred here with some doubt was de-
termined originally as €. sessei Don.’ The description of that species agrees
fairly well with the specimens referred here, but it is too incomplete to per-
mit a definite decision upon the subject.
13. Citharexylum ellipticum Sessé & Moc.; Don, Edinburgh New Phil. Journ.
W12/238: 1831
Veracruz; type from somewhere in Mexico.
Branchlets quadrangular; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to elliptic or broadly
ovate, 3.5 to 9.5 em. long, obtuse or acute at base; racemes elongate, erect;
calyx 2 to 3 mm. long; fruit about 5 mm. in diameter.
14. Citharexylum glabrum (S. Wats.) Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 300.
1897.
Gonzalea glabra S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 152. 1890.
Type from Lake Chapala, Jalisco.
Tree, 6 to 8 meters high, glabrous; leaves slender-petiolate, oblong or lance-
oblong, 5 to 10 em. long, narrowed to the obtuse or acute apex, obtuse or acute
at base, entire; racemes 5 to 11 cm. long, nodding, dense; corolla 5 mm. long;
flowers fragrant.
15. Citharexylum lucidum Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 97. 1830.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Glabrous throughout; leaves lanceolate to elliptic, 8 to 15 cm. long, acute at
base, very lustrous above; racemes chiefly terminal, solitary or paniculate,
erect; flowers white, fragrant.
By Schulz’? C. lucidum is listed as a synonym of C. caudatum L., a West In-
dian species, but the Mexican plant appears to be specifically distinct.
+ Hdinburgh New Phil. Journ. 11: 288. 1831.
' ?™In Urban, Symb. Antill. 6: 58. 1909.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1241
16. Citharexylum hexangulare Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 187. 1907.
Veracruz. Guatemala; type from Cubilquitz, Alta Verapaz.
Glabrous shrub; leaves often ternate, lanceolate or cblong-lanceolate, 6 to
15 em. long, usually acuminate, acute at base; racemes mostly terminal and
paniculate, 10 to 20 em. long.
17. Citharexylum pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 243. 1905.
Type from Trinidad Iron Works, Hidalgo, altitude 1,500 meters.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high, glabrous; leaves elliptic to lance-oblong, 3.5 to 7
em. long, acute or obtuse-acuminate, entire, very lustrous above; racemes ter-
minal, simple, nodding, 10 ecm. long or less; corolla 5 cm. long.
18. Citharexylum affine Don, Edinburgh New Phil. Journ. 11: 238. 1881.
Citharezylum jurgenseni Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 342. 1896.
Citharexylum emrickianum Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 187. 1907.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca, Puebla, and Mexico; type from Chalco, Mexico (State).
Shrub or tree, 2 to 6 meters high, glabrous, the branchlets quadrangular and
sometimes narrowly winged; leaves oblong to broadly rhombic-ovate, 5 to 20
em. long, rounded to long-acuminate at apex, acute or obtuse at base, entire;
racemes axillary or terminal, nodding, slender, often very long; flowers bluish
or violet; fruit 6 to 10 mm. long. “Coral” (Guerrero); ‘ chacalpezle”
(Oaxaca) ; “ cacachila”’ (Sinaloa).
19. Citharexylum schottii Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 190. 1907.
Yuecataén ; type from Mérida.
Glabrous shrub or tree; leaves lanceolate, 4 to 10 cm. long, obtuse-acuminate,
acute at base; racemes numerous, slender, 12 em. long or less; calyx 2.5 mm.
long; fruits 5 to 7 mm. long.
This has been reported from Yucatan as C. quadranguiare Jacq.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CITHAREXYLUM PAUCIFLORUM T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 236. 1906.
5. DURANTA L. Sp. Pl. 637. 1753.
1. Duranta repens L. Sp. Pl. 637. 1753.
Duranta erecta L. Sp. Pl. 637. 1753.
Duranta plumieri Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 186. 17638.
Duranta ralapensis H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 255. 1817.
?Duranta macrocarpa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 255. 1817.
Baja California and Sinaloa to Chiapas, Puebla, Veracruz, and Yucatan.
Widely distributed in tropical America.
Shrub or tree, 6 meters high or less, usually armed with spines, the branches
slender, often drooping or trailing; leaves opposite or verticillate, short-
petiolate, ovate-elliptic, oval, or obovate, 2 to 5 em. long, obtuse, entire or
serrate above the middle; finely pubescent or glabrate; flowers lilac or white,
in long loose racemes; calyx tubular, 4 to 6 mm. long, minutely 5-dentate;
corolla salverform, the limb 8 to 15 mm. broad; fruit globose, yellow, 7 to 41
mm. in diameter, inclosed in the accrescent calyx, this produced into a curved
beak. ‘“Espina blanca” (Veracruz); ‘“xcambocoché” (Yucatéin, Maya) ;
“ Adonis blanco,” “ Adonis morado,” “ garbancillo,” ‘‘ espino negro ” (Colombia) ;
1242 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
“celosa,” “celosa cimarrona,” ‘“violetina” (Cuba); “espina de paloma”
(Panama) ; “ lluvia,” “ azota-caballo,” “lila,” “cuenta de oro” (Porto Rico);
“ pensamiento” (Nicaragua); “lora” (Panama); “heliotropio,” ‘“ chulada”
(El Salvador).
The fruit has been used as a febrifuge, and stimulant properties have been
ascribed to the flowers.
6. VALERIANOIDES Medic. Phil. Bot. 1: 177. 1789.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite or alternate, toothed; flowers spicate,
Sessile in the axils of bracts or imbedded in excavations in the thick rachis;
ealyx tubular, 5-lobate; corolla salverform or funnelform; stamens 2; fruit
dry, included in the calyx, separating into 2 nutlets.
Spikes (excluding the corollas) 1 cm. or more in diameter, the flowers not
closely appressed; style exserted.
Spikesva bout, 20) em: clone! 225 eee Sees ee ee ee 1. V. albiflorum.
Spikes less than 12 em. long.
Calyx very densely and minutely puberulent____________ 2. V. luisanum.
Calyx hirtellous or hirsute.
Braces. OnE-chilateeae = ees 2 ek Ae ee 3. V. acuminatum.
Bracts not conspicuously: ciliate: 22s =) eens te eee 4. V. nelsonii.
Spikes 7 mm. or less in diameter, the flowers closely appressed to the rachis;
style usually not exserted.
Calyxousually glabrous; corolla. blues=-2=2 = = et 5. V. jamaicense.
Calyx pubescent; corolla purplish or reddish_______________ 6. V. mutabile.
1. Valerianoides albiflorum (DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 1891.
Stachytarpheta albiflora DC.; Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11: 567. 1847.
?Stachytarpheta albiflora coerulea Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 9: 366.
1911.
Type from Oaxaca; reported from Hidalgo.
Shrub, the branches pubescent; leaves ovate or elliptic, large, contracted be-
low and subsessile, acuminate, coarsely crenate, strigose above, canescent-to-
mentose beneath; calyx 10 to 14 mm. long; corolla white.
2. Valerianoides luisanum Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Barranca de Tlacuilosto, near San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla
(Purpus 2568; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 840562).
Shrub, the branchlets densely puberulent; leaves alternate, short-petiolate,
oblong-ovate or rhombic-ovate, 1.5 to 8 cm. long, obtuse or acute, abruptly de-
eurrent at base, coarsely crenate-serrate, minutely scaberulous; spikes 4 to
7 em. long, the rachis puberulent; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than
the calyx, minutely canescent-scaberulous; calyx 1 cm. long, scaberulous,
deeply cleft ventrally, bidentate at apex; corolla tube slender, glabrous, about
equaling the calyx, the limb 12 mm. broad; style exserted.
3. Valerianoides acuminatum (DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 1891.
Stachytarpheta acuminata DC.; Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11: 570. 1847.
Oaxaca.
Plants suffrutescent; leaves oblong-ovate or elliptic-oblong, 4 to 7 cm. long,
acute or obtuse, crenate-serrate, scaberulous or beneath hirtellous; calyx 8
‘mm. long; corolla violaceous.
oe a ee
rail
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1943
4, Valerianoides nelsonii (Robins. & Greenm.) Standl.
Stachytarpheta nelsonii Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 162. 1895.
Type collected above Dominguillo, Oaxaca.
Shrub, the branchlets densely hirtellous; leaves ovate, 2.5 to 4 cm. long,
acute, coarsely serrate-dentate, tomentose beneath; spikes 5 to 10 cm. long;
ealyx 8 mm. long; corolla purple.
Probably only a form of V. acuminatum.
5. Valeriancides jamaicense (L.) Medic. Phil. Bot. 1: 178. 1789.
Verbena jamaicensis L. Sp. Pl. 19. 1753.
Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 206. 1804.
Guerrero to Veracruz and Yucatéin. Widely distributed in the tropics of
both hemispheres.
Plants essentially annual but sometimes suffrutescent, glabrous or nearly
so; leaves petiolate, oblong to ovate, 2 to 8 cm. long, coarsely serrate-dentate ;
spikes 15 to 50 cm. long; corolla 8 to 11 mm. long. “Verbena azul” (Nica-
ragua).
The plant is 2 common tropical weed. It is said to have emetic, cathartic,
anthelmintic, and emmenagogue properties, and is used in various localities
as a remedy for intestinal worms, venereal diseases, ulcers, erysipelas, yellow
fever, dropsy, and stomach affections. It has been reported to be poisonous
to sheep. In Brazil the leaves have been employed for adulterating tea, and
the dried leaves are said to have been exported to EHurope under the name
“ Brazilian tea.”
6. Valerianoides mutabile (Jacq.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 510. 1891.
Verbena mutabilis Jacq. Icon. Rar. pl. 207. 1786.
Stachytarpheta mutabilis Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 209. 1805.
Stachytarpheta purpurea Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 258. 1907.
Sinaloa to Guerrero, Veracruz, and Yucatéin. Widely distributed in tropica!
regions.
Plants chiefly herbaceous but often suffrutescent; leaves broadly ovate to
oblong-ovate or spatulate-ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long rounded to acuminate at apex,
abruptly contracted below and decurrent, scaberulous, pubescent, or hirsute;
spikes 10 to 30 cm. long or more, stout, pubescent; corolla 12 to 15 mm.
long. ‘“‘ Verbena rosada” (Nicaragua) ; ‘‘rabo de zorro”’ (Colombia) ; “ cola
de alacran,” ‘“‘ verbena” (El Salvador).
Stachytarpheta purpurea is a hirsute form.
7%, LIPPIA L. Sp. Pl. 683. 1753.
Shrubs or small trees, sometimes herbs; leaves opposite or ternate, entire,
toothed, or lobed; flowers capitate or spicate, small, bracteate; calyx small,
ovoid, campanulate, or compressed, 2 or 4-dentate; corolla tube cylindric, the
limb oblique, somewhat bilabiate, 4 or 5-lobate; stamens 4; fruit dry, 2-celled,
included in the calyx.
Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. The name “tehuacin” is said
to be applied to some species of the genus in Tabasco and Yucatan.
Flowers in slender, elongate, more or less interrupted spikes.
eaves entire= Ak 2s es eee ee ee ee 1, L. ligustrina.
Leaves crenate.
FVOWELSis) cms On pele ee ae Ee Pee 2. L. wrightii.
UIC Wiens) G0" GTN lO ES Se ee a aee tee 3. L. macrostachya.
1244 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Flowers capitate or in short, very dense spikes.
Bracts 4-ranked; heads somewhat elongate, at least in fruit.
Heads short-pedunculate, the peduncles mostly shorter than the peti-
(OS a ea) Le ae he gt ie ee 4, L. palmeri.
Heads long-pedunculate, the peduncles mostly longer than the petioles.
Mea eSmMOSt Vio) GOO UCIic a LOMO se em ee eee 5. L. graveolens. |
heaves mostly 5 to 3.5 em. longs. 2 a ee 6. L. berlandieri.
Bracts irregularly imbricate in several ranks.
Bracts broad, accrescent in fruit, becoming membranaceous and promi-
nently veined, the outer ones involucre-like.
Calyx hirsute with very long straight spreading hairs____7. L. barbata.
Calyx hirtellous with short hairs or puberulent or lanate.
Peduncles much shorter than the heads.
Heads in the axils of large leaves________________ 8. L. chrysantha.
Heads in interrupted, nearly naked spikes or racemes, the floral .
leaves reduced and bractlike____=-__ == 9. L. oaxacana.
Peduncles longer than the heads, at least in anthesis.
Leaves 4.5 em. long or less, usually obtuse.
Corolla limb about’ 8° mm broad=22 "S22 s220. 2s 10. L. formosa.
Corolla limb! about. 2 mm: proqd=-=— se ee ee 11. L. nutans.
Leaves mostly 6 to 15 cm. long, usually acute or acuminate.
BY af 2 1G SOM 0H 0) (Sa a ea a NR pie la 12. L. callicarpaefolia.
IBLaACts sNOtyCOLOnCO soe = a ee eee 13. L. umbellata.
Bracts not or scarcely acecrescent in fruit, not becoming membranaceous
and prominently veined.
Heads commonly 4 or more at each node_________- 14, L. myriocephala.
Heads usually 1 or 2 at each node. ;
Mea Ves. pinna til dyes Sacks Bey seeks Sees 15. L. appendiculata.
Leaves crenate or serrate.
Leaves linear-oblohg or oblong-lanceolate, 12 mm. wide or less.
Heads elongate in fruit; leaves 2.5 to 6 em. long.
16. L. stoechadifolia.
Heads not elongate; leaves 1.5 em. long or less__17. L. fastigiata.
Leaves oblong-ovate to broadly rhombic-ovate, usually more than
2 cm. wide.
Leaves thin, the pubescence all appressed; peduncles usually much
longer: than ‘the! petioles=2:. 92) 22. es aot 18, LL dulcis:
Leaves thick, the pubescence of the lower surface chiefly of spread-
ing hairs; peduncles slightly if at all exceeding the petioles.
19. L. geminata.
1. Lippia ligustrina (Lag.) Britton, Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 9: 181. 1890. -
Verbena ligustrina Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 18. 1816.
Lippia lycioides Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 254. 1841.
Aloysia floribunda Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 320. 1844.
Sonora to Nuevo Leén, Puebla, and Zacatecas. Western Texas and southern
Arizona.
Slender shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaves subsessile, lance-oblong, 0.5 to
2.5 em. long, acute or obtuse, scaberulous, usually all entire but on young
shoots sometimes serrate; spikes racemose; flowers sweet-scented, white or
tinged with violet, 4 to 5 mm. long. ‘ Vara dulce” (Neuevo Leén) ; “ agrito”
(Zacatecas) ; “ jaboncillo”” (Chihuahua) ; ‘‘ jazmincillo” (Durango, Coahuila) ;
“jasminillo,” “vara dulce,” “ hierba dulce’ (Durango); “huele de noche”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1245
(Coahuila) ; ‘“jaboncillo*” (Chihuahua, Palmer); ‘ cabradora” (Texas) ;
“vara blanca.”
Employed in Coahuila as a remedy for diseases of the bladder.
A closely related species is LZ. triphylla (L’Hér.) Kuntze (L. citriodora
H. B. K.), the lemon verbena, a native of South America but often cultivated
in Mexican gardens. It is easily recognized by its much larger ternate
leaves. In Mexico it is said to be known as “cedr6én,” ‘“ hierba Luisa,” and
“hierba de la princesa.” The name “cedrén” is used also in South America,
and in Peru the plant is known as “cedroncillo.” In Mexico the plant is
employed in domestic medicine as an antispasmodic and emmenagogue, and in
other regions it is employed for various purposes. In southern Europe per-
fume has been manufactured from the leaves.
2. Lippia wrightii A. Gray, Amer. Journ. Sci. II. 16: 98. 1853.
Sonora to Coahuila, Zacatecas, and Durango. Western Texas to Arizona.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate to rounded-ovate, 6 to
15 mm. long, rounded at apex, rugose above and scabrous, canescent-tomentose
beneath; flowers white. ‘ Vara dulce,” ‘ altamisa” (Coahuila).
3. Lippia macrostachya S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 134. 1885.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type from mountains east
of Saltillo, Coahuila.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves rounded-ovate to oblong-ovate, 1 to 4.5 cm.
long, obtuse or rounded at apex, truncate or subcordate at base, canescent-
tomentose beneath; spikes 18 cm. long or less; flowers pink.
4. Lippia palmeri S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 24: 67. 1889.
Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high, the pubescence of the branchlets appressed ;
leaves petiolate, ovate to rounded-ovate, 1 to 2.5 cm. long, obtuse or rounded
at apex, usually decurrent at base, coarsely crenate, scaberulous; heads 18 mm.
long or less; flowers white, turning to yellow or pink. ‘ Orégano” (Sonora).
The leaves are used for flavoring meat. L. palmeri spicata Rose? described
from La Paz, Baja California, is a form with spikes sometimes 2.5 cm. long.
5. Lippia graveolens H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 266. 1817.
Yucatin and Campeche; type from Campeche.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 9 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong
or lance-oblong, obtuse or acute, rounded or subcordate at base, crenate, puber-
ulent and glandular beneath; heads 4 to 6 at each node. ‘“Orégano”
(Yucatan). ;
6. Lippia berlandieri Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11: 575. 1847.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Sinaloa; type collected be-
tween Santander and Victoria, Tamaulipas.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the pubescence of the branchlets usually spread-
ing; leaves petiolate, oblong to ovate or oval, obtuse or usually rounded at
apex, rounded at base, crenate, densely pubescent beneath; heads 4 to 12 mm.
long; flowers white. ‘“ Orégano” (Durango, Puebla, Guerrero, Coahuila) ;
“salvia” (Puebla); “ epazote,” “epazotl” (Coahuila); “hierba dulce” (Hi-
dalgo, Veracruz).
It is rather doubtful whether this differs in any important character from
L. graveolens, but the Yucatéin material available is insufficient to afford a
+Probably an error for ‘‘ jazmincillo.”
? Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 75. 1890.
1246 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
basis for definite conclusions. The leaves of L. berlandiert are employed for
seasoning food. The plant is used in domestic medicine as a stimulant, emmena-
gogue, and demulcent.
7%. Lippia barbata T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 196. 1889.
Lippia montana T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 163. 1891.
Baja California; type from La Giganta, near Comonda.
Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate, 2 to 5
em. long, rounded to acute at apex and base, crenate, thick, rugose, very
seabrous; heads rather lax, in fruit 2 to 3 cm. long, the bracts oblong; corolla
5 mm. long, yellow turning red.
8. Lippia chysantha Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 87. 1908.
Morelos and Chiapas; type from Yautepec, Morelos, altitude 1,350 meters.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or lance-
oblong, 4.5 to 8 em. long, acute or obtuse, rounded or acute at base, finely
ecrenate, hispidulous above, tomentose beneath; heads sessile or nearly so;
bracts lanceolate or oblanceolate; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long, yellow.
9. Lippia oaxacana Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 162. 1895.
Puebla, Guerrero, and Oaxaca; type from Las Joyas Canyon, Oaxaca, alti-
tude 1,500 meters.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-ovate to ovate-
ell'ptic, 2 to 4.5 em. long, acute to rounded at apex, obtuse or rounded at
base, finely crenate, very rugose above, tomentose beneath; heads in ter-
a
minal naked spikes; bracts rhombic-obovate, yellowish green; corolla 38 mm.
long. ‘“Canelilla” (Oaxaca).
10. Lippia formosa T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 8: 163. 1891.
Baja California; type from Bahia de Todos Santos.
Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high; leaves spatulate-ovate, obtuse, cuneate at base
and nearly sessile, very coarsely crenate, scabrous; peduncles usually longer
than the leaves, the heads 2 em. broad, not elongate; corolla pink.
~
11. Lippia nutans Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 162. 1895.
Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Las Joyas Canyon, Oaxaca, alti-
tude 1,350 meters.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to elliptic or
broadly ovate, 1.5 to 4.5 em. long, acute or obtuse at base and apex, crenate,
rugose and scabrous above, tomentose or hirtellous beneath; heads in fruit
3 cm. broad or less, not elongate, the bracts ovate, pale.
12. Lippia callicarpaefolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 268. 1817.
Lippia bicolor Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1845.
Lippia calocephala Zuce. Ind. Sem. Hort. Monae. 1846.
Lippia bracteosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 326. 1844.
Mexico, Morelos and Puebla; type collected near the City of Mexico.
Shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high, the branches short-hirsute; leaves short-
petiolate, ovate, 5 to 10.5 cm. long, acute, abruptly decurrent at base, crenate,
rugose and scabrous above, canescent-tomentose beneath; peduncles very
slender, numerous, the heads purple, about 2 cm. broad, the bracts broadly
ovate, acute. “Salvia real” (Puebla, Ramirez) ; “rosa de Castilla ” (Morelos).
. 13. Lippia umbellata Cay. Icon. Pl. 2: 75. pl. 194. 1793.
Lippia substrigosa Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 18632: 202. 1863.
Lippia pringlei Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 340. 1896.
Lippia chiapensis Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 58: 78. 1911.
Lippia albicaulis Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 340. 1912.
=
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1247
Sinaloa and Durango to Chiapas, Mexico, Veracruz, and Yucatan. Central
America.
Shrub or tree, 1.5 to 12 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly lanceo-
late to broadly ovate, 6 to 20 em. long, obtuse to attenuate, acute to rounded
at base, finely or coarsely crenate, scabrous or scaberulous above, usually
tomentose beneath; heads very numerous, long-pedunculate, in fruit 1 to 2 cm.
thick, the bracts commonly reniform or broadly ovate-cordate; flowers yel-
lowish, turning red. ‘“ Nacare,” ‘topozana” (Sinaloa); “tabaquillo”’ (Mi-
choacin) ; “hierba de la mula” (Durango); “salvia,” “rosa de Castilla” ;
“ caragra’”’ (Costa Rica) ; “seca-leche” (Guatemala, Honduras) ; ‘“ juanislama
de monte” (Nicaragua) ; “ oreganillo,’ ‘“ orégano montés” (EI Salvador).
In Durango the plant is used as a remedy for colic. The numerous speci-
mens at hand show considerable variation, especially in pubescence and size
of heads, but there do not appear to be any well-marked characters by which
it is possible to distinguish the proposed segregates.
14, Lippia myriocephala Schlecht & Cham. Linnaea 5: 98. 1830.
Lippia myriocephaloides Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 4: 235. 1900.
Lippia hypoleia Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 4: 236. 1900.
?Lippia jurgenseni Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 4: 239. 1900.
?Lippia yucatana Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 9: 364. 1911.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type material collected
near Jalapa and Papantla, Veracruz. Guatemala and El Salvador.
Shrub or tree, 38 to 9 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or lance-
oblong, 6 to 18 em. long, usually long-acuminate, acute to attenuate at base,
scaberulous or smooth above, sparsely puberulent or glabrate beneath or some-
times tomentose, entire or finely serrulate; heads numerous, on long slender
peduncles, globose or somewhat elongate, 5 to 7 mm. thick; flowers lilac.
“Palo de gusano” (Veracruz); ‘ tatascamite” (Guatemala) ; “ tatascame,”
“tamayagua,” “ oreganillo,” “salvia” (El Salvador).
Lippia yucatana was described from Yucatéin. The writer has seen no
Yueatin specimens of L. myriocephala, and it may therefore be that L. yuca-
dana is a distinct species, or possibly a synonym of L. umbellaia.
15. Lippia appendiculata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 390. 1894.
Coahuila and Durango; type from Mapimi Desert, Durango. .
Plants procumbent, suffrutescent, much branched; leaves lanceolate, 8 to
15 mm. long, grayish-strigose or scabrous; heads elongate in age, 2 cm. long
or less; corolla purplish, 5 mm. long.
In general appearance the plant is like some of the species of Verbena.
16. Lippia stoechadifolia (L.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 265. 1817.
Verbena stoechadifolia L. Sp. Pl. 19. 1758.
San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Yucatan. West Indies and northern
South America.
Shrub, 0.5 to 2 meters high; leaves linear-oblong, coarsely dentate, stiff,
strigose-scabrous; heads long-pedunculate, in fruit 1 to 2.5 em. long, about 6
mm. thick; flowers pale lilac or whitish. “Té del pais,’ ‘“ cabalyaxnic”
(Yucatan) ; “ poley’’ (Porto Rico).
17. Lippia fastigiata T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 196. 1889.
Baja California; type from San Benito.
Densely branched shrub, 30 to 60 cm. high, cinereous-puberulent; leaves
coarsely dentate, sessile, revolute; heads long-pedunculate, solitary; flowers
pink or purple. ‘‘ Damiana.”
The leaves are much used as a substitute for Chinese tea.
1248 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
18. Lippia dulcis Trevir. Nov. Act. Acad.. Nat. Cur. 131: 187. 1826.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Morelos, Oaxaca, and Yucatéin. Central America,
West Indies, and Colombia.
Plants shrubby or suffrutescent, erect or procumbent, usually less than 60
cm. high; leaves long-petiolate, coarsely crenate, obtuse or acute, green; heads
elongate in age, about 6 mm. in diameter; flowers white. ‘ Hierba dulce”
(Tamaulipas, Veracruz) ; “ neuctixihuitl” (Nahuatl, Ramirez; “ honey-herb ”’) ;
“hierba buena” (Oaxaca, Reko); “ orozuz” (Cuba, El Salvador, Costa Rica,
Nicaragua); “orozul” (Nicaragua); “salvia santa,” “corronchocho” (HL
Salvador).
Tea made from the plant is a common remedy for colic and colds.
19. Lippia geminata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 2666. 1817.
Lantana lippioides Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 305. 1839-40.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. West Indies; western Texas;
Central and South America. :
Shrub, usually a meter high or less; leaves short-petiolate, 3 to 6 cm. long,
rounded to acute at apex, decurrent at base, scabrous above, crenate; heads
somewhat elongate in fruit, 6 to 7 mm. thick; flowers pink or purple.
“ Hierba buena” (Jalisco, Veracruz, Oaxaca); “té del pais” (Tabasco,
Rovirosa) ; “té de maceta,” ‘ té del pan” (Oaxaca, Reko) ; “ mirto” (Tamauli-
pas) ; “hierba del negro” (Tamaulipas) ; “ Juanilama,” ‘ juanislama’” (Costa
Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua) ; “salvia” (Cuba); “sonora” (Sinaloa); “ mas-
' tranto” (Panama).
The plant is reputed to have sudorific, antispasmodic, stomachiec, and
emmenagogue properties.
DOUBTFUL SPECIBS.
LIPPIA AMERICANA L. Sp. Pl. 633. 1753. Type from Veracruz.
8. LANTANA L. Sp. Pl. 626. 1753.
Large or small shrubs; leaves opposite or ternate, toothed; flowers small,
in dense axillary heads or spikes, bracteate; calyx small, truncate or sinuate-
dentate; corolla tube cylindric, the limb 4 or 5-lobate; stamens 4; fruit a small
drupe containing a 2-celled stone.
Outer bracts not involucre-like, linear or linear-lanceolate, not exceeding the
inner ones, usually much shorter than the corolla tube; stems often
1 gC ely RD Se ih ON A al a ae le a ae GN) Nod 1. L. camara.
Outer bracts forming an involucre, ovate or lance-ovate or, if narrow, elongate
and much exceeding the inner ones, usually almost or quite equaling the
eorolla tube; stems not prickly.
Heads not elongating during or after anthesis or scarcely so.
Leaves tomentose or pubescent beneath over nearly the whole surface, the
pubescence chiefly spreading ________________ 2. L. involucrata.
Leaves hispidulous-strigose beneath along the larger veins__3. L. hispida.
Heads conspicuously elongate during and after anthesis.
Peduncles, at least most of them, equaling or much shorter than the leaves.
Leaves chiefly ternate, 7 to 15 cm. long; stems commonly hirsute.
4. L. trifolia.
Leaves chiefly opposite, 1.5 to 5 em. long; stems strigose_5. L. canescens.
Peduncles, all or most of them, twice as long as the leaves or longer.
Heads in anthesis 8 to 10 mm. thick__________________6. L. macropoda.
Heads mostly 13 to 16 mm. thick______________ 7. L. achyranthifolia.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1249
1. Lantana camara L. Sp. Pl. 627. 1753.
Lantana aculeata L. Sp. Pl. 627. 1753.
Lantana horrida H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 261. 1817.
?Lantana mollis Graham, Edinburgh New Phil. Journ. 1829: 184. 1829.
Lantana hirsuta Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 326. 1844.
Lantana polyacantha Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11: 597. 1847.
Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in tropical America and
naturalized in the Old World.
Shrub, 1 to 4 meters high, usually armed with stout recurved prickles;
leaves rounded-ovate to oblong-ovate, 4 to 12 cm. long, acute or short-acumi-
nate, sometimes obtuse, acute to subcordate at base, crenate, scabrous above,
variously pubescent or occasionally glabrate beneath; heads not elongating
corolla yellow or orange, changing to red or purple, the tube about 1 cm. long;
fruit black, 3 mm. long. ‘‘ Hierba de Cristo” (Tamaulipas) ; ‘cinco negritos ”
(Veracruz, El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua) ; “tres colores” (Michoacin,
Guerrero) ; “ zapotillo”’ (Oaxaea, Seler) ; “ ufia de gato” (Morelos) ; ‘ palabra
de mujer” (Sinaloa, Veracruz) ; “ orozuz del pais” (Veracruz); “ alfombrilla
hedionda ” (Michoacin, Ramirez) ; “ flor de San Cayetano” (Veracruz, Puebla,
Urbina) ; “ xo-hexnuc” (Yucatin, Maya) ; “siete colores” (Jalisco) ; “ peonia
negra” (Tamaulipas); ‘ mora” (Colima; fruit); “ matizadilla” (Oaxaca,
- Jalisco) ; “ confituria ” (Sonora, Sinaloa) ; “alantana,” “lampana,” “lantana ”
(Veracruz, ete.) ; “sonora roja,” “ sonora,’ “confite negro,” “confite,”’ “ zarza-
mora” (Sinaloa); “corronchccho” (Guatemala); “sorrito” (Colombia) ;
“ ecariaquillo,” “poley cimarrén” (Porto Rico); “comida de paloma” (Guate-
mala, Honduras); “ filigrana’”’ (Cuba); “ venturosa colorada” (Venezuela) ;
“San Rafaelito” (Panama); “santo negrito,’ “cinco coloraditos” (Hl
Salvador).
The lantana is a rather showy shrub when in flower and it is often planted
for ornament and grown in hothouses. The plants bloom nearly all the year.
This species has been introduced into most tropical countries, and in some
of them, as in Hawaii, it has become a troublesome weed. The fruit is sweet
and edible but not very palatable. A decoction of the leaves is sometimes
employed as a remedy for rheumatism and as a tonic for the stomach. In
Sinaloa the plant is a favorite remedy for snake bites, a strong decoction of
the leaves being taken internally and a poultice of crushed leaves applied to
the wound. .
2. Lantana involucrata L. Cent. Pl. II. 22. 1756.
Lantana odorata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 418. 1767.
Lantana velutina Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 325. 1844.
Nearly throughout Mexico. Florida, Texas, West Indies, and northern South
America.
Shrub, 0.5 to 4 meters high; leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, elliptic, or rounded,
1 to 6 cm. long, rounded to acute at apex, finely or coarsely crenate, puberulent
or tomentose beneath, usually scabrous above; peduncles longer or shorter
than the leaves; corolla lilac er white, the tube 6 to 8 mm. long; fruit blue,
5 to 4 mm. long. “Orégano” (Tamaulipas) ; “ tarepe” (Michoacan) ; ‘‘ peonia
colorada” (Tamaulipas); “confite” (Sinaloa); “cuasquito oloroso” (Nica-
ragua) ; “salvia santa,” ‘‘orégano del monte” (Guatemala) ; “ cariaquillo de
Santa Maria,” “Santa Maria” (Porto Rico); “hierba de la sangre,” “ fili-
grana cimarrona,” “té de costa” (Cuba) ; “ chiligtie,” “cinco negritos” (El
Salvador).
1250 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
The flowers are fragrant and the whole plant, as in other species, has a
strong aromatic odor. Palmer reports that in Tamaulipas pieces of the leaves
or stems are put in the ears as a cure for deafness.
The only Mexican specimens which are exactly like the West Indian ones
are those from Yucatéin. In the West Indian plant the leaves are usually
rounded at the apex and finely crenate, while in the common Mexican form
(L. velutina) the leaves are more commonly acute or acutish, more coarsely
crenate, and more copiously pubescent. There are, however, some interme-
diate forms, and it does not seem advisable to consider L. velutina a distinct
species.
8. Lantana hispida H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 260. 1817.
?Lantana hirta Graham, Edinburgh New Phil. Journ. 2: 186. 1826.
Lantana teucriifolia Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 371. 1841.
Lantana geroldiana Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 9: 372. 1841.
Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Cen-
tral America.
Shrub; leaves ovate-oblong to elliptic or ovate, 3 to 9 cm. long, acute or
acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, crenate, scabrous above; peduncles equal-
ing or shorter than the leaves; corolla lilac or white, the tube 5 to 6 mm.
leng. “Orozuz del pais” (Veracruz) ; ‘ toltolquelite” (Nicaragua).
Said to be used in Veracruz as a domestic remedy for tuberculosis.
4. Lantana trifolia L. Sp. Pl. 626. 1753.
Veracruz and Chiapas. West Indies; Central and South America.
Shrub; leaves lanceolate to ovate, acute to long-acuminate, decurrent at
base, coarsely crenate, scabrous above, puberulent beneath; corolla lilac, the
tube 5 to 6 mm. long; fruit purple, sweet, edible. ‘“ Filigrana de pifia”
(Cuba) ; “icaquito ” (El Salvador).
5. Lantana canescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 259. 1817.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Yucatin. South
America; type from Venezuela.
Shrub; leaves lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, acute or acuminate, finely crenate
or subentire, densely strigose; heads 6 to 7 mm. thick; corolla white.
6. Lantana macropoda Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 127. 1859.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Durango. Western Texas; type from the Rio San
Pedro.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 1 to 4.5
em. long, obtuse or acute, coarsely crenate-serrate, strigose; corolla white
or purple.
7. Lantana achyranthifolia Desf. Cat. Pl. Paris. ed. 3. 392. 1829.
Lippia purpurea Jacq. Eclog. Amer. 1: 126. pl. 58. 1816. Not Lantana pur-
purea Hornem. 1815.
Lantana macropodioides Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 339. 1912.
Sonora and Chihuahua to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Central and
South America.
Shrub, a meter high or less; leaves narrowly lanceolate to broadly ovate,
mostly 4 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, coarsely and sharply serrate, densely
strigose; corolla purple or whitish.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
LANTANA MULTICOLOR Lem. FI. Serr. Jard. 3: Misc. 5. 1847. Described from
cultivated plants grown from Mexican seeds. Perhaps a species of Lippia.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1951.
9. AVICENNIA L. Sp. Pl. 110. 1753.
1. Avicennia nitida Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 25. 1760.
In mangrove swamps along both coasts of Mexico, from Baja California
and Tamaulipas southward. Widely distributed in tropical America.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 25 meters high, with a trunk 60 cm. in diameter ;
bark thin, dark brown, shallowly fissured; leaves opposite, short-petiolate,
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, obtuse, acute at base, leathery,
entire, green and glabrate above, beneath very minutely and densely white-
puberulent; flowers in headlike axillary and terminal cymes; calyx campanu-
late, 5-lobate; corolla white, sericeous, the tube short, the limb 5-lobate, about
1 em. broad; fruit an oblique 2-valvate capsule; wood hard, close-grained,
dark brown, its specific gravity about 0.91. ‘“ Mangle blanco” (Veracruz,
Oaxaca, Tabasco, Yucatin, Porto Rico, Cuba); ‘mangle prieto” (Cuba,
Colombia) ; ‘mangle negro” (Cuba); ‘‘culumate” (Costa Rica); “chifle de
vaca,” “mangle bebo” (Porto Rico) ; “ palo de sal” (Nicaragua, Costa Rica) ;
“manglecito” (Colombia); ‘“puyeque” (Sinaloa); “mangle,” ‘“ mangle
salado” (Panama); ‘“frbol de sal,” “istatén,” “ishtatén”’ (El Salvador).
The wood is used for many purposes, and the bark is employed in tanning.
The flowers are much sought by bees. The usual English name of the plant
-is “black mangrove.”
10. CORNUTIA L. Sp. Pl. 628. 1753.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite, entire or dentate; flowers small,
violet, in cymes, these arranged in large terminal panicles; calyx small,
campanulate, sinuate-dentate, not enlarged in fruit; corolla tube straight or
eurved, the limb 4-lobate; perfect stamens 2, 2 staminodia also present; fruit
a small globose drupe.
Corolla minutely glandular-puberulent, the tube 2 mm. thick or less.
1. C. pyramidata.
Corolla villosulous, the tube about 3 mm. thick ____--_______ 2. C. grandifolia.
1. Cornutia pyramidata L. Sp. Pl. 628. 1753.
Hosia latifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 248. 1817.
Yucatin. West Indies and Central America.
Large shrub or small tree; leaves petiolate, ovate to rounded-ovate, 9 to
30 cm. long, acuminate, usually long-decurrent at base, densely and minutely
pubescent; panicles thyrsiform, longer than the leaves; corolla tube slender,
about 8 mm. long. ‘‘ Palo cuadrado” (Panama); “hoja de zope,” “hoja de
jope” (Guatemala, Honduras); “pavilla’” (Costa Rica); “cuatro caras”
(Panama).
This species has been reported from elsewhere in Mexico, but the writer
has seen only Yucatéin specimens. Rovirosa reports it from Tabasco, where
it may very likely occur, with the vernacular name “ pangagé.” The plant
is said to yield a yellow dye.
2. Cornutia grandifolia (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schauer in DC. Prodr. 11: 682.
1847 .
Hosta grandifolia Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 97. 1830.
Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central America.
Small tree; leaves petiolate, ovate to broadly elliptic, 10 to 25 cm. long, acute
or acuminate, decurrent at base, often dentate, usually densely pilose beneath ;
corolla tube stout, curved, 5 to 6 mm. long. ‘“ Pavilla” (Costa Rica).
1952 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CoRNUTIA LONGIFOLIA (H. B. K.) Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 39. 1825. Hosta
longifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 247. 1817. The type locality is given
doubtfully as Mexico. The corolla is described as glabrous.
11. CLERODENDRUM L. Sp. Pl. 687. 1753.
Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent; leaves opposite or ternate, entire or
dentate; flowers large or small, in axillary or terminal cymes; calyx campanu-
late, truncate or 5-dentate; corolla tube straight or curved, the limb spreading,
4 or 5-lobate; stamens 4; fruit a globose or 4-lobate drupe, containing 4 nutlets.
Gymesvaxillary?;* leavesmentires - 0) 152.0 15 toh oe 1. C. ligustrinum.
Cymes terminal; leaves sinuate-dentate______________________2. C. fragrans.
1. Clerodendrum ligustrinum (Jacq.) R. Br.; Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 64.
1812.
Volkameria ligustrina Jacq. Coll. Bot. Suppl. 118. pl. 5, f. 1. 1796.
Clerodendrum mexicanum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 391. 1909.
Aegiphila paludosa T. S.° Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 191. 1915.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatin, Campeche, Tabasco, Puebla, and Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; petiole bases indurate and persistent; leaves
ovate to elliptic-oblong, 4 to 10 em. long, acute or acuminate, abruptly short-
decurrent at base, glabrous or nearly so, punctate beneath; cymes pedunculate,
few-flowered, sometimes longer than the leaves; calyx 6 to 8 mm, long; corolla
white, the tube slender, about 1 cm. long, longer than the lobes; fruit about 1
em. in diameter. ‘‘ Muste” (Tabasco).
This has been reported from Yucatin as C. aculeatwm (L.) Schlecht., but it
is quite distinct from that West Indian species.
2. Clerodendrum fragrans Vent. Jard. Malm. 2: pl. 70. 1804.
Commonly cultivated in Mexico and sometimes naturalized; specimens seen
from Nuevo Leon, Veracruz, and Yucatan. Native of southeastern Asia; cul-
tivated and naturalized in tropical America.
Plants suffrutescent, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, broadly
deltoid-ovate or rounded-ovate, 10 to 30 cm. long, usually truncate at base;
flowers in very dense terminal cymes, fragrant; corolla white, about 2.5 cm.
long. ‘“ Bocamelia” (Oaxaca, El Salvador, Nicaragua); ‘ metroceder”
(Oaxaca, Reko); “jazmin de Amelia” (Guatemala); “ camelia’” (Panama) ;
“viuda alegre” (El Salvador).
The form cultivated in tropical America has double flowers; it is C. fragrans
pleniflora Schauer.t
12. PETITIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 1. 1760.
1. Petitia oleina (Benth.) Benth. & Hook; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
539. 1882.
Scleroon oleinum Benth. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 29: Misc. 65. 18438.
Described from cultivated plants grown from Mexican seeds.
Shrub; leaves opposite, entire; flowers greenish white, in few-flowerd axil-
lary cymes; calyx campanulate, shortly 4-dentate; corolla funnelform, the limb
4-lobate; stamens 4; fruit a 4-celled drupe.
Known to the writer only from the original description.
"In DC. Prodr. 11: 666. 1847.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1253
13. CALLICARPA L. Sp. Pl. 111. 1753.
Shrubs or trees, the pubescence usually stellate; leaves opposite, serrate or
entire; flowers small, in large axillary cymes; calyx short-campanulate, trun-
eate or 4-dentate; corolla tube short, the limb spreading, 4-lobate, the lobes
equal, imbricate; fruit drupaceous, globose or depressed, the endocarp sepa-
rating into 4 or fewer nutlets.
MEAVESODOVAteVerysODLUSC: xe = ee eee Ses Be 1. C. parvifolia.
Leaves lanceolate to ovate, acute or acuminate.
Leaves persistently but minutely stellate-pubescent on the upper surface.
2. C. acuminata.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface except when very young.
Leaves densely stellate-tomentose beneath__-_-_____________ 8. C. pringlei.
Leaves sparsely stellate-pubescent beneath___________ 4. C. subpubescens.
1. Callicarpa parvifolia Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 305. 1889-40.
Type said to have come from Tepic.
Leaves coriaceous, 3.5 em. long, short-petiolate, slightly crenate, glabrous
above in age, densely grayish-tomentose beneath and reticulate-veined; pe-
duncles equaling the petioles, the flowers capitate-cymose.
2. Callicarpa acuminata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 252. 1817.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatéin, and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Colombia; type
from Colombia.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to
oblong-serrate, lanceolate, 5 to 20 cm. long, entire or serrate, densely stellate-
tomentulose beneath; cymes dense, many-flowered, usually less than half as
long as the leaves; corolla white, about 3 mm. long; fruit black, 5 mm. in
diameter. ‘Sac pukim’” (Yucatin, Maya); “uvilla” (Tamaulipas) ; “vara
del alealde ”’ (Honduras).
This is probably the plant reported as C. americana by Sessé and Mocifio,*
who state that its Totonac name is “ patzahumacachil.”
8. Callicarpa pringlei Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 345, 1896.
San Luis Potosi; type from Tamasopo Canyon.
Shrub, about 4.5 meters high, the young branches densely stellate-tomentose ;
leaves petiolate, lanceolate to ovate, 10 to 16 cm. long, serrate-dentate, thick,
rugose above; cymes many-flowered, half as long as the leaves or shorter;
corolla white, 3 to 4 mm. long; fruit about 4 mm. in diameter.
Rather doubtfully distinct from C. acuminata.
4, Callicarpa subpubescens Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 305. 1889-40.
Type said to have come from Tepic.
Leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 5 cm. wide or less, attenuate at each
end, serrate; peduncles equaling the petioles.
14, AEGIPHILA Jacq. Obs. Bot. 2: 3. 1764.
1. Aegiphila deppeana Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 29. 1840.
Aegiphila brachiata Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 3871. 1831. Not A.
brachiata Vell. 1825.
Aegiphila pacifica Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 38: 485. 1898.
Tepic and Veracruz; type from Estero (Tamaulipas ?). Reported from
Panama.
*Fl. Mex. 18. 1893. .
1254 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub or small tree, 2.5 to 7 meters high; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate
or oblong-ovate, 5 to 15 em. long, acuminate, acute to rounded at base, entire,
glabrate above, beneath tomentulose or glabrate; cymes in terminal panicles;
calyx about 4 mm. long, obtusely 4-dentate; corolla white, glabrous, 10 to
12 mm. long, the tube ampliate above; fruit drupaceous, yellow, 6 to 8 mm.
in diameter, the calyx persistent and cuplike at its base.
147. MENTHACEAE. Mint Family.
Shrubs or small trees or often herbs, usually aromatic; stems commonly
quadrangular; leaves opposite or verticillate, simple; flowers perfect, ir-
regular, small or large; calyx inferior, persistent, gamosepalous, 5-dentate or
bilabiate; corolla gamopetalous, the limb 5-lobate or 4-lobate, usually bilabiate ;
stamens 4 or 2, attached to the corolla tube; style filiform, usually bifid at
apex; fruit commonly of 4 small 1-seeded nutlets.
The family is often known by the name Labiatae. Several genera are
represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species.
Fertile stamens 2.
Anther cells linear.
Upperilip, of *corolla. spreading. 2242s Pee eee 1. RAMONA.
Wpperslipofl"corollavercct= ae ee ee eee 2. SALVIA.
Anther cells oblong.
Stamens distant) straight 222 Ss Seer ee eee ee 3. CUNILA.
Stamens ascending, converging, usually arcuate______ 4. POLIOMINTHA.
Fertile stamens 4,
Calyx closed after anthesis.
Calyx: sibbous. not Mailated 208 see eee eee ee 5. SCUTELLARIA.
Calyx“not-2ibbpous, "inflated. #2.) ay tee 4 2) ee 6. SALAZARIA.
Calyx open after anthesis.
Upper lip of the calyx decurrent upon the tube______________ 7. OCIMUM.
Upper lip of the calyx not decurrent.
INutlets; snSsose-reticulates: t's Senta Atpet eee 8. TRICHOSTEMA,
Nutlets smooth or granular.
Calyxeibilabiatese S2e- 2. neil neste et a oe a 9. CLINOPODIUM.
Calyx not bilabiate, the 5 teeth equal or nearly so.
Stamens declined toward the lower lip of the corolla.
10. HYPTIS.
Stamens not declined.
Flowers in a terminal head________________ 11. MONARDELLA.
Flowers chiefly axillary, or in terminal racemes.
Leaves hastate; calyx campulate_-__________ 12. SPHACELE.
Leaves not hastate; calyx tubular__________ 13. GARDOQUIA.
1. RAMONA Greene, Pittonia 2: 235. 1892.
Low shrubs; leaves entire or crenate; flower clusters in interrupted spikes
or sometimes paniculate; calyx bilabiate, the posterior lip entire or minutely
3-dentate, the anterior lip bifid; corolla tube equaling or longer than the
calyx, the limb bilabiate; perfect stamens 2.
-Bracts scarious-membranaceous, colored.
CAVES KENtITe oe) UNS Se See ee eee ere 1. R. pachystachya.
Teaves ~crenulates s+ 2-22 2 ays oe era ere oe 2. R. capitata.
.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1255
Bracts herbaceous.
Inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate. Tube of the corolla shorter than the limb.
3. R. polystachya.
Inflorescence verticillate-spicate.
Corollataboutslvemylong2= = aes ee Se ee ee 4, R. stachyoides.
Corolla nearly or fully 2 cm. long.
Outer bracts acute cr short-mucronate__-_--__-----___ 5. R. clevelandi.
Outer bracts with long aristateitips222 2s 6. R. vaseyi.
1. Ramona pachystachya (A. Gray) Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 4. 1900.
Audibertia incana pachystachya A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 21: 461. 1886.
Audibertia pachystachya Parish, Erythea 6: 91. 1898.
Mountains of Baja California. California; type from San Bernardino
Mountains.
Leaves spatulate, 2 to 4 cm. long, rounded at apex, attenuate at base to
a slender petiole, minutely canescent-tomentulose or glabrate; inflorescence
verticillate-spicate; bracts large, oval or rounded, purplish; corolla nearly 2
em. long.
2. Ramona capitata (A. Gray) Brig. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.
Audibertia capitata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 387. 1867.
Northwestern Sonora. Southern California; type from Providence
Mountains.
Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 1 to 2 cm. long, obtuse, acute at base, slender-
petiolate, very rugose, minutely tomentulose; flowers in terminal solitary
heads, the bracts whitish; corolla nearly 2 cm. long.
3. Ramona polystachya (Benth.) Greene, Pittonia 2: 235. 1892.
Audibertia polystachya Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 314. 1838.
Northern Baja California. California.
Shrub, about 1 meter high, densely white-tomentulose throughout; leaves
lance-oblong, 5 to 8 em. long, obtuse, acute at base; corolla white or nearly
so, about 1 em. long.
The white sage is a very common shrub in southern California and it is
an important honey plant. The Indians of the region gather large quantities
of the seeds, parch them, and grind them into meal in a mortar. The meal
is stirred into water and salted, thus forming pinole, which is eaten or drunk.
4, Ramona stachyoides (Benth.) Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.
Audibertia stachyoides Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 3138. 1833.
Baja California. California.
Shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate, mostly
1.5 to 2.5 em. long, obtuse, attenuate at base, glabrate and green above, to-
mentulose beneath ; corolla white or lilac.
Known in California as “black sage”; like R. polystachya, an important
honey plant.
5. Ramona clevelandi (A. Gray) Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.
Audibertia clevelandi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 10: 76. 1874.
Northern Baja California. Southern California; type collected near San
Diego.
Leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 2 to 7 cm. long, obtuse, acute at base, cinere-
ous-tomentulose; bracts usually tinged with purple.
1256 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
6. Ramona vaseyi (Porter) Briq. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 2: 440. 1894.
Audibertia vaseyi Porter, Bot. Gaz. 6: 207. 1881.
Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from San Diego
County.
Leaves oblong or lance-oblong, 2 to 5 cm. long, obtuse, acute at base, ci-
nereous-tomentulose beneath, often glabrate above.
2. SALVIA L. Sp. Pl. 23. 1753.
REFERENCE: Fernald, A synopsis of the Mexican and Central American spe-
cies of Salvia, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 489-556. 1900.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves entire or toothed; flowers small or large, usually
verticillate and racemose; calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip entire or 3-dentate,
the lower bidentate; corolla conspicuously bilabiate; fertile stamens 2.
Many herbaceous species occur in Mexico, at least 100 or more. The best-
known plant of the genus is Salvia officinalis L., the garden sage, a native
of the Old World, whose aromatic leaves are used for flavoring food. Some of
the herbaceous species are known in Mexico as “ chia,’ and a favorite bever-
age, known by the same name, is prepared by soaking the mucilaginous seeds
in water.
Calyx densely lanate with purplish wool.
Leaves linear-lanceolate; corolla white___.________________ 1. S. leucantha.
Leaves ovate, subcordate at base; corolla reddish.
Leaves very rugose, 2.5 to 4 em. long; petioles 4 to 8 mm. long.
2. S. lantanaefolia.
Leaves scarcely rugose, 5 to 10 cm. long; petioles 1.5 to 2.5 em. long.
3. S. populifolia.
Calyx not lanate or, if so, the wool not purplish.
A. Corolla commonly less than 2 em. long, blue or white.
Bracts of the inflgrescence large, persistent, firm, and leaflike.
TOA VES El. LO so RCM a OT Se =e rece ee ee 4, S. nelsonii.
Leaves mostly 7 to 15 cm. long.
leaves tomentose beneath: ee ee 5. S. shannoni.
Leaves glabrous beneath except along the costa________ 6. S. collinsii.
Bracts small, never leaflike, usually deciduous.
B. Leaves oblong or lanceolate or, if ovate, not cordate at base.
Calyx densely lanate.
Leaves crenulate: 2 25) oh ae) sige Teint eerie 7. S. confinis.
Leaves ‘coarsely’ dentate. =) 2-2 Sew aes 8. S. californica.
Calyx canescent, pubescent, or tomentose, not lanate.
C. Leaves entire or essentially so.
Leaves sessile or subsessile, narrowly oblong or linear, strongly
revolute.
Leaves linear, glabrous above; calyx glabrate__9. S. fasciculata.
Leaves narrowly oblong, tomentulose above; calyx glandular-
TOTO Sate eg Se eR 5 Se eee 10. S. coulteri.
Leaves, except sometimes the uppermost, petiolate.
Leaves usually narrowly triangular-ovate, truncate at base.
11. S. candicans.
Leaves narrowly ovate or oblong, attenuate or rounded at base.
Calyx lobes obtuse.
Calyx glandular-pubescent_____________-_ 12. S. thymoides.
Calyx without glandular pubescence___18. S. chionophylla.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1o57
Calyx lehes acuminate.
Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, 3 to 7 mm. long, all slender-
DECIOIATEE Ses ee res ee ee 14. S. serpyllifolia.
Leaves oblong, 10 to 25 mm. long, the uppermost subsessile.
Leaves finely stellate-pubescent, at least when young.
15. S. coahuilensis.
eaves"elabrouss2 se ae vals Pe eee 16. S. lycioides.
CC. Leaves crenate or crenate-serrate.
Calyx lobes becoming much broadened in age, the calyx funnelform.
Leaves green above, usually rugose, regularly crenate.
Calyx finely and closely tomentose______-_ 17. S. ballotaeflora.
Calyx loosely and coarsely stellate-tomentose.
18. S. ramosa.
Leaves very pale on both surfaces, irregularly crenate.
19. S. platycheila.
Calyx lobes not broadened in age or scarcely so.
Mature leaves glabrous=. 2 a ese 20. S. similis.
Mature leaves pubescent on one or both surfaces.
Pubescence of the leaves of stellate hairs.
Stems very densely and finely white-tomentulose; verticels
6-to10-floweredS oo. Set Sn se ee 21. S. cedrosensis.
Stems thinly stellate-tomentose; verticels 2 to 6-flowered.
22. S. chamaedryoides.
Pubescence of the leaves not stellate.
Leaves obtuse, densely viscid-pubescent on the upper surface.
23. S. purpusii.
Leaves acuminate, glabrous or nearly so on the upper
surface.
Upper leaves sessile; flowers cymose-paniculate.
24. S. dasycalyx.
Upper leaves long-petiolate; inflorescence racemose.
25. S. fallax.
BB. Leaves ovate or broadly ovate, usually cordate at base.
Leaves glabrous beneath or sparsely puberulent along the nerves.
4. S. nelsonii.
Leaves, at least when young, densely pubescent or tomentose beneath.
D. Leaves stellate-pubescent beneath, at least when young.
Calyx densely white-lanate________________ 26. S. rubropunctata.
Calyx stellate-tomentose, not lanate except sometimes at base.
eaves=d to: 125: em. longe=-=2s ae eee eee 27. S. fruticulosa.
Leaves 2 to 6 cm. long.
Branchlets and nerves of young leaves with sulphur-yellow
tomentum.. 2 2s ee ee 28. S. conzattii.
Branchlets and lower surface of leaves with white tomentum.
Leaves broadly ovate, sharply crenate-dentate; calyx lobes
obtuse ey a a eae Se 29. S. pruinosa.
Leaves oblong-ovate, obtusely crenate; calyx lobes acute.
30. S. goldmanii.
DD. Leaves white-tomentose beneath with simple hairs.
BH. Leaves very rugose above, usually broadly ovate, obtuse.
Pedicels very short, 3 mm. long or less; racemes rather dense;
calyx in anthesis 4 to 5 mm. long.
Calyx, slandular-villouss=2 = 31. S. scordoniaefolia.
1258 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Calyx without glandular pubescence. 7
Pubescence of the corolla glandular________ 32. S. dugesii. —
Pubescence of the corolla chiefly eglandular.
33. S. lasiantha,
Pedicels 3 to 9 mm. long; racemes loosely flowered; calyx in
anthesis 6 mm. long or more.
Calyx purplish violet, glandular-villous, in anthesis nearly 1)
mms Lom gest es os eee 34. S. semiatrata.
Calyx green or blue-tinged, glandular-puberulent and minutely
hispidulous on the nerves, in anthesis about 6 mm. long.
Leaves oblong or narrowly ovate_______- 35. S. rupicola.
heaves «broadly vovate =: = eee 36. S. gonzalezii.
EE. Leaves only slightly rugose, narrow-ovate, mostly acuminate.
Flowers in small cymes, these arranged in a terminal thyrse.
37. S. thyrsiflora.
Flowers in simple or branched racemes. -
Branches pubescent with soft ascending hairs.
38. S. multiramea.
Branches short-pilose with recurved-spreading hairs.
Calyx tubular, in fruit 5 mm. long, the tube 4 times as
long 88 the lobes --285 43 25 ae ees 39. S. alamosana.
Calyx campanulate, in fruit 6 to 7 mm. long, the tube twice
HS lone 9S the loves = =e 40. S. chapalensis
AA. Corolla 2 to 12 em. long, variously colored, often scarlet or yellow.
Corolla yellow.
NioWwerstaxillanry,; SOUtATY 2-2 2.222 ee eae 41 S. aspera.
WIOWerS! (RACEMOSC. 22s Baa fe ae a et ee eee 42. S. chrysantha.
Corolla not yellow.
Calyx inflated-campanulate. Corolla scarlet.
SLONIS SVISCIG-NITSWUG=<2~ ea hee en ee eid 48. S. adglutinans.
Stems not viscid-hirsute.
Leaves chiefly ovate-lanceolate to oblong, cuneate or narrowed at
DSC tn eer ee Ew ere Ee ae ET ee ae 44, S. sessei.
Leaves broadly ovate to orbicular.
Leaves pubescent beneath on the nerves, 4 cm. long or less;
branches, ,clabrate 2) ke eee 45. S. regla.
Leaves tomentose beneath, usually more than 4 cm. long;
branches tomentose or puberulent.
Branehesstomentoses=2- aes 46. S. pubescens.
Branches “puberulent=_-— 2 ee eee 47. S. muralis.
Calyx tubular-campanulate, not inflated.
F. Corolla ventricose, the tube straight.
G. Leaves 1 to 4 cm. long.
INTOWOES:; Usd llainiy 8 = ee 48. S. disjuncta.
Flowers in terminal racemes.
Leaves narrowly oblong to linear-oblanceolate___49. S. greggii.
Leaves ovate or broadly oblong.
Pubescence of branches and leaves stellate__50. S. oaxacana.
Pubescence of branches and leaves simple.
Calyx glabrous, or barely puberulent at base_51 S. oresbia.
Calyx hispidulous on the nerves.
Leaves glabrous or glabrate beneath___52. S. grahami.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1259
Leaves pubescent beneath.
Leaves mostly less than 2 cm. long__53. S. microphylla.
Leaves usually more than 2 em. long.
Corolla 3.2 to 3.5 em. long________54. S. schaffneri.
Corolla 2.5 to 2.7 cm long.
Leaves thin, hardly rugose, subacuminate.
55. S. lemmoni.
Leaves rugose, usually rounded at apex.
56. S. neurepia.
GG. Leaves larger, all except the smallest more than 4 ecm. long.
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so
Calyx herbaceous, the tube becoming corrugated, the lobes sub-
equals Sam ge OS Se ee eee 57. S. pringlei.
YJalyx less herbaceous, the tube not corrugated, the lobes un-
equal.
Leaves cuneate or obtuse at base________ 58. S. involucrata.
Leaves mostly cordate at base____________ 59. S. pulchella.
Leaves pubescent beneath.
Corollay2:o} co p20 Ema longhair ees 60. S. adenophora.
Corolla 4 to 6 em. long
Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath, finely crenate-ser-
rate; calyx glandular-puberulent_________ 61. S. fulgens.
Leaves pilose beneath on the nerves, coarsely crenate; calyx
not-at all or very minutely glandular-puberulent.
62. S. orizabensis.
FF. Corolla not ventricose, the tube straight or curved.
Leaves cuneate or narrowed at base.
Leaves pubescent beneath; corolla rose-purple.
Corolla 1.5 to 1.8 em. long.
Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate______________ 63. S. chiapensis,
Leaves oblong-lanceolate___._____________ 64, S. antennifera.
Corollas25 to Asem: lone 2222 2h) ee Ress 65. S. curviflora.
Leaves glabrous beneath; corolla red____________ 66. S. miniata.
Leaves rounded or cordate at base.
Leaves cordate at base.
Corollaspunplesors pinks ae eS ee 67. S. aristulata.
Corolla scarlet.
Calyxyinganthesise em: longs) ee 68. S. cyclophylla.
(GH iyace “ae eo payAi Ce eo Be el Co) ange ae Se NL al Ne ee 69. S. incana,
Leaves rounded or rounded-truncate at base, not definitely cor-
date.
Leaves lanceolate, 10 to 15 em. long_-______ __70. S. perlonga.
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, shorter.
G. Corolla purple or flesh-colored.
H. Leaves glabrous or minutely puberulent beneath.
Branches canescent-velutinous; flower clusters 2-flow-
(2 iyo abana uch Y i OA bate aii Ae pee aie ts 71. S. gracilifiora.
Branches slightly pilose, puberulent, or glabrous; flower
clusters several or many-flowered.
Glands (2) usually present at base of petiole; corolla
2 .toc2s som) longa cat). oun) 0 72. S. purpurea.
Glands absent; corolla 2.5 to 4 em. long__73. S. littae.
1260 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
HH. Leaves more or less pilose or tomentose beneath.
Pubescent stellate.
Calyx! 12) to 43mm. longo th yess 74. S. rosei.
Calyx) mim long ss ees So 75. S. arbuscula.
Pubescence not stellate.
Leaves merely pilose beneath.
Leaves broadly ovate; corolla deep purple-violet.
76. S. iodantha.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate; corolla flesh-colored.
77. S. michoacana,
Leaves velutinous or lanate beneath.
Leaves serrate; calyx lobes broad, mucronate.
78. S. nervata.
Leaves crenate; calyx lobes long-acuminate.
79. S. karwinskii.
GG. Corolla scarlet or vermilion.
Calyx lips unequal, the upper one produced into a subulate
awn, the lower one short__________ 80. S. cinnabarina.
Calyx lips subequal.
Calyx lobes subulate-tipped______________ 81. S. elegans.
Calyx lobes not subulate-tipped.
Bracts 2 to 3 em. long, persistent____82. S. mollissima.
Bracts smaller, deciduous____--______-- 83. S. coccinea.
1. Salvia leucantha Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: 16. pl. 24. 1791.
Salvia bicolor Sessé & Moe. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 8. 1887.
Zacatecas to Puebla and Morelos.
Plants chiefly herbaceous, sometimes suffrutescent below; leaves short-
petiolate, 5 to 17 cm. long, attenuate, crenulate, green above, tomentose be-
neath; flowers in long racemes; calyx nearly 1 cm. long, covered with
beautiful purple wool; corolla about 18 mm. long.
2. Salvia lantanaefolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 69. 1844.
Puebla; type from Tehuacan.
Shrub; leaves obtuse, green above, tomentose beneath; flowers in dense
racemes; calyx about 1 cm. long.
8. Salvia populifolia Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 530. 1900.
Type from Bolafios, Jalisco.
Shrub; leaves acute, crenulate, green and glabrate above, whitish-tomentose
beneath; calyx in anthesis about 18 mm. long, the lobes acuminate; corolla
3.5 em. long.
4. Salvia nelsonii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 527. 1900.
Salvia albicans Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 501. 1901.
Guerrero, Puebla, and Morelos; type collected between Acatlin and Piaxtla,
Puebla.
Shrub, 2.5 to 5 meters high, the branches cinereous-puberulent ; leaves ovate,
acute or acuminate, rounded at base, serrulate, finely canescent-puberulent ;
flowers in dense spikelike racemes; calyx 8 mm. long, densely white-tomentose,
the lobes obtuse; corolla about 14 mm. long, blue and white.
5. Salvia shannoni Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 19: 256. 1894.
Oaxaca and Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Volec4n Chingo.
Shrub; leaves lanceolate to ovate, obtuse or cordate at base, acuminate, ser-
rate or crenate-serrate, green above; racemes very thick and dense, the bracts
purplish; calyx about 1 cm. long, the lobes acute.
ees eee
Mes, ~
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1261
6. Salvia collinsii Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 61: 386. 1916.
Type from Pantepec, Chiapas.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves lance-oblong, long-acuminate, obtuse or
acute at base, serrate, green and glabrous above, pale beneath; calyx 7 to
8 mm. long, green, the lobes acute; corolla white.
7%. Salvia confinis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 523. 1900.
Sonora. Type from Fort Huachuca, Arizona.
Branches stellate-canescent; leaves oblong, 1.5 to 4.5 cm. long, obtuse or
acutish, canescent; racemes spikelike, 1 to 4 cm. long; corolla blue, scarcely
1 em. long.
8. Salvia californica T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 197. 1889.
Baja California; type from Calmalli.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, densely stellate-tomentose; leaves sessile, ovate-
elliptic, 18 mm. long or less, with few coarse spreading teeth; racemes in-
terrupted, spikelike; corolla blue .
9. Salvia fasciculata Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 54. 1904.
Type from mountains near Oaxaca.
Shrub; leaves 1 to 2.5 cm. long, canescent beneath, strongly revolute;
racemes 1 to 3 em. long; calyx tubular-campanulate, in anthesis 4 mm. long,
minutely stellate-pubescent; corolla purplish, 8 mm. long.
10. Salvia coulteri Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 519. 1900.
Type from somewhere in Mexico.
Leaves 1 to 1.5 em. long, stellate-tomentulose, obtuse, revolute; racemes 2
to 3 cm. long; calyx 6 to 7 mm. long, the teeth lance-subulate; corolla 12
mm. long.
11. Salvia candicans Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 117: 61. 1844.
Puebla; type from Tehuacfn.
Shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse, coriaceous,
very densely stellate-tomentose, at least beneath; racemes short, dense; calyx
5 to 8 mm. long, densely stellate-tomentose; corolla 8 to 13 mm. long.
12. Salvia thymoides Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 255. 1834.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Mitla, Oaxaca.
Slender shrub, usually about 30 cm. high; leaves mostly 4 to 7 mm. long,
obtuse, stellate-tomentulose or glabrate; racemes slender, elongate, interrupted ;
calyx 5 to 6 mm. long; corolla about 18 mm. long.
18. Salvia chionophylla Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 64. 1907.
Type from Chojo Grande, 27 miles southeast of Saltillo, Coahuila.
Stems fruticose, decumbent, stellate-canescent; leaves 5 to 15 mm. long,
rounded at apex, minutely stellate-tomentulose, whitish; racemes 5 to 10 mm.
long, interrupted; calyx 6 to 9 mm. long; corolla 1.5 cm. long, blue and white.
14. Salvia serpyllifolia Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 521. 1900.
Type from San Luis Potosi.
Stems short-pubescent with white, spreading or recurved hairs; racemes
10 to 20 em. long, interrupted; calyx short-hispidulous; corolla 12 mm. long.
15. Salvia coahuilensis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 520. 1900.
Coahuila; type from Saltillo.
Plants 70 cm. high or less, woody below, the stems stellate-puberulent or
glabrate; racemes 5 to 35 cm. long, interrupted; calyx puberulent, 6 to 8 mm.
long; corolla 1.5 cm. long, blue.
79688—24———27
1262 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
16. Salvia lycioides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 408. 1886.
Santa Eulalia Mountains of Chihuahua.
Slender shrub, the branches sparsely puberulent or glabrate; leaves mostly
obtuse; racemes slender, elongate, interrupted; calyx 6 to 8 mm. long; corolla
nearly 2 cm. long.
17. Salvia ballotaeflora Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 270. 1834.
Salvia laza Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 270. 1834.
Salvia ballotaeflora eulaliae Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 522. 1900.
Chihuahua to Zacatecas, Hidalgo, and Tamaulipas; type from Toliman
(Querétaro ?). Western Texas.
Low shrub; leaves broadly deltoid-ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse, densely
stellate-tomentose beneath, usually truncate at base but rarely subcordate;
racemes short, few-flowered; calyx 5 to 9 mm. long, the lobes very obtuse;
corolla about 12 mm. long. “ Engorda-cabra” (Zacatecas); “crespa” (San
Luis Potos{) ; ‘mejorana” (Texas, Chihuahua) ; “ mejorana del pais” (Chi-
huahua).
S. ballotaeflora eulaliae is a form with large leaves (3 cm. long).
18. Salvia ramosa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 255. 1908.
Type from Tlacuilotepec, Puebla.
Shrub; leaves 1 cm. long or less, obtuse or rounded at apex, very rugose,
finely stellate-puberulent, green above; racemes elongate, interrupted; calyx
4 to 5 mm. long; corolla about 7 mm. long.
19. Salvia platycheila A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 292. 1870.
Carmen Island, Baja California.
Shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, 2 to 4.5 em. long, very obtuse, very minutely
and densely tomentulose; racemes short or elongate, interrupted; calyx 8 to
12 mm. long, minutely tomentulose; corolla nearly 2 cm. long.
20. Salvia similis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 108. 1901.
Baja California; type from mountains of the Cape Region.
Much-branched shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the stems minutely canescent-
tomentulose; leaves ovate, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long, coarsely crenate-serrate, minutely
stellate-tomentulose when young but soon glabrous; racemes short, dense;
calyx 5 to 7 mm. long; corolla pale blue.
21. Salvia cedrosensis Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad, 1: 212. 1885.
Baja California; type from Cedros Island.
Low shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 2.5 cm. long
or less, obtuse or acute, crenate, sparsely stellate-pubescent in age; racemes
short or elongate, interrupted; calyx 5 to 7 mm. long, violet.
22. Salvia chamaedryoides Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 77. pl. 197. 1793.
Salvia chamaedrifolia Andrews, Bot. Rep. 6: pl. 416. 1805 (7).
Salvia chamaedrys Willd. Hort. Berol. 1: 29. pl. 29. 1816.
Salvia chamaedryoides isochroma Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 522. 1900.
Zacatecas and San Luis Potosi to Mexico.
Low shrub, usually about 40 cm. high; leaves 1 to 3.5 em. long, obtuse, finely
crenate, canescent-tomentose, sometimes green above; racemes elongate, inter-
rupted; calyx 7 to 12 mm. long, often tinged with violet; corolla about 12 mm.
long.
23. Salvia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 187. 1911.
Type from Cerro del Zapatero, Coahuila.
Low shrub, the branches glandular-pubescent; leaves 1.5 to 3 em. long,
obtuse, coarsely crenate, the lower ones (oblong) sometimes cordate at base,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1263
densely glandular-pubescent ; racemes 3 to 6 cm. long; calyx about 1 em. long;
corolla 18 mm. long, violaceous.
24, Salvia dasycalyx Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 421. 1910.
Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoac4n or Guerrero, altitude 1,800 meters.
Shrub, 1.5 meters high; leaves lance-oblong, 3.5 to 5 em. long, villosulous
beneath along the veins; panicles dense, many-flowered; calyx 3 mm. long,
villous; corolla violet, 7 to 8 mm. long.
25. Salvia fallax Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 419. 1910.
Type from Tepic.
Shrub, the young branches villous; leaves ovate, 6 to 11 cm. long, sharply
serrate, sparsely villous beneath; racemes 10 to 15 cm. long; calyx 5 to 6
mm. long, violaceous; corolla blue, 1 cm. long.
26. Salvia rubropunctata Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 80: 121. 1894.
Type from Huehuerachi, Sonora.
Plants suffrutescent ; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 4 cm. long or less, stellate-
pubescent beneath or glabrate, red-punctate, finely crenate; racemes short and
dense; calyx 5 mm. long; corolla blue, 12 mm. long.
27. Salvia fruticulosa Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 721. 1834.
Type collected near the city of Oaxaca.
Low shrub, the stems white-tomentose; leaves ovate, obtuse, crenulate, white-
tomentose beneath.
28. Salvia conzattii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 526. 1900.
Type collected between El Pariin and Etla, Oaxaca, altitude 370 meters.
Leaves 1.5 to 6 cm. long, rounded at apex, very rugose above, finely crenu-
late; racemes spikelike, 2 to 6 cm. long; calyx densely blue-tomentose; corolla
blue, 12 mm. long.
29. Salvia pruinosa Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 85: 526. 1900.
Type collected between Mesquitec and Monte Escobedo, Jalisco.
Shrub, the branchlets stellate-tomentulose; leaves 2.5 to 5 cm. long, obtuse,
crenate-dentate, green and rugose above, white-tomentulose beneath; racemes
dense, 10 cm. long or less; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long; corolla blue, 12 mm. long.
80. Salvia goldmanii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 527. 1900.
Type from Batopilas, Chihuahua.
Stems thinly stellate-tomentulose; leaves 5 to 10 cm long, acute, green above,
pale beneath; racemes 5 to 15 cm. long; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, bluish; corolla
1.5 em. long.
31. Salvia scorodoniaefolia Poir. Encycl. Suppl. 5: 46. 1817.
Salvia melissodora Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 2. 1817.
Salvia scorodonia Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 264. 1834.
Salvia scorodoniaefolia crenaea Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 524. 1900.
Chihuahua to Oaxaca and Puebla.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves mostly deltoid-ovate, 2 to 9 em. long, ob-
tuse, crenate, whitish-tomentose beneath, usually green above; racemes short or
elongate, mostly dense; calyx 5 to 7 mm. long; corolla blue.
32. Salvia dugesii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 86: 500. 1901.
Guanajuato, Querétaro, and Mexico; type from Guanajuato.
Shrub; leaves 1.5 to 4.5 cm. long, obtuse, very rugose, crenate, whitish-tomen-
tose beneath, usually green above; racemes dense, elongate; calyx 7 mm. long,
violaceous; corolla 1.5 cm. long. ‘‘ Chia cimarrona ” (Guanajuato).
1264 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
83. Salvia lasiantha Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 276. 1834.
?Salvia keerlii Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 263. 1834.
Durango to San Luis Potosi and Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves mostly ovate-deltoid, 2 to 4.5 cm. long,
ebtuse, crenulate, whitish-tomentose beneath, usually green above; racemes
dense, elongate; calyx 5 to 7 mm. long, bluish or purplish; corolla about 12 mm.
long.
84. Salvia semiatrata Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Mtinchen 1: 298. 1829-30.
Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate-deltoid, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse,
crenulate, whitish-tomentose beneath, green and very rugose above; racemes
lax; corolla about 2 em. long, the lower lip nearly black.
85. Salvia rupicola Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 420. 1910.
Type from Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo.
Shrub; leaves 1 to 2 em. long, obtuse, glandular-pilose beneath, green and
rugose above, crenate; racemes 5 to 9 em. long; corolla 1 cm. long.
86. Salvia gonzalezii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 524. 1900.
Type collected between El Pariin and Etla, Oaxaca, altitude 370 meters.
Stems villous and glandular-puberulent; leaves broadly ovate, 1 to 2.5 em.
long, obtuse, crenulate, white-villous beneath ; racemes 5 to 15 cm. long; corolla
deep blue, 1.5 em. long.
87. Salvia thyrsifiora Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 151. 1844.
Tepic to Michoacin; type from Tepic.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate-lanceolate, short-petiolate, 2 to 5
cm. long, crenate, tomentose beneath, green above; calyx 4 to 5 mm. long;
corolla about 1.5 cm. long.
88. Salvia multiramea Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 525. 1900.
Guerrero to Chiapas; type collected near the city of Oaxaca.
Plants about 1 meter high, suffrutescent; leaves 2 to 7 em. long, crenulate, .
tomentose beneath, short-petiolate; corolla blue or white, 10 to 12 mm. long.
89. Salvia alamosana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 110. 1890.
Type from Sierra de Alamos, Sonora.
Plants about a meter high, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves 5 to 7.5 em.
long, crenate, tomentose beneath; corolla blue, 1 cm. long.
40. Salvia chapalensis Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 2: 145. 1898.
Type from Lake Chapala, Jalisco.
Leaves ovate, 4 to 5 em. long, crenate, green above, white-tomentose beneath ;
eorolla blue, about 1.5 em. long.
41. Salvia aspera Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux 11°: 71. 1844.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from mountains of Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less; leaves deltoid or deltoid-ovate, 1.5 to 2.5
em. long, obtuse, truncate or subcordate at base, crenate, green and rugose
above, tomentose beneath; calyx 2 cm. long; corolla 4 cm. long.
42. Salvia chrysantha Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 117: 72. 1844.
Guerrero to Chiapas and Puebla; type from Cordillera of Oaxaca. Re-
ported from Costa Rica.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 3 to 7
em. long, obtuse or acute, rounded at base, crenulate, green above, densely
tomentose beneath; racemes dense or interrupted, covered with beautiful yel-
low wool; calyx about 1 cm. long; corolla 2 to 3 em. long, yellow, red within.
—
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1265
43. Salvia adglutinans Lag. Gen. & Sp. Noy. 2. 1816.
Described from “‘ Nova Hispania,” the type collected by Sessé and Mociifio.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, cordate at base, acute, serrate, viscid-villous be-
neath when young; corolla scarlet, pubescent, 4 times as long as the calyx.
44. Salvia sessei Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 288. 1834.
Rhodochlamys speciosa Schauer, Linnaea 30: 707. 1847.
Salvia roezli Scheidw. Fl. Serr. Jard. 14: 31. pl. 1407. 1861.
Salvia semperflorens Llave, Naturaleza 7%: Apend. 81. 1885.
Salvia fastuosa Sessé & Moc. Pl. Noy. Hisp. 7. 1887.
Morelos and Guerrero.
Shrub, 2.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaves 5 to 18 cm. long, long-acuminate, crenate:
serrate or subentire, yellow-glandular beneath; racemes lax, paniculate; calyx
2.5 em. long, bright red; corolla scarlet, about 5 cm. long.
45. Salvia regla Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 33. pl. 455. 1799.
Salvia deltoidea Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 28. 1817.
Salvia crenata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 74. 1844.
Coahuila and Durango to Oaxaca and Hidalgo; type from Regla, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves obtuse, coarsely crenate, green; flowers
axillary or in short racemes; calyx 1.5 to 2 cm. long, bright red; corolla
‘searlet, 4 to 5 cm. long.
46. Salvia pubescens Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 723. 1834.
Oaxaca; type from San Dionisio.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves 4.5 to 10 cm. long, acute or
acuminate, crenate, green; flowers axillary or in short racemes; calyx red, 1.5
em. long; corolla scarlet, 4 to 5 em. long.
47. Salvia muralis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 65. 1907.
Iguala Canyon, Guerrero, altitude about 800 meters.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, 6 to 10 cm. long, acumi-
nate, coarsely crenate, green; racemes short, the flowers mostly geminate;
calyx 1.5 to 2 em. long, green or reddish; corolla scarlet, 4.5 to 6 em. long.
48. Salvia disjuncta Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 5338. 1900.
Chiapas.
Leaves deltoid-ovate, obtuse to acuminate, crenulate, green, somewhat tomen-
tose beneath; calyx in anthesis 12 to 15 mm. long; corolla 3 to 4 cm. long.
49. Salvia greggii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 369. 1870.
Coahuila and Durango; type from Saltillo, Coahuila.
Low shrub; leaves mostly 1 to 1.5 cm. long, obtuse, usually entire and
glabrous; calyx 10 to 12 mm. long, purplish; corolla red, 2.5 to 3 em. long.
50. Salvia oaxacana Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 85: 536. 1900.
Type from La Joya Canyon, Oaxaca, altitude 1,380 meters.
Shrub, much branched; leaves ovate, 1 cm. long or less, truncate or cordate
at base, crenate, rugose above, white-tomentose beneath; calyx 8 to 10 mm.
long, glandular-pilose.
51. Salvia oresbia Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 536. 1900.
San Luis Potosi; type from San Rafael.
Plants suffrutescent, about 30 cm. high, the branches glabrate; leaves ovate
to rounded-ovate, 1 to 38 em. long, obtuse or acute, appressed-serrate, glabrate;
calyx purplish, 10 to 14 mm. long; corolla slightly over 2 cm. long.
1266 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
52. Salvia grahami Benth. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1370. 1830.
Chihuahua and Coahuila to San Luis Potosi, Puebla, and Michoacéin; type
from Tlapujahua.
Low shrub; leaves petiolate, narrowly or broadly ovate, mostly 1 to 3 cm.
long, obtuse or acute, crenate or subentire, green; racemes short or elongate,
interrupted; calyx 7 to 12 mm. long, green or purplish; corolla red, 22 to 28
mm. long.
53. Salvia microphylla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 295. 1817.
Salwia microphylla canescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 407. 1886.
Salvia microphylla wislizeni A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 408. 1886.
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi, Puebla, and Mexico; type from Santa Rosa,
Guanajuato.
Low shrub; leaves petiolate, obtuse or acute, crenate or subentire, densely or
sparsely pubescent beneath; calyx 7 to 12 mm. long, green or bluish; corolla
red, 2 to 2.5 em. long. “Mirto” (Puebla, Jalisco); “pabellén mexicano”;
* salvia del monte” (Ramirez) ; “ toronjil” (Guerrero) ; ‘‘ bandera mexicana ”
(Oaxaca, Reko).
54. Salvia schaffneri Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 535. 1900.
Type from mountains near Morales, San Luis Potosi.
Branches glandular-puberulent; leaves deltoid-ovate, acuminate, crenulate,
puberulent, petiolate; racemes 15 cm. long or less; calyx 10 to 12 mm. long.
“Mirto grande.”
55. Salvia lemmoni A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20; 309. 1885.
Chihuahua and Sonora. Arizona; type from Huachuca Mountains.
Plants suffrutescent, 30 to 60 cm. high, puberulent; leaves ovate or deltoid-
ovate, crenulate, green, slender-petiolate; calyx 8 to 10 mm. long, glandular-
puberulent.
56. Salvia neurepia Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 535. 1900.
San Luis Potosi and Mexico; type from Morales, San Luis Potosi.
Plants suffrutescent, the branches puberulent or villous; leaves ovate or
rounded-ovate, rounded to subcordate at base, crenate, pubescent; racemes
short or elongate; calyx 10 to 13 mm. long. “Mirto” (San Luis Potosi).
A decoction of the plant is a local remedy for fevers and headache.
57. Salvia pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 391. 1894.
Type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches glabrate; leaves ovate, 4 to 9.5 cm.
long, acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, serrate, slender-petiolate; racemes
dense; calyx 1.5 em. long; corolla rose-purple, 3.5 to 4 em. long, villous.
58. Salvia involucrata Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 3. pl. 105. 1798.
Salvia laevigata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 295. pl. 147. 1817.
Mexico, Hidalgo, and Puebla. Guatemala.
Plants suffrutescent; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 12 cm. long, acumi-
nate, crenate-serrate, paler beneath; racemes dense, elongate; calyx about 1.5
em. long, red or purplish.
59. Salvia pulchella DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 142. 1813.
Chiapas. Guatemala.
Plants large, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves broadly ovate, 8 cm. long
or less, acuminate, crenate, paler beneath; racemes elongate; calyx green; co-
rolla red, about 3 ecm. long.
SS a eee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1267
60. Salvia adenophora Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 538. 1900.
Oaxaca; type from Jayacatlin.
Shrub, the branches glandular-pilose; leaves cordate-ovate, 4 to 10 cm. long,
obtuse or acute, crenate-serrate, tomentose beneath; racemes 30 em. long or
less; calyx 8 to 10 mm. long in anthesis; corolla red.
61. Salvia fulgens Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: 15. pl. 23. 1791.
Salvia cardinalis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 300. pl. 152. 1817.
Salvia boucheana Kunth, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1845.
Salvia grandiflora Sessé & Moe. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 7. 1887.
Zacatecas to Michoacin and Puebla.
Plants 1 to 3 meters high, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves ovate, 5 to 12
em. long, acuminate, cordate or rounded at base; racemes short or elongate;
corolla red.
62. Salvia orizabensis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 538. 1900.
Type from Mount Orizaba.
Stems short-pilose, glandular above; leaves ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, sub-
cordate at base; calyx 15 to 17 mm. long in anthesis.
63. Salvia chiapensis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 544. 1900.
Chiapas.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, the stems puberulent below, villosulous
above; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 5 to 12 em. long, acute, serrate, canescent-
tomentose beneath; calyx 7 to 8 mm. long in anthesis.
64. Salvia antennifera Brig. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 2: 168. 1894.
Type from Chiapas.
Shrub, the stems villous; leaves 10 to 14 cm. long, acuminate, sparsely pilose,
serrate; calyx about 8 mm. long, glandular-pilose.
65. Salvia curviflora Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 284. 1834.
Michoacin and Hidalgo; type from Tlalpujahua, Michoacin.
Plants fruticose, the branches tomentose; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, crenate-
serrate, tomentose beneath.
66. Salvia miniata Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 545. 1900.
Chiapas.
Glabrate shrub; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 15 to 20 em. long, sharply serrate;
corolla 3 to 3.2 em. long, red.
67. Salvia aristulata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 67. 1844.
Salvia longistyla Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 295. 1834.
Jalisco to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Capulalpan, Oaxaca.
Plants suffrutescent, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, rounded-ovate,
7 to 18 cm. long, acute or acuminate, crenate, thin, green; racemes elongate,
lax ; calyx 2 to 2.5 cm. long; corolla 3.5 to 4.5 em. long, curved.
68. Salvia cyclophylla Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 551. 1900.
Type collected between Tlapancingo, Oaxaca, and Tlalixtaquilla, Guerrero.
Shrub; leaves rounded-cordate, 6 to 7 cm. long, rounded at apex, crenate,
thin, sparsely short-pilose; calyx glandular-pilose; corolla 25 to 27 mm. long.
69. Salvia incana Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 117: 68. 1844.
Type from Tehuacan, Puebla.
Plants suffrutescent, canescent-hirsute; leaves cordate-ovate, 2.5 cm. long,
acutish, crenate, whitish-tomentose beneath; racemes short; corolla 3.5 em.
long.
1268 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
70. Salvia perlonga Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 546. 1900.
Type from the Sierra Madre near Chilpancingo, Guerrero.
Shrub, the branches hispid-pilose; leaves acuminate, crenate, green and
rugose above, whitish-tomentose beneath; racemes 10 to 20 cm. long; calyx
purplish, 13 mm. long; corolla 3 cm. long, red.
71. Salvia graciliflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11°: 75. 1844.
Type from Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Stems suffrutescent; leaves ovate, 5 em. long, acuminate, serrate; racemes
short; calyx canescent-tomentose; corolla about 2.5 em. long.
72. Salvia purpurea Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: 52. pl. 166. 1793.
Salvia affinis Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 99. 1830.
Salvia purpurea pubens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 446. 1887.
Durango and Jalisco to Chiapas and Veracruz. Central America.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, 1 to 3 meters high, the stems usually
minutely puberulent or glabrate; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 5 to 10
em. long, acuminate, serrate; racemes dense, short or elongate; calyx usually
purple-tomentose. ‘‘ Chichinguaste” (Guatemala).
73. Salvia littae Visiana, Padoy. Nuov. Sagg. 6: 87. 1847.
Oaxaca.
Stems chiefly herbaceous, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves ovate or rounded-
ovate, 5 to 9 em. long, acute, crenate-serrate; racemes dense; corolla pur-
plish-villous.
74. Salvia rosei Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 548. 1900.
Type collected between Colotlin and Bolafios, Jalisco.
Shrub; leaves ovate, 3.5 to 6 em. long, obtuse or acute, crenate-serrate ;
racemes 10 em. long or less; calyx puberulent; corolla 2.5 to 3 cm. long.
75. Salvia arbuscula Fernald, Proce. Amer. Acad. 45: 421. 1910.
Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacfn or Guerrero, altitude 1,500 meters.
Shrub, 2.5 meters high, the branches lanate; leaves ovate, about 10 cm.
long, acuminate, subcordate at base, white-tomentose beneath; racemes elon-
gate; corolla 2.5 to 3 ecm. long.
76. Salvia iodantha Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 547. 1900.
Type from Cuernavaca, Morelos, altitude 2,340 meters.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the stems puberulent ;
leaves 7 em. long or less, short-acuminate, serrate; racemes 10 to 20 cm. long,
subsecund ; calyx in anthesis 5 mm. long; corolla slightly more than 2 em. long,
77. Salvia michoacana Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 548. 1900.
Jalisco and Michoac∈ type from Patzcuaro, Michoacan.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the branches puberulent; leaves 5 to 12 em. long,
acuminate, crenate or serrate; racemes dense, 5 to 15 em. long; calyx 4 to 5
mm. long; corolla 2 to 2.5 em. long.
78. Salvia nervata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 77. 1844.
Type from Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, the stems puberulent; leaves ovate or
oyate-lanceolate, 5 to 8 em. long, acuminate; racemes secund, lax; calyx 10
to 14 mm. long; corolla about 3.5 em. long.
79. Salvia karwinskii Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 725. 1834.
Type from somewhere in Mexico.
Stems lanate; leaves ovate, acuminate, rounded at base, lanate beneath;
ealyx glandular-villous.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1269
80. Salvia cinnabarina Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 63. 1844.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Cerro de San Felipe, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves ovate, 3 to 12 cm. long, acute or
acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, serrulate, thinly tomentose or glabrate
beneath; racemes elongate; corolla bright red, about 3 cm. long.
81. Salvia elegans Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 238. 1804.
Salvia incarnata Cay. Anal. Cienc. Nat. 2: 112. 1800. Not S. incarnata
Htling. 1777.
Salvia punicea Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 65. 1844.
Salvia microcalyx Scheele, Linnaea 22: 589. 1849.
Salvia longiflora Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 8. 1887.
Salvia elegans sonorensis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 550. 1900.
Sonora and Chihuahua to Veracruz and Oaxaca.
Plants fruticose or herbaceous; leaves chiefly ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, obtuse
to acuminate, serrate or crenate, pubescent or glabrate beneath; racemes lax,
elongate; corolla bright red, 3 to 3.5 em. long.
82. Salvia mollissima Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 71. 1844.
Type from Oaxaca.
Stems chiefly herbaceous, hirsute; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 7.5 cm. long,
acuminate, crenate, white-tomentose beneath; calyx 8 to 10 mm. long; corolla
2.5 em. long.
83. Salvia coccinea Juss.; Murr. Comm. Gott. 1: 86. pl. 1. 1778.
Salvia pseudococcinea Jacq. Coll. Bot. 2: 302. 1788.
Salvia ciliata Benth. Lab. Gen & Sp. 286. 1834.
Salvia galeottii Mart.; Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 75. 1844.
Salvia coccinea pseudococcinea Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 2: 530. 1891.
Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leén to Tepic, Chiapas, and Yucatan. Widely dis-
tributed in tropical America.
Stems usually herbaceous but sometimes suffrutescent, commonly hirsute;
leaves ovate or deltoid, 1.5 to 5 em. long, obtuse or acute, crenate, tomentose
or pubescent beneath; racemes short or elongate; calyx 6 to 9 mm. long;
corolla about 2.5 cm. long, bright red. ‘‘ Mirto”’ (Nuevo Leén). =
This species is commonly cultivated as an ornamental plant under the names
“salvia”? and “searlet sage.” Several horticultural forms are known.
3. CUNILA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1359. 1759.
Low shrubs or herbs; leaves serrate or entire; flowers small, in dense or
loose clusters, these axillary or in terminal spikes; calyx tubular, 10 to 13-
nerved, barbate in the throat, the 5 teeth subequal; corolla bilabiate; sta-
mens 2.
Bractlets equaling the calyx; flowers sessile or nearly so, in dense spikes.
1. C. lythrifolia.
Bractlets much shorter than the calyx; flowers pedicellate.
Corolla more than twice as long as the calyx, usually 3 times as long.
2. C. longiflora.
Corolla less than twice as long as the calyx.
Flower clusters arranged in rounded cymes_____--_--_~_ 3. C. pycnantha.
Flower clusters spicate.
Leaves densely tomentose beneath____________________ 4. C. tomentosa.
Leaves thinly villous or glabrate beneath.
Stemsrvilloswlous22== 222 See eee ee ee ees 5. C. polyantha.
Stems7elaprous. = eae see ee Oe eee ee ee 6. C. leucantha.
79688—24——_28
1270 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Cunila lythrifolia Benth. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 15: pl. 1289. 1829.
?Cunila stachyoides Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 190. 1844.
Hidalgo, Mexico, and Morelos.
Plants 0.6 to 2 meters high, herbaceous or suffrutescent, the stems densely
pilose; leaves lance-oblong or oblong-ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, acuminate, ser-
rulate, tomentulose beneath; spikes very dense, villous; corolla purplish.
Cunila stachyoides was described from Orizaba.
2. Cunila longiflora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 444. 1887.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Plants slender, suffrutescent; leaves lanceolate to ovate, 3 to 6.5 em. long,
long-acuminate, serrulate or entire, thinly tomentulose beneath; flowers in
lax pedunculate cymes; corolla 6 to 8 mm. long.
The writer has seen no specimens of C. secunda S. Wats.,’ which was de-
scribed from Guanajuato, where it is said to be known as “poleo de cerro.”
From the description it can not be distinguished from C. longiflora, and prob-
ably Watson’s name should replace C. longiflora.
8. Cunila pycnantha Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 391. 1894.
Jalisco, Michoacin, and Morelos; type from Nevado de Colima, altitude 2,100
meters.
Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate
to ovate, 2.5 to 5.5 em. long, long-acuminate, serrulate or entire, nearly gla-
brous; corolla white, 5 mm. long.
4. Cunila tomentosa Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 565. 1900.
Type collected between Plunia and San Miguel Suchistepec, Oaxaca, altitude
1,800 meters.
Stems sharply quadrangular; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 5
em. long, acuminate, entire or serrulate; corolla 3 mm. long.
5. Cunila polyantha Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 362. 1834.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Guerrero. Guatemala.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate to broadly ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, acute to long-
acuminate, entire or serrulate, thinly tomentose or glabrate beneath; corolla
white, about 4 mm. long. 5
6. Cunila leucantha Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 361. 1834.
Described from Mexico.
Leaves ovate-oblong, 12 to 16 mm. long, entire, glabrous; cymes lax, 16 to
20-flowered, the pedicels pubescent; corolla white.
The writer has seen no specimens agreeing with the original description.
4. POLIOMINTHA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 295. 1870.
Low shrubs; leaves entire; flowers pink or purple, clustered in the leaf axils;
calyx tubular, 13 to 15-striate, barbate in the throat, the 5 teeth equal or nearly
so; corolla bilabiate, the upper lip erect, emarginate, the lower 3-cleft, the tube
equaling or longer than the calyx; stamens 2.
The following species are the only ones known.
Flowers 2 to 3.5 cm. long.
eavesoval. toy broadly. ovatei#2_Loee et St. VARA I ee 1. P. longiflora.
Leaves linear-oblong__________ aoe) OS een i Vbicolors
*Proe. Amer. Acad. 18: 136. 1883.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO, 1271
Flowers less than 1.5 em. long.
Leaves linear; calyx villous-hirsute_____________-____________ 3. P. incana.
Leaves oblong to suborbicular; calyx tomentulose.
Leaves glabrate, the pubescence simple________________ 4, P. glabrescens.
Leaves densely stellate-tomentose.
Leaves orbicular-ovate; corolla tube short-exserted______ 5. P. marifolia,
Leaves oblong-ovate; corolla tube long-exserted__________ 6. P. mollis.
1. Poliomintha longiflora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 296. 1870.
Coahuila.
Shrub, about 30 em. high; leaves 5 to 10 mm. long, rounded or obtuse at
apex, canescent-tomentulose beneath with simple hairs, green above; corolla
2.5 to 3.5 em. long, red. ‘‘ Orégano.”
The leaves are used for flavoring food and for making a beverage like tea.
2. Policmintha bicolor S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 160. 1890.
Hedeoma bicolor Briq. Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot. Genéve 2: 185. 1898.
Type from Sierra de la Silla, Nuevo Le6én, altitude 1,500 meters.
Densely branched shrub, 30 cm. high or less; leaves 4 to 8 mm. long, obtuse,
densely white-tomentulose beneath with simple hairs, glabrous above; corolla
about 3 cm. long.
8. Poliomintha incana (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 296. 1870.
Hedeoma incana Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 130. 1859.
Chihuahua and Sonora. Western Texas to Arizona and Utah.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves 1 to 3 cm. long, densely whitish-tomentu-
lose with simple hairs; corolla 10 to 12 mm. long, pale purplish.
The Hopi Indians of Arizona boil and eat the leaves and use the flowers for
seasoning food.
4. Poliomintha glabrescens A. Gray; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 549.
1882.
Type from Soledad, southwest of Monclova, Coahuila. Western Texas.
Low glabrate shrub; leaves oblong, 7 to 18 mm. long, obtuse, conspicuously
punctate; corolla about 12 mm. long.
5. Poliomintha marifolia (Schauer) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 365.
1870.
Keithia marifolia Schauer, Linnaea 20: 705. 1847.
San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo; type from Zimapfén, Hidalgo.
Leaves petiolate, 5 to 15 mm. long, rounded or very obtuse at apex, white-
tomentulose; corolla 12 to 14 mm. long.
6. Poliomintha mollis (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 365. 1870.
Hedeoma mollis Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 129. 1859.
Western Texas; type collected along the Rio Grande at Puerto de Paisano;
doubtless extending into Mexico.
Leaves 1 to 2.5 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, petiolate; corolla 12 mm. long.
6. SALAZARIA Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 133. 1859.
The genus was named for Don José Salazar, Mexican Commissioner of the
United States and Mexican Boundary Survey. It consists of a single species.
1. Salazaria mexicana Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 133. pl. 39. 1859.
Baja California, Chihuahua, and Coahuila; type collected in Chihuahua
below Presidio del Norte. Utah to southern California.
1372 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Slender shrub, 1 meter high or less, the branches densely white-tomentose;
leaves remote, short-petiolate, oblong to ovate, 2 cm. long or less, obtuse,
entire or nearly so; flowers in few-flowered racemes; calyx subglobose, in
fruit inflated and bladderlike, 1.5 cm. long, purplish, reticulate-veined; corolla
about 2 em. long, purplish; stamens 4.
7. OCIMUM L. Sp. Pl. 597. 1753.
Herbs or low shrubs; leaves petiolate, toothed; flowers in verticillate
racemes; calyx deflexed in fruit, campanulate or ovoid, 5-lobate,. the lobes
unequal; corolla white or nearly so, the tube usually shorter than the calyx;
stamens 4. .
Calyx hirtellous or puberulent, the upper lobe decurrent nearly or quite to
the paseoE“the ‘tubes 4) Sn. Ts Se ee 1. O. micranthum.
Calyx glabrous, the upper lobe decurrent to the middle of the tube or less.
2. O. sellowii.
1. Ocimum micranthum Willd. Enum. Pl. 630. 1809. :
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Yucatan, and Colima. West Indies; Central and
South America.
Plants essentially annual but sometimes suffrutescent, 60 cm. high or less;
leaves oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 2 to 9 cm. long, acute or obtuse, serrate
or subentire, puberulent or glabrate; racemes 2 to 10 em. long; calyx 6 to 7
mm. long in fruit; corolla 4 mm. long. ‘“Albahaca cimarrona” (Porto Rico) ;
“albahaca silvestre”? (Guatemala); “ albahaca,”’ “ albahaca montés” (HI Sal-
vador).
Ocimum campechianum Mill.,7 described from Campeche, is probably not
essentially different. It is said by Bentham to be more pubescent than QO.
micranthum. Specimens from the Yucatin Peninsula seen by the writer do
not differ from the usual forms of O. micranthum.
In El Salvador bunches of the leaves of this plant are put in the ears as a
remedy for earache.
2. Ocimum sellowii Benth. Lab. & Gen. Sp. 6. 1834.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz. Brazil.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves
ovate or lance-ovate, 4 to 8 em. long, acute or acuminate, acute at base, coarsely
serrate; racemes 10 to 20 em. long; calyx in fruit 8 mm. long; corolla 4 mm.
long.
8. TRICHOSTEMA L. Sp. PL. 598. 1753.
Herbs or low shrubs; leaves entire; flowers in axillary clusters or in thyrsi-
form panicles; calyx 5-dentate, 10-nerved, the limb equal or oblique; corolla
tube slender, the limb subequally 5-lobate; stamens 4, the anterior ones longer.
Leaves linear; corolla tube short-exserted____________________ 1. T. parishii.
Leaves ovate or broadly elliptic; corolla tube not exserted__2. T. arizonicum.
1. Trichostema parishii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 173. 1880.
Trichostema lanatum denudatum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 21: 459. 1886.
Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from San Diego
County. f
Low shrub; leaves 1 to 4.5 cm. long, sessile, glabrate above, tomentulose
beneath, the margins revolute; inflorescence thyrsiform, nearly naked, covered
with purple wool; corolla about 1 cm. long; stamens long-exserted.
* Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Ocimum no. 5. 1768.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. L273
2. Trichostema arizonicum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 371. 1872.
Northeastern Sonora. Arizona and New Mexico; type from Chiricahua
Mountains, Arizona.
Plants 60 cm. high or less, woody below, puberulent; leaves petiolate, 1 to
2 cm. long, obtuse; flower clusters axillary, on long slender peduncles; corolla
blue or whitish, 1 cm. long.
9. CLINOPODIUM L. Sp. Pl. 587. 1753.
Small shrubs or herbs; leaves entire or dentate; flowers axillary; calyx
tubular, 13-nerved, bilabiate, the posterior lip 3-dentate, the anterior one 2-
parted; corolla tube usually exserted, the limb bilabiate; stamens 4.
One herbaceous species occurs in Baja California.
Leaves 1 to 1.5 cm. long; petioles about as long as the blades.
1. C. oaxacanum.
Leaves mostly 3 to 7 em. long; petioles much less than half as long as the
blades.
Bran ehespavillOUS-OICSULC = ee ee 2. C. macrostemum
Branches finely puberulent or glabrous__________________ 3. C. laevigatum.
1, Clinopodium oaxacanum (Fernald) Standl.
Calamintha oaracana Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 564. 1900.
Type collected between El Pariaén and Etla, Oaxaca, altitude 1,200 meters.
Shrub with slender glabrate branches; leaves elliptic-ovate, acute, sharply
serrate; flowers solitary in the leaf axils; corolla red, about 3 cm. long.
2. Clinopodium macrostemum (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 515. 1891.
Calamintha macrostema Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12: 229. 1848.
Mexico and Morelos, and perhaps in neighboring States.
Shrub, sometimes 2.5 meters high; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, acuminate,
serrate, sparsely villous-hirsute beneath; corolla about 3 cm. long. ‘“ Taba-
quillo,” ‘“‘té del monte” (Mexico).
A decoction of the plant is employed as a remedy for affections of the stom-
ach and intestines. The leaves are employed as a substitute for Chinese tea.
8. Clinopodium laevigatum Standl., sp. nov.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Cerro San Felipe, Oaxaca (Nelson 1117; U. S.
Nat. Herb. no 565856).
Shrub, 0.5 to 1.5 meters high, the branchlets minutely puberulent or glabrate,
barbate at the nodes; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong to ovate-oblong, 2
to 8 cm. long, acute or acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, serrate or subentire,
usually glabrous but sometimes sparsely scabrous above and hirtellous be-
neath along the costa; flowers in few-flowered axillary pedunculate cymes;
calyx about 9 mm. long, glabrous; corolla about 2.5 cm. long. ‘ Poleo” (Sina-
loa); “nurite,” ‘“té nurite” (Michoacin); “guie-zaa” (Oaxaca, Zapotec,
Reko) ; “hierba del borracho” (Oaxaca); “té del monte”? (Oaxaca, Michoa-
cin).
Tea made from the leaves, sweetened with sugar, is a popular beverage in
some places along the western coast of Mexico. It is considered a remedy for
kidney troubles and a good tonic after malarial and other fevers.
10. HYPTIS Jacq. Coll. Bot. 1: 101. 1786.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves usually toothed; calyx tubular, ovoid, or campannu-
late, the 5 lobes equal; corolla bilabiate, the upper lip erect: or spreading, the
lower saccate; stamens 4.
Numerous herbaceous species of the genus occur in Mexico.
1274 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Flowers in loose panicles. Corolla 2 em. long or larger.
Leaves clasping at base; calyx minutely glandular-puberulent_1. H. nelsonii.
Leaves not clasping; calyx glandular-hispid__-_-___________ 2. H. langlassei.
Flowers in heads, umbels, or fascicles, these variously arranged.
Calyx lobes spreading in fruit.
Calyx lobes in fruit equaling or usually shorter than the tube.
3. H. stellulata.
Calyx: lobes: longer’ than: the tube4 == 3 ee 4. H. mociniana.
Calyx lobes erect in fruit.
Flowers sessile or nearly so.
Calyxcin, fruit 8041.0) amas longs Sse oes eT ess ee 5. H. rhytidea.
Calyx: about 2 mm. done sites a8 oe eee eerie oceles 6. H. seemanni.
Flowers all or mostly slender-pedicellate.
Flowers clusters all sessile or nearly so.
Leaves with a very dense, minute, close tomentum on the upper sur-
DHE a INE a se ee 7. H. tephrodes.
Leaves with a coarse tomentum on the upper surface, or the tomentum
fine but sparse.
Leaves lance-oblong to oblong-ovate, usually acute or acuminate.
8. H. albida.
Leaves mostly rounded-ovate and very obtuse____12. H. emoryi.
Flower clusters all or mostly pedunculate.
Lobes of the calyx half as long as the tube or less___9. H. tomentosa.
Lobes of the calyx more than half as long as the tube.
Leaves soon glabrate, green.
Calyx lobes linear-subulate; leaves broadly ovate, usually acute.
10. H. laniflora.
Calyx lobes lanceolate; leaves suborbicular, rounded at apex.
11. H. insularis.
Leaves densely whitish-tomentose on one or both surfaces.
12. H. emoryi.
1. Hyptis nelsonii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 366. 1900.
Type collected between San Sebastiin and summit of Monte Bufa de
Mascota, Jalisco, altitude 1,850 meters.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, 15 to 20 cm. long, attenuate, serrulate or entire,
glabrous; panicles 40 to 50 cm. long, lax; calyx in fruit 1 cm. long.
2. Hyptis langlassei Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 422. 1910.
Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacén or Guerrero, altitude 1,800
meters.
Shrub, 2 meters high; leaves lanceolate, 10 to 17 cm. long, acuminate, sub-
cuneate at base, acutely dentate, glabrous; calyx in fruit 8 to 9 mm. long;
corolla red.
3. Hyptis stellulata Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 129. 1834.
Hyptis pubescens Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 129. 1834.
Hyptis spinulosa Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 129. 1834.
Hyptis punctata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 112: 186. 1844.
Sonora to Oaxaca and Morelos.
Plants shrubby or suffrutescent, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves narrowly
lanceolate to broadly ovate or ovate-oval, 2 to 8 ecm. long, obtuse to long-
attenuate, serrate, puberulent or tomentulose beneath ; flowers sessile or nearly
so in dense clusters, these spicate-paniculate; corolla white. ‘‘ Salvia cimar-
rona”’ (Sinaloa).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1275
4. Hyptis mociniana Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 129. 1834.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Central America.
Plants shrubby or suffrutescent, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves ovate, 2 to 4
em. long, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, serrate, tomentulose be-
neath; flowers sessile in dense clusters, these spicate-paniculate; corolla white.
“Verbena montés,” ‘‘ chichinguastén ” (El Salvador).
5. Hyptis rhytidea Benth. Pl. Hartw. 21. 1839.
Sinaloa and Durango to Jalisco and Aguascalientes; type from Aguascali-
entes.
Plants shrubby or suffrutescent, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves oblong or
lance-oblong, 4 to 18 cm. long, acute or obtuse, serrate, coriaceous, scabrous
above, tomentose or glabrate beneath; inflorescence spicate-paniculate. ‘* Sal-
via prieta” (Sinaloa).
Used in Sinaloa as a remedy for fevers.
6. Hyptis seemanni A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 407. 1886.
Hyptis seemanni stenophylla Robinson, Proce. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist. 31: 267.
1904.
Chihuahua, Sonora, and Sinaloa.
Shrub; leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 7 cm. long, at-
tenuate, crenate or serrate, tomentose beneath; flower heads small, sessile,
spicate-paniculate; calyx densely villous in the throat and outside. ‘“ Salvia”
(Sinaloa).
7. Hyptis tephrodes A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 164. 1861.
Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, 3 to 7 em.
long, acute, crenate or serrate; flower clusters spicate-paniculate, the panicles
nearly naked; calyx densely white-lanate.
Doubtfully distinct from H. albida.
8. Hyptis albida H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 319. 1817.
Sonora and Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato, and Guerrero; type
from Lake Cuitzeo, Guanajuato.
Shrub, 1.5 to 4.5 meters high, stellate-tomentose throughout; leaves 2 to 6
em. long, crenate-serrate, prominently reticulate-veined; flower clusters spi-
cate-paniculate, the panicles leafy or naked; calyx densely white-lanate; co-
rolla blue. “Salvia” (Sinaloa, Jalisco, Aguascalientes) ; “orégano” (Sina-
loa) ; “salvia real” (Guerrero).
The leaves are sometimes used for flavoring food. In Sinaloa they are
employed as a remedy for ear-ache, and in Guerrero a decoction of the plant
is used in fomentations to relieve rheumatic pains.
9. Hyptis tomentosa Poit. Ann. Mus. Paris 7: 469. 1806.
Puebla and Guerrero to Chiapas.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high, stellate-tomentose; leaves oblong to ovate or
oval, 1 to 7 cm. long, obtuse, crenate; flower clusters chiefly axillary, the
flowers long-pedicellate; calyx stellate-tomentose; corolla about 12 mm. long,
violet.
10. Hyptis laniflora Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 42. pl. 20. 1844.
Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves 1 to 4.5 cm. long, coarsely dentate,
coriaceous; flower clusters on long, slender, usually glabrous, purplish pe-
duncles; calyx densely white-lanate. ‘‘ Salvia.”
A decoction of the plant is administered as a remedy for fevers.
2
1276 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
11. Hyptis insularis (Standl. & Goldm.) Standl.
Mesosphaerum insulare Standl. & Goldm. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 375.
1911.
Type from Espiritu Santo Island, Baja California.
Shrub with spreading branches; leaves 1 to 2 cm. long, rounded or truncate
at base, sinuate-dentate; peduncles slender, glabrous; calyx 6 mm. long,
densely lanate.
Probably only a form of H. laniflora.
12. Hyptis emoryi Torr. in Ives, Rep. Colo. Riv. 20. 1861.
Sonora, Tepic, and Baja California. Southern Arizona and California.
Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves oblong-ovate to broadly ovate, 1
to 5 em. long, crenate or coarsely dentate; flower clusters axillary or in
nearly naked panicled racemes; calyx densely lanate; corolla violet, about 4
mm. long. “Salvia” (Sonora, Baja California).
Hyptis palmeri S. Wats.?, described from Guaymas, Sonora, is probably not
distinct.
11. MONARDELLA Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 331. 1834.
At least two herbaceous species occur in Baja California.
1. Monardella thymifolia Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 211. 1885.
Cedros Island, Baja California.
Low shrub, puberulent throughout; leaves ovate to broadly ovate, 5 to 10
mm. long, obtuse, entire or remotely serrulate, short-petiolate; flowers in
dense terminal heads, the bracts large and conspicuous; calyx tubular, 7 mm.
long, equally 5-dentate; stamens 4.
12. SPHACELE Benth. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. pl. 1289. 1829.
Plants woody or suffrutescent; leaves crenate; flowers solitary or in few-
flowered clusters, axillary or in terminal racemes; calyx campanulate, about
10-nerved, reticulate-veined, 5-dentate, the teeth subequal; corolla tube am-
pliate above, the limb scarcely bilabiate, 4-lobate; stamens 4.
Flowers solitary in the leaf axils; leaves 1 to 2 cm. long______ 1. S. mexicana.
Flowers in terminal racemiform panicles; leaves 10 to 25 cm. long.
2. S. hastata.
1. Sphacele mexicana Schauer, Linnaea 20: 707. 1847.
San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, and Puebla; type from Zimapfn, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 30 em. high or less, densely stellate-tomentose throughout; leaves
petiolate, triangular-hastate, obtuse, crenate, rugose, the margins revolute;
flowers short-pedicellate, hidden among the leaves; calyx 6 mm. long.
2. Sphacele hastata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 341. 1862.
Baja California. Hawaii.
Plants tall and coarse, perhaps wholly herbaceous, thinly or densely stellate
tomentose; leaves narrowly triangular-hastate, acute or acuminate, petiolate;
calyx 6 to 7 mm. long; corolla 2.5 cm. long or less.
13. GARDOQUIA Ruiz & Pav. Prodr. Fl. Peruv. Chil. 86. 1794.
Small shrubs; leaves entire or serrate; flowers solitary or clustered in the
leaf axils; calyx tubular, 13-nerved, the 5 teeth subequal; corolla tube usually
exserted, the limb bilabiate; stamens 4.
*Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 68. 1889.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. pA ey
eaves’ linear-oblong, entiresss.ss25 22k ha) at bee 1. G. micromerioides.
Leaves ovate or broadly ovate, serrate.
MeAV CSN iat Olle ATID ONG ee ee ae Se ee 2. G. helleri.
Heaves-mostly.hoto +O) mMist dom eee a et 8 eee eed 3. G. mexicana.
1. Gardoquia micromerioides Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 550. 1882.
San Luis Potosi.
Plant suffrutescent, 40 cm. high or less, glabrate; leaves subsessile, 6 to
18 mm. long; flowers solitary, 12 to 18 mm. long; calyx 6 to 8 mm. long.
2. Gardoquia helleri Peyr. Linnaea 30: 34. 1859.
Type from Tepetitlin, Orizaba, Veracruz, altitude 2,400 to 2,700 meters.
Small much-branched shrub; leaves short-petiolate, acutish, 2 to 4dentate,
glabrous; flowers solitary; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, corolla 18 to 25 mm. long.
Probably only a form of G. mexicana.
3. Gardoquia mexicana Benth. Pl. Hartw. 50. 1840.
Hidalgo to Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Veracruz; type from Regla, Hidalgo.
Low shrub, the branchlets minutely puberulent; leaves petiolate, obtuse or
acute, serrulate, glabrous; calyx 6 mm. long; corolla 22 to 34 mm. long.
148. SOLANACEAE. Potato Family.
Shrubs or trees or often herbs, erect or scandent, often armed with prickles,
the pubescence frequently of branched hairs; leaves mostly alternate, simple
or compound; flowers perfect, usually in cymes, regular or nearly so; calyx in-
ferior, usually 5-parted, gamosepalous; corolla gamopetalous, varying from
tubular to rotate, the limb usually 5-lobate; stamens as many as the corolla
lobes and alternate with them, attached to the corolla tube; style simple, the
stigma discoid or bilamellate; fruit baccate or capsular, many-seeded.
Several genera besides those listed are represented in Mexico by herbaceous
species.
Ovaryelcce led mates ee Sal aera Se 13. LITHOPHYTUM.
Ovary with 2 or more cells.
POE CANSULATH eee See ek gee EY ay i ere ee 1. NICOTIANA.
Fruit baccate.
Embryo straight or nearly so. Leaves entire.
Fruit many-seeded; corolla lobes imbricate_____---~-_ 2. JUANULLOA.
Fruit few-seeded; corolla lobes induplicate-valvate______3. CESTRUM.
Embryo curved.
Ovary 4-celled.
Corolla lobes: ambricates! alse Sres = yer seis 4. SWARTZIA.
Corolla lobes induplicate-valvate_____________--_______-- 5. DATURA.
Ovary 2-celled.
Corollatlobestimbricate ss ss. ee FS) eS ee he ee 6. LYCIUM.
Corolla lobes valvate or induplicate-valvate.
CWorollas fonnel tonnes oe ee 7. ACNISTUS.
Corolla salverform or campanulate.
Anthers opening by terminal pores__-_______-____ 8. SOLANUM.
Anthers opening by longitudinal slits.
Calyx accrescent after anthesis.
Calyx longer than the fruit and contracted above it.
9. ATHENAEA.
Calyx equaling or shorter than the fruit, not contracted.
10. WITHANTIA,
1278 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Calyx only slightly if at all accrescent.
Corolla broadly campanulate, 5-angulate or shallowly lobate.
11. BRACHISTUS.
Corolla subrotate, cleft to the middle or more deeply.
12. BASSOVIA.
1. NICOTIANA L. Sp. Pl. 180. 1753.
Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Best known among them, of
course, is the tobacco (“tabaco”) plant, Nicotiana tabacum L.
1. Nicotiana glauca Graham, Edinburgh Phil. Journ. 1828: 174. 1828.
Sonora to Tamaulipas and Oaxaca. Western Texas to southern California ;
native of Argentina and Uruguay, but thoroughly naturalized in some parts of
North America.
Glabrous shrub or small tree, 6 meters high or less; leaves long-petiolate,
lance-oblong to broadly ovate, 5 to 17 cm. long, acute or obtuse, entire, glau-
cous; flowers greenish white, in lax terminal panicles; calyx tubular-campanu-
late, 12 mm. long, 5-dentate; corolla tubular, about 4 cm. long, villosulous, with
narrow limb; fruit a 2-celled capsule, 1to1.5em.long. “ Virginio” (Chihuahua,
Durango); “gigante” (Aguascalientes, Sinaloa, San Luis Potosi, Texas) ;
“tabaquillo” (Oaxaca, Mexico); “tronadora” (Chihuahua, Guanajuato,
Texas); “‘mostaza montés” (Oaxaca); “Don Juan” (Sonora); “lengua de
buey” (Sinaloa); “marihuana” (Sinaloa, Sonora); “arbol de tabaco” (Du-
rango) ; “tabaco cimarrén” (Mexico) ; “ buena moza” (Querétaro) ; “ tepozin
extranjero” (Querétaro) ; “tabaco amarillo” (Jalisco); “ gretafia” (Oaxaca,
Reko); “tabac6n,” “tacote,” “palo virgin” (Durango, Patoni); “ coneton”
(Texas); “palo virgen,” “ Marquiana,” “hierba del gigante.”
This plant is abundant in some parts of Mexico. It is reputed to be very
poisonous. The leaves are often applied as poultices to relieve pain, especially
headache.
2. JUANULLOA Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruv. Chil. Prodr. 27. 1794.
1. Juanulloa mexicana (Schlecht.) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 4: 188. 1849.
Laureria mexicana Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 513. 1833.
Juanulloa aurantiaca Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 12: 265. 1844.
Juanulloa hookeriana Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 4: 189. 1849.
Juanulloa elliptica Ruiz & Pay.; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 530. 1852.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Vera-
cruz.
Shrub, usually epiphytic; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic to ovate, 6 to 22 cm.
long, rounded to acute at apex, acute to rounded at base, glabrous above, stel-
jate-puberulent or tomentose beneath, entire; flowers in few-flowered long-
pedunclate cymes; calyx 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, cleft into 5 oblong-lanceolate lobes,
stellate-tomentulose; corolla tubular, 4 to 4.5 em. long, orange or reddish; fruit
baccate.
3. CESTRUM L. Sp. Pl. 191. 1753.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves petiolate, entire; flowers whitish, yellowish,
red, or purple, in cymes; calyx 5-lobate or 5-dentate; corolla salverform or
funnelform, with long tube, the limb with 5 usually spreading lobes; stamens
included, the filaments filiform, often appendaged; fruit a 2-celled berry.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1279
Corolla red, purple, or yellow, somewhat ampliate above, contracted at the
mouth.
Calyx lobes very short, obtuse. Corolla yellow, glabrous____1. C. flavescens.
Calyx lobes usually elongate, acute to attenuate.
Corolla glabrous.
eavesiglabrousbeneathe: S= eaes -t Aeeeth eh 2. C. endlicheri.
Leaves tomentose or villous beneath.
@aliyax glabrous se ae Sk eee es ee 8 3. C. purpureum.
(Cini ses Un ee a ee a Ea eg ew 4, C. roseum.
Corolla puberulent or,villous outside.
Corolla lobes broadly ovate or deltoid, short, erect___5. C. fasciculatum.
Corolla lobes lance-oblong, elongate, spreading__________ 6. C. benthami.
Corolla usually white or greenish, the tube gradually broadened from base
to apex, not contracted at the mouth.
Filaments appendaged at the point of insertion.
Leaves tomentose, pubescent, or puberulent beneath.
Pubescence of stellate hairs.
Corolla more than twice as long as the calyx__________ 7. C. lanatum.
Corolla less than twice as long as the calyx________ 8. C. pacificum.
Pubescence of simple hairs.
Corollaytube/Sito)10smm: long2= 2 ee eee 9. C. dumetorum.
CorollastabestS>mm: Jonge) 2 ee a eee 10. C. hirtellum.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Leaves coriaceous, mostly 5 to 8 em. wide_______-___ 11. C. laurifolium,
Leaves thin or only slightly coriaceous, mostly less than 5 cm. wide.
Calyx 4 to 6 mm. long.
Corolla 20 to 26 mm. long___-_--____________ 12. C. oblongifolium.
Corollavd5omm) longs a Ses ee eee 13. C. pedunculare.
Calyxe2storor mm lone a2 = See eee 14. C. nocturnum.
Filaments not appendaged.
Tube of the corolla twice as long as the calyx or shorter.
Calyxel0.top15)mms longe2 srs oe fests 8 See on 15. C. fulvescens.
Calyx 8 mm. long or less.
Calyx villous or tomentose____.______________-- 16. C. confertiflorum.
Calyx glabrous.
Calyx<4 mm lone ss 238 2 2 ok ee 17. C. anagyris.
Calyx; toiSomm: long 2) 2 Sere ee et SE es 18. C. thyrsoideum.
Tube of the corolla usually more than 3 times as long as the calyx.
Corolla 8 to 12 mm. long; stigma short-exserted________ 19, C. diurnum,
Calyx 14 to 25 mm. long or larger; stigma usually included.
Calyx 26to; 2:5) mm: long. => 22 2 eee 20. C. viride.
Calyx 4 to 6 mm. long.
Leaves thick, the lateral nerves nearly obsolete; corolla brownish
OP TULESCENE When) Oly == an aaa eee eee aen 21. C. laxum.
Leaves thin, the lateral nerves conspicuous beneath ; corolla greenish
TW TDG Te Ty yee ee ee ee ere ee 22. C. nitidum.
1, Cestrum flavescens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 572. 1899.
Type from Cuernavaca, Morelos, altitude 1,500 meters.
Shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves slender-petiolate, oblong-ovate to rounded-
ovate, 3 to 5 em. long, acuminate to very obtuse at apex; flowers pedicellate;
calyx 5 mm. long, glabrous; corolla 2 to 2.5 cm. long, orange.
1280 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
2. Cestrum endlicheri Miers, Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 151. 1846.
Meyenia corymbosa Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 252. 1833. Not Cestrum corym-
bosum Schlecht. 1882.
Veracruz; type from Chiconquiaco.
Glabrous shrub; leaves lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, 13 cm. long or less,
long-acuminate, rounded at base; flowers in lax elongate corymbs; calyx 5
to 6 mm. long; corolla red, 2 to 2.5 cm. long.
3. Cestrum purpureum (Lindl.) Standl.
Habrothamnus purpureus Lindl. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 30: pl. 43. 1844.
Habrothamnus paniculatus Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122: 148. 1845.
Not Cestrum paniculatum H. B. K. 1819.
Cestrum elegans Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 261. 1847.
Cestrum sylvaticum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 603. 1852.
Cestrum elegans truncatum Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 571. 1900.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; described from cultivated plants.
Shrub, 1 to 3.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to lance-oblong,
6.5 to 12 em. long, acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, subcoriaceous ; flowers
in dense terminal cymes; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, purplish; corolla purple, 1.5
to 2.5 em. long; fruit red-purple, 10 to 12 mm. long. “Flor del soldado”
(Veracruz, Ramirez) ; “flor de colmena” (Veracruz, Seler).
Cestrum elegans truncatum is a form with subtruncate corolla limb.
4. Cestrum roseum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 59. pl. 197. 1819.
Cestrum chiapense T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 192. 1915.
Hidalgo to Chiapas; type from Moran, Hidalgo; reported from Oaxaca.
Shrub; leaves oblong to elliptic-oval, 6.5 cm. long or less, acute to rounded at
apex, thin, petiolate; flowers sessile or nearly so, crowded, terminal and axil-
lary; corolla pink or purplish, 2 to 2.5 cm. long. “ Hediondilla” (Hidalgo,
Oaxaca, Ramirez).
It is possible that C. chiapense is a distinct species, but the specimens agree
well with the descriptions of C. roseum.
5. Cestrum fasciculatum (Schlecht.) Miers, Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 151. 1846.
Meyenia fasciculata Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 251. 1833.
Cestrum hartwegi Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 599. 1852.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Chiconquiaco, Veracruz. Guate-
mala.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves lance-oblong to broadly ovate, 13 cm. long
or less, acute, rounded or obtuse at base, short-petiolate; flowers in dense,
chiefly terminal cymes; calyx about 6 mm. long, villosulous or glabrate; co-
rolla about 2 em. long, red-purple; fruit globose, 12 mm. long. “ Hierba del
perro” (Oaxaca, Ramirez).
6. Cestrum benthami Miers, Lond. Journ. Bot. 5: 151. 1846.
Habrothamnus tomentosus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 49. 1840. Not Cestrum tomen-
tosum L. f. 1781.
Hidalgo, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Mexico; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves oblong-lanceolate to broadly ovate, 12 cm.
long or less, acute or acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, villous-tomentose
beneath; flowers sessile, fasciculate chiefly terminal; calyx 8 to 10 mm. long,
villous ; corolla purple, 2.5 to 3 em. long; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1281
7%. Cestrum lanatum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 127: 18. 1845.
Durango and Tepic to Chiapas and Veracruz; type from Mirador, Veracruz.
Central America.
Shrub, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves mostly lanceolate or lance-oblong, 6 to 15 cm.
long, acute to long-acuminate, densely stellate-tomentose beneath, at least when
young; cymes dense, axillary and terminal; calyx densely tomentose; corolla
greenish white, 138 to 17 mm. long; fruit about 1 cm. long. “Ahuacatillo”
(Guanajuato); ‘‘candelilla” (Durango); ‘“ zorrillo” (Costa Rica); ‘“ cha-
cuaco” (Veracruz) ; ‘palo hediondo,” “ huele de noche” (EI Salvador).
The plant has a strong and disagreeable odor. A decoction of the wood is
said to have cathartic properties, and is employed as a remedy for fevers.
The black fruit is reported to yield a dye. The leaves are sometimes placed in
hens’ nests to keep away vermin.
8. Cestrum pacificum T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 6. 1899.
Socorro Island.
Shrub, stellate-tomentose throughout; leaves oblong-ovate to broadly ovate,
6 to 11 em. long, acute or obtuse, sometimes glabrate above in age; flowers
mostly sessile, in terminal and axillary cymes; corolla 12 mm. long.
9. Cestrum dumetorum Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 61. 1832.
?Cestrum semivestitum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 651. 1852.
Nuevo Leén to Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Morelos; type from Veracruz.
Shrub, 2 to 6 meters high; leaves lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 16 cm. long
or less, usually long-acuminate, glabrous above, sparsely villosulous or glabrate
beneath; cymes small, mostly axillary; corolla about 1.5 cm. long, greenish
yellow; fruit 1 cm. long or smaller, black. ‘“ Potonxihuite” (Oaxaca) ;
“calan,” “huele de dia” (Nuevo Leén); “palo hediondo” (Tamaulipas,
El Salvador) ; “ chacuaco,” “ hediondilla,” “ tepozin” (Veracruz) ; ‘‘ huele de
moche” (Veracruz, El] Salvador) ; “ tiscuite,”’ “ hediondo” (Hl Salvador).
A decoction of the plant is employed in Tamaulipas as a remedy for cutane-
ous diseases. In El Salvador the plant is reputed to be poisonous to cattle.
10. Cestrum hirtellum Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 62. 1832.
Type from Hacienda de la Laguna, near Jalapa, Veracruz.
Leaves broadly or narrowly lanceolate, obtuse or acute, glabrate in age;
calyx about 3 mm. long; corolla greenish white.
11. Cestrum laurifolium L’Hér. Stirp. Nov. 4: 69. 1785.
Cestrum alaternoides Desf. Tabl. Ecol. Bot. Mus. 70. 1804.
Michoacin and Guerrero to Veracruz. West Indies; Central America.
Shrub or small tree, 6 meters high or less, glabrous throughout or nearly
so; leaves mostly elliptic-oblong and 11 to 16 ecm. long, lustrous, acute or
short-acuminate; cymes lateral or axillary; calyx 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long; co-
rolla 12 to 16 mm. long, greenish white; fruit 7 to 9 mm. long. “Galan de
dia” (Cuba), ‘ tiscuite,”’ “palo hediondo,” ‘“ huele de noche” (El Salvador).
12. Cestrum oblongifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 266. 1847.
2Cestrum lancifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 267. 1847.
Type from Los Reyes; the type of C. lancifoliwm collected between Los
Bafios and Puente de Dios, Veracruz.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves lance-oblong, 11 cm. long or less, acumi-
nate, glabrous; calyx 4 mm. long, pubescent.
1282 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
13. Cestrum pedunculare Pavén; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 618. 1852.
Type from somewhere in Mexico.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 5 em. long or less, acuminate, glabrous; flowers in
axillary pedunculate racemes; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, glabrous.
14, Cestrum nocturnum L. Sp. Pl. 191. 1753.
Cestrum nocturnum mexicanum O. HB. Schluz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 6:
256. 1909.
Coahuila to Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Veracruz. West Indies and Central
America.
Shrub, 4.5 meters high or less, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves
mostly oblong-lanceolate, 5 to 12 cm. long, acuminate; flowers mostly in axil-
lary cymes; corolla 18 to 25 mm. long, greenish white ; fruit 8 to 10 mm. long.
“ Huele de noche” (Puebla, Coahuila, Veracruz, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Guatemala) ;
* hierba hedionda ” (Ramirez) ; “ pipiloxihuitl” (Ramirez) ; “ galin de tarde”
(Oaxaca, Reko); “galan de noche” (Guatemala, Cuba); ‘“ dama de noche”
(Porto Rico, Philippines) ; “reina de la noche” (Guatemala); “palo hedi-
endo” (HI Salvador).
The flowers are very fragrant, especially at night. The juice and the fruit
are reported to be poisonous, but an extract of the plant has been employed
as an antispasmodic, especially for the treatment of epilepsy.
The Mexican and Central American material (C. nocturnum mezicanum
O. E. Schulz) differs from the West Indian in having slightly smaller flowers.
C. graciliforum Dunal’* is probably a synonym.
15. Cestrum fulvescens Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 572. 1899.
Cestrum arborescens T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 256. 1908.
Michoacén to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from mountains of Telixtlahuaca,
Oaxaca, altitude 2,000 meters.
Shrub, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves narrowly lanceolate to
elliptic-oblong, 11 em. long or less, acute or acuminate; cymes mostly axillary
and racemiform, lax, the flowers mostly pedicellate; calyx angulate, somewhat
inflated, contracted below into a slender stipe; corolla 2 to 2.5 cm. long; fruit
10 to 12 mm. long.
16. Cestrum confertiflorum Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 263. 1847.
Cestrum terminale Dunal in DC. Prodr. 137: 608. 1852.
Jalisco, Michoacin, and Mexico; type from Angangueo, Michoacan.
Shrub, about 2 meters high; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 9 to 15 cm. long,
acuminate, glabrous, pale beneath; cymes dense, chiefly in terminal panicles;
calyx 6 to 7 mm. long; corolla 14 to 16 mm. long. ‘ Hierba de la mula”
(Mexico, Villada).
17. Cestrum anagyris Dunal in DC. Prodr. 187: 608. 1852.
Mexico; type from Toluca.
Leaves ovate-elliptic, 5 em. long or less, acute, glabrous; flowers pedicellate ;
evrolla 10 to 11 mm. long.
18. Cestum thyrsoideum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 638. 1818.
Cestrum persicaefolium Dunal in DC. Prodr. 18*: 608. 1852.
Cestrum involucratum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 18’: 610. 1852.
Michoacin, Mexico, Puebla, and Tlaxcala; type from Chalco, Mexico.
TIn DC. Prodr. 187: 669. 1852.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1283
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves
petiolate, mostly oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 18 cm. long, acuminate or rarely
obtuse, pale beneath; flowers in terminal panicled cymes; corolla about 1.5
em. long.
19. Cestrum diurnum L. Sp. Pl. 191. 1753.
Sinaloa (probably cultivated) and Yucatan. West Indies.
Shrub, usually about a meter high; leaves oblong or oblong-elliptic, 6.5 to
12 cm. long, acute or obtuse, glabrous; flowers mostly in axillary pedunculate
racemes; calyx 3.5 mm. long, glabrous or somewhat tomentose; corolla
white; fruit about 6 mm. long. “Juan de noche” (Yucatén); “galin de
dia ’’ (Cuba).
20. Cestrum viride Moric.; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 138°: 606. 1852.
Described from plants cultivated in Mexico; specimens from Puebla and
Michoacin or Guerrero perhaps belong here.
Shrub, 3 to 4 meters high; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 17 cm. long or less,
long-acuminate, glabrous, short-petiolate, rounded or obtuse at base; flowers in
axillary or terminal, often panicled cymes; corolla about 1.5 cm. long.
21. Cestrum laxum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 33. 1840.
Cestrum psychotriaefolium Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 265. 1847.
Cestrum bourgeauianum Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 572. 1900.
San Luis Potosi and Guanajuato to Mexico and Oaxaca; type from Leén,
Guanajuato. ;
Shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high, glabrous throughout or nearly so; leaves lanceo-
late to oblong or oblong-elliptic, 10 cm. long or less, acute or acuminate; cymes
axillary and terminal, the flowers mostly pedicellate; corolla 16 to 22 mm.
long. ‘ Paloma” (Veracruz).
22. Cestrum nitidum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 127: 19. 1845.
Michoacan to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from mountains of Oaxaca.
Shrub or small tree, 1.5 to 6 meters high, glabrous throughout or nearly
so; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, 7 to 11 em. long, acuminate;
cymes chiefly in terminal panicles, the flowers mostly pedicellate; corolla 22
to 30 mm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CESTRUM AMYGDALIFOLIUM Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 653. 1852. Assigned
doubtfully to Mexico.
CESTRUM EHRENBERGII Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 613. 1852. Type from
Chapultepec.
CESTRUM MULTINERVIUM Dunal in DC. Prodr, 187: 611. 1852. Type collected
between Tula and Tampico.
CESTRUM PROPINQUUM Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux 127: 147. 1845. Type
from Jalapa, Veracruz.
4. SWARTZIA Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 360. 1791.
Shrubs, often scandent; leaves entire; flowers large, white or yellow; calyx
tubular, 2 to 5-lobate; corolla funnelform, the lobes broad, imbricate, spread-
ing in anthesis; stamens 5, the filaments filiform; fruit baceate, 2-celled.
Calyx and lower surface of leaves tomentose or pubescent______ 1. S. guttata.
Calyx jand leaves: glabrousiwei) oo aifiiechela 2? eilolas 8! aoe 2. S. nitida.
1284 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
1. Swartzia guttata (Don) Standl.
Solandra guttata Don in Edwards, Bot. Reg. pl. 1551. 1832.
Durango and Zacatecas, and perhaps elsewhere.
Plants subscandent, 7 meters long or more, the stems 5 to 7 cm. in diameter;
leaves petiolate, lance-elliptic to broadly elliptic, 7 to 15 em. long, abruptly
short-acuminate, glabrate above, loosely tomentose beneath or finally glabrate;
calyx 6 to 7 em. long; corolla about 20 cm. long, cream-colored, changing in
age to snuff-colored and orange, with bands of purple inside. “ Floripondio
del monte” (Durango).
The flowers are fragrant.
2. Swartzia nitida (Zucc.) Stand.
Solandra nitida Zuce. in Roem. Coll. Bot. 128. 1809.
Datura mazima Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 25. 1887.
Solandra selerae Dammer; Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 617. 1895.
Solandra hartwegii N. E. Brown, Kew Bull. Mise. Inf. 1911: 345. 1911.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca.
Scandent or erect shrub, glabrous; leaves long-petiolate, oblong to broadly
elliptic, 7 to 18 cm. long, obtuse or abruptly short-acuminate, lustrous; calyx
5 to 7 em. long, the lobes acuminate; corolia 18 to 25 cm. long, yellow, the
limb 20 em. broad or less. ‘‘ Tecomaxochitl” (Nahuatl); “copa de oro”;
“bolsa de Judas”; “gorro de Napoleén”; “tetona” (Veracruz).
A showy plant, often cultivated for ornament. The water contained in the
calyx before the flowers open is said to be applied to the eyes to relieve in-
flammation.
This species has been reported from Mexico as Solandra grandiflora Swartz,
a West Indian plant. Solandra macrantha Dunal, described from Cuba, is
probably a synonym of S. nitida.
5. DATURA L. Sp. Pl. 179. 17583.
REFERENCE: Safford, Synopsis of the genus Datura, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci. 11: 173-189. 1921.
Shrubs or small trees, often herbs; leaves petiolate, entire, dentate, or lobate;
flowers large, solitary; calyx elongate-tubular, persistent or deciduous; corolla
funnelform, the limb 5-lobate; fruit capsular or baccate.
Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
Calyx spathaceous, the limb split along one side but otherwise entire.
1. D. candida.
Calyx limb 5-lobate. :
Calyx longer than the narrow tubular portion of the corolla__2. D. arborea.
Calyx shorter than the narrow tubular portion of the corolla.
3. D. suaveolens.
1. Datura candida (Pers.) Pasquale, Cat. Ort. Bot. Nap. 36. 1867.
Brugmansia candida Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 216. 1805.
Sinaloa to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Central America.
Shrub, 2.5 to 4.5 meters high; leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate to oblong-
ovate, 40 cm. long or less, acuminate, entire or repand, villosulous or glabrate;
flowers sweet-scented; corolla white, about 25 cm. long, the lobes caudate-
acuminate. ‘“ Floripondio” (Querétaro, Jalisco, San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca, El
Salvador, Nicaragua) ; “ floripundio,” “ tré6mbita’”’ (Michoacan, Leén) ; “ cam-
panilla blanca” (Colima); ‘“almizclillo” (Ramirez) “campana” (Guate-
mala); “reina de la noche” (Costa Rica); “ florifundia,” “ floricundia” (El
Salvador).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1285
This plant is common in cultivation in the warmer parts of Mexico, being
extremely showy when in flower. It has usually been known as D. arborea.
Some of the cultivated forms have double flowers. It is, probably, this species
of which Acosta wrote in 1606, as follows: “It is true that many of these
flowers [of New Spain] are only good to look at, for their odor is not good,
or is ordinary, or else they have none at all, but there are some of excellent
odor. Such are those that grow on a tree called floripondio, which has no fruit,
but bears only flowers, which are larger than fleur de lys, shaped like hand-
bells, all white, and having within filaments such as one sees in a lily. It
bears flowers all the year long, whose odor is wondrously sweet and pleasant,
especially in the fresh morning air. The Viceroy Don Francisco de Tollede
sent some of these trees to King Philip, as a thing worthy of being planted
in the royal gardens.”
2. Datura arborea L. Sp. Pl. 179. 1753.
The only Mexican specimens seen are from Sinaloa, where the plant is prob-
ably cultivated. Native of South America, the type from Peru.
Shrub or small tree; leaves broadly ovate or elliptic, acuminate, entire or re-
pand, villosulous; corolla white, 15 to 18 em. long, the lobes long-cuspidate ;
fruit subglobose, about 6 cm. long, “ Floripondio ” (Colombia, Peru, Ecuador) ;
’“borrachero,” ‘ guante’” (Colombia) ; ‘ floripundio” (Sinaloa).
In Peru the leaves are applied as poultices to sores to relieve pain and ac-
celerate suppuration.
Datura sanguinea Ruiz & Pav., a South American species with red flowers, is
cultivated about the City of Mexico.
8. Datura suaveolens Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Enum. Pl. 227. 1809.
Yucatan, probably in cultivation. Central and South America.
Shrub or small tree; leaves broadly ovate to oblong-ovate, acuminate, mostly
entire, finely villosulous or glabrate; corolla white, 25 to 30 cm. long, the
lobes cuspidate. ‘“ Campanilla,” “flor de campana,’ ‘floripundio blanco,”
“aérbol de la bibijagua ” (Cuba).
6. LYCIUM L. Sp. Pl. 191. 1753.
Shrubs, sometimes scandent, usually spiny; leaves entire, small; flowers
solitary or fasciculate in the axils or in terminal cymes, white or purplish;
calyx campanulate or tubular-campanulate, 3 to 5-lobate; corolla funnelform
or salvyerform, with short or elongate tube, the limb 4 or 5-lobate; stamens
included or exserted; fruit a globose or ovoid, 2-celled berry.
The fruit of the Mexican species is edible but insipid. The Indians formerly
made considerable use of it, sometimes drying and preserving it until winter.
The leaves of L. barbarum L., of the Mediterranean region, have been em-
ployed as a substitute for Chinese tea. The young shoots of L. europaeum
L. are said to be eaten as a vegetable in Spain and Italy.
Corolla tube 12 mm. long or more, tubular, only slightly ampliate above.
Lobes of the calyx equaling or longer than the tube.
Stamens exserted; lobes of the calyx nearly or fully twice as long as the
UL a BENE eS IE es IE De DE 1. L. macrodon.
Stamens included; lobes of the calyx about equaling the tube.
heaves, clabrous= 2. = 24. se = el ge eB 2. L. schaffneri.
meavesclandular-puberulent 222-2 ee ets ee 3. L. puberulum.
1286 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Lobes of the calyx shorter than the tube.
Stamenstexserted she 2a anes ie ea ee ee 4, L. exsertum,
Stamens included.
Leaves obovate to broadly elliptic, 5 to 20 mm. wide__5. L. umbellatum,
Leaves spatulate-oblanceolate, usually less than 5 mm. wide.
6. L. gracilipes.
Corolla tube 8 mm. long or less, often ampliate above.
Pedicels strongly compressed, sharply angulate above; calyx lobes very un-
equalit stabrous® 32 ars: si aerniis aii nies oie ie 7. L. carinatum.
Pedicels not compressed or sharply angulate; calyx lobes not very unequal
or, if so, puberulent.
Calyx lobes narrow, lanceolate or subulate, equaling or longer than the
tube.
Leaves glabrous; calyx lobes 1 to 1.5 mm. long____8. L. geniculatum.
Leaves usually puberulent; calyx lobes mostly 2 to 4 mm. long.
9. L. richii.
Calyx lobes broad, usually deltoid, shorter than the tube.
Lobes of the corolla longer than the tube__________ 10. L. carolinianum.
Lobes of the corolla shorter than the tube or rarely equaling it.
ILeaveswsparsely.short-pilose=22 2250 - ae ea 11. L. retusum.
Leaves glabrous or minutely puberulent.
Corolla 7 to 10 mm. long.
Leaves glabrous.
LeavyesS mm: wide or less. 2225220222228 12. L. berlandieri.
Leaves mostly 4 to 7 mm. wide_--_-----__--___-_ 13. L. torreyi.
Leaves-puberulent. 2 2) oe es 3 fee BE 14, L. cedrosense.
Corolla 4 to 6 mm. long.
Tube of the corolla not exceeding the calyx lobes.
15. L. californicum.
Tube of the corolla not exceeding the calyx lobes.
Corolla lobes spreading or ascending______16. L. barbinodum.
Corolla lobes recurved =.2--2 2 se eee 17. L. peninsulare,
1. Lycium macrodon A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 46. 1862.
Sonora. Type from southern Nevada or California.
Spiny shrub; leaves oblong-oblanceolate or elliptic, 1 to 4 em. long, obtuse
or acute, glabrous; calyx 1 em. long or less; corolla pale lilac, about 1.5 cm.
long; fruit orange.
2. Lycium schaffneri A. Gray; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 426. 1882.
Zacatecas and San Luis Potosi; type from San Luis Potosi.
Leaves lance-oblong or oblanceolate-oblong, 1.5 to 3.5 em. long, obtuse or
acute, sessile or nearly so; calyx 4 mm. long, glabrous; corolla 1.5 em. long;
fruit about 8 mm. long.
3. Lycium puberulum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 46. 1862.
Western Texas, along the Rio Grande, and doubtless occurring in Mexico.
Spiny shrub, about a meter high; leaves obovate or oblanceolate-oblong,
8 to 15 mm. long, obtuse; calyx lobes spreading or recurved; corolla nearly
1.5 em. long, white, the the lobes deltoid.
4. Lycium exsertum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 805. 1885.
Sonora; type from Altar.
Spiny shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves spatulate-obovate or elliptic, 1 to
3.5 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, viscid-puberulent; flowers slender-
pedicellate ; calyx about 6 mm. long, viscid-puberulent; corolla lobes very short,
rounded; fruit orange or red.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1287
5. Lycium umbellatum Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 74. 1890.
Baja California; type from La Paz.
Shrub, 2 to 3.5 meters high, unarmed or with spinose branchlets; leaves
1.5 to 3 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, short-petiolate, viscid-puberulent ;
flowers long-pedicellate; calyx 6 to 8 mm. long, tubular; corolla purple, 1.5
em. long.
6. Lycium gracilipes A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 12: 81. 1877.
Northern Sonora. Arizona; type from Williams Fork.
Leaves 1 to 2 cm. long, obtuse, attenuate to base, viscid-puberulent; flowers
long-pedicellate; calyx tubular-campanulate, 6 mm. long; corolla about twice
as long as the calyx, purple or whitish, the lobes rounded.
7. Lycium carinatum §. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 65. 1889.
Sonora; type from Guaymas.
Thorny, glabrous shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves linear-spatulate or nar-
rowly spatulate, 5 to 20 mm. long, obtuse; flowers slender-pedicellate; corolla
white, 4 to 6 mm. long. ‘Sal sieso” (Palmer).
8. Lycium geniculatum Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 566. 1900.
Oaxaca and Puebla; type from Tehuacin, Puebla.
Spiny shrub; leaves oblong or obovate, 2.5 em. long or less, obtuse or acute,
very glaucous, slender-petiolate; flowers in small terminal cymes, long-pedi-
cellate; corolla 12 mm. long, the lobes cordate.
9. Lycium richii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 46. 1862.
Lycium palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 292. 1870.
Lycium pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 305. 1885.
Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from La Paz, Baja California.
Southern California.
' Spiny shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, finely puberulent throughout; leaves
obovate or oblanceolate, usually about 1 em. long, obtuse or acute, sessile or
nearly so; flowers short-pedicellate; calyx about 3 mm. long; corolla lilac, 8
to 10 mm. long; fruit red. ‘“ Frutilla’’ (Baja California).
10. Lycium carolinianum Walt. Fl. Carol. 84. 1788.
?Lycium guadrifidum Sessé & Moc.; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 181: 5138. 1852.
In saline marshes or alkaline soil, Baja California, Michoacin, and Tamauli-
pas. Southern United States.
Glabrous spiny shrub, the long branches trailing or subscandent; leaves
oblanceolate-oblong to linear-spatulate, 3 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute;
fiowers slender-pedicellate; calyx irregularly lobate; corolla purple, the limb
subrotate, about 12 mm. broad.
11. Lycium retusum Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 80: 120. 1894.
Type from Oputo, Sonora.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves broadly obovate, 2 cm. long or less, petio-
late, rounded or retuse at apex, cuneate at base; flowers slender-pedicellate ;
calyx tubular, 5 mm. long, glandular-pubescent; corolla 8 mm. long.
12. Lycium berlandieri Dunal in DC. Prodr. 181: 520. 1852.
?Lycium brevipes Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 40. 1844.
Lycium senticosum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 14: 188. 1854.
Lycium stolidum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 14: 191. 1854.
Baja California to Nuevo Leén and Hidalgo. Western Texas; type from
San Antonio.
Spiny shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves linear-spatulate, obtuse, about 1
em. long; flowers on long or short pedicels. ‘“‘ Cilindrillo’”’? (Coahuila).
1288 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
13. Lycium torreyi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 47. 1862.
Chihuahua. Western Texas to southern California; type collected in Texas
on the Rio Grande.
Spiny shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, glabrous; leaves 3.5 cm. long or less, ob-
tuse or acute, attenuate to base; flowers short-pedicellate; corolla about 1 cm.
long, purplish; fruit red. “Garambullo” (Chihuahua); “tomatillo” (New
Mexico).
14. Lycium cedrosense Greene, Pittonia 1: 268. 1889.
Lycium andersonii pubescens S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 65. 1889.
Baja California; type from Cedros Island.
Spiny shrub, finely puberulent throughout; leaves obovate to narrowly spatu-
late, 1 cm. long or less, obtuse; flowers short-pedicellate.
15. Lycium californicum Nutt.; A. Gray in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1: 542.
1876.
Baja California. Southern California; type from San Diego.
Low, stiff shrub; leaves linear or nearly so, 1 cm. long or less, very fleshy ;
flowers short-pedicellate; corolla white, the limb with 4 rounded lobes.
16. Lycium barbinodum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 14: 138. 1854.
Sonora and Sinaloa to Zacatecas and Coahuila.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, with spinose branchlets; leaves linear-spatulate,
mostly 1 cm. long or less, obtuse; corolla white. ‘‘ Agrita” (Zacatecas).
17. Lycium peninsulare T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 359. 1916.
Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Spiny glabrous shrub; leaves linear-spatulate to obovate, 2 cm. long or less,
rounded or obtuse at apex; flowers on short or elongate pedicels.
Probably not distinct from L. barbinode.
7. ACNISTUS Schott, Wien. Zeitschr. 4: 1180. 1829.
Unarmed shrubs; leaves entire; pedicels solitary or fasciculate; calyx
campanulate, truncate or 5-dentate, not accrescent; corolla tubular or funnel-
form, 5-lobate, the lobes induplicate-valvate; stamens 5; fruit a globose
2-celled berry.
Goroilat 127mm Ton ees Oe es Hien AIR: Seek Oe 1. A. macrophyllus.
CorollavS *mmMwMlong: 2. es ns es ee 2. A. pringlei.
1. Acnistus macrophyllus (Benth.) Standl.
Lycium macrophyllum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 49. 1840.
Aecnistus benthami Miers, Lond. Journ. Bot. 4: 342. 1845.
Michoacén; type from Morelia.
Leaves petiolate, oblong, about 10 cm. long, acute at base and apex, glabrous
above, puberulent beneath; calyx cupuliform, 3 to 4 mm. long.
2. Acnistus pringlei Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 56. 1904.
Type from Valley of Zamora, Michoacéin, altitude 1,500 meters.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves elliptic-lanceolate or lance-oblong 4 to
11 em. long, acute, thinly tomentulose or glabrate beneath; calyx 2 to 3 mm.
long, glabrous, the lobes obtuse; corolla glabrous; fruit about 7 mm. in
diameter.
Probably not distinct from A. macrophyllus.
.
q
;
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1289
8. SOLANUM L. Sp. Pl. 184. 1753.
REFERENCES: Dunal in DC. Prodr. 1381: 27-887. 1852; O. E. Schulz in
Urban, Symb. Antill. 6: 149-249. 1909; Fernald, A revision of the Mexican
and Central American Solanums of the subsection Torvaria, Proc. Amer. Acad.
35: 557-562. 1900.
Shrubs or herbs, sometimes scandent, the pubescence often of branched hairs;
leaves entire, lobed, or pinnate; flowers usually cymose, racemose, or umbel-
late; calyx campanulate, 5-dentate or 5-lobate; corolla rotate, 5-angulate or 5-
parted; filaments short, the anthers sometimes unequal, connate or connivent;
fruit a globose berry.
Many herbaceous species occur in Mexico. Hemsley lists 139 species of
Solanum from Mexico and Central America, but it is doubtful whether so
many occur in the region. A rather large number of shrubby species are
known to the writer only from Dunal’s descriptions, and only a few of them
have been placed in the following list. Many of them are based upon Pavén
specimens which may have come from South America rather than Mexico.
The genus contains several species of economic importance, among which
may be noted the potato, Solanum tuberosum L., native of the South American
Andes, and the eggplant (“berenjena”), Solanum melongena L., a native of
. Asia and Africa.
A, Anthers short, the terminal pores usually anterior; plants never prickly.
Flowers mostly axillary, the pedicels solitary or fasciculate.
(Calkyxdan 3-10 DAL C= ae ek ee 1. S. geminifiorum,
Calyx with numerous (usually 10) lobes, or the lobes obsolete.
Pubescence of the leaves of simple hairs.
Galliyxe LOWES ODSOLE te see aes ea 5 ae ee 2. S. pringlei.
Calyx lobes well developed.
Calyx hirsute, with) lone hairs. ees 3. S. amatitlanense.
Calyx hirtellous with short subappressed hairs.
4. S. nyctaginoides.
Pubescence of branched hairs, or the leaves sometimes glabrous.
Redicelsmanducalyxehispid-202 2 222 ae 5. S. purpusii,
Pedicels and calyx glabrous or finely stellate-pubescent.
Leaves usually rounded or obtuse at apex, nearly or fully as broad
as long, broadly rounded or subcordate at base___6. S. lambii.
Leaves acute to acuminate, much longer than broad or, if obtuse,
acute at base. :
CWorollanG smn LOM =e ae ae ae ee 7. S. sideroxyloides.
Corolla over 1 cm. long.
Leaves densely and finely stellate-pubescent beneath.
8. S. lentum.
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so.
Leaves small, 5 em. long or less__________ 9. S. nocturnum.
Leaves mostly 6 to 14 em. long.
, Leaves subcoriaceous, lustrous__________ 10. S. chiapense.
eavessthin. Gulls oe ee ee 11. S. stephanocalyx.
Flowers in cymes, racemes, or umbels, these all or mostly pedunculate.
B. Leaves pinnate or pinnate-lobate, or hastate-lobate, sometimes simple
but the plants then scandent.
Leaves entire or hastate-lobate at base, or only the lower ones pin-
natisect.
1290 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Leaves hastate-lobate at base.
Corolla, 5-parteds... 4-2 so ee 29. S. triquetrum.
Gorollas 35-angulatel2.. 2 eS eee 30. S. xanti.
Leaves not hastate-lobate.
Anthers linear, about 3 times as long as broad; leaves glabrous
beneath except along the costa_________--_12. S. jasminoides.
Anthers broadly oblong or oval, less than twice as long as broad;
leaves short-villous beneath_______-____ 18. S. macrantherum,
Leaves all pinnate or pinnate-lobate.
Pubescence of fine branched hairs; lobes of the leaves obtuse.
14. S. palmeri.
Pubescence of simple hairs; leaf segments acute or acuminate.
Corolla. abouts) mm:-long>— 23. =" eee 15. S. appendiculatum.
Corolla about 10 mm. long.
Leaves glabrous beneath___-----_--_____ 16. S. seaforthianum.
Leaves! *villosulous:+ beneath === == ="2 se see 17. S. galeotti.
BB. Leaves simple, entire or toothed, never hastate-lobate; plants com-
monly erect.
C. Mature leaves densely stellate-pubescent beneath over the whole
surface.
Flowers in few-flowered lateral umbels.
Corolla lobes (ascending - = es ee eee 18. S. lignescens.
Corolla lobes reflexed.
Hairs on the upper surface of the leaves mostly simple.
19. S. plurifurcipilum.
Hairs on the upper surface of the leaves all branched.
20. S. jaliscanum.
Flowers in many-flowered cymes, these often terminal.
Younger branches with coarse, conspicuously stipitate, branched
Neaips e S e ee ee oeee 21. S. umbellatum.
Younger branches with fine stellate hairs, these sessile or nearly so.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface or nearly so, attenuate at
ASG sae Sa ee ee 27. S. cervantesii.
Leaves densely stellate-pubescent on the upper surface or, if gla-
brate, obtuse or rounded at base.
Petioles very short, less than 1 em. long; calyx shallowly and
obtusely..denticulate - 22 22. S. salviifolium.
Petioles usually more than 1 ecm. long; calyx deeply dentate.
Ovary tomentose; leaves velutinous-tomentose on the upper
Sura ce tte) bes. a 23. S. verbascifolium.
Ovary glabrous; leaves stellate-scaberulous on the upper sur-
face or glabrate.
Hairs on the lower surface of the leaf extremely minute,
the leaves appearing glabrous______ 24. S. plumense.
Hairs on the lower surface of the leaf conspicuous.
25. S. bicolor.
CC. Mature leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so, the pubescence, if any,
chiefly along or near the costa, or the leaves sometimes rather dense-
ly pubescent with simple hairs.
Flowers in large many-flowered cymes, these chiefly terminal.
ipranches, winged 52 2. ae ee eee ee 26. S. aligerum.
Branches not. winged =-=-- =~.) = 2-2 2 Sa cervantesii:
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1291
Flowers in few-flowered lateral umbels or racemes.
Pubescence of the leaves of simple hairs.
Corollasaboutsp mms slong 2 eso vee 28. S. nigrum.
Corolla about 1Ommrnags lon ges 6 vee: © sees eg Fae 30. S. xanti.
Pubescence none or of branched hairs.
Young branchlets with a feltlike tomentum_31. S. brachystachys.
Young branchlets glabrous or obscurely puberulent.
Leaves acuminate; pedicels usually recurved in fruit.
32. S. nudum.
Leaves mostly obtuse; pedicels erect in fruit__33. S. diphyllum.
AA. Anthers more or less elongate, the terminal pores posterior or directed
upward; plants nearly always armed with prickles.
D. Prickles of the stems strongly recurved; leaves not prickly on the upper
surface.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface, or pubescent with simple hairs.
ECAVES Cnt IMG! se) Nite is uve Ren ohh Reais Sap bee 34. S. oaxacanum.
Leaves all or mostly pinnate-lobate________--________ 35. S. refractum.
Leaves sparsely or densely stellate-pubescent on the upper surface.
Branches glabrous or nearly: sos2s22 oes 36. S. houstonii.
Branches copiously pubescent, the amacee variable in character.
Prickles of the stems large, few, mostly 3 to 6 mm. long.
Leaves cuneate-decurrent at base, sessile or nearly so.
37. S. jamaicense.
Leaves not cuneate-decurrent at base, petiolate.
Leaves green beneath, sparsely stellate-hirsute.
88. S. donnell-smithii.
Leaves whitish-tomentose beneath--___---______ 89. S. amictum.
Prickles of the stems small, numerous, most of them 2 mm. long
OT WICS SS aA et SN os Ee eS ES 40. S. lanceifolium.
DD. Prickles straight or only slightly curved, or sometimes wanting, rarely
recurved but the leaves then prickly on the upper surface.
Fruit densely hirsute.
Prickles of the stem glandular-puberulent______________ 41. S. hirtum.
Prickles not glandular-puberulent
Fruit glabrous or nearly so.
Pubescence of the upper surface of the leaves chiefly of long simple hairs.
Calyx and pedicels not prickly__________________ 43. S. mammosum.
Calyx and pedicels prickly.
Leuves sparsely hirsute on the upper surface, with few scattered
stellate) hairs) beneath==—— === 2 = se 44. S. aculeatissimum.,
Leaves densely pilose above, densely stellate-pubescent beneath.
35. S. chloropetalum.
Pubescence of the upper surface of the leaves chiefly of fine stellate hairs.
Calyx accrescent after anthesis, usually closely investing the fruit
and nearly or quite equaling it.
eaves-all\ entire.) =2 2 ee a ee ee 46. S. hindsianum.
Leaves, at least most of them, undulate or lobate.
Shorter anthers 1.5 em. long or more; leaves lobed nearly to
the; .cOstd 22 2222S oe ee ee ee ey 47. S. azureum.
Shorter anthers 1 ecm. long or less; leaves usually shallowly
lobate
Ue a 42. S. tequilense.
Lp va ry i SA el ae RE Bn FE ait Nee eS 48. S. amazonium.
1292 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Calyx slightly if at all accrescent, much shorter than the fruit, usually
spreading.
Fruit 3 cm. in diameter or larger____________ 49. S. marginatum.
Fruit usually less than 2 em. in diameter.
Stems bristly-hispid, each bristle with a tuft of hairs at apex.
50. S. hispidum.
Stems not hispid.
Pubescence of the pedicels partly of gland-tipped hairs.
eaves ‘deeply ‘lobatessss 2.2 es eee 51. S. hernandesii.
Leaves shallowly lobate or entire.
Pedicels) erecting frmi ts 23th ee eee sty es 52. S. torvum.
Pedicels#reflexed in) fruit 2) ee 53. S. madrense.
Pubescence of the pedicels eglandular.
iAnthers: Setoi Osmm ones. eee 54. S. mitlense.
Anthers about 5 mm. long.
Leaves acute to attenuate at base, entire.
55. S. laurifolium.
Leaves usually obtuse to subcordate at base, most of them
undulate or sinuate-lobate_______ 56. S. diversifolium.
1. Solanum geminifiorum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 121: 142. 1845.
Type from Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Glabrous shrub; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 7 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, at-
tenuate at base, entire; pedicels geminate; flowers white, 6 mm. long.
Solanum hookerianum Spreng., listed by Hemsley, is a synonym of S. hava-
nense Jacq., and is not known from Mexico.
2. Solanum pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 160. 1895.
Jalisco and Michoacfin; type from Lake Chapala, Jalisco.
Plants suffrutescent, about 2 meters high, the branches viscid-villous; leaves
broadly ovate, 5 to 12 em. long, long-acuminate, broadly rounded and short-
decurrent at base, short-villous; pedicels geminate, recurved in fruit; corolla
nearly 1.5 em. long; fruit bright red, 1.5 em. long, glabrous.
8. Solanum amatitlanense Coult. & Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 87: 420. 1904.
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Amatitlin.
Shrub, the branches hirsute with forked hairs; leaves on very short petioles,
oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, 20 cm. long or less, long-acuminate, obtuse
or acute at base and very unequal, entire, hirsute; pedicels fasciculate.
The writer has seen no material of S. sylvicola T. S. Brandeg.,* described
from Finea Irlanda, Chiapas, which may be a synonym of this species.
;
‘
.
4. Solanum nyctaginoides Dunal in DC. Prodr. 181: 172. 1852.
Hidalgo and probably elsewhere; described from somewhere in Mexico.
Slender shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high, the branches hirtellous; leaves slender-
petiolate, lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, 13 cm. long or less, long-acuminate,
attenuate at base, pilose-hirsute, entire; pedicels fasciculate; corolla 10 to 14
mm. long; fruit globose, orange. |
1
.
‘
:
7
5. Solanum purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 62. 1914.
Type from Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas.
Slender shrub, the branches hirsute with branched hairs; leaves short-petio-
late, oblong-ovate, 12 cm. long or less, acuminate, rounded at base, entire,
sparsely hirsute above, sparsely stellate-pubescent beneath; pedicels solitary or
geminate; calyx lobes in fruit sometimes 1.5 cm. long; fruit 1.5 em. in diameter.
* Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 373. 1917.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1293
6. Solanum lambii Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 536. 1895.
Sinaloa and Jalisco; type from Villa Union, Sinaloa.
Woody vine, the branches. stellate-pubescent; leaves slender-petiolate,
rounded-ovate, 4 cm. long or less, entire, finely stellate-pubescent or rarely
glabrate; pedicels geminate or fasciculate; corolla bluish, 1.5 em. long; fruit
5 to 6 mm. in diameter, giabrous.
7%. Solanum sideroxyloides Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 253. 1833.
Type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Shrub, the branches stellate-tomentose; leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong-
ovate, 7 cm. long or less, acute or short-acuminate, obtuse at base, entire,
brownish-tomentose beneath; pedicels fasciculate; corolla white; fruit gla-
brous.
8. Solanum lentum Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 4. pl. 308. 1797.
Solanum stellatum lentum O. E. Sehulz in Urban, Symb. Antill. 6: 189.
1909.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Cuba, Guatemala, and El Salvador.
Shrub, trailing or scandent, sometimes 3 meters long, the branches densely
stellate-pubescent; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 6.5 cm. long or less, entire,
obtuse or rounded at base; pedicels usually fasciculate; corolla usually violet,
14 to 18 mm. long; fruit red, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, glabrous. ‘ Quesillo,”
“manzana montés,” “ guaco” (Kl Salvador).
Closely related to S. virgatum Lam., a West Indian species, and perhaps
not distinct.
9. Solanum nocturnum Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 570. 1900.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Acapulco.
Woody vine, the branches minutely stellate-pubescent or glabrate; leaves
slender-petiolate, acute or obtuse, entire, finely and sparsely stellate-pubescent
when young but soon glabrous; pedicels solitary or geminate; corolla 12 to
15 mm. long; fruit 1 cm. in diameter.
10. Solanum chiapense T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 192. 1915.
Type from Finca Irlanda, Chiapas.
Shrub, glabrous throughout, probably scandent; leaves on very short petioles,
elliptic or lance-oblong, 10 cm. long or less, narrowed to the obtuse or acutish
apex, obtuse or subacute at base, entire; pedicels solitary or geminate; anthers
unequal.
11. Solanum stephanocalyx T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 374. 1917.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan.
Plants slender, herbaceous or fruticose, the branches puberulent or nearly
glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 14 cm. long or less, acute to
rounded at base, entire, puberulent beneath along the veins or glabrous; pedi-
eels solitary or geminate; corolla 12 to 18 mm. long.
12. Solanum jasminoides Paxton, Mag. Bot. 8: pl. 5. 1841.
Morelos and Veracruz, naturalized; cultivated about the City of Mexico.
Native of Brazil.
Plants scandent, suffrutescent, puberulent or glabrous; leaves slender-petio-
late, triangular-ovate, 5 em. long or less, narrowed to the obtuse or acute apex,
rounded to subcordate at base, entire, glabrous or nearly so, the lower leaves
usually parted or cleft; flowers slender-pedicellate, in large cymes; corolla
white or bluish, nearly 2 cm. broad. “Flor de San Diego” (Veracruz).
79688—24——29
1294 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
18. Solanum macrantherum Dunal, Sol. Syn. 16. 1816.
Michoacan and Guanajuato to Veracruz and Chiapas.
Seandent shrub, the branches villosulous; leaves long-petiolate, ovate to
broadly ovate, 13 cm. long or less, acuminate, rounded or truncate at base,
entire, puberulent or short-villous beneath or sometimes glabrate; cymes large,
many-flowered; corolla violaceous, 2 to 4 em. broad; flowers sSweet-scented ;
fruit red, about 1 cm. or less in diameter.
Solanum boldoense A. DC., described from Cuba, is a closely related species
and perhaps not distinct. It has been reported from Mexico.
14. Solanum palmeri Vasey & Rose, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 11: 532. 1889.
Baja California and the adjacent islands; type from San Quentin Bay.
Plants suffrutescent, minutely pubescent with branched hairs; leaves nearly
all lobate, usually 3-lobate, the lower lobes sometimes very small or suppressed ;
flowers in few-flowered umbels; corolla violaceous, 1.5 em. broad.
15. Solanum appendiculatum Dunal, Sol. Syn. 5. 1816.
High mountains, Mexico, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Puente de la
Madre de Dios. Guatemala.
Slender shrub, scandent to a height of 9 meters, the branches puberulent
or glabrate; leaflets 3 or 5, lance-oblong to ovate, 5 cm. long or less, acuminate,
acute at base, entire, very sparsely short-hirsute above, puberulent beneath
along the veins; cymes small, few-flowered; corolla white; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in
diameter.
16. Solanum seaforthianum Andrews, Bot. Rep. 8: pl. 504. 1797-1804.
Specimens seen from Baja California, Tamaulipas, Michoacin or Guerrero
(?), and Yucatan, most of them probably from cultivated plants. West Indies,
Central America, and northern South America.
Seandent shrub, 2 to 6 meters long, the branches sparsely puberulent or
glabrate; leaflets 3 or 5, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 8 cm. long or less, entire,
the upper ones decurrent upon the petiole, glabrous or nearly so; cymes usually
large and many-flowered; corolla violaceous, nearly 1 cm. long; fruit red, 6
to 9 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Piocha” (Yucatdin); ‘ guinda,” “ falsa belladonna,”
‘‘jazmin de Italia” (Porto Rico) ; “ Josefina,” ‘‘ duleeamarga” (El Salvador).
This is probably the plant reported from Mexico by various writers as 8S.
dulcamara L., and said to be known as “ gloria” and ‘ guia de jazmincillo.”
It is a handsome vine and is commonly cultivated in Mexico and Central
America.
17. Solanum galeotti Dunal in DC. Prodr. 18*: 82. 1852.
Type from Ario, Michoacan.
Secandent shrub; leaves long-petiolate, 5-parted, the segments ovate-oblong,
7 em. long or less, acutish; corolla white.
Solanum stephanodes Schlecht.,1 described from Cumbre del Obispo, appears,
from the description, to be closely related.
18. Solanum lignescens Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 38: 91. 1897.
Guerrero to Chiapas; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub, the branches closely stellate-pubescent; leaves petiolate, ovate or
elliptic, 7 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute, closely stellate-pubescent ; umbels
short-pedunculate; corolla white, 1.5 em. broad; fruit glabrous, 1 em. in di-
ameter.
1Linnaea 19: 290. 1846.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1295
19. Solanum plurifurcipilum Bitter, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 11: 15. 1912.
Type from Pacho Forest, near Jalapa, Veracruz, altitude 1,200 meters.
Shrub, 0.5 to 1 meter high, the stems pubescent with coarse branched hairs;
leaves short-petiolate, ovate-oblong or ovate, 7.5 cm. long or less, acute, short-
decurrent at base, entire; umbels short-pedunculate; corolla white, about 1
em. broad.
The description of S. ulmoides Dunal! is strongly suggestive of this plant.
20. Solanum jaliscanum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 84: 571. 1899.
Barranea near Guadalajara, Jalisco, altitude 1,200 meters, the type locality.
Shrub, the branches stellate-pubescent ; leaves ovate-oblong or lance-oblong,
13 cm. long or less, acute or obtuse, acute at base, entire, finely stellate-
pubescent ; umbels short-pedunculate; corolla about 1 cm. broad; fruit 1 em.
in diameter, glabrous.
21. Solanum umbellatum Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Solanum no. 27. 1768.
Solanum granuloso-leprosum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 18': 115. 1852.
Solanum cortez-virens Dunal in DC. Prodr. 181: 372. 1852.
Solanum receptum Heureck & Muell. Arg.; Heureck, Obs. Bot. 1: 46. 1870.
Sonora to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. West Indies and Central
America.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves oblong-elliptic to oblanceo-
late, 20 cm. long or less, acuminate, long-attenuate at base, finely stellate-
pubescent above, green, beneath pubescent with branched, chiefly stipitate
hairs; cymes dense, many-flowered, long-pedunculate; corolla white, 7 to 9
mm. long; fruit yellow, 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter. ‘ Berenjena” (Sinaloa);
“ cazaniche ” (Villada) ; “friega-plato” (Nicaragua); ‘“prendedera macho”
(Cuba) ; “ tapalayote” (El Salvador).
The specimens which belong here have nearly always been referred to
S. callicarpifolium Kunth & Bouché.
22. Solanum salviifolium Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 2: 14, 1793.
Solanum geminifolium (“ geminifiorum’’) Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 112. 1830.
Solanum schlechtendalianum Walp. Repert. Bot. 3: 61. 184445.
Michoacan or Guerrero to Chiapas, Tabasco, and Veracruz. West Indies
and Central America.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 4.5 meters high, the branches densely stellate-tomen-
tose; leaves often subsessile, lance-oblong to broadly ovate, 15 cm. long or less,
acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base, green above, usually glabrate,
densely and finely stellate-tomentose beneath with whitish hairs; cymes long-
pedunculate, becoming lateral; corolla white, 7 mm. long or less; fruit 7 mm.
in diameter, glabrate.
23. Solanum verbascifolium L. Sp. Pl. 184. 1753.
Nearly throughout Mexico except Baja California. Southern Florida; Cen-
tral America ; Old World tropics.
Shrub or small tree, 2 to 10 meters high, the branches finely stellate-tomen-
tose; leaves petiolate, ovate to lanceolate, 25 em. long or less, acute or acumi-
nate, rounded at base or decurrent, entire, velvety-tomentose on both sur-
faces; cymes long-pedunculate; corolla white, 7 to 9 mm. long; fruit yellowish,
6 to 12 mm. in diameter. ‘“Salvadora” (Tamaulipas); “ saca-manteca ”
(Sinaloa) ; “guardolobo” (Nuevo Ledén); ‘“ xtuhuy,” “ tom-paap,” “ xaxox”
(Yucatan, Maya); ‘ zoza” or “sosa” (Morelos, Veracruz, San Luis Potosi) ;
“hierba de San Pedro” (Nuevo Leon); “hoja de manteca” (Conzatti) ;
*In DC. Prodr. 13°: 130. 1852.
1296 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
“galantea”’ (Oaxaca, Reko); “ friega-plato,” ‘“ berenjena” (Veracruz) ; “ta-
baco cimarrén,” “prendedera hedionda,” ‘“ prendedera macho,” “ pendejera
macho” (Cuba); “berenjena de paloma,” ‘“ berenjena cimarrona,” “tabac6n
pelado ” (Porto Rico) ; “ tapalayote” (El Salvador).
The soft velvet-like leaves are used for cleaning dishes. They are also
heated and applied to the forehead to relieve headache, and applied as poul-
tices to ulcers and boils.
24, Solanum plumense Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 569. 1900.
Type from Pluma, Oaxaca.
Shrub, the branches very minutely stellate-puberulent; leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, 10 to 18 cm. long, long-acuminate, acutish to rounded at base, entire;
cymes long-pedunculate; corolla white, 1.5 em. broad; fruit 1 cm. in diameter.
25. Solanum bicolor Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 4: 661. 1819.
Solanum callicarpifolium Kunth & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 10. 1845.
Sinaloa to Chiapas and Yucatin. Lesser Antilles, Central America, and
northern South America.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high, the branches finely stellate-pubescent; leaves
‘elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate, usually 10 to 30 em. long, acute or short-acumi-
nate, decurrent at base, entire, green above; cymes long-pedunculate; corolla
white, about 7 mm. long; fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, yellow. ‘“ Saca-man-
teca”’ (Sinaloa).
26. Solanum aligerum Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 301. 1846. :
Michoacin, Mexico, Hidalgo, and Veracruz; type from Angangueo, Michoa-
can. -
Shrub or small tree; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 16 em. long
or less, acute at base, entire, glabrous above, barbate beneath along the costa
or when young loosely tomentose with branched hairs; panicles pedunculate,
lax; corolla white, 6 mm. long; fruit glabrous, 1 cm. in diameter.
27. Solanum cervantesii Lag. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 10. 1816.
Solanum pubigerum Dunal, Sol. Syn. 160. pl. 6. 1816.
San Luis Potosi and Guanajuato to Chiapas and Veracruz. Guatemala.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high, the branches puberulent or glabrous; leaves long-
petiolate, lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, 24 cm. long or less, acute or acuminate,
acute or decurrent at base, usually more or less pubescent beneath but often
glabrous; cymes long-pedunculate; corolla white, 5 to 7 mm. long; fruit black,
5 to 7 mm. in diameter. ‘ Hierba del perro” (San Luis Potosi).
The fruit is said to be eaten by children and to be harmless.
28. Solanum nigrum L. Sp. Pl. 186. 1753.
Solanum americanum Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Solanwm no. 5, 1768.
Solanum oligospermum Bitter, Repert..Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 80. 1913.
Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in tropical and temperate
regions of both hemispheres.
Usually herbaceous but sometimes woody and as much asd meters high, the
branches puberulent or villosulous; leaves long-petiolate, mostly ovate, 10 cm.
long or less, acute or acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, sinuate-dentate or
{requently entire; umbels slender-pedunculate; corolla white or bluish, 2 to
4 mm. long; fruit 5 to 7 mm. in diameter, black. ‘“ Mora” (Jalisco, ete.) ;
“ chuchilitas ’ (Sonora) ; “ tohonchichi” (Oaxaca); “hierba mora” (Tamauli-
pas, Durango, San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca, Sonora, Cuba, Porto Rico, El Salvador,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1297
Costa Rica, Peru, Colombia) ; “ chichiquelite’’ (Durango) ; “ tzopilotlaquatl ”
(Ramirez); “thucupache xaqua” (Michoacin, Tarascan, Ledn); “ bitaxe”
(Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko) ; ‘“‘mata-gallinas” (Porto Rico).
Black nightshade is a common weed in Mexico as well as in the United
States. The berries are commonly believed to be poisonous and there is little
doubt that they are in some instances, but some forms of the plant have been
introduced into cultivation under the names “ wonderberry” and ‘“ garden
huckleberry,” and their fruit is quite harmless and highly valued by many
persons, especially for making pies. In Mexico and Central America the young
shoots and leaves are commonly cooked as a pot herb, and the same practice is
followed in Mauritius, Madagascar, and other countries. In Sinaloa the root
is said to have been employed as a remedy for bubonic plague. Hlsewhere in
Mexico the fruit is a domestic remedy for erysipelas, and a decoction of the
plant is employed as a fomentation for sore eyes and for various skin diseases.
The leaves are sometimes applied as poultices to allay pain. In Europe the
plant is generally reputed to have narcotic properties, and in Bohemia the
leaves are placed in the cradles of infants to promote sleep.
Solanum nigrum is a somewhat variable plant, and many of the forms (in-
cluding several from Mexico) have been described as distinct species.
29. Solanum triquetrum Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 30. pl. 259. 1794.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosi. Western Texas.
Plants erect or subscandent, a meter high or less, suffrutescent, nearly gla-
brous; leaves 5 em. long or less, most of them triangular-hastate or lance-
hastate, acute or acuminate; cymes umbelliform, few-flowered; corolla white
or violet; fruit red, about 1 cm. in diameter.
30. Solanum xanti A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 90. 1876.
Northern Baja California. California; type from Fort Tejon.
Plants suffrutescent, the stems viscid-pubescent ; leaves lanceolate to ovate,
1 to 4 em. long, obtuse, entire or sometimes auriculate-lobate at base,
viscid-pubescent; corolla blue or violet, about 2 cm. broad; fruit purplish
black.
81. Solanum brachystachys Dunal in DC. Prodr. 137: 128. 1852.
Solanum lucidum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12*: 137. 1845. Not S.
" lucidum Moric. 1830.
Solanum venosum Sendtn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 10: 29. 1846. Not S. venoswm
Humb. & Bonpl. 1819.
Mexico, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Chalco, Mexico. Guatemala.
Shrub; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, 6 to 9 em. long, short-acu-
minate or acute, obtuse or acute at base, glabrous above, glabrous beneath
or when young with a loose feltlike tomentum; corolla 8 to 10 mm. broad; fruit
glabrous, about 1 cm. in diameter.
Solanum nigricans Mart. & Gal.,1 described from Oaxaca, is a closely related
plant and perhaps not distinct.
82. Solanum nudum H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 8: 33. 1818.
Michoacin to Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Central
America.
Shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high, the branches glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate
to elliptic, 15 cm. long or less, acute at base, usually barbate beneath along
the costa; corolla white, 4 to 6 mm. long; fruit about 1 cm. in diameter.
The Mexican specimens have usually been referred to S. triste Jacq.
+Bull Acad. Brux. 127: 134. 1845.
1298 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM,
33. Solanum diphyllum L. Sp. Pl. 184. 1753.
Tepic to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Guatemala and El Salvador.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches glabrous or obscurely puberulent ;
leaves petiolate, lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, 12 em. long or less, acute or at-
tenuate at base, lustrous, glabrous beneath; corolla white, 3 to 4 mm. long;
fruit 6 to 7 mm. in diameter. ‘“‘ Amatillo,” ‘‘hoja del golpe” (El Salvador).
34, Solanum oaxacanum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 18°: 204. 1852.
Solanum hamatile T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 192. 1915.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Tehuantepec, Oaxaca.
Shrub, glabrous throughout, the branches armed with short remote re-
eurved prickles; leaves long-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, 8 em.
long or less, acute, decurrent at base, thin, paler beneath and sometimes
prickly along the costa; inflorescence few-flowered, the floweres long-pedicel-
late; corolla about 1 cm. long.
35. Solanum refractum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 304. 1839-40.
Sinaloa to Jalisco and Morelos; type from Tepic.
Shrub, usually scandent, the branches densely prickly; leaves mostly
oblanceolate or obovate, 30 cm. long or less, obtuse to acuminate, long-attenuate
to the base, sessile or nearly so, entire or usually lobate, prickly beneath,
glabrous or pilose; flowers racemose-cymose, the inflorescences lax, many-
flowered; corolla 12 mm. long, white; fruit about 5 cm. in diameter. ‘“ Toronja”
(Sinaloa).
86. Solanum houstoni Dunal, Hist. Sol. 248. 1813.
Solanum tampicense Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 284. 1852.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Veracruz. Cuba; El Salvador.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches armed with stout recurved prickles;
leaves petiolate, oblong or oblong-ovate, 13 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute,
cuneate at base, irregularly lobate, sparsely stellate-pubescent; flowers in
axillary umbels or racemes; corolla white, 6 to 11 mm. long; fruit red, 6 to 7
mm. in diameter, glabrous. ‘ Ajicén’” (Cuba); ‘ huistomate,” “huevo de
gato” (El Salvador).
37. Solanum jamaicense Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Solanum no. 17. 1768.
Solanum cuneifolium Dunal, Hist. Sol. 193. pl. 22. 1818.
Oaxaca. West Indies; Central and South America; type from Jamaica.
Shrub, often scandent, the branches densely tomentose with chiefly stipitate,
stellate hairs; leaves broadly ovate or elliptic, 25 cm. long or less, acute,
angulate-lobate, densely tomentose with coarse stipitate stellate hairs, often
prickly beneath; inflorescences lateral, few-flowered; corolla white, 8 mm.
long; fruit orange, 4 to 6 mm. in diameter. ‘“ Berenjena” (Porto Rico).
88. Solanum donnell-smithii Coult. Bot. Gaz. 16: 144. 1891.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Central America; type from HEscuintla,
Guatemala.
Erect or scandent shrub, the branches hispid with coarse long-stipitate
stellate hairs; leaves oblong to ovate, 16 cm. long or less, acute, usually obtuse
at base, entire, lobate, or sinuate, usually prickly beneath; cymes few-
flowered, lateral; calyx prickly; corolla 1.5 cm. long, parted nearly to the base,
white; fruit glabrous, nearly 1 cm. in diameter. ‘ Huistomate” (El Salvador).
39. Solanum amictum Moric.; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 263. 1852.
Veracruz and perhaps elsewhere; type from Cordillera of Guichilaca.
Branches stellate-hirsute; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 20 cm. long or less,
acuminate, sinuate-repand, stellate-pilose above; cymes lateral, many-flowered ;
ealyx hirsute; fruit 6 mm. in diameter.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1299
This species may not be correctly placed in the key. It is known to the
writer only from description.
40. Solanum lanceifolium Jacq. Coll. Bot. 2: 286. 1788.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz. West Indies, Central America,
and northern South America.
Shrub, usually scandent, the branches stellate-pubescent; leaves petiolate,
ovate to oblong, 15 cm. long or less, acute or obtuse, acute to rounded at base,
sparsely stellate-pubescent above, densely so beneath and usually prickly;
inflorescences lateral, few-flowered, racemiform; corolla white, 9 to 12 mm.
long; fruit red, 6 to 9 mm. in diameter.
41. Solanum hirtum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 40. 1791.
Solanum flavescens Dunal; Poir. Encyel. Suppl. 3: 778. 1813.
Solanum molestum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 331. 1920.
Veracruz and Yucatan. Guatemala; West Indies and northern South
America.
Shrub, 2.5 meters high or less, the branches stellate-tomentose, densely
prickly; leaves broadly ovate to suborbicular, 20 em. long or less, acute or
obtuse, cordate at base, sinuate-lobate, prickly, at least beneath, densely stel-
late-tomentose beneath; inflorescences lateral, 2 to 8-flowered; calyx 1 em.
leng, deeply parted, the lobes obtuse or acutish; corolla white, 1.5 em. long;
fruit about 2 cm. in diameter, yellow, covered with long yellow hairs.
42. Solanum tequilense A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 441. 1887.
Solanum huitlanum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 192. 1915.
Tepic to Chiapas; type from Tequila, Jalisco. Guatemala.
Erect shrub, the branches stellate-tomentose, densely covered with long
stout prickles; leaves oval to rounded-ovate, 40 cm. long or less, obtuse or
acute, rounded or subcordate at base, densely stellate-tomentose, sinuate-re-
pand, usually prickly on both surfaces, the prickles sometimes 3 cm. long;
inflorescences few-flowered ; fruit 2.5 to 3.5 cm. in diameter.
43. Solanum mammosum L, Sp. Pl. 187. 1753.
Reported from Veracruz by Hemsley, but perhaps erroneously ; reported from
Mexico by O. E. Schulz.1 West Indies; Central and South America.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, 1.5 meters high or less, densely pilose
with long articulate hairs; leaves nearly as broad as long, 10 to 15 em. long,
shallowly cordate at base, irregularly lobate, the lobes obtuse or acute, usu-
ally armed on both surfaces with long ‘stout prickles; inflorescences umbelli-
form, lateral, 1 to 6-flowered; corolla violaceous, about 2 em. long; fruit 3 to
4.5 cm. in diameter, orange. “ Berenjena” (Veracruz) ; ‘“ berenjenita peluda ”
(Tabasco, Rovirosa) ; “ pichichio” (Costa Rica); “ufla de gato” (Panama) ;
“‘chichimora ” (Hl Salvador) ; “ chichihua’” (Honduras) ; “ chichigua,” “ chi-
chita,” ‘‘marimbita amarilla,” ‘chichona” (Nicaragua); “rejalgar” (Co-
lombia) ; ‘“berenjena cimarrona,” “berenjena de marimbo” (Porto Rico) ;
‘“‘ siiirito ’ (Cuba) ; ‘ chicha” (Guatemala).
The fruit is said to be very poisonous. In Costa Rica a decoction of the
leaves is employed as a remedy for diseases of the kidneys and bladder. In
Fil Salvador the seeds are said to be used as a remedy for colds.
44, Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq. Icon. Pl. Rar. 5. pl. 41. 1781-86.
Veracruz. Florida, West Indies, Central and South America; also in the
Old World tropics.
*In Urban, Symb. Antill. 6: 206. 1909.
1300 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Plants suffrutescent, often procumbent, the branches densely covered with
long prickles; leaves broadly ovate, 15 cm. long or less, acute, usually subcor-
date at base, lobate, the lobes acute or obtuse; inflorescences umbelliform, 2
to 5-flowered; corolla white, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; fruit orange, 2 to 3 cm. in diam-
eter. “ Berenjena” (Costa Rica).
45. Solanum chloropetalum Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 291. 1847.
?Solanum porphyranthum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 187: 244. 1852.
Hidalgo and Veracruz; type from Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Plants suffrutescent, the branches armed with long, straight or sometimes
curved prickles; leaves rounded-ovate, long-petiolate, 16 cm. long or less, acute
or obtuse, cordate at base, shallowly sinuate-lobate, armed with stout prickles
on both surfaces; inflorescences few-flowered; corolla greenish white, 1 to 1.5
em. long; fruit yellow.
Solanum globiferum Dunal, a West Indian plant, reported from Mexico by
Schulz, is probaby not distinct.
46. Solanum hindsianum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 39. 1844.
Baja California and Sonora; type from Magdalena Bay, Baja California.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the branches finely stellate-tomentose. usually armed
with long prickles; leaves petiolate, ovate to oblong, 4.5 cm. long or less, obtuse,
rounded or subeordate at base, sometimes prickly beneath, covered with a dense
close tomentum; inflorescence umbelliform, few-flowered; corolla light or dark
violet, about 4 cm. broad; fruit about 1 em. in diameter. ‘“ Mariola” (Baja
California).
The plant is said to be employed in Baja California as an emmenagogue.
47. Solanum azureum Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 570. 1900.
Sinaloa; type from Topolobampo.
Shrub, the branches finely stellate-pubescent, armed with few slender
prickles; leaves with numerous obtuse lobes, often prickly beneath, finely stel-
late-pubescent; peduncles with 10 or fewer flowers; corolla 4 to 5 cm. broad,
violet; fruit 12 mm. in diameter.
48. Solanum amazonium Ker in Edwards, Bot, Reg. pl. 71. 1815.
Solanum obtusifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 5: 113. 1830. Not S. obtusifolium
Dunal, 18138.
Solanum veree-crucis Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 607. 1841.
Sonora and Chihuahua to Zacatecas, Oaxaca, Campeche, and Yucatan.
Shrub, the branches closely stellate-pubescent, usually armed with slender
prickles; leaves ovate to oblong, 14 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute, obtuse
to subeordate at base, sinuate or sinuate-lobate, sometimes entire, densely
stellate-tomentose beneath and often prickly; inflorescences few-flowered; cor-
olla blue or violet, commonly 4 to 5 em. broad; fruit about 1.5 em. in diameter.
‘““Berenjena silvestre,” “ saca-manteca” (Sinaloa); “ xkon-yakik” (Yucatan,
Maya).
49. Solanum marginatum L. f. Suppl. Pl. 147. 1781.
Naturalized in the Valley of Mexico. Native of northeastern Africa.
Plants suffrutescent, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches white-tomentose,
prickly; leaves oval or broadly ovate, 25 cm. long or less, obtuse, shallowly
sinuate-lobate, armed with prickles, green and glabrate above, white-tomentose
beneath; calyx prickly; corolla white, 2.5 em. broad; fruit yellow, glabrous.
50. Solanum hispidum Pers. Syn. Pl.’ 1: 228. 1805.
Solanum chrysotrichum Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 304. 1847.
Michoacin to Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala; Peru (?).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1301
Shrub, 4 meters high or less, the branches armed with short stout prickles;
leaves ovate-oblong to broadly ovate, 20 cm. long or less, acute, obtuse to sub-
cordate at base, subentire or usually lobate, often prickly, densely stellate-
tomentose beneath, some of the hairs stipitate; corolla whitish, 12 to 15 mm.
long; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter. ‘“ Sosa” (Michoacin, Guerrero).
51. Solanum hernandesii Moc. & Sessé; Dunal in DC. Prodr. 13*: 266. 1852.
Chiapas. Guatemala to Nicaragua.
Shrub, the branches fulvous-tomentose, armed with stout prickles; leaves
18 cm. long or less, truncate or subcordate at base, prickly, 5 to T-lobate,
the lobes often again lobate, stellate-tomentose; inflorescences few or many-
flowered; corolla white, 10 to 13 mm. long; fruit 1 cm. in diameter. ‘“ Huisto-
mate,” “ giiistomate” (El Salvador).
52. Solanum torvum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 47. 1788.
Solanum ferruginewm Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 3: 46. pl. 334. 1798.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Florida, West Indies, Central America, and northern
South America; also in the Old World tropics.
Shrub, 1 to 4 meters high, the branches stellate-pubescent, armed with short
prickles; leaves broadly ovate, 20 em. long or less, acute or acuminate, usually
rounded or subcordate at base, sinuate-lobate, stellate-tomentose, often prickly ;
' eymes few to many-fiowered; corolla white, 10 to 12 mm. long; fruit 1 to 1.5
cm. in diameter, yellow. ‘“ Tomatillo”’ (Guatemala); “ berenjena” (Costa
Rica); “berenjena cimarrona” (Costa Rica, Porto Rico); ‘ pendejera,”
“‘prendedera ” (Cuba); “ friega-platos’”’ (Colombia).
The names “espina” (Yucatéin), “friega-platos” (San Luis Potosi), and
“conoca” (Jalisco) are reported for this species, but they probably relate
to other species.
53. Solanum madrense Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 558. 1900.
Sonora and Chihuahua to Morelos and Oaxaca; type from Sierra de Alamos,
Sonora. Central America.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high, the branches fulvous-tomentose, armed witi
short steut prickles; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 18 cm. long or less, acute
or obtuse, usually subcordate at base, subentire to sinuate-lobate, densely
stellate-tomentose beneath, often prickly; inflorescence few or many-flowered;
corolla 1.5 to 2 cm. long, white; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter. ‘ Berenjena ”
(Durango) ; “ huistomate,” “ giiistomate,” “ gtiis,” “lava-platos”’ (El Salvador).
54. Solanum mitlense Dunal in DC. Prodr. 131: 314. 1852.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Mitla, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high, the branches densely and coarsely
tomentose, armed with short prickles; leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate,
25 em. long or less, obtuse to acuminate, acute to subcordate at base, shallowly
sinuate-lobate, densely and loosely tomentose on both surfaces; cymes dense,
many-flowered; corolla violet, 8 cm. broad; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. broad. ‘“ Coyoto-
matl” (Puebla).
55. Solanum laurifolium Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Solanwm no. 20. 1768.
Solanum lanceolatum Cav. Icon. Pl. 8: 23. pl. 245. 1794.
Solanum cymoswn Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 1: 11. 1797.
Solanum macrophyllum Dunal, Hist. Sol. 199. pl. 17. 1813.
Solanum mexicanum Moc. & Sessé; Dunal in Poir. Encyl. Suppl. 3: 770. 1813.
Solanum hartwegii Benth. Pl. Hartw. 68. 1839.
Solanum floccosum Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12*: 141. 1845.
Solanum molinum Fernald, Trees & Shrubs 1: 97. pl. 49. 1903.
San Luis Potosi to Morelos, Oaxaca, and Puebla. Martinique.
79688—24——_30
1302 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches stellate-tomentose, armed with
few short prickles or often unarmed; leaves oblong, elliptic-oblong, or oblanceo-
late, 18 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute, densely stellate-tomentose beneath
or finely stellate-pubescent, unarmed; cymes many-flowered; corolla pale blue,
12 to 15 mm. long; fruit 6 to 10 mm. in diameter.
56. Solanum diversifolium Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 297. 1846.
Solanum torvum ochraceo-ferrugineum Dunal in DC. Prodr. 187: 160. 1852.
Solanum ochraceo-ferrugineum Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 560. 1900.
Baja California and Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type
from Papantla, Veracruz. Central America.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, the branches stellate-tomentose, armed with few
short prickles or sometimes unarmed; leaves ovate-oblong to broadly ovate,
18 cm. long or less, acute or obtuse, usually sinuate-lobate but sometimes entire,
stellate-tomentose, usually unarmed; cymes few or many-flowered; corolla
white or bluish, 12 to 16 mm. long; fruit 1 to 1.5 cm. in diameter. ‘“Salvadora ”
(Tamaulipas) ; “ berenjena’”’ (Sinaloa).
Palmer reports that in Tamaulipas the fruit is employed for poisoning rats.
9. ATHENAEA Sendtn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 10: 133. 1846.
1. Athenaea nelsonii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 567. 1900.
Type collected between Tumbala and El Salto, Chiapas.
Shrub (?), the stems viscid-villous; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate, 20
em. long or less, cuspidate-acuminate, deeply cordate at base, entire or with a
few sharp teeth, sparsely villosulous beneath; pedicels fasciculate, 3 ecm. long
or less; calyx glandular-villous, campanulate, with 5 narrow lobes; corolla
1.5 to 2 em. long, yellowish, deeply 5-lobate; fruit red, inclosed in the calyx.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ATHENAEA XALAPENSIS (H. B. K.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 422.
1882. Withania calapensis H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 8: 18. 1819. Type from
Jalapa, Veracruz.
10. WITHANTIA Pauquy, Diss. Bellad. 14. 1824.
1. Withania melanocystis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 171. 1896.
Type from Tamasopo Canyon, San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, 3 to 6 cm.
long, acute, entire, petiolate, finely pubescent; pedicels axillary, fasciculate,
5 to 10 mm. long; calyx 5-dentate, accrescent, in fruit about 2 cm. long,
bladder-like, contracted at the mouth; corolla rotate-campanulate, 1 cm. long,
pale yellow with dark spots in throat, 5-lobate to the middle; fruit baccate,
red, globose. ;
The true position of this plant is somewhat doubtful. The other species of
the genus are natives of the Old World.
11. BRACHISTUS Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 3: 264. 1849.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves entire; pedicels geminate or fasciculate; calyx
short, broadly campanulate, with 5 to 10 setaceous or minute teeth, not or
searcely accrescent; corolla broadly campanulate, the limb 5-angulate or shal-
lewly lobate; fruit a globose berry.
Marcer sleaves, aACutely. ACURMIN ATC =e ee 1. B. diversifolius.
Larger leaves obtuse or obtusely short-acuminate______________ 2. B. pringlei.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1303
1. Brachistus diversifolius (Klotzsch) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 3:
268. 1849.
Witheringia diversifolia Klotzsch; Walp. Repert. Bot. 8: 29. 1844.
Veracruz, Morelos, and Chiapas.
Slender shrub, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate or lance-ovate, 4 to
11 cm. long, acute at base, thinly pilose or glabrate, the pairs of leaves very
unequal, one of each pair small and often obtuse; flowers long-pedicellate, the
pedicels usually recurved; corolla greenish yellow, about 7 mm. broad; fruit
6 to 8 mm. in diamter.
2. Brachistus pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 159. 1890.
Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosi to Oaxaca; type from Sierra
de la Silla, Nuevo Leon.
Slender shrub; leaves broadly ovate to oblong-ovate, 4.5 cm. long or less,
abruptly contracted at base, sparsely pubescent or densely so beneath; corolla
greenish yellow, 8 mm. broad; calyx lobes linear, somewhat elongate in fruit.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
BRACHISTUS LIGUSTRINUS (Dunal) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 423. 1882.
_Fregirardia ligustrina Dunal in DC, Prodr. 13°: 507. 1852. Type from “ De-
sierto Viejo.” Scarcely of this genus, but the generic position of the plant is
doubtful.
12. BASSOVIA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 217. 1775.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves entire or sinuate; pedicels usually fasciculate,
sometimes umbellate; calyx broadly campanulate, 5 to 10-dentate or truncate,
not or searcely accrescent ; corolla subrotate, cleft to the middle or lower; fruit
a 2-celled globose berry.
Pubescence of the leaves of stellate hairs____
Pubescence of simple hairs.
an eee eb stellata:
Weaves simuate-dentate. = — ea nee ee a 2. B. 6stramonntolia:
Leaves entire.
STCHISHSELOSCs)O ILO SCs eee tite ates Sort Sees ta nc ere ae UE tore 3. B. setosa.
Stems glabrous or short-villous.
Leaves barbate beneath in the axils of the lateral nerves__4. B. foliosa.
Leaves not barbate beneath.
Leaves glabrous beneath; corolla 12 to 14 mm. long.
5. B. escuintlensis.
Leaves sparsely short-villous beneath; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long.
6. B. mexicana.
1. Bassovia stellata Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 246. 1905.
Hidalgo and Veracruz; type from Trinidad Iron Works, Hidalgo, altitude
1,500 meters.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 5 to 9 ecm. long,
acuminate, entire, glabrous above or nearly so, stellate-tomentose beneath or
finally glabrate; flowers numerous, long-pedicellate; calyx with short rounded
lobes; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long.
2. Bassovia stramoniifolia (H. B. K.) Standl.
Witheringia stramoniifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 13. 1819.
Brachistus stramoniifolius Miers, Ill. 8. Amer. Pl. 2: 7. 1849.
Bassovia donnell-smithii Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 145. 1891.
1304 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Tepic and Jalisco to Veracruz; type collected between La Banderilla and
Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala and El Salvador.
Shrub, about 3 meters high; leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, 5 to 11 cm. long,
acute or acuminate, oblique and often subcordate at base, short-villous, espe-
cially beneath; corolla about 1 cm. long. ‘“ Belladona montés” (El Salvador).
8. Bassovia setosa T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 373. 1917.
Type from Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Low slender shrub; leaves lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, 3 to 4.5 em. long,
acute at base and apex, setose-pilose; flowers few, short-pedicellate; calyx
with 5 lanceolate lobes; corolla about 6 mm. long, hirtellous; fruit 5 mm. in
diameter.
4. Bassovia foliosa T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 373. 1917.
Type from Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Shrub; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 7 to 12 cm. long, short-acuminate,
acute at base, glabrous except along the costa beneath; flowers umbellate, the
umbels pedunculate, 5 to 7-flowered; calyx shallowly 5-lobate; fruit 5 mm. in
diameter.
5. Bassovia escuintlensis (Coulter) Standl.
Brachistus escuintlensis Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 144. 1891.
Bassovia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 372. 1917.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Escuintla.
Shrub, the stems glabrous or very minutely puberulent; leaves ovate to
ovate-oblong, mostly 10 to 25 cm. long, acuminate, abruptly decurrent at base,
thin; flowers long-pedicellate, usually numerous; calyx truncate; fruit about
7 mm. in diameter.
6. Bassovia mexicana Robinson, Proce. Amer. Acad. 26: 171. 1891.
Nuevo Leoén, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type from Tamasopo Canyon,
San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high, the branches glabrous or sparsely short-villous;
leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 5 to 17 cm. long, acuminate,
usually obtuse or rounded at base; flowers numerous, long-pedicellate; calyx
truncate; fruit 6 to 10 mm. in diameter.
Perhaps not distinct from B. macrophylla (H. B. K.) Benth. & Hook.
13. LITHOPHYTUM T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 188. 1911.
-A sngle species is known.
1. Lithophytum violaceum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 188. 1911.
Type from Santa Lucia, Puebla.
Shrub; leaves fasciculate at the nodes, oval, 4 to 7 mm. long, obtuse, entire,
8-nerved, glabrous, ciliolate; flowers pedicellate at the nodes; calyx 3 to 4
mm. long, campanulate, 5-lobate, puberulent; corolla 8 mm. long, violaceous,
puberulent, salverform; anthers longitudinally dehiscent; ovary 1-celled, 2 to
4-ovulate.
It is not certain that the plant belongs to the Solanaceae. The material
seen by the writer is too fragmentary for critical examination.
149. SCROPHULARIACEAE. Figwort Family.
Shrubs or more commonly herbs; leaves opposite or sometimes alternate or
verticillate, entire or toothed (in the genera treated here), estipulate; flowers
perfect, usually irregular; calyx inferior, 5-lobate or 5-dentate; corolla
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1305
gamopetalous, varying from rotate to funnelform, often bilabiate; stamens
usually 4 and didynamous, attached to the corolla tube, the anthers commonly
2-celled; style sSmple; fruit capsular, many-seeded.
Numerous genera are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous species.
Leaves all alternate.
Stamens 4 -Sleg ves entire son oe ees ee eee 1. LEUCOPHYLLUM.
Stamens’ 2+" leaves crenates 22. a et 2. GHIESBREGHTIA.
Leaves all or chiefly opposite.
Capsule dehiscent by subapical pores. Corolla tubular, red.
38. GALVEZIA.
Capsule dehiscent by valves.
Calyx 5-cleft nearly or quite to the base.
Sterile stamen present, nearly or quite as long as the fertile ones.
4. PENTSTEMON.
Sterile stamen none or minute_____________________ 5. RUSSELIA,
Calyx tubular or campanulate, the lobes usually shorter than the tube.
Pedicels bracteate; peduncles usually several-flowered.
Calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-dentate______________ 6. BERENDTIA.,
Calyx campanulate, 5-lobate____...-____________ 7. HEMICHAENA.
Pedicels ebracteate, 1-flowered____________._____________ 8. DIPLACUS.
1. LEUCOPHYLLUM Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 95. 1809.
Low shrubs, the pubescence of branched hairs; leaves alternate, entire;
pedicels solitary in the leaf axils; calyx 5-cleft; corolla funnelform-campanu-
late, purple, the 5 lobes rounded, subequal; stamens 4.
The species listed are the only ones known.
Leaves green, glabrate.
Corollasilenes clabrous within... 22s os eh Sh lig 1. L. pringtlei.
PIPEOM a RODES VELLOUS: Within 2° 2. ube! Je 2. L. laevigatum.
Leaves densely stellate-tomentulose, whitish.
Corolla rather broadly campanulate, the lobes nearly equaling the tube.
3. L. texanum.
Corolla narrowly campanulate, the lobes one-third to one-half as long as
the tube.
Weavessacite: or attentuate iat base 9 = 4. L. minus.
Leaves abruptly contracted and usually rounded at base.
: 5. L. ambiguum.
1. Leucophyllum pringlei (Greenm.) Standl.
Fazxonanthus pringlei Greenm. Trees & Shrubs 1: 23. pl. 12. 1905.
Puebla; type collected on limestone hills near Tehuacan.
Shrub, 30 to 60 em. high; leaves linear or spatulate-linear, 1.5 em. long or
less, acute or obtuse; sepals about 8 mm. long; corolla dark purple, 2 to 2.5
em. long, barbate in the throat.
2. Leucophyllum laevigatum Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected between Ramos and Inde, Durango (Nelson 4689; U. S. Nat.
Herb. no. 332744).
Young branches densely and finely stellate-tomentose; leaves oblanceolate-
spatulate, 1 to 2 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, rounded or emarginate at apex,
attenuate to a very short petiole, sparsely stellate-puberulent when young but
soon glabrous; sepals linear, 2 to 3 mm. long; corolla narrowly campanulate,
1.5 em. long, the lobes villous-barbate within, nearly as long as the tube;
capsule about 6 mm. long.
1306 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. Leucophyllum texanum Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 344. 1846.
Coahuila, Nuevo Le6én, and Tamaulipas. Western Texas; type from Laredo.
Shrub, sometimes 2.5 meters high, densely stellate-tomentulose throughout ;
leaves mostly obovate, 2.5 em. long or less, obtuse or rounded at apex, acute
at base, sessile or nearly so; sepals lanceolate; corolla 1.8 to 2.5 em. long.
“ Cenizo”’ (Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Texas); ‘palo cenizo”’ (Nuevo Ledén) ;
“hierba del cenizo” (Coahuila).
The plant is employed locally as a remedy for fever and ague. It is probably
this species which was mentioned by Berlandier* as occurring in Texas where
it was known as “cenicilla.” Berlandier states that an infusion of the leaves
was used by the Indians as a febrifuge. He proposed a new genus for the
plant and called it Teranea frutescens, in honor of General Mier y Teran, the
director of the expedition, but no formal description of the genus was published.
4. Leucophyllum minus A. Gray in Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 115. 1859.
Chihuahua to Nuevo Leén and Zacatecas. Western Texas and southern New
Mexico; type collected in Texas along the Pecos River.
Shrub, sometimes 1 meter high, finely stellate-tomentulose throughout; leaves
spatulate-obovate, 13 mm. long or less, rounded at apex; sepals linear; corolla
1.8 to 2.5 em. long, purple but often violet when dry.
5. Leucophyllum ambiguum Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 2: 95. pl. 109. 1809.
Leucophyllum campanulatum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. II. 5: 254. 1850.
Zacatecas to Hidalgo.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high, stellate-tomentose throughout; leaves petiolate,
orbicular or broadly elliptic, 2 em. long or less, rounded at apex; sepals lin-
ear-lanceolate; corolla about 1.5 em. long.
2. GHIESBREGHTIA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 629. 1873.
A single species is known.
1. Ghiesbreghtia grandiflora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 630. 1873.
Chiapas (type locality). Guatemala.
Tree, 7.5 meters high or less; leaves alternate, petiolate, elliptic or elliptic-
oblong, 3 to 6.5 em. long, obtuse, coarsely crenate above the middle, acute at
pase, pubescent; flowers solitary in the leaf axils; calyx 5-parted, the lobes
linear or oblong, obtuse; corolla yellowish, about 6 cm. long, bilabiate, the
upper lip erect, bilobate, the lower 3-parted; stamens 2; capsule 2 to 2.5 cm.
jong.
38. GALVEZIA Dombey; Juss. Gen. Pl. 119. 1789.
Plants suffrutescent; leaves mostly opposite, entire; flowers axillary or sub-
racemose, red; calyx small, 5-parted; corolla tubular, the upper lip erect, bilo-
bate, the lower lip trifid; stamens 4.
heaves) linearsor :oblong:lineara=445~ seas! 8 yt ee ee eee 1. G. juncea.
Leaves oval,to lanceolates:==s> —.=—-==2— 3 Ae es eee 2. G. glabrata.
1. Galvezia juncea (Benth.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 311. 1887.
Maurandia juncea Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 41. 1844.
Saccularia veatchii Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 17. 1863.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Shrub 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches terete, glabrous; leaves 1 em. long or
‘less, glabrous, soon deciduous; pedicels glandular-puberulent or glabrous;
corolla 3 em. long, short-pilose ; capsule 6 to 8 mm. long, erect.
1 Diario de viage de la Comisién de Limites, p. 276. 1850.
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1307
2. Galvezia glabrata T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 167. 1903.
Southern Baja California; type from San Felipe.
Plants suffrutescent, the branches sometimes scandent; leaves often ternate,
petiolate, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse or acute, glabrous; pedicels glabrous; corolla
2 to 8 cm. long; capsule often cernuous.
Galvezia speciosa pubescens T. S. Brandeg.* is a pubescent plant which is
probably a form of this species.
4, PENTSTEMON Schmidel, Icon. Pl. 2. 1762.
Shrubs or more commonly herbs; leaves opposite, entire or dentate; flowers
showy, the peduncles usually branched and arranged in terminal thrysiform
panicles; calyx 5-parted; corolla bilabiate, the upper lip bilobate, the lower
trifid; perfect stamens 4.
Numerous herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
Leaves linear or nearly so.
Corry ees UNN Ow 1 OTT TG Ch Haves se Sw ee Pn 1. P. pinifolius.
CWorollads ent somes. pin kee a ae eee ee ee 2. P. linarioides.
Leaves oblong to broadly ovate.
Leaves cordate or subcordate at base__________-____-_---__ 8. P. cordifolius.
Leaves acute at base.
COrollay tub ular ee eae a a ee ad 4. P. baccharifolius.
Corolla funnelhtormi st ee See se Rs A ee 5. P. antirrhinoides,
1. Pentstemon pinifolius Greene, Bot. Gaz. 6: 218. 1881.
Northeastern Sonora. Southern Arizona and New Mexico; type collected
near Clifton, Arizona.
Plants woody below, about 30 cm. high; leaves narrowly linear, 2.5 cm. long
or less, glabrous, very numerous and somewhat crowded, entire; corolla tu-
bular, the lips short.
2. Pentstemon linarioides A. Gray in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 112.
1859.
Northeastern Sonora and mountains of Baja California. Western Texas
to Arizona and Utah; type from Organ Mountains, New Mexico.
Plants often woody below, 30 cm. high or less; leaves about 1 em. long,
crowded, entire, minutely puberulent; corolla funnelform.
3. Pentstemon cordifolius Benth. Scroph. Ind. Introd. 7. 1835.
Northern Baja California. Southern California.
Plants suffrutescent, the stems long and subscandent, finely puberulent ;
leaves sessile or short-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 4 em. long or less,
acute, serrate or denticulate, scabrous-puberulent; corolla tubular, bright red,
2.0 to 4 em. long.
4, Pentstemon baccharifolius Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 4627. 1852.
Pentstemon baccharifolius schaffneri Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 448.
1882.
San Luis Potosi. Western Texas.
Plants suffrutescent, 60 cm. high or less, the branches glabrous or puberulent ;
leaves sessile or petiolate, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 5 em. long or less, obtuse,
entire or serrate, usually glabrous; corolla deep red, 2.5 to 3 em. long.
7 Zoe 5: 167. 1903.
1308 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
5. Pentstemon antirrhinoides Benth.; A. DC. in DC. Prodr. 10: 594. 1846.
Baja California. Southern California.
Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less, the branches puberulent or glabrous; leaves
elliptic to oblong, 1.5 em. long or less, entire or serrate; corolla yellow, 1.5
to 2.5 em. long.
5. RUSSELIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 6. 1760.
REFERENCE: Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 319-321. 1900.
Shrubs, the branches usually angulate; leaves opposite or verticillate, usu-
ally furnished with numerous resin glands; flowers red, mostly in cymes;
ealyx 5-cleft; corolla tubular, the limb somewhat bilabiate, 5-lobate, the lobes
rounded; stamens 4.
Stems 4-angulate.
Leaves entire.
Corollacabeut 18mm. long eee 1. R. subcoriacea.
Corolawabout 15 TI: Ons ee eee ae ae eee 2, R. campechiana.
Leaves crenate or serrate.
Stems with thin wings along the angles____-___________-_ 8. R. tetraptera.
Stems not winged.
Calyx lobes gradually attenuate, the tips not subulate; flowers 2 to 2.4
TRUS LON sie Sk et he i a sa 4. R. jaliscensis.
Calyx lobes with subulate tips; flowers 1.5 em. long or less.
eavesicordate. at bases =. 4. 228 2 Se ae ee 5. R. floribunda.
Leaves rounded to acute at base.
Larger leaves cuneate-attenuate at base__________-__ 6. R. cuneata.
Larger leaves rounded at base_-_--_--____-_____ 7. R. sarmentosa.
Stems terete or with 6 or more angles.
Stems glabrous or very minutely puberulent.
Peduncles filiform, much elongate and exceeding the bracts, 1 to 3-flow-
Pred eah 8 ed eee 8. R. equisetiformis.
Peduncles short, the primary ones shorter than the subtending leaflike
bracts, several or many-flowered.
Stems, at least the older ones, terete____________-____-_ 9. R. multifiora.
Stems conspicuously angulate.
Stems very minutely puberulent___~__—-_+_+-_-- == __ 10. R. obtusata.
Stems glabrous.
Corolla, 11 to 12, mm, long. 20 see 11. R. trachypleura.
Corolla 15sf0,1Simm) long s=— 4 ba ae eee 12. R. verticillata.
Stems tomentose or pilose, the hairs conspicuous.
Larger stems conspicuously angulate________-____-_____-_ 13. RB. polyedra.
Larger stems terete or nearly so.
TLGAVES, GMLING 2 == 22a oe ee eee 14. R. purpusii.
Leaves serrate or crenate.
Leaves cordate and clasping at base____--__-____ 15. R. rotundifolia.
Leaves obtuse or acute at base.
Corolla. 8" fo'9 mam. long2.. ete S ee eee eee 16. R. tepicensis.
@oroliaabout.14 nant: WON ee ee ee ee 17. R. pringlei.
1. Russelia subcoriacea Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 113. 1893.
. Type from Tamasopo Canyon, San Luis Potosi.
Plants glabrous; leaves very short-petiolate, ovate, 6 cm. long, acuminate,
lustrous above; calyx lobes acuminate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. 1309
2. Russelia campechiana Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Apazote, near Yohaltum, Campeche (Goldman 467; U. S. Nat.
Herb. no. 896830).
Stems quadrangular, glabrous; petioles 7 to 9 mm. long; leaves ovate, 5 to
7.5 em. long, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded at base, coriaceous, entire,
lustrous, glabrous; cymes many-flowered, equaling the leaflike bracts, short-
pedunculate; calyx lobes ovate, subulate-acuminate; corolla 13 mm. long, the
throat yellow-barbate.
3. Russelia tetraptera Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 33: 120. 1920.
Tepic; type collected near the city of Tepic.
Stems glabrous; leaves sessile or short-petiolate, deltoid-ovate, 7 cm. long or
less, acute or acuminate; corolla 8 to 10 mm. long.
4. Russelia jaliscensis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 319. 1900.
Jalisco to Mexico; type from barranca near Guadalajara.
Stems glabrous; leaves rhombic-ovate or ovate, 3 cm. long or less, petiolate,
thin, sparsely pubescent or glabrate; peduncles 2 or 3-flowered.
5. Russelia floribunda H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 359. 1817.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type collected between Rio Papagallo and Venta de
. Tierra Colorada.
Stems glabrous or pubescent; leaves subsessile, rounded-ovate, obtuse or
acute, 7.5 cm. long or less, coarsely crenate; corolla 1 cm. long.
Russelia syringaefolia Schlecht. & Cham.,* described from Papantla, Vera-
cruz, is a closely related plant and perhaps synonymous.
6. Russelia cuneata Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 613. 1909.
Michoacan or Guerrero to Oaxaca; type from El Ocote.
Plants suffrutescent, about 1 meter high, the branches glabrous; leaves
sessile or short-petiolate, ovate or rhombic-ovate, obtuse, crenate; corolla about
1 em. long.
7. Russelia sarmentosa Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 25. 1760.
Veracruz and Yucatan. Central America; Cuba.
Stems glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, broadly ovate, 5 cm. long or less,
acute, subcoriaceous, coarsely crenate-serrate; corolla about 1 cm. long.
“Lluvia de coral” (Nicaragua).
8. Russelia equisetiformis Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 377. 1831.
Russelia juncea Zuce. Flora 18327: Beibl. 99. 1832.
Sinaloa (perhaps only cultivated) to Veracruz; type from Papantla, Vera-
eruz. Guatemala.
Plants glabrous, herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves small, ovate or lanceo-
late, caducous; inflorescence much branched; corolla usually 2 cm. long.
“Arete de la cocinera” (Veracruz) ; ‘“lluvia de coral;” ‘ coralillo;” “ lluvia
de fuego,” ‘ coralitos” (Colombia).
A rather showy plant, common in cultivation in tropical and subtropical re-
gions.
9. Russelia multiflora Sims in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 1528. 1818.
Russelia paniculata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 122: 19. 1845.
Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Guatemala.
Plants suffrutescent, 1.5 meters high or less; leaves short-petiolate, ovate,
6 em. long or less, often ternate, acuminate; corolla about 1 cm. long. “Sa-
poyolillo”’ (Chiapas, Seler).
*Linnaea 6: 376. 1831.
1310 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
10. Russelia obtusata Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 338: 119. 1920.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacan, Puebla.
Stems with much thickened, obtuse angles; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or
elliptic, 3 cm. long or less, obtuse, crenate or serrate, obtuse or acute at base;
calyx lobes acute; corolla 12 to 14 mm. long.
11. Russelia trachypleura Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 474. 1901.
Type from Sierra de Tepoxtlan, Morelos, altitude 2,250 meters.
Stems 6-angulate, the angles roughened by small callosities; leaves short-
petiolate, opposite or ternate, elliptic-ovate, 3 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute,
serrate; calyx lobes caudate-acuminate.
12. Russelia verticillata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 360. 1817.
Russelia deamii Robinson, Proce. Amer. Acad. 36: 474. 1901.
Chihuahua and Durango to Guerrero and Morelos; type from Puente de la
Madre de Dios. Central America.
Stems 6-angulate; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or elliptic, 2.5 cm. long or less,
obtuse or acute, thin, serrate, glabrous or villous.
Russelia deamii is a form with villous leaves. It may be specifically distinct,
but it seems more probable that it is only a form of R. verticillata.
13. Russelia polyedra Zucc. Abh. Akad. Wiss. Muenchen 2: 328. 1832-36.
Russelia retrorsa Greene, Pittonia 1: 176. 1888. :
Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Central
America.
Plants suffrutescent, 2.5 meters high or less, the stems 6-angulate, sparsely or
densely pubescent; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 6 ecm. long
or less, acute, rounded to acute at base; corolla about 1.5 cm. long. ‘“ Hierba
de la suefia’’ (Tamaulipas) ; ‘ coral de la playa,” ‘ coral” (Oaxaca).
It is probable that the proper name for this species is R. ternifolia H. B. K.+
The description of that species agrees well with R. polyedra except that the
leaves are described as larger than in any specimens seen by the writer.
14. Russelia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 385. 1918.
Type from Banos del Carrizal, Veracruz.
Branches densely pubescent; leaves ovate, 6.5 cm. long or less, acuminate,
subecordate at base, short-petiolate, pubescent beneath; calyx lobes ovate,
subulate-acuminate; corolla about 1.5 cm. long.
15. Russelia rotundifolia Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 9. pl. 415. 1799.
Guerrero.
Shrub, the branches densely pubescent; leaves reniform to rounded-ovate,
sessile, 8 cm. long or less, obtuse or rounded at apex, coriaceous, densely
pubescent beneath and with prominent and reticulate venation; corolla about
1 em. long.
16. Russelia tepicensis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 321. 1900.
Russelia furfuracea T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 219. 1905.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Zopilote, Tepic.
Stems striate, densely pubescent; leaves sessile or short-petiolate, mostly
ternate, ovate to rounded-ovate, 4.5 cm. long or less, obtuse, rounded to acute
at base, crenate or serrate; flowers in short dense cymes.
17. Russelia pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 26. 1907.
Guerrero; type from limestone cliffs of Iguala Canyon, altitude 750 meters.
Plants 1 to 2 meters high, the stems densely pubescent, striate; leaves short-
petiolate, ovate, 1 to 1.5 em. long, acute, serrate, densely glandular beneath;
cymes short, few-flowered.
1 Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 359. 1817.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO. Sie
6. BERENDTIA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 379. 1868.
Shrubs; leaves opposite, entire or toothed; peduncles axillary, 1 to 5-flow-
ered; calyx tubular-campanulate, 5-dentate, 5-costate; corolla tube ampliate
above, the limb bilabiate, the lobes spreading; stamens 4.
The species listed are the only ones known.
] PAIGE! AEN oh OU ESE ee ee gee Re a ee ae 1. B. levigata.
Plants copiously pubescent.
Redunclesmosthyr7o tO. D-1nOWeCheG= a ot eee eee 2. B. coulteri.
Peduncles 1-flowered.
BONNET Srercor CO eo CLT MLO Thee ere eee ee eer mee 3. B. rugosa.
HNOWEerSh ADOUL MOC HlOM Stam ere ere ee oe ee eee 4. B. spinulosa.
1. Berendtia levigata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 39. 1896.
Puebla; type from Tehuacan.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves ovate-elliptic to lance-oblong, 4.5 em.
long or less, short-petiolate, acute, dentate above the middle; peduncles 1-
flowered; corolla about 4 cm. long, orange with crimson spots.
2. Berendtia coulteri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 380. 1868.
The type locality is not stated by Gray; Hemsley gives it as “‘ Zimapin and
San Blas to Guadalajara.”
Leaves oblong or obovate, nearly entire; corolla tube scarcely exserted from
the calyx, the limb about 12 mm. broad.
3. Berendtia rugosa (Benth.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 380. 1868.
Diplacus rugosus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 368. 1846.
Berendtia ghiesbrechtii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 380. 1868.
Chiapas.
Plants villous; leaves ovate or obovate-oblong, 3.5 cm. long, crenate-dentate
above the middle; corolla tube 3 times as long as the calyx; corolla “ scarlet.”
4. Berendtia spinulosa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 159. 1890.
Known only from the Sierra Madre near Monterrey, Nuevo Leén, on lime-
stone ledges.
Much-branched shrub, glandular-hispidulous throughout; leaves _ linear-
eblanceolate to elliptic-oblong, acute or obtuse, sessile or short-petiolate, en-
tire or with a few obscure teeth, the margins revolute; corolla yellow.
7. HEMICHAENA Benth. Vl. Hartw. 78. 1841.
A single species is known.
1. Hemichaena fruticosa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 78. 1841.
Leucocarpus fruticosus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 336. 1846.
Oaxaca and Chiapas. Central America; type from Quezaltenango, Guate-
mala.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, about 1 meter high, viscid-villous, the
branches terete; leaves opposite, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 12 cm.
long or less, acute or acuminate, sessile and clasping, dentate; flowers in
few-flowered pedunculate axillary cymes; calyx campanulate, 5-lobate, scarcely
angulate; corolla about 4 cm. long, the tube broad, the limb 5-lobate, bilabiate ;
stamens 4.
1812 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
8. DIPLACUS Nutt. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 137. 1838.
Shrubs; leaves opposite, entire or toothed; flowers axillary, solitary, large
and showy; calyx tubular, 5-angulate, obliquely 5-dentate; corolla funnelform,
the limb bilabiate, the upper lip bilobate, the lower 3-lobate; stamens 4.
The species of this genus are often placed in Mimulus.
Conor de 2 ee En i eS ee 1. D. puniceus.
Corollay yellow:= 222523222 ek ee eee 2. D. longiflorus.
1. Diplacus puniceus Nutt. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 187. 1838.
Northern Baja California, ranging from sea level to 900 meters. Southern
California; type collected near San Diego.
Shrub, about a meter high; leaves sessile, linear to linear-oblong, 6 em. long
or less, entire or serrate, glutinous and sometimes sparsely pubescent beneath ;
flowers pedicellate, the calyx glabrous or nearly so; corolla 3.5 to 4.5 em. long.
2. Diplacus longiflorus Nutt. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 189. 1838.
Diplacus stellatus Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 18. 1868.
Diplacus arachnoideus Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 210. 1885.
Baja California. Southern California; type from Santa Barbara.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves linear to ovate-oblong, 5 cm. long or less,
sessile or short-petiolate, entire or nearly so, usually with sparse pubescence
of branched hairs beneath; calyx often villous; corolla 3.5 to 5.5 em. long.
INDEX
{Synonyms in italics]
Page. Page.
NGS eee pel Seed SU Ae PN AR PSY SERIAL ERM Brat | oN) £1 SE oe A ee ee eae eke 1150
JA ORWL [280s es pees ee eee 851 Plan COs oo a en 1149
PAN ACHIaiGle te seen yen ee eee en eee see ee 1032) PRAM Alerilloy so < 2 e ee eee .- 860, 862
PANLISUIYELG eee res RST Rs es ten eee as 1032 | Alfombrilla hedionda-.-....-.---------------- 1249
PANTRO) Ose ee ee Be on en ea aed ke 8751 PA godoneillos-*2 4222225222 ae ee eee 1168
PAIGE OCOLOUS sae ne tae en ee O06: ||PvANi coches: 2524s - 35> 4822 sho fae swe be OSES 924, 929
PSCOMICHOMEE Sateen Meee et Nees see ea 140 | PA Pam ara a ee ee es a 2 eee 1148
LACGET TERS IL Uo sae, ah So Sa Re I te Pao LOS TRIOS OM AAISpiCe seen eet oat Dae See ees 1037
JNGETITUOI Ch eke 2 St a 1IS2+ RCA end rast ne taowe eae a eee oS 1030
AMEN SDSS Sig Se eo 1119 Govla Indias sso eee eee reese 1030
COTA SEGE Gat nico Ligeia De ate ete en nieat THQS> WAT IMONGn Ore ae ee eee ee eee 1030
ARETTETIUOR cette eee ee ee LEZ RA mendron. Stet te eee ee ee ee 1030
CURT LECIES ee A Rena k ks Sle ot os wm sd Me 1118 BI VESEEG oe ee ae te on eet eee 1115
_Salicifolia Pee ctl pal ein alo Sx yee St LOT ANTON GEO TR eee oe eae ee 1030, 1115
AG) AES SO EE ee eee eae heen O52F aA ei CHILO Sea ee ee ne Ree 1284
PAMGISATECUIET A nce ens oe ia ey alee ade LOLS Almonds ind arise ree etme eee re 1030
CHAT a kes lala tence ed RP Tove 1052: |) Wopeigces secs cane huh sean 1244
Acitz eS een sont en a ee 1523) iret idire seek ne oo are ain yy ae 1131
PANGMIS GUSH: 30 sas o52 Soca onesesas acetate oe 1288s OAT Cai SAeh ee eed ae el Waa en Ree ee 1245
PNCOUCE noes Soe wae es afoot ees SS L206) HR Aria crpalili les eo eee ae eee ee 1220
Actimpatli Soeptee ef betwee Re ee eas 1163 FeXvOob OV oes Nis a ee le Lye yh Bm gh py 1152
PANTO ANG Deets iy a eas ee SRL, es das 1077, 1073, 1079 TUTE CS a are en Oe eo tet 1149
PSA peed apply ope Ir oe eet aa NST SOBYE Wl Wi reatteye dutiqerie eee yaa ys REESE bce 1232
MADE i amsean sen eee aac sh ues Ae eT 1140 DUIS bats ores a neta ae Gro Rens eee oeee 1219
BANSR Nile ot areas Oe oe oh LOLS Atrinpolarsn eu 29> 2 Malet Sunlie heya A sae en 1149
SN GVE CEs eS a RS Rme bee dey 11) SEhS 1237 | amapola de Venus_------------------------- 1149
PLOTS OAN CO aie kes ee 2 of ee Ae Aindrillowe) sot in eed ee eee ee 1024
NOUAG ON Sees ae eos ML 2B EA) AbnatiNos oc ee ee 1154, 1155, 1298
DAG) oy ee ee easier Bee EPO sL x5 E253. | Mm blyamthenGnc.! = eee) hee 1162, 1165
PCOS Oa OES SCN ee a a M25 2a |< Aarne OCCA ce eee Te 1157
PME Mee eerse rs. 22 toe Ee se oe LOSS connate ye ns See cue eee 1148
PPTL O Mets eon oa te LAAN ME | Kn cahuita 0. eee re ae Cee 1220
PATIO OGO ea ap Sen A a E2254 IM epali ites a eee 1220, 1221, 1227
mle MammalaniO a ooo eee ace LOG Ar acahuitlestes ek ce 1220
EAU OL OY eaten onan Se ee A236 8h Amechuita 20 ee ee ee 1221
Awuinaldo deyPascua—_—---_ 02 eas 1208); 5: Mantras Sees es A ne bowie tees oh ees ewan 1227
FAUT ALD UTM NewS os kt oes BS 2 ae BISON | ra ia ec Sree en eine Tae Ane eames 1227
AUTORCAW IDALO- 2s = ese ee LS 10885 |) Gnipnonis soe oe nee ees 1041
Alwancatillo-2 22S! 2-2-2. Se 1281 ih A icistrocactuS?:2 2. eee 956
Anhuilote Pah S Soh eso sks eee e sews eS 1236) ar omedice Oe ee enemas 1091
Aile 2c e ne ee eee 1099 A rizarillaeeet oe et et eteeneeeeR Ae Tee er 1032
Aje demsioue =~ 22-2239. 2 so ees TOPE eS Aa Ary ee oo re en es ha 931, 932
LUNG OLS aoa = ae em tT Se See LORS Aninaid wee So ne den s eae hae Loe a ES 1198
PTD ROMAC IGS Sees 2 sess ee ee 1092 CATER ea he tet ee ge Re See 1199
JE SO 2) 01: eas ea ee nse ors ye LAE Arh eric kee seen nd nie Om oe 1026
SLO SIE CS ee RAO 12ie lt Ants wOOd ee ee to ee ee ee 1117
RCIA ET ONS se nes 2 eee ee ee Laie | PApencholoase.2 een = oe ee 1021
PRO MtCSee ars at eee 1272 | Apocynaceae-_------------------------------- 1147
Silwestnen 662-2 0 eh Le are 1272) |) A pocynuimM..<-622==-<- 40 -—- === 3 -3--—==—= 1148
PANIC AGT ae ee a A et 861 cordatum._-.----------------------------- 1161
PMipiandrin eee ots 150s) p AtpOrocACtUse. eos. ees eee ee 916
VI INDEX.
Page.
Pei git th: Vapeer ett tects M7 ee LA SOP a) ee En SBME eda Ee 1080
Arbor ed Ste ER OEE: 1083
CODON Sto A ode pd AN FL ri cP 1082
CCHATIO DSPs ese ee ed es 8 1083
PT TELCOSID see eee ae tae et ed 1084
DOI Re eee See me ca Se Ns Oe 1082
ATES) GLUTEN 2 eet ae SN Bo 1084
LGA DT nd ES NES SPELT 1084
PUL DIO TISES pe et ess ane Spat Lats Se ent 1083
PASTS RCC TG eee Sin wren gst Bhan t CEs og hd 1080
Ar HoMae is DIDMSSUN =. no = 1285
(COE Sik RS af J na ears SrA Tee eee ee 1251
PERL ADEs == 440 Ghee Ae ee. Sa 1278
GU RINSe 3 ane Sk Aa iteal oe ENN Sig SR 1219
GMI CTIO! = a ee 1205
delivenados: 41. NU ee en ae ee 1205
ASD OUR GUIS 2 24s US iene aes alba Dee ee aaa! 1099
IS COLOT = en = ae Ss ea 1095
ATOLOSLA DD VIOS. = se aoe ee fe PURE EK ae 1094
AO SUHOL AS ok 98 he ee ot he 1096
Ci EROy ee) Ae aS a Eee Whe ae FOE, 1095
LETTE ee eee ee Se ee 1096
RICOLORE see Lhe te et en ee Ee Ee 1097
CASCLULATINS oe ete er a en) ea et 1097
(EDERAL 5 WSS Sans i yeaa te Ray ag lh 1096
ESCO R Rete ee ern oe te nie dae 1095
MUVETSUGLAt Set ee a 52k) ES ee 1096
(OE ISTE TCE he Se ae para ey hl a mE ye SEO 1098
ETL TOLAT ie sak, A eg nse og Dh in RAL OE LO 1096
[ed ENYCE se A Es aE aE De ee 1097
SIBTICCSCRIIS 245. tees, pon tee ee 1096
ROS LIVODUOT oe te ok Re 1097
ENTE ES OR ET? Seale epee’ Meret ea SORE 1097
PRU OU oe nn ee ene ere en po 1097
PEGA OUR eee Sk ey ee 1097
HOH COIAS sats Li EE Se, es 1096
atc to ee eS Ce Re rer 1095
RYEDTI ON ae ea oY eg Aah ae Se 1097
EGR TN UT Ele ee aly ee 1097
RTPUCT ONG ETE She oe es Ey er 1097
TELL eS Pe SS EP AT OE ec aire eee ns 1095
MOCHISUANONSIS= 20... 2222 ee ee 1096
NOG ae tots (Ud eee EE eS RR Sh ORES eh De alates 29 Se! 1097
OP POStMOLIA 57325 Se sees ee pe 1095
jor0) E112) tr ES ST SE Ee aie Oe, 1097
PY ORG LC en ee pe nse et 2 Ee 1098
DUTP CHS oe sees oe elie se 1098
PUDOS URIS oe PES Oncaea ed 1096
ROVUTARLOSIE. 3 54 Sete oe ee RR Pe oe 1095
ROTHOUGGSH = oe ho ere de ee 1098
WEMECI AT = pu cre, At ue es ee ge 1097
PT A RO Le ee SB el Sone AS 1109, 1110
BT RELE OST Suis Be RS eee ue a ge te 1109
PITIOIUTUL ss * Ue 5 pees ee ae RL ee COLE 1110
COURT CSB) es SYR La Nn 1110
CLOMIDELEIA. ent a eee oe ee 1110
CACTI AE TRONS CS MINDS Sires 1111
BSCIETLO THOULES == eee ee” AS 1109
ROVING ONG 25> ee oe 1109
PiCDINUN TANS Se 6 Se ee ee 1110
(SVT Teen SMR ae ADS Ee eee Sedge eel 1109
ITELELTIORLICH 5 ~ Sy?) eg See ee lh Pn ieee 1111
PIRQTESCEMS Hee oP 0 Sd 2 1109
ECULTAI Fo) ts aes 1110
TEARIIAS 1100 heer te ene PS Rs, ER Res 1110
PICKER tee ae SO) aa ee ee 1109
Page.
Andi sig TevOlih 2A inne al 1109
CODD a2 22 oo) ee Ok ee LO ee 1109
Tg BTL) Maes ll ee es BAAN ed Dy i Rs ta bg eae a 1111
SPC Cres PN Ns eee 1109
Arete dole: cocivienay= 20022 y= seer eee 1309
PAT OLIN Oe ese Ss a eee 1077, 1078, 1079
PATO UN ase ne el NE ee 1205
ATIOCAPDUS. .6 222. 22. ol se ee ete 931
ATOR 28 Se Oe eS ee 854
Arrayans 22.32 1035, 1038, 1092, 1093, 1101, 1108, 1109
ODO} sss ee ee 1108
JATUDTOSTeMI a: ek 22 Oi ree eg 1049
COLCOTOHIN ee LY 1057
CLUUT wae O r a ee ee 1052
Asclepiadacksevsc so 2 YS ee eee 1166
Asclepias § 22522 326 ser cae ie 1168
JOCUMG San oe no ee ee ee 1179
MACE ODUYU. «rit en ee ee ee 1181
ASD. Toe ee ae ee ee er ee 1133
PASTING a oe ee Le ee eee 851
ASDIGOSPERMIA- 2... 1157
Asta es. Cee ee ee ee 1221
AStephanus Pen ee Ee ee es 1168
TMUCTONMUBS! 8 2S o- = a 1176
Astromeds: — 7... <2 J Se 1026
Astronomics ==. - 22-0202. eee 1026
Astrophy tum. = "2. Ua ey ee 954
Atabsibse o= 225. oe ee 1149
Ateiet. 2 eS ae ee ee 1222
DIANCG: 2 ee eee 1218
‘Atelioamarillo: os 22 et Cos ee ee 1218
Atemmmathi= - 2.0 c82 re Se eee ree eee 1163
Abextichil: = 20s a eee 1079
Athennen sie nS a eee 1302
Admosiorg= 2-00) 1.2 Sa See eo eee 1026
Atmiosf6ries= 22.2 8 eee 1026
AtUEO 5-322 en yn ee ee 1236
Atzapolquahiith=. --. 2) oe eee 1121
‘Adzanotl: 2525 es A eee 1121
Atzapotiquahuitl..)= eee 1120
Mechbertig- <i. 1 5 ae ee 1255, 1256
Agieenmnia. =.) i Se eee 1251
UNOra DOU: 255i 8 De See ee ee eee 1092
AXDCODACONE: == 2 Be Sy ee ee 1102
‘AxOconpaqdue =). ee eee 1092
Awafran so soe SR 1144
Welieamposss 0. (ss sae 1144
Agafrancillo= 32: 2252. =}. = eee ee 1144
Agafranile=. 7252 5. ee 1144
Agabar del monte..2.- 32 ee eee 1130
Avalea.de la -barranca:.-_--=—_ ae 1202
Apra-caballo--2: 3S 7s) ees Sees 1224, 1242
Aigiieeng 253 ee 8 1149
Badsila 52 2 ee ee 1107, 1108
Bandera. mexicanas (22282 eae 1266
Banderntlia*=- 225 = ee 1212
Barbados: czoosceberry. -2 25. eee eee 859
aT bascOet 2-2 6s or Se eee 1104, 1106
Battie 3 Se eee 1220
Banos: 52 2.5 Pees i See ee ee 1204
Berrel'cactys 2-2... ee 940
Barreta china. >. 2h eace es ee eee 1134
Barischellas- = "9 eee ee 973
iBasistelma= os Posse oe ee ee 1176
Page.
PASSO VIS See iar teaeA CRE II 1303
LTTE OTE ee eT ee ees 1204, 1206
LEO Ce aS on ee eee tee et es 1036
LG Se ee ee eens eens eee eee 907
[si] a Grit ee oe or ree ee 1117, 1118
BES at tc to on nee 1227
[BCC as he rsa eee 1227
DE CL ere oe ow ee en Nee 1091
1S) 3{S7T AUT; yk ee a ee arene ee eS S| 855
PB ONICOI DIAN CO x52 oe 1202
Gelesballost See ee oe ep 1237
COV OCH G2 sere et oe tn A 1171
RN TNT NSN apa hh eh tt slit en Pare Le AO 1232
LSA oeybe (see ee eee ee OL ee ese 1032
(6 Gj OST 6 Ce Re eee es 1170
CLOVER CO Snes eae ae a nl he eee 1201
LS GED ACO es oe wn i gre ot te oe oe 1201
LOGON OSs ne ee en ne ee 1032
LO SVC ie nn Bh wn 9 tA 1201
OI COMORT OR 3 so. 5s cee 1223
NRO ea Se nto Sr es BRO ea 1113
Belladonna montés i. es 1304
LEUCINE 3 ok OS eet eee Rees se 1073
Ci en ee Oe ae eee Sere STAT 1129
ESCOLA 1157
BESESCOTS (0 les he ts re ad 1311
Berenjena_1289, 1295, 1296, 1298, 1299, 1300, 1301, 1302
CLINALROD Rae 8s ee 1296, 1299, 1301
denmanini bO=c-s--oa-2 = se hee ee eee 1299
GWA OMIA sat ee ee eens el SY 1296
BV OSGEO 3 sesso aac oe 1300
LE GST O10) Ve a on ee eet 1299
BOFPerocactUsS...4- <5 -=s2-S2eecasoeeree 901
TORE ACOs apateater sit nat ra lease) tn 1155, 1156
GLE Crs ee ee ae 1155
LS TEC fs TN Oe ASR ase eee 8 1128
IE PO a eS ee a By 1084
Bipwouia sempervirens. = eee 1141
TSUN eae es cee a te eee ame edad epee 1172
IBsexetaGGapisnore== 9852 955
ESRRELX ee errr we cake we ed 227 Eb ete ws Sou A A Baas 1297
JY CAT CC i ee 940, 943, 944, 946, 954
BENE TT gs eh es 953
MOOLOT AG Mee a ee sae ah ie Pa 942
BeOS LOTR ears a snap oh Sa 947, 949
Morchilloshe a= wot eee Se et, 982
LONCHIL OSS A oy ont oie oA 948
GENG De Eee eS ae oe See Tee 954
MICICSLLODAIO eee ho eee 955
(Gia btea | ees eee Sere ene eS | 949
GUS Tey: oe SE Se ee he ere pare Sa 5, 949
ESPINOSA Hee eee ee 949
Banc huGae sae: ons 8 iy wef at ed oe 948, 949
PACIONCH Oe ee Ao he 954
PBSIAM ACTING tee Se fs es 975
Bingk nightshade sso ey 1297
SE ac Se ee ae SOEs rien Se eee were 1255
[S1 def Ae Eo ee eee Ae heen eg Say 1073
BES pa PAT GO NN St ge a i eg 1116
DLCTAUOLIUIT eet ey Ft 1179
IBIMeD OUT Ya ie ae 1101
Peprad i yes aes a) tcl ae li 1101
IBS OCATICIIA Se eh Bae en 1252
IB GCOUC Seren eerie elt | hy oi et ee 1219
LEGO ye tes Sele a cack 2 Dik ng es Sy eee a pay 1220
VII
Page.
FES GRIMY aie te sete re 8 XY, Casi Seen RO 1218
LATICO seers tre Ey MAP Ac ee et a ee 1218
MLlCLOn Sse sy Seen Peel etn ee eas AOE 1218
BOD OTD ESS Sorat SAU Bend eae: PER 1137, 1138
Bolsa: dewudss2 see oe ears tae eens 1284
BONE OYCOSDEnIVU 224 as es pat nn ee eee 1206
IS OTET ZA 5b a was oonee ence hy ee iN oN Se oreo 1128
BOM Zara keer AP erm eee ee eee 1126
ONCLG See yt na amn aoe Oe 5 ert he 98 850, 853, 955
IBOHDIAN Cin eas et : aera 1 See von ee eer eee ae 1213
Boragetiamilys esse l Hasna kerri ee eae 1216
BOraginacenetee sess verte nhs wanes? See 1216
IBOLEACHerO ae ae sae tins ek ee eee eee ese 1285
ONT a Bis es eee rt es feet rong Ad ee 1234
Botoncalitsw + 1s sro ta.00> pened eoere 1029
Boron cis ++.k an <> waht Wee ee a, 1029
BOUSTOLIA ASN sabes.» sh cangn \eay eke ares eae 1224
IBTACHISHUS4 eae weirs eee vg ean eee Neer, 1302
BYACINO seen os Fre ey Arte le ee Bec 1130
ESTAS ES 2 SS ce BE Ae Os De 1083
Brayodendrony ee ns ea ee eee 1127
Brazilianstea=- soe teens anes ere ee ee 1243
dB) Re) 2) ob Fe Nee eee ap ecg a 1194
BTU G MIRE TTS Le eet Sm Poe SOR Oa A ane Se a 1284
ESTO. ee > perenne Fry wae Se 1223
15 BKCTI RO ee ee Sea etm ap Sete a Og 1030
SUC ees i eS et ER OTR 1030
BUG CIC Lae Aesshs antes wires Hn Se Ne 1143
DD CU ha en eA rere eee 1147
COTA ES RAE E Oe PE! SP ea fee 1146
SUTI OTA CATIA = Siete een ee eee eee 1146
DOT DOL Rte err meen a ee Ran ae ae se 1145
Callicurpinides ss a a ere 1146
Chapa ania es ween. 2 20 Stes ve eee ere 1144
COLOR GE 1 Aer ene eee 1146
ELOLOHOIG GS sees ete ee ae eee 1146
CECTUT CNIS ee eae ee eee 1146
Oi p tice ASN ee ONE eles eerie 1146
HoCCOSH see ae ee ee 1146
LOvIDU NES stra ee eee ete 1146
ROC Se Oa eee oe a ee 1147
abr VOlaHO nd ee eee es 1146
ROTA UUL TALL Ta eee teagan eh Js ars fk AE | o, 1146
DOTCEOLOLIES 2 ene ae ee ee ee 1147
LEGAL STRAT os eo ee a ee 1147
7 IROL ODIVY LG 2 er ee eee 1146
TOa¥:Y cD VUE (OND 2 We cas Sey Die ele oe Ln eS 1144
NUCLAOU ONO aren ane a ee ee 1145
WECNODAY UM Ares. oe oe ee 1147
NO TELCO Oe nla ett ee eee 1147
TAL GT ee one eee et ee ee ee 1147
COAL LD F017 Ma Se Suet iy of he, eo AN hh 2 wl i Neg 1146
DAGVINOTAs cise et ee Cee eae to ee 1147
Toe] P40) Dez 2 Wesel yank ed My Bic ee ye kaye ee 1144
FU HLL 1c] Mil a edo ceca a Pra eG py ya He 1145
PTO TIVI ULLAL ren rae ee ee Oe 1146
PDS CULLOUET LICE eae ee 1145
RLACSCEN Sa ann eens en nee te er Bees 1146
SAT EM IOLISIS eee ese ARN Woy ee or oF NARS Beers 1144
SCORGIOIG ES Se a1 ee ee se a ee 1145
‘Sessiliflora = oe 1145
SUD en ies oe Se 1145
SDRC ETIL TENG oot ee ae ee 1144
UOILCTIOIG ES aks int eee ee ee ee 1147
tomentella:=*=2 3 4245 as oe eae 1145
Vill INDEX.
Page. Page.
Beale tuxtlica= 2 eas eee ee see 1145 | Cactus pseudomammillaris___.._____._-____-_- 999
CYA YE ST tN at ig ag Se ate sR ae nied ae ted 1147 RECUTOUS ele. Soc eae OD Pee ae ne 947
TET TACTILE aS te era ee ey eae ee 1145 SAIVECODS cone a a eee tee 955
SWRME TUR 2 sen ae ete eee Se 1144 BONES Fe ac en eget OR oe eee 890
IBTIBNE MO 7a See a ee eee eee Ieee 1278 SEPPETMINUs =o. eee So ee eee 905
ISTEP Se SOEs Say RE ee ee 1237 SEUSDIIUG soa nes ae ee ee 962
AE RETING lee ee eee gw eee ee Ea 1115 SDECIOSTSSVINUS 2! SO Se ees 908
TSYEUG ATE ET Leal if A age 1079 SDECLOSUIBUL ne Aes ea eee 908, 1011
TBR Moet See et a Re a eae Ros airy te 1115 Cy 1 (fen emgage 999
IBEIE PON WOO dest: ne tac cute heme DNL 2k eds 1029 LOMLENLOSUE oe ee Se ee ae 885
ALEK ES, MS SN RSE ASE Ta OUI 1031 tuimicativgs. oo eae 875
COD RIEESD ae ea AO) Eee JINSE I) Gaba non scr o. S oe ee a ee eee 865
CVE) OFS Vs EE SNE ae ea ala RB 2h | @abvicht: 2. 222) re 27 aie Se eee 1102
CHAT ee eee ee 940) | Cabiitz) 2-2 ose 2 ee 1102
OED) Ter oho ee SE peg ee ey gE RE Nar se Lib2 | Gammito--2 2) eS eee 1114
OAD ASCO! 3 et ee Wi42¢ | Gainillos 2. 222 2 ee 1067
apalyaxnic 2: owt ke ek Bee sre 1247 Galaminiha.- 2 ene eee 1273
(Oe Ter . SORE OMe tee Be eee 1154) |) Galaveritas<. 52 2 ee ee 1152
GADBZAsGOSVIG) ts ete Soa es ee 9620) Galeachuchi- 2-2 so Ss ee eee 1150
GB ViBlO! es 8 890, 897, 911, 925 Caldasia®..- 22 ee ee eee 1213
Gis] [2 See ta Rep eR, eae a ae, ORR Ge eRe SRLS Fn oe eae On |) Galifornia tuchsia=-— 22 ==) a= ee 1076
Brey eto ling eee ee ee ieee oe 1245: || Calg £2. oe Bs Se 2 ee 913
CF) ag hi (ke A i ee ee eee 1152) |) Gallicarpa oe. ies ee eee 1253
CET OT Ping SS Re ae Ue See ea eee 1240 JOAN T Calocarpum 2. oe oe 1120
(OPEN Tye C eo ee ES 2 ee eee E50) Galony ction 22325 oo ae ae See 1201
GGA Rind trl Ee a eee eee 1150 chenopadiifolitim=. = 2 ae 1208
(CNG Ee 00] 5 ee ee eae 1150 Calophysa 352% Ses ee eee ee 1070
CONTIN] ik he SA eae seh i en oped aE ee aot ee 883 | Calycorectes__...---- So ee 1033
LOG GN Gri rts ehal See eee ee ee eee See 1151. || Gaiyptranthes-<. 2. = = 222) 86. eee 1033
Cachaytim boss 22s he oe SS ee 1192) | "Galyptrella: 2-2-2 ee ees 1057
ORCI EE an re Nm i te eee as 1155; ||. Calyptropsidium 2262 = 20) 2s eee 1035
CECHO CG CHIV Osa 1159 Camnta. oo oe eRe Se a fs ee 1109
Ce VeNAGO Heels 2 ee a ee 1084) || Gamaceyo oo eee ees 1072
CRCPACERO een seer cin ee Ms ee a hae 855 DONEAG eo te ee ee a 1072
‘ONG pire ees ae eee eee at eek Semeee ote O14) IP Gamacher ss 2a ee 1152
CUCU Sree at ee rege 955} | @amaron- 3. 22s eo ee a ee eee 1074
BREN OCUa see = oS es ee ee 953) | OSM ase yoo. = a aa ee 1066, 1068, 1069
MNbiguus a 2252-2 -s2s-5~ 32-2 2senee= 905 de costilla--. =. 4... ee 1066
(iit ILUIN) ieee See lie ote aan ean. Soe AS 992° | G@anaaliat i © 2h tes ee es ere eee 1252
(aie): AOE Sa on es ee eee owe nee 890! ||| Gamote. coe eee 1203
DE OTUICQ CCN oe toe Sok se ee 82) | Caan a ce ee eer ee 1284
OT UNUOUR ot ales Se So a ee 960 | Campanilla____- 1152, 1198, 1199, 1208, 1204, 1208, 1285
(Clhit0 hg tes Bee eee ee eee 940 aimarilla: ether ee eee ees nes 1152
SOMAAT TL (ee LR ES See ee ae ae 863 lanes bd 828 ee et eh ok ek 1284
OU LETT TOUS Ae oe or Fe pei LOOLG) Gampanolas 8 ene e eae eee 1204
CENSSTNNUBS. en. ote weet 2 995...) @amipechtina ss 22s etn eee ie 1150
LED CBS UR oe crc ah Re 999'.1 | Camphire:..i-2 Soe eee 1025
ELT} RIS SEED Ste PN OR BP CH ee 882’ ||} Gampotoneraccececctet cede cece Se 1150
CLE UNS aaah eh ah we bee Dale ee Re ee JOl1 | Cana de venadoss5 cose e anes SES 1051
ESCIROTIZECTN oer ee te he 1006)1 i) Ganalete: 5-225 eee ee 1219
REATTR TL Ya eae Pe Pe 855) | Candelefocssooise. cece wat sete PS 1216
PfECULS-0 10110 eon epee eee ee rs 886, | 'Gandelilia. J202 ee eee 1281
PRMOEII ON MIS ae FAs Soe eS eu een ee = 917 broncaten2- oe te eee 1168
[hifi a Oe PE OOS SEES TS O89) |: @andelon..cesoecccet a ete ee 1028
TOT ONUS 2 ee eee 914) | @anelacencetace tee eee ee 1114
WETS TVS ooo oa hg ae ol an 948) |) Ganélillajc sees ee ke eee 1246
TROT OLS YS noe 8 ce MS oes ee 879, | W@antlloscece wesc eh eee eS 1067
TOU ELES See ang gph re anlar ee ae O47) [P'@amiard: iene eee Ses eee 1219
GPRD eVER ELEY ea 2 Soe) eo 890) 1 ¥ Cantu a re ee eee ee ee 1211
TENE AG ONO B es ia ah Dee ee 906; || @anutillo. 3.2 e tee a 1113
MOET CSU = 55 oo A ee 859) | / Gaps blanca: 2-22-22 2 5-2 =e ee 1218
piiytlonthowd es ==. 9s ee ee 1011 Prieta? suc. ede et ee ee 1219
PORT LE On are en A ee od a 906 TOs Soc ee Se a ee 1219
PDT VIL LOR e a a os 994. |) @apilotes. os eee es 1067
DIAS OUCUS eae ae eS 906) || @RDpIre ya... 2e.c ce aa es ee 1123
INDEX. Ix
Page.
BID ae ok eee ae eee a 1123
Manirote planco. =2.- 2-2-2 2... een aees oe 1067
OTC Ss sles Mele eee i ee Sa 1061
@apulin=----. 1042, 1043, 1045, 1046, 1060, 1109, 1130
CUDISTTON ee sas oe SE eee apes 1227
OICOLOINO = 228 a cae en ee Se ee 1061
OMNAY Oo et nt ee ee 1110
TEV FEN 07 ts ree ees Re SI ET 1110
LESS haere eee ae ea ee ee 1109
SUVASTE Ese se eae ene arnt oe ey 1110
SHG Glas = a ae eee. e 1074
MUON GIO sores kee wee 1060, 1101, 1110
Mnracncha colorada-2 =. === Sek ee 1150
MAEACUICH OES an wee Sue ee ee ee 1150
BREA OT Aces wee ee peony 1247
(OURO ee ee ae ee ane Pe 1032
(CUPTTEEN G1 es = ats Pee at ga REE Senso 1032
Bind cnche ser steat hn seer Nene ee 874
Pe PROD eae phe ere ee el SE, Own 878
Bee LON wermee ett Oe RS Le iS 894, 895
[OYE 1H OS) a ee Sot eh ae CO Renee Crt, 895
GCI seme me eee me Sao a) 895
OUGHT e ps eae kee Dos S25 sant 894
Beste LONGI O tee sae ee ea ys 903
Bee ACIT Gee eee Ne at 1249
Ge San haevlariahe uals 22s TON 1249
DCT el a Sel ae Ba ee ee ee eee ee 850, 851, 853
RSHINCH CONG satan a er ett aa tS = RM 849
RGM EP IGA etme exces ey Sk hl kl 909
PEREHESTOLCN GO) stele 552 et St Ae 1202
RUPEE ascent ol a 1115
BRTETIA CHG Sep eee tne St ok a be ENS 1152
BRERA LOR sess Soe DS A SN 1205
SEE CO Se ers OS at Sere ere NE 1205
ROTAS PS Clmere mo a ok WINS Hine eetlinnt ~ be As ee 1153
ROANSA CELL Clea Ae Sesh Riess eau Lhe SE 1115
GiaSSHda=WOOd so= 2s alee dees ome 5 vt 111 5
AS TALICLO =a ames e inst is vein Leen DME 1159
RW SGUATANEHUS Mt Aes «we ke 9 NY 1157
(IE SIT os I Sea pe pee are RE 1218
Gavendishig sees so Wis 6) Nhs shy cab tle A teh 1103
AOE LISLE = Sea ee Tn i rll RAS wy Ey 1147
SaVOlUZa Tie! BRERA wae rene ee oes 1147
EV OLOZATN Een see et at se oe G~ ns SABRI 1147
Re EV CLT CO meer ark on eee eee IIS 1114
Mavahiate blanco ss ms so eee a= STE 1205
CARINE TT eS ee ee re aR 1295
RO ATAZ TALC ra se aee vt Me deh ns Vent tA EE 1205
NBS IG eee res hel Lek a 2 i> LE OY 1218
ROBO TOR eet ane hERAS Pe emi gs os 5 MEDS 1245
ourOncillo sa ss ete ie Oe 1245
(SIE 26,6 (0) PERL an en ee ee CSR 879
Wialo sae ears 2 eS 5) os Oe a de SUF ID IGN 1242
Climarmona ssi. be + esi sb ob yes 2 iv OPEN RSI 1242
(OU TVA eS eS ee ee eee 1067, 1228, 1306
MU GLE OLIQ SS ke ah b ele bas snes as, STIS 1113
BONLTACEHIAS 0s Je seo ve ices tas anf ORS 1048
CED OIOCER CUS ise rs 2525224 22.2 Sy 889
MLCUR CLV a a See aB Ns eu o tea y h s SR 920
MRCRUCT Mees os aS eee eal ee 2 1151, 1152, 1153
CHIE ens 89k a ae Sc ex Os ve EES 1218
Worecilla: Lin <sec essed ye jt 1. vss. 9 ES 1110
IPCLECUA ee segue nek so. 2 wi ss 1110
Cereus acanthosphaera...-...-.-----=----=--- 916
C1 OR rts nel wo hg os el = 922
Page.
Cercusiacuinnguius co... 5-2. ee 906
(LTE ATE, ESS AS REDE LOE SERINE pi ee 925
GlAMmOxensisr ss: 5 Sots AT _ nei. Se eee 910
GLEN STRESS 5 Sir SEP Pon tens bone oe SEE 893
TADIGUILR eee ne he es Se 905
CTILECHEN SISE= Bere wae ees i AD 908
CINECOMCNSISS Ns wees aaa 908
CMOGENIUS= 2 = ye an TED Ae yes Ra 927
@NisacaNthuss 252 88 wees es oa} ee 901
DONOSU Sra B! =r ae eae ss a coe hy 898
DATONIENSIS © 8 tis Se wa Ss ee ie 907
Dern gerianiis 29s «bss 2s 9) a eg 895
berlandierie~s soe rows Ls) Snood ee as es 924
DUT ONS! S430 Se) Sh Ee ns eee il 908
DigélOnitiss = i258 pote pen ee 921
DION Chti se as os 924
boeckmannii-= = nee ae 915
Orachiatuses<. 2224) Nt hile 898
OV AGH Onis ana oe Fo cate dd 889
brandege¢t 2} S38 2) 3 927
brevispinulus. 2-2 ann te la Deepali 914
CHCSPILOSUS I WS Bee eas) eS ween 925
COlliCOch E22. = ts = a SA ee 954
CODUSE SS 3— 2d we ens Holga hee ba ee I 894
candelabrium s2-2 515020 © eon ie a aay 899
CHONTE > > oat gs Se Ne a 899
CHACHID Ema nd = 3 Oe pe ile 898
CRIM Gs oe Baa ee a 893
Chlonanthus= <=. <<2' oa si a 923
CHT YSUCONVIS: 122 a8 eo 892
CHIYSOTR OLB as 5s Ht aks ee hei Aaa 896
CINENUSCENS 2s SN ers Di 925
COCCI CIS 82 a aa eee ps Le oS Ue 908
COCK GAU SS ee eh LSS ae My UM A he 911
COlLmna-trajant_- == eee 897
Comeles sae Fee ole aa AN in RO 892
CONSOTITNG Wo 2s ee ais hes 901
conglomeratus o-- +1355 2 ee 929
CONALON USE =o et ek ee ioe i 914
clenoides 202. 3 250s eS ee 924
CUMENG tas 3s a5 5-3-4 a Si 904
Gasp acanhiuss = c= oe 923
delmoralitz<=. 25224 so ee eee 899
dep peiss 23-0 2 ane on ea ee See 925
Ciguetitee: ~- 1 nek beta 902
donkelaantiz-=- 3-5 = 2k aa: 2s 914
Cui s 228 nie eo tae oe de ee 929
Cu mOrtenti cao ee el ee 901
Gy Chiie os 22 a ae ee 899
ehrenbergites Pe 33 ee ee 930
CMON YI soe ka ae ee Va ae 901
CNGCUM ANNI oie es 5g oa ee 929
CRMERCHNLNUS tee te Le Se oe 928
CTUCO SS a i Re oy. =n TAO 904
POTN Cy GAR ORs ae Ne eae Me nal a, RUE 928
LAQEUTON MIS 252 fa. ae si 917
LOGTIONILIS ns 3 wd ly nn on) ON RR 917
HOVICOMUGS = oo Do Ne 3 Ot oh 892
SUCUULOT US ee sn SS ns «le ele Re 922
POLUWOSUS oie 25 oo 2 ee te DOSE 904
WOME MAUUSS> & i tah et BSS ee ee 896
Qeomettizang 22 555 ons 2 Ra 911
QED CU Ri lech a even eer URE DR 909
QUAL OY eR: oi a ae en time etc oe 911
OTONGILOT US a nt ee igs SE 914
x INDEX.
Page Page.
CON EUS ON EUG Ae EE A OR Be 903 CEREUS TULPLCE DIS) 3.53 A at ag ee a a 897
GUTITTOS US hes Sah oe, tt RY 904 SCUTN-AYCKIONUBL = 25 52 1a bes a 921
QTUALIIS 2 oN Re OL ee ie aaa 915 SQUIMNINU SA ro es ke tk a ee 921
ORO TIOR Ma en atk OR Nel hs Se he oe 898 SANDOTGIONUS Hs OLN’ SELOL ea eae 927
OD DOTSLCUU Stee ae) 2 891 SONTENHOANUS <- 2-4 55 a A 910
ROUECHOLCTIS IG ee eee = 2 oe ne. Se 921 SCRCONE 2 Sy ha 4 5 ou 920
RTOTICULUS ep Js ae 874 Cl (1 | ee ees ee ee I NL: SL 912
PTTL S 2 A esac hoe 915 SCT OLE soso ae cry Oh pe 910
DILLO DERBI RNs he ea ee 914 SCAG oo se se 908
RET BEG a ee hed on Fk 1 910 BOULUB eee ecg ees ee a 924
Knippelanus: 2s 26 2 omen eee. See 927 SCODONUG 3 a Pe ea eee 891
[LEAR ATT! ROE eee ee meh Serene ee VL. 2 ky 898 SON oe oko se ee 890
LOU ONS 3 32-5995 Se sa 1009 SELDENUNUS = <2 aoe a ee 905
(ELTA RSE Ean OS SOUL EAS SLOAN Se ESS = 922 BENT ons ees Sars <i 907
LODIODNI Se eee ee eee ee 917 NOTION CMSIS eee ee Je 910
LOTGICO ILA DTILS Soot oso ot RA 915 SDECIORISSUMUSS = no tank oa a ee 908
LONOISCHUSES oC A eee es Le eee 930 SPECOBUS 2 2s sa aes a 908
INOCTOCEDINLUS A. a sass 891 SPINULOSUSs. Sow ee 916
UCL OMY 82 a oh et ae ae 958 SplendéNns 3s 355854234 e se 905
WIGIRIWALUS 2 neh so oe oe 930 Stellatis: 22 3226 ners sane eee ts 899
TOT GUIS ns a cane ee Oe 896 SU QMINCUS.. | eo on ee ee ee 930
PINT ATLIATEB poo to) he Sn 922 CTL A ee A RL EEE RUE RO Se ah 902
AILOTTLILTIVER bos hone a 918 SULDITEN IIS sa oe) ee ee 923
ILOCOS eaten hile pepe 928 Lestind ooo ee Se ee 916
MMTODULICNSISS 5 sa 916 ROLDZO sao es ee 897
RIVITLELE ISIS 5 Sle awed 898 burbert. 228 et Oe 900
TIED) DUCTUS TS ech oe ed 921 LAAT a se ame fee ses le Dea SB eb 894
ITT ad SE SE MES Oi ie | 907 ONEUOTUS: Oe ee 899
MU CHICAS sss en a ee 914 treleaseh a a ea ee 899
OCUIIU TIO TERS = eee aces SOO 912 SETIONOULOTIS ee a ae 913
OT CULL IE ee RE a, 895 IT ICOSLOUUS ee en eee te eee 912
ODUDCUUUS re Pe 1009 ErIGONUS eS en ae ere 913
IDUCHUCI ge coe eee sl. ek 922 PIED COSTES sn ee tne ee ree ee 902, 958
CELTIC TU eee A oe a ae ee 910 LW OTILAS hee ea ian eRe ALE a ak 912
pecten-aboriginum.._.-.--------.--------- 895 Aundulatuss: 22 os AN OSE eee 906
MCI TOES ser oct SoS cage er 926 POG ONS Sen ae ee 915
CONOR (18 de cs ea an 950 DOUp elie -. = os koe ee 915
rigidissimusss_.- =... 220... ee 925 DiClOvieNsiSs Se ta a ee ae 893
MON STUS sea ee aR 921 DIPCTINUS = ee oa ee ee ee 902
DIENER TOTUUS sone ne et 906 WDEDERI oe Poo 2 Soe ee oes 899
DENULODNUS:22— = oe a lS A | CREO Zee eee 1110
mentaptertse.. 25. 20, iy 916 dei Cayena.cs o> Sol Sees ns eae ee 1039
phoeniceus..< 2) al eel Gog) |) CES URI eaten eee 1278
DULAC ee af I a 906 (IAL ET OTA CS a ee eae ne ne we re 1281
DOWOCUNIUS om, soles ee 922 amyeCalifolinme casa ae see ees 1283
polplophis —- lee he ales 891 ATAPI Seca ee ee 1282
DOSELT CRT See ean os Saletan en ee 902 WT DOT O8CONS.- 2225 - oan eee ee ee 1282
MOST Mee cowie teak, g > ees Naa 903 entharmi. 22 lo. oe aoe eae 1280
ORITCED Ree es Cee eee Seats pCa 907 DOUG COUTUTUUTIO = ns oes on ees 1283
DIU Let aa ea 894 CHIMDENSCS 28 oo eee 1280
DISTAL CUS oP ea obo 906 conlertiflorum =: 9S) s tes ene ee 1282
DEODINGUUS so) oe Sl A 924 Gime ne ee ee ee 1283
DTMANOSUS ec suet 21 Oe ee ei 898 GiuUmMetOrtiimn. es es eon eee 1281
pseudosonorensis______- ar ae ae aaa 910 ehrenberei. <2. 25.2. oes ee 1283
DLT OMI uIs Bec ete LFS ae eee 914 CL CG TO Se a 1280
MiCrogONUs as wl ee 916 eng liCheni ae ee ee a eee ees 1280
DUULOTI TUS.) 911 Met CUG UI Ue UAT ss ee eee re 1280
DICH ELS Oe ae A eee 927 HAVESCONS = 5 nn sue ee eee re eee 1279
DPE TIUBt tee eee es mee cee ans) eR 912 PUlVeSCEMS = nets seam ee an eae eee 1282
QUETELOTOEIISIS. oa ek eee 900 OTQCUIROMHIN. - one ee eee 1282
TOE O SUL Epo ace: my eB | CT 907 ROntwWegt cease ee eee a eee 1280
reichenbachianus_...._..__..-_--_--.___--- 925 Inirtellum=: 2222s) esas pesedeacessestsss- 1281
FEGLDES POTS te mee eee ar ON RR 901 A DOMUCH LET eee ee 1282
ADEA feet Sealey Ere Nay Ne VAS On 926 Janattime 205205 28 oe eee 1281
INDEX. xI
Page.
Sestram,lanrifolinmis. -—2- 62 G22 2 82-2 See 1281
Nast IMee eee sees ak ue eek | ere 1283
Mul GiNervauM sees es ee eee 1283
TAWLACG (008 Oe ees ae Pee SI ee 1283
MIOCHUIGRUIMN Gas se 1282
eplongiveliam=.—5-. 2 eee eee 1281
pacifieume =20 2 <2. te ee 1281
mpedunemlare: 222". one! Ae tee 1282
NETMCREOUUM = 22-8 a ee 1282
WLOMINGUUM = --- = os ee ee 1283
peychotriacfolvim=—_. 2. -- =.= ee 1283
pUNrpUTeuUM: 5.22 —5= 22 | ee ee 1280
POSOUIN Se 8 Or 2 Lo die eS oe 1280
PH PITIVESTALIL ND ee sO a Se 1281
SU TONGT eo ee ee = eens 1280
LETIIVONAL LE Se ome es ee 1282
uhyrsoidOUimn = =e cr = a2 A 1282
iT Ope eee eo eS ed See 1283
NOcr RIN Awe oe i sn eee 854
CON SUES AC C71 Se ae ee ee eS 1120
Mbncnlnezle-et s.2 2) bes 1241
G@hackalacana 252 ea se 1237
WOR ROTICLOSts to en ee) ie 1149
Whpicou eee sk oe 8 eats 913
(COND CBI C0) SP EE ae aay ee re RIO CSE 1281
SEAIVICIN Gee eS el a eee hee 1154
MOTRATS ic Peenromess hi re 2 BN al Rk 1113
SOATEST oh pig or Lt Ue oe le ee ee ok SORT 1014
COVERS os 009i ea ae ee ee nl 1237
Ciaey city) Se eee eee Shere 861
“CSTE OYOUR ope ne a On 1127
OGIO LO Reem Peet | 2 ales 1127
CUSTER IS) oi 8 a 8 SS a 931, 932
COLE DHL GS = ES pat ee ee Se MER Oa aes 931, 932
MIRO CKCEDOUI yee n= as tte oa a 1092
Meier Gps beee Cao a Og ee et 899
MOMTOTIUG sme ences SL eas ee 899
NOURI ONO TIT He ee eee Sie ee BN 1119
MOLLE ph er Ss ee et 1256
PUMATEONAN <a coe ss ee LAR a 1263
CHET OR RENEE * Ot EE Se pee erm nee 1011
COTES TES | Dew ree ee fe a a a ed SS 1060
UEC SE Se eer ete 1116
COIS OB sins pS a op Ne 1299
RICHI bOtee See fo St oT sede 898
COLOGNE: Sai Ae ee eeeeeeegere Meer ae 1157
(CATO RITCDS f(D Sie ae co er 1214
AI CHICHANUIGN: Ses 2 1S US eee 1086
latteleitgs ts 2 i re eae see ee | 1299
ACI CHIE ee Ske 1299
Mea ON Ae eee 22 2 re ee 1299
OReEMINpITaSteL 2. - es 1268
@nichimoepmaston noo). 22-32 ea ees 1275
CLOT SS OS ee eee Say ee ene 898
CIC OT Re SS a Oe mers! Cvs Tey ns 1157
MEU CIIOHENLG= 5. 2 25 ta) ee a 1297
COLSTGOrn (65 ee eee ere 1157
COME IG 2 2) S08 ie ee eee ennineUete oe ene 1299
CONENCLTH Wate aS eae eee av aes Orr 898
COMENT CL av OY 9s Woes ee 9 a RE eee eee 1299
NGCk a ieee! ee ao ke ee 851
COLO (0S SS A eee ee 1118, 1119
NOiCO pees es ee ee 1119
GODTCOSG ss sore me A nn ees 1110
MMIwOZANOteLe ees. ee nee 1119
Page.
Ghiezapoil see ae: Lee Ae ek eee 1119
initia desyacae === = a. Nes 1251
WRIRGHATes eae ee ee Le ee 1130
Gniloaee aes) ele ee ae eee 1152
(Cleht ce eS 2 ee ae Serra rral Sr ee" 1204
Ghilenglaees a2} feat ee 7 oe 904
Cp Tin sacri re es nee ee ee 1249
COLT ie es a ae ee ae 1105, 1113
@hilindrone 2 i BS 1152, 1153, 1155
plan con ase ee Ba ns Bee fee 1153
@hiitos# = 2584: 2 soo 5 Sr een ee 975
Chil adorsies. sys. fe orn ee 1132
Gil ote ren ee a ee ee ok 933
Chimaphilas 4-85 oe see 1089
@hinzienromee se eo ee 1185
hing as a ee a ee Saene 899
(Oh Ae oe ee UE An ee Seen 893
(Cin ca on ee ae eee 1152
WONICNOSH aan Wo == es Does ek 1153
@hisinoleset= ses aes aso oa kee ee 904
@hirrioncilloe ss ee ce ono ee 862
Ghitoniammacrophylla--. === 22-5 se 1065
@hittimwood:=—. .- 2.22 S2-2- 22 25-2 ee 1116
@hocones03 8 eS he ee 1214
Gholi ent eo ee he eo on a eee 872, 873
@horeque-2 5 220 8 ee 1237
@horross $4 2 28 8 on ee eee 1079
Ghote se ee ea ee eee 1121
@hovanopOss.- 2 32-2 oa ee 1224
@hrysophyllami >) 222 e he be eee 1114
@hochilifiass- 23) 2 2... 22 Ee 1296
Wn ate 2 ae A a a ee ee 1157
hua ase ae ee es Se de eos 1242
@hupa-Chivpaess 0 st ee ee eee es 1032
Gian pamiiole see ee ee 1032
Memelneba==s=-s2es eee eee hee er eee 1032
@huparrosas eso ee ee ee 1211
@Husimmpeke 2 eo oe a eee ee 1155
Gilindrillo-=3. 0) 5 ee ee eee 1287
Gino oe ae ee eee 910, 911
Ginamomoue. 262022 oe ae eee ee 1025
@inco:coloraditos= ==> 4 5-2- 22) sa eee 1249
TGP RAUOS tak eee ee eee 1112, 1249
(OTS te Le eee ree ee eee 1055, 1067, 1068
@ijharexylums2 = aa ee eee 1237
AMINO wsh- Sco ee he he ee 1241
altamiranum: ....--=.5-2--- = 4- pee 1238
herlandierl= = 2224) oo ee eee 1239
bourgeatlianume:- 2-2. - 8-22 eee 1240
brachyenthum)- <2 2-23.22 eee 1238
(bite nb bss Waee haw Re RE ee eo - 1240
Cingloanum ==) ee a 1239
SMO Citi ee ee ae ee ee ee eee 1240
emrickionivme .- ee ocs 1241
fahellifoliuams 2 soe 2 =e ee 1239
PIA TUINGE 2a e oe cn eee 1240
exXaNPHISTOL 22/252 =o 6 20 eet 1241
INCOM so 2 on ee 1239
PRU TCNR OTT ee ee Se 1241
henbelisee-s- = 322-64 2. - eee 1239
lucidum 2-2 2-5-2085. 5 Eee eee 1240
iweloidess = 22-29. 8 ek eee tee 1238
TIVO a ee er on Se ees 1239
OWatatolurite se Pe Be eee 1240
Dae MHO NUM 232 ee on eee nee 1241
XII
Page.
@itharexylum pringlei__-:_.-.2-.-.2-22--L22 124
QUAdTANGUN OTe: 255 ee Ee 1241
TOSC LS ae tn tA cue dole eee oe oe 1239
PUL OI See ss oy ae As hs eat 1239
SCOQUY QUID ADEA gym tain Verein So ieee ae 1239
SCL B TEs rn ee er en 1241
BOSS OTN soon See le ec ee 1240
Re CramMeNGn = a. ocr ee ee 1238
(IOUT (ole, le i ee ee ee Ee Ef 1239
TE LESS TAG (ee oR pe a ee eet og SPT See 1240
Clarincillo silvestre__________ Oyo S in bie ae ae Dl 1212
@isvelide, Hspafia. 0 ~22 22 1167
Clavelitos de manglar_______..-._--._--_-_-- 1161
Meissbana= =) ares bn be 1161
TA VeMin 4 snes ee 8 i ee en 875
GCHEISLOCUCHUS 2 Pos nh og he Bed 910
Clerodendrumiso 20 ss Se 1252
(CA Sh ee Oe ee Se 1088
PIN An oe fn a 8 edd oh ng 4 co oe 1088
GlBUBTa Cea GS et 8 ne i 1088
Cita (itch: ep ne a eee eee ame Dene nice Cth Thy 1071
MelONOMESINE 2 hn on, 1058
TROTUICONG 6% = Sto = oie nhs 1066
TRUE DUT CTS es oe a ee 1058
MEP TLCOEI OLAS bss 22 ants tS oe Sea hea 1065
Ciidemiastrinnmis sc 2cs2sos2235 seeses525 555 1058
Cline pods <2 = pos 1273
CoureOllanilo rate e824 teens) 5s eases hb 1125
C@oweplitahloss nas ohne os ee OUND 1125
Conhuayote. 22. ss senso a Ne 850
Coalsuayote se sess occ a ee 850
Conmecate anal: esses 2425 3 ons sere ne oe 1237
Cobslontae iss 92522 9.55 23 252 Ween be 1152
Coches sins 943 5 Pee 35a 911
Cochomigs 2 he Wt on ea nd oe oo SE 962
Mociinga ies sos soe ek. on EE 863
Wochingr asta 0s 9 av oats ool bye ONS 888
WocotOn Osea ses hina spss es beg ths od MT 1154
Codoldenrailes 6 ess k sss a 1152
COlatiCo ss ie: Siw aay 5 wae Cemn towel La ad on ae 1154
COfon Heese eae fe stats naa dao 8u see 1156
Ce CRDTITOS 2 xh 54 she 8 sects oe ANION 1155
MG atone 2a sees odo nes oa 1153, 1155
OSUOR CO! < hase. Jains Va ered we 1155, 1156
Ge bOrO = * es se See es 1155
EIEN GH nt eee Se oa a oe es 1155
@ota‘dealacran-- +. 2-2 224.-—..-.._ Maupin 1243
Merdiablo. 340 seis es ws ES 860
devigwang...: +=... 2... Ape 1113
emmesesd 0%. <2 2... «22-02. Sa ae 1113
@olacione see. sh tk 1073
Coldeniateite. aioe Ct os ee 1228
Woloncho eee <2 oo ee 865
Orne Meee i 1116, 1117, 1118
POSUMOnA p24 wae ot. 1. 2s ed 1117
Comaros‘aphylis._......__....__--.. 1095, 1096, 1097
Combretdeeset: 2... 20 eo. 1028
Combrotumsta2 ase eo 1031
LAT Yoo ae Be = ete 0 1028
@omidade:cuervo::_ wee 1237
deculebras. 2 <-2cee tne ee 1154, 1231
ecpall omnia ee a A 1249
WGMingaloy eet eee ee le 1122
C1100 b (ee ae ae ae ee mae LONE MMROMAOWE NA Tt? Py 940
GOMpIOls Mig 2 A 1032
INDEX.
Page.
Conanthus- 3-5. ee 1215
Cond oranges oe a he ee 1179
@ondor=vine s. 2-2-8 ee 1179
COnetOn eset pe es 1278
Contite ssi ee eh oe 1249
COO Let ob ee ee 1231
MOPT Ose p sone Soe 1249
Confituria. cen OG
Con0C@scis- cs 2st eee 1301
@onocarpus: =. <2 -2+< 2-242... 1029
@onostegia--~ +. -<- 22-222 eS ae 1059
Convolvulaceae. 2.222. <2 1194
Convoloulus-aculeatus_.....__.-.-__--—. 2 1201
Opocynoides. 2-2 na eo 1197
OrDOresCeN $4 ee 1205
GrDOreus = ake te ee 1205
O2ZUN CUS oo ee Se 1197
Dr acti flOri8 som ak tee eee 1202
COPY MDOSUS = << en ek 1208
dissects. cook we ee 1200
MTACCT OTIS =o, ee te ee 1205
MUPICHHUS «a's 2c a sea 1201
WUOCULONUS =a ee 1196
obvatlatus a 1202
WONLGRENUS 4) ho) hn yok ele 1197
Wentaphy WuUs ss += ee 1199
quahuraehwatl oS ee 1205
SECUMUILOT UB = ee 1197
PEC RCIONS = en ee te 1208
Spliaerostigm@. 2.2 he 1197
MIOMCOUS = 5-8 ey oy 1197
@opa de:0r0 2222-2 See 1284
Copill@sses she eee 1222
Copies ss. ee eS a ee 1221
Coquite ss Se eee 1024
Corals wes oe eee ee 1241, 1310
dela playa ss ee 1310
Gobralillo: 4-4-2223 ee 1309
@oralitoses' 2.2223 a 1309
Cordisus. s222: ee ee 1216
alba oosess oo ee ae 1218
Blind Oras. 215925 27525) ee a Se 1218
AMD Was sa a 1223
BPPOHGioudlate cio lee te 1223
DOISSIONa2 33 22 sha ee ee 1219
br evispichlia conse he 1223
CANBY 2 cesses sence ee 1223
CHIQDONSIS «= a 22s bot Sats 1221
CONOCOG CA S222 oases the ee 1224
COryMbOsa 25255255 ecess sso saseeeeeee 1222
Crenulalys foo 222 tse eee 1223
CrISMIlON Oe ra ae as ae 1221
cylndrostachyan2 2+. 3-30 534 eee 1223
dasycephalas2-225ss22 35245 i ene 1222
diversifolidisase2s3s223222 4s as 1218
dodecandras+<. 2 es scea se ee 1221
elaeagnoides: 12: #22252-2 32522252255 et 1219
ferrUginies 2242S se sassy see 1223
foliose 222. 22 s22ss262eseeeses es eee 1224
gerascanthoides)2- =e Ja 54 i 1220
Ger aSCUNthUsi se ~2 a ee 1218, 1220
SIODOSA2 onn2ed nats see eed Se ee 1222
PLO PIs S24 2 acca nese eases see 1219
guerkeans-- <<--2=s222enss See Oe 1219
hartwissiang,...l5422222.22. $222 ee 1224
INDEX.
Page.
(EAFCIN NeCcOmecanand 2. ee Ae oes ee 1221
APUBIONSISe a sea Soe ee Ce Eee oe 1220
WEES UTI I eS A I CAN i elas 1223
LTR ET Ns SR SM SO se i ie Doe ts La 1223
PAN OLASSO LS eee es SS ee Se ee 1221
LET TH se I IE a ee Oa 1223
SUNTAN EPO) SEAS eS Beat 2 aetna Seay = 1222
UATE ESE IE ED Tt Sa DET Sos 1223
HI CTOSE DOSLON A! <-- 2e oo aa ee eee 1221
THOLCLOSAN A es oe fe we = SERS ee 1220
OPEC th Sen ee eee 1223
QUILL eee Sh a2 oe ee See 1223
PIUGIL EN a we a ee et ee 1223
DORON Ameo So kor Jes See eee 1222
modecephalaee- === = sa! 1223
SETA eee as 1221
JSQLG VA = = ee eke RR eae 1225
ROLE He Ep ep EE Sal ari 1224
NG HESLEE sae es ee ee hee er 1221
SOLGIIATIN ee ate he Scene woe ee 1219
SGTHEGY AEC] ES 20 a a i eer a rd 1224
SOCDITCNSIS sata 52 ee Se ee 1223
SOT ORAS ete ae eee oe as ee ee 1221
SAGE Ree ee ee eee eee 1222
PELTNT EGG [tea reer Bete el De Pn Rel Ar et EG EB 1220
ALUTTEEL OU De ae ee 0 Bn Se Fo ell a 1222
MIT GICACO Rey ee a Ao Sa eke ee : 1222
(TEESE ae a et Me ee 1219
RDORMACCAG a ae sown Sop oe hn eee 1084
RG CTI Seen ow he Lh Sa fe a Se 1086
MBOTTUIT Ase eee Ne CE ee a's, 3 Ue Spee 1251
Corona de Montezuma.-_......-.----------- 1087
Mem ane edLOs ses Maen ss: Seah Tee ASE 1087
REOROMU OMe seas ae eee eee sit Ae oe 2a es 1073
OMOUCHOCHO 2 pos he ee ee a Sen Ault 2 1248, 1249
ACOLV DUAH LA ene tee es SVE eek neice Ree 963
APPTE DAUR Ste oe 2 WRN EARS ee oe eos RUE 971
intemal: ss shee ot ore eset DEAT 967
Claes are sae een a EUS Wha st hPa a oes 966
COMMPACLAS sae naan ns Sa en SSE 968
COUNIV OHS see eae ee rae Ss wed ee 968
COEIMCT ete eee en et a eee 969
GUT ANC ONSIS semen eee ne ee See ee 970
OCHIMO LG GA=aes eee een an te! SCA Ss tunnee 966
Slop HAN UIC ONS aera sae ee ee oe oe eS 967
OT GG ieee ens eee Ce OP ee 967
SS SUGLAIIS eee here cots ee Se pee erat 967
SUICT KOA Ae eee 2 seen canes ee eine eee ac 966
PRACTOMOEIS se oe ae oe en eee a 964
TMUCMOH DIOL b= 4 snes 2 oe 965
ICOM OXI CANA rsa oan ae aaa ee eee 970
MiCkelsdpurn= =. snes a ee er eee ee 968
OCctaCaT LN ae. = -- =) 8 ee eee eee ee 966
MULOT Geese kL oe See ee 985
Walla haere ee ee 970
WalMeniess ec os ao aes ot en 969
OCIA Amen ee cane oa eae ae a 968
POSclsenlane e-s— ne No So ee 965
pycnncanpng=- ~~~ ne ee ee 970
TENG TR Se 2 Sse Sree eee aires) Re Sed 968
MOCUIVOLHs= Soon on so oe ae oo ee 965
SRUUSAR Res een oe ws ee 969
NODUSDISDIN Ges <r ae ae Semen eet 967
UV ON ne oe ee A ee ae ey 965
Salm-Cy emia aes ones ee oes 969
BULCOIAM ALA sete ee ow Sees e RS eS 969
XIII
Page.
Crostteqittco pies, Meme ae: Sea Aeetenelc prea) sary | 1120
CsA wilco s eerie Ec ot Ao eRe 1123
Wolomatenee rete hs es. cel uierr rd eae 1110
Mov Onostle sre nas see te tole hes ree as 874
Cov Onosthiter eae si ae sa 874
Govyonoxtlejese sia 3 ao) ee as ae es 874
(Woy Obillo meee sek sa an eg ae 881
(OV OLOMMALO ste se ees en SE at ee 1236
Coyvotomatlie so. 32-2) ei a eg 1301
COZ RMU CORD tes Ge LU aud, oe See aaa 1120
(COztlCzap Oia Me. 2 - Aime Seer le Sone te te 1121
CTADE-Myrulel eee Seek. aie se Mae Pe 1026
Cremanium aschenbornianum..-.__-_________ 1059
Genghestanity aaa =. nes ee ee 1065
OLigotriChwinS sa oe ee 1064
CRETR OLD TL eae a ke ois coe 1226
s CRS 0) ly Ae pl ee SO eer Meee a | 1262
(OUTSS) oo) oie a ee Caen er Sg oe 1026
@rimisonicreepersa 822 228 so oe 1050
GEC Omen = a See a ice oO ee 1106
Gru7id uViSy OS 8 nee bE re ie 1091
@ryptostepias:.2~s 22s Me ee 1167
COMA GIOS ues tee 2) tae ky ll ke 1211
CUB ETA VOLO S= St oe te | eal se Fit 850
@uahichichiS: a2 ose ee eed a ee ees 1086
(OEE 21 nel eRe Re eee ee 1222, 1223, 1224
Gyre Oboe er ae eee 1081
CUASHUItOOLOTOSO = semen ee ee 1249
@uatrocaras ak voce athe ee ee ae 1251
@uauchichicwss sas eens Se ee 1086
@usumecateichayotesss ee 1167
CUAY OCR a es es Se ak oo an ke 850
Guchamper'de!z0pes sae eae ae 1175, 1192
Guchamperritos soot 22 ee ea 1170, 1175
(OT bl oyrnale pees eee ees ogee EY 1108
Guenta'de'ord'=2 222.20 2222 226 ae 1242
Gibran 2 Soe ses 2 ook a ay ee ee 1216
Glennors2-- oo teers site ic oe ee ee 917
0) 0 C9 i ge See er ee epee S eee 1112
CUT I ASE Es aS ele Oe ae a 882, 883
(jbl ay ats) Ss eee ene Sane ee et a 865
Guim Ta 6 Se so ta 1251
Gundurangoss- pees ae eas toe Re 1179
@urmil ayers aet OCs FE ied fe ee 1269
Cupheainequipetaigss === ee en eee 1021
P CNL OC Ss eel as Le ns ee a ee 1021
CD DENUICUIAI: a eee eee 1021
GT UCNS1S 2 oe ae aE ae Ra 1023
Daillonis ssi lee eS es eee 1023
OUT DIgena Sat aA ee Se ee eae 1020
(TET Ys 3 kann ee ee eerne etna, vat Ye Mer pt 1020
DOLSSEerION Geen Se ee 1022
DTG Cle Ola ee et ae i a 1929, 1021
ONUCLEQIOS RG 2 ee EL ea eas OS i ek 1022
DESEO TLD ak ete a Le en 1021
CCCI EE ie ae Ve ee oe eee 1024
COLO DUT LLG =e eS ee TL oe 1 ea ae 1018
CHE DETISES Se nee ayes See aes Se Ow ae 1019
Ci OR. ae eee een eee ee 1017
CURTULUOTING es te A) eee eee 1019
COCCINICU aaa. tet oo a eae 1018
CY ISHED See oP ode Se ee ee 1022
CUD EM PO 0) Soe an SON es Sn ee 1018
MBCA Ro Lot NC ten ak) Ste Se 1017
GOGCCONG Gen sks. Soe nea e aot 1024
CMUNENG es es ht eee re 1022
XIV
Page.
Cuphea empetrifolia_...........-.------------ 1019
Cpl abitfolite es fs Pee 1018
florid ne nS en 1019, 1021
GOAVITIET IS mo Pd ne Bie ee DT 1017
OR DIT Pe se hen ot ohn re ee ede 1020
OT OCUILOT Oo Da a 1022
TELE UCLA 2 0 0 Sci eee penn 1022
ELETORIN OES Sa § BE ol iy oe ee ER OY 1023
OURCTUN ee eS oer eS 8 aie Ser] ee ear 1019
TRUSSO Ti) ONE oe Oe = ens Ie 1018
UTE > Sh ata no he chin b> Cr Bae 1024
ANTEV NCU as oe A ee 1023
IL OU ES ae aa eos | in SEE eee 1019
OV IALONSIG2S 20D ann inet ARIE De See 1023
EOIN SO aos as oe Boal ie yee Eee 1024
PAVED = 2552 VAS Se Stele ee ae Swear eee 1020
LODO DION Pe = 228 Ss 9c ire easnce Gasman toys ue AED 1020
MEQGIODNYUG 2 oon Ses = oot ob eben eT 1021
AIBCSOCIELO Mt soe be VDLY Ps LF hee Ee ae 1023
NACTODELIUIS 2 oy 2 ee oe et AA 1022
AMATO 3058 Sn eo woe os sa ot BEER BR 1020
MS Pe oct ok Ken 5 ne on oh an > SEE 1018
TLE OS POU a= =e Ait SS ang oe SST a ee 1019
OCUMIOUI OS > 5 02a wot noe iales oe WEE 1021
TEER CL Se eS Sa as Fins Rw Sedna a 1018
PIETER ULTTE 2 Seen Sw Sales ot bee pepe i 1019
DULY CENT et Se ie oe orn 99 meee NO 1021, 1024
QUT eee 6s ee vies PO RAD 1019
TULL a oe het Sn oe halt ee Ane 1023
UURILOT Ons ene <> Bin orm a ots AAR BY 1018
BBE SB ale ep a ily ay Sno he at ad 1017
TOCETUOR Ren on Loe seen nines a eee 1017
TELTORCRUS sae Nee + foe net SAS Se 1023
FOC Se so ee ee RE SL 1019
TEU es Ss ere s Ae bee ae son eeres 1021
SET ONC oho ee nh 00s ie ee ee 1018
BEUTLER nh by bd bes SOD 1021
BCICIIEIRIVIRAE = 22 See = Sry Sn ed a 1022
SCN es OY Sn ee he bine owing at 1017
Ral VECLITARLA EET hs Os 5 rt Ws she ata in 8 > ns 1020
SEARO tea aN are No Ree win hin ae 1019
SUTIOSC Soe ree 1019
SULDULIGET C2 rata rn ees Dh ee eee On 1024
2 eT eet A a en er eh ea ey oh tt 1023
RT ACIED PELL EE one rena aes re eae 1021
SV STUELIS sat ET ne Sa er. LR 1017
OTR TERE 17 a a aap ea 1017
TE OUIL CE Soe y eeieonnn > nna ah Ne 1021
DEFT LOSLOIIG SA te eee ete heed. J ee 1023
WUCUSOTULTNE 2a noe eee ee eee 1023
OE Oe oS es eet de 1118
POTTS eae alee ee eee 1113
NOTE Cie ere ERS ES | 2k cent bs ee 1115
TEV AO ee i et i SI Be 1024
(Oyrianeh wns <6 se eis PRS 1176
CLOUSUeera RA ee io Ne. He Se ys 1170
TIRCLACOUILIETIN ane Miho vs * > 2s 1171
TEV ALTE nr ee 2 hs + etd 1188
TOCEMIDSIL TR eG A 1178
“Cyrille paniculata. 2 1109
Wamarde noche st =! sere ees eee ee 1282
PY AMAT a ee ane eh eee oe oS 1247
ppeamrmaies sf Poe es Se ad xe ees OL 900
DOD TICS = 8D RK ee EY 1013
DAphnopsiss2 2/2 es ee ek wk ee Oy 1012
INDEX.
Page.
DJS aT: aaa ale ete erent eles hee hed ae 1284
Denmiars 2! S522 ie ee eee eee 916.
TDBHEPAMN RS SS ee Re ae eee ee 1104
Bemetizar. 2S s> sree eee eee 1133
Dendropanad 225 es eee 1084
Dentelaire:— ee re an eee 1113
Dentelariags soon ee eee ee 1113
Devilwood 2. soc eer 1141
Dict yanthus <5 22.2.0 ee een 1182
DIOSPYTACeae se ae a eee 1124
DTOSDYTOS acne en a eee ee 1126
OCU HUICEnSIS oo 5S a ae ee eee 1125
albens eee 1124
DUCON 22 SE ee ee 1125
SOLICITONG So 2 eee 1125
DPipholis.<- 2 eee ee eee 1115
Diplacus.2 25 oe ee eee ee 1312
TUGOSUS a ee 1311
Diplandta: oo 22s Tae 2 es eee 1075
EEplOChita- - os ceecnce caste cae ee 1065
Dorhbane amily o-oo: ee ee eee 1147
Dogwood familys: 226242". es eee 1084
flowering ==: 2222224 eee 1087
Ted-OSler ¢ see ceceL2esesee eS 1086
‘Dolichothele== s2s2222s2s24s22224- eee 973
Dominguilla: -2s2 25> 2c. sees eee 1113
Dominitess 22-223. ah secs aces eee 1157
Don Diego\de\ diag. ....5.--2n-5-5.2-4-2e eae 1079
Don WUaW Ss 222 ae 1278
(OS CArAS oe Fe 1067
Downward. plum... 2.522 4-58 oe ee 1117
Wneuche..=~ ==-=- 2-2-2205 a ee 1106
Drift ea. 2 wo tet See ee 1195
Wuldeamaresa-o. 52.22 so Se ee 1294
Marana 2222" kot oe Se oo ee ee ee 1241
Dararnilloss:) 2222 Ss. os Sa eee 885
planco. o= Se. 2.5 ee ee 885
colorado). = 2525526. 2. St. 221 Po eeeees 885
Dzoosadzhuidium .\- 2. = 22 eee 851
banos2s 2222 sere SRN NEW Be 1125
IMDODACCHE 2222-22-22 Sooo) sene eee eee 1124
WORRY >—- =o csse= + 0.2 soe eee ee 1126, 1128
WeninocactWis:-s=----—-5- oe ee 951
QCOMNION: ne oe ee ee en ee 939
OCONINDLES = an re ee ee 944
OChOQCI NEUES: ene hoon ee 939
adversispinus.— a ee 939
QLAMOSONUS. on on on enone 946
albatis. on 936
alardtants = eee 937
ancyclacanthus: <= 2 222) oe eee 949
QUTUCTULOSUS =o eee 938
argenrs: = SS eee 937
OSLETIOS. 22 ee ee Ses Bo ee 955
DEQUinit. 22s 23 Pee a ee 961
Giceras 222 see eee 938
GiCOlOl See es ee ee aa I 959
Dolansig (2 =) ors mise en tet 959
brachycentruse: 222 = so see ee 939
Dither AS ee rele ee 958
COPTVICONNIE Soo ee a 955
Céretfor mis 222 pe ee 939
Chlorophthalmiuss2- oe ee a eee 926
chrysacanthts. = en Oe a 943
COPLONOTONUS 22> wen ee ees 935
COT NIGET US 2 ht 948
INDEX. xv
Page Page.
Echinocactus corynacanthus_...--.----------- 952 | Echinocactus limitus__._...._._.__..._______ 947
COULET Bees ny es oe Ee ene 947 Limskenniiee ee) ere NY ee Se 940
ChasSiROMOCUS...2-= -—- 23. 22 948 longihamatus: 02-2 pb ee 948
Chis DONG 2 Se 8 oe = ee 938 lophotiele ses 82 <0 UN ue. alae 957
CUTOICONN IG ea Dee 948 MOCROWELB Ss © 2-8 Ae fs ee 1 a 951
CHIINONACEUS = 5 = = oo er 944 MLOACKOCE DRUUES <5 aa i Pe 940
GEULISDINUS: 2 = eS 939 TRUCROMISCUS s2< 2. teense = eal tae 947
GehrOOCcOnthus 2222-2 9 eaten 938 MOTELS OF, == ens 2 aed eee ae 940
I CLTACIUD oe oe ee ae 939 TMOLRBSO THIN: =) 2 se eel 948
IG ULCLIS see cae re oe oe a 944 MeQUNIZUS i= 2. 22! tinted eee 956
disciformis ------------------------------- 933 ALEVITESUOT US I ote SD a OS DS 938
dolichanthus - --_-_----------------------- 946 melocactiformis. +3260 3) one Ser a 947
drageanus_____- A TTT 958 TAN DEL ss a os 2 oa oe 955
droegeanus._----------~------------------ 958 muehlenpfordtii____....--..--------2-_- 933, 965
dura [NWA Sans cease eee Sas sae TS Sa SSF 951 TVILUEICOSLALUG oo teens oe ane 935
echidne bene aadeelc Luo r. wbakbvnes = MUYTIOSHO MO = Se ene een 954
EIECTOOCTG tbe Meet ey se eee aan ees 958 catia. 958
2s Re gna asi oe aaa eal nodosus_ : c 2 : i j : : : é : : : Serer Oe 933
epee Sat UE eine ok tae sc a.c eke ee OVA ALIS! bo 2 cous el a 938
ellip eke peter cee ea foe 7 a eee 959 OCH OLE CUS 2 ee 940
CT Pa AMET STOTT aC iT 943 OCtUCU NTS Se 8s. ee Oe eS 940
MECHISDIENUS teers nos ee eee 945 oreititi 945
CTESTCT ILS ten eee ein PO Sat men es a OPT earn ae a Le Re Pe cae
PialiteniMein aboot ka pani Se ene ED 953 Ornalus eS 2th eo ee eee 955
Walconent 22 a= 25s ea= she 3peteccesr SS 943 orypterus--.-------~-------------------- 947
LHS DINERS: teas = Sos 22 edantonvs IE 948 palmeri_--------------------------------- 953
flavovirens Rv aE eng eo ati Bee he a eer nee SA AE, 946 pectinatus Fa a oe ms a lp mo 926
eniapinutes---c228 2 -2bc-2. JSR! 938, 948 pectiniferus ___--------------------------+ 926
flexuosus Tinta op os pn Bln su Heknt e's + oe ee eae 939 pen STSULCE® © 2 alos Vest Se Se 945
REED Rites Takia nce Samed on I STORTIC 940 DENLMCOMt hs: onan ae ee eee ee 938
oer stente= 22a ids ty ees AM 940 Dfeifferi.__.-_---------------------------- 946
ig (¥en ODE Crem aie Sie: 943 phyllacanthotdes_...-.2..._ 2... Lise 939
eapEDT eR Bk tern caine syed AEDS 958 phyllacanthus__-___-------------------+-- 939
TE ee OI Nn ke 952 phymatothelos__._-_-.-----------~--.----- 957
ITLESUNECN Lit os 5 os 5 oe 955 sh US _ - a BR RE ee = = ae
GL Sar ee Se ee 946 plstyacanthus: “— === 222s eee
Gladiatiseesss - 27.2. 2 pene Ree 939 platycephalus © 2) 2522. | Cee ee 954
LAIECESEBTER os fo hs) DS pee 946 polycephalus 22222: . = eee 953
GT ONMCOnnipe. 2a 35 2 =. ee ee eet 937 DOVTCCVUS Pane a ee oe ae 958
PATI Sweets a aa ean 952 poselgentanus=—— 285. 2 Ree 965
CRISES DINUS es a eae aed 940 DOUS LS So Se ee 959
PISO IOS Se angeles cei 952 DTING UC ee ee aoe ee 942
RILETROCRCM MER UG ek 2 sa ae 949 DIUM OSUS Se See 2 ee 898
haematochroanthus_-___-_-----_-------_--- 948 pulchellusa 22.2 22. Se ee 927
Ti CEITUEL COTE ALS = ay tf. ea ae 948 QUAM abe eae eo en 940
IND Se EL OE OED ST 933 rojaelensis® 2.2 ss 2S eee 949
TRE TALI OSS ere oe eee ae Osa uae raphidacanthuse._- =~... 0. eee 940
HOSTUG Somes nt er Le aun ark 935 raphidocentruss 2 is eee 940
hetenacunthis! <. 22.3 2.2.3. coals 936 reclispinuse: ©2122... -.._ eee 945
ELEN OCRTO MUS a oo ee es 959 RAOUL re ae ee oe a ee ee ie 947
pexacanihus = * 2. = ot ee 940 TEMCNENDACNIES Sas Oe ee 925
hercedrophorus.- 22202 Se ee 957 rhodoputhalmus.-- =~ -- 42-52 = eee 959
heydentie tes a8 io. ye 940 TIDCONENSIS S325 oe a Ne ees 957
SUT, 2 eee ee eee Eos ret ee 947 Tabustine. on Ss ee ee 945
WOLODLETUSe tee 2 S22) A 2k ae ae eaed 955 SG en sige. 2 ot ee se ee 965
ODER, 8S ae 940 SHU TILCNS Re aa eae ee ee 965
Horizont halonivis:: 222 ...-- 2a ee ee 953 BCREET Rs ee ne ee ee ea 956
USITICROCENETIS 2 ee 940 SCUSTINGUS tok ann ee ee 933
ITI POnS see. es 2 oN ee 952 SUIUAUES 2 oe eS ee 948
DILOVLETIUS ee Be ke ee I ee 950 BOLENRCUNLNUS ~~ 228 = aes ee 948
LOMEMOSUS he Pens oS) lt 937 Sphaenocepnaiue.... 0-5. oe ae 937
fancifer eee es 52 Sos eo eee 939, 947 SUITORS an ca eae 947
latiscostaies= 35 ko St 5 eee 953 SLAMS a han esa naan ie See 942
MOUS THN US RE ee fe se ie 948 Staplesiten Ce one eS as ae 890
MECONTEL eR. 2 ee oe 2 Se ee ele 944 etellavuse. | ono 2 ea oe ee 948
BEUCOLININISH Reo 222 Saas 958 SUDPOMMECUS: 2a = on one nee 958
xVI INDEX.
Page Page
Echinocactus sulphureus__......-.-.--.----- 940 | Echinocereus merkeri__-_.....-.-._.-._-____ 928
ferelispinuUs 2-55 t2255-s22555 22 940 mojavensiss..2:222scsseceses2-22 921
beipazciphis 2525. So 2 Le | 936 Mmulticostatusco 55 JsohcaeSo ee 922
LOLETIBISE So ee oe oy 954 Pacificus..21 32.5223 ogee seca 922
theo e ee. ooo eat e ccs 958 palmer >...<s ces Je seee eee ee 927
FORGIG et 2 2 Se TS 955 pectinatus:.. cossvdi2zieace ee 926
PY ECULMUINUR aoe re aS 948 PenSiis As 2s sess Sa sae 921
INDICA TMNUS 9529 an 940 pentalophus..22-2- 225... Ses 924
PICU RTIMLUR Sos on eo ook Se 938 polyacanthus:=2=--+222242s<<<2co ea 922
CANO OUS a ean a= ae ae 940 POBEIGETI+ =~ 0984 Sake shee es ee 902
SOLEMN Sear etek! 2 ee eee 950 DOSCLGETIA THUS aera eet Sa ee 924
TULONSI Reo saa eee 3 Se 958 pulchellus 22. eee ee eee 927
PUNDIT ON INES. <2 2 ooo 3 se cones eee 933 ht 11111, | ea a a RE eT eA FS a 925
MUCOUS: 25-2 .522-- 222 eae 949 réichenDachis-s2 so 620 ee 925
MU TMTULOUUS eS Son ee NS 938 FIPIGISSiMuUS 55--4o.c5 2 sae eee 925
WUNGUIS PINUS = sino ome oan ee 950 reetterloc ee ee eee 926
DONMCLOCYE = =. hose casa cocean sees 946 TOSClN 3 ooo oee aoe a ee 922
DICLOTION GIRS = 2 moe cosa one oee see 946 TOM GE oon SoS ence oe ee ne 925
TION OTUS 2 os -— nao 5 5 wa 937 RUDESCENS 552 a ecc eae soe eee eee 923
PANU ESEENS ass esa eae 947 PUSISDUNUS soe nae ae oo on ee ee 925
WISTIBG A foe 5 5 soe se os ose 952 salm-dycklanus :-250 10a ee 921
LTT (iy Pn! CCIE ERR I OES a 932 BQLITUATUS Sc Sse cne secs Sea a ee 921
DD ELMANM sc ac 2 ooksk asa cnsee 936 SaPisSOphOlus =-22 5022-2 2= 2252532 929
SIMU OND ea a tcc aso sce et 943 scheenl 2+ 222 sessc2sesce ses ee 920
TAR HARININUS anos 2= oa bao aac ee ee 937 SCIQYUS = 3. Sele 85: See See Se 924
Pichinocereus:-2 0-0. 9-22-20. 2-2. aca eee 918 Scopuloram:.- os. 2 os 2 2- a 926
Cert () SE ES eee RS Peay ee 922 epinosissimus.-- 52 2220 923
MTISLUS Aa eka cekcko ckcrecen nc eee 925 Straminous:. = °<:.---252 2022222 es 930
SINQEHIS fo o-oo nese ee ee 927 Subinermis.. -=.-io23 42. =2 225.5. eee 923
DAE HSlOWANUS? Wo <2-53s22252cessee2 930 weinbergil. --. <~- 0222 -3s-ke eee 926
blanckth 2 cot oon eee 924 ji sechinofossulocactus. =. =. --2--5-.-+5- 2s eee 934
brandereel:--sss2s0505-.50 2 eee 927 sibatus:..3-<.22--5 3 <26--3. 222 = oe 936
PRESTUOSUS oso 2 2 scccow asset eee ee oe 925 anfractuosus-...-...5-5=425-.--2--.23e 938
COLNOUUS sma Sa cans eet cae ae ee 928 SITICGHS = 5 - <> ~ 55 = one sess aoe ee 937
CONUS nin ote sta as eo Oe 950 Confusus. «22. 5.556—505 05553 en eee 939
ehloranthus=. 256. oeass cca se eee eee eee 923 coptonogonus..5..>.. =s=-.2---=2-2e=eeee 935
chlorophthalmus... -2=< 525 5ese ee 926 crispatus ..... 2-5-3222 52 eee _ 938
PINIGLASCHNS sacs asescew aru aoe 925 diehroacanthus-2--2- 2-222 - eee 938 -
CET CN US oss i aoe 925 Cnsiformigus... s/232 ge ee 937
CONPIOMELALUS. 525552 25-20Se555—-2-e 929 gladiatus.._-. 5-22. = 939
PA) SLSYA) (0 (Oe aa Ser eT EM DS At 924 prandicornis:~ -2.-22--s=- 2 =e eee 937
dasvacanthus. 2... s2-s2oses nena eee 923 hastatus-=-+~s---=.c2-—-5- see 935
75 (cL E-7.1 t Ca ne e eS 21) 920 heteracanthus.-:...._.- 92 eee 936
GUDIUS =) ccc. sSaceweateanoaeden oot ee 929 lamellosws: =. 32.<2. 4.2. -.2. eee 937
CUPENGENSS = ae wen aoe ee 922 lancliere . coeceae ct Sao s eae le 939
ehrenbergii--..-.--..-- soon cts eee 930 loydiis = ae cane os 9 ee 936
enrelmannit = 9.5 scene 920 miulticostatls:...22-1- scan 935
enneacant{hus. 2s sssndscnue ss ese eee ee 928 obyallatus=.-.- 5-23-5256 =- 938
Wendlenien sos cwscee sans souwe oes ee 928 pentacanthus:...-.5-....<. eee 938
FUO LOTUS Se pe oe ae 922 phyllacanthus=-—-=~22-2-5 motes 939
GUCIMONDNUS 22 a ose an Oe 925 tricuspidats $222.22. ee 938
STANGIS: 2 Soc ceaw awe Eee 923 VWiIOlACIHOLUS 2 snc 5-3 2 Eee ee eee 937
LEYS oa) 672) tT ee eS Se ee eI Se a 928 wippermanniiiy 22.2523 ee ae 936
HUtCHOLGNSIS =< -2 2 oto ee 921 zacatecasensisse 2 =. - 2 sa ee 936
CET os aye pisos oaee wee 927 1) “dehinomastus 2222222334. 950
en p REMaNUS 5 soccer oe ee 927 1) 2B chinopsis amoena=.-- 22. 3 ie ee eee 927
[SOR fol SoC OS PO SARA ORR NII = 12! CE 926 haageana: 2225252 eee 955
A GERI oe es eee enc So 922 Wd0steos os 2s es See 933
TEOENSIR oe eo eS O24 i (Hiehitess (2 2b es oa ee 1163
lentaconthus?. se Se SO en 924 bignonigeflota 222 ee 1156
TZEDVUETIO TUS one ee ge 927 CONUOIMUNLOCED a2 se ee 1162
JOMPISCTUS see ee 930 glaucescens= 2 3222 222 fo ee 1162
MAG LOUS 2 eee Se at eae 923 hypoleucd. 222s ao 1160
PSN AHS 2s oe ae eee eee oe 930 TONUGITOS, 252 =o oaa see eee 1160
AMATI 35 2 eee ee ee 922 MUCTOsiphon. ce. 3o- sccee5 ee eS 1160
Page.
Mehites waracanis s)he 1162
DIU AOS Oe eee eo Bo ee ee 1161
STI COL ES See ey a OD 1158
SULAVEDLCTUS a= Rin es ee ee ee 1160
PTROLED LO SHORIIIO 99 ap 9 3a PS Fe EO 1181
PLUG ee eI he set ea ee ee 1228
BE ya) Tals se acs tt hte EP ee L 1289
BRT CTI ee ee oy dn he tity eee cee a EE 1226
PON NOS Ore ee ON rcs es ee 1225
IIE OS ee eee oh 1113
GEOR Y Wie nc NN 1142
REET OTE a Se hes a 1142
BOM AC ATLA Ae Pe eee 1202
JOST YG I = 2 a oe ee Seren eNews 1036
ibngorda-cabra- <2) 50s 1262
Pama ad ais kee ee a ok a 1150
PPT ESL ET eee SAT Se fe ee 1177
PENRR ET un cies sey ao Le ae ee Le 874
FGMELOG ON Se ee oe 1055
Tee tes es Ig NE a TS 1245
12) 0%:V70) A (ee Snes ER ct Tents Se 2 1245
Mpiphivilam=! oo Soe. 5 1009
Hpitherantna ss! en oe 933
WET CRC RR Oe ee ee 1090
PPRIOCEN CUS afer S18 es eS, 918
RIO GUCL YON fo se i eres 1214
BISCOD ATI Hite Skee ot eee 971
SCO DI aerecgen ss oe Sn 1134, 1145
elinio ss 5.95 a4 -2. seen 1026
PRISCODT pS eS ee 1042, 1061
OPT OMe = Ae oe net. 1223
SHISCOIE TI eee Se Se eee 893
Hseonpioncilla. 2 2 322 1106
PES piri erent iy) 2 eee 1301
|) (2 acs) 5 See ee ae eR OREN CS 1241
Geimpalomano 2-9 2 ee eas 1242
Espino meeros=. 28. 2st oS Tc eit acaenais 1241
MLCOE. 2 ee eal 1106
MSpinosilay as i ake Ale eimai 1211
Bsauinsyche =: -2.: 805 te een 1225
ESCUMSILCHUL 88 =e oo. ce aaa 1226
Mistachanuiter 2.5 28 ee 2 ened 1029
HESUGL ACR AT ie bo es Se ne 1130
ESTOTaAgiiC wera 2a. aoe 2 on. eee anes 1130
SUTCLHGO eee oe tee sn aie ee 1125
Pcalintome 8 2 tek ee a 1032-
10 bo b7 2) 1 ee ELS 2h 2 en 1032
IDO TECTOS a2, eg ER Tae 1039
MACADUICENSISS 55 _ 8 ee eS Leo 1046
avicenniae...)- po 2 a ee 1043
ES. fee ee Oe ne OS Tne 1045
Calvcorectoides._). 2. = eee 1044
Capi oo ee ey 1044
COlMpENnsiIs =. 2 A 3 1046
CONZALb =) = oa he a ee 1041
Geltoidea:” --* 023... 25 ee eee 1045
OCU Geis se te ee ee 1042
frboren soso ok Se ea 1041
guatemalensis. 200. 0 oie eo eos 1043
hypargyrea_____ wotieeacsee ws sok s eee 1044
INCONS PICEA = 3252 eho Ss Sak ee 1043
HUET IOS ras es tee eS eI ee 1041
OMWINISKVANI 32522 Se Se ae, 1044
IG) shat) eh ee ee ee 1044
ndeniana 2302s. So. See yee 1045
T9688— 24 ol
INDEX. XVII
Page.
Eugenia macrocarpa__..-...-.---.-22.22)!_2: 1045
marlin Gas Jos 55 Ye 1046
WAV ANA 2c et a Se 1042
TR ORICRN A se 8 Se Ss eR 1045
Oaxacana =<. 28 3 eee 1043
Origangides 20.002 - 2) 22h eee ae 1042
FOKOle ce 4 oA on a 1044
rhombea 55. 2 aoe ae RO 1042
echigdeanas..-2 os ee a 1044
Sinaloaes- 2.2. .- 2 eee pe 1042
tomentulosa- 2. eee 1043
ipuncifjiera. = 22 22 2 a alee De epee 1041
PINIAOTAS 2 a eel 1039
MalApensise es Soe eae aa 1045
Evening-primrose family___________________. 1045
LOUTH] 5 eae ne EN ey UB fs et 1195
ROP OniNIIM 2 2 oe se 1202
Malsabelladonmal: <8. 0c 9) evens fa 1294
azonanthus: 2 2 2s. ie ieee 1305
Ierocactus £26. ee ene) oleh aie 940
acanthodes. 2 2-285 a fee 944
alamosanus==. 25". ite ee eee 946
chrysacanthuse 8s = 2 aes 943
COwdlleit asl oe he ee 945
erassihamats : = 2-2 3 a5 eee 948
Giguebiie. 2 se hte ee 944
BCRiGnG= 28 Ao 5 es ase a eee 946
HAVOVIFeNS == 22 eee ee 946
FORCE ts oe OE NS 0 ae ee oe ey 943
@laUCeSCONS soa ey ee oe ei 946
nheamatacanthuss 222 222.2 ee 948
ormidtiss yk A ee ee 944
labispinus 2.52). 2 a ees 948
leconetet:2 Si23- 2 oe os ee ee ee 944
MACTOCISCUS=520~ 325-2 SS 947
melocactiformisS= 3 => 6a es eee 947
Ma@Wilagek fe Ae ees ok ae a 947
OV CUUGES 2 2. ai ee ao 945
Meniniswlae ess ee Sey 945
DEingleie sS0 2625 ise el eh aaa 942
ReChiSpinuster = 6. 22— lol ee ieee ae 945
POWMSGUS 2 oes ae ta 945
ROSGU 2-222 nn Son = ey ee 949
Santamaria 2 ocho Sa ie ee eee 944
Staimesiis =.= S825 58 2) Pee ee 942
hownsendianus: 2.22 ea ee 943
TINGINAGUS 3: = 32 ot ee ee 947
Winidescens. >... 22h. 33 bo eee 947
WISIZe meee ee ee ee eo 2 ee 943
HGverbushe ss s-. a ee ee 1085
Bie wort fATly - 2s 8 goes oa oe 1304
(ii paw Apes oe 2, ek Se ae 1249
elmarronal 25 2 See Ne se er 1249
Cs (9) 0) 1: eee eer eee ens Se eee 1250
IDISCH OLA ae wa) s Une eee ee 1173
CEST SEE Se Sh ys Ppt ee, SS ATP Ca DS Dupe eo) 1191
ioride nlacramns = 4.220 202 os ae ee 1234
MIC IATCLO Se 8 aoe meine ee Nao 1077, 1078, 1079
Gena ess ieee t os se. Le. A ee 1010
CGN CATIA ies a ee 1285
decandelaniae ss #222. Eee 1202
derchupamirto = Soo 2 ee 1211
5 OETA AR OV a tO ere WR ee SE ere SE 1211
de-eolmienas® 2 2 bork ee i ee 1280
Geensartar 2s) v Sys a ee eee 1150
XVIII INDEX.
Page. Page
ior de: Habana 'is2=5- 3. so - - e t e 105%. | MGayuba:del paiss25-2 = Jo. eee ee 1098
Ge Jessie 2.8 ses Ns ss ee 12370)|) Gelsemine- 2. 222 (58 So ef ee ea 1142
Geis orig eee es a es 1949) 110) || aGelsemivm sy 92) oe es a ee 1141
GGA V Ol ee ee ae 1104/1149; 1150) | oGhiesbreghtia: - 2. - - 5 oe et 1306
(00): 42), See SO eR yE RMS ee J 11490 | t@hiniay ese ee 1236
de Pastas 252s - a a eee 1208 Vi aGieantes 22 8. 3 905, 914, 1032, 1278
GejsanuGayetanos. oes. 522 eee 12404: WCW ek 2 ela SS ae ee Oe 1209
Geipan Disgos. ss ee 1293 GUNNS ek eke 1211
eer san sian = a oe. 3 eS 1160 Qublapac se So 2 ee we ee 1210
deipanta arias. 2 22.2 = eet 1237 hergordits: 2 ee 1210
Gesenonas =o) - -oo=- ae eee 1150 deniifoliaetet 3322.0 aS ee ae 1210
detodoiel ano ==... =-_--. ..... see VS) Gili bertin eso 2 a ee 1083
Gelienerna: 2.8 952. 017.2) uekinoriai see oc =: oo * ones ee 1026
del CUSrV02: <= =. 50-4 aeL = eee 1150's] Ginseng ts!) Ae a 3 1080
Cel Gig 22 5 28. = ees enter hare eel: 1156 fami) yet os oe 1080
Gelato see 3-8 a ea O74 | GGlorine: 4 3 ohh ees ee a 1294
Gplomibo: =2e 2 aso eee £165)| WGolondrilla.. 0s: a ee 1145
deli mnertoo-_ << 5 -e RReS 1LOPIIO2 7) HGomar Ooi) 2+ ee oe 1218
Geli NG sce cee ee ne ee 10g #) “Gonguipor sae. 2s 4G ee 1223
dealisaldadoy- 25-5 ee eee A 1280 | Gongylocarpus ss 2 Sok i Oe 1076
GeMtOlds wees ec ee 11501 MGonolobusiaiiatensis::.—— 1193
MGHONerNG = tet ccd tae ee 917 engiustilotus....< soe see ee 1192
Mlgrieundiat 2. ---o- os cc 1284 OSD ere sn 1190
MOTiNimGib = 2 2 ea Se et ee 1284 Gipatues) =e ee ee ee 1191
Mloripondlos. =~ 2s ose ase 1284, 1285 barbaite: 2 Ss 1192
AebMmOnte! 2 1284 Chlcitoln 20. oe be 1191
MIOMPUNGIO a: = tsa ee eee eee se 1284, 3285 COMMA SE I ee ee 1190
DIGNGO = 2 oe eee 1285 vhioroniitiea os. tk te ee 1190
LE ee eee on ee ee eee tee 1077 CHIYSONINURS oa oe 1190
NGreSHOrS 4 Seca asus eae 1139 congestus es 2c ee te ee 1189
Worsterouie:.—-s 2 soe ec 1158 diadematus 2 is et ee 1188
Pral lots 739-25 .55 p22 Sern se 1152 Cnminita cos ee oe eee 1192
TAN PI PANT = he oc Se 1150 SUQterTULEL Bes. Co ke See 1190
DP ARID 2 oes orto eee 1133 PUBCUS eS ose eee 1189
raving o_o ososeee eee ee ee 1133 Oracilisin sb fede eee 1193
TeV COT OY ONG ot os tee ee Re 1303 hastulatues cee nse eee 1187
NTOSNO Se a oe ee eet 1133, 1135, 1136 INCONESPICUUS oe oe ee Dee 1193
Mriega-plato---2--2~ 22-2 bot 1295, 1296, 1301 fGliscensisnecs et. sede su see 1193
Mrotaiboemba=.2-—see ee eS 851 lanceolatuss...W- ee eee 1188
CGOtDRV Aire = 2 32s ce Se 1109 littoralises. 522k ee eee 1188
1d) Li) | re ee ee 1094, 1151, 1232, 1287 luteolus=22es soo ii ee ee eee 1188
uCHSISa= i... <-ss- ee 1077 MGC OTT < sac 2 oceans ee 1191
ACUD ASU. oe ee eee 1169 MuagnifoluUs 25— oo ooo ee 1188
OSG soe oe ee eee 1077 MLOTTUOY OBUG IS os ice ao cee 1192
Gal G Th So le 1281 TAG CTE as So a ee ere wa 1188
AG Giles 232s eo a 1281, 1283 QUOT ESCENS 523s = eo oe 1192
GG NOChO nesses eel 1010, 1201, 1282 peclinatusis 2 2.05 ete 1192
Ge tarde ne RIS 1282 metiolaniae = 1. sos te ee 1189
Galantes1-= 202252 s2c4ee ese ee? 1296 DilOSUSi ses See 1191
Gallinifas del certo >. sso-e ss te eS 1202 DUS DUS SIA 2 re SL 1190
LG LUCA SE ROL eee ets 1306 réliculatus Ue soso ope 1189
GrAFAT DINOS ee ge 911, 1095, 1288 sidacfolius: 26.22 ee 1189
AL UARCUIO = sss sw bs ET 1241 SONOTIUS2. eo es ee 1192
Garden huckleberry 2. 220-2 2s 222222-22 2S 1297 stenopetalis! {o335-- eS eS 1190
WAT COGN = 24a oes eee a 1279 StHIGHUS 250 ios oer gone ers 1190
MCAT SP ah ae a a Se rg 1132 StUbeniferUus Ae ee ie se ee 1189
Garrapatillass te tes jo 1132 UNQENS sizes z sede sss eS SS 1188
ATTY see Fees a SR et si st SE 1084 triflorussa 2-2 «5 35- eau daca RS 1189
NG AE tp ns ST 1201 tristig2 2 os tbso 5 SS ee 1191
MGEUELG EOLA has Ss a ee STI 1092 UNE OTE BS 255523 33 se 1178
Ciiataac a ey 5 REPRE! DY 1100 Wniflorus: 223222 eee SE 1192
TAR SUE 0 pro hn oh ew le OS EB 1100 Delt nus 28 nb a ee SS 1189
GUT a 3 Se RS oS A eo 5 ee 1076 VITESCENS Soir ie on SO 1192
REV LUSS ACL oS a 1101 Panthoirichus: 23223335 os ee 1193
COT GAOL Ox = ans 9 ee 1102) "Gonzalea qlabidass ae eae 1240
INDEX.
Page
<rooseberry;, Barbadoss. 2222-2 250 Ae 859
Spanish cee a tk he 859
Worro de Napoleon =22---<- .=-222222 =e ee 1284
Gothored@a=- = 2 22~ ete ne 1178
REVO eDNIGUG= sess i2e i225 ce oe heh le 1132
Karan Aga mee ites te wa hi as see 1027
NGranad Haas =~ 22-22 ss eis de els ARE 853
NGrAanAGilOweeeen ste esi tt ils eee 1026
NER OGG sae men ery ly a a. ik ee eee 1027
Graveyard-Howenr=-2 222 o2 . tas =) ce eee 1150
TETELAT ACE tee e nes Sen SA ae eee ree yee 1278
RRS Gee a eee see a aS sh Seip eee nen 1219
Grosellavazmlada: sets -25552"iss=ssseeeerNenee 1072
ST TOSRNOLOME Si ae seas sos Le eetty eee 859
eENUISGT Ine ee see ee Seen eee Sa SRC RR eee ee 889
NERTTEDI SOTTO et enya 8 See on SS Sm BN ee 1061
SRIACHALACOM I as hastens oS SRee St Leae 1155
RAC HI CMe ae nese mes ans AS Shee Se le ee 1085
AG ac hichie 822 <2 2 acm ss oe eae t es SURE eee 1212
TerAchichile st 4s ser === 019s Sawa ne eee eee ee 1211
CHU CORSE EP Ewen hs sas Nels be Ve el a eT 1293
IGiAcOchiles oats. hear ats eens TY eee 1113
CTUEACTI COS ne see tees oe Sb eee Se 1043
(GRU SS SO ee eee ol 1285
RIAL OLODO Meese en hae ee aCe eee eee 1295
CHTASLOIMALG Nett te Neen eae eee ee 1109
GuaticorcoloradOrt "22282 "82 hs lo eee ee 1154
CORTIT RAD Spc St ah ai ea a PR apie al 1036
GEENA OFF gk De NR A li es 1036
VETTE Le seg DS ee eee aoe oe 1037
COOMA A Fa see = eee Pe ee ee 1036
Gene inde se no SSeS See 1036
MRIDTISHNO 2S seen no near ne eee ee 1036
THAUZANOU fat nen Sena: eee ee eee oe 1036
ATG LOSS Ota eee ee en ee De Ee 1035
Peruana es Tae ee eae ee aaa sae 1036
PoVeD TONS) gs hace Beate al fe te ca Pere ss eee hat 1036
GR TEESE) OF can a a TSE al dps Fe ee 1036
Gnayabillons: 222225255 5° 1035, 1037, 1042, 1043, 1114
Raa DLO se oe ae ea eae a 1014
CG ADEE G9 Oo ay Sia at ro ole oer en KR Se 1036
MOLVCMAU One sa at on eee eee eee 1036
GAO Uae nee enc ee ne eee 1128
KRY ACATT NOPT Or <2. ne sone te oe eee 1046
RITA VATION eee ene ee oe eee ae 1128
RETINA MIMS se ae ec ase Se eee! 1119°
MTIOT AIT ORM on nae ee ee eS 1219
ENDS ONCE CRASS ETE (a RS ae re PS 1185
Giiaidenjazmineiwlos- 457.422 age DAG 1294
CUINIGCTETAG ME oe ee Sh eee ee ees aia 1122
TiC -VaAnTiaie nn. oo ke — Sd ee ee 1094
ROTH ORAZ AH eeeR ee eo Saas 1273
ERG EOVA DDS LO ge Ry a Mh LA yale PSS io 1106
GAITITICEER tan) kee 1039, 1294
S@aTiVAM NO see oe os a or oe en a ale ee 1160
CTSA Oe ne Se ol pe eee 1299
(CNT yO 2 IN ee re ee ee eS ee 1301
(Ohta eae 1037
MU ISLOIMALO S02 oe sea aeons eee 1301
Mulahorente os. 60s on ec eno oes ee 1218
Grimiclastic. o-oo eee ee 1116
IS ID Dia. ew ie Die ees ee ae ee a See ee 1120
ABO Meee et eee ee 1220
HIAUTOURINTNUS 2 oe ne 1280
PERRIN Tia Lent shee ee ee te 1026
XIX
Page.
HEIN CMOdICION 23 oo Se ate 1159
PT aMaALOCACHIS. ~o= Fe 2 sane 2 Oo ar a 933
ane binal =: 228 oe 3 Sen as oe tae a 1026
LBC VET G) abbey) | eee ee eS pe eet Sree Se a eee 1026
inching ean ac ee Be ola 1026
Eaplophytons 22 2. ies ee ae 1162
PEFONGSSETIO' 232 se he een ae a 1013
eieichina les. ea ae a OC ed 1026
TE EG NB Yoh ob 6 (0) [Cot ies We STR Se a ey PP ah 1026
(Eva Chino Hee = 2 es eae le ee 1026
12 (DN: a ee ae ee ok Die ter Ne 1076
Heberdenia______ ee ee ae ee 1107
15 (Gi) cto ye. ee SRE Te ee Ce hs ee ee 895
ECU EO eo A ee 1271
HeEdera alariss on ee ee 1083
122) bh eS Ss ae ee eee a ee ee 1080
Hediondillac == = 2 SpA Tis ant Se 1280, 1281
fediond) s=h noe str ine ee gehen 1281
PETC CTA ere ee ee oe 1050, 1051, 1052
JV era ab sy ee ee i ee eS Se en na SU Reh 1025
PTB OCErOUS 8 4.2 LY ee a ee 907
Te Opn YCu TM 2 ke oy ine emo 1231
Ficliotroplo==..- 4-2 eee ee 1242
Heliotropium oso 282 ie Sa ees 1233
ONUDR CLOG CS: 2 as 2 as eee hg ee 1231
iemichaenas 2) i222: ee 2 eee 1311
FELON Aas = sa oe eae ee ee 1025
Hiespoeralaeg ct 22 se ao ste a 1139
Heteracentrone: (oon) 222 ke ee as 1050
FT elerONIOING === 5355 8 eee 1049
PeLerOUniChUMm 25-22) ee eee era 1070
18 Vs(0 brs So ee ee On ap Ue ee ea = 1167
Gevlayinidiaas 3: 2-2-2 ee ae 1204
extranjeras oss =.= 2-0 eee 1080
ilerbe) buena: == s22ec <2 oe ee eee 1248
Me-alacra ne 6-22 eee re 1113
Geilavalfereclay {22-2 Ss <-e e e e 917
Mev@risto-. ho Bs 2 ae 1249
deilacucaracha< 2202) se 1160, 1163, 1166
apilasieseohase 22-2 ee 1145
Ge lawmosca. 552. 32-5205 oo ee 1147
me dedaumula sont 2022 se 1234, 1247, 1282
deilayprincesas-.. - 2) 23 2 ee 1245
detla‘punzada.. ...- 2. = 2.22 ee 1168
de. SanvAntonio:.- 2. 2 esas ee 1211
deiSan,Josés.=--../55--2.445. 2.423 sees 1154
defSan. Juanes: ~ 22225-22222 25 1160
GeiSan)Pedro--3. 2 1-222.) = eee 1020, 1295
Gevlaisanene: 2305.05 eek ee eae 1249
deilasuena <2. =) So eee 1310
Gollawwirgeni« 220 <3. eee 1211, 1229
@ebborracho.4 2. 30-522 26. ee 1273
deliburro.- 8522 ee ee 1231
deliceniz0 uit-4245 a ee 1228, 1306
deli@isblo. 225 -22525535.2. =... ee 1113
delfrailés:2:. 3.40 soe: el ee 1017
deli gigante:= 25-2252 2 a ae 1278
Gellloroz2.2 3 eso ee ee 1234
GelmeCnO S83 eae se ees 1113, 1232, 1248
GelipHSInO!e. a he ee ee 1224
doliperoe ss =< =. Ses eee 1280, 1296
delitabardilias- 2-30) 48. ce a 1055
Geliepozan: 3-22 2--5- ano eee 1145
PARSINZ LTO Sas ee te nee 1231
Gi COs a ae eee 1244, 1245, 1248
xX
Page.
Hierba hedionda --.--.---------------+------- 1282
TiiGabe a ee ees SS eee 1245
Tumi bree 2228s see eons eae 1113
WNGr eae ss edn oe hae gene 1296
raspoSa..-.------------------------------- 1232
RAR Gene eee ae oe ee ens eee 1214
Higos de mastuerzo-_--_---------------------- 852
detetetzO aoe os22=-2-=2hsol eas 22 ee SSeS 897
ipierdss ==. 2 = sones2=2=28s25s=---4=-5=——— 1083
JB Ug 10 a pea ae 1113
ERUbie eee es see koko es ese cece ee see 932
Himantostemma---------------------------- 1193
rinchtike) -0 2-5 2<5225222225<222ss2e-S=-=55-= 1126
IO iO oe 8 3 See Soest ens seseess-S3==5 1211, 1212
Hoitzxochitl_-__-..-----=---====+-=-=-----=-=- 1106
Hoja chigiie-- --_----------------------------- 1237
de jabons: 22-2 2e22225=222425¢==2--===-—— 1130
de jope..----+-----=-------=----------="= 1251
die manteca===-=-osesesceesecseseeucesuce® 1295
de pasmo-------------------------------- 1066
de:San: Pablo.-==+2s22222s2s.<==-=222--== 1214
de san Pedrots=2 -== s.2s2s2-52=222----ee= 1013
Gewopes_<s2 22222 25e-226-5-55=2==-==-2==- 1251
Ci eb Jo) f(s See eer Rae es a 1298
Homalocephala..----------------------------- 954
Hombre viejo2. 2222. 2222+ =2252-=2s252=--=- 911
ighiitip eros." 222 sere oen eee eee P= == ee 1218
Hortensia de gufa-___----------------------- 1170
We LCT jag Se a pea ee a fe 1251, 1252
POACHICNUO=. ote ess 25-585 sacaSe eee 1211, 1212
DS a fe, 8 > Cog ape ee ee ee 1123
RUT he en a oe ene ees wb oe ese snasose 1226
Ri tianchivink 222 22) Senna ets sess sc eeeeeae 1026
Pidavimillas \ +625 <4 es sceasesse soa Sl See> 1222
EPC ebene ys a8 thas eae eer 1101
Purdon’ 2825s. senses ose ase et aes ee 1297
eitclatsves sos? 22s ss on ee ee eee 1151
Piriclede dia! 52 oh Sed seed eee see 1281
Mennogiic 12% #>aeeec s+ 2 det Sees 1244, 1281, 1282
iuesostde fratles2) 8642 ee es 2 2s ese Se 1152
vee vine Pall Oat sat ae ws eee See eee oa= 1155
GO CAO aes 22822282 555222222 1153, 1155, 1298
Ge"venade s<s4-2< = -2s22222ceM 2 L 903
HPUGVOS de COV OLCLe c 2e2e4 Sse eee 975
GetOresss sos 25 -Stessee see te eee 1155
IAG V CORN bod ede conse os Sosa S5as eee eee 940
Praichichile....2.+<222522222252s- -2U5SeS ee 1211
Paricicialtemeth: .- 22 - .2225525 5525/2 st ee 1117
(PRON CIGUG <4 2s a2 ee Dak es sss SEES 1211
mieéne: 4. ise ss sossezeasec cose SEE 1122
Tin ehUike = 222422 esscccsese nn Je 1126
EMistOmates=2=-2<.2222s2s2ssoec=82see 1298, 1301
Magittimbi0- <2 252-542 22 2225255505222 EES 1109
Huifmigiline «9825 25- s25s25255-3 SRS 1211
Rai znahvatl: =. 24 2 ssh sessscosse Paes 940
Erydropnylacese <<. soso G22c2-ese2ee2 Ssh se 1213
PRVIOGEROUSS = 423+ S22 sosesee0s2s525 2 SESS 912
FQ PONogoNia=-252csci seks esse scstees PI 1131
13 10) 0) i: Ee eae eB: SP 1273
MCRCO ss ch82 2252 bhec 22s sesssesee ES 1041
MGACOLCR. 22435452240 ssseeiaessst ese 1108
FCHQUILO SS: 2+ 5-252 3es ees oknaee se Sees 1250
Wnitlian almond \s422 24255255 4es55seee eee s 1030
Gz get inl 59S 8 Sees eras 1211
Tpomocas= = -. 52522 5322555453. SS 1203
INDEX.
Page.
Tpomocastcwlreta =. >= kee ee ee 1201
aequpiig. ee ee eee 1199
aliias - 2.22. 8 Te eee oe 1199
Glatipess...--) = ae ee eee 1199
Gidek = oe Se eae i ees 1201
aqmpitata.--. 22.22 o eS ee ee ae 1201
AIM PUNACeA= 22 bse ee ee 1206
@NISOMETES 22 se 1208
antillang 58 2 = ee 1208.
@rborescens. 22." <2 =-- 2 o he ee 1205
Grgeniiolin..-2 koe ee 1203
OCR oe a ee a ees 1199
Database ost et eee ee 1203
bombyeina 23222 2.-— 2-22) 2220 eee 1206:
bona-n00=.2.- ===. c30 =. 20s eee 1201
bracteata... = 22. eee 1202
CalVA- 22-2. ap eee ate ed Roe eee 1206
CONZOID = a2 = 2 Oe ee ae 1203
Carmnea.- .2- 25 eesee se ee een eee 1207
Clervensis-2 526 -o- = ee es 1206
CINCH = os tek eee 1202
chenopodiifolia . 22-2. ..--5.- 2-2 1208
erassicaulis. s2_. 2. 825 22 = oe eens 1204
Crinita:. S610 ee oo ee 1207
GOMnAVACENSIS = 2. 2 2e2 ooo eee 1205:
dimorphophylla-=..2_-=-. s=4-252se45e 1208
digcnides perma... =.s==.222=-Sas5 ae 1199
STN OCD 252 = 2 oe fon 3 Sac ene eae ee 1204
hirtiflora=. === 2-3-3 ee 1206.
IPUAIONSIS:-- 2-4- =o eee eee eee 1206.
intrapuosa 23 22 oan nee ee 1205
INVICLA |! 523 Sek ase ee 1206
ficam aioe ssa een es ae ae eee 1207
LQCLESCENS, = oh e- eo ee eee 1196
Tam Dio oe a 1206.
LINGeNY 2 = 2 oho ete eee 1207
MACON 3-6 asa eae sees 1205
MMAINOU 22 =o ee aoe ee ee 1206.
NEOUS a aa is wa ee 1200
MOP 2 sche eee ee ee ee 1208.
WUT ICOM ot ee ae ee ee 1201
IMUTICOMSS: 25 on some eee eee 1205.
@liganths..<~ 5.22 25.22 oe see ee 1208
OTMAENODOGGs 2) 3-5 once ea ee 1200
DUM boone coke we wae anne ee 1200
DENLADAY UW = See He son Se eee 1199
POpUlina oe eons ee ence eb ecee anes 1207
10) 21 YG Ve ie ae ip oan ity ae ee Sse 1207
DULDUSIlo 8 one ee nen ee eee 1207
TROGUCRIYT Cons nnn ae ee 1199
TODINSOn ee ee ee 1208.
SACTUDUN A soe ee ee ne eee eee 1207
SCOPOIORUDI 22 ete a eee ee eee 1207
Sidncjolia. = ale a ee 1208
BUTTONS TR ene Se ae ee 1199
ETI 17 a ag Spy Gs oy 2 1200:
SPCR se ae 1202:
STHNULOS Eee ee eee 1201
CETET OLE en ee eee ee 1196.
VASES Oe ee 1201
FELOT es a eeeee 1204
EUDEFOSC 2. eS SESS Se ee eee 1200.
WOISas SweSS = TEER er ee ee 1207
WOLCOUUIAN A. ent sete nee tee eee eee 1206
RY miSCH ae oe oo ene ae ee eee 1194
NSHiateyiass oes soe: Saba ee eae 1251
INDEX. XXL
Page. Page.
TISSUE it eed Gin eal halle ei arti te me bere ORT ie Kenncinnickss- 2-22 SS ee ee ee 1086
vive englisheec 2 a8 0s ee eee MOSC: |7kenackaway.2nc2~) 228 ote eee 1227
Iequixochitl..=- 2) ues se ae A226) iy oaleskia == 2 ee see 1088, 1089
RARORCHION ease eee ee ee LOSS oda Noah eke ChGs ne fe Soa ee oe eee 850
Jacalosuchil blanco... 2. a. HOT Raunt Ch Ge se SUS oS ee Se eee 850
UTTER TET Nes = Soll 22 la ERR es AE MI S50) pad-289-Vi-xOs Sot See eS se a 1219
Jacobis-laddertamily.--50- 03 ee A208 les piatae. oss a oe es eee 1254
eH ITeIGOMN tla se eee ea eee ON ae ANGss |Wachnostoma n=) oe ee eS 1182
Tae (TTT CLR eae eee ee ae Lok 1104 ROSTIULGLLTN ie we ee a) ee eee 1187
AS TY NON eg peeenee os ee oe Re eee rem ni AIDS eS afoensia! 2 soe oe ee el ee 1024
TEL OTR EN fee RENE pee i ery tenia 1036. |- Gacana de perros. —<==2--- > ae a eee 1113
SII IC Re eee es Skee te, = 8 ets =. See eee OS | pase erSULOCni aaa oes see eee 1026
ILTADOS eet oe Ran er 5S) i 10410: agrimaside San Pedro. = ~~ = ee 1232
AREA AACe PivahAayiba-—ae as oe TOTO) HW eagunculania=—* > 2 Sess ee 1031
RRStAS RO seo eee Seen Ss Se os JOS5h Pam paria sole! oe a Se a ee 1249
UT ELT gota a IAS SER er pee eee 85391026" | lantana-.- 2 ae Se eee 1248
sFOTPRINNALTACHS = 23 es oD se eee ana s 903 corymbosa: 2-5. %2 "se ee er 1222
ALT URUU GE as Sp a A oe SY OE 853 Lippioidess - 2 ea ee 1248
WAPTILLOS ee nie cae ose a a S96 mit) Picanbisco:- a= Le eh os SA eee 1140
SSTMING LS. oo Wn ed en ee iiaee inatabriceg te ot ee Os ee 1140
VGH O Weer sce tee ee 3 ie O14 "15 Weargona=.-- 22 sas Ss ok soe ee 1055
AUESTCOU TT TD LT ke OS ee i eS eee ee eee eI Co TS 1244 naar lee nae LC ee eS 1109, 1156, 1219
Tid STAPTOUE ET ae eT Sete 1132 PLAN COM Se so ee oe 1157, 1219
PRS Ua TT Vig apg ear es te 1132, 1237 Chino’ see eee eke eae 1108
RVAFi a le Sy ee Se ee | 1113, 1237 colorado: 4-222 5252) uses eases eee 1157
Ci HETOn Mee Se he ss et 1087 dela sierra. 2 2-222 <8225 2228 eee 1109
ovAumeling aso. fo ey 1252 TACO se enh een ee 1219
GREE ELI ars oa lon 1294 ROSH eee eee a 1157
GG rerros see on 8 oo” ny 1155 TOSROG oe sae Sk oe EES a ee 1157
deriehuantepec:.--=..<=--..2 +s 19961: |puaurelmlo’: 2.202 nen Soe 1110
e@heainrer en 4 se eee UG 7M USCA ETA e nt at ee eee teen ee 1278
Geltmonter.... <2. 2222) eens taille daawasplatos-52c+--oos2- sea eo ae 1301
LG AT ENE CCH (ee ee ee 124458 laawysonias- 22) ons ob ke eee 1025
CleleMOnLON = 2-25 ee See oe ee WNBS3 ie Mavolizan 2: 22252 -- 222 5: see 1147
AVAL © Sit) ee eee eee nes A075 |Peandra- 2-2-2 2 Se 1058
Jatt 2 oe ee Se een 1202:1207:5 |p laeche de:perra_..-2- 23-22-2522 22 oo ee 1155
AGATA kepieeeh alee oe Ue) sain 2 Af 2ie |B aecherillo:-<- =e ee ee 1155
patil aoe eee 2 Se a oa eee SOs MseGHOSA =e ee ie ec a ee 851
PUI CLL ee Se SS pelt Lise Pinechosoe=2-. 0 = a or eee 1155, 1156
REGCONOSUI Oe nates a nae a Se al 8745809) | Inemaireocereus.._--..----=--¢--=-262--asas— 897
SEGCOROXTG = os kote SS Se ees 874-4 eilnomon Verbenasas.-- 202 so- ce = Se ee 1245
Ae ieee sees a ee kT 2 i en 11993|\Pleengiia de ouey o.2s5-=-=--Sa-- Se 1278
TSaraine ee eS Sere ete 1115 CONS ACO n= aaa ee ee 1152
TRON TN oe Te a ae ean 1294 GOWACA Esa soa 5 aan eee eae 1061, 1145, 1237
avolaeeemetient) firs 2. ins a” ti eed 1152 | Lemio colorado------------------------------- 1098
TO OUC ee eee pt es el ee fri, |) Uap ee eee ae 1212
daranide mOochess= 2245 tes eee TOSI onto] llgeens soe ee 1212
PAN AT ee A ee 1948S nen tiSC0 t 2 o- ae a hs ee oe ee ee 1140
JHAMISIAM A. salen occu sc teu ss es sos e ee eee (24ARale lequchtenbergiaa-2o- <2. =a ae ee 934
(QMHONUO 532-2 - 222s cron ae ae Pe LAT AW GEUCOCUNnDUS 2-2. ss soe ae aee ananassae eee 1311
duanteloa= 2-2-2 2---3-—5 2-222 - 2 1278) | Lenecophyllums:..-- = 2-22 sans eae 1305
SCALOLdGIDIAV A=. esa - nascent eco ee eee {030i plaerlcopremina ssp! see eee ee eee 850
REACH OUP e Re ates a en cs eC oer NTO e lmlsenCothoes ss =~ ee Saree 1091
JUCOMADAMOLS cae ont ose nan ae eee 9137 | igustrames-- 2-22 =. 2 sso sa eee ee ee 1138
AICO ME ne i ne oe ee OUSIO Ua Pia eee we ten oe ae ee 1132, 1242
OSPIIOSOse con 8522 coon as esos eae oe es OOS muta meee ele a Loe. I eee 1132
OlOLGSO soe soa. sc assnee cece ne oe ee NOTOM Iams line eens soe ao ee ee ee 949
Sirsriepeai tl gees mene os eed ns NOY eee O17 PcimOncliOes are ee eee 1106, 1132, 1230
UTE 2)? site os oee cee eee teed 1026 | Lippia albicaulis____....--------------------- 1246
ED ONSI Ha eee en = oe ee Oe ee 1091 americana-_____-_- pea dc eS. SS alae ee 1248
INA DR enacts ee oa hoo ee se see ee 932 anpendiculataese=-- a= sses2 sea eee 1247
LESTE VC Fs) gh se ECR cl 1122 PSE aye es a ee ES OE es Ae ae 1246
TERI 02) pl eg a eee led fees CS Te 1122 perlandierisok + 22. Soot oe ee ee 1245
TRG YEU STENT ae eS Sein a ee 1120 BiCOLOT Na i Meet en ea ee 1246
UTE aay DINE SBR aes, BOE SE RR AE reee BESS 1271 BrCl COS Ore ee Se le 1246
XXII
Page.
Lippia callicarpaefolia---......----.--------- 1246
COLOLEDNOIG» 22 3 ee ee 1246
Chepenets 22 oo ke eee SE 1246
ehraysanthan hee ee ee he Ce 1246
COURIOUUNO: 0 ee Lee 1245
BUSS eee eee eh eee 1248
CTSA C1 1s ae ee 1247
TOPHIOSA 3-2 ee ee 1246
POMiINnAta- Sete Sete se BEM 1248
PravCOlens = anaes as ee ES 1245
BUDO Se Sa ee ete HE EEE UE 1247
WUTGENSENL-— | ooo See oe 1247
hgustrina << 2.2. =4. ces et SSeS 1244
Wicioides ~<a ee 1244
MACTOStACH A= 53. ~ +t ee eee 1245
MUTNOUNG one ee eee 1246
mryriocephsla..c 22. = Soccer aess Oe 1247
murtocephatoides = cocSs ct CS 1247
MULAQHS fe Sok was See ee 1246
GAXACANA. Q ccoe tates decent eee EO 1246
DeNMGN 2 ee Se a ote 1245
POTATUUUEE ort Fe ee ae 1246
stonchadilolia= 4 --s.2-cL ea 1247
BURTON <n eee ee IE 1246
friplnvlass ocean ee 1245
MBCA AS ye ee ee 1246
MUPRIPI SS 2222 2ckes Settee cece eS 1245
RITLCTER UE Oe ot A we oe oe oe en Ae 1247
Piro IDIANCO: 23-8 awe oo eee 1149
COLOTRGO 2 Wet nes eo eee 1150
SOO Te es ee eet ht cee ee 1225
Pithopby tune 22 setae ovew acess cents ee 1304
Wiavinga Stews e ence leek cscs eee 1007
PAUVIAY sites poset tec cseee 1242
CO COPA = = 3 On hos oat oathcsesest 1309
Metuegoecs =e iecccc ces cebee se eS 1309
Bonsai tamil vise ows teu. cceteceees AS 854
GRSACEHEG © ieee st ltcstenescecetecee 8 854
OCKENG ao oes S524 ce tote ste t eeeeeeee 1157
CSE eo 1210
oganiatamily2 2: 2bs 22+ 3 shee BR 2 1141
TgABIacene =) 22 Sane ee eee Sees 1141
EOOSeStr ie Tam y= oe eee eee ees 1114
WOME ase et on en oe ee eee ae ee eee 1014
BG) 6) oY Ste 71s foe OS = as Ca ey eel ey 910
nn HODROEAG 2 oes cona cent cneneasnconeer ess 932
DSA STR apes, aa pe Ar Bel. pe gS pt 1242
POROCO a2 ae note eet ccnoonaenaawsesese eee 1161
I K-SEO0 ee ee reo nace ace 1152
IGKVRNU Ge ce = Sect ee Seer ee eaten 1152
WMG =o oak ee canons nace ence see 1121
(LETT pap lp as Pty Aires ep bpp 1123
TMINUIUNOS = a> ooo dc canes nee cee en ee ae 1120
LETTUCE 0) 214 yl a tC eh pl eae Ne oak ply 1112
POMTUICHE ce eae te eon nc ese lanes oot ene eae 1105
ISM CMIi eee en ee ean See eee eee 1285
Bracnvannint: 20s e ee 1238
WMONAGS oo oe ote on ee ee See eee oceans 1091
Taythraceses = 22a 2a te ces 2t tates 1014
Piyt orm 222 eee ee ness seaee eens 1024
ciliatum _...--- RaSecent nest ea asansences 1017
QACENIOSULM ©. == cone chases see eeel eee = 1017
Wiahhas 28 co = PERE Pat eee ce ee Sati o seen 1124
Machaerocereus >< 22225265: 222 2s8e2 Sete == 904
MV aClGaMIG. 22 eos nee owant ceceece tees tecee sess 1103
INDEX.
WERCECTERGNIMD 8 = coe ok ee 1125
Miicroscepis:.-- 2.0.0. coe. ese ce se eee 1169
Miterosipbonia._ 2-2 -sean 2. 1159
MAdrGnI jets. 2.0 cee eee 1102
INMPadrong= 5 eee 1097, 1099, 1100
harracho=s.- 25-2 ee 1095
ening... 2 ke: | ae 1097, 1102
NER Iota: ate te ol es ee 2 re 1070
NER In Ge Derro. 22-4. 5 32- ee ee 1101
Malacneiae- os ee 1037
WA ofa aias eee A oe ee 1231
Mamamalhauaztilis= =. 22 = 1089
Nistnpe sapote:..2-*-+- =... = oe eee 1120
Mame y...5.2 <= 2c oe eee 1119, 1120
eqlorado.! 2 iat Se ee ae 1120
EAIGUC ooo so a ee eee ee 1120
Mamoeyito negro.<.<--.2--— ee ee 1089
Wamowitelos 225 eee neo ae ee 1107, 1108
Miamitlensia’ <5 eo a a eee 961
Mammillaria acanthophylegma__._.....-.---- 992
acanthostephes = so 70
Gciwiotes. ee ee 999
RerUgmost oso a eee 987
A a IES RS Se 986
(fi (rid (1) EE Se en I eee fo 971
Olbidas Soot oa 999
QUID ON. non aos whee ew eee ee 996
anancistria-.. 23. ne 999
ancistracantha..<-2 2-25 2 960
ancistroidesi cs. ede 1005
ONIGUANED oe eee et Ree 999
Qngularis 2 os Sete oe ese 987
OY P0108 8 sete 931
OridQes wena 981
Grieling.2. ae ee 970
ORTH 2 soso ee 1006
Oslerids 220-56. ee 967
aulacothelé..---.-2- nent ee 966
aureiceps = =e oe 994
QUTICOMG » <0 ee 995
GUI ONG oe ete 995
aulumngus. 3 988
barhale 252. 2222252 ete eo 1003
bicblora so ae ae 989
biglan@Ulose ror se 966
CCL 1) ae nn ae eee. wee! 1001
DO CASA ns pot eon oh ee tS Ee 1004
DOCK > ate ah ae ne ine Tee 983
baédekertann.-. ee eo ee ee eee 1005
BOMDYCING on. ee eee 1008
DROTMET ECS 8 ee ee 982
brenimaminta oe ee eee 967
Ret AI TA a lc a Aral des ey Ye a 2 967
DUUITEETID TINGS a ro 967
CESSES Ee eee Rt eee 965
caesia__.-- See eee ee eee 995
COM DLOITICN I oe ee ae eee 997
COTUPE Le ae oa ee ns ae eee 998
Camul-medisien ee ne ee eee 986
COTNCY seen ee eat ee wena ce ere enee 987
CONTENTS 2 ee en ee ee eee 1007
COSLANCOLUES ee ee pred eR OP te 995
COLT ree oe area oe 993
centricirrha_---------. Pe Balgehiacaitle Eaton elon be 983
CONUS TINO Ate ne ee eee ee ere 988
INDEX. XXTIT
Page Page.
Mammillaria cephalophora_._.--------------- 997 | Mammillaria fennelit _...-.....---.--2--2--- 1007
GENIE Re so se Se oe etc 961 ertiligte 6 ow. eee een 998
CEFMIOCENUT Gee ae Soon ee SS 967 igchertsisie fe sees oe ee 988
CENOLODhONGS2a22-2 522 ons Sen cece eos 983 fissUrald 22-25 sae5ss- 5. eS 932
ChINOCeph MGs 2222223). x7 eee 990 AVOUT ENS <.<2 222 oS 26s eek 986
chrysacanthas. 22-222 oss <2 eee 996 NOetstehickee 2 ire ke ee 983
civnhiferdss 2x22 <2 22224. 2-2-oe- 987 Wordiie ct st oe sede ee 1007
CITTROS eke aie 2 ode ee ee ee 983 OTLIROS sete ee ee ea 987
LCE ane 9 eae aw ok ia he hod WEAR 966 HOveOIOIG eR eee hn Ee eee 984
CLAP OLIEE eee Se mela oo os te oa 960 WGdgiuSs= oe 999
COL na es oes Oia ko oa es 993 ulatepiny 22 8 23-2 es ence eee eee 996
COMMMNGTIS ose 2 secu co kess. =e 986 PUNK oo neo k et oonaee ke ateesteeee 988
compactn=s <2 seca pd sone ee ke 968 furfundced 32.5. -eeacon = 3 5-- 1 es "931
CONUDN ESO Geos ones 2 22 so see te 987 [LEIA {1 Re eR ee Sey es See SS 996
CONIMOMING 26 24> ran ox ts oe ae 2 969 (0b Ss 2 a cnn wcein eee seetesan anes 982
COTMOLLCO ee ies sitar. woe «cee Lae 961 MICO ns eee ee ee ee 991
COND DSEU EME ae bed eo ree we 983 gebermeileriana.. oes = 983
COME DICU see a2) wld oe ts od nel de BS 992 GEMINS PING: === 925--=--eaa os 989, 992
COTAIGET te wits <a Het ok aude wee eee 971 GONE. oan a Sea ssebewnesens sss oes 985
COMME Ga sae sons oss eh ions ede sees Ee 959 gladiata. =... 522 -2---2s-ces2ee2s=225 tS 983
COnNIMONING «2-2 <2 28 = bo i EE 969 glanduligerd.....=2<<-.25-.22<-2 eo eee 967
COT TIUL Mem eee 4s Lok <a ae Ra hoe MO 971 ULC ee ea 983
CTOSSISPINden eas see seats hoe ce ee AOA 996 (JLODO§ tee es 974
CROC OLE Mets fo eS 2s Rens ey eee ini NR 986 glochidinta ..-. «2st see 1005
CUTUISTIIILS Eee aa aN ae SO tee Suk EA Pe Hire 999 golziana.....--------------+-+-+-+-------- 965
ANCHO Lite lone Sam eee BARE ey Se bere ee 964 goodridgei_.-.-.-----~-------------------- 1007
BEET he Loin lent Sopdn Y 989 QRaCis = a 2 oc eas ce cess 1000
AUMONOCET AS he eee et EE URS 968 graessneriana + + 2222-22 2-2 +--+ ------------ 994
usyacnntha ene tn eawnes 4a. 972 grahami... .---------------------------- 1006
CNLUAL eee ee nee nee aa ee nes ONE EEOC 992 grandifi WIS SERRA SIDE SSS as
FLEE ae don cmap ep aE ERS Laake 999 Sens SERRE ESPESOTR EGS oon ye ae se
LELCLIUT ID ere eee eee ee ee oe 969 % VLE PETE TEE GRO OES eee Dee
AER gins vara ye nnn sy ps SMaTIEM 999 guilleminiana ea eg ee A 999
LETC SS Le ee tc ne ee ee rn ae 1001 ain a aa an ea ang cas 982
eee ree coll rina sanan ema 062
a eae ue Raina: oe 1001
diaphanacantha See ae ene ee kee 961 anh ee rine mas 7° tos
cn cilis..-----------~-----~---+---------- 965 RECSPONG 2 os eee ee} a 988
dicica___ Mita atc elon Tee eae 1007 REMIBDNGET ACW Hs ss eee cee ee eae pegs
disciformis pate 8 Aas hoph ed ihas cD Stel Prieta at 933 =f eel a caeelpa es 6. gan
aizcalor a acer ep ere prey oe ata 999 RecnmMeannNit soc ose eee eS 995
divaricata Mag icier etre eT ITE SRST PERT eae 983 hetevomonpha..32. == 22222522 -.4 Ee 964
divergens Mesos ae Serenade ola eee eS 983 att Rendle ier 982
dolichocentra EERE Se SS eS eee 992 hidalgensiae ste ee 986
MONG sos ae So Noe een oe 993 pV SE pad ica pm NAR Me 1003
dumetorum oh a RES Fol a 997 hopleriana. .<-<-2-2- sete =o 2 eeee 983
durangensis Ee Ee ee geen eee net 970 ROR CEDIE. ee eo ee ee 960
dyckiana.__-.-.-------~------------------ 992 hummbelatii. 2.) ces. sek 998
eburnea.._-----~---~------~-------------- 989 hgattie coc ea ete 983
CCRUNON Oss. <a w ls Oen Set Sa 1000 IS RTsGaE Cio c eke weeue 996
echinata.....-..-..----------------------- 1000 LINDE COMM ows 22 kos = eee eee 968
echinocactoides - _.___------.------------- 961 incanspicua. o.oo /e2eccasee2eae= OOO 961
CCNIOUL Ea oo ee 966 Gitertertic. coca oe 999
echinops -----+----------------------------- 990 BLOT CTE -8 Nate os SE ee orld ho aie rete 996
ehrenbengt <== -=--=------- =. Sai ee 983 Panbelling ee eee eae ae ‘ae 995
elegans....-.--.-------------------------- 992 karwinskiana...-..--.----+---2---------- 988
elephantidens Bape see RS ee Se Hs = 967 [ort |, an ane ch. o) 991
elongata.._...-.------------------------ 931, 999 kleinschmidtiana..-....-.-.---=-=-------- 987
emskoeteriang.. . =. 25 2a 973 KLE east te ee ee 992
erectd___.__-----------~------------------ 967 KniDpelianQas~ <<. s-a2eose ae 988
OTT ULE oc 984, 996 [Py eh a anne eee | T 983
CTULUTOR DERM OSes 8) Sone Sh 1005 LTT NT a ee POSH ENE So 992
CLT ae ooo aps ian os sceeen a= 995 KUNZCONG oe es eee e 1003
CT SUMMA oe oe se eae 967 LOCLOSCENS oc SS eee 983
XXIV INDEX.
Page Page.
‘Mammillaria lada.:..- 2 2 ee 974 | Mammillaria perringii_......,--.222. 2.22... 993
lanifera 3 ee es ee eee 996 DCU ODIRINE = 2 Bo eae oe 981
LORIOCUI RO ee ee ee 997 metterssOntt 2 52) Se ee 898
OTe ON A ee a 998 Pleperis.-. 2. - eee ee 996
Dat ee ee eee 970 pyeireriqna ~_——-. = 2 ee 969
INTC] eee ee eS i Ne a SO: 5 966 phaeacanthe 2.2. on ee 994
TET eens See tee my gs ee ee a ae MA 998 qingymatoinele_- So 982
NaN ie ek ee ee eee po eee Se 1000 PALES Sy (11 Se SE PS EN 960
ESCORT (A a ae pop NE Tee 966 ONESCIUI CRATE = oo cee ee 966
RCUEOU ACIDE eee ee en ae 988 RIVUNOSH ote San coe ee 996
REO So ee ee 995 MOMACONNE == x eee 995
Oras eee eee Bore” CE ER ee 1000 POW CONG oe Se ee 995
LONGING aa es ee mega 974 DOW CON. wae core ce aoa an oa 990
DRUGS es a Sot ee ee ee 982 POUGOTM sone eee ee 990
MCV UCHIMNO. a ee ae 983 POLMONDNG..-_.-_ <= a 966
TIMICT OMENS = oe ee ee 964 poliiele =... 2 eS eee 986
TUES OIELE = re en eer ae Sh 086 DOM WICNG. 22 ee cee ee a ee 990
MRO. = 5-2 =e see 983 MOMACE =e eee ee 995
TULA TRO te er A eee ee 1005 WOTUN = 30 oe eae oe 963
PROT a 2 eee ee eee 966 DOSCIQENT oo se a 962
murschalncanthas: =. - 2-22... eee 988 NOSCIVCTIONG =>. oo = 995
TIEEST ALT ft (27 tee een ot ee eee = 1000 DOLORONE 2 fa a. eee ae oe ee 960, 971
WEE TTECIUNLI eros ees Se eee 983 WOUSt a= 2 an hn oe er 1000
SRACINULG a2 eee 985 REMORSE. ane ft 995
FD PR ea 992 DTG eos = ae encase aw eee 994
STICINI CECH 22 Saat ton Co eee 974 DYNES oe ee ee eee ee 931
STRELOTIOCETUN G2 8 =) ta 984 QTUATOSO oe en oe os cae ace see ee eee 995
NILET EAU CTIENG oo + See 2 ln Seen 1003 DREAD US CUM so na oe en ee ee 995
RINCTOCRN DR: Ane! es = erie ee 1006 pseudonervellt. == -2- noosa obs eee 992
WHICTOCEN OSs. 5 oe oo oe oe ee 983 bo) Led Lf aR ea i ih Ey oP A HN St 999
WIMCTUINETIRH) eee oe oe ee 933 DUCK ONTUING 2... -2sSann nossa saeese eee 995
bnievoutelet- 2262 20 a eo eee 992 RCH pec cen ae ee ao ne 996
RUITODHIS oo ae he eee 995 DYCNICUINNAD = 20s ance cans oneeeeeee eee 970
monancwinige. 22. 522l2.- tle ee 1004 PUTTROCEDNMUI. oo anon ce a ne ee 989
muentenpiordtti ==" 22 < 2-2 3. S25 RARE 993 DU TROCHTOCUIMNG:.- 20026 o 2s can oe ee ee 996
PTL Tle 1k Se Se Ae gee ee ee EE 997 QUQUTISDI era nee ee ee 986
WIPES 5 oo oe Se eee Se 1003 ATL (fae ame ect dete aes eae at fal enh) 968
DICTA eek seal wet ees 2 ee 993 POMISUNOSTTL Se ne ee 960
ATIILRELER os SROs pee Bhd Pease en Uae 988 pAEOR ELT hbase. cae hp yt sale mba eade Os i bol et 962
WERE = ee 2 Se ns ee See pee 988 FECUTUD. ccee ce tans sor eae nes fo eee 983
LOUNGE eae ee eee, Se 991 MECUTUULE ern eee cena el ne eee 965
WEOMOETACRINN sx a8 2 mea 3 23 22. ae 970 RECUIDIS DING =. 282 ns 22 SL ae ee ae eee 965, 971
mewminniana.- 2: ==+..2_=2-23 eeeanews 983 EL a ah has 969
WIGRETRTE DS OU A ie a Oe a a re 968 vhaphidacantha = <2. 25.5 essere 960
MADTICONE ewee =o Boss os ee cee ee 994 TROGONU a2 Hes eee assets eel eee 996
Maiev PE a on ak pl eels aie aii 999 TIM EPING =e ae =~ oes eee ee 992
PDE OER a ab dk wel we ks 4s bk el 989 TOUUSG reece eee ae Seas a eee he eee 996
BAN DE Lag os ot Neon ins pete Oe no wn: age a 989 TF ODUSHSDING 2 2s. 2 Sees cose see ee 967
ObCOnel aS <2 = 5 oo whe Sh eee 2 ss = el 992 TOSEO heer ese ne ee 962
OUSOUTI =. Secale sl oesne verse ces oe 986 EDS een ee eee re 996
ocamponis _......-.------- eres 1003 FUsOCTOCED=.- 22 seas eee en nae ese es eee 1000
MSlOCONIAG << 2 <2 22s nese We nee 966 PUSSER 2 2a tance ceeeena st aoe eee eee 996
OTRO ea 2 cs 996 salm-dyckigna..=22222>2 222. ees 969
Otttingents. 5.2 2522623322255. 987 SUNGUtNER =o eee nace ee eee == eee 995
NEED De Sa ates TO eee 965 SQTLOTIL. cone Lote dee le eece aces 984
MOLhYlele-=- =~ S62 odaosssei 26s 983 sScepantocentras 222. ssscksee Pees ss sees 970
MGINET a3) aoe ae nese asp eee 1005 SCHEER > =n een ne een a ee eee eee 993
POLLESUPTIS = see a Se 3 5 ae 987 SCRCEII ae eee sae eee = at eee eo 961, 965
DAM a2) S2o8 eee sie tle ee ee 1001 Scheid eilerigna-<_ . =26ck ascend ssssaeee 1004
PIO MANSONAT a= eo we ee ne Sx ae 989 SCRCLIISED = ae neon ae seen e ae eee 1004
PPUZZONAG 2 Ane ok a ee ae gel 983 SCHILAEONG 2552 ae ote See eS ee eee 997
TIC CH TUNE oe a 0k ee ae Se he cin «beer 968 sciitechiendalii.<2- 2-32-52 = 55a 966
Mmectintferd =~ 2 heel ee Leh ae gee 974 SCI IW en ee 983
mentacanthtt..... =< <2 =a. ses 2 Nests, 983 SChininit == 5 eee ne ae ae ee 973
er Deer i ee at aw ee le 993 SCOMMONMES 4255-222" 5-2 saas oss 969
INDEX. XXV
Page. Page
“Mammilloria seegeri......... -- sass tosed=s 995) 1) Mancha-mancha-__-._______=_<_ S253 woe 1067
RERIECUON somo rian ot on LOO28 WeMiandeville. 2: 02250. oe 2 a ee os 1161
ROU AONG er ere a ne SN St eats OS@e Weise lar 225226 es re 1028
RONDE Be ie = oie aa Se a | TC a fey [ene a a 1028, 1029, 1109, 1251
SONS. Soci - cases. 5588 2 962 Manone! ees ae ek) le 1031
RONKEinc oS aeece 2 euae, Lies ae 989 A COs = Senter see ecco e 1031, 1251
RAVICOL ee coi. bore eee eae 997 ODO sre) ee yeaa ty ey 1251
REMSDU ma te eo on eee 962 DOGO ree oa ets a 1029
Yat as Ss ee Soa ayes, Oe 986 potonciloe =) Sos wee eee Lesh Seek 1029
RD RICHOM 25 -s o a oe ee 1000 Chin O ase ee es eS eo 1031
DN CENI Ceo Cen aa eo oe 974 oloradose = =< 2-2-2 2 bee eee 1028, 1029
SDIQEOMICKO=..— -s--a = 22 ao 998 Mulce. 822 oe os! 2s 2 a 1028
STUIMOSSISSEMUG . - 25 oo eee 995 ee) 10 10) ee rae eR LPI «8 1028
SDLCIMENS 2 2 = ee ees 992 MOTORS 2! = Ba ee 1029, 1251
SQUMITOS Wi si- 5 = aon aS eee 987 PIN WOlO!e 3 3 Sess 1029
SCELIO-QUT OUP oS sae oN 999 DriStOes e222 ser eee 1029, 1031, 1251
SECTLOCEDRGME == 2225 = = ee 996 BRIGG Ops 2 os ch See Se 1028, 1251
LE DEEL ese ae a ee 960 Wim tO ss he ee 1028
RIT ODSULONIUS oo ee te ee 961, 972 OreldG ate oS ee ee 1029
RUMCDENE = Sao 2 = oo - oo ee eo ZAPAtPLOe + 2 2225 te 1028
SUDORGUIONIS 9a OSs |e Wien elecitons. 2222") 2. te ee 1251
SUDCTOCE = Sa 8 gees O00 mia Mangroves 2-222. 55.... 1028.
SUUCUT NOLO 2 eto Ss 3 Sa 983 bl aeKce sree oo 1251
SUDCCRURUE io eb al A 1000 farini iy 2 ele eee Ss Sh ie er ae 1027
STLDTIOLEGNG 2 en = a 991 EA10 (Stee ee ee ORS 1028
BILULEWQQONM a oa on oo on 987 ROVER O ie = oa 1031
SCLIN ss) — on one = 96Giri meNiarin pitts Son ee 1133
Ssulcoglandulifera....-. -- ==". eens 9600 (1 Mianodedantax: 3... 4 oe ae ee 1084
RUEOUIN GTO: oo <2 ss. le 969 lotleg ress 225 ie oe et ee ae 1082, 1084
COT aes ee ee oe ee 996i. 9 Niavont ss) ee ee 851
a tet g da ae ee ea co O02). Pian 7 mn eels oe ee ee 1098, 1227
VOCHUAYENSIS:— - 2 oe eo ok eee 1008 montés2<.. {222 1 ee 1293
TOMLOCUIOLR=——~ ~ 335 So 996 MOSA Sea SS os 1041
LOILUT Rae toe ES. 9S ue pena 999) |t Mintizanillas 203 22. 5 ee eee 1098
Reta CONth Css fo Sn Bs Ses ee 992.) Mianizanillo--2tew2 222 2 be 1227
RELLOCETNN Gee ee OSS niEWMism7anitan se 8 De 1098, 1100, 1227
tielncemplos 22+ 2-2. Job == See O66 IE Nia pipitzaco 22 es ee ee ee 1168
MOMIMON Ese oto ao a oo 989.) Mara villaide Bspana:=----. ...--2-=-... 2.8 1157
WANCONRG 3 oS Sonne = 987 Silvestres-m =: oe 1160
inichacunthi....--~ 2... 5-32 22. --seneeesees ROOST Whig eS es ee ee 1067
PILOET CULOS (Ea oe Se ee de 972 colorada=: 225-2 222.) 35 oe 1067
HUME ae ee te oe OSS RiVRarihwanas ss. 22 ee ee ee 1278
SLDCNIONINIS na oe in 974. Marimbita, amarilla >... = ee 1299
BUDE Gs ee ee 7083). Mieriglan i252 a ees 1300
BLED TDA eee Aen oe eS OO50 |) Mariqttito=<- 22225. - 2-20 oe 1029
AETIROTD IER Ss ee acne es et eae ag LOO8S\|) Nrearmalade-truit-. 5. 1120
BURUND oo oe ote Se eS 1014 |5 Wiarquiana: oo 55-22) ee 1278
CUR ET: (1 De es ue ee en emee st | EOSP T OG65s088s | T Mrarsdonia2s- =. 2 oss ee ot oe ee 1179
SPOT Se ee ees OTB a Nia eg ke ne et ee ee 1011
RETNMETUONG = oe tee a Sa se ee 1009) |) Wiastrantos2~ =~... =. = 1248
DET SICOUON sos es a eo Oe O8Sh (> Minstierz0 s.r 952
MOLD er UE se oe S080 i) Winta de migna 2.) 28!) oe 1232
POLUOT OPER E = Ne ee 990° |b Mintacdyotes= =.=. <=. = eee 1154, 1192
VAVONS ahs o 2 Ae ee O8RuA le Minta-pallinas® 2 2. <5. 25 ue ee 1297
UNDO 2s 2 2 = ee O70, Mista-peje:- = 5-2 5 en aoa 1105
CUIDING s 5 == a nso ea we ne SOBRE Mintn-perrOs: 2 — a 525 2 sk 1142
RD EDOTE NEE oe oa ee a 9868 |) Miata-torsalos...------.-4-.-.... See eee 1171
TLL SAS Pee aeons eee Stes eae eo S002R 18 NMeatizadillas.. 22-2... 7. 1249
ROD RLEYS ee oe oo oe O7Ob se shatunandio Ss. s. <= ok Se 1306
COMUBOU SCs oon ee a oe 988 | Meadow-beauty family_.._---.-------------- 1046
Repiuraninoides...-2_.-.---- 5-2. tee NOOVA)|' Neechochn.o5 0522 5 - aon aca oe 1199
PUCCONSTNONE -- Saco== 2 2 Ee ORVA IE Mieiprann= os cee An ck a a es 1262
Wanearcapallo.. 22 =. 22-2). ee 954 delinatsss 62 oo = hs a A 1262
Tot) ee eee eee Oba PiReladillo. =< eee 1113
XXVI INDEX,
Page Page.
Melostoma‘aibicans. ..-2--22 5.65225 ee 1067 | Miconia brachystyla___._______ poll See 1064
amuigutits 2.32 es oe eS 1067 Cal VeSCOHS = << 2t8e:.n ois nik oe or ay 0 1068
OTUSDUNI CIN a see Ad ork aegis ee oe 1065 CHYYSONGUIG 22 ~s2aes bat tte Ame 1069
EDO ETI ee Sn Se eal 1060 Ciligta! ss:0-.2skec co seee as = 1063
QUOCTHEUME Ss jan oe ae ee OT 1067 CONOSLEG IOI ES =m =~ 3s ee 1064
G17 1H Ve les eee Oa ee ee PS 8 1063 GeCUSSGUG # ='S 2 etn ont en 4! oe na mane 1063
BUN ILOLUER oa a toe ee os Se ee Be 1059 dodecandyrases2422 see = ee 1065:
MEE TLS RETLMININ SS co ne 8 ih ts a at 1063 erythranthas=:0 22-22. sccs essences 1066
GOHCCONATU Mass = 5c sse alee 1065 Other IG! Sco sens oe teen roe eee 1065
QULGETT STIL 2 nae ae oe 5 1064 plaberrim 9 22-2<2s+¢s2he re sn tee Pee 1064
GUERCOT DUM . 2-52 o5 22 2520 el ee 1064 Glabratites <2. -. --s20 see ne oe 1063
CLOUD LOVIN 222 eo ee 1069 plobulifera.2-<s:2< ==<seec2see eee 1069
TYNE ee st hn So soe be 1072 guntemalensis;<2+-escr-- ne 1065
LOT | a REE eRe SEE ESET La 1069 nemienostiems:~ 2-2 = so-so 1064
TINDONOUAN Es ms ho o5 5 ge ds 1066 hy penprasina >< <.c...24t ose 1068
Lee Li | Te a IE | 1063 IDASUENSIS..-< 2scss2eeeeme ico ROS 1069
TOVIORTUTIN Ss 2 ate 8 So lhl 1068, 1073 impetidlaris =.= -<.4e-4 --- 34 1066
RODIN OTANTU 2 dae et, 2 ee 1072 acerase ss occceec beste ee en eee 1063
UPRED UN oes be a i 1069 Wdevigata 2. o2ccce ec ae oe 1068
ATIC LACOMDUID 3 toa ka 5 3 oh 1054, 1064 langlassoel-..-.<c<<2-t:-2sses ee 1068
ainicranthuinn 6 2-5<2 222 52 3553-0 1070 lgunilormis =< =. ss.22-c--2sk 1065
AMA ROTIV NR = a asad eae 1066 leucocephala=2<=~2cccee=c coe RS 1065
LET UAROL TINUE ih nel ss a 1069 Mebmannii — --- 22225-sseci-2 ee 1069
OCLOMN ee oan Fe oe a ae ee 1070 Macropnylla.22sccetsceeti aes ee 1065
(Ee (ET (ee OO eo ann eee? 1072 MAdTONGISo2scterst ect ee 1063
ROYCE, Be os OF oe oes ee 1069 MGSNNCAs «cose ds oon eee 1069
TLE Hey (jess a Oe OEE RE Oe Oe 1064 mazimilland--.~scsce=deee se 1068
BUSUT IN eee se fe el ae 1071 mexicanas ssc eee eee 1064
ACEO NILE onto 2d 9 a 1067 minutiflordss- 22 dose ae 1066
api tli, ] Re ee a eee ene rD 1072 MIYTIOCOT DA's = 28 ee oe 1064
PE TIRRRRERI NTE at Pg er 1071 NETVOSS 25 Socct eevee vet cette eS 1069
SONG <2 S22 os 1051 oligotrichas: 5-2 <2tc<eeee se eS 1064
CTL) | ee a ae eos 1068 phaeotricha 2-2. =<. 1063
STAT or] 8 | tas ee ere ee © ty 1060 pinetor 2 5-.2eesencn see 1064
Wrelstomacese: > 62222222. lee sel 1046 prasing. ooes- oe. 2 eee ee are EEL OBS
Nealvophnesere: = 22 bon). yea soe ain 865 TUDGNS 6 ote ee ee 1064
IERIE rGS ee eS oe Nt ee ee eel 1026 Saxicola.ss2:e. ku oo eee 1066
Iran see ooo Se sn = bo ee a ole 1176 schiechtendalils--2 eee 1058
Mealtichampia.: 252222. 2s2s bso eee 1177 SCOrpiol des! {a 1067
CURIE cere 9p aS a a 955 stenobtachya- <2) 5- eee 1067
Maipnchanotes< ass 222-2862 52. 9 2 ee 851 sylvnlica 22 BS eee 1068
WAYIOL Ree ee fee a ee ae ae eee 851 tepicans......<2--. ee eee 1064
WMignodora=-.-- 0.252082 5 8:2 alae et 1137 LOCOCOId CS = 2 ee eee 1064
EAYOCUTOT SIRE 2s £1 as Nesss <5 +9 Sys n ee Sas 1137 BE PUNECVIS= <=... — e027 Se 1066
Wem thacene etl ene oh te get 1954" || Mitcrodactylon--- 2222-3 ae 1182
Mienitvelig 2* 270"! 85 ero ee) eve 54” > Niicrostelma=---262-s--- 1194
IVECO ao oe St oe ek ee 1153) | + Muiel detuna<--.- -- ce ee 865
REIT CTI con eet dee tn ia eh ts he ee 1200)..1; Milikcweed family 2-—----<= =e += 1166
RPRECIIN Caen tes SS: So AE Rms ASO eee $962" ||| Miimbre. te. zee ee ee 1140
ESD SDRMEN Te ee 1276 i Mimulus: cn a ee ee eee 1312
UIPRRER SPIER 9 Se ee en) eee 1230/0251" |)! Maint family. oe ero eee ee 1254
Wricastalma_ 2. “ait eee a a8 MBE a 2s ee ee ees 1106
DEPT LET ST ale ee BP A7euli7ae | Mito... ee 1248, 1266, 1269
VIE ere ee ee oe cs ee 940 erande:-.-2-2 oh i ee ee 1266
Wehr ocemere ek ee ee es ee 1252 Silvestre.2:-- 5 see ee ee 1211
st fed (2, (11s OI SPS et ea A OR MIRAE 2 1 12807 |} Miispatile - -- =o oe te 1145
NEaxeretm famlye sco: cose cee eee MOTD. 2 Mitra 2 ee ce 955
IMSCR CUA REG) ene ooo a ee echoes ee ee 1205% ls Mitranthes....<2 ee ee 1035
I'd (P50) eee ren rant eieaage Rpts oT 106s. |; Mixcoatl. - ~-_--2-> otter ee 940
BIDICANS 22 ole eR 1067: |) Mecinna.~:2-.- Bee 853
UTE DIRT Re oie oe ees Oe Ee eee 1067°. || Nionardella= 2. ---. 2-42. ee 1276
TENCE DR ee ee 1067 |) Monochaetum:=2=<-=<<-2+-22ewee tee ee 1056
ANISOLTICHS a oa se eee eC 1065. [4 Mono panad...2 === so ee eee 1083
BIRONUCA Sas ee eee EEE 1067: | Mioonflower.--=---+-<.2-~ 2c eee 1201
OHTEAeATIA {eo 2s Soe ee 1066. Mioradilla 222 22oe 20 oon oe 1023, 1061, 1249, 1296
INDEX.
Page.
SOT ELOSi Gere ee Se Ry 1226
INTO TBO eeese eee ees ee eR 1024
VITO TT eye eae tht ete 1109
Miormming-lonye 20 o soo oe at ee 1203
A ATERD year ek RS are eh eg Ge 1194
IVE OUI Owe ae gia at No ce hd 1067, 1072
Mosqueta' silvestre 2-5 et ae 1055
Wiostava montéses2) 2-2 bee eee 1278
ROUTED a re ee es 1074
Viral ne ee ln od ee 1157
IWkuan Gea Shee anes ae eee ae ae 1084
VIEL ere ses oe a es eS 1252
Winiy Che stesess 4 soln Sole cessee eR 1104
WEN VOZAD UD stators ne 23 eS be 1119
Ey riser eee oe ee ee 1046
TUT O TIC nso Oh nd Piece FN NL ee 1034
IVS TSU CONG ase eiie 2a oe ahs a 1106
UMEV TSIT Ge Stee seme os yee ok A ee 1107, 1108
fepran liven ieee el NS 1106
Mey rtacdae =e se soto Se te ee 1032
Wiy rn iillocacts ] 5 so) so ae ea 911
a Cop ett (op aan 8 eS ED RR eT DL 1038
PSHE Apa) ee) ee eee PE eRe ETN" 1) 1032
VV TUUS Mea” feo ee eh wes Shyla oD 1038
ATTAVAN: cise s seseesevecdcestece tee: 1035
OUALLGRISEO awe ee 5 Sk 1045
CODU Ee eae oe Sad eink oe sD 1044
ITO QNU TES ote oa sd a Ae tae TN 1041
CALETA NEAT ee Se Se TIER Le 1046
DATE TIS eee a ee OO 1037
PLDI MINN sx aes ee iy ee 1037
PODOSCO mR et 2 CS As fe 1037
CIE ONO See 2s oe a a) ee 1041
POLO DESIG Aa See oes ose se ee 1045
ZUZU UN eee ee ee 1034
NCH thi Ga eee at ea AS Le 1220
NCAT LCS 5 ie eee ty Ma 1220
ISRCTN UE ee eats es pal oe eas Ee 1220
INIRCATO PMs ae x Sk oe 8 a 1247
ON GRIT Bee mete y Fs 8 8 ed FS 1215, 1216
INTC Sate REE Es 22 ee ah a ene 1089
ea GTO! Sse hes oe 1227
Nearer Sr ees 8 oe es ae 1237
INdranjoramanilowes2 2252-220 oe 1152, 1153
ONaNCISOSseees so tnd ed hk on ee 1157
IMAL Osea sawn ft ba ee ee 1152, 1153
INasebernyse 2 2420. 2. 2022 4s. 5e ea 1119
ING grito Pete a sao 2 522k 22 ee 1109, 1240
COVOLGS Sie 3 Seuss ose ek See, 1236
INGETONCONOLG ohh sue ce seta eet Sooo 1236
INpmiaxe obo 52235 fo an Si ea 1234
NWeutloy dinette =s= 5-225 oe eee ace ee 959
INeomammillarian =\:=-2-32.2222 2-2. See 975
albicans. <<2228. Sev ssek seeders 1001
BIMNOCNAL SoS ssiescssiasslSeculsct=snse se 996
Tame bbs aie ga kee ae se Le 981
armilla tat == 2-2. 2 onde wt ee a 1006
AUTCICADS i. = 52 onc ntl kde ee 994
DET DALAE a= 2oSos ses eset eee eee 1003
IDOCASHN SE a8: 32k kl nee ee eaie 2 1004
bocdekeriang=-2-.22 2 cote e= een 1005
pomby cing. 22 eas.) 2 SL ee 1008
prandegeel. owe 2 aces eee 982
camptotrichas..-.22ooses2U 0 eee 997
Canididares 628 55 fb ak es eh ee 9$8
XXVII
Page.
Neomammillaria carnea___.____._.__________ 987
CATT Ob y 2st ta Pa ed a 1007
Celslanaeens sists Le ed. 993
Corral boatenss 23.360 41 el ee 994
chinocephalay sees 3.5.2 aed 990
Collinge) enc ses naa G uel pe 993
COINS Tite bas 5s 989
COMPLESSAS= 2 osss-seSse eek 987
CONMUSA:22:522ssoctex ssi ass eS 990°
Conzattiliisea 2325 cokes 991
cCrocidaties2esce2es cece ees coe 986.
deal batal 22 +<s-.v22 = sc2 eek ee BRO 992
decipiens.< =. -22252.2-<1..45.. oes 999
densispinai. 2.2232. 22222 1. se 995
denudatastss<32 lo: Ls 998
GIO] Cae nods teen ee 1007
CISCOlOTIAM Ss sense 2k ee 999
GOngtIE SG. Ae 5544 shoo 993
echinaria see. So. 222 en A ee 1000:
elegansée! sa sere 23S) hoo 992
elongates. Soe re 999
eriacantha.—-.-) =... 2. 2. ee 997
Gvermannianals:-.2-.2- 3 =. eee 989
fertilis 424 23-0222. =..-- eee 998
MS VOVAFONS 3.222252 3 a ee 986
formosaii3)S.ct.25242 2. 987
fragilis te iis bse 999
frdileanastee os occ ot Lote ee 1006
galeottii eo 5 fos ee 991
PaUMerie st .1 222.4 5._2552. 5 eee 981
geminispina.....-..2=25l-2. 2 989
giganteaess.. 25-5252... Lt ee 985
glochidiatasc<.---24.225-<323 5. Se 1005.
goodridgel.... 23-3 Se 1007
graessneriana 2.28) lees ee ee 994
gummiferasio. 5222.2. 22 5 eee 982
hasveana22- 2. ob es we ee 993
ante tas.: els ee ee 1001
Ihemisphaericass..J 3.2.5 oe4-5en se sk 982
heydereet.. kee eee 982
Nirsutay 2022532 .se a ee 1003
jalisediiaes: 2246. s5 eee 1007
johnstonii....-:..--.-- eee 984
kanwinskianan onc. ee ee 988
Kewensis 222) 25200 s ee 991
Kunzeana: 222526555555 2 eee 1003
lansta 222 2esesc esc ee 991
lasiacantha. 2222.05.220e05 22s BE ee 997
len taeda d cata ee a ee 998.
MO YdllSs sesso hass ee eee 987
longicomas13-2se2223-—2 ot 1003
longiflord 54. esos. eee ee 1008
macrdeanths see 4 eas 983
MACNIMIAMMA:.-<-422225sa2c8 a= 983.
Maindes Bs. eset see 1005
mazatlanensis.«.2-..=-=2-- eee eae 1000
meiscanthats +374 -4y.55552. 5-2 ee 985
molanocentra-- ce 2--3s-4 984
mereadensis: 2-252 s2e22seossesee eee 1003
MMUCTOCALDA Sc. 2h hese ee eae 1006
multicapsis-be Gk ee 997
mul tiformis.s2cc~ ase cs. st ete 1004
multihamate 2222. ccseessele eee eS 1003:
MUN Gti. set essee esate ee 993
XXVIII INDEX.
Page Page.
Neomammillaria napina-_.........---------- OOF |) Neithxochitl tees... 22224 ose ee eee 1106
IOI S TALL 128 Se eh Soy Tee fag ae OOS pe ING CASE Sa 2 aS eT 1278
WO ee ee ee ls ee GO5 | NCES Sosa Se i ee us ee te lee ete 1149
ODSGUTA: Cen os a! te ne a ee 986 | Nightshade, black=~..5-.22sees cease 1297
occidentalis: ..-=2 >< 5-2-5. =. ee $008: |) INIGie SoS ee eas 55 eee 1060, 1232
GEOR AG Pees e eee 5 ah sy 2 985 0:1. _ a a ee Mee enee EN Yoreroe eye 1232
OYA LEU RS | a eS ee ES ENE | a 2 1005 |) (Nifio en‘citero. >... -3-5 5 eee ee 1099
RSA Ee oes eh i ae re HOO ||) INisperos<22s 255 25-325522 52622 1114
DAL KAMSONMS On ee So 8 ae 989 | INecheznopalli:cs- =~ 5. so toes sae 863
ORIMSUANIS sk ho a ee O86 |} INtochocle *ti¢2235 4s a eee 865
ON OU He ee Se canoe ree a se acta ee 003: || Wadhote: s+ 5. 254. sgss5525 Sac ee 865
POROPHN A: 8 ooo ous esa scaccanoeS OS! ||) Wiehithi es eae aoe eee 865, 886
RIBUECESSOM NU ooo ms os ee OBS. th Nini nyy eye eek oF es oe ee eae 1227
MHseacant ng. .4- 2 et 3 ee UC MRT (sic eA Oe Oe a eS anne ene s 863, 865, 883
phiymatotheles:+- 4 222 - e 982 AZUSA eet ee eee dee 883
IO TEEIMIOR G2 ,2 ae he yh ee 996 CAGINO So oo A a Oe 887
OIVAd Rs eae ce 990 pardOnvees.ss22 cosh eee eee 887
DOIG POA ee = an 2 oe ek ee 990 CardOS0. 6 <n eee ee ee 878
MOlWUNOleset..2 ee ee aa ce ee oe 986 CASPATON 6 oe ee Ss ee 887
[OTC EA 4, ee are 1000 ClPAG Or: se tke i ee eee 879
[if 4012 (2) loan eee ee nee ET 994 chamacuero:=--..-. 2-522 864
pseudoperbella-_..........---- aie SS 992 chavenie: 2.2 222202220 eee eee 887
DY SWbed aoe oa 8 ee 1002 Colorado! 22 2. Shane eee 888
Myrrnpecphala == oo ens 989 COVOUNO AS oa ee 881
Pe Glaee > 2 oe a ies 1002 GevSasiila.— 2 et dae Oe ek 886, 888
LEU 2) 7): i ee a eRe 996 @e'San! Gabriel: -a2/--cccete 863
a EP a 11) ee ao a a eR ee) < FT 984 Guramulos. 2223. ee ee 885
TOU) 0 1 bee ee oe Me tS 1004 PuUaANchi.2. 2-32 eee eee ee 885
BARLOniee ss = 2 Sees Se ee 984 BASRTON 2 pa ce oe oS ee 888
schol welleriana....2co-2 a2 n520e2 uae 1004 fApOM ess oo et eee 888
BEHRINHSPI Ss <5 eb ee 1004 |) WNiepaleart.. 52 a5cc22. sce eee 862
BeniIgdOnn A es ooo. 2 oo ee O07 1). WMepsletae"e.< 2. eee 860
ROE DTISIANIA =.= Se a O85) tt Nepalilos’ 263625) 2222 oS ee 864, 881, 1010, 1011
SUG (LUE 0 es ee RE oe Sad 1002 lanCO: Oo. eee ce ee 1010
Sobimang ss o-— o-oo 2 984 COPAGON 22 wah ewe eee eee 879
SAHIPOLVIVl s2-5- 5 2552-052 5oo ae 986 le Hons i ee eee 864
shietcomils. = 2225-2. - = A 1006: .|| INopalxochis- 222-4 -<~ 20 1011
Slewan ee rts ee eee 1001. || IMurite-2o A ae ch oe ee 1273
SOLSiR see 2 ot ee eae 1002) i) Nex-voniea Sj. =. .7- 3 ee eee 1142
S[olG Tec Gk: Oe a ee nee eee eee ss LOGO: lp Dimitar aot nt eee 1099, 1100
BpInOsissinie = 2. a ee 995" ll IMiggtocereus=.- 20.2 c- ees 905
cone | a ee eee SeietOSs8 i Obwlamo-s. - oo... 2-22 bo se 1236
Bubpolyedra.-. 2 52 -- een QT i Opium se he eh ae eee ee 1272
Swingleive 22. eee 1006 |} Oeonitzatzas:*..---=---2- =< ES 907
HaACHDAYVeNSIS. = 8} 1008: |} Oeptille;+meco*2--: = ec 1219
ROeBAMIPONSIS=2--2-55--"- - =) eee 900' |) -Oeipiiera ee 2. J 22 ne ee 1077
Lebron Ghsy 3. Seas Oo ss eee 992 |i OjGide gatos a= a2 3.253 Sse Sse ee 1068
finichscaritha 29-7 he eee 1005 MeWescad oO. 2-465 ee eee 1175
RtaTN TaN ee et Tk 1008 Gervenadou.s 4 =-2-5 2 ee ee 1153
ENC] Ge Se ee eee 1001: |; Oldimaid-.--.~. 2... eon 1157
BOP MACULATA a 21s oe a 1009: |} Oldiman ‘edctus..: 2) ens. eee 890
SO i nna oe. 998: |) Qlet5 2-22 220+ oe og k eat ie ee eee 1132
Wbiiterd see oe ed heel 990 americdnd = .-<-s.<c4 225-54. ee 1141
POV ane ei a, 1002: 1} Oleacesess. 2.4. 32 =<: sacacteaesscnes cose 1132
HOMO N SIS. 0852) 25 ee 994 |} Oleander os =o 2ec--2 2525 ee sees tS eee 1157
vephyrantnoides.=— 2). A.) sae 1007 Vellow:e. 2.022555). -- es ee 1152
WHCCATIMNIANR = 8 2 5 ks a ee 987 |} OMato de perro.- 222.224. -2cseces sce See 1155
INephradenin =. 8+ 37 es ae ie ot 179 |) Olive 2229. 4. ees eee 1132
NenmOhUnG, = 025 as SD . Beara 1151 faniya-—4 3 Sa ta oe 1132
INORG G2 a orni) 1157 |} Olinoiegs.- 2: 2+ -Poecess- es eee 1132
igrandifilorum..-:-=2- 2.22. 22-s5.4- 22638 1167 |) OléeotOne ise. <2- 2242 kes 852
Vesneanee soa oe ee eae 1025: | @hagracéaes 2-2 ewes sn te 1074
INEST ee oe eo soe ae 1026) |; Operculing.--- = 2.2skse225 22sec ee 1198
Weuetixi burt) 59-25) oe ee 1248 |. Opp tzimiin...s2-22 42522225252. Sea 1237
Wenexoci ilies 252 52-535 a ee 1106:.| Q@puntias—-. ---- 2.2252 -22325-2ssas ees eee 864
INDEX.
Page
Opuntia ‘acanthocarpa-.2-.....-.-..- 22st 872
SUTIN TS eee ei ho eh ie 884
SOUR TIS en 2 2 aha fl a 888
alenhess sy aee fos 2k ues eh i Le nan 876
PUTV CAC a 52-5 2 ee Se aah 887
CREE TIS base lea 2 oe 878
CIUTUSTEES = oe 2 880
CORE OS CS ee nts in SS a a 862
OPDOTESCONS =a eo o.oo BR 874
PATNI CUT Sas a ry a 871
SUT O DOs he a a ea ee i AS 884
UL CTR rs eres est oa tI Ce 864
CVAD Its: eae eee ete oe es ns Da 881
SSI ALIS Sets cae 2h oe et 879
Bivelowiie cae fe oo 4 872
iL TUTTY OTR Xan Oe PRETEND 7A 7, 2 OR 889
Drandegett se oe eee ee! 861
Dulbispina=:=s2.- S262. BE a 877
PUTER SCAN Asana ony i he AY 876
COLT UCR CEN se ee ae 871
calmialliana = -26 0 tec ee Se ae 873
eundelabrifonmis= 8c eS 886
cantabrigionsis G25. See 883
CAP dONeNe messes ie at Sees 874
CONT OTR oe aca ea ed at 887
COSC Pe 8 acs ee er er 887
CHELOCOND RE Mee ets se ee eS 887
CHAT OIC eo soe te -- 889
CUTS LCE Ente cae terre ees er 861
CRIDON Se a eh i 887
CHAIN WONUENStS es ee 881
(S16 (0) fo) ct: ee ee en eee ee Ree PELL 882
CHONG EES cies wit ae eae A Ele 873
Cinibe ess see ee ee 873
CRAW CHING so al tte Foe ato bee Se 872
COCK ENTISER Gap ee hr or nee de eR RS 863
ecochinerals 2225 ascent ase 888
COMONGUCNSIS 222 ss es seer 880
CLASS AE len Sian see see sae 886
CTELOCN CLO. seo soo eM 887
CT ETA CT a en nn la son on 885
WE CUD IONS rao are Ses test hae es nein ER 874
decumbens .s 22a te 878
dejecttas et ee ewes ee Sees eee s 864
CLO DEGSS 8 ae ces teehee Bee 878
IG Uelie iain a been Da a EY 860
GUGM iets 30a ae) 2s a ES 882
Giscataa. 2d ees ase 882
Gurangensise,-2325-) 5 aos 884
echinocar pa: ~ssas.254223 4552555 ee 872
CMON i sfanecscccasesztese enact eee 876
@ngelmannils+-s. 2252.4 e ee ee 881
CU dias 225s ea ee 883
CTUVIGL Oe = 2 9 a see eo ee 874
Ficus-indica= =. 53235245554) eee 886
WQVICONS 22 o2— S222 ssa sseek seseess ee 888
UTALESCENS 232 2 Sy ess 52 4232 ee 871
fulgidgen=+ = 225s eeeen Se 875
RN PINOSAs 2 2= as os Sa ee 882
PUWIS PUN: ='-osoea se Sa eer TS85
PIAUCESCENS 322 fee 2 eS ek 889
GOUZIONG 2452523452 5322-35). eee 861
QORGGS tes eA a 8 ot 45545 2 BS 888
POSSplinign Ak sags. a cao SS aRHeGiie 881
OTA eas nh en od ores los ssoctanssaseeeeee 871
XXIX
Page
Opuntiaigrahamii-- 5) ee 877
STATUS Seay! yeeros ae en 889
BUCITAN aos 22 oss 22s) oo es 55 888
giilanchi is: coke wat iss de 885
nyiptiacanthais = ves a.) ee 887
tolerieg = 03a 2 es 885
IM PTCA tay S22 St Ss Se 874
inenrnadila = 25 dS. ook) 5 887
LINAC E Bais fe el oe pa 876
Barwinskinna se. 6 6-e ee 864
Kleinige:-2 3 2. ee eres Pee a 871
KUunzeiee. £2 0 ce ee 876
bamigenmi ef 8 os ea hi el 885
lanneyiewe 8. pe eee ies 888
TASI@ CAND hal. opto ec eee ee ear ee 886
PC OVAT A ATS TH aa eg hee he ee 878
leptocaulis:: Js... 3 eee 871
leucotricha...- 2.2.4 = Ae 885
mimnadhelme rie ek 883
Mo yaitie 78 2 2 ee ee 874
Mubries.- 232-227 ats ee 878
RECO TERE NS ct ne oo ee epic 882
macdougaliana..- 2525-52 ee 884
miserocaliyx 2 222 Se 879
MACTOCERUGLAS 22.5 +o 5-= Sess oe eee 880
UCL as aL ee e Se ee a 874
TILT eee rere 2 te 875
merscanthy ao See ee oie Re 887
MOeAlaG bra jose ce ae ap ee 888
mieganhiza. 2-2. 2 cote ee 880
LTRS 1 oe = ee ey SE |S 884
MicRodAaSyS unos ck oe 879
TR UILOT Oe Rn Soe ee aie Jjnti: wae 880
molestaet 335s ke eases oes erotics ay! 875
MOELOlenSISHs ot ee ee ee ee 870
MUCTRON Go SO ee 884
LOf ETH ee Cae a SUE ed oe AOA ME IR BE SLA 887
ablongnta. oon aes Se Ss ye 885
occidentalis__________ Sey ete AL) | 881
OUD COOTER sa et oda ee 886
orbiculataccen sce ee eee 885
DOCHONG HO eet teen ce oth ae ee eee 887
pallidagch 4. 5s ee eee 875
DENTAL sas ee Os ee 875
phaeacanthass 223.2542 see eee 881
Diliferdes2 se ee ee 886
DAL OCW Ee tres 35 i ees woo BS 862
DORIS Ny se ee eee ee 861
DObtSIiRe ee ee ee ees 8380
prolifera’ 4 +3375 Se ee 876
PUD CWUL OS <2 5 Pi a gn 78
PUbéscens\.2ce5 222525550. 222css ee 878
ULL Ore a ats le 879
pumila. 2322-2 ss5s5s2 4S ee 878
Py cnanth aes. s25. 25/325. la see 879
Dy nifonmis 28 sey es 883
FAMOSISSIM Asse te a oe 871
TUTOR = Bees so tees eee oe 871
TASHEOE A ss oo ee tas eee eee 882
TECONGI tas 2248 sos aos eee 872
TODUStasesee bite os oe = 3 ee 888
VOSEOMee east aS cae 874
NOMA ONO 223- soso ssn eas s-e 861
TUG Sh 7 es es oso ee 879
Scheer wetenee eet tute ates coe ee 882
XXX
Page
Opuritia schottitz2t 22s. = == ~ 2s ee tk 877
SSLPORUINE Se ae Ss ee 872
BOvISDINA= e235 ses Le 880
SDOUCHULOLG Santee Pe US ee eh, 861
SpinosiOr= S228 -= 26 [2425.2 5.+ gene 875
ST MULECL a, ne aha Pe a te 874
Spinbiiteratos* Seed = 2. = eee 886
QUANT OS So a oe ea SCR 883
Stemi eS re 876
CTY AT] (ey SS ORE EO yg 875
Stengperala 44225 == oss = Se 888
Strepracanthas->. . = .a2-5-5-ss-sasessen2S2 887
CAPO Asta eS os acoa~ uc as oe ee 883
PON GIS PING ses - oo = ee oe el 880
COSA uae tee oe Le ee 871
Ghunperiss- = <>. 52) A eee 872
tOMONLOSA... 5.6255 2555.-55555-Ses 885
tripgloides®.—- —<— oF 2c << a 888
PUICRLO oes is oh 875
NUNAURID SS ple ice 3 Che 33) 886
TING G8 2 a he te ee 886
PELE TIIE Re tte ao he 871
Velutina--. )--.. 35 cen eee 884
VERSICOLOI SS a= 6 SS 5 873
ail c) 2 oS ee ee ee Fn ro 877
DANI. ee eat oi ke 871
RUN ete ae oe ee os a a 875
WICO Rha: 825 5 885
Ta hi) eee ee a ee 3 os 87
ZaCUAPBNENSIS = sos ee 887
QOrpatwolaes. ook ce a ee 1240
O@reranihe= == se-- ese 5 a 1247
OA Gee Sa 1245, 1249, 1271, 1275
Welmiontee 8s ea 1249
MMONLOS: 262 = eee sn oe ee 1247
meinen raten:s-oo2Se-3-0 5k ee 1224
isin eters oe ee esd oe oe ee 850
MUPOPOSTIVUR tc pas ok a eo 1054, 1055
Orsopam ass << <= oon A oe 1081
On gro li hes ee a eee 889, 914
Oreamite de: vibora.2.2 2. 22<.-.--.-eteseeee 902
(OC A 2 ee anc Se 896
Se i ree) one 1126
CRMIOSTODNYUOS 2) sn A 1095
Groza aS es eee 1248
COV OAS brie be on A a ee ON = 1248
(S{eilTcy Mi Sep eS ee eae ee eee amen S 1249, 1250
Oxthogia meet 2 a 1177
CUNT: 2 De Spe eee Nee ee Ue ee ea ERIS |! OE 1214
ET 116 lS See ee a aE TE 1214
Reb ed - A e 1214
Mrtiguila- one As 2 eee 1232
COLLTH 7) Ss Oe Sey Bae ae Da rey © STE Te 1053
OVEEE TT) ASC Ee 5 ee a ae Sere 1141
ORG pstmt seers epee ee 1070,
SAT AVG Meo eee ees 1151
ON ARIST |e a Se nn eee tre ec oc? 1086
CUTIE tae > ge ae ol ge 1058, 1059
Omypetahwm:.- jo o- -— ts ee 1178
WzOte ene ee age 1205
ipubelon mexicano... 2.2. 3--- <= += eee 1266
PRGA OH oes oe ae a te a de cen 865
Rach y.cereus.- =. -... 5=-—<-2> > See 894
Pescbiystelm ay) 8b er ae 5 1194
Padre mNuestros.---- as ee 911
INDEX.
Page
Paiarowbobo:-- 2-2-2. > 2 > ere ee 1205, 1206
Palabrademitjer: =. 2.8 ee 1249
iRalo blanco: <s2-0 ee 1140, 1205
Doboses See ee Cb ae ee ee 1205
Nonisto:--~ 222 725-- 35 ee eee 1151
cachimba: +25. 24. 5 be eee 1084
cachumba...-=. 54.2282 ee 1084
ONIZ Os <2 Ah ea 1306
cuadrado...2 =. <2: 32. eee 1251
culebra. 222 322-5 os 1024
dewas Animas. 32.2. ee 1106
da asta 2k Se 1221
Goicangl a es =) Dyes 1114
Goreruy oe ee ee 1150
deiculebra.. 2.2... 1024
deidanta... 22 eee 1084
de .gusano-.2.- 2222. ee 1247
de:membrillo_.-- {= =~ ere 1087
del -muerto: =. =<... 2 2 ee 1205
de.wz0te;.<.--. 52... ~. eie 1205
devperico:<..-)..- 26-050. =- eee 1222
depingilica....--=-___.. -. seine 1098
de\puerco'espino_—.-_ ==. sha ee 858
Gewosae 522-22) ke 1219
desalie es 1251
dessan Diego. 2-2-2 Sa 1155
de\San Pablo:...-.. -.- 3 eee 1214
INGGIONOG ye eee 1281, 1282
Nnieon. 1122
1 Es ede a ERR RE RR RLS 1119, 1219
meero.= 2 = aS gen eee 1216
BANG. 355-2 38 os = Se ee 1084, 1205
sunto'de: Castilla_2.- = 5-2) a ee 1204
WITtiN 2.22 S20 ee ee 1278
Palomste e225 020 oe See ee 1283
Rane Seo S22 Sk eee 1084
BanalerOss soe 8 ee 1139
ANAS sok aoe a ae ace a ee eee 1080
PANCUG Go oe i US Le 1113
Ranvar6:. =. oo 2 ee een 1251
IRanochillo:sy 2.8 8 ee ee 1240
RN 2 = os Se 852
Ranamiel.-- 25-2 3 Se ee 1032
anaes = 0) kee 851
familys. 22S 2 2 oe Lon eee 849
PADAV Ss 2-233 anna eos 2 so neee ese ee 851
de los paiaros 9-2 22 oe ee 851
months. =< 5 2. 3s 2 a ee 851
OrejOWas. - ss... > 255 | eee 850
VWoladOra..2.-+---..2-22 <2 852
PSPAVOlO=s 326.5 -- assoc anon amen tease eee 851
Papayo:<-*-<. 2-2-2 ee ee wns (SOL
devmontana >. ~- 2 ee 851
MONTES: - = 8 = Se te 850
Rapelillo= = === 52222822 ssa ey 1067
Param) o--:--< Ss eee 1133
IParathesises:2 oo 22 2 oe ee 1110
Pardilio: 3252. ee ee 1219
PATO shee 282 ed So es 865
Parsonsia. 2-22 oe | 5 ee 1014
sequipetala:_...-- --. 5.5. == 5 eee 1021
appendiculata-....-.-.=..-45..--. -eeeee 1021
arnottians.- 222-23) 2 1020
paillonis-(. <0" ok 1023
bilimektic 222 oo. Se 1020
INDEX.
Page.
Parsonsia blepharophylla___.........-.------ 1020
OISSIOLIAN a5 9 Se oe ane Oe ee 1022
Ipracteolosa s.2- bees hee ee ne ae 1022
DUSEAINATILA Me 2a se ele ee 1021
CACCIIIAOT ae. a2 ns ee ie a 1024
Cnlophiyllaee cole eae ese a ee ee 1018
CHIAWONSIS 43422 a a2 a 1019
GUE a Oe ee eae. ek 1017
(CHET He ORES age eee pees! 1022
CV ATOR ec eto ks het Ae al 1018
empetiilonat se en es Ce ue, Aa 1019
eplloniliolias -22 2-6 3.2. le ee al 1018
COMME D Eee eee lS es 1017
POL CHITI RINT es Meee 0 nes 1020
PTAC ONGs se a 1022
HeLerOpelalae aoe et sot a 1022
eberopnivlla= ses ike Ln se 1023
NOOKGHIAN a asec ceeee oi. ee eke ne 1019
HY SSODUOlIA= e222 sa! So =e a 1018
RPNGAree eee Se eee Cee oe 1024
NTILOLIM OMIA ss cy.ee he ae oe ak ad ee nL 1023
10.00 (ok A el eee ee ee (ore 1019
jonulensiss.2= seo Sonn She se ea 1023
Neb man nis ee oS ht ae 1024
LES GDS ee eee Mem one 1020
lobaphorate: hie 8 Oey ea 1020
megalophiyillas. 220-222 522) kt ped 1021
AUECTODE US ae ete are ee oe oN es aa eg 1022
NURI ae oi eal ee et ee ee 1018
MUIGICOStAUAS es ee a ee Se ae 1019
PAUIOIAGAL = seine a ke en 1014
MINGLOTUM Sa ea 1019
BAGO OSA. Cee ae fe Ae) SB See 1017
TOULOSCADIAS == = en = ee = ee 1023
NOS@ANAL = bee i ss eee Cee 1021
SANCHO aoe eat Se 8 D8 bah Ise A) ete ae 1018
Schumann sn ee ee ae 1022
Squsimuligera! se 2 n es Atel ae 1020
subuligeraet oot e" fe Oe oe ae 1024
YETI CU OSS ns eis se oe ae A ea tea 1017
WAUSOMIdN as! on ce ek 2 eee 1023
LPI Sessa lee eee ee on eee 1208
TECH to) fe ee a ee ene eee ee 849
Passifloraceae:o.- "2 te So a alate Sd pte 849
IESSSION-NOwWer fal Gos le eee 849
pataiaevleon=. 3252: 22 Js eee 858°
TEETH) 0} aR ee ee iss a ee 1031
TEE AN (SS ee ee ete Oy pee oth ere eae 858, 862
DATA ATT LTTE OE as PE Sue aS pare Pete 1176, 1177
ipAbznumacachils on 22-2=2 ou. Lhe = ee eeeae 1253
Pav iilassee oes 8S EO eS eee ee 1251
RAW DAW eee ey feceae e S.A ee ped 851
TES ae eee ae eee eer eel St 940
PB SRIOS Oboe oe et cs 2 he ee 1113
PREC Oi Omer el Dis tie eh a ee 1155
eine mde micos 35-22 22.5 ee 1032
Peinecillows ste ee ae 1032
Reinetas: ats. on Sos os 5S ee 1032
Peineuillasen sate. eit. oh soe te eee 1032
Ipelecyiphord 2. Woes Lie Ne a 973
NAGI SS Ege eee ee a 974
Pellebieninen = sees 2-220 --6 e e 1027
Peli pees ee ree hela. te ae Se 1072
end eierac ese seen eS oe ee ee ee oe 1301
FRA CH OMS ce ete as orto ten dee aaa eee eae 1296
XXXI
Page
eniOcereuss 2.222 eo 0 ae 903
Ronitentes! =! 26-0 es ce 874
IRONSAMION LOS = oa<2- eeeos.2 So Geeee 1242
nentstemon = 3202 eo 1307
eonlaycoloradacs. 22: 222.22 _ 4) 2 ee 1249
NOT AS: oo te See 1249
Ie paideveriiz 00. sys eiey 1152
BO DSN: eos ee le ee 852
ereskia=- ose oot 8 nee 858
calandriniaefolias 92-2 =) 25.2 eee 862
ODUN Ce Op Gas ee sks a 861
ititacheys: soso NE Ae 862
NOLUMAN OUG= as soe. one a 861
SpOLhUlatO i 3 Ronee oe 861
IBPYOSKIODSIS . 2 See ee fon oo eee ee 860
(Periwinkle, redéo8 <=") oi 20 ee 1157
Rerlade: Cuba.) 22-2 sok. ene 2c c eas 1051
Peerless ee See eee 1232
ernct tia $2 Soi. os. eh oe ee 1100
PRersimmons. oes be 1126
famMilyeoe ore. oe 2 eee I Rees 1124
IRentiG tania ee te ot bs, ee 1119
etalonyxe2 so. esac ou N, S ee 854
Retaquillars.o-2o5-- 2-32. Jenene 1171
GLa pillows Sete hes ee ene ane Ae ae 1158
FRCL Glas > oe eres Nc ie eae ee ee 1252
netreas. 2226-22 k ee 8 oo 55. 1237
CY OLOM sans tobe sd sa ee ee 931, 932, 955, 973
Cimarron 2 Ass 2s oe 932, 955
REV OGIO seeks Le os fe oo 973
(Pezuna de-yenado:.. == -._--..2.2. 5... ee 931
SVE esa ec ee es 1170, 1171, 1172
GQNOMOAlG 22 =. 2 eas on Se 1176
Phonimurzacs = -S6 so-so, 1128
PNY LLOCOCULS Sone alee 1009, 1010, 1011
Bich flees oo ee ete a a 1036
ichichés2.. 2M ie eee ee oe 1035
Richichio- 22235 e ee 1299
Picoide'pajanoss-o:-.f. 22. oh 1140
JEL ATX Ss SER eee Meera 850
Pilocereus alensiss--22--- eee 893
CUYY SACONENUS ae ee ee Nee 892
cChrysomnllus.... 222 ee 896
ENUCDRONINH Sis 22 een eee 909
WPOCTSLCTIA LL Sola. See SL ee 892
UWI CEDS =n ae eae eas ee 896
ROgeEnd OND. 3 ao ae ae ee ee 891
hoppenstedtiiv=-22=-- = 2st ee 891
houllettiz- <1 ee See ee 892
PUDOLUG 12 i Arion eee ee ee Lee Bak 892
COL eT OS: Sn 25 8 8 ee 2 ee 891
lateriborbatus= 0. 5/2 ae 2 ee eee 897
LEUCOCEDGUUS = see ne ee ee 892
PUSICODR See Teese eS ie a eee 897
RCOPONIU GR a ek IRL re ee 891
COLON ZO ne es Se ed ee ees 897
Rimentase sole ee a Se oe ee 1037
Pimientaide. Tabascos.--5-.- == os se eeee ee 1037
POLS os odes Se a ea eee 1037
Rimientillae sa — 2 ioe a eae eee 1042, 1109
IBIMIENGON= 8 a e e 1037
GIOLOSO sae as ee 1037
Rimenton 22 oe he eee ee 1037
Peingiicca: = 8) sh. J a ah oe 1097
(Rinwiticg: = 59-2 eed ee 1097, 1098
MME INDEX.
Page. Page.
Rinicuas sheik: 2) ees kOe es 4905.41 PPrastonia- t=. 2+ seve ce. eee eee ee 1158.
UAC OS oe Le 1098.4) sPrickl ypédris Senn 2son-te shee EE 865
121i 7c] 11: ips cs ene Wie wap ies een eC merene yg. es £294 |) UPringamoza s2+2 <7 28 ie ae ene ee 1214, 1231
IPipiloxiHe itso. ce) 3 a eal 1282's), MEYUV GbE -24 en terete cue seme eee ee TS 1138.
IPIPINANCOS 2-2 5225-2 eel eee 2 1125 | Pseudomarsdenia___________- SY ADS Sue 1181
Weininenisns5.7er hae ha Oe 1140) |) SP SiGin eset» ce cht eee vee 1034
Pitahays 22-22. =. 900, 904, 907, 909, 913, 922, 929, 930 Ptbrogastyass0x) Lae i entecees en eee ee 1052
CUI. Sse Sa eee eee ee ee 9041) *Eterodlepise ---22-biauecs cee eee ee 1052
arp Hee ees oC ne ee OEE) SRMOCAIY Oy nee noe pee ee ye SE 1228
Memcosto sf 52222) 5-5: eee O29) Pie ees as oe hewn cee eee See 1061
alee steer 2 = oe Sea 900)" || MBUGCtG Ss £61008 son nasa nt tone ee ees 1030
WVIGIAC REE | Shae oo ence eee wee oO 907: }) CBWREAEG# Sonex wn beeen cece se eg eee 1030:
ALAN IRE 22255 eee eee 907'}| Bani Gato a. =e see en Le eee 1027
ONO ONG 22 2. cae oat ce 913) 5) UPaniedeeags-.2c-se sea =o ete to ee 1027
acanisyatas. ore ee ee pi TD 903) 1) SBR DUC Oe 2 ono ate et ee ea ee 1061
iC 4) | a a re ee eK LE 65S (| “Barple wreathn cost ee a eee 1237
AVR ee AP aes eae O07 )| +Purp6iis 0)... + -co sadn tee re eee eee 1061
TG GT spk on ere ereer mee ete 2 1039:3] OBUGs 28-9 vena neal See 851
EAN RS eo Baca ceowcs eh O07. |) CPuatzmMueUy S22 == Hehe eile Bact Ee 1118.
ICAP aaa 5 58 os 862 || SPayequas-.c22 =e See 2455252252 2S eee 1251
Pitavite del cerro-. 2.2 --s2cc scene ele oe LOO }| SR yrolake occu eek pete sce .cek eee ene 1090
12h GS a ne a a emer FS 1113 familys ses... 22 sscendeseeeee 1090
PAC URCH OS = os Sono ka eect 862.;| SP yrolieehe: £262 5ok »- 2222 pou sete eS eee 1089:
IPILGEO tHE roca ome ds ee ose dacstin Shae ee E201 }} ¢Ousinhavoths.-.:~-224-+. cists see 850
LE ae a a er Sees Ee ere 2 1120 || (Quauhchi¢hi¢s..- -=<eeeeeewers ne ee 1086.
OG 2 A a a emer 14120 11 WQhuawhzahuatl «= -~..~ cea: = 32 ee 1205.
PIRGIONNUMU =< n)sossancaseroeseecassese aes 1049 )| (@uemmdora:=:2- = --=.2: +2502 See ee eee 1214
latent 2860 = «ose teem etceewe cee 1155 || “Quesillo 24-2 = oe ee de ee 1293.
iPlabyopuntia.. =. =< 4 wien sacss Se 865 | “Queso de tund--2<2=2-4- 2-4 Sees eee eee 865
FTL ee ee ee LOSE T0565 | VQuichi-nial+.---2-5<+<----- 452 ee eee 1171
IRISCOSPONMNAL = 3 se seces sos cee SEE ARE A142 || ‘Qulebraiarado «<= 2-<-s2e- cc <elee e 1026,
Dloawalron: - - «oc aos sane cee a ete cee SS 1117 CAI BUG ease ud sere helt al ewe) Sn eu NE ee 1199:
Plambaginacese..222-. 22-622 oto eS 1112 VHEO 2os2222 pee tate ier a Ae 1026
PlOMBALOS Wa o5 soos cece cose SEE P12 *| GQiste-chachi's=<+.0-++=2s- eset eesee rece ee 1150
ite lt: | a eis ot O12 ¢] Wuie-tzine22~2se2<2-er d= ewe here ee eee 1032
PAN NIBT Ae Fons set che cewae tee 1149 \ | VQUilites cers <2 ee ee tee ete See ee 1161
pismo: 2:5 2casdcncacsceccoweee ces pees PLES *| “Quimixpatitst-<os-o- ene oe ee eee 1145
PPININGID! = 2a oooh ace ceeeiscedeeseees 1136} Y@uinine-pusht}=— --e<2 eee" eee eee eee 1085
PUA Deir) 32) sh < Soe OU Be 1449 ||’ Qaisioches -2seet ace 2 se eee eee eee 1225,
PUUTRETIO= | 2 22 eos Soe eee See eee 49:2) “Wabo de micos <4 ste ee ee Se ee 1234
iPolemoniaceae..*-2222sese5.-35- Se 1208 CEsZOrn0 =icee: ert eee le eee 1243
1277) (0 Oe EME srt Fe 1273's OReacamatraea. +222 o-- att eee ee eee 903
6 Corres 22a see 2 eee 1270 4) Sta NvOW"CACLUSY = 22-22 ee eee 925
WOlGY. toon ae eeene eee 1247 + | “aly deilaicuvaradhace--9=-=<2 cre 222 See 1163
CLIIAEL DT eee 1249 Geicuewlille sesh reuse eS ee 1163
IPoliominthia: =< oes eo 2 12707 | RAMON: de-Wacders= ssh ee es a EE 1084
IPSMito ts os ee eo 1052;,'|' Ramona tse oo ee ice eee ase 1254
Poly codinm's22.2255 {4s20 222252 1103 ; || a paned 2st tore es Oe ee ee 1107
Pplystemina: : 22 35.2553 1184 || "Haséa-parganta:==2-22s42+o cee eee 1112
IBD YDAY OSAE =a 2 Se ee 1040 MU ORaspa-viejoie<=<1 2 ottee ee ees See 1216
ippmerranate = = - oe ee 1027 3 | “Raspa-sombrerense 2 ss pet See 1237
fam Ys Sas Se ee 1027 1) PECHStreroieess== =) 22222 2b Peewee eee 888
PE G0g eee Soest. sha 2a So ee 1036 } | Sivathibunras* =< 422 s2s- 42-2222 olen wee Pesae 909
BOOS: CHV a 26 = re as 2 ee Ss 1OSGE t) SRBCO ie ete en on 2k oe Seale ire vend Me 1108
RE ie es Aa See sd ee sores 1195 }) ARat-tall cactiise 2-2 see ee ee eee 917
REAYS PEN SG ai Dh we ott bs Pt oe eee 1036:} Eau welilas-cex- ccc en atone eee ree eS 1153
(Basten ss 2 poten es sy a te 1036 OU eee ee soe tt es ee 1151
AGO a he a et 5 Ee ee ee 2 1289 Op positiflore sc csSe-e eres 1151
PAM Ys bd = 8 3 ee 5 ese 1277. 1) Sed steppertsseni xc tor eek a a eee 1042
Wot kale? ® = sos 62s 9o 58 ys 82 as ee 1720 PME ral ear ere ORE = sorcerer vee ee 1153
IPDLONeINGE 86 ees oe, a eee 1981 || Reina déias flores = 22s. oe 914
atzohres ss 4202 sed nei wo ats 85 865 dela noche22222-- 22-222 905, 914, 1010, 1282, 1284
Rrendederass: i252: 5) sessetdus sare tee 1301 || Rejalgar-t2 esos tO ee ee 1155, 1299
Nedionds:< 425 see ice ue Lee a ee ee 1206 1 | Mteseday eect he di! ens eee 1025
THECND =o ii wh els Ph ee 1205,01096 || Resi rae ae oe eee er Se hee eee 1030
INDEX.
Page.
TRESS a 5 oe ie ck Se 1066, 1130
OU UT ae ed no 1152
WG VICNTA-CADLA son 2 ee et 1240
PER TM eg oe AN 1045
Inna Gageninets 2641 ee ee ee ee 1160
RUB Gla aer eo Se tt oe eee 1234
RULE TALMECESO NUN CN nee heer eee eee 1049
CEDNCOND Bea eee 1057
LOVAUMAAG ee 2 ne 1057
PM eQUilater Alisa. 2 8 ee Se 1049
LETTE EL) 2 COR “DOS ee RE OS RAS ERS 1053
ROMOSOLIG Sameer eS Sc sae 1055
I LLTUDLLAS See eo eee 1054
SERURISCUUY Ss ace oe ee 1055
SCHSEM EOE: F555 Screen oad 1055
LOTTO BOP ent ee 1054
CRECHOLOTIIG typ oe 1053
BU Salis i 5 5 se eo 1011
EUR ZOD NON AG see oe ee a 1027
HUI ZO DR OTACEAG Sosa asa eee 1027
PMLOLOCIONY 8: ss Soo 1265
aynchanthera)..c65-ssacsse sae ao ss Se 1048
PRO Oeste es ch ee Soc brea 1227, 1237
AIMSTNN 0. ose Poet OEE 1237
DEOLOS4 83sec ot 1227
Teanga lai ie 2S 5 eee See eee eee ee meer ee 1168
Rosa decCastilla- on Soe trots 1246, 1247
Gehan ONtO Na 2 sare reece 1091
depanwWian -£ 5.2 e Se sos 1160
arenas seg a SP SD oe 1157
VGRUG ets soe ee oe es nessa eee 1192
OSA CUE a eee ee oer e eae 1105, 1106
FEDS AGH a en eS 1106, 1216
HROSC-ADDIOs 2c - oe sc astye ce Sst ee 1041
RVOURKOCKISS 6a se sees oe roe 1184
ROU 95 chs oe eee 1234
ROU ao om i ee ce 1178, 1179
Panel ame oo ae see ee 1178
gb Der sse2 = se oot oS oe ere 1150, 1167
Pin Aa gee She ek os ho EM 1130
PRGISSOUG 2288 — oo oe loss hs eS 1308
Ligh LOIN] LoS eee ce SOE IER eae IONY 1183
DADA COs se en on so a eco eee 1149
RADAR OL Soe. Se st) oe eek as ee 1067
Daenpilki 202 ole fo oe ee 1253
Saea-manteck- 76-2927 pos ees 1295, 1296, 1300 ©
Pee AT ACA ee = ne ele ee en ee 903
Cee Gee Sa ee eee eee Ls 902
BACAR tN Lan a ee a _. 1080
ISO CTLD rs oes oo Sak ae eee eee 2) MALONE 1306
SACHANIOCNO 2. sy >to 22 a eae 1150
a irOny pian = a eed ee 1117
[SCs : 2) re ne pels eeiegee pate eens sees «tt 1256
1) Ce a ee eae a 1255
SGMNGbE As 2 aes Ae ee 1269
WHO sso = aoa as0 seo aG ee eeon nee oe 1255
NUT ACORCEN CH COe.3a- a2 sea eae SO ee 1059
PEER eee ih at eo CE 107
RAPNATO Ne | 22-2 oe = 2s et oae koe aoe eee 909
MASI CSS oe es a toa a 894
Ban ESTO= ss oss nasa onon Stee eee 909
Re ONIO se ee ee 1130
BHM SIOSOK foo. ee ee 1287
Bitlavanriat tea: 2 ocean et eee Se 1271
79688—24 32
XXXIITI
Page.
Sela OF aes Seta 6 at ego vo oe OY 1295, 1302
OW ig eee eon Se Si eso 2b ee 1145,
1147, 1245, 1247, 1248, 1256, 1269, 1275, 1276
Adenophoras eet sett yee ee 1267
adslutinans® 4242S 1265
U3 EC eee ee Pe ES 1 So 1268
alamiosanas sss isla oe oe 1264
aloicanatss cos pt res 5 Ae 1260
antenniferas—--S—- cts) ie 1267
arbuseulasss52 55-22. sees se ss sete 1268
anistmla tetas. oes sg 5 ee oo 1267
ASPORA so seas elses cae VE 1264
ballotaeflora S226. 222 See 1262
bicolopsssesee 2 la ds | 1260
TOME CARES ote a8 2 oo 20 1147
boticheanats-Ss2~ 6 oo. eee 1267
califormicas iso. 222222525. 4... 1261
Gandicanse=<--22- 2-22. 222s. ass SE 1261
Candinalisew: 2.22003 29. fos Je Ae 1267
(C@GLOSONSIS'!-s 22 22 #52524 -sei eres 1262
cChamacdrifolidvs oa2>-3222 422-4 ORR 1262
chamacdryoidése=—-. 2-54... See 1262
chamaedrys___-_____--- iiss oy ES 1262
chapalensis 22-25 242252222 <0 > ee 1264
chiapensis=s = +222 225. s0s5552 2 Se 1267
chionophyllas- 224 s--2225232226- Ne 1261
chrysanthas= ==. -4s-2-2222 4 =. eee 1264
iL 42282 2 see 522s eel ce se SRS 1269
Chm STON ae oe ee os see tee PE 1274
Cin abarinat ws sob as ee 1269
Coahuilensise = >> ~ <sacte sd = se ES 1261
Coccin@aiss=<1 sae ess PS ES 1269
Collinsiises2 ces Senet orks 7. 2 5. SE 1261
CONPNIS 2-45 9b es 2 eek a ROE 1261
Conzatitiiin< 2.422 s2 6 sea eo een + TREE 1263
coultertizs «2 2-.i2s2¥i sess 2-26-25 1261
CHENG arate ae = 9s oe a ado 4 5 RUS 1265
Clinyiflora=! x= ==22--2<> sent ee 1267
CyCclopnyllasss as reed tee soe le ee 1267
Gasy calyxsete es hn a 5 hes Pe 1263
Geibolitalees - 22225 3 sivas: eux Sere ya 1145
delimontes 322" <s.m Je: see sev elses ee 1266
Celtoide@ =: 32 sal 8 ese. nn 8 1265
Gisjunetas- fee! o> << ee. - ee ak SNS 1265
CUP OSTI SE tees a eee is al ee 1263
ClopanSs2=s<s~tess shee he 1S denn 1269
fallaxstw inn 2% ve ms aes ASS 2 022+ oe 1263
fasciculata se: 42355 = >. 4 Se 1261
fastwosaz=--222222*22+ 2 rhd x ie EE 1265
fruticulosa-- 2-2 2+ess shee ec SU ee 1263
fulgenG=¥<o. ea aah se Seve ee 1267
GOLCOL ae we ce corte Fae bese eee 1269
goldmanil< -“222--s-eed sees S=> fare 1263
[OT Z8 C7) eee ee ee nee eee 1264
eracilifioras-=2+-=4e<= uleresnsae! Saint AE 1268
STAN AMM Han Soe eee ss ens See ee 1266
QUONGILON Gres = 2 ee see ae ees 1267
Progr iiees Saat fe ee Ane eee 1265
PCH yee ees nie oe neh ole eee 1267
LING yee a Win ee Sn d= we ls A 1145
PNVOLH Ora baste Sone to eet ce a eee ee 1266
fodantha.c2-4S=<-<ct ete eee ee 1268
an Win Slo 5 oe 1268
ROOTS tn a ee 1264
XXXIV INDEX.
Page. Page.
Salvinwiaepigaia 2. se ayo 2k eee ae 1266) yentasiaria we. Sens eee ee 1067, 1249
fantannctolin 5 acces cae 2 ee 1260 Mian ine oF oon eee eee et te 908
NaSinnp hee tye. pipes epee ng Ag eed tet 1264 >| =Santo meegrito.. |. =o) eee 1249
LOD ee 5 en eS een T2620) ABOUT ese oy ae ee ee 1119
JQTN TOM! see eee to i 1266. | anoles see. oo ee 2 ae 1119
SeuCaii Nas! Se eee ee ee 1260).| ¢Sapotacesa: o- 54-282 eee ee 1113
MiPTHOR ss ape. SIA I Ns ee hd 1268~|| Sapotes2. 2-2 se so 1120
LOTTO ON ee ne ee scncsenes 1269 famiUy2. 2.5 aot SL eee 1113
LONUISIINI Re se a eo be, ee Seora2 1267. }sSapotine: <- 2222-2 vo 1120
AVCIOIDOS 8 <2 ee: =o es lee 1262) Sapoyolillo.---.-0---n).2-2-.co5 5 eee 1309
MICUSSOG OLAS =e ene ae 1263: | “Sapuyiwl: 2.224. =o. 2S 1120
MIchoacanae =... 22.2 o nee ee eee 1268) | (Sanualia. --.222. 2.0 1123
ANICNOCU) Cee ee ee 126914) (Sanaroza.<--2- Seo. 2 1029
MiUcrophy lace eo = asia ee 1266), | isanaguaso._ se 1222, 1224
TPIVU IC, Se ee ee SES Se 1267 19) 9 (:\ 0 an ee meme 1222
FHOUISSIMA A hoe to ae a ee 1269’) “Sanamatracas.<-.-c06 a 903
Rati tiram ense. 23 oe tS ee 1264 MISaReOSteM Ins — == ae ee ee 1170, 1171, 1172
RUIPALIS <= ee ee peas 1265¢ | iSsnna de perro..<--oa a e 1154
MGSO TN 2s td hehe So £280) 1) SG COM na eo Se ae 1227
ReDValbaes Ace Se cee le ce oS eS 1268 hediondo_____-- YY eee 1240
MIOUTODIA = 8 yee cee Sa ie 1266" | WSahizocentron.. 2. -- oan 1050
PUR ACANS Se are ee Seppe 1965, | iSeliwackaea- > = ee re 1052
pfarcinalisee) se 1256 | ORES OO 2 ene eee 1252
DLCs DIS see eee ee ee ele es 1265\| ‘Sexophiilariacaso:.....---...-__-_. ____ eee 1304
ONIZSDONSIS a se nt ho gd 1267- | Sees-garganta. = 5 oo 1112
VOTING ae Sed eo ca oe fla retin ah 1268) | (eGga-lechet..- = 22 ae 1247
Minty GHOlUp 25 524d at ene 1262): OSeroneGntian§ oo 8.) ais 1165
PIOMULIO AL tetas ae oS 1260" | “Selenicereus- - =. --2 > eee 913
OC) a oo eee See 1275) | @Semeiandras- 2 ee ees 1075
sringlolssio es ee 12664] Se Ta Sen oo ee 932
PrUiMosss 24-4 eke ok ee 1263) | ieoritee see | 8 ee 1154
SCUROCONCITOD ck get Sa re 1260) 9 emitpts 2 ne ee ae 1060
DU DESOONS! ce 1 2OGy || OUI. 6 = Se ae SS ee ae ee 1119
pilchaella 22 Se oe 1266} Phittimyood: ..- -- ..----- 2 2 ees 1116
TVS S| A a a ee SIS FTN eve DQGD" gare earn oS eae es ee 1104
UE DULG Sao ee ee ee oT DOBRA Sse a Fd Ne es ee ee 1106
SOU ST a= ek Sos ek Ba et le ie 1262): | iBiptemeeess == 25 228 eee 1155
BPTI OSEA ee ts 12621 Blepillo sesh ee ee ee 1155
rc Le ae eee eee L145 1461246) 12750 oidieraxylon=- 2 258 ee 1122
“2o(L [SSeS Se ene eee te te eee 1265 CODES 6S Se ee 1121
OBA Fh ek Ls a re Be 1265 lonuginosum:i2>...- 320. eee eee ee 1116
TOSCO Sosa oat Oe de ace ee Ae 1268 SODONG S552 5 oneans2ssseceeeee eee 1120
mubropunctata=cs2.0 ios 2 126371] #Sieloicamisases _ 3-06. ee 1205
TIP ICOMA = oo Soe eee 1264 Colored setae oo) ee ae 1249
irae el Sap eae eer OES 1147, 1248, 1249 pollejoseec yk Se oe ee 1205
RE WA MMOR s 2522 5 hs SS oe een 1266) nee ese on 2 eee 910
SCOrOdONIA-- 5522s a 1263°4] WSindlos 2.2 i 907
scorodoniaefolis2 2°. == pee 1263: j| MSinicwiche 2-0 =: 624 se ee ee 1026
Semintrata: 3202.0 xe 32 a SG es 129642 ABI Curie a ae et 1026
Benipenfiorens <s2c 5 = soe eS T5657 } Mee CuGhG! =o 2. seo Se ae So ee 1026
SONpVllolinz=: soon eee as 1261; }| @Binita® 05 nee ea 911
IROSSO IEE eek = 2 Se i Bua CAS a eee 1109
Shannon she he ee RECO AER IICO LORS os 2 ea ss ee 1220, 1221
SPD LO EA Ra on PERCU - Ore, ACER 1147 DIAN CO. f.2 223k oe ee ee eee 1221
BST PIS fe) No De = aS en 1262-5 eee eee eh ee 1061, 1063
GY IMOIGES sess oe ol Ses ee 1261 OSCR aah oe ES ie 2 ae eee ee 1067
LTR TyS) 1 (0) 2 ee end co meres, ss sere 1264 Ht @SirinGgnss 2. 8 sO 1067
BARR ArLOlOMG so saat tse oe a 1216 Ti impel a s e 1104
ce 1 Ae eS Se ee eee 120510651160" 1 Muni bash eo eo ee eae 1085
DMANICO: secs A Meee ot oo Sa oe MOSM aSelanaceas: Se 2 = os eee 1277
MANGO. = oases a es Ses TRUS E RARE | PSL dae ee em See ee ae 1284
Pablo 2<5- psa SU Us lsc a eee 1214. 0 @Solanvrnile be oes 2 ee ee 1289
uafsehitoss 5.5 eae eae 1249 aculeatissimim. 4. oe 1299
Sandia dela Pasion.-. ee 849 ZN (2) 016 Oe eae AER RE met pee ad 1296
Sage Getordn o-oo Sase cece PeSLUne Ve Noe = om 1224 amatitlanensé:- 32-2222 e a ee 1292
INDEX. : XXXV
Page Page.
Solanum amazonium._............-.-.---.-. 13800 | Solanum oligospermum_______._________.___. 1296
UID CRICOMAL = eon ee 1296 palm Gris=zese72) Sere cosas aa 1294
SMICGtwM =o. ee 1298 plum ensét22 225552 Seeks een eee 1296
appendiculatum <2. 1294 plunifurcipilums=ss5 2) 22s = 2-25 1295
AZUTOUM Ys 2 sac oooh eee RE 1300 porphyranthwips= == 2-55 oa5 2 sss wee =e 1300
DICOLO TESA ec ee ge 1296 DLN Gels se saa onvaso ese eunrhe aves dunay 1292
DOldGeNS ORs ase eniscese sass PS 1294 DUDIG CHIL 2235152 oe = nee ante bdo amb 1296
Ibrachystachyss6434 sss sss es -Se 1297 PULLED USI is peer nes Sen nt NS BE 1292
EQULEON DU OUMM 59S ee 1295, 1296 MECODUM = io a 2 ats 952 er eee SEEDS 1295
COMVAN GOS sass g oo ctesacbesosose =o Se 1296 refracttmias<=s2<222 5-54-3455 =4 === 525s 1298
ehiapensesssss2-ooseesosctecseces 9M 1293 Salvitfolivimio-=-s2a-=9s2455-s2soese 1295
eChloropetalume> os. 2 scele eee 1300 Schlechtendalianum........--------=<----- 1295
CHU SOLTICH ALIN 23 aes es 1300 seaforthianum__________- sone et Saige 1294
CONLET-UINONS 5245 ans ssa asesaa eee sae 1295 sideroxyloidesis= 2-~=2-+- 2: 52-- ae -- 1293
CUNCIOUUM 2533552 oss assess 1298 WECUIALU Tesh tens on 2s Ded E enn OU 1293
CUNO SUTTER aera els a a ae SE 1301 StEDRENOCGIYT = 22222 2ssscness ke. ne eae 1293
Gip hoyle sss 554 ~ 405 5S5-52 45. 1298 Stephanodes s=s22s22s-22s2225-2222 1294
Giversifoliums.35. 5555252242522 22S 1302 sylwicolac. -=2+-s<+- 2-225 s< 5222 25 SE 1292
donnell-smithil<2 22252-22242 taessasa= 1298 LOMUDICONSES = 22 nw 2a he ee wk 1298
dulcamarass232-43:552.5--. =e 1294 tequilense.--<-+---s=222--222552528-5208 1299
METRUGINEUN weir wars cocdasxocesesss se 1301 GORWUME 2as222 252 s4see2 22sec enews 1301
WEVESCONS sas Soo saaaceetessasacsee 1299 ELiQUetTUM Jai s-222222 25-222 sss. ane ee 1297
WLOCCOSUN = oss s22sSsssaese essa ee 1301 GriSl@ = 2-22 -/hse/=22-¥222-5. 242-52 1297
BPal0ttlzvaecssos5s2ssescssecsesesesseesee3 1294 tUberoSUM == ====2-=2+-62--2:-.2.2eed 1289
POMINMOru mds sso 24 sessesessssese=Se 1292 ulin O1deSis==5<5 2=224522-2-42<- =< Oe: 1295
VOM OU Mirae soos ss esses 1295 umbellatum~--22=-=-=222-22 eee eee ee 1295
glopifaram sae dee es 2c ccctesescecel™ 1300 MENOSUM = 2 =< 22222 522sees25255282see= 1297
granuloso-leproswm—— ==2=s=-=22-=25==2222 1295 DENDE-CTILCIS Paes 28S Bm pe 8 oe 1300
NOM GUO Ss ass2s-2sccoroseeescese- eI 1298 verbascifolium:-=+-+-<-222-<-<2222<2s--™! 1295
MOND Qe ec sescto res sesceee 1301 VingatiiMe=--.-<.--2<-22--2-. oe 1293
Neiman aOSil-/cesssscsisssssessseso 1301 Nal tlvassoecsssedeseesses-25-55s2 ee 1297
Min Gsignum 2s=.-+s2es-< ssecesse-2-e 1300} ||). Solerasee--<5-----25-ss200 s22222~s0cde sede 1219
intume.ss-soscs2hessessse sess 1299)+|- -SoHmS nas >- sans oe es soe 2 assess 1168
MIS PIGUM =s2<5-s2s2ccescosseccsshecesse 1300) |b SOMSIA- = See e Set oo wasn nb taessc fost s+2esse-55 974
OOGKERIONUIN Te a2 = Sees eee nes fo oe SE T2O2b IE Solteromsalss t AUER T ois Lh es a oa es oe oe 1237
NOUSTONI S22 s22 2s eese ee erseece assess 1ZO8) We Sonorasss =< 2a s0r os oaeentoe leva u neal 1248, 1249
huitlanum-~<2seL<222s2e-25-2222-- 1299 20) a ae eee eee ae nee ee Jn US 1249
NalISCANUIMN a i= ss asSessseseeecs sce 12050} SOLbitOsesa-sc s2552-sssccseon5es42252.5 1249
HAIMAICENSO = >= se secec sence ee sea se ee DO. {hs SOS eyes Sen a ae es ee 1214, 1295, 1301
HASMINOIDESH es 2 s-eaecsosetekcscstece Se 1293; |} Spanish gooseberry =s=+-2222=2s-4s--25=2=2822 859
\aMDliee ses soSea-ssercsossescusectesseS 1293) |) Spennerd=-+--<<2=2222<2ec-2e.52cseheene-28 1052
lanceifelium(=s22sisesssscseesseeesesze222 1269:"|| ‘Sphaceless2---<-s2422-se-e=>sseseeste2s=2e0 1276
lanceolatuit=nascs2ssccS2ecsseeces-22522% 1301: ||: Spieeberrysq=-----22-=--=-s2ssss-232 255222280 1042
laurifolium +5232 s22--sescesss-s2elscs225 1301. || ‘Spikenard, American: --+-=--====:=---=22-222 1081
HONGUM <2 sssecssseessesssessesceeses22 224 1293: ||) Stachytarphela-22+.--<<--2~-¢--+s=-s<=2== 1242, 1243
Ngnescensa amo 4sees eee ssw an!ss kao MH $204: |) Staphidiwm=-.s2£-=-s-+=222-5-22225= 1071, 1072, 1073
lucidmo sacsssesscccssesssessrss eS 1297: |. Star-apples.=+-=--==2s:2s=22-sss22s=422s=242- 1114
macrantherum).<222s=22s522=ss225ss20 = 1294. |) Stegnocanpuss=-s-=<-=-=-<2 = <2 == === ea 1228
MACTOPHYUWM a sa2 228 sseee ass 1300 |, Stelmagonium:s--==-==+=2-+2=-s--52-5- 1194
MBGreNSe: «ss2ccsssssesee es ee ee 1901" i) Stemmadenia-=2-+-2>-<s2:-2s<se-22o = 1155
MAMIMOSUM == 2222 ssese522452 2 1299": |) ‘Stenocenéus==.~s<2s2o2-0c2<-22oe es eee eee 899
Marginatum <= =<=s2===sss<sssss- scsi! 1800>'|) 'Stenostomuitee= ===: --2- ss'scee=-2=525>-e 1232
melon gena-..==-=3-<22<sss-2524455-22-2 80 1289). (Stickles fees=2+-=2s222=5-2-2<------ - See 854
MHOXICANUM: 2: = 2255 2222ssbteeseoet = Ue 1301, || ‘Stopperjred+-<:<-==-222sse¢--eseste2= StS 1042
mitlens@i<..+<:2s=4522222s- me 1301 Wwihit@se 2222 2tsscicccssests cas). Sees 1046
MOLESUM =252255-2s2s2eeecee dete eee ee M299" || 'Storaxtes oie se - cd ewcceneleca-cet ees 1129
MNOWNWM 22 2=s2222 22655222222 252 1301 family#-=<22==<<seseesseceeecceeacee ees 1129
Migricams === -s222s-s2sss2seesszes55222 ee 1297 | Strawberry guavas--2-<--2=------222-4-- 22 1036
MIQCUM 2222 222222=Seceesstsee ese 1296) || Streptotrachelus:.----2-=<=-==+-=22----=-5s2— 1165
NOCHUINUM <2 22-cs<sccasczsctscesodee 1298 “| Strombocactus=--=---.-<-2=2<--<-- oe ee 933
MUGUM sees 22 sc-ccuhesscevestcdsn=2 see 1207 | Strychniness=2-+=--=-sc=2<scs-e==-tseeeeee 1142
MY Cuaginoldes + 2-=-==-<=<2-see=s22<2L 1202) yi Stry chn0s 22 -~25-.s20c.<cksodsecesces eee 1142
OAXACAMUM: .f--c2-=2eeee et <2 one eb 1208.1) ‘Styloygnes=2-252-==<2ss<-sssecees=ccscees a 1108
Ovtust/Oli = 222+) ane ene eee ten ee 1300) >| Styracaceae:~<--=-2-.222scese-esecee eee eee 1129
ochraceo-ferruginewm _..-.---------------- T3025] (St yraxiseet cocci cece euse chet ons SE 1129
XXXVI INDEX.
Page. Page
IANS 2 Bee oe oe Ls Fae ae ee 909. ||? "Remipextle: 2 32 eS yo ee 1118
Shit el ec el ot ee Oe Sa Se ee ee ee 1219) 4 "Rempisque: . =.= 22 1123, 1124
Senile a se A ee Ce a en Se 1150) 1) Memipien te ee ae 2 ee 1118
Sich cates eases eS as See eee 50) 1) Rempixque:_2--2-* 5. See eee 1122, 1123
HRA DOREY = sso set ee ea 122i. |) Rempixquiztii. <2. A 3-522 see a eee eee 1118
Sete Trae Se ee ae eee eee PY 00) '|§" Rem pixtle:_ = tc. ts et ee ee 1118, 1122, 1124
STEUER SIN oye oh EY Se ae eee eres! | 1052; |) Rempizquixtli-_£ i. 23 ee 1118
SUNALOIde A ierra = hoo es ase 1062) |; Demipizquiztle.- c=. 2. <5 a ee 1118
SS CIE UT SITIO N ONY ke PN 1039" |) ‘Rempleiflower 3 =. so ee 1150
SVEG SOLU NCE as ee a ee ep ee ee eae 909: ‘|; emiporania—- 2258s a ee 1231
RUMEN We te 8 SS Le ne 909) ||) "Bencholote.- 2232-2 2 875
SRUAD EAS eS ee eee I eee eS 128301) Reocomitl 2. 52) 2 Se ee eae 940
Sweot, pepperbush:=__.- =- sae 1088? |) ‘Repeacuilotl: = 53 os ae 1087
Shera Cr ae 2 aes oS oe ar ASI) Rapecuilos 2 ='.5. 5.) ee 1087
It: 011 \ See a oe ae REE pa Co (130! |) “Bepecuildte. i ee 1087
SMVGOU-DOLGLOS = = oc Se a ie 1203)»'l) "Teneiz quit) ss. Ss es ea 1098
Reet anes 25 26h 2 Sa pe 1157) |} Pepenexcomit]__......_.... moe ee 940
Syanplocaceags: =. e) - s 1130) |; “Beperomero: &: =. oe ae 1168
SHUN DIOCOS =. - 22. 2 se es ee 1130), 1) Mepesiz= == 2-2 ee 1237
SRI Tf: ee Oe ee ne eee eae rs PPT 1132; |) Tepesquistuiechil-_. or 2 ee 1098
(OC a eee ee eee 865° |) Benpetomates._.-...-. -. 1094
USA CO et oe eS ee 1278) |) Menezapoter .... ~ 0 1089
IARI O Me = so oe el hee 1278" |p Deperquite-...2=-. i 1098
“CEET ING 0) 1 ee Se ae 1214, 1278, 1296 Nenola tbe eesti a 1148
Genmnontes =. 822 ss ee 1147), \0 Beposana*sss__. 2. =. 5... =... ae ee 1144
Tabac6n_._____- fol he ee Se 12141278.1906) |) Mepozac tee 22 22. 82 ae 1145
SUSU cee eee 11463) Menoranit es 252 8 1148, 1145, 1146, 1147, 1281
Mmanaqgillos.f 2- 2 1147, 1214, 1247, 1273, 1278 DIAMNCOsS 2 sa Ses eee ee a 1146
CTS Se ee ae oe eee stan 1028 clnianron =o. a sot ee ee 1147
Mahbernsemontanhs: _. 2-55. = +S. eee 1154 MBICRITNOS = 3c a> Bek es oe 1147
SEAEUTS OVI CHG agit Se a a 1115 extranjero...... "<2. 5 ee 1278
ALC 8] 1: We ae at en ee ee ae 1278 WEDS... = eee oe te ee 1145
Un Oe a a eae a 1274), |e mapozeanero. co. i288 =o 1145
CTU Ty yn ec ee DT an ene ASG Menwaveees. - e 1145
Malnvotes.+ =.=... 1175, 1178, 1180, 1181, 1185, 1192 Reguampstli_.. :-...22 5-22. 2-c oe 1180
VAC DS Ss ee ee ee 1171 RORORED 2 2. as Soa 3c 55 ates a ee 1306
alehing ee! 2s ee wl a 2 1055) iy) Pereiopelo:.22- 2: 2225 2c 2 eee 1089
STR ee pe ee ee eee L247) \\e erminalig <_< 252) tek oct es 1029
PET Oe Oe a A 1918) |), Mescalamaes ..- 220... ce cane ee 1236
“nitrite a rh fee ee | OOO) fi Meshustess2 22. oe tec ecees 1059, 1060, 1061, 1068
PEE GU CTT | END Se ae Ryd Ran EO LORE | F et AZO eee es ae Bo a ee es 897
CUT CCS See Es Sees See A eee eee S LInGS ly Meteehoe.- 2. = po 897
MINTY cUN] of oe Seen | Se ae oe EE en 1149) Meterzas ses oe oo 5 oe 897
apapnlavorese.< 2. 2a! a eee ree 120K 19066 I Netonases: W <2 2s_ boo ses 2 oe 2 1284
Miap-ch@e- a OOS). Memnnatee ssa. 55 Sel Ll. See 1068
Pane pee steel ne a ee 1249/0; Mezontle.\..s-s22425-~ 3205555242 6 sen 1120
Une COL GE ee a ee a oe 860:,862,,871."|| “‘Rezonzapote:..=-—-.s-5<.2-52225-4225 52 ee ke 1120
SILAS Res tas Bee SA a ee Se 874,013) || ‘Dheloesctus: |. 2... 55.2 2522- 5 eee 956
SRATASCATHOS she = = oe 2 A bh pe 12470) || Dhenardia_ 2.222) 2. 25-222 1158
PRATAS CATT OS fo. ko 02S) ee ae 1247) “Rheophrasta family... ==. 535 1104
UMS Te 00 See at Se ae 1128.,|| ‘Bheophrastaceae— ~~... =~. 22552 scese ees 1104
PBeiiecostas. 5-2 8s Sel 1249 |) *Dhevetia.. <5. ecco e 1151
denmaceige s 2 )s- 2 = ee ee 1248") Dhevetine.&~ 2. - 1 oe SL ee 1152
Ol iiih 2a ae ee fee 1231 Piabouiie =. oe So. ee 1103, 1104
aalmiGnte sf oe 8 se ee 127303) DRhucupache xaqusa __.25 2-225 555. 5 ee 1297
ODT ot ee ee ee ee 1947.1 948). | nye O 2 JK ores abooscestoss sos ee 1196
elelparieeae eae G gee 8 Se ee 1248) <| ‘TNaymelacacese._ 2. 2-525. 25.3 1012
LOA ee 5 ee ee eee 12733) anquize 22 5-2 de 1113
Recap tliny 2-282 bee See LT ps 5p ro pie 10610), ‘Mipouchinal: ..5.-<... co eee 1053
eRarOMAxGCh ig yoo ee ke oe 1984 "| "Rigitilotesté =. 22: 2252 ee 1218
aciisimpathi. 2222 eel a dat 1180 TILT O Soh os som ha ge aa 1218
IDSA ihe See Se en oe ee 1245; (\) Witujeriliges. 25 es ee 1163
het ring eee ot sak sesscl eae 865) “Dilapovss. so. 3288 eee access cba pease 1118
Menipeschitle: 2s25"5. - <a 1118) (|: Walzapotlee2s c~ 2. hoo 1118
PROTA PESO UIStIGS oe. oa en ae ea 1198)"} (ixicias aes oaks... cae ee aes 1232
INDEX.
Page.
SUC UR eee Moe RS eS 5 ee ae pe 1113
PRiscuiles se ess asec eee ee 1281
RizaTochitle corer ase Se eee eee 1150
iPinchichinodacs ee eee oe ae 1232
Mlachichinolsesc26-2— ee ea 1113
RRO LO sees eae re ae ea 1168, 1185
ila Chichinolltswe rss nse Ie ss 1113
RIM} Able 2 Sa eas ee eh Ices 11138, 1232
RBA Za Otlee ae e e ee RS a ee 1128
PRU ZANOL Sars eae eee ee LS 1128
SERRA US VLG TCA) 2 om peer phen: 5 0 9s ID 9 5 ere 1098
I NGVUIE Woh Efe ee See ree ees See ee see ere eee 1097
PRA ACCO Ms ae Pe ee . S 1278
BTC COC Oar a a ah of a a 1070
prenonchichiv 2 ee 1296
PRBILOLOUELITe 2 ee ee 1250
pies set O ee ee eee ee 1158, 1288, 1301
SROMIpSAN Saec seek ao ee ee ee 1295
DRG TAU se a ee 1154
MRODODES hs oe ee 1073
PHODGV Ars = oh oe oS ees 1232
PRO PO 20ers Se ee ee 1087, 1147
SRG DOZADE fe a oe ea 1147
SROPOZANOS Se ots oe ee ee 1247
PROT DISCOS eh i ea 1168
BROnGtCietssstete te a es ee 1236
PARE OTR ee wea 8 be 1298
Sar onileees rs ae 55 es - = = S 1266
CGC) E 2 SS eS Ss eee meee. S 1171
puatocnitlazapotle-*—. 2226225 te 1128
SRBTOMOSIINOS= === ae 1237
Bint OnOZOlOh a= ee ee eee ee 1068
PROLOUZANOW o- 1123
ienurnelortia=— =. 5s ae ee ee 1229
PRR ECILELOS DICT TAL UD no en ee et eee 1165
Piree-melon 2.58 Ss ee 851
PETES COLONES: = 22 one ose Se 1249
Minichesacmes <2 ee 1182
ePrichostelmas---- oo se a 1194
Bhrichostemiats= << 73 so NEN 1272
ManiGlemas nese bans he aaa ryt 1058
Biramibitae Gos. 2 soak ohh ea 1284
BIRR ITNDO TL ORR ee ee ane a gen - 1024, 1220
Pr@naGOra--2- 3. oe 1278
MER NONO. Oe oss ott oe eS oS a he Ye 1138.
Mininipet-lowetae. ees eer cee pens 1152
ANSE OFS. CTE of i a MS eee ate Sa Ste eee. Se | 1120
DEN CIICO See = on ee ee 1110
“UNITE NSS 2002 SS Pua eaestes 2 Dra vkeiees | CWS 863, 865, 899
GATNICS OY Sec at rea ep eae SE eRe 888
Cand Ong =o ecco sae ote eee 887
COP AS TI eee Ra ae +862
de@astilla. 2-3 ee eee ee eee 886
MUbaAZ Nil. aos se a ee eee 885
RUC ce je cece eae ee 874
TOCOnOXtlas3.Le cc ee eee ee 874
MANSA. 35S Ses we see 863
CANOE oot oes aS ose see eee 883, 888
MNOS = ee ocean u eu abcaesseeonee 899
ABO DIS se oe os Sere ee 1208
PROEICUD Seo seeet Ser eee ee ee 1113
PBETMNS dO: PCIlO areas re oe eee SUE 1155
‘ANT SG x0) teh ee eee eee | 1046
PRUGUMUSH te bos ose us ee 1205
Piwtumustesoa odo eee SS 1205
XXXVIT
Page.
SR TRECY HY OTA (Yelle eee ee eee oe SRO = 1183
Mi Zal7asten, eases SA ea lee nee 907
Py ZADON OCU een 5 TOs ee aes oe vas 907
MIZE DOL Le Seer Se ss eB ee ee 1120, 1132
aDZAD YAN ootocece cee ee ee 1027
PU ZED VON Shand ester oe | anes Si = ey eee 1027
ZCOZAPOUe ss ese eS sha ee ee 1119
wzinacanytlacuatie 22.2 22500) Sua ee 1152
Mzompantle ess Se ee 1146
sbzopilotlaquatls 22 3s ee eee 1297
Wraldma tes wats cee La ae eines 1236
Wien shss ok eee Soe site ss SO 1030
Of a Ba ae SE eee eee 8 nS 1039
Wim belais bees Secs eae ee 1112
Wins del eatokse eo ee eee 1249, 1299
Wirechites: 2-23) cen io Shes Se 1161
Wrostophanus: 2-.--/ 22s ee eee 1193
(Uitzupek——so25255--so55e se eee 1155
NOVA sei eo eee et 1109
POMOSE2 cee ee ee 1218
Wecelama ooo Shoe ee 5 ee 1236
LDN CEN t(( ee oa oan OO MNES ES 1236
WiwerOs- 2-0 25252) ee 4 eS ee 1218
UL So ee een 1253
Wivilllows fans 2 a ee 1218
Windia ocosa jks se ee Se ee 1218
WACCINIACERE =. ose eos oe 1101
WMaccinium:. 22+: s.0-o2526- ee 1101
Mallamia® = e532 a a a ee 1236
Walerianoidés >. 3522-2 = See 1242
Wallésiaiaoss settee 1150
WaQuUerom ee 23 2 So el 1084
Wara, blancaz.2522-5.-.2..) +. = ee 1245
Geliaicalde22ss- 8 ee 1253
Gul Cer ee 1245
prietaz=_—— Bt oS ee Oe ee 1219, 1224
WENT NSLS 5 eee oe Se elie ee ey 1219
Iplancalss 2.50 te oe eee Seeereeee 1218
Warlllamegra{ <2 25-2 ee eee 1222, 1223
Marnonias--- === see = see eee 1222, 1223
CUE 5S oe ak oe oe 1218
Wasconcellea >. =. ee ee 851
Wavos= 5-22-56 ee 1218
Vielas‘de coyote. =-2 2.22. -2 =... = ee 874, 875
Welezaienredadera=_=-2=-~—-- =.= Bees 1113
Wenenilio® += 225 se pee 1168
Woenenito= 2S ee ee eee 1153
iWeneno: delidiablo= = 2 eee 1142
VWienturosa:.colorada-.-.- =~ = eS 1249
Merbena.= 3 = 25-4525. o-ce ones eee 1212, 1243
agullise o> een ee es 1243
CURASSQUICE, 32 55 a Oa 1236
Wamaicensiss.- = ee 1243
LEGQUSTNR LU en A es eae 1244
ONTOS = eo Ree 1275
MTUPUD IS = oo a eee 1243
TOSAGR 2 ans teen ee a ees 1243
stoechadifolia___---- Ea ae ee eee 1247
WiGRDONACER C= Sse: Ses ae ee 1234
NWEHOISSe oe ree es Se 1094
Wervain family 9-5. 223-52 eee 1234
Nitbonsas 2 eee ee eee 1084
Wilborilla. ccc eaten 1154
BVIGAT fice 3.95 goa ee ee 1157
WichiShOV0es-- se ee SES 912
XXXVIII
Page
WientO Loses oe es pt ee i 890
Wake ici F538 Ra er Ge i oe a ee 890
PTRTU CO te 8 eal ao SE Ke od es ne SES 1157
PURER COLO RA CTE II eS Se 5 etek a 1185
WE AMIPTISE TORT Ss Sen ss ee 1192
IS RTT ER oe ea Se et tre ns Sopa 1190
UETETMONOULER = 2-82. So oes a 3 eee 177
atrocoronatum =. .=..-5. 2.2 [ssa se 1193
Dsnaual ess) ee NS en es alee 1192
Calcicola = sus =o 8s oe = oe eee ah at 1191
CELE EY pn ba Ve Se ete espe 1190
Paganiesil 2) S28 voor he ee eee eee 1188
CHIANGTISG len = ot ae oe ee oe 1193
chlorantibumis 2 --- oo 5. tee ee 1190
chvysantitm(:2~ 22 - 25s 2 ee 1190
COnLESCUM =. 5 2225 se = See 1189
Crenatum ©2805 8s 255-25 -55355 5 eee 1191
CyClophiy slip sak Sah ts ek Se 1191
Clit ernie tririy = 2 Fs oh oe ned 9 ee 1188
eQii netm SS as en = ee nee 1192
NETS GENUACEIND SS 8 Oo eee aa it 1190
PRIS TA RTE aoe Sere or ey kk ol a ks a 1189
age NLT ee ei hae Set ae ee ee A 1191
TESTU Cen TaD ee ee ee 1187
FERRETS TSO ee 1 oe an Ee ee ee es 1193
PETAL ene Eh oS os a - 1177
MELO DRIe = 2, 5 ot oe Lia ees 1188
RiCescens Ss 8 oe Un ee eS 1188
NPIACTANIG TNT 52 be ee oe SS en ee 1191
THSSTHIOUPEN == 22 sea ee ee 1188
MICE ACATP BUM Se os 1193
TREATIES oe ee a 1177
TeMOoroshm oo 2 ee ee 1192
TMIGTOSCRNIS oss ere et oe alias be 1192
GaxaCannnt to52 So ee a eee 1191
RCO = soa es BA eet 1192
TOs ty ENS a eee ese ene 1189
NOEL CRSURTER oes 2 Se eh tn ge 1191
TMODIANSD sso oe es eee al 1193
TRE RCUE A CRED Sh 2 Se Da ee 1189
Sue pimentortinl == ss ee 1187
OL a Ee ee ET nye Pe 1177
SLOMO ne teeny So Sees es a 1190
Btenoph yen ses -- 5 ee 1188
Stratum os eee 1190
SUberifertint (yee oe see sa a ys Ss = el ap 1189
DING ONS ass ok oes Shee oa a eo 1188
trifloram 3232s oe et oh 1189
HOP Me Set os eerie eee 1192
WSRUGLT URN =) st eo es ed 1189
Xan CHOMOnEM = 422 2 thew oS oa De 1193
RMiGletinas 222 22 33 keeway. gehen) 1242
Rip iviO= | 92m Ste ete ee oo ee 1278
Ua DUT IT ees me eee 1120, 1121, 1122
TRB eee ae ee es eo Se 1235
Wanda: alepre ti: cases een eo bo 1252
MAb aliph «(et ee ee ers oo 878
WAMTIAG AS = scsi as 2 ced ek 2 a 940
\G) CG (0) peed ee ee es ae 1157
MOLI CT Sh ak ee ok so ld 1252
iVomiitel/ colorado: 42-2525 2224222. eb esed oh 1221
Waterleaf family <3 o-seen = eke ee ee 1213
WhEtenmaneroves2+~ 2:2 2> 3-52-22 1031
SQPO0s~ 2225252 nose acess en akon ee see el 1255
White stopper)..-- == -2=- 222253222 ees
INDEX.
Page
WWihite-slde@r if. 3. ae Oe ks 1088
Wattortlebenryeac. 35-0222 1101
Lite) 106 Lf: ea nn aI OS OE Nie 1213
iWalcoxias s———— - 2-4 902
Winttrereen: = - 2. 2 32. ae 1092
SUV HE era os Se ee eee 1302
Watheringia@e: 3 ws oe 1303
VO Ue ee a eee 932
Woanderberrye<.25 =o 1297
OM a- CRU 2 a Se eee 1115
BCA eee a a ee 865
DCN) ie a eee 1295
EMCAMDOCOCHS 222522 oe a see ee ee 1241
LCI) 0 112 el ee Reet Ota!) 1224
ACO AROS t= 1119, 1120
OMA ee ae 893
CASI CHO MOSH 1029
2) OC S| oe a oe). 1300
Beoalncatlt: 2. ate es ee 908
Pmochiloorona =. <6. 5250 hoes ee ee 1087
PROCRINGMIG Sc oe ee 1106
SaGpemocnel 287052 a 874
SeOPOnOSulG 5S eee 874
DP ON cco Sle 1122
PRUCOSOGNI Y= 5.55 Bs ee 1037
2.0731 01) (ee a eee CIE SL ee 1249
PRUIBING 22s 1091
Bhan trys a3 ne) en ee ee 1018
PRO arr yee ee 1109
EXCabCHS = 2 oso ae 1029
ON es |e ae oe omar NEEL, | 1295
DTH a aCe ee Pee AES ET 123i
RLOCD OCCUR Oo eo 1097
PRyplonagra <6 oe tee ee 1077
Se eS ee 1119
Wweiee pulexobasss ee 1226
Marseilles. - oe) ee 1133
eee ne 1041, 1045, 1046
Wipe -nSSe soo i ee 1133
Wara-nita. 2223.0) 5.2- tat ee ene 1094
Maga-quieguere:: 22250535580 ee 1157
Weary ania. 25s eka ee 1094
Perieee ante 3 oe ee 1027
Wéelancito amarillo..---...-5..-) = ee 1074
STENT) 1G eas RA ce ROE cy 1168
Wang <4) 53 Soe 1029
MASTNG ee nn oe arin acca ncamuan ee e 1236
Mellow jasmine: 22-2) ee ae a 1142
oleae 5 oie oe eee 1162
Pby ote ea <2 see eerie 1152
MiG y Ot ee ee eS ke ee 1152
SMO VOLUN Soo ss 1152
PAN COCRC8 2225 = oe oe ee 1152
Maninate® 2. a 1183
Preimete 2%. St et Ae 1168
Wutnu-didzi..- 2 <6. A ener 1027
MiaC-Coptese oe aS 1221
COUN So ae ae et ee Seek a ele ee 913
CAP Ot) |" <2 See ae EEE ee en a Pe ee 1119, 1120
AIMANUIOS 2a a Se ee es ae 1121
DOMmachO. = 22 3 ae 112)
Caimito.. - 233055 oo ko 1114
Chico. 2-32) ee ee 1119
Colorado. oo San oe ae ee eel pan 1120
aejabelas: .—— s-2 2 eee oipteere 1119
Zapote de ave ...-_.--
damifios.setes-—=-
INDEX.
UTE Ose nat a DU Re POL ye iy ts 1121 | Zompantle
ORICLG = earn ose Dee ea ct Eee 1128 | Zompopo
AADObIU OE sane eae ee ae 1086, 1119, 1125, 1249 | Zorrillo
demontanans-a2s. ee eee Pitt oe 1089 | Zoza
ADO VION eee ee ee ae ee te 1114 | Zozote
DON Olea tener sea ae ts a a SO 1120
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
CONTRIBUTIONS
FROM THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL HERBARIUM
VoLUME 23, Part 5
*
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO
(BIGNONIACEAE-ASTERACEAE)
By PAUL C. STANDLEY
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1926
BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM
II
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO
By Pauu C. STANDLEY.
150. BIGNONIACEAE. Bignonia Family.
Trees or shrubs, often woody vines; leaves opposite or ternate, simple or usually
compound, the terminal leaflet frequently replaced by a tendril; flowers perfect,
irregular, usually large and showy; calyx inferior, gamosepalous, often closed in
bud, spathaceous, truncate, or 5-dentate; corolla gamopetalous, the limb 5-lobate,
the lobes usually somewhat unequal; stamens usually 4, inserted on the upper
part of the corolla tube; fruit capsular or baccate, often very large.
Pyrostegia venusta (Ker) Baill. is often cultivated in Mexico. It is a vine with
bifoliolate leaves and large clusters of long narrow red-orange flowers, native of
Brazil. In El Salvador it is called ‘‘San Carlos.” Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.).
Fenzl, a native of South Africa, also is frequently cultivated. It is a vine with
pinnate leaves and large, orange-red or scarlet, very showy flowers,
Plants scandent; leaves, at least some of them, with tendrils, and bifoliolate.
Tendrils with sharp-pointed hooked tips; corolla yellow____-_- 1. BIGNONIA.
Tendrils without sharp-pointed hooked tips; corolla not yellow.
Disk absent. Flowers purple or pink; fruit linear_________ 2. CYDISTA.
Disk present at base of ovary.
Calyx apparently double, with 2 or 3 interior lobelike appendages. Flow-
ers purple or pink; capsule oblong-elliptic, smooth.
3. AMPHILOPHIUM.
Calyx simple, not appendaged.
Corolla white, turning yellowish; fruit muricate, oblong or elliptic.
4. PITHECOCTENIUM.
Corolla pink, purple, or orange-red; fruit not muricate.
Corolla orange-red, coriaceous, 9 to 11 cm. long.
5. PHAEDRANTHOUS.
Corolla pink or purple; corolla less than 9 em. long.
Capsule oblong or ellipsoid.
Corollaxcomaceous: Se 5 sey tae hee aie 6. DISTICTIS.
Corollacthined 290r) 2762) snot dae 7. ADENOCALYMNA.
Capsule linear. Corolla thin.
Calyx campanulate or tubular-campanulate_8. ARRABIDAEA.
Calyx broadly campanulate or saucer-shaped.
9. PETASTOMA.
Plants erect; leaves never with tendrils, simple, digitately 5 to 9-foliolate, pinnate.
or rarely 3-foliolate.
eaves pionate.). Flowers yellow: 222.522 se Se ee 10. TECOMA.
Leaves simple or digitately compound.
Leaflets 5 to 9; petioles not winged; fruit capsular.
Stamens pubescent; leaflets usually 7 or 9; corolla yellow.
11. GODMANIA.
1313
1314 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Stamens glabrous; leaflets usually 5; corolla yellow, pink, or purple.
12. TABEBUIA.
Leaflets 1 to 3, rarely 5, but the petioles then broadly winged; fruit capsular
or baccate.
Leaves simple, linear; fruit capsular.
Flowers yellow; seeds glabrous, broadly winged_-.13. ASTIANTHUS.
Flowers white or pink; seeds long-hairy, not winged__14. CHILOPSIS.
Leaves compound or, if simple, broader than linear; fruit baccate.
Leaves alternate, simple; fruit 2-celled________- 15. AMPHITECNA.
Leaves opposite or fasciculate, simple or compound; fruit 1-celled.
Calyx spathaceous, slit along one side; fruit elongate, cylindric;
plants usually armed with short spines; leaves 3-foliolate
16. PARMENTIERA.
Calyx campanulate, irregularly cleft or truncate; fruit globose or
oval; plants unarmed; leaves simple or compound
17. CRESCENTIA.
1. BIGNONIA L. Sp. Pl. 622. 1753.
1. Bignonia unguis-cati L. Sp. Pl. 623. 1753.
?Bignonia pubescens L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 870. 1763.
?Doxantha mexicana Miers, Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. 3: 190. 1863.
Bignonia acutistipula Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 375. 1854.
?Bignonia lanuginosa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 491. 1882.
Bignonia californica T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 170. 1903.
Baja California and Sonora to Oaxaca, Yucatdn, Veracruz, and Tamaulipas.
West Indies; South America.
Woody vine, the branches often with aerial roots; leaves slender-petiolate;
leaflets 2, the third one replaced by a tendril, this trifid, each branch ending in
a sharp hook; leaflets lance-oblong to broadly ovate, 3 to 8 em. long or larger,
acute, obtuse to cordate at base, entire, thin, glabrous or pubescent; flowers
yellow, the peduncles axillary, 1 or few-flowered; calyx campanulate, loose, 1.3
to 2 em. long, subtruncate or irregularly lobate; corolla funnelform-campanulate,
4.5 to 7 em. long; capsule linear, obcompressed, 30 to 40 em. long, 1 to 1.5 em.
wide, smooth; seeds 2 to 2.5 cm. long, winged. ‘‘ Xcanol-ak’”’ (Yucatdn, Maya);
“bejuco legitimo,” ‘‘San Pedro de guia’”’ (Tamaulipas); ‘‘liana ufiada,’’ “ pega-
palo” (Porto Rico); “ufia de gato” (Cuba, Porto Rico); ‘‘bejuco perdiz”’
(Cuba); ‘“‘mano de cachora”’ (Sinaloa); ‘‘bejuco de ufia”’ (El Salvador).
The plant is said to be used locally as a remedy for snake bites and manchineel
(Hippomane mancinella) poisoning. It is reported also to have been employed
as a febrifuge and for intestinal inflammation.
2. CYDISTA Miers, Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. 3: 191. 1863.
Scandent shrubs; leaves bifoliolate and often tendril-bearing, entire; flowers
large, in chiefly terminal, few-flowered, lax racemes or panicles; calyx campanu-
late, truncate or 5-denticulate; corolla funnelform-campanulate; fruit capsular,
linear, obcompressed, smooth; seeds compressed, broadly winged.
Corolla core ein: feng! 92) ae Oe eee aoe 1. C. aequinoctialis.
Coroll arson wemi ay Ori gee eet. EE eae a eee ee 2. C. diversifolia.
1. Cydista aequinoctialis (L.) Miers, Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. 3: 191. 1863.
Bignonia aequinoctialis L. Sp. Pl. 623. 1753.
Arrabidaea potosina Schum. & Loes. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 618. 1895.
Cydista potosina Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 209. 1919.
Petastoma langlasseanum Krinzlein, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 56. 1921.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatdn, Tabasco, and Chiapas. West
Indies; Central and South America.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1315
Large vine; leaflets oblong to broadly ovate, 5 to 16 cm. long, acute or acumi-
nate, usually obtuse or rounded at base, coriaceous, often very lustrous and with
prominent reticulate venation, glabrous or sometimes sparsely hirtellous beneath;
calyx 6 to 8 mm. long; corolla pink or pale purple, lepidote outside; fruit 25 to
40 cm. long or larger, 1.5 to 2 em. wide, often with a dorsal ridge on each sidé.
“Cebollin’’ (Michoaedn, Guerrero); “‘chacanicab”’ (Yucatan, Maya); ‘“‘bejuco
tres-lomos”’ (Tabasco); ‘‘bejuco blanco,” “liana de la sierra’? (Porto Rico);
“cuamecate blanco”? (Nayarit); ‘‘cuero de vaca” (Sinaloa); ‘‘ajillo,”’ “‘bejuco
de ajo,” ‘“‘bejuco perdedor” (El Salvador).
The material referred here is variable and perhaps susceptible of division into
two or more species. When crushed, the vine exhales a strong odor of garlic.
2. Cydista diversifolia (H. B. K.) Miers, Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. 3: 192. 1863.
Bignoniatdiversifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 133. 1818.
Michoacan to Chiapas and Yucatdn; type from Campeche.
Slender vine; leaflets broadly ovate to oblong-elliptic, 4 to 9 em. long, acumi-
nate, obtuse to cordate at base, glabrous; calyx 4 to 5mm. long; corolla purple,
finely lepidote. ‘‘Chacxnetoloc,” ‘‘xcolak’’ (Yucatan, Maya).
3. AMPHILOPHIUM Kunth, Journ. de Phys. 87: 451. 1818.
Scandent shrubs; leaves opposite, 3-foliolate or the terminal leaflet absent or
replaced by a tendril, the leaflets entire; flowers large, purple, in a terminal
panicle; calyxZcampanulate, the limb ampliate, sinuate, bearing 2 or 3 lobelike
appendages within ;‘corolla tube cylindric, the limb longer than the tube, bilabiate,
the posteriorflip shallowly bilobate, the anterior one 3-lobate; stamens 4; capsule
oblong-elliptic, thick, compressed, smooth or nearly so; seeds broadly winged.
Leaflets finely stellate-pubescent beneath_.______.___------------ 1. A. molle.
Leaflets merely lepidote beneath, or often barbate along the costa.
2. A. paniculatum.,
1. Amphilophium molle Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 120. 1830.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz; reported from Hidalgo. Central America.
Leaves long-petiolate, the leaflets long-petiolulate, broadly ovate or rounded-
ovate, 6 to 10 em. long, short-acuminate, usually cordate at base, stellate-
pubescent or glabrate above; calyx about 1 cm. long; corolla 3 to 4 em. long.
‘‘Cuchara de pico,” ‘pico de pato,” “cuchara de pato,” ‘‘cucharillo”’ (El Sal-
vador).
Doubtfully distinet from A. paniculatum.
2. Amphilophium paniculatum (L.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 149. 1818.
Bignonia paniculata L. Sp. Pl. 623. 1753.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; reported from Tabasco. Porto Rico and the Lesser
Antilles; Guatemala to Peru and the Guianas.
Leaflets rounded-ovate, 4.5 to 10 em. long, abruptly short-acuminate, cordate
at base, minutely lepidote on both surfaces; corolla 3 to 4 cm. long; fruit 8 to 10
em. long, 4 em. wide, obtuse or acute at apex. ‘Pico de pato”’ (Tabasco,
Rovirosa; Nicaragua); ‘liana de cuello”’ (Porto Rico).
4, PITHECOCTENIUM Mart.; DC. Prodr. 9: 193. 1845.
1. Pithecoctenium echinatum (Jacq.) Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
43b: 218. 1894.
Bignonia echinata Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 25. 1760.
Pithecoctenium muricatum Moc.; DC. Prodr. 9: 194. 1845.
Pithecoctenium hexagonum DC. Prodr. 9: 195. 1845.
Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, Yucatdn, and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Peru and
Brazil; type from Cartagena, Colombia.
1316 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Large scandent shrub, the branches angulate; leaves opposite, long-petiolate,
3 or 2-foliolate, the terminal leaflet often replaced by a trifid tendril; leaflets
ovate or rounded-ovate, 6 to 10 cm. long, usually short-acuminate, truncate or
cordate at base, entire, finely lepidote and often pubescent; flowers white, turn-
ing yellow in age, in terminal racemes or panicles; calyx campanulate, sub-
truncate; corolla campanulate-funnelform, 4.5 to 5 em. long, curved, tomentulose
outside; fruit oblong or elliptic, 15 to 20 em. long, 4.5 to 6.5 em. wide, somewhat
compressed, the valves hard and woody, densely covered with large sharp tuber-
cles; seeds broadly winged, 6 to 8 cm. broad. ‘‘Giiico”’ (Sinaloa); ‘‘xnetoloc”’
(Yucatin, Maya); ‘‘mariposa”’ (San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca; seeds); ‘‘palomitas”’
(seeds; San Luis Potosi, Oaxaca); ‘‘lengua de vaca”’ (Tamaulipas, Guatemala) ;
“bejuco de huico” (Sinaloa, Oaxaca); ‘“‘corneta’”’ (Oaxaca); “‘hiedra bocina”’
(Herrera); ‘‘clarin’’ (Oaxaca); ‘‘petaquillas’? (seeds; Morelos, Guatemala);
“cucharilla’’ (Costa Rica); ‘‘hoja de cucharilla’”’ (Guatemala); ‘“‘peine de mico”’
(Nicaragua, Costa Rica); ‘‘tonalxochitl”’ (Nahuatl, Reko); ‘pico de pato,’’
“bateita’’? (El Salvador).
The large seeds are light and float through the air, hence the names “ mari-
posas”’ (‘‘butterflies’) and “palomitas” (“‘little doves’’) applied to them.
They are widely used in Mexico as a remedy for headache, being moistened and
stuck upon the forehead. The hard portion of the seed is ground, mixed with
tallow, and applied to the temples as a remedy for sore eyes (in Tamaulipas,
according to Palmer). A decoction of the flowers is said to have been used by
the Aztecs as a remedy for fevers. The curious rough fruits are used as back
seratchers and pin-cushions.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
PITHECOCTENIUM TRIBRACHIATUM Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 186:
209. 1919. Type from Zacuapan, Veracruz.
5. PHAEDRANTHUS Miers, Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. 3: 182. 1863.
A single species is known.
1. Phaedranthus buccinatorius (DC.) Miers, Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. 3: 182.
1863.
Pithecoctenium buccinatorium DC. Prodr. 9: 195. 1845.
Bignonia buccinatoria Mariet; DC. Prodr. 9: 195, as synonym. 1845.
Bignonia ghiesbreghtit Heller, Linnaea 30: 45. 1859.
Phaedranthus lindleyanus Miers, Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. 3: 182. 1863.
Phaedranthus exsertus Miers, Proc. Hort. Soe. Lond. 3: 182. 1863.
Phaedranthus cinerascens Miers, Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. 3: 182. 1863.
Jalisco and San Luis Potosi to Puebla.
Large vine; leaflets 2, the third one usually represented by a tendril, oblong to
oval or ovate-elliptic, 5 to 9 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, rounded or sub-
cordate at base, entire, lepidote beneath, coriaceous; flowers purple-red, in few-
flowered terminal panicles; calyx campanulate, 1 to 1.5 em. long, obscurely 5-
dentate, densely tomentose; corolla coriaceous, tubular-funnelform, 9 to 11 cm.
long, tomentulose outside, the lobes short, rounded. ‘‘Trompetilla grande”
(Querétaro) ; ‘‘clarin,” ‘“‘hiedra bocina’’ (Ramirez).
The plant is often cultivated in Mexico.
6. DISTICTIS Bureau, Monogr. Bignon. 46. 1864.
Scandent shrubs; leaves opposite, 2 or 3-foliolate, the terminal leaflet often
represented by a tendril, the leaflets entire; flowers large and showy, purple or
pink, in terminal racemes or panicales; calyx campanulate, truncate or 5-dentic-
ulate; corolla funnelform-campanulate; capsule oblong or elliptic, smooth, obcom-
pressed; seeds broadly winged.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1317
Pubescencerpr sim pleWairs<-4 2 Seno fet eee ee pew oy 8: 1. D. laxiflora.
Pubescencezot stellate hairs. 2 2. 225-282 eS k o e 2. D. rovirosana.
1. Distictis laxiflora (DC.) Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 38: 486. 1898.
Pithecoctenium laxiflorum DC. Prodr. 9: 195. 1845.
Pithecoctenium cinereum DC. Prodr. 9: 195. 1845.
Distictis cinerea Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 38: 487. 1898.
Jalisco and Guanajuato to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca.
Woody vine; leaves bifoliolate, the leaflets broadly ovate to oblong-elliptic, 3
to 6 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, rounded at base, entire, lepidote, pubes-
cent; flowers purple, in few-flowered terminal racemes or panicles; calyx tomen-
tulose; corolla 5.5 to 8.5 em. long, densely tomentulose outside; capsule oblong-
elliptic, 7 to 9 em. long, 4 em. long, nearly smooth, with a dorsal ridge on each
valve, glabrous; seeds broadly winged. ‘“‘Jeroliz morado”’ (Querétaro) ; ‘‘manto
de la Virgen.”
This plant is often cultivated in Mexico.
2. Distictis rovirosana Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 20: 7. 1895.
Tabasco, the type from Atasta. Guatemala to Nicaragua.
Leflets oblong-obovate to oval, 10 to 15 em. long, caudate-acuminate, usually
retuse, stellate-pubescent when young; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, velutinous; corolla
pink, about 5 cm. long; capsule oblong, 9.5 cm. long, 3.5em. wide. ‘Pie de gallo”
(Tabasco).
Not seen by the writer.
7. ADENOCALYMNA Mart.; DC. Prodr. 9: 199. 1845.
Scandent shrubs; leaves normally bifoliolate, with a terminal tendril, but often
trifoliolate, the leaflets entire; flowers large, pink or purple, in chiefly terminal
racemes or panicles; calyx campanulate, truncate or 5-dentate, glandular within,
pubescent; corolla elongate-funnelform; capsule oblong or broadly linear, com-
pressed parallel with the septum or subterete, usually tuberculate-rugose; seeds
usually broadly winged.
Calyx not conspicuously nerved; corolla 5 to 6 em. long__1. A. alboviolaceum.
Calyx conspicuously nerved, the nerves tortuous, excurrent in the small calyx
teeth; corolla 3 to 5 cm. long.
Corollia-cutororo cm longa l oat. Gees yal ean _ eine ee ey 2. A. seleri.
Corgila forte orci long see) NMS Saeed Pie ee eee 8. A. fissum.
1. Adenocalymna alboviolaceum Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 56:
100. 1923.
Oaxaca and Veracruz; type from Tehuantepec, Veracruz.
Leaflets ovate, obtuse or acutish, rounded or subcordate at base, 3 to 5 em. long
or larger, puberulent or glabrate beneath; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, puberulent;
corolla purplish, glabrous. ‘‘ Loobaa-beete”’ (Oaxaca).
2. Adenocalymna seleri Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 56: 101. 1923.
Type collected between Ticul and Tabi, Yucatan.
Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, villosulous and glandular-punctate beneath; calyx 6
to 8 mm. long, sparsely villosulous, the teeth scarcely 1 mm. long; corolla puberu-
lent. ‘‘Oppol che.”’
8. Adenocalymna fissum Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 56: 102. 1925.
Type from Xkombec, Yucatan.
Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse at base, about 6.5 cm. long, puberu-
lent on the nerves; infloresence puberulent; calyx 8 mm. long, villosulous; cor-
olla sparsely puberulent, cleft on one side.
1318 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
8. ARRABIDAEA DC. Bibl. Univ. Genave 17: 126. 1838.
Scandent shrubs; leaves opposite, 2 or 3-foliolate, the leaflets entire, the ter-
minal one often replaced by a tendril; flowers large or small, in chiefly terminal
panicles; calyx campanulate, truncate or 5-denticulate; corolla funnelform-cam-
panulate; fruit a linear capsule, obcompressed.
Cormac boca mem“ IONE ee Oe Ok ee eee 1. A. floribunda.
Corolla 3.5 to 4.5 em. long.
arcs thinly Villos@ous Oluelde.—--. 2.) U2 2 te ee 2. A. litoralis.
Corolla densely and closely tomentellous___________-______~- 3. A. seleriana.
1. Arrabidaea floribunda (H. B. K.) Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16:
209. 1919.
Bignonia floribunda H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 134. 1818.
Bignonia andrieuxii DC. Prodr. 9: 156. 1845.
?Arrabidaea pseudochica Kranzlein, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 19. 1921.
Oaxaca, Campeche (type locality), and Yucatan.
Leaflets 2, ovate to ovate-oblong, 9 cm. long or less, obtusely acuminate or
obtuse, rounded or obtuse at base, glabrous, lustrous, the upper leaves, at least,
purple when dried; panicles large and many-flowered; calyx 3 mm. long, trun-
cate, purple-tomentulose; corolla purple, puberulent. ‘‘Xbaque ak”’ (Yucatan, .
Maya).
2. Arrabidaea litoralis (H. B. K.) Standl.
Bignonia litoralis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 139. 1818.
Guerrero; type from Acapulco.
Large vine; leaflets 2 or 3, broadly ovate to elliptic, 13 em. long or less, acumi-
nate, rounded at base, pubescent or glabrate beneath; panicles large and many-
flowered; calyx 3 to 4 mm. long, puberulent; corolla purple; fruit 20 to 35 cm.
long, 10 to 13 mm. wide, glabrous. ‘‘Bejuco vaquero.”
Palmer reports that the stems are used for clotheslines.
3. Arrabidaea seleriana Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 56: 99. 1923.
Type from Tequisistlin, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Leaves not known; flowers ‘‘pale red,” 3 to scarcely 4 em. long; calyx 3 to 6
mm. long, very shortly puberulent, obscurely 5-dentate.
9. PETASTOMA Miers, Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. 3: 194. 1863.
1. Petastoma patelliferum (Schlecht.) Miers, Proc. Hort. Soc. Lond. 3: 195.
1863.
Bignonia patellifera Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 516. 18338.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Central America to Brazil.
Large woody vine; leaves opposite, bifoliolate, often ending in a tendril but the
tendril more commonly absent; leaflets elliptic or broadly ovate, 5 to 13 cm.
long, short-acuminate, rounded at base, densely pubescent or glabrate, entire;
flowers purple, in large terminal leafy panicles; calyx broadly campanulate or
saucer-shaped, truncate, glabrous or nearly so; corolla funnelform-campanulate,
pale purple, 3.5 to 4 em. long, glabrous outside except on the lobes; capsule
obcompressed, linear, 20 to 30 cm. long, 10 to 13 mm. wide, smooth, glabrous;
seeds winged, 15 to 17 mm. wide. ‘‘Bejuco de corral” (El Salvador).
10. TECOMA Juss. Gen. PI. 139. 1789.
1. Tecoma stans (L.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 144. 1818.
Bignonia stans L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 871. 17638.
Tecoma mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 144. 1818.
Tecoma stans velutina DC. Prodr. 9: 224. 1845.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1319
Stenolobium stans Seem. Journ. Bot. 1: 88. 1863.
Stenolobium incisum Rose & Stand]. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 174. 1913.
Stenolobium tronadora Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 210. 1919.
Stenolobium quinqueyugum Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 211. 1919.
Nearly throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical
America.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 8 meters high; leaves opposite, pinnate, the leaflets
5 to 138, linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, acute or acuminate,
serrate or rarely entire, glabrous beneath or often pubescent or tomentose;
flowers bright yellow, in terminal racemes or panicles; calyx tubular-campanu-
late, 5-dentate; corolla 3.5 to 5 em. long, funnelform-campanulate, the limb
somewhat bilabiate, 5-lobate; stamens 4; capsule linear, 10 to 20 em. long,
about 6 mm. broad, loculicidally dehiscent, compressed; seeds winged. “Re-
tamo”’ or ‘‘retama”’ (Michoacan, Guerrero, Jalisco, Mexico, Durango); ‘‘trona-
dor” or ‘‘tronadora”’ (Zacatecas, Guanajuato, Mexico, Hidalgo); ‘‘trompetilla”
(Hidalgo); “trompeta”’ (Durango); “gloria” (Sinaloa); “kanlo,”’ ‘‘xkanlol’”’
(Yucatan, Maya); ‘“guie-bichi”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); ‘‘tulastichil’’ (Oaxaca) ;
‘“nalo de arco” (Chihuahua, Sonora, Oaxaca); “flor de San Pedro,” “‘San Pedro”
(Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Durango, Coahuila, Mexico); ‘‘corneta
‘famarilla”’ (Durango); ‘‘nixtamaxochitl’’? or ‘‘nextamalxochitl’” (Nahuatl);
“borla de San Pedro” (Chiapas, San Luis Potosf, Mexico); “hierba de San
Nicolas,” ‘“‘hierba de San Pedro” (Flores); ‘‘flor amarilla” (Yucatéan, Nica-
ragua); ‘‘mifiona’”’ (Nuevo Leén); ‘‘mazorea,” ‘‘huachacata,” ‘“‘ichculili”
(Ramirez); ‘‘sauco amarillo”? (Cuba, Porto Rico); ‘‘roble amarillo,” ‘‘ruibarba”’
(Porto Rico); ‘‘copete”’ (Panama); ‘‘sardinillo” (Nicaragua); ‘‘fresno,” “chirlo-
birlos,”’ ‘palo hueso”’ (Colombia); ‘‘tache,” “‘tasto”’ (El Salvador) ; ‘“‘candelillo’’
(Costa Rica); ‘‘garrocha’”’ (Argentina, Uruguay); ‘‘garanguay amarillo,”
“ ruaran-guaran”’ (Argentina); “San Andrés,” ““marchucha,”’ ‘‘tagualaishte”’ (El
Salvador).
The shrub is sometimes known as ‘‘trumpet-flower”’ or ‘‘yellow elder.” It is
a showy plant and is common in cultivation. The flowers are slightly fragrant
and are said to yield much honey. The wood is of little value but it was formerly
used by the Indians for making bows. The roots are reported to be a powerful
diuretic, and tonic, antisyphilitic, and vermifuge properties are ascribed to the
plant. In Veracruz a decoction of the flowers and bark is administered for pains
in the stomach, and in some parts of Mexico the plant has the reputation of
alleviating and even curing diabetes. At Guadalajara the roots are said to be
used for making a kind of beer.
The species is a variable one, but although the writer has spent a large amount
of time in study of the extensive series of specimens available, it has been impos-
sible to find any reliable characters by which to assign the material to two or more
species. In the typical form the leaflets are usually glabrous. T. stans velutina
is a form in which the leafiets are pubescent or tomentose beneath. This has
usually been maintained as a distinct species, but there is every possible gradua-
tion between the forms with glabrous leaflets and those with tomentose ones.
Tecoma stans angustata Rehder ! (Stenolobium incisum Rose & Standl.) is a form
common in northeastern Mexico and the adjacent United States in which the
leaflets are unusually narrow and incised-serrate.
11. GODMANIA Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 35. 1879.
One other species has been described from Brazil.
1. Godmania aesculifolia (H. B. K.) Standl.
Bignonia aesculifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 140. 1818.
1 Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 1915: 227. 1915.
1320 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Tecoma fuscata DC. Prodr. 9: 218. 1845.
Godmania macrocarpa Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 35. 1879.
Guerrero to Chiapas. Central America and Venezuela; type collected near
the city of Panama.
Tree, 4.5 to 8 meters high; leaves opposite, long-petiolate, digitately 5 to
9-foliolate, the leaflets obovate or oblanceolate-oblong, 6 to 17 cm. long, usually
acuminate, acute at base, petiolulate, entire, pubescent or glabrate beneath;
flowers in dense axillary corymbs; calyx broadly campanulate, 5-dentate; corolla
yellow, with brownish lines, about 1 cm. long, campanulate, puberulent outside;
stamens 4; capsule slender-cylindric, sometimes 90 em. long, costate; seeds broadly
winged. ‘‘Roble”’ (Oaxaca); ‘‘cacho de toro’’ (Chiapas); ‘‘corteza de chivo”
(Costa Rica), ‘cortez blanco”’ (El Salvador).
12. TABEBUIA Gomes, Obs. Bot. 2: 7. 1803.
Trees; leaves opposite, long-petiolate, digitately 5 or 7-foliolate, the leaflets
entire or toothed; flowers large, in terminal cymes or panicles; calyx tubular or
campanulate, closed in bud, variously cleft or toothed in anthesis; corolla tube
ampliate, the limb somewhat bilabiate; stamens 4; capsule slender-cylindric,
subterete; seeds broadly winged.
The trees of this genus are very showy when in flower. They usually blossom
when leafless. The name “guayacdn”’ is said to be employed in Mexico for one
or more of the species.
Calyx lepidote, 1.5 cm. long or larger; flowers purple or pink__1. T. pentaphylla.
Calyx densely pubescent or tomentose, at least at first, 1 em. long or less or, if
larger, the flowers yellow.
Flowers (yellow) in large pyramidal panicles________-_ 2. T. donnell-smithii.
Flowers in small, dense, usually headlike clusters.
Calyx covered with a fine close whitish tomentum; corolla pink or purple.
3. T. palmeri.
Calyx covered with long, short-barbate, fulvous or brown hairs; corolla
RVC yy, es ae Nets Rae ee or re oe ee 4. T. chrysantha.
1. Tabebuia pentaphylla (L.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 495. 1882.
Bignonia leucoxylon L. Sp. Pl. 624. 1753. Not Tabebuia leucoxyla DC. 1845.
Bignonia pentaphylla L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 870. 1763.
Tecoma pentaphylla Juss. Gen. Pl. 139. 1789.
Tecoma leucoxylon Mart.; DC. Prodr. 9: 219. 1845.
Tamaulipas to Sinaloa, Oaxaca, and Veracruz. West Indies; Central America
to Venezuela.
Shrub or tree, 2 to 20 meters high; leaflets 5, long-petiolulate, elliptic-oblong
to elliptic or oblong-ovate, 20 cm. long or less, acute or acuminate, rounded to
acute at base, entire, finely lepidote; flowers in short lax few-flowered corymbs;
corolla 7 to 10 em. long; fruit 20 to 35 em. long or larger, about 12 mm. thick.
*Maculiz,”’ ‘““maculiz prieto”’ (Tabasco); ‘‘palo yugo’”’ (Michoacdn, Guerrero) ;
“roble”’ (San Luis Potosf, Guerrero); ‘“‘roble blanco”’ (Oaxaca, San Luis Potosi,
Cuba, Costa Rica, Porto Rico); ‘‘palo de rosa’”’ (Tamaulipas, Oaxaca); ‘‘ma-
quile”’ (Ramirez); ““macuil” (Oaxaca); “‘amapola”’ (Sinaloa); ‘‘roble colorado”
(El Salvador); ‘‘mano de leén”’ (Honduras); ‘‘maculizo”’ (Guatemala, Hondu-
ras); ‘“‘roble de yugo,” “palo blanco,” ‘‘lefio blanco” (Cuba); ‘‘amapa rosa”’
(Nayarit); “‘rosa morada’’ (Colima); ‘‘maquiligua,” ‘‘maquilisguat”’ (El
Salvador).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO £32k
This is an important timber tree in some parts of Mexico and Central America,
and furnishes wood of excellent quality for house building, cabinet work, wagons,
oars, and other purposes. In Europe the wood has been employed as a substitute
for boxwood in engraving. In Cuba the plant is considered an antidote for
poisoning by manchineel (Hippomane mancinella), and it has been used in some
regions (the decoction, taken internally) as a remedy for snake bites. The
powdered bark and leaves were formerly used in the Antilles as a febrifuge.
When in flower, Tabebuia pentaphylla is one of the most showy and most beau-
tiful of American trees and an extensive stand of them is a sight long to be remem-
bered. The blossoms exhibit great variation in color, ranging from nearly white
to deep purple-pink. The color effect produced is strikingly like that seen in
Japanese cherries.
Specimens from Central America identified as Couralia rosea (Bertol.) Donn.
Smith do not appear to differ from Tabebuia pentaphylla.
2. Tabebuia donnell-smithii Rose, Bot. Gaz. 17: 418. pl. 26. 1892.
Colima. Guatemala and El Salvador; type from Cuyuta, Guatemala.
Tree, 15 to 25 meters high, the trunk often 1.2 meters in diameter; leaflets
5 or 7, long-petiolulate, oblong-elliptic, 25 ecm. long or less, acuminate, rounded
or subcordate at base, entire or sinuate-serrate, glabrate; panicles about 20 cm.
long; calyx about 1.5 cm. long; corolla 4.5 to 5 cm. long; fruit 20 to 30 cm. long,
2.5 cm. wide, longitudinally ridged and irregularly tuberculate. ‘‘ Primavera”’
(Colima); ‘‘cortez,” “‘cortez blanco”’ (El Salvador).
The wood is exported from Mexico for veneering and cabinet work, and is
reported to be known in trade as ‘‘white mahogany.”
3. Tabebuia palmeri Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 109. pl. 11. 1891.
Sonora to Guerrero; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Tree, 5 to 20 meters high; leaflets 5, long-petiolulate, elliptic-oblong to ovate-
elliptic, 14 em. long or less, acuminate, rounded at base, entire, densely pubescent
or glabrate; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long; corolla 6.5 to 8 em. long; fruit about 35 cm.
long and 1.5 cm. thick, smooth. ‘‘Amapa’’ (Sonora, Sinaloa); ‘‘roble’’ (Guer-
Tero); ‘“‘amapa prieta,”’ ‘‘amapa rosa” (Sinaloa).
The wood is said to be brown, with red lines, and very handsome, heavy,
rather hard, resistant, taking a good polish, and durable when exposed to mois-
ture. It is much used locally for building purposes and for cabinet work. A
violet ink is said to be made from it.
4. Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nicholson, Dict. Gard. 4: 1. 1887.
Bignonia chrysantha Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schoenbr. 2: 45. pl. 211. 1797.
?Tecoma mexicana Mart.; DC. Prodr. 9: 218. 1845.
Tecoma chrysantha DC. Prodr. 9: 221. 1845.
?Tabebuia mexicana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 495. 1882.
Tecoma palmeri Kranzlein, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 220. 1921.
Sonora to Chiapas. Central America to Venezuela; type from Caracas,
Venezuela.
Small or large tree with scaly bark; leaflets 5, broadly obovate to elliptic-
oblong, 18 em. long or less, abruptly acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base,
entire, stellate-pubescent or glabrate; calyx about 1 cm. long; corolla 5 to 6.5
em. long; fruit 20 to 30 cm. long or larger, 12 to 15 mm. thick, smooth or tuber-
culate, stellate-tomentose or glabrate. ‘‘Verdecillo’”’ (Michoacdin, Guerrero) ;
“amapa,” ‘‘amapa prieta’” (Sinaloa); ‘“‘roble’’ (Guerrero); “ guayacdn,”
“eorteza amarilla’’ (Costa Rica); ‘‘cortez,’’ ‘“‘cortez amarillo,’ ‘cortez coyote,”’
“cortez negro”’ (El Salvador).
The flowers are sweet-scented. The wood is blackish and very hard.
1322 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
13. ASTIANTHUS Don, Edinburgh Phil. Journ. 9: 262. 1823.
The genus consists of a single species. z
1. Astianthus viminalis (H. B. K.) Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 44. 1888.
Bignonia viminalis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 132. 1819.
Astianthus longifolius Don, Edinburgh Phil. Journ. 9: 262. 1823.
Tecoma viminalis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 497. 1882.
Colima to Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz; type collected between Mexcala and
Estola, Guerrero. Guatemala.
Tree, sometimes 15 meters high, glabrous; bark gray or whitish, fissured;
leaves mostly ternate, linear, 20 to 30 cm. long, attenuate to each end, entire;
flowers yellow, in loose panicled cymes; calyx campanulate, 1 cm. long, 5-dentate;
corolla funnelform, 5.5 to 6 cm. long, the lobes erose-dentate and somewhat
crispate; fruit linear, 8 to 12 cm. long, 8 mm. broad, compressed, smooth or
nearly so; seeds small, with broad thin white wings. ‘Ahuejote’”’ (Oaxaca, etc.);
“palo de agua,” “‘flor de agua,” “‘axochitl’”’ (Oaxaca).
The tree usually grows along streams.
14. CHILOPSIS Don, Edinburgh Phil. Journ. 9: 261. 1823.
A single species is known.
1. Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 283. 1827.
Bignonia linearis Cav. Icon. Pl. 8: 35.%pl. 269. 1794.
Chilopsis saligna Don, Edinburgh Phil. Journ. 9: 261. 1823.
Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas, Zacatecas, and Durango. Western
Texas to southern California.
Slender shrub or tree, sometimes 9 meters high, with a trunk 30 em. in di-
ameter, the trunk short, the bark thin, irregularly ridged, scaly; leaves opposite
and alternate, linear, 10 to 30 em. long, attenuate to each end, entire, pubescent
or glabrous; flowers purplish or white, in terminal racemes or narrow panicles;
calyx bilabiate, 5-dentate; corolla 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, somewhat bilabiate, 5-
lobate; stamens 4; fruit linear, 10 to 30 cm. long, about 6 mm. thick, subterete,
smooth; seeds long-hairy; wood soft, weak, close-grained, dark brown, its
specific gravity about 0.59. ‘‘Mimbre”’ (Zacatecas, Chihuahua, Nuevo Leén,
Durango).
The tree grows most commonly along arroyos. It is often planted because of
its showy sweet-scented flowers. In the United States it is known as ‘desert
willow” or “flowering willow,” the leaves bearing a strong resemblance to those
of some species of willow (Salix). The wood is sometimes used for fence posts
and the tough slender branches for making baskets. A decoction of the flowers
is employed locally for coughs and as a stimulant in cardiac diseases, and the
dried flowers are often sold in the markets for these purposes.
15. AMPHITECNA Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 163. 1868.
1. Amphitecna macrophylla (Seem.) Miers; Baill. Rev. Hort. 1882: 465.
1882.
Crescentia macrophylla Seem. Kew Journ. Bot. 6: 274. 1854.
Veracruz and Tabasco; type from Teapa, Tabasco. Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, glabrous; leaves alternate, borne at the ends of the
branches, oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate, 40 to 75 cm. long, acute or acumi-
nate, long-attenuate to the base, sessile or nearly so, entire; flowers long-pedi-
cellate, fasciculate on old wood; calyx closed in bud, splitting in anthesis; corolla
funnelform-campanulate, greenish, about 5 em. long; fruit baccate, oval or el-
lipsoid, 5 em. or more in diameter. ‘‘Huiro de montafia” (Tabasco, Rovirosa).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1323
16. PARMENTIERA DC. Prodr. 9: 244. 1845.
Trees, usually armed with spines; leaves alternate or subopposite, mostly
trifoliolate; flowers large, greenish, pedicellate, solitary or fasciculate on old
wood; calyx closed in bud, in anthesis cleft along one side and spathelike; corolla
tube dilated and campanulate, curved, the limb somewhat bilabiate, 5-lobate;
stamens 4; ovary 2-celled; fruit elongate, terete, indehiscent, with fleshy peri-
carp, smooth or costate; seeds small, numerous, not winged.
One other species is known, P. cereifera Seem., the candle-tree of Panama.
Fruit short and thick, costate; leaflets mostly acute and entire.____ 1. P. edulis.
Fruit long and slender, smooth or nearly so; leaflets usually very obtuse and
Gruem tootheds Ssh aME SA Ihe een iris Waclol Seek. 2. P. aculeata.
1. Parmentiera edulis DC. Prodr. 9: 244. 1845.
?Crescentia edulis Desv. Journ. de Bot. Desv. 4: 113. 1814.
?Parmentiera foliolosa Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 166. 1870.
?Parmentiera lanceolata Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 167. 1870.
Sinaioa to Tamaulipas, Campeche, and Oaxaca; type from Yautepec, Morelos.
Guatemala and El Salvador.
Tree, 4.5 to 9 meters high, the branches armed with short stout incurved
spines; leaves glabrous, long-petiolate, the petiole naked or narrowly winged,
the leaflets elliptic, ovate, or obovate, 3 to 8.5 cm. long, acute or abruptly attenu-
ate at base; corolla about 7 cm. long; fruit 10 to 16 em. long and 2 em. thick or
larger. ‘Chote’ (Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi); ‘‘cuajilote,” ‘huajilote,”
“cuachilote,” “‘guajilote” (Oaxaca, Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Jalisco, Morelos,
Campeche, Sinaloa, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala; from the Nahuatl
cuau-xilotl) ; ‘‘gueto-xiga’”’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko).
The tree is often cultivated for its shade and fruit. The fruit is sweet and
edible, and is eaten either raw or cooked. It is sometimes made into pickles or
preserves and also roasted in ashes. Stock of all kinds are fond of it. It is
considered a good remedy for colds; the roots are used as a diuretic, especially
in the treatment of dropsy, and the juice of the leaves was formerly, at least,
dropped into the ears as a cure for deafness. The flowers are greenish white or
greenish yellow, and the fruit green tinged with yellow.
The name Crescentia edulis Desv. has no connection with Parmentiera edulis
DC., and it is not certain that Desvaux’s name relates to the present plant. He
describes the leaves as simple, but his description of the fruit points to Parmen-
tiera edulis.
2. Parmentiera aculeata (H. B. K.) Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 183. 1854.
Crescentia aculeata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 158. 1818.
Colima, Campeche, and Yucatén; type from Campeche.
Shrub or tree, 3.5 to 7.5 meters high, the branches armed with stout spines;
leaves long-petiolate, the petioles not winged, the leaflets suborbicular to obovate,
1 to 3 em. long, abruptly decurrent at base, puberulent or glabrous; calyx 2 em.
long; fruit 18 to 25 cm. long, about 1 cm. thick. ‘ Xkat-cunc,” “kaat,” ‘‘pepina”’
(Yucatdn).
The flowers are said to be green. This species has been reported from Yucatdn
as P. cereifera Seem.
17. CRESCENTIA L. Sp. Pl. 626. 17538.
Unarmed trees; leaves alternate or fasciculate, simple or trifoliolate (rarely
5-foliolate); flowers large, yellowish, solitary or fasciculate along the trunk and
larger branches; calyx closed in bud, in anthesis campanulate and irregularly
cleft; corolla tube campanulate, the limb oblique, 5-lobate; stamens 4; fruit large,
oval or globose, indehiscent, the pericarp hard and shell-like; seeds numerous,
exalate, imbedded in pulp.
1324 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves simples 22252. .208 222 “USE vhs Bees BSE ER ee 1. C. cujete.
eavesttrifoliolate:s: so. wanee ei eee tt ee ee Ree ae 2. C. alata.
1. Crescentia cujete L. Sp. Pl. 626. 1753.
Guerrero to Chiapas, Yucatan, Veracruz, and Tamaulipas. Southern Florida,
West Indies, and Central and South America; cultivated in the Old World
tropics.
Tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk 20 cm. in diameter, the branches
long and often drooping, the bark thin, close, gray; leaves persistent, oblanceo-
late to spatulate, 5 to 16 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, attenuate to base,
entire, glabrous or puberulent beneath; corolla yellowish marked with purple,
5 to 8 em. long, the lobes usually crispate; fruits commonly oval, 15 to 30 cm.
long; wood soft, close-grained, flexible. ‘“‘Giiro,” “huas” “lunch” (Yucatdn);
‘‘jicaro”’ or ‘‘jicara’”’ (the former the tree, the latter the fruit; Tabasco, Oaxaca,
Guerrero, Yucatin, El Salvador, Nicaragua); ‘‘cujete” (Yucatdn);“‘ ciridn’’
(Guerrero, Palmer); ‘‘tecomate,’’ (Oaxaca); ‘“‘cuautecomate”; ‘‘tecomatl”’;
““4rbol de las calabazas” ‘‘guaje”’ (Herrera); ‘“‘pog’”’ (Oaxaca, Totonac, Ramirez) ;
“morro” (Guatemala); ‘‘calabazo,” “giiiro totumo” (Sessé & Mocino); “giiira
cimarrona”’ (Cuba, El Salvador) ; ‘‘gitira’’ (Cuba); “‘calabacero,” “‘guacal’’ (Costa
Rica) ; ‘‘palo de turtumas,”’ ‘‘calabazo,” ‘“‘calabaza,” ‘palo de calabaza”’ (Pana-
ma); ‘‘morro guacalero” (Guatemala); ‘‘mate”’ (Colombia, Ecuador) ; “‘totumo”’
(Colombia, El Salvador); ‘‘cutuco”’ (El Salvador); ‘‘totuma” (Cuba) ;“ jicaro
de cuchara,” ‘‘jicaro de guacal,”’ “‘huacal”’ (El Salvador).
The calabash tree is a common plant of southern Mexico, noteworthy because
of its large fruits, many of which are borne close to the trunk. The seeds are
sometimes cooked and eaten. The pulp is much used in domestic medicine and
is said to have emollient, expectorant, laxative, and astringent properties. It
is employed chiefly as a healing agent for wounds and as a remedy for disturb-
ances of the respiratory system. The fruit is often eaten by cattle during the
dry season, but it is said that it often produces abortion. Seemann states that
the sap was employed in Panama for dyeing silk black. The wood is of little
value, but is often used for various purposes. The hard shell of the fruit, which
resembles a gourd, has been used in Mexico from ancient times for making
“jicaras” or drinking cups, which are often ornamented by carving and painting.
Vessels thus made are sufficiently substantial for moderate use over fire.
2. Crescentia alata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 158. 1819.
Parmentiera alata Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 166. 1870.
Baja California and Sonora to Chiapas; Morelos and Veracruz (probably culti-
vated); type from Acapulco, Guerrero. Central America; cultivated in Guam
and the Philippines, and probably elsewhere.
Tree, 5 to 14 meters high, with gray bark and long spreading irregular branches;
leaves long-petiolate, the petiole broadly winged and resembling a leaflet, the
leaflets usually 3 but sometimes 5, linear to obovate, 2 to 9 cm. long, obtuse or
rounded at apex, entire, coriaceous, glabrous; corolla about 6 cm. long, greenish
yellow striped with brown; fruit globose or ovoid, 5 to 12 cm. in diameter or often
much larger. ‘‘Ciridn’’ (Michoacan, Guerrero) ; ‘“‘tecomate’’ (Sinaloa); ‘‘ morro”’
(Chiapas, Guatemala); “‘ayal” or ‘“‘ayale’”’ (Sonora, Sinaloa); “‘cuautecomate”’
(Michoacan); ‘“‘huajericidn,” ‘‘tecomatl,’’ ‘“cuautecomatl” (Ramirez); ‘“ cuaste-
comatl” ‘‘gitiro,”’ “‘guaje ciridn’ (Nueva Farm. Mez.); “huiro” (Ramirez);
“cuiro”’; ‘‘jayacaste” (Sinaloa); ‘‘raspa-guacal”’ (Costa Rica); ‘‘hoja cruz”
(Philippines) ; ‘‘jfieara’’ (Guam); ‘‘morrito,” ‘‘cutuco,” “cuchara”’ (El Salvador).
The wood is used locally for making wagons and other articles. The flowers
have a strong unpleasant odor. The fruit is employed in domestic medicine Jike
that of C. cujeie, and the roots also are used medicinally. The pulp is sweet, since
it contains much sugar, and is said to be fermented sometimes to obtain alcohol-
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1325
A decoction of the leaves is reported to be used for promoting the growth of the
hair. In Nicaragua a cooling drink is made from the seeds. The shells of the
fruits are much used for making cups, as in the case of Crescentia cujete.
The earliest account of this species and of C. cujete is that given by Oviedo (Lib.
VIII, Cap. IV), part of which is translated below. The leaves which resemble a
cross are, of course, those of C. alata, in which the resemblance is very striking,
“The Higiiero is a large tree like the mulberry trees of Castile. It is a kind of
calabash, round or somewhat elongate; and the round ones are very round, of
which the Indians make cups or other vessels, for drinking. _The wood is strong
and good for chairs and other purposes. It is flexible and strong, and when
worked resembles in grain pomegranate or hawthorn. The leaf of this tree is
long and narrow, and the widest part is at the tip, from which it narrows to the
base where it is attached, as I sketch it here. In times of scarcity the Indians
eat this fruit. I refer to the interior—which is like a green calabash. When
dried and the interior removed, to make a vessel of the higtiera, the vessel has a
luster like a gourd, and indeed it is a gourd of the sort I have described. These
fruits or calabashes are so large that the larger ones are like a water-jar that
holds a gallon of water, and some are no larger than a closed fist; and thus they
make of them vessels of the size that the dimensions permit. These trees are
common in Hispaniola and all the islands of these Indies and in the Spanish
Main. * * * TIwmay state that the leaf of the higtero is long and narrow, and
the widest part is near the tip, from which it narrows to the base where it is
attached, as I said above, and this is seen plainly in plate 3, figure 3. But there
are other higtieros in Tierra-Firme which are different, not in the fruit or in any
other particular I have mentioned, but only in the leaves, as shown in plate 3,
figure 4, each leaf in the form of a cross, as I have drawn it; and this seems to me
a very noteworthy thing, in which appears a testimony of the cross, a thing of
which these people can not have been ignorant. These higtiero trees, which have
the leaves all formed like crosses, I have seen in the Province of Nicaragua,
especially in Negrando, where lies the city of Leén, and in other parts of that
country; and marveling upon the leaves, I gathered some to show in Spain, as
I did show them, and I still have some in my possession. But in Nicaragua,
where as I have said there are many of these trees, they call the tree guacal. The
precious vessels of the higtieros are found in Darién and in the Gulf of Uraba,
with handles of gold, and so handsome that the most powerful king might drink
from them without reproach. And these come through the channels of trade
from the great river of San Juan, which empties into the Gulf of Uraba.”’
DOUBTFUL GENERA.
LUNDIA SCHUMANNIANA Kranzlein, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 120. 1921.
Described from Campeche, but according to the author the locality is doubtful.
151. GESNERIACEAE. Gesneria Family.
Shrubs or usually herbs, often epiphytic or scandent; leaves opposite or ver-
ticillate, simple, entire or toothed; flowers usually showy, axillary or terminal,
solitary, umbellate, or cymose, perfect, commonly irregular; calyx inferior or
adnate to the ovary, the lobes entire or dentate; corolla gamopetalous, the tube
elongate, ventricose, straight or curved, the limb usually bilabiate, 5-lobate;
stamens 4 or 2, some of them frequently sterile, the anthers 2-celled; disk present
at base of ovary; style simple, the stigma capitate or bilamellate; fruit capsular
or rarely fleshy, 1-celled; seeds numerous.
Numerous herbaceous plants of this family, representing several genera, occur
in Mexico.
1326 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Ovary wholly or partly inferior.
Ovary partly inferior; calyx cleft to the ovary______--_----- 1. KOHLERIA.
Ovary wholly inferior; calyx tube developed.
Lobes of the calyx as long as the tube, narrow and acute; corolla tube only
slightly exceeding the calyx; flowers solitary_____ 2. SOLENOPHORA.
Lobes of the calyx much shorter than the tube; corolla tube much exceeding
the calyx; flowers umbellate_____.._.....--.--.-- 3. HIPPODAMIA.
Ovary superior.
Disk ringlike, not separated into glands__-________._--.~--- 4. BESLERIA.
Disk separated into several glands, but only one of them usually well developed.
Bilaments free: or nearly cs0Le 2. S48 te ers eye Pee ee 5. DRYMONIA.
Filaments united below into a tube.
Anthers, free se 6 62 eer Ee A) eed Le 6. ALLOPLECTUS.
Antlers eoherent_# 2 5it 3) sete ntti dh aot eee 7. COLUMNEA.
1. KOHLERIA Regel, Flora 31: 250. 1848.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves opposite or verticillate; flowers
usually red, axillary or in terminal leafy racemes; calyx tube adnate to the ovary,
the limb 5-lobate; corolla tube ventricose, the lobes subequal, short; fruit a
bivalvate capsule.
Flowers in terminal leafy racemes, the leaves of the inflorescence much reduced;
stigma deeply bilobate.
Calyx lobes obtuse, the pubescence brown or red, loose and spreading.
1. K. spicata.
Calyx lobes acute, the pubescence whitish, appressed__-____- 2. K. longifolia.
Flowers in axillary long-pedunculate umbels, or the peduncles rarely 1-flowered,
the leaves of the inflorescence little if at all reduced; stigma only shallowly
lobate.
Leaves glabrous on the upper surface.
Branches appressed=pilage 4. ue souk 40) ell pee ees 3. K. fruticosa.
Brahches elabrousyic3. ortho £2 sey! sli eek ea iines 4. K. viminalis.
Leaves appressed-pilose on the upper surface.
Calyx lobes in anthesis equaling or shorter than the campanulate tube.
5. K. deppeana.
Calyx lobes in anthesis usually twice as long as the tube, if shorter the tube
narrowly turbinate.
Leaves glabrous beneath except along the veins_______- 6. K. martensii.
Leaves densely appressed-pilose beneath________________ 7. K. elegans.
1. Kohleria spicata (H. B. K.) Hanst. Linnaea 29: 520. 1858.
Gesneria spicata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 393. pl. 188. 1817.
Gesneria schiedeana Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 4152. 1845.
Isoloma spicatum Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1848: 465. 1848.
Kohleria schiedeana Hanst. Linnaea 29: 518. 1858.
Isoloma schiedeanum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 479. 1882.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Venezuela; type from Colombia.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, often epiphytic, the stems villous-hirsute
with appressed or spreading hairs; leaves mostly ternate, short-petiolate, lance-
oblong or ovate-oblong, 7 to 15 cm. long, acute or acuminate, obtuse to attenuate
at base, crenate, scabrous above, villous-sericeous beneath; corolla scarlet, 18 to
20 mm. long, densely villous.
2. Kohleria longifolia (Lindl.) Hanst. Linnaea 29: 525. 1858.
Gesneria longifolia Lindl. in Edwards, Bot. Reg. 1841: Misc. 92. 1841.
Isoloma longifolium Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1848: 465. 1848.
Kohleria chiapensis T. 8. Brandeg. Uniy. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 66. 1914.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1327
Chiapas. Guatemala (type locality) and El Salvador.
Plants chiefly herbaceous, the stems appressed-villous with white hairs; leaves
opposite or ternate, short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 16 em. long, acumi-
nate, obtuse to attenuate at base, crenate, villous-sericeous, more densely so
beneath; corolla about 18 mm. long, villous. ‘‘ Digital montés,” ‘“diente de
perro’”’ (El Salvador).
8. Kohleria fruticesa T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 67. 1914.
Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas.
-Piants sufirutescent; leaves opposite, short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, 5 to
8.5 em. long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, serrulate, cilate, sparsely ap-
pressed-villous beneath; peduncles 1-flowered, equaling or shorter than the leaves;
calyx lobes lance-linear, fully twice as long as the tube; corolla 3 em. long.
4. Kohleria viminalis T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 194. 1915.
Type from Finea Irlanda, Chiapas.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, 3 to 6 cm. long, acuminate,
cuneate at base, denticulate, hirsutulous beneath along the veins; peduncles
1-flowered, 7 cm. long; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 1 em. long; corolla red,
3 cm. long, pubescent.
Not seen by the writer.
5. Kohleria deppeana (Schlecht. & Cham.) Fritsch in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan-
zenfam. 43>; 174. 1894.
Gesneria deppeana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 110. 1830.
Gesneria lasiantha Zuce. Pl. Nov. 1: 300. 1839.
Gesneria elongata Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 92: 32. 1842. Not G. elon-
gata H. B. K. 1817.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Guerrero; reported from Morelos and Chiapas; type
from Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves mostly opposite, on long or short
petioles, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 17 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse
or acute at base, crenate or serrate, villous-sericeous; peduncles equaling or
shorter than the leaves, usually 3 or 4-flowered, the pedicels shorter than the
peduncles; corolla bright red, about 2.8 em. long, villous or puberulent.
6. Kohleria martensii Fritsch, Bot. Jahrb. Engler 50: 428. 1913.
Gesneria triflora Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 9?: 33. 1842. Not Kohleria
triflora Regel, 1848.
Veracruz; type from Mirador.
Plants slender, suffrutescent, the stems appressed-villous or glabrate; leaves
opposite, short-petiolate, lance-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acute at
base, crenate-serrate, sparsely appressed-pilosulous above; inflorescences longer
than the leaves, mostly 3-flowered, the pedicels equaling or shorter than the
peduncles; calyx lobes slightly shorter than the narrowly turbinate tube; corolla
nearly 3 cm. long.
7. Kohleria elegans (Decaisne) Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 7: 574. 1899.
Moussonia elegans Decaisne; Planch. Fl. Serr. Jard. 5: pl. 189. 1849.
?Moussonia papillosa Hanst. Linnaea 34: 288. 1865-66.
Tsoloma jaliscanum 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 159. 1890.
Kohleria collina T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 66. 1914.
Kohleria pedunculata T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 67. 1914.
Tepic to Chiapas. Type from Guatemala.
Plants herbaceous or sufirutescent, the stems villous with mostly spreading
hairs; leaves opposite, on short or long petioles, ovate-oblong, 5 to 12 cm. long,
acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, serrate or crenate, usually scabrous above
and villous-sericeous beneath; inflorescences equaling or shorter than the leaves,
1 to 4-flowered, the pedicels commonly longer than the peduncles; corolla 3 to
3.5 cm. long.
57020—_26——_2
1328 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
EXCLUDED SPECIES.
KOHLERIA SAXICOLA T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 6: 66. 1914.
According to Brandegee ! this is Diastema rupestre T. S. Brandeg.
2. SOLENOPHORA Benth. PI. Hartw. 68. 1840.
A single species is known.
1. Solenophora coccinea Benth. Pl. Hartw. 68. 1840.
Type from mountains of Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches minutely puberulent; leaves opposite,
petiolate, ovate, 15 to 20 cm. long, acuminate, narrowed and oblique at base,
duplicate-serrate; pedicels axillary, solitary, 7.5 to 10 cm. long; flowers scarlet,
about 6 cm. long; calyx adnate to the ovary below, the lobes narrowly lanceolate,
denticulate; corolla glabrous, the lobes fimbriate-crenate; capsule 5-angulate.
3. HIPPODAMIA Decaisne, Rev. Hort. III. 2: 464. 1848.
Plants suffrutescent; leaves opposite, large; flowers orange or whitish, umbel-
late; calyx adnate to the ovary below, the lobes short and broad; corolla pubes-
cent, the tube elongate, the lobes laciniate.
Corolla whitish. Umbels sessile or nearly so_________________- 1. H. obscura.
Corolla orange.
ai beld. GaUBeRRIe Y. oe net. ON. Sy en Se eee 2. H. endlicheriana.
Mimics PeGunMeulabe. 282.2% Foie) Fn Ste re ee 3. H. insignis.
1. Hippodamia obscura (Hanst.) Fritsch in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 4°*>:
183. 1894.
Solenophora obscura Hanst. Linnaea 34: 315. 1865-66.
Type from Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Stems hirtous; leaves serrate, sparsely scaberulous; pedicels shorter than the
calyx, the latter villous, the lobes acute, serrate.
2. Hippodamia endlicheriana (Heller) Fritsch in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam.
43b: 183. 1894.
Arctocalyx endlicherianus Heller; Fenzl in Otto & Dietr. Allg. Gartenz. 16:
307. 1848.
Solenophora endlicheriana Hanst. Linnaea 34: 314. 1865-66.
Type from Mirador, Veracruz.
Stems suffrutescent, long-hirsute; leaves long-petiolate, broadly elliptic, 45 em.
long or less, acuminate, duplicate-serrate, long-hirsute; pedicels equaling or
shorter than the calyx; calyx inflated, hirsute, the lobes rounded-ovate, crenulate;
corolla 6.5 to 7.5 em. long, hirsute.
3. Hippodamia insignis (Mart. & Gal.) Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 1848: 464.
1848.
Besleria insignis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 9?: 37. 1842.
Solenophora insignis Hanst. Linnaea 34: 314. 1865-66.
Type from mountains of Oaxaca, altitude 1,200 meters. Costa Rica.
Stems hirsute; leaves obliquely ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, acuminate, dupli-
cate-serrate, short-hirsute above, pubescent beneath along the veins but else-
where glabrous; pedicels as long as the calyx; calyx hirsute, the lobes rounded-
ovate, serrulate; corolla sparsely hirsute.
4. BESLERIA L. Sp. Pl. 619. 1753.
Plants suffrutescent; leaves opposite, thin; inflorescence axillary, the flowers
usually yellow; calyx inferior, campanulate or inflated, shallowly or deeply
1 Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 193. 1915.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1329
5-lobate; corolla tube cylindric, straight or oblique, slightly ampliate above;
disk annular; fruit usually globose, indehiscent.
Calyx large, equaling the corolla.
Ab aper HIERUIhee ae Oia ce Sess eS at as Ro 1. B. cyrtanthemum.
Waly appressed-pubescenbeg.o.. ws ue eo te See 2. B. deflexa.
Calyx small, shorter than the corolla.
Ese SMI LIke ae ee See mene eee ee fe, RS A ak “Es ed 3. B. hirsuta.
Leaves glabrous or with appressed hairs.
eaves abrous,bencath iors aN tl ok aes FPN eae OR 4. B. glabra.
Leaves with sparse appressed hairs beneath____________ 5. B. chiapensis.
1. Besleria cyrtanthemum Hanst. Linnaea 34: 321. 1865-66.
Cyrtanthemum hirsutum Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. 5: 130. pl. 20, f.
20-31. 1861.
Type from Oaxaca.
Stems hirsute-tomentose above; leaves long-petiolate, obliquely oblong-elliptic,
18 to 23 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute at base, obsoletely serrate, pilose
above, pilosulous beneath; pedicels shorter than the calyx; posterior calyx lobe
nearly 2.5 em. long; corolla glabrous.
2. Besleria deflexa (Oerst.) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 321. 1865-66.
Cyrtanthemum deflecum Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. 5: 130. pl. 20,
f. 82-39. 1861.
Type from Oaxaca.
Stems hirsute above; leaves elongate-oblong or subfalcate-elliptic, short-
attenuate, suboblique at base, entire, minutely appressed-pilose above, glabrate
beneath; peduncles 4 to 8 mm. long; corolla glabrous.
3. Besleria hirsuta (Oerst.) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 326. 1865-66.
Gasteranthopsis hirsuta Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. 5: 129. pl. 10, f. 9-13.
1861.
Type material from Tepinapa and Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Stems hirsute above; leaves petiolate, elongate-oblong, 20 em. long, acuminate,
attenuate at base, obsoletely serrate; peduncles much shorter than the petioles;
calyx lobes obtuse.
4. Besleria glabra Hanst. Linnaea 34: 325. 1865-66.
Gasteranthopsis glabra Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. 5: 129. pl. 10, f. 1-8.
1861.
Type from Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Stems glabrous; leaves petiolate, 18 to 23 em. long, obliquely elliptic-oblong,
acute at base; peduncles shorter than the petioles; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla
18 mm. long.
5. Besleria chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 64. 1914.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas.
Branches glabrous or appressed-pilose; leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic-oblong,
6 to 13 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base, obscurely serrulate; peduncles about
as long as the petioles; corolla red, 2 cm. long.
Perhaps not distinct from B. glabra.
5. DRYMONIA Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 57. 1829.
1. Drymonia chiapensis T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 64. 1914.
Type from Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas.
Plants seandent, the young branches puberulent; leaves elliptic, 10 to 13 em.
long, acute, cuneate at base, sinuate-dentate, hirsutulous above, paler and
pubescent beneath; flowers solitary, the pedicels 15 cm. long; calyx lobes ovate-
1330 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
cordate, acute, dentate, 18 mm. long; corolla reddish, puberulent at base, 4 em.
long.
Not seen by the writer.
6. ALLOPLECTUS Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 53. 1829.
Plants suffrutescent, the stems often scandent and rooting; leaves opposite;
flowers fasciculate or solitary in the axils; calyx inferior, 5-parted, usually red,
the lobes dentate or cristate; corolla usually whitish, the tube cylindric or ventri-
cose; fruit globose or ovoid, dehiscent or indehiscent.
Goraliafsbout.a cm. long. 9925. 3o mute t Aye ae ie See 1. A. tetragonus.
Corolla about’ 3 cm: dome. pee Res .2 2 eh to ea eee 2. A. strigosus.
1. Alloplectus tetragonus (Oerst.) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 368. 1865-66.
Glossoloma tetragonum Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. 5: 41. pl. 7. 1861.
Chiapas. Central America; type from Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Scandent shrub, the branches villous-hirsute; leaves long-petiolate, elliptic or
oblong-elliptic, 15 to 25 em. long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, serrulate,
sparsely pilose; pedicels shorter than the petioles; calyx red, 2.5 to 3 cm. long,
hirsute, the lobes laciniate-dentate; corolla pink, densely villous-hirsute.
2. Alloplectus strigosus (Oerst.) Hanst. Linnaea 34: 374. 1865-66.
Saccoplectus strigosus Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Selsk. Skrivt. V. 5: 118. 1861.
Type material from Chinantla, Tepinapa, and Tintalcingo, Oaxaca.
Stems hirsute-tomentose above, finally glabrous; leaves long-petiolate, obliquely
elliptic-oblong, the larger ones 20 to 22 cm. long, acuminate, narrowed at base,
puberulent; pedicels 12 mm. long; calyx nearly 2.5 cm. long, the lobes shallowly
and remotely serrate, red; corolla puberulent.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ALLOPLECTUS GLABER DC. Prodr. 7: 546. 1839. Type from mountains of
Mazatlan (Guerrero ?). Stems said to be glabrous.
7. COLUMNEA L. Sp. Pl. 638. 1753.
Shrubs, usually scandent and rooting; leaves opposite; flowers usually red or
yellowish, solitary or fasciculate in the axils; calyx inferior, 5-parted, the lobes
usually entire; corolla tube often gibbous at base, straight or incurved, usually
ventricose; fruit commonly baccate and indehiscent.
Corolix yeltow nobtspotted: 22223 lorie. aa Sees eee 1. -C: flava:
Corolia red, or yellow spotted with red.
Cornlia reds not sposteg te sauce ol oe 2s Se ee 2. C. erythrophoea.
Corolla yellowish, with large, dark red spots__-____------ 3. C. schiedeana.
1. Columnea flava Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 117: 39. 1842.
Type from mountains of Oaxaca.
Plants scandent, the branches fulvous-pilose; leaves subsessile, oblong-lanceo-
late, sericeous-villous; peduncles shorter than the leaves; calyx lobes ovate, acute,
entire, reddish, hirsute; corolla villous. _
2. Columnea erythrophoea Decaisne, Rev. Hort. 39: 172. 1867.
Described from cultivated plants, grown from seeds collected in Chiapas.
Branches fleshy; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate to elliptic, acuminate,
glabrous except beneath along the nerves; calyx deep rose, the segments
cordate-acuminate, dentate; corolla 8 cm. long, villous.
8. Columnea schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 8: 249. 1833.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type material from Misantla and Hacienda
de la Laguna, Veracruz.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 133i
Seandant shrub, the fleshy branches reddish-villous above; leaves short-
petiolate, obliquely oblong or lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, acute, very oblique at
base, sericeous or somewhat tomentose, especially beneath, often tinged with red;
flowers slender-pedicellate; calyx red, the lobes lanceolate or ovate, acuminate,
entire or remotely dentate, rounded at base, villosulous; corolla 5.5 to 6 em. long
villous; fruit globose, white.
152. ACANTHACEAE. Acanthus Family.
Shrubs or herbs, rarely small trees, the pubescence usually of simple hairs;
leaves opposite, mostly entire, commonly marked with linear cystoliths, estipu-
late; flowers perfect, small or large, usually irregular, bracteate and bibracteolate;
calyx inferior, the 5 (rarely 4) segments usually united for less than half their
length, often nearly free; corolla gamopetalous, the tube slender or broad, the
limb subequally 5-lobate or more commonly bilabiate; perfect stamens 4 or 2,
attached to the corolla tube, the fifth stamen (or 2 of the others also) sometimes
represented by staminodia; style simple, usually bilobate at apex; fruit capsular,
usually stipitate, 2-celled, elastically dehiscent; seeds 2 or several.
A large number of herbaceous plants of the family, some of them belonging to
genera not listed here, occur in Mexico.
Fertile stamens 4.
Corolla limb with subequal lobes.
Flowers in large dense terminal spikes furnished with large bracts.
1. BARLERIA.
Flowers not spicate. :
een herd ecole d. i fei. De Peek ete Oe roe Peer ee 2. HOLOGRAPHIS.
Anthers 2-celled.
Calyx lobes narrow, acute or acuminate, not coriaceous__3. RUELLIA.
Calyx lobes broad, obtuse, coriaceous______________- 4. BRAVAISIA.
Corolla limb bilabiate.
Flowers in very dense spikes, subtended by large bracts; corolla tube long
COG lS eyave (eyes ele sarge ee A ee ae an ee ENR 5. APHELANDRA.
Flowers in small interrupted spikes, the bracts small and inconspicuous;
corolla tube short, ampliate= 22. 22 25 6. BERGINIA.
Fertile stamens 2.
Cay eW UL ShSC PMCS 2. 2 oot. oa en Le ree 7. LOUTERIDIUM.
Calyx with 4 or 5 segments.
Anther cells parallel, equal, both inserted at the same height upon the
filamenu.
Staminodia (sterile stamens) present.
Flowers in axillary few-flowered cymes___.8. CHILERANTHEMUM.
- Flowers in terminal, simple or paniculate racemes.
9. ODON'SONEMA.
Staminodia none.
Corolla lobes widely spreading, longer than the tube; flowers small.
10. CARLOWRIGHTIA.
Corolla lobes erect-recurved, often shorter than the tube; flowers large.
11. ANISACANTHUS.
Anther cells unequal, inserted at different heights.
Calyx biloulam d= Enid ben tant eek ee ee ee 12. NEOHALLIA.
Calyx deeply 5-lobate or 5-parted.
CalivexslobesibrodG tol accOuss= ease eee n= ae ae 13. TABASCINA.
Calyx lobes usually linear or subulate.
Anther cells not mucronate at base__-_.--.------ 14. JACOBINIA.
1332 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Anther cells mucronate or calcarate at base.
Corolla tube usually ampliate above____---------- 15. JUSTICIA.
Corolla tube slender, not or scarcely ampliate.
Corolla lobes abruptly spreading------ 16. SIPHONOGLOSSA.
Corolla lobes not abruptly spreading, the posterior lip erect or
NEAT SO oe ee ea ee 17. BELOPERONE.
1. BARLERIA L. Sp. Pl. 636. 1753.
1. Barleria micans Nees; Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 146. 1844.
Barleria discolor Nees; Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 146. 1844.
Tepic to Morelos, Veracruz, and Chiapas. Guatemala to Colombia; type from
Taboga Island, Panama.
Plants herbaceous or fruticose, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves ovate to narrowly
lanceolate, 10 to 25 em. long, long-acuminate, attenuate or abruptly decurrent
at base, sparsely strigose or hirtellous; flowers in large dense terminal spikes, the
bracts large, lance-ovate to broadly ovate, acute or obtuse, strigose and hirsute-
ciliate, bluish when dry; calyx lobes very unequal, 2 of them narrow, the other 2
large and resembling the bracts; corolla 5 to 5.5 em. long, yellow, turning bluish
purple when dry, the tube long and slender, the 5 lobes subequal, spreading;
stamens 4; seeds 2 in each cell. ‘‘Ojo de buey”’ (Veracruz).
2. HOLOGRAPHIS Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 728. 1847.
Holographis (?) ilicifolia T. S. Brandeg.,! the only other species assigned to the
genus, has not been seen by the writer.
1. Holographis ehrenbergiana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 728. 1847.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosf to Puebla; type from Hacienda de Guadela.
Slender shrub; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong to oblong-ovate or broadly ovate,
1 to 3 em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, acute or obtuse at base, scaberulous
above, whitish-puberulent beneath; flowers axillary, solitary or in few-flowered
clusters; calyx 5-parted, the lobes linear-lanceolate, 5 to 6 mm. long; corolla
about 1.5 cm. long, puberulent, the tube very short, the throat obconic, the
lobes of the limb subequal; stamens 4, the anthers lanate.
3. RUELLIA L. Sp. Pl. 634. 1753.
Shrubs or more commonly herbs; leaves entire or serrulate; flowers large,
axillary, solitary, fasciculate, or cymose, the bracts usually narrow and incon-
spicuous; calyx 5-parted or deeply 5-lobate, the segments linear or lanceolate,
subequal; corolla tube straight or incurved, abruptly dilated into a campanulate
throat, the lobes spreading, subequal, contorted; stamens 4; capsule clavate or
oblong-linear, stipitate, the seeds usually 6 or more.
Numerous herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
Corolla contracted at the mouth, the lobes small, 3 mm. long or less.
Giorolla; Pla bYOUs. 5. on ak a) ms ge pe ee 1. R. cupheoides.
AG @lst OSs 8 6 ne ee ie ee ee ee 2. R. sororia.
Corolla not contracted at the mouth, the lobes large.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Leaves 1 to 3 cm. long; tube of the corolla shorter than the throat.
3. R. peninsularis.
Leaves mostly 4 to 15 em. long; tube of the corolla equaling or longer than
the throat. i
Calyx in anthesis 5 mm. long or less; capsule glabrous or nearly so.
4. R. alboviolacea.
gy NW I eer TS ee
1 Zoe 5: 236. 1906.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1333
Calyx in anthesis 8 to 10 mm. long; capsule densely pruinose-puberulent.
5. R. albiflora.
Leaves finely or coarsely pubescent beneath.
Corolla iobes.5 mm. longor lesstt— 1 US een 6. R. albicaulis.
Corolla lobes 1 em. long or larger.
Calyx lobes 3 to 6 mm. wide, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate.
Corolla throat not saccate below, the tube equaling or longer than the
Lil 02) ipsesa ag a ys he Ba 0S Les a OI at oe 7. R. speciosa.
Corolla throat strongly saccate at base, the tube much shorter than the
throat.
Leaves broadly deltoid-ovate; corolla glabrous outside.
8. R. bourgaei.
Leaves lance-oblong; corolla pilose outside________-__ 9. R. palmeri.
Calyx lobes less than 2 mm. wide, linear.
Flowers in large cymes; calyx about 5 em. long_____ 10. R. jaliscana.
Flowers mostly solitary; calyx 2.5 em. long or less.
Pubescence of the branches eglandular; corolla white.
11. R. leucantha.
Pubescence of the branches of gland-tipped hairs; corolla purple or
purplish.
Pubescence of the leaves of stellate hairs.
12. R. hirsuto-glandulosa.
Pubescence of the leaves of simple hairs______ 13. R. californica.
1. Ruellia cupheoides Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 502. 1901.
Type from limestone mountains above Iguala, Guerrero, altitude 1,200 meters.
» Slender shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branchlets short-pilose; leaves elliptic-
ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long, short-acuminate, entire, short-pilose or glabrate; peduncles
1 to 3-flowered, longer than the leaves; calyx 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the lobes linear-
lanceolate; corolla red, 3.5 cm. long.
2. Ruellia sororia Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected between Chilapa and Tixtla, Guerrero (Nelson 2160; U. S.
Nat. Herb. no. 908023).
Shrub, the branchlets cinereous-puberulent and somewhat glandular-viscid;
leaves petiolate, elliptic-ovate, 3 to 4.5 em. long, acute, obtuse or acute at base,
entire, whitish-pilose above, densely so beneath; flowers in dense few-flowered
cymes, short-pedicellate; calyx 1.5 em. long, the lobes linear, densely covered
with short gland-tipped hairs and with some longer white eglandular ones;
corolla 3.5 cm. long, glandular-pilose outside, the tube about 17 mm. long, 2 mm.
thick, the throat about 15 mm. long and 7 mm. thick, very oblique, the lobes
erect, 3 mm. long; anthers 3 mm. long, exceeding the corolla lobes.
In form the corolla is like that of R. cupheoides.
8. Ruellia peninsularis (Rose) I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12:
1172. 1924.
Calophanes peninsularis Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 75. 1890.
Baja California and Sonora; type from La Paz, Baja California.
Shrub, about 1 meter high, the leaves and young parts glutinous, glabrous
throughout; leaves broadly ovate to oblong-ovate, acute or acuminate, rounded
at base, entire; flowers solitary, short-pedicellate; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, the
lobes linear-subulate; corolla purple, 3 to 5 em. long, the throat about 1 ecm,
broad.
4. Ruellia alboviolacea Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 318. 1904.
Type from La Victoria, Michoacan or Guerrero, altitude 900 meters.
1334 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Shrub, 1 meter high, the branches glabrous; leaves narrowly oblong-lanceolate,
8 to 12 cm. long, long-acuminate, acute at base, entire, glabrous; peduncles
several-flowered; calyx lobes linear-subulate; corolla about 3.5 em. long, white ~
with violet center, the throat 1 em. broad, obscurely puberulent outside.
5. Ruellia albiflora Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 92. 1897.
Colima to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub, about 1 meter high, the branches glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate to
narrowly ovate, 4 to 16 cm. long, acuminate, acute to attenuate at base, entire;
flowers white, sessile or nearly so in the axils; calyx 10 to 12 mm. long, the lobes
linear-subulate; corolla 3 to 3.5 em. long, puberulent, the throat 5 to 6 mm.
broad. ‘Tronador”’ (Guerrero).
6. Ruellia albicaulis Bert.; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 822. 1825.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca, Yucatan, and Veracruz. Central America and northern
South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia.
Plants suffrutescent, about a meter high, the branches glandular-pilose, the
older ones whitish; leaves long-petiolate, lance-oblong to ovate, 13 em. long or
less, acuminate, acute or short-decurrent at base, usually denticulate or serrulate,
hispidulous; flowers in loose axillary cymes, slender-pedicellate; calyx glandular-
pilose, the lobes linear, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; corolla purplish, 2 to 2.5 em. long, the
throat 4 to 5 mm. thick. ‘“Hierba del cabro,”’ ‘“‘chancho del monte” (El
Salvador).
The plant exhales a very strong and offensive goatlike odor.
7. Ruellia speciosa (Nees) Lindau in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 4%>: 310.
1895.
Ophthalmacanthus speciosus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 220. 1847.
Ruellia pulcherrima T. Anderson; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 507. 1882.
Hidalgo, Mexico, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Bafios de Atoto el Grande.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the young branches glandular-pilosulous; leaves
ovate or oblong-ovate, 4 to 7.5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, rounded or
obtuse at base, entire, short-pilose and viscid, densely so beneath; peduncles
elongate, 1 to 3-flowered; calyx 2.5 to 3 cm. long, the Jobes lance-linear; corolla
pale yellow, about 6 cm. long.
8. Ruellia bourgaei Hemsl. Diag. P]. Mex. 35. 1879.
Jalisco to Veracruz and Mexico; type from mountains near Guadalupe, Mexico,
Plants large and coarse, herbaceous or perhaps suffrutescent, the stems densely
glandular-pubescent; leaves 8 to 21 ecm. long, acuminate, rounded to truncate at
base and abruptly long-decurrent, sinuate-dentate, densely pubescent or some-
times glabrate; flowers pink, cymose-paniculate; calyx 2.5 to 3 em. long; corolla
9 to 11 cm. long, the throat about 4 em. broad.
9. Ruellia palmeri Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 348. 1912.
Ruellia montezumae Lindau, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 424. 1913.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Acapuleo, Guerrero.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high, the branches viscid-puberulent; leaves 5 to 15 em.
long, acuminate, acute to rounded at base, entire, gland-dotted, puberulent or
glabrate; peduncles few-flowered; calyx 2 to 2.5 cm. long; corolla 7 to 8.5 em.
long, creamy white, the throat about 3 em. broad.
10. Ruellia jaliscana Standl., sp. nov.
_Type collected between Mascota and San Sebastidn, Jalisco (Nelson 4051;
U. 8S. Nat. Herb. no. 327151).
Branches obtusely quadrangular, tomentulose, glandular-pilosulous above;
leaves petiolate, broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate, 9 to 18 em. long, abruptly short-
acuminate, rounded at base and abruptly decurrent, shallowly sinuate-dentate,
villous-hirsutulous with whitish hairs; flowers eymose-paniculate, the peduncles
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1335
many-flowered, the flowers short-pedicellate; calyx about 5 cm. long, the lobes
narrowly linear, foliaceous, densely glandular-pilose; corolla about 7 em. long,
sparsely pilosulous outside, the tube 3 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. thick, the throat
3 cm. long, nearly 2 cm. broad, the lobes 1 cm. long, obtuse or acutish; anthers
7 mm. long, equaling the corolla lobes.
11. Ruellia leucantha T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 109. 1901.
Southern Baja California.
Shrub, about 80 cm. high, the branches densely pubescent with eglandular
hairs; leaves broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, 3 to 6.5 em. long, acute or short-
acuminate, entire, densely pubescent; calyx 1.5 to 2 em. long; corolla about
6 cm. long.
12. Ruellia hirsuto-glandulosa (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
505. 1882.
Dipteracanthus hirsuto-glandulosus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd.
1854: 123. 1854.
Querétaro, Hidalgo, and Puebla, and perhaps elsewhere; type material from
Hacienda Buena Vista, Veracruz, and Tehuacdn, Puebla.
Shrub; leaves broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute,
entire, densely stellate-pubescent and glandular-puberulent; calyx 2 to 2.5 em.
long; corolla 5 to 7 em. long.
18. Ruellia californica (Rose) I. M. Johnston, Proe. Calif. Acad. IV. 12:
1171. 1924.
Calophanes californica Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 85. 1890.
Baja California and Sonora; type from Santa Rosalfa, Baja California.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, densely glandular-puberulent or glandular-hirtel-
lous; leaves broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, 1 to 3 em. long, acute or acuminate,
entire; calyx 1 to 1.5 em. long; corolla 4.5 to 5.5 em. long.
4. BRAVAISIA DC. Bibl. Univ. Genéve 17: 124. 1838.
Shrubs or trees; leaves petiolate, entire or sinuate-dentate; flowers in paniculate
cymes or thyrses; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes subcoriaceous, rounded at apex; corolla
tube short, the throat ampliate, campanulate, the lobes subequal, rounded,
spreading; stamens 4; ovules 2 to 4 in each cell of the ovary.
Bractlets shorter than the calyx; bracts mostly small and inconspicuous.
1. B. integerrima.
Bractlets longer than the calyx; bracts large and leaflike_--__-_- 2. B. tubifiora.
1. Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Stand.
Amazonia integerrima Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 765. 1826.
Bravaisia floribunda DC. Prodr. 9: 240. 1845.
Onychacanthus berlandierianus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 217. 1847.
Tamaulipas to Guerrero and Oaxaca. Central and South America.
Shrub or tree, 3.5 to 15 meters high, the young branches finely puberulent;
leaves elliptic-oblong to elliptic, mostly 8 to 19 em. long, acute or acuminate,
acute or sometimes obtuse at base, glabrous or nearly so; corolla white, about
2 cm. long. ‘Palo blanco”’ (Guerrero); “‘palo de agua”’ (Costa Rica).
The genus Androcentrum Lem.! was based upon a single species, A. multiflorum,
described from Mexico. The specimens referred to that species, which have been
seen by the writer, do not appear to differ from Bravaisia integerrima.
1 Fl. Serr. Jard. 3: 242. 1847.
1336 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
2. Bravaisia tubiflora Hemsl. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 16: pl. 1516. 1886.
Yucatan; type from Cozumel Island.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 7.5 meters high, the branchlets hirtellous; leaves
elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 4 to 7 cm. long, acute at base, glabrate; corolla purplish,
2 to 2.5 em. long, the lobes usually emarginate.
5. APHELANDRA R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 475. 1810.
Shrubs or large herbs; leaves large; flowers red or yellow, sessile in the axes of
large imbricate opposite bracts, forming large terminal spikes; calyx 5-parted,
the segments narrow, subequal or the posterior one larger; corolla tube straight or
incurved, sometimes ampliate above, the limb bilabiate, the posterior lip erect,
the anterior reflexed-spreading, 3-lobate; stamens 4; ovules 2 in each cell.
heavesiauavernate S236 ie Be aetyh Pe ee eee 1. A. verticillata.
Leaves opposite.
Bracts entire.
Bracts acuminate.
Lateral lobes of the lower lip of the corolla nearly as long as the central
OneE ie. Ja9 fe ie OMe aie SE Re 2. A. madrensis.
Lateral lobes much shorter than the central one___.3. A. pulcherrima.
Bracts very obtuse.
Corolla pilose outside; bracts about 2 em. long_-_--_- 4. A. schiedeana.
Corolla glabrous; bracts 3 to 4 cm. long.______________- 5. A. speciosa.
Bracts serrate.
Lateral lobes of the lower lip one-third as long as the central one or longer.
6. A. aurantiaca.
Lateral lobes of the lower lip less than one-fourth as long as the central one.
7. A. deppeana.
1. Aphelandra verticillata Nees (in DC. Prodr. 11: 281, as synonym. 1849);
Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 513. 1882.
Crossandra haenkeana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 281. 1847.
Type from somewhere in Mexico.
Plants herbaceous, 60 to 90 em. high, villous; leaves ovate, 9 cm. long or less,
acuminate, attenuate at base, pilose above, pubescent beneath; bracts elliptic,
cuspidate, glabrous but ciliate; corolla glabrous, 3.5 em. long.
Known to the writer only from the original description.
2. Aphelandra madrensis Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 4: 326. 1904.
Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacan or Guerrero, altitude 1,600 meters.
Shrub 3 to 4 meters high, the branches glabrous; leaves oblong or ovate, 10 to
15 em. long, obtusely acuminate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath along the
nerves; bracts about 17 mm. long; corolla red, puberulent, the tube 28 mm. long,
the posterior lip 7 mm. long.
3. Aphelandra pulcherrima (Jacq.) H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 2: 236. 1817.
Justicia pulcherrima Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 11. 1769.
Reported from Guerrero. Martinique and northern South America.
Shrub, the branches villous above; leaves elliptic or ovate, decurrent at base
into a short petiole, villous beneath; bracts half as long as the calyx, ovate,
pubescent and ciliate; corolla red, villous.
Probably not distinct from A. tetragona (Vahl) Nees, which occurs in Panama
and Costa Rica.
4. Aphelandra schiedeana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 95. 1830.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna and Barranca de
Tioselo, Veracruz.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1337
Shrub; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 15 em. long, long-acuminate, long-
attenuate to the slender petiole, entire, glabrous above, sparsely appressed-pilose
beneath or nearly glabrous; spikes 9 cm. long or less; bracts oval, thin, glabrous
or nearly so, longer than the calyx; corolla red, about 6 cm. long, pilose,
5. Aphelandra speciosa T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 196. 1915.
Type from Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas.
Plants suffrutescent, glabrous throughout; leaves elliptic-oblong, long-petiolate,
10 to 32 cm. long, long-acuminate, attenuate at base, thin, entire; spikes 12 to 16
em. long, the bracts reddish, ciliolate, longer than the calyx; corolla red, glabrous,
the tube 2 cm. long.
6. Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidw.) Lindl. Bot. Reg. 31: pl. 12. 1845.
Hemisandra aurantiaca Scheidw. Bull. Acad. Brux. 9!: 22. 1842.
Aphelandra acutifolia Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 299. 1847.
?Hydromestus maculatus Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr. Allgem. Gartenz. 1842:
285. 1842.
?Strobilorachis glabra Klotzsch; Link, Klotzsch & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. 117.
pl. 48. 1842.
?Aphelandra hydromestus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 512. 1882.
Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco. Central and South America.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves lance-oblong to elliptic, 8 to 30 em.
long, acuminate, acute or attenute at base, entire, glabrous or nearly so; spikes
6 to 16 cm. long, the bracts pilose or puberulent; corolla orange, about 6 cm.
long.
7. Aphelandra deppeana Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 96. 1830.
Aphelandra cristata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 236. 1817. Not A. cristata
Re brs loro:
Aphelandra pectinata Willd.; Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 297. 1847.
Aphelandra haenkeana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 298. 1847.
Guerrero to Chiapas, Tabasco, Yucatdén, and Veracruz; type from Hacienda
de la Laguna, Veracruz. Central and South America; West Indies.
Shrub, 1 to 4.5 meters high; leaves ovate-elliptic to lance-oblong, 7 to 20 cm.
long, acuminate, decurrent below, often to the base of the petiole, entire, usually
scabrous above and pubescent beneath; spikes often clustered, the bracts with
glandular spots on each side; corolla red, about 4 em. long. ‘“‘Anilillo,” “anil
cimarrén”’ (Tabasco); ‘“chamoltaco”’ (Nicaragua); ‘‘oreja de coyote,” “cordon-
cillo,” “‘palo del golpe”’ (El Salvador).
6. BERGINIA Harv.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 1096. 1873.
Low shrubs with whitish branches; leaves sessile or nearly so, entire; flowers
small, sessile in the axils of small bracts, forming terminal, more or less inter-
rupted spikes; bractlets narrow, rigid, resembling the calyx lobes; calyx 5-parted,
the segments linear-lanceolate, acute, rigid; corolla tube short, ampliate above,
the limb bilabiate; stamens 4, the anthers glabrous; ovules 2 in each cell.
The following species are the only ones known.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, minutely scaberulo-puberulent.
1. B. virgata.
Leaves broadly ovate to oval or rounded, hirtellous_--_------- 2. B. palmeri.
1. Berginia virgata Harv.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 1097. 1873.
Pringleophytum lanceolatum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 293. 1885.
Baja California and Sonora; type probably from Sonora.
Branches scaberulous; leaves 1 to 4 em. long, obtuse or acute; spikes 13 em.
long or less; calyx 5 to 6 mm. long, minutely puberulent; corolla about 12 mm.
long, puberulent, pink.
1388 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HBRBARTUM
2. Berginia palmeri Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb, 1: 86, 1890,
Type from Santa Rosalia, Baja California,
Shrub, 50 em. high; leaves 7 to 15 mm, long, obtuse or rounded at apex;
spikes 6 mm. long or less; calyx densely glandular-pubescent; corolla pink, 1
em, long.
7. LOUTERIDIUM 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad, 28: 2838, 1888.
Shrubs; leaves petiolate, crenate or entire; flowers large, in narrow, nearly
naked, terminal racemes or panicles; calyx cleft nearly to the base, the lobes
broad, the 3 upper ones wholly united, the 2 upper ones distinet; corolla tube
very short, abruptly eXpanded into a broad hoodlike throat, the lobes short;
stamens 2, exserted; capsule sessile, the cells 6 to S8-seeded,
Two other species are known, natives of Guatemala and Costa Rica,
Leaves oblanceolate-oblong, long-attenuate to the base 1, L. mexicanum,
Leaves rounded-ovate, cordate or subcordate at base ...2% L. conzattil.
1. Louteridium mexicanum (Baill.) Stand.
Neolindenia mexicana Baill, Bull. Soe. Linn, Paris 2: 851, 1889,
Louteridium purpusii 'T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 68, 1914,
Chiapas; type from Zacualpan,
Plants suffrutescent, glabrous except in the inflorescence, there minutely
puberulent; leaves 15 to 28 em. long, short-acuminate, short-petiolate, nearly
entire; flowers yellowish and purplish, long-pedicellate; calyx 2 to 3,5 em, long.
2. Louteridium conzattii Standl., sp. nov.
Type collected along the banks of the Rfo Grande, between Jalapa de Diaz
and La Raya, Distrito de Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, altitude 450 meters (Conzatli 8788;
U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 1,014,088).
Plants glabrous throughout; petioles 4.5 to 6 em, long; leaves rounded-ovate,
11 to 22 em. long, 10 to 17 em. wide, cuspidate-acuminate, shallowly or deeply
cordate at base, entire or nearly so; flowers in a terminal elongate leafy-bracted
panicle; calyx about 2 em. long, the upper lobe abruptly short-acuminate, the
lower ones faleate, obtuse.
All the flowers are still in bud and the corollas not yet fully developed. ‘The
plant is closely related to L. donnell-smithii 8. Wats., but in that all parts are
densely pubescent.
8. CHILERANTHEMUM Oerst. Dansk. Vid. Medd. 1854: 166, 1854,
A single species is known.
1. Chileranthemum trifidum Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhayvn Vid. Medd, 1864;
166, 1854.
Veracruz; type from Mecapaleo.
Glabrous shrub; leaves lance-oblong, about 6 em. long, obtusely acuminate,
acute at base, petiolate, entire; peduncles axillary, trichotomous, few-flowered;
calyx 5-parted, the segments equal, linear, 6 mm, long; corolla tube 5 mm, long,
the limb bilabiate, 8 mm. long; fertile stamens 2, the anther cells equal and
inserted at the same height, 2 small staminodia also present; ovules 2 in each cell,
Known to the writer only from the original description and from Hemsley’s
ilustration.! ~
9. ODONTONEMA Nees, Linnaea 16; 300, 1842,
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, large; leaves large, entire; flowers red,
pedicellate, fasciculate in the axils of small bracts, arranged in terminal, simple
or paniculate racemes; calyx small, 5-parted, the segments narrow, acuminate;
1 Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. pl. 67, f. 1-4.
BTANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1339
corolla tube elongate, straight or slightly curved, slightly ampliate above, the
limb nearly regular or bilabiate, the posterior lip entire or bilobate, the anterior
one 3-parted; stamens 2; ovules 2 in each cell,
Corolla limb conspicuously bilabiate, the lobes 5 to 8 mm. long.
1, O. callistachyum.
Corolla limb nearly regular, the lobes usually shorter.
Leaves pubescent on both surfaces; inflorescence leafy-bracted,
2. O. foliaceo-bracteatum.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so; inflorescence not leafy-bracted.
Inflorescence racemose, puberulent; leaves puberulent beneath along the
cs eeepc a bE i om 3. O. cuspidatum.
Inflorescence thyrsoid-paniculate, glabrous; leaves glabrous.
4, O. glabrum,
1. Odontonema callistachyum (Schlecht. & Cham.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2:
494, 1891.
Justicia callistachya Schlecht. & Cham, Linnaea 6; 370, 1831.
Thyrsacanthus callistachyus Nees in DC, Prodr, 11: 326. 1847.
Thyrsacanthus lilacinus Lind), Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. 6: 159. 1851.
Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Misantla, Veracruz.
Central America.
Plants suffrutescent, 2 to 4.5 meters high; leaves lance-oblong to elliptic-ovate,
10 to 30 em. long, acuminate, glabrous or nearly so, the upper ones usually sessile
but the lower petiolate; flowers red or pink, in dense or interrupted, racemiform,
often paniculate thyrses, the branches pubescent or glabrous; corolla 2.5 to 4 em.
long, the throat 5 mm. broad,
2. Odontonéma foliaceo-bracteatum (Oerst.) Kuntze. Rev. Gen, Pl. 2: 494,
1891,
Thyrsacanthus foliaceo-bracteatus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn. Vid. Medd.
1854: 146. 1855,
Type from Mirador, Veracruz.
Stems villous; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, about 13 cm, long, short-acumi-
nate, attenuate at base to a short petiole; flowers sessile; calyx lobes linear.
Known to the writer only from the original description. The plant was
referred doubtfully to Thyrsacanthus by Oersted and may belong to some other
genus,
3. Odontonema cuspidatum (Nees) Kuntze, Rev. Gen, Pl. 2: 494. 1891.
Thyrsacanthus cuspidatus Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 323. 1847.
Chiapas and Tabasco; reported from Oaxaca; type from Teapa, Tabasco.
Leaves oval to elliptic-oblong, about 25 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base,
petiolate, glabrous above; corolla 2.5 em. long.
Thyrsacanthus strictus Nees,! of Guatemala and El Salvador, is scarcely distinct.
4. Odontonema glabrum 7T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 195, 1915.
Chiapas; type from Finea Irlanda. ’
Plants suffrutescent, glabrous throughout; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong
to oblong-elliptic, 10 to 20 em. long, long-acuminate, acute at base; corolla 2.5
em, long.
2
10. CARLOWRIGHTIA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad, 13: 364, 1877.
Plants suffrutescent or herbaceous; leaves entire; flowers small, loosely spicate
or racemose, often paniculate; calyx 5-parted or 5-cleft; corolla tube slender, the
throat not dilated, the limb nearly equally 4-cleft; stamens 2, the anther cells
equal, inserted at the same height; capsule stipitate, 4-seeded.
1In DC. Prodr. 11: 324. 1847.
1340 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves linear or nearly so.
Branches of the inflorescence glabrous_-___..______--___--_- 1. C. pectinata.
Branches of the inflorescence puberulent.
Pubescenceplannimarc 2.8 0 oe te eg ee 2. C. lindauiana.
Pubespence:epiangubar: 2.022002 ee ee ee 3. C. linearifolia.
Leaves lanceolate to broadly ovate.
Flowers axillary or in short racemes.
Stems very minutely puberulent, the hairs scarcely perceptible.
4. C. parvifolia.
Stems pilose or pubescent, the hairs conspicuous.
Pubescence all or chiefly eglandular______....-__._.-_._- 5. C. pubens.
Pubescence chiefly of gland-tipped hairs.
Leaves cordate or subcordate at base______________ 6. C. glandulosa.
Leaves obtuse or acute at base__________-..-_---- 7. C. serpyllifolia.
Flowers chiefly in long naked spikes.
Branches bisuleate and angulate.
Stems scaberulous; capsule glabrous_______-_------------_- 8. C. ovata.
Stems sparsely hirsute; capsule puberulent___________ 9. C. haplocarpa.
Branches terete.
Leaves nearly sessile, 6 mm. wide or less_____.___--_- 10. C. arizonica.
Leaves conspicuously petiolate, 1 to 4 em. wide or larger.
Leaves rounded or obtuse at base_______.__-_------ 11. C. glabrata.
Leaves cordate or subcordate at base.
Stems very minutely puberulent____________1___12. C. cordifolia.
Stems short-pilose or pubescent__-.-.----------- 13. C. californica.
1. Carlowrightia pectinata T.S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 160. 1891.
Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from San José del Cabo, Baja
California.
Plants slender, herbaceous or suffrutescent, erect or decurrent, glabrous; leaves
sessile, 2 to 10 em. long, 2 to 7 mm. wide; flowers in interrupted panicled few-
flowered spikes; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long, the tube much shorter than the lobes.
Carlowrightia fimbriata T. S. Brandeg.,! described from San Pedro, Baja Cali-
fornia, is scarcely distinct.
2. Carlowrightia lindauiana Standl.
Carlowrightia linearifolia Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 661. 1897. Not
C. linearifolia A. Gray, 1877.
Querétaro and Hidalgo; type from some unknown Mexican locality.
Plants slender, woody below, the stems striate, glabrate; leaves 2 to 5 cm.
long, 5 mm. wide or less, sessile or nearly so, glabrous or scaberulous; flowers in
slender interrupted naked spikes; corolla purplish, 8 to 10 mm. long, the tube
2 mm. long; capsule puberulent or glabrous.
8. Carlowrightia linearifolia (Torr.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 13: 364.
1877.
Schaueria linearifolia Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 123. 1859.
No Mexican specimens seen by the writer, but the plant doubtless occurs in
Chihuahua. Western Texas to southern Arizona.
Plants herbaceous or often fruticose below, the branches minutely scaberulous;
leaves narrowly linear, 1 to 3.5 em. long, scaberulous; flowers pedicellate, race-
mose-paniclate; corolla purplish, 1 em. long.
4. Carlowrightia parvifolia T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 190
1911.
1 Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 161. 1891.
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1341
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; type from Sierra de la Paila, Coahuila.
Plants chiefly herbaceous, 20 cm. high or less, much branched; leaves linear-
lanceolate to lance-ovate, less than 1 cm. long, acute at base; corolla 7 mm.
long.
5. Carlowrightia pubens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 406. 1886.
Shaueria parvifolia Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 122. 1859. Not Carlo-
wrightia parvifolia T. S. Brandeg. 1911.
Dianthera parvifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 330. 1878.
Chihuahua to Nuevo Leén. Western Texas; type collected along Cibolo
Creek.
Plants chiefly herbaceous, 25 cm. high or less, much branched; leaves petiolate,
ovate or broadly ovate, 1.5 cm. long or less, obtuse or acute, densely pubescent;
corolla about 7 mm. long; stipe shorter than the body of the capsule.
6. Carlowrightia glandulosa Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 40.
1896.
San Luis Potosi to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Monte Alban, Oaxaca, alti-
tude 1,650 meters.
Plants chiefly herbaceous, densely glandular-pubescent or pilose throughout;
leaves petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 1 to 6 em. long, acute or obtuse; corolla
purplish, about 1.5 cm. long; stipe fully as long as the body of the capsule.
7. Carlowrightia serpyllifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 405. 1886.
Coahuila; type from mountains near Jimulco.
Plants suffrutescent, loosely branched, with whitish branches; leaves petiolate,
lance-oblong to ovate, 6 to 15 mm. long, acute or obtuse, glandular-puberulent;
corolla purplish; stipe equaling the body of the capsule.
8. Carlowrightia ovata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 406. 1886.
Type collected near the city of Chihuahua.
Plants woody below, procumbent; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or broadly
ovate, 1 to 1.5 em. long, acuminate, rounded at base, glabrate; corolla purple;
stipe equaling the body of the capsule.
9. Carlowrightia haplocarpa Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 30.
1894.
San Luis Potosi; type from Villar.
Plants slender, suffrutescent, 40 em. high or less; leaves subsessile, broadly
ovate, 2 to 4 em. long, subcordate at base, sparsely hirsute or glabrate beneath;
corolla purple, 10 to 12 mm. long; capsule pubescent, the stipe equaling the body.
10. Carlowrightia arizonica A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 13: 364. 1877.
Sonora and Sinaloa. Southern Arizona; type from Camp Grant.
Plants woody below, 50 em. high or less, the branches minutely puberulent;
leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate, 1.5 to 3 em. long, acuminate, short-petiolate;
corolla about 13 mm. long, cream-colored; stipe usually longer than the body of
the capsule.
11. Carlowrightia glabrata Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 536. 1895.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Manzanillo, Colima.
Plants large, slender, hirtellous or glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, lance-
oblong to oblong-ovate, 4 to 7.5 em. long, acute, pubescent or glabrate beneath;
stipe longer than the body of the capsule.
12. Carlowrightia cordifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 406. 1886.
Chihuahua and Baja California; type from mountains above Batopilas, Chi-
huahua.
Plants chiefly herbaceous; leaves petiolate, ovate, 1 to 4 cm. long, acute or
acuminate, finely puberulent; corolla white, 1 em. long; stipe equaling the body
of the capsule.
1342 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
13. Carlowrightia californica T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 172. 1903.
Baja California and Sinaloa; type from southern Baja California.
Plants chiefly herbaceous; leaves petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 3 to 6 cm.
long, pubescent, acuminate; corolla cream-colored, 8 mm. long; stipe equaling
the body of the capsule.
Probably only a form of C. cordifolia.
11. ANISACANTHOUS Nees, Linnaea 16: 307. 1842.
Shrubs; leaves petiolate, entire; flowers red, mostly in terminal, simple or
branched, secund, interrupted, terminal spikes, the bracts usually small; calyx
5-cleft, the segments narrow, subequal; corolla tube slender, elongate, straight or
slightly incurved, the limb bilabiate, the posterior lip usually entire, ‘the anterior
3-parted; stamens 2, the anther cells equal and inserted at the same height;
ovules 2 in each cell.
Bractlets muchwoncver, than whe calyx. 992) ee ee eee 1. A. abditus.
Bractlets much shorter than the calyx.
Calyx lobes longer than the stpe of the capsule and often equaling the body
OL the. capsules: Sseciew Tl pees heen tee lee ie Pi yn eee 2. A. thurberi.
Calyx lobes equaling or shorter than the stipe of the capsule.
Calyx without glandular pubescence.
Calyx lobes glabrous but ciliate; lips of the corolla shorter than the tube.
3. A. gonzalezii.
Calyx lobes pubescent on the back; lips about as long as the tube.
4. A. pumilus.
Calyx glandular-puberulent.
Corollasa tobv5 cm longs < oe SLs ae See eee 5. A. insignis.
Corolla 3 to 3.5 em. long.
Calyx in anthesis about 38 mm. long____-____._-_____- 6. A. wrightii.
Calyx in anthesis 5 to 6 mm. long___--_-_____-_-_-- 7. A. quadrifidus.
1. Anisacanthus abditus T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe. 3: 348. 1893.
Sonora; type from Sierra Matapdn.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, with whitish branches; leaves long-petiolate, lance-
olate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 3 em. long, acuminate, densely glandular-puberu-
lent; inflorescence short and dense, leafy-bracted, few-flowered; bractlets 8 to 12
mm. long, obtuse glandular-pilosulous; coroila rose-colored, 3 to 4 cm. long,
glabrous.
2. Anisacanthus thurberi (Torr.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 328. 1878.
Drejera thurberi Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 124. 1859.
Chihuahua and Sonora; type from Las Animas, Sonora. Arizona and New
Mexico.
Shrub, 1.5 meters high or less; leaves lanceolate or oblong, short-petiolate, 1.5
to 5 em. long, hirtellous or puberulent; flowers pedicellate, the calyx glandular-
puberulent; corolla red, 2.5 to 3.5 em. long, pilose, the lobes equaling or shorter
than the tube. ‘‘Chuparosa”’ (Sonora, Arizona).
3. Anisacanthus gonzalezii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 89. 1903.
Oaxaca; type from Cuesta de Quiotepec, altitude 1,200 meters.
Shrub, the branchlets appressed-pubescent or glabrate; leaves short-petiolate,
lance-ovate to linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4.5 em. long, acuminate, glabrous or pu-
bescent beneath along the costa; calyx 6 to 8 mm. long; corolla red, 3 to 4 cm.
long, pilosulous, the lips shorter than the tube.
4. Anisacanthus pumilus (Dietr.) Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 445. 1847.
Justicia pumila Dietr. Vollst. Lex. Gairtn. Nachtr. 4: 197. 1815-21.
Drejera greggit Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 124. 1859.
STANDLEY-—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1343
Anisacanthus greggit A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 328. 1878.
San Luis Potosi to Michoacan.
Low shrub with exfoliating bark; leaves lanceolate or lanceovate, short-
petiolate, 4 cm. long or less, cinereous-pilose beneath or finally glabrate; calyx
about 6 mm. long; corolla 4 to 4.5 em. long, puberulent.
5. Anisacanthus insignis A. Gray, Syn. FI. ed. 2. 21: 457. 1886.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Durango. Western Texas.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, linear to narrowly lanceolate (on young sterile
shoots sometimes lance-ovate and long-petiolate), 2 to 3 em. long, puberulent or
glabrate; flowers pedicellate; calyx 6 to 7 mm. long; corolla rose-red or salmon-
colored, pilosulous.
The writer has seen no material of A. tulensis Greenm.!, which was described
from Santa Maria del Tule, Oaxaca. Its description agrees well with specimens
of A. insignis, but it may be a distinct species.
6. Anisacanthus wrightii (Torr.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2!: 328. 1878.
Drejera wrightit Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 123. 1859.
Coahuila and Zacatecas to Tamaulipas. Western Texas; type collected
between the Guadalupe River and the Rio Grande.
Shrub, about 1 meter high, the branches puberulent in lines; leaves short-
, petiolate, linear to ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, acuminate, glabrous or
nearly so; flowers sessile; corolla puberulent or pilosulous. ‘‘Muicle’” (Tamau-
lipas).
The plant is employed in Tamaulipas as a remedy for colic.
7. Anisacanthus quadrifidus (Vahl) Standl.
Justicia coccinea Cav. Icon. Pl. 2: pl. 199. 1793. Not J. coccinea Aubl. 1775.
Justicia quadrifida Vahl, Enum. Pl. 1: 124. 1804.
Justicia virgularis Salisb. Parad. Lond. pl. 50. 1806-07.
Anisacanthus virgularis Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 445. 1847.
Drejera puberula Torr. U.S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 123. 1859.
Drejera juncea Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 124. 1859.
Anisacanthus junceus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 522. 1882.
San Luis Potosi to Puebla and Oaxaca.
Shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves short-petiolate or subsessile, linear to
lanceolate, 2 to 5 cm. long, long-acuminate, glabrous or nearly so: corolla red,
pilosulous or puberulent.
"12. NEOHALLIA Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 519. 1882.
A single species is known.
1. Neohallia borrerae Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 519. 1882.
Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Chiapas.
Plants large, probably shrubby, glabrous; leaves oblong-oblanceolate, 20 to
35 cm. long, acuminate, attenuate to the base, short-petiolate, entire; flowers in
pedunculate clusters of 2 or 3, the large bracts about 6 cm. long, cuplike; calyx
tubular, subequally 5-dentate; corolla about 7 cm. long, the tube slender,
slightly incurved, the limb bilabiate, the posterior lip erect, narrow, subemargi-
nate, the lower short and 3-dentate; stamens 2, the anther cells unequal.
13. TABASCINA Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 445. 1891.
The single species of the genus is known to the writer only from description.
1. Tabascina lindeni Baill. Hist. Pl. 10: 445. 1891.
Mexico, the locality not indicated, but (judging from the generic name) prob-
ably in Tabasco.
1 Field Mus. Bot. 2: 343. 1912.
57020—26——_3
1344 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Shrub; leaves elliptic-acuminate, long-attenuate to the petiole, large, nearly
glabrous; flowers in terminal cymes, the bracts and bractlets small; calyx lobes
broad, foliaceous, the posterior one larger; corolla tube campanulate, pubescent,
the limb with 5 short subequal lobes; stamens 2. the cells unequal.
14. JACOBINIA Moric. Pl. Nouv. Amer. 156. 1846.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves entire; flowers usually red or yellow, sessile in the axils
of bracts or short-pedicellate, solitary, cymose, spicate, or paniculate; calyx
5-cleft or 5-parted, the lobes narrow; corolla tube usually slender and elongate,
straight or incurved, the limb bilabiate, the posterior lip narrow, erect, entire or
shallowly bilobate, the anterior lip 3-lobate; stamens 2, the anther cells more or
less unequal, not appendaged at base; ovules 2 in each cell.
Flowers in a large dense terminal thyrse; leaves not auriculate at base of petiole.
1. J. umbrosa.
Flowers not in a dense terminal thyrse or, if so, the leaves auriculate at base
of petiole.
heaves stellate-pubescent.ter — te ea 2. J. stellata.
Leaves glabrous or with pubescence of simple hairs.
Calyx lobes mostly 2 to 3 mm. wide, large and herbaceous, sometimes
obtuse.
@alyxtlobes“ob tuses: 4442.42" fase eee 3. J. purpusii.
Calyx lobes acuminate.
Calyx parted nearly to the base.._-_...----1-:.---+ 4. J. paniculata.
Calyx with a tube nearly as long as the lobes__.-___-- 5. J. albicaulis.
Calyx lobes 1.5 mm. wide or less, small, linear or lance-subulate, never
obtuse.
Leaves auriculate at base of petiole__________- cpg Sate (Hae tS ee
Leaves not auriculate at base.
Corolla glabrous.
Leaves densely velutinous-pubescent beneath_-------- 7. J. incana.
Leaves glabrous beneath except along the veins._____8. J. spicigera.
Corolla pilose or puberulent.
Calyx glandular-pubescent.
Stems pubescent-tomentose________-_---_- 9. J. aschenborniana.
DUGMS DIAG eo Seer a an 10. J. heterophylla.
Calyx without glandular pubescence.
Bracts equaling or longer than the calyx______- 11. J. candicans.
Bracts much shorter than the calyx.
Leaves glabrate beneath._..:.u2_+-...-- ~~. 12. J. mexicana,
Leaves subtomentose beneath..._..------------ 13. J. mollis.
1. Jacobinia umbrosa (Benth.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 103. 1917.
Justicia aurea Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 393. 1832.
Justicia umbrosa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 79. 1841.
Cyrtanthera catalpaefolia Nees in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 4444. 1849.
?Cyrtanthera chrysostephana Hook. f. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 5887. 1871. .
Jacobinia aurea Hemsl. Diag, Pl. Mex. 35. 1879. Not J.aurea Hiern, 1877-78.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Tioselo, Veracruz. Central America.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 4 meters high or larger, the branches puberulent or
glabrous; leaves petiolate, lance-oblong to broadly ovate, 10 to 45 cm. long,
usually acute or acuminate, abruptly decurrent at base, puberulent or nearly
glabrous beneath; thyrses 7 to 30 cm. long, many-flowered; corolla yellow, about
5 em. long, puberulent or pilosulous. ‘‘ Monte de oro,” ‘“‘pluma de oro” (Vera-
cruz, Oaxaca); ‘‘cola de ardilla”’ (El Salvador).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1345
2. Jacobinia stellata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 390. 1894.
Type from barranca of Tequila, Jalisco.
Plants finely stellate-pubescent throughout; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, 5 to 13.5 em. long, acuminate; flowers in few-flowered cymes
in the upper axils; calyx glandular-pubescent, the lobes linear-oblanceolate,
acutish; corolla reddish purple, 4 em. long.
3. Jacobinia purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 195. 1915.
Chiapas; type from Finca Irlanda.
Plants chiefly herbaceous, the stems villosulous; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate-
oblong to broadly ovate, 5 to 9 cm. long, acuminate, acute to rounded at base,
villosulous or sometimes hirsute beneath; flowers in small sessile terminal clusters;
corolla yellow (?), about 7 em. long, glandular-villous.
4. Jacobinia paniculata Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1854: 153.
1855.
Veracruz; cultivated at Guanajuato; type material from Mirador and Colipa,
Veracruz. Central America.
Plants suffrutescent, glabrous or nearly so; leaves petiolate, lance-oblong or
elliptic-oblong, acuminate, acute at base; flowers in lax terminal panicles; calyx
16 mm. long or less; corolla red and yellow, 3 to 3.5 em. long, pubescent.
5. Jacobinia albicaulis T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 386. 1913.
Type from Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz.
Shrub, the branches glabrous; leaves nearly sessile, oblong-obovate, 6 to 12.5
em. long, short-acuminate, cuneate-attenuate at base, scaberulous above, sparsely
puberulent or glabrate beneath; flowers cymose-paniculate; calyx 7 mm. long,
glabrate; corolla red, 18 mm. long, glabrous.
6. Jacobinia auriculata Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 1: 349. 1895.
Type from Colima.
Shrub, 1 meter high, the branchlets quadrangular; leaves sessile and clasping,
lance-oblong or ovate-oblong, 8 to 15 cm. long, acuminate, rather abruptly atten-
uate, glabrate; flowers in a dense terminal panicle; corolla crimson, 2.5 cm. long.
7. Jacobinia incana (Nees) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 521. 1882.
Sericographis incana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 361. 1847.
Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosf; reported from Veracruz; type
from Tolimdn (Querétaro ?).
Shrub, about 1 meter high, the branches densely pubescent; leaves petiolate,
oblong to ovate, 6 to 14 em. long, usually obtuse, acute or decurrent at base;
flowers in few-flowered axillary and terminal cymes; corolla red, 4 em. long.
*“Muicle” (Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas).
Used in Tamaulipas as a remedy for colic.
8. Jacobinia spicigera (Schlecht.) L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 1715. 1915.
Justicia spicigera Schlecht. Linnaea 7: 395. 1832.
Justicia atramentaria Benth. Pl. Hartw. 69. 1840.
Drejera willdenowiana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 334. 1847.
Sericographis mohintli Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 361. 1847.
Jacobinia mohintli Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 521. 1882.
Tepic to San Luis Potos{, Veracruz, and Chiapas; often cultivated; type from
Jalapa, Veracruz. Central America.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches puberulent or glabrate; leaves short-
petiolate, lance-oblong to ovate, 6 to 17 cm. long, usually acute, glabrate; flowers
in few-flowered, axillary or terminal cymes; corolla red or orange, 3 to 3.5 cm.
long. ‘‘Micle’”’ (Guerrero, Durango); ‘‘mohuitli,’’ ‘‘muicle,”’ ‘“moictle,”’ ‘mui-
cli,” ‘“‘moytli,”’ ‘‘mohitli,”’ ‘mohintli,” ‘mohintle” (Oaxaca, Guanajuato, Queré-
taro, Mexico, etc.; derivatives of the Nahuatl mohuitli, “blue’’); ‘hierba del
1346 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
anil’? (Chiapas); “‘hierba azul”’ (Veracruz); ‘‘trompetilla”’ (Veracruz); ‘‘charait-
zicua”’ (Tarascan, Ramirez); ‘‘hierba afil’’ (Ramirez); ‘‘mozote’”’ (Nueva Farm.
Mez.); ‘‘mirto del cerro”’ (Querétaro); ‘‘tinta,’”’ “‘sacatinta,’’ ‘‘hierba de la San-
tisima Trinidad” (El Salvador).
This plant is well known in Mexico and nearly throughout Central America.
The leaves are placed in hot water, which at first assumes a dingy blackish color
but later becomes dark blue. This solution is employed by laundresses for
whitening clothes, in the same manner as indigo. The plant was employed for-
merly in Mexico also as a dye. It is used as a remedy for dysentery, fevers,
gonorrhoea, and other affections.
9. Jacobinia aschenborniana (Nees) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 520.
1882.
Sericographis aschenborniana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 362. 1847.
?Sericographis haplostachya Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 362. 1847.
Described from somewhere in Mexico.
Leaves long-petiolate, broadly ovate, obtusely cuspidulate, hirsute above,
hirsute-tomentose beneath; corolla 2.5 cm. long.
Known to the writer only from the original description.
10. Jacobinia heterophylla (Schlecht. & Cham.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2: 520. 1882.
Justicia heterophylla Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 95. 1830.
Type from Cerro Colorado, Veracruz.
Stems fruticose; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtusely acuminate, acute at base,
hirsute along the costa; corolla 2.5 cm. long.
Known to the writer only from description.
11. Jacobinia candicans (Nees) Benth. & Hook.: Hook. & Jacks. Ind. Kew
1: 1246. 1893.
Adhatoda candicans Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 396. 1847.
Dianthera candicans Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 517.
1882.
Jacobinia ovata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 405. 1886.
Jacobinia ovata subglabra S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 67. 1889.
Sonora to Oaxaca and Puebla; type from mountains of Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 3 to 7
cm. long, acute or acuminate, pubescent or glabrate; flowers in small, dense,
few-flowered, sessile or subsessile clusters; corolla red, 3.5 to 4 cm. long. ‘‘Es-
puela de caballero”’ (Sinaloa).
12. Jacobinia mexicana Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 325. pl. 66. 1857.
?Jacobinia uhdet Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 488. 1895.
Sinaloa; Querétaro (?); type from the Sierra Madre.
Shrub, the branchlets puberulent or glabrate; leaves petiolate, ovate or lanceo-
late, 3 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, abruptly decurrent at base; corolla red, about
3.5 em. long.
13. Jacobinia mollis Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 91. 1903.
Type from Oaxaca.
Branchlets hirsute-pubescent; leaves petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 9
em. long, short-acuminate; flowers in short axillary racemes; corolla purplish,
3.5 cm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
JACOBINIA GHIESBREGHTIANA (Lem.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 520.
1882. Cyrtanthera ghiesbreghtiana Lem. FI. Serr. Jard. 1847: Misc. No. 7. 1847;
Sericographis ghiesbreghtiana Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 730. 1847. Described
from cultivated plants of Mexican origin.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1347
JACOBINIA LONGIFLORA (Nees) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 521. 1882.
Heinzelia longiflora Nees in DC. Prodr. 11: 314. 1847. Type from “Las
Ajuntas.”’
JACOBINIA MACROPHYLLA (Oerst.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2: 521. 1882. Sericographis macrophylla Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn
Vid. Medd. 1854: 149. 1855. Type from Veracruz.
JACOBINIA OAXACANA Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 91. 4903. Type from
Oaxaca.
JACOBINIA VIRGATA (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 522. 1882:
Sericographis virgata Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1854: 154. 1855.
Type from Acatlin and Ejutla. Oaxaca.
15. JUSTICIA L. Sp. Pl. 15. 1753.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves entire; flowers small or large, white, purplish, or red,
variously arranged; calyx 4 or 5-parted, the segments narrow; corolla tube
usually shorter than the limb, ampliate above, the limb bilabiate; stamens 2,
the anther cells unequal, the lower one appendaged at base; ovules 2 in each cell.
Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
ea viesnlinear ene. Bol oea ee IIe ee SP ENE ay GRETA OO Ree oer 1. J. linearis.
Leaves much broader than linear.
Calyx glandular-pubescent.
Calyx covered. withsessile glands. 22222022 Jobe eset 2. J. hians.
Calg piandwmar-pidses se coe 82 as es oh ee 3. J. salviaeflora.
Calyx without glandular pubescence.
Bractlets!spatulate;- obtuse... 2. Si Se eels Le: ees 4. J. palmeri.
Bractletstlinesr-subulatet-s 22200 2 eR Sores 5. J. mexicana.
1. Justicia linearis Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. 50: 161. 1895.
Type from Las Tablas, San Luis Potosf.
Plants tomentulose, fruticose; leaves 1-nerved, sessile, 2.5 em. long, 2 mm.
wide; flowers axillary, sessile; calyx 8 mm. long; corolla 18 mm. long, pubescent.
2. Justicia hians T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 194. 1915.
Beloperone hians T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 194. 1889.
Justicia insolita T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 195. 1889.
Baja California; type from Comondi.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches minutely whitish-puberulent; leaves
short-petiolate, oblong to oval or lance-oblong, 1 to 3.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute,
sparsely pubescent or glabrate; flowers in few-flowered interrupted spikes;
corolla 2 to 2.5 em. long.
Brandegee has referred J. palmeri Rose to synonymy under J. hians. A
specimen of the latter species, presumably of the type collection, seen by the
writer is identical with J. insolita.
8. Justicia salviaeflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2: 233. 1817.
Justicia paniculata Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 348. 1895.
Jalisco to Oaxaca and Morelos; described from cultivated plants.
Plants suffrutescent, the branches glandular-pilose; leaves petiolate, lance-
oblong or oblong-ovate, 5 to 8 em. long, acuminate, acute at base, pubescent;
flowers mostly in few-flowered secund spikes, sometimes cymose; corolla 1.5 to
2 cm. long, red.
4. Justicia palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 75. 1890.
Baja California; type from La Paz.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches minutely cinereous-tomentulose;
leaves short-petiolate, ovate to lanceolate, 4 to 7 em. long, obtusely acuminate,
obtuse or acute at base, glabrous or nearly so; flowers fasciculate in the axils or in
short leafy-bracted spikes; corolla red, 3 to 3.5 em. long.
1348 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
5. Justicia mexicana Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 348. 1895.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Agiabampo, Sonora.
Slender shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, the branches pubescent or glabrate; leaves
slender-petiolate, lanceolate or ovate, 4 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, acute or obtuse
at base, sparsely pubescent or glabrate; flowers in terminal and axillary clusters;
corolla red, 3 to 3.5 em. long. ‘‘ Mitle cimarrén”’ (Sinaloa).
This species andJ. palmeri should probably be referred to the genus Beloperone.
16. SIPHONOGLOSSA Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1854: 159.
1855.
Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
1. Siphonoglossa pringlei (Robins. & Greenm.) Lindau, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5:
662. 1897.
Carlowrightia pringlei Robns. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 50. 1896.
Oaxaca; type from Tomellin Canyon, altitude 1,050 meters.
Slender shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1.5
to 3 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, petiolate, entire, glabrous or
nearly so; flowers in slender interrupted spikes, the bracts small, subulate; calyx
5-cleft, the lobes linear-subulate, glandular-pubescent; corolla purplish, about
2 cm. long, the tube slender, equaling the 4 subequal lobes; stamens 2, the anther
cells slightly unequal.
17. BELOPERONE Nees in Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 76. 1832.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves usually entire; flowers usually red, fasciculate in the
axils of bracts or cymose, sometimes in terminal thyrses, the bracts small or large;
calyx 5-parted, the segments narrow; corolla tube slender, elongate, scarcely
ampliate above, the limb deeply bilabiate, the posterior lobes narrow, erect,
entire or shallowly bilobate, the anterior one 3-lobate; stamens 2, the anther cells
unequal, the lower one mucronate at base; ovules 2 in each cell.
Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
Branches glabrous or obscurely and sparsely puberulent.
Bracts much shorter than the calyx; leaves acute or acuminate_1. B. fragilis.
Bracts longer than the calyx; leaves obtuse__-_---------- 2. B. macrantha.
Branches densely pilose or whitish-tomentulose.
Flowers borne in the axils of reduced leaves; seeds rugose____3. B. purpusii.
Flowers in naked racemes; seeds smooth____---_----------- 4. B. californica.
1. Beloperone fragilis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 27: 183. 1892.
Type from Las Canoas, San Luis Potosi.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches nearly glabrous; leaves petiolate,
ovate, 4 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or rounded at base, barbate beneath along the costa,
elsewhere glabrate; flowers in axillary or terminal, naked, secund spikes; calyx
4 mm. long; corolla reddish, 2.5 cm. long, pubescent.
2. Beloperone macrantha (Oerst.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2: 516. 1882.
Beloperonoides macrantha Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1854: 162.
pl. 4, f. 36. 1855.
Type from Trapiche de la Concepcién, Oaxaca.
Shrub, the branches puberulent in lines; leaves petiolate, lance-elliptic, about
7 cm. long, attenuate at base, crenulate toward the apex, glabrous; flowers termi-
nal, fasciculate, sessile; calyx 8 mm. long; bracts spatulate; corolla puberulent, 5.5
cm. long.
Known to the writer only from description.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1349
3. Beloperone purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 172. 1903.
Southern Baja California; type from San Felipe.
Plants suffrutescent, the branches densely velutinous-pubescent; leaves short-
petiolate or the upper sessile, ovate or broadly ovate, 3 to 10 em. long, obtuse to
acuminate, truncate or cordate at base, densely pubescent; inflorescence viscid-
villous; corolla about 3 em. long.
4. Beloperone californica Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 38. 1844.
?Beloperone californica conferta T. 8S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 194-
1889.
Baja California, Sonora, and Sinaloa; type from Cape San Lueas, Baja
California. Southern California.
Shrub, 2 meters high or less, often leafless, the branches whitish-tomentulose;
leaves long-petiolate, oblong-ovate to rounded-ovate, 1 to 6.5 em. long, obtuse or
acute, rounded to cordate at base, pubescent, sometimes dentate; inflorescence
viscid-puberulent or villous; corolla red, 3 to 3.5 em. long. ‘‘Chuparosa”’
(Sonora).
The flowers are said to be eaten by the Papago Indians.
153. RUBIACEAE. Madder Family.
Shrubs or trees, or often herbs, sometimes armed with spines; leaves opposite
or verticillate, entire, stipulate; flowers perfect or unisexual, large or small,
usually regular; calyx inferior, the limb entire or lobate, rarely obsolete; corolla
gamopetalous, the lobes valvate, imbricate, or contorted; stamens usually as
many as the corolla lobes and alternate with them, inserted on the tube or throat
of the corolla; style simple or 2 to 10-cleft; fruit capsular, baccate, or drupaceous,
or of dehiscent or indehiscent cocci.
Numerous genera of the family are represented in Mexico only by herbaceous
species. Among the most important members of the family are the species of
Cinchona, a South American genus, which yield the Cinchona bark of commerce,
from which quinine is extracted. Two or more species of Cinchona are cultivated
in Veracruz, and perhaps elsewhere, having been introduced first at Cordoba.
A. Ovules more than one in each cell.
Fruit dry.
Seeds not winged or, if winged, horizontal.
Corolla lobes valvate.
-Seeds horizontal, usually very pumercue, large shrubs with large flowers.
1. PORTLANDIA.
Seeds vertical, few; small shrubs with small flowers_.2. HOUSTONTA.
Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted.
Corolla lobes imbricate.
@Gansule bali. superior... 2-4 —825-5 2-2- , o 3. RACHICALLIS.
Capsule wholly inferior. 22528 te 4. RONDELETIA.
Corolla lobes contorted.
Corolla tube short, shorter than the lobes_____-------- 5. DEPPEA.
Corolla tube elongate, usually much exceeding the lobes.
Corolla tubular; filaments elongate_____-__---- 6. OMILTEMIA.
Corolla salverform or funnelform; filaments short.
Anthers exserted; corolla tube several times as long as the lobes.
7. LINDENIA.
7 Anthers included; corolla tube less than twice as long as the
Lobe: 2-25 re ee en ee i eas 8. STYLOSIPHONIA.
Seeds winged or appendaged, vertically imbricate. ;
Corolla open in bud, the lobes not touching_-__-_------- 9. EXANDRA.
1350 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Corolla closed in bud, the lobes valvate, imbricate, or contorted.
Corolla lobes valvate.
lowers epleater ues 5h jet ent eel tale ca ees 10. ALSEIS.
Blowers nGtispieate.¢s.2)0 geo 4 eee ee 11. BOUVARDIA.
Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted.
Calyx lobes dissimilar, one of them often expanded into a large white
petiolatesblades 2204019 Ad . bbe is 12. CALYCOPHYLLUM.
Calyx lobes all alike or nearly so, never expanded into a petiolate
blade.
Corolla symmetric, the tube slender, the limb 4 or 5-lobate.
13. EXOSTEMA.
Corolla often asymmetric, the tube broad, often gibbous, the limb
O Sa, S-lobate. 2. foe de ee eee 14. COUTAREA.
Fruit fleshy.
Corolla lobes valvate.
Inflorescence terminal.
Inflorescence spikelike; leaves thin.__...__._________- 16. DUGGENA.
Inflorescence not spikelike; leaves coriaceous_-_________- 17. ISERTIA.
Inflorescence axillary.
Leaves finely lineolate between the nerves.
Flowers in secund racemes___________ 18. PLOCANIOPHYLLUM.
Flowers not in secund racemes__-__....--..----_-- 19. SOMMERA.
Peavestnopineolates.o< 522 22. See ek = AL ee ee ee 20. SABICEA.
Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted.
Corolla lobes contorted.
Flowers perfect.
Corolla somewhat irregular, curved in bud_-_-_-_ 21. POSOQUERIA.
Corolla regular, not curved in bud.
Corolla tube villous within in both throat and base_.22. GENIPA.
Corolla tube villous in either the throat or base but not in both.
24. RANDIA.
Flowers dioecious.
Staminate flowers terminal_._..............-__- 23. ALIBERTIA.
Staminate flowers lateral... 20.22.2022 2s ke 24. RANDIA.
Corolla lobes imbricate.
Calyx lobes unequal, one of them foliaceous-____-_~_- 25. OTOCALYX.
Calyx lobes equal or nearly so, none of them foliaceous.
eary or o-celled te 2 a ee ee 26. HAMELIA.
WSUHEY 2ACCNeLt Siete oo ere oe eee wee See 27. HOFFMANNIA.
AA. Ovule one in each cell.
Seeds pendulous, the radicle superior.
Flowers in spherical compact heads; fruit dry__-__ 15. CEPHALANTHUS.
Flowers not in spherical heads; fruit often fleshy.
Stamens inserted in the throat of the corolla.
Fruit separating into 2 cocci at maturity________- 28. MACHAONIA.
Fruit not separating into cocci at maturity.
Carslitdabes walvate 2220 2 fe eee 29. CHOMELIA.
orate lobés "Imbrirdtess. ee sae een 30. GUETTARDA.
Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla tube.
Corolla lobes valvate.
imflorescence- terminal ss. 17 te ee ers oe 31. ERITHALIS.
Inflorescence axillary.
Flowers 5-parted; calyx lobes very short; flowers in racemes or
PADICICS = 29s = Ss Ne TN ee eee ee) a eee eee 32. CHIOCOCCA.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1351
Flowers 4-parted; calyx lobes elongate; flowers fasciculate in the
cb (eb Ae ee 2 ee eS ee RP 33. ASEMNANTHE.
Corolla lobes| imisri¢atets 02 .iese ent hg Bee 34. PLACOCARPA.
Seeds ascending, the radicle inferior.
Corolla lobes contorted or imbricate.
Corollatighesceantarted 2 3445 45.2.0 80 lo En a he 35. COFFEA.
Corolla lobes: imbricate 222 Jed2528 ee econ wee 36. STRUMPFIA.
Corolla lobes valvate.
RONEN POW tae me ee Sa ne tae gil le 42. FARAMEA.
Ovary with 2 or more cells.
Fruit a syncarp, the flowers borne in a dense head, the calyces confluent.
43. MORINDA.
Fruit not a synearp, the flowers only rarely capitate.
Plants scandent; fruit of 2 thin flat cocci__________ 41. PAEDERIA.
Plants not scandent; fruit never of 2 flat cocci.
Stipules not setiferous, never leaflike.
Stipules, at least the upper ones, pectinately lobed.
37. RUDGEA.
Stipules entire. :
Flowers in loose or dense heads surrounded by large, usually
colored, toliaccous bractsi=- 2... 22222-2242 s.2 39. EVEA.
Flowers never in leafy-bracted heads.
Corolla tube straight, not gibbous; branches of the inflor-
escence not yellow or reddish_____ 38. PSYCHOTRIA.
Corolla tube usually somewhat curved or gibbous; branches
of the inflorescence commonly yellowish or reddish.
40. PALICOUREA.
Stipules setiferous, or sometimes leaflike.
Stipules setiferous.
Fruit of 2 united indehiscent cocci_-_-_--_---_- 44, ERNODEA.
Fruit of 2\dehistent cocci_g 222. 2282) 93222 45. TRIODON.
Stipules similar to the leaves, the leaves thus appearing verticil-
lnteuwon dead 2 bt Meee ve oe ok lS 46. GALIUM.
1. PORTLANDIA P. Br.; L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 928. 1759.
REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 8-13. 1918.
Shrubs; leaves short-petiolate, coriaceous, persistent; flowers large, axillary
or terminal, solitary or fasciculate; corolla funnelform, the lobes short, reduplicate-
valvate; fruit capsular, 2-celled, loculicidally bivalvate; seeds numerous, com-
pressed, angulate.
Corolla about 2.5 em. long, 4-lobate___-_------------- 1. P. ghiesbreghtiana.
WoxrollaiGito.o cm long, o-lobatel ==. 3) ee ee ee eee 2. P. mexicana.
1. Portlandia ghiesbreghtiana Baill. Adansonia 12: 300. 1879.
Courtaportla ghiesbreghtiana Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 147. 1923.
Hidalgo, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de Huijastla.
Glabrous shrub with resinous branches; leaves oblong-elliptic to oval-elliptic,
2 to 4.5 em. long, acute or obtuse, acute at base; flowers numerous, short-pedi-
cellate; corolla white; capsule 7 to 11 mm. long.
2. Portlandia mexicana (Zuce. & Mart.) Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 31. 1879.
Coutarea mexicana Zuee. & Mart.; DC. Prodr. 4: 350. 1830.
Nernstia mexicana Urban, Symb. Antill. 9: 146. 1923.
San Luis Potosi, Querétaro, and Hidalgo.
Glabrous shrub; leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 3 to 7.5 cm. long, acute or
obtuse, the margins revolute; capsule 1.3 to 2 cm. long.
1352 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
2. HOUSTONIA L. Sp. Pl. 101. 1753.
REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 24-38. 1918.
Small shrubs or usually herbs; leaves small; flowers small, axillary or in
dichotomous cymes; calyx lobes 4; corolla funnelform or salverform, the limb
4-lobate, the lobes valvate; fruit a small 2-celled capsule, loculicidally dehiscent;
seeds not winged.
Several herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
Capaule ices tian tale Mnfenor. "oo o2 eS eee 1. H. fasciculata.
Capsule more than half inferior.
Bran chesislaprous scene oer tee ee ee ee ee eee 2. H. mucronata.
Branches hirtellous or scabrous.
Flowers in cymes; leaves not acerose; corolla tube minutely hirtellous out-
STG (CUR be oe a ce Spl age ae pet ey tp Dn get 2 Joes alo = 3. H. peninsularis.
Flowers mostly solitary; leaves acerose; corolla tube glabrous.
Leaves mostly verticillate; flowers sessile or nearly so_____ 4. H. acerosa.
Leaves opposite; flowers mostly pedicellate_______ 5. H. polypremoides.
1. Houstonia fasciculata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 203. 1882.
Chihuahua and Coahuila. Western Texas and southern New Mexico; type
from Presidio, Texas. _
Shrub, 40 em. high or less, the branches scaberulous or hirtellous; leaves oppo-
site or verticillate, linear, 3 to 10 mm. long, scaberulous or glabrate; flowers in
small cymes; corolla white, 3 to 4 mm. long.
2. Houstonia mucronata (Benth.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 401. 1910.
Hedyotis mucronata Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 19. 1844.
Houstonia fruticosa Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 132. 1892.
Southern Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Glabrous shrub, 60 em. high or less; leaves linear, 3 to 18 mm. long; flowers
in small terminal cymes; corolla 10 to 12 mm. long, white.
3. Houstonia peninsularis T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 160. 1903.
Baja California; type from Sierra de la Trinidad.
Shrub, 30 em. high or less; leaves linear, 1 to 4 em. long, hirtellous; corolla
purple, 15 mm. long.
4. Houstonia acerosa A Gray; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 60. 1873.
Hedyotis acerosa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 81. 1852.
Mallostoma acerosum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 31. 1881.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosf. Western Texas.
Plants fruticose or suffrutescent, 30 cm. high or less; leaves 5 to 12 mm. long,
rigid, scaberulous or hirtellous; corolla 12 to 16 mm. long.
5. Houstonia polypremoides A Gray, Proc. Acad. Amer. 21: 379. 1886.
Chihuahua; type from Santa Eulalia Mountains. Western Texas and southern
New Mexico.
Shrub, 20 em. high or less; leaves rigid, 5 to 12 mm. long, seaberulous or hirtel-
lous; corolla white, 8 to 11 mm. long.
3. RACHICALLIS DC. Prodr. 4: 433. 1830.
A single species is known.
1. Rachicallis americana (Jacq.) Hitche. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 92. 1893.
Hedyotis americana Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 12. 1760.
Yucatan, on coastal rocks. West Indies; type from Cuba.
Erect or procumbent shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves linear-oblong to
obovate, 2 to 8 mm. long, obtuse or acute, coriaceous; flowers yellow, solitary,
sessile in the leaf axils; corolla salverform, 8 to 10 mm. long, sericeous, the limb
4-lobate; capsule 3 mm. long, septicidally bivalvate, many-seeded.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1353
4. RONDELETIA L. Sp. Pl. 172. 1753.
REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 44-86. 1918.
Shrubs or small trees; flowers in terminal or axillary cymes, corymbs, or pan-
icles; calyx 4 or 5-lobate; corolla funnelform or salverform, the tube slender, the
limb 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes imbricate; fruit capsular, 2-celled, loculicidally or
septicidally bivalvate, many-seeded; seeds often winged or appendaged.
inilorescence*whollveaxlaryoeeees fa See Se eee 1. R. scabra.
Inflorescence terminal, sometimes also axillary.
Corolla densely yellow-barbate in the throat.
Corolla glabrous outside.
Calyx lobes foliaceous, several times as long as the tube; leaves setose-
Puloseibencatheaee 2. jer awoe seek foe ee 2. R. suffrutescens.
Calyx lobes minute, shorter than the tube; leaves glabrous beneath except
for tufts of hairs in the axils of the nerves______ 3. R. ligustroides.
Corolla pubescent outside.
Branches acutely quadrangular; petioles 5 to 13 mm. long; leaves usually
acute vat bases... 2.2 BaBz at? Looker ase): at48 4. R. stenosiphon.
Branches terete or subangulate; petioles very short; leaves obtuse to
cordate at base.
Stipules triangular-subulate, 4 to 6 mm. long________ 5. R. gratissima.
Stipules mostly oblong, foliaceous, 10 mm. long or longer, usually
obtuse.
Leaves sparsely strigose beneath_______________-_ 6. R. intermedia.
Leaves densely soft-pilose beneath.
Leaves broadly ovate or ovate-oval, usually subcordate at base;
corolla tube 12 mm. long or less_________--_- 7. R. amoena.
Leaves elliptic or lance-elliptic, obtuse at base; corolla tube 15 mm.
OMG ae caeneens wesmeee Hee ta' 1S: Pe ee ape Sie 8. R. langlassei.
Corolla usually naked in the throat, never yellow-barbate.
Inflorescence an elongate spikelike panicle.
Corolla variously pubescent outside but never tomentose.
Panicles shorter than the leaves, partly axillary; leaves glabrous.
9. R. heteranthera.
Panicles longer than the leaves, all terminal; leaves pilose-strigose
Dene ache eke ae Slats eee: Fe eee 4 as eke ON 10. R. capitellata.
Corolla arachnoid-tomentose outside.
Leaves somewhat tomentose beneath when young but soon glabrate.
11. R. septicidalis.
Leaves densely tomentose beneath even in age.
Corolla tube 12 to 15 mm. long.
Secondary veins of the leaves obsolete; tomentum of the lower
surface of the leaves white, very closely appressed.
12. R. laniflora.
Secondary veins prominent; tomentum loose, fulvous.
13. R. bourgaei.
Corolla tube 4 to 10 mm. long.
Leaves long-pilose beneath along the nerves; corolla tube 8 to
LO*mm: lone! 3) 2 Save) seed tat 2 es onl 14. R. villosa.
Leaves not pilose beneath; corolla tube 4 to 8 mm. long.
15. R. buddleoides.
Inflorescence various but never an elongate spikelike panicle.
Corolla not arachnoid-tomentose outside.
Corolla pubescent: outside. -°- 23-2 40-3 6 2 eee eos 16. R. deamii.
1354 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Corolla glabrous.
Stipules reniform, foliaceous, persistent; corolla tube 11 to 12 mm.
Lone: Sek eB thy tape bore vio bape ine La ae neni’ 17. R. galeottii.
Stipules small, not foliaceous, deciduous; corolla tube 12 to 16 mm.
LOT Bia Re epee Hi A hea ye ny eos irk 18. R. jurgenseni.
Corolla arachnoid-tomentose outside.
Inflorescence of numerous once bifid cymes arranged in a raceme, the
flowers sessile, secund; stipules bidentate at apex___19. R. rekoi.
Inflorescence capitate or cymose-paniculate, the flowers often pedicel-
late, not secund; stipules entire.
InfiGrescence: capitate. o. -2c03h oe eae _.20. R. leptodictya.
Inflorescence cymose-paniculate.
Calyx lobes linear or oblanceolate, 3 to 6 mm. long.
21. R. leucophylla.
Calyx lobes orbicular-oblong, 0.5 to 1.5 mm. long_._22. R. nitida.
1. Rondeletia scabra Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 29. 1879.
Type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca.
Leaves ovate-oblong, 7.5 to 10 cm. long, acute, attenuate at base, hispid-
pilose beneath; cymes usually 3-flowered; corolla strigillose-pilose, the tube
12 mm. long.
2. Rondeletia suffrutescens T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 70.
1914.
Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to lance-oblong, 4.5 to 10 cm. long, long-
acuminate or attenuate, rounded or abruptly short-acuminate at base; cymes
mostly 3-flowered; corolla tube 17 mm. long.
3. Rondeletia ligustroides Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 26. 1879.
Veracruz; type from Orizaba.
Shrub, 2 to 2.5 meters high, the branches glabrous; leaves short-petiolate,
broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 4 to 8 em. long, abruptly acuminate or at-
tenuate, rounded to acute at base; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, few or
many-flowered; corolla yellowish red, the tube 5 to 6 mm. long.
4. Rondeletia stenosiphon Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 26. 1879.
Type from Yucatdn or Tabasco. Guatemala.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, obovate to oval-oblong or elliptic-oval, 7 to
14 cm. long, abruptly short-acuminate, obtuse to acuminate at base, glabrous
above, strigillose or glabrate beneath; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, many-
flowered; corolla sericeous-strigillose, the tube 8 to 11 mm. long.
5. Rondeletia gratissima (Linden) Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 25. 1879.
Rogiera gratissima Linden; Planch. Fl. Serr. Jard. 15: 133. 1864.
Rogiera elegantissima Regel, Gartenflora pl. 490. 1865.
Chiapas.
Shrub; leaves oblong-elliptic, 5 to 6 cm. long, short-acuminate, rounded at
base, glabrous; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, dense; corolla rosy white,
sparsely puberulent, the tube 12 mm. long.
6. Rondeletia intermedia Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 26. 1879.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Chiapas.
Shrub; leaves ovate or ovate-oval, 6 to 12 cm. long, acutish or obtuse, rounded
or subcordate at base; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, the cymes few-flowered;
corolla pinkish white, strigillose, the tube 8 to 10 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1355
7. Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 26. 1879.
Rogiera amoena Planch. FI. Serr. Jard. 5: 442. 1849.
Chiapas. Guatemala to Panama.
Shrub or small tree, the branchlets villous-pilose; leaves 6 to 15 cm. long,
usually abruptly short-acuminate; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, 5 to 18 em.
broad; corolla pink or pinkish, densely appressed-pilose.
8. Rondeletia langlassei Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 53. 1918.
Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacdn or Guerrero, altitude 1,750 meters.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4 meters high, the branchlets appressed-pilose; leaves
9 to 12.5 cm. long, acute or attenuate; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, 10 em.
broad; corolla pink, strigillose.
9. Rondeletia heteranthera T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 387.
1913.
Type from Bafios del Carrizal, Veracruz.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 6 to 10 em. long, acumi-
nate; panicles 2 to 4 cm. long; corolla minutely strigillose, the tube 2.5 to 3 mm.
long.
10. Rondeletia capitellata Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 28. 1879.
Veracruz and Oaxaca.
Shrub or tree, 6 meters high or less; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to narrowly
elliptic-oblong, 7.5 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate; corolla red, strigillose,
the tube 6 to 8 mm. long.
11. Rondeletia septicidalis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 403. 1910.
Type from Chicharras, Chiapas.
Shrub; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate to lanceolate, 5 to 16 cm. long, abruptly
acuminate or attenuate, acute at base, glabrous above; panicles 6 to 10 cm.
long; corolla red, the tube 6 to 8 mm. long.
12. Rondeletia laniflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 85. 1841.
Mountains of Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Sierra de las Nubes.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves petiolate, obovate to narrowly lance-elliptic,
5.5 to 13 em. long, attentuate or abruptly acuminate, acute or attenuate at
base, glabrate above; panicles 4 to 7 em. long; corolla white-tomentose, the tube
12 to 15 mm. long.
13. Rondeletia bourgaei Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 56. 1918.
Type from San Cristébal, region of Orizaba, Veracruz.
Shrub; leaves petiolate, obovate to oblong-elliptic, 6.5 to 11.5 em. long, acute
or acuminate at base and apex; panicles 6 to 10 cm. long.
14. Rondeletia villosa Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 27. 1879.
Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco; type from San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca.
Shrub; leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptic or ovate, 10 to 25 cm. long, acuminate,
acute at base, sparsely pilose above; panicles 15 to 24 cm. long; corolla white,
lanate.
15. Rondeletia buddleoides Benth. Pl. Hartw. 69. 1840.
Rondeletia affints Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 28. 1879.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Llano Verde, Oaxaca. Guatemala to
Panama.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oval-elliptic to lanceolate,
5 to 12 cm. long, acute or long-acuminate, obtuse to long-acuminate at base,
glabrate above; panicles 10 to 15 cm. long; corolla white-tomentose.
1356 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
16. Rondeletia deamii (Donn. Smith) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 60. 1918.
Bouvardia deamii Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 49: 455. 1910.
Oaxaca. Guatemala; type from Fiscal.
Shrub; leaves nearly sessile, ovate-orbicular to ovate, 2.5 to 6.5 cm. long,
abruptly acuminate, rounded to acute at base, minutely pilose beneath; flowers_
mostly in 3-flowered cymes; corolla tube 7 to 12 mm. long.
17. Rondeletia galeottii Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 59. 1918.
Type from somewhere in southern Mexico.
Glabrous shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oval-obovate or oblong-obovate, 8 to
17 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, 4 to 8
em. broad.
18. Rondeletia jurgenseni Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 29. 1879.
Type from Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Oaxaca.
Glabrous shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate, 5 to 7.5 cm. long,
acuminate, cuneate at base; inflorescence cymose, 3.5 to 5 em. broad.
19. Rondeletia rekoi Stand]. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 8: 126. 1918.
Type from Hacienda Las Pilas, Cerro Espino, Oaxaca, altitude 400 meters.
Leaves petiolate, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 8.5 to 19 em. long, acute, rounded
and short-decurrent at base, green above and scabrous, white-tomentose beneath;
corolla tube 5.5 to 7 mm. long.
20. Rondeletia leptodictya Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 402. 1910.
Type from banks of the Rio Petatlin, near the boundary between Michoacan
and Guerrero, altitude 500 meters.
Shrub, 2 meters high; leaves petiolate, broadly obovate to elliptic-oblong, 4 to
11 cm. long, abruptly acute or attenuate, acute or obtuse at base, white-tomentose
beneath when young but glabrate in age; corolla red, the tube 12 to 14 mm. long.
21. Rondeletia leucophylla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 395. 1819.
Rondeletia elongata Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 409. 1830.
Bouvardia discolor Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 428. 1840.
Rondeletia dubia Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 28. 1879.
Rondeletia leucophylla calycosa Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 92. 1903.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type collected between Alto del Peregrino and Rio Papa-
gallo, Guerrero.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 4 to
14 cm. long, acute, acute to rounded at base, white-tomentose beneath; flowers
fragrant; corolla red. ‘‘Hierba de la muchachita’”’ (Oaxaca); ‘‘huele de noche”’
(Sinaloa).
22. Rondeletia nitida Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 39. 1879.
Chiapas.
Leaves short-petiolate, narrowly lanceolate or lance-elliptie, 5 to 10 cm. long,
long-acuminate at each end, white-tomentose beneath; panicles few-flowered;
corolla pink.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
RONDELETIA SPINOSA Schum. Bull. Herb. Boiss 3: 620. 1895. Type from
Hidalgo. Probably not of this genus.
5. DEPPEA Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 167. 1830.
REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 88-90. 1921.
Slender shrubs; leaves thin, petiolate; flowers small, yellow, in terminal or
axillary cymes or umbels, sometimes solitary, pedicellate; calyx 4-lobate; corolla
rotate or short-funnelform, the lobes contorted; fruit a small capsule, turbinate
or obovoid, costate, 2-celled, loculicidal; seeds numerous, not winged.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1357
Inflorescences 1 or 2-flowered.
Leaves 1 cm. long or less; calyx lobes obtuse____________ 1. D. microphylla.
Leaves 2.5 to 4.5 cm. long; calyx lobes acute_______________ 2. D. purpusii.
Inflorescences few or many-flowered.
Inflorescence umbellate or subumbellate.
Capsule 2 mm. long, about as broad as long____________ 3. D. umbellata.
Capsule 3 to 4 mm. long, much longer than broad__________ 4. D. excelsa.
Inflorescence cymose-corymbose.
orl opaniamle Lapa e ie ee se Se ek 5. D. erythrorhiza.
Corolla 4 to 10 mm. long.
Capsule oval, obscurely costate, puberulent; corolla 5 mm. long or less.
6. D. pubescens.
Capsule turbinate, conspicuously costa te, glabrous; corolla 6 to 10 mm.
long.
Buds and corolla lobes verv acute or acuminate______ 7. D. cornifolia.
Buds and corolla lobes obtuse or rounded.
Leaves 1.5 to 3.5 em. long; lobes cf the calyx about equaling the
(Fi |} See ene et oie eee no ASO ke ae ae ea 8. D. obtusiflora.
Leaves 5 to 15 em. long; lobes of the calyx shorter than the tube.
9. D. grandiflora.
1. Deppea microphylla Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 249. 1905.
Type from Trinidad Iron Works, Hidalgo, altitude 1,710 meters.
Shrub; leaves petiolate, rhombic-ovate or oval-elliptic, 4 to 10 mm. long,
obtuse, sparsely puberulent or glabrate beneath; corolla 5 mm. long, the lobes
obtuse; capsule 3 mm. long.
2. Deppea purpusii Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 88. 1921.
Type collected in the Sierra Madre between Misantla and Naolinco, Veracruz.
Shrub; leaves petiolate, ovate or oblong-ovate, acute, elepa sie or villosulous
beneath; capsule 3 to 4 mm. long, villosulous at first.
3. Deppea umbellata Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 31. 1879.
Veracruz; type from Orizaba.
Shrub; leaves long-petiolate, ovate or lance-ovate, 4 to 11.5 em. long, acumi-
nate, sparsely puberulent or glabrate beneath; corolla 2 to 3 mm. long.
4. Deppea excelsa (H. B. K.) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 89. 1921.
Psychotria excelsa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 355. 1819.
Deppea tenuiflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 349. 1857.
Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Shrub; leaves petiolate, ovate to lance-oblong, 4 to 7.5 em. long, acuminate,
puberulent or sparsely pilose beneath, finally glabrate; corolla lobes obtuse.
5. Deppea erythrorhiza Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 168. 1830.
Deppea hedyotidea DC. Prodr. 4: 618. 1830. .
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Slender shrub with pink wood; leaves long-petiolate, elliptic or ovate, 4 to 7
em. long, acute or short-acuminate, glabrous or puberulent; capsule 2.5 to 3 mm.
long.
6. Deppea pubescens Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 31. 1879.
Type from Santa Gertrudis.
Leaves long-petiolate, ovate or lance-oblong, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. long, acute or
acuminate, villosulous or tomentose beneath; capsule 3 mm. long.
7. Deppea cornifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 349. 1857.
Rondeletia cornifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 39. 1840.
Michoacdn and Mexico to Oaxaca; type from Morelia, Michoacan.
1358 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or lance-ovate, 1.5 to
4.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, sparsely puberulent or glabrate beneath;
corolla 8 to 11 mm. long; capsule 3.5 mm. long.
8. Deppea obtusiflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 349. 1857.
Choristes obtusiflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 63. 1840.
Oaxaca; type from Llano Verde.
Leaves short-petiolate, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, acute at base, villo-
sulous beneath along the nerves; corolla 8 to 9 mm. long.
9. Deppea grandiflora Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 748. 1847.
Deppea floribunda Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 31. 1879.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Costa Rica and Panama.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, oblanceolate to obovate
or obovate-ovate, acuminate, puberulent or villosulous beneath; corolla 6 to 8
mm. long; capsule 3 to 5 mm. long.
6. OMILTEMIA Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 8: 427. 1918.
A single species is known.
1. Omiltemia longipes Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 8: 427. 1918.
Type from Omilteme, Guerrero.
Shrub, about 3 meters high; leaves mostly ternate, short-petiolate, oblanceo-
late or oblanceolate-oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long, acute to long-attenuate, villosulous
beneath along the nerves or glabrate; flowers red, axillary, solitary, long-pedi-
cellate; calyx 4-lobate; corolla tubular, 4 cm. long, glabrous, the 4 lobes short,
acuminate, contorted; capsule 2-celled, 14 mm. long, cylindric, the seeds numer-
ous, angulate.
7. LINDENIA Benth. Pl. Hartw. 84. 1841.
A single species is known.
1. Lindenia rivalis Benth. Pl. Hartw. 84. 1841.
Lindenia acutiflora Hook. Icon. Pl. pl. 475. 1842.
Along streams, Michoacan to Veracruz, Tabasco, and Oaxaca. Guatemala to
Panama; type from Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, short-
petiolate, oblanceolate to linear-oblong, 3.5 to 16.5 cm. long, acute or attenuate,
puberulent or pilosulous beneath, rarely glabrous; flowers short-pedicellate, in few-
flowered terminal cymes; calyx tube elongate, 5-angulate, the limb 4-lobate;
corolla white, salverform, the tube 10 to 16 em. long, pilosulous, the lobes elliptic
or oblong-oval, 2.5 to 3 em. long, acute or obtuse; capsule 2-celled, pyriform,
1.2 to 2em.long; seeds numerous, small, angulate. ‘‘Pimienta de agua”’ (Oaxaca,
Reko); ‘‘flor de Maria’”’ (Guatemala); “‘lirio”’ (Costa Rica).
8. STYLOSIPHONIA T.S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 70. 1914.
A single species is known.
1. Stylosiphonia glabra T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 70. 1914.
Type from Chiapas.
Shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or oblanceolate,
6.5 to 14 em. long, abruptly long-acuminate, acute or attenuate at base, sparsely
short-pilose beneath along the nerves or glabrate; inflorescences axillary and ter-
minal, cymose, few-flowered, pedunculate; calyx 5-lobate, the lobes narrow,
glabrous; corolla salverform, glabrous, the tube slender, 18 mm. long, the 5 lobes
lance-linear, contorted, more than half as long as the tube; capsule ovoid, 2-celled,
9 mm. long, the seeds numerous, angulate. .
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1359
9. EXANDRA Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 292. 1923.
The genus consists of a single species.
1. Exandra rhodoclada Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 292. 1923.
Type collected between La Venta and Niltepec, Oaxaca. Also in El Salvador.
Large shrub or tree; leaves slender-petiolate, rounded-ovate or rounded-oval,
20 to 30 cm. long, 16 to 25 cm. wide, short-acute or acuminate, cordate at base,
minutely puberulent beneath upon the nerves; flowers in terminal panicled cymes,
mostly sessile; corolla broadly funnelform, 4 to 5 mm. long; filaments long-
exserted. ‘‘Brasil,” ‘‘limpia-dientes”’ (El Salvador).
The exact position of the genus within the family is somewhat doubtful because
of the lack of mature fruit. The wood turns red upon exposure to the air.
10. ALSEIS Schott; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 4: Cur. Post. 404. 1827.
Trees or shrubs; leaves petiolate; flowers small, white or yellow, spicate, the
spikes simple or branched, axillary and terminal; calyx tube obconic, the limb
5-lobate, the lobes deciduous; eorolla cylindric, short, pilose within, the limb
5-lobate, the lobes valvate; capsule oblong-turbinate, 2-celled, septicidally
bivalvate; seeds linear-fusiform, appendaged at each end.
The writer has seen a single specimen of this genus, collected at Buena Vista
Xbac, Yucatdin, where the plant is said to be known as ‘‘cacaoché.’’ The
material consists only of leafless fruiting branches and consequently can not be
determined specifically. It may represent an undescribed species or it may be
Alseis blackiana Hemsl.!, which occurs in Panama and Colombia.
11. BOUVARDIA Salisb. Parad. Lond. pl. 88. 1808.
REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 100-111. 1921.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite or verticillate, usually short-petiolate; flowers
commonly large, white, red, or yellow, cymose or cymose-corymbose, rarely soli-
tary; calyx limb 4-lobate; corolla tubular or salverform, the limb 4-lobate;
capsule didymous-globose, 2-celled, loculicidally bivalvate; seeds numerous,
compressed, winged.
Nearly all the species are shrubby or suffrutescent, and for convenience there
are included the few Mexican species which are, so far as known, always
herbaceous.
Leaves all or mostly in verticels of 3 to 5. Corolla red.
Corolla glabrous outside.
Corolla lobes erect or ascending, 2 to 5 mm. long.
Upper leaves sessile or nearly so, short-villous or tomentulose beneath;
Corolla jobes,.2.tolg) Mm. long! sees ee ee ee ee 1. B. leiantha.
Upper leaves petiolate, puberulent, scaberulous, or glabrate beneath;
corolla lobes,3 to.5,.mm long 9.22.22 se 2. B. bouvardioides.
Corolla lobes widely spreading, 5 to 8 mm. long.
Stems and leaves villosulous or tomentulose with slender whitish hairs;
calyx ttobes'2-5 to 4.5 mm: long= ==> 222 ee 3. B. viminalis.
Stems and lower surface of the leaves villous with very coarse yellowish
hairs*. calyx lobes'S:to 12: mm jlong=-- 252-26 Se 4. B. scabra.
Corolla pubescent outside.
Leaves obovate, often 5-verticillate_____....__-.----------- 5. B. obovata.
Leaves not obovate, 3 or 4-verticillate.
Corolla tube glabrous within or sparsely villous, the hairs not collected in
atdense TING. 2200 eee a a ol nt ls GOB ele berriiin.
Corolla tube with a densely villous ring within near the base.
Leaves densely whitish-tomentose beneath_____------- 7. B. scabrida.
1 Diag. Pl. Mex. 30. 1879.
57020—26——4
1360 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves not tomentose beneath.
Leaves elongate-linear, 3 to 9 em. long and 0.6 to 3.5 mm. wide,
Often 2 aprOUse 4528s Eee 1 2.)0 ee eee 8. B. tenuifolia.
Leaves not elongate-linear, if very narrow the blades usually less
than 3 cm. long, usually lanceolate to ovate_-9. B. ternifolia.
Leaves opposite.
Corolla lobes usually 3 to 5 mm. long, of an ovate or triangular-oblong type,
mostly erect or ascending; corolla yellow, red, white, or greenish white,
the tube 1 to 3.3 cm. long.
Inflorescences usually 3 or 5-flowered, simply cymose, sometimes 1-flowered;
leaves pinnately nerved.
Corolla red or yellow.
Corolla lobes villous outside with coarse hairs; leaves mostly rounded-
ovate and cordate or subcordate at base___--_- 10. B. subcordata.
Corolla lobes glabrous outside; leaves not cordate at base.
Corolla tube glabrous within; leaves 2 to 3.5 mm. wide.
11. B. macilenta.
Corolla tube more or less villous within; leaves 5 mm. wide or wider.
Calyx tube densely puberulent or short-hirtellous, the lobes 2 to 4.5
mm. long; inflorescences mostly 3-flowered__12. B. versicolor.
Calyx tube glabrous or very sparsely villous or puberulent, the
lobes 4 to 11 mm. long; inflorescences mostly with 5 or more
flowers.
Coralia 3:3 te 1.5 nr. Jong 2 eae 13. B. conzattii.
Corolla 2.5 to 4 em. long.
Pedicels 3 mm. long or shorter; leaves pale beneath, the lateral
nerves mostly obsolete__.._.___--_--- 14. B. chrysantha.
Pedicels 6 to 28 mm. long; leaves subconcolorous, the lateral
NETVeS-EVIGE Miao we Note swe A nl ere 15. B. laevis.
Corolla white or greenish white.
Corolla densely villous Outside... = 222-22 -2..2.5 20" 16. B. villosa.
Corolla glabrous outside.
Corolla tube 2:4 to 3.3 em. long_--_--_---_L.-- 17. B. macrantha.
Corolla tube 1 to 2 em. long.
Leaves, at least part of them, suborbicular, abruptly long or short-
acuminate; pedicels 2 to 8 mm. long; corolla tube 1.8 to 2 cm.
longs... 2220! : BiG Ot & oe BBLS 18. B. heterophylla.
Leaves mostly ovate or lanceolate, not abruptly acuminate;
pedicels 3 mm. long or shorter; corolla tube 1 to 1.5 cm.
No A a a (ot oe) ay A Na lala hg PM lly Seah WE 19. B. multiflora.
Inflorescences many-flowered, compound; corolla tube usually 6 to 11 mm.
long; leaves sometimes palmately nerved.
Leaves 3 or 5-nerved from the base.
Coralia Birteuouses tpt ee eae See 20. B. quinquenervata.
Corolla glabrous. s
TLE PAE TTT e PSEC) FT aa OR I RTA Ce MOLARS ee 21. B. oaxacana.
Ar rS ERE OUS | op ei Soe cee eel ge es 22. B. rekoi.
Leaves pinnately nerved; corolla (so far as known) glabrous.
Leaves puberulent beneath along the veins; calyx lobes 1 to 1.5 mm.
Gn i te oe a Ds ee 23. B. gracilipes.
Leaves glabrous; calyx lobes 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long__24. B. dictyoneura.
Corolla lobes mostly 7 to 25 mm. long, of an oblong or elliptic type, spreading,
narrowed at base; corolla white, the tube often 4 cm. long or longer.
Leaves sessile, broadly ovate; calyx tube prolonged beyond the ovary.
25. B. rosei.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1361
Leaves petiolate; calyx tube not prolonged beyond the ovary.
Corolla more or less villous outside.
Corolla densely villous outside__._._.______________.- 26. B. induta.
Corolla villous only on the upper part of the tube____.27. B. langlassei.
Corolla glabrous outside or pruinose-puberulent.
Leaves linear or lanceolate, 1.5 to 4 mm. wide; corolla pruinose-puberu-
NEF pak SO ae et ay SEIN ER nay Oe ae reese a 28. B. erecta.
Leaves mostly ovate or broadly ovate, more than 5 mm. wide; corolla
glabrous.
Coraliastube:site’s-5 em. Jong =. 2 2 29. B. latifolia.
Corollattube # te/S-5uem. lang=—. 2222 ee 30. B. longifiora.
1. Bouvardia leiantha Benth. Pl. Hartw. 85. 1841.
Chiapas. Guatemala to Costa Rica; type collected near Tejar and Chimal-
tenango, Guatemala.
Shrub; leaves nearly sessile, broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, 3 to 7 cm. long,
acute or acuminate, short-villous or whitish-tomentose beneath; corolla deep red,
the tube 12 to 16 mm. long.
2. Bouvardia bouvardioides (Seem.) Standl. N. Amer. FI. 32: 102. 1921.
Hedyotis bouvardioides Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 296. pl. 64. 1856.
Houstonia bouvardioides Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 60. 1873.
Mountains of Sinaloa, Durango, and Jalisco; type from the Sierra Madre.
Slender shrub, clambering to a height of 3 to 4.5 meters; leaves short-petiolate,
ovate to lanceolate, 6 to 10 cm. long, long-acuminate; inflorescence many-flowered,
6 to 10 em. broad; corolla red, the tube 10 to 15 mm.long. ‘‘Siguapatl’’ (Sinaloa).
3. Bouvardia vimina4lis Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 120. 1853.
Puebla and Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves subsessile, broadly ovate to Jance-oblong,
3 to 5.5 em. long, acuminate; inflorescence dense, many-flowered; corolla red, the
tube 15 to 17 mm. long.
4. Bouvardia scabra Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 427. 1841.
Tepic and Jalisco; type from Tepic.
Plants chiefly or wholly herbaceous, 60 cm. high or less; leaves short-petiolate
or sessile, elliptic-oval to ovate, 3.5 to 7.5 em. long, rounded to acute at apex;
inflorescence dense, 5 to 14 cm. broad; corolla red, the tube 17 to 21 mm. long.
“Doneellita’’ (Loesener).
5. Bouvardia obovata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 385. 1818.
Morelos and Mexico; type collected between Chapultepec and Texcoco,
Mexico.
Plants herbaceous, 1 meter high or less, glabrous or nearly so; leaves short-
petiolate, 5.5 to 12.5 cm. long, obtuse or acute; inflorescence many-flowered,
dense; corolla red, the tube 25 to 33 mm. long.
6. Bouvardia glaberrima Engelm. in Wisliz. Mem. North. Mex. 106. 1849.
Bouvardia ovata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 67. 1853.
Sonora, Chihuahua, and Durango; type from Cosihuiriachic, Chihuahua.
Southern Arizona and New Mexico.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, or often chiefly herbaceous; leaves short-petiolate,
ovate or lanceolate, 2.5 to 10 em. long, acute or acuminate, scaberulous or
glabrous; cymes usually few-flowered; corolla red, the tube 20 to 32 mm. long.
7. Bouvardia scabrida Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 287. 1844.
Bouvardia hypoleuca Benth. Pl. Hartw. 288. 1848.
Jalisco to San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from ravine of Yavezia,
Oaxaca.
1362 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Shrub, 60 cm. high or less, or sometimes herbaceous; leaves nearly sessile,
lanceolate to linear, 1.5 to 6.5 em. long, scabrous above; cymes usually few-
flowered; corolla red, the tube 14 to 20 mm. long.
8. Bouvardia tenuifolia Stand]. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 104. 1921.
Bouvardia endlichii Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 357. 1922.
Sinaloa to Jalisco; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Stems usually simple and herbaceous, glabrous or rarely hirtellous; leaves
subsessile, usually glabrous; cymes few or many-flowered; corolla red, the tube
20 to 25 mm. long. ‘Trompetilla’’ (Durango).
9. Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 98. 1853.
Izora ternifolia Cav. Icon Pl. 4: 3. pl. 305. 1797.
Txora americana Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 3: 4. pl. 257. 1798.
Houstonia coccinea Andr. Bot. Repos. pl. 106. 1800.
Bowvardia triphylla Salisb. Parad. Lond. pl. 88. 1808.
Bouvardia linearis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 383. 1818.
Bouvardia angustifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 8: 384. 1818.
Bouvardia hirtella H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 384. 1818.
Bouvardia jacquini H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 385. 1818.
Bouvardia quaternifolia DC. Prodr. 4: 365. 1830.
Bowvardia splendens Graham in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 3781. 1840.
Bouvardia tolucana Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 427. 1841.
Bouvardia tenuiflora Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 97. 1853.
Bouvardia microphylla Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 112. 1853.
Bowvardia viperalis Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 114. 1853.
Bouvardia houtteana Schlecht.; Planch. Fl. Serr. Jard. 10: 149. 1855.
Hedyotis mexicana Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 15. 1887.
Hedyotis fruticosa Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 22. 1893.
Sonora to Coahuila, Veracruz, and Oaxaca. Western Texas.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less, or sometimes herbaceous; leaves sessile or short-
petiolate, acute to long-attenuate, hirtellous, scabrous, or glabrate; cymes
usually few-flowered; corolla red, the tube 15 to 32 mm. long. ‘‘Trompetilla”’
(Hidalgo, Mexico, Veracruz, Oaxaca); ‘‘tlacoxochitl,”’ ‘“‘tlacosuchil’’ (Nahuatl;
“‘trumpet-flower’’); ‘‘mirto’’ (Coahuila, Durango); ‘‘mirto del campo” (Du-
rango); ‘‘hierba del pasmo”’ (Sinaloa); ‘‘contrayerba”’ (Mexico); ‘‘doncellita’”’
(Oaxaca, Reko); “‘hierba del indio”’ (Sinaloa).
A handsome plant and, like some of the other species, often cultivated. It is
employed locally as a remedy for dysentery and hydrophobia and other affections.
Dr. Reko states that the ancient Mexicans were accustomed to begin the
treatment of a disease by bleeding, which was induced by provoking hemorrhage
from the nose with powder of ‘“cebadilla’’ (Stenanthium frigidum); and to
restrain excessive hemorrhage they used the powdered roots of the tlacoxochitl.
The plant is described and figured by Herndndez.! It is probably also the
one mentioned by Sahagtin under the name tlacoxochitl. The latter author
says: “The flavor of the roots is both bitter and sweetish. They are good for
heat and exhaustion of the heart. Ground with about 15 grains of maize and
as much cacao, and mixed with water, they should be taken several times on an
empty stomach or after meals.”
10. Bouvardia subcordata Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 105. 1921.
Type collected between Rosario and Colomas, Sinaloa.
Shrub; leaves nearly sessile, broadly ovate or rounded-ovate, 2.5 to 4 em. long,
acute or obtuse, villous beneath; corolla red (?), sparsely villous, the tube 3 cm.
long.
1Thesaurus 231. 1651.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1363
11. Bouvardia macilenta Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 58: 65. 1918.
Type from Cerro El Zopilote, Miahuatlin, Oaxaca, altitude 2,100 meters.
Leaves subsessile, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 8 to 11 mm. long, glabrous
beneath except at base of costa; corolla red, 2 em. long, glabrous throughout.
12. Bouvardia versicolor Ker in Lindl. Bot. Reg. 3: pl. 245. 1817.
Bouvardia bicolor Kunze, Linnaea 20: 24. 1847.
Guanajuato and Michoacan to Oaxaca; described from cultivated plants.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, mostly ovate, 2 to 8 em
long, acute or acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, scaberulous or hirsutulous ;
corolla red or yellow, glabrous outside, the tube 22 to 34 mm. long.
13. Bouvardia conzattii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 92. 1903.
Michoacan to Oaxaca; type from Oaxaca.
Shrub; leaves subsessile, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, acute or
attenuate, puberulent beneath along the nerves; corolla red or yellowish red,
glabrous outside.
14. Bouvardia chrysantha Mart. Del. Sem. Hort. Monac. 4. 1848.
?Bouvardia quinqueflora Dehnh.; Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 92. 1853.
Bouvardia myrtifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 121. 1853.
Jalisco and Colima to Morelos; type from Santiaguillo, Mexico.
Shrub, 1 meter high or less; leaves sessile or subsessile, lance-oblong to broadly
ovate, 1 to 4 em. long, acute or obtuse, glahrous or sparsely villosulous beneath;
corolla yellow, glabrous outside, the tube 2.5 cm. long.
15. Bouvardia laevis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 236. 1844.
Bouwvardia flava Decaisne, FI. Serr. Jard. 1: 215. 1845.
Bowvardia mollis Linden; Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 55. 1853.
Mountains of Hidalgo and Veracruz; type collected near Zacuapan, Veracruz,
altitude, 900 meters.
Shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves short-peticiate, ovate or lance-ovate, 4 to
10.5 em. long, acute or long-acuminate, glabrous or nearly so; corolla red or
yellow, glabrous outside, the tube 25 to 32 mm. long.
16. Bouvardia villosa Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 107. 1921.
Type from Alturas de Matatlin, Oaxaca, altitude 1,800 meters.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oval to elliptic-oblong, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, obtuse
or short-acuminate, whitish-villous beneath; corolla tube 17 to 20 mm. long.
17. Bouvardia macrantha Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 107. 1921.
Jalisco to Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tlacuilotepec, Puebla, altitude 2,100
meters.
Erect shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 1 to 3 cm. long)
obtuse to acuminate, rounded to acutish at base, sparsely scaberulous or villo-
sulous beneath.
18. Bouvardia heterophylla Stand]. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 107. 1921.
Jalisco. Guatemala; type from Santa Rosa.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, 2 to 4 em. long, acuminate, obtuse to truncate
at base, glabrous above, glabrous beneath, or sparsely puberulent along the
nerves.
19. Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. in Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 3: 118.
1818.
Aeginetia multiflora Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. (Madrid) 3: 130. 1801.
Bouvardia triflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 386. 1818.
Bowvardia cavanillesii DC. Prodr. 4: 366. 1830.
Anotis longiflora Benth. Pl. Hartw. 23. 1839.
?Bouvardia schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 123. 1853.
1364 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Houstonia triflora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 4: 314. 1860.
Bouvardia gracilis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 306. 1887.
Bowvardia versicolor graciliflora A. Gray in 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 416.
1887.
Chihuahua to Jalisco, Guerrero, and Puebla.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, 1.5 to 5 cm. long, obtuse or acute
at base, finely puberulent or scaberulous; capsule 4 to 6 mm. broad.
20. Bouvardia quinquenervata Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 108. 1921.
Chiapas; type from San Bartolomé.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, rounded-deltoid to ovate or lanceolate, 3.5 to
5.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, obscurely puberulent along the nerves; corolla
tube 6 to 8 mm. long.
21. Bouvardia oaxacana Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 7. 1923.
Type collected between Santa Cruz and El Aguacate, Distrito de Juquilla,
Oaxaca.
Leaves short-petiolate, ovate or broadly ovate, 4 to 6 cm. long, acuminate,
broadly rounded at base, sparsely puberulent or glabrate, conspicuously 5-nerved;
corolla red, the tube about 17 mm. long, the oblong lobes 5 mm. long.
22. Bouvardia rekoi Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 108. 1921.
Type from Cafetal Montecristo, Cerro Espino, Oaxaca, altitude 1,000 meters.
Slender shrub; leaves subsessile, lanceolate or ovate, 3 to 6.5 em. long, acumi-
nate, glabrous; corolla tube 14 mm. long.
23. Bouvardia gracilipes Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 404. 1910.
Type from Tepic.
Slender shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or lance-oblong, 3.5 to 6.5 cm.
long, acuminate, rounded at base; capsule 4 to 6 mm. broad.
24. Bouvardia dictyoneura Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 109. 1921.
Chiapas; type from Chicharras.
Slender shrub; leaves sessile or subsessile, lanceolate or lance-ovate, 3 to 9 cm.
long, long-acuminate, rounded at base; corolla tube 11 mm. long.
25. Bouvardia rosei Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 109. 1921.
Type from the Sierra Madre of Durango.
Shrub; leaves 2 to 3.5 em. long, obtuse to short-acuminate, glabrous beneath;
cymes mostly 3 or 5-flowered; corolla white, glabrous, the tube 4.5 to 6 cm. long.
26. Bouvardia induta (Robinson) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 109. 1921.
Bouvardia longiflora induta Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 404. 1910.
Chiapas.
Shrub, about 40 em. high; leaves ovate or lance-ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, acute
or acuminate, villous-tomentose beneath; cymes mostly 3-flowered; corolla tube
4 to 5 cm. long.
27. Bouvardia langlassei Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 110. 1921.
Guerrero and Puebla; type from Testla (Guerrero 7), altitude 1,500 meters.
Shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves ovate or lanceolate, 2 to 4 cm. long, obtuse
to acuminate, hirtellous or villosulous beneath; flowers terminal, solitary;
corolla white, the tube 4.5 to 5.5 cm. long.
28. Bouvardia erecta (DC.) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 110. 1921.
Catesbaea erecta DC. Prodr. 4: 401. 1830.
Hedyotis spinescens Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. 22. 1893.
Bouvardia flos-johannis Schum. Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 621. 1895.
Bouwvardia flos-johannis latifolia Loesener, Repert, Sp. Nov. Fedde. 18: 358.
1922.
Puebla; type from Tehuacdan.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1365
Low shrub with stout spreading branches; leaves 5 to 16 mm. long, acute,
scaberulous or glabrate; cymes mol 3- fonpred: corolla white, the tube 2 to
5.5 em. long. ‘‘Hierba de San Juan.”
29. Bouvardia latifolia Stand]. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 111. 1921.
Type from Monte de la Piedra, near Aguila, Guerrero, altitude 450 meters.
Shrub, 1.5 meters high; leaves broadly ovate, 2.5 to 4 em. long, acute or
acutish, finely puberulent beneath along the nerves or glabrous; corolla white.
30. Bouvardia longiflora (Cav.) H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 386. 1820.
Aeginetia longiflora Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. (Madrid) 3: 130. 1801.
Houstonia longiflora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 4: 314. 1860.
Bouwvardia purpusti T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 415. 1924.
San Luis Potosi to Michoacdin and Oaxaca; type material from Querétaro and
Guanajuato.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves ovate or lanceolate, 2 to 4.5 em. long,
acute or acuminate, glabrous; flowers solitary, terminal and axillary; corolla
white; capsule 8 mm. in diameter. ‘‘Flor de San Juan”’ (Querétaro, Hidalgo,
Oaxaca); ‘“‘rosa de San Juan” (Mexico).
The flowers are very fragrant. They are used for scenting ointments and
similar preparations.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
BovuvarpiA corpiFoLIiA DC. Prodr. 4: 366. 1830. Type from somewhere
in Mexico.
BovuVARDIA ROSEA Schlecht. Linnaea 26: 116. 1853. Type from San José
de Oro.
BovuVARDIA XYLOSTEOIDES Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 428. 1841. Type
from Oaxaca. Probably not of this genus.
12. CALYCOPHYLLUM DC. Prodr. 4: 367. 1830.
1. Calycophyllum candidissimum (Vahl) DC. Prodr. 4: 367. 1830.
Macrocnemum candidissimum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 38. 1791.
Guerrero to Chiapas and Campeche. Guatemala to Colombia; Cuba; type
from Santa Marta, Colombia.
Tree, 5 to 20 meters high, the trunk sometimes 60 cm. in diameter; bark
reddish gray, scaly or furrowed; leaves petiolate, rounded-oval to ovate, 4 to
13 em. long, abruptly acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, glabrous or nearly so;
flowers in terminal corymbs; calyx cylindric, the limb truncate, or often expanded
into a large white slender-petiolate blade 1 to 3.5 cm. wide; corolla white, short-
funnelform, the tube 3 mm. long, the 6 to 8 lobes slightly longer; capsule oblong-
cylindric, 6 to 10 mm. long; seeds numerous, winged at each end; wood hard,
heavy, very strong, fine-grained, durable, taking a good polish. ‘‘Camarén,”
“palo camarén”’ (Oaxaca); ‘‘dagame”’ (Cuba); ‘“‘salamo”’ (Costa Rica, Guate-
mala, El Salvador); ‘‘alazano,” ‘‘guayabo alazano,” “harino”’ (Panama);
‘“‘madrofio”’ (Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica); “‘solano’’ (Honduras).
The wood is useful for carpentry and cabinet work. It is reported to have a
specific gravity of about 1.02. It is very fine-grained, and for that reason is
employed in Central America for making fine-toothed combs. When in flower
the tree is a very handsome one, being almost completely covered with the showy
white bracts, which persist for a long time.
13. EXOSTEMA L. Rich.; Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 131. 1808.
REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. FI. 32: 117-126. 1921.
Shrubs or trees; flowers small or large, axillary and solitary or in terminal
corymbs or panicles; calyx tube cylindric or obovoid, the limb 5-lobate; corolla
tube usually long and slender, the limb 5-lobate; capsule 2-celled, septicidally
bivalvate; seeds numerous, winged.
1366 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Stamens included; corolla lobes short, rounded___-_.----------- 1. E. coulteri.
Stamens exserted; corolla lobes linear or oblong.
Flowers solitary in the leaf axils; corolla tube 3 to 5 cm. long..2. E. caribaeum.
Flowers in terminal many-flowered cymes; corolla tube 6 to 10 mm. long.
Corlla tube 8 to 10 mm. long; calyx sparsely puberulent.
3. E. mexicanum.
Corolla tube 6 mm. long; calyx densely puberulent__------- 4. E. indutum.
1. Exostema coulteri Hook. f.; Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 32. 1879.
Type from Zimapdn, Hidalgo.
Glabrous shrub; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, 5 to 6 cm. long, acuminate,
cuneate at base, coriaceous; flowers in terminal few-flowered corymbose cymes;
corolla 12 to 16 mm. long; capsule 4 to 6 mm. long.
2. Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 19. 1819.
Cinchona caribaea Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 16. 1760.
San Luis Potos{ to Colima, Guerrero, and Yucatdin. Southern Florida; West
Indies and Central America.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate to elliptic-
oblong, 5 to 11 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, barbate beneath
in the axils of the nerves, elsewhere glabrous; flowers pedicellate; corolla white,
the lobes linear, recurved, about as long as the tube; capsule 1 to 1.5 em. long;
wood hard, strong, close-grained, brown with yellow streaks, its specific gravity
about 0.93. ‘‘Sabac-ché” (Yucatan, Maya); ‘“‘falsa quina”’ (Ramirez); ‘‘cuero de
sapo,”’ ‘‘lechesillo’”’ (Porto Rico) ; ‘‘macagua de costa,”’ “cerillo,’’ “‘cera amarilla’”
(Cuba).
Known in the Bahamas as “princewood.’’ The wood is reported to be useful
for cabinet work and turning, and is sometimes employed for torches. In former
times the bark was much used as a febrifuge in place of Cinchona bark. It is
said also to have emetic properties.
8. Exostema mexicanum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 180. 1861.
San Luis Potos{ and Veracruz; type collected near Tantoyuca, Veracruz.
Small tree; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or oval, 4.5 to 15 cm. long, abruptly
acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base; barbate beneath along the costa, elsewhere
glabrous; corolla sparsely villosulous, the lobes 1 cm. long.
4. Exostema indutum Standl. N. Amer. FI]. 32: 126. 1921.
Type from Oaxaca.
Leaves short-petiolate, ovate or elliptic-oblong, 5.5 to 9 cm. long, abruptly
acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, appressed-pilose or glabrate beneath; corolla
yellow, puberulent or pilosulous, the lobes 7 to 9 mm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
EXOSTEMA CANESCENS Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 359. 1830. Type from some-
where in Mexico. Probably not of this genus.
14. COUTAREA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 314. 1775.
REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 126-128. 1921.
Trees or shrubs; leaves petiolate; flowers large, terminal or axillary, solitary
or cymose; calyx tube obovoid-turbinate, the limb 5 to 8-lobate; corolla funnel-
form-campanulate, more or less oblique, the tube often curved and ventricose,
the limb 5 to 8-lobate, the lobes short, plicate-imbricate or contorted; capsule
more or less obcompressed, 2-celled, loculicidally bivalvate; seeds numerous,
broadly winged.
Corolla 8-lobate, symmetric; calyx lobes usually 8. Capsule only slightly
compressed; pedicels ebracteolate ______-._-------------- 1. C. octomera.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1367
Corolla 6-lobate; calyx lobes 6.
Corolla symmetric or nearly so, the tube not gibbous; capsule only slightly
compressed; flowers solitary; stamens equaling or usually shorter than
the corolla.
Pedicels ebracteolate; calyx lobes 6 to 10 mm. long; corolla lobes 6 to 10
mm. long, often half as long as the tube___---__-_____- 2. C. latiflora.
Pedicels bracteolate; calyx lobes 10 to 20 mm. long; corolla lobes about
one-fourth as long as the tube.
Capsule 2 to 3 em. long; corolla 6 to 8 em. long; leaves mostly ovate or
Mai ee aan Pegs ee he i LS ts Le 3. C. pterosperma.
Capsule 1.2 to 1.4 cm. long; corolla about 10 em. long; leaves narrowly
lance-oblong™ ai is eas 2 Oak a MEd 2 Se 4. C. lumaeana.
Corolla asymmetric, the tube gibbous; capsule strongly compressed; flowers
mostly in 3-flowered cymes; stamens longer than the corolla.
5. C. hexandra.
1. Coutarea octomera Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 4: 101. 1886.
Coutarea acamptoclada Robins. & Millsp. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 36: Beibl. 80:
28. 1905.
Yucatan; type from Cozumel Island.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oval, rhombic-ovate, or oval-oblong, 1.5 to 5
cm. long, obtuse, cuneate or obtuse at base, glabrous or nearly so; corolla greenish
yellow, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, glabrous; capsule 1.5 cm. long.
2. Coutarea latiflora Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 4: 350. 1830.
Southwestern Chihuahua to Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Puebla. Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree, 5 meters high or less; leaves petiolate, ovate or oval to
oblong, 4 to 12 em. long, obtuse or acuminate, rounded to acute at base, tomentose
or pilose beneath or finally glabrate; flowers fragrant; corolla white, 5 to 7 cm.
long, glabrous or pilose outside; capsule 2 em. long, brown. ‘“‘Quina”’ (Oaxaca,
Guerrero); “‘copalchi’’ (Oaxaca); “‘falsa quina’’ (Michoacdin, Ramirez); ‘‘cam-
panilla”’ (Jalisco, Oliva); ‘“‘palo amargo”’ (Sinaloa).
The bark is employed as a febrifuge.
8. Coutarea pterosperma (S. Wats.) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 127. 1921.
Portlandia pterosperma 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 52. 1889.
Sonora and Chihuahua to Colima; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrub or tree 1 to 15 meters high, the trunk 50 em. or less in diameter; leaves
slender-petiolate, ovate to oval or ovate-oblong, 4 to 10 cm. long, obtuse to
short-acuminate, rounded to subacute at base, short-pilose or glabrous beneath,
often barbate along the costa; corolla white, green when dry; capsule brown,
oval, 6-costate. ‘“‘Copalchi” (Colima): ‘“‘palo amargo,”’ “copalquin,”’ “ca-
parche”’ (Sinaloa).
The bark is employed for fevers, especially for malaria, and also for affections
of the lungs.
4. Coutarea lumaeana Baill. Adansonia 12: 301. 1879.
Veracruz. Guatemala; type from mountains of western Guatemala.
Glabrous shrub; leaves short-petiolate, narrowly lance-oblong, 8 to 11.5 cm.
long, acuminate, obtuse to acuminate at base; corolla white; capsule oval-
globose, 6-costate.
5. Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6° °196. 1889.
Portlandia hexandra Jacq. Enum. Pl, Carib. 16. 1760.
Coutarea speciosa Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 314. pl. 122. 1775.
Coutarea flavescens Moe. & Sessé; DC. Prodr, 4: 350. 1830.
Oaxaca and Chiapas. Central and South America; type from Cartagena,
Colombia.
*
1368 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 5 meters high or more; leaves petiolate, ovate
or elliptic-ovate, 5 to 12 cm. long, usually cuspidate-acuminate, rounded to
acute at base, glabrous or short-pilose beneath; corolla white or yellowish,
tinged below with purple; capsule 2 cm. long, dark brown. ‘‘Arbol de San
Silvestre’? (Nicaragua): ‘‘quina,’’ ‘‘quinita,’ “‘quina blanca,” ‘‘zalas” (El
Salvador).
The bark is bitter and astringent, with properties similar to those of Cinchona
bark, although less active. It was formerly much employed in medicine, being
29)
known as “quinquina de Cumand” and ‘“‘quinquina de Cartagena.”
15. CEPHALANTHUS L. Sp. Pl. 95. 1753.
REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 129-130. 1921.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite or verticillate, short-petiolate; flowers
small, white or yellow, sessile in dense globose heads; calyx 4 or 5-dentate, often
glanduliferous; corolla tubular-funnelform, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, often with
glands in the sinuses; fruit turbinate, 2 to 4-celled, the cells indehiscent, 1-seeded;
seeds with a white aril at apex.
Calyx glabrous outside, or the tube with a few long white hairs at base.
1. C. occidentalis.
Calyx densely appressed-pubescent--..__-....-.-.---------- 2. C. salicifolius.
1. Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Sp. Pl. 95. 1753.
Cephalanthus berlandiert Wernham, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 55: 175. 1917.
Chihuahua to Veracruz and Guerrero; reported from Tabasco. United States;
Cuba; southern Asia.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 15 meters high; leaves opposite or ternate,
ovate to narrowly lanceolate, 6 to 19 em. long, acuminate, rounded to acute at
base, glabrous or pilose beneath; heads 6 to 12 mm. in diameter, long-peduncu-
late, axillary and terminal; corolla 5 to 9 mm. long; capsule 4 to 8 mm. long;
wood light, rather hard and close-grained, pinkish brown. ‘Jazmin’ (Michoa-
c4n, Guerrero); ‘“‘uvero”’ (Tabasco, Rovirosa).
Known in the United States as ‘‘buttonbush.’’ The bark is bitter, with tonic
and laxative properties, and has been employed for periodic fevers. A poisonous
principle, cephalanthin, which destroys the blood corpuscles and causes violent
vomiting, convulsions, and paralysis, has been separated from it. The bark has
been used also for palsy, coughs, and venereal and cutaneous diseases. The plant
is said to yield a yellow dye.
2. Cephalanthus salicifolius Humb. & Bonpl. PI. Aequin. 2: 63. 1809.
Cephalanthus occidentalis salicifolius A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 29. 1878.
Cephalanthus peroblongus Wernham, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 55: 176. 1917.
Sonora to Guerrero, Morelos, and Tamaulipas; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Honduras.
Shrub or small tree; leaves elliptic-oblong to linear-lanceolate, 5 to 12 cm.
long, rounded to attenuate at apex, acute to subcordate at base, glabrous or
nearly so; heads 6 to 8 mm. long, long-pedunculate; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long;
capsule 4 to 5 mm. long. ‘‘Mimbre”’ (Sinaloa); ‘‘botoncillo”’ (Honduras) ;
“jazmin blanco” (Nayarit).
16. DUGGENA Vahl; West, Bidr. Beskr. St. Croix 269. 1793.
. REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 133-137. 1921.
1. Duggena panamensis (Cav.) Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 18: 126. 1916.
Buena panamensis Cav. Anal. Hist. Nat. (Madrid) 2: 279. 1800.
Gonzalea panamensis Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 417. 1825.
Gonzalagunia panamensis Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 68: 292. 1889.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1369
Michoacan to Oaxaca and Veracruz. Cuba; Central America and Colombia;
type from Ancén Hill, Panama.
Slender shrub, 3 meters high or less; leaves petiolate, ovate or lanceolate,
7 to 14 cm. long, acuminate, acute, or obtuse at base, pilose or glabrate beneath;
inflorescence dense, spikelike, 8 to 24 em. long; calyx 4-lobate; corolla white,
salverform, 10 to 17 mm. long, the tube slender, glabrous or sparsely pilose;
fruit globose, tetracoccous, 3 to 4 mm. broad, fleshy at maturity and black; seeds
numerous, minute.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
DUGGENA NIVEA (Bartl.) Standl. Contr. U. S.. Nat. Herb. 18: 125. 1916.
Gonzalea nivea Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 436. 1830. Described from Mexico.
Probably a species of Rondeletia.
GONZALAGUNIA PARVIFLORA Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 6: 414. 1831. Type
from Cuesta Grande de Jalacingo, Veracruz.
GONZALEA SECUNDA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 235. 1844. Type
from Jalapa, Veracruz. Probably a synonym of Duggena panamensis.
17. ISERTIA Schreb. Gen. Pl. 1: 234. 1789.
1. Isertia haenkeana DC. Prodr. 4: 437. 1830.
Described originally from Mexico, but the species has not been collected recently
in Mexico, and the locality may have been given incorrectly. Guatemala to
Colombia: Cuba.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, obovate or oblong-obovate,
20 to 45 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base, densely short-pilose or glabrate
beneath; inflorescence cymose-paniculate, 7 to 20 cm. long; calyx shallowly 4 to
6-dentate; corolla tubular-funnelform, yellow or orange-red, 2 to 3.5 em. long,
the lobes short; fruit baccate, purplish, depressed-globose, 5 to 6 mm. broad;
seeds minute, numerous. ‘‘Canelito”’ (Panama).
18. PLOCANIOPHYLLON. T.S. Brandeg. Univ Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 69. 1914.
A single species is known.
1. Plocaniophyllon flavum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 69. 1914.
Type from Finca Mexiquito, Chiapas.
Slender glabrous shrub; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic to lance-oblong, 2.5 to
5 cm. long, acute to long-acuminate, acute at base, thin, conspicuously lineolate;
flowers yellow, in simple secund racemes; calyx 4-lobate; corolla salverform, the
tube 2.5 mm. long, the lobes 3 to 4 mm. long, narrowly oblong, acute; fruit fleshy
(?), oblong-turbinate, 6 mm. long; seeds numerous, minute.
19. SOMMERA Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 602. 1834.
REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 143-145. 1921.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves petiolate, thin, with numerous fine parallel nerves
between the veins; flowers white, in axillary pedunculate cymes, corymbs, or ra-
cemes; calyx 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes somewhat foliaceous; corolla funnelform or
subcampanulate, sericeous outside, the 4 or 5 lobes valvate; fruit baccate, 2-celled;
seeds numerous, minute.
Leaves quite glabrous on the upper surface; branchlets glabrous or nearly so.
Calyx lobes lanceolate or lance-oblong, acuminate; cymes mostly 3-flowered.
Leaves acute ati base see 4. oie’ cote eeet eps ak ik opts (aes 1. S. arborescens.
Calyx lobes oval or suborbicular, rounded at apex; inflorescence with more
than 3 flowers.
Inflorescence racemose; leaves acute at base______------- 2. S. chiapensis.
Inflorescence cymose-corymbose; leaves obtuse to subcordate at base.
3. S. subcordata.
1370 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves sparsely or densely pilose on the upper surface; branchlets pilose.
4. S. grandis.
1. Sommera arborescens Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 602. 1834.
Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna.
Leaves obovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, 10 to 25 em. long, acuminate, serice-
ous beneath along the nerves; calyx lobes 5 to 9 mm. long; fruit oval, 12 to 14 mm.
long.
2. Sommera chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 196. 1915.
Type from Finca Irlanda, Chiapas.
Leaves obovate or obovate-oblong, 12 to 27 cm. long, abruptly acuminate,
densely sericeous beneath when young, later glabrate.
3. Sommera subcordata Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 144. 1921.
Sinaloa; type from Colomas.
Shrub or small tree, 6 meters high or less; leaves oval-obovate or oval-elliptic,
12 to 30 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, sparsely setose-pilose beneath.
4. Sommera grandis (Bartl.) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 145. 1921.
Petesia grandis Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 395. 1830.
Sommera mesochora Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 437. 1914.
Michoacdn and Colima. Guatemala to Panama.
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 8 meters high; leaves obovate to oval, 10 to
22 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, rounded to attenuate at base, appressed-pilose
beneath; inflorescence cymose-corymbose, usually many-flowered; corolla white,
5 to 8 mm. long.
20. SABICEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 192. 1775.
REFERENCES: Wernham, A monograph of the genus Sabicea, 1914; Standley,
N. Amer. Fl. 32: 148-150. 1921.
Shrubs, usually scandent; flowers small, capitate or cymose, axillary; calyx
tube subglobose, the limb 3 to 6-lobate, the lobes narrow, persistent; corolla
funnelform or salverform, the throat villous, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes
short, valvate; fruit baccate, 2 to 5-celled; seeds numerous, minute.
Inflorescence lax at maturity, the flowers pedicellate________ 1. S. mexicana.
Inflorescence dense, the flowers sessile.
Stipules broadly ovate, 5 to 10 mm. long; leaves hirsute or strigose.
2. S. hirsuta.
Stipules setaceous, 2 to 3 mm. long; leaves puberulent or glabrate.
3. S. flagenioides.
1. Sabicea mexicana Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 41. 1914.
Oaxaca.
Branches pilose with subappressed hairs; leaves petiolate, lance-oblong to
ovate, 8 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, obtuse or acute at base, hirsute; calyx lobes
6 to 10 mm. long; corolla white, strigose, the tube 10 to 12 mm. long.
Reported by Hemsley as S. glabrescens Benth.
2. Sabicea hirsuta H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 417. 1820.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Central and South America; type from the Orinoco
River.
Branches hirsute or pilose; leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong, 5 to 12 em. long,
acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base; calyx lobes 2 to 4 mm. long; corolla white,
hirsute or strigose, the tube 6 mm. long; fruit 1 cm. in diameter.
Reported by Hemsley as S. hirta Swartz.
3. Sabicea flagenioides Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 57. 1914.
Type from Chichankanab, Yucatan.
Branches tomentulose when young; leaves lanceolate, 5 cm. long, aeuminate;
calyx lobes 4.5 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1371
21. POSOQUERIA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 133. 1775.
1. Posoqueria latifolia (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 227. 1819.
Tocoyena latifolia Lam. Tabl. Encycl. 2: 259. 1793.
Posoqueria coriacea Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 240. 1844.
Oaxaca; reported from Tabasco. Central and South America; Cuba (?).
Glabrous tree, sometimes 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oval to oblong,
8 to 25 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at base, coriaceous;
flowers white, in terminal corymbs; calyx with 5 short rounded lobes; corolla
salverform, the slender tube 12 to 16.5 cm. long, the 5 lobes oblong, 1.5 to 2.5
em. long, obtuse; fruit baccate, globose, 4 to 5 cm. in diameter, yellow; seeds
numerous, irregularly angulate, black, about lem. long. ‘‘ Palo de peine blanco”’
(Tabasco ?); “‘jazmin de drbol” (Nicaragua); ‘‘boca vieja” (Panama); “guayaba
de mico”’ (Costa Rica); “‘fruta de murciélago,” ‘“fruta de mono,” ‘huevo de
mono” (Panama)..
The fruit is sometimes eaten, but its flavor is poor.
22. GENIPA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 931. 1759.
REFERENCE: Standley, N. Amer. Fl. 82: 155-157. 1921.
1. Genipa americana L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 931. 1759.
Genipa caruto H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 407. 1818.
Gentpa americana caruto Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 6°: 352. 1889.
Guerrero to Chiapas. West Indies; Central and South America.
Tree, sometimes 15 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, obovate to oblong,
14 to 35 cm. long, acute or obtuse, attenuate to base, pubescent or glabrous
beneath; flowers in few-flowered, axillary or terminal cymes; calyx truncate or
shallowly crenate; corolla salverform, yellowish white, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, the
5 or 6 lobes longer than the tube; fruit baccate, subglobose, 6 to 7 cm. in diameter;
seeds numerous, compressed, 6 to 12 mm. long, dark brown. ‘“‘ Maluco”’ (Oaxaca) ;
“jagua blanea,” “jagua azul’’ (Tabasco) ; ‘‘jagua”’ (Oaxaca, Tabasco, Veracruz,
Panama, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Cuba, Porto Rico); “‘caruto’”’ (Venezuela);
“irayol”’ (Guatemala, El Salvador); ‘‘tapaculo,” “yigualti,” “gigualti’’ (Nica-
ragua); ‘“‘tifie-dientes”’ (El Salvador).
The typical form of the species is glabrous. The form occurring in Mexico is
G. americana caruto, which is distinguished by its copious pubescence.
The wood is said to be soft but strong and resistant, flexible, fibrous, whitish
tinged with gray; its specific gravity is reported as ranging from 0.73 to 0.87.
It is used for carts, gun-stocks, axe handles, and other articles. The bark is
said to be rich in tannin and it has been employed for tanning. A gum is pro-
duced from incisions in the trunk. The leaves are eaten by cattle.
The fruit is brown or green tinged with brown, with a leathery skin and scant
acid pulp. The copious juice colors everything it touches brownish or blackish
violet. The pulp is eaten by domestic animals and also by human beings, and
is used in the preparation of a refreshing drink, and has been fermented to
produce an alcoholic beverage. The juice was much used by the early inhabit-
ants of tropical America for coloring cloth and utensils and for painting the
skin. A decoction of the roots was formerly employed in the West Indies as a
remedy for gonorrhoea, and in El Salvador the fruit is considered a remedy for
jaundice.
The earliest account of the tree is that of Oviedo (Lib. VIII, Cap V), who
speaks of it as follows: ‘‘The Xagua is a handsome large tree, and I have seen
made of it fine lance handles, as long and thick as were wanted; it is a heavier
wood than ash, and very common in Hispaniola and other islands and in the
Spanish Main. They are high straight trees like the ashes, beautiful to see, and
the handles made from them are of pretty complexion, and in color pale brown
1372 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
totawny. In Hispaniola, although there are some of these trees, they are neither
sO numerous nor so well suited as in Tierra-Firme, in the Province of Cueva or of
Castilla del Oro, for the making of lances. They produce a fruit as large as a
poppy pod, and very similar except in the crown, which the Xagua does not have.
It is good to eat when ripe and seasoned; from it is obtained a clear juice with
which the Indians bathe their limbs and sometimes the whole body, when tired.
And also for their pleasure they paint themselves with the juice, which, aside
from being astringent, turns everything it touches as black as fine and polished
jet, or even blacker; and this dye can not be removed for 15 or 20 days or more;
and often the nails are black until they are renewed if they are wet in the juice;
all of which I have seen many times. * * * They are accustomed to play a
joke upon the women, wetting them carelessly with Xagua juice mixed with
other scented ones; and after a little there come out spots over their bodies,
and the women, not knowing the cause of the spots, are frightened into seeking
a remedy for them; and the remedies are harmful, and likely to burn or blister
the face and body where the spots are but not to remove them until the passage
of the 20 days, as I have said above, when little by little the dye disappears.
When the Indians of Tierra-Firme prepare for battle, they paint their bodies
with Xagua and with Biza, which is a red dye. And the Indian women also
when they wish to appear well decorate themselves with one or both colors;
but to my eyes they appear little better than devils when they are thus adorned.”
23. ALIBERTIA A. Rich.; DC. Prodr. 4: 443. 1830.
1. Alibertia edulis (L. Rich.) A. Rich.; DC. Prodr. 4: 4438. 1830.
Genipa edulis L. Rich. Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 107. 1792.
Cordiera edulis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 279. 1891.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; reported from Tabasco. Central and South America;
Cuba and Martinique; type from French Guiana.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong to
oval-ovate, 6 to 20 cm. long, usually short-acuminate, acute to rounded at base,
coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so; flowers white, dioecious, terminal, sessile; calyx
denticulate; corolla salverform, 2 to 3 cm. long, sericeous, the 4 or 5 lobes acumi-
nate; fruit baccate, globose, about 2.5 cm. in diameter, yellowish, containing 2
or more cells; seeds numerous, compressed, 5 mm. broad, brownish. ‘‘Costar-
rica’’ (Tabasco, Ramirez); ‘“‘madrofio de comer’ (Costa Rica); ‘‘perita’’ (Co-
lombia); ‘‘pitajoni,’’ ‘‘pitajoni hembra’? (Cuba); ‘“‘torolillo’’ (El Salvador);
“trompo,” ‘‘trompito,’”’ ‘‘madrofio” (Panama); ‘‘guayaba del monte’’ (Guate-
mala).
The fruit is edible but not agreeable in flavor.
24. RANDIA L. Sp. Pl. 1192. 1753.
Trees or shrubs, usually armed with spines; flowers small or large, perfect or
dioecious, solitary or fasciculate, axillary or terminal, usually white or yellowish;
calyx lobate or truncate; corolla funnelform or salverform, the tube short or
elongate; fruit baccate, 2-celled; seeds few or numerous, immersed in pulp, usually
horizontal, compressed.
Flowers and fruit large; corolla 2.5 to 14 em. iong; fruit 3 to 9 cm. long, rarely
only 2 em. long (probably immature).
Fruit covered with long spinelike tubercles___.__-__-__~-~- 1. R. echinocarpa.
Fruit smooth.
Plants@unarmed sat! jaa yet tO) EE el es Se see 2. R. laevigata.
Plants armed with spines.
Corolla glabrous outside; leaves glabrous beneath or pubescent along the
veins; flowers often pedicellate.
Tube of the corolla about as long as the lobes; leaves glabrous beneath.
3. R. longiloba.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1373
Tube of the corolla about twice as long as the lobes; leaves appressed-
pilose beneath, at least along the costa____________ 4. R. armata.
Corolla pubescent outside; leaves usually pubescent beneath over the
whole surface; flowers sessile.
Corolla lobes rhombic-obovate; leaves abruptly attentuate to the base.
5. R. tetracantha.
Corolla lobes never obovate; leaves not abruptly attenuate to the base.
Lower surface of leaves not tomentose___________ 6. R. albonervia.
Lower surface of leaves densely tomentose, at least. when young.
Corolla tube 5-5 to Gem. long- 5-27 Sob Oe eT 7. R. cinerea.
Corolla tube 1.5 to 2 em. long.
Spines in pairs; leaves 3.5 cm. long or less, rounded at apex.
8. R. nelsonii.
Spines mostly in 4’s; leaves usually more than 3.5 em. long,
sometimes acute.
Corolla tube 1.5 cm. long; leaves mostly acute or acutish,
OS lore CM WIG se ee Se ee 9. R. purpusii.
Corolla tube 2 em. long; leaves mostly rounded at apex, 1.5
COR(OICIM es WiGere ss Sa ae oo ee eee. 10. R. watsoni.
Flowers and fruit small; corolla 0.4 to 2 em. long; fruit usually 0.6 to 2 cm. long,
rarely slightly larger.
Plants unarmed. ,
Corolla glabrous outside; leaves sessile__-_-__-_-
Corolla pubescent; leaves petiolate___..._____________-
Plants armed with spines.
Throat of the corolla densely white-barbate.
Pericarp thin, black, lustrous, succulent_______-_-_-_-
Pericarp thick and hard, never black or succulent.
Fruit 1.6 to 2.5 em. in diameter; leaves mostly orbicular-spatulate.
26. R. thurberi.
Fruit 0.6 to 1.3 em. in diameter; leaves not orbicular-spatulate.
Spines scattered in pairs along the branches. Fruit 6 to 8 mm. in
diameterspseeds\2 to) 4G. sa weed 25. R. obcordata.
Spines mostly in pairs at the ends of the branchlets___14. R. mitis.
Throat of the corolla naked, sometimes sparsely pilosulous but never white-
barbate.
Malycirumcate: 2.2. 1420p sak oo Ra es
Calyx lobate.
Pericarp thin, black, lustrous, succulent___------- 13. R. rhagocarpa.
Pericarp thick and hard, never black and lustrous.
Spines all or mostly in pairs at the ends of the branchlets.
Fruit and calyx tube densely pilose with spreading hairs.
16. R. malacocarpa.
Fruit and calyx tube glabrous or appressed-pilose.
Leaves densely puberulent beneath____---__---- 17. R. induta.
Leaves glabrous beneath or puberulent only along the costa.
Corolla 14 to 20 mm. long; fruit 2 to 2.5 cm. long.
18. R. xalapensis.
Corolla 6 to 12 mm. long; fruit 0.7 to 2 cm. long.
Corolla 6 to 7 mm. long; flowers solitary.
19. R. chiapensis.
Corolla 7 to 11 mm. long; flowers often clustered.
20. R. laetevirens.
11. R. blepharophylia.
12. R. pringlei.
13. R. rhagocarpa.
15. R. truncata.
1374 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Spines scattered in pairs along the branches.
Leaves densely long-pilose; corolla pilose outside.
21. R. canescens.
Leaves glabrous or sparsely short-pilose; corolla (so far as known)
glabrous outside.
Lateral nerves of the leaves 5 or 6 on each side, conspicuous.
Leaves pilose beneath along the costa; corolla 18 to 20 mm.
long eta ae eh ee a Ss Oho a Rs aon 22. R. rosei.
Lateral nerves 2 to 4 on each side, inconspicuous.
Branches whitish; calyx 1 to 1.5mm.long. Corolla 5to6mm.
longs Se 22 Ba ae ae re art 23. R. gaumeri.
Branches brown or grayish; calyx 2 to 3 mm. long.
Calyx lobes long-ciliate; flowers clustered.
24. R. blepharodes.
Calyx lobes obscurely ciliolate or naked; flowers solitary.
Fruit 6 to 8 mm. in diameter; seeds 2 to 4.
25. R. obcordata.
Fruit 16 to 25 mm. in diameter; seeds numerous.
26. R. thurberi.
1. Randia echinocarpa Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 4: 385. 1830.
Genipa echinocarpa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 380. 1886.
Chihuahua and Sonora to Guerrero and Veracruz. 2
Shrub or small tree, sometimes 6 meters high; spines in 4’s at the ends of the
branches; leaves sessile or subsessile, oval, oval-obovate, or rhombic-ovate, 3.5
to 8.5 em. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, densely pilose beneath, at least along
the veins; flowers dioecious, orange-yellow; staminate corolla appressed-pilose,
the tube 3 em. long; fruit subglobose, 4.5 to 9 em. in diameter, green or yellow,
pubescent, the tubercles 1 to 3 cm. long. ‘‘Papache,” ‘“‘papache picudo”’
(Sinaloa).
The fruit is edible and is considered (in Sinaloa) a remedy for malaria.
2. Randia laevigata Standl., sp. nov.
Sonora to Durango and Tepic; type from Sierra de Alamos, Sonora (Rose,
Standley & Russell 13051; U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 635870).
Unarmed shrub, 2 meters high; leaves sessile or short-petiolate, obovate-
oblong or rhombic-ovate, 14 to 23 em. long, acute or acuminate, attenuate to
base, pubescent beneath when young, glabrate in age; fruit subglobose, 6.5 cm.
long, glabrous. ‘‘Crucecilla de la sierra’”’ (Sinaloa).
In Sinaloa the fruit is employed as a remedy for bronchitis.
3. Randia longiloba Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 4: 101. 1886.
Yucatin; type from Cozumel Island.
Tree, 6 to 7.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, ovate to oblong-elliptic, 2 to 4.5
cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, rounded to acute at base; flowers terminal,
usually clustered, subsessile; corolla white, the tube 17 to 22 mm. long.
““Xcaax”’ (Maya).
4. Randia armata (Swartz) DC. Prodr. 4: 387. 1830.
Mussaenda spinosa Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 70. 1763.
Gardenia armata Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 51. 1788.
Randia spinosa Karst. Fl. Columb. 2: 128. 1869. Not R. spinosa Poir. 1811.
Southern Baja California and Sinaloa to Chiapas. Lesser Antilles; Central
and South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 12 meters high, the trunk sometimes 70 cm. in diam-
eter; spines in 4’s at the ends of the branchlets; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate
or obovate, 6 to 20 em. long, acute or acuminate at base and apex, puberulent
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1375
or glabrate; flowers dioecious, white or yellowish white; corolla tube 2.5 cm.
long; fruit oval or subglobose, 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long. ‘‘Huele de noche,” ‘palo de
la cruz,” “zapotillo” (Oaxaca); “canastilla’”’ (Chiapas); “‘rosetillo’’ (Honduras,
Guatemala); ‘Marfa Angola”’ (Colombia); ‘‘jicarillo,” “crucito,” “crucetilla,”
“caca de mico,” ‘“‘torolillo”’ (El Salvador).
The wood is said to be useful for various purposes. The fruit is reported to
have emetic properties and to be used in Martinique for stupefying fish. The
flowers are sweet-scented.
5. Randia tetracantha (Cav.) DC. Prodr. 4: 387. 1830.
Mussaenda tetracantha Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 20. pl. 435. 1799.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; spines in 4’s at the ends of the branchlets; leaves
slender-petiolate, ovate or rhombic-ovate, 5 to 11 cm. long, acute or acuminate,
puberulent or glabrate beneath; flowers terminal, dioecious (?), solitary or clus-
tered; corolla tube 5 cm. long or longer; fruit oval, 2.5 to 4.5 em. long, yellowish,
“* Arbol de las cruces’”’ (Guerrero).
6. Randia albonervia T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 257. 1908.
Veracruz; type from Corral de las Piedras, near Zacuapan.
Shrub; branchlets with 2 or 4 spines at apex; leaves petiolate, obovate or
ovate, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, acute or short-acuminate, cuneate at base, appressed-
pilose beneath; flowers terminal, solitary; corolla densely white-pilose, the tube
3 to 4 cm. long.
7. Randia cinerea (Fernald) Standl.
Genipa cinerea Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 93. 1897.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Sarmentose shrub; spines in 2’s or 4’s at the ends of the branchlets; leaves
petiolate, oval, 5 to 15 em. long, acute to rounded at apex, rounded or obtuse at
base; flowers dioecious, yellowish white; corolla sericeious; fruit obovoid, 7 cm.
long, pilose.
8. Randia nelsonii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 574. 1899.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type collected between Juchitdén and Chivela, Oaxaca.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, obovate or obovate-orbicular, obtuse to subretuse,
acute at base; flowers perfect, terminal, solitary, sessile; corolla sparsely hirtel-
lous; fruit subglobose, 2.5 to 3 em. long, densely short-pilose.
9. Randia purpusii Greenm. & Thompson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 410. 1915.
Type from Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi.
Leaves short-petiolate, obovate or obovate-oblong, 1.5 to 5.5 em. long, long-
attenuate at base; flowers terminal, sessile; corolla sparsely pilose.
10. Randia watsoni Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 317. 1894.
Randia tomentosa S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 152. 1890. Not R. to-
mentosa Wight & Arn. 1834.
Randia megacarpa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 257. 1908.
Southern Baja California to Nuevo Leén, Morelos, and Michoacan; Chiapas (?) ;
type from Sierra de la Silla, near Monterrey, Nuevo Leén.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oval or obovate, 2.5
to 8.5 ecm. long, acute to truncate at base; flowers perfect, white, few at the ends
of the branches, sessile; corolla sparsely or densely pilose; fruit globose or oval,
6 cm. long or less, short-pilose or glabrate. ‘‘Papache’’ (Sinaloa).
11. Randia blepharophylla Standl., sp. nov.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type collected between Aguacate and Dolores, Tepic
(Rose 2028; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 300921).
57020—26—_5
1376 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Unarmed shrub; leaves sessile, oval or rounded-ovate, 8 to 11 em. long, rounded
at apex, subcordate at base, densely ciliate, in age glabrate but when young
copiously pilose beneath; flowers dioecious, the staminate in few-flowered
axillary short-pedunculate cymes; calyx and hypanthium 4 mm. long, glabrous,
the limb irregularly undulate; corolla tube glabrous, 8 mm. long, the lobes oval,
5 to 6 mm. long, ciliate; fruit subglobose, glabrous, 13 mm. in diameter or larger.
12. Randia pringlei A. Gray. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 379. 1886.
Basanacantha reticulata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 98. 1883. Not
Randia reticulata Benth. 1849.
Coahuila and Durango; type from mountains near Jimuleo, Coahuila.
Shrub or small tree; leaves mostly obovate or oval, 3 to 8 em. long, acute to
rounded at apex, cuneate-attenuate to truncate and decurrent at base, densely
tomentose or pubescent beneath; flowers dioecious, terminal, clustered; corolla
white, the tube 10 to 12 mm. long; fruit globose, 2 em. in diameter, densely
pubescent. ‘‘Chapote’’ (Coahuila).
13. Randia rhagocarpa Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Victoria, Tamaulipas (Palmer 38; U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 572266).
Shrub about 4.5 meters high, the branches armed with numerous pairs of stout
divaricate spines; leaves petiolate, the blades cuneate-orbicular or rounded-
obovate, 1.5 to 4 em. long, cuneate or acuminate at base, rounded or truncate
at apex, ciliolate, glabrous beneath; flowers terminal, sessile; fruit globose,
about 12 mm. in diameter, smooth, black, very lustrous, the pericarp thin,
succulent, soft when dry; seeds about 8, 5 to 7 mm. long.
14. Randia mitis L. Sp. Pl. 1192. 1753.
Randia aculeata L. Sp. Pl. 1192. 1753.
Randia latifolia Lam. Encyel. 3: 24. 1789.
Mussaenda rotundifolia Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 59. 1894.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; Sinaloa (?); Tamaulipas (?). West Indies; Panama
and Colombia; type from Jamaica.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves sessile or short-petiolate, very variable in
shape, 1 to 10 em. long, acute to rounded at apex, glabrous beneath or sparsely
pilose along the costa; flowers perfect, usually clustered, sessile; corolla white,
6 to 8 mm. long, glabrous; fruit globose, 6 to 13 mm. in diameter. ‘ Crucilla’”’
(Tamaulipas); ‘‘crucecilla de la costa’ (Sinaloa); ‘“‘cruceto’’ (Tamaulipas,
Escontria; Colombia); ‘‘tintillo,” ‘‘eseambrén,” “palo de cotorra,’”’ ‘‘cambrén”
(Porto Rico); ‘‘maiz tostado’’ (Colombia); ‘‘agalla de costa,’’ ‘‘yamaguey,”’
‘“‘vamaguey de costa,” “pitajoni bravo,” ‘‘pitajoni espinoso”’ (Cuba); ‘‘espino
cruz,” ‘‘crucete’”’ (Veracruz); ‘‘papachilla”’ (Sinaloa).
The green fruit is astringent and in the West Indies has been employed as a
remedy for dysentery. The ripe fruit is sometimes eaten, and it is reported to
yield a blue dye.
15. Randia truncata Greenm. & Thompson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 411. 1915.
Randia tetramera Loesener, Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 56: 109. 1923.
Yucatan; type from Izamal.
Shrub, 2 to 4 meters high, the spines in pairs at the ends of the branches;
leaves nearly sessile, suborbicular or obovate, 1 to 3 cm. long, obtuse or rounded
at apex, glabrous; flowers perfect; corolla glabrous, the tube 1 to 1.5 cm. long.
‘“Mehenkax,” “kax”’ (Maya).
This is perhaps the plant reported from Yucatan as R. aculeata L., which is
said to bear the Maya name “‘xpech citam.”
16. Randia malacocarpa Standl., sp. nov.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Acaponeta, Tepic (Rose 3298; U.S. Nat. Herb.
no. 302274).
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1377
Shrub, about 1 meter high, the branches armed at the apex with two stout
spines; leaves mostly clustered on short lateral spurs, short-petioled, the blades
mostly ovate, ovate-oblong, or narrowly elliptic-oblong, rarely rounded-obovate,
2.5 to 5.5 cm. long, acute to long-attenuate at base, usually acute at apex, puberu-
lent or scaberulous above, densely short-pilose beneath; flowers perfect, terminal,
sessile; calyx densely short-pilose, the hypanthium 2 mm. long, the calyx lobes
linear or oblong, 1 to 1.5 mm. jong; corolla salverform, sparsely hirtellous outside,
the tube 3 to 4 mm. long, the 5 lobes rounded, 2 to 3 mm. long, the throat naked;
fruit globose, 12 mm. in diameter or larger, densely velvety-pilose, the pericarp
very thick and hard; seeds numerous.
17. Randia induta Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Cayacol, Guerrero (Nelson 7018; U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 399362).
Branchlets armed at apex with two stout spines 7 to 13 mm. long; leaves
slender-petiolate, the blades oblong-obovate or rhombic-obovate, 5 to 9 cm.
long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. wide, acute or acuminate at base, rounded or very obtuse at
apex, glabrous above, beneath copiously puberulent; fruits terminal on short
lateral spurs, solitary, sessile, globose, 7 to 10 mm. in diameter, smooth, glabrate,
the pericarp very thin; seeds usually 4, about 5 mm. long.
18. Randia xalapensis Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 239. 1844.
?Randia tomatillo Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 360. 1922.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Yucatdin; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Shrub or small tree; leaves sessile or subsessile, obovate to elliptic-oblong, 1.5
to 4 cm. long, acute to rounded at apex, coriaceous; flowers perfect, white;
corolla glabrous; fruit 2 to 2.5 cm. long, white, the pulp black. ‘‘Nanche’’
(Tamaulipas); “‘tomatillo”’ (Veracruz).
19. Randia chiapensis Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Canjob, Chiapas (Goldman 797; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 470602).
Branchlets bearing at apex two slender or stout spines 7 to 12 mm. long; leaves
mostly clustered on very short lateral spurs, the petioles 2 mm. long or less, the
blades obovate to rhombic-orbicular, 1 to 3 em. long, 6 to 15 mm. wide, at base
attenuate or rounded and short-decurrent, rounded or very obtuse at apex, gla-
brous; flowers perfect, terminal, solitary, sessile, 5-parted; calyx and hypanthium
glabrous, the calyx lobes linear to ovate-oblong, obtuse, shorter than the hypan-
thium; corolla 6 to 7 mm. long, glabrous outside, the tube nearly as thick as long,
the throat naked, the lobes suborbicular, shortly cuspidate-acuminate, about
equaling the tube.
20. Randia laetevirens Standl., sp. nov.
?Randia latifolia micrantha Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 723. 1831.
Sinaloa and Tepic; Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leén, and Veracruz; type from Cerro
de la Silla near Monterrey, Nuevo Leén (Nelson 6683; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. no.
347312).
Shrub 1 to 3 meters high, the branchlets bearing at the apex two stout ascend-
ing spines; leaves crowded on very short lateral spurs, petiolate or subsessile, the
blades mostly obovate-oblong, 1 to 6 cm. long, 0.5 to 2 cm. wide, acute to attenuate
at base, acute to rounded at apex, glabrous; flowers perfect, terminal, sessile,
usually clustered, 5-parted; calyx and hypanthium glabrous or obscurely scaber-
ulous, the calyx lobes triangular-subulate, half as long as the tube or almost obso-
lete; corolla glabrous outside, the tube 4 to 6.5 mm. long, the throat naked, the
lobes rounded-ovate, 2.5 to 4.5 mm. long, abruptly short-acuminate; fruit globose,
8 to 14 mm. in diameter, smooth or slightly rugose, glabrous, the pericarp thick
and hard; seeds 5 to 7, 6 to 7 mm. long. ‘‘Capulin corona’”’ (San Luis Potosi) ;
“‘erucero blanco,” ‘‘crucero”’ (Tamaulipas).
A decoction of the wood is used in San Luis Potosi for affections of the chest.
1378 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
21. Randia canescens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 573. 1899.
Morelos; type from Cuernavaca.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 5 meters high; leaves sessile or short-petiolate, 7 to
15 mm. long, rounded at apex, rounded to acute at base; flowers perfect, sessile;
corolla short-pilose, the tube 6 to 7 mm. long.
22. Randia rosei Standl., sp. nov.
Sinaloa and Tepic; type from Rosario, Sinaloa (Rose 1551; U. 8. Nat. Herb.
no. 300395).
Branches armed with numerous pairs of stout divergent spines 1 to 2 em.
long; leaves mostly crowded on short lateral spurs, slender-petiolate, the blades
suborbicular to rhombic-ovate, 1 to 2.5 em. long, rounded or obtuse at base,
rounded or very obtuse at apex, short-pilose beneath along the veins, elsewhere
glabrous; flowers perfect, terminal, solitary, sessile; hypanthium 2 mm. long,
pilose, the calyx lobes linear, 3 to 6 mm. long, ciliate; corolla salverform, glabrous
outside, the tube 10 to 12 mm. long, the throat naked, the 5 lobes ovate-oval,
8 mm. long, obtuse or acutish; fruit subglobose, rather sparsely pilose.
23. Randia gaumeri Greenm. & Thompson, Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 410. 1915.
Yucatdn; type from Izamal.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, cuneate-orbicular or obovate, 5 to 15 mm. long,
broadly rounded at apex, glabrous or nearly so; flowers perfect; corolla glabrous.
24. Randia blepharodes Standl., sp. nov.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type from Mexcala, Guerrero, altitude 500 meters
(Langlassé 1033; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 386348).
Shrub about 3 meters high, the branches bearing numerous pairs of stout
divaricate spines 1 to 2 em. long; leaves crowded on short lateral spurs, subsessile
or short-petiolate, the blades cuneate-orbicular or rounded-obovate, 7 to 17 mm.
long and broad, cuneate at base, broadly rounded at apex or subretuse, glabrous;
flowers perfect, terminal, clustered, sessile, 5-parted; calyx and hypanthium more
or less scaberulous, the calyx lobes lance-linear, much longer than the tube, long-
ciliate; corolla white, glabrous outside, the tube slender, 1 em. long, the throat
naked, the lobes ovate or oblong-ovate, 4 to 5 mm. long; fruit globose, about 2 em.
in diameter, sparsely puberulent, the pericarp hard and thick; seeds numerous.
25. Randia obcordata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 53. 1889.
Sonora to Colima; type from Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves flabellate or obcordate, 4 to 18 mm. long,
truncate or retuse at apex, decurrent to a short petiole, eeteae fruit black.
“‘Papachillo”’ (Sinaloa).
26. Randia thurberi 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 53. 1889.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type collected between Rayén and Ures, Sonora.
Shrub 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves petiolate, orbicular to cuneate-obovate,
0.6 to 4.5 em. long, obtuse to subretuse at apex, cuneate to abruptly long-attenuate
at base, glabrous or nearly so; flowers perfect, sessile; fruit greenish yellow, gla-
brous. ‘‘Papache’”’ (Sonora, Sinaloa).
The fruit is edible. Birds are fond of it, and one seldom sees a fruit from
which the birds have not extracted the pulpy interior, which has the appearance
of blackberry jam.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
Ranpia CApiraTa DC. Prodr. 4: 387. 1830. Type from ‘‘ Anasteca.”’
25. OTOCALYX T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 68. 1914.
A single species is known.
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1379
1. Otocalyx chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 69. 1914
Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas.
Shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, ovate, 4 to 6 cm. long, long-acuminate, rounded
or obtuse at base, appressed-pilose beneath along the veins; flowers in axillary or
terminal, few-flowered, long-pedunculate cymes; calyx 4-lobate, one of the
lobes dilated into a foliaceous limb 9 to 12 mm. long; corolla sericeous, the tube
1 cm. long, the 4 lobes 5 to 6 mm. long; fruit baccate (?), subglobose, 5 to 6 mm.
long; seeds minute, angulate.
26. HAMELIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 2, 16. 1760.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves opposite or verticillate, petiolate; flowers yellow
or red, in chiefly terminal scorpioid cymes; calyx 5-lobate or 5-dentate; corolla
tubular or funnelform, the tube 5-costate, the lobes short, imbricate; fruit
small, baccate, 5-celled; seeds numerous, minute, angulate.
Calyx lobes oblong to subulate, longer than broad.
Calyx lobes subulate; corolla 3.5 to 4 em. long.___________ 1. H. xorullensis.
Calyx lobes mostly oblong, obtuse; corolla 1.8 to 2.3 em. long.
Corolla villous outside; leaves villous beneath____________ 2. H. rovirosae.
Corolla glabrous or minutely puberulent; leaves puberulent beneath along
GIG Ruta ee et eye ln ee be SAY yh ee Sy appt hgh a 3. H. calycosa.
Calyx lobes deltoid, as broad as long.
Flowers not secund or obscurely so, pedicellate; fruit globose; corolla 8 to
ay LINEN ay Stee ee ee EE ee oe) |B 4. H. versicolor.
Flowers secund, mostly sessile; fruit usually longer than broad; corolla 14 to
22 mm. long.
Mature leaves glabrous, or pubescent beneath along the costa and lateral
nenves; leaves mostly quatermates .-- 8.252 = eee 5. H. nodosa.
Mature leaves copiously pubescent beneath, usually over the whole surface;
feavesmMosthueperimate: 2) 8S. 6. H. erecta.
1. Hamelia xorullensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 414. 1818.
Hamelia hypomalaca Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 406. 1910.
Sinaloa and Durango to Michoacdn; type from Voledn de Jorullo, Michoacan,
altitude 1,150 meters.
Shrub, about 3 meters high; leaves mostly ternate, oval to elliptic, 6 to 13
em. long, acuminate, rounded or obtuse at base, densely short-pilose or vil-
losulous beneath; corolla yellow, 3.5 to 4 em. long, the throat 1 em. broad or more.
“‘ Aguacatillo”’ (Michoacan).
2. Hamelia rovirosae Wernham, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 49: 211. 1911.
Hamelia patens coronata Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 40: 4. 1905.
Type from Rio San Sebastidn, Tabasco. Central America.
Large shrub, sometimes scandent, the branches villous; leaves ternate, elliptic
or elliptic-oblong, 5 to 11 cm. long, short-acuminate, acute at base; corolla red,
18 to 24 mm. long.
3. Hamelia calycosa Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 12: 132. 1887.
Hamelia chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 71. 1914.
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Pansamala.
Shrub, about 4 meters high; leaves mostly ternate, elliptic or oblong-elliptic,
6 to 8.5 em. long, acuminate, acute at base; corolla yellow, 18 to 22 mm. long.
4. Hamelia versicolor A. Gray; S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 416. 1886.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from barranea near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves mostly ternate, ovate to elliptic-oblong,
3 to 12.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, rounded to acute at base, puberulent or
villosulous beneath; corolla orange, becoming red in age; fruit red, 5 to 7 mm.
long. ‘Sangre de toro,” ‘“‘coralillo”’ (Sinaloa).
The fruit gives a lilae dye.
1380 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
5. Hamelia nodosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 234. 1844.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Mirador, Veracruz, altitude 900 meters.
Costa Rica.
Shrub, 2.5 to 3 meters high; leaves ovate to elliptic-oblong, 4 to 9.5 cm. long,
acute or short-acuminate, rounded to attenuate at base; corolla red, 18 to 22
mm. long; fruit 8 to 10 mm. long.
6. Hamelia erecta Jacq. (Enum. Pl. Carib. 16, hyponym. 1760) Stirp. Amer.
71. 1768.
Hamelia patens Jacq. (Enum. Pl. Carib. 16, hyponym, 1760) Stirp. Amer. 72.
1763.
Hamelia lanuginosa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 233. 1844.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Yucatdén. Southern Florida;
West Indies; Central and South America; type from Cartagena, Colombia.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 4 meters high; leaves lance-oblong to ovate or oval,
6 to 20 cm. long, usually short-acuminate, rounded to acuminate at base; corolla
red, puberulent or villosulous; fruit 6 to 10 mm. long, red. ‘‘ Kanan,” “xkan4,”’
“xkanan’”’ (Yucatan, Maya); “‘chacloco”’ (Tamaulipas); ‘“‘chichipin’”’ (Guate-
mala, Honduras); ‘‘recadito’’ (Colombia) ; ‘‘zorrillo real,’ “palo camarén”’ (Costa
Rica); ‘‘sisipinse,” ‘‘flor de cangrejo’”’ (Guatemala); ‘‘coralillo,”’ “chichipince,’’
‘“‘xuchit paltimatia,’’ ‘flor de bafio”’ (El Salvador); ‘‘canilla de venado”’ (Nica-
ragua); ‘“‘ponasi,”’ ‘“bonasi,”’ “palo de coral’”’ (Cuba); “‘bdlsamo’”’ (Porto Rico);
“cacanapazue,”’ “pafete’’ (Veracruz); ‘“‘coral’’ (Honduras); ‘‘uvero”’ (Panama) ;
“zorrillo”’ (Costa Rica).
The fruit is acid and edible, and a fermented drink is said to have been pre-
pared from it. The leaves and stems have been used for tanning. The crushed
leaves are sometimes applied to cuts and bruises, and a sirup prepared from the
fruit has been employed in the West Indies as a remedy for dysentery.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
HAMELIA ROSTRATA Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 442. 1830. Type from Acapulco,
Guerrero. Probably identical with H. versicolor.
27. HOFFMANNIA Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 30. 1788.
Shrubs or rarely herbs; leaves opposite or verticillate; flowers small, cymose,
axillary, the cymes sessile or pedunculate; calyx usually 4-lobate, the lobes short,
persistent; corolla funnelform or nearly rotate, the lobes imbricate; fruit baccate,
small, 2-celled; seeds numerous, minute.
Lobes of the corolla twice as long as the tube or longer.
Rol Wax CRU CA GE ae ne ee ee et 1. H. lenticellata.
Calyx lobate.
Cymes long-pedunculate, longer than the petioles, the peduncles equaling
or longer than the cymes.
Corolla red.
Leaves glabrous beneath; corolla 12 to 13 mm. long____2. H. discolor.
Leaves villous or villosulous beneath along the veins; corolla 10 mm.
Lomo yi Mee! SSA Se 0 ae eer Sie ee eee 3. H. refulgens.
GarllebyeilcwySet sp oe at Te OS a a nal ee yd 4. H. rosei.
Cymes sessile or short-pedunculate, usually shorter than the petioles, the
peduncles shorter than the cymes.
Leaves oval-elliptic, 6 to 7.5 em. wide_______________- 5. H. rotundata.
Leaves obovate or elliptic-oblong, 1 to 3 em. wide_____-_ 6. H. mexicana.
Lobes of the corolla equaling or shorter than the tube, or but slightly exceeding it.
Corolla pubescent outside.
Cymes long-pedunculate__________- ie 5h page ere AN 7. H. orizabensis.
Cymies sessile or mearly iso. 0-2 2k = ieee 8. H. cuneatissima.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1381
Corolla glabrous.
Leaves villosulous beneath, at least along the costa, mostly elliptic.
9. H. chiapensis.
Leaves glabrous or strigillose beneath, obovate-oblong or ovate-oblong.
Calyx lobes deltoid, minute; leaves caudate-acuminate_10. H. conzattii.
Calyx lobes oblong, 1 mm. long; leaves attenuate at apex.
11. H. strigillosa.
1. Hofmannia lenticellata Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 30. 1879.
Veracruz, the type from Orizaba. Guatemala. :
Glabrous shrub; leaves petiolate, obovate or elliptic, 10 to 22 em. long, obtusely
acuminate; flowers 6 mm. long.
2. Hoffmannia discolor (Lemaire) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 36. 1881
Campylobotrys discolor Lemaire, Fl. Serr. Jard. 3: Mise. 37. 1847.
Described from cultivated plants which were believed to be of Mexican origin;
reported from Chiapas.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves petiolate, obovate, 14 cm. long,
obtuse or acutish, acute at base.
3. Hoffmannia refulgens (Hook.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 37. 1881.
Higginsia refulgens Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 5346. 1862.
Chiapas. Central America.
Plants suffrutescent; leaves short-petiolate, obovate, 9 to 25 em. long, rounded
or obtuse at apex, acute at base; peduncles 2.5 to 12 cm. long.
4. Hoffmannia rosei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 407. 1910.
Type from Pedro Paulo, Tepic.
Shrub, 3 meters high; leaves petiolate, obovate or elliptic-oblong, 6 to 12 cm.
long, acuminate, minutely puberulent beneath; corolla white, 7 mm. long.
5. Hoffmannia rotundata Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 204. 1919.
Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas.
Leaves petiolate, obtuse to acute and short-acuminate, ferruginous-villous
beneath, especially along the veins; corolla 6 to 8 mm. long.
6. Hoffmannia mexicana (Link, Klotzsch & Otto) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2: 37. 1881.
Higginsia mexicana Link, Klotzsch & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar. Hort. Berol. 1: 57.
pl. 23. 1841.
Veracruz; Chiapas (?); described from cultivated plants.
Slender shrub, 0.6 to 1.2 meters high; leaves slender-petiolate, 2 to 9.5 cm.
long, acute or acuminate, puberulent or villosulous beneath along the veins;
corolla yellow, 7 mm. long; fruit red, 5 to 9 mm. long.
7. Hoffmannia orizabensis Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 205. 1919.
Type from the region of Orizaba, Veracruz.
Low shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 3 to 8 cm. long,
acute, rufous-villosulous beneath along the veins; cymes about 4-flowered;
corolla 12 to 13 mm. long.
8. Hoffmannia cuneatissima Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 407. 1910.
Morelos; type from Cuernavaca, altitude 1,950 meters.
Shrub; leaves slender-petiolate, oblanceolate or obovate, 6 to 16 cm. long,
short-acuminate, puberulent beneath along the veins; cymes 4 to 8 flowered;
corolla yellowish, 1 em. long; fruit 5 mm. in diameter.
9. Hoffmannia chiapensis Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 206. 1919.
Type from Cerro de! Boquerén, Chiapas.
Leaves slender-petiolate, 10 to 19 cm. long, acuminate; cymes few or many-
flowered; corolla yellow, 10 to 12 mm. long.
1382 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
10. Hoffmannia conzattii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 406. 1910.
Type from Colonia Melchor Ocampo, Veracruz, aititude 1,200 meters.
Glabrous shrub; leaves petiolate, 11 to 16 cm. long, long-attenuate at base,
paler beneath; cymes about 6-flowered; corolla 6 mm. long.
11. Hoffmannia strigillosa Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 31. 1879.
Described from Mexico, the locality not known.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, 15 to 20 cm. long, long-attenuate at base;
cymes few-flowered.
28. MACHAONIA Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 701. 1808.
Shrubs or small trees; flowers small, white or whitish, the inflorescence ter-
minal; calyx tube compressed, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes persistent;
corolla short-funnelform, the throat villous, the 4 or 5 lobes rounded, imbricate;
fruit oblong or obpyramidal, compressed, dicoccous, the cells indehiscent,
1-seeded.
Leaves oblong-linear or linear-oblanceolate, less than 4 mm. wide, mostly fasci-
Culate- +See ek et eS ees ee 1. M. coulteri.
Leaves broader than oblong-linear, 5 to 35 mm. broad, opposite or ternate.
Leaves copiously short-pilose or puberulent beneath.
Calyx lobes longer than broad, acute or acutish____--_~-_- 2. M. velutina.
Calyx lobes as broad as long, rounded___-------------- 3. M. acuminata.
Leaves glabrous beneath or nearly so.
Calyx lobes glabrous, not ciliolate, usually truncate; leaves linear-lanceolate.
4. M. pringlei.
Calyx lobes puberulent or ciliolate, not truncate; leaves mostly ovate or
elliptic.
Tube of the calyx densely covered with minute whitish appressed hairs,
the lobes ovate, as long as the corolla tube__-_--_- 5. M. floribunda.
Tube of the calyx sparsely pilose with short spreading hairs or glabrate,
the lobes obovate, shorter than the corolla tube__.6. M. lindeniana.
1. Machaonia coulteri (Hook. f.) Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20: 209. 1919.
Microsplenium coulteri Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 4. 1873.
Machaonia fasciculata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 77. 1883.
Querétaro and Hidalgo; type from Zimapdan, Hidalgo.
Unarmed shrub; leaves subsessile, 5 to 16 mm. long, rounded or obtuse at
apex, sparsely short-pilose or glabrous; inflorescence few or many-flowered, 1 to
2.5 cm. broad; calyx lobes orbicular; corolla yellowish, 4to 5 mm.long. ‘‘Huele
de noche del campo” (Querétaro).
2. Machaonia velutina Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 134. 1844.
Machaonia veracruzeana Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris. 1: 204. 1879.
Machaonia hahniana Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris. 1: 204. 1879.
Veracruz; type from Puente Nacional.
Shrub, usually unarmed; leaves petiolate, broadly ovate to oblong-ovate, 2.5
to 3.5 em. long, acute or short-acuminate; cymes 2.5 to 5 em. broad; corolla
ochroleucous; fruit 4 to 5 mm. long.
8. Machaonia acuminata Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 101. 1808.
Veracruz and Tabasco. Panama and South America; type from Ecuador.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 10 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or ovate-
elliptic, 5 to 10 em. long, acute or short-acuminate, tomentulose or short-pilose
beneath; inflorescence much branched, 6 to 10 em. broad; corolla 4 to 5 mm.
long; fruit 5 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1383
4. Machaonia pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 380. 1886.
Type from mountains near Jimulco, Coahuila.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, 3 to 6 em. long, long-attenuate
at each end, glabrous; cymes 3 to 6.5 em. broad; corolla 4 mm. long.
5. Machaonia floribunda Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 488. 1898.
Type collected near Tampico, Tamaulipas.
Shrub or small tree, 3 to 4.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, 3 to 5 em. long,
acute or acuminate, glabrous beneath or sparsely puberulent along the costa;
inflorescence much branched, 5 to 7 em. wide; corolla white, 2 mm. long.
6. Machaonia lindeniana Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 204. 1879.
Campeche and Yucatdn; type from Campeche.
Shrub or tree, 4 to 9 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, 2 to 4 em. long, obtuse
to short-acuminate, short-barbate beneath in the axils of the nerves, elsewhere
glabrous; inflorescence 4 to 7 cm. broad; corolla ochroleucous, 3 mm. long; fruit
2 to 2.5 mm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
MACHAONIA GALEOTTIANA Baill. Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 204. 1879. Type
from Veracruz.
29. CHOMELIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 1. 1760.
Shrubs, often armed with spines; flowers small, white or yellow, usually in axil-
lary pedunculate cymes; calyx limb 4-lobate, the lobes persistent; corolla salver-
form or funnelform, the tube slender, elongate, the 4 lobes valvate or subimbri-
cate; fruit drupaceous, osseous, 2-celled, the cells 1-seeded.
Corolla lobes long, attenuate; plants usually armed with spines__.1. C. spinosa.
Corolla lobes short, obtuse; plants unarmed.
Rorellaysubem pummlone? 02s a ee eee 2. C. barbata.
Corolla tube 10 mm. long or less.
Calyx lobes oblong or linear, 1 to 1.5 mm. long; leaves pubescent beneath
WHtTHUSDReACinmn Aine tg 2k fap te oe 4o 5a ee Vas 3. C. pringlei.
Calyx lobes minute, as broad as long; leaves sericeous beneath, at least
BOM OWEN CEVeIN Sis oe 3s Saal a el ae Pe 4. C. protracta.
1. Chomelia spinosa Jacq. Stirp. Amer. 18. 1760.
Guettarda armata Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 457. 1830.
Chomelia filipes Benth.; Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 41. 1852.
Anisomeris purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 70. 1914.
Oaxaca and Chiapas. Central America and Colombia; type from Cartagena,
Colombia.
Shrub, armed at the axils with long stout spines; leaves petiolate, rounded-ovate
to oblong-ovate, 4 to 8 cm. long, rounded to short-acuminate at apex, pilose
beneath, especially along the veins; cymes few-flowered; calyx lobes lanceolate;
corolla sericeous, the tube 12 to 22 mm. long; fruit 9 to 12 mm. long.
2. Chomelia barbata Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 7. 1923.
Type from Chacahua, Distrito de Juquila, Oaxaca.
Leaves slender-petiolate, the blades elliptic, 3.5 to 5.5 cm. long, obtuse or
acutish, rounded to acute at base, densely barbate beneath along the costa; cymes
few-flowered, on very slender peduncles; calyx lobes minute; corolla appressed-
pilosulous; fruit white, 2-celled, oblong, 1 to 1.5 em. long.
3. Chomelia pringlei S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 137. 1891.
Type from Tamasopo Canyon, San Luis Potosf.
Shrub or small tree, 4.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic or oval,
4.5 to 7.5 em. long, acute or short-acuminate; cymes 3 to 6-Sowered; corolla 8 to
9 mm. long, short-pilose; fruit 5 to 6 mm. long.
1384 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
4. Chomelia protracta (Bartl.) Standl.
Guettarda protracta Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 457. 1830.
Antirrhea protracta Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 42. 1881.
Guerrero to Oaxaca. Guatemala and Honduras.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 7 to 15 em.
long, long-acuminate, acute at base; cymes few or many-flowered; corolla serice-
ous, the tube 7 to 10 mm. long; fruit oval, 4 to 5 mm. long.
30. GUETTARDA L. Sp. Pl. 991. 1753.
Shrubs or trees; flowers small, perfect, in axillary, bifureate or congested
cymes, sometimes solitary, usually secund; calyx truncate or dentate; corolla
funnelform or salverform, the tube elongate, the lobes obtuse, imbricate; fruit
drupaceous, the flesh very thin, the stone hard, 4 to 9-celled, the cells 1-seeded.
Leaves cordate or subcordata at base, mostly 10 to 14 em. wide_1. G. seleriana.
Leaves acute to rounded at base, less than 10 cm. wide.
Pubescence of the lower surface of the leaves of spreading hairs.__2. G. filipes.
Pubescence of the lower surface of the leaves of appressed hairs.
Leaves loosely tomentose on the upper surface when young_3. G. galeottii.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface.
Stipules obtuse; corolla 6 to 8 mm. long______-_-_-__-- 4. G. dichotoma.
Stipules acuminate; corolla 9 to 12 mm. long______--___- 5. G. elliptica.
1. Guettarda seleriana (Loesener) Standl.
Guettarda scabra seleriana Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 361. 1922.
Type from Chichen Itz4, Yucatan.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, rounded or rounded-elliptic, 12 to 16 em. long,
obtuse or acutish, green and glabrate above, beneath paler, in age hirtellous-
puberulent, when young sericeous-strigose; cymes many-flowered, on elongate
peduncles; corolla tube about 2 em. long, densely retrorse-sericeous.
2. Guettarda filipes Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20: 210. 1919.
Sinaloa and Durango; type from Huasemote, Durango.
Shrub, 2 to 2.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to elliptic-oblong, 3
to 5.5 ecm. long, obtuse or short-acuminate; eymes few-flowered, on long slender
peduncles; corolla sericeous, the tube 6 to 7 mm. long. ‘“ Negrito’”’ (Sinaloa).
3. Guettarda galeottii Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Pinotepa, Oaxaca (Galeotti 2576; U. 8S. Nat. Herb. no. 572993).
Branchlets densely pilose-sericeous; stipules triangular-lanceolate, 5 to 7
mm. long, attenuate-acuminate; leaves opposite, the petioles 2 to 4 mm. long,
the blades ovate or oval-ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long, 1.7 to 2.7 em. wide, rounded at
base, acutely acuminate at apex, loosely and thinly tomentose above when
young, becoming glabrate, paler beneath, appressed~pilose, especially along
the nerves; cymes dense, many-flowered, the peduncles 1 to 1.5 em. long, densely
pilose, the flowers sessile, the bractlets minute; hypanthium densely pilose, the
calyx very sparsely short-pilose, 0.5 mm. long, truncate or obscurely lobate;
corolla sericeous outside, the tube slender, 7 mm. long, the 4 lobes rounded, about
1 mm. long.
4. Guettarda dichotoma Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 233. 1844.
Type from Consoquitla, Veracruz.
Leaves short-petiolate, ovate, 5 em. long, acutish, glabrous above; corolla
sericeous.
5. Guettarda elliptica Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 59. 1788.
?Guettarda tetrandra Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 218. 1894.
Guettarda insularis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 416. 1924.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1385
Sinaloa to Colima; Socorro Island; Yucatdn. Southern Florida; West Indies;
type from Jamaica.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 8 meters high; leaves petiolate, usually oval, 1 to 7
em. long, usually rounded or obtuse and apiculate at apex, truncate to acute at
base, appressed-pilose or glabrate above; cymes 1 to 9-flowered; corolla white,
sericeous; fruit subglobose, purplish, 4 to 8 mm. in diameter, 2 to 4-celled.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
GUETTARDA DEALBATA Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 111: 232. 1844. Type
from Oaxaca. Scearcely of this genus.
Hemsley reports G. odorata Lam., G. parviflora Vahl, and G. scabra Lam. from
Mexico, but the writer has seen no Mexican specimens of these species. The
specimens reported as G. parviflora are probably G. elliptica.
31. ERITHALIS P. Br.; L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 930. 1759.
1. Erithalis fruticosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 930. 1759.
Yueatin. Southern Florida; West Indies and Central America.
Shrub or small tree, 5 meters high or less; leaves petiolate, orbicular to oblong-
obovate, 2 to 10 em. long, rounded or obtuse at apex, acute to rounded at base,
coriaceous, glabrous; flowers white, in axillary, usually many-flowered, peduncu-
late cymes; calyx obscurely denticulate; corolla 4 to 10 mm. long, glabrous, the
lobes oblong-linear, obtuse; fruit drupaceous, globose, 2.5 to 4 mm. in diameter,
black, composed of 5 to 10 carpels.
32. CHIOCOCCA P. Br.; L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 917. 1759.
Shrubs or small trees, often scandent or sarmentose; flowers small, usually
white, in axillary, simple or paniculate, usually secund racemes; calyx 5-lobate,
persistent; corolla funnelform, the 5 lobes spreading or reflexed, valvate; fruit
small, drupaceous, compressed, orbicular, composed of 2 1-seeded carpels.
Anthers nearly or quite equaling the corolla lobes, sometimes longer, the filaments
CXS ChUCC Maenmene mene hp. pang AGL Boe chu ee ea 1. C. phaenostemon.
Anthers only slightly exceeding the corolla tube or included, the filaments wholly
included.
in eeneneSeemg wrt tN koe st le ae lhe 2. C. pubescens.
Leaves glabrous.
Limb of the corolla 8 to 10 mm. wide; calyx lobes semiorbicular or nearly
obsolete; leaves mostly 3.5 to 6 cm. wide; fruit only slightly
COMMOTESSCO eee eg sh a en ee ery ee 3. C. pachyphylla.
Limb of the corolla 3 to 6 mm. wide; calyx lobes usually acute; leaves
mostly narrower; fruit strongly compressed____-_--------- 4. C. alba.
1. Chiococca phaenostemon Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 594. 1834.
Chiococca staminea Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 117: 231. 1844.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Chiapas; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Large shrub; leaves short-petiolate, mostly ovate-oblong or lance-oblong, 4 to
10.5 cm. long, acuminate, coriaceous, glabrous; racemes usually paniculate;
corolla 5 to 8 mm. long; fruit compressed, 5 to 7 mm. long. ‘‘Jazmin de novia”
( Veracruz).
2. Chiococca pubescens Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 209. 1919.
Tamaulipas, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Leaves short-petiolate, ovate to lance-oblong, 3 to 6 cm. long, short-acuminate;
racemes few-flowered; corolla 5 to 6 mm. long; fruit pubescent.
1386 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
8. Chiococca pachyphylla Wernham, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 51: 323. 1913.
Nuevo Leén to Veracruz; type collected between Acatlin and Chiconquiaco,
Veracruz.
Shrub or tree, glabrous except in the inflorescence; leaves petiolate, elliptic-
oblong to ovate, 7 to 14 em. long, short-acuminate, coriaceous; racemes panicu-
late; corolla 7 to 8 mm. long, reddish outside; fruit 6 to 7 mm. in diameter.
4. Chiococca alba (L.) Hitche. Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 94. 1893.
Lonicera alba L. Sp. Pl. 175. 1753.
Chiococca racemosa L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 917. 1759.
Chiococca macrocarpa Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 230. 1844.
Chiococca coriacea Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 231. 1844.
Baja California and Sonora to Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Yucatdn, and Chiapas.
Florida; West Indies; Central and South America; type from Jamaica.
Shrub, sometimes scandent; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to oval, 2.5 to 9 em.
long, usually short-acuminate; racemes simple or paniculate; corolla 6 to 8 mm.
long, white or yellowish white; fruit white, 4 to 8 mm. long. ‘“‘Suelda con
suelda,”’ ‘‘oreja de ratén’’? (Lumholtz); ‘“xcanchac-ché” (Yucatdn, Maya);
‘‘eainca”’ (Herrera; Colombia); ‘‘canica,’”’ ‘‘caninana’’ (Ramirez); ‘‘perlilla’’
(Sessé & Mocifio); ‘‘madreselva”’ (Nicaragua); ‘‘bejuco de berac’’ (Porto Rico);
“‘bejuco de berraco”’ (Cuba); “‘ldgrimas de San Pedro,” ‘“‘aceitillo”’ (El Salva-
dor); “‘l4grimas de Maria” (Panama).
The plant was formerly used in Brazil as a remedy for dropsy and has been so
used in Europe. It is reported to have diuretic, acrid, tonic, astringent, vomi-
tive, and pectoral properties, and has been employed for venereal diseases,
rheumatism, and other affections. The leaves are sometimes applied as poultices
to sores.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
SIPHONANDRA MEXICANA Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 21?: 581. 1848. Type
from Oaxaca. The genus has been referred to Chiococca, but the position of
the plant is doubtful.
33. ASEMNANTHE Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 106. 1873.
A single species is known.
1. Asemnanthe pubescens Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 107. 1873.
Yucatan.
Shrub or small tree, 1 to 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate or
ovate, 2.5 to 7 ecm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded to acute at base, densely
pilose beneath; flowers yellow, in few-flowered axillary fascicles; calyx 4-lobate,
the lobes lance-linear, persistent; corolla urceolate-tubular, longer than the calyx
lobes, short-pilose, the limb with 4 small lobes; fruit drupaceous, suborbicular,
compressed, 4 to 4.5 mm. long, pubescent, the cells 1-seeded.
34. PLACOCARPA Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 107. 1873.
A single species is known.
1. Placocarpa mexicana Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 108. 1873.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Orizaba, Veracruz.
Shrub about 1 meter high; leaves short-petiolate, oblong or obovate-oblong,
1 to 2 cm. long, acute or obtuse, acute at base, glabrous; flowers axillary, solitary ,
pedicellate; calyx lobes obovate-oblong, 4 mm. long, obtuse; corolla white,
salverform, the tube 10 to 12 mm. long, the 4 lobes oval, rounded at apex; fruit
lateraily compressed, 2-celled, separating into 2 indehiscent cocci.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1387
35. COFFEA L. Sp. Pl. 172. 1753.
1. Coffea arabica L. Sp. Pl. 172. 1753.
Cultivated in Mexico and in some localities naturalized. Native of tropical
Africa; cultivated in all tropical regions.
Glabrous shrub or small tree; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-oval to lance-
elliptic, 9 to 18 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base, lustrous; flowers white,
glomerate in the leaf axils; calyx obscurely dentate; corolla salverform, 1.5 to
2 cm. long, the 5 lobes acute; fruit baccate,. oval or subglobose, 10 to 16 mm.
long, red, the 2 seeds semiellipsoid, 8 to 12 mm. long, sulecate on the inner side.
“Café.”
Coffee is grown in most of the warmer regions of Mexico and it is one of the
important agricultural products of the country. The most important states in
coffee production are Veracruz, Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Tabasco, but Veracruz is
reported to produce a larger amount than all the other states combined. The
shrub is said to have been cultivated first at Cérdoba. It is reported to be
abundant in the wild state in some parts of Veracruz.
Coffea liberica Hiern, the Liberian coffee, also is cultivated in Mexico. It is
distinguished by having a 6 to 8-lobed corolla. It can be grown at lower levels
than C. arabica, and is more robust and productive.
36. STRUMPFIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 8. 1760.
1. Strumpfia maritima Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 28. 1760.
Yucatéin. Florida Keys; West Indies; type from Jamaica.
Densely branched shrub, 2 meters high or less; leaves ternate, linear, 1 to 3
em. long, acute, rigid, whitish-tomentulose beneath, the margins revolute;
flowers in axillary pedunculate few-flowered racemes; calyx 5-lobate, the lobes
persistent; corolla pink, deeply 5-lobate, 3 to 4 mm. long, sericeous or tomentu-
lose; fruit drupaceous, white, 4 mm. in diameter, 1 or 2-celled. ‘‘Lirio”’ (Porto
Rico).
In the West Indies the plant is reported to have been used as a remedy for
fevers.
37. RUDGEA Salisb. Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 8: 327. 1807.
1. Rudgea fimbriata (Benth.) Standl. in Standl. & Cald. Lista Pl. El Salvador
274. 1925.
Psychotria fimbriata Benth. Journ. Bot. Hook. 3: 226. 1841.
Chiapas. Central America and northern South America; type from the
Essequibo River, British Guiana.
Glabrous shrub; leaves very short-petiolate, elliptic to lance-elliptic, mostly
9 to 15 cm. long, dee a eninate, acute or acuminate at base; flowers whitish,
in small terminal panicles, the flowers mostly short-pedicellate; calyx truncate;
corolla about 5 mm. long; fruit white, subglobose, 6 mm. in diameter. ‘‘ Hua-
taco’’ (Costa Rica).
38. PSYCHOTRIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 929. 1759.
Shrubs or small trees; flowers small, in terminal or axillary cymes, panicles, or
corymbs; calyx tube short, the limb truncate or lobate; corolla funnelform, the
tube short or elongate, straight, the limb 4 or 5-lobate; fruit drupaceous, con-
taining two 1-seeded nutlets.
feiorescences, all axillarye& 6 ee ke tt oi oe 1. P. anomothyrsa.
Inflorescences mostly terminal, sometimes borne in the forks of the branches.
Leaves pubescent or puberulent beneath, usually densely so, sometimes merely
villous or barbate along the costa.
Bracts much exceeding the calyx, even in fruit__.___----_- 2. P. purpusii.
1388 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Bracts small and inconspicuous.
Branchlets usually glabrous.
Corolla about 15 mm. long; leaves barbate beneath along the costa.
3. P. pinularis.
Corolla 5 mm. long or less; leaves not barbate beneath.
4. P. horizontalis.
Branchlets pubescent, puberulent, or villous.
Cymes sessile, branching from the base.
Stipules large, brown, sheathing, finally split along one side.
5. P. undata.
Stipules short-deltoid, not sheathing___________ 6. P. pulverulenta.
Cymes pedunculate.
Stipules large and sheathing, brown___________ 7. P. erythrocarpa.
Stipules small, greenish, not sheathing.
Corolla minutely granular-puberulent_________- 8. P. pubescens.
Corolla hirtellous or villosulous________-_____-_- 9. P. hebeclada.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Bracts large and conspicuous.
Bracts obtuse; inflorescence loosely branched___-_-~_ ~~ 10. P. chiapensis.
Bracts long-acuminate; inflorescence headlike or trichotomous.
11. P. involucrata.
Bracts small and inconspicuous.
Stipules persistent, greenish, bilobate.
Branches of the inflorescence reflexed________________-_ 12. P. patens.
PA CNes OL TOUPR OG. 8 on ee ee a eee eee 13. P. cuspidata.
Stipules deciduous, brown, entire.
Leaves coriaceous, broadly obovate, broadest above the middle.
14. P. oerstediana.
Leaves thin, broadest at or near the middle.
Calyx lobes short, ovate or deltoid, often obtuse.
Leaves mostly elliptic and 6 to 11 em. wide___.15. P. trichotoma.
Leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong or lance-elliptic, 1.5 to 5 em. wide.
16. P. papantlensis.
Calyx lobes elongate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate.
Leaves mostly elliptic and 3 to 6 cm. wide____4. P. horizontalis.
Leaves narrowly elliptic-oblong, 1 to 2 em. wide.
17. P. oaxacana.
1. Psychotria anomothyrsa K.Schum. & Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 35: 3. 1903.
Chiapas. Central America to Peru; type from Cubilquitz, Guatemala.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, glabrous; leaves long-petiolate, elliptic to oblong,
15 to 25 em. long, acuminate; flowers white, in axillary pedunculate panicles;
corolla about 6 mm. long; fruit white.
P. nicotianaefolia Mart. & Gal.! is probably closely related to this species if
not identical with it.
2. Psychotria purpusii Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas (Purpus 7012; U. S. Nat. Herb. no.
567269).
Branchlets sordid-villous; leaves slender-petiolate, elliptic, 9 to 12 cm. long,
4 to 5 cm. wide, acuminate, acute at base, fulvous-villosulous above, densely
villosulous beneath; flowers in terminal long-pedunculate corymbs about 5 cm.
broad; bracts foliaceous, equaling or longer than the flowers, the sesessile or short-
pedicellate; corolla 8 mm. long in bud, densely villous; fruit 6 mm. long, deeply
suleate, villous.
1 Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 229. 1844..
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1389
8. Psychotria pinularis Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 57. 1894.
Sinaloa to Guerrero. West Indies and South America; type from Porto Rico.
Shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves mostly obovate, 4 to 7 cm. long, obtuse to short-
acuminate, attenuate to the base, thin, glabrous except for tufts of hairs beneath
in the axils of the lateral nerves; cymes few-flowered, the flowers pedicellate,
white. ‘‘Crucecilla’’ (Sinaloa).
4. Psychotria horizontalis Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 44. 1788.
Sinaloa to Chiapas. Greater Antilles; Central America and northern South
America.
Shrub, 4 meters high or less; leaves short-petiolate; narrowly or broadly elliptic,
5 to 12 cm. long, long or short-acuminate, acute or obtuse at base, rufous-
villous beneath along the costa or glabrous; cymes slender-pedunculate, usually
many-flowered; fruit red.
5. Psychotria undata Jacq. Pl. Hort. Schénbr. 3: 5. pl. 260. 1798.
Psychotria rufescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 364. 1818.
Veracruz; Oaxaca (?). Florida; West Indies; Central America.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; stipules thin, brown, deciduous; leaves elliptic-
oblong to elliptic, 15 cm. long or less, acuminate, pubescent or glabrate; inflor-
escence fulvous-villous; corolla white; fruit 5 to 6 mm. long, red, glabrous or
pubescent. ‘Huesito’’ (Panama).
Psychotria sessilifolia Mart. & Gal.,! described from Veracruz, is perhaps to be
referred here.
6. Psychotria pulverulenta Urban, Symb. Antill. 7: 456. 1913.
Reported from Mexico (San Luis Potosf ?) by Urban. Florida; Greater
Antilles; Cuba.
Leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 7 to 15 em. long, acuminate, pilosulous
or puberulent beneath; cymes often borne in the forks of the branches; corolla
3 mm. long, glabrous; fruit 10-costate, 3.5 to 4 mm. long.
7. Psychotria erythrocarpa Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 595. 1834.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi to Chiapas; type from Hacienda de la Laguna,
Veracruz.
Shrub, the branchlets densely pubescent; leaves short-petiolate, mostly
obovate or oblong-obovate, 4 to 9 cm. long, obtuse to short-acuminate, obtuse
to attenuate at base, densely pubescent beneath; cymes short and small, usually
2 to 3 cm. wide; corolla pubescent; fruit red, pubescent.
Closely related and perhaps not specifically different is Mapouria chamissoana
Loesener (Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 56: 112. 1923).
8. Psychotria pubescens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788.
Guerrero to Veracruz. West Indies and Central America.
Shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oblanceolate to elliptic,
6 to 14 em. long, acuminate, acute at base, thin, finely puberulent beneath;
inflorescence corymbose, loosely many-flowered, pubescent; corolla white, about
4 mm. long; fruit red.
9. Psychotria hebeclada DC. Prodr. 4: 513. 1830.
Veracruz and Oaxaca and perhaps elsewhere. Central America and Panama.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high, the branches densely pubescent; leaves short-
petiolate, lance-oblong to elliptic, 7 to 18 em. long, acuminate, acute to attenuate
at base, thin; inflorescence corymbose, the flowers white or pinkish; fruit 3.5 mm.
broad. ‘‘Huesito” (Panama).
1 Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 228. 1844.
1390 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Psychotria aureola Bartl.,! P. justicioides Schlecht.,? and P. bracteolata Mart. &
Gal.’ all appear to be closely related to this species, judging from descriptions.
10. Psychotria chiapensis Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Finca Mexiquito, Ghiapne (Purpus 6963; U. S. Nat. Herb. no.
567237).
Branchlets obscurely villosulous or glabrate; stipules green, persistent, 3 to 4
mm. long, bilobate, the lobes broad, obtuse; leaves petiolate, oblong-elliptic,
11.5 to 23 cm. long, 5 to 10 em. wide, short-acuminate, acute at base, thin,
glabrous; eymes pedunculate or sessile, trichotomous, 5 to 7 em. broad, many-
flowered, the flowers sessile, the bracts broad, rounded at apex; calyx limb
5 to 6 mm. long, puberulent, denticulate; corolla in bud 1.5 em. long, nearly
glabrous.
11. Psychotria involucrata Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 45. 1788.
Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America.
Shrub, glabrous nearly throughout; leaves petiolate, ovate or elliptic, 8 to 14
cm. long, acuminate, acute at base; inflorescence at first dense and headlike,
pedunculate, in age branched; fruit 3 to 4 mm. long, sharply costate.
12. Psychotria patens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 45. 1788.
Psychotria flexuosa Willd. Sp. Pl. 1: 966. 1798.
Chiapas. Greater Antilles; Central America to Bolivia.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, nearly glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, lanceolate
to elliptic, 5 to 14 em. long, usually long-acuminate; panicles long-pedunculate,
narrow and thyrsiform; corolla white, 5 to 8 mm. long; fruit blue or black, 3 to
5 mm. broad.
13. Psychotria cuspidata Bredemeyer; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 192.
1819.
Oaxaca, Chiapas, and Tabasco. Cuba; Central America to Brazil.
Slender shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves petiolate, ovate to elliptic or oblong-
lanceolate, 7 to 18 em. long, usually cuspidate-acuminate, acute or obtuse at
base, thin, lustrous; panicles small, 1 to 3 em. broad; corolla about 4 mm. long;
fruit didymous, 4 mm. broad.
14. Psychotria oerstediana Standl.
Mapouria obovata Oerst. Amér. Centr. 17. pl. 14, f. 3, 4. 1863.
Psychotria obovata Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 50. 1881. Not P. obovata
Ruiz & Pav. 1799.
Veracruz.
Shrub, 1 to 1.5 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, 6 to 13 em. long, rounded
to short-acuminate at apex, cuneate at base, pale green; inflorescence short and
dense at anthesis, open in fruit, sessile or nearly so; corolla about 5 mm. long;
fruit glabrous.
15. Psychotria trichotoma Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!:227. 1844.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from the region of Jalapa and Mirador,
Veracruz. Guatemala.
Shrub, 4.5 meters high or less; leaves short-petiolate, 10 to 25 cm. long, usually
short-acuminate, acute at base; inflorescence usually large and much branched,
puberulent; fruit sometimes 1 em. long.
1 DC. Prodr. 4: 513. 1830.
2 Linnaea 9: 596. 1834.
8 Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 228. 1844.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1391
16. Psychotria papantlensis (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 50.
1881.
Mapouria salicifolia Oerst. Amér. Centr. 17. pl. 14, f. 2. 1863.
?Mapouria stipulata Oerst. Amér. Centr. 17. pl. 14, f. 7. 1863.
?Mapouria miradorensis Oerst. Amér. Centr. 17. pl. 14, f. 9. 1863.
Psychotria salicifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 51.1881. Not P.
salicifolia H. B. K. 1818.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz; Yucatdn (?); type from Papantla, Veracruz.
Small shrub, nearly glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, 5 to 17 cm. long, acumi-
nate, attenuate at base; cymes mostly sessile or nearly so, dense or‘in age open,
the flowers white. ‘‘Cancerillo”’ (Yucatdn), ‘‘pochitoco”’ (Veracruz).
17. Psychotria oaxacana Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Santo Domingo, Oaxaca, altitude 480 meters (Nelson 2688; U. S.
Nat. Herb. no. 574444).
Branches slender, glabrous; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong or narrowly
elliptic-oblong, 4 to 7 cm. long, 1 to 2 em. wide, long-acuminate, acute or attenu-
ate at base, thin, glabrous, blackish when dry; cymes on long slender peduncles,
1 to 2 cm. wide, the flowers short-pedicellate, glabrous; calyx lobes lance-subulate;
corolla 3 mm. long, the lobes obtuse; anthers exserted.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
PsYCHOTRIA BIARISTATA Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 513. 1830. Type from some-
where in Mexico; reported from Oaxaca.
PSYCHOTRIA LIMONENSIS LAXINERVIA Loesener, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18:
361. 1922. Type from Palenque, Chiapas. The species was described from the
Atlantic coast of Costa Rica.
PsYCHOTRIA PADIFOLIA Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 189. 1819.
Type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
PsYCHOTRIA SCABRIUSCULA Bartl.; DC. Prodr. 4: 513. 1830. Type from
Acapulco, Guerrero.
PsyYCHOTRIA TOMENTOSA (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 51. 1881.
Mapouria tomentosa Oerst. Amér. Centr. 17. pl. 14, f. 8. 1863. Type from
Papantla, Veracruz.
389. EVEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 103. 1775.
Shrubs or small trees; flowers in terminal heads, these subtended by large or
small, sessile, often connate bracts; calyx dentate, persistent; corolla funnelform
or salverform, the tube straight, the limb 4 or 5-lobate, the lobes valvate; fruit
drupaceous, containing 2 bony nutlets, these smooth or costate, 1-seeded.
errs cir siibe ee ae mo a et ee 1. E. tomentosa.
Plants glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves petiolate; stipules bilobate, not setiferous___...---------- 2. E. elata.
Leaves sessile; stipules setiferous, not bilobate_____------- 3. E. chiapensis.
1. Evea tomentosa (Aubl.) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 123. 1916.
Tapogomea tomentosa Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 160. 1775.
Cephaelis tomentosa Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 19. 1796.
Cephaelis hirsuta Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 135. 1844.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Tabasco. Central and South America.
Shrub, 1 to 4 meters high, hirsute throughout; leaves short-petiolate, elliptic
to elliptic-oblong, 10 to 25 cm. long, acuminate, acute at base; heads long-
pedunculate, the bracts 3 to 6 em. broad, bright red; corolla yellow.
57020—26—_6
1392 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
2. Evea elata (Swartz) Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 123. 1916.
Cephaelis elata Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788.
Cephaelis punicea Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 19. 1796.
Oaxaca and Chiapas. West Indies and Central America.
Shrub; leaves oblong-oblanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 10 to 25 cm. long, acu-
minate, acute to attenuate at base; heads often trichotomous, the bracts large,
red or purplish.
3. Evea chiapensis Standl., sp. nov.
Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas (Purpus 6928; U.S. Nat. Herb. no.
567214).
Glabrous shrub; leaves sessile, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 7 to 11 cm.
long, long-acuminate, narrowed to the base, thin, very lustrous above; heads
terminal, the peduncles about 1 cm. long; bracts green, 12 to 15 mm. long, acute,
short-connate.
40. PALICOUREA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 172. 1775.
Shrubs or small trees; flowers small, in chiefly terminal, usually thyrsiform
panicles, sometimes corymbose; calyx entire or 5-lobate; corolla tube elongate,
straight or curved, often gibbous, the limb 5-lobate, the lobes valvate; fruit
baccate, usually containing 2 1-seeded nutlets.
Calyx lobate; flowers in pedunculate panicles___________-__- 1. P. galeottiana.
Calyx truncate; flowers in sessile corymbs_________-__-_---_- 2. P. nigrescens.
1. Palicourea galeottiana Mart. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 136. 1844.
?Psychotria mexicana Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 189. 1819.
Palicourea mexicana Benth.; Oerst. Nat. For. Kjé6benhavn Vid. Medd. 1852:
37. 1853.
Palicourea costaricensis Benth.; Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd.
1852: 38. 1853.
Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type from Oaxaca. Central America
and Panama.
Shrub, 2 to 4.5 meters high, glabrous or nearly so; stipules bilobate; leaves
short-petiolate, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 7 to 20 cm. long, acuminate, acute at
base; panicles longer or shorter than the leaves, the branches yellowish or red-
dish; corolla orange, 1.5 to 2 em. long; fruit about 5 mm. in diameter.
2. Palicourea nigrescens Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 136. 1844.
Veracruz; type from Jalapa.
Shrub; leaves short-petiolate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, 10 to 15 cm,
long, acuminate, acute or attenuate at base, glabrous or nearly so; corymbs
much shorter than the leaves; corolla pink, 6 to 7 mm. long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
PALICOUREA GARDENIOIDES (Scheidw.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr.
Amer. Bot. 2: 52. 1881. Rhodostoma gardenioides Scheidw. in Otto & Dietr.
Allgem. Gartenzeit 10: 286. 1842. Veracruz.
41. PAEDERIA L. Mant. Pl. 1: 7. 1767.
1. Paederia pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 92. 1903.
Guerrero and Morelos; type from Yautepec, Morelos, altitude 1,385 meters.
Slender shrub, scandent to a height of 6 meters; leaves long-petiolate, ovate or
broadly ovate, 3 to 8 cm. long, abruptly acuminate, rounded or cordate at base,
villous beneath or finally glabrate; flowers in lax axillary cymes or panicles;
calyx lobes linear or lanceolate; corolla funnelform, 12 to 14 mm. long; fruit
oval, 10 to 12 mm. long, glabrous, strongly compressed, 2-celled, each cell 1-seeded.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1393
42. FARAMEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 1: 102. 1775.
1. Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 176.
1834.
Izora occidentalis L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 893. 1759.
Faramea odoratissima DC. Prodr. 4: 496. 1830.
Veracruz. West Indies; Central and South America.
Glabrous shrub or tree, sometimes 15 meters high; bark smooth, gray; leaves
short-petiolate, narrowly oblong to oval, 6 to 18 em. long, cuspidate-acuminate,
acute at base, coriaceous, lustrous; flowers white, fragrant; in terminal and
axillary, lax, few-flowered cymes, pedicellate; calyx truncate; corolla salverform,
the tube about 17 mm. long, the lobes narrow, 12 mm. long; fruit nearly 1 cm.
in diameter, drupaceous, finally black, 1-celled, 1-seeded; sapwood thin, nearly
white, the heartwood darker, tinged with yellow, hard, moderately heavy, very
tough, close-grained, taking a good polish. ‘‘Hueso”’ (Veracruz, Ramirez);
“‘huesito’”’ (Panama); ‘“‘palo de toro,”’ ‘‘cafetillo”’ (Porto Rico); “‘café cimarrén,”’
“nabaco,” “jujano”’ (Cuba); ‘‘cafecillo’’ (El Salvador).
43. MORINDA L. Sp. Pl. 176. 1753.
1. Morinda yucatanensis Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 262. 1907.
Yucatan; type from Izamal.
Shrub, subscandent; leaves short-petiolate, lance-oblong to oblong-obovate or
elliptic, 5 to 12 cm. long, acute or acuminate, acute or attenuate at base, pubescent,
especially beneath; flowers in short-pedunculate or sessile, globose heads 12 mm.
or less in diameter, coalescent in fruit; calyx truncate; corolla tubular-funnelform,
7 mm. long, the limb 5-lobate; fruit a succulent syncarp; nutlets 6 mm. long,
smooth. ‘Joyoc,” ‘‘xo-yen-cab”’ (Maya).
The Yucatdn plant has been referred to M. royoc L., a closely related species of
Central America and the West Indies.
44. ERNODEA Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 29. 1788.
1. Ernodea litoralis Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 29. 1788.
Yueatdén. Southern Florida, West Indies, and Honduras, on coastal rocks and
sands.
Prostrate or spreading shrub; leaves crowded, lanceolate or lance-oblong,
1 to 2.5 cm. long, acute, narrowed below, sessile or nearly so, coriaceous, leathery,
glabrous, 3-nerved; flowers yellow, solitary and sessile in the leaf axils; calyx
4 to 6-lobate, the lobes lance-subulate; corolla funnelform, the tube 1 cm. long,
the 4 to 6 lobes narrow, valvate; fruit drupaceous, 2-celled, yellow, 4 to 6 mm.
long, the nutlets cartilaginous, united, 1-seeded.
45. TRIODON DC. Prodr. 4: 566. 1830.
1. Triodon angulatum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 70. 1840.
Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; reported from Tabasco or Yucatan; type from
Teotolcingo, Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Erect or prostrate shrub, glabrous or puberulent; leaves oblong to elliptic, 4 to
20 mm. long, opposite or often appearing verticillate, obtuse or acute, short-
petiolate; flowers clustered in the leaf axils; calyx 4-dentate; corolla about 2 mm.
long; fruit small, dicoccous, 2-seeded.
46. GALIUM L. Sp. Pl. 105. 1753.
Herbs or rarely shrubs; leaves verticillate; flowers small, usually in axillary or
terminal cymes, white or yellow; calyx limb obsolete; corolla rotate, commonly
4-lobate, the lobes valvate; fruit didymous, dry or fleshy, 2-celled, indehiscent.
Numerous herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
1394 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Bruit hirsutec fs Ss See Pee Ab A Sale oe i eee eee 1. G. stellatum.
Fruit glabrous 2476-202 2 ee a ee oe ee ae 2. G. angulosum,
1. Galium stellatum Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 97. f. 26. 1863.
Baja California; type from Cedros Island. Utah, Arizona, and southern Cali-
fornia.
Much-branched shrub, 60 em. high or less, the branchlets hirtellous; leaves in
4’s or 5’s, linear-lanceolate to ovate, 5 to 15 mm. long, 1-nerved; corolla white.
2. Galium angulosum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 74. 1876.
Guadalupe Island, Baja California.
Branchlets hirsute-pubescent; leave in whorls of 4 to 7, linear-oblong or elliptic-
oblong, 6 to 10 mm. long, acute; corolla greenish white.
DOUBTFUL GENERA.
BERGHESIA COCCINEA Nees, Linnaea 20: 702. 1847. Type from somewhere in
Mexico.
154. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckle Family.
Shrubs or trees; leaves opposite, usually estipulate; flowers perfect, regular or
irregular; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 3 to 5-dentate or lobate;
corolla gamopetalous, the limb regular or irregular, often bilabiate, the 5 lobes
imbricate; stamens usually 5, inserted on the corolla tube; style simple or parted;
ovules usually solitary in the cell; fruit baccate, drupaceous, or dry, 1 to 5-celled.
Lgeges pinnate ss08es use te eee bi Pes ob ee eae yy 1. SAMBUCUS.
Leaves simple.
Corolla ‘rotate or nearly iso's juss ccs i ec bc ate bebe et 2. VIBURNUM.
Corolla tubular or funnelform.
Fruit dry; flowers in terminal cymes_____2-__. 21.22... << 3. ABELIA.
Fruit fleshy; flowers mostly axillary, or in terminal spikes or heads.
Cells of the ovary 1l-ovulate; plants erect; flowers mostly sessile in the
lea? ax. 20 en oo ee eee 4. SYMPHORICARPOS.
Cells of the ovary many-ovulate; plants erect or scandent; flowers never
sessile. in\ the’ sails) 20522 288 a ee 5. LONICERA.
1. SAMBUCUS L. Sp. Pl. 269. 1753.
Shrubs or trees; leaves pinnate or bipinnate, the leaflets serrate; flowers small,
white, in terminal flat-topped cymes; calyx 3 to 5-dentate; corolla rotate, 3 to
5-lobate; fruit a small drupe, containing 3 to 5 1-seeded nutlets.
The English name for plants of the genus is “elderberry.’”’ The fruit of all
species is edible and is often used in the United States for pies and for making
wine. The stems contain a large amount of pith. A decoction of the stems is
employed by some of the Indians for dyeing baskets black. In Europe the
leaves and flowers have been used for dyeing leather yellow, and the bark or
wood, with alum and iron salts, for dyeing green or brown. In Germany oil
has been extracted from the seeds, and the flowers are used to flavor wine.
The flowers of S. canadensis L. were formerly official in the United States
Pharmacopoeia, and those of the Old World S. nigra L. are now official in some
of the European pharmacopoeias. They have gently excitant and sudorific
properties. The fruit is diaphoretic and aperient and has been used as an
alterative in treating rheumatism and syphilis. The inner bark is a hydragogue
cathartic and in large doses emetic. It has been employed for dropsy and
epilepsy.
Leaflets pubescent on one or both surfaces; fruit not glaucous__1. S. mexicana.
eatlets:elabrous;iruit-elaucoms.,.! 42 oo. ee 2. S. caerulea.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1395
1. Sambucus mexicana Presl; DC. Prodr. 4: 322. 1830.
Sambucus bipinnata Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 171. 1830.
Widely distributed in Mexico, especially in cultivation. Western Texas to
southern California; Central America.
Tree, sometimes 10 meters high, with a trunk 30 cm. in diameter, the bark
thick, gray, scaly; leaflets usually 5, ovate to ovate-lanceolate or oval, 3 to 12
cm. long, short-acuminate, pale; cymes 6 to 20 em. broad; corolla 5 to 8 mm.
broad; fruit about 6 mm. in diameter, nearly black; wood soft, coarse-grained,
brownish, its specific gravity about 0.46. Usually known in Mexico as “‘satico’’;
“azumiatl” (Veracruz); ‘“cumdemba,’’ “cumdumba”’ (Tarascan); ‘‘xumetl”’
(Urbina); ‘“nttzirza’’ (Otomi); “‘bixhumi’’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko); “yutnu-
cate”’ (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Reko); ‘“‘shiiksh’”’ (Mixe, Belmar); “‘coyopa”’ (Zoque,
Gonzales).
The fruit is used in Mexico for various purposes. Some of the Indians of
southern California dried it for winter use. The flowers have a heavy odor.
They are used medicinally in Mexico, and other parts of the plant are used much
as described above. The leaves are sometimes bound upon the forehead to
relieve headache.
Sambucus mexicana bipinnata (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schwerin! is a form with
bipinnate leaves. It was described from Jalapa, Veracruz.
2. Sambucus caerulea Raf. Alsogr. Amer. 48. 1838.
Sambucus glauca Nutt.; Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 13. 1841.
Sambucus neomexicana Wooton, Bull. Torrey Club 25: 309. 1898.
Northern Baja California, Sonora, and Chihuahua. Western United States.
Shrub or tree, sometimes 15 meters high, with a trunk 45 cm. in diameter;
bark dark brown, fissured and scaly; leaflets 5 or 7, lanceolate or oblong, 8 to
12 em. long, attenuate; cymes 10 to 15 cm. broad; corolla 4 to 6 mm. broad;
fruit 5 to 7 mm. in diameter, bluish black; wood soft, weak, coarse-grained, dark
yellowish brown, its specific gravity about 0.50. ‘‘Satico’’ (California).
2. VIBURNUM L. &p. Pl. 267. 1753.
Shrubs or small trees; leaves entire or toothed; flowers small, white, in dense
cymes; calyx 5-dentate; corolla rotate or broadly campanulate, regular, 5-lobate;
fruit drupaceous, 1 to 3-celled.
Numerous species of the genus (mostly known as “black haw’’) grow in the
United States. The fruit is edible, but in most cases insipid. The leaves of
some species have been used in the southern United States as a substitute for
Chinese tea.
Lateral nerves of the leaves straight, prominent, extending to the margin; leaves
conspicuously dentate, often cordate at base, sometimes densely stellate-
tomentose beneath.
Calyx lobes lanceolate, equaling the corolla__-_--_____-__- 1. V. stenocalyx.
Calyx lobes obtuse, much shorter than the corolla.
Cymes long-pedunculate, the peduncles longer than the cymes.
Leaves densely grayish-tomentose beneath____________- 2. V. loeseneri.
Leaves green beneath, sparsely pubescent_-_-___- 3. V. membranaceum,
Cymes short-pedunculate, the peduncles equaling or shorter than the
cymes.
Leaves covered beneath with a dense close whitish tomentum.
4. V. microcarpum.
Leaves glabrate beneath or with a loose coarse tomentum.
Calyelowes MOU Cleese mee eye ee ee oS te 5. V. ciliatum.
1 Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 1909: 34, 328. 1909.
1396 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Calyx lobes ciliate.
Leaves gradually acute or acuminate___-__-__- 6. V. rhombifolium.
Leaves abruptly acuminate or caudate-acuminate.
Calyx hirtellous; leaves pilose on the upper surface.
7. V. tiliaefolium.
Calyx merely glandular; leaves glabrous or nearly so on the
lipper-sirface:- 6S 2th. see See 8. V. caudatum.
Lateral nerves of the leaves curved, inconspicuous, anastomosing before reaching
the margin; leaves entire or nearly so, not cordate at base, never densely
stellate-pubescent beneath.
Cymes sessile.
Leaves broadly rounded at apex, remotely dentate or entire.
9. V. cuneifolium.
Leaves obtuse to acuminate, usually entire______________- 10. V. elatum.
Cymes pedunculate.
Peduncles and branchlets glabrous________________- 11. V. acutifolium.
Peduncles and branchlets variously pubescent.
Leaves pulverulent-tomentose beneath______________- 12. V. suleatum.
Leaves glabrous beneath or with scattered stellate hairs.
Leaves obtusely acuminate; branches of the inflorescence hirtellous.
13. V. hartwegii.
Leaves acutely acuminate; branches of the inflorescence finely stellate-
pubescent.
Calyx lobes acute; leaves entire____________ 14. V. microphyllum.
Calyx lobes obtuse; leaves remotely dentate_____ 15. V. stellatum.
1. Viburnum stenocalyx (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 3. 1881.
Oreinotinus stenocalyx Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1860: 285.
1861.
Type from somewhere in Mexico.
Branches villous-tomentose; leaves oblong-ovate, 6 to 7.5 em. long, acuminate,
obtuse at base, irregularly dentate, stellate-pubescent; cymes pedunculate;
calyx tube glandular.
2. Viburnum loeseneri Graebn. Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 12: 244. 1913.
Described from Mexico, probably from Veracruz.
Branchlets densely stellate-pilose; leaves ovate, 1.5 to 3 em. long, acuminate,
rounded at base, sparsely pilose above, entire or obscurely crenate-dentate;
cymes dense, 6 to 15-flowered, the branches stellate-tomentose.
3. Viburnum membranaceum (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 2.
1881.
Oreinotinus membranaceus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1860:
284. 1861.
Nuevo Leén to Hidalgo and Oaxaca; type from Cuesta de San Juan, Oaxaca.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves ovate or rounded-ovate, 3 to 5.5 cm. long,
acuminate, cordate at base, coarsely serrate-dentate, glabrate above; calyx tube
glandular or glabrate, the Jobes obtuse.
4. Viburnum microcarpum Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 179. 1830.
Viburnum microcarpum evanescens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 313. 1900.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from San Miguel del Soldado, Veracruz.
Shrub or tree, 6 meters high or less; leaves rounded-ovate or suborbicular,
4 to 7 cm. long, obtuse or acutish, dentate, green and glabrate above; cymes
broad, many-flowered; calyx lobes obtuse; corolla 4 mm. broad.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1397
5. Viburnum ciliatum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 251. 1905.
Type from Trinidad Iron Works, Hidalgo, altitude 1,680 meters; Guerrero (?).
Branchlets glandular or glabrate; leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 5 to 10 em.
long, short-acuminate, cordate at base, dentate, ciliate, nearly glabrous; calyx
lobes obtuse; corolla 5 mm. broad.
6. Viburnum rhombifolium (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol.-Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
3. 1881.
Oreinotinus rhombifolius Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhayn Vid. Medd. 1860:
283. 1861.
Mountains of Mexico and Veracruz; type from Mount Orizaba, altitude
2,700 meters.
Shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high, the branchlets stellate-pilose; leaves oblong-
ovate, ovate, or rhombic, 5 to 15 cm. long, coarsely serrate-dentate, appressed-
pilose or glabrate above, loosely stellate-pilose beneath; calyx lobes obtuse.
7. Viburnum tiliaefolium (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 3. 1881.
Oreinotinus tiliaefolius Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1860:
282. 1861.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected between Mirador and Jalapa, Veracruz.
Branchlets loosely tomentose; leaves broadly ovate or rounded-ovate, 7 to 13
em. long, cordate or rounded at base, thin, irregularly sinuate-dentate, ciliate;
cymes broad, many-flowered; corolla 7 mm. broad.
8. Viburnum caudatum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 250. 1905.
Type collected near Trinidad Iron Works, Hidalgo, altitude 1,500 meters.
Shrub or tree, 4.5 to 6 meters high, the branchlets glabrate; leaves rounded-
ovate or rhombic, 9 to 11 em. long, cordate or subcordate at base, obscurely
sinuate-dentate or entire, nearly glabrous beneath; cymes broad, many-flowered;
corolla 6 to 7 mm. broad.
9. Viburnum cuneifolium Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 635. 1909.
Type collected in the Sierra Madre above Monterrey, Nuevo Leén, altitude
750 meters.
Shrub, 3 to 4.5 meters high, the branchlets ferruginous-furfuraceous; leaves
mostly suborbicular, rounded or obtuse at base, glabrous or nearly so; corolla
6 mm. broad.
Probably only a form of V. elatwm.
10. Viburnum elatum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 59. 1840.
?Viburnum densum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 59. 1840.
Michoacan to San Luis Potosi and Mexico; type from Tlapujahua, Michoacan.
Large shrub or small tree, the branchlets furfuraceous; leaves ovate-oblong to
broadly ovate, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. long, acute to rounded at base, glabrous; fruit
black, about 1 em. long. ‘“Tlamahuacatl”’ (Ramirez).
11. Viburnum acutifolium Benth. Pl. Hartw. 59. 1840.
Oreinotinus fuscus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1860: 289. 1861.
Viburnum fuscum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 2. 1881.
Oaxaca; type from Cerro Pelado.
Leaves ovate to lance-oblong, 3.5 to 6 em. long, acutely acuminate, acute to
rounded at base, entire, glabrous, pale beneath; fruit black, 6 to 7 mm. long.
12. Viburnum sulcatum (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 3. 1881.
Oreinotinus sulcatus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjé6benhavn Vid. Medd. 1860: 287. 1861.
Type from Mount Zempoaltepec, Oaxaca.
Branchlets fuscous-tomentose; leaves ovate, about 7 cm. long, obtusely acu-
minate, entire, glabrous above.
1398 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
13. Viburnum hartwegii Benth. Pl. Hartw. 84. 1841.
Chiapas. Central America; type from mountains of Santa Maria, Guatemala.
Shrub or small tree; leaves lance-oblong to oval, 6 to 13 cm. long, long-acu-
minate, acute to rounded at base, pubescent or glabrate beneath; cymes large
and broad; corolla 4 to 5 mm. broad; fruit about 1 em. long. ‘‘Curd” (Costa
Rica).
Perhaps not distinct from V. glabratum H. B. K. of Peru.
The following Mexican names are reported, but they probably belong to other
species: ‘‘Achichil,”’ “‘sunda,” ‘“‘carindapaz’’ (Hidalgo).
14. Viburnum microphyllum (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 3.
1881.
Oreinotinus microphyllus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd. 1860: 293.
1861.
Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from Cuesta de San Pedro Alto.
Shrub or small tree, 6 meters high or less, the branchlets finely stellate-pubes-
cent; leaves oblong to oblong-ovate, 4 to 7 cm. long, acuminate, acute to rounded
at base, glabrous or nearly so; fruit black, 6 to 7 mm. long.
15. Viburnum stellatum (Oerst.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 3. 1881.
Oreinotinus stellatus Oerst. Nat. For. Kjé6benhavn Vid. Medd. 1860: 292. 1861.
Veracruz and Puebla; type from Mount Orizaba, at an altitude of 2,400 meters.
Costa Rica.
Branchlets stellate-pubescent; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 7.5 cm. long,
obtuse or rounded at base, sparsely stellate-pubescent; cymes broad and many-
flowered.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
VIBURNUM PARVIFLORUM Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 243. 1844.
Type from Zacatepec, Oaxaca.
3. ABELIA R. Br. in Abel, Narr. Journ. China App. B. 376. 1818.
Shrubs; leaves short-petiolate, entire or dentate; flowers in chiefly terminal,
few-flowered cymes; calyx 2 to 5-lobate; corolla tubular or funnelform, the limb
5-lobate; fruit a leathery achene.
The other species are natives of Asia.
@orolla.3-tor4. 5.em, Tong es ae ae ee el 1. A. floribunda.
Corollapabout 1.5:em: long aes 2 a ee eee ee ee es 2. A. coriacea.
1. Abelia floribunda (Mart. & Gal.) Decaisne, Fl. Serr. Jard. 2: pl. 5. 1846.
Vesalea floribunda Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 242. 1844.
Vesalea hirsuta Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11!: 242. 1844.
Abelia speciosa Decaisne, Fl. Serr. Jard. 2: pl. 5. 1846.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Pico de Orizaba, Veracruz.
Shrub, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves elliptic-oblong to rounded-ovate, 8 to 30 mm.
long, obtuse, thin, ciliate, nearly entire; calyx lobes sometimes 13 mm. long,
oblong or linear-lanceolate; corolla red-purple.
2. Abelia coriacea Hems!l. Diag. Pl. Mex. 53. 1880.
Nuevo Leén and San Luis Potosi; type from San Luis Potosi.
Leaves oblong-ovate to rounded-ovate, 1 to 2 em. long, obtuse or acutish,
glabrous, coriaceous, lustrous; calyx lobes linear, 7 mm. long or less, puberulent
or hirtellous; corolla puberulent.
4. SYMPHORICARPOS Ludwig, Def. Gen. Pl. 35. 1760.
Shrubs; leaves short-petiolate, entire or on young branches sinuate-lobate;
flowers in axillary or terminal clusters, white or pinkish; calyx 4 or 5-dentate;
corolla salverform, 4 or 5-lobate; fruit a small subglobose 2-seeded berry.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1399
Anthers equaling the, corolla) lobes’. 22 22). 2.2L Lee 1. S. microphyllus.
Anthers shorter than the corolla lobes_._..-._-_____-_--- 2. S. rotundifolius.
1. Symphoricarpos microphyllus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 8: 424. 1818.
Symphoricar pos glaucescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 424. pl. 295. 1818.
Symphoricarpos montanus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 425. pl. 296. 1818.
Margaris barbigera DC. Prodr. 4: 483. 1830.
?Margaris nudiflora DC. Prodr. 4: 483. 1830.
Chiococca axillaris Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 36. 1887.
Coahuila to Colima, Oaxaca, and Veracruz; type from Moran, Hidalgo.
Shrub, 1 to 2.5 meters high; leaves ovate to rounded, 5 to 20 mm. long, obtuse
or acute, pubescent or glabrate, often glaucous beneath; corolla about 1 cm.
long, pinkish; fruit white. ‘‘Perlilla,’’ ‘‘perlitas’”’ (Mexico).
2. Symphoricarpos rotundifolius A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 66. 1853.
Mountains of northeastern Sonora. New Mexico to Idaho, Washington, and
California; type from Santa Rita, New Mexico.
Slender shrub, about 1 meter high; leaves broadly ovate to orbicular, 1 to 2.5
em. long, obtuse or rounded at apex, pubescent beneath; corolla pinkish, 6 to 8
mm. long; fruit white.
5. LONICERA L. Sp. Pl. 173. 1753.
REFERENCE: Rehder, Synopsis of the genus Lonicera, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14:
27-232. pl. 1-20. 1903.
Erect or scandent shrubs; leaves entire; flowers spicate, capitate, or geminate,
often irregular; calyx 5-dentate; corolla tubular, funnelform, or campanulate,
the limb 5-lobate or bilabiate; fruit a fleshy berry, few-seeded.
Some of the Old World species of honeysuckle (Spanish, ‘‘madreselva’’) are
cultivated in Mexican gardens. The flowers of the Old World L. caprifolium L.
are sometimes used in Europe for making perfumery, and a syrup of the fruit has
been employed for treating asthma. The fruits of all species are said to be emetic
and cathartic, and that of L. xylosteum L. is reported to have caused serious
poisoning.
Flowers borne on axillary, mostly 2-flowered peduncles.
Bracts at base of the flowers large, reddish, accrescent in age; leaves acuminate.
1. L. involucrata.
Bracts small, subulate; leaves mostly obtuse or rounded at apex.
2. L. mexicana.
Flowers in terminal spikes or heads.
Upper leaves not united around the stem; corolla about 12 mm. long.
3. L. subspicata.
Uppermost leaves united by their bases around the stem; corolla 1.7 to 5.5
em. long.
Corolla funnelform;, about 2 em. longs. 5*= 2s oee eee 4. L. albiflora.
@orollatubilar,4:to 5:5 .cmylong= ins ca Sets ne eee 5. L. pilosa.
1. Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1: 759. 1825.
Xylostewm involucratum Richards. Bot. App. Frankl. Journ. 733. 1823.
Lonicera mociniana DC. Prodr. 4: 336. 1830.
Distegia involucrata Raf. New Fl. N. Amer. 3: 21. 1836.
Mountains of Chihuahua. Western United States, Canada, and Alaska.
Erect shrub, 1 to 3 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, ovate or oval, 5 to 15
cm. long, sparsely pilose and green beneath; corolla yellow; fruit black, about
8 mm. long.
1400 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
2. Lonicera mexicana (H. B. ™.) Rehder, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14: 65. 1903.
Xylosteum mexicanum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 332. pl. 298. 1818.
Lonicera gibbosa Willd.; Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 257. 1819.
Hidalgo and Oaxaca; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
Erect shrub or tree, 3 to 6 meters high; leaves short-petiolate, oval to oblong-
ovate, 4 to 7 cm. long, sparsely pilose beneath; corolla pink, about 2 em. long.
3. Lonicera subspicata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 349. 1840.
Northern Baja California. California.
Scandent shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oval to narrowly oblong, 1 to 3.5 cm.
long, rounded at apex, pubescent or glabrate beneath; spikes short or elongate,
the flowers yellowish or pale pink.
4. Lonicera albiflora Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 6. 1841.
Lonicera dumosa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 66. 1853.
Lonicera albiflora dumosa Rehder, Rep. Mo. Bot. Gard. 14: 179. 1908.
Sonora, Chihuahua, and Coahuila. Arizona to Texas.
Seandent shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong-ovate to rounded, 3 to 5 em.
long, acute to rounded at apex, glaucous beneath, glabrous or pubescent; flowers
capitate, white or yellowish white.
The typical form of the species has glabrous leaves. The Mexican plants belong
to L. albiflora dumosa, in which the leaves are pubescent beneath.
5. Lonicera pilosa (H. B. K.) Willd.; H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 427. 1818.
Caprifolium pilosum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 427. pl. 298. 1818.
Lonicera tubulosa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 37. 1839.
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosf and Mexico.
Scandent shrub; leaves short-petiolate, oblong to oblong-ovate, 4 to 6 cm.
long, acute or obtuse, glaucous beneath, glabrous or pubescent; corolla yellow or
purplish.
155. GOODENIACEAE. Goodenia Family.
1. SCAEVOLA L. Mant. Pl. 2: 145. 1771.
1. Scaevola plumierii (L.) Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 36. 1791.
Lobelia plumierii L. Sp. Pl. 929. 1753.
Scaevola lobelia Murr. Syst. Veg. ed. 13. 178. 1774.
On coastal rocks and sands, Yucatén; Clarion Island, Baja California. Flor-
ida; West Indies; tropical America.
Fleshy shrub, 1.5 meters high or less; leaves alternate, obovate, 4 to 6 cm. long,
short-petiolate, rounded at apex, glabrous; flowers perfect, white, in axillary
pedunculate cymes; calyx 5-lobate; ovary inferior; corolla 5-lobate, about 2.5
cm. long, the lobes nearly linear, winged, the tube split along one side; stamens 5,
distinct; fruit baccate, oval, 10 to 14 mm. long, black, 2-celled, 2-seeded.
“Bosborén,” ‘‘coralillo”’ (Porto Rico). .
Known in the Bahamas as ‘‘inkberry.’”’ The plant is said to have sudorific
and, in large doses, purgative and emetic properties. It has been employed in
the West Indies as a remedy for venereal diseases.
156. LOBELIACEAE. Lobelia Family.
Several other genera are represented in Mexico by herbaceous species.
1. LOBELIA L. Sp. Pl. 929. 1753.
Shrubs, or usually herbs; leaves alternate, entire or dentate; flowers racemose
or spicate, often leafy-bracted; calyx tube adnate to the ovary; corolla tube
elongate, cleft to the base along one side, the limb 5-lobate, bilabiate; stamens
monadelphous, part or all of the anthers with a tuft of hairs at apex; fruit a
2-celled, loculicidally bivalvate capsule.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1401
Numerous herbaceous species occur in Mexico.
Seaver linear or lance-linear-. 525 S22 Tee ee 1. L. cavanillesiana.
Leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate.
Waly and corde puneseemtes= 4 coe Lote CER ails 2. L. laxiflora.
Calyx anc corolla Clavrous.5 =n 522 en Se ee 3. L. nelsonii.
1. Lobelia cavanillesiana Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. 5: 43. 1819.
Lobelia persicaefolia Cav. Icon. Pl. 5: 12. pl. 518. 1799. Not L. persicaefolia
Lam. 1789.
Lobelia laxiflora angustifolia DC. Prodr. 7: 383. 1839.
Lobelia nelsonti fragilis Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 27. 1907.
Baja California to Durango, San Luis Potosi, Puebla, and Michoacdén.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves short-petiolate, 7 to 15 em. long,
3 to 12 mm. wide, long-attenuate, serrate, glabrous or nearly so; racemes very
leafy, the flowers on elongate pedicels, pubescent or glabrous; corolla 3 to 3.5
em. long, red.
2. Lobelia laxiflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 311. 1818.
Lobelia rigidula H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 311. 1818.
Lobelia lanceolata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 88. 1832.
Siphocampylus bicolor Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. II. pl. 389. 1831-38.
Lobelia ovalifolia Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 301. 1839-40.
Lobelia angulato-dentata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 301. 1839-40.
Lobelia concolor Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11: 15. 1842.
?Lobelia regalis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 503. 1901.
Sonora to Oaxaca and Veracruz; type collected between Cuajiniquilapa and
Acaguisotla, Guerrero. Central America.
Plants herbaceous or suffrutescent, about 1 meter high; leaves sessile or short-
petiolate, 6 to 20 cm. long, 1 to 5 em. wide, acute or acuminate, serrate, usually
densely pubescent beneath; racemes very leafy, the flowers borne on elongate
pedicels; corolla red, 3to4em.long. “‘Zarcilillo” (Jalisco); ‘“diente de chucho,”
“pastorcillo,” ‘‘diente de perro” (El Salvador).
3. Lobelia nelsonii Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 503. 1901.
Type from Huachinango, Jalisco.
Shrub with hard wood; leaves short-petiolate, ovate to lanceolate, 4 to 7 cm.
long, 1 to 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate, serrate, sparsely hispidulous; flowers few, at
the ends of the branches; corolla red, 2.5 to 3 cm. long.
157. ASTERACEAE. Aster Family.
(Contributed by S. F. Blake; the genera Ophryosporus and Eupatorium by B. L.
Robinson, the genus Senecio by J. M. Greenman.')
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, sometimes scandent; leaves opposite or alternate,
rarely whorled, entire to dissected, never truly compound; flowers collected in a
head (this rarely 1-flowered) on a receptacle, surrounded by an involucre of
phyllaries (bracts); corolla gamopetalous, regular, tubular, and 5-toothed (rarely
2 to 4-toothed), bilabiate, or ligulate (flattened, strap-shaped, and usually 2 to
5-toothed), rarely wanting in the pistillate flowers; stamens (in the hermaphrodite
or staminate flowers) almost always 5, united by the anthers or rarely free, insert-
ed on the corolla; ovary inferior, 1-celled, with an erect anatropous ovule; style
usually 2-branched, the branches stigmatiferous inside, often bearing sterile
appendages at apex; fruit an achene, with a single erect exalbuminous seed, often
bearing a pappus of bristles, awns, or scales.—The corollas are of 4 chief sorts,
<5 URS AUR ee oe re i Sek se EE as ee ee
1 The vernacular names and economic notes have been contributed chiefly by
Paul C. Standley.
1402 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
ligulate or strap-shaped, bilabiate, tubular, and filiform. Heads composed of one
kind of flowers only are called homogamous, those composed of two or more kinds
heterogamous; when heterogamous, the central flowers (disk) are always herma-
phrodite, the peripheral pistillate or neutral (lacking the style). Homogamous
heads in which all the flowers are hermaphrodite and have ligulate (in this case
always 5-toothed) corollas are called ligulate; homogamous heads in which all the
corollas are tubular and hermaphrodite or staminate, or filiform and pistillate,
are called discoid. Heterogamous heads in which the peripheral corollas are
ligulate are called radiate; those in which the peripheral flowers are pistillate,
with tubular, filiform, or abortive corollas are called disciform. The receptacle
may be naked, bristly, or paleaceous (bearing pales or chaff). The generic
characters are drawn to a considerable extent from the character of the pappus,
which may be of bristles, awns, scales, or teeth, or reduced to a crown or cup, or
entirely wanting.
KEY TO TRIBES.
Anthers caudate at base.
Corollas all bilabiate, or else (Gochnatia) the involucre of graduate indurate
PD yllaries ce ee a See ne ee ee a ee IX. Mutisieae.
Corollas tubular or filiform; involucre not of indurate phyllaries_IV. Inuleae.
Anthers not caudate at base.
Style branches elongate, acute, hispidulous outside throughout their length.
Hesdanyellow etre a ae eens See he Le ane en eee VIII. Senecioneae.
Heads white or purplish, never yellow.
Achenes not 4-angled and clavate; pappus not consisting of paleae with
BX StrON PS MIT se een eee pe ne Fe eee I. Vernonieae.
Achenes 4-angled, clavate; pappus consisting of paleae with a strong
FTG by 8 6 Bagh A eae a cy a A ae ra eee ed naga ALE A cp eS VI. Helenieae.
Style branches otherwise.
Style branches usually elongate, linear or clavate, obtuse, not hispidulous
outside or at apex, the stigmatic lines only below the middle and
inconspicuous; heads never yellow_______-.___--___- II. Eupatorieae.
Style branches, when elongate, hispidulous outside or at apex, the stigmatic
lines reaching nearly to apex; heads often yellow.
Phyllaries scarious-margined; heads nodding, small, discoid or disciform;
style tips truncate, hispidulous_____.___.___.__-_- VII. Anthemideae.
Phyllaries not scarious-margined, or else heads not nodding or style tips
acute.
Receptacle paleaceous, at least in the staminate heads, or else leaves
chiefly or entirely opposite; pappus not of bristles_V. Heliantheae
Receptacle not paleaceous (rarely bristly), or else leaves alternate.
Pappus present, chiefly or entirely of soft capillary bristles; involucre
not glandular-punctate.
Style tips /acubeses! see ase = Nae ee ee III. Astereae
Style tips truncate or subtruncate____ __ ___-_ VIII. Senecioneae.
Pappus wanting or of squamellae, awns, or stiff bristles, or else in-
volucre glandular-punctate.
Leaves alternate (opposite in one species of Aplopappus).
III. Astereae.
Leaves opposite at least below or else involucre glandular-punctate.
(Exceptions are Venegasia, with large triangular-ovate leaf
blades; Clappia, with densely setose-fimbrillate receptacle;
Psilostrophe, with papery-persistent ligules; Chaenactis, with
discoid ochroleucous heads and a pappus of about 13 long
PaleRe) eek OR baa aa ee a Dee ae VI. Helenieae.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1403
Tribe I. Vernonieae.
Pappus double, the outer series short, subpaleaceous or rarely setose, the inner
PEE LOMe Ch. SCUOS ee a eee a eee ak ee eee 1. VERNONIA.
Pappus (in our species) a low entire crown______.__________2. OLIGANTHES.
Tribe II. Eupatorieae.
Pappus none, or a very short crown.
Heads 3-flowered (in our species); anthers unappendaged at apex.
3. PIQUERIA.
Heads several to many-flowered; anthers appendaged at apex.
nichencsscompressed ees 2 Sf 2 Se 7. OAXACANIA.
Achenes prismatic, 4 or 5-angled.
INCH ETICS Raa OG Gl waren een ee NEON ee a, hh ad 6. JALISCOA.
Achenes 5-angled.
Rappusrentinelyawantingeas2 02s 2 So ele ee le ee 5. ALOMIA.
Pappus alow paleaceous crown_-—--)—2 22 9. AGERATUM.
Pappus present, better developed.
Achenes prismatic and 8 to 10-ribbed, or obovoid and not distinctly ribbed.
Achenes prismatic, 8 to 10-ribbed; receptacle naked.
Pappus of 4 to 14 linear-attenuate scarious-margined awns; phyllaries few,
unequal, subherbaceous__________-__-_-_- 19. CARPHOCHAETE.
Pappus of numerous bristles; phyllaries usually multiseriate, dry and
SUPCIN HRT | TRS aie Mt eR i ke Cea 20. COLEOSANTHUS.
Achenes obovoid, not distinctly ribbed; receptacle paleaceous.
21. DYSCRITOTHAMNUS.
Achenes 4 or 5-ribbed (rarely 2 or 3-ribbed).
Pappus of bristles only.
Phyllaries 4° heads’ 4-flowered_.-..-.=--.22_-2=-25- =. 18. MIKANIA.
Phyllaries and flowers more numerous.
Pappus pristies Geclduous- =. 6-522 25-25_2-=- 15. PIPTOTHRIX.
Pappus bristles persistent.
Anthers without terminal appendage.
Pappus bristles dilated at tip_--------------- 4. DECACHAETA.
Pappus bristles not dilated at tip_._----- 17. OPHRYOSPORWUS.
Anthers with terminal appendage.
Pappus bristles few (5 to 8)----_------- 14. FLEISCHMANNIA.
Pappus bristles numerous__---_------------- 16. EUPATORIUM.
Pappus at least in part of squamellae or awns.
Phyllaries 5 to 8; uniseriate, subequal_________----------- 12. STEVIA.
Phyllaries more numerous.
Anthers unappendaged at apex; pappus of 5 squamellae prolonged into
SWS ee ln eee NE 8 ee a ee ae oe 11. AGERATELLA.
Anthers appendaged at apex; pappus otherwise.
Pappus of 2 to 10 bristles and a few squamellae; involucre strongly
graduate.
Squamellae of pappus evident, paleaceous or scarious.
13. HOFMEISTERIA.
Squamellae of pappus minute, setulose._14. FLEISCHMANNIA.
Pappus of squamellae only, these sometimes united into a paleaceous
crown.
Involucre strongly graduate; pappus of about 15 membranaceous
squamellne? ook ye ee ee see 8. ASCHENBORNIA.
Involucre subequal; pappus of 5 to 10 squamellae, or these united
into a crown.
1404 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Corollas with short tube and scarcely distinct throat.
9. AGERATUM.
Corollas with slender tube, abruptly widened into the throat.
10. OX YLOBUS.
Tribe III. Astereae.
Plants dioecious or polygamo-dioecious.
Plants dioecious, the heads strictly staminate or pistillate.
29. BACCHARIS.
Plants polygamo-dioecious, the staminate heads as in Baccharis, the pistillate
with 1 to 15 central hermaphrodite flowers.
30. ARCHIBACCHARIS.
Plants not dioecious or polygamo-dioecious.
Pappus of squamellae or awns, or wanting.
EPA ARLE ef gO ee ee re 22. SELLOA.
Pappus present.
Pappus of about 10 oblong to lanceolate squamellae; flowers yellow.
23. GUTIERREZIA-
Pappus of about 15 to 30 squamellae or awns; flowers white, changing to
TROTSTESS OFF ij 0) X= Meme Ran WN acai Sa bl pe Ne Seat a <i pha po os 26. GREENELLA.
Pappus of bristles, sometimes with an outer series of short squamellae.
Flowers all yellow, the rays or disk rarely turning purple in age.
Phyllaries in distinct vertical ranks; heads (in our species) discoid,
OU OR sp oe ae ae as 25. CHRYSOTHAMNUS.
Phyllaries not in distinct vertical ranks; heads often radiate, usually
with more than 5 flowers.
Plants not glaucescent, usually resinous or pubescent.
24. APLOPAPPUS.
Plants glaucescent, glabrous, not resinous. Leaves linear, mostly
1 cm. long or less; phyllaries cuspidate-acute or acuminate (A.
COMMLO SUB) ars Pear a ten ae ee ey ye ee ee eae 27. ASTER.
Flowers (at least those of the ray) white to violet.
Involucre distinctly graduate; style tips acute or acuminate__27. ASTER.
Involucre obscurely or not at all graduate; style tips short, obtuse.
28. ERIGERON.
Tribe IV. Inuleae.
Flowers all hermaphrodite, the corollas tubular; pappus stiff, of about 10 bar-
bellate bristles and about 30 shorter, somewhat connate bristles.
34. PELUCHA.
Outer flowers (3 to many) pistillate, with filiform corollas, the inner (1 to many)
hermaphrodite, with tubular corollas; pappus 1-seriate, of essentially equal
bristles.
Heads few (about 4)-flowered, the hermaphrodite flowers solitary.
32. ACHYROCLINE.
Heads many-flowered, the hermaphrodite flowers several or numerous.
Phyllaries,dry; but: not seaniGue: = +42 i/e ote ae he aa e 31. PLUCHEA.
Ay MeO fo ok oe Ne 33. GNAPHALIUM.
Tribe V. Heliantheae.
Plants monoecious. Pistillate involucre gamophyllous, 1 to 8-flowered, the
staminate many-flowered.
Pistillate involucres bearing transverse scarious wings..48. HYMENOCLEA.
Pistillatetinvolucressepiny ot 25S. bo. chert py i 44, FRANSERIA.
9
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1405
Plants not monoecious.
Heads 1 or 2-flowered, glomerate, the proper involucres gamophyllous, 3 to
6-toothed.
Proper involucres tubular, not winged___._____________.___- 35. NOCCA.
Proper involucres at maturity obovoid, 3-winged, corky. :
36. COULTERELLA.
Heads with more numerous flowers, or if 1 or 2-flowered (62. Alvordia), then
involucre not gamophyllous.
Ray flowers pistillate, fertile; disk flowers hermaphrodite, sterile.
Pistillate corollas tubular; leaves opposite.
Achenes loosely inclosed in sac-shaped phyllaries.
37. DESMANTHODIUM.
Achenes not inclosed in sac-shaped phyllaries.
Heads cymose-panicled, not nodding____________ 38. CLIBADIUM.
Heads in racemes or racemiform panicles, nodding_-________ 42. IVA.
Pistillate corollas ligulate; leaves opposite or alternate.
Phyllaries subtending the ray achenes indurate, completely enveloping
the achenes, with a small terminal orifice._40. MELAMPODIUM.
Phyllaries not indurate and completely enveloping the achenes.
Ray achenes obcompressed, their nerviform margins adnate at base
to the two opposed involute pales of the outer disk flowers and
at maturity separating from the body of the achene nearly to
apex, the whole falling together; rays white.
41. PARTHENIUM.
Ray achenes not adnate to the opposed pales; rays yellow, orange, or
purplish red.
Involucre double, the outer phyllaries few, herbaceous, the inner
Submempbranouss eos526s seb 92 ee 78. HIDALGOA.
Involucre not double.
Achenes all epappose, columnar or columnar-obovoid.
39. GUARDIOLA.
Disk achenes pappose, the ray achenes sometimes epappose.
Receptacle elongate-conic, paleaceous throughout; ray
achenes with a single awn; disk achenes (infertile) with
a pappus of 4 basally connate awns__.--45, PHILACTIS 4
Receptacle not elongate-conic, bearing only a single series of
paleae (between the rays and the disk flowers); ray
achenes epappose; disk achenes (infertile) with a pappus
of 6 to 12 awns or squamellae__-___-_- 85. HEMIZONIA.
Ray flowers, when present, pistillate or neutral; disk flowers hermaphrodite,
fertile.
Ray corollas sessile, persistent.
Disk achenes strongly compressed.
Leaves sessile; involucre strongly graduate____________46. ZINNIA.
Leaves short-petioled; involucre not strongly graduate.
47. SANVITALIA.
Disk achenes quadrangular.
Pales straight; pappus wanting or of 2 to 4 minute teeth.
48. HELIOPSIS.
Pales usually uncinate; pappus of 1 or 2 awns, and sometimes 1 or 2
short) squamiell aces sama eae ene aeepeee ees 49. GRYPOCARPHA.
Ray corollas with distinct tube and deciduous, or wanting.
Pappus of plumose awns or squamellae.
Achenes somewhat compressed; involucre strongly graduate, about
SBELIA LOR = See nt eer me Sg se 83. BEBBIA.
e
1406 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Achenes turbinate; involucre less distinctly graduate___84. TRIDAX.
Pappus (when present) not of plumose awns or squamellae.
Achenes subcylindric, about 10 or 15-ribbed________-_ 53. VARILLA.
Achenes not subcylindric, fewer-ribbed.
Aehenes contracted into a conspicuous stipitiform base.
Heads radiate; pappus of 2 awns and several squamellae.
70. PODACHAENIUM.
Heads discoid; pappus of 2 awns__-_-_- 71. ACHAENIPODIUM.
Achenes not contracted into a conspicuous stipitiform base.
Heads 1 to 5-flowered; pappus of 10 to 20 unequal paleaceous
awhs-23t6be IA earls Sy Bee eee 62. ALVORDIA.
Heads with more numerous flowers, or else (52. Montanoa)
pappus wanting.
Involucre distinctly double, the outer phyllaries few, herba-
ceous, the inner submembranous.
Disk achenes (sometimes also the ray achenes) surrounded
and included by the convex pales.
Headstyellow 28 22h sesee S-Ar eats 50. RUMFORDIA.
Heads wiilte 2240s oss Jae aes he 52. MONTANOA.
Disk achenes not surrounded and included by the pales,
these flat or flattish.
Inner phyllaries connate about to middle.
79. THELESPERMA.
Inner phyllaries essentially free.
Achenes distinctly rostrate___________- 81. COSMOS.
Achenes not distinctly rostrate.
Pappus awns antrorse-ciliate or smooth, rarely want-
ing; achenes obcompressed, usually marginate or
Wine. ety tet ae 76. COREOPSIS.
Pappus awns retrorse-hispid (rarely smooth); achenes
(in our species) linear or subquadrangular, not
margined or winged__________-_-_ 80. BIDENS
Involucre not distinctly double.
Achenes obcompressed_-___--.-.---- 77. COREOCARPUS.
Achenes not obcompressed.
Pappus of the disk achenes consisting of 4 to many free,
usually equal or subequal awns or squamellae.
Pappus of deciduous setiform awns.
64. PER YMENIUM.
Pappus of persistent paleaceous awns or squamellae.
Achenes obovoid, somewhat compressed; phyllaries
not indurate_____-_ 69. HYMENOSTEPHIUM.
Achenes subterete or 4 or 5-angled; phyllaries indu-
rate (the outer sometimes herbaceous).
E 82. CALEA.
Pappus of the disk achenes of 2 or 3 awns, with or without
squamellae, or a crown of united squamellae, or want-
ing.
Achenes strongly compressed, flat or flattish.
Pappus of 1 or 2 awns, without squamellae, or want-
ing.
Achenes winged.
Pappus awns unequal, the inner broadly winged,
the outer usually wingless; involucre gradu-
ate, of indurate, usually subherbaceous-
tipped phyllaries____-_- 67. NOTOPTERA.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO
1407
Pappus awns usually equal and wingless (with a
small wing in V. robinsonii, which has a sub-
equal herbaceous involucre).
75. VERBESINA.
Achenes wingless.
Leaves opposite; heads whitish, discoid.
66. SALMEA.
Leaves alternate; heads yellow, usually radiate.
Achenes not very strongly flattened, usually
not white-margined; plants strongly resin-
Re pee ale AACA CY STU 65. FLOURENSIA.
Achenes very strongly flattened, narrowly
white-margined, villous-ciliate; plants usu-
ally not resinous_________ 68. ENCELIA.
Pappus of awns and squamellae.
Disk achenes closely enveloped and hidden by the
transversely rugose pales_51. RH YSOLEPIS.
Disk achenes not closely enveloped by the pales,
the latter not transversely rugose.
Leaves alternate; plants strongly resinous.
65. FLOURENSIA.
Leaves opposite (alternate in Zexmenia brevifolia,
which has pistillate rays) ; plants rarely resin-
OuS.
Rays neutral. U5 7k a. 74. OYEDAEA.
Rays pistillate or wanting.
Achenes margined or winged, the wings not
decurrent on the awns.
72. ZEXMENIA.
Achenes winged, the wings decurrent on the
SWISS 2) os eed 73. OTOPAPPUS.
Achenes thickened.
Rays pistillate.
Pappus of the disk achenes wanting.
Receptacle merely convex; outer phyllaries her-
baceous, the inner membranous.
50. RUMFORDIA.
Receptacle conical; phyllaries all similar.
55. ZALUZANIA.
Pappus of the disk achenes present.
Pappus a 4-toothed crown; phyllaries and pales
spinescent-tipped_______ 56. BORRICHIA.
Pappus a crown of squamellae and usually 2
awns; phyllaries and pales not spinescent-
tipped.
Achenes acutely margined or winged.
72. ZEXMENIA.
Achenes not acutely margined or winged.
Leaves opposite; achenes plump, with
rounded'sideds 242) 57. WEDELIA.
Leaves alternate; achenes subquadrangular.
58. WYETHIA.
Rays neutral or wanting.
Heads large, 5 to 14 em. wide, borne on fistulose
povetoltonaveles| eo oS oe 60. TITHONIA,
7
1408 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Heads much smaller, or else peduncles not fistulose.
Pappus caducous, of 2 paleaceous awns and
often a few squamellae.
63. HELIANTHUS.
Pappus persistent (of 2 slender deciduous awns
in two species of Flourensia) or entirely
wanting.
Heads cylindric; pappus none; involucre
strongly graduate__54. AGIABAMPOA.
Heads not cylindric, or else pappus present or
involucre not strongly graduate.
Pales strongly accrescent, including and
greatly surpassing the achenes.
52. MONTANOA.
Pales not strongly accrescent.
Heads discoid; pappus wanting.
55. ZALUZANIA.,
Heads radiate, or else pappus present.
Pappus a small cup of united squamel-
lae, sometimes with awns added.
59. ASPILIA.
Pappus of usually free squamellae, with
or without 2 awns, or wanting.
Plants strongly resinous; leaves alter-
NACL es 65. FLOURENSIA.
Plants rarely resinous; leaves oppo-
site, at least below (in Viguiera
laciniata alternate and _lacini-
ately repand-lobate).
Pappus present.
; Pappus of 2 awns and several
squamellae.
61. VIGUIERA.
Pappus of few subequal or un-
equal squamellae.
69. HYMENOSTEPHIUM.
Pappus wanting.
Leaves pinnatilobate, or else
silky-pilose or canescent-
strigillose beneath.
61. VIGUIERA.
Leaves not pinnatilobate, neither
silky-pilose nor canescent-
strigillose beneath.
69. HYMENOSTEPHIUM.
Tribe VI. Helenieae.
Involucre distinctly graduate. Heads radiate, yellow.
WheaVES(OPPOSLie! 98 4 4c » =i pete. aE Pe Wasa eee 86. JAUMEA.
Leaves alternate.
Pappus wanting; leaves triangular-ovate_______________ 87. VENEGASIA.
ipa ppusupresent= leaves linear == 2 eae ses openers 88. CLAPPIA.
Involucre equal or subequal (unequal in 95. Chaenactis, which has discoid ochro-
leucous heads).
Rave papery -persistentes-22- = eee eee ee 89. PSILOSTROPHE.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1409
Rays not papery-persistent.
Achenes distinctly compressed, 2-nerved.
Achenes ciliate; pappus of squamellae and usually 1 or 2 awns, rarely
PVCu MRT 3 et RNS at UA look Ga EL Sak oe le pa Pe aged dy 90. PERITYLE.
Achenes not distinctly ciliate; pappus (in our species) of 1 awn, or wanting.
91. LAPHAMIA.
Achenes not distinctly compressed, with more than 2 nerves.
Involucre glandular-punctate or glandular-lined.
Pappus of 5 to 20 paleae, these often aristate-dissected or awned.
99. DYSSODIA.
Pappus setose, the setae sometimes reduced to squamellae.
Beads 4AIsCOld ab wpe pet Ss ee a 100. POROPHYLLUM.
Heads radiate.
Leaves not setose-ciliate; style branches elongate.
101. CHRYSACTINIA.
Leaves setose-ciliate; style branches short_________ 102. PECTIS.
Involucre not glandular-punctate or glandular-lined.
Achenes 10-ribbed; pappus none; heads 2 to 8-flowered, aggregated.
92. FLAVERIA.
Achenes not 10-ribbed, usually 4-ribbed; pappus present; heads with
more numerous flowers, not aggregated.
Pappus of 4 awns alternating with 4 squamellae.____ 93. EUTETRAS.
Pappus otherwise.
Heads radiate, yellow.
Phyllaries about 5; heads in small umbelliform cymes or cymose
panicles; achenes without substipitiform base.
95. ERIOPHYLLUM.
Phyllaries more numerous; heads solitary or cymose-panicled;
achenes with substipitiform base______________ 97. BAHIA.
Heads discoid, white, flesh-color, or ochroleucous.
Pappus oblique, of about 8 paleae, the innermost longest;
leaves opposite, broad, crenate or repand.
98. LOXOTHYSANUS.
Pappus not oblique; leaves alternate, linear or pinnatilobate.
Pappus of 4 to 6 truncate paleae; leaves linear, entire.
94. PALAFOXIA.
Pappus of about 13 acutish paleae; leaves pinnatilobate.
96. CHAENACTIS.
Tribe VII. Anthemideae.
RBS R BOISE SRS Ye a ee es OE oy ka a de 103. ARTEMISIA.
Tribe VIII. Senecioneae.
Involucre distinctly graduate. :
eaves Opposite, not Scaleli kes essa sey ae eee eee 104. LIABUM.
Leaves alternate, all except the lower scalelike___.105. LEPIDOSPARTUM.
Principal phyllaries equal, sometimes with a series of small bractlets at base.
Phyllaries 4 or 5, broadly oval; leaves opposite___._._.106. HAPLOESTHES.
Phyllaries more numerous; leaves alternate.
Phyllaries caudate-attenuate, herbaceous above; involucre without bractlets
at base; leaves glandular-punctate_________ 107. PEUCEPHYLLUM.
Phyllaries neither caudate-attenuate nor herbaceous; involucre bracteolate
at base; leaves not glandular-punctate______________ 108. SENECIO.
1410 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Tribe IX. Mutisieae.
Corollas all regular, tubular, 5-lobed_______________--_-- 109. GOCHNATIA.
Corollas all bilabiate.
Corollas crimson; involucre regularly graduate____________ 110. ONOSERIS.
Corollas yellow or whitish; involucre not regularly graduate.
Corollas*yellow; involucre double... <. +. -S.L2-- Ses. 111. TREIS:
Corollas whitish; involucre nearly 1-seriate_____-_-____----- 112. JUNGIA.
1. VERNONIA Schreb. Gen. Pl. 2: 541. 1791.
REFERENCES: Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 164-235. 1906; Gleason,
N. Amer. Fl. 33: 50-101. 1922.
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, with alternate leaves and small to large, usually purple
heads; involucre cylindric to hemispheric, the phyllaries graduated, dry or indurate’
rarely with herbaceous tips; flowers 1 to very numerous, all tubular, hermaphro-
dite, fertile; receptacle naked; anthers sagittate at base; achenes 4 to 10-ribbed,
sometimes with an apical callous border; pappus biseriate, the outer much
shorter, subpaleaceous or rarely setose, the inner setose.
The root of Vernonia nigritiana Oliver & Hiern of West Africa is said to be
employed as a febrifuge, antidysenteric, and emetic, and to resemble somewhat
ipecac in its therapeutic properties. It contains a glucoside, vernonin, which is a
cardiac poison comparable to digitalin, but less active.
Heads large, the involucre 12 to 20 mm. high.
Phyllaries (at least the outer) with ovate or lanceolate to deltoid, herbaceous,
spreading or reflexed tips.
Leaves green and merely pilose-strigose beneath_-__------_- 1. V. salvinae.
Leaves grayish-tomentose beneath.
Phy llariestclabprouse. = see. a ee eee ee 2. V. mexicana.
Outer phyllaries densely pubescent__________---------- 3. V. callilepis.
Phyllaries without spreading herbaceous tips.
Heads subsessile, in close clusters; phyllaries narrowly lanceolate to linear-
lanceolate, acuminate, obscurely cuspidate; leaves canescent-tomentose
| XGA Cer) Fo eee yee ee ahs Rab pL oct IA gh ets, ND ed Shaan 4. V. arctioides.
Heads pedunculate, not in close clusters; phyllaries oblong, truncate or
rounded, abruptly mucronate; leaves green or griseous-tomentose
beneath.
GR VES ACUTEIAU DASC eo) 2 ee ss ee eee cai pag as oe 5. V. alamani.
Heaves"mounded at Passe). eee ae ee eee 6. V. dictyophlebia.
Heads smaller, the involucre 8 (rarely 10) mm. high or less.
Inflorescence of scorpioid cymes, the heads mostly sessile.
Heads subtended by leafy bracts; involucre 1 cm. high__7. V. schiedeana.
Heads not leafy-bracted; involucre 5 mm. high or less.
Heads. l'l-flowered_-2-2- == es tr ek yi eal eta 8. V. aschenborniana.
Heads 18 to 21-flowered.
Leaves tomentulose or tomentose beneath.
Pappus tawny; achenes pubescent, not glandular___9. V. deppeana.
Pappus white or whitish; achenes pubescent and glandular.
10. V. morelana.
Leaves puberulous to silky-pilose but not tomentose beneath.
Pappus brownish; phyllaries obtuse or acutish__-__~_-_- 11. V. patens.
Pappus white; phyllaries acute or acuminate____12. V. canescens.
Inflorescence of corymbiform or paniculate clusters, the heads mostly pedi-
cellate.
Heads about 22-flowered; involucre 9 to 10 mm. high__13. V. karvinskiana.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1411
Heads 1 to 11-flowered; involucre 3 to 7 mm. high.
Heads 7 to 11-flowered; inner phyllaries not deciduous (except in no. 17).
Leaves floccose-tomentose beneath_________________ 14. V. oaxacana.
Leaves not floccose-tomentose beneath.
Leaves scabrous-pubescent on the veins beneath.
15. V. capreaefolia.
Leaves puberulent or sordid-pilosulous beneath.
Leaves 1.5 to 2 em. wide; phyllaries purple-tipped.
16. V. liatroides
Leaves 3.2 to 5.7 cm. wide; phyllaries whitish___17. V. littoralis.
Heads 1 to 5-flowered; inner phyllaries deciduous.
Heads 1 or 2-flowered.
Phyllaries (at least the middle and outer) distinctly mucronate.
Leaves chiefly oval or obovate; mucros of the middle and outer
phyllaries about 0.2 mm. long__-______-_- 18. V. mucronata.
Leaves chiefly broadly ovate; mucros of the middle and outer
phyllaries about 0.5 mm. long_-__________- 19. V. aristifera.
Phyllaries not mucronate, sometimes apiculate.
Leaves densely canescent or cinereous-tomentose beneath.
Leaves broadly ovate or oblong-ovate, rounded or cordate at
bases 2ebOm (Cin Wi Ges soe =e ieee ee 20. V. monosis.
Leaves elliptic-oblong or oval-oblong, cuneate at base, 1.5 to
4 cm. wide.
Inner phyllaries acute or acuminate.
21. V. tarchonanthifolia.
Inner phyllaries obtuse or rounded__________-_ 22. V. obtusa.
Leaves not densely tomentose beneath.
Leaves oval-ovate or broadly ovate, 3 to 4 cm. wide.
23. V. steetzii.
Leaves elliptic, 2.5 cm. wide or less.
Leaves tufted in the axils of the veins beneath; phyllaries
usually tomentose at apex__________ 24. V. salicifolia.
Leaves not tufted in the axils of the veins beneath; phyllaries
TL OUECOLMCIILOSCHA last DC Se = ee eee ee ee 25. V. pallens.
Heads 3 to 5-flowered.
Leaves very densely tomentose over whole surface beneath.
Phyllaries densely tomentose; achenes glabrous.
Achenes whitish or light brown___-__--------- 26. V. leiocarpa.
Achenes dark brown or purplish brown___27. V. melanocarpa.
Phyllaries not densely tomentose; achenes pubescent.
Leaves ovate, less than twice as long as wide.
28. V. durangensis.
Leaves elliptic to oval-lanceolate, more than twice as long as
wide.
Leaves 6.5 to 7.3 cm. long, less than three times as long as wide.
29. V. oolepis.
Leaves 7 to 19 cm. long, more than three times as long as wide.
30. V. palmeri.
Leaves not densely tomentose over whole surface beneath.
Leaves densely pilosulous at least along the costa beneath.
Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic; phyllaries obtuse to acutish, not
apiculatesith ate er Me On eh SS US 30. V. palmeri.
1412 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves oval; phyllaries acute, mostly apiculate.
31. V. barbinervis.
Leaves not densely pilosulous along the costa beneath.
Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 1.5 to 3 em. wide; achenes
DUDESCENt a5 ee A oa ee ee 32. V. triflosculosa.
Leaves ovate or elliptic, 4.5 to 6 em. wide; achenes glabrous or
Pele is Ue LT aoa MA, ae iy ey om eran ake PARES MS 33. V. heydeana.
1. Vernonia salvinae Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 73. pl. 41. 1881.
Leiboldia salvinae Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 162. 1906.
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Las Nubes, Cerro de Zunil.
Shrubby (?); branchlets lanate or tomentose, glabrescent; petioles 1 to 4 em.
long; leaf blades obovate, or oblanceolate, 10 to 20 cm. long, 4 to 7.5 em. wide,
acuminate, serrulate or serrate; heads few, on peduncles 1 to 6.5 cm. long;
involucre 13 to 18 mm. high, the phyllaries with indurate base and broader, ovate
or deltoid, spreading, herbaceous apex, puberulent or glabrate; heads violet-
purple, 3 to 5 em. wide; pappus tawny.
2. Vernonia mexicana Less. Linnaea 6: 680. 1831.
Leiboldia mexicana Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 163. 1906.
Veracruz; type from Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco.
Shrub; branches cinerous-tomentose; leaf blades obovate, 20 em. long, short-
acuminate, thinly gray-tomentose beneath; involucre 2 em. high, 3 em. wide, the
phyllaries glabrous, the outer with spreading rounded herbaceous tips. (Descrip-
tion compiled.)
38. Vernonia callilepis Gleason, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 81. 1922.
KKnown only from the type locality, La Liberia, Michoac4n or Guerrero.
Shrubby, 1.5 meters high; stem densely griseous-pilose; leaves short-petioled,
the blades elliptic or oval, 14 to 21 cm. long, 5.5 to 7.5 em. wide, acute at both
ends, serrate, griseous-pilose beneath; heads few, 2.5 em. high, the pedicels 5 cm.
long; involucre 2 cm. high, the outer phyllaries linear-lanceolate, foliaceous,
acuminate, spreading, the inner with rounded, membranous purple tips; pappus
brownish.
4. Vernonia arctioides Less. Linnaea 6: 400. 1831.
Diazeuxis ? serrata D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 16: 254. 1830. Not V. serrata
Less. 1829.
Vernonia leiboldiana Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 742. 1847.
Leiboldia ovata Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 742. 1847, as synonym.
Leiboldia arctioides Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 748. 1847, as synonym.
Leiboldia leiboldiana Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 163. 1906.
Leiboldia serrata Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 164. 1906.
Veracruz and Puebla; type from Cuesta Grande de Chiconquiaco.
Suffrutescent, 1 to 2 meters high, the stout angled stem cinereous-tomentose;
petioles about 5 mm. long; leaf blades obovate, 11 to 24 cm. long, 5 to 12 em.
wide, acute, sharply serrate; heads few, in close clusters; involucre 12 to 18 mm.
high, the phyllaries lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, cuspidate, densely
tomentose or glabrescent; flowers purple; pappus white.
5. Vernonia alamani DC. Prodr. 5: 61. 1836.
Morelos to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Suffrutescent (?), 1 to 2 meters high; stem densely cinereous-puberulous;
leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 9 to 14 cm. long, 2 to 7 cm.
wide, tapering to each end, subentire, tomentose-puberulous on the veins beneath
and gland-dotted; involucre 15 to 20 mm. high, glabrous, the phyllaries bearing
mucros 2 to 4 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1413
6. Vernonia dictyophlebia Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 203. 1906.
Guanajuato to Oaxaca; type from Pdtzcuaro, Michoacdn.
Suffrutescent (?), 1 to 2 meters high; stem tomentellous; leaves oval or ovate,
6 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. wide, acute, prominulous-reticulate and griseous-
tomentellous beneath; heads several or numerous, on peduncles 1 to 4 em. long;
mucros of the phyllaries shorter than in the last species.
7. Vernonia schiedeana Less. Linnaea 6: 399. 1831.
?Vernonia fragrans Llave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 24. 1824.
Veracruz and Tabasco; type from Panantla and Misantla, Veracruz. Hon-
- duras and El Salvador.
Scandent, shrubby, 3 meters high; stem puberulous; leaves oval to elliptic,
8 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 5 cm. wide, short-petioled, puberulous or pubescent above
chiefiy along costa, puberulous to densely pilosulous beneath; involucre 1 cm.
high, the outer phyllaries lanceolate, acuminate or mucronate, stiff, the inner
linear-oblong, with loose rounded ampliate brownish tips; heads about 26-
flowered; pappus whitish. ‘‘Flor de borla”’ (Veracruz); ‘‘aroma ’”’ (El Salvador).
8. Vernonia aschenborniana Schauer, Linnaea 19: 714. 1847.
San Luis Potosi to Nicaragua; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrubby, 2 to 5 meters high; stem sordidly puberulous or pilosulous; leaves
elliptic to oblong-ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 3 em. wide, scabridulous above,
usually densely sordid-puberulous or pilosulous beneath; involucre 3 mm. high,
its phyllaries ovate or oval, acute or acutish, greenish, with thickish tips, the
thin narrow pale margins arachnoid-ciliate; pappus becoming tawny. ‘Su-
quinay’’ (Honduras).
The plant is used medicinally.
9. Vernonia deppeana Less. Linnaea 6: 398. 1831.
?Vernonia stellaris Llave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 23. 1824.
Veracruz to Costa Rica; type from Misantla, Veracruz.
Shrubby, up to 6 meters high; stem tomentulose; leaves oblong to oval, 8 to
15 cm. long, 2 to 6 em. wide, densely cinereous or sordid-tomentulose beneath;
involucre 3.5 mm. high, similar to that of V. aschenborniana. ‘‘Suquinay”’
(El Salvador, Guatemala); ‘‘tuete’? (Costa Rica); “‘semem’”’ (Guatemala);
‘‘cihuapatli,” ‘‘zi-tit,’ ‘flor de cuaresma’”’ (Chiapas, Seler); ‘‘rdjate-luego”’
(El Salvador).
10. Vernonia morelana Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 46: 241. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Shrub 3 to 5 meters high; stem gray-tomentose; leaves ovate-oblong, 7.5 cm.
long, 3 cm. wide, scabrous above, finely gray-tomentose beneath; involucre 4 to
4.5 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate to lanceolate, acute or cuspidate, tomentose-
ciliate and somewhat puberulous; achenes thinly pubescent and densely glan-
dular; pappus white or very pale tawny.
11. Vernonia patens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 41. 1820.
?Vernonia lanceolaris DC. Prodr. 5: 87. 1836.
Michoacan (or Guerrero) to Panama and northern South America; type from
Middle America. °
Shrubby, 8 meters high or less; stem tomentulose-puberulous; leaves elliptic
to oblong-elliptic, 5 to 13 cm. long, 1.5 to 4 em. wide, smooth to the touch above,
puberulous, especially on the veins, beneath; panicles large; involucre 4 mm.
high, the phyllaries obtuse or acutish, mostly mucronulate; flowers white.
““Tuete’’ (Costa Rica); ‘‘pie de zope,” “‘suquinayo,” “‘suquinay,” “palo blanco”
(El Salvador).
1414 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
12. Vernonia canescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 35. pl. 317. 1820.
Vernonia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 197. 1915.
Puebla and Guerrero (or Michoacdn) to South America; type from Guanca-
bamba, Peru.
Suffrutescent, 1.3 meters high or less; stem puberulous or tomentose-pilosulous;
leaves chiefly ovate or oval-ovate, 6 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 5cm. wide, sparsely or
usually densely pilosulous or silky-pilose beneath; involucre 3.5 to 5 mm. high,
the phyllaries all lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or usually acuminate;
flowers deep rosy or purplish. ‘‘Hierba de San Juan” (Panama); ‘‘tuete”’
(Costa Rica); ‘‘ciguapate’’ (El Salvador).
13. Vernonia karvinskiana DC. Prodr. 5: 62. 1836.
Oaxaca.
Suffrutescent, 1 meter high; stem purplish, glabrous to sparsely puberulous;
leaf blades elliptic to oblong or ovate-elliptic, 3 to 10 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 em.
wide, scabrous above, pubescent or puberulous beneath chiefly along the venation;
heads umbellate-cymose; involucre purplish, the outer phyllaries subulate, ap-
pressed, the inner lanceolate, mucronulate, with rather loose tips; achenes
gland-dotted.
14. Vernonia oaxacana Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 74. 1884.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from San Carlos.
Shrubby; leaves elliptic-oblong, 10 cm. long, 3 cm. wide, scabrellate above,
floccose beneath; inflorescence hemispheric; heads crowded; involucre 5 mm.
high; phyllaries ovate-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, glabrous, acute, cuspidate.
15. Vernonia capreaefolia Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 200. 1906.
Vernonia ehrenbergiana capreaefolia Schultz Bip.; Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 4: 200. 1906, as synonym.
Jalisco to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Orizaba, Veracruz.
“Suffrutescent,’’ erect, 1 meter high, puberulent or glabrate; leaves broadly
elliptic, 9 to 13 em. long, 2.5 to 5 em. wide, acute, coarsely serrate, very scabrous
above, nearly glabrous beneath except along the prominent veins; involucre 5
mm. high; phyllaries ciliate, the outer lanceolate, cuspidate, the inner ovate-
oblong or oblong, acute or mucronulate; pappus nearly white.
16. Vernonia liatroides DC. Prodr. 5: 34. 1836.
Eupatorium tulanum Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 324. 1882.
Tamaulipas to Veracruz; western Mexico; type collected between Tula,
Hidalgo, and Tampico, Tamaulipas.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent; stem puberulent; leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, 5 to 8 em. long, 1.5 to 2 em. wide, serrate, scabrellate above, fer-
ruginous-puberulous beneath; heads in rounded subumbellate cymes; involucre
3 to 4 mm. high; phyllaries lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, nearly glabrous,
cuspidate; pappus flavescent. ‘‘Tlamalacatilacotli’’ (Morelos, Seler).
17. Vernonia littoralis T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 3. 1899.
Eremosis littoralis Gleason, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 100. 1922.
Known only from the type locality, Socorro Island.
Shrubby; stem sordid-puberulous; petioles 7 to 17 mm. long; blades broadly
ovate or oval-ovate, 6 to 9 cm. long, 3.2 to 5.7 em. wide, serrulate, above smooth,
subglabrate, beneath sordid-pilosulous with crisped hairs especially along the
venation; heads 7 or 8-flowered, in rounded corymbiform panicles; involucre
6 mm. high, whitish, the phyllaries ovate to (inner) linear-oblong, acutish to
obtuse, ciliate, the inner deciduous; achenes whitish, glabrous or sparsely
puberulous.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1415
18. Vernonia mucronata Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 19. 1917.
Monosis foliosa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 19. 1839.
Vernonia foliosa Schultz Bip. Pollichia 18-19: 161. 1861. Not V. foliosa
Gardn. 1846.
Eremosis foliosa Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 228. 1906, as to synonym.
San Luis Potosf and Jalisco; type from Bolafios, Jalisco.
Low shrub, cinereous-tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blades oval-ovate or ovate,
4 to 6.5 cm. long. 2 to 3.3 cm. wide, thin-coriaceous, entire or sparsely denticulate,
closely cinereous-tomentose on both sides, glabrescent above, becoming merely
tomentulose-puberulous beneath; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, purplish, the
phyllaries acute to acuminate, the middle and outer with short mucros; achenes
densely villous.
19. Vernonia aristifera Blake, sp. nov.
?Vernonia steetzii callilepis Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 297. 1856.
Eremosis foliosa Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 228. 1906, as to description.
Eremosis callilepis Gleason, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 98. 1922, at least as to de-
scription. Not V. callilepis Gleason, 1922.
Jalisco; type collected at Rio Blanco (Palmer 678 in 1886; U. S. Nat. Herb.
no. 49992).
Similar to V. mucronata; leaves mostly broadly ovate, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, 2.2
to 4.5 em. wide, densely and persistently cinereous-tomentose beneath, glabres-
cent above; phyllaries more acuminate than in V. mucronata and with longer
mucros.
20. Vernonia monosis Schultz Bip. Linnaea 20: 507. 1847.
Turpinia ? tomentosa Lex. in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 24. 1824
Not Vernonia tomentosa Ell, 1822.
?Vernonia paniculata DC. Prodr. 5: 23. 1836.
Monosis tomentosa DC. Prodr. 5: 77. 1836.
Eremosis tomentosa Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 229. 1906.
Jalisco to Querétaro; type from Mt. Quinceo, near Morelia.
Shrubby, up to 2.5 meters high, densely cinereous-tomentose; leaf blades 8 to
12.5 em. long, glabrescent above, densely cinereous-tomentose beneath with
loose tomentum; panicles very large; involucre purplish, 5 mm. high, tomentose
at base, the phyllaries acute or acuminate; achenes densely appressed-pubescent.
21. Vernonia tarchonanthifolia (DC.) Schultz Bip. Linnaea 20: 507. 1847.
Monosis tarchonanthifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 77. 1836.
Oliganthes karwinskii Schultz Bip. Linnaea 20: 505. 1847.
Eremosis tarchonanthifolia Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 230. 1906.
Oaxaca.
Shrub 3 to 6 meters high; stem densely cinereous-tomentose; leaf blades 6 to 9
em. long, green and glabrescent above, densely cinereous-tomentose beneath;
involucre purplish, 6 mm. high; achenes gland-dotted and rather sparsely his-
pidulous.
22. Vernonia obtusa (Gleason) Blake.
Eremosis obtusa Gleason, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 99. 1922.
Known only from the type locality, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi.
Shrub; stem cinereous-tomentose, glabrescent; leaves petioled, the blades oval-
oblong, 5 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 em. wide, acute, cuneate at base, entire or den-
ticulate, densely and loosely griseous-tomentose beneath; involucre 6 mm. high,
the phyllaries brown or purple, the outer ovate, obtuse or rounded, tomentose,
the middle and inner obtuse or rounded, ciliate, glandular above; achenes glandu-
lar, otherwise essentially glabrous.
1416 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
23. Vernonia steetzii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 297. 1856.
Eremosis steetzii Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 230. 1906.
Chihuahua; type from the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico.
Shrubby, sordid-puberulous; petioles 2 to 6 mm. long; leaf blades 5 to 10 cm.
long, 3 to 5.5 cm. wide, scabridulous above, hispidulous on the venation beneath;
involucre brownish white or slightly purplish-tinged, essentially glabrous; achenes
densely appressed-pilose.
24. Vernonia salicifolia (DC.) Schultz Bip. Linnaea 20: 507. 1847.
Monosis salicifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 77. 1836.
Vernonia uniflora Schultz Bip. Linnaea 20: 506. 1847.
Eremosis salicifolia Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 231. 1906.
Puebla to Oaxaca; type from near ‘‘ Guchinapa”’ and Cuernavaca.
Stem tomentulose or tomentose; leaf blades elliptic or narrowly oblong-elliptic,
4 to 8.5 em. long, 1 to 2 em. wide, densely gland-dotted on both sides, loosely
arachnoid-pilose, glabrescent; involucre purplish; achenes densely appressed-
pilose. ‘‘Ahuitule’”’ (Urbina).
25. Vernonia pallens Schultz Bip. Pollichia 18-19: 161. 1861.
Eremosis pallens Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 228. 1906.
Eremosis leiophylla Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 231. 1906.
Vernonia leiophylla Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 18. 1917.
Morelos and Michoacdén or Guerrero; type from Mexico, without definite
locality.
Shrubby, 3 to 5 meters high, the branches glabrate; petioles 3 to 4 mm. long;
leaf blades lanceolate to elliptic, 4 to 8.5 cm. long, 1.1 to 2.5 em. wide, acute,
entire or obscurely serrulate, glabrous or nearly so on both sides; phyllaries
whitish, brownish, or purplish, acute, ciliate; achenes sparsely short-villous.
26. Vernonia leiocarpa DC. Prodr. 5: 34. 1836.
Eremosis leiocarpa Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 232. 1906.
“Southern Mexico’’; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Guatemala.
Shrubby, densely sordid or cinereous-tomentose; petioles about 1.5 cm. long;
leaf blades elliptic-oblong or elliptic-ovate, 8 to 14 cm. long, 2 to 6 cm. wide,
greenish or grayish above, densely and softly cinereous or sordid-tomentose
beneath; phyllaries densely sordid-tomentose on their exposed portions. ‘‘ Palito
de negro” (Guatemala); ‘‘palo de asma”’ (El Salvador).
Employed in El Salvador as a remedy for asthma.
27. Vernonia melanocarpa (Gleason) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 18.
1917.
Eremosis melanocarpa Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 232. 1906.
Veracruz to Guatemala; type from Chupadera, Guatemala.
Stem densely puberulous, subglabrate; petioles 1.4 to 2.2 cm. long; leaf blades
oval or elliptic-ovate, 6 to 10.5 cm. long, 2.2 to 5 em. wide; phyllaries colorate
only at apex, sordid-pilose at base and apex and on margin.
28. Vernonia durangensis Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 22: 587. 1924.
Eremosis ovata Gleason, Bull. Torrey Club 40: 331. 1913. Not V. ovata
Less. 1829.
Vernonia gleasoni Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 17. 1917. Not V. glea-
sonit Ekman, 1914.
Known only from the type locality, San Ramén, Durango.
Shrubby, the stem tomentulose; petioles about 1.2 em. long; leaf blades ovate
or elliptic-ovate, 6.8 to 9 cm. long, 3.5 to 5 cm. wide, densely canescent-tomentose
beneath, the veins about 10 pairs, prominent beneath; heads (3 or) 4-flowered,
forming a broad panicle; involucre 5.5 mm. high, the phyllaries tomentulose at
apex; achenes pilose.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1417
29. Vernonia oolepis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 20. 1917.
Eremosis oolepis Gleason, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 97. 1922.
Yucatdn; type from Izamal.
Shrub, the stem densely pilose-tomentose, subglabrate; petioles 2 to 4 mm.
long; leaf blades oval-lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, about 7 em. long, 2.8
em. wide, acuminate at each end, glabrous above, densely and sordidly pilose-
tomentose beneath, the veins about 5 pairs, obscure; heads subsessile, 4-flowered;
involucre 5.5 mm. high, the phyllaries pale, rounded at apex, ciliate; achenes
sparsely pilosulous, blackish brown. ~
30. Vernonia palmeri Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 1: 101. 1891.
Eremosis palmeri Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 233. 1906.
Vernonia chacalana Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 19. 1917.
Sonora to Durango and Tepic; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Shrub 5 meters high or less, the stem densely cinereous-tomentulose; petioles
3 to 18 mm. long; blades elliptic, elliptic-oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, 6 to 18
em. long, 1.5 to 5.5 cm. wide, remotely serrulate, beneath densely griseous-
tomentulose or pilosulous, or sometimes glabrescent except along the veins;
heads 3(rarely 4 or 5)-flowered; involucre whitish or sometimes purplish-tinged,
the phyllaries more or less ciliate; achenes pubescent.‘ Tacotillo”’ (Sinaloa).
31. Vernonia barbinervis Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 297. 1856.
Eremosis barbinervis Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 232. 1906.
Sinaloa; type from the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico.
Shrubby, about 3 meters high, the stem subglabrous; petioles 1 to 1.5 cm.
long, obscurely puberulous; leaf blades oval, 8 to 12 em. long, 4 to 5 em. wide,
rounded to subacute, cuneate at base, subglabrous above, densely pubescent
along costa beneath, atleast when young, and tufted in the axils of the veins;
heads 3-flowered; involucre whitish or brownish-tinged, the phyllaries broadly
ovate to oblong-ovate or oblong, acute and often apiculate. ‘‘Tacotillo”’
(Sinaloa).
32. Vernonia triflosculosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 40. 1820.
Gymnanthemum congestum Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 20: 110. 1821.
Vernonia triantha Schauer, Linnaea 19: 714. 1847.
Vernonia luxensis Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 20: 41. 1895.
Vernonia dumeta Klatt, ‘‘Leopoldina Bot. Beibl. 1. 1895.”
Colima to Costa Rica; type collected near Acaguisotla, Guerrero.
Shrubby or arborescent, the stem cinereous-tomentulose, glabrescent; petioles
5 to 10 mm. long; leaf blades elliptic or oblanceolate, 5.5 to 12 em. long, 1.3 to
3 em. wide, subglabrous above, subglabrous to thinly tomentulose beneath;
heads 3-flowered; involucre whitish, 5 mm. high, the phyllaries rotund-ovate to
oblong, obtuse to (inner) acuminate, ciliate or ciliolate; achenes pubescent.
“Tubusi’ (Costa Rica); ‘‘rdjate luego,” ‘‘sauquillo,”’ ‘‘suquinay prieto,”’
“barreto”’ (El Salvador).
33. Vernonia heydeana Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 20: 42. 1895.
Eremosis heydeana Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 234. 1906.
Southern Mexico. Guatemala; type from San Miguel Uspantain, Department
of Quiché.
Shrubby, the stem puberulent or glabrate; leaves elliptic or ovate, 8 to 10 em.
long, 4.5 to 6 cm. wide, acute at each end, sparsely pubescent above, thinly
tomentose beneath or glabrescent; involucre 6 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate
to oblong-ovate, obtuse, ciliate; achenes glabrous or minutely glandular.
1418 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
VERNONIA HYPOLEUCA DC. Prodr. 5: 27. 1836. Probably not a Vernonia.
VERNONIA PURPURASCENS Schultz Bip.; Walp. Rep. 2: 945. 1843. Hremosis
purpurascens Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 233. 1906. This species has
been referred by Gleason ! to the synonymy of Eremosis tomentosa (= Vernonia
monosis), but the heads are described as 3-flowered, while they are 1-flowered in
that species.
2. OLIGANTHES Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (1817: 10. 1817, hyponym;)
1818: 58. 1818.
REFERENCE: Gleason, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 4: 235. 1906.
1. Oliganthes oxylepis Benth.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 233. 1873.
Known only from the type locality, Yucatan or Tabasco.
Suffrutescent (?), “0.5 to 0.6 meters high;”’ stem tomentose; leaf blades
rhombic, 8 to 11 em. long, 3 to 4.5 em. wide, acute at each end, crenate-dentate,
short-petioled, quickly glabrate and green above, densely ochroleucous-tomentose
beneath; heads 8 or 9-flowered, sessile or subsessile in small clusters at tips of
branches; involucre 9 to 10 mm. high, about 6-seriate, graduate, the phyllaries
dry, lanceolate, glabrous, cuspidate-attenuate, erect or slightly spreading at tip;
achenes turbinate, 7 or 8-ribbed, glabrous; pappus a low entire crown.
3. PIQUERIA Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 18. pl. 235. 1795.
REFERENCE: Robinson, Revision of the genus Piqueria, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42:
4-16. 1906.
The genus was named for A. Piquer, a Spanish physician of the eighteenth
century. Piqueria trinervia Cav., a widespread herbaceous species of Mexico,
is grown frequently in greenhouses for its handsome fragrant white flowers. The
following vernacular names are reported for this species: ‘‘ Hierba del tabardillo”’
(Puebla, Jalisco); “‘hierba de San Nicolas,” ‘‘ yoloxiltic,’’ ‘‘xoxonitzal’”’ (Hidalgo);
“tabardillo” (Zacatecas). An infusion of the leaves is employed locally as a
remedy for typhoid fever.
1. Piqueria serrata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 25. 1880.
San Luis Potosi; type from Alvdrez Mountains.
Shrubby; stem obscurely bifarious-puberulous; leaves opposite, short-petioled,
the blades ovate-oblong, 7 to 9 em. long, 2.5 to 4 em. wide, acuminate, abruptly
narrowed at base, coarsely and sharply serrate; heads small, numerous in small
rounded cymose panicles, 3-flowered; phyllaries elliptic-ovate, 3-nerved, rounded,
mucronate, erose-ciliate; flowers white; achenes 5-angled, glabrous, with a
deciduous annulus.
la. Piqueria serrata angustifolia Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III.
50: 151. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca.
Leaves lanceolate, obscurely crenate-serrate.
4. DECACHAETA DC. Prodr. 5: 133. 1836.
1. Decachaeta haenkeana DC. Prodr. 5: 133. 1836.
Sinaloa to southern Mexico; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Suffrutescent, erect; leaves alternate, the blades oblong or obovate-oblong,
8.5 to 25 cm. long, 2.3 to 5 cm. wide, serrate, reticulate, short-petioled, puberulous
beneath; heads numerous, sessile and clustered on short peduncles in thyrsoid
panicles on axillary branches; heads 7 mm. high; involucre graduated, the
phyllaries dry, scarious-margined; flowers whitish; achenes black, 5-angled;
pappus bristles 10 to 15 in a single series, hispidulous, slightly dilated at tip.
1N. Amer. Fl. 33: 100. 1922.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1419
5. ALOMIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 151. pl. 354. 1820.
REFERENCE: Robinson, Revision of the genus Alomia, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49:
438-454. 1913.
1. Alomia isocarphoides (DC.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 449. 1913.
Coelestina isocarphoides DC. Prodr. 5: 107. 1836.
Coelestina tsocarphoides dentata DC. Prodr. 5: 107. 1836.
Ageratum isocarphoides Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 82. 1881.
Carelia isocarphoides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891.
Type from Mexico, without definite locality; doubtfully recorded from
Veracruz.
Suffruticose, hispid-pubescent; leaves opposite, the blades lanceolate, acumi-
nate, subsessile, 3-nerved, scabrous above, velvety-villous beneath; heads about
25-flowered, corymbose; pappus none. (Description compiled.)
A doubtful species.
6. JALISCOA §S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 153. 1890,
Suffrutescent; leaves opposite or ternate, ovate, thin, slender-petioled, tripli-
nerved; heads small, in dense corymbiform panicles terminating stem and
branches; involucre 2-seriate, equal, dryish; receptacle paleaceous; flowers white;
achene 4-angled, slender; pappus a mere border or a lacerate-fimbriate crown.
Only the two species here listed are known.
Pappus an obscure entire callous border; leaves sharply serrate__1. J. pringlei.
Pappus a lacerate-fimbriate crown; leaves obtusely serrate or crenate-serrate.
2. J. pappifera.
1. Jaliscoa pringlei 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 153. 1890.
Known only from the type locality, Rio Grande de Santiago, barranca of
Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Erect, branched, obscurely puberulous, 1.6 to 2.6 meters high; leaf blades ovate,
6 to 12 cm. long, acuminate, sharply and closely serrate, loosely glandular-
puberulous beneath, more densely so along the veins.
2. Jaliscoa pappifera Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 22: 587. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, near Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Similar; leaves obtusely serrate or crenate-serrate, sparsely puberulous beneath
with mostly appressed hairs; pappus a lacerate-fimbriate crown about 0.3 mm.
high.
The stems of this and the preceding species are always more or less densely
riddled by elliptic holes, evidently made by weevils, which sometimes extend quite
through the stem.
7. OAXACANIA Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 151. 1895.
1. Oaxacania malvaefolia Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 151.
1895.
Oaxaca and Puebla; type from Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca.
Suffrutescent, much branched, very leafy, densely glandular-pubescent, about
1 meter long; leaves alternate, the blades roundish, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, shorter
than the petioles, about 5-lobed, the lobes again lobulate; heads 1 to 1.2 cm.
high, panicled, pedunculate; involucre about 5-seriate, graduated, the phyllaries
dryish, vittate; receptacle paleaceous; flowers white; achenes linear, strongly
compressed, blackish, hispidulous with subglandular hairs; pappus a_ short
lacerate crown.
8. ASCHENBORNIA Schauer, Linnaea 19: 716. 1847.
1. Aschenbornia heteropoda Schauer, Linnaea 19: 716. 1847.
Known only from the type locality, Tacubaya, State of Mexico.
1420 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Pubescent shrub; leaves opposite, the blades broad-ovate, 2.5 to 3.7 cm. long
and about as wide, acute, coarsely acuminate-serrate, venose, scabrous above,
resinous-punctate and pubescent on the veins beneath, very short-petioled;
heads 4 to 6 at apex of branches, short-pediceled; involucre cylindric-subhemi-
spheric, the phyllaries imbricate, membranaceous, the outer small, the inner
oblong-linear, very obtuse, glabrous; receptacle paleaceous; flowers white; achenes
subtetragonous, villous, 4mm. long; pappus of about 15 membranaceous fimbriate
obtuse squamellae about 1 mm. long. (Description compiled.)
9. AGERATUM L. Sp. Pl. 839. 1753.
REFERENCE: Robinson, Revision of the genus Ageratwm, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49:
454-483. 1913.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves usually opposite, ovate or lanceolate; heads usually in
a terminal corymbose cluster on a long peduncle; involucre usually campanulate,
2 or 3-seriate, subequal, with narrow, somewhat indurate phyllaries; receptacle
naked or paleaceous; achenes 5-angled; pappus a paleaceous crown (in all the
following species) or of distinct or basally united, sometimes aristate squamellae.
Receptacle paleaceous.
Leaves densely gray-pilose or tomentose beneath.
Leaves lanceolate to ovate, acuminate to acute or obtusish, densely dotted
with reddish glands beneath..22..) ose toto) eee see 1. A. paleaceum.
Leaves ovate, obtuse or acute, not obviously gland-dotted beneath.
2. A. albidum.
Leaves green and sparsely puberulous beneath.
Leaves elongate-lanceolate, attenuate, sharply serrate.
8a. A. salicifolium annectens.
Leaves ovate, acutish, crenate_____._____----------- 3. A. elassocarpum.
Receptacle naked.
Leaves ovate to ovate-oblong, about twice as long as wide, if rarely lanceolate
then narrowed to an obtuse tip.
Leaves dull green or only slightly shining above, beneath dull and usually
rather densely pubescent.
Leaves densely whitish-tomentose beneath_________-_ 4. A. tomentosum.
Leaves from nearly glabrous to grayish-tomentose beneath.
5. A. corymbosum.
Leaves bright green and shiny above, beneath paler but green, and sparsely
puberulous on the nerves.
Leaves crenate-serrate; corollas bluish; stem subglabrous. :
6. A. scabriusculum.
Leaves serrate; corollas white; stem densely incurved-puberulous.
7. A. lucidum.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, attenuate, 3 to 5 times as long as wide.
: 8. A. salicifolium.
1. Ageratum paleaceum (C. Gay) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 83. 1881.
Coelestina paleacea C. Gay; DC. Prodr. 5: 107. 1836.
Carelia paleacea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891.
Ageratum rhytidophyllum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 476. 1901.
Oaxaca; type collected near City of Oaxaca.
Frutescent, about 60 cm. high; leaves short-petioled, the blades lanceolate to
ovate, acuminate to acute, beneath reticulate, canescent-pilose, and densely
dotted with reddish glands, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, 8 to 22 mm. wide; corollas purplish
blue toward apex.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1421
2. Ageratum albidum (DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 81. 1881.
Coelestina albida DC. Prodr. 5: 107. 1836.
Carelia albida Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891.
Oaxaca; type collected between Oaxaca and Mitla.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent, up to 60 em. high; leaves short-petioled, the
blades ovate, 2.5 to 6 cm. long, 1.5 to 3.8 cm. wide, obtuse or merely acute,
densely dull-pilose beneath, the glands pale and obscure; flowers white.
This species is described by Robinson as an herbaceous perennial, as it is in
two of the sheets in the National Herbarium; Nelson’s no. 1208, however, is
truly woody below.
2a. Ageratum albidum nelsonii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 471. 1913.
Oaxaca; type collected between Zanantepec and Papana.
Leaves larger and thinner, broadly ovate, 6 to 11 cm. long, 2.5 to 4.5 em.
wide; petioles longer; corollas apparently bluish.
3. Ageratum elassocarpum Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 22: 588. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Tonald, Chiapas.
Base not seen; stem herbaceous above, over 50 em. high; leaves on petioles
8 to 15 mm. long, the blades triangular-ovate, 3.5 to 7 em. long, 1.5 to 2.8 em.
wide, narrowed to an obtuse tip, rather dull above, beneath equally green,
puberulous along the veins and densely punctate with light glands; heads small,
4 mm. high, the phyllaries and pales somewhat indurate-cuspidate; achenes
1.3 mm. long.
4. Ageratum tomentosum (Benth.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
84. 1881.
Coelestina tomentosa Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd.
1852: 71. 1852.
Carelia tomentosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891.
San Luis Potosf and Puebla to Costa Rica; type from Candelaria, Costa Rica.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent; leaves short-petioled, the blades ovate to triangu-
lar-ovate, 2 to 6.5 em. long, 1 to 4 cm. wide, obtuse, dull above, densely whitish-
tomentose beneath; flowers bluish purple or white.
5. Ageratum corymbosum Zuccagni; Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 402. 1807.
“Sparganophorus ageratoides Lag. Elench. Pl. 25. 1815.”
Ageratum coelestinum Sims in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 42: pl. 1730. 1815.
Coelestina coerulea Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 6: Suppl. 8. 1817.
Coelestina ageratoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 151. 1820.
Coelestina suffruticosa Sweet, Hort. Brit. 229. 1826.
Coelestina corymbosa DC. Prodr. 5: 108. 1836.
Coelestina lessingiana Klotzsch; Walp. Repert. Bot. 2: 545. 1843.
Carelia corymbosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891.
Coelestina sclerophylla Woot. & Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16: 176. 1913.
Sonora to Zacatecas and the Valley of Mexico. Texas. Type locality not
stated.
Suffrutescent or fruticose, up to 70 em. high; leaves very variable, the blades
2 to 11 em. long, ovate to oval or rarely lanceolate, obtuse to acute, from nearly
glabrous to dull grayish-tomentose beneath, dotted with pale or reddish glands;
flowers violet or white. ‘‘Cielitos.”
Numerous varieties and forms based on leaf form and color are described by
Robinson.!
1 Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 475-477. 1913.
1422 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
6. Ageratum scabriusculum (Benth.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
83. 1881.
Coelestina scabriuscula Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd.
1852: 72. 1852.
Carelia scabriuscula Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891.
Western Mexico (between San Blas and Tepic) to Costa Rica; type from Volean
El Viejo, Costa Rica.
Herbaceous or suffruticose, decumbent; leaf blades ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, 1 to
3.5 em. wide, crenate-serrate, shining above, beneath duller green, sparsely
puberulous along the veins; corollas glabrous, bluish; pappus usually dentate.
7. Ageratum lucidum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 475. 1901.
Morelos; type from Sierra de Topaxtlin, near Cuernavaca.
Frutescent, up to 50 em. high; leaf blades ovate, 1.5 to 6 em. long, 7 to 25
mm. wide, obtuse or acute, firm, shining above, beneath light-punctate, sparsely
puberulous along the veins; heads broader than high, rather large; corollas white,
glandular; pappus subentire.
8. Ageratum salicifolium Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 83. 1881.
Ageratum strictum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 83. 1881.
Carelia salicifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891.
Carelia stricta Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891.
Jalisco to Morelos; type collected between San Blas and Tepic.
Herbaceous or fruticose, up to 1.8 meters high; leaves short-petioled, the
blades narrowly lanceolate, 4.5 to 11 em. long, 0.5 to 1.7 cm. wide, attenuate,
remotely serrate or subentire, green both sides, beneath sparsely puberulous
along the veins and densely dotted with yellowish glands; corollas whitish,
glandular-dotted; achenes 1.5 to 2 mm. long.
8a. Ageratum salicifolilum annectens Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 22:
588. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, near Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Receptacle paleaceous except in center, the pales linear-subulate.
10. OXYLOBUS Moc.; A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 25. 1879.
REFERENCE: Robinson, Revision of the genus Ozylobus, Proc. Amer. Acad.
49: 483-487. 1913.
Fruticose or suffrutescent, densely glandular-pubescent; leaves opposite,
subcoriaceous, not punctate; heads cymose-panicled; involucre subequal, the
phyllaries subherbaceous, ribbed; receptacle naked; achenes 5-angled; pappus of
5 to 10 unequal, deeply lacerate squamellae.
The genus contains only the following species.
Stem leafy throughout.
Leaves elliptic, entire or subentire, 2 to 10 mm. wide_____1. O. arbutifolius.
Leaves oval or oval-ovate, crenate, 10 to 18 mm. wide__2. O. glanduliferus.
Leaves chiefly basal, obovate, those of the stem few and remote.
3. O. adscendens.
1. Oxylobus arbutifolius (H. B. K.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 26.
1879.
Ageratum arbutifolium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 149. 1820.
Phania arbutifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 115. 1836.
‘Phania trinervia DC. Prodr. 5: 115. 1836.
Oxylobus trinervius Moc.; DC. Prodr. 5: 115. 1836, as synonym.
Carelia arbutifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891.
High mountains, Puebla; type from Mount Nauhcampatepetl or Cofre de
Perote, altitude about 3,110 meters.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1423
fruticose, decumbent, cespitose, the branches up to 60 cm. long, very leafy;
leaves subsessile or short-petioled, the blades elliptic, 8 to 20 mm. long, 2 to 10 mm.
wide; heads crowded, white, about 7 mm. high.
2. Oxylobus glanduliferus (Schultz Bip.) A. Gray; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 75.
1884.
Ageratum glanduliferum Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 82.
1881.
Carelia glandulifera Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891.
High mountains of Oaxaca; type from Mount Zempoaltepec.
Frutescent, up to 1.3 meters high, leafy; leaf blades oval or oval-ovate, 2 to
3.5 cm. long, 10 to 18 mm. wide, crenate, the lower petioled; heads white or bluish,
7 to 8 mm. high.
3. Oxylobus adscendens (Schultz Bip.) Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad.
41: 272. 1905.
Ageratum adscendens Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 80. 1881.
Carelia adscendens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 325. 1891.
High mountains of Puebla, Hidalgo, and State of Mexico; type from Mount
Orizaba. .
Searcely frutescent, creeping and leafy at base; stem herbaceous, up to 50 cm.
high, bearing 3 or 4 remote pairs of leaves; leaf blades obovate or spatulate-
obovate, 2 to 4 em. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, crenulate, narrowed into a shorter
petiole; heads crowded at tip of stem, about 8 mm. high.
11. AGERATELLA A. Gray in 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 419. 1887.
REFERENCE: Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 271. 1905.
Frutescent or suffrutescent, with slender stems and alternate or opposite leaves;
heads numerous, small or medium, somewhat racemose-paniculate; involucre
strongly graduated, the dryish scarious-margined phyllaries more or less in 5
vertical ranks; receptacle naked; achenes 5-angled; pappus of 5 scarious lance-
ovate squamellae prolonged into hispidulous bristles much longer than the achene.
The genus contains only two species.
Leaves opposite, broadly ovate, rhombic-ovate, or obovate__1. A. microphylla.
Leaves alternate, linear to linear-oblanceolate____---_-__-_------ 2. A. palmeri.
1. Ageratella microphylla (Schultz Bip.) A. Gray in 8. Wats. Proc. Amer.
Acad. 22: 419. 1887.
Ageratum microphyllum Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 298. 1856.
Decachaeta seemanni Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 239. 1873; Hemsl. Biol.
Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 78. pl. 42. 1881.
Ageratella microphylla seemanni A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22:
419. 1887.
Sinaloa (?) and Jalisco; type from the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico.
Shrubby, about 30 em. high, much branched; leaves mostly opposite, short-
petioled, the blades broadly ovate to rhombic or obovate, 6 to 12 mm. long,
4 to 7 mm. wide, crenate-serrate, veiny, finely puberulous and gland-dotted;
heads clustered in the axils and toward tip of stem, cylindric, 8 mm. high, forming
a very narrow, loosely spicate panicle.
2. Ageratella palmeri (A. Gray) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 272. 1905,
Ageratella microphylla palmeri A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 419.
1887.
Sinaloa and Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Suffrutescent, less branched, up to 60 em. high; leaves alternate, the blades
narrowly oblanceolate to linear, 10 to 22 mm. long, 1.5 to 3.5 mm. wide, subentire
or sparsely toothed; heads 7 mm. high, numerous in a close or rather loose, spicate
or racemelike panicle.
57020—26——8
1424 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
12. STEVIA Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 32. 1797.
Shrubs or herbs, often glutinous, with mostly opposite leaves; heads small, 5 to
8-flowered (in all the following species), corymbose-panicled; phyllaries 5 to 8,
subequal, stiffish, subherbaceous; corollas all tubular, slender, white or purplish;
achenes slender, usually 5-ribbed, glabrous or hispidulous; pappus of 2 to 12
short squamellae, or slender awns, or both.
Leaves more or less densely griseous-pubescent to canescent-tomentose beneath.
Leaves 2.5 cm. long or less; involucre densely canescent-tomentulose.
1. S. tephrophylia.
Leaves 2.5 em. long or more; involucre green, rarely griseous-tomentellous.
Leaves obscurely petioled, lance-linear, entire, densely canescent-tomentose
beneath: 2. S22. a eee ee eee 2. S. revoluta.
Leaves distinctly petioled, lanceolate to ovate, almost always toothed, grise-
ous-pubescent or puberulous beneath.
Hairs of branches and leaves mostly glandular-capitate.
3. S. glandulosa.
Hairs of branches and leaves not glandular-capitate.
Involucre griseous-tomentellous, 4 mm. high; leaves ovate or ovate-
elliptic; petioles 3 to 7 mm. long_------------ 4. S. dictyophylla.
Involucre merely griseous-pilosulous or griseous-pubescent; leaves
oblong-ovate to lance-ovate or lance-oblong; petioles usually 8 to
ZO eT AO et ee es Rae ae 5. S. subpubescens.
Leaves glabrous or sparsely pubescent beneath.
Leaf blades oval-ovate, obtuse, coarsely crenate, 3.2 cm. long or less, nearly
fp: Wide nsvlomgs S31 5S tee 5 tS de ee . ae 6. S. berlandieri.
Leaf blades linear to ovate or oval-ovate, usually acute, much longer than wide.
Leaves with all veins (including the secondaries) strongly prominulous-
reticulate especially beneath.
Pappus:of awns and squamellae..c22 = 2s eee 7. S. nervosa.
Pappus of short squamellae only.
Stem and leaves pubescent... __..eiiseee fe) glee 8. S. madrensis.
Stem and leaves glabrous.
Heads in very dense subglobose glomerules solitary at tips of stem
and branches of inflorescence; leaves 8 to 14.5 cm. long, their
Teetnv ACU teks 25s aa et ek ee 9. S. phlebophylla.
Heads densely corymbose-paniculate, not glomerate; leaves 7 cm.
long or less.
Leaves obtuse to acute, 13 mm. wide or less; petioles 3 mm. long
OMSOSSS 023.2 Re es ee, ee 10. S. venosa.
Leaves acuminate, 25 to 30 mm. wide; petioles 20 mm. long.
11. S. nitida.
Leaves obscurely veined, or at least with the secondaries not prominulous.
Leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, 1 cm. wide or less.
Leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate, obtuse, entire, 4 cm. long and
4 mm. wide, or smaller; heads few____---_------- 12. S. collodes.
Leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, often toothed, usually
6 to 8 em. long.
Leaves linear-filiform to very narrowly linear-lanceolate, entire or
sharply toothed, 0.8 to 4 mm. wide_____-__- 13. S. stenophylla.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, usually serrulate,
HSUally.5) tol O mma twide: 292 2ose. a eee 14. S. salicifolia.
Leaves lanceolate to ovate or oval-ovate, rarely less than 1 cm. wide.
Young branches white-lanate, becoming arachnoid, finally glabrate.
: 15. S. seleriana.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1425
Young branches not white-lanate or arachnoid.
Stem villous-pubescent above; pappus of about 10 narrowly linear
awns about 0.3 mm. long________________ 16. S. microchaeta.
Stem glabrous or merely puberulous above; pappus otherwise.
Leaves distinctly petioled, the petioles usually 10 to 25 mm. long.
Leaves obtuse or obtusish, ovate, crenate-serrate; stem cineras-
cent-puberulous above__________ __ __ 17. S. pyrolaefolia.
Leaves usually acute to acuminate, if obtusish of different
siapes 2) sas. 2. pee RT teak anim Go aie 18. S. lucida.
Leaves sessile or on petioles 6 mm. long or less.
Leaves sessile, very acute, serrate__.__________ 19. S. connata.
Leaves short-petioled or with short petioliform bases.
Pappus awns 2 to 10, nearly or quite equaling the corolla;
leaves toothed.
Stem thinly velutinous at apex; awns of pappus 10 to 12,
equaling the achenes______________ 20. S. haenkeana.
Stem glabrous or sparsely pubescent toward apex; awns of
pappus 2 to 5, much longer than the achenes.
21. S. vernicosa.
Pappus awns wanting or solitary.
Leaves*entire, 6 cm. long or less.
Leaves 3.5 to 6 cm. long; squamellae 0.2 mm. long.
22. 8. flourensioides.
Leaves 3.3 cm. long or less; squamellae 0.6 mm. long.
23. S. integra.
esvies serrate, 7.0 cm. long- 222-2... 2 24. S. scabrella.
1. Stevia tephrophylla Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 22: 590. pl. 54. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Los Pinos, Chiapas.
Shrub about 25 cm. high, branched, densely cinereous-tomentulose; leaves
opposite, the blades ovate to oval, obtuse, rather abruptly narrowed into the
cuneate-margined petioliform base, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, 7 to 13 mm. wide, crenulate,
dull cinerascent-green above, densely cinereous-tomentulose beneath; corymbs
very dense, about 2.8 em. wide, little exceeding the leaves; flowers white; in-
volucre 4.8 mm. high; pappus of 2 or 3 awns and about 6 squamellae.
2. Stevia revoluta Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 617. 1909.
Mountains of Puebla; type from Cerro de Gentile, altitude 2,135 to 2,440
meters.
Shrubby, about 0.5 meter high, dichotomously branched, densely sordid-
puberulous above; leaves opposite, the blades linear-lanceolate, 3.5 to 7 cm.
long, 3 to 7 mm. wide, acuminate at each end, entire, usually revolute, subsessile,
densely canescent-tomentose beneath, dull green and puberulous above; panicles
3.5 to 8 cm. wide; involucre glandular-pilosulous; flowers white; pappus of short
lacerate squamellae.
3. Stevia glandulosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 296. 1840.
Sonora, Jalisco, and Tepic; type from Jalisco.
Shrubby, dichotomously branched, densely and sordidly spreading-pubescent
with chiefly gland-tipped hairs; leaves opposite, the blades ovate, 2.5 to 4 cm.
long, 1 to 2.2 em. wide, acutish, rounded-cuneate at base, serrate, densely
glandular-pubescent especially beneath, on petioles 0.5 to 1.5 cm. long; heads
densely crowded, the panicles 3 to 5 em. wide; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high,
pubescent with both glandular and eglandular spreading hairs; flowers white;
pappus of squamellae only. ‘‘ Merba’’ (Tepic).
1426 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
4. Stevia dictyophylla Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 617. 1909.
Guanajuato and Jalisco; type from Guanajuato.
Shrubby, crisp-tomentellous; leaves opposite, the blades ovate or oval-elliptic,
3.5 to 6 cm. long, 12 to 25 mm. wide, acutish, entire or obsoletely crenate-dentate,
above scabriusculous, beneath paler, crisp-puberulous, prominently reticulate-
nervose, on petioles 3 to 7 mm. long; panicles dense, 12 to 14 em. wide; involucre
4 mm. long, griseous-tomentellous; flowers white; pappus of minute squamellze.
5° Stevia subpubescens Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 28. 1816.
Sonora to Valley of Mexico and Oaxaca.
Shrub 1 to 1.6 meters high, branched, griseous-puberulous; leaves opposite,
the blades lance-oblong or lance-ovate, 4 to 9.5 cm. long, 1.3 to 2.8 cm. wide,
acuminate or acute, at base acutely cuneate, serrulate or subentire, above green,
glabrescent or puberulous, beneath densely or sparsely griseous-puberulous or
sometimes merely hispidulous along the costa, on naked petioles mostly 1 to 3
cm. long; heads in rather dense panicles usually 3 to 8 em. wide; involucre densely
or sometimes sparsely griseous-pilosulous or puberulous; flowers white; pappus
of short squamellae only.
6. Stevia berlandieri A. Gray in Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 73. 1859.
Nuevo Leén and Tamaulipas; type from San Carlos, Tamaulipas.
Shrubby, about 0.5 meter high, glandular-dotted but essentially glabrous;
leaves opposite, the blades oval-ovate, 1.5 to 3 em. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, obtuse
or acutish, sparsely crenate-serrate, at base rounded or subtruncate, essentially
glabrous, on petioles 1 to 2 cm. long; panicles rather dense, 4 cm. wide or less;
involucre 6 mm. high, dotted with sessile glands; corollas apparently pinkish;
achene glabrous; pappus coroniform, short.
6a. Stevia berlandieri podadenia Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 616. 1909.
San Luis Potosi.
Branches, petioles, and leaves crisp-pubescent; involucre stipitate-glandular.
6b. Stevia berlandieri anadenotricha Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 617.
1909.
Southwestern Chihuahua.
Densely crisp-puberulous; leaves 4 to 5 cm. long, 3.5 to 4 em. wide; involucre
3 to 4 mm.,high, crisp-puberulous, not glandular.
7. Stevia nervosa DC. Prodr. 5: 117. 1836.
Known only from the type locality, near Villalpando, Guanajuato.
Shrubby, the branches densely short-velutinous; leaves opposite or alternate,
the blades elliptic, 12 to 30 mm. long, 10 to 12 mm. wide, subacute, at base atten-
uate, subserrate, thinly pubescent both sides, the nerves prominulous beneath;
branches subhirtellous; heads crowded; involucre subhirtellous; achene glabrous;
pappus of squamellae and 1 to 3 awns. (Description compiled.)
No specimens of this species have been examined, and its position here in the
genus is inferential.
8. Stevia madrensis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 382. 1886.
Known only from the type locality, among pines on summit of mountains,
Cumbre, above Batopilas, Chihuahua, altitude 2,685 meters.
Suffrutescent, about 30 em. high, branched, incurved-hispidulous; leaves oppo-
site, the blades narrowly elliptic or lance-elliptic, 3 to 6 cm. long, 5 to 9 mm.
wide, obtuse or acute, cuneate into the barely petioled base, serrulate, sparsely
pubescent and strongly venose both sides, paler green beneath; panicles dense,
1.2 to 2 em. wide; involucre sparsely appressed-pubescent; flowers lilac-purple;
pappus coroniform.
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1427
9. Stevia phlebophylia A. Gray in 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 419. 1887.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Shrubby, about 1 meter high, simple or slightly branched, glabrous; leaves
opposite, the blades oblong-elliptic or oval-ovate, 8.5 to 14 em. long, 2 to 6 cm.
wide, serrulate or sharply serrate, acuminate, cuneate at base, glabrous and
glaucescent, very veiny, on petioles 1 cm. long or less; panicles very dense,
glomerate, terminating stem and branches of inflorescence; involucre spreading-
pubescent and glandular; flowers white; achene glabrous; pappus short, coroni-
form.
10. Stevia venosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 382. 1886.
Chihuahua; type collected 150 miles north of Batopilas.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous, about 0.5 meter high, simple, glabrous but gland-
dotted; leaves opposite or alternate, the blades elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 3 to 6
em. long, 8 to 20 mm. wide, acute or obtuse, at base cuneate, glabrous, glaucescent,
very veiny; panicles dense, 4 to 9 em. wide; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, incurved-
puberulous and glandular; flowers purplish-tinged; achene hispidulous; pappus
short, coroniform.
11. Stevia nitida Walp. Linnaea 14: 320. 1840.
Mexico; definite locality not known.
Fruticose ?, glabrous, oppositely branched; leaves opposite, on petioles about
20 mm. long, the blades ovate-elliptic, about 7 cm. long, 25 to 30 mm. wide,
acuminate, serrate, glabrous, shining above, glaucous beneath, penninerved;
corymb many-headed, terminal; phyllaries obtuse; achene glabrous; pappus
coroniform. (Description compiled.)
No specimens of this species have been examined, and its position here is
inferential.
12. Stevia collodes Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 93. 1903.
Puebla; type from calcareous hills near Tehuacdn.
Shrub about 0.5 meter high or less, oppositely branched, viscid, puberulous
above; leaves opposite, sessile or subsessile, linear or linear-oblanceolate, 1.5 to
4 cm. long, 1.5 to 4 mm. wide, obtuse, narrowed at base, entire, thick, obscurely
veined, obscurely puberulous or glabrous; heads few, in small subumbelliform
panicles about i to 2 em. wide; involucre 7 to 9 mm. long, the phyllaries acute;
corollas white, 8.5 to 9 mm. long, glandular except on teeth; achene hispidulous
above; pappus coroniform.
13. Stevia stenophylla A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 25. 1879.
Stevia foliosa Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S. 1163. 1903.
Chihuahua to Querétaro; type collected near San Luis Potosi. Texas.
Slender, oppositely branched shrub, 0.2 to 0.6 meter high, incurved-puberulous
chiefly above; leaves opposite, linear-filiform to very narrowly linear-lanceolate,
or rarely narrowly lanceolate, 3 to 8 cm. long, 0.8 to 4 mm. wide, acuminate,
narrowed into a petioliform base, entire or sharply toothed, essentially glabrous;
panicles dense, flattish, 2 to 8 cm. wide; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high, subglabrous
or sparsely puberulous; flowers white; achene sparsely hispidulous; pappus of
awns and squamellae, rarely of squamellae only.
14. Stevia salicifolia Cav. Icon. Pl. 4: 32. pl. 354. 1797.
?Stevia angustifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 149. 1820.
Durango to Mexico and Puebla.
Shrub about 0.6 meter high or less, oppositely branched, appressed-puberulous,
especially above, or nearly glabrous; leaves opposite, the blades narrowly lan-
ceolate, linear-lanceolate, or lance-elliptic, 3 to 10 em. long, usually 5 to 10 mm.
wide, acuminate at each end, entire or usually serrulate, on petioles 3 to 10
mm. long; panicles dense, flattish, 2.5 to 14 em. wide; involucre 5 mm. high,
.
1428 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
viscid and sparsely puberulous; flowers white; achene finely hispidulous; pappus
usually of awns and squamellae, rarely of squamellae only. ‘‘Hierba del aire”’
(Hidalgo, Villada).
14a. Stevia salicifolia nana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 25. 1879.
San Luis Potosi. A dwarf viscid form, with narrowly lanceolate or oblan-
ceolate, sometimes obtuse leaves only 2 to 3.3 cm. long and 2 to 7 mm. wide.
It makes a near approach to the closely related Stevia stenophylla A. Gray.
15. Stevia seleriana Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 327. 1900.
Known only from the type locality, in mountain woods between San Carlos
and Santo Bartolo, Yautepec, Morelos.
Stoutish shrub, white-lanate in youth, soon arachnoid, finally glabrate; leaves
opposite, on petioles 1.8 em. long, the blades oblong, 8 to 10 cm. long, 2.3 to 3
em. wide, crenate, subentire toward the acutish apex, glabrous; panicle 4 cm.
wide; involucre 5 to 6 mm. long; flowers apparently white; pappus squamellate.
16. Stevia microchaeta Schultz Bip. Linnaea 25: 291. 1852.
Known only from the type locality, near Oaxaca.
Suffruticulose, somewhat viscous, villous-pubescent above; leaves opposite,
lanceolate, 7.5 cm. long, 12 to 14 mm. wide, acuminate at each end, subserrate;
panicle compact, very many-headed; involucre 6 mm. long, glabrescent or slightly
pubescent, the phyllaries acuminate; achene glabrous, elongate; pappus of about
10 narrowly linear, acute, subcaducous, entire setae about 0.3 mm. long. (De-
scription compiled.)
17. Stevia pyrolaefolia Schlecht. Linnaea 16: 326. 1842.
Known only from the type locality, ‘‘Mount Kakandé en la Encarnacién,”
Mexico.
Fruticose, cinerascent-puberulous above; leaves opposite, petioled, ovate,
rarely obovate or subspatulate, 5 to 6.3 em. long, 20 to 25 mm. wide, obtuse,
cuneate-attenuate at base, glabrous, depressed-crenate-serrate; panicles small,
compact; involucre 6 mm. long, the phyllaries obtuse; pappus of squamellae and
1 or 2 awns. (Description compiled.)
18. Stevia lucida Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 28. 1816.
?Stevia glutinosa oaxacana DC. Prodr. 5: 116. 1836.
?Stevia grandidentata Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 75. 1884.
Stevia oaxacana Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 75. 1884, as synonym.
Jalisco and San Luis Potosf to Oaxaca; type from Ixmiquilpan and Zimapén
(‘‘Cimmapan’’), Hidalgo. Costa Rica.
Shrub about 1 meter high, very viscous, glabrous or puberulous in the inflor-
escence; leaves opposite, on petioles usually 10 to 25 mm. long, the blades lance-
ovate or lanceolate, sometimes ovate or oval-ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, (0.7) 1.2 to
4 em. wide, acute or acuminate, rarely obtusish, at base acute to rounded, serru-
late to crenate-serrate, glabrous; panicles dense, 7 cm. wide or less; involucre 5 to
6 mm. long, the phyllaries obtuse to acute; flowers white or purplish-tinged;
achene finely hispidulous; pappus of awns and squamellae, or of squamellae only.
“Hierba de San Marcos.”
19. Stevia connata Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 27. 1816.
Mexico, without definite locality.
Fruticose, 2 meters high or more, strict, glabrous; leaves opposite below,
alternate above, oblong-lanceolate, sessile and connate at base, serrate, very
acute; panicle fastigiate; flowers white; pappus of awns and squamellae. (De-
scription compiled.)
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1429
20. Stevia haenkeana DC. Prodr. 5: 122. 1836.
Mexico, without definite locality.
Suffruticulose at base, oppositely branched, thinly velutinous at apex; leaves
opposite, on petioles 6 mm. long, the blades elliptic, 24 to 28 mm. long, 12 mm.
wide, attenuate at each end, dentate; phyllaries acuminate; achenes scabrius-
culous; pappus of 10 to 12 awns as long as the achene. (Description compiled.)
21. Stevia vernicosa Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 33. 1904.
Morelos and Mexico; type from Sierra de Tepoztlin, Morelos.
Shrub about 1 meter high, oppositely branched, very viscid, glabrous and
verrucose, sometimes somewhat pubescent above; leaves opposite, the blades
lance-elliptic to oblanceolate, 1.5 to 4.5 em. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, acute or
obtuse, narrowed into a petioliform base, serrulate, glabrous, glutinous; panicles
dense, small, leafy-bracted; involucre 6 to 8 mm. high, the phyllaries ciliolate,
acuminate; flowers white; achene hispidulous; pappus of minute squamellae and
2 to 5 awns about 8 mm. long.
22. Stevia flourensioides Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 22: 589. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Mount Ixtaccihuatl, State of Mexico,
altitude 3,355 to 3,660 meters.
Shrub 0.3 meter high and more, very viscid, loosely puberulous above with
many-celled hairs, oppositely branched; leaves opposite, elliptic to oblong-
elliptic, 3.5 to 6 em. long, 5 to 16 mm. wide, obtuse or acutish, cuneately nar-
rowed to a subpetiolate base, thick, entire, with obscure veins; panicles 4.5 to
6.5 em. wide, dense, leafy-bracted; involucre 7 to 8 mm. high, the phyllaries
obtuse to acute; flowers white; achene hispidulous; pappus coroniform, 0.2 mm.
long.
23. Stevia integra Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 22: 589. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de la Paila, Coahuila.
Frutescent, about 25 em. high, sparsely branched, puberulous, especially above,
with ascending or appressed hairs; leaves opposite, scattered above, elliptic to
elliptic-obovate, 2.5 to 3.8 cm. long, 4 to 9 mm. wide, acute or obtusish, narrowed
into a petioliform base, thick, entire, sparsely pubescent on the costa beneath or
glabrous, obscurely veined; panicles dense, 1 to 2.8 em. wide; flowers white;
involucre 6 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse, sparsely puberulous; achenes hispid-
ulous; pappus of squamellae 0.6 mm. long, rarely with a single awn added.
24. Stevia scabrella Benth. Pl. Hartw. 19. 1839.
Known only from the type locality, Bolafios, Jalisco.
Suffrutescent, glabrous; leaves subternate, very short-petioled, the blades
oblong-elliptic, 7.5 em. long, 3.8 cm. wide, acute at each end, sparsely serrate,
above glabrous and scabrellous; panicle very dense, fastigiate; phyllaries acute;
pappus of very short squamellae. (Description compiled.)
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
Srevia ELLIPTICA Hook & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 434. 1840-41.
Known only from the type locality, between San Blas and Tepic.
Tall, shrubby, glandular-pubescent; leaves opposite, elliptic or ovate-elliptic,
serrate, triplinerved, at base short-attenuate and sessile; heads glomerate; Pappus
of 3 or 4 awns as long as the corolla. (Description compiled.)
Apparently related to S. glandulosa Hook. & Arn.
13. HOFMEISTERIA Walp. Repert. Bot. 6: 106. 1846-47.
Suffrutescent or truly shrubby, branched; leaves alternate or opposite, fleshy,
dentate to tripinnatisect, the petioles usually much longer than the blades;
heads solitary on long peduncles, or panicled, medium-sized; involucre campanu-
late, many-seriate, strongly graduate, of narrow acuminate dryish phyliaries;
1430 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
receptacle naked; achenes linear or prismatic, 2 to 5-ribbed; pappus longer than
achene, of 2 to 15 hispidulous bristles and few squamellae, the latter sometimes
parted into shorter bristles, or of aristate-tipped squamellae.
Heads panicled; leaves merely dentate.
Leaf blades orbicular or broadly ovate, 0.4 to 2.4 em. long, half as long as
Lie peliclesermmore: ul) site Shh Se pee eee 1. H. laphamioides.
Leaf blades lanceolate or lance-ovate, 2 to 10 mm. long, many times shorter
bhan. the petieled4 — a) 6taee oT ot pied ste at eoed) lets 2. H. pluriseta.
Heads solitary on long peduncles; leaves lobed to bipinnatisect.
Leaves very fleshy, bipinnatisect into truly linear segments; squamellae
dissected. to. base into. bristles ...- 2-t = 2 5 abe deet 3. H. crassifolia.
Leaves less fleshy, lobed to bipinnatisect, the ultimate segments not linear;
squamellae|not.dissecteds ic: 2 122 1b asenlecel photons 4. H. fasciculata.
1. Hofmeisteria laphamioides Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 79. 1890.
Hofmeisteria pluriseta laphamioides I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV.
12: 1186. 1924.
Baja California; type from San Pedro Martir Island.
Shrub 0.6 meter high, glandular-puberulous; leaves chiefly opposite, the blades
suborbicular to deltoid-ovate, 0.4 to 2.4 em. long and wide, crenate to dentate,
obscurely or not at all lobed, shorter than the petioles; heads panicled, white;
involucre 8 to 10 mm. high, the outer phyllaries with short, obscurely herbaceous,
sometimes spreading tips; pappus bristles about 10 to 12, sometimes chaffy-dilated
at base, with usually as many alternating squamellae.
la. Hofmeisteria laphamioides pauciseta (I. M. Johnston) Blake.
Hofmeisteria pluriseta pauciseta I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad IV. 12:
1187. 1924.
Baja California; type from San Pedro Nolasco Island, Gulf of California.
Pappus setae 5 to 8, alternating with 5 to 8 oblong squamellae.
2. Hofmeisteria pluriseta A. Gray in Torr. U. 8. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif.
4: Bot. 96. pl. 9. 1857.
Northern Baja California. Southwestern United States; type from Bill
Williams Fork, Arizona.
Shrubby, much branched, glandular-puberulous, about 30 cm. high; leaves
opposite or alternate, the blades chiefly lanceolate or lance-ovate, 2 to 10 mm.
long, 1 to 4 mm. wide, entire or few-toothed, on petioles about 2.5 cm. long;
heads white; involucre 6 to 8 mm. high; longer pappus bristles about 12, ir-
regularly alternating with about as many much shorter narrow scarious squa-
mellae or bristles.
3. Hofmeisteria crassifolia S$. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 53. 1889.
Sonora; type from Guaymas.
Suffrutescent, glabrous, with stout branches; leaves alternate, the blades 1 to
1.5 cm. long, triangular in outline, once or twice ternately parted into linear
fleshy lobes; heads pink, broader than high; phyllaries glabrous, with erose
margins; longer pappus bristles 5, the squamellae dissected into shorter bristles.
The flowers are said to be very fragrant.
4. Hofmeisteria fasciculata (Benth.) Walp. Repert. Bot. 6: 106. 1846-47.
Helogyne fasciculata Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 20. pl. 14. 1844.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Suffruticose or frutescent, essentially glabrous; leaves opposite below, alternate
above, the blades deltoid or suborbicular in outline, 1.5 to 4 em. long and wide,
ternately parted or lobed, the lobes again irregularly lobed, the ultimate
divisions oblong to triangular; involucre resinous-atomiferous; flowers lilac;
pappus bristles 2 or 3; squamellae 2 or 3, linear, merely laciniate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1431
4a. Hofmeisteria fasciculata xanti A. Gray in Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif.
1: 299. 1876.
Hofmeisteria fasciculata grayi T. 8S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 160. 1903.
Southern Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Similar, but leaves merely 3-lobed halfway to middle, the lobes broad, sparsely
repand-dentate.
4b. Hofmeisteria fasciculata pubescens (8. Wats.) Robinson, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 47: 192. 1911.
Hofmeisteria pubescens 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 54. 1889.
Baja California; type from Mulejé.
Densely glandular-pubescent, usually taller than the type; leaves often more
finely divided than in the typical form.
14. FLEISCHMANNIA Schultz Bip. Flora 33: 417. 1850.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous; leaves opposite or alternate, dentate to biter-
nately parted; heads (in the following species) solitary on long peduncles, the
involucre many-seriate, strongly graduate, the phyllaries dry, acuminate, striate;
receptacle naked; achenes linear, 5-angled; pappus of 5 to 8 bristles, with minute
setulose squamellae between them, or the latter united into a low crown or
obsolete.
Stem densely glandular-pubescent____.._____________-__-__- 1. F. schaffneri.
Stem glabrate below, sparsely glandular-pilose above__________ 2. F. urenifolia.
1. Fleischmannia schaffneri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 101. 1879.
San Luis Potosf and Jalisco; type from San Francisco, San Luis Potosi.
Suffrutescent, about 20 cm. high; leaves chiefly alternate, the blades triangular
in outline, about 1 cm. long and wide, once or twice ternately parted into spatu-
late-linear, sparsely dentate lobes 3 mm. wide or less; flowers whitish or purplish-
tinged; pappus of 5 or 6 bristles and a low denticulate crown.
2. Fleischmannia urenifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol.
Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 91.1881, as F. uwrenaefolia.
Phania ? urenifolia Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 297. 1840.
Fleischmannia langlasset Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 273. 1905.
Tepic and Michoacdn or Guerrero; type from Tepic.
Leaves alternate, the blades trifid or pinnately trisect with stalked trifid ter-
minal lobe, the segments obtuse; phyllaries linear-acuminate, except for a few
ovate outer ones. ‘‘Clavellilo.”
15. PIPTOTHRIX A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 383. 1886.
Suffrutescent (or herbaceous?), slender, branched; leaves opposite, ovate, peti-
olate or subsessile; heads small, in close small panicles; involucre about 2-seriate,
of mostly subequal, dryish or subherbaceous phyllaries; flowers white; achenes
5-angled; pappus a single series of capillary deciduous bristles.
All the known species of the genus are included in this treatment.
Stem and branches glabrous.
Petioles 1 to 3 em. long; leaves triangular or deltoid-ovate, 3 to 7 cm. wide.
Petioles 1 to 1.5 em. long; leaves deltoid-ovate, with 25 to 30 pairs of teeth,
the pubescence of the under leaf surface chiefly incurved.
1. P. goldmanii.
Petioles mostly 2 to 3 em. long; leaves triangular-ovate, with 11 to 18 pairs
of teeth, the pubescence of the under leaf surface spreading.
2. P. aegiroides.
Petioles 1 to 4 mm. long; leaves ovate, 1.3 to 4 cm. wide.
Petioles and leaves glabrous, glaucescent___________------ 3. P. jaliscensis.
1432 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Petioles and leaves pubescent, not glaucescent____________- 4. P. palmeri.
Stem and branches densely pubescent.
Heads 11-flowered; leaves rather densely pubescent over whole surface beneath.
5. P. pubens.
Heads 8-flowered; leaves sparsely short-pubescent beneath chiefly along the
SIO 2 714 01 0 Rata fe pat cS ee ee a eC ah ere ey 6. P. sinaloae.
1. Piptothrix goldmanii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 328. 1900.
Known only from the type locality, near Batopilas, Chihuahua.
Suffrutescent (?); stem wine-color; leaf blades deltoid-ovate, 6 to 9 cm. long,
4.5 to 7 cm. wide, acuminate, dentate-serrate, sparsely puberulous on the veins
beneath; panicles about 7 em. wide; heads 4 mm. high, about 24-flowered.
2. Piptothrix aegiroides Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 273. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, mountains about Etzatlan, Jalisco, altitude
1,830 meters.
Herbaceous (?), 0.6 to 1.3 meters high; stem purplish; leaf blades triangular-
ovate, 5 to 7.5 em. long, 2.5 to 5.8 em. wide, acuminate, dentate-serrate, pubescent
with several-celled hairs on the veins beneath; heads 6 mm. high, 20-flowered.
3. Piptothrix jaliscensis Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 268. 1904.
Known only from the type locality, mountains above Etzatlan, Jalisco, altitude
1,830 meters.
Suffrutescent (?), 0.6 to 1 meter high; stem glaucescent; leaf blades ovate,
3 to 5 em. long, 1.8 to 4 em. wide, acuminate, rounded or subcordate at base;
heads in close clusters, 6 mm. high.
4. Piptothrix palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 383. 1886.
Known only from the type locality, near Batopilas, Chihuahua.
Frutescent; leaf blades ovate, 3 to 5.5 em. long, 1.3 to 2.8 em. wide, acuminate,
rounded or subcordate at base, puberulous beneath on the veins, as well as on
the petioles; panicles rounded, about 4 cm. wide; heads 5 mm. high, white or
‘‘ochroleucous.”’
5. Piptothrix pubens A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 419. 1887.
Chihuahua and Jalisco; type from Rfo Blanco, Jalisco.
Frutescent, up to 2 meters high; stem and branches sordid-puberulous; leaf
blades ovate, 2 to 6.5 em. long, 1 to 3.2 em. wide, heads 3.5 to 5 mm. high.
6. Piptothrix sinaloae Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 190. 1919.
Known only from the type: locality, Sierra del Mineral del Tominil, San
Ignacio, Sinaloa, altitude 1,500 meters.
Shrub 0.5 to 0.8 meters high; branches densely inecurved-pubescent; leaf
blades ovate, 5 to 5.5 em. long, 2 to 3.2 em. wide, acuminate, serrate.
16. EUPATORIUM L. Sp. Pl. 836. 1753.
(Contributed by Dr. B. L. Robinson.)
REFERENCES: H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 104-134. 1820; DC. Prodr. 5:
141-186. 1836.
Shrubs or small trees, or often herbs; leaves mostly opposite, filiform to orbic-
ular, membranaceous to coriaceous; heads homogamous, (1—mostly) 5 to 100-
flowered, usually in corymbose or thyrsoid panicles; corollas red, purple, blue,
or white, rarely ochroleucous or greenish yellow; anthers appendaged at the
tip, entire at base; style branches long and at maturity much exserted, threadlike
or more often club-shaped, often colored; achenes columnar to obovoid, 5-ribbed
or 5-angled; pappus of many hairlike bristles, white, sordid, straw-colored,
roseate, purple, or tawny, usually subequal, occasionally the outermost much
shorter.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1433
A very large, chiefly American genus, most diversified and abundant from
Mexico to Argentina. Of little economic importance. Some species are applied
in folk medicine. Several have value in horticulture. At least one, with
aromatic qualities, is used in flavoring tobacco.
A. Receptacle glabrous, flat or nearly so.
B. Involucre cylindrical, (2—)3-5 times as long as thick; phyllaries closely
imbricated in 38-5 series. Section CYLINDROCEPHALA.
Phyllaries herbaceous-tipped, tending to be squarrose___1. E. sagittatum.
Phyllaries appressed, not much altered at tip.
eaves alternate, subsessile...)
Leaves opposite.
Leaves subsessile by a narrowed cordate base, pinnate-veined.
3. E. glaberrimum.
2. E. pulchellum.
Leaves petioled, 3 to 5-nerved.
Heads 4 to 6-flowered.
Heads subsessile near tips of panicle branches.
Stems terete, hollow; leaves tapering from near base.
4. E. lozanoanum.
Stems angled, pithy; leaves broadest near middle.
5. E. conzattii.
Heads slender-pediceled, corymbose____-__-_ 44. E. campechense.
Heads 10 to 40-flowered.
Heads in ovoid panicles; leaves reticulate-veiny.
Heads about 10 to 13-flowered; involucre 2 to 2.6 mm. thick.
6. EH. bertholdii.
Heads about 20 to 40-flowered; involucre 4 to 5 mm. thick.
7. E. ovaliflorum.
Heads in flattish corymbs; leaves not reticulate__8. E. odoratum.
BB. Involucre normally campanulate or turbinate, rarely more than twice as
long as thick; phyllaries less closely imbricated than in the preceding.
C. Phyllaries conspicuously unequal, in 3 or more series. Section Supim-
BRICATA.
D. Heads 1 to 45-flowered; receptacle flat or slightly convex, not noticeably
alveolate.
Leaves pinnate-veined.
Petiole not winged.
Leaves opaque. ;
Proper tube of corolla much longer than throat.
9. E. araliaefolium.
Proper tube of corolla not equaling throat.
Leaves 4 times as long as wide, membranaceous, not prom-
TMemMbLye me FCT ee ee 10. E. pinabetense.
Leaves 2 to 3 times as long as wide, subcoriaceous, reticulate.
Bhi sreesenoionicl ella ato ees ee 11. E. pittieri.
Phyllariesspointed ati tips ===] 52= == == s- = 12. E. galeottii.
Leaves pellucid-reticulate but not pellucid-punctate.
Leaves lance-oblong; achenes smoothish__-_13. E. oaxacanum.
Leaves ovate; achenes gray-villous_____-_-- 14. E. eriocarpum.
Leaves pellucid-punctate, often also pellucid-reticulate.
Veinlets not raised from upper leaf surface.
Heads sessile or nearly so; leaves drying dark or olivaceous.
Leaves membranaceous, obtusish at base.
15. E. tepicanum.
1434 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves chartaceo-coriaceous, cuneate at base.
Inflorescence glabrous or obscurely puberulent.
16. E. hospitale.
Inflorescence tawny-velvety__----_--_- 17. E. daleoides.
Heads shortly slender-pediceled; leaves drying green.
Leaves subentire, more than twice as long as wide.
18. E. hebebotryum.
Leaves incisely toothed, less than twice as long as wide.
20. E. hemipteropodum.,.
Veinlets raised on upper leaf surface__-_-_-_-_- 19. E. morifolium.
Petiole winged, cordate-clasping at base_____ 21. E. quadrangulare.
Leaves palmate-nerved at or from near base.
Petiole winged to the cordate-clasping base.
Stemusquare in:sections-—2 22222212 ee 21. E. quadrangulare.
Stem subterete________- EE at 22. E. thyrsoideum.
Petiole (of cauline leaves) cuneate-winged from top to near middle.
20. E. hemipteropodum.,.
Petiole not winged.
Heads thistle-shaped; florets much exceeding the involucre.
Heads 4 to 6 (to 7) mm. high; involucre turbinate; phyllaries
1-nerved.
Phyllaries linear to lance-linear, attenuate; leaves bright green,
sharply toothed; veins prominently netted between the
TOSI RSS oa ran a 23. E. ortegae,
Phyllaries lanceolate to elliptic, obtuse to merely acutish;
leaves dull green, subentire; veins not conspicuously
Netwed se: Pees eS le ee eee 24. E. haenkeanum.
Heads 7 to 8 mm. high; involucre ovoid.
Leaves lance-ovate, twice as long as wide, tomentellous be-
MGS Me ee Sr ee eS ens 25. E. mendezii.
Leaves deltoid-ovate, less than twice as long as wide.
Phyllaries loosely imbricate, narrowly lanceolate, all acute.
26. E. stillingiaefolium.
Phyllaries closely imbricate, lance-oblong to rhombic-ovate.
Phyllaries acute or acutish; pedicels puberulent to slightly
p AUG WES ieee een eye yen wey Ale eee Pine ea 27. E. collinum.
Phyllaries obtuse; pedicels stoutish and velvety.
28. E. neaeanum.
Heads not thistle-shaped.
Heads subsolitary; pedicels 6 to 10 cm. long__29. E. longipes.
Heads clustered; pedicels rarely over 1 cm. long.
Phyllaries all acute.
Heads 3 to 6-flowered.
Leaves ovate; inner phyllaries about 3 mm. long.
30. E. palmeri.
Leaves lanceolate; inner phyllaries 4 to 5 mm. long.
31. E. solidaginifolium.
Heads 10 to 40(to 60)-flowered.
Petiole (if present) not above one-sixth length of blade.
Heads 7 to 8 mm. high; leaves glabrous but often gluti-
NOUS aaa pl oe 32. E. collodes.
Heads 10 to 15 mm. high; leaves pubescent beneath.
Outer phyllaries ovate, acute____-__- 33. E. bigelovii.
Outer phyllaries ovate-lanceolate, attenuate.
34. E. turbinatum.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1435
Petiole one-fourth to one-third as long as blade.
Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, pointed at
base;/smoothisho lec). 2-2 79. E. glabratum.
Leaves deltoid-ovate, subtruncate to cordate at base,
pubescent, crenate-dentate______ 35. E. azureum.
Outer and middle phyllaries acute, the inner obtuse.
Leaves over 10 cm. wide, unlobed_______ 36. E. oresbium.
Leaves with 1 or 2 sharp lobes or angles on each side.
37. E. oresbioides.
Leaves 2 to 6 cm. wide, unlobed.
Heads 12 to 30-flowered.
Involucre less than half as long as florets, glutinous.
79. E. glabratum.
Involucre at least two-thirds as long as florets.
Leaves cuspidate-denticulate, pinnately nerved from
well above the base; phyllaries scarcely nerved
Onsstriatelas tae a 38. E. hylobium.
Leaves serrate to crenate, 3 or 5-nerved from the
base; phyllaries distinctly nerved or striate.
Heads about 1 em. long; leaves cordate with a
narrow sinus, prominently reticulate-veiny be-
mneathios youre xs 50. E. phoenicolepis.
Heads 4 to 6 mm. long; leaves acute to rounded or
openly cordate at base, not reticulate-veiny.
39. E. pycnocephalum.
Heads 6 to 8-flowered; phyllaries pearly white.
45. E. leucocephalum.
Phyllaries all obtuse or rounded at tip.
Leaves sessile.
Cauline leaves alternate________ 40. E. adenospermum.
Cauline leaves opposite__._______-- 41. E. dryophilum.
Leaves petioled.
Heads 1-flowered, in panicled glomerules.
42. E. monanthum.
Heads several to many-flowered.
Heads in subglobose axillary glomerules.
43. E. pelotrophum.
Heads not in axillary glomerules.
Heads about 6-flowered.
Heads about 1 cm. long____44. E. campechense.
Heads about 5 mm. long_45. E. leucocephalum.
Heads 10 to 12-flowered.
Leaves hastate; pedicels commonly 6 to 10 mm.
long.
Florets about twice as long as inner phyllaries;
leaves somewhat fleshy.
46. E. peninsulare.
Florets searcely exceeding inner phyllaries;
leaves membranaceous.
47. E. spinaciaefolium.
Leaves ovate, not hastate; pedicels 0 to 3 mm. long.
20. E. hemipteropodum.
1436 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Heads 15 to 45-flowered, 5 to 11 mm. high; phyllaries
2 to 5-costulate.
Pedicels glabrous though sometimes glutinous.
Heads 5 to 6 mm. long, in terminal long-peduncled
corymbs=atee = see 48. E. blepharolepis.
Heads 7 to 9 mm. long, in leafy-bracted panicles.
79. E. glabratum.
Pedicels villous or glandular-pubescent.
Corollas yellowish to greenish white, dotted with
conspicuous orange or brown glands; phyl-
darieés green! |: wlenti 2. 49. E. nelsonii.
Corollas purple to rose (rarely white), not con-
spicuously dotted; phyllaries usually purple-
tinged.
Heads 4 to 6 mm. high; leaves not reticulate,
at base acute to subcordate with open
slmlis!2 ae. 2. 8s 39. E. pycnocephalum.
Heads about 1 em. high; leaves reticulate-veiny
beneath, cordate with closed sinus.
50. E. phoenicolepis.
DD. Heads 50 to many-flowered; receptacle distinctly convex, ellip-
soidal or subconical, conspicuously alveolate.
Phyllaries 2 to 5-costulate; leaves palmately 3-nerved practically
fromigoase ts store spire ee 35. E. azureum.
Phyllaries obscurely nerved or nerveless; leaves pinnately 5 to 9-
nerved from wellabove base. (Showy, nearly herbaceous under-
shrubs, known chiefly through horticulture and of very doubtful
distinctness.)
Phyllaries lance-oblong, 2 to 2.5 mm. wide; pubescence fuscous.
51. E. constipatiflorum.
Phyllaries lance-linear, mostly 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; pubescence
not fuscous.
Pubescence of stem and inflorescence long, deeply colored, red
SrpuEplent 2) see Se Fee Be 52. E. atrorubens.
Pubescence dull, tawny or rusty, sometimes reduced to mere
puberulence.
Leaves suborbicular, sometimes 30 to 40 cm. in diameter,
acute or obtuse; style branches azure.
53. E. megalophyllum.
Leaves broadly ovate, 10 to 15 cm. wide, acuminate at apex,
blunt to subtruncate or even shallowly cordate at base;
style branches clear rose-color.
54. E. thespesiaefolium.
Leaves ovate-oblong to elliptic, usually pointed at base,
mostly 6 to 9 cm. wide.
Leaf blade ovate-oblong, about two-thirds as wide as
long; petiole one-fifth to fully one-half aslong as blade.
55. E. sordidum.
Leaf blade elliptic-oblong, less than half as wide as long;
petiole very short, not one-tenth as long as blade.
56. E. miradorense.
CC. Phyllaries subequal, in about 2 scarcely imbricate series, usually 1 to
3 of the outermost phyllaries much shorter. Section ExIMBRICATA.
E. Heads 3 to 8(to 10)-flowered.
Beaves pinnately veiried )_ 2 ee eee 59. E. ligustrinum.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1427
Leaves palmately nerved.
Heads in globose axillary glomerules_________ 43. E. pelotrophum.
Heads not in axillary glomerules.
Corollas nearly tubular, without distinguishable throat.
Leaves dark-punctate beneath____________ 65. E. leucoderme.
Leaves not dark-punctate beneath.
Leaves elliptical, coriaceous; phyllaries chiefly obtuse.
66. E. albicaule.
Leaves ovate to lanceolate, membranaceous; phyllaries acute.
Leaves ovate, 2 to 5 cm. wide____________ 30. E. palmeri.
Leaves lanceolate, 8 to 15 mm. wide.
31. E. solidaginifolium.
Corollas abruptly or gradually enlarged into a perceptible throat.
Leaves lanceolate to rhombic-oblong, entire or nearly so, 4 to
16 mm. wide.
Leaves lance-oblong, entire, 3 to 4 times as long as wide,
vernicose; achenes hispid___________- 68. E. glischrum.
Leaves rhombic-oblong, entire or undulately few-toothed, 1.5
to 2 times as long as wide; achenes glandular-atomiferous.
89. E. hidalgense.
Leaves ovate, serrate or dentate, 2 to 4 cm. wide.
60. E. saltillense.
EE. Heads normally 10 to 18-flowered but occasionally varying within
wider limits.
Leaves linear to lance-oblong.
Leaves mostly attenuate, 3-nerved from the base, gray-pubescent
Benes th: = 2! ad east wath veces 2 ee es 70. E. brevipes.
Leaves acute or obtusish, pinnate-veined, white-tomentose beneath.
71. E. liebmannii.
Leaves (at least the cauline) ovate or ovate-oblong to elliptic or orbicular.
Inflorescence lateral; heads pendulous on long filiform pedicels.
57. E. cremastum.
Inflorescence terminal.
Leaves 8 to 14 em. wide, deciduous before anthesis.
72. E. crassirameum.
Leaves rarely over 6 cm. wide, persistent to anthesis.
Inflorescences few(5 to 9)-headed, subsimple, raceme-like.
73. E. desquamans.
Heads many, glomerate or subracemose on spreading panicle
branches; corollas little longer than achenes.
Petioles of cauline leaves about 3 mm. long; heads 4 to 5 mm.
high, densely clustered at tips of panicle branches; phyl-
laries 2.5 to 3 mm. long; Veracruz.
64. E. pseudoperfoliatum.
Petioles of cauline leaves 9 to 17 mm. long; heads 4.5 to 6 mm.
long, more loosely clustered; phyllaries 3.5 to 5 mm. long,
attenuate; San Luis Potosf_________ 62. E. longifolium.
Petioles of cauline leaves 2 to 4.5 em. long; heads subrace-
mosely disposed se4 512 a 63. E. solidaginoides.
Heads corymbose; corollas 1.5 to 3 times as long as achenes.
Achenes densely canescent-villous-_--_------- 74. E. rupicola.
Achenes glabrous or glandular to hispid, not canescent-villous.
Pappus half to two-thirds length of corolla.
Branchlets terete; leaves of firm texture.
Leaves elliptic to obovate, obtuse at tip, cuneate at
75. E. viburnoides.
1438 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves ovate, caudate-acuminate at tip, cordate at
bagefa rate eels ln mo laa 69. E. areolare.
Branchlets tetragonal; leaves thinly membranaceous.
76. E. tetragonum.
Pappus at least three-fourths length of corolla.
Leaves pinnate-veined.
Leaves about 7 cm. long, acuminate, subglabrous above;
petiole about one-eighth as long as blade.
77. E. adenachaenium.
Leaves about 5 em. long, obtusish to acute, sparsely
setulose above; petiole about one-fourth as long as
bladeis> p27 ei cee ee 2 58. E. lucidum.
Leaves palmately or subpalmately nerved.
Phyllaries somewhat vernicose.
Phyllaries lance-linear, attenuate.
Leaves membranaceous, obtuse, coarsely crenate-
dentate, pubescent beneath.
78. E. brandegeanum.
Leaves subcoriaceous, acuminate, subentire, gla-
brous or nearly so____80. E. subintegrum.
Phyllaries oblong, obtusish or merely acute.
Leaves rhombic-ovate to oblong, cuneate at base;
lateral inflorescences on _ short suberect
pranches.-2222. 53) 5-26 79. E. glabratum.
Leaves prevailingly ovate, mostly subtruncate or
rounded at base; lateral corymbs on spreading-
ascending branches___-81. E. espinosarum.
Phyllaries not vernicose.
Petioles (of cauline leaves) 1.2 to 7 em. long.
Cauline leaves reniform-ovate, cordate, coarsely
crenate, broader than long.
a 61. E. hederaefolium.
Cauline leaves ovate (deltoid with rounded angles),
about as wide as long, ferruginous beneath.
82. E. hebes.
Cauline leaves ovate to oblong, longer than broad,
not ferruginous.
Phyllaries elliptic, obtuse or barely acute.
24. E. haenkeanum.
Phyllaries lanceolate or narrowly oblong-linear
acute to attenuate.
Leaves glabrous beneath.
Phyllaries dorsally glabrous, nerveless or
obscurely nerved; leaves 2.5 to 4.5 cm.
long, subcoriaceous_83. E. havanense.
Phyllaries dorsally glandular-atomiferous
and puberulent, 1 or 2-costulate; leaves
6 to 10 cm. long_84. E. gracilicaule.
Leaves somewhat arachnoid-pubescent be-
neath, at least tufted in axils of the larger
veins; heads in a mostly elongate thyrse.
85. E. mairetianum.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1439
Leaves pubescent beneath but not arachnoid
nor tufted in axils of veins; heads corym-
bose.
Phyllaries about half length of florets, deep
purple____86. E. subpenninervium.
Phyllaries acutish to attenuate, decidedly
more than half as long as florets.
Phyllaries pale green, not dark-dotted.
87. E. vernale.
Phyllaries dark purple, dotted with dark
sessile glands____88. E. chiapense.
Petioles not exceeding 1 cm. in length.
Petioles at least one-sixth as long as blade.
Heads (or most of them) sessile or subsessile in
small glomerules at tips of panicle branches;
leaves oblong, 5 to 10 em. long; tall shrubs or
small trees with pale cortex.
Leaves coriaceous; phyllaries rounded to acut-
ISWab Alpen ae See le 66. E. albicaule.
Leaves membranaceous; phyllaries attenuate.
67. E. ymalense.
Heads well pediceled; leaves 1 to 3 (to 5) cm.
long.
Phyllaries linear to narrowly lanceolate.
Phyllaries conspicuously 2-ribbed, at least
the outer ones beset with dark glands,
78. E. brandegeanum.
Phyllaries faintly if at all ribbed, not glan-
dular.
Leaves not punctate, deltoid-ovate.
Leaves dull green, tawny-puberulent,
subentirelwg255 aaa 82. E. hebes.
Leaves bright green, smooth or nearly
so, coarsely toothed.
83. E. havanense.
Leaves dark-punctate, rhombic-ovate to
. ovate-oblong___.89. E. hidalgense.
Phyllaries ovate to oblong, nearly always
pubescent or glandular dorsally.
Corymbs dense, terminal, ovoid, many-
headed, 5 to 10 cm. in diameter; leaves
rhombic-ovate, 3 to 5 em. long.
90. E. rhomboideum.
Corymbs small and numerous, few-headed;
leaves rarely above 2.5 cm. in length.
Leaves densely canescent-tomentose be-
neath, soft in texture, only 5 to 8
mm. long_________._91. E. irrasum.
Leaves glabrous, glandular, or pubescent,
never tomentose beneath.
Leaves faintly lepidote above, thin, the
rameal ovate-oblong and entire or
nearly so__92. E. porriginosum,
57020—26—9
1440 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves not lepidote.
Corollas white; rameal leaves (apt to
be conspicuously numerous)
smaller than the cauline, oval,
entire or nearly so; northern
Mexico=.-i = 93. E. wrightii.
Corollas roseate or purple-tinged;
rameal leaves rarely differen-
tiated; central and _ southern
Mexico.
Leaves thick, firmly coriaceous,
glandular-punctate chiefly on
the often prominulent and
slightly furrowed veinlets be-
neath.
94. E. calophyllum.
Leaves membranaceous to char-
taceous, punctate on surface
between the closely netted
veinlets beneath__95. E. cal-
aminthaefolium.
Petioles not over one-tenth as long as the leaf
bladedsiat st ote 96. E. glaucum.
EEE. Heads 20 to many-flowered.
Young leaves more or less vernicose; branches arcuate or flexuous,
usually nodulose; heads large, 1 to 1.5 em. long; florets little
exceeding the involucre.
Leaves 1 to 2 cm. long; most of the rameal internodes not over 2 to 7
mm. long.
Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, about 5 mm. wide, cuneate at base.
98. E. mygindaefolium.
Leaves ovate, about 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, rounded at base.
99. E. campylocladum.
Leaves 3 to 6 em. long.
Cauline leaves deltoid-ovate, shallowly cordate, more than two-
thirds as wide as long, acuminate, exceedingly glutinous.
100. E. vernicosum,
Cauline leaves ovate-oblong, barely, acute to obtuse, rounded at
base, not two-thirds as wide as long, slightly glutinous.
101. E. multiserratum.
Leaves not vernicose.
Leaves lanceolate to lance or linear-oblong, not one third as wide as
long.
Leaves entire, 1 to 2.2 em. long__________- 102. E. hyssopinum.
Leaves serrate, 2.5 to 9 em. long.
Leaves 3-nerved from near the base.
Petioles (of cauline leaves) 1 to 2 cm. long; leaves subglabrous.
103. E. riparium.
Petioles (of cauline leaves) 1 to 5 mm. long; leaves grayish-
PubescentVek 22 Se See ee 70. E. brevipes.
Leaves pinnate-veined, white-tomentose beneath.
71. E. liebmannii.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS; OF MEXICO 144]
Leaves ovate, oblong, or suborbicular, more than one-third as wide
as long.
Petioles 1 to 2 mm. long, not one-tenth as long as leaf blades.
97. E. rhodopodum.
Petioles rarely less than 1 cm. long.
Leaves rounded at apex.
Cinereous-tomentellous; leaves mostly deltoid-ovate and
shallowly cordate; branches 6-angled; corymbs 3 to 5
(to 9) em. in diameter; phyllaries acute, green.
104. E. tomentellum.
Ochraceous-tomentellous; leaves suborbicular-ovate, abruptly
pointed to rounded or rarely cordate at base; branches
subterete; corymbs 9 to 12 em. wide; phyllaries obtuse,
OGHTACCOUS. 22a en. ees sr ie te ee. Fee 105. E. loesenerii.
Leaves acute to acuminate.
Heads 4 to 4.5 mm. high; leaves 2 to 4 em. wide, entire at the
obtusely pointed base___________- 106. E. malacolepis.
Heads 5 to 7 mm. high; leaves 5 to 12 ecm. wide, incisely
toothed to the cuneately decurrent base.
107. E. conspicuum.
Heads 6 to 11 mm. high; leaves not toothed to base.
Leaves areolate above by a fine prominulent reticulation of
veinlets, narrowly ovate, caudate-acuminate.
69. E. areolare.
Leaves not noticeable areolate, acute or moderately acumi-
nate. x
Leaves palmately 3-nerved from a usually rounded base.
Decumbent, fruticulose; corymbs mostly 2 to 5-headed.
108. E. oligocephalum.
Erect shrubs with many-headed corymbs.
Phyllaries oblong, obtuse, erose, scarious-margined.
109. E. aschenbornianum.
Phyllaries lance-linear, acute to attenuate, subher-
baceous throughout.
Achenes obscurely puberulent to glabrous; heads
20 to 25-flowered; phyllaries acute, about half
as long-as florets; leaves rounded or but sub-
cordate at base; pubescence not glandular.
110. E. etlense
Achenes distinctly hispid; heads 30 to 40-flowered;
phyllaries attenuate, more than half as long
as florets; leaves subtruncate to deeply cordate
at base; inflorescence glandular-pubescent.
Leaves deltoid-ovate, 1 to 3 (to 4) cm. wide.
petiole 4 to 10 mm. long.
111. E. scorodonioides.
Leaves broadly ovate with rounded _ sides;
petiole mostly 2 to 6 em. long.
112. E. petiolare.
Leaves pinnately 5-nerved or palmately 3-nerved from a
point above the base.
Inflorescence (if normally developed) elongate, forming
an ovoid to subcylindric thyrse.
1442 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE. NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves 6 to 10 cm. long, acute to rounded at base,
arachnoid-tufted in axils of veins beneath.
85. E. mairetianum.
Leaves 3 to 4.5 cm. long, truncate to cordate at base,
not arachnoid-tufted________- 113. E. pringlei.
Inflorescence a flattish to moderately convex corymb.
Heads 20 to 40-flowered; phyllaries 0.5 to 1.2 mm.
wide; pappus simple.
Phyllaries 4 to 5 mm. long, scarcely half length of
mature florets, deep purple.
86. E. subpenninervium.
Phyllaries 6 to 8 mm. long, decidedly more than
half as long as mature florets, acutish to
attenuate.
Pubescence pale to whitish, that on the inflores-
cence gland-tipped; phyllaries pale green,
hispid with white hairs, not dark-dotted.
87. E. vernale.
Pubescence purple, fading to rusty, that on in-
florescence gland-tipped; phyllaries dark
purple and dotted with dark sessile glands.
88. E. chiapense.
Heads about 60-flowered; phyllaries 1.5 to 1.8 mm.
wide; pappus double_--_-_-- 114. E. chapalense.
AA. Receptacle hairy. Section HEBECLINIUM.
Leaves lance-linear to narrowly ovate or oblong, not half as wide as long,
pinnate-veined.
Heads about 8 mm. high; corymbs rather dense, 4 to 5 cm. wide; leaves
glabrous, attenuate, remotely cuspidate-denticulate.
115. E. tuerckheimii.
Heads 10 to 12 mm. high; corymbs lax, 8 to 12 em. wide; leaves grayish-
puberulent on both surfaces, closely serrulate-denticulate.
116. E. ehrenbergii.
Leaves ovate, more than half as wide as long, palmately nerved.
117. E. perornatum.
1. Eupatorium sagittatum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 88. 1852.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type, though said to be from California, presumably
from coastal Sonora.
Slender-stemmed, intricately branched shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; leaves
petiolate, lanceolate or ovate, sagittate, tomentellous on both surfaces, mostly
2 to 3 em. long and half as wide; heads about 35-flowered, 1 cm. long, on some-
what clavate pedicels in open corymbs; corollas lilac.
la. Eupatorium sagittatum var. deltophyllum Robinson, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 42: 45. 1906.
Sinaloa; type from Culiacan.
Leaves much broader, deltoid, sometimes wider than long. Otherwise like
the typical form.
2. Eupatorium pulchellum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 119. pl. 345. 1820.
Chihuahua to Puebla and Jalisco; type from shore of Lake Tezcuco, State of
Mexico.
Scarcely woody, upright, leafy-stemmed, simple to the corymbose inflorescence,
0.6 to 1.5 meters high; leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, serrate,
3-nerved from near the base; heads very numerous in a dense, round-topped or
flattish, compound panicle; corollas purple.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1443
2a. Eupatorium pulchellum var. angustifolium S. Wats.; Pringle, Pl.
Mex. 1889: 2nd [unnumbered] page of printed list. 1889; Robinson, Proc.
Amer. Acad. 51: 534. 1916.
Known only from the type station, near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Leaves longer (8 to 11 cm. in length) and relatively narrower (1 to 2 em. in
width) than in the typical form, subentire.
3. Eupatorium glaberrimum DC. Prodr. 5: 144. 1836.
Known only through the type collection, from Mexico without stated locality,
presumably from Guerrero.
Shrub, smooth throughout; stem round; leaves obovate-oblong, acuminate,
narrowed below to an obtuse subsessile base, serrate, feather-veined, 12 to 17
em. long, about a third as wide; heads about 20-flowered, cylindric, corymbose,
pediceled; phyllaries closely appressed, rounded at tip.
3a. Eupatorium glaberrimum var. michelianum Robinson, Contr. Gray
Herb. n. ser. 68: 18. 1923.
Eupaiorium michelianum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 276. 1905.
Stems, inflorescence, and leaf midribs beset with spreading dark hairs; leaves
mostly narrower than in the typical form; corollas white.
4. Eupatorium lozanoanum ! Robinson, Pree. Amer. Acad. 41: 275. 1905.
Hidalgo; type collected in a barranea below Trinidad Iron Works.
Branching shrub, 3 to 4 meters high, smooth throughout; leaves lance-ovate,
caudate-acuminate, sharply but rather remotely serrate, pinnately 5-nerved
from near the base, 8 to 10 em. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, short-petioled; heads
4-flowered, subsessile by 3’s or 5’s at the tips of the panicle branchlets; involucre
cylindric, several-seried; phyllaries thin, green, acutish.
5. Eupatorium conzattii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 574. 1899.
Veracruz; type locality, “in humid forests on the Cerro del Chiquihuite,
Colonia Melchor Ocampo, alt. 1300 m.”
Glabrous, somewhat lucid, probably shrubby; stems slightly compressed,
6-angled; leaves opposite, oblong, acuminate, serrate, thickish, apt to be rugose,
dark green on both faces, pinnately 5-nerved, the outer pair of nerves small,
intramarginal, the others prominent; blade 9 to 14 em. long, 3.5 to 5 em. wide;
petiole slender, about 1.5 em. long, slightly winged toward summit; panicle
large, terminal, divaricately branched; heads mostly sessile and clustered at
tips of the branchlets; phyllaries round-tipped, glabrous, yellowish brown, striate.
6. Eupatorium bertholdii? Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 299. 1856.
Tepic; type locality, Sierra Madre.
Shrub, pubescent or puberulent; stems round, distinctly ligneous, becoming
1 cm. or more in diameter; leaves ovate, acute to acuminate at apex, acutish at
base, shallowly serrate to entire, 3-ribbed from above the base, sparingly pubes-
cent on the upper surface, reticulate beneath, 5 to 13 em. long, 1.5 to 5 em. wide;
petiole 1 em. long; heads 10 to 13-flowered, sessile to short-pediceled, paniculate;
involucre slender; phyllaries obtuse to rounded, striate, stramineous to brownish
or purplish-tinged.
6a. Eupatorium bertholdii var. stenophyllum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad.
$5: 331. 1900.
Jalisco; type from canyons near Guadalajara.
Leaves of firmer texture, lance-ovate, scarcely one-fourth as wide as long,
entire.
1 Filemén L. Lozano, for several years a field-assistant of C. G. Pringle in his
botanical exploration of Mexico.
2 Dr. Berthold Seemann, 1825-1871, naturalist on the voyage of the Herald
(1845-1851).
1444 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
7. Eupatorium ovalifiorum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 297. 1840.
Tepic; type locality stated merely as Mexico.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high; stems round, canelike; leaves narrowly ovate, ser-
rate, acuminate, subcoriaceous, at first downy on the upper surface, but later
minutely and densely papillose, beneath pubescent to subtomentose, strongly
reticulate-veiny, pinnately 5-nerved, 5 to 12 em. long, 2 to 4.5 em. wide; petiole
3 to 12 mm. long; heads about 23-flowered, mostly short-pediceled, in small
round-topped panicles; involucre oval, the phyllaries ovate, obtuse, commonly
tinged with purple or brown, closely appressed, striate, ciliolate.
8. Eupatorium odoratum L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1205. 1759.
Eupatorium conyzoides Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Ewupatoriwm no. 14. 1768.
Eupatorium divergens Less. Linnaea 5: 138. 1830.
Eupatorium graciliflorum DC. Prodr. 5: 145. 1836.
Osmia odorata Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 250. 1866.
Osmia divergens Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 252. 1866.
Osmia graciliflorum Schultz Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 252. 1866.
Common in nearly all parts of Mexico which are suited by climate for meso-
phytic vegetation. Widely distributed in tropical America.
Vigorous shrub, erect or somewhat vinelike, with long, leaning or reclining
stems; leaves triangular- or rhombic-ovate, acuminate, abruptly narrowed to a
more or less pointed base, mostly serrate or crenate and often near the broadest
part of the blade somewhat hastately toothed, rarely entire, from glabrous to
tomentose, slender-petioled; heads numerous, in flattish corymbs, mostly 15 to
25-flowered; corollas pale blue to white. ‘‘ Xtokabal’’ (Yucatdn); ‘‘cihuapatli,”’
“eiguapazle,” ‘“‘crucita’’ (San Luis Potosf, Seler); “Santa Maria’’ (Porto Rico);
‘erucita olorosa,” ‘‘garrapata”’ (Nicaragua); ‘‘varején de caballo”’ (Colombia).
Seler reports that the roots are employed as an emmenagogue.
9. Eupatorium araliaefolium Less. Linnaea 6: 403. 1831.
Eupatorium omphaliaefolium Kunth & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1844,
coll. adnot. no. 13; Walp. Repert. Bot. 6: 113. 1846-47.
Eupatorium heterolepis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 335. 1900.
Veracruz; type collected in woods at Misantla. British Honduras and Guate-
mala.
Soft-woody shrub, glabrous except in inflorescence; stems 6-angled and often
compressed; leaves oblong-elliptic, pointed at both ends, entire, feather-veined,
subcoriaceous and somewhat fleshy, opaque, drying dark, 11 to 19 cm. long,
4 to 7 em. wide; petiole dbout 5 em. long; heads paniculate, about 25-flowered,
1 cm. long; inner phyllaries long, narrow, subequal, caducous, the outer much
shorter, persistent; corollas white.
Introduced into European horticulture and for several decades cultivated as
a greenhouse plant of some decorative value.
10. Eupatorium pinabetense Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 482. 1901.
Known only from the type locality, near Pinabete, Chiapas.
Shrubby, essentially glabrous; stems somewhat 6-angled; leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, attenuate at both ends, serrulate, feather-veined, mostly 10 to 15 cm. long,
2 to 3 em. wide, opaque, firmly membranaceous; heads about 35-flowered, 4 mm.
high, in dense rounded panicles; phyllaries yellowish brown, obtusish, ciliolate.
11. Eupatorium pittieri Klatt, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 31!: 192. 1892.
Chiapas. British Honduras, Guatemala, and Costa Rica.
Shrub, finely pubescent; leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminate, acute at base, ser-
rate (rarely entire), feather-veined, thickish, opaque; veins prominent beneath;
heads small, numerous in open pyramidal panicles; phyllaries broadly ovate to
elliptical, mostly rounded at the tip, 3 to 5-nerved.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1445
12. Eupatorium galeottii Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 68: 17. 1923.
Veracruz; type collected on the Cordillera at an altitude of about 915 meters.
In habit and foliage close to the preceding, but said to be less lignescent;
phyllaries all pointed.
13. Eupatorium oaxacanum Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 324. 1882.
Oaxaca; type said to have been collected on the mountains of this State.
A smooth, viscid and somewhat vernicose shrub; branches and foliage rather
willow-like; leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolate, pointed at each end,
serrulate, feather-veined, of firmish texture, 4 to 6 cm. long, 12 to 14 mm. wide;
heads about 10-flowered, in trichotomous flattish corymbs; phyllaries lanceolate
to oblong, acute.
Without obvious Mexican affinities and known only from immature and
fragmentary material of an obscure collector, this species is subject to con-
siderable doubt.
14. Eupatorium eriocarpum Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32:
42. 1896.
Oaxaca; type from Tomellin Canyon.
Shrub 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; branches smooth, brown; leaves rhombic-ovate,
acuminate, acute at base, serrate, green and glabrous on both surfaces except
for some woolly pubescence mostly in the axils of the veins beneath, membra-
naceous, feather-veined, 8 to 12 cm. long, 4 to 5 em. wide; petioles 6 to 11 mm.
long; heads mostly 5-flowered, about 12 mm. long, nodding in a large leafy-
bracted panicle; phyllaries ovate, rounded at tip, striate; achenes densely white-
tomentose.
15. Eupatorium tepicanum (Hook. & Arn.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot.
2: 101. 1881.
Hebeclinium tepicanum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 434. 1841.
Tepic; type collected between San Blas and Tepic.
Smooth shrub with pale spreading branches and short internodes; leaves
narrowly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse or barely acute at base,
crenate-serrate, pellucid-punctate; heads both pediceled and subsessile, about
5-flowered, borne in an ovoid puberulent thyrse; phyllaries ovate to elliptical,
rounded at tip, stramineous, caducous; achenes thickish, grayish-tomentellous.
Known as yet only from the original collection.
16. Eupatorium hospitale Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 32. 1907.
Eupatorium vanillosmoides Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
102. 1881. Not #. vanillosmoides Schultz Bip.; Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras.
6?: 346. 1876.
Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Mirador, Veracruz.
Smooth shrub; branchlets dark, shining, 6-angled; leaves oblong, attenuate to
each end, serrate, thickish, of firm texture, drying dark, feather-veined, pellucid-
punctate, 12 to 15 em. long, 5 to 6 cm. wide; heads about 6-flowered, sessile
mostly in 2’s or 3’s at the tips of the panicle branchlets; inner phyllaries oblong,
deciduous, the outer ovate, much shorter, more persistent, usually purple-
tinged; florets violet and fragrant (Galeotti); achenes pointed at base, hispid.
Stems sometimes locally deformed by swollen hollow insect-inhabited galls,
whence the specific name.
17. Eupatorium daleoides (DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 94. 1881.
Critonia daleoides DC. Prodr. 5: 141. 1836. 3
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Tabasco; type locality Tampico. Guatemala,
El Salvador, Costa Rica, and Panama.
Usually shrubby and 2 to 3 meters high, sometimes a small tree (Hrvendberg)
or at times only a vigorous perennial herb, crisped tawny-pubescent, at least on
1446 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
the younger parts; leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, acute to acuminate, cuneate
at base, serrate, feather-veined, coriaceous, 10 to 20 em. long, 3 to 6 cm. wide,
pellucid-punctate and -lineolate; heads numerous in rounded or ovoid, divari-
cately branched panicles, 5-flowered, sessile; phyllaries stramineous, ovate to
narrowly oblong, obtuse; corollas white or purplish.
18. Eupatorium hebebotryum (DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
95. 1881, as hebebotrya.
Critonia hebeboirya DC. Prodr. 5: 141. 1836.
Morelos; type locality stated merely as Mexico. El Salvador, Guatemala,
and Costa Rica.
Tree of medium size or tall shrub; branches curved, light brown or gray;
branchlets angled; leaves rhombic-ovate, acuminate, acute at base, crenate-
serrate, feather-veined or pinnately somewhat 5-nerved from above the base,
pellucid-punctate and -lineolate, 10 to 20 cm. long, 4 to 8 em. wide; petioles 1.5
to 3 cm. long; branchlets of the dense ovoid thyrses tomentellous; heads small,
about 5-flowered, slender-pediceled; phyllaries pale green to stramineous, obtuse
or rounded at tip. ‘‘Tamagua’”’ (El Salvador).
Wood used for construction in El Salvador.
19. Eupatorium morifolium Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Eupatorium no. 10. 1768.
Eupatorium populifolium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 111. 1820.
Eupatorium critonioides Steetz in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 145. 1853.
Eupatorium megaphyllum Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras. 67: 322. 1876.
Eupatorium sartorii Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 91. 1884.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Oaxaca; type from Veracruz. Widely
distributed in Central and tropical South America.
Shrub or stout herb 2 to 6 meters high; stems thick, costate, fistulose; leaves
suborbicular-ovate and rounded or subcordate at base, bluntly acuminate,
coarsely serrate, feather-veined or pinnately 5-nerved from somewhat above
the base, prominently reticulate beneath, coriaceous, mostly 10 to 20 cm. long
and 6 to 13 em. wide, nearly glabrous at maturity; petioles 2 to 5 cm. long;
heads small, 6 to 13-flowered, in dense ovoid thyrses; corollas greenish white;
phyllaries pale green or stramineous, ovate, obtuse, arachnoid-pubescent.
‘Arbol de Santa Maria’* (Veracruz); ‘“‘taco,’’ ‘“‘chimaliote,”’ ‘‘suelda con suelda,”’
“vara hueca,” ‘“‘carrizo”’ (El Salvador).
20. Eupatorium hemipteropodum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42: 39.
1906.
“Eupatorium aromatisans DC.;’’ Millsp. & Chase, Field Mus. Bot. 3: 92.
1904.
Yucatan; type from Izamal.
Robust perennial herb, probably becoming somewhat ligneous toward the
base; stems smooth, costate; leaves ovate, incisely serrate, membranaceous,
cuneately decurrent upon the upper part of the petiole; heads about 10-flowered,
borne in ovoid thryses; phyllaries stramineous. ‘‘Chiople,” ‘‘chiopk.”’
The leaves are used for flavoring tobacco. An infusion of the leaves in alcohol
is applied externally for the relief of pain in rheumatism and kindred affections,
and taken internally for stomach disorders.
21. Eupatorium quadrangulare DC. Prodr. 5: 150. 1836.
Sinaloa, Durango, Jalisco, Guerrero, and Veracruz; type from Tantoyuca,
Veracruz. Guatemala and El Salvador.
Stout perennial, either herbaceous throughout or decidedly woody toward the
base, often (especially in the inflorescence) puberulent to rather copiously pubes-
cent or tomentellous; stems canelike, hollow, sharply 4-angled; leaves large, oppo-
site, ovate, acute, serrate, abruptly narrowed at base of blade to a broadly winged
petiolar portion, biauriculate at the insertion on the stem; heads mostly 8 to
:
|
|
{
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1447
10-flowered, borne in a dense rounded terminal thyrse; phyllaries stramineous,
ovate-oblong, obtusish, striate; corollas white or nearly so; florets fragrant.
“‘Chimaliote”’ (El Salvador).
22. Eupatorium thyrsoideum Moc.; DC. Prodr. 5: 150. 1836.
Tepic, Colima, and Guerrero(?); type locality cited merely as Mexico.
Stem terete or somewhat 4-angled when young. In all other respects exceed-
ingly close to the preceding species, of which it may well prove a mere variety.
Little known and in need of close field study. Including EHupatorium thyr-
soideum B puberum DC. op. cit. 151, merely a slightly hairy form.
23. Eupatorium ortegae Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 75: 10. 1925.
Durango; type from La Bajada.
Smoothish shrub with slender terete branches; leaves opposite, slender-petioled,
deltoid-ovate, acuminate, sharply and rather coarsely dentate, abruptly con-
tracted at base, bright green and prominently reticulate on both surfaces, firm in
texture, subcoriaceous, 3.5 to 8 em. long, 2.5 to 5 em. wide; petiole 1.5 to 3 cm.
long; heads about 6 mm. high, thistle-shaped, borne in rounded, paniculately
disposed corymbs; pedicels bearing 3 to 7 linear-subulate bractlets; phyllaries
narrowly lanceolate, attenuate; corollas white.
24. Eupatorium haenkeanum DC. Prodr. 5: 158. 1836.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type locality stated merely as Mexico.
Shrub with recumbent liana-like stems (Langlassé); branches round, rather
slender, puberulent to velutinous; leaves rhombic-ovate, gradually acuminate to
apex, more abruptly cuneate at base, entire to undulate or crenate-serrate,
firmly membranaceous, sparingly puberulent, 3-nerved, 6 to 8 cm. long, 3 to
5 cm. wide; petiole slender, 1 to 2 cm. long; heads about 20-flowered, long-
pediceled, in open compound leafy-bracted corymbose panicles; involucre sub-
turbinate; phyllaries elliptic-oblong, obtusish; corollas white.
A somewhat more pubescent form has been distinguished as Eupatorium
haenkeanum B ? velutinum DC. Prodr. 5: 158. 1836.
25. Eupatorium mendezii DC. Prodr. 5: 160. 1836.
Guanajuato, San Luis Potosi, and Querétaro; type locality at the west of
Guanajuato City.
Shrub; stems round, slender; branches shortly velvety or covered with a
grayish crisped puberulence; leaves triangular-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, gradually
acuminate, serrate, puberulent above, tomentellous beneath, 3-nerved, 6 to 9 cm.
long, 2.5 to 4.5 em. wide; petioles slender, 1 to 2 em. long; heads about 25-flow-
ered, pedicellate, disposed in round-topped compound bracteate panicles; involucre
ovoid; phyllaries rhombic- or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acutish, pubescent,
usually brown or purple-tinged; corollas white.
26. Eupatorium stillingiaefolium DC. Prodr. 5: 160. 1836.
Tamaulipas and Veracruz; type from Tamaulipas.
Shrub, 1.3 to 2 meters high, obscurely puberulent, with habit and foliage as
in the preceding; leaves more deltoid-ovate and abruptly contracted or even
rounded at base; petiole 1.5 to 3.5 em. long; heads 20 to 25-flowered; phyllaries
lance-oblong, all acute; corollas roseate.
A little known species.
27. Eupatorium collinum DC. Prodr. 5: 164. 1836.
Eupatorium nigrescens Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 297. 1840.
Kyrstenia collina Greene, Leaflets 1: 9. 1903.
Widely distributed and frequent from Chihuahua and Tamaulipas to Chiapas;
type from Tantoyuca, Veracruz. Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and
Costa Rica.
1448 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Shrub 1 to 5 meters high; stems and branches terete; leaves deltoid-ovate,
acuminate, mostly crenate to serrate, rarely subentire, at base cuneate, or more
often abrupt or rounded or even subcordate, firmly membranaceous, green on
both sides, obscurely puberulent to spreading-pubescent, at least on the nerves
beneath, 5 to 10 em. long, 3 to 7 em. wide, glandular-punctate beneath; petiole
slender, 1 to 3 cm. long; heads 24 to 46-flowered, about 8 mm. long, somewhat
fastigiately grouped in round-topped corymbs, mostly slender-pediceled; corollas
white; phyllaries lanceolate to oblong, mostly obtuse. ‘‘Cuilotillo”’ (Kerber) ;
‘vara blanea,”’ ‘“‘vara de cama,” ‘‘arnicacho”’ (El Salvador).
The vernacular names ‘“‘hierba del angel’? and “yolochichitl’”’ have been
reported for this species. The plant is said to be bitter and aromatic and to be
employed locally for affections of the liver and digestive system. It is reported
also that the leaves have been employed as a substitute for hops in the brewing of
beer. The same properties and uses are reported for several related species.
28. Eupatorium neaeanum DC. Prodr. 5: 160. 1836.
Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas; type collected near Acapulco. Guatemala (?).
Shrub, in habit and foliage much resembling the preceding species, but more
robust; branchlets and inflorescence densely white-tomentose; pedicels short,
thick; heads about 25-flowered; corollas white; phyllaries broadly oblong or
elliptic, obtuse or acutish.
29. Eupatorium longipes A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 26. 1879.
Bulbostylis pedunculosa DC. Prodr. 5: 138. 1836.
Eupatorium pedunculosum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 86. 1852; Hemsl. Biol.
Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 97. 1881. Not E. pedunculosum Hook. & Arn. 1836.
San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, and Michoacdn; type locality, ‘‘ Mexico circa Villa-
pando.”
Fruticulose, many-stemmed from a branching, usually decumbent, slightly
woody base; stems slender, flexuous, 20 to 40 em. high; leaves opposite (or the
uppermost alternate), oval to ovate-lanceolate, about 1 cm. long, 4 to 7 mm.
wide, obtuse, 1 or 2-toothed on each side or entire, narrowed at base to a short
petiole; heads terminal, solitary, about 14 mm. high, about 25-flowered, on
peduncles 1.5 to 10 em. in length; phyllaries oblong, acute, cuspidate, purple-
stained on the exposed part.
30. Eupatorium palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 383. 1886.
Eupatorium arborescens Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 43. 1908.
Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Jalisco, and Colima; type locality, “‘shady places
high up in mountains above Batopilas.”’
Slender branching shrub, at times becoming arborescent; leaves ovate and
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, rounded at base, mostly 5 to 7 cm. long
and 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, membranaceous, subglabrous above, softly pubescent at
least on the nerves and veins beneath, 3 to 5-nerved from near the base; petiole
about 1 cm. long; heads 8 to 10-flowered, 4 mm. long, subsessile or shortly pedi-
celed in loose pyramidal leafy-bracted panicles; phyllaries lanceolate.
30a. Eupatorium palmeri var. tonsum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42: 43,
1906.
Known only from the type locality, Bl Ocote, near the boundary between
Michoacdn and Guerrero.
Leaves glabrous on both surfaces, longer and much more gradually caudate-
acuminate than in the typical form, as much as 14 cm. long and 4 cm. wide.
31. Eupatorium solidaginifolium A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 87. 1852.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Durango. Type locality, ‘‘mountains between the
Lim pia and the Rio Grande” in western Texas; also Arizona and probably New
Mexico.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1449
A low, much-branched, nearly glabrous, calciphile shrub; leaves lanceolate to
narrowly ovate, attenuate, subentire, mostly rounded at base, 3 to 5.5 em. long,
1 to 1.8 cm. wide; petiole 4 to 10 mm. long; heads about 5-flowered, often closely
aggregated by 2’s and 3’s at the tips of the branchlets of the ovoid thyrselike
panicles; phyllaries about 8, lanceolate, 3-nerved; corollas white.
32. Eupatorium collodes Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 152.
1895.
Oaxaca; type from Las Sedas.
A subglabrous but somewhat viscid and vernicose shrub, 60 to 90 em. high;
branches virgate, leafy, purple; leaves opposite, ovate, sessile, acute, serrate
except near the rounded base, 2 to 3.5 em. long, 1.3 to 2 em. wide, subcoriaceous;
heads 20 to 25-flowered, in round-topped corymbs (5 to 10 em. in diameter);
phyllaries lance-linear, puberulent and ciliate, acute, usually purple; corollas
white; pappus rose-colored.
33. Eupatorium bigelovii A. Gray in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 75.
1858-59.
Eupatorium bigelowit Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 93. 1881.
Eupatorium madrense S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 137. 1891.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosi. Type collected on the Gila in
Arizona.
Shrub or slightly lignescent perennial herb; leaves ovate, acute, sharply and
often rather coarsely serrate, 3-nerved, rounded at base, 3 to 7 cm. long, 1.5 to
3.5 em. wide, finely pubescent above, pubescent to canescent-tomentose beneath;
petioles mostly 2 to 7 mm. long; heads 1.2 to 1.6 em. high, many-flowered, in
few-headed cymes; phyllaries lanceolate, acutish to acuminate, striate, green or
more often purple; corollas purplish.
A ealciphile of middle altitudes.
34. Eupatorium turbinatum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 26. 1880.
Known only from the original collection, secured in a mountain ravine between
San Luis Potosf and Tampico.
Probably somewhat shrubby; stems erect, subterete, purple, soon glabrate,
leafy; leaves opposite, sessile, ovate, attenuate, rounded at base, sharply serrate
(the teeth few, subremote and unequal), 3-nerved, smooth or nearly so above,
softly pubescent to grayish-tomentose beneath, of firm texture, 5 to 6 cm. long,
2 to 3 em. wide; heads corymbed or subsolitary, pediceled, 30 to 40-dowered,
1.5 cm. long; involucre turbinate; phyllaries numerous, linear, subulate-attenuate,
striate, purplish, of firm texture.
35. Eupatorium azureum DC. Prodr. 5: 168. 1836.
Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leén, and San Luis Potosf; type collected at Monterrey.
Shrub with spreading tomentellous branches; stem leaves deltoid-ovate,
acute, nearly truncate or even subcordate at base, coarsely toothed at the broadest
part, somewhat puberulent above, pubescent to grayish-tomentellous beneath,
usually 4 to 6 em. long, 3 to 4 em. wide, on slender petioles (1 to 2 cm. long), the
rameal leaves usually smaller and more narrowly ovate; heads about 1 cm. in
diameter, usually 40 to 70-flowered, slender-pediceled, in small, rather dense,
terminal corymbs; phyllaries herbaceous, striate, at least the inner acute;
corollas azure.
Used for astringent poultices (Gregg).
36. Eupatorium oresbium Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 337. 1900.
Morelos; type from a “‘wet mountain canyon above Cuernavaca, 6,500 ft.”
Shrub, 3 to 5 meters high; leaves opposite, ovate, acuminate, cuspidate-
dentate, rounded or subcordate at base, 5 or 7-nerved near the base, thin,
spreading-villous on the nerves beneath, otherwise nearly smooth, about 13 cm.
1450 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
long and 11 em. wide; petiole 7 to 10 em. long; corymbs trichotomous, convex,
moderately dense; heads about 16-flowered; phyllaries thin, not conspicuously
nerved, pale green, the inner oblong, obtuse, the outer much shorter, lanceolate,
acute; corollas trumpet-shaped, gradually expanded upward, purple but in old
specimens turning yellow, exceeding the white pappus.
37. Eupatorium oresbioides Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 618. 1909.
Oaxaca; type from “ Alturas de Oaxaca, 1,800 m.’”’ Guatemala.
Shrub, resembling the preceding but with leaves somewhat smaller (8 to 11
cm. long) and mostly hastately angled on one or both sides; petioles 1.5 to 5 cm. —
long; corymbs much rounded, oblate-spherical; phyllaries and corollas purple-
tinged.
38. Eupatorium hylobium Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 249.
1904.
Known only from the original collection, secured in mountain woods between
San Martin and Ococingo, Chiapas.
Shrub with terete flexuous branches at length roughened by prominent
lenticels; leaves rhombic-ovate, sharply serrate, thin, membranaceous, green and
glabrous above, slightly paler and puberulent on the veins beneath, 5 to 7 em.
long, half as wide; corymbs leafy-bracted, round-topped, about 10 cm. in diam-
eter; pedicels filiform, flexuous, 3 to 6 mm. long; heads about 14-flowered,
7 mm. high; phyllaries pale green, thin, nearly nerveless, the inner oblong,
obtuse, the outer much shorter, lanceolate, attenuate; corollas gradually enlarged
upward, glabrous, the limb very short.
39. Eupatorium pycnocephalum Less. Linnaea 6: 404. 1831.
Eupatorium diversifolium Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Gotting. 1829: 2. 1829,
without character.
Eupatorium virgatum Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Gotting. 1829: 2. 1829, with-
out character.
Eupatorium schiedeanum Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Gotting. 1832: 3. 1832.
Eupatorium sonorae A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 74. 1853.
Common throughout Mexico. Widely distributed in the warmer parts of
continental America.
A tropical weed 30 to 80 cm. high, for the most part wholly herbaceous but
occasionally developing distinctly lignescent stems; leaves opposite, petiolate,
deltoid-ovate, acuminate, crenate-serrate; heads about 25-flowered, 4 to 6 mm.
long, aggregate in small dense rounded corymbs, these often numerous and dis-
posed in ample leafy-bracted panicles; phyllaries mostly elliptic-ovate, the middle
and inner rounded at tip, the outermost sometimes acute; corollas purple (rarely
white). ‘‘Mejorana”’ (El Salvador); ‘‘mejorana morada”’ (Guatemala).
40. Eupatorium adenospermum Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald
299. 1856.
Type locality, Sierra Madre; subsequently collected only in the Sierra Madre
between Michoac4n and Guerrero.
Shrub or perennial herb, erect, with slender, terete, virgate, brownish purple,
leafy stems; leaves alternate, subsessile, firm-chartaceous, ovate-oblong, acute,
subentire or serrulate, 4 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, reticulate-veiny on both
surfaces, puberulent on the chief veins beneath, sprinkled with sessile resinous
globules; corymbs fastigiately branched, flattish; heads about 15 mm. high,
about 10-flowered; phyllaries pluriseriate, ovate-oblong, rounded at tip; corollas
nearly tubular, white; style branches conspicuously clavate, yellow; achenes
slender, tapering at base, closely beset with globular glands.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1451
41. Eupatorium dryophilum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 478. 1901.
Eupatorium adenospermum var. pleianthuwm A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15:
26. 1879.
Eupatorium pleianthwm Robinson, Proe. Amer. Acad. 36: 483. 1901.
Jalisco; type locality, ‘rocky hills near Guadalajara.”
Erect perennial, about 60 cm. high, slightly lignescent toward the base, with
habit and inflorescence as in the preceding; leaves opposite or subopposite
(except a few of the uppermost), subsessile, oval to ovate, rounded to acute at
tip, serrate, of firm texture, 1.5 to 4.5 cm. long, two-thirds as wide; heads 1.5
em. high; phyllaries several-seriate, ovate-oblong, rounded at tip, usually purple-
tinged; achenes slender, glandular-atomiferous.
42. Eupatorium monanthum Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 299,
1856.
Colima, Guerrero, and Oaxaca, at 150 to 700 meters; type from the “Sierra
Madre.”
A straggling, alternately branched shrub; stems terete, mottled, pithy, scarcely
lignescent; leaves alternate, slender-petioled, suborbicular-ovate, obtuse to more
often shortly acuminate, entire to serrulate, mostly 3 to 8 em. long and 2.5 to 7
em. wide; heads 1 or 2-flowered, in paniculately disposed spherical glomerules,
sessile. ‘‘Zacate minero.”
Popularly believed to be an indicator of mineral deposits (Langlassé).
43. Eupatorium pelotrophum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42: 44. 1906.
Known only from the original collection, secured in clayey soil on the Sierra
Madre, near the boundary of Michoacan and Guerrero, altitude 2,300 meters.
Shrub 1.5 meters high; branches virgate, slender, terete, dark brown, puberu-
lent; leaves opposite, ovate, caudate-acuminate, serrate at the sides, rounded at
base, 3 or 5-nerved from the base, 7 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, of firm texture,
sparingly puberulent and openly reticulate-veiny on both surfaces; petiole about
1 em. long; heads commonly 4-flowered, in short axillary nodding cymes at length
forming subglobose glomerules about the upper nodes; phyllaries about 9, lance-
oblong, obtuse, purplish brown, scarcely half as long as the florets; corollas white.
44. Eupatorium campechense Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 30. 1907.
Campeche; type from Apazoli near Yohalttn.
Shrubby, nearly glabrous; branches slender, terete, striate, smooth; leaves
opposite, petiolate, lanceolate, attenuate, often faleate, 3-nerved, thickish, shining,
8 to 10 cm. long, 2.4 to 3 em. wide, rather distantly serrate-toothed, glabrous or
nearly so; petiole about 1 cm. long; heads about 5-flowered, slender-pediceled, in
flattish corymbs; phyllaries stramineous, smooth, striate, obtuse, somewhat
5-ranked vertically; corollas pale, tubulate; achenes pubescent.
45. Eupatorium leucocephalum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 86. 1841.
Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Guatemala, where the type was col-
lected at Acatenango; also El Salvador.
Suffruticose, 1 to 3 meters high, often slightly pubescent; stems terete; leaves
opposite, lance-oblong, long-acuminate, coarsely serrate, 3-nerved from near the
entire, obtuse or cuneate base, 6 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 em. wide; petiole 1 to 3 em.
long; heads small, 6 to 8-flowered, slender-pediceled in large ovoid thyrses; phyl-
laries ovate to oblong, white, lustrous. ‘Flor de plata,’ ‘“hierba de plata,”
“eoyontura” (El Salvador); ‘“‘chilea,”’ “chileo”’ (Guatemala).
45a. Eupatorium leucocephalum var. anodontum Robinson, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 51: 534. 1916.
Known only from the type collection, secured at La Victoria, near the boundary
between Michoacdén and Guerrero.
Leaves subentire, somewhat narrower than in the typical form.
1452 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
46. Eupatorium peninsulare T. 8. Brandeg Erythea 7: 4. 1899.
Southern Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Shrub of smoothish appearance but finely pubescent; stems erect, 1 to 2 meters
high; leaves opposite, petiolate, deltoid-hastate, acuminate, crenate-serrate to
subentire, abruptly narrowed at base, subcoriaceous, 3-nerved; heads about
10-flowered, in a terminal leafy-bracted pyramidal panicle; involucre much
shorter than the florets; phyllaries oval to oblong, rounded at tip, striate-costulate,
ciliate; corollas slender, tubulate, yellowish white.
46a. Eupatorium peninsulare var. epipolimum Robinson, Contr. Gray
Herb. n. ser. 73: 17. 1924.
Baja California; type from Aguaje de Santana.
Grayish-tomentellous; otherwise essentially like the typical form.
47. Eupatorium spinaciaefolium (DC.) A. Gray in Torr. U.S. & Mex. Bound.
Bot. 75. 1858-59.
Bulbostylis spinaciaefolia DC. Prodr. 5: 139. 1836.
Eupatorium hastile Schauer, Linnaea 19: 719. 1847.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type collected between Victoria and Tula,
Tamaulipas.
Erect opposite-branched calciphile shrub; leaves opposite, petiolate, triangular-
hastate, acuminate, irregularly toothed, membranaceous, green and scantily
puberulent on both surfaces; heads 10 to 12-flowered, in ample leafy panicles;
involucre nearly equaling the florets; phyllaries oval to oblong, rounded at tip,
stramineous, striate; corollas yellowish or greenish white.
48. Eupatorium blepharolepis Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 300.
1856.
Known only from the original collection, said to have come from the Sierra
Madre.
Slender glabrous shrub with terete purple branches; leaves opposite, ovate or
lance-ovate, acute or narrowed to an obtuse tip, sparingly serrate, 3-nerved,
mostly 2 to 3 em. long, half as wide; petiole 2 to 4 mm. long; corymbs rounded,
terminal on long peduncles; heads small (about 5 mm. high), 30 to 40-flowered;
phyllaries oblong, blunt, purple-stained.
49. Eupatorium nelsonii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 337. 1900.
Guerrero and Oaxaca; type collected between Ayusinapa and Petatldn,
Guerrero.
Shrub, 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaves opposite, ovate, acuminate, dentate at the
sides, cordate or subcordate and sometimes slightly hastate at base, 3 to 7-
nerved, membranaceous, finely pubescent, 7 to 10 em. long, 4 to 5 em. wide;
petiole 3 to 4.5 em. long; heads about 16-flowered, in short, opposite, chiefly
axillary corymbs, nodding; phyllaries elliptical, rounded at tip, light green
striate.
50. Eupatorium phoenicolepis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 338. 1900.
Known only from the original collection, obtained between San Cristébal and
Teopisca, Chiapas.
Slender-stemmed shrub or perennial herb; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate,
acuminate, finely crenate-serrate, cordate at base, usually with a narrow sinus,
above puberulent, dull green, below paler, reticulate-veiny, 5 to 7 cm. long, 2.5
to 4.5 cm. wide; corymbs strongly convex or even ovoid; heads about 18-flowered,
1 cm. long; corollas crimson or purple.
51. Eupatorium constipatiflorum Klatt, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien.
9: 355. 1894.
Known only from the type material, collected in Mexico by Galeotti in 1844;
its label is unnumbered and as to locality illegible.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1453
Probably a soft-wooded shrub, clothed with fuscous tomentum; leaves oppo-
site, rhombic-ovate, long-acuminate, often faleate, sharply serrate, about 8 cm.
long, 3 to 3.5 cm. wide, cuneate at base; heads few, large, densely clustered :
phyllaries oblong, acute, dorsally puberulent on the upper part; corollas purple
52. Eupatorium atrorubens (Lem.) Nicholson, Dict. Gard. 1: 540. 1885.
Hebeclinium atrorubens Lem. Illustr. Hort. 9: pl. 310. 1862.
?Eupatorium grandiflorum André, Rev. Hort. 1882: 384 (with unnumbered
plate). 1882.
?Eupatorium raffllii Hemsl. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 184: pl. 8227. 1908.
Raised from seed collected in Mexico (probably Chiapas) by Ghiesbreght.
Robust but scarcely lignescent, 60 to 80 em. high; stems several, terete,
densely clothed with long, spreading, red or purple, jointed hairs; leaves 10 to 30
cm. long, more than two-thirds as wide, opposite, petiolate, acuminate at apex,
obtuse to cordate at base, cuspidate-dentate; corymbs terminal, 20 to 30 em. in
breadth; heads numerous, about 12 mm. high; phyllaries lance-linear, attenuate,
red or purple-villous on the back.
A species marked by the highly colored pubescence closely investing its stems.
Introduced into European horticulture about 1862. Scarcely more than a
selected or ameliorated form of EL. sordidum Less.
53. Eupatorium megalophyllum (Lem.) Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 90. 1884.
Hebeclinium macrophyllum Lem. Cat. Hort. J. Versch.; Lem. Illustr. Hort. 9:
74. 1862.
Hebeclinium megalophyllum Lem. Illustr. Hort. 9: 73. 1862; Regel, Garten-
flora 16: pl. 548. 1867.
Described from cultivated material believed to have been of Mexican origin;
not known in the wild.
A stout suffrutescent plant with terete green stems; leaves opposite, long-
petioled, suborbicular, bluntly pointed to subecordate at base, shortly pointed at
apex, shallowly cuspidate-dentate, often 30 cm. or more in diameter; corymbs
compound, dense, 30 to 50 cm. wide; heads about 60-flowered; phyllaries oblong-
linear, acute; corollas illustrated as roseate and the conspicuous style branches
as azure.
Not satisfactorily known.
54. Eupatorium thespesiaefolium DC. Prodr. 5: 164. 1836.
Morelos and probably Orizaba; the type from Mexico without locality.
Hollow-stemmed shrub or perhaps scarcely more than a stout herb, 1.5 to 2.5
meters high; stems terete, densely covered with sordid, somewhat tawny wool;
leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, acuminate, very blunt or subtruncate at base,
pinnately 7 to 9-nerved, thin, 18 to 22 cm. long, 10 to 15 cm. wide; corymbs
5 to 15 cm. in diameter; phyllaries lanceolate, tomentellous on back; corollas
and especially the long style branches clear rose color.
Doubtfully distinct from the following.
55. Eupatorium sordidum Less. Linnaea 6: 403. 1831.
Conoclinium ianthinum Morren, Ann. Soc. Agr. Bot. Gand 5: 173. 1849.
Hebeclinium ianthinum Hook. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 77: pl. 4574. 1851.
Hebeclinium panamense Carr. Rev. Hort. 1877: 330 (with unnumbered plate).
1877.
Eupatorium ianthinum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 96. 1881.
Eupatorium brevipetiolatum Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 90. 1884; in part only,
namely as to plant of Sartorius.
Eupatorium septuplinervium Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 90. 1884.
Hebeclinium sordidum Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 91. 1884.
Hebeclinium macrocephalum Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 91. 1884.
1454 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Eupatorium “subtriplinervium Klatt;”’ Pringle, Pl. Mex. 1899: on 2nd [un-
numbered] page; a clerical error for EF. septuplinervium Klatt, as explained
by Hemsl. in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 134: pl. 8227. 1908.
Veracruz and San Luis Potosf; also from the boundary between Michoacdn
and Guerrero; originally collected on the ‘“‘ Cuesta grande de Chiconquiaco”’ and
in the woods of Jalapa.
Shrub with terete stems clothed on the younger parts with dense, sordid or
tawny, woolly pubescence, this occasionally reduced to a short puberulence;
leaves opposite, ovate to ovate-oblong, sharply serrate to merely cuspidate-
denticulate, shortly acuminate, pinnately somewhat 5-nerved from well above the
base, 7 to 10 cm. long, 5 to 8 (or 10) cm. wide; petiole 2.5 to 5 em. long; corymbs
dense, convex, 4 to 8 cm. in diameter; phyllaries linear, acuminate, dorsally
tomentellous; flowers violet, fragrant. ‘‘ Xiquite’’ (Oaxaca, Reko).
This species has long been in cultivation in different but inconstant forms,
much confused as to their naming and in no way clarified by showy though very
uaccurate horticultural plates.
56. Eupatorium miradorense Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 28: 576. 1901.
Eupatorium brevipetiolatum (Schultz Bip.) Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 90. 1884,
as to Liebmann’s no. 87 on which Schultz based his Hebeclinium brevipeti-
olatum; not, however, Eupatorium brevipetiolatum Schultz Bip.; Baker in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 6?: 335, in obs. 1876.
Hebeclinium brevipetiolatum Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 90. 1884.
Veracruz; as yet known only from the original collection secured by Liebmann
at Petlapa.
Shrub closely resembling the preceding and having its terete branches similarly
clothed with a dirty-tawny wool; leaves distinctly oblong, mostly narrow-
acuminate, acute at base, 9 to 15 em. long, 4 to 7 cm. wide, merely cuspidate-
denticulate, distinctly and regularly pinate-veined; petiole 5 to 12 mm. long;
otherwise much like the preceding.
57. Eupatorium cremastum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42: 38. 1906.
Known only from the type collection, gathered on the crest of the Sierra Madre
between Michoacan and Guerrero.
Shrub 3 to 4 meters high; branches brown, terete, glabrous; leaves opposite,
petiolate, ovate-oblong, acuminate, serrate, at base rounded but with short
acumination, feather-veined, glabrous above, slightly woolly on the midrib
beneath, about 15 cm. long and a third as wide; petiole 3 em. long; heads about
10-flowered, long-pediceled, nodding in axillary clusters; phyllaries green, linear,
attenuate; corollas white.
58. Eupatorium lucidum Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 35. 1797.
Eupatorium capnoresbium Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 331. 1900.
Eupatorium glaucum Schultz Bip.; Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 331,
333. 1900. Not E. glaucum Schultz Bip. ex Klatt.
Mexico and Federal District; described from Mexican material cultivated in the
Botanical Garden in Madrid.
Shrub 1.5 to 3 meters high; branches flexuous, brown or purple, when young
densely covered with spreading gland-tipped pubescence; leaves ovate-oblong,
acutish or acute, serrate, but entire toward the rounded to acute base, thickish,
glossy, distinctly paler beneath, 2.5 to 5 em. long, about half as wide; petiole 4 to
15 mm. long; corymbs round-topped, rather dense, 4 to 15 cm. in diameter;
heads about 10-flowered; phyllaries subequal, lance-linear, acutish, usually purple-
tinged; corollas roseate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1455
59. Eupatorium ligustrinum DC. Prodr. 5: 181. 1836.
Eupatorium micranthum Lag. as doubtfully interpreted by Less. Linnaea 5:
188. 1830. Probably not EZ. micranthum Lag. Gen. & Sp. Noy. 25. 1816.
Eupatorium semialatum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 76. 1840.
Eupatorium myriadenium Schauer, Linnaea 19: 721. 1847.
Eupatorium weinmannianum Regel & Koern. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1857:
41. 1857.
Eupatorium biceps Klotzsch; Vatke, Bot. Zeit. 30: 719. 1872. (A brief paper
indicating many horticultural synonyms of this species.)
Eupatorium popocatapetlense Schlecht.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 99.
1881.
Eupatorium erythropappum Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist. 31: 248.
1904.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, Veracruz, and Chiapas; type from
Tamaulipas. Guatemala and Costa Rica.
Attractive shrub 1.2 to 5 meters high; leaves oblong, acuminate, serrately few-
toothed, cuneate and often somewhat crisped and revolute toward the base,
_ feather-veined, thickish-membranaceous, mostly 4 to 9 em. long and 2 to 4 em.
wide, usually beset beneath with glistening globules; corymbs convex, fastigiate,
many-headed; heads 4 to 8-flowered; phyllaries linear, gland-dotted, scarcely
half the length of the florets; corollas white; pappus often deep rose.
A highly valued greenhouse plant long cultivated under many horticultural
names and running into some more or less striking though apparently inconstant
forms. Of these the following seems to justify botanical recognition.
59a. Eupatorium ligustrinum var. villiferum Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb.
n. ser. 75: 10. 1925.
Coahuila and San Luis Potosf; type from mountains near Carneros Pass.
Young branches, petioles, etc., spreading-villous as well as finely puberulent;
leaves pubescent on both surfaces.
The leaves in this pubescent form show in venation some transition to the fol-
lowing species, being pinnately 5-nerved from above the base rather than regularly
pinnate-veined.
60. Eupatorium saltillense Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 34. 1907.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; type collection secured at Saltillo.
Opposite-branched shrub 0.9 to 1.5 meters high; leaves ovate, obtuse, undulate
to serrate-dentate, the blade decurrent on the upper part of the petiole and there
tending to be revolute and ruffled, sparsely or only obsoletely hirtellous, subcon-
colorous, of firmly membranaceous texture, distinctly 3-ribbed from well above the
base, punctate beneath, 4 to 6 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide; corymbs many-headed,
convex, 4 to 10 em. wide, puberulent; heads about 5-flowered; corollas white or
pink-tinged; pappus roseate.
Except in its pronouncedly 3-nerved leaves, very close to EH. ligustrinum, of
which it may prove a mere variety.
61. Eupatorium hederaefolium A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 65.
1849. 3
Known only from the type collection, secured at Cosihuiriachi, in the Sierra
Madre west of Chihuahua.
Shrub 1 to 1.3 meters high; branches opposite, terete, ascending, slender;
branchlets purple; leaves opposite, long-petioled, reniform-ovate, rounded at
tip, coarsely crenate, openly cordate at base, about 4 cm. long and wide, paler
beneath, membranaceous; heads 10 to 12-flowered, in dense terminal sessile
corymbs; phyllaries oblong, crisped-puberulent.
57020—26—_10
1456 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
62. Eupatorium longifolium Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 480. 1901.
San Luis Potosi and Veracruz; type from Tamasopo Canyon, San Luis Potosf.
Suffruticose, 1 meter high; stems slender, terete, covered with fine dark spread-
ing pubescence; leaves opposite, ovate, narrowed from near the base to a caudate-
attenuate tip; crenate-serrate at the sides, cordate at base, 3-nerved, thin, dark
green above, paler and slightly velvety beneath, 8 to 12 cm. long, 4 to 5 cm. wide;
petiole mostly 8 to 16 mm. long; heads 10 to 12-flowered, disposed in a large,
leafy-bracted, ovoid or pyramidal panicle; phyllaries linear-attenuate, 3 or
4-nerved, pubescent; corollas greenish white, often with a dull purple tinge.
63. Eupatorium solidaginoides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 126. 1820.
Eupatorium filicaule Schultz Bip.; A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 384. 1886.
Eupatorium stipuliferwm Rusby, Mem. Torrey Club 4: 210. 1895.
Ophryosporus solidaginoides Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 29: 4. 1900.
San Luis Potosf, Veracruz, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. Widely distributed in
Central and South America; type collected between Ticsan and Alausi, Ecuador.
A slender, wholly herbaceous or slightly lignescent calciphile with some
tendency to climb; leaves opposite, slender-petioled, ovate, caudate-acuminate,
the cauline open-cordate and more or less hastate at base, dentate, membran-
aceous, 5 to 12 em. long, half as wide, puberulent to subtomentellous on the
nerves beneath; heads 10 to 15-flowered, slender-pediceled and subracemose on.
the spreading branches of a large leafy-bracted panicle; phyllaries lanceolate,
acute, loosely imbricate, usually purple-tinged.
63a. Eupatorium solidaginoides var. armourii Robinson, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 55: 32. 1919.
Chiapas; known only from the type collection secured at Palenque.
Leaves narrowly triangular, much more decidedly hastate and more deeply
crenate-toothed than in the typical form.
A marked variation but inseparable by trustworthy characters.
64. Eupatorium pseudoperfoliatum Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20:
75. 1884.
Veracruz; known only from the original collection made at Consoquitla.
A slender shrub with virgate stems; leaves opposite, ovate, acuminate, crenate-
dentate, cordate, so short-petioled as to appear sessile and stem-clasping, mem-
branaceous, 6 to 10 em. long, 4 to 5 em. wide, brown-tomentellous on both
surfaces; heads about 12 to 14-flowered, shortly pediceled at tips of the branches
of a loose pyramidal leafy-bracted panicle; phyllaries lanceolate, attenuate,
2 or 3-ribbed, brownish-puberulent.
65. Eupatorium leucoderme Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 274. 1905.
Known only from the original collection obtained at Chuta, presumably in
Guerrero, altitude 25 meters, in sandy soil.
Shrub with arcuate terete cream-white branches; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
caudate-acuminate, serrate to subentire, rounded at base, thin, somewhat
puberulent, 5 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 2.5 em. wide; petiole about 6 mm. long; heads
about 6-flowered, in dense, ovoid, lateral or terminal, short-peduncled thyrses;
phyllaries lance-linear, less than half as long as the florets; corollas white»
slender-tubulate.
66. Eupatorium albicaule Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot.
2: 92. 1881, hyponym; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 89. 1884.
Eupatorium drepanophyllum Klatt, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien. 9: 356.
1894.
Veracruz, San Luis Potosi, and Yucatan; type from Papantla, Veracruz.
Tall shrub 3 to 9 meters high; branches flexuous or arcuate, terete, cream-
white; branchlets sparingly puberulent to fulvous-tomentellous; leaves smooth,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1457
oblong, falcate-acuminate, serrate to subentire, 3-nerved from above the rounded
base, 5 to 12 cm. long, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide, subcoriaceous; petiole mostly 8 to 13
mm. long; heads about 7 or 8-flowered, in dense rounded short-peduncled corymbs;
phyllaries lance-linear, acute, much shorter than the florets; corollas tubulate,
slender, pale.
67. Eupatorium ymalense Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 75: 14. 1925.
Eupatorium albicaule var. lazius Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 330. 1900.
Sinaloa; type from Ymala.
Tall shrub with firm, light gray bark; leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, acumi-
nate, entire, thin, membranaceous, almost glabrous, 3-nerved from slightly above
the rounded base, 7 to 12 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. wide; petiole slender, 5 to 9 mm.
long; panicles pedunculate, lateral and terminal, ovoid, about 6 cm. in diameter;
heads pediceled, about 13-flowered, 8 to. 10 mm. high; phyllaries linear, attenu-
ate, dorsally puberulent; corollas pale, almost tubular, granulate.
68. Eupatorium glischrum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 54: 245. 1918.
Known only from the original collection obtained on the summit of the Sierra
de Parras, Coahuila.
Glutinous shrub with opposite, ascending, flexuous and nodulose branches;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, slightly cuspidate at tip, cuneate at base, entire,
3-nerved, glabrous and vernicose on both surfaces, 2 to 3.5 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm.
wide; petiole 2 to 6 mm. long; heads 4 to 6-flowered, in small dense convex corymbs
scarcely surpassing the leaves; phyllaries narrowly oblong, obtuse; corollas
purplish.
69. Eupatorium areolare DC. Prodr. 5: 169. 1836.
Eupatorium tubiflorum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 76. 1841.
Eupatorium brevisetum DC. Prodr. 5: 169. 1836.
Michoacdn and Chiapas; type from the Guachilaca Mountains. Guatemala.
Slender-branched shrub 3 to 5 meters high, shortly purplish-velvety on branch-
lets, petioles, and inflorence; leaves opposite, ovate to ovate-oblong or ovate-
lanceolate, gradually acuminate to a usually falcate tip, serrate, rounded to shal-
lowly cordate at base, finely areolate above, paler, reticulate, and crisped-pubes-
cent to tomentellous beneath, 6 to 13 em. long, 3 to 6 em. wide; petiole 1 to 1.5 cm.
long; heads 12 to 20-flowered, in dense rounded terminal and stalked axillary
corymbs (much shorter than the leaves); corollas white, with long tubular throat
and much exceeding the narrow acute pubescent phyllaries.
70. Eupatorium brevipes DC. Prodr. 5: 168. 1836.
Kyrstenia brevipes Greene, Leaflets 1: 9. 1903.
San Luis Potosi to Oaxaca, Michoacdin, and Durango.
Erect shrub 1.5 to 2.5 meters high with virgate leafy branches; leaves opposite
and alternate, shortly petioled, lance-oblong to narrowly oval, acuminate to
(rarely) obtuse, crenate-serrate from near the middle outward, 3-nerved, 3 to
8 cm. long, 8 to 25 mm. wide, scabrid-puberulent above, grayish-puberulent to
subtomentellous beneath; heads about 20 to 25-flowered, in strongly convex to
ovoid corymbs; phyllaries linear, acute, dorsally pubescent; corollas white or
nearly so. ‘‘Chamiso”’ (Seler).
71. Eupatorium liebmannii Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 75. 1884.
Eupatorium hirsutum DC. Prodr. 5: 170. Sept. 1836. Not E. hirsutum Hook.
& Arn. March, 1836.
Eupatorium pseudo-hirsutum Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 22: 758. 1897.
Oaxaca and Morelos; type from Planlanito.
Virgate-branched shrub with habit like the preceding but leaves oblanceolate to
narrowly oblong, strongly discolorous, canescent-tomentose beneath, and feather-
veined instead of 3-nerved; corollas white or pink-tinged.
1458 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
72. Eupatorium crassirameum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 332. 1900. |
Morelos and Veracruz; type from lava fields near Cuernavaca.
Soft-wooded tree 3 to 4 meters high with thick, curved, pale grayish, at anthesis
leafless branchlets; leaves opposite, broadly ovate, coarsely and undulately or
sinuately few-toothed or angled, shortly acuminate, thin, green and glabrous on
both surfaces, 10 to 16 cm. long, 8 to 14 em. wide; petiole about 5 em. long; heads
about 15-flowered, in dense rounded compound corymbs; phyllaries linear-oblong,
subacute; corollas purple.
A species of unique habit.
73. Eupatorium desquamans Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 333. 1909.
Known only from the original collection, made on the Sierra de San Felipe,
Oaxaca.
A low much-branched shrub; branches flexuous, nodulose, leafy chiefly at the
tip; buds and young leaves covered with a silvery-gray membranous coating, this
breaking away and desquamating; leaves opposite, ovate, obtusé or obtusish at
both ends, crenulate, paler beneath, 1 to 1.8 em. long, 8 to 11 mm. wide; petiole
3 to 5 mm. long; heads about 15-flowered, in racemiform corymbs; phyllaries
linear, acute, purplish brown, densely beset with sessile glands.
A little known species, probably rare and loeal.
74. Eupatorium rupicola Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 42. 1896.
Oaxaca; the original collection obtained on dry ledges of the Sierra de San
Felipe.
Branching hard-wooded shrub 1.5 to 3 meters high; branchlets slender, purple
or brown, leafy, covered with a fine dark incurved puberulence; leaves opposite,
petiolate, ovate, acuminate, crenate-serrate, rounded at base, green and smoothish
above, somewhat paler, very finely dark-reticulate and on the nerves and larger
veins pubescent to tomentellous beneath, 25 to 40 mm. long, 16 to 24 mm. wide;
petiole 6 to 8 mm. long; corymbs terminal and on short lateral branchlets, together
disposed in elongate leafy-bracted panicles; heads about 16-flowered; phyllaries
oblong, obtuse, smoothish, not half as long as the florets; corollas purplish white;
achenes subsericeous.
Another well marked and probably very local species, as yet but slightly known.
75. Eupatorium viburnoides DC. Prodr. 5: 171. 1836.
Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leén; type from gorges of the valley of Palmilla, be-
tween Victoria and Tula.
Shrub 1 to 2.4 meters high, sparingly arachnoid-tufted on buds, petioles, axils
of leaves, etc.; leaves opposite, large, obovate, obtuse to subacute, cuneate at base,
few-toothed to entire, coriaceous, on thick short petioles; heads about 15-flowered,
in rather dense corymbs; phyllaries linear-oblong, rounded at tip, smoothish;
corollas violet (Berlandier).
78. Eupatorium tetragonum Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Gott. 1830; Linnaea 6:
Litt. Ber. 72. 1831.
Known only from material cultivated at Goettingen from seeds said to have
been procured by Schiede in Mexico.
Said to be suffruticose; stem smooth, erect, weak; branches tetragonal, slightly
pubescent toward the summit; leaves opposite, rhombic-ovate, acuminate, ser-
rate except toward the obtusely pointed base, thinly membranaceous, smoothish
above, sparingly pubescent beneath, green on both surfaces, 7 to 11 cm. long,
3 to 5.5 cm. wide; petiole 2.5 to 3 em. long; heads 12 to 15-flowered; phyllaries
linear, attenuate; corollas white; pappus scarcely more than half as long as
corolla.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1459
77. Eupatorium adenachaenium Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 75.
1884.
Eupatorium adenochaetum Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 91.
1881; doubtless through clerical or typographical error and without char-
acter.
Eupatorium adenachenium Schultz Bip.; Hook. f. & Jacks. Ind. Kew. 1: 915.
1893; also by error.
Veracruz; type from Mount Orizaba.
Shrub with branches subterete and when young clothed with a dull rusty
pubescence; leaves opposite, lance-oblong (rather than triangular-ovate as origi-
nally described), acuminate at tip, acute at base, coarsely serrate at sides, 6 to 8
em. long, 2.5 to 3 em. wide, thickish, darkening in drying; petiole about 5 mm.
long; corymbs terminal, convex, 15 cm. wide; heads about 12-flowered, pediceled;
phyllaries lance-oblong, obtuse, densely short-pubescent and atomiferous; achenes
beset with sessile glands, especially on the angles.
78. Eupatorium brandegeanum Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 68: 10.
1923.
San Luis Potosf{; type from Minas de San Rafael.
A slender, openly branched and crisped-puberulent shrub; leaves opposite,
ovate, obtuse, crenate, truncate or shallowly cordate at base, membranaceous,
25 to 46 mm. long, 15 to 26 mm. wide; petiole 4 to 5 mm. long; heads 12 to
18-flowered, in loose corymbs; pedicels covered with stipitate dark glands;
phyllaries green, lance-linear, acute.
79. Eupatorium glabratum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 127. 1820.
Eupatorium xalapense H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 128. 1B
Vernonia toluccana DC. Prodr. 5: 30. 1836.
Eupatorium gonocladum DC. Prodr. 5: 171. 1836.
San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, Veracruz, Puebla, Mexico, and Federal District;
type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
Smoothish but viscid shrub 1 to 2.5 meters high; stem subterete, buff to
brown; branches ascending, more or less angled; leaves ovate- to rhombic-
oblong, obtuse to acute, serrulate to entire, cuneate at base, green above, pale
beneath, 2.5 to 6 cm. long, half as wide, slightly fleshy, commonly proliferous in
the axils; heads about 15 to 18-flowered, pedicellate in opposite-branched leafy-
bracted elongate fastigiate terminal panicles; phyllaries oblong, acutish, puber-
ulent, often purple-tinged; corollas pale pink. ‘‘Hillo”’ (Purpus); “hierba del
golpe”’ (Ehrenberg, who states that steam from a decoction of this plant cures
sprains).
A conservatory plant long cultivated for ornament.
80. Eupatorium subintegrum (Greene) Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser.
75: 138. 1925.
Eupatorium espinosarum var. subintegrifoliwm Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 26:
165. 1891.
Kyrstenia subintegra Greene, Leaflets 1: 10. 1903.
San Luis Potosi; type from shaded ledges of limerock, San José Pass.
Shrubby, vernicose and viscid, especially on the younger parts; stems terete;
branches opposite, ascending, flexuous, finely crisped-puberulent toward the
tips; leaves deltoid-ovate, subentire, acuminate, subtruncate at base, subcoriace-
ous, 3 to 5 cm. long, 2 to 3 em. wide; petiole 5 to 9 mm. long; corymbs (often
numerous) round-topped, rather dense, 3 to 5 em. broad; heads slender, 8 te 12
mm. long; phyllaries linear-attenuate.
1460 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
81. Eupatorium espinosarum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 28. 1879.
Eupatorium spiraeaefolium Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
101. 1881, nomen nudum.
Kyrstenia espinosarum Greene, Leaflets 1: 9. 1903.
Eupatorium spiraetfolium Schultz Bip.; Loesener, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 624.
1895.
Shrub 1 to 1.5 meters high, always somewhat vernicose and viscid, especially
on the involucres, the older branches often blackened; leaves opposite, petiolate,
firmly membranaceous to subcoriaceous, chiefly triangular-ovate but varying to
rhombic-ovate, obtuse to more often acute or acuminate, mostly subtruncate at
base, 2 to 3.8 em. long, 1 to 2.5 em. wide, bright green above, scarcely paler and
finely dark-reticulate beneath; petiole 5 (to 10) mm. long; corymbs many, 4 to 5
em. wide, convex; heads about 13-flowered; phyllaries oblong to elliptic, gummy
and often yellowish.
8la. Eupatorium espinosarum var. doratophyllum Robinson, Contr. Gray
Herb. n. ser. 75: 6. 1925.
Eupatorium robinsonianum Greene, Erythea 1: 150. 1893.
Jalisco and Hidalgo; type from canyon walls near Lake Chapala.
A slightly gummy shrub differing from the typical form in having lanceolate
rather than ovate leaves 2.5 to 3 cm. long and 9 to 13 mm. wide, rounded rather
than subtruncate at base.
82. Eupatorium hebes Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 75: 7. 1925.
Southern Mexico, presumably Veracruz; type from ‘‘ Mecatlan, St. Andrés.”
Shrub assuming (at least in dried specimens) a dull yellowish brown color;
subterete branches and hexagonal branchlets as well as pedicels and phyllaries
closely beset with short spreading gland-tipped bristles; leaves opposite, petio-
late, broadly oval, rounded at tip, subentire, scarcely pointed at the base, 2 to 3.3
em. long, nearly as wide; corymbs 6 to 9 cm. in diameter; phyllaries lanceolate,
acute, dorsally glandular-puberulent.
82a. Eupatorium hebes var. rasum Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 75:
8. 1925.
With the typical variety.
Differing in having the branches somewhat more definitely angled and, as well
as the branchlets, pedicels, phyllaries, etc., quite free from the spreading bristles
characteristic of the typical variety.
83. Eupatorium havanense H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 128. 1820.
Eupatorium leiophyllum Less. Linnaea 6: 402. 1831.
Eupatorium berlandieri DC. Prodr. 5: 167. 1836.
Eupatorium ageratyolium DC. Prodr. 5: 173. 1836.
Eupatorium ageratifolium 8. ? mexicanum DC. Prodr. 5: 173. 1836.
Eupatorium ageratifolium B. texense Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 90. 1841.
Bulbostylis deltoides Buckley, Proc. Acad. Philad. 1861: 456. 1861.
Eupatorium texense Rydb. Fl. Colo. 335. 1906.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leén, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz. Texas,
Cuba, and Bahamas.
A neat shrub 1 to 2 meters high, smoothish to more often puberulent; stems
and ascending branches terete; leaves opposite, petiolate, of firm texture and
subcoriaceous, deltoid- to rhombic-ovate, 3-nerved from base, acute, coarsely
crenate-dentate to obscurely serrate or subentire, 3 to 5 (or 8) em. long, 1.2 to3
(or 4) em. wide; corymbs convex; heads at full maturity about 1 cm. long, well
pediceled; phyllaries green to purplish, linear, acute; pappus white to roseate;
corollas white or nearly so.
An abundant species, somewhat variable as to leaf form, dentation, degree of
pubescence, ete., yet without well-marked varieties.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1461
84. Eupatorium gracilicaule Schultz Bip.; Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42:
39. 1906.
Veracruz or Oaxaca; type from Tlacolula.
Shrub 3 meters high with slender terete smooth stems and opposite curved-
ascending branches; leaves ovate, falcate-acuminate, crenate-serrate, rounded or
searcely pointed at base, membranaceous, smoothish, glandular-punctate
beneath, 8 cm. long, 3 to 4 em. wide, the veinlets slightly translucent; petiole
slender, 2 to 2.5 em. long; corymhs rather open, sometimes combined into large
leafy-bracted panicles; heads about 13-flowered, slender-pediceled; phyllaries
linear, attenuate, dorsally pubescent and atomiferous.
85. Eupatorium mairetianum DC. Prodr. 5: 167. 1836.
Eupatorium lasioneuron Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 297. 1840.
Eupatorium cognatum Kunth & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1847: 13.
1847.
Michoacan, Federal District, Morelos, and Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Shrub 1 to 4.5 meters high, more or less arachnoid-tufted on younger parts
and especially in axils of the veins on lower surface of leaf; stems terete, brown
with white pith; leaves opposite, ovate to rhombic, acuminate, serrate except
toward the more often acute base, 6 to 11 cm. long, 3 to 5 em. wide, of firm texture,
green and glabrous above, much paler and more or less pubescent beneath;
corymbs usually disposed in ovoid leafy-bracted terminal thyrses; heads about
25-flowered, 12 to 16 mm. high; phyllaries linear, attenuate, pubescent.
86. Eupatorium subpenninervium Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20:
89. 1884.
Eupatorium melanolepis Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
97. 1881, nomen nudum; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 89. 1884.
Hupatorium subinclusum Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 75. 1884.
Eupatorium oxylepis Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 75. 1884. Not
E. oxylepis DC.
Oaxaca, Puebla, and Chiapas; type from Cumbre de Ectapa.
Shrub 1.5 to 6 meters high, covered on young branches, petioles, ete., with a
dark violet or at length rusty tomentum; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate,
acuminate, crenate-serrate, acute to rounded or rarely subcordate at base,
pubescent on both surfaces, deep green above, paler beneath, of soft membra-
naceous texture, 5 to 12 em. long, 4 to 8 cm. wide, pinnately nerved from above
the base; petiole 2 to 4.5 em. long; corymbs terminal, compound, 6 to 16 cm. in
diameter; heads 17 to 24-flowered; phyllaries dark violet, linear, obtuse to acute,
4 to 5 mm. long, only half the length of the florets; corollas purple.
87. Eupatorium vernale Vatke & Kurtz, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1871:
Append. 2. 1871; Gartenflora 1873: 36. 1873.
Described from cultivated material thought to have been of Mexican origin.
Shrub, or tall, slightly lignescent herb, in habit similar to the preceding but
covered with a much looser, villous or tomentose pubescence of pale spreading
hairs; leaves acuminate, coarsely serrate-dentate; phyllaries green, at maturity
7 to 10 mm. long, attenuate.
88. Eupatorium chiapense Robinson, Proc. Amer, Acad. 35: 332. 1900.
Chiapas and Morelos; also on crest of the Sierra Madre between Michoacan
and Guerrero; type collected near Pinabete, Chiapas.
A shrub 3 meters high; stems terete, densely clothed with purple or at length
rusty tomentum; leaves opposite, oblong-ovate, acuminate to (rarely) obtuse,
serrate, rounded, subcordate, or (rarely) obtusely pointed at base, pinnately nery-
ed from well above the base, pubescent on both surfaces, 6 to 14 cm. long, 5 to 8
em. wide, membranaceous; petiole 2 to 6 em. long; corymbs ample, convex,
1462 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
6 to 20 em. wide, closely beset with stipitate glands; heads 10 to 24-flowered;
phyllaries linear, attenuate, purple, gland-dotted.
Some specimens from Zacuapan in the State of Veracruz (Purpus 7078) appear
to be only a much smoother form of this species. ;
89. Eupatorium hidalgense Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 75: 8. 1925.
Hidalgo; type from Sierra de Pachuca.
Shrub 1 to 1.5 meters high; stems and spreading branches terete, dark gray to
almost black; branchlets dark purple, crisped-puberulent; leaves opposite,
rhombic-oblong, narrowed to an obtuse or rounded tip, subcuneate at base, entire
or nearly so, essentially glabrous, green above, pale and dark-punctate beneath,
1.5 to 3 em. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide; petiole 2 to 5 mm. long; corymbs terminal,
rather dense, flattish to distinctly convex, 3 to 6 em. wide, often numerous and
combined into a compound leafy inflorescence; heads 8 to 10 mm. high; phyllaries
linear, narrowed to an obtuse tip, green or purple-tinged, not half the length of
the florets; corollas white; pappus usually purplish toward the base.
90. Eupatorium rhomboideum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 127. 1820.
Eupatorium calaminthaefolium B pluridentatum DC. Prodr. 5: 171. 1836.
Mexico and Federal District; type collected between Tianguillo and Toluca.
Shrub 0.9 to 1.5 meters high; stems and ascending branches round; branchlets
somewhat hexagonal, puberulent; leaves opposite, rhombic-ovate, obtusish, cre-
nate except toward the cuneate to obtuse base, puberulent, 3-nerved, 2 to 3 (or 5)
em. long, 1.5 to 2.5 (or 3.5) em. wide; corymbs multiple or dense, strongly convex
to ovoid; heads about 1 cm. high; phyllaries oblong-lanceolate, acute, pubescent ;
corollas much exserted, purple-tinged.
91. Eupatorium irrasum Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 75: 8. 1925.
Eupatorium calaminthaefolium var. irrasum Robinson, Contr. Gray. Herb.
n. ser. 68: 11. 1923.
Oaxaca and Puebla; type from the Cordillera of Oaxaca.
A rather densely branched shrub; leaves very small, ovate, obtuse, serrate, con-
spicuously discolorous, puberulent and dull green above, canescent-tomentose
beneath, only 7 to 10 mm. long and 4 to 7 mm. wide; corymbs numerous, few-
headed; phyllaries lance-linear, acute, mostly purple-tinged, densely pubescent;
corollas purple.
92. Eupatorium porriginosum Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 75: 11.
1925.
Hidalgo, Federal District, and Oaxaca; type from bluffs of a barranca above
Metepec Station, Hidalgo.
Copiously branched, small-leaved shrub 0.9 to 1.5 meters high; stems terete,
at length glabrous; branches and branchlets crisped-puberulent; leaves opposite,
oval, entire or nearly so, obtuse to rounded at each end, membranaceous, slightly
paler beneath, sparingly puberulent and punctate on both surfaces, nearly always
slightly mottled on the upper as if obscurely lepidote, 1 to 2 cm. long, 7 to 15 mm.
wide; corymbs few-headed, umbelliform, numerous; pedicels 1 to 1.8 cm. long,
often exceeding the heads; phyllaries narrowly lanceolate, about half the length
of the florets; corollas purple or white.
93. Eupatorium wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 87. 1852.
Kyrstenia parvifolia Greene, Leaflets 1: 12. 1903.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and San Luis Potosi. Texas.
Much-branched grayish-puberulent or -pulverulent shrub 20 to 60 cm. high;
stems terete; cortex gray; leaves opposite, broadly oval, rounded to subacute at
apex, mostly rounded at base, entire or nearly so, membranaceous to chartace-
ous, the cauline 1.8 to 3 em. long, nearly as wide, the rameal often very numerous
and much smaller; corymbs small but numerous, often forming irregular com-
pound inflorescences; heads about 12-flowered; phyllaries lance-oblong, acute,
green; corollas white.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1463
94. Eupatorium calophyllum (Greene) Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser.
75: 5. 1925.
Kyrstenia calophylla Greene, Leaflets 1: 11. 1903.
Coahuila, San Luis Potosf, and Hidalgo; type from Saltillo.
A low calciphile shrub 15 to 30 em. high; stem decumbent or even prostrate and
subrepent, sending up erect branches; leaves opposite, suborbicular, varying to
ovoid or broadly elliptical, about 1.5 to 2 em. in diameter, crenate, thick, coriace-
ous, concolorous, minutely scrobiculate beneath, the glandular punctation tend-
ing to follow the yellowish green network of fine veinlets; petiole 3 to 6 mm. long;
corymbs mostly 3 to 5 cm. wide; heads about 12-flowered; phyllaries oblong, acute,
often purple-tinged, scarcely half as long as the florets;.corollas purple.
95. Eupatorium calaminthaefolium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 129. 1820.
Coahuila, San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato, and Hidalgo; type from Santa Rosa
de la Sierra, near Guanajuato.
Habitally similar to the preceding, but taller; leaves membranaceous or at
most chartaceous, sparingly puberulent, not scrobiculate, the glandular dots on
the surface of the areolae rather than on the netted veinlets; phyllaries oblong,
mostly obtuse.
In the past this species, very broadly interpreted, has been made to include
several now pretty readily distinguishable species.
96. Eupatorium glaucum Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 89. 1884.
Not £. glaucum Schultz Bip.; A. Gray in Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
95. 1881. See Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 333. 1900.
Eupatorium orizabae Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 90. 1884.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Pelado.
Low sprawling many-branched alpine undershrub, sordid-pubescent and glan-
dular; leaves opposite (the uppermost sometimes ternate or scattered and alter-
nate), subsessile, elliptic-oblong, thick, coriaceous, l(or 3)-nerved, revolute at
margin, 1 to 1.6 cm. long, 3 to 7 mm. wide; corymbs few-headed, 3 to 4 em. wide;
phyllaries oblong, mostly obtuse, nerveless, purple-tinged; corollas purple.
97. Eupatorium rhodopodum Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 75: 12.
1925.
San Luis Potosf; type from Minas de San Rafael.
Shrub 40 em. or more in height, sparingly dark-villous on the younger parts,
otherwise glabrous; stems terete and branches nearly so; leaves opposite, sub-
sessile, broadly ovate to ovate-oblong, obtuse to barely acute, rounded to sub-
cordate at base, slightly undulate-dentate, thick, coriaceous, 2 to 3 cm. long,
1.4 to 2.5 em. wide, green and glabrous on both surfaces, not punctate, the very
short petiole thick, often reddish purple; corymbs terminal, 3 to 6 cm. wide;
heads long-pediceled; phyllaries lance-oblong, acute, ciliate, often purple-tinged ;
pappus bright rose-color.
98. Eupatorium mygindaefolium A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 16: 101.
1880.
Bigelovia oppositifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 32. 1879. Not
Eupatorium oppositifolium Hoffmannsegg.
San Luis Potosi; type from ravine in cool mountains near San Miguel.
Low, much branching, sprawling, vernicose undershrub; stems nodose, fuscous;
leaves oblong, acute or acutish at each end, few-toothed above the middle, about
14 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, coriaceous, green and often gummy on both surfaces;
heads subsolitary at ends of the branches, at maturity 12 to 14 mm. long, sur-
rounded by foliaceous bracts. t
1464 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
99. Eupatorium campylocladum Robinson, Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31:
247. 1904.
Coahuila; type from General Cepida.
Pliant-stemmed shrub with dark gray cortex; branches flexuous, nodulose (the
internodes mostly very short), denuded of leaves except near the tip; leaves
ovate-suborbicular, obtuse, serrate, shallowly cordate at base, about 2 cm. long
and 1.7 em. wide, glabrous but gummy on both surfaces; petiole 5 to 7 mm. long;
heads 1 to several at tips of branches, about 13 mm. long; phyllaries oblong,
acute, thin, green, glandular-puberulent.
100. Eupatorium vernicosum Schultz Bip.; Greenm. Zoe 5: 186. 1904.
Mexico; type (i. e., plant described by Greenman) from rocks near timber line
on Mount Ixtaccihuatl.
Low shrub with forking nodulose blackish stems and branches; leaves oppo-
site, ovate, shortly acuminate, serrate, rounded to shallowly cordate at base,
gummy and very viscid on both surfaces, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, 3 to 6
em. long, 1.5 to 4 em. wide; heads mostly 1 to 5 at the ends of the branches,
1.5 em. long and equally broad, long-pediceled.
101. Eupatorium multiserratum Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald
301. 1856.
Type locality vaguely stated as Sierra Madre, but species rediscovered by
Dr. Palmer in Durango. .
Tall shrub with terete stems, long internodes, and ascending branches; leaves
opposite, ovate to ovate-oblong, acute to obtuse at tip, sharply serrulate, rounded
at base, thickish-membranaceous, tufted in the axils of the chief veins beneath,
3.5 to 5.5 cm. long, 1.8 to 2.7 em. wide; petiole 1 to 1.8 cm. long; corymbs loose,
few-headed, umbelliform; heads 1 to 1.2 em. long, about 32-flowered; phyllaries
smoothish, lance-linear, attenuate, nearly equaling the florets.
102. Eupatorium hyssopinum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 28. 1879.
Eupatorium koelliaefolium Greene, Pittonia 3: 31. 1896.
Kyrstenia koelliaefolia Greene, Leaflets 1: 9. 1903.
San Luis Potosf, Durango, and Chihuahua; type probably from the region of
San Luis Potosi.
Erect-stemmed, essentially herbaceous perennial but sometimes developing a
decidedly woody base in age; stems terete, 30 to 60 cm. high, bearing almost
from base to summit many slender ascending branches; leaves lanceolate, acute
or obtuse at apex, cuneate at the sessile base, ciliolate, otherwise nearly glabrous,
12 to 22 mm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, membranaceous; corymbs terminal, moder-
ately convex, 6 to 14 cm. in diameter; corollas white.
103. Eupatorium riparium Regel, Gartenflora 1866: 324. 1866.
Eupatorium flexicaule Schnittspahn, Zeitschr. Gartenb. Ver. Darmstadt 6:
Anlage 2: 5. 1857, without diagnosis.
Eupatorium riparium Schultz Bip.; Schnittspahn, loc. cit. 1857, also without
diagnosis.
Eupatorium harristi Urban, Symb. Antill. 1: 460. 1900.
Slender, nearly herbaceous plant with terete, flexuous, finely pubescent, at
length somewhat lignescent stems; leaves opposite, lanceolate, attenuate to each
end, serrate from near the middle outward, 3-nerved from somewhat above the
base, 5 to 10 em. long, 1 to 2.5 em. wide, sparingly pubescent on the nerves;
corymbs numerous, small, panicled; phyllaries pale green, lanceolate, scarious-
edged; corollas white.
A copious bloomer, easily grown and long valued in hothouse cultivation. In
giving this species its first valid publication, Regel in no way alludes to its earlier
though invalid mention in print, which therefore does not give ground for use of
Schultz’s name as authority.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1465
104. Eupatorium tomentellum Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Gott. 1833: 3.
pl. 8. 1833.
Eupatorium smithii Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 340. 1900.
Oaxaca and Puebla. Guatemala.
Rusty-tomentellous shrub 0.9 to 1.5 meters high, with curved or flexuous, more
or less hexagonal branches; leaves deltoid-ovate (rarely ovate-oblong), rounded
at the apex and at the basal angles, crenulate, shallowly cordate at base, gray-
green and pulverulent above, rusty-tomentellous beneath, 2 to 5 em. long,
equally wide; corymbs convex, leafy-bracted at base, 4 to 6 em. in diameter;
phyllaries narrowly oblong, acute, green, often purple-tinged, gray-tomentellous;
corollas purple.
105. Eupatorium loesenerii, Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 336. 1900.
Oaxaca; type from calcareous hills at Las Sedas.
Similar to the preceding, but taller, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; cortex buff to gray;
tomentum on young parts and lower leaf surface very rusty; leaves round-
ovate, entire or obscurely denticulate, broadly rounded at tip, abruptly pointed
to rounded or shallowly cordate at base, ochraceous-tomentellous beneath,
3 to 7 cm. long; petiole 1.5 to 3.5 em. long; corymbs usually 9 to 13 cm. wide;
phyllaries oblong, obtuse, ochraceous, gland-dotted.
106. Eupatorium malacolepis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 618. 1909.
Durango and Tepic; type from San Ramén.
Nearly herbaceous, lignescent only toward the base; stem decumbent, 0.3 to
1.2 meters high, terete, brown, bristling with spreading articulate rusty-brown
hairs; leaves opposite, ovate, acuminate, serrate except toward the obtuse to
rounded base, membranaceous; inflorescence compound, somewhat irregular, the
individual corymbs rather dense, 3 to 5 em. wide; heads about 4 to 4.5 mm.
high; phyllaries oblong, obtuse, green, subscarious, erose, dorsally tomentellous.
107. Eupatorium conspicuum Kunth & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol,
1847: 13. 1847; Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 9: 315. 1848.
Eupatorium grandifolium Regel, Gartenflora 1: 102. pl. 12. 1852.
Kyrstenia grandifolia Greene, Leaflets 1: 9. 1903.
Oaxaca and Morelos; originally described from material cultivated at Berlin
and stated to have come from Mexico. Guatemala.
Seemingly herbaceous or nearly so, but reported to bec ome a shrub about
2 meters in height; branchlets hexagonal; leaves deltoid-ovate, acute to acumi-
nate, serrate (usually rather sharply so) even to the abrupt acumination at the
point of attachment, thin, green on both surfaces, 7 to 12 cm. long and wide;
petiole 5 to 12 cm. long, winged at summit; corymbs terminal and subterminal,
rather loose, often exceeded by the surrounding foliage; heads about 40-flowered,
5 to 7 mm. high; phyllaries lanceolate, acute, green, pubescent; corollas white.
107a. Eupatorium conspicuum var. pueblense Robinson, Contr. Gray
Herb. n. ser. 68: 12. 1923.
Puebla; type from rocky slopes, Boca del Monte.
Stems terete to the inflorescence; leaves with basal acumination entire.
108. Eupatorium oligocephalum DC. Prodr. 5: 166. 1836.
Eupatorium erythrocomum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 31. 1907.
State of Mexico; type recorded merely as from Mexico, where collected by
Haenke; the species apparently rediscovered on steep slopes of Mount Ixtac-
cihuatl by Dr. Purpus. :
Suffrutescent; stems several, branching, curved-ascending, slender and at
most fruticulose, dark purple, finely pubescent; leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate,
acute, serrulate, rounded at base, thickish-membranaceous, green and glabrous
above, dark purple and sparingly pubescent on the nerves beneath, 1 to 3 cm.
1466 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
long, half as wide; petioles 2 to 5 mm. long; corymbs umbelliform, terminal, lax.
mostly 3 to 5-headed; heads 25 to 30-flowered, about 1 em. high; phyllaries oblong,
acute, the outer dark purple, originally described as glabrous, but apparently in
conspecific material thinly villous; pappus roseate.
109. Eupatorium aschenbornianum Schauer, Linnaea 19: 720. 1847.
Eupatorium donnell-smithii Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 95. 1891.
Eupatorium donnell-smithii var. parvifolium Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 96. 1891.
Kyrstenia donnell-smithii Greene, Leaflets 1: 9. 1903.
Veracruz, Puebla, Michoacdn, and Mexico; type from the valley of Toluca.
Central America.
Described as shrubby, but apparently a scarcely lignescent perennial herb, 30
to 60 em. high, copiously spreading-pubescent, the trichomes moniliform with
dark purple nodes; stems terete, with white pith; leaves suborbicular-ovate,
acuminate, serrate, obtuse to rounded or distinctly cordate at base, softly mem-
branaceous, 3 to 8 cm. long, 2.5 to 6.5 em. wide; petiole 1 to 3 cm. long; corymbs
compound, terminal, often 30 em. broad; heads 20 to 40-flowered; phyllaries
linear, subscarious, lacerate-ciliate toward tip; corollas white or nearly so, hispid
near the limb.
Specimens apparently belonging to this species have been confidently referred
by Schultz-Bipontinus (in herb.), Klatt (in herb.), and Hemsley (Biol. Centr.
Amer. Bot. 2: 93. 1881) to the earlier and little known E. ciliatum Less., but the
latter species is shown by its type to have smaller, relatively shorter-petioled
and more incisely toothed leaves with a short but sharp basal acumination. It
is described by Lessing (Linnaea 6: 404. 1831) as herbaceous and as having
glabrous corollas.
110. Eupatorium etlense Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 75: 6. 1925.
Type from Las Sedas, Distrito de Etla, Oaxaca, altitude 1,900 meters.
Slender-branched shrub; stems terete, smooth, grayish buff; branches when
young slightly hexagonal and puberulent, soon glabrate; leaves opposite, slender-
petioled, ovate, obtuse to subacuminate, crenate-serrate, rounded or subcordate
at base, 2.5 to 6 em. long, 2 to 4.3 em. wide, sparingly puberulent above, pubescent
beneath, chartaceo-membranaceous, the closely netted veinlets beautifully trans-
lucent; corymbs terminal, rounded; heads about 23-flowered, 8 mm. high; phyl-
laries in about 3 series, gray-pubescent; corollas white.
111. Eupatorium scorodonioides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 27.
1879.
Eupatorium scorodonioides var. grossedentatum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad.
35: 340. 1900.
Central Mexico from Coahuila to Veracruz and Zacatecas; type from rocky
hills near San Luis Potosi.
A hard-wooded shrub 0.9 to 1.8 meters high, copiously and usually fastigiately
branched, grayish-tomentellous to -tomentose; leaves opposite, deltoid, cordate,
acute or acutish, finely or coarsely crenate-dentate, paler beneath, 3-nerved from
the base, 1.5 to 5 em. long, rarely over 3 cm. wide; petiole mostly less than 1 cm.
long; heads about 1 cm. high, long-pediceled, in fastigiate corymbs; phyllaries
lance-linear to linear, attenuate, herbaceous, gray-pubescent, nearly equaling the
florets; corollas white.
112. Eupatorium petiolare Moc.; DC. Prodr. 5: 166. 1836.
Bustamenta cordata Alamdan; DC. Prodr. 5: 166. 1836.
Widely distributed from Coahuila and Tamaulipas to Oaxaca.
Shrub 0.9 to 1.5 meters high, with terete, thickish, pithy, and brittle stems;
cortex when young tomentellous; leaves opposite, triangular-ovate ta suborbicu-
lar-ovate, acuminate, crenate-dentate, mostly cordate at base, 6 to 10 cm. long and
4 to 7 cm. wide; petiole mostly 2 to 6 em. long; corymbs dense, often lateral as
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1467
well as terminal, little if at all exceeding the surrounding leaves; heads about
1 cm. long; phyllaries linear, attenuate, pale green, pubescent.
Occasionally approaching the preceding species but in most cases readily sep-
arable. ‘‘ Yoyochichil’’ (Seler).
113. Eupatorium pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 152.
1895.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca.
Shrub 2 to 3.6 meters high; stems terete, buff; leaves opposite, petiolate, deltoid-
ovate, acute to acuminate, crenate-dentate except at the subtruncate base,
obscurely pulverulent-puberulent, paler beneath, about 4 to 5 cm. long and 3 to
4 cm. wide; petiole 1 to 1.5 em. long; inflorescence ovoid and dense or forming a
long loose leafy-bracted terminal thyrse; heads 10 to 12 mm. long; phyllaries
linear, acute, brownish purple; corollas white to purple-tinged.
114. Eupatorium chapalense 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 138. 1891.
Jalisco and Durango; type from mountains about Lake Chapala, Jalisco.
Shrub with slender, flexuous, terete, brownish purple branches; leaves opposite,
petiolate, ovate, acute, serrate, scarcely pointed or distinctly acuminate at base,
sparingly puberulent above, woolly along the nerves beneath, 6 to 9 cm. long,
3 to 4 cm. wide; corymbs terminal, fastigiate; heads 10 to 12 mm. long, almost as
broad; phyllaries thin, green or purple-tinged, oblanceolate, acute, pubescent,
nearly equaling the florets; corollas white or nearly so; pappus double, of many
long inner capillary bristles and a few much shorter, slightly flattened and almost
scalelike outer ones.
114a. Eupatorium chapalense var. salicifolium Robinson, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 35: 332. 1900.
Jalisco; type from mountains about Lake Chapala.
Leaves actually and relatively much narrower than in the typical form, lanceo-
late, 5 to 6 em. long, about 1.5 em. wide, pointed at base.
115. Eupatorium tuerckheimii Klatt (as Turckheimii), Leopoldina 20: 95.
1884.
Chiapas. Guatemala and Honduras.
Searcely shrubby, 2 meters high, smooth throughout; leaves opposite, lanceolate
or lance-oblong, caudate-acuminate, cuspidate-denticulate, pinnate-veined, with
thickened margin; heads about 50-flowered, long-pediceled in terminal, rounded-
somewhat umbelliform corymbs; phyllaries well imbricate, lanceolate, acute.
116. Eupatorium ehrenbergii (Schultz Bip.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2: 94. 1881. (Defined by one previously published though not name
bringing synonym.)
Eupatorium ehrenbergii Klatt, Flora 68: 202. 1885.
Hebeclinium macrocephalum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 42. 1840. Not Eupatorium
macrocephalum Less.
Eupatorium benthamii Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 90. 1884.
Kyrstenia benthamt Greene, Leaflets 1: 9. 1903.
Known only from Puente de Dios in South Mexico, where long ago collected
both by Hartweg and by Ehrenberg.
Suffruticose; stem terete; branches canescent-tomentose; leaves opposite,
petiolate, scabrid above, soft-tomentose beneath, serrulate, pinnate-veined;
heads about 50-flowered, 1 em. high, equally broad; corollas purple; phyllaries
lanceolate, acute, subequal, grayish-tomentellous.
117. Eupatorium perornatum Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 90. 1884.
Eupatorium liebmannii Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 96. 1881. (Without
diagnosis or described synonym.)
Hebeclinium liebmannii Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. loc. cit., in synonymy.
1468 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Hebeclinium liebmanniae Hook. f. & Jacks. Ind. Kew. 1: 1097. 1893, by error.
Veracruz; type from Mirador.
Shrub with slender terete flexuous branches, finely tomentellous or incurved-
puberulent; leaves opposite, ovate, slender-petioled, acuminate, sharply serrate,
palmately 3 or 5-nerved from near the base, membranaceous, green and smoothish
on both surfaces; heads 35 to 40-flowered, in compound leafy-bracted panicles;
phyllaries lanceolate to lance-oblong, acute.
DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED SPECIES.
Conoc.Linium (Eupatorium) aLtBuM Mart. Linnaea 24: 194. 1851. Described
from greenhouse material of Mexican origin and said to be a smooth half-shrub
with somewhat deltoid acuminate serrate leaves, 3 to 5-headed corymbs, 24 to
30-flowered heads, and pappus of 13 bristles. The species is wholly obscure and
in any event the name under Eupatorium'is unvailable, owing to the earlier and
still valid homonym.
EUPATORIUM KARVINSKIANUM DC. Prodr. 5: 163. 1836. De Candolle, de-
scribing this species from very fragmentary material, supposed it to be shrubby.
Later specimens secured by Pringle and others seem to show it herbaceous
throughout, and one collected by Galeotti is indicated on his label as an annual.
It is therefore omitted from the foregoing treatment.
EUPATORIUM MICRANTHUM Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 25. 1816. This wholly
obscure plant, to judge from its blue florets, imbricate phyllaries, and the few
other remarks regarding it, was presumably an Ageratum. There seems no satis-
factory ground for applying the name, as did Lessing (Linnaea 5: 138), to a
white or pink-flowered Hupatorium of Section Eximbricata. Lessing’s E. mi-
cranthum must therefore receive the next later designation, namely E. ligustrinum
DC. Prodr. 5: 181. 1836.
EUPATORIUM MICROCEPHALUM A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 384. 1886.
This is inseparable from Ophryosporus ovatifolius (DC.) Benth. & Hook. f.;
Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 79. 1881.
EUPATORIUM MICROPHYLLUM A. Gray; Dur. & Jacks. Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1:
166. 1902. A clerical error for the preceding and therefore referable to Ophryo-
sporus ovatifolius (DC.) Benth. & Hook. f.
EUPATORIUM OLIGOLEPIS (Kunze) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 98.
1881. Conoclinium oligolepis Kunze, Del. Sem. Hort. Lips. 4: 2. 1840. Vaguely
characterized and wholly obscure species, raised from Mexican seed in the
Botanical Garden at Leipzig. Said to have been suffruticose, with erect sulcate
pubescent stem, opposite, petiolate, deltoid-ovate, obsoletely sinuate-dentate,
pubescent leaves, short-pediceled heads in contracted terminal corymb, and
15 to 20 subserial phyllaries.
EUPATORIUM PAPANTLENSE Less. Linnaea 6: 403. 1831. This species incom-
pletely described by (briefly and for the most part negatively stated) comparative
characters is still doubtful. It may have been only a form of the earlier £.
havanense H. B. K., to which in any event it seems to have been closely related.
EUPATORIUM PETRAEUM Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 275. 1905. Trans-
ferred to Ophryosporus as @. petraeus Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 75:
4, 1925.
EUPATORIUM POLYBOTRYUM DC. Prodr. 5: 174. 1836. From described
character and tracing of type, this can not with certainty be separated from
Ophryosporus ovatifolius (DC.) Benth. & Hook. f.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2: 79. 1881.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1469
EUPATORIUM POPOCATEPETLENSE, & binomial cited by Hemsley (Biol. Centr.
Amer. Bot. 2: 99) and by him wrongly accredited to Schlechtendal, was an
herbarium name used by Schultz-Bipontinus and applied by him to plants
which fall into the much earlier #. lucidum Ortega, Hort. Matr. Dec. 35. 1797.
Many specimens have been distributed as E. popocatepetlense by Pringle and
others which belong to the plant here called E. ligustrinum villiferum Robinson.
. EUpaATORIUM SCABRELLUM Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 339. 1900.
Now referred to the genus Ophryosporus, where it becomes O. scabrellus Robinson,
Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 75: 4. 1925.
EvUPATORIUM TULANUM Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 323. 1882. This
is Vernonia liatroides DC. Prodr. 5: 34. 1836.
17. OPHRYOSPORUS Meyen, Reis. Erd. 1: 402. 1834.
(Contributed by Dr. B. L. Robinson.)
REFERENCES: Baker in Mart. Fl. Bras. 62: 186. 1876; Robinson, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 42: 17-27. 1906.
Shrubs or herbs with opposite or (in the Mexican species) chiefly alternate,
petiolate leaves and numerous small, 4 to 12-flowered, homogamous heads
borne in panicles or corymbs; corollas white; anthers without membranaceous
apical appendage though with the connective sometimes slightly thickened and
expanded between the summits of the anther cells; style branches filiform but
perceptibly knobbed at tip.
A chiefly South American genus of about 25 species.
Phyllaries lance-oblong, mostly acutish, about 2-seriate, scarcely imbricate.
Heads about 3 mm. long, 5 to 8-flowered________________-_ 1. O. ovatifolius.
Heads 4.5 to 5 mm. long, about 10-flowered ______________ 2. O. scabrellus.
Phyllaries (except the outermost) elliptic, very obtuse to round-
ed at tip, about 3-seriate, much imbricate ____________-_ 3. O. petraeus.
1. Ophryosporus ovatifolius (DC.) Benth. & Hook. f.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr.
Amer. Bot. 2: 79. 1881.
Nothites ovatifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 187. 1836.
?Eupatorium polybotryum DC. Prodr. 5: 174. 1836.
Eupatorium microcephalum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 384. 1886.
Eupatorium microphyllum A. Gray; Dur. & Jacks. Ind. Kew. Suppl. 1: 166.
1902. Clerical error for EZ. microcephalum.
Typical material of this species, early collected by Haenke in Mexico but with-
out indication of locality, has never been precisely matched except by specimens
collected by Seemann, also without recorded locality. A plant collected by
Brandegee near Culiacdin, Sinaloa, though not quite identical, is probably con-
specific.
Suffruticose, softly grayish-puberulent and beset with sessile, yellowish to
orange-brown, resinous globules; stem slender, terete, flexuous; leaves prevailingly
alternate, short-petioled, ovate, crenate-serrate, acuminate, pinnately nerved
from above the base, firmly membranaceous, 5 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 6 cm. wide;
petiole 7 to 12 mm. long; heads 3 to 3.5 mm. long, 5 to 8-flowered, subracemose at
tips of branches of a leafy-bracted panicle.
2. Ophryosporus scabrellus Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 75: 4, 1925.
Eupatorium scabrellum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 339. 1900.
Chihuahua; known only from the original collection, secured near Batopilas
by Goldman.
Suffruticose, grayish-puberulent and somewhat glandular-atomiferous; leaves
alternate, ovate, acuminate, crenate-serrate, the lower as much as 16 em. long and
13 em. wide, subcordate at base and with petiole 5 cm. in length; heads 4.5 to
5 mm. long, about 10-flowered; phyllaries little imbricate, lance-oblong, distinctly
narrowed to an acutish tip.
1470 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
3. Ophryosporus petraeus Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 75: 4. 1925.
Eupatorium petraewm Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 275. 1905.
Michoacan and perhaps Guerrero.
Shrub 1.5 meters high; stem terete, single, erect, purple-spotted; leaves alter-
nate, broadly ovate, acutish to acuminate, angled as well as irregularly crenate-
dentate, almost palmately nerved from near the base, 9 to 11 cm. long, 8 to 9 em.
wide; panicle pyramidal; heads about 10-flowered; phyllaries (except the outer-
most) elliptic, very obtuse or rounded at apex, well imbricate in about 3 series.
18. MIKANIA Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1742. 1804.
REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, Synopsis of the Mexican and Central
American species of the genus Mikania, Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 10-13. 1896.
Shrubby or herbaceous, scandent; leaves opposite, usually ovate, petioled;
heads panicled, 4-flowered; involucre of 4 equal phyllaries; achene 5-angled;
pappus multisetose, uniseriate.
The names ‘‘guaco,’”’ ‘‘huaco,’”’ and ‘“‘chichicaste” are reported as used in
Mexico for plants of this genus whose specific identity is uncertain.
”?
Heads racemosely or spicately arranged on the branches of ample pyramidal
panicles.
Heads pedicellate; pappus sordid_+___-___________-__- 1. M. houstoniana.
Heads sessile; pappus bright white__--_-_- _-_-_______i2 _ 2. M. pterocaula.
Heads in pyramidal, roundish, or flattish cymose panicles.
Stem and branches densely hirsute or setose-pilose with tawny hairs.
3. M. eriophora.
Stem and branches not setose-pilose.
Involucre more or less densely puberulous; heads 8 to 10 mm. high.
Leaves ovate, entire, strongly 5 or 7-nerved, subcoriaceous.
4. M. tonduzii.
Leaves usually hastate-lobed or toothed, mostly 3-nerved, thin.
Heads pedicellate; phyllaries obtuse______-------_--- 5. M. punctata.
Heads usually sessile; phyllaries acute or acutish____6. M. cordifolia.
Involucre nearly or quite glabrous; heads about 7 mm. high.
7. M. gonzalezii.
1. Mikania houstoniana (L.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42: 47. 1906.
Eupatorium houstonianum L. Sp. Pl. 836. 1753.
Eupatorium houstonis L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1204. 1759.
Eupatorium fruticosum Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Eupatorium no. 6. 1768.
Mikania houstonis Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1742. 1804.
Willoughbya houstonis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 372. 1891.
Veracruz to Panama and southward; type from Veracruz.
Shrubby twiner, essentially glabrous, or the inflorescence puberulous; leaf blades
ovate, 5 to 13 cm. long, acuminate, rounded at base, entire, firm; heads very
numerous, about 5 mm. high; involucre 3 mm. long. ‘‘Palo guaco”’ (Urbina).
2. Mikania pterocaula Schultz Bip. (Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 103.
1881, nomen nudum); Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 91. 1884.
Known only from the type locality, Mirador, Veracruz.
Glabrous twiner; branchlets 6-winged; leaves ovate, acuminate, dentate, thin;
heads very small.
38. Mikania eriophora Schultz Bip. (Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 103.
1881, nomen nudum); Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 12. 1896.
Willoughbya eriophora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 372. 1891, nomen nudum.
Known only from the type locality, Mirador, Veracruz.
Shrubby (?) twiner, densely tawny-hirsute-tomentose, the jifiGuascente woolly;
leaf blades ovate, 7.5 to 10 cm. long, 5 em. wide, acuminate, cordate, tomentose
beneath; heads in large pyramidal panicles.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1471
3a. Mikania eriophora chiapensis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 341.
1900.
Chiapas.
Plant setose-pilose with straight hairs, not woolly; leaves large, the blades up
to 22 by 17 cm.
4. Mikania tonduzii Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 256. 1904.
Veracruz. Costa Rica; type from Tucurrique.
Suffrutescent twiner, sordidly glandular-puberulous, glabrate; leaf blades
ovate, 5.5 to 14 cm. long, 4 to 9 cm. wide, acuminate, lucid and impressed-
veined above; heads densely glomerate on the branches of the rather short
inflorescence; involucre sordidly tomentulous; achene much shorter than corolla.
5. Mikania punctata Klatt, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 311: 195. 1892.
Chiapas. Costa Rica; type from El General.
Suffrutescent (?) twiner, pilose with many-celled hairs, glabrate; leaf blades
suborbicular to broadly deltoid-ovate, 4 to 9 em. long and wide, subentire or
hastate-lobed above base with spreading lobes, dotted with dark glands beneath;
heads 9 to 10 mm. high, in ample pyramidal panicles.
6. Mikania cordifolia (L. f.) Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1746. 1804.
Cacalia cordifolia L. f. Suppl. Pl. 351. 1781.
Mikania suaveolens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 135. 1820.
Mikania gonoclada DC. Prodr. 5: 199. 1836.
Tepic and San Luis Potosi to Guerrero and Veracruz. Louisiana; Guatemala
to South America; type from “ America meridionali”’ (i. e., Colombia).
Suffrutescent twiner, the 6-angled stems sordid-puberulous; leaf blades ovate,
thin, deeply cordate, usually hastate or dentate, more or less densely pubescent;
heads subsessile or pedicellate; involucre densely puberulous, 6 to 7 mm. high,
with acute or acutish phyllaries. ‘‘Toxichee cimarrén’”’ (San Luis Potosi,
Seler).
7. Mikania gonzalezii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 29:
107. 1899.
Veracruz; type from Colonia Melchor Ocampo.
~ Suffrutescent (?), smoothish; leaf blades ovate, thin, glabrous, 4 to 12 cm.
long, 3 to 10 cm. wide; heads open-paniculate; phyllaries obtusish or barely
acute, essentially glabrous except at tip.
19. CARPHOCHAETE A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 65. 1849.
- Suffrutescent, with narrow sessile opposite entire punctate leaves; heads
panicled or rarely solitary, pedunculate or rarely sessile, narrowly cylindric, 2 to
3 em. long, few-flowered; involucre of few narrow unequal subherbaceous phyl-
laries; achenes linear, 8 to 10-ribbed; pappus of 4 to 14 linear-attenuate, narrowly
scarious-margined awns. ;
The genus contains only the four following species.
Leaves narrowly linear, 1 to 3 mm. wide, attenuate; pappus awns 4 or 5; phyl-
HAMmiescall A bben ua Gee = — ise ee ey Se Sn eee eee 1. C. wislizeni.
Leaves linear-elliptic or narrowly elliptic to linear, obtuse; pappus awns 7 to 14;
phyllaries obtuse and mucronate to acute, or the inner acuminate.
Phyllaries mucronate from an obtuse or rounded apex, densely arachnoid-
ciliate/at: tips. Ss 22s Sa ee ee ee ere ee 2. C. grahami.
Phyllaries acute to acuminate, not densely arachnoid-ciliate at tip.
Phyllaries glandular-punctate but not stipitate-glandular; leaves linear-
elliptic to elliptic-spatulate= = 2-22 "25 ee 3. C. bigelovii.
Phyllaries densely stipitate-glandular; leaves linear______- 4. C. schaffneri.
57020—26——_11
1472 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
1. Carphochaete wislizeni A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 65. 1849.
Chihuahua to Durango; type from Cosihuiriachi, Chihuahua.
Suffrutescent, much branched at base, 20 to 35 cm. high, resiniferous-glandular;
leaves linear, 3 to 6 em. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide; heads flattish-panicled or rarely
solitary, 2 to 2.5 em. high, purple; achenes about 7 mm. long, exceeded by the
pappus.
2. Carphochaete grahami A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 89. 1852.
Jalisco to Mexico; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Suffrutescent, many-stemmed, branched above, about 40 cm. high; leaves
elliptic to elliptic-spatulate, about 2.5 em. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, the upper
alternate and smaller; panicle open; involucre strongly graduated, the outer
phyllaries obtuse or rounded, mucronate, the inner acute.
3. Carphochaete bigelovii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 89. 1852.
Chihuahua. New Mexico and Arizona; type from the boundary between
New Mexico and Mexico.
Suffrutescent, branching, 30 to 50 em. high; leaves linear-elliptic to spatulate-
elliptic, 1.5 to 3 em. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, with fascicles of smaller ones in the
axils; heads chiefly sessile, 2.5 to 3 cm. high, the flowers purplish-tinged; phyl-
laries narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, densely glandular-
punctate and sparsely puberulous.
4. Carphochaete schaffneri Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 34. 1904.
San Luis Potosi; type from Valley of San Luis Potosi.
Suffrutescent, slender, branched, 20 to 35 cm. high; leaves linear, 2 to 5 cm.
long, 2 to 3 mm. wide; heads pedunculate, the flowers purplish; phyllaries as in
the last, but densely stipitate-glandular.
20. COLEOSANTHUS Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817: 67. 1817.
REFERENCE; Robinson, A monograph of the genus Brickellia, Mem. Gray
Herb. 1: 1-151. 1917.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves opposite or alternate; heads usually panicled, small to
large, white to purple, rarely ochroleucous; involucre cylindric or campanulate,
the phyllaries usually multiseriate, dry, striate, the outermost rarely herbaceous;
achenes prismatic, 10-ribbed (very rarely 5 to 8 or 20-ribbed) ; pappus of numerous
smooth or barbellate, rarely subplumose setae.
The name ‘‘hierba del carbonero”’ is reported for some undetermined species
of the genus.
Pedicels gemmiparous; heads 4 to 20-flowered.
Leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate; heads 4 to 12-flowered.
Leaves entire; heads 6 to 12-flowered__---.---------- 1. C. squamulosus,
Leaves spinulose-serrate; heads 4 or 5-flowered.____----- 2. C. spinulosus.
Leaves ovate; heads about 20-flowered__._____----------- 3. C. vernicosus.
Pedicels not gemmiparous; heads 8 to 100-flowered.
Heads large, 28 to 62-flowered.
Pedicels stipitate-glandular.
Leaves sessile or subsessile; outer phyllaries sometimes dentate.
42. C. argutus.
Leaves petiolate; phyllaries not dentate.
Petioles 3 to 4 mm. long.
Phyllaries all-acute or acutish=s-2----e eee) ee 43. C. brandegei.
Middle and inner phyllaries very obtuse___~-- 44. C. macromérus.
Petioles usually 1 to 2.5 em. long.
Leaves griseous-tomentose beneath, crenate __.45. C. peninsularis.
Leaves merely PuperuIoUe and green beneath, entire or repand.
46. C. rhomboideus
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1473
Pedicels without stipitate glands.__._......______2_u.__- 47. C. lanatus,
Heads small or medium, 8 to 26-flowered (rarely to 62-flowered in forms of
C. veronicaefolius) .
Leaves sessile or very short-petioled.
Leaves spatulate, 3:to 12 mm. long-2. 2222-22 222200. 4. C. frutescens.
Leaves not spatulate, usually larger.
Leaves 1 to 2 cm. long, suborbicular-ovate; outer phyllaries more or
Jess squarrose-tippedsts. ais. 2 eGiecs oo 5. C. microphyllus.
Leaves larger, not suborbicular.
Leaves lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, not cuspidate, not cordate
at base.
Heads about 10-flowered.
Phyllaries numerous (about 40); achenes about 5 mm. long.
6. C. cylindraceus.
Phyllaries few (about 15); achenes about 3 mm. long.
7. C. lemmoni.
Heads 14 to 24-flowered.
Heads (at least in part) slender-pediceled.
Leaves crenate or crenate-serrate.
Outer phyllaries suborbicular, rounded or retuse and
abruptly; mucronate: weasel os 8. C. venosus.
Outer phyllaries ovate or ovate-oblong, usually acute or
ACUIMINATe Ieee, A adsease Tey). 9. C. oliganthes.
ibeaves entire: Ste ae. 2 Ne ses 10. C. reticulatus.
Heads sessile or subsessile.
Phyllaries thin, colored, with very acuminate tips.
11. C. verbenaceus.
Phylaries thick, usually stramineous, with obtuse tips.
12. C. pringlei.
Leaves ovate or oval-ovate, cordate at base, strongly cuspidate.
13. C. cuspidatus.
Leaves distinctly petioled, the petiole at least one-fifth as long as the
blade.
Leaves more or less hastately toothed or lobed.
Leaves lance-oblong or lanceolate, rounded at apex.._14. C. hastatus.
Leaves deltoid-ovate, acuminate, or rarely obtuse but then not lance-
oblong.
Outer phyllaries ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate.
Leaves 1.5 to 2.5 (rarely 6.5) em. long, thickish; petioles 8 to 15 mm.
IT eae Se ee ee ae aes eee ee 15. C. coulteri.
Leaves 4.5 to 7 cm. long, thin; petioles 1.2 to 4 em. long.
16. C. megalodontus.
Outer phyllaries ovate-oblong or suborbicular, obtuse or rounded.
Phyllaries scarious-margined, mucronulate.
Grayish-pubescent; leaves membranaceous, acutely acuminate.
17. C. brachiatus.
Glabrous; leaves thick, often obtuse________- 18. C. glabratus.
Phyllaries scarcely scarious-margined, not mucronulate.
19. C. cymuliferus.
Leaves not at all hastate.
Leaves broadly ovate to suborbicular or reniform, mostly 0.8 to 2
(rarely 6) cm. long; heads smaller, often glomerate.
Involucre 5 to 9 mm. high.
Outer plylJaries shortly caudate; leaves very small, fiabeliate-
THOM OU GLE Be Fae eee aN she 20. C. glutinosus.
1474 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Outer phyllaries not caudate; leaves otherwise.
Leaves mostly rhombic-ovate, coarsely toothed.
21. C. laciniatus.
Leaves ovate to suborbicular, crenate-serrate.
Heads 8 to 18-flowered, 3 to 5 mm. thick; leaves ovate, on
petioles usually about 1 em. long___22. C. californicus.
Heads 18 to 62-flowered, 6 to 11 mm. thick; leaves suborbicular
or reniform, short-petioled______ 23. C. veronicaefolius.
Involucre. 12 to 14 mm. bigh= sei Sloculy. 2b 4. 16e ee 24. C. palmeri.
Leaves narrower, ovate to oblong or elliptic, 2 to 15 em. long.
Phyllaries slightly graduate, the outermost subherbaceous or foliace-
ous, from half as long as the inner to longer.
Leaves softly tomentose beneath___________ _.40. C. pacayensis.
Leaves puberulous to nearly glabrous beneath.
41. C. fioribundus.
Phyllaries strongly graduate, the outermost very short.
Achenes 3 to 3.7 mm. long.
Leaves elliptic-ovate to rhombic-ovate.
Heads subsessile, glomerate____-________- 25. C. glomeratus.
Heads mostly pedicellate.
Inflorescence dichotomous; phyllaries obtuse.
26. C. hebecarpus.
Inflorescence paniculate, elongate; phyllaries acute.
27. C. nelsonii.
Leaves suborbicular-ovate to deltoid-ovate.
Leaves suborbicular-ovate; outer phyllaries with subsquarrose
11 2: Ae ere ee epee ama ecu Ped Stes 28. C. paniculatus.
Leaves deltoid-ovate; outer phyllaries not subsquarrose-tipped.
Inner phyllaries acute_-.-_____----_- 29. C. secundiflorus.
Inner phyllaries obtuse! iui. 262 2 eee 30. C. parryi.
Achenes 4 to 5.5 mm. long.
Middle and usually also the inner phyllaries obtuse, sometimes
mucronate.
Leaves coriaceous or thickish.
Leaves deltoid-ovate.
Outermost phyllaries ovate-lanceolate, acutish.
30. C. parryi.
Outermost phyllaries broadly oval, rounded.
31. C. tomentellus,
Leaves lanceolate_______- 2 eps ons eB 32. C. lancifolius.
Leaves thin, membranaceous__________- 33. C. orizabaensis.
Middle and inner phyllaries acute or acuminate.
Leaves oblong-ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Pedicels densely
elandularce22. 2 eee eee eee 34. C. pendulus.
Leaves ovate to suborbicular-ovate.
Leaves ovate, chartaceous.
Heads secund-racemose____-______-_- 35. C. seemannii.
Meads sthiyrsO1dees ues =) eee eames 36. C. saltillensis.
Leaves deltoid-ovate to suborbicular-ovate, never char-
taceous.
Inflorescence loose, the cymes strongly nodding.
37. ©. squarrosus.
Inflorescence rather dense, the cymes erect or slightly
nodding.
Leaves membranaceous_-__----_------ 38. C. botterii.
Leaves subcoriaceous or firm____.39. C. adenocarpus.
—
al el
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1475
1. Coleosanthus squamulosus (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Brickellia squamulosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 30. 1879.
Chihuahua to Guanajuato; type from City of San Luis Potosi. New Mexico
and Arizona.
Shrub 50 cm. high; stem leaves sessile, parallel-veined, 3 to 7 em. long, 1 to
1.5 mm. wide, mostly absent in flowering specimens; panicle dense, narrow,
elongate; many of the pedicels bearing small cypress-like bulblets; heads about.
12 mm. high. e
2. Coleosanthus spinulosus (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Clavigera spinulosa A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 63. 1849.
Brickellia spinulosa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 84. 1852.
Chihuahua to Zacatecas and San Luis Potosf; type collected near Chihuahua
City.
Similar to C. squamulosus; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, spinulose-serrate,
petiolate, glabrous, 1 to 1.7 cm. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide.
2a. Coleosanthus spinulosus asperatus (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia squamulosa asperata Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 35. 1917.
Known only from vicinity of City of Chihuahua. ;
Leaves papillose-asperate.
3. Coleosanthus vernicosus (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia vernicosa Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 487. 1901.
Durango; type from Santiago Papasquiaro.
Shrub 50 cm. high, resinous-puberulous; leaves short-petioled, the blades
ovate or oval-ovate to (on the branches) narrowly lanceolate, 1 to 1.7 cm. long,
4 to 12 mm. wide, serrate, short-petioled; heads racemed on the branches, 13 to
16 mm. high. (Description compiled.) ‘‘ Barba de chivo.”’
4. Coleosanthus frutescens (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Brickellia frutescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 207. 1882.
Baja California; type from Tantillas Canyon. Nevada and California.
Low much-branched shrub, griseous-tomentellous; leaves alternate, the blades
spatulate, 3 to 12 mm. long, 1.5 to 4 mm. wide, l-nerved, entire or sparsely
denticulate; heads pedunculate, loosely panicled, 14 mm. high, about 26-flowered.
5. Coleosanthus microphyllus (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Bulbostylis microphylla Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 286. 1840.
Brickellia microphylla A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 85. 1852.
Brickellia cedrosensis Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 86. 1883.
Coleosanthus cedrosensis Greene, Erythea 1: 54. 1893.
Brickellia grayana Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 28: 583. 1901.
Cedros Island, Baja California. Oregon to California; type from Blue
Mountains, Oregon.
Shrubby, viscid-pubescent, about 50 cm. high; leaves alternate, the blades
thick, toothed, those of the branchlets reduced; heads mostly terminating short
branchlets, 10 to 12 mm. high, about 22-flowered; at least the outer phyllaries
with short herbaceous spreading tips.
6. Coleosanthus cylindraceus (Gray & Engelm.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:
328. 1891.
Brickellia cylindracea Gray & Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 1: 46. 1847.
Coahuila. Texas; type from Guadalupe River, near New Braunfels.
Shrubby at base, 0.2 to 1.2 meters high, griseous-puberulous; leaves chiefly
opposite, the blades 2 to 6 cm. long, 1.2 to 3 cm. wide, crenate-serrate; heads
racemose or thyrsoid-panicled, slender-pediceled, about 12 mm. high, about
10-flowered.
1476 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
7. Coleosanthus lemmoni (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Brickellia lemmoni A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 206. 1882.
Chihuahua. Southern Arizona; type from Chiricahua Mountains.
Suffrutescent below, about 50 em. high, griseous-puberulous; leaf blades
elliptic to lance-oblong, 2 to 4.5 cm. long, 1 to 1.4 em. wide, crenate-serrate,
griseous-puberulous; heads racemose or spicate, at length conical-paniculate,
slender-pediceled, 11 to 14 mm. high, about 10-flowered.
7a. Coleosamthus lemmoni wootoni (Greene) Blake.
Coleosanthus wootonit Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 24: 511. 1897.
Coleosanthus densus Greene, Pittonia 4: 126. 1900.
Brickellia lemmoni wootoni Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 50. 1917.
Chihuahua. New Mexico; type from Organ Mountains.
Heads mostly subsessile, thyrsoid-panicled.
8. Coleosanthus venosus Woot. & Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16: 177.
1913.
Brickellia venosa Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 50. 1917.
Sonora and Chihuahua. New Mexico and Arizona; type from Mangas
Springs, New Mexico.
Frutescent at base, griseous-puberulous, about 70 cm. high; leaf blades nar-
rowly elliptic or linear-elliptic, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. long, 2 to 9 mm. wide, crenate or
subentire, obtuse; heads 1 cm. high, about 24-flowered, on slender pedicels
mostly twice as long, forming a narrow loose panicle.
9. Coleosanthus oliganthes (Less.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891, as
C. oliganthus.
Eupatorium oliganthes Less. Linnaea 5: 137. 1830.
Bulbostylis oliganthes DC. Prodr. 5: 139. 1836.
Brickellia oliganthes A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 84. 1852.
Coleosanthus polyanthemus Greene, Pittonia 4: 126. 1900.
Nuevo Leén to Veracruz; type from Hacienda de La Laguna, Veracruz.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent, about 60 em. high, griseous-puberulous; leaf blades
oblong to oval, 2.5 to 5.5 em. long, 1 to 2 em. wide, crenate-serrulate, coriaceous;
heads about 12 mm. high, slender-pediceled or subsessile, in a narrow, often
spiciform panicle.
10. Coleosanthus reticulatus (DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Bulbostylis reticulata DC. Prodr. 7: 268. 1838.
Brickellia reticulata A. Gray, Pl. Wright 1: 84. 1852.
Mexico; exact locality not known.
Suffrutescent, griseous-puberulous; leaves oblong, entire, coriaceous; heads
pedicellate, about 20-flowered. (Description compiled.)
11. Coleosanthus verbenaceus Greene, Pittonia 4: 125. 1900.
Brickellia verbenacea Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 53. 1917.
San Luis Potosi to Morelos and Jalisgo; type from San Luis Potosi.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous, up to 1.2 meters high, scabriusculous; leaf blades
oblong-elliptic to ovate-oblong, 3 to 6 em. long, 1 to 2.8 em. wide, serrate, very
strongly reticulate beneath, coriaceous; heads chiefly sessile in a spikelike panicle,
about 14-flowered; phyllaries firm but thin.
12. Coleosanthus pringlei (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Brickellia pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 206. 1882.
Sonora and Tepic. Southern Arizona; type from Santa Catalina Mountains.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous, scabrous-puberulous; leaf blades oblong or lance-
oblong, 2 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, serrate, coriaceous, griseous-tomentellous
or scabriusculous beneath; heads sessile or nearly so in the upper axils, sometimes
glomerate, 16 to 18 mm. high, 19 to 24-flowered.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1477
13. Coleosanthus cuspidatus (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea 1: 54. 1893.
Brickellia cuspidata A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 421. 1887.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Fruticose or suffrutescent, 40 to 70 em. high, puberulous; leaf blades broadly
ovate, 1 to 3 em. long, 7 to 20 mm. wide, serrate, coriaceous, nearly glabrous;
heads loosely panicled, 12 mm. high, about 11-flowered.
14. Coleosanthus hastatus (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Brickellia hastata Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 21. 1844.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Fruticose, minutely puberulous; leaf blades 3.5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 6 cm. wide,
hastate-lobed at base, obtuse, thinnish, obscurely puberulous beneath; heads in
small terminal panicles, about 11 mm. high, 12 or 13-flowered; phyllaries obtuse
or obtusish.
15. Coleosanthus coulteri (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Brickellia coulteri A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 86. 1852.
Sonora to Puebla, Colima, and Baja California. Arizona; type from Arizona
(probably).
Frutescent, up to 90 cm. high, the younger parts puberulous and often glandu-
lar; leaf blades triangular or rhombic-ovate, 1.5 to 2.5 (rarely 6.5) em. long, 1 to 2
(rarely 5) em. wide, thickish, more or less puberulous; heads slender-pediceled,
loosely panicled, 9 to 12 mm. high, about 17-flowered; phyllaries mostly acute to
acuminate.
16. Coleosanthus megalodontus (Greenm.) Arthur, Torreya 21: 12. 1921.
Brickellia megalodonta Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 34. 1904.
Jalisco and Puebla; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Herbaceous or (?) suffrutescent, pilosulous or pubescent; leaf blades triangular-
ovate, 4.5 to 7 em. long, 3 to 5 em. wide, thin, coarsely hastate-toothed; heads as
in C. coulteri.
17. Coleosanthus brachiatus (A. Gray) Blake.
Brickellia brachiata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 385. 1886.
Chihuahua; type from southwestern Chihuahua.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent, griseous-puberulous; leaf blades triangular-ovate,
3 to 4.5 em. long; petioles 1 to 1.3 cm. long; heads loosely panicled, 12 to 15 mm.
high, about 16-flowered.
17a. Coleosanthus brachiatus adenopodus (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia brachiata adenopoda Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 63. 1917.
Sinaloa; type from San Blas.
Plant puberulous with gland-tipped hairs.
18. Coleosanthus glabratus (Rose) Blake.
Brickellia brachiata glabrata Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 132. 1892.
Brickellia glabrata Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 63. 1917.
Baja California; type from Carmen Island.
Shrubby, glabrous; leaf blades triangular-ovate, 0.8 to 2.5 em. long, 0.3 to
2.2 em. wide, acutish to obtuse; petioles 3 to 7 mm. long.
19. Coleosanthus cymuliferus (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia cymulifera Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 538. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi.
Subherbaceous, 30 to 40 cm. high, crisply puberulous; leaf blades hastate-
deltoid, 3 to 5.4 em. long, 2.5 to 3.8 cm. wide, caudate-acuminate, coarsely
toothed, puberulous; petioles 1 to 4 em. long; heads in slender, loosely 3 to 5-
headed, axillary cymes, about 12-flowered. (Description compiled.)
1478 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
20. Coleosanthus glutinosus (A. Gray) Blake.
Brickellia glutinosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 385. 1886.
Known only from the type locality, near Jimulco, Coahuila.
Fruticose, glutinous-scabridulous, about 25 cm. high; leaf blades 5 to 8 mm.
long and wide, dentate-lobate, punctate, coriaceous; heads about 26-flowered,
terminating branchlets; phyllaries thick, stramineous, acute, the outer with
short caudate tips.
21. Coleosanthus laciniatus (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Brickellia laciniata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 87. 1852.
Chihuahua to Nuevo Leén and Zacatecas. Texas and New Mexico; type
collected 40 miles east of El Paso, Texas.
White-barked, hispidulous-puberulous, up to 1.2 meters high; leaves alternate,
the blades broadly ovate to rhombic-ovate, 6 to 15 mm. long and wide, coarsely
and bluntly toothed, coriaceous; heads 9 to 12 mm. high, about 9-flowered, in
long narrow leafy inflorescences; phyllaries thinnish, obtuse, scarious-margined.
22. Coleosanthus californicus (Torr. & Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:
328. 1891.
Bulbostylis californica Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 79. 1841.
Brickellia californica A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 64. 1849.
Brickellia wrightiit A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 72. 1853.
Coleosanthus melissaefolius Greene, Leaflets 1: 150. 1905.
Chihuahua, Sonora, and northern Baja California. Colorado to California
and Texas; type from California.
Fruticose, up to 1 meter high, griseous-puberulous; leaves alternate, the
blades deltoid-ovate, 1 to 5 em. long and broad, subtruncate or cordate at base,
thickish; petioles 4 to 20 mm. long; heads racemosely or spicately arranged.
22a. Coleosanthus californicus tener (A. Gray) Blake.
Brickellia tenera A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 72. 1853.
Brickellia wrightii tenera A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 106. 1884.
Coleosanthus tener Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Coleosanthus axillaris Greene, Leaflets 1: 149. 1905.
Brickellia californica tenera Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 70. 1917.
Sonora; type from Santa Cruz. Utah to Arizona and New Mexico.
Similar; leaves mostly 3.5 to 4.5 em. long, ovate, thin, abruptly narrowed or
rounded at base; heads usually glomerate in the axils.
22b. Coleosanthus californicus lobulatus (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia californica lobulata Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 71. f. 48, 6. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, near Parras, Coahuila.
Leaves thin, about 4 em. long and wide, deltoid-ovate, broadly cordate,
coarsely crenate-lobulate.
23. Coleosanthus veronicaefolius (H. B. K.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:
328. 1891, as C. veronicifolius.
Eupatorium veronicaefolium H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 4: 112. pl. 341. 1820.
Bulbostylis veronicaefolia DC. Prodr. 5: 139. 1836.
Brickellia galeottti A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 85. 1852.
Coleosanthus galeottii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Coahuila to Oaxaca; type from State of Mexico, near Guadalupe.
Shrubby, about 80 cm. high, griseous-puberulous or hispidulous; leaves oppo-
ee the blades 4 to 16 mm. long, 7 to 25 mm. wide, crenate, thick, griseous-
puberulous; petioles 3 to 6 mm. long; heads 12 to 17 mm. high, 18 to 25-flowered,
panicled or subspicate; outer phyllaries tomentose at tip, obtise. ‘‘ Gober-
nadora,”’ ‘‘gobernadora de Puebla’? (Hidalgo); ‘‘mejorana’’ (Zacatecas) ;
“‘pneistén,’’ (Urbina); ‘“pexto,’ ‘“‘pextén”’ (Ramirez); ‘“pestén,”’ ‘‘orégano del
cerro’’ (Durango); ‘“‘orégano del monte,” ‘‘orégano del campo.”’
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1479
A decoction of the plant is employed locally as a remedy for dyspepsia and
other affections of the stomach, as a stimulant, and also in the form of fomen-
tations as a remedy for rheumatism.
23a. Coleosanthus veronicaefolius senilis (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia veronicaefolia senilis Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 72. 1917.
Puebla; type from hills above Chalchicomula.
Leaves densely griseous-tomentulose.
23b. Coleosanthus veronicaefolius petrophilus (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia petrophila Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 486. 1901.
Brickellia veronicaefolia petrophila Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 72. 1917.
Sonora to Puebla and Guanajuato; type from City of Chihuahua.
Similar to C. veronicaefolius; pubescence of longer looser septate hairs, mixed
with glands; heads 25 to 35-flowered.
23c. Coleosanthus veronicaefolius umbratilis (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia petrophila umbratilis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 86: 487. 1901.
Brickellia veronicaefolia umbratilis Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 73. 1917.
Coahuila and Durango; type from Parras, Coahuila.
Similar to the last; heads larger, usually 40 to 60-flowered; inflorescence loose,
the heads pedicellate.
24. Coleosanthus palmeri (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Brickellia palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 30. 1879.
San Luis Potosi.
Suffruticose, 50 em. high, densely glandular-puberulous, scabridulous; leaves
alternate, the blades ovate, 1.8 to 3.3 cm. long, 1.2 to 3 em. wide, coriaceous,
serrate, reticulate; petioles 3 to 6 mm. long; heads about 19-flowered, slender-
pediceled, loosely racemose-paniculate; phylilaries acuminate, stipitate-glandular.
24a. Coleosanthus palmeri amphothrix (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia palmeri amphothrix Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 74. f. 51, 8. 1917.
Coahuila or Nuevo Leén to Zacatecas and Aguascalientes; type from Zacatecas.
Leaves often triangular-ovate, larger; stem and under leaf surface tomentulose
or hispidulous as well as glandular.
25. Coleosanthus glomeratus (Fernald) Blake.
Brickellia glomerata Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 504. 1901.
Guerrero and Morelos to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Frutescent, 1 meter high, scabrous-hispidulous; leaf blades oblong-ovate to
ovate, 2 to 6.5 em. long, 1.5 to 4 em. wide, thick, finely reticulate-venose, crenate-
serrate, griseous-puberulous and glandular; heads 12 mm. high, about 11-flowered;
phyllaries arachnoid-ciliate, strongly graduated. ;
26. Coleosanthus hebecarpus (DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Bulbostylis hebecarpa DC. Prodr. 5: 138. 1836.
Brickellia hebecarpa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 85. 1852.
Brickellia colimae Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 333. 1895.
Tepic to Jalisco and Morelos.
Suffruticose, puberulous; leaf blades ovate, 2 to 3 em. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide,
coriaceous, crenate-serrate, reticulate, griseous-tomentellous; heads pedicellate,
loosely and dichotomously arranged, the pedicels glandular-puberulous.
27. Coleosanthus nelsonii (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia nelsonii Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 79. f. 56. 1917.
Nuevo Leén and Tamaulipas; type from Jaumave, Tamaulipas.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent below, about 1 meter high, loosely griseous-pubes-
cent; leaf blades ovate or rhombic-ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long, 1.5 to 4 em. wide,
crenate, rather thin, griseous-pilosulous and gland-dotted; heads mostly pedicel-
late, in a leafy panicle, about 11-flowered.
1480 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
28. Coleosanthus paniculatus (Mill.) Standl. in Standl. & Calderén, Lista
Pl. Salv. 219. 1925.
Eupatorium paniculatum Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. EHupatorium no. 15. 1768.
Eupatorium rigidum Benth. Pl. Hartw. 88. 1841. Not E. rigidum Swartz, 1788.
Brickellia hartwegi A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 85. 1852.
Coleosanthus rigidus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Brickellia paniculata Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 42: 48. 1906.
Tepic and Jalisco to Veracruz, south to Costa Rica; type from Veracruz.
Frutescent, 2 meters high, griseous-tomentulose; leaf blades 2.8 to 7.5 cm. long
and broad, thick, crenate-serrate, densely canescent-tomentulose beneath; heads
10 to 12 mm. high, pedicellate, in a broad panicle, about 18-flowered; pedicels
stipitate-glandular.
29. Coleosanthus secundiflorus (Lag.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Eupatorium secundiflorum Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 25. 1816.
Bulbostylis secundiflora DC. Prodr. 5: 138. 1836.
Bulbostylis scorodoniaefolia Kunth, ‘Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1846: 12. 1847;”
Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Bot. 7: 187. 1847.
Brickellia secundiflora A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 85. 1852.
Tamaulipas to Oaxaca.
Fruticose, densely stipitate-glandular, griseous-tomentellous; leaf blades 3 to
7 cm. long, 2 to 5 em. wide, acute, reticulate, griseous-tomentellous beneath;
heads 11 to 16 mm. high, about 20-flowered, in a leafy thyrsoid panicle; phyllaries
all acute or acuminate, usually stipitate-glandular.
29a. Coleosanthus secundiflorus nepetaefolius (H. B. K.) Blake.
Eupatorium nepetaefolium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 112. 1820.
Bulbostylis ? nepetaefolia DC. Prodr. 5: 139. 1836.
Brickellia secundiflora nepetaefolia Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 82. 1917.
Jalisco to Zacatecas and Guanajuato; type from Santa Rosa Mountains,
Guanajuato.
Similar, but the pubescence denser, the glands lacking or obscure.
30. Coleosanthus parryi (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Brickellia parryi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 31. 1879.
San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas; type from east of City of San Luis Potosi.
Suffrutescent or fruticose, similar to C. secundiflorus nepetaefolius; heads
smaller, 10 to 14 mm. high, 20 to 25-flowered; phyllaries obtuse.
30a. Coleosanthus parryi micaceus (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia parryi micacea Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 83. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, near Alvarez, San Luis Potosi.
Leaves beneath merely puberulous on the veins, densely dotted with shining
glands.
31. Coleosanthus tomentellus (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Brickellia tomentella A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 85. 1852.
Puebla and State of Mexico to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite
locality.
Suffrutescent (?), 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, softly gray-tomentellous or tomentose;
leaf blades 4 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 5 em. wide, crenate, grayish green above, densely
griseous-tomentose beneath; heads 21 to 32-flowered; outer phyllaries tomentose.
32. Coleosanthus lancifolius (Robins. & Greenm.) Blake.
Brickellia lancifolia Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 153. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca.
Fruticose, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, sordid-tomentellous; leaf blades 4.5 to 7
cm. long, 1.4 to 2.5 em. wide, acuminate, subentire, tomentulose beneath; heads
thyrsoid-panicled, mostly nodding, 17 to 20 mm. high, 10 to 12-flowered; phyl-
laries purplish, glabrous except for the tips of the outermost.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1481
33. Coleosanthus orizabaensis (Klatt) Blake.
Brickellia orizabaensis Klatt, Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. Wien 9: 358. 1894.
Veracruz, Guerrero, and Oaxaca; type from Orizaba, Veracruz.
Herbaceous, or lignescent at base, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high, sordid-puberulous;
leaf blades ovate, 4 to 7 cm. long, 2.5 to 5.3 em. wide, crenate-serrate, puberulous
chiefly on the veins beneath; heads panicled, nodding, 13 mm. high, about 14-
flowered; phyllaries thin, greenish, obtuse, ciliate and sparsely villous.
34. Coleosanthus pendulus (Schrad.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Eupatorium pendulum Schrad. ‘‘Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1830”; Linnaea 6:
Litt. Ber. 72. 1831.
Bulbostylis pendula DC. Prodr. 5: 138. 1836.
Brickellia pendula A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 85. 1852.
Morelos and Mexico to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Fruticose, 2 to 3 meters high, griseous-tomentellous and glandular or scabrid;
leaf blades 2.5 to 8 cm. long, thin, crenate-serrate to subentire, reticulate, thinly
pilosulous to tomentulose beneath; heads 1.4 to 2 em. high, about 12-flowered,
thyrsoid-paniculate, more or less secund, pedicellate; phyllaries stipitate-
glandular, appressed or the outermost with slightly loose tips.
34a. Coleosanthus pendulus squarrosus (Robins. & Seat.) Blake.
Brickellia squarrosa Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 108. 1893.
Brickellia pendula squarrosa Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 87. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, near Pitzcuaro, Michoacan.
Similar; middle and outer phyllaries with subherbaceous squarrose tips.
35. Coleosanthus seemannii (A. Gray) Blake.
Brickellia seemannii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 30. 1879.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico.
Herbaceous or perhaps lignescent at base, scabrid-puberulous; leaf blades
3 to 4.5 em. long, crenate-serrate, reticulate beneath; heads in a short secund
raceme, nodding, 18 mm. high, about 15-flowered; phyllaries stramineous, very
acute, aristate-mucronate. (Description compiled.)
36. Coleosanthus saltillensis (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia saltillensis Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 37. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, near Saltillo, Coahuila.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent (?) at base, scabrid-pubescent; leaf blades 3.5
to 6 em. long, reticulate beneath and scabrid-puberulous chiefly along the veins;
heads thyrsoid-panicled, few, nodding, 16 mm. high, 14 to 16-flowered; phyllaries
thin, green or purple-tinged, acuminate, sparsely pubescent.
37. Coleosanthus squarrosus (Cav.) Blake.
Eupatorium squarrosum Cay. Icon. Pl. 1: 66. pl. 98. 1791.
Coleosanthus cavanillesiit Cass. Bull. Soe. Philom. 1817: 67, 1817.
Rosalesia glandulosa Llave in Llav. & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 14. 1824.
Eupatorium rosalesia DC. Prodr. 5: 183. 1836.
Bulbostylis cavanillesii DC. Prodr. 5: 138. 1836.
Brickellia cavanillesii A. Gray, Pl]. Wright. 1: 85. 1852.
Brickellia rosalesia Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 106.
1881.
Coleosanthus glandulosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Brickellia squarrosa Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 90. 1917. Not B. squar-
rosa Robins. & Seat. 1893.
Durango to Michoacan, Puebla, and Mexico; type from Mexico, without
definite locality.
Frutescent or fruticose, about 3 meters high, sordid-puberulous, subglabrate;
leaf blades triangular-ovate to broadly ovate, 3.5 to 9 em. long, thin, crenate-
serrate, reticulate beneath and puberulous or usually griseous-tomentulose;
1482 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
heads 17 mm. high, about 25-flowered, nodding, in a loose panicle, on slender
pubescent and stipitate-glandular pedicels; phyllaries acuminate, at least the
outer glandular. ‘‘Gobernadora”’ (Puebla); ‘‘atanasia amarga’”’ (Jalisco, Valley
of Mexico); ‘‘prodigiosa’”’? (Urbina); ‘‘hierba del becerro”’ (San Luis Potosi,
Valley of Mexico); “‘hierba dulce”? (Ramirez); ‘‘atanasia’’ (Oaxaca).
The plant is reported to contain a glucoside, brickelline. It is employed
popularly as a vermifuge and febrifuge, and also as a remedy for diarrhea and
affections of the stomach.
37a. Coleosanthus squarrosus oligadenus (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia squarrosa oligadena Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 92. f. 70, B.
1917.
Known only from the type locality, Hacienda Coahuayula, Michoacan.
Similar; pedicels griseous-pubescent, nearly or quite lacking the stipitate
glands; outer phyllaries griseous-pubescent, not glandular.
38. Coleosanthus botterii (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia botterii Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 93. f. 72. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, Orizaba, Veracruz.
Fruticose, sordid-tomentulose, glabrescent; leaf blades oblong-ovate or trian-
gular-ovate, 4 to 6 em. long, crenulate, scarcely reticulate, griseous-tomen-
tulose beneath; heads 13 mm. high, about 16-flowered, in a pyramidal panicle,
mostly nodding, on slender stipitate-glandular pedicels; phyllaries pilosulous,
the outer glandular.
39. Coleosanthus adenocarpus (Robinson) Arthur, Torreya 22: 30. 1922.
Brickellia adenocarpa Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 93. f. 73. 1917.
Oaxaca; type from Rancho de Calder6n. Guatemala.
Slightly lignescent perennial, crisp-puberulous, glabrescent; leaf blades ovate,
3.5 v0 5.4 em. long; heads 18 mm. high, about 22-flowered, clustered at tips of
branches in convex cymes, on griseous-villous or tomentose pedicels; phyllaries
attenuate, appressed or somewhat squarrose, the outer villous.
39a. Coleosanthus adenocarpus glandulipes (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia adenocarpa glandulipes Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 94. f. 73, 8.
1917. .
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Quezaltenango.
Similar; pedicels glandular-puberulous; outer phylaries sordid-glandular.
40. Coleosanthus pacayensis Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 20: 46. 1895.
Brickellia pacayensis Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 98. 1891.
Brickellia hebecarpoides Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 486. 1901.
Michoaecdn and Morelos to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Nicaragua;
type from Pacaya, Guatemala.
Suffrutescent to fruticose, 1 to 3 meters high, from griseous-tomentose to
densely stipitate-glandular; leaf blades ovate, 4 to 7 cm. long, reticulate; heads
1 to 1.4 em. high, 22 to 25-flowered, paniculate, on densely stipitate-glandular
pedicels; phyllaries glandular-pubescent.
41. Coleosanthus floribundus (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328.
1891.
Brickellia floribunda A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 73. 1853.
Chihuahua and Sonora; type collected near Santa Cruz, Sonora. New
Mexico and Arizona.
Suffrutescent, 1 to 1.5 meters high, stipitate-glandular, aromatic; leaf blades
triangular-ovate, 4 to 13 em. long, coarsely dentate-serrate, scarcely reticulate,
green, glandular-punctate, subglabrous; heads 1 em. high, about 15-flowered,
panicled; inner phyllaries substramineous, the outer herbaceous, densely stipitate-
glandular.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1483
42. Coleosanthus argutus (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia arguta Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 102. f. 79. 1917.
Northern Baja California. Southern California; type locality not definitely
stated.
Fruticose, glandular-pubescent; leaf blades ovate, about 1.5 em. long, cori-
aceous, reticulate, sharply toothed; heads 13 mm. high, about 15 mm. wide,
about 50-flowered, solitary at tips of branches; outer phyllaries coriaceous-
herbaceous, lance-ovate.
43. Coleosanthus brandegei (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia brandeget Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 106. f. 82. 1917.
Baja California and Espiritu Santo Island; type from La Paz.
Fruticose, densely glandular-puberulous; leaf blades broadly ovate, 1.4 to
2.5 cm. Jong, obtuse, subcoriaceous, crenate-dentate, griseous-puberulous, reticu-
late; panicle terminal, few-headed; heads 1 cm. high, about 28-flowered. (Descrip-
tion compiled.)
44. Coleosanthus macromerus (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia macromera Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 107. f. 83. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, head of Concepcién Bay, Baja California.
Fruticose, whitish-barked, hirtellous, with very long internodes; leaf blades
1.5-to 3 em. long, chartaceous, hirtellous, slightly reticulate beneath; heads
1.4 em. high, pedicellate, in few-headed terminal umbellate panicles. (Descrip-
tion compiled.)
45. Coleosanthus peninsularis (T. 8. Brandeg.) Blake.
Brickellia peninsularis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 160. 1903.
Baja California and Socorro Island; type from La Chuparosa.
Frutescent, griseous-scabrid-pubescent and glandular, about 2.5 meters high;
leaf blades ovate, 3 to 8 em. long, chartaceous, reticulate, griseous-puberulous;
heads corymbose-panicled, 14 mm. high, about 30-flowered; phyllaries acute to
acuminate, the outer glandular-puberulous, recurved at tip.
46. Coleosanthus rhomboideus Greene, Erythea 1: 54. 1893.
Brickellia rhomboidea Greene, Pittonia 2: 103. 1890.
Known only from the type locality and vicinity, Guaymas, Sonora.
Fruticose, whitish-barked, puberulous; leaf blades deltoid-ovate to broadly
rhombic-ovate, 3 to 6 em. Jong, rather thin, entire or bluntly undulate-serrate,
slightly puberulous; heads umbellate-panicled, 12 mm. high, about 50-flowered,
on stipitate-glandular pedicels 1 to 4 cm. long; phyllaries acute (outer) to obtuse.
47. Coleosanthus lanatus (DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Bulbostylis lanata DC. Prodr. 7: 268. 1838.
Bulbostylis rigida Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 297. 1840.
Brickellia lanata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 84. 1852.
Jalisco, Guanajuato, and (?) Tepic; type from vicinity of Guanajuato.
Suffrutescent, canescent-lanate; leaf blades oblong to oval, 2.5 to 5.5 cm. long,
coarsely serrate, coriaceous, canescent-lanate and reticulate beneath, narrowed
at base, very short-petioled; heads in a narrow panicle, solitary in the upper axils,
1.5 em. high, about 50-flowered; phyllaries strongly graduate, ovate to oblong,
arachnoid-ciliate, chiefly obtuse and mucronulate, usually purplish.
47a. Coleosanthus lanatus microdontus (Robinson) Blake.
Brickellia lanata microdonta Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 119. f. 94, 8. 1917.
Colima and Jalisco; type from Colima.
Leaves subsessile, cordate at base and more or less amplexicaul, merely
denticulate.
1484 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
21. DYSCRITOTHAMNUS Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 65: 25.
pl. 1. 1922.
1. Dyscritothamnus filifolius Robinson, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 65: 26.
pl. 1. 1922.
Known only from the type locality, between Las Ajuntas and Las Ranas, near
boundary between Guanajuato and Hidalgo.
Shrub 30 cm. high, glabrous; leaves alternate, nearly filiform, 2 to 3 cm. long,
0.5 to 0.8 mm. wide, nerveless; heads few, in terminal cymose panicles, 12 to
13 mm. high, about 10-flowered; phyllaries 2 or 3-seriate, somewhat graduate,
lanceolate, acuminate, subscarious; receptacle paleaceous; corollas all tubular,
very slightly zygomorphous; achenes obovoid, villous-hirsute, 2.5 mm. long;
pappus of numerous unequal bristles, plumose below. (Description compiled.)
This genus is perhaps more closely allied to the Asterieae than to the Eupa-
torieae.
22. SELLOA Spreng. Nov. Prov. Hal. 36. 1819.
1. Selloa glutinosa Spreng. Nov. Prov. Hal. 36. 1819.
Gymnosperma glutinosum Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. 194. 1832.
Gymnosperma corymbosum DC. Prodr. 5: 312. 1836.
Gymnosperma multiflorum DC. Prodr. 5: 312. 1836.
Gymnosperma scoparium DC. Prodr. 5: 312. 1836.
Chihuahua to Chiapas. Texas to Arizona; type a cultivated plant, wrongly
ascribed to Brazil.
Woody below, much branched, 1 meter high or less, glutinous, essentially gla-
brous; leaves alternate, sessile, often with fascicles in their axils, linear to narrowly
elliptic-lanceolate, 2 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, triplinerved, punctate, entire;
heads yellow, about 4 mm. high, in dense corymbose-panicled cymes; phyllaries
pale, subcoriaceous, obtuse, with narrow scarious margin, sometimes obscurely
herbaceous-tipped; ligules about 6, not exceeding disk; disk flowers about 6;
achenes oblong, puberulous, 4 or 5-ribbed; pappus none. “‘Jarilla’”’ (Nuevo Leén);
“mota’’ (Aguascalientes); “‘mariquita,”’ ‘“tatalencho” (Zacatecas); ‘‘motita’’
(San Luis Potosi); ‘cola de zorra’’ (Chihuahua); ‘‘xonequitl’”? (Nahuatl);
‘“‘hierba pegajosa’’ (Nuevo Leén) ; “‘yucu ndede”’ (Oaxaca, Mixtec, Seler) ; ‘‘zazal”’
(Mexico); ‘‘pegajosa,”’ ‘“‘escobilla”’ (Valley of Mexico).
In popular medicine a decoction of the plant is employed as a remedy for diar-
rhea, and a solution of the gum is used externally as a remedy for rheumatism,
ulcers, etc.
23. GUTIERREZIA Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 30. 1816.
Herbaceous to suffruticose, low, much branched, more or less glutinous; leaves
alternate, linear-filiform to oblanceolate, punctate, 1-nerved or rarely triplinerved,
entire; heads small or very small, yellow, cymose-panicled; involucre graduate,
few-seriate, of coriaceous, often green-tipped phyllaries; achenes turbinate or
obconic, silky; pappus of about 10 linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate, scarious-
paleaceous, persistent squamellae, as long as the achene or usually shorter, in the
ray about half as long as in the disk (in our species).
Heads very small, cylindric; ray flowers 1 or 2, disk flowers 1 to 3.
Heads sessile, fasciculate in glomerules of 2 to 5; rays solitary; disk flowers
1 (0) DA ae a eee ree ROE Rag NT ee Tae ale ae 1. G. lucida.
Heads often pediceled, not fasciculate-glomerate; rays 2; disk fiowers 2 or 3.
2. G. digyna.
Heads turbinate to subglobose; ray flowers 3 to 12, disk flowers 1 to 12.
Involucre 2.5 to 4 mm. high; leaves linear-filiform to narrowly linear, 1.5 mm.
(rarely 2.5) wide or less.
Heads slenderly cylindric-turbinate, about 1.5 mm. thick; ray flowers
ASOLO GISK OWES shat o=- =a ee eee 3. G. microcephala.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1485
Heads thicker, turbinate to subglobose-turbinate, 1.5 to 3.5 mm. thick;
ray flowers 3 to 12, disk flowers 2 to 12.
Leaves (at least the lower) linear-spatulate, 1 to 2.5 mm. wide.
4. G. argyrocarpa.
Leaves strictly linear or linear-filiform, 1.5 mm. wide or less.
Heads subglobose-turbinate; flowers of ray and disk each 7 to 12; phyl-
laries with conspicuous broad and short herbaceous tips.
5. G. californica.
Heads turbinate; flowers of ray and disk each 3 to 8; phyllaries with
narrower and more obscure herbaceous tips____6. G. sarothrae.
Involucre 5 to 6 mm. high; leaves linear-spatulate or linear-oblanceolate, 2 to
Gann WAGE” He. abine ss te fe ea Ey ay tafe ag 7. G. grandis.
1. Gutierrezia lucida Greene, Fl. Franc. 361. 1897.
Xanthocephalum lucidum Greene, Pittonia 2: 282. 1892.
Gutierrezia glomerella Greene, Pittonia 4: 54. 1899.
Chihuahua (?) and Coahuila to Zacatecas. Colorado to Texas, Arizona, and
California; type from Mohave Desert, California.
Suffruticose, up to 60 em. high; leaves linear-filiform to narrowly linear-
oblanceolate, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, 2.5 mm. wide or less, sparsely scabridulous;
heads fasciculate-cymose-panicled, 2.5 to 4.5 mm. long, about 1 mm. thick.
2. Gutierrezia digyna Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 59. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, San Luis Mountains, Sonora (?), along
Arizona boundary line.
Suffrutescent, about 30 cm. high; lower leaves oblanceolate or spatulate-linear,
1.7 to 3.5 em. long, 3 to 4.5 mm. wide, the upper linear or very narrowly spatulate-
linear; heads corymbosely cymose-panicled.
3. Gutierrezia microcephala (DC.) A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 74.
1849.
Brachyris microcephala DC. Prodr. 5: 313. 1836.
?Gutierrezia haenkei Schultz Bip. Flora 38: 115. 1855.
Gutierrezia euthamiae microcephala A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 115. 1884.
Gutierrezia filifolia Greene, Pittonia 4: 55. 1899.
Chihuahua and Coahuila; type from Saltillo, Coahuila. Idaho to Arizona.
Suffruticose, about 35 cm. high, hirtellous, corymbosely branched above;
leaves linear-filiform, 3 em. long, 1 mm. wide or less; heads often pediceled, about
3.5 mm. high; phyllaries with rather conspicuous narrow greenish tips.
4. Gutierrezia argyrocarpa Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 35. 1904.
Known only from the type locality, chalk bluffs of Tula, Hidalgo.
Suffruticose, hirtellous, about 30 cm. high; leaves linear-spatulate or the upper
linear, 1 to 1.5 em. long, scabridulous on margin; heads turbinate, about 3.5 mm.
high and 2.5 mm. thick, mostly pediceled, cymose-panicled; rays 5 or 6; disk
flowers 8 to 12.
5. Gutierrezia californica (DC.) Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 193. 1842.
Brachyris californica DC. Prodr. 5: 313. 1836.
Chihuahua. California and Arizona; type from California.
Suffrutescent, the stem glabrous to hirtellous; heads rather few, usually not
glomerate, about as thick as long; phyllaries conspicuously green-tipped; ray
and disk flowers each 7 to 12.
6. Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby, Trans. N. Y. Acad. 7: 10.
1887.
Solidago sarothrae Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 540. 1814.
Brachyris euthamiae Nutt. Gen. Pl. 2: 163. 1818.
Gutierrezia euthamiae Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 1938. 1842.
1486 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Chihuahua to Nuevo Leén; Baja California. Western North America,
type from the plains of the Missouri.
Suffrutescent or suffruticose, hirtellous-puberulent, bushy-branched, 40 em.
high or less; leaves linear-filiform, 2 to 4 em. long, 1 mm. (rarely 1.5 mm.) wide
or less, scaberulous; heads very numerous, corymbosely cymose-panicled, 4 to 6
mm. high, 2 to 3 mm. thick; phyllaries with narrow, often obscure, green tips.
‘‘Hierba de San Nicolds’’ (Nuevo Leén); ‘‘hierba de vibora,”’ “‘coyaye’’ (New
Mexico).
A decoction of the plant is reported to be used in New Mexico as an emmen-
agogue and as a remedy for gastric disturbances. In the southwestern United
States this and related species are known variously as ‘‘ yellow-weed,’’ ‘‘brown-
weed,’ ‘‘sheep-weed,”’ ‘‘broom-weed,’’ and “snake-weed.’”’ The plants are
often very abundant upon the plains, and their abundance usually indicates
that the land has been over-grazed, especially by sheep.
7. Gutierrezia grandis Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 22: 592. pl. 55. 1924.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; type from Icamole, Nuevo Ledép.
Suffruticose, 30 cm. high or more, strongly glutinous, scabridulous; leaves
chiefly linear-oblanceolate, 2.5 to 4.5 em. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, triplinerved;
heads turbinate or obovoid, larger than in any other of our species, scattered or
glomerate; rays 5 to 9; disk flowers 3 to 7.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
GUTIERREZIA LINEARIFOLIA Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 30. 1816. This species,
the type of the genus, was originally ascribed to Mexico. The description does
not well agree with any Mexican species, however, and Gray identifies it with
much probability with the Chilean plant later described as Brachyris paniculata
DC.
24. APLOPAPPUS Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 56: 168. 1828.
Herbs or shrubs, often glutinous; leaves alternate (in one species opposite),
linear-filiform to obovate, entire to pinnatifid or bipinnatifid; heads small or
medium, radiate or discoid, yellow, the rays and more rarely the disk sometimes
becoming purplish in age; involucre 2 to 7-seriate, scarcely or strongly graduated,
the phyllaries dry, usually thin-margined, sometimes with herbaceous tips, not
in distinct vertical ranks; achenes usually pubescent, slender, sometimes ribbed;
pappus of numerous often unequal bristles.
Leaves all linear or linear-filiform, rarely spatulate-linear, entire, 3 mm. wide or
less.
Pappus bright white; heads solitary at tips of branchlets, radiate, compara-
tively large, the disk 1 em. wide or more; involucre 7 to 13 mm. high, the
phyllaries lanceolate, scarcely graduated, with subherbaceous center and
tip.
Leaves 2 to 4 em. long; ligules 1 to 2 em. long; involucre 10 to 13 mm. high.
1. A. linearifolius.
Leaves 1 to 2 em. long; ligules 5 to 10 mm. long; involucre 7 to 10 mm.
| Sui, 0 Seep eee ARs ae Se Vee ek Serer, CBee ES Sed = la. A. linearifolius interior.
Pappus brownish or dull whitish; heads mostly corymbose-panicled or
racemose-panicled, sometimes solitary, usually discoid, the disk 8 mm.
wide or less (in A. parrasanus becoming 11 to 12 mm. wide); involucre
8 mm. high or less, usually strongly graduated.
Heads solitary at tips of short leafy branchlets, these sometimes cymosely
arranged.
Leaves not punctate; young growth densely hirtellous.___9. A. purpusii.
_ STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1487
Leaves strongly glandular-punctate; young growth glabrous.
Leaves linear-filiform, subterete.
Involucre about 6-seriate, 6 to 7 mm. high; rays present.
4. A. palmeri.
Involucre about 4-seriate, 5 mm. high or less; rays wanting.
6. A. propinquus,
Leaves linear or linéar-spatulate, distinctly flattened; phyllaries all
linear-lanceolate to oblong, acute to acuminate.
Phyllaries linear-lanceolate or linear-subulate, acuminate; leaves 1 to
irom) wider! ste: Ati) o aie geod) OF sea 7. A. laricifolius.
Phyllaries oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute; leaves 0.6 to 0.9 mm.
WIGS 22 RE See 2) ELS elas veil 8. A. parrasanus.
Heads distinctly cymose-panicled, rarely racemose-panicled.
Stem densely tomentose_________._.____________ 12. A. pyramidatus.
Stem not tomentose.
Leaves linear-filiform, terete or subterete, conspicuously impressed-
punctate (less so in no. 4).
Involucre 6 to 7 mm. high, about 6-seriate, the inner phyllaries
narrowly linear; rays present__.______________- 4. A. palmeri.
Involucre 3 to 6 mm. high, about 4-seriate, the inner phyllaries
oblong or linear-oblong; rays wanting (rarely solitary in no. 5).
Involucre 3 to 4 mm. high, the phyllaries with short greenish
tips; heads subsessile, in close cymose clusters, these panicu-
lately or subracemosely arranged__________ 5. A. sonoriensis-
Involucre 4 to 6 mm. high, the phyllaries without distinct greenish
tips; heads pedicellate.
Bracts in distinct vertical ranks; heads 5 to 7-flowered.
(Chrysothamnus paniculatus.)
Bracts not in distinct vertical ranks; heads 8 to 12-flowered.
6. A. propinquus.
Leaves linear or linear-spatulate, flat, inconspicuously or not punctate
(except in nos. 10 and 4).
Leaves 5 to 15 mm. long; heads usually with 1 or 2 rays.
10. A. monactis.
Leaves 2 cm. long or more; heads discoid.
At least the middle phyllaries with definite greenish tips.
Middle phyllaries obtuse or rounded; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high.
14. A. drummondii.
Middle phyllaries acute; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high.
20. A. fasciculatus.
Phyllaries without definite greenish tips, but sometimes obscurely
greenish toward tip.
Leaves obscurely or not punctate, 2 mm. wide or more.
15. A. heterophyllus.
Leaves strongly punctate, 1.2 mm. wide or less__4. A. palmeri,
Leaves more than 3 mm. wide (if rarely less, not entire), usually toothed or
pinnatifid.
Leaves opposite throughout; phyllaries about 2-seriate, subequal, the outer
broadly oval-oblong, about 2.5 mm. wide__-------- 2. A. oppositifolius.
Leaves alternate; phyllaries several-seriate, graduate, much narrower.
Leaves entire.
Bilamttomentose.2 2522 epee = ae ae se Se eee 21. A. canus.
57020—26——12
1488 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Plant not tomentose.
Leaves cuneate to linear-elliptic, 7 times as long as wide or! ess.
Leaves cuneate to obovate, 2 cm. long or less.
3. A. cuneatus spathulatus.
Leaves linear-elliptic to obovate, 2.5 to 6 cm. long.
Heads in a virgate panicle; involucre 7 to 9 mm. high, strongly
graduate, many-seriate____......_.._._------ 23. A. orcuttii.
Heads in a flattish terminal corymbiform panicle; involucre 5 mm.
high; ‘few=senlatesetl 2). ote aussi a oe sil ents 11. A. parishii.
Leaves linear to linear-spatulate, more than 8 times as long as wide.
Involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, the middle phyllaries acute and with
GGONITG. PIPED AIDS. = 220 Se oe 20. A. fasciculatus.
Involucre 5 mm. high or less, the middle phyllaries obtuse or rarely
acute, without definite greenish tips_-___- 15. A. heterophyllus.
Leaves toothed or pinnatifid.
Plant tomentedser:>.adessi lis. eas?) ant eh eee oe 21. A. canus.
Plant not tomentose.
Involucre 12 to 15 mm. high, the phyllaries oblong-linear, appressed,
without loose green tips.
Leaves oval or oblong-obovate, with broad clasping base.
24. A. berberidis-
Leaves cuneate-obovate, narrowed to the base____.25. A. cruentus.
Involucre 10 mm. high or less.
Heads solitary at tips of stem and branches.
Stem and leaves essentially glabrous, resinous; involucre 4.5 mm.
high, the outer phyllaries ciliate, not glandular-granular.
13. A. vernicosus.
Stem and leaves glandular-granular or pubescent; involucre 5 to
10 mm. high, the phyllaries not ciliate, densely glandular-
granular.
Leaves obovate or cuneate-obovate, merely toothed, obtuse,
nearly uniform in shape; phyllaries with spreading or
reflexed herbaceous tips 1.5 to 2 mm. long; plant very
densely glandular-pubescent___-_-__---_- 28. A. arenarius.
Leaves linear to obovate, usually acute, at least the lower usually
pinnatifid, the upper usually different in shape and toothing
from the lower; herbaceous tips of the phyllaries appressed or
short and spreading.
Plant dull green or cinereous, densely glandular-pubescent or
hispid-pilose; upper and branch leaves mostly oblong-
linear or oblanceolate, toothed.
26. A. spinulosus scabrellus.
Plant bright light green, sparsely glandular-granular; upper
and branch leaves linear, entire or toothed.
27. A. junceus.
Heads closely cymose or virgate-panicled.
Heads small, few-flowered, 5.5 mm. high or less; leaves 1 cm. long
orilessizas.f. Jodha “sated opel ieee 13. A. vernicosus,.
Heads larger, many-flowered; leaves more than 1 cm. long.
Heads in elongate, virgate or pyramidal panicles.
Stem rough-pubescent; leaves sharply toothed.
22. A. squarrosus.
Stem essentially glabrous; leaves merely denticulate.
23. A. orcuttii
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1489
Heads in close cymose clusters at tips of stem and branches.
Phyllaries with acute or acuminate spreading herbaceous tips.
19. A. tridentatus.
Phyllaries with appressed tips.
Leaf rachis narrowly linear, of the same breadth as the lobes.
Leaves with one or two short lobes or teeth above.
14. A. drummondii.
Leaves regularly pinnatifid___________ 18. A. fruticosus.
Leaf rachis much broader than the breadth of the lobes or
teeth.
Leaves chiefly cuneate or cuneate-oblanceolate, with few
shont teebh 2p) 5 ene 16. A. venetus.
Leaves chiefly linear-spatulate or spatulate-oblanceolate,
incise-toothed or pinnatifid_______ 17. A. hartwegi.
1. Aplopappus linearifolius DC. Prodr. 5: 347. 1836.
Stenotus linearifolius Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 238. 1842.
Stenotopsis linearifolia Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 27: 617. 1900.
Zapato Chino, Baja California (Brandegee, according to Hall). California.
Shrub 1.5 meters high or less, somewhat resinous; leaves crowded, linear,
acute, punctate; peduncles short, nearly naked; inner phyllaries with scarious
margins; achenes silky-pubescent; pappus soft.
la. Aplopappus linearifolius interior (Coville) Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. II.
5: 697. 1895.
Aplopappus interior Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 7: 65. 1892.
San Pedro Martir, Baja California (Brandegee, according to Hall). California
to Utah and Arizona; type from Inyo County, California.
Similar, but with shorter leaves, rays, and involucre.
2. Aplopappus oppositifolius (A. Gray) Blake.
Bigelovia oppositifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 32. 1879.
Known only from the type locality, San Luis Potosi.
Low shrub, resinous and obscurely puberulous; leaves opposite; petioles 3 to
5 mm. long; blades ovate-elliptic or rhombic-elliptic, 1.5 em. long, 7 mm. wide,
acutish, cuneate at base, thick, about 7-toothed above the middle, dotted;
heads solitary at tips of branches, subsessile, discoid, 1 em. high; involucre
2-seriate, sometimes with one or two small outer bracts, subequal, 8 mm. high,
the phyllaries oblong, acute, striate, glandular-granular, ciliolate above, without
herbaceaus tips; flowers 20 to 25; achenes puberulous.
3. Aplopappus cuneatus spathulatus (A. Gray) Blake.
Bigelovia spathulata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 74. 1876.
Ericameria cuneata spathulata H. M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 352.
1907.
Northern Baja California; type from Cantillas Canyon. California and
Arizona. ;
Spreading shrub, about 30 em. high, glabrous, densely glandular-punctate;
leaves cuneate or obovate, 1 to 2 cm. long, 3 to 10 mm. wide, thick, entire,
usually retuse; heads several in terminal cymose panicles, discoid, turbinate;
involucre 6 to 8 mm. high, graduate, of acutish, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate
phyllaries without herbaceous tips; achenes silky-pubescent; pappus brownish.
4. Aplopappus palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 74. 1876.
Chrysoma palmeri Greene, Erythea 3: 12. 1895.
Ericameria palmeri H. M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 53. 1907.
Northern Baja California; type from Tecate Mountains. California.
1490 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Low shrub, about 0.5 meter high, nearly glabrous, densely glandular-punctate;
leaves very narrowly linear or linear-filiform, 1 to 3.5 em. long, 1.2 mm. wide or
less, those of the axillary fascicles reduced and often subterete; heads numerous,
in an elongate panicle or racemosely arranged, usually pedicellate; involucre 6 to
7 mm. high, strongly graduate, narrowly turbinate; rays several, short; achenes
silky.
5. Aplopappus sonoriensis (A. Gray) Blake.
Ericameria diffusa Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 23. 1844. Not Aplopappus
diffusus DC. 1836.
Solidago diffusa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 159. 1861.
Linosyris sonoriensis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 291. 1870.
Bigelovia diffusa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 640. 1873.
Baja California and islands, Sinaloa, and Sonora; type from Yaqui River,
Sonora.
Frutescent, 60 cm. high or less, glabrous, punctate, much branched, very leafy;
leaves linear-filiform, 3.5 em. long or less, 1 mm. wide or less, subterete, or the
larger sometimes flattish above, those of the branches much reduced; heads
numerous, mostly subsessile, cymose-clustered, usually forming broad panicles;
involucre 3 to 4 mm. high, few-seriate, the oblong or lance-oblong phyllaries
with short greenish tips; rays 0 to 2, small; disk flowers 4 or 5; achenes silky.
““Hierba del pasmo”’ (Sonora, Baja California).
6. Aplopappus propinquus Blake, nom. nov.
Bigelovia brachylepis A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 614. 1876.
Chrysoma brachylepis Greene, Erythea 3: 12. 1895.
Ericameria brachylepis H. M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 56. 1907.
Haplopappus brachylepis H. M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 273. 1919.
Not H. brachylepis Phil. 1894.
Northern Baja California. California; type from Larken’s Station, northeast
of San Diego.
Shrub 2 meters high or less, much branched, densely glandular-punctate;
leaves linear-filiform, 1 to 2.5 em. long, 1.3 mm. wide or less, often with fascicles
in their axils, the larger sometimes flattish above; heads narrowly panicled or
subracemose, pedicellate, discoid, 8 to 12-flowered; involucre 4 to 6 mm. high,
few-seriate, the phyllaries lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, with linear central
gland; achenes silky-pilose.
7. Aplopappus laricifolius A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 80. 1853.
Chrysoma laricifolia Greene, Erythea 3: 11. 1895.
Bigelovia nelsonii Fernald, Proc..Amer. Acad. 36: 505. 1901.
Ericameria nelsonii Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 26. 1917.
Chihuahua. Arizona to Texas; type from Guadalupe Pass, New Mexico.
Much-branched shrub about 30 em. high, densely glandular-punctate, densely
leafy; leaves linear or narrowly linear-spatulate, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 2 mm. wide or
less, thick, flat; heads turbinate, becoming subhemispheric, solitary at tips of
short leafy branches, these usually cymose-clustered at apex of stem and branches;
involucre about 5 mm. high, little graduate, the phyllaries linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, with a linear dorsal gland; rays 7 or less, exceeding disk; achenes
silky.
8. Aplopappus parrasanus Blake.
Ericameria parrasana Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 26. 1917.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Parras, Coahuila.
Branching shrub, densely glandular-punctate, very leafy; leaves linear, 6 to
9 mm. long, 0.6 to 0.9 mm. wide, flattish above, not fascicled; heads hemispheric,
solitary, terminating short leafy branches; involucre 4mm. high, slightly graduate,
the phyllaries narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, with lanceolate ap-
pressed subherbaceous tips; rays about 10, oval, 5 mm. long; achenes silky.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1491
9. Aplopappus purpusii (T. 8. Brandeg.) Blake.
Ericameria purpusit T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 191. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Macho, Coahuila.
Low branching shrub, finely hirtellous on the younger parts; larger leaves
linear-subulate, 5 to 7 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, stiff, spreading, mucronulate,
bearing fascicles in their axils, those of the branches appressed or erect, smaller,
decurrent, with thick midrib; heads solitary, terminating leafy branchlets, dis-
coid, 8 to iv-flowered, turbinate-hemispheric; involucre 5 mm. high, the phyllaries
ovate to oblong, ome achenes silky.
10. Aplopappus monactis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 1. 1883.
Ericameria monactis MeClatchie, Erythea 2: 124. 1894.
Tumionella monactis Greene, Leaflets 1: 173. 1906.
Northern Baja California. California and Nevada; type from borders of
Mohave Desert.
Much-branched shrub 1 meter high or less, slightly pubescent, more or less
punctate, very leafy; leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate, 5 to 15 mm. long,
1.5 mm. wide or less, even the reduced leaves of the branches distinctly flattened
above; heads pediceled, cymose-panicled at tips of branches; involucre 4 mm.
high, the phyllaries very few, oblong or lance-oblong, obtuse or acute; rays 0 to 2;
disk flowers 5 to 8; achenes silky.
11. Aplopappus parishii (Greene) Blake.
Bigelovia parishii Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 62. 1882.
Chrysoma parishii Greene, Erythea 3: 10. 1895.-
Ericameria parishit H. M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot 3: 55. 1907.
San Pedro MArtir, Baja California. California; type from Waterman Canyon,
San Bernardino Mountains.
Shrub 2 to 5 meters high, very resinous, densely leafy; leaves linear-elliptic or
elliptic-lanceolate, 2 to 6 em. long, 3 to 10 mm. wide, entire, acute, densely punc-
tate, sessile; heads numerous, discoid, about 10-flowered, forming terminal
flattish cymose panicles; involucre 5 mm. high, the phyllaries lanceolate or lance-
oblong, acute or obtusish; achenes minutely silky.
12. Aplopappus pyramidatus (Robins. & Greenm.) Blake.
Bigelovia pyramidata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 43. 1896.
Known only from the type locality and vicinity, Oaxaca City, Oaxaca.
Frutescent, 1 meter high or less; stem densely cinereous-tomentose, in age
glabrescent; leaves linear, 1 to 2.8 cm. long, 1.5 mm. wide or less, mucronulate,
revolute-margined, tomentose, glabrate above; heads discoid, 9-flowered, sub-
sessile, mostly solitary in the axils of leafy bracts 1 cm. long or less, forming long
spikelike panicles; involucre 5mm. high, about 3-seriate, the phyllaries lanceolate
to linear-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, somewhat glandular and sparsely pilose,
without herbaceous tips; achenes silky.
138. Aplopappus vernicosus T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 168. 1889.
Known only from the type locality, EY Rosario, Baja California.
Shrubby, intricately branched, essentially glabrous, resinous, about 45 cm.
high; leaves cuneate-obovate or rhombic- obovate, 6 to 9 mm. long, 3 to 4 mm.
wide, with 2 to 6 spinulose- -tipped teeth, narrowed into a petioliform entire base,
coriaceous, not distinctly dotted, sometimes with fascicles in the axils; heads
1 to 3 at tips of short branchlets toward apex of stem and branches, leafy-bracted;
involucre 5 mm. high, the phyllaries few, oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, the outer
ciliate below, with conspicuous green tips, the inner with obscure tips; rays 5;
disk flowers 6; achenes silky.
14. Aplopappus drummondii (Torr. & Gray) Blake.
Linosyris drummondii Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 233. 1842.
Bigelovia drummondii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 639. 1873.
1492 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Tsocoma drummondti Greene, Erythea 2: 111. 1894.
Coahuila or Nuevo Leén. Texas; type from Texas.
Suffruticose, about 30 cm. high, slender, resinous; leaves linear or very narrowly
linear-spatulate, 2 to 5 em. long, 1 to 2.5 mm. wide, entire or rarely with one or
two teeth or short lobes; heads discoid, 18 to 30-flowered, in close terminal panicled
zymes; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high, about 5-seriate, graduate, the oblong or linear-
oblong, obtuse to acute phyllaries with distinct short greenish tips; achenes silky;
pappus brownish.
15. Aplopappus heterophyllus (A. Gray) Blake in Tidestrom, Contr. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 25: 546. 1925.
Linosyris heterophylla A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 95. 1852.
Linosyris wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 95. 1852.
Linosyris hirtella A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 95. 1852.
Bigelovia wrightii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 639. 1873.
Isocoma heterophylla Greene, Erythea 2: 111. 1894.
Isocoma hirtella Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: 6. 1900.
Isocoma wrightii Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 33: 152. 1906.
Isocoma limitanea Rose & Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16: 18. pl. 14. 1912.
Isocoma oxylepis Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 180. 1913.
Chihuahua and Sonora. Colorado to Texas and Arizona; type from valley of
the Rio Grande, Texas.
Suffrutescent below or suffruticose, about 60 cm. high, hirtellous to sub-
glabrous; leaves linear to linear-oblanceolate, 2 to 6 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide,
usually hispidulous along margin, entire or the lower sometimes laciniate-
dentate; heads numerous, sessile or pedicellate, in terminal paniculate cymes;
involucre 4 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries about 5-seriate, strongly graduate,
narrowly oblong to lance-oblong, obtuse or sometimes acute, with obscurely
greenish tips; heads discoid, 7 to 15-flowered; achenes silky.
16. Aplopappus venetus (H. B. K.) Blake.
Baccharis veneta H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 68. 1820.
Aplopappus discoideus DC. Prodr. 5: 350. 1836.
Linosyris mexicana Schlecht. “Ind. Sem. Hort. Halens. 1839: 9. 1839;”
Linnaea 14: Litt.-Ber. 128. 1840.
Bigelovia veneta A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 638. 1873.
Isocoma veneta Greene, Erythea 2: 111. 1894.
Coahuila (or Nuevo Leén) to Morelos; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Frutescent, about 30 cm. high, more or less hirtellous; leaves cuneate or
cuneate-oblanceolate, 1 to 2.8 ecm. long, 3.5 to 10 mm. wide, denticulate to
laciniate-toothed with 1 to 6 pairs of spinulose-tipped teeth, usually entire below
the middle, dotted; heads discoid, 23 to 30-flowered, several or numerous, mostly
pedicellate, in close, usually panicled, terminal cymes; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high,
the phyllaries lance-oblong to ovate or oblong, with distinctly greenish, usually
acute or acutish tips; achenes densely silky. ‘‘Damiana,” “‘falsa damiana;”’
‘‘boxosdé4”’ (San Luis Potosi).
' A decoction of the plant is sometimes used in the form of baths as a remedy
for rheumatism. The plant has sometimes been confused with the true damiana,
Turnera diffusa (see page 848), and aphrodisiac properties have been wrongly
ascribed to it.
17. Aplopappus hartwegi (A. Gray) Blake.
Bigelovia hartwegi A. Gray (Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 115. 1881,
nomen nudum), Syn. Fl. 12: 123. 1884.
Isocoma hartwegi Greene, Erythea 2: 111. 1894.
Aguascalientes and San Luis Potosi to Puebla; type from Lagos, Jalisco.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1493
Similar to the last species, and doubtfully distinct from it; leaves narrowly
oblanceolate or spatulate-oblanceolate, deeply laciniate-toothed or lobed, the
lobes lanceolate or oblong-linear, 2 to 5 pairs, 1.5 to 4 mm. long.
18. Aplopappus fruticosus (Rose & Standl.) Blake.
Linosyris coronopifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 96. 1852. Not Aplopappus
coronopifolius DC. 1836.
Bigelovia coronopifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 638. 1873.
Isocoma coronopifolia Greene, Erythea 2: 111. 1894.
Isocoma fruticosa Rose & Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 16: 18. pl. 13. 1912
Sonora. Arizona and Texas; type collected along the Rio Grande, Texas.
Suffrutescent or fruticose, 60 em. high or less, resinous, hirtellous to glabrous;
leaves linear to oblong-ovate in outline, 1.2 to 4 cm. long, 0.3 to 3 em. wide,
pinnately divided, the lobes 2 to 6 pairs, linear or linear-filiform, of the same
breadth as the leaf rachis; heads discoid, about 12-flowered, crowded in termina] |
usually panicled cymes; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries with distinct
or indistinct, obtuse, greenish tips; achenes silky.
19. Aplopappus tridentatus (Greene) Blake.
?Linosyris dentata Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 16. 1863.
Bigelovia tridentata Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 126. 1883.
Tsocoma tridentata Greene, Erythea 2: 111. 1894.
Cedros Island and Rosalfa Bay, Baja California; type from Cedros Island.
Suffruticose, branched, 30 cm. high or more, resinous, essentially glabrous;
leaves cuneate to linear-spatulate, 1.5 to 2.8 em. long, 3 to 17 mm. wide, triden-
ticulate (rarely entire) to pinnatifid, the lobes 1 or 2 pairs, spinulose-tipped,
triangular or oblong-lanceolate, shorter than or exceeding the breadth of the
leaf rachis; heads discoid, about 19-flowered, pedicellate, cymose at tips of stem
and branches; involucre 7 to 9 mm. high, the phyllaries: lanceolate to linear-
lanceolate, with conspicuous, acute or acuminate, mostly spreading, greenish
tips; achenes silky.
20. Aplopappus fasciculatus Vasey & Rose, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 11:
530. 1889.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, San Quintin, Baja California.
Suffrutescent, 30 cm. high and more, apparently branched only at apex,
glutinous, essentially glabrous, very leafy; leaves narrowly linear-spatulate,
about 2.5 em. Jong, 2 to 3 mm. wide, entire, acute, bearing fascicles in their
axils; heads numerous, discoid, 15 to 25-fiowered, mostly pediceled, in panicled
cymes; involucre 6.5 to 9 mm. high, the phylaries oblong or ovate-oblong, acute,
greenish-tipped, appressed or rarely slightly spreading at apex.
21. Aplopappus canus (A. Gray) Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 24: 86. 1922
Diplostephium canum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 75. 1876.
Corethrogyne detonsa Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 41. 1883.
Corethrogyne cana Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 223. 1885.
Hazardia cana Greene, Pittonia 1: 29. 1887.
Hazardia detonsa Greene, Pittonia 1: 29. 1887.
Hazardia serrata Greene, Pittonia 1: 30. 1887.
Guadalupe Island, Baja California (type locality). Santa Barbara Islands,
California.
Shrub about 1.3 meters high, densely tomentose, the foliage sometimes glabrate
on one or both sides; leaves obovate to oblanceolate or elliptic-obovate, 3 to
10 em. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide, entire to sharply serrate, the larger often petiolate;
heads numerous, panicled, sessile or pedicellate; involucre 1 to 1.5 cm. high,
many-seriate, strongly graduate, more or less lanate-tomentose, the phyllaries
linear-lanceolate or linear, with thick, greenish, usually appressed, acutish tips;
1494 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
rays inconspicuous, yellow, changing to purple, perhaps sometimes wanting;
disk flowers yellow, becoming brownish purple; achenes pubescent; pappus
brown.
22. Aplopappus squarrosus Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 146. 1833.
Hazardia squarrosa Greene, Erythea 2: 112. 1894.
Baja California (according to Greene). California.
Suffruticose at base, 1 meter high er less, the stems rough-pubescent; leaves
cuneate to oblong-obovate or obovate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, 7 to 20 mm. wide, obtuse,
sessile and somewhat clasping, sharply serrate throughout with mucronulate teeth;
heads racemose to pyramidal-panicled, discoid, about 20-flowered; involucre
turbinate, many-seriate, 10 to 12 mm. high, the phyllaries granular, greenish-
tipped, at least the outer spreading at apex; achenes nearly or quite glabrous;
pappus deep brown. :
23. Aplopappus orcuttii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 297. 1885.
Hazardia orcuttii Greene, Erythea 2: 112. 1894.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Ensenada de Todos Santos,
Baja California.
Suffruticose, 30 em. high and more, resinous, essentially glabrous; leaves
elliptic to obovate, 2.5 to 4.5 em. long, 7 to 15 mm. wide, mucronulate-pointed,
narrowed to the sessile base, entire or rarely slightly serrulate, impressed-
glandular; heads turbinate, in narrow virgate panicles; involucre 7 to 10 mm.
high, many-seriate, the phyllaries linear, with short, obtuse or acutish, greenish,
densely glandular, appressed or slightly spreading tips; rays small, not exceeding
disk; achenes sparsely pilose.
24. Aplopappus berberidis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 126. 1884.
Hazardia berberidis Greene, Erythea 2: 112. 1894.
Coronados Islands and northern Baja California; type from Todos Santos Bay.
Suffruticose, about 0.5 meter high, the stem loosely hispid-pilose; leaves
cuneate-obovate or oval-obovate, 1.8 to 4 cm. long, 8 to 17 mm. wide, obtuse,
sessile and clasping, sharply serrate throughout; heads racemed or capitate-
clustered at apex of stem, rarely solitary, campanulate, chiefly sessile; involucre
13 to 15 mm. high, many-seriate, the phyllaries linear-oblong, rounded, appressed,
greenish and granular toward apex; rays numerous, about 6 mm. long; achenes
striate, glabrous.
25. Aplopappus cruentus Greene, Pittonia 2: 17. 1889.
Hazardia cruenta Greene, Erythea 2: 112. 1894.
Known only from the type locality, Coronados Islands, Baja California.
Low, shrubby, loosely villous; leaves obovate or spatuJate-obovate, 2 to 2.5 cm.
long, 7 to 10 mm. wide, obtuse, narrowed to base, sharply spinulose-serrate above
the base, thin-coriaceous; heads solitary at tips of branches, subglobose-cam-
panulate; involucre 1.5 em. high, the phyllaries linear or oblong-linear, obtuse,
obscurely greenish and glutinous toward tip, appressed, somewhat purplish-
tinged; rays numerous, yellow becoming saffron-red, the lamina about 8 mm.
long.
26. Aplopappus spinulosus scabrellus (Greene) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb.
n. ser. 52: 24. 1917.
Eriocarpum scabrellum Greene, Erythea 2: 108. 1894.
Baja California; Sonora to Guanajuato; type from Los Angeles Bay, Baja
California. Colorado to New Mexico.
Herbaceous to suffruticose, 30 em. high and more, subglabrous to densely
hispid-pilose, often glandular; leaves obovate or cuneate to (upper) linear or
linear-oblong, the lowest sometimes bipinnatifid, the middle and upper mostly
oblanceolate or oblong-linear, toothed to pinnatifid, the teeth spinulose-tipped;
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1495
heads few to numerous, solitary at tips of stem and branches; involucre 5 to 8
mm. high, densely glandular-granular, strongly graduate, the phyllaries linear
or linear-lanceolate, spinulose-tipped, with usually appressed greenish tips;
rays numerous, pale yellow, the lamina about 6 mm. long; achenes densely silky.
““Hierba de vibora.”
This plant is sold in the markets of Coahuila as a blood purifier.
27. Aplopappus junceus Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 190. 1885.
Eriocarpum junceum Greene, Erythea 2: 108. 1894.
Sideranthus viridis Rose & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 19. pl. 16.
1912.
Sonora and northern Baja California. Southern California and Arizona;
type from San Diego County, California.
Suffrutescent below, up to 1. meter high, the stems slender, finely glandular-
granular; lower leaves linear, about 2.5 em. long, pinnatifid with few short lobes,
the others linear, entire or few-toothed, obtuse, spinulose-mucronate, about 8
mm. long, 1 mm. wide; heads as in the last species, the involucre 5 to 8 mm.
high.
28. Aplopappus arenarius Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 24. 1844.
Aplopappus arenarius incisifolius I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV.
12: 1190. 1924.
?Aplopappus arenarius rossii I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1191.
1924.
Southern Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Suffruticose or herbaceous, low, spreading, densely pubescent all over with
mostly gland-tipped hairs; leaves cuneate to cuneate-obovate, 1 to (lowest) 3 cm.
long, 4 to 12 mm. wide, usually obtuse or rounded, denticuJate to laciniate-lobed
with sometimes spinulose-tipped teeth; involucre larger than in the last two
species, about.1 cm. high, the phyllaries densely glandular and with loose
herbaceous tips.
25. CHR YSOTHAMNUS Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soe. n. ser. 7: 323. 1840.
Shrubs or undershrubs; leaves alternate, narrow, entire; heads yellow,
corymbose-panicled, discoid and 5-flowered (in ours); involucre 3 to 5-seriate,
graduated, the dry, sometimes herbaceous-tipped phyllaries arranged in distinct
vertical rows; achenes slender, terete or angled; pappus of numerous soft or
stiffish, white or brownish-tinged, slender bristles.
Plants of this genus are abundant and characteristic shrubs of the Rocky
Mountain region, where they are commonly known as ‘‘rabbit-brush.’”’ The
stems contain a certain percentage of rubber, but probably too little to be of
commercial importance. “
Branches not tomentose.
Involucre 9 to 12 mm. high; phyllaries acuminate; leaves linear or linear-
spatulate, flattish, not glandular-punctate_____-__-__- 1. C. pulchellus.
Involucre 6 to 7 mm. high; phyllaries obtuse; leaves involute-filiform, subterete,
denselyvglandular=pune@vate: = == ee 2. C. paniculatus.
Branchesidenselyatomentoses= = a5 sees ae eee = ae 3. C. latisquameus.
1. Chrysothamnus pulchellus (A. Gray) Greene, Erythea 3: 107. 1895.
Linosyris pulchella A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 96. 1852.
Bigelovia pulchella A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 648. 1873.
Chihuahua. Kansas to Utah, south to Texas and Arizona; type from western
Texas.
Shrub 1 meter high or less, glabrous, white-barked; leaves cuspidate-apiculate,
1 to 2.5 em. long, 1 to 2.5 mm. wide; phyllaries strongly keeled, with lanceolate
greenish tips; achenes glabrous; pappus stiffish, about 1.2 cm. long.
1496 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
2. Chrysothamnus paniculatus (A. Gray) H. M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Publ-
Bot. 3: 58. 1907.
Linosyris viscidiflora paniculata A. Gray in Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot.
80. 1859, nomen nudum.
Bigelovia paniculata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 644. 1873.
Ericameria paniculata Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mount. 853. 1917.
Sonora. Utah and California to Arizona; type from ‘‘ California.”
Shrubby, 2 meters high or less, essentially glabrous, densely glandular-punctate;
leaves 2 cm. long or Jess; phyllaries few, in 3 or 4 ranks, without green tips, not
keeled; achenes densely pubescent; pappus brownish, about 6 mm. long.
3. Chrysothamnus latisquameus (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 4: 42. 1899.
Bigelovia graveolens latisquamea A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 645. 1873.
Sonora. New Mexico and Arizona; type from New Mexico.
Shrub, densely and compactly whitish-tomentose; leaves linear-filiform or
linear, 2 to 5 em. long, less than 1 mm. wide; involucre 7 to 9 mm. high, the
phyllaries obtuse, the outer tomentulose, the inner glabrous; achenes densely
pubescent; pappus whitish, about 7 mm. long.
26. GREENELLA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 16: 81. 1880.
1, Greenella ramulosa Greene, Pittonia 1: 302. 1889.
Central western Baja California; type from San Bartolomé Bay.
Suffrutescent perennial, about 30 em. high, densely and intricately branched,
finely glandular-viscid; leaves linear-elliptic or narrowly oblanceolate, 2.5 em.
long or less, 3.5 mm. wide or less, acute, 1-nerved, impressed-punctate, spinulose-
ciliolate, deciduous, the upper ones reduced to minute bracts; heads pedicellate,
solitary at tips of branchlets, about 4 mm. high; involucre 2 or 3-seriate, graduate,
the oblong obtuse glandular-granular thin-margined phyllaries greenish above,
arranged in distinct vertical ranks; rays about 3, fertile, white, ‘‘changing to
rose-purple,”’ the lamina 3 mm. long; disk flowers about 6, white, “changing to
rose-purple;’’ achenes oblong-turbinate, 10-striate, densely pubescent; pappus
of the ray achenes of about 15 lanceolate squamellae 0.5 mm. long, that of the
disk achenes of about 30 linear-lanceolate acuminate paleaceous awns about
1.3 mm. long.
27. ASTER L. Sp. Pl. 872. 1753.
Herbaceous, rarely suffrutescent or shrubby; leaves alternate, usually entire
or slightly toothed; heads small to large, solitary to panicled, radiate or rarely
discoid, the rays white to violet, never yellow, the disk whitish or yellow, often
changing to purplish; involucre usually distinctly graduate, the phyllaries usu-
ally narrow and herbaceous-tipped; style branches acute or acuminate; pappus
of numerous slender subequal bristles.
Plants glabrous throughout, glaucous or glaucescent.
Plant unarmed: heads discoid ==22-2 = 2-6 saree eee 5. A. carnosus.
ipJantispine-bearine> heads Tradiatess2 22 2 ee | eee 6. A. spinosus.
Plants pubescent or glandular, at least on the involucres, not glaucous or glau-
cescent.
Leaves subulate to spatulate, entire, 1 cm. long or less; plants 15 em. high or
less, <many-stemmed!...2 ried 2 eee) al eee iey eee 8. A. leucelene.
Leaves linear to lanceolate or rhombic, much more than 1 ecm. long, or else
plants much more than 15 em. high.
Leaves rhombic or cuneate, spiny-toothed, strongly reticulate.
7. A. frutescens.
Leaves linear to lanceolate, not spiny-toothed or reticulate.
Plant finely granular-glandular, not pubescent; branches sharply angled.
4. A. palmeri.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1497
Plant strigose, hirsute, or hirsutulous, at least in lines; branches not
angled.
Involucre about 5-seriate; leaves thick, the middle and upper chiefly
subulate or linear, 2 cm. long or less___-_____________ 1. A. lima.
Involucre about 3-seriate; leaves thin, the middle ones lanceolate or
linear-lanceolate, 3 to 9.5 cm. long.
Leaves 3 to 5 cm. long; involucre 5 mm. high_____ 2. A. jalapensis.
Leaves 5 to 9.5 cm. long; involucre 6 to 7 mm. high_3. A. bullatus.
1. Aster lima Lindl. in DC. Prodr. 5: 230. 1836.
?Aster moranensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 93. 1820.
Aster lindenii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 302. 1856.
Aster ehrenbergit Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 302. 1856.
? Aster purpurascens Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 303. 1856.
San Luis Potosi to Chiapas; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Slender, herbaceous or suffrutescent below, up to 60 cm. high, the stem
strigose or sometimes hirsute; lower leaves linear to lanceolate, about 3 cm. long,
3 to 7 mm. wide, entire, usually deciduous, the upper linear to subulate or lance-
subulate, often reduced to awl-shaped bracts on the peduncles, rough-margined;
heads solitary at tips of stem and branches, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide; involucre 5 to
8 mm. high, strongly graduate, the phyllaries linear or linear-lanceolate, with
conspicuous rhombic green tips, whitish and indurate below, somewhat pubes-
cent; rays ‘‘white.”’
2. Aster jalapensis Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 572. 1900.
Veracruz; type from Barranca de Chavyarrillo.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent, decumbent at base, about 25 em. high, hirsute in
lines; leaves narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, 3 to 10 mm. wide, narrowed into
a petioliform base, few-serrulate, hirsute-ciliate toward base; heads few, about
1 cm. wide; involucre graduate, the linear obtusish phyllaries slightly ciliate,
appressed; rays white.
3. Aster bullatus Klatt, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 359. 1894.
Mexico; type from ‘‘Inquila.”” Guatemala.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent, decumbent at base, about 35 em. high, hirsutulous
above in lines; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 5 to 8 mm. wide, narrowed
to a petioliform, hirsute-ciliate base, sharply serrulate above; heads panicled,
about 1.5 em. wide.
4, Aster palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 209. 1882.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosf. Texas; type from Corpus Christi Bay.
Frutescent, up to 1.3 meters high, somewhat viscid, much branched; leaves
linear, 2 em. long or less, 1.5 mm. wide or less, thick, 1-nerved, entire; heads
solitary at tips of bracteate peduncles, turbinate, 7 to 11 mm. wide; involucre
about 5-seriate, graduate, the oblong, obtuse or acutish phyllaries indurate,
appressed, with scarious lacerate margins and obscurely greenish, granular-
viscid apex; rays 8 to 10, short, white. Plant with the aspect of a Baccharis.
5. Aster carnosus A. Gray, Syn. FI. 12: 202. 1884.
Linosyris ? carnosa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 80. 1853.
Bigelovia intricata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 208. 1882.
Leucosyris carnosa Greene, Fl. Franc. 384. 1897.
California and Nevada to Arizona; type from west of the Chiricahua
Mountains, Arizona. Apparently not yet collected within the limits of Mexico.
Rigidly much branched, frutescent, 1 meter high or less, pale and glaucescent;
leaves linear, fleshy, mostly 1 em. long or less, nerveless, the upper reduced to
scales; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, graduate, the linear, cuspidate-acute or acumin-
ate phyllaries appressed, without herbaceous tips.
1498 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
6. Aster spinosus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 20. 1839.
Leucosyris spinosa Greene, Pittonia 3: 244. 1897.
Aster spinosus spinossisimus T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 375.
1917.
Baja California and northern Mexico to Oaxaca; type from Aguascalientes.
Texas to Arizona and California; Guatemala, Costa Rica.
Woody below, up to 2.5 meters high, much branched; stem and branches
striate-angled, usually bearing stout, subterete or flattened, axillary or supra-
axillary spines up to 5 em. long; leaves subulate to linear, 4 cm. long or usually
much less, deciduous; heads 1 to 1.5 em. wide, solitary at tips of branchlets;
involucre 3 to 5 mm. high, of lanceolate narrowly thin-margined phyllaries;
rays white; achenes glabrous.
7. Aster frutescens 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 55. 1889.
Central western Baw California and adjacent islands; type from Los Angeles
Bay.
Shrub about 90 em. high, white-barked; young parts hirtellous-glandular;
leaves sessile. 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, 5 to 12 mm. wide, repandly spiny-toothed,
sessile; heads 1.5 to 2 em. wide, solitary at tips of branchlets; involucre 7 to 10
mm. high, graduate, of lanceolate glandular phyllaries with attenuate greenish
tips; rays lilac.
8. Aster leucelene Blake in Tidestrom, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 25: 562. 1925.
Inula ericoides Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 212. 1828. Not Aster ericoides L. 1753.
Aster ericaefolius Rothr. Bot. Gaz. 2: 70. 1877. Not A. ericaefolius Forsk.
1775.
Aster ericaefolius tenuis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 17: 198. 1884.
Leucelene ericoides Greene, Pittonia 3: 148. 1896.
Chihuahua to San Luis Potosi. Kansas to Texas and Utah; type collected
‘‘on the Canadian’’?
Slender, many-stemmed, suffruticulose, the stem strigose; lowest leaves usually
spatulate, strigose and often hirtellous-ciliate, the upper subulate to linear, 2 to
10 mm. long; heads about 1.5 em. wide; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, graduate,
the appressed, linear or linear-lanceolate phyllaries acute, scarious-margined,
strigose to subglabrous; rays white, often turning purplish red.
28. ERIGERON L. Sp. Pl. 863. 1753.
Characters of Aster, but involucre obscurely or not at all graduate, rays usually
more numerous and narrow, and style branches with short obtuse tips.
The English names ‘“‘fleabane” and ‘“‘daisy”’ are frequently applied to the
species of this genus occurring in the United States.
Rays 1 to 1.5 mm. long; involucre 2 to 3 mm. high_-___-____- 1. E. socorrensis.
Rays 3 to 6 mm. long; involucre 3 to 5 mm. high.
Involucre finely glandular-puberulous, otherwise essentially glabrous.
2. E. exilis.
Involuere sparsely or densely strigose or hirsute, sometimes also glandular-
puberulous.
Stem and peduncles pubescent with spreading or reflexed hairs.
3. E. calcicola.
Stem and peduncles strigose or pubescent with ascending hairs.
Involucre more or less densely glandular-puberulous as well as hirsute.
4. E. ervendbergii.
Involucre sparsely or densely strigose or strigillose, not glandular-
puberulous. Sees eo as hs ee ee mee oe 5. E. karvinskianus.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1499
1. Erigeron socorrensis T. S. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 4. 1899.
Socorro and San Benedicto Islands, Baja California; type from Socorro
Island.
Frutescent, hirsutulous; leaves crowded, linear-oblanceolate to obovate,
2.5 to 7 em. long, 3 to 15 mm. wide, entire, crenate, serrate, or few-lobed, thickish,
narrowed into a petioliform base; heads tiny, white, in terminal panicles; in-
volucre hirsutulous, slightly graduate.
2. Erigeron exilis A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 422. 1887.
Jalisco; type from Rfo Blanco.
Suffruticulose, slender, about 25 cm. high, granular-puberulous, at least above,
and somewhat hirsute or strigillose; leaves linear-oblanceolate, 1 to 2.5 cm.
long, 1 to 2.5 mm. wide, acute, entire; heads white, 1.5 em. wide, solitary at tips
of branchlets; phyllaries somewhat graduate, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, the
inner usually purplish above and subscarious.
3. Erigeron calcicola Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 256. 1905.
Coahuila to Hidalgo; type from Tula, Hidalgo.
Suffruticulose, 15 to 30 em. high; leaves oblanceolate to spatulate-linear, 2.5
em. long or less, 1 to 5 mm. wide, entire or the lower few-toothed; heads long-
pedunculate, 1.5 to 2 em. wide; phyllaries hirsutulous; rays white or purple-
tinged; pappus double.
4. Erigeron ervendbergii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 650. 1873.
San Luis Potosi to Puebla and Veracruz; type from Wartenberg, Veracruz.
Suffruticulose, decumbent at base, with several slender stems, about 30 cm.
high; leaves linear to oblanceolate, usually 2.5 em. long or less, the lower some-
times 6 cm. long, coarsely few-toothed, narrowed into a slender petiole; heads
long-peduncled, 2 em. wide; involucre subequal; rays purplish-tinged; pappus
double.
5. Erigeron karvinskianus DC. Prodr. 5: 285. 1836.
Erigeron mucronatus DC. Prodr. 5: 285. 1836.
Erigeron trilobus Sonder, Hamb. Gart. Zeit. 12: 78. 1856, excluding synonym.
Erigeron karvinskianus mucronatus Hieron. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 28: 585. 1901.
Vitiadinia triloba Auct., not DC.
San Luis Potosi to Chiapas. Guatemala; South America.
Suffruticulose, slender, decumbent, 60 em. long or less; lower leaves usually
cuneate or obovate, few-toothed or lobed, 3 em. long or less, mucronate, the upper
or sometimes all linear-lanceolate, entire; heads long-peduncled, 2 em. wide;
involucre subequal, the linear acuminate phyllaries usually. sparsely strigose;
rays white or purplish-tinged; pappus double.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ERIGERON DIPLOPAPPOIDES Schauer, Linnaea 19: 722. 1847.
29. BACCHARIS L. Sp. Pi. 860. 1753.
Shrubs, rarely only suffrutescent, dioecious; leaves alternate, entire or toothed;
heads small or medium, discoid, whitish, eymose or panicled, rarely subsolitary;
involucre graduate, the phyllaries dry, sometimes with green midrib, narrowly
scarious-margined; receptacle naked, very rarely paleaceous; pistillate heads
with tubular-filiform corollas; staminate heads with the flowers hermaphrodite
but sterile, with tubular 5-toothed corollas; achenes small, 5 to 10-nerved;
pistillate pappus of soft capillary bristles, 1 to several-seriate, persistent; stamin-
ate pappus stiffer, the bristles often somewhat dilated above.—The descriptions
of achenes and pappus in the following treatment refer only to the pistillate heads.
1500 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
The name ‘‘chamicillo”’ is reported for a Mexican species of uncertain specific
position. Baccharis coridifolia DC. of South America is notorious as being poi-
sonous to sheep and cattle. An alkaloid, baccharine, has been separated from it.
B. halimifolia L., of the United States, is used in domestic medicine as a remedy
for affections of the respiratory system, like some of the Mexican species.
Leaves closely serrulate or serrate (teeth 5 to 10 per ecm.).
Heads in long spikelike or raceme-like panicles on the branches.
3. B. ramulosa.
Heads in rounded terminal cymose panicles.
Stem and branches glabrous or merely glandular-granular.
Leaves linear to narrowly oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate.
22. B. thesioides.
Leaves lanceolate (distinctly broadest near the base) to cuneate-oblong or
oval.
Leaves lanceolate, acuminate; pistillate heads tiny, about 3 mm. high.
21. B. alamosana.
Leaves cuneate-oblong or cuneate to oval.
Leaves regularly oval or oblong-oval, finely toothed__19. B. elegans.
Leaves cuneate or cuneate-oblong, rather coarsely toothed.
20. B. bigelovii.
Stem and branches sordid-pubescent or sordid-puberulous.
Phyllaries (of both staminate and pistillate heads) with green, densely
and sordidly glandular-puberulous midline and densely arachnoid-
CUAL MATOS 2225224 oe teen 2 oo eee beg 23. B. sordescens.
Phyllaries not densely arachnoid-ciliate, often subglabrous.
Phyllaries rather densely ciliate, often purplish; staminate heads 4 to
6 mm. high; pistillate heads in fruit 7 to 10 mm. high.
24. B. multifiora.
Phyllaries obscurely ciliate, not purplish; staminate heads 3 to 4 mm.
high; pistillate heads in fruit 5 to 6 mm. high __25. B. serraefolia.
Leaves entire to serrate, the teeth remote (1 to 3 per cm.).
Leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate to elliptic-ovate, triplinerved, 5 to
10 em. long.
Heads few (about 3), long-peduncled ____-_-__-__________- 17. B. squarrosa.
Heads numerous, panicled or cymose.
Leaves elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or oval, entire, strongly triplinerved;
branches usually sordid-pubescent or puberulous__27. B. trinervis.
Leaves lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, or narrowly oblanceolate, nearly
always toothed; branches glabrous or merely glandular-granular.
Leaves chiefly oblanceolate, not acuminate, irregularly few-toothed
above; pappus at maturity about 1 cm. long__-_-__-_ 4. B. neglecta.
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, usually regularly
serrate or serrulate; pappus at maturity about 4 mm. long.
26. B. glutinosa.
Leaves linear to cuneate, oblanceolate, or obovate, usually 1-nerved and less
than 5 cm. long, sometimes longer.
Leaves cuneate to broadly oblanceolate or obovate, less than five times as
long as wide.
Heads large, 8 to 12 mm. high, solitary at tips of short, very leafy branches,
these often arranged in long virgate racemes.
Larger leaves cuneate-oblanceolate, sharply serrate or serrulate.
3. B. ramulosa.
Larger leaves oblanceolate, entire_.._._._------- 13. B. macrocephala
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1501
Heads (at least the staminate) smaller, several to many, glomerulate or
panicled, rarely solitary at tips of branchlets, these arranged in
virgate racemes on the branches.
Heads solitary at tips of short branchlets, these arranged in virgate
ragenies.on the branches: ' + .2.)5. 2). 44.544 se 3. B. ramulosa.
Heads otherwise.
Heads panicled, very numerous, usually not overtopped by the
leaves.
Pappus about 1 em. long; receptacle naked________ 5. B. emoryi.
Pappus about 3 mm. long; pistillate receptacle paleaceous.
11. B. sergiloides.
Heads glomerulate at tips of branches or on short subterminal axil-
lary peduncles, usually overtopped by the leaves; pappus in
fruit 6 mm. long or less.
Leaves broadly cuneate or rhombic, 3 to 5-toothed, rarely entire,
24cm, lon Pion] essere a Pe ee 7. B. conferta.
Leaves elliptic, oval, obovate, or oblanceolate, the larger usually
more than 2 cm. long.
Leaves oblanceolate to cuneate-obovate, toothed or entire.
8. B. heterophylla.
Leaves elliptic or oval, entire.
Leaves 1.5 to 2.5 em. long;§lateral veins obsolete.
9. B. vaccinioides.
Leaves 3 to 6 cm. long; lateral'veins finely prominulous beneath.
10. B. lancifolia.
Leaves linear to narrowly oblanceolate, more than five times as long as wide.
Heads solitary at tips of densely foliose or bracteate branchlets, these
sometimes paniculately arranged.
Larger leaves,sharplytoothed!s 42.044. 302 ae 3. B. ramulosa.
Larger leaves entire.
Floriferous branchlets covered with linear-oblanceolate or linear-
spatulate leaves 1 mm. wide or less; staminate heads 3 to 5 mm.
hick: $9.8 20.9F 2M. ont yt ee ee ake ME 12. B. ramifiora.
Floriferous branchlets densely crowded with elliptic or oblanceolate
leaves 2 to 4 mm. wide; staminate heads 8 to 10 mm. thick.
13. B. macrocephala.
Heads usually paniculate or cymose, if solitary at tips of branches then
on nearly or quite naked peduncles.
Heads very numerous, in often elongate leafy panicles; pappus in
fruit about 1 em. long; leaves linear-oblanceolate to cuneate-
oblanceolate, usually coarsely toothed.
Main stem leaves linear-oblanceolate or narrowly oblanceolate,
mostly: l-nervedisnt 5. - 5 = ee ee aoe ee 4. B. neglecta.
Main stem leaves cuneate-oblanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate,
mostly. triplinerved =<: 22 eat eee ee 5. B. emoryi.
Heads solitary at tips of nearly naked branchlets or few and long-
peduncled, or in nearly naked cymes or panicles.
Heads 1 to 3, long-peduncled at tip of the subsimple stems.
17. B. squarrosa.
Heads several to very many; stems usually much branched.
Plants finely and densely hirtellous or puberulous.
18. B. brachyphylla.
1502 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Plants glabrous or glandular-granular.
Stems broomlike, at flowering time usually essentially naked or
with minute scale-like leaves; plants fastigiately much
branched.
Pappus in fruit about 12 mm. long_---_- 6. B. sarothroides.
Pappus in fruit 3mm. long-=......-227 11. B. sergiloides.
Stems not broomlike, normally leafy; plants rarely fastigiate-
branched.
Heads mostly in clusters of 3 to 5 at tips of branches, short-
pediceled; leaves chiefly oblanceolate or elliptic-oblong,
entire, the larger about 2.5 cm. long, 7 mm. wide.
14. B. palmeri.
Heads solitary at tips of branches or cymose-panicled; leaves
chiefly linear or very narrowly linear-oblanceolate.
Heads several or numerous, loosely or rarely rather densely
cymose-panicled; pappus 4 to 8 mm. long.
Pistillate heads 6 to 7 mm. high, their pedicels 2.3 em.
long or less; pappus 4 mm. long; plant suffrutescent.
15. B. potosina.
Pistillate heads 9 to 10 mm. high, their pedicels 1.5 to
7 cm. long; pappus 7 mm. long; plants herbaceous
nearly throughout___-_-__-____- 16. B. occidentalis.
Heads solitary at tips of the numerous branches; stems
usually less than 60 em. high; pappus 10 to 15 mm.
long.
Stems much branched throughout, the leaves scattered,
the lower oblanceolate, the upper reduced.
1. B. wrightii.
Stems simple or subsimple at least below, densely leafy
throughout, the leaves linear or linear-oblanceolate.
2. B. texana.
1. Baccharis wrightii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 101. 1852.
Baccharis wrightit pyrrhopappa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 84. 1853.
Chihuahua and Durango. Kansas to Texas and Arizona; type from Valley of
the Limpio, western Texas.
Herbaceous from a suffrutescent base, 50 cm. high or less, glabrous, pale green,
the stems striate, much branched, sparsely leafy above; lower leaves oblanceolate,
entire, 2 cm. long or less, the upper chiefly linear-subulate; invulucre 7 to 12 mm.
high, the phyllaries with conspicuous greenish center, acute or acuminate;
achenes 8 to 10-nerved, glandular-scabridulous; pappus rufescent, 1 em. long or
more.
2. Baccharis texana (Torr. & Gray) A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4:
75. 1849.
Linosyris texrana Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 232. 1842.
Tamaulipas. Texas; type from Texas.
Stems several, mostly herbaceous from a suffrutescent base, nearly simple,
leafy throughout; leaves linear to narrowly linear-oblanceolate, the larger 2 to
4.8 cm. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide, 1-nerved, wavy-margined; involucre 4 to 8 mm.
long, the phyllaries with greenish midline; achenes about 8-nerved, glandular-
seabridulous; pappus rufescent, 1 cm. long or more.
3. Baccharis ramulosa (DC.) A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 301. 1854.
Aplopappus ramulosus DC. Prodr. 5: 350. 1836.
Baccharis pteronioides DC. Prodr. 5: 410. 1836.
Linosyris ramulosa A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 80. 1853.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1503
Baccharis fasciculata Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 91. 1884, nomen nudum.
Chihuahua and Tamaulipas to Puebla; type from Tlapuajahua. New Mexico
and Arizona.
Diffusely branched, low shrub, glandular-roughened, white-barked ; larger
leaves cuneate-oblanceolate, about 1.5 em. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, sharply serru-
late or serrate-dentate, chiefly deciduous at flowering time, those of the branches
fascicled, linear or linear-oblanceolate, mostly entire and 5 mm. long or less;
involucre 3 to 6 mm. high, the phyllaries with greenish midline; achnes about
8-nerved, glandular-scabridulous; pappus somewhat straw-colored, 8 to 10 mm.
long. “‘Hierba del pasmo”’ (Coahuila) ; “popotillo”’ (Nayarit); ‘‘boshi” (Otomf,
Urbina) ; “‘jaral blanco,” ‘‘tepopote”’ (Jalisco); ‘‘tepopotl”” (Nahuatl).
In Coahuila the dried and powdered plant is employed as a dressing for sores.
4. Baccharis neglecta Britton in Britt. & Brown, Ilustr. Fl. 3: 394. f. 3835.
1898.
Baccharis angustifolia A. Gray, Journ. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 6: 224. 1850.
Not B. angustifolia Michx. 1803.
Chihuahua to Coahuila and Durango. Nebraska to Texas.
Shrubby, about 1 meter high, glandular-glutinous, with numerous erect or
ascending, striate, leafy branches; leaves linear to oblanceolate, the larger 4 to
8 em. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide, coarsely few-toothed or entire, weakly triplinerved;
heads very numerous, in usually broad leafy panicles; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high;
achenes about 8-nerved, glabrous; pappus brownish-tinged, 1 em. long. “ Jarilla
comtn,” “jarilla del rfo’’ (Durango).
5. Baccharis emoryi A. Gray in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 83. 1852.
Northern Mexico (according to Hemsley). Utah to California and Arizona;
type from the Gila River, Arizona.
Glutinous shrub, up to 4.5 meters high; leaves oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic,
2 to 6.5 em. long, 3 to 18 mm. wide, coarsely few-toothed or entire, triplinerved;
involucre 4 to 8 mm. long; achenes glabrous, about 8-nerved; pappus brownish
white, about 1 em. long.
6. Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 211. 1882.
Sonora, Sinaloa, and Baja California and its islands. California; type from
San Diego County.
Glutinous shrub, up to 4.5 meters high, with densely fastigiate, striate-angled
branchlets; larger leaves linear, 2 cm. long or less, entire, deciduous, those of the
branchlets minute, scale-like; involucre 2 (staminate) to 8 mm. high; achenes
glabrous, about S-nerved; pappus brownish-tinged, about 1 cm. long. ‘‘Hierba
del pasmo”’ (Baja California).
The twigs are chewed as a remedy for toothache (Palmer).
7. Baccharis conferta H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 55. 1820.
Baccharis xalapensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 56. 1820.
Baccharis philippensis Less. in Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 147. 1830. Not
B. philipensis H. B. K. 1820.
Baccharis cuneata DC. Prodr. 5: 408. 1836.
?Baccharis orizabaensis Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 130.
1881, nomen nudum.
San Luis Potosf to Puebla and Veracruz; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Much-branched glutinous shrub, up to 2 meters high, very leafy; leaves cuneate
or rhombic-cuneate, 1 to 2 cm. long, 4 to 15 mm. wide, usually 3 or 5-dentate,
rarely entire, 1-nerved; heads subsessile in close clusters 1 to 2.5 em. wide at tips
of branches; involucre 3 mm. high; achenes glabrous, about 10-nerved, the brown-
ish-tinged pappus about 5 mm. long. ‘‘Escobilla’’ (Morelos) ; ““tepopote”’
(Urbina); ‘“‘escoba del monte”, (Veracruz); ‘‘hierba del carbonero”’ (Valley of
Mexico).
57020—26——13
1504 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
8. Baccharis heterophylla H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 62. 1820.
San Luis Potosi and Tepic to Oaxaca and Yucatdn; type from Guanajuato.
Guatemala.
Much-branched glutinous shrub, 0.6 to 2.5 meters high, densely leafy; leaves
oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate to cuneate-obovate, mostly 2 to 5.5 cm.
long, 3 to 20 mm. wide, few-toothed or sometimes entire, 1-nerved or faintly
triplinerved; other characters as in B. conferta. ‘‘Jara’’ (Langlassé); ‘‘esco-
billa’’ (Valley of Mexico).
9. Baccharis vaccinioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 50. 1820.
Southern Mexico; type from Mordn. Guatemala.
Similar to B. heterophylla; leaves elliptic or oval, 1 to 2.5 em. long, 6 to 10 mm.
wide, acute, entire or ‘‘rarely 1-toothed on each side,” 1-nerved.
10. Baccharis lancifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 266. 1834.
Veracruz and Puebla; type from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Similar to B. vaccinioides; leaves elliptic, 3.5 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide,
l-nerved. ‘‘Mesté’’ (Chiapas, Seler).
11. Baccharis sergiloides A. Gray in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 83. 1859.
Sonora. California and Nevada to Arizona; type from the Gila or Colorado
River, Arizona.
Suffrutescent, glutinous, up to 1.6 meters high, the very numerous erect
branches strongly striate-angled; larger leaves cuneate or cuneate-obovate, about
2.5 em. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide, entire, somewhat venose, mostly deciduous, those
of the branchlets mostly linear or seale-like; heads very numerous, naked-panicu-
late; achenes glabrous, 10-nerved; pappus about 3 mm. long; receptacle pale-
aceous, at least in the pistillate heads.
12. Baccharis ramifiora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 33. 1879.
Baccharis ramiflora squarrulosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 33. 1879.
San Luis Potosi.
Glutinous shrub, 1 meter high or less; stem leaves oblanceolate or linear-
oblanceolate, 1.8 to 7.5 em. long (including the petioliform base), 2 to 5 mm.
wide, entire, obscurely triplinerved, those of the branchlets chiefly narrowly
linear-spatulate, crowded; branchlets 1-headed, sometimes racemosely arranged on
the branches; involucre 3 to 6 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse or acutish; achenes
8-nerved, obscurely glandular-scabridulous; pappus brownish-tinged, 5 mm.
long.
13. Baccharis macrocephala Schultz Bip.; Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 35:
575. 1899.
Distrito Federal to Veracruz; type from Veracruz.
Glutinous shrub, about 60 em. high; stem leaves oblanceolate or elliptic, 2 to
3 em. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, with usually reflexed apex, 1-nerved, entire, decidu-
ous, those of the flowering branchlets smaller, densely crowded; branchlets
* monocephalous, virgately arranged; heads subglobose, 9 to 14 mm. high, 10 to
17 mm. thick; achenes 8-nerved, somewhat glandular; pappus 1 cm. long, slightly
exceeding the styles.
14. Baccharis palmeri Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 259. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, vicinity of Durango, Durango.
Suffruticose, 20 to 30 cm. high, several-stemmed, glandular-viscid, very leafy;
larger leaves oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 1.5 to 2.8 em. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide,
1-nerved or weakly triplinerved, entire; heads in clusters of 3 to 5 at tips of branch-
lets, short-pediceled or subsessile; involucre about 3-seriate, 6 to 7 mm. long,
the phyllaries acute; achenes essentially glabrous, about 8-nerved; pappus 12 mm.
long.
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO _ 1505
15. Baccharis potosina A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 33. 1879.
Coahuila and San Luis Potosf; type from San Luis Potosi.
Suffrutescent, glutinous, much branched, 50 cm. high or more, the slender erect
branches striate; leaves linear to narrowly linear-oblanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
2 to 4.5 em. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide, 1-nerved, acute or acuminate, entire or some-
times with a few small acute teeth above; heads from solitary at tips of the
numerous branches to loosely cymose-panicled or rather closely panicled, always
rather numerous, 3 to 7 mm. high; achenes 5-nerved, glabrous; pappus 4 mm.
long.
16. Baccharis occidentalis Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 595. 1924.
Tepic and Jalisco; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Stems numerous, 60 to 80 cm. high, slender, junciform, glabrous, striate, not
distinctly viscid, herbaceous almost throughout; leaves chiefly below the middle
of stem, linear to very narrowly linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 2.5 to 5 em.
long, 1.5 to 4 mm. wide, entire or with a few slender acute teeth above, weakly
triplinerved; achenes glandular, 5-nerved; pappus about 7 mm. long.
17. Baccharis squarrosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 67. 1820.
Baccharis seemanni A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 33. 1879.
Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico, Guanajuato, and San Luis Potosi; type
collected near Guanajuato.
Stems subsimple, about 40 cm. high, striate, somewhat glutinous, herbaceous
nearly to base; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, 2 to 5.5 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm.
wide, entire, weakly triplinerved; heads 1 to 4, 1 to 1.2 cm. high, long-peduncled;
involucre 7 to 9 mm. high, the phyllaries with broad green midline; achenes
glandular, 5-ribbed; pappus (immature) 7 mm. long, scarcely exceeding the styles.
18. Baccharis brachyphylla A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 83. 1853.
Sonora. California and Arizona; type collected between Conde’s Camp and
the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona.
Suffrutescent, 1 meter high or less, much branched, densely and finely puberu-
lous; leaves linear or oblong-linear, entire, 1.5 cm. long or less; heads numerous,
in rather open panicles; involucre 3 to 6 mm. high; achenes 5-nerved, glandular-
pilosulous; pappus about 7 mm. long.
19. Baccharis elegans H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 60. pl. 324. 1820.
Baccharis oligantha Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 91. 1884, as synonym.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type locality unknown.
Glutinous shrub 1 meter high or less; leaves oval or oblong, 1.3 to 3 em. long,
6 to 18 mm. wide, short-petioled, closely sharp-serrate or serrulate, veiny, barely
triplinerved; panicles rounded, many-headed; involucre 2.5 to 5 mm. high;
achenes 5-nerved, essentially glabrous; pappus 5 mm. long.
20. Baccharis bigelovii A. Gray in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 84. 1859.
Sonora to Coahuila; type from Puerto de Paysano, Sonora. Texas and New
Mexico.
Similar to B. elegans; leaves cuneate or cuneate-oblong to oblong-oblanceolate,
1.5 to 3.5 em. long, 4 to 15 mm. wide, 1-nerved or obscurely triplinerved, not
venose, rather coarsely toothed.
21. Baccharis alamosana Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 595. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Alamos, Sonora.
Frutescent, somewhat glutinous, slender, 40 cm. high and more; leaves lance-
olate, 1.8 to 3.5 cm. Jong, 4 to 9 mm. wide, petioled, finely serrulate, acuminate;
pistillate heads tiny, in small cymose panicles; involucre about 2.5 mm. high;
achenes 5-angled, glabrous; pappus 2.5 mm. long.
1506 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
22. Baccharis thesioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 61. 1820.
Baccharis ptarmicaefolia DC. Prodr. 5: 419. 1836.
Baccharis suleata DC. Prodr. 5: 419. 1836.
Sonora to Jalisco and Mexico; type from Santa Rosa (Guanajuato?). Arizona
and New Mexico.
Shrubby, scarcely glutinous, 2 meters high or less; leaves linear to narrowly
oblanceolate, 2 to 8.5 em. long, 1.5 to 8 mm. wide, usually acute, closely sharp-
serrulate, l-nerved or weakly triplinerved; heads 4 to 6 mm. high, numerous in
rounded panicles; achenes 5-nerved, glabrous or glandular; pappus about 3.5 mm.
long.
23. Baccharis sordescens DC. Prodr. 5: 405. 1836.
San Luis Potosi to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrub, up to 3 meters high, densely sordid-tomentulose or puberulous; leaves
oblong, elliptic-oblong, or elliptic, 1.5 to 5.5 em. long, 5 to 18 mm. wide, closely
sharp-serrulate, triplinerved, usually obtuse; panicles rounded, many-headed;
involucre 4 to 7 mm. high, strongly graduate, the obtuse green-centered phyllaries
densely arachnoid-pilose-ciliate, more or less glandular and tomentulose; achenes
5-nerved, subglabrous; pappus whitish, 6 mm. long.
24. Baccharis multifiora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 59. 1820.
State of Mexico to Chiapas; type from Tianguillo and Toluca, State of Mexico.
Shrub, up to 3 meters high, rufescent or sordid-tomentulose at least on the
younger parts; leaves elliptic to obovate, 2 to 9 em. long, 0.8 to 3 em. wide, closely
sharp-serrulate, scarcely triplinerved; panicles rounded; achenes and pappus as
in B. sordescens. ‘‘Hierba del carbonero,’’ ‘‘hierbabuena del carbonero,”’ ‘‘esco-
billa,’’‘‘tepopote,”’ ‘‘tepopotl,’’ “‘limpia-tuna”’ (Valley of Mexico).
An infusion of the leaves is much used in the Valley of Mexico as a remedy for
nasal ecatarrh.
25. Baccharis serraefolia DC. Prodr. 5: 403. 1836.
?Baccharis parviflora Less. in Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 146. 1830.
Durango to Veracruz; type from Santa Rosa and Los Ioares, Guanajuato.
Guatemala.
Similar to B. multiflora; heads smaller; phyllaries obscurely ciliate; pappus
4 mm. long.
26. Baccharis glutinosa Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 425. 1807.
Molina viscosa Ruiz & Pav. Syst. Veg. Peruv. Chil. 207. 1798. Not Baccharis
viscosa Lam. 1783.
Baccharis farinosa Spreng. in Ersch & Gruber, Allg. Eneyel. 7: 27. 1821.
Baccharis coerulescens DC. Prodr. 5: 402. 1836.
Baccharis alamani DC. Prodr. 5: 402. 1836.
Baccharis longifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 402. 1836.
Sonora to Tamaulipas, south to Oaxaca; Baja California. California to Colo-
rado and Texas; central and western South America; type from South America.
Woody below, glutinous, up to 4 meters high, very leafy; leaves linear to lance-
olate, 5 to 12 cm. long, 4 to 18 mm. wide, acuminate at each end, usually remotely
but regularly serrate or serratulate, sometimes entire, somewhat triplinerved;
panicles terminal, rounded, many-headed; involucre stramineous, 3 to 5 mm.
high; achenes 5-angled; pappus whitish, about 4mm. long. ‘‘Jarilla’’ (Sinaloa,
Chihuahua); ‘“‘jara’’ (Guanajuato, Texas); ‘‘hierba del carbonero’”’ (Valley of
Mexico); ‘‘jaral’”’ (Tamaulipas, Guanajuato); ‘“‘jarilla comin,” ‘‘jarilla del rio”’
(Durango); “‘jara dulce’’ (Texas); ‘“‘chilea,’”’ “sauce”? (El Salvador).
This species is a common shrub along river valleys in the drier parts of Mexico,
often forming dense and extensive thickets. The branches are employed for
covering the rafters of houses before the tiles or thatch are placed upon them.
A decoction of the leaves is used as an eye wash, and the leaves are applied as
poultices to sores. The branches are often utilized for making coarse brooms.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1507
27. Baccharis trinervis (Lam.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 423. 1807.
?Conyza trinervia Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Conyza no. i2. 1768.
Conyza trinervis Lam. Eneycl. 2: 85. 1786.
Veracruz. Central and South Ameriea; type from Brazil.
Shrubby, about 4 meters high, subscandent, the stem striate-angled, glabrous;
leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic to lance-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, the larger 5 to
§.5 em. long, 1.5 to 3.5 cm. wide, entire, acute or acuminate, strongly triplinerved;
panicles terminating stem and branches, rounded er narrow, many-headed;
involucre about 4 mm. high; achenes 5-nerved, sparsely hispidulous; pappus
brownish-tinged, 4 mm. long. ‘‘Canutillo,” ‘‘hierba de Santo Domingo’’
(El Salvador).
27a. Baccharis trinervis rhexioides (H. B. K.) Baker in Mart. Fl Bras. 6?:
78. 1882.
Baccharis rhexioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 66. 1820.
Baccharis trichoclada DC. Prodr. 5: 400. 1836.
San Luis Potos{ and Tepic to Tabasco and Chiapas. Central and South
America; type from Montan, Peru.
Stem and sometimes veins of lower leaf surface more or less densely sordid-
tomentulose or puberulous; otherwise as in the typical form. ‘‘ Barba fina’’
(Guatemala); ‘‘tapabarranco”’ (El Salvador); ‘‘Santo Domingo” (Costa Rica) ;
“huichin prieto’”’ (San Luis Potosi, Seler).
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
BACCHARIS ASPERULA Schauer, Linnaea 19: 725. 1847. Said to be allied to
B. xalapensis H. B. K.; the type is Aschenborn 464, from Zimapan, Hidalgo.
BaAccHARIS LINIFOLIA DC. Prodr. 5: 420. 1836. Based on specimens collected
by Haenke at Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
BAcCHARIS POLYGALAEFOLIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 49. 1820. Based
on specimens collected at Moran, Mexico, and in the Andes of Popaydan,
Colombia.
BaccHARIS SPATHULATA Schauer, Linnaea 19: 724. 1847. Collected in Mexico,
without definite locality, by Aschenborn (no. 107). Said to be near B. poiy-
galaefolia H. B. K.
BACCHARIS TRICHOTOMA Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 91. 1884. Based on material
collected in Mexico by Liebmann.
30. ARCHIBACCHARIS Heering, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. 21: Beih. 3:
40. 1904.
REFERENCE: Blake, Hemibaccharis, a new genus of Baccharidinae, Contr.
U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 543-554. pl. 48-51. 1924.
Characters of Baccharis, but plants polygamo-dioecious; staminate plese as
in Baccharis; pistillate heads with 1 to 15 central hermaphrodite sterile flowers.
Leaves amplexicaul; heads larger, the pistillate 10 mm. high, the staminate 5
to 8 mm. high.
Stem densely pubescent with spreading gland-tipped hairs___.1. A. oaxacana.
Stem not glandular-pubescents ooo se = a2) as ae seem sae 2. A. pringiei.
Leaves not amplexicaul; heads smaller, not over 5.5 mm. high.
Plants scandent or subscandent, the branches usually conspicuously zigzag;
heads in usually small rounded panicles terminating the numerous wide-
spreading branchlets.
Heads tiny, 2 to 3.5 mm. high; leaves chiefly ovate or elliptic.
8S. A. hirtella.
Heads 4 to 5.5 mm. high; leaves chiefly oval or oval-ovate __4. A. torquis.
1508 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Plants erect, not scandent, the branches straight; heads in large terminal
panicles.
Stem densely cinereous- or griseous-puberulous or hirtellous, sometimes
tomentose ee ee AO SE ete a Ps ee oe 5. A. mucronata.
Stem glabrous or essentially so, at least below, and often glaucous, rarely
sparsely arachnoid.
Leaves oval or ovate-oval, the larger 3 to 6 cm. wide__8. A. sescenticeps.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate to elliptic or oblong, the larger 1 to 3.5 em.
wide.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, glabrous_________-_-_-_- 7. A. androgyna.
Leaves chiefly elliptic, pubescent at least on the veins beneath.
8. A. asperifolia.
1. Archibaccharis oazxacana (Greenm.) Blake.
Baccharis oaxacana Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 37. 1904.
Hemibaccharis oaxacana Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 546. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca.
Suffrutescent at the procumbent base, 20 to 50 cm. high; leaves chiefly obovate
or oval, 4 to 8 em. long, 1.5 to 3.5 em. wide, including the rather abruptly con-
tracted, petioliform, marginate and amplexicaul basal portion, shallowly mucron-
ate-dentate; heads few in a terminal cymose panicle, the pistillate 1 em. high,
the staminate about 8 mm. high.
2. Archibaccharis pringlei (Greenm.) Blake.
Baccharis pringlet Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 225. 1905.
Hemibaccharis pringlet Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 20: 547. pl. 48. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca.
Similar to B. oaxacana; leaves ovate, 4 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 5.5 em. wide;
inflorescence a terminal many-headed panicle; staminate heads 5 mm. high;
pistillate heads unknown.
8. Archibaccharis hirtella (DC.) Heering, Jahrb. Hamb. Wiss. Anst. 21:
Beih. 3: 41. 1904. ;
Baccharis scandens Less. Linnaea 5: 146. 1830. Not B. scandens Pers. 1807.
Baccharis hirtella DC. Prodr. 5: 418. 1836.
Baccharis schiedeana Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd.
1852: 83. 1852.
Baccharis thomasii Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 326. 1882.
Hemibaccharis hirtella Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 549. 1924.
Tepic to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Guatemala.
Suffrutescent, scandent, up to 5 meters high; stem slender, sordidly glandular-
puberulous or sometimes sordid-pilose; leaves short-petioled, the blades 2 to 6.5
cm. long, 1 to 2.5 em. wide, acuminate, serrulate, pubescent or puberulous at
least beneath.
4. Archibaccharis torquis Blake.
Hemibaccharis torquis Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 550. pl. 51. 1924.
Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Costa Rica; type from San José, Costa
Rica.
_ Stouter than A. hirtella; leaves oval or oval-ovate, the blades 3 to 8 cm. long,
1.8 to 5 cm. wide, acute; panicles and heads larger.
5. Archibaccharis mucronata (H. B. K.) Blake.
Baccharis mucronata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 60. 1820.
Pluchea floribunda Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 32. 1879.
Hemibaccharis mucronata Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 550. 1924.
Chihuahua to Oaxaca; type collected between Santa Rosa and Los Ioares,
Guanajuato.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1509 -
Suffrutescent below, up to 2.5 meters high; stem densely and harshly griseous-
puberulous; leaves chiefly ovate, petioled, the blades 4 to 11 em. long, 1.5 to 5
em. wide, serrate, very harsh above, puberulous beneath; heads very numerous,
about 4mm. high. ‘“ Hierba del carbonero”’ (Valley of Mexico).
A decoction of the flowers is reported to be used as a remedy for catarrh.,
5a. Archibaccharis mucronata paniculata (Donn. Smith) Blake.
Diplostephium paniculatum Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 23: 8. 1897.
Hemibaccharis mucronata paniculata Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 551.
1924.
Veracruz to Oaxaca and Chiapas. Guatemala; type collected between San
Martin and Todos Santos, Guatemala.
Pubescence soft; lower leaf surface and often the stem densely tomentose.
6. Archibaccharis sescenticeps Blake.
Hemibaccharis sescenticeps Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 552. 1924.
Jalisco to Mexico and Guerrero; type from Mount Ixtaccihuatl, State of
Mexico.
Suffrutescent (?), stout, glabrous and glaucescent below or thinly arachnoid;
leaves petioled, the blades 6 to 13 cm. long, 3 to 6 em. wide, serrate, short-
acuminate, smoothish above; heads 3.5 to 4.5 mm. high.
7. Archibaccharis androgyna (T. 8. Brandeg.) Blake.
Baccharis androgyna T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 77. 1914.
Hemibaccharis androgyna Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 552. 1924.
KKnown only from the type locality, Cerro de Boquerén, Chiapas.
Slender, suffrutescent, glabrous throughout; leaves on short but slender petioles,
the blades narrowly lanceolate, 5.5 to 9.5 em. long, 1 to 1.8 cm. wide, falcate-
attenuate, serrulate; panicles many-headed, terminal, 5 to 8 em. wide; pistillate
heads 3 to 4 mm. high.
8. Archivaccharis asperifolia (Benth.) Blake.
Baccharis asperifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 86. 1841.
Conyza asperifolia Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 126. 1881.
Baccharis scabridula T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 77. 1914.
Hemibaccharis asperifolia Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 552. 1924.
Mexico to Chiapas. Guatemala to Nicaragua; type from Mixco, Guatemala.
Suffrutescent below, up to 3 meters high, essentially glabrous and usually
glaucescent below; leaves chiefly elliptic, 4 to 11 em. long, 1 to 3.5 cm. wide,
acuminate, subentire or serrate; panicles large, with innumerable heads, these
2.5 to 5 mm. high.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
BACCHARIS ELEGANS SEEMANNI Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 303.
1856. This variety, described from the Sierra Madre, may belong in this genus.
The description is very brief, and no specimens have been examined by the
writer.
31. PLUCHEA Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817: 31. 1817.
Shrubby or herbaceous; leaves alternate, entire or toothed; heads disciform,
medium-sized, cymose or cymose-panicled, purplish or whitish; involucre several-
seriate, of dry, often purplish phyllaries; outer flowers pistillate, several-seriate,
with filiform corollas; inner flowers hermaphrodite; anthers sagittate at base, with
caudate auricles; achenes small, 4 or 5-angled; pappus 1-seriate, setose.
Stem winged by the decurrent leaf bases_._______--------------- 1. P. adnata.
Stem wingless.
Leaves narrowly elliptic, silky-pubescent, sessile, 5 cm. long or less.
2. P. sericea.
Leaves broadly elliptic or oval, not silky-pubescent, petioled, 10 cm. long or
FONG) GS lesa ae eye, hel Fe A ih posh Cee bphe! Ae ed eee eee So 3. P. odorata.
1510 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
1. Pluchea adnata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Mohr, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 6: 790.
1901.
Baccharis adnata Humb. & Bonpl.; Willd. Enum. Pl. 2: 870. 1809.
Conyza adnata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 74. 1820.
Pluchea subdecurrens Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 42: 4. 1826.
Sonora to Michoac4n and Puebla. Guatemala; type from ‘‘ America meri-
dionali.”’
Suffrutescent, about 1 meter high, glandular and loosely pilose; leaves linear to
lanceolate, 3.5 to 11 cm. long, 4 to 22 mm. wide, entire to sharply toothed, con-
spicuously decurrent; panicles 4 to 13 em. wide, rounded; heads 4 to 8 mm. thick;
involucre 3 to 5 mm. high; inner phyllaries caudate-attenuate. ‘‘Jara’’ (Micho-
ac4n or Guerrero).
la. Pluchea adnata canescens (A. Gray) Blake.
Pluchea subdecurrens canescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 182. 1861.
Sinaloa to Coahuila, Tamaulipas, and Guerrero; type from Tantoyuca, Vera-
cruz.
Plant more or less densely canescent-tomentose. ‘‘Santa Isabel’’ (Tamauli-
pas).
1b. Pluchea adnata parvifolia (A. Gray) Blake.
Pluchea subdecurrens parvifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 160. 1861.
Southern Baja California; type from vicinity of Cape San Lucas.
Very densely viscid-glandular, with few or no long hairs; heads 7 to 12 mm.
thick; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high.
2. Pluchea sericea (Nutt.) Coville, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 4: 128. 1893.
Polypappus sericeus Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 178. 1848.
Tessaria borealis ‘“‘DC.;”’ Torr. & Gray in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 148. 1848,
nomen nudum.
Pluchea borealis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 212. 1882.
Berthelotia sericea Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 38: 154. 1906.
Sonora, Chihuahua, and Baja California. Southwestern United States; type
from California.
Shrub up to 5 meters high, silky-canescent, very leafy; leaves narrowly
elliptic or lance-elliptic, entire; corymbs small, terminating branches and branch-
lets; phyllaries ovate to oblong, obtuse to acute. ‘‘Cachanilla,” ‘‘cachimilla”’
(California, Texas, New Mexico).
The shrub is abundant in many places in the alluvial soil of river valleys,
often forming dense and pure stands. By the Indians the slender straight stems
were used for the shafts of arrows and for making bird cages, storage bins, and
baskets. An infusion of the stems was employed by the Pimas as a remedy for
sore eyes.
8. Pluchea odorata Nat. (L.) Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 42: 3. 1826.
Conyza odorata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1213. 1759.
?Conyza cortesti H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 75. 1820.
?Pluchea coriesiti DC. Prodr. 5: 452. 1836.
Baja California and Sinaloa to Tamaulipas, south to Yucatdn. Florida, Cen-
tral and South America, West Indies; type from Jamaica.
Shrubby, 2.5 meters high or less, the stem cinereous-tomentose or sordid-
tomentose, glabrescent below; petioles 1 to 2.5 em. long; leaf blades elliptic to
oval or oblong-ovate, 6 to 20 cm. long, 2.5 to 10 em. wide, entire or sometimes
repand-denticulate, paler and sordid-tomentulose beneath; panicles usually 10 to
20 cm. wide. ‘‘Santa Maria’”’ (Tamaulipas, Yucatdn); ‘‘alinanche” (Sinaloa) ;
‘“‘hierba de Santa Maria” (Nuevo Leén); ‘‘chaleché” (Yucatdin, Guatemala,
Maya); ‘“‘canela,” ‘“‘canelén” (Baja. California); ‘‘chalechay” (Yucatdén); ‘“‘su-
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1511
quinay” (Guatemala, El Salvador); “‘ciguapate” (El Salvador); “salvia” (Porto
Rico, Nicaragua) ; “salvia de playa,” “salvia cimarrona,”’ “salvia del pais” (Cuba) ;
“nahuapate,”’ “‘suquinayo,” ‘“suquinay,” ‘‘siguapete”’ (El Salvador).
In the Bahamas the shrub is called ‘‘sour-bush.’”’ The flowers are said to be
a source of honey. In Tamaulipas an infusion of the leaves in alcohol is applied
externally to relieve neuralgia and rheumatism. Seler reports that in Yucatan
the leaves are heated and applied hot as a hemostatic, while in the same State
the plant is employed as a febrifuge and emmenagogue. Descourtilz states
that in the West Indies the plant was used as a remedy for the bites of venomous
animals and that a decoction of the leaves was taken as a remedy for stomach
affections.
32. ACHYROCLINE (Less.) DC. Prodr. 6: 219. 1837.
1. Achyrocline ventosa Klatt, Linnaea 42: 112. 1878.
Gnaphalium ventosum Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Linnaea 42: 112. 1878, as synonym.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro Ventoso, Mexico.
“Suffruticose,’’ the ascending stems about 15 em. high, white-lanate; leaves
lanceolate, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, about 4 mm. wide, acuminate, undulate, amplexi-
caul-decurrent, densely lanate, subglabrescent above; heads about 4 mm. long,
- eylindric, crowded in dense glomerules; involucre lanate at base, the phyllaries
acute, ochraceous; pistillate flowers 3, hermaphrodite 1.
Only a fragment of the type, accompanied by sketches, has been examined,
and the status of the species is uncertain.
33. GNAPHALIUM L. Sp. Pl. 850. 1753.
Herbaceous, rarely suffrutescent, tomentose; leaves alternate, entire; heads
small, cymose or panicled, often glomerate; involucre graduate, of scarious phyl-
laries; heads many-flowered, disciform, the outer flowers pistillate, with filiform
corollas, the inner flowers hermaphrodite, tubular, all whitish or purplish red
(in the following species); anthers caudate at base; pappus setose, the bristles in
the hermaphrodite flowers sometimes clavellate.
Larger leaves 3 to 7.5 cm. long.
Leaves obovate, about 12 mm. wide; outer phyllaries ochroleucous at base.
1. G. eleagnoides.
Leaves linear or lance-linear, 6 mm. wide or less; phyllaries brown or greenish
brown at base.
Pappus bristles of the hermaphrodite flowers obscurely thickened toward
tip; leaves arachnoid-tomentose above_---------- 2. G. rhodanthum.
Pappus bristles of the hermaphrodite flowers strongly thickened toward
tip; leaves soon glabrate above___---------~-------- 38. G. seemannii.
Larger leaves 2 cm. long or less.
eaves ObOvate.o vOrormMwewid Cosa ee es eee ee ae 4. G. concinnum.
Leaves linear, 2 mm. wide or less.
Heads: distinetly; pedicellates) 492423 4 Sessa se se eee ee 5. G. sartorii.
Hieadsisessile or subsessile=s aa => ne = eee eee 6. G. lavandulaceum.
1. Gnaphalium eleagnoides (Klatt) Blake.
Chionolaena eleagnoides Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 88. 1887.
Gnaphalium hypochionaeum Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 88. 1887, as
synonym.
Known only from the type locality, Pelado, Mexico.
Densely leafy, white-corticate; leaves obovate, 3 to 4.5 em. long, about 12 mm.
wide, acute, callous-apiculate, narrowed to the “amplexicaul’’ base, entire,
arachnoid above glabrate, beneath densely and canescently lanate-tomentose;
1512 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
heads 4 to 5 mm. high, in small dense cymose glomerules, short-pedicellate ;
phyllaries obovate, the lower ochroleucous, the upper white; pistillate flowers 16,
hermaphrodite 18.
2. Gnaphalium rhodanthum Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 310.
1856.
Hidalgo to Oaxaca and Chiapas; type from Jitotole, Chiapas. Guatemala.
Suffrutescent, 40 cm. high or less, densely leafy; stem cinereous or canescent-
tomentose; leaves linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, the larger 3 to 7.5 cm.
long, 1.5 to 5 mm. wide, usually greenish above, densely tomentose beneath, the
older deflexed, marcescent; heads in small rounded cymose panicles; outer phyl-
laries oblong or linear-oblong, the inner linear, obtuse, with white or reddish
purple tips.
3. Gnaphalium seemannii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 309. 1856.
Chionolaena corymbosa Hemsl. Diagn. Pl. Mex. 32. 1879.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre of northern Mexico.
Suffrutescent, about 17 cm. high, the stem closely and when young canescently
lanate-tomentose; leaves elliptic-linear or linear-oblanceolate, 1.8 to 4.5 em. long
(including the petioliform base), 3 to 5 mm. wide, quickly glabrate and green
above, densely and canescently silky-pannose-tomentose beneath; heads cymose-
panicled, short-pediceled, about 8 mm. high; outer phyllaries suborbicular-ovate,
with a brown spot, the inner oblong-linear, rounded, whitish, with a brownish
spot near middle.
4. Gnaphalium concinnum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 34. 1879.
San Luis Potosi; type from highest mountains southeast of City of San Luis
Potosi.
Suffrutescent, 20 to 35 em. high, several-stemmed; stems densely and subcanes-
cently tomentose, very leafy; leaves obovate, 10 to 20 mm. long, 3 to 8 mm.
wide, above arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent, densely griseous- or ochroleucous-
lanate beneath; heads in a nearly leafless cymose panicle, about 6 mm. high;
phyllaries pink-purple below, the white tips of the middle and outer ones reflexed
at maturity.
5. Gnaphalium sartorii (Klatt) Schultz Bip.
Chionolaena sartorii Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 89. 1887.
Gnaphalium sartorit Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 89. 1887, as synonym.
Known only from the type locality, Sempoaltepec, Mexico.
Low, suffruticose, gray-tomentose; leaves linear, 9 to 18 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide, arachnoid above, griseous-tomentose beneath; heads pedicellate, ternate,
campanulate; phyllaries fuscescent, lanceolate. (Description mostly compiled.)
6. Gnaphalium lavandulaceum DC. Prodr. 5: 227. 1837.
Elychrysum lavandulaefolium H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 86. 1820.
‘Chionolaena lavandulaceum Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
134. 1881.
Gnaphalium lavandulaefolium Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 21. 1917.
Not G. lavandulaefolium Willd. 1804.
Highest mountains of Mexico and Veracruz; type from Mount Nauhcampa-
teptle, near Perote, Mexico.
Suffrutescent, 30 cm. long or less, griseous- or cinereous-tomentose; leaves
very crowded, linear-spatulate to linear, obtuse; heads campanulate, 1 to 3 at
‘tips of branchlets, 7 to 9 mm. long; phyllaries fuscescent at base, with whitish
tips.
34. PELUCHA §&. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 55. 1889.
1. Pelucha trifida 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 55. 1889.
Central Baja California and islands in the Gulf of California; type from San
Pedro Martir Island, Gulf of California.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1513
Heavy-scented shrub about 1 meter high, much branched, thinly gray-tomen-
tose, glabrescent; leaves alternate, 5 to 18 mm. long, 3-toothed or 3-cleft, with
linear lobes, fleshy; heads 8 to 10 mm. high, in small terminal eymose panicles,
about 21-flowered; involucre 2-seriate, subequal, 4 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries
lanceolate, obtuse, appressed, subherbaceous, tomentulose; flowers all hermaphro-
dite, tubular; anthers sagittate-caudate; achenes oblong-turbinate, densely
silky-pubescent, 2 mm. long; pappus 4 mm. long, stiff, of about 10 longer barbel-
late bristles and about three times as many irregularly somewhat connate shorter
bristles.
35. NOCCA Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 12. pl. 224. 1795.
REFERENCE: Robinson, Synopsis of the genus Nocca, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36:
467-471. 1901.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves mostly opposite; heads 1 or 2-flowered, densely
crowded at tips of stem and branches in campanulate or globose glomerules,
these subtended by herbaceous bracts; proper involucre tubular, gamophyllous,
5 or 6-toothed; corollas tubular, yellow, white, or purple, exserted; achene
columnar; pappus a short cup, usually with awns or squamellae added.
Mivoluercs 2-lowered = U0 Ss 8 OU SS AO WE IRV eee) oi 1. N. biflora.
_Involucres 1-flowered.
Leaves sessile, cordate-clasping.
Inflorescence short, leafy-bracted; leaves all with broadly clasping base.
2. N. helianthifolia.
Inflorescence elongate, the bracts small; lower leaves sessile, not clasping.
3. N. media.
Leaves petiolate (the petiole rarely leafy-margined), not cordate-clasping.
Glomerules campanulate, sessile or subsessile.
Leaves densely silvery-silky beneath at maturity.
4. N. heteropappus.
Leaves not densely silvery-silky beneath at maturity, sometimes slightly
so when young in no. 7.
Leaves finely serrulate with purple-glandular teeth (about 10 per em.).
5. N. mocinniana.
Leaves coarsely serrate (teeth 2 to 4 per cm.) to subentire.
Stem finely puberulous with appressed hairs, also more or less glandu-
lar, without long spreading hairs__-_-----_-.--.--6. N. rigida.
Stem pubescent with long wide-spreading hairs, at least in the in-
florescence, as well as glandular.
Leaves elliptic to lance-oblong, three to five times as long as wide.
7. N. angustifolia.
Leaves ovate or lance-ovate, two and one-half times as long as
wide, or less.
Leaves green beneath; petioles usually winged.
8. N. pteropoda.
Leaves griseous-pubescent beneath; petioles naked.
Leaves broadly ovate, 5.5 to 7 em. long; branches of inflores-
cence elongate, divergent_________------- 9. N. pringlei.
Leaves lance-ovate, 7.5 to 12.5 em. long; inflorescence con-
tracted, its branches suppressed. _---- 10. N. tomentosa.
Glomerules globose or subglobose, slender-peduncled.
Teeth of the proper involucres lance-subulate.
Leaves subsericeous-pilose beneath with appressed hairs; proper in-
VOMUICTEeS! sillkay=VillO Us eee eee es eee mem eee eee tees 11. N. decipiens.
Leaves rather harshly pubescent beneath; proper involucres usually
Hat SUG eae UE AE ed SOT BE: BO ANTAL: 12. N. glandulosa.
1514 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Teeth of the proper involucres ovate to triangular-lanceolate (rarely
lanceolate in no. 14).
Stem and branches of inflorescence pubescent--_-- - 13. N. liebmannii.
Stem and branches of inflorescence essentially glabrous.
14. N. palmeri.
1. Nocca biflora (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 354. 1891, as Noccaea.
Lagascea biflora Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 33. 1879.
Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrubby, pubescent; leaves petioled, ovate-lanceolate, 2.5 to 5 em. long, dentic-
ulate; involucres villous; corollas glabrous; achenes hirsute; paleae of pappus
subequal. (Description compiled.)
2. Nocca helianthifolia (H. B. K.) Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 25: 104. 1822, as
Noccaea.
Lagascea helianihifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 25. 1820.
Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Suffrutescent (?), about 2.5 meters high, very leafy, branching in the inflores-
cence; stem glandular-puberulous, and spreading-hispid-pilose with mostly
deciduous hairs; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 21 em. long, serrate, scabrous
above, scabrous or scabrid beneath; glomerules large, leafy-bracted; involucre
silky-villous, unequally dentate; corollas about 1.5 cm. long, ‘‘ yellowish white.”
2a. Nocca helianthifolia suaveolens (H. B. K.) Robinson, Proce. Amer. Acad.
36: 468. 1901.
Lagascea suaveolens H. Br K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 25. 1820.
Noccaea suaveolens Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 25: 105. 1822.
Nocca latifolia Cerv. in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 31. 1824.
Lagascea laiifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 92. 1836.
Lagascea helianthifolia suaveolens Robinson, Proce. Amer. Acad. 48: 38. 1907.
Sinaloa to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type collected between Rio Papagallo and
Venta Colorada, Mexico. Guatemala and El Salvador.
Similar; leaves often broader, softly pubescent beneath. ‘‘Lengua de vaca”’
(El Salvador).
2b. Nocca helianthifolia adenocaulis (Robinson) Blake.
Lagascca helianthifolia adenocaulis Robinson, Proce. Amer. Acad. 48: 38. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, Uruapan, Michoacan.
Stem densely glandular-puberulous, without long hairs; leaves scabrous above,
tomentellous beneath.
2c. Nocca helianthifolia levior Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 468. 1901.
Lagascea helianthifolia levior Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 38. 1907.
Tepic to Michoacan or Guerrero; type from Colima.
Stem finely and densely puberulent, without long hairs or glands; leaves puberu-
lent beneath.
3. Nocca media Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 22: 596. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, between Tixila and Chilpancingo, Guerrero.
Herbaceous, at least above, finely hirtellous and sparsely hispid-pilose; leaves
ovate, 6 to § cm. long, the upper clasping, the lower narrowed to a subsessile, not
clasping base, scabrid on both sides; proper involucres silky-villous; corolla
about 10 mm. long.
4. Nocca heteropappus (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 354. 1891, as
Noccaea.
Lagascea heteropappus Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 33. 1879.
Michoacdn; type from Mexico, without definite locality. ;
Shrub 1 meter high; leaves ovate to elliptic, 4 to 7.5 em. long, green above;
proper involucres silky-villous, with slender subulate teeth; pappus of 2 awns
and several squamellae.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1515
5. Nocca mocinniana (DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 354. 1891, as Noccaea
mociniana.
Lagascea mocinniana DC. Prodr. 5: 92. 1836.
Mexico, without definite locality.
Leaves ovate, acute, green on both sides, finely serrulate. (Description com-
piled.)
A dubious species. The names ‘“casanaca’”’ and “‘zazanaca” have been
reported for this species, but perhaps relate to some other one.
6. Nocca rigida Cav. Icon. Pl. 8: 12. pl. 224. 1795.
Lagascea rubra H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 24. pl. 311. 1820.
Noccaea rubra Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 25: 104. 1822.
Mexico to Puebla; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Suffrutescent, about 2.5 meters high; leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, 5 to 8.5 em.
long, green and scabrid on both sides; proper involucres silky-villous, with lance-
subulate, unequal teeth; corollas ‘‘red.”
7. Nocca angustifolia (DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 354. 1891, as Noccaea.
Lagascea angustifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 92. 1836.
Durango to Jalisco; type from Leén, Guanajuato.
Shrubby; leaves 3.5 to 10.5 cm. long, subsericeous beneath when young, in age
usually scabrid; proper involucres densely silky-villous.
8. Nocca pteropoda Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 597. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Cuyamecala, Cuicatlin, Oaxaca.
Suffrutescent(?), densely spreading-villous and _ stipitate-glandular on the
branchlets, glabrate; leaf blades rhombic-ovate or oval, 4.5 to 10 em. long,
subsessile by a contracted cuneate-winged base or short-petioled, rough above,
rather sparsely pilosulous beneath, serrate; inflorescence ternately divided, broad
and short, the glomerules large, leafy-bracted.
9. Nocca pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 469. 1901.
Lagascea pringlet Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 38. 1997.
known only from the type locality, Iguala, Guerrero.
Suffrutescent, 1 to 2 meters high, puberulous and villous; leaves densely
cinereous-pilose beneath; teeth of the silky-villous proper involucres lanceolate,
very unequal; corollas 12 mm. long, purple.
10. Nocca tomentosa (Robins. & Greenm.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36:
470. 1901.
Lagascea tomentosa Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 45. 1596.
Known only from the type locality, between Ayusinapa and Petatiin, Guer-
¢
rero.
Stem pilose and densely glandular-puberulous; leaves lance-ovate, 7.5 to 12.5
em. long, gray-tomentose on both sides; bracts ovate-lanceolate; proper invo-
lucres villous, 6 mm. long, the teeth lanceolate, unequal; corollas 12mm. long.
11. Nocca decipiens (Hemsl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 354. 1891, as Noccaea.
Lagascea decipiens Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Mex. 33. 1879.
Sonora to Chihuahua and Jalisco; type from the Sierra Madre of northern
Mexico.
Shrubby; leaves ovate, 3 to 6.5 em. long, acuminate; peduncles terminal and
subterminal, up to 5.5 em. long; corollas apparently whitish, 7.5 mm. long.
12. Nocca glandulosa (Fernald) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 470. 1901.
Lagascea glandulosa Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 534. 1895.
Sinaloa and Chihuahua; type from head of Mazatlan River, Sinaloa.
This species is said to be scandent.
1516 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
18. Nocca liebmannii (Schultz Bip.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 470.
1901.
Lagascea liebmannii Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 91. 1884.
Known only from the type locality, Pochutla, Oaxaca.
Suffruticose; leaves elliptic, 5 cm. long, soft-pubescent beneath; proper invo-
lueres finely villous. (Description compiled.)
14. Nocca palmeri Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 471. 1901.
Lagascea palmert Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 38. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, Colima.
Slender shrub; leaves ovate, 1.5 to 4 cm. long, scabrous on both sides, sub-
entire; proper involucres sparsely villous chiefly at base; corollas 6 mm. long,
apparently white.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
Nocca robinsonii (A. Nels.) Blake.
‘‘Nocca n. sp. [?!”’ Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 468. 1901.
Calhounia robinsonit A. Nels. Univ. Wyo. Publ. Bot. 1: 59. 1924.
Mexico, without definite locality.
Pubescence of the branches fine, spreading, the hairs partly glandular, all of
equal length; leaves elliptic, obtuse or short-acuminate, scabrous, gray-pubescent.
beneath, remotely denticulate, short-petioled. (Description compiled.)
386. COULTERELLA Vasey & Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 1: 71. pl. 1. 1890.
1. Coulterella capitata Vasey & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 71. pl. 1.
1890.
Vicinity of La Paz, Baja California.
Much-branched glabrous shrub, about 1.3 meters high, lemon-scented; leaves:
opposite or alternate, rhombic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, 2.5 em. long or less,
sessile and clasping, coarsely few-toothed to entire, very fleshy; proper involucres
gamophyllous, at maturity obovoid, 3-winged and corky, shortly 3-toothed at
the contracted apex, 7 to 10 mm. long, glomerate at tips of branches, subtended
by minute bracts, 1-flowered (very rarely 2-flowered); corollas yellow, the throat
very short, the teeth lance-linear, 3-veined, exceeding the tube and throat;
anthers sagittate-mucronate; styles branches slender, with very short obscure
appendages, merely papillose outside; achenes columnar, multistriate, glabrous,
3.8 mm. long, epappose, crowned with a detergible cup left by the base of the
corolla.
37. DESMANTHODIUM Benth. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 14. pl. 1116. 1878.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite, thickish, serrate; heads few-flowered, small,
numerous, glomerulate in cymose panicles; phyllaries few, subscarious; pistillate
flowers 1 to 3, loosely inclosed in sac-shaped membranaceous phyllaries with
short tubular apex, their corollas tubular-cylindric, subtruncate, white; paleae of
receptacle few; hermaphrodite flowers 4 to 6, regular, 5-toothed, sterile; achenes
inclosed in the sac-shaped phyllaries, epappose.
Stem densely villous-tomentose, glabrescent; leaves broadly ovate, 5 to 7 em.
PCH tester aS Ae oe See ti ee ee ee 1. D. tomentosum.
Stem glabrous or puberulous in lines; leaves elliptic to obovate, 4.5 em. wide
or less.
Ibeawes short-petapied <2. 8 ee eae 2. D. fruticosum.
beaves connate-pertolinic._- -2 te Se ee ee eee 3. D. perfoliatum.
1. Desmanthodium tomentosum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6:
73. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1517
Shrub; leaf blades 9 to 13 em. long, acuminate, cuneate at base, petiolate,
villous-tomentose beneath, particularly on the veins; heads about 4 mm. high,
in dense glomerules.
2. Desmanthodium fruticosum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 37. 1904.
Jalisco and Michoacan or Guerrero; type from Zapotlin, Jalisco.
Shrubby below, 1.5 meters high; leaves elliptic or ovate, 4 to 9 em. long,
quintuplinerved above the base, sordid-puberulous on the veins beneath; heads
tiny, 3 to 4 mm. high.
3. Desmanthodium perfoliatum Benth. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 15. pl. 1116.
1873.
Flaveria perfoliata Klatt, Leopoldina 28: 146. 1887.
Oaxaca.
Shrubby, with herbaceous branches, glaucescent, 3 to 6 meters high; leaves
rhombic-lanceolate to obovate, 6 to 12.5 em. long, penninerved or weakly trip-
linerved, glabrous or with a few minute hairs along costa beneath; heads 5 to 7
mm. high.
38. CLIBADIUM Allamand; L. Mant. Pl. 161. 1771.
REFERENCE: O. E. Schulz, Beitrige zur Kenntnis der Gattung Clibadium,
- Bot. Jahrb. Engl. 46: 613-628. 1912.
Shrubby; leaves opposite, serrate; heads numerous, small, disciform, whitish,
cymose-panicled; phyllaries few, dryish; pistillate flowers subtended by pales,
their corollas slender-tubular, denticulate; disk flowers hermaphrodite, sterile, -
without pales (in ours), their corollas 5-toothed; achenes abovoid, obcompressed,
epappose.
Some species of this genus are used in tropical America as fish poisons.
Heads 5 to 6 mm. high; phyllaries ciliate, densely strigillose at least above
ACHENES* 22S) UO oP al OMG Ne eee) el eek Pee py yk 1. C. arboreum.
Heads 3.5 to 4 mm. high; phyllaries ciliate, otherwise essentially glabrous;
achenesslSbor2 imma. longi Sates 2 eee ee 2. C. pueblanum.
1. Clibadium arboreum Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 14: 26. 1889.
Clibadium asperum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 142. 1881, in part.
Not C. asperum DC. 1836.
Clibadium donnell-smithii Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 98. 1891.
Veracruz. Guatemala; type from Pansamald, Guatemala.
Shrubby, 3 meters high; stem densely pubescent; leaf blades ovate or broad-
ovate, 10 to 23 cm. long, 5 to 19 em. wide, long-petioled; pistillate flowers 3 to 6,
hermaphrodite 9 to il.
2. Clibadium puebianum Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 601. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Pahuatlan, Puebla.
Similar; leaf blades 10.5 to 14.5 em. long; pistillate flowers 6 or 7, hermaphro-
dite 7 or 8.
39. GUARDIOLA Cerv.; Humb. & Bonpl. ‘‘Pl. Aequin. 1: 1438. pl. 41. 1808.”
REFERENCE: Robinson, Revision of the genus Guardiola, Bull. Torrey Club
26: 232-235. 1899.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous, with opposite leaves and small, terminal, solitary
to cymose-panicled, yellow heads; involucre cylindric to campanulate, of few
subequal subherbaceous thin-margined many-nerved phyllaries; rays small,
fertile, the disk sterile; achenes columnar or columnar-obovoid, epappose.
Phyllaries carinate, about 12 mm. high; leaves deltoid-ovate---1. G. carinata.
Phyllaries not carinate, 7 to 9 mm. high; leaves narrowly lanceolate.
Iseavesicuneatelat basemen e ae ee ea 2. G. angustifolia.
Weaveswnastatesat baASe=sa see = = ae ee a 3. G. stenodonta
1518 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
1. Guardiola carinata Robinson, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 233. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Acaponeta, Tepic.
Suffrutescent, glabrous and glaucous; petioles about 1.2 em. long; leaf blades
3 to 4 cm. long, 2 to 3 em. wide, cordate-hastate, serrulate, obtusish; heads few
or solitary.
2. Guardiola angustifolia (A. Gray) Robinson, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 235.
1899.
Guardiola tulocarpus angustifolia A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22:
423. 1887, hyponym.
Jalisco; type from Tequila.
Suffrutescent, about 60 em. high, essentially glabrous; petioles 6 to 14 mm.
long; leaf blades 5 to 10 em. long, 4 to 23 mm. wide, acuminate, sharply serrate
or serrulate; heads numerous in small eymose panicles.
3. Guardiola stenodonta Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 56. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Balboa, Sinaloa.
Suffrutescent, practically glabrous; leaves slender-petioled, the blades 5 to 8
cm. long, 1.5 to 2.2 cm. wide at base across the very narrow spreading lobes,
abruptly contracted above them and then widened to middle, serrate; heads in
small terminal clusters.
40. MELAMPODIUM L. Sp. Pl. 921. 1753.
REFERENCE: Robinson, Synopsis of the genus Melampodiwm, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 36: 455-466. 1901.
Herbs, or sometimes suffrutescent; leaves opposite; heads radiate, the rays
fertile, yellow or white, the disk sterile; outer phyllaries usually 5, subherbaceous;
receptacle paleaceous; ray achenes tightly enveloped in the subtending indurate
phyllaries, these often provided with a hood or horn at apex; pappus none.
Rays white; leaves not silky-pubescent.
Stem and leaves densely cinereous-tomentose_____..__---1. M. argophyllum.
Stem and leaves green or cinereous-pubescent, not tomentose.
Lamina of the rays 5 to 8 mm. long, not prominently venose.
2. M. cinereum.
Lamina of the rays 1 to 1.3 em. long, prominently venose.
3. M. leucanthum.
Rays yellow; leaves silky-pubescent beneath, at least when young.
Fruiting phyllaries with well-developed hood__-------------- 4, M. nelsonii.
Fruiting phyllaries with obsolete hood____-----_-_---- 5. M. heterophyllum.
i. Melampodium argophyllum (A. Gray) Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 22:
606. 1924. ;
Melampodium cinereum argophyllum A. Gray; Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36:
458. 1901.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; type from the Sierra Madre south of Saltillo,
Coahuila.
Suffruticulose, about 20 em. high; similar to M. cinereuwm except for its cinere-
ous-tomentose pubescence.
2. Melampodium cinereum DC. Prodr. 5: 518. 1836.
Coahuila; type from ‘‘near San Fernando, Mexico.” ! Texas.
Suffruticulose, several-stemmed, much branched, about 20 em. high, cinereous-
“pubescent; leaves linear to lance-oblong, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, entire to deeply
sinuate-lobed; fruiting phyllaries with muticous hood.
1 According to Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 239. 1884, the habitats and numbers of
specimens cited under M. cinereum and M. ramosissimum were interchanged in
De Candolle’s Prodromus.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1519
2a. Melampodium cinereum ramosissimum (DC.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12:
239. 1884.
Melampodium ramosissimum DC. Prodr. 5: 518. 1836.
Coahuila. Texas; type from ‘“‘ Texas.”
Hood of the fruiting phyllaries mucronate; otherwise as in the typical form.
3. Melampodium leucanthum Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 271. 1842.
Chihuahua. Kansas to Texas and Arizona; type from Texas.
Similar to M. cinereum; usually about 30 cm. high; leaves often entire; heads
much larger; hood of the fruiting phyllaries muticous.
4. Melampodium nelsonii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 260. 1905.
Definitely known only from the type locality, Voledin de Jorullo, Michoacan.
Suffruticulose, hirsute; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, entire or pinnately
3-lobed; heads 1 to 1.5 em. wide; hood of the fruiting phyllaries sometimes with
caudate apex.
5. Melampodium heterophyllum Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 33. 1816.
Tamaulipas to Oaxaca; type from Mexico.
Herbaceous or suffruticulose, up to 40 cm. high; leaves linear to lanceolate,
entire or with long narrow lobes toward base; heads about 12 mm. wide.
41. PARTHENIUM L. Sp. Pl. 988. 1753.
REFERENCES: J. M. Hillier, Guayule rubber (Parthenium argentatum, A.
Gray), Kew Bull. 1907: 285-294. 1907; F. E. Lloyd, Guayule (Parthenium
argentatum Gray), a rubber-plant of the Chihuahuan desert, Carnegie Inst.
Washington Publ. 139. 1911; C. Patoni, El guayule (Partheniwm argentatum
A. Gray). Mexico, 1916.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves alternate; heads small, radiate, white, in terminal
cymes or panicles; phyllaries usually 2-seriate, suborbicular, dry; rays short,
erect, fertile, the disk sterile; ray achenes obcompressed, their nerviform margins
adnate at base to the involute paleae of the two opposed outer disk flowers and
at maturity separating from the body of the achene nearly to apex, the whole
falling together; pappus 2 or 3 short awns or none.
Leaves silvery-canescent on both sides_____--------------- 1. P. argentatum.
Leaves not silvery-canescent, usually tomentose or velutinous beneath.
Leaves ovate, subentire to repand or crenate, not lobed.
Leaves harshly hispidulous above with tuberculate-based hairs.
BAD DUS p WAIN UU Cae See Sy age a ae Ses ee 2. P. parviceps.
Pappus present.
Leaves densely cinereous-tomentulose beneath----- 3. P. fruticosum.
Leaves green or greenish and merely strigillose or puberulous beneath.
4. P. schottii.
Leaves smooth or only slightly asperulous above.
Pappls presente! "2 Sak oe ee ar ee 4. P. schottii.
Pappus wanting.
Leaves conspicuously crenate; involucre 2.5 to 3.5 mm. high.
5. P. tomentosum.
Leaves rather obscurely repand or crenulate; involucre 1.5 to 2 mm.
Bitola <2 ert te 8 7 Con ch ES ee 2 6. P. stramonium.
Leaves triangular to obovate, hastately or lyrately lobed or pinnatifid; pappus
present.
Leaves triangular to obovate, lyrate-pinnatifid or lobed, usually gray and
floccose-tomentose, Sb0Ve== 5 -n es 7. P. incanum.
Leaves deltoid-ovate, coarsely lobed, green and somewhat harshly pubescent
EN) SYR ee ee Se Ee ee Se ae 8. P. lozanianum.
57020—26——14
1520 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
1. Parthenium argentatum A. Gray in Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 86.
1859.
Parthenium lloydit Bartlett, Torreya 16: 46. 1916.
Coahuila and Durango to Zacatecas and San Luis Potosi. Texas; type from
Escondido Creek.
Shrubby, up to 1 meter high, much branched; branches silvery-strigillose;
petioles 0.5 to 2.5 em. long; blades lanceolate to lance-ovate, 1 to 4.5 em. long,
0.3 to 2.56 em. wide, acute or acuminate, acute at base, coarsely few-lobed to
entire, silvery-canescent; heads several, in small long-peduncled cymes or
cymose panicles, short-pediceled, about 6 mm. wide; pappus of 2 divergent or
erectish awns about 1 mm. long. ‘‘Guayule”’ (the most common and widely
distributed name); ‘“‘hierba del hule” (Durango); ‘‘tatanini’’ (Otomf); ‘“hierba
blanca,” “hierba ceniza”’ (Querétaro); ‘‘hule’’ (Zacatecas, Chihuahua); ‘‘copa-
llin,” ‘‘afinador”’ (Lloyd); ‘‘xihuite,” ‘“jihuite” (Zacatecas).
According to Patoni, the name “guayul” or “‘guauyul,”’ of which guayule is a
variant, belongs properly to Vauquelinia corymbosa (see page 323), and became
applied through some error to this plant.
The guayule rubber plant is one of the most important members of the Mexican
flora. Its stems yield a high percentage of rubber, a fact well known to the early
inhabitants. From the plant was obtained the rubber for making the large balls
used in the game of pelota, a game of very ancient origin.
Attempts at industrial exploitation of the plant began in Zacatecas as early
as 1892 or 1893, and shortly afterward in San Luis Potosi, but these were not
successful financially on account of the lack of suitable apparatus for the extrac-
tion of the rubber, and because of the absence of a market. About 1904, when
much capital from the United States had been invested in the industry, it became
of importance and large factories were established for the treatment of the plant.
The raw plant rose to a price of $75 per ton. In 1911 the outlay of North Ameri-
can capital alone in the industry was said to be $30,000,000, and between July 1,
1905, and July 1, 1909, about 32,000,000 pounds of guayule rubber were imported
into the United States, this being about 80 per cent of the total export. Later
the industry declined, partly because of a failure in supply, but chiefly on account
of the competition of East Indian rubber.
The following references may be mentioned here: F. Altamirano, Datos para
la historia y explotacién del ‘‘Guayule,” Boletfin de la Secretaria de Fomento de
México II. 5: 1098-1123. 1906; Rémulo Escobar, El guayule y su propagacién,
Boletin de la Secretaria de Fomento 24. 1910; J. E. Kirkwood, Propagation of
guayule by seeds, Amer. Rev. Trop. Agr. 1: 34-48. 1910; Kirkwood, The life-
history of Parthenium argentatum (guayule), Amer. Rev. Trop. Agr. 1: 193-205.
1910.
2. Parthenium parviceps Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 22: 607. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Barranca de Tenamp4, Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Suffrutescent or frutescent; stem arachnoid-tomentose; leaf blades triangular-
ovate, 5.5 to 9 em. long, 3.5 to 6 em. wide, acute, canescently arachnoid-tomentose
beneath.
3. Parthenium fruticosum Less. in Schlecht. & Cham. Linnaea 5: 152. 1830.
Chiapas and Veracruz (?); type from Plan del Rfo, Veracruz (?).
Apparently suffrutescent and tall; stem sordidly pilose-tomentose; leaf blades
- triangular-ovate, about 10 cm. long, 7.5 cm. wide, obtuse, truncate-rounded at
base, green above, cinereous-tomentulose beneath, on narrowly margined petioles
1.5 cm. long.
4. Parthenium schottii Greenm. in Millsp. & Chase, Field Mus. Bot. 3: 109.
1904.
Yucatdn; type from Progreso.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1521
Shrub; stem tuberculate-hispidulous or tuberculate-pilose ; leaf blades triangular-
ovate, 5 to 9.5 cm. long, 2 to 5.5 em. wide, acute or obtuse, repand, finely tuber-
culate above, beneath finely strigillose, hispidulous, or rarely rather densely
puberulous, on margined petioles 1 to 2 cm. long; awns 2 or 3, short, erect or
recurved. ‘Santa Marfa,’ ‘“‘chalcha.”’
5. Parthenium tomentosum DC. Prodr. 5: 532. 1836.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type collected between Oaxaca and Mitla.
Shrub 3 meters high; stem tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blades triangular-
ovate, 2.5 to 10 cm. long, 1.6 to 6.5 em. wide, cordate or subtruncate at base,
green or cinereous above, cinereous-tomentulose and veiny beneath, on nearly
marginless petioles 0.6 to 3 em. long.
6. Parthenium stramonium Greene, Pittonia 4: 240. 1901.
Parthenium arctium Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 635. 1909.
Sonora and Chihuahua; type from Chuichupa, Chihuahua.
Shrub about 3.5 meters high; stem cinereous-tomentulose, glabrescent; leaf
blades triangular-ovate, 10 to 30 cm. long, 3 to 10 cm. wide, subcordate and usually
unequal at base, weakly repand to crenulate, green or at first finely cinereous-
tomentulose above, finely cinereous-tomentulose beneath.
7. Parthenium incanum H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 260. pl. 391. 1820.
Parthenium ramosissimum DC. Prodr. 5: 532. 1836.
Sonora to Coahuila, south to Hidalgo; type from Botanic Garden of Mexico.
Texas to Arizona.
Low shrub; stem cinereous-tomentose, glabrescent; leaf blades 1.5 to 6 cm.
long, usually cinereous but sometimes green above, cinereous-tomentulose
beneath; pappus awns 2, divergent, about 1 mm. long. ‘“ Mariola”’ (the usual
and most widely dispersed name); ‘‘hembra de guayule”’ (so called because it
often grows with the true guayule); ‘‘tananin{”’ (Querétaro); sometimes known
erroneously as ‘‘guayule.”
This plant furnishes rubber like that of guayule, but in smaller amounts.
It has been employed extensively in Mexico for the extraction of commercial
rubber, and was known also to the aboriginal inhabitants. Children sometimes
chew the stems to obtain the rubber for making balls. In Coahuila the plant is
reported to be used as a domestic remedy for affections of the liver.
8. Parthenium lozanianum Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 636. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, Hacienda El Carrizo, Sierra Madre, above
Monterrey, Nuevo Leén.
About 2.5 meters high; leaf blades 4 to 9 cm. long, 2 to 4.5 em. wide, deltoid-
ovate, somewhat trilobate, coarsely repand-dentate with blunt teeth, usually
with a pair of small lobes below base of blade.
42. IVA L. Sp. Pl. 988. 1753.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 4-7. 1922.
1. Iva hayesiana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 78. 1876.
Northern Baja California and Cedros Island. California; type from San
Diego County, California.
Frutescent, under 1 meter high; branches erectish, strigillose and glandular;
leaves opposite, oblong-obovate, elliptic-oblong, or spatulate, 5 cm. long or less,
usually obtuse, entire, short-petioled, thick, triplinerved; heads small, disciform,
nodding, yellowish, 3 to 6 mm. wide, in virgate racemes or racemiform panicles,
bracted with small leaves; phyllaries few, obovate, obtuse, herbaceous, punctate;
pistillate flowers with short tubulose corolla; hermaphrodite flowers sterile;
anthers free, with inflexed appendages; achenes obovoid, obcompressed, epap-
pose, 1.8 mm. long.
1522 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
43. HYMENOCLEA Torr. & Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 79. 1849.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 13-15. 1922.
Slender much-branched shrubs; leaves alternate, linear-filiform, entire or pin-
nately trisect; heads monoecious, glomerate-spicate, leafy-bracted; phyllaries of
the staminate involucre few, united to middle; involucre of the pistillate heads
gamophyllous, fusiform, beaked, inclosing a single flower, and bearing transverse,
orbicular or obovate, scarious, spreading wings.
Wings of the fruit spirally arranged, suborbicular, the lower 6 to 8 mm. wide.
1. H. salsola.
Wings of the fruit in a single whorl, much narrower.
Wings 7 to 12; body of fruit about 4 mm. Jong___________- 2. H. monogyra.
Wings usually 5; body of fruit about 6 mm. long__________ 3. H. pentalepis.
1. Hymenoclea salsola Torr. & Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 79. 1849.
Northern Baja California and Sonora. Utah to Arizona and California; type
from the Mohave River, California.
About 1 meter high; leaves few, mostly 3 cm. long or less; pistillate involucre
in fruit about 6 mm. long.
2. Hymenoclea monogyra Torr. & Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 79.
1849.
Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, and Baja California. California to Texas; type
from the Valley of the Gila.
Up to 4 meters high; leaves usually about 4 cm. long; wings of fruit narrowly
obovate. ‘‘Romerillo’’ (Sinaloa).
A characteristic shrub of sandy arroyos, where it often forms dense thickets.
It is employed locally as a remedy for pains in the abdomen.
3. Hymenoclea pentalepis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 33: 14. 1922.
Sonora and Baja California. Arizona and California; type from Pima Canyon,
Arizona.
Similar to H. monogyra; fruit larger, with broadly obovate-flabelliform wings.
44. FRANSERIA Cay. Icon. Pl. 2: 78. pl. 200. 1793.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 33: 22-37. 1922.
Herbs or shrubs, monoecious; leaves chiefly alternate; heads spicate, racemose,
or paniculate, discoid; phyllaries of staminate involucres 1-seriate, united to
middle; fertile involucres bur-like, 1 to 8-celled, 1 to 8-flowered, beaked, armed
with 2 to many series of often hooked spines.
Leaves simply or doubly dentate, rarely 3 or 5-lobed.
leaves’ coarsely spinose-toothed === es aaa eee 15. F. ilicifolia.
Leaves not spinose-toothed.
Leaves elongate-triangular, 3 to 5 times as long as wide; fruiting involucre
densely covered with strongly hooked spines, these not flattened at base.
14. F. ambrosioides.
Leaves broader; spines of fruit flattened at base, usually not hooked.
Leaves doubly dentate or 3 or 5-lobed, green beneath (sometimes tomen-
tose when young in F. cordifolia).
Leaves not trilobed to middle (except sometimes on sucker shoots),
pubescent or puberulous beneath with more or less spreading
hairs; spines and body of fruiting involucre densely stipitate-
LTT ot EES Ee REG ED Ee, TRE NT ene 7. F. cordifolia.
Leaves 3 or 5-lobed to middle, strigillose on both sides; spines of fruit-
ing involuere sparsely pilosulous, obscurely glandular.
8. F. divaricata.
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1523
Leaves simply (rarely somewhat doubly) serrate or serrulate, densely
whitish-tomentulose at least beneath.
Body of the fruiting involucre puberulous or pilose; leaf blades chiefly
Ianceolate-onilan@e-ovate sit ho63 isn 2 12. F. deltoidea.
Body of the fruiting involucre densely lanate-tomentose; leaf blades
chiefly deltoid-ovate or ovate___________ 13. F. chenopodiifolia.
Leaves sinuate-lobed to tripinnatifid.
Leaves green and sparsely strigillose to hispid beneath.
Spines of the fruiting involucre 1.5 to 3.5 em. NOM Pe eo ee ews 1. F. bryantii.
Spines of the fruiting involucre 1 to 3.5 mm. long.
Leaves bipinnately lobed.
Spines of the fruit 6 to 9, not hooked, very short_______ 4. F. hispida.
Spines of the fruit numerous, hooked, about 3 mm. long.
6. F. magdalenae.
Leaves pinnately lobed or shallowly pinnatifid.
Leaves deeply lobed, with narrow divisions; fruit merely glandular.
2. F. acuminata.
Leaves shallowly lobed, with broad teeth or lobes; fruit densely pilose.
10. F. sanctae-gertrudis.
Leaves whitish or cinereous-pubescent or tomentulose beneath, at least when
young.
Spines of the fruiting involucre few (about 4 to 16).
Leaves bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid__~__=___. 2-22 __ 3. F. camphorata.
Leaves pinnately lobed or deeply sinuate-toothed.
Leaf blades up to 15 cm. long, the lobes coarsely serrate.
9. F. arborescens.
Leaf blades 3 to 5 em. long, the lobes spinulose-toothed.
11. F. flexuosa.
Spines of the fruiting involucre numerous.
Leaves small, 3 cm. long or less, 1 to 3-pinnatisect, the tips of the primary
lobes rounded; spines of the fruiting involucre strongly flattened at
basesnotthooked’) | skis: Tete Sater eyes eee Bt 5. F. dumosa.
Leaves usually 3 to 5 cm. long, the tips of the primary lobes usually
acutish; spines subterete or somewhat grooved above at base, hooked.
6. F. magdalenae.
1. Franseria bryantii Curran, Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 1: 232. 1888.
Acanihambrosia bryantii Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 33: 22. 1922.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Shrub 30 to 90 em. high, with white-barked branchlets; leaves 1 to 4 em. long;
pistillate involucres solitary or paired, long-persistent, appearing axillary; spines
of the involucre wide-spreading, not hooked, in 1 or 2 series.
2. Franseria acuminata T. 8S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 171. 1889.
Known only from the type locality, Purfsima, Baja California.
Shrubby, about 60 cm. high, the branches brown, essentially glabrous; leaves
3.5 to 7.5 em. long, long-acuminate; fruiting involucre ‘5 mm. long,’’ with very
short incurved spines.
8. Franseria camphorata Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 192. 1885.
Northern Baja California and Guadalupe Island; type from Guadalupe Island.
Sufrutescent, tomentulose on the younger parts, camphory-resinous; primary
lobes of the leaves lanceolate or triangular in outline, laciniately toothed to
nearly bipinnatifid; fruiting involucres about 7 mm. long.
3a. Franseria camphorata leptophylia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 309.
1887.
1524 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Franseria leptophylla Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 33: 32. 1922.
Northern Baja California and Cedros Island; Sonora; type from San Fernando,
Baja California.
Similar; leaves more deeply lobed, with finer divisions.
4. Franseria hispida Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 25. 1844.
Gaertnera hispida Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339. 1891.
Known only from the type locality, Magdalena Bay, Baja California.
Low shrub; stem white-hispid; leaves bipinnatifid, 5 to 7 em. long and wide,
glandular and hispid; fruit 4 mm. long, the spines 6 to 9, subulate, 2-seriate.
(Description compiled.)
5. Franseria dumosa A. Gray in Frém. Rep. Exped. Rocky Mount. 316. 1845.
Franseria albicaulis Torr. Pl. Frém. 16. 1853.
Franseria dumosa albicaulis A. Gray in Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 87.
1859.
Gaeritnera dumosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339. 1891.
Northern Baja California and Sonora. California to Utah and Arizona;
type from the Mohave River.
Low shrub, white-barked, finely cinereous-tomentulose, including both sides of
the leaves; fruiting involucres about 6 mm. long; spines strongly flattened toward
base, not hooked.
6. Franseria magdalenae T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 170. 1889.
Franseria intricata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 33: 33. 1922.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Island.
Shrubby, about 60 cm. high, much branched; inflorescence usually branched;
leaves green or cinereous above, once or twice pinnatisect; fruiting involucres
about 6 mm. long, densely armed with spreading hooked spines.
7. Franseria cordifolia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1%: 445. 1884.
Gaertnera cordifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339. 1891.
Franseria malvacea Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 33: 34. 1922.
Sonora, Sinaloa, and San Luis Potosi. Arizona; type from Tucson.
Slender, suffrutescent, puberulous; leaf blades deltoid-ovate, 2.5 to 8.5 em.
long, green above, pale beneath, doubly dentate, usually shallowly cordate at
base, sometimes 3-lobed; fruiting involucre 5 to 6 mm. long, its spines hooked.
8. Franseria divaricata T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 171. 1889.
Known only from the type locality, San Gregorio, Baja California.
Shrubby, divaricately much branched, 30 cm. high or more, cinereous-puberu-
lous on the young growth; leaf blades suborbicular-ovate in outline, 2 to 2.5 cm.
long, 3 or 5-lobed about to middle, with cuneate-obovate doubly dentate lobes;
fruiting involucre about 7 mm. long, the spines stout, about 2 mm. long, grooved
but scarcely flattened at base.
9. Franseria arborescens T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 162. 1903.
Franseria carduacea Greene, Leaflets 2: 156. 1911.
Baja California.
Arborescent, 3 to 5 meters high; stem hispidulous; leaves ovate in outline,
5 to 7-lobed about halfway to middle, the lobes broad, canescent-pilosulous
beneath; fruiting involucres densely pubescent, with 7 or 8 stout hooked spines.
10. Franseria sanctae-gertrudis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 33: 35. 1922.
Known only from the type locality, Santa Gertrudis, Baja California.
Shrub; leaves petioled, ovate to lance-ovate, 6 to 8 em. long, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide,
shallowly sinuate-lobed or toothed, green and hispidulous on both sides; fruit as
in F. arborescens.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO ~ 1525
11. Franseria flexuosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 298. 1885.
Northern Baja California; type from Cantillas Canyon.
Low shrub; leaves short-petioled, deltoid-lanceolate, coriaceous, sinuate-lobed
or -toothed, acuminate, canescent-puberulent on both sides; fruit 7 mm. long,
glandular and villous, the spines not hooked. (Description compiled.)
12. Franseria deltoidea Torr. Pl. Frém. 15. 1853.
Gaertnera deltoidea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339. 1891.
Sonora. Arizona; type from the Gila River.
Low, shrubby, canescent-tomentulose; leaf blades 1 to 3.8 em. long, slender-
petioled, cuneate at base, venose beneath; fruiting involucre about 7 mm. long,
its spines straight, flattened at base.
13. Franseria chenopodiifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 26. 1844.
Gaertnera chenopodiifolia Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 461. 1910.
Franseria lancifolia Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 33: 36. 1922.
Baja California and Cedros Island; type from Magdalena Bay.
Southern
California.
Suffrutescent, low, the branches cinereous-tomentulose, glabrate; leaf blades
2 to 3 cm. long, usually about as wide; spines of the fruiting involucre hook-tipped,
usually strongly flattened at base.
Franseria lancifolia Rydb. is a form of this species with less pubescent fruits.
14. Franseria ambrosioides Cay. Icon. Pl. 2: 79. pl. 200. 1793.
Xanthidium ambrosioides Delpino, ‘‘Studi Lign. Anem. 63. 1871.”
Gaertnera ambrosiodes Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339. 1891.
Sonora, Sinaloa, Durango, and Baja California; type from Mexico, without
definite locality. Arizona.
Suffrutescent, hirsute and glandular, about 1.5 meters high; leaf blades 8 to
18 em. long, 1 to 4.5 em. wide, acuminate, coarsely serrate-dentate, slender-
petioled; fruiting involucre 1 to 1.2 em. long, Xanthium-like. ‘‘Chicura’”’ (Sina-
loa, Baja California.)
15. Franseria ilicifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 77. 1876.
Gaertnera ilicifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 339. 1891.
Northern Baja California and islands; type from Cantillas Canyon. California
and Arizona.
Shrubby, 30 to 60 cm. high, spreading-hirsute, densely leafy; leaves ovate or
rhombic-ovate, 3 to 10 cm. long, 1.8 to 9.5 em. wide, sessile, cordate-clasping,
coriaceous; fruiting involucre 1.5 to 2.3 em. long, densely covered with hooked
spines, glandular-hairy.
45. PHILACTIS Schrad. ‘‘Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1831;”’ Linnaea 8: Litt.-Ber.
24. 1838.
1. Philactis zinnioides Schrad. “Ind. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1831;” Linnaea 8:
Litt.-Ber. 24. 1833.
Mexico, without definite locality.
Suffruticulose, dichotomous, the young branches villous; leaves opposite,
petioled, broadly ovate, acuminate, serrulate, appressed-villous; peduncles in
the forks, monocephalous, shorter than the leaves; involucre 2-seriate, appressed;
receptacle elongate-conic; heads yellow; rays fertile, sessile, persistent, their
achenes trigonous, glabrous, with an awn on the inner angle; disk flowers sterile,
the achenes subtetragonous, with a pappus of 4 basally connate awns. (Descrip-
tion compiled.)
46. ZINNIA L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1221. 1759.
REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, A revision of the genus Zinnia, Proc.
Amer. Acad. 32: 14-20. 1896
1526 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Herbs or undershrubs with opposite entire leaves (in ours), and yellow, orange,
white, or rarely liver-colored, usually solitary, terminal heads; involucre several-
seriate, of strongly graduate, dry, subherbaceous-tipped phyllaries; rays fertile,
the ligules sessile, persistent, the achenes awnless or with 1 to 3 short awns;
disk fertile, the achenes strongly compressed, 2-toothed, 1 or 2-awned or awnless.
The cultivated zinnias or youth-and-old-age of the gardens are Mexican and
South American species of this genus.
Rags righ orange. <2 220. 5h e ee eS ee eee 1. Z. juniperifolia.
Rays white, yellow, or liver-colored.
Rays much shorter than the involucre, sometimes wanting___2. Z. anomala.
Rays longer than the involucre.
Leaves triplinerved; ligules 8 to 16 mm. long_________~_- 3. Z. grandiflora.
Leaves 1-nerved; ligules 12 mm. long or less.
Body of disk achenes 3 to 3.5 mm. long__-___________-_-14. Z. acerosa.
Body ofidisk.achenes 2.mm. Jong... 2200. 29245. 5. Z. pumila.
1. Zinnia juniperifolia (DC.) A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 105. 1852.
Diplothrix juniperifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 612. 1836.
Crassina juniperifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891.
Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosi; type from San Luis Potosi.
Suffruticulose, much branched, 30 em. high or less, puberulous; leaves linear,
1.5 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 1.8 mm. wide, 3-nerved; peduncles usually elongate; heads
2 to 3.8 cm. wide.
2. Zinnia anomala A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 106. 1852.
Crassina anomala Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891.
Coahuila and Zacatecas. Texas; type from prairies beyond the Pecos.
Suffruticulose, about 12 cm. high; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, about 2 em.
long, 3-nerved; phyllaries densely ciliate; heads 1.5 cm. wide or less; ligules
‘‘vellow”’ (?), apparently liver-colored; disk deep orange.
3. Zinnia grandiflora Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7: 348. 1840.
Crassina grandiflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891.
Sonora to Chihuahua arid Durango. Colorado to Arizona and Texas; type
from the Rocky Mountains.
Suffruticulose, much branched, 20 em. high or less; leaves linear, 2.5 cm. long
or less, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; heads 2 to 3.2 em. wide; rays bright yellow, very
showy, suborbicular; disk orange.
4. Zinnia acerosa (DC.) A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 106. 1852.
Diplothrix acerosa DC. Prodr. 5: 611. 1836.
Crassina acerosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891.
Coahuila and San Luis Potosf; type from San Luis Potosi. Texas.
Similar te Z. grandiflora but smaller; leaves 1 to 2.5 em. long, 1 mm. wide or
less; heads 1 to 2.5 cm. wide; rays pale yellow or white (?).
5. Zinnia pumila A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 81. 1849.
Crassina pumila Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 331. 1891.
Sonora to Coahuila and San Luis Potosf; type from San Juan de la Vequeria
and Castaniola, Mexico. Texas to Arizona.
Similar to Z. acerosa; leaves shorter, 16 mm. long or less; heads 1.2 to 1.8 em.
wide; rays white or ‘‘pale yellow” (?); achenes smaller. ‘‘Hierba de burro’’
_(Zacatecas.)
47. SANVITALIA Gualt. in Lam. “Journ. Nat. Hist. 2: 176. pl. 33. 1792.”
1, Sanvitalia fruticosa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 155. 1881.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacdn, Puebla.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1527
Suffruticulose, about 15 em. high, much branched, cinereous-strigose through-
out; leaves opposite, short-petioled, the blades lanceolate, 1 to 2.4 em. long,
3 to 6 mm. wide, few-toothed or entire; heads solitary at tips of branches, 1.5
em. wide, often leafy-bracted; rays yellow, sessile, persistent; disk purple-brown;
ray achenes trigonous, stiffly 3-awned; disk achenes compressed, usually with
crustaceous margins and 2 short awns.
48. HELIOPSIS Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 473. 1807.
1. Heliopsis longipes (A. Gray) Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 608. 1924.
Philactis longipes A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 35. 1879.
San Luis Potosi.
Suffrutescent, 30 to 50 cm. high, hirtellous; leaves opposite, remote, short-
petioled, the blades ovate, about 2 cm. long, dentate-serrate; peduncles terminal,
elongate, 1-headed; involucre 2-seriate, about 7 mm. high, of subherbaceous,
ovate or lance-ovate phyllaries; receptacle columnar; flowers yellow; rays fertile,
the lamina sessile, about 1 cm. long, the achenes trigonous-obcompressed, epap-
pose; disk flowers fertile, quadrangular and few-ribbed, epappose or with 2 or 4
minute teeth.
49. GRYPOCARPHA Greenm. in Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 1: 145. pl. 73. 1903.
REFERENCE: Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 34-36. 1917.
Shrubs with opposite triplinerved ovate leaves; heads yellow, radiate, solitary
in the axils or in cymes of 3 or 5 at tips of branches; involucre 2 or 3-seriate, the
phyllaries indurate, lance-ovate or oblong, with narrow, spreading or reflexed,
herbaceous tips; pales stiff, acuminate, usually incurved-hooked at apex; ray
corollas sessile, persistent; ray achenes trigonous, l-awned; disk achenes fertile,
quadrangular, with 1 or 2 awns and sometimes 1 or 2 very short squamellae.
The genus includes only the three following species.
Branchlets densely pubescent; involucre villous_____________- 1. G. hebeclada.
Branchlets very sparsely strigillose or glabrous; phyllaries ciliate, on back
sparsely pubescent or subglabrous.
Veins of the leaves beneath spreading-pubescent__________ 2. G. liebmannii.
Veins of the leaves beneath glabrous_______-_-_-------_---- 3. G. nelsonii.
1. Grypocarpha_hebeclada Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 35. 1917.
Oaxaca; type from Tula.
Leaf blades ovate, 4 to 6.5 em. long, strigose above, in youth densely pubescent
beneath, on petioles 1 cm. long; heads 1.5-to 3 cm. wide.
2. Grypocarpha liebmannii (Klatt) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 35.
1917.
Zinnia liebmannii Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 89. 1887.
Sanvitaliopsis liebmannit Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 238: 89. 1887, as
synonym.
Melanthera fruticosa T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 421. 1924.
Oaxaca (?) and Chiapas; type from Rio Taba, Oaxaca (?). Guatemala.
Leaf blades ovate, 7.5 to 10.5 cm. long, acuminate, smooth above; heads 2 cm.
wide.
8. Grypocarphea nelsonii Greenm. in Sarg. Trees & Shrubs 1: 145. pl.73. 1903.
Sanvitaliopsis nelsonii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 261. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, on ridge back of Tonalaé, Chiapas.
Leaf blades ovate, 6 to 7 cm. long, glabrous on both sides; heads about 2.2 em.
wide.
1528 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
50. RUMFORDIA DC. Prodr. 5: 549. 1836.
REFERENCE: Robinson, A revision of the genus Rumfordia, Proc. Amer. Acad.
44: 592-596. 1909.
Shrubs or herbs, with broad opposite leaves; heads yellow, radiate, several to
very numerous in terminal cymose panicles; involucre double, the outer phyl-
laries herbaceous, loose, the inner much smaller, embracing the ray achenes; ray
and disk fertile; achenes obovoid, thickened, epappose.
Leaves broadly ovate, regularly toothed, not lobed or angulate.
1. R. floribunda.
Leaves rhombic-ovate or triangular-ovate, coarsely 1 or 2-lobed or toothed on
the angles.
Outer phyllaries granular-puberulous chiefly on margin; stem essentially gla-
PROVE Repdal fers: Bally eua a aati d plots Le Naie teem tide need Afi 2. R. attenuata.
Outer phyllaries glandular-pilose; stem crisped-pilosulous____3. R. oreopola.
1. Rumfordia floribunda DC. Prodr. 5: 550. 1836.
Rumfordia floribunda pubescens Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 261. 1905.
Tepic to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrubby below, 2 to 4 meters high; leaf blades 8 to 19 cm. long, decurrent on
the petioles nearly or usually quite to the base, usually pilose beneath in the
axils of the main veins and along costa; panicle 10 to 22 cm. wide, very many-
headed; heads 1.8 to 3.5 em. wide; ray corollas provided with a slender tube,
persistent, yellow becoming white. ‘‘Tacote amarillo” (Tepic).
2. Rumfordia attenuata Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 594. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre of Michoacan or Guerrero.
Suffrutescent (?), 2.5 meters high; leaves rhombic-ovate, or the upper lanceo-
late, the larger 23 cm. long, 12 cm. wide, thin, acuminate, bearing one or two
large spreading teeth on each angle, narrowed to a subsessile base or short-
petioled; phyllaries 8 to 10 mm. long.
3. Rumfordia oreopola Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 595. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, crest of the Sierra Madre, Michoacdn or
Guerrero.
Suffrutescent (?), 3 meters high; leaves triangular-ovate, about 10 cm. long,
6 em. wide, short-petioled, coarsely about 2-toothed on each side and serrulate;
phyllaries 1.1 to 1.9 em. long.
51. RHYSOLEPIS Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 36. 1917.
REFERENCE: Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 36-37. 1917.
Suffrutescent; leaves opposite or alternate, serrate; heads radiate, yellow, few
in terminal cymose panicles; involucre 3 or 4-seriate, graduate, of herbaceous-
tipped phyllaries; rays neutral; pales indurate, gibbous, cross-wrinkled, closely
embracing the disk achenes;. disk achenes strongly compressed; pappus of 2 awns
and 6 to 8 minute squamellae.
Only the two species following are known.
Leaves chiefly alternate, oblong or ovate-oblong, subsessile___1. R. morelensis.
Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, on petioles 3 to 13 mm. long_2. R. palmeri.
1. Rhysolepis morelensis (Greenm.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 36.
1917.
Viguiera morelensis Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 40. 1904.
Morelos; type from Cuernavaca.
Leaf blades 4 to 6.8 cm. long, 0.8 to 2 cm. wide; involucre 7 mm. high, the
two outer rows of phyllaries strongly reflexed, the two inner with only the tips
reflexed.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1529
2. Rhysolepis palmeri (A. Gray) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 37.
1917.
Viguiera palmert A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 427. 1887.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Leaf blades 4 to 10.5 cm. long, 1.3 to 3 em. wide; phyllaries all squarrose-
tipped, the outer with lance-linear foliaceous tips up to 2.5 em. long.
52. MONTANOA Cervant. in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Desecr. 2: 11. 1825.
REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 508-521. 1899.
Shrubs or trees; leaves chiefly opposite, usually ovate, sometimes lobed or
coarsely pinnatifid; heads white, radiate, rarely discoid, usually numerous; outer
phyllaries about 5 to 7, usually linear to oblong; rays neutral; pales in fruit
accrescent, usually scarious, often spinescent-tipped, including and greatly
surpassing the obovoid, thickened, epappose achenes.
The genus was named by Cervantes in honor of Don Luis Montajia, native of
Puebla, a distinguished physician and naturalist.
The name ‘‘cerbatana”’ is reported for some unidentified species of the genus.
in Central America this same name is sometimes applied to species of Verbesina
because of the fact that the hollow stems are employed by boys for making
popguns (cerbatanas).
Rays none; heads 3 or 4-flowered.
Leaves suborbicular, rusty-tomentose beneath________-_-_- 1. M. hemsleyana.
Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to oval-ovate, quickly glabrate beneath_2. M. rekoi.
Rays present; heads with more numerous flowers.
Heads very large, 4.5 to 8 em. wide; leaves deeply pinnatifid.
Petioles broadly winged to the very base_______-_-_-- 29. M. grandiflora.
Petioles incompletely or not at all winged.
Leaves permanently canescent-tomentose beneath______ 30. M. speciosa.
Leaves soon green and merely puberulent beneath__31. M. pyramidata.
Heads smaller, 4.5 (rarely 5) cm. wide or less; leaves often merely serrate.
Heads very small, 16 mm. wide or less, the rays 2 to 5; pales densely silky-
villous.
Leaves truncate or subcordate at base.
Leaves deltoid-ovate, about as wide as long____-_-- 3. M. floribunda.
Leaves triangular-ovate, much longer than wide__--4. M. tomentosa.
Leaves cuneate to acute at base.
Leaves distinctly 3 or 5-lobed.
Phyllaries in anthesis 5 to 6 mm. long_-------._-----9. M. palmeri.
Phyllaries in anthesis 3 to 4 mm. long.
Leaves about one-half as wide as long___--- 7. M. myriocephala.
Leaves about three-fourths as wide as long___8. M. xanthiifolia.
Leaves unlobed.
Phyllaries at anthesis 2.5 to 4 mm. long.
Leaves 2 to 7 cm. wide, on petioles 1 cm. long___5. M. seleriana.
Leaves 1.8 to 2 cm. wide, on winged petioles__6. M. microcephala.
Phyllaries at anthesis 4.5 to 6 mm. long.
Larger leaves rhombic-ovate, 7 to 8 em. wide_---- 9. M. palmeri.
Larger leaves ovate, 2 to 5 cm. wide__------------- 10. M. rosei.
Heads medium-sized, the rays 7 to 10; pales from rather densely villous to
nearly glabrous, not silky.
Phyllaries about 10 mm. long.
Phyllaries spatulate-obovatesic..---=.-.-s22.==s-25 11. M. pringlei.
1530 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Phyllaries: broadly “oblong? 2202) — set! &) iene 12. M. liebmannii.
Phyllaries smaller, 3 to 7 mm. long.
Leaves very large, 10 to 30 cm. wide, deeply palmate-lobed, on wingless
peliclesss es os een se eee 15. M. hibiscifolia.
Leaves much smaller, or else merely angulate-lobed.
Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, the petioles short, naked or winged.
13. M. samalensis.
Leaves mostly ovate or lance-ovate.
Petioles short, winged throughout_____-____- 14. M. tehuacana.
Petioles usually rather long, winged only at apex if at all.
Pales in fruit stiff and firm, gradually long-acuminate into a
stout spinescent tip.
Leaves essentially glabrous beneath except along the veins.
17. M. frutescens.
Leaves hirtellous beneath__________-__- 18. M. arborescens.
Pales in fruit thin, subsearious, varying from abruptly mucronate
to short-acuminate.
Pales in fruit rather densely long-pilose, especially on margin.
23. M. pilosipalea.
Pales in fruit subglabrous or sparsely pubescent.
Plants scandent.
Leaves broadly ovate or deltoid-ovate, rounded or
truncate to subcordate at base.
Leaves puberulous beneath________ 26. M. paucifiora.
Leaves sordid-tomentulose beneath___27. M. schottii.
Leaves lance-ovate, cuneate at base____28. M. gracilis.
Plants not scandent.
Leaves hexagonal-ovate, about 14 em. long and nearly as
wide, long-petioled, arachnoid-tomentose beneath;
branchlets strongly quadrangular.
16. M. hexagona.
Leaves usually much longer than wide, not arachnoid-
tomentose beneath; branchlets not strongly quad-
rangular.
Pales in fruit retuse and short-mucronate.
Leaves pubescent beneath on all the veins and
Vvelnlets_ 6332 ase See 24. M. subtruncata.
Leaves sparsely puberulous beneath on the chief
WELSH Avie =pay Syed tbl a ee ee 25. M. affinis.
Pales in fruit rather gradually or abruptly cuspidate or
mucronate, not retuse.
Pales in fruit with straightish tips.
Leaves rhombic-ovate or triangular-ovate, shortly |
cuneate at base_-_-__-_- 19. M. purpurascens.
Leaves lanceolate to lance-obovate, truncate at
base fee Sak te es ae ior 20. M. arsenei.
Pales in fruit with uncinate-recurved tips.
Leaves lanceolate to ovate, obscurely or not at all
angulate-lobed__________-- 21. M. uncinata.
Leaves usually rhombic-ovate, distinctly angulate-
lobed 23a aah pata epee 22. M. patens.
1. Montanoa hemsleyana (Kuntze) Blake.
Montanoa sp. (no. 24) Hems!. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 166. 1881.
Eriocoma hemsleyana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1531
Montanoa anomala Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 509. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz.
Leaves petioled, the blades of the uppermost 4 cm. long, 5 em. wide, unlobed;
panicle 18 cm. wide; phyllaries linear or linear-lanceolate. (Description com-
piled.)
2. Montanoa rekoi Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 22: 610. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Apango, Oaxaca.
Large tree, the trunk up to 50 em. thick, the bark cork-like; leaf blades 8.5 to
19 cm. long, 2.3 to 9.5 em. wide, unlobed or sometimes 3-lobed; disk 5 mm. high,
2.5 mm. thick; phyllaries ovate. ‘‘ Yagazeche,”’ “‘ocotillo.”’
The branches contain a rosin or eamphor-like substance which burns like pitch.
3. Montanoa floribunda (H. B. K.) Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr.
Giartn. 7: 406. 1864.
Eriocoma floribunda H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 268. pl. 396. 1820.
Montagnaea floribunda DC. Prodr. 5: 564. 1836.
State of Mexico to Oaxaca; type collected between Guadalupe and City of
Mexico.
Shrub, up to 2.5 meters high; branches sordidly pilose-tomentose, glabrescent;
leaves slender-petioled, the blades 2.5 to 6.5 em. long and wide, crenate-dentate,
scabrous above, sordid-tomentose beneath; heads very numerous, cymose-
panicled. ‘‘Cihuapatli,” ‘‘zuapatli,’”’ ‘‘zoapatle,” ‘‘zoapatli.”’
4. Montanoa tomentosa Cervant. in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 11.
1825.
Eriocoma fragrans D. Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. II. 1: pi. 44. 1830.
Eriocoma heterophylla Schrad. “Ind. Sem. Hort. Gott. 1833: 3. 1833;”
Linnaea 10: Litt.-Ber. 70. 1835.
Montagnaea tomentosa DC. Prodr. 5: 564. 1836.
Montagnaea tomentosa cordifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836.
Montagnaea tomentosa ternifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836.
Montanoa ternifolia Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 406. 1864.
Eriocoma tomentosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
Eriocoma ternifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
Montanoa tomentosa ternifolia Hemsl. (Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 166. 1881,
as synonym); Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 510. 1899.
San Luis Potosi to Oaxaca; type from State of Mexico.
Similar to M. floribunda; leaf blades 3.5 to 11 cm. long, 2 to 8.5 em. wide, often
coarsely lobed especially toward base. ‘‘Cihuapatli,”’ ‘‘ciguapacle”’ (from the
Nahuatl! cihua-patli, woman-+ medicine); “‘singuapacle,’’ “‘zuapatli,” ‘‘zoapatle,”’
‘‘7ihoapactli,”’ “‘sinhuapastle,”’ ‘‘zihuapatl,” ‘‘zoapatle,’’ ‘‘cihoapactli,” “hierba
de la parida”’ (Distrito Federal).
The plant is reputed to have stomachic, diuretic, and pectoral properties. Its
most common use, however, is as an aid to women in childbirth, the decoction
being administered to provoke uterine contractions, although such use is said to
be dangerous. It is said to be much used for this purpose in Mexico at the present
time. See E. Armendariz, Estudio quimico del zoapatli, Anal. Inst. Méd. Nac.
Méx. 1: 11.
It is doubtless this or a related species of which Sahagtin writes as follows:
“There is a medicinal plant called ciuapatli. It is a shrub from which spring many
long branches with ashen, pointed leaves. The flowers are yellow and white.
The seed resembles that of blite. The decoction of the leaves is the part used.
Pregnant women drink it at the time of delivery to facilitate labor and to prevent
consequent exhaustion. The numerous roots of this shrub are fine and long,
black outside and yellow within. Ground and mixed with lukewarm water,
9 66
1532 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
they are good for those who suffer from dysentery. The infusion may be taken
on an empty stomach or after meals. Those who make use of it should be careful
of their diet. This plant grows in the fields, on the mountains, or even in the
patios of the houses.”
5. Montanoa seleriana Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 510. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Tuxtla, Chiapas.
Leaves rhombic-ovate or lanceolate, 5 to 10 cm. long, cuneate at base, serrulate
or subentire, scabrous above, tomentose beneath, at length subglabrate; panicles
10 em. wide. (Description compiled.)
6. Montanoa microcephala Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7:
406. 1864.
Eriocoma microcephala Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
IXnown only from the type locality, Ejutla, Oaxaca.
Rusty-tomentose; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 6 cm. long, acute at each end,
serrate, scabrous above, densely tomentose beneath; heads very small and
numerous. (Description compiled.)
7. Montanoa myriocephala Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 511.
1899.
Jalisco and Puebla to Chiapas; type from Chapala, Jalisco.
Branches sordidly pilose-tomentose, glabrate; leaf blades rhombic-ovate in
outline, 7 to 13 em. long, 3 to 8 em. wide, 3 or 5-lobed with short blunt lateral
lobes, cuneately decurrent on the upper part of the petiole, scabrous above,
more or less tomentose beneath; heads numerous.
8. Montanoa xanthiifolia Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 406.
1864.
Eriocoma xanthiifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
“‘Chacalepa Estate, Mexico” (type locality). Costa Rica.
Similar to M. myriocephala; leaf blades 3-lobed, 12 em. long, 9 em. wide,
cuneately narrowed into the rusty-tomentose petiole, very scabrous above, the
lobes ovate or triangular, acute to caudate-acuminate. (Description compiled.)
9. Montanoa palmeri Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 93. 1897.
Known only from the type locality, Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub 2.5 meters high, soon glabrate; leaf blades rhombic-ovate, 10 to 14
cm. long, 7 to 8 em. wide, the larger angulate-lobed near middle, caudate-acumi-
nate, crenulate, rough above, pubescent beneath; flowers with fragrance suggesting
that of apple blossoms.
10. Montanoa rosei Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 82: 45. 1896.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Alamos, Sonora.
Similar to M. palmeri; leaf blades ovate or lance-ovate, 7 to 10 cm. long, 2
to 5 em. wide, unlobed, serrate, rough and bullate above, pubescent and gland-
dotted beneath; heads very silky.
11. Montanoa pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 512. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Tehuacd4n, Puebla.
Branchlets pulverulent-tomentose; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 4 to
8 em. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide, acute, serrate, gradually narrowed into wings
decurrent nearly to base of petiole, green and scabrous above, canescent-to-
mentose beneath; heads 2 or 3 at ends of branches; rays 6 to 8 mm. long; pales
(in anthesis) attenuate, villous. (Description compiled.)
12. Montanoa liebmannii (Schultz Bip.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser.
52: 37. 1917.
Polymnia liebmannii Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 89. 1887.
Montanoa macrolepis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 44. 1896.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1583
Oaxaca; type from Cumbre de Estepe.
Stem hirsute-pilose, glabrescent; leaf blades rhombic-ovate, 6 to 12.5 cm.
long, 3.5 to 7.5 cm. wide, sinuately 3 or 5-lobed, decurrent on the upper part of
the petiole, rough above, green and pubescent beneath; heads 1 to 5 at ends of
branches; phyllaries acute to rounded, 3.5 to 5 mm. wide; pales elongate, at-
tenuate, straightish, pungent-tipped.
18. Montanoa samalensis Coult. Bot. Gaz. 20: 49. 1895.
Zacatecas. Guatemala; type from Rio Samald, Guatemala.
Branches sordid-tomentose, glabrescent; leaves 8 to 24 cm. long, a third as
wide, obtuse or acuminate, crenate, green and scabrous above, beneath at first
canescent-tomentose, at length glabrate and green; heads solitary or. few; pales
truncate, spinescent-mucronate.
14. Montanoa tehuacana Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 47: 209. 1911.
Puebla; type from Tehuacan.
Shrub, up to 5 meters high; leaf blades lance-ovate to rhombic-ovate, 4.5 to
20 cm. long, 2.5 to 16 cm. wide, cuneately decurrent on the petiole (sometimes
broadly so), often sinuately 3 or 5-lobed, green and scabrous above, canescent-
tomentulose beneath; heads rather few or numerous; pales rather abruptly
contracted into long, spreading, spinescent tips.
15. Montanoa hibiscifolia (Benth.) Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr.
Gartn. 7: 407. 1864.
Montagnaea hibiscifolia Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd.
1852: 89. 1852.
Eriocoma hibiscifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
« Chiapas. Guatemala to Costa Rica; type from Segovia, Nicaragua.
Shrub, up to 6.5 meters high; branches glabrescent; petioles long, often
biauriculate at apex; leaves sinuately several-lobed usually to middle or deeper,
canescent-tomentulose to merely puberulous beneath; heads numerous, cymose-
panicled, 2 to 3.5 cm. wide; rays white ‘with roseate tinge’’; pales in fruit short-
mucronate from a subtruncate or emarginate apex. ‘‘Telecate blanco” (Nica-
ragua); ‘‘palo de marimba” (El Salvador).
16. Montanoa hexagona Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 514. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Chiapas.
Large tree; leaves scabrous above, unappendaged at base; petioles wingless,
7 cm. long; heads numerous, rather large; rays about 2 cm. long. (Description
compiled.)
17. Montanoa frutescens (Mairet) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 165.
1881.
Montagnaea frutescens Mairet; DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836.
Priestleya squarrosa Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836, as synonym.
Eriocoma frutescens Alamain; DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836, as synonym. ’
Aldama montanoa Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 406. 1864.
Michoacan to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrub, up to 4 meters high; stem glabrous or early glabrate; leaf blades ovate
to deltoid- or rhombic-ovate, 6 to 15.5 em. long, 2.5 to 11 cm. wide, rarely sinu-
ately 3-lobed, acuminate, green on both sides, harsh above; heads few or numer-
ous, up to 4.5 em. wide.
18. Montanoa arborescens (DC.) Schultz Bip; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Giartn.
7: 406. 1864.
Montagnaea arborescens DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836.
Eriocoma arborescens Alamdin; DC. Prodr. 5: 566. 1836, as synonym.
Montanoa floribunda Cerv.; DC. Prodr. 5: 566. 1836, as synonym.
Mexico, without definite locality (type); ‘Cordillera Guchilaqua.”
1534 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Branches villous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, acute at base, serrate
near middle, harsh above; heads loosely cymose, long-pediceled; phyllaries
oblong, nearly equaling the disk. (Description compiled.)
The name ‘‘tacote de flor’”’ has been reported for the species.
19. Montanoa purpurascens Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 515.
1899.
Eriocoma hartwegiana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891, nomen nudum.’
Zacatecas to Guanajuato; type locality not definitely stated.
Stem sordid-tomentose; leaf blades triangular-ovate or rhombic-ovate, 6 to
12.5 cm. long, 2 to 8 em. wide, attenuate, cuneate at base, crenate-serrate, harsh
above, sordid-tomentose or tomentulose beneath; heads numerous; fruiting pales
broad, rather abruptly pungent-pointed.
20. Montanoa arsenei Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 611. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, near Morelia, Michoacan.
Stem sordidly subtomentose-pubescent; leaf blades 6 to 12 em. long, 1.5 to 4
em. wide, acuminate, at base often very unequal, harsh above, rather densely
hispidulous-pilosulous beneath; heads numerous, about 2 em. wide; pales in fruit
rather gradually narrowed to the spreading or reflexed cuspidate tip.
21. Montanoa uncinata Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 406.
1864.
Eriocoma uncinata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
Michoacan to Oaxaca; type from ‘‘Cumbre de Estepa.’’
Shrub, up to 4 metefs high; branches soon glabrate or glabrescent; leaf blades
lance-ovate to rhombic-ovate, 6 to 12 em. long, 2 to 6.5 em. wide, caudate-
acuminate, cuneate or rounded at base, griseous-tomentose or tomentulose’
beneath; heads numerous, about 2 em. wide; pales broad, with short abrupt
spinescent tips.
22. Montanoa patens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 388. 1886.
Sonora and Chihuahua to Jalisco and Puebla; type from Batopilas, Chihuahua.
Shrub, up to 4 meters high; branches puberulent; leaf blades 9 to 25 cm. long,
4 to 18 em. wide, acuminate or attenuate, short-cuneate and often biauriculate at
base, green and scabrous above, paler and puberulent-tomentulose beneath;
heads numerous, about 2.5 em. wide; pales broad, abruptly and shortly uncinate-
cuspidate.
23. Montanoa pilosipalea Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 612. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Fort de La Guadalupe, near City of Puebla.
Stem sordidly pilose-tomentose; leaf blades triangular-ovate, 3.5 to 7 cm. long,
1.3 to 4 em. wide, subentire or usually coarsely 1 or 2-toothed or lobed on each
side near base, acuminate, short-cuneate at base, griseous-tomentose beneath;
heads numerous; rays 7 mm. long; fruiting pales loosely long-pilose and densely
pilose-ciliate above, abruptly contracted into a firm, spreading or slightly recurved
cusp 1.5 to 1.8 mm. long.
24. Montanoa subtruncata A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 424.
1887.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Shrub, up to 4 meters high; stem somewhat puberulous; leaves slender-petioled,
the blades ovate or rhombic-ovate, 4.5 to 12 em. long, 3 to 8 em. wide, acuminate,
at base truncate-rounded to broadly subcordate, not auriculate, sometimes sinu-
ately 3 or 5-lobed, scabrous above, green beneath; heads numerous, 2.5 to 3.8
em. wide; fruiting pales broad, abruptly mucronulate at the retuse apex.
25. Montanoa affinis Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 612. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, El Ocote, Michoacdn or Guerrero.
Shrub, 38 meters high; stem sparsely strigillose; petioles slender, 1.5 to 4.5 cm.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1535
long; blades broadly ovate or suborbicular-ovate, 7 to 11 em. long, 4.5 to 8 em.
wide, acute or short-acuminate, cuneate to subtruncate at base, sometimes with
a short blunt lobe on each side near middle, remotely crenate, harsh above;
heads numerous, 1.7 to 2 em. wide; immature pales truncate-rounded and
abruptly contracted into a short erect cusp. ‘‘Flor de San Francisco.”
26. Montanoa pauciflora Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 90. 1887.
Coreopsis trilobata Vahl; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 90. 1887, as synonym.
Oaxaca. Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador; type locality erroneously
given as South America.
Scandent, suffrutescent; stem puberulent; petioles slender; leaf blades ovate,
5 to 9 cm. long, 3 to 6.8 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, sometimes shallowly and
acutely 3-lobed, scabrous above; heads usually rather numerous, 2.5 to 3 em.
wide; fruiting pales retuse and short-mucronate. ‘‘ Margarita,” ‘‘palo de ma-
rimba,” “‘tatascamite blanco”’ (El Salvador).
27. Montanoa schottii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 518. 1899.
Yucatan and Campeche (?); type collected between Mérida and Sisal, Yucatan.
Similar to M. pauciflora; leaves not lobed; branches of inflorescence sordid-
tomentose; phyllaries acute; heads 4.5 to 5 em. wide; fruiting pales retuse and
mucronulate. ‘‘Homahak” (Maya, Yucatan).
28. Montanoa gracilis Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 407. 1864.
Eriocoma gracilis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
Known only from the type locality, ‘‘San Miguel, La Grabra,’”’ Mexico.
Similar to M. pauciflora; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 5 em. long, 2.5 em. wide,
cuneate at base, very rough above, essentially glabrous beneath except along the
nerves; rays 5; pales with straight mucro. (Description compiled.)
29. Montanoa grandiflora (DC.) Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn.
7: 408. 1864.
Montagnaea grandiflora DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836.
Eriocoma grandiflora Alaman; DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836, as synonym.
?Priestleya longifolia Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836, as synonym.
Durango to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrubby, up to 4 meters high; stem stout, sordidly subtomentose; leaves up to
30 cm. long (including the broadly margined petiole), pinnatifid with 3 to 9 un-
equal lobes, usually acuminate, green and rough above, canescent-tomentulose
or subglabrescent beneath; heads numerous, 4.5 to 6.5 cm. wide; fruiting pales
gradually spinescent-acuminate. ‘ Paracua’”’ (Michoacan, Seler).
30. Montanoa speciosa (DC.) Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7:
408. 1864.
Montagnaea speciosa DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836.
Eriocoma speciosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
Known only from the type locality, Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Leaves about 22 cm. long, 7.5 em. wide, irregularly pinnatifid, decurrent on
the petiole, villous above, softly villous-tomentose beneath; pales subulate-
spinescent at apex. (Description compiled.)
31. Montanoa pyramidata Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Girtn. 7: 408.
1864.
Eriocoma pyramidata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
Jalisco, Colima, and Morelos; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Similar to M. speciosa; leaves soon green and merely puberulent beneath;
fruiting pales gradually or rather abruptly narrowed into the straight cusp.
““Tacote”’ (Sinaloa).
57020—26——15
1536 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
MonTANOA ASCHENBORNII Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 407.
1864. Eriocoma aschenbornii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
MonTANOA BIPINNATIFIDA (Kunth) C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 407.
1864. Uhdea bipinnatifida Kunth, “Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1847: 13. 1847.”
Closely allied to M. pyramidata Schultz Bip., and perhaps identical.
MonTANOA CRENATA Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 407. 1864.
Eriocoma crenata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
MonTANOA ELEGANS C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 408. 1864. Hriocoma
elegans Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891. Apparently closely related to
M. pyramidata Schultz Bip., if not identical with that species.
MonTANOA KARVINSKII (DC.) Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7:
407. 1864, as M. karwinskyi. Montagnaea karvinskii DC. Prodr. 5: 565. 1836;
Montagnaea clematidea Walp. Linnaea 14: 308. 1840; Montanoa clematidea Hemsl.
Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 165. 1881; Hriocoma clematidea Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
Pl. 1: 336. 1891; Eriocoma karwinskyi Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
MonTANOA OLIVAE Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 406. 1864.
Eriocoma olivae Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
MonTANOA TRILOBA Schultz Bip.; C. Koch, Wochenschr. Gartn. 7: 406. 1864.
Eriocoma triloba Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 336. 1891.
53. VARILLA A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 106. 1849.
REFERENCE: A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 257. 1884.
Shrubby, low, glabrous; leaves linear, entire, opposite or alternate; heads
discoid, yellow, solitary or cymose-panicled; involucre about 2-seriate, of lanceo-
late, indurate, vittate, appressed phyllaries; achenes subcylindric, 10 to 15-
ribbed; pappus none or of about 10 weak bristle-like awns.
Only two species of this genus are known.
Heads cymose-panicled; leaves opposite, acuminate, not fleshy_1. V. mexicana.
Heads solitary, long-peduncled; leaves chiefly alternate, obtuse, fleshy.
2. V. texana.
1. Varilla mexicana A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 106. 1849.
Coahuila and Chihuahua; type collected between Pelayo and Cadena,
Chihuahua.
Low shrub, about 1.5 meters high, somewhat glutinous, oppositely branched;
leaves linear-attenuate, 3 to 8.5 em. long, 1.5 to 3 mm. wide; achenes about 10-
ribbed, 2.5 mm. long; pappus of about 10 short, weak, often sparsely branched,
bristle-like, persistent awns. ‘“‘ Varilla’’ (Coahuila); ‘‘jarilla.”’
2. Varilla texana A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 123. 1852.
Northern Mexico (according to Gray). Texas; type collected between the
Nueces River and the Rio Grande.
Frutescent, tufted, about 30 cm. high; leaves 1.5 to 3.3 em. long, 1 to 2 mm.
wide; peduncles 6 to 15 ecm. long; achenes about 15-ribbed, epappose.
54. AGIABAMPOA Rose; O. Hoffm. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 4°:
390. 1894.
REFERENCE: Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 335. pl. 32. 1895.
1. Agiabampoa congesta Rose; O. Hoffm. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 4°:
390. 1894.
Sinaloa; type from Agiabampo.
Woody below, 1.5 to 2 meters high, strigillose, exuding a gum with odor of
turpentine; leaves opposite, often alternate above, their blades lance-ovate to
linear-lanceolate, 3 to 8.5 cm. long, 0.4 to 2.5 em. wide, acuminate, subentire,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1537
triplinerved, short-petioled; heads in small close cymose panicles at tips of
branches, cylindric, about 8 mm. high, yellow; ray flowers 5 or wanting, neutral;
disk flowers 10 to 18; involucre strongly graduate, of indurate, obtuse or rounded,,
vittate phyllaries; achenes obovoid-oblong, about 2 mm. long, trigonous or sub-
quadrangular, glabrous, epappose. ‘‘ Balayaqui.”’
55. ZALUZANIA Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 473. 1807.
REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 530-534. 1899.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate; heads radiate or discoid, yellow, solitary to
panicled; involucre about 2-seriate, appressed; receptacle conical; rays fertile;
achenes of the ray trigonous, sometimes with a few deciduous aristiform squamel-
lae; disk achenes somewhat compressed, epappose.
ET SaChISC Ot Geen 2 arte! ce Os ie Bs le eee le ee 7. Z. pringlei.
Heads radiate.
eames TODeUme oe os fae ie se 8 oe So ee ee 1. Z. grayana.
Leaves entire to dentate, not lobed.
Leaves densely canescent-tomentulose beneath.
Involucre green, merely puberulent_____________________ 2. Z. augusta.
Involucre canescent-tomentulose.
Leaf blades ovate or triangular, obtuse, abruptly contracted into
OLen win ted PetiGles:. she a. Be eee 3. Z. mollissima.
Leaf blades rhombic-ovate or elliptic-ovate, cuneately narrowed into
shor maked ‘petioles... 2 2 fk 4. Z. megacephala.
Leaves green or griseous-pubescent beneath.
Leaf blades triangular-ovate, 1 to 4 em. wide, abruptly contracted into
winged petioles 0.5 to 2 cm. long___________ 5. Z. montagnaefolia.
Leaf blades broadly ovate or oval-ovate, 3.5 to 8.5 em. wide, on short,
essentiallyanaked petiolesssae a ea ee eee 6. Z. coulteri.
1. Zaluzania grayana Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 531. 1899.
Gymnolomia triloba A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 217. 1882. Not Zalu-
zania triloba Pers. 1807.
Chihuahua. Arizona and New Mexico; type collected south of Rucker’s
Valley, Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona.
Suffrutescent, 80 cm. high; stem puberulous; leaf blades ovate, 3 to 7 cm. long,
green on both sides, the primary lobes toothed or slightly lobed; heads about
2 cm. wide.
2. Zaluzania augusta (Lag.) Schultz Bip. Flora 44: 562. 1861.
Ferdinanda augusta Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 31. pl. 2. 1816.
Anthemis lutescens Cervant. in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 30. 1824.
Chrysophania fastigiata Kunth; Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. 224. 1832.
Ferdinanda lutescens DC. Prodr. 5: 553. 1836.
Zaluzania angusta Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 362. 1873.
Guanajuato to Mexico; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrub up to 2.5 meters high, much branched; leaf blades lance-ovate to tri-
angular-ovate, 1.5 to 7 cm. long, entire to coarsely toothed; heads 7 to 12 mm.
wide, numerous in cymose panicles; phyllaries lance-ovate to ovate, mostly
acutish. ‘‘Caxtidani’? (Querétaro); ‘‘cenicilla;’ ‘‘limpia-tunas’’ (Mexico,
Oaxaca).
The name “‘limpia-tunas”’ is said to be given because of the fact that the plant
usually grows with prickly-pears, and the branches are used as brushes for re-
moving the fine spines from the tunas. The plant is said to have the odor of
southernwood (Artemisia abrotanum).
1538 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
3. Zaluzania mollissima A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 35. 1879.
Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, and Puebla; type from City of San Luis Potosf.
Shrubby, about 1.5 meters high; leaf blades 2 to 5.2 em. long, entire to crenate,
cuneate to subcordate at base; heads 1 to 2.5 cm. wide, several or numerous;
phyllaries ovate to oval, obtuse.
4. Zaluzania megacephala Schulta Bip. Flora 44: 563. 1861.
Ferdinanda augusta megacephala Schultz Bip. Flora 44: 563. 1861, as synonym.
Hidalgo and Coahuila; type from Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
Suffrutescent (?), about 60 cm. high, simple below the inflorescence; stem
cinereous-puberulous; leaf blades 5 to 11 cm. long, 2 to 8 em. wide, serrulate except
at the cuneate base; petioles 2 to 3 mm. long; heads about 2 em. wide, several or
many.
5. Zaluzania montagnaefolia Schultz Bip. Flora 44: 563. 1861.
Ferdinanda montagnaefolia Schultz Bip. Allg. Gartenz. 1858: 179. 1858,
nomen nudum.
Zaluzania asperrima Schultz Bip. Flora 47: 218. 1864.
Zaluzania asperrima montagnaefolia Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34:
532. 1899.
Veracruz, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from between Veracruz and Orizaba.
Shrub; stem puberulous; leaf blades 2 to 6 em. long, acuminate to obtuse,
coarsely crenate-dentate or the upper entire, rough above, griseous-pilosulous or
puberulous beneath; heads numerous, 1 to 1.5 em. wide.
6. Zaluzania coulteri Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 159. pl. 46. 1881.
Hidalgo; type from Real del Monte.
Suffrutescent at base (?), simple below the inflorescence; leaf blades 6 to 12.5
cm. long, thin, serrulate, green above, pale and pilosulous beneath; heads about
1.8 em. wide.
7. Zaluzania pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 101. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, near Jojutla, Morelos.
Shrub; branches puberulous; leaf blades ovate, 3.5 to 5 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 cm.
wide, subentire to crenate-dentate, puberulent beneath, on petioles 1 to 1.5 cm.
long; heads 6 to 7 mm. high.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ZALUZANIA CINERASCENS Schultz Bip. Flora 47: 219. 1864. This species,
based on Ehrenberg 346, from Mineral del Monte, Hidalgo, is insufficiently known.
It is probably not a member of the genus.
56. BORRICHIA Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 130. 1763.
1. Borrichia frutescens (L.) DC. Prodr. 5: 489. 1836.
Buphthalmium frutescens L. Sp. Pl. 903. 1753.
Diomedea bidentata Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 13: 283. 1819.
Borrichia frutescens angustifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 489. 1836.
Trimetra ficoidea Moc.; DC. Prodr. 7: 262. 1838.
Tamaulipas to San Luis Potosi and ‘‘ Veracruz.”’ Virginia to Texas; Bermuda;
type from “Jamaica, Virginia.”
Shrubby, about 1 meter high, the stems canescent-strigillose or glabrate;
leaves opposite, oblanceolate or obovate, 2 to 5.5 em. long, entire or toothed,
densely canescent-strigillose, mucronate; heads solitary at tips of branches,
yellow, radiate, about 2.5 em. wide; phyllaries spinescent-pointed; pales with stiff
spiny tips; rays and disk fertile; achenes quadrangular; pappus a 4-toothed crown.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1539
57. WEDELIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 8. 1760.
1. Wedelia acapulcensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 215. 1820.
Sinaloa to Guerrero and Oaxaca, and perhaps farther southward; type from
Acapulco, Guerrero.
Suffrutescent, hispidulous and spreading-hirsute; leaves opposite, short-
petioled, ovate, 3.5 to 8 cm. long, 1.5 to 4.8 em. wide, serrate, harsh-pubescent;
heads solitary or few at tips of stem and branches, long-peduncled, radiate, yellow,
1.5 to 2.2 cm. wide; involucre 2 or 3-seriate, the phyllaries herbaceous above, or
the outermost so throughout; rays fertile; achenes obovoid, thickened, sometimes
thin-margined but not truly winged; pappus a crown of connate fimbriate squa-
mellae and usually 2 awns.
58. WYETHIA Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 39. pl. 5. 1834.
1. Wyethia mexicana S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 154. 1890.
Known only from the type locality, near Monterrey, Nuevo Leén.
Suffrutescent, 1 to 1.6 meters high, spreading-hirsute; leaves alternate, the
blades lance-ovate, 6 to 10 em. long, crenate-dentate, green above, cinereous-
subtomentose beneath; heads few, yellow, 3 to 5.5 cm. wide; involucre several-
seriate, graduate, the phyllaries lanceolate, pubescent and densely ciliate, squar-
rose; rays fertile; achenes subquadrangular, several-ribbed; pappus of 2 short
unequal paleaceous awns, connected by a crown of very short connate squamellae.
59. ASPILIA Thouars, Gen. Nov. Madagasc. 12. 1806.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite; heads radiate, rarely discoid, yellow, rarely
white or purple, the rays neutral; involucre few-seriate, the phyllaries herbaceous
at least at apex; achenes obovoid, plump, wingless; pappus a cup composed of
united squamellae, sometimes with awns added.
Leaves linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate.
Plants tall; heads severa] or numerous.
Leaves densely hispid-pilose beneath_________------------ 1. A. angusta.
Leaves rather sparsely strigillose or strigose beneath.__2. A. stenophylla.
Biante low; heads solitary 270s. Jans = teat! 23 eee OS. 3. A. rosei.
Leaves elliptic or oblong to ovate.
Rays yellow.
Leaves elliptic-lanceolate; plant 30 cm. high or less________-- __3. A. rosei.
Leaves ovate or lance-ovate; plant much taller___--------- 4. A. strigosa.
Rays purple or none.
Riaye purples betaine alin ARS, hop ee eee 5. A. purpurea.
FEL RVG OTC aa 9 Sa ek Ra eg ap A me pen 6. A. aggregata.
1. Aspilia angusta Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 22: 619. 1924.
Aspilia angustifolia A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 425. 1887.
Not A. angustifolia Oliver & Hiern, 1877.
Known only from the type locality, Tequila, Jalisco.
Suffrutescent (?), about 1.5 meters high, densely tuberculate-strigillose or
ascending-hispidulous; leaves short-petioled, linear-lanceolate, 4 to 6.5 cm. long,
4 to 7 mm. wide, very harsh above, obscurely serrulate; heads numerous, loosely
panicled, about 2 cm. wide; phyllaries indurate to middle or above.
2. Aspilia stenophylla Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 102. 1903.
Sierra Madre of Chihuahua; type from Seven Star Mine.
Suffrutescent (?), about 70 cm. high, finely strigillose; leaves short-petioled,
linear-lanceolate or linear, 3.5 to 12 em. long, 2.5 to 10 mm. wide; heads 1.5 to
1.8 cm. wide; outer phyllaries caudate-acuminate.
1540 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
3. Aspilia rosei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 39. 1904.
Tepic and Durango; type collected between Santa Gertrudis and Santa Teresa,
Sierra Madre of Tepic.
Suffrutescent, about 30 cm. high, hispidulous and hispid-hirsute; leaves short-
petioled, linear to elliptic-lanceolate, 2 to 5 em. long, 4 to 10 mm. wide, revolute-
margined, subentire; heads solitary at tips of stems and branches, about 2 em.
wide; involucre subequal.
4. Aspilia strigosa (Hook. & Arn.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2: 171. 1881.
Wedelia strigosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 435. 1840-41.
Guerrero and “ Veracruz;’’ type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Suffrutescent (?), probably about 1 meter high, hispidulous and sparsely
hispid; leaf blades 4 to 6.5 em. long, 1.7 to 2.3 em. wide, acuminate, harsh above,
rather softly pubescent beneath; heads 1 to 3 at tips of stem and branches, about
1.8 cm. wide.
5. Aspilia purpurea Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 39. 1904.
Aspilia scabrida T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 420. 1924.
Chiapas; type from Valley of Jiquipilas.
Suffrutescent, about 40 cm. high, strigose, spreading-hispid toward base;
leaves oval to elliptic, 2.2 to 5 em. long, 0.8 to 2 em. wide, acute, short-petioled
or subsessile, serrate or serrulate; heads solitary, long-peduncled, about 3 cm.
wide; flowers all purple.
6. Aspilia aggregata Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 102. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, between Bolafios and Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Suffrutescent (?), about 0.5 meter high; stem and branches slender, tubercu-
late-strigose; leaves short-petioled, elliptic, 2.5 to 4 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide,
acute, serrulate, sparsely tuberculate-hispid on both sides; heads small, discoid,
about 9 mm. high, in close clusters of about 2 to 5 apex of long naked peduncles;
phyllaries acuminate, purplish, densely brownish-ciliolate or -ciliate, on back
somewhat strigose and strigillose.
60. TITHONIA Desf.; Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1259. 1791.
REFERENCE: Blake, Revision of the genus Tithonia, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb.
20: 423-436. 1921.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate, or opposite below; heads radiate, yellow,
large, borne on fistulose peduncles; involucre (in the following species) 4-seriate,
strongly graduate, the phyllaries broad; rays neutral; achenes plump; pappus of
free or connate squamellae, with or without awns, or entirely wanting.
Pappus present.
Leaves unlobed; stem densely and canescently pilose-tomentose.
1. T. fruticosa.
Leaves usually 3 or 5-lobed; stem not canescently pilose-tomentose.
2. T. diversifolia.
Pappustwanting 2/0500) 0). ee) na, Sa ie) ee 3. T. scaberrima.
1. Tithonia fruticosa Canby & Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 104. pl. 5.
1891.
Sonora and Sinaloa to Chihuahua and Durango; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Stout shrub, 3 or 4 meters high; leaf blades ovate or lanceolate, 6.5 to 30 cm.
long, 2.2 to 14 ecm. wide, rather softly and densely canescent-pilose; heads 7 to
9.5 cm. wide; pappus a paleaceous crown, the awns obsolete or represented by
short teeth.
2. Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 5. 1883.
Mirasolia diversifolia Hemsl. Biol.-Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 168. pl. 47. 1881.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1541
Veracruz to Oaxaca and Yucatdn; type from Valley of Orizaba, Veracruz.
Guatemala to Costa Rica; established in Ceylon and India.
Stout perennial herb, or perhaps shrubby, 3 to 9 meters high; stem hispid-
pilose to sordidly pilose-tomentose, glabrate; leaf blades ovate or deltoid-ovate,
7 to 20 cm. long, green above, paler or subcanescent beneath; heads 6 to 14 em.
wide; pappus of 2 awns and several squamellae. i Talacnic: ” “oguasmara,”’
“‘mirasol”’ (El Salvador).
2a. Tithonia diversifolia glabriuscula Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20:
435. 1921.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Tuxtepec, Oaxaca.
Stem essentially glabrous; leaves very sparsely pubescent beneath.
3. Tithonia scaberrima Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd.
1852: 91. 1852.
Tithonia platylepis Schultz Bip.; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pi. 2: 368. 1873, as
synonym.
Mirasolia scaberrima Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
168. 1881.
Gymnolomia platylepis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 5. 1883.
Gymnolomia decurrens Klatt, Leopoldina 28: 90. 1889.
Perimeniopsis perfoliata Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 90. 1889, as
synonym.
Tithonia glaberrima Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 371. 1891.
Gymnolomia scaberrima Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 268. 1907.
Veracruz to Chiapas. Guatemala to Costa Rica; type from vicinity of
Chinotega, Segovia, Nicaragua.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent, 1.3 to 5 meters high; stem densely spreading-
pilose or hispid-pilose, or sometimes incurved-hispid; leaf blades ovate or lance-
ovate, 8.5 to 17 cm. long, 2.5 to 9.8 em. wide, acuminate, scabrous above, pale
or canescent beneath with dense spreading hairs; heads 5 to 7 cm. wide; phyl-
laries broadly rounded; pappus none. “ Pulagaste,”’ ‘‘mirasol”’ (El Salvador).
In El Salvador the leaves are used in baths for fevers and colds.
61. VIGUIERA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 224. pl. 379. 1820.
REFERENCE: Blake, A revision of the genus Viguiera, Contr. Gray Herb. n.
ser. 54: 1-205. pl. 1-3. 1918.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves opposite, at least below; heads small to large, yellow
(in our species), radiate; involucre 2 to 7-seriate, graduate or subequal, the
phyllaries usually with indurate base and herbaceous tip; rays neutral; achenes
thickened; pappus persistent, of 2 awns and several free or united squamellae, or
wanting.
Leaves pinnatilobate.
eafdobestattenuatés--22 2 42 222 e 2. 5 es ee eee 19. V. stenoloba.
Leaf lobes blunt (the terminal one sometimes acute).
Leaves densely and softly tomentose beneath_--_--- 17. V. zaluzanioides.
- Leaves not densely tomentose beneath.
Leaves several-lobed, subcanescent beneath __-_---- 16. V. pinnatilobata.
Leaves hastately 3-lobed, scarcely subcanescent beneath.
18. V. tripartita.
Leaves entire to laciniate.
Leaves small (the blades 0.7 to 2.5 cm. long), canescent at least beneath;
heads solitary. a
Pappus none; achene glabrous_-------------------------- 22. V. greggii.
1542 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Pappus present; achene pubescent.
Leaf blades ovate or triangular-ovate, acute or sometimes obtuse.
20. V. brevifolia.
Leaf blades rotund or roundish-ovate, obtuse to rounded or retuse.
21. V. bicolor.
Leaves larger, usually not canescent, or if small, then heads 2 to 4.
Leaves laciniate or deeply jagged-serrate.
Plant resinous; stem pubescent throughout------------ 10. V. laciniata.
Plant not resinous; stem glabrous below____---------- 11. V. subincisa.
Leaves entire or merely serrate.
Plant densely pannose-tomentose____...---------------- 15. V. lanata.
Plant not pannose-tomentose.
Leaf blades narrowly oblong to broadly linear, densely canescent-
higpidulous: beneaths<2 02. =) 27 2 A2te eee 1. V. angustifolia.
Leaves ovate or lance-ovate, usually not canescent-hispidulous beneath.
Leaf blades 'Sitol2 um alonge 2 | sd ee 14. V. microphylla.
Leaf blades larger.
Leaves densely silky or pilose-tomentose beneath.
Pappus none; achenes glabrous-_------------ 7. V. bombycina.
Pappus present; achenes pubescent.
Leaves densely silky-canescent beneath.
6. V. grammatoglossa.
Leaves densely pilose-tomentose beneath.
12. V. tomentosa.
Leaves not densely silky or pilose-tomentose beneath.
Pales tipped with stiff abrupt spreading mucros.
2. V. sphaerocephala.
Pales without stiff spreading mucros.
Heads at first subeylindric, very numerous; involucre 2-seriate,
BibO: Jo miei. Wie ge a 5. V. quinqueradiata.
Heads not subcylindric, usually few.
Involucre 4 to 5-seriate, of linear-lanceolate to lanceolate
phyllaries with thickened midrib.
heaves ovate to ovalin-- 2 == 22s ee 8. V. pringlei.
Leaves lanceolate to ovate-oblong- - --- 9. V. seemannii.
Involucre 2 to 4-seriate, of oblong or lance-ovate phyllaries
without strongly thickened midrib.
Phyllaries with ovate indurate base and lance-oblong
herbaceous apex, canescently strigillose and often
SLTIPOSG ‘DY WISpIG 22 223.2 = Soe ees 13. V. deltoidea.
Phyllaries oblong, with conspicuous pale margins, on
back glabrous, pilosulous, or pilose.
Phyllaries and petioles sparsely ciliate.
3. V. maculata.
Phyllaries and petioles strongly ciliate.
4. V. eriophora.
1. Viguiera angustifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 518.
1916.
_ Tithonia angustifolia Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 435. 1841.
Viguiera blepharolepis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 5. 1883.
Sinaloa, Tepic, and Jalisco; type from Tepic.
Suffrutescent (?); stem slender, densely strigose or strigillose, subglabrate;
leaves opposite, short-petioled, the blades 3 to 9.5 em. long, 4 to 138 mm. wide;
heads solitary, 3 to 5 cm. wide; involucre 11 to 19 mm. high, 4 to 5-seriate, the
phyllaries oval to oblong, canescently strigillose and ciliate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1543
2. Viguiera sphaerocephala (DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 179.
1881.
Leighia sphaerocephala DC. Prodr. 5: 582. 1836.
Encelia squarrosa Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 112. 1903.
Viguiera squarrosa Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 376. 1913.
Guerrero; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrub 5 to 7 meters high; branches sordid-tomentose; leaf blades ovate, 9 to
10 cm. long, crenate-dentate, pilosulous beneath; heads cymose-panicled, 5 em.
wide; phyllaries oblong, ciliolate and puberulous, the spreading herbaceous tips
as long as the indurate body.
3. Viguiera maculata (T. S. Brandeg.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 374.
1913.
Encelia maculata T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 259. 1908.
Oaxaca and Puebla; type from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Shrub; branches appressed-pubescent; leaf blades ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to
12 cm. long, harshly lepidote-strigillose above, hispidulous beneath; heads 2.7 to
3.5 cm. wide, in cymose panicles of 3 to 8; involucre 6 to 7 mm. high, the phyllaries
with abrupt triangular herbaceous tips.
4. Viguiera eriophora Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 104. 1903.
Oaxaca.
Shrub; branches canescent-tomentose; leaf blades ovate, 7 to 13.5 em. long,
serrate, tuberculate-hispidulous above, hispidulous-pilosulous beneath; heads
2.5 to 5 em. wide, numerous in trichotomous panicles; involucre 8 to 10 mm. high.
5. Viguiera quinqueradiata (Cav.) A. Gray in 8. Wats. Proce. Amer. Acad. 22:
426. 1887.
Helianthus quinque-radiatus Cay. Icon. Pl. 3: 36. pl. 272. 1795.
Leighia ? leptocephala DC. Prodr. 5: 582. 1836.
Jalisco; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrub, 3 to 7 meters high; branchlets puberulous; leaf blades ovate, 3 to 15 cm.
long, serrulate or serrate, scabrous above, loosely hispidulous-pilosulous beneath;
heads about 2 cm. wide, the disk at first 1 em. high, 3.5 to 5 mm. thick. “Vara
blanca”’ (Duges).
6. Viguiera grammatoglossa DC. Prodr. 5: 580. 1836.
Encelia hypargyrea Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 155. 1895.
Not V. hypargyrea Greenm. 1903.
Viguiera argyrophylla Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 374. 1913.
Michoacan, Puebla, and Oaxaca; type from Tlapujahua, Michoacdn.
Shrubby (?), 1.6 to 5 meters high; stem densely hispid-pilose; leaf blades 4.4 to
8 em. long, greenish above, densely appressed-silky beneath; heads in cymose
panicles of 2 to 8, 2.8 to 5 cm. wide; involucre 8 to 10.5 mm. high, hispid-pilose
or subsericeous.
7. Viguiera bombycina Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 71. 1918.
Gymnolomia sericea Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 90. 1887. Not Viguiera sericea
A. Gray, 1883.
Puebla; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrubby; stem subsericeous-pilose, subglabrate; leaf blades 2.5 to 5.3 em.
long, entire, dull green or canescent above, densely silky-pilose with appressed
hairs beneath; heads 1 to 3, 4.5 em. wide; involucre 7 to 8 mm. high, silky-pilose.
8. Viguiera pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 387. 1894.
Tepic and Jalisco; type from Zapotlan, Jalisco.
Shrub up to 3.3 meters high; stem tuberculate-hispid; leaf blades 4 to 7.3
em. long, subsessile, green and harshly lepidote-tuberculate on both sides, strongly
1544 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
reticulate beneath; heads 2.5 em. wide, in contracted cymes or cymose panicles
of 3 to 15; phyllaries densely granular-tuberculate, hispidulous-ciliolate.
9. Viguiera seemannii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 305. 1856.
Oyedaea seemanni A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 10. 1883.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico.
Frutescent; stem densely tuberculate-setulose and hispidulous; leaf blades
4 to 10 cm. long, harshly tuberculate-setulose above, hispid-pilosulous beneath
and reticulate; heads 1.7 em. wide, subsessile in cymes of 3 to 5; phyllaries tuber-
culate and hispidulous.
10. Viguiera laciniata A. Gray in Torr. U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 89. 1859.
Northern Baja California. California; type from Rancho Gamacha, east of
San Diego.
Frutescent, up to 1.3 meters high; leaves alternate, the blades lanceolate to
lance-ovate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, lacinately repand-lobate, green and tuberculate-
hispid on both sides; heads 1.7 to 2.7 em. wide, in cymose panicles of 3 to 13;
involucre 6 mm. high, hispidulous.
11. Viguiera subincisa Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 27. 1844.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Magdalena Bay, Baja
California.
Suffrutescent (?) or herbaceous, about 60 cm. high; leaves opposite below,
alternate above, the blades ovate, 4.8 to 6.3 cm. long, incisely jagged-serrate
with 5 to 10 pairs of triangular teeth; heads 1.4 to 3.5 em. wide, 12 to 26 ina
narrow long-peduncled panicle; involucre 3.5 mm. high, strigillose.
12. Viguiera tomentosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 161. 1861.
Cape region of Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Shrubby, 3 to 4 meters high; stem pilosulous; leaf blades ovate or triangular-
ovate, 4 to 10 cm. long, canescent or greenish-canescent above; heads 3.3 to 4
cm. wide, 3 to 16 in terminal panicles; involucre 6 to 10 mm. high, densely
pilose-tomentose.
13. Viguiera deltoidea A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 161. 1861.
Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Shrub, 3 meters high; stem strigillose or hispid; leaf blades deltoid-ovate, 2.5
to 6.5 cm. long, usually dentate, harshly or rather softly pubescent beneath;
heads several, usually about 3.5 em. wide.
13a. Viguiera deltoidea townsendii Vasey & Rose, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.
13: 148. 1890.
Known only from the type locality, Socorro Island.
Leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate, 2.5 to 5.7 em. long, obtuse or rounded,
entire, scabrously tuberculate-strigillose above, beneath rather softly pilose or
sometimes hispidulous-strigillose; heads 1.7 to 3.8 em. wide.
13b. Viguiera deltoidea tastensis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 161. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra El Taste, Baja California.
Leaf blades 6 to 10 em. long, very harsh above, beneath rather softly and
densely hispidulous-pilosulous, crenate-dentate; heads 4.5 to 5 em. wide.
13c. Viguiera deltoidea parishii (Greene) Vasey & Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat.
Herb. 1: 72. 1890.
Viguiera parishii Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 15. 1882.
Sonora and northern Baja California. Nevada to California and Arizona;
type from San Luis Rey, California.
Stem harshly tuberculate-hispidulous; leaf blades rather small, deltoid, strongly
toothed and reticulate, harshly pubescent; heads mostly solitary and long-
peduncled.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1545
13d. Viguiera deltoidea chenopodina (Greene) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n.
ser. 54: 91. 1918.
Viguiera chenopodina Greene, Leaflets 2: 154. 1911.
Baja California; type collected between Santo Domingo and Matancita.
Leaf blades small, deltoid- or rhombic-ovate, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, entire, obtuse
‘or rounded, canescent-strigillose beneath or on both sides.
14. Viguiera microphylla Vasey & Rose, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11: 535. 1890.
Northern Baja California; type collected 64 km. inland from Lagoon Head.
Shrubby, about 60 cm. high; branches canescent-strigillose; leaf blades ovate,
8 to 12 mm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, entire, canescent-strigillose; heads 2 to 4,
long-peduncled, 1.5 cm. wide; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high, canescent-strigillose.
15. Viguiera lanata (Kellogg) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 218. 1882.
Bahiopsis lanata Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 35. 1863.
Cedros Island, Baja California.
Frutescent at base, 35 to 55 cm. high, densely pannose-tomentose; leaves
chiefly basal, the blades oval or roundish-ovate, 2.5 to 5.5 em. long; heads few,
4.5 to 6 em. wide.
16. Viguiera pinnatilobata (Schultz Bip.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser.
54: 95. 1918.
Zaluzania pinnatilobata Schultz Bip. Flora 47: 219. 1864.
Gymnolomia pinnatilobata Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
163. 1881.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacan, Puebla.
Shrubby, 1 meter high; stem puberulous; leaves chiefly alternate, the blades
ovate or deltoid-ovate in outline, 2 to 4 em. long, deeply pinnatilobate, the lobes
1 to 3 pairs, short, entire or slightly toothed or lobed; heads in cymose panicles
of 3 or more, 3.5 cm. wide; involucre sparsely strigose and strigillose; achenes
glabrous, epappose.
17. Viguiera zaluzanioides Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 96. 1918.
Known only from the type locality, San Antonio, Oaxaca.
Shrubby; stem and branches canescently pilosulous-tomentose, subglabrate;
leaf blades ovate or triangular-ovate in outline, 2 to 4.5 em. long, pinnately
5 to 7-lobed, canescent-tomentose beneath; heads about 1.4 em. wide; involucre
rather densely pilose; achenes glabrous, epappose.
18. Viguiera tripartita (Robins. & Greenm.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 97.
1918.
Gymnolomia tripartita Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 154. 1895.
Oaxaca; type from Cuicatlan.
Herbaceous (?); stem nearly glabrous; leaf blades lanceolate or lance-ovate in
outline, 4 to 6 cm. long, deeply 3-lobed, with short, blunt, entire or slightly lobed
divisions, barely subcanescent beneath; heads 2 em. wide; involucre sparsely
strigose; achenes glabrous, epappose.
19. Viguiera stenoloba Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 97. 1918.
Heliomeris tenuifolia A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 84. 1849. Not
V. tenuifolia Gardn. 1848.
Gymnolomia tenuifolia Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
163. 1881.
Chihuahua to Tamaulipas; type from Coahuila. Texas.
Much-branched shrub 1 meter high; stem glabrous or strigillose; leaf blades
ovate in outline, 2.5 to 6 em. long, divided nearly to midrib into 3 to 7 linear or
linear-lanceolate lobes 1 to 5 mm. wide, canescent-strigillose beneath; heads
solitary, 1.8 to 3 cm. wide; achenes glabrous, epappose.
1546 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
20. Viguiera brevifolia Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 103. 1903.
Coahuila and Durango; type from Mapim{, Durango.
Much-branched shrub 1 meter high; stem strigillose; leaf blades 1 to 2.1 em.
long, above greenish or canescent, beneath canescent-strigillose; heads 1.4 em.
wide; achenes sparsely pubescent near apex; pappus squamellae equaling the
awns.
21. Viguiera bicolor Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 519. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, between Rio Grande and Jamaltepec,
Hidalgo (?).
Shrub; branches canescent-strigillose; leaf blades 1.2 to 1.8 em. long, greenish
above, canescent-strigillose beneath; heads 1.8 cm. wide; achenes subsericeous;
pappus squamellae shorter than the awns.
22. Viguiera greggii (A. Gray) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 100. 1918.
Gymnolomia greggit A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 36. 1879.
Coahuila.
Much-branched undershrub 30 to 40 em. high, finely canescent; leaf blades
broadly ovate or oval, 7 to 25 mm. long, rounded to obtuse, greenish above,
canescent-strigillose beneath; heads 1.8 to 4 em. wide; achenes glabrous, epap-
pose.
62. ALVORDIA T.S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 174. 1889.
Frutescent; leaves opposite, or alternate above, subentire; heads 1 to 5-flow-
ered, radiate or discoid, in small terminal glomerules; involucre compressed,
strongly graduate, the phyllaries indurate; rays neutral; achenes thickened;
pappus of about 10 to 20 unequal paleaceous awns.
The following treatment contains all the known species of this genus.
Phyllaries densely strigillose dorsally; rays 1 or 2____-______- 1. A. glomerata.
Phyllaries ciliolate, essentially glabrous dorsally; rays none.
Ibeavestovate, 1.3 to scm. swidestooa=5 2 Bi soe ae sees 2. A. fruticosa.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 10 mm. wide______________- 3. A. angusta.
1. Alvordia glomerata T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 174. 1889.
Baja California; type from mesas about Purfsima and Comondu.
Shrubby, strigillose, about 1.3 meters high; leaf blades ovate or oval, 2 to 5
em. long, triplinerved, petiolate; involucre 6 to 8 mm. high; rays 1 or 2; disk
flowers 2 or 3.
2. Alvordia fruticosa T. 8. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 5. 1899.
Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Similar; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high; heads 2 or 3-flowered.
3. Alvordia angusta Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 42. 1917.
Baja California; type from Todos Santos.
Similar to A. fruticosa; leaves much narrower; heads 1 or 2-flowered.
63. HELIANTHUS L. Sp. Pl. 904. 1753.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves opposite or alternate; heads small to large, the rays
yellow, the disk yellow, brown, or purple; involucre 2 to several-seriate, the
phyllaries usually herbaceous at least at tip; rays neutral; achenes thickened;
pappus deciduous, of 2 paleaceous awns and sometimes several intermediate
squamellae.
The English name ‘“‘sunflower’’ is applied commonly to the herbaceous species
of the genus, while the usual Spanish names are ‘‘mirasol”’ and ‘‘girasol.”’
Leaves alternate, the blades 4.5 cm. long or less_______--___----- 1. H. niveus.
Leaves opposite, the blades up to 12 em. long________-.....-.-.-- 2. H. similis.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1547
1. Helianthus niveus (Benth.) T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 173.
1889.
Encelia nivea Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 27. 1844.
Helianthus tephrodes A. Gray in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 90. 1859.
Viguiera nivea A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 658. 1873.
Viguiera tephrodes A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 218. 1882.
Gymnolomia encelioides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 4. 1883.
Helianthus dealbatus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 280. 1884.
Viguiera sonorae Rose & Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 20. pl. 16. 1912.
Sonora and Baja California; type from San Quintin, Baja California. Cali-
fornia.
Suffrutescent (sometimes annual?), decumbent at base, 30 to 60 em. high, canes-
cent-strigillose; leaf blades ovate or lance-ovate to oblong, obtuse to acuminate,
cuneate to subcordate at base, slender-petioled, entire to serrulate, sometimes
greenish above; heads several, long-peduncled, about 2.5 em. wide; disk purple;
pappus of several unequal deciduous awns and squamellae.
2. Helianthus similis (T. 8. Brandeg.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 54:
189. 1918.
Viguiera similis T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 260. 1908.
Cape Region of Baja California.
Suffruticose, thinly tomentose, 1 meter high; leaf blades cordate, long-acu-
minate, sharply serrate; pappus of 2 awns and usually a few squamellae. (Descrip-
tion compiled.) ,
64. PERYMENIUM Schrad. ‘‘Ind. Sem. Hort. Gotting. 1830;” Linnaea 6:
Litt.-Ber. 73. 1831.
REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 521—529. 1899.
Shrubs or herbs, usually strigillose or strigose; leaves opposite, usually ovate,
serrate, and petioled; heads radiate, yellow or the rays rarely white, solitary,
cymose, or panicled; involucre 2 to 4-seriate, the phyllaries usually indurate below
and with short herbaceous tips; receptacle paleaceous; rays pistillate; achenes
somewhat compressed, wingless or rarely winged; pappus of several to many
unequal or subequal setiform deciduous awns.
Leaves green above, densely and canescently or subcanescently tomentose,
hispidulous, or strigillose beneath.
Leaves narrowly linear, 1 to 4 mm. wide____--------- 28. P. stenophyllum.
Leaves lanceolate to ovate.
Heads larger, the disk in anthesis usually 1 cm. wide or more.
38. P. nelsonii.
Heads smaller, the disk in anthesis much less than 1 em. wide.
Leaves lanceolate or lance-ovate, more than 3 times as long as wide.
Phyllaries acute or acuminate; leaves densely hispidulous with spread-
ing hairs beneath, narrowed to an obtuse or obtusish tip.
29. P. angustifolium.
Phyllaries obtuse or rounded; leaves densely strigillose or hispidulous
with subappressed hairs beneath, acuminate to a very acute tip.
Leaves turning blackish in drying; pedicels usually elongate.
27. P. pellitum.
Leaves not blackening in drying; pedicels usually short.
Leaves serrate or serrulate, not rugose above__25. P. croceum.
Leaves subentire, strongly impressed-veined and rugose above.
26. P. discolor.
1548 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves ovate, less than 3 times as long as wide.
Phyllaries distinctly acute or acuminate.
Phyllaries and under surface of leaves pilose-tomentose or villous.
Leaves cordate at base, scabrous above____- 12. P. asperifolium.
Leaves cuneate or rounded-cuneate at base, scarcely scabrous above.
30. P. lasiolepis.
Phyllaries strigillose; leaves subcanescently strigose and strigillose or
hispidulous beneath.
Leaves slightly reticulate, strigose and strigillose or antrorse-
hispitlulous: beneath 2.02) sents ec St 31. P. blepharolepis.
Leaves densely reticulate and hispidulous with more or less spread-
ing: hairs beneab bed .a4h- 20 oace cape 32. P. hypoleucum.
Phyllaries obtuse or rounded, or sometimes acuminately narrowed to an
obtuse apex.
Involucre 4 to 6.5 mm. high.
Involucre 4 to 4.5 mm. high, 4.5 to 5 mm. thick.
32. P. hypoleucum.
Involucre 5.5 to 6.5 mm. high, 5 to 7 mm. thick.
33. P. consobrinum.
Involucre 7 to 8 mm. high.
Pubescence of the lower leaf surface ochroleucous__34. P. collinum.
Pubescence of the lower leaf surface bluish white-_35. P. ovatum.
Leaves green beneath as well as above.
Heads large, the disk in anthesis 8 to 12 mm. thick.
Petioles 3 mm. long or less.
Phyllaries with herbaceous tips_________________ 5. P. subsquarrosum.
Phyllaries without herbaceous tips____.__________ 36. P. acuminatum.
Petioles of the larger leaves 1 cm. long or more.
Middle and inner phyllaries 5 mm. wide or more, broadly rounded.
39. P. latisgquamum.
Middle and inner phyllaries-less than 5 mm. wide.
Leaves hispidulous chiefly along the veins beneath; some of the phyl-
laries usually acute or acuminate_-_-___-_ 37. P. macrocephalum.
Leaves rather densely pilosulous to subtomentose beneath; phyllaries
all obtuse or rounded at apex_________---_-__--- 38. P. nelsonii.
Heads smaller, the disk in anthesis 7 mm. thick or less.
Leaves, branchlets, and involucres densely glandular__13. P. glandulosum.
Leaves, branchlets, and involucres not densely glandular, the involucre
sometimes with a few glands.
Heads solitary and long-peduncled, or several and cymose at the tip of
an elongate, essentially naked peduncle. °
Heads solitary, rarely 2 or 3, long-peduncled__1. P. buphthalmoides.
Heads several, cymose at the tips of elongate, essentially naked pe-
duncles.
Leaves (at least the middle and upper) entire, strongly conduplicate.
2. P. jaliscense.
Leaves distinctly serrate or serrulate.
Leaves conduplicate; phyllaries essentially without herbaceous
{i 0); Eee eee NT canoes cele eS AE ESN, 4. P. chihuahuense.
Leaves plane, rarely somewhat conduplicate; phyllaries with
distinctly herbaceous tips.
Stem leaves smaller, elliptic to lanceolate, 1.8 em. wide or less.
3. P. parvifolium.
Stem leaves larger, ovate, 2 to 3.5 cm. wide.
5. P. subsquarrosum.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1549
Heads cymose or cymose-panicled at tips of stem and branches, rarely
solitary and very short-peduncled.
Leaves linear or linear-elliptic, 1.2 to 2.4 em. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide
16. P. microphyllum.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate, much larger.
Phyllaries (at least the inner) acute or acuminate.
Leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, cuneate at base.
Leaves very scabrous on both sides_______ 23. P. chalarolepis.
Leaves smooth or nearly so above, slightly scabrous beneath.
24. P. ghiesbreghtii.
Leaves ovate or lance-ovate.
Heads few, 3 to 5 at apex of branches, long-pedicéled.
7. P. cornutum.
Heads usually numerous, cymose or cymose-panicled.
Involucre 2.5 to! 3. mm high. 222252) 2) 10. P. globosum.
Involucre 4 mm. high or more.
Phyllaries coarsely villous; leaves villous beneath.
12. P. asperifolium.
Phyllaries not villous; leaves harshly pubescent beneath.
Leaves acutely cuneate at base, usually oblong-ovate or
lance-ovete i235. en. ee oe 15. P. purpusii.
Leaves cuneate-rounded to truncate at base, mostly ovate.
Phyllaries mostly acuminate____11. P. verbesinoides.
Phyllaries acutish.
Involucre bearing a few shining glands.
17. P. goldmanii.
Involucre without shining glands.
Leaves less than 5 em. long.
Rays much longer than the disk.____ 8. P. rude.
Rays equaling the disk______ 18. P. pinetorum.
Leaves 6'to 11 em. long_--.-___-+- 9. P. pringlei.
Phyllaries obtuse or rounded.
Leaves distinctly lanceolate.
Stem simple; leaves strigillose beneath.
19. P. rotundisquamum.
Stem branched; leaves antrorse-hispidulous or spreading-hispidu-
Tousybenea th= 7 2a ee Eee 20. P. lancifolium.
Leaves ovate or lance-ovate.:
Heads very small, the involucre in anthesis 3 mm. thick.
Leaves 3 cm. long or less; pedicels 7 to 16 mm. long.
21. P. microcephalum.
Leaves up to 10 cm. long; pedicels 1.2 to 2.5 em. long.
22. P. gracile.
Heads larger, the disk in anthesis 4 mm. thick or more.
Phyllaries bearing a few shining glands____17. P. goldmanii.
Phyllaries without glands.
Petioles 1 cm. long or more.
Leaves usually rounded at base, ovate____9. P. pringlei.
Leaves acutely cuneate at base, usually oblong-ovate or
IANCE=OVATCE 222s oe eo eee 15. P. purpusii.
Petioles much less than 1 cm. long.
Leaves reflexed, conduplicate, with crisped margins.
4. P. chihuahuense.
Leaves not reflexed, plane.
Leaves cordate-ovate, small, 1.5 to 3 em. long.
6. P. subcordatum.
1550 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves rarely cordate, mostly larger.
Heads few, borne on long pedicels in the upper axils
or in a long-peduncled umbellate cyme; phylla-
ries with subsquarrose thick-herbaceous tips.
5. P. subsquarrosum.
Heads usually numerous and panicled; phyllaries with
usually appressed tips.
Heads usually loosely panicled or cymose, much
exceeding the leaves; involucre 4 to 7 mm.
high, not strongly graduate________ 8. P. rude.
Heads usually closely cymose-panicled at apex of
branches, scarcely or not surpassing the leaves;
involucre about 4-seriate, strongly graduate,
50.8. mm shigh sees s 14. P. berlandierii.
1. Perymenium buphthalmoides DC. Prodr. 5: 609. 1836.
San Luis Potosi to Jalisco, Michoacan, and Puebla; type from Mexico, without
definite locality.
Suffrutescent, usually 30 em. high or less, many-stemmed, usually ascending,
strigose or strigillose; leaves short-petioled, elliptic to oblong, sharply serrate,
1 to 7.5 em. long; heads about 3 em. wide, long-peduncled, usually solitary;
phyllaries 2-seriate, subequal, acute or acuminate.
2. Perymenium jaliscense Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 154.
1895.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Suffrutescent or ‘‘herbaceous,’’ about 45 em. high, strigose and strigillose;
leaves short-petioled, the blades elliptic to oblong, 3 to 5.5 em. long, mostly
reflexed, conduplicate, entire; heads few, cymose at apex of usually elongate
peduncles; involucre about 5 mm. high. i
3. Perymenium parvifolium A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 36. 1879.
Chihuahua to Querétaro; type from city of San Luis Potosi.
Suffrutescent or truly shrubby, much-branched, strigose and strigillose; stem
leaves lanceolate, rarely ovate, 2 to 5 em. long, 1.8 em. wide or less, serrate;
those of the branches usually very small, linear or elliptic and obtuse; heads 2.5
em. wide or usually less; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse or
sometimes acutish.
4. Perymenium chihuahuense Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 625. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, near city of Chihuahua.
Shrub, strigose and strigillose, with long erect simple branches; leaves short-
petioled, lance-ovate, 2 to 3 cm. long, 7 to 10 mm. wide, reflexed, conduplicate,
plicate-crisped on margin; heads small, in terminal clusters of 3 to 5; involucre
4 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse or the outer acutish, densely cinereous-
strigillose and ciliate, practically without herbaceous tips.
5. Perymenium subsquarrosum Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34:
524. 1899.
Zacatecas and Puebla; type from Plateado, Zacatecas.
Shrubby, up to 2.6 meters high, strigillose and strigose; leaves short-petioled,
the blades ovate, acute or acuminate, subcordate to rounded at base, the larger
3 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 em. wide, very rough on both sides; heads long-peduncied
from the upper axils, or in a pedunculate cyme; involucre 5 to 7 cm. high, the
phyllaries ovate, with obtuse, subsquarrose, herbaceous tips.
6. Perymenium subcordatum Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 622. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Tlapancingo, Oaxaca.
Shrub with flexuous branches, strigose and strigillose; leaves short-petioled,
ovate, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 9 to 17 mm. wide, acute, slightly cordate to broadly
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS ‘OF MEXICO 1551
rounded at base, serrulate, roughish on both sides; heads 3 or 4 toward tips of
branches, axillary and terminal, long-peduncled; involucre about 5 mm. high,
the phyllaries obtuse or rounded, with obscurely herbaceous tips.
7. Perymenium cornutum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 192.
1911.
San Luis Potosi; type from Agua Media.
Suffrutescent or “herbaceous,” 35 cm. high and more, hispidulous-strigillose
and somewhat glandular; petioles 4 to 10 mm. long; blades ovate or lance-ovate,
4 to 5.5 em. long, 2 to 3 em. wide, serrate or serrulate; peduncles 2.5 to 9 cm.
long; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate, the inner or all acute or
acutish.
8. Perymenium rude Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 526. 1899.
Puebla, Morelos, and Oaxaca; type from Las Sedas, Oaxaca.
Shrub 1 to 2 meters high, strigose and strigillose; leaves short-petioled, the
blades ovate, 2 to 4.5 em. long, 1 to 2.3 em. wide, acute, rounded-cuneate to
subtruncate at base, serrate, green and rough above, beneath paler green and
rather densely hispidulous with chiefly antrorse hairs; heads about 1.8 cm. wide,
few, cymose, and rather long-peduncled, or more numerous and cymose-panicled;
involucre 4 to 7 mm. high, the phyllaries chiefly obtuse.
9. Perymenium pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 526.
1899.
Sinaloa and Jalisco; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Shrubby; stem strigose or strigillose; petioles 5 to 20 mm. long; blades ovate,
6 to 11 cm. long, 2 to 4 em. wide, acuminate, coarsely serrate to subentire, harsh
on both sides, beneath venose, hispid, and hispidulous; heads cymose-panicled;
involucre 6 to 7 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse or subacute. ‘‘Guisandira”’
(Sinaloa).
10. Perymenium globosum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 40. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, Uruapan, Michoacan.
Shrubby, 2 meters high; stem strigillose; petioles 8 to 15 mm. long; blades
ovate, 8 to 12 cm. long, 4 to 5 em. wide, acuminate, rounded or shortly cuneate
at base, closely serrate, roughish on both sides, prominulous-reticulate beneath
and there hispidulous and gland-dotted; heads numerous; involucre short, 3 mm.
high, the phyllaries ovate, acute or acuminate.
11. Perymenium verbesinoides DC. Prodr. 5: 608. 1836.
Hidalgo to Guerrero; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrubby, up to 2.6 meters high; stem strigose and strigillose; petioles 2 to 13
mm. long; blades ovate, 2.5 to 8.5 em. long, acute or acuminate, truncate to
subcuneate at base, serrate, rough above, antrorse- or divergent-hispidulous
beneath; heads usually in small close cymose panicles; involucre 5 to 7 mm.
high, the phyllaries ovate, acute or usually acuminate.
12. Perymenium asperifolium Schultz Bip.; Kiatt, Leopoldina 23: 143.
1887.
Known only from the type locality, Ejutla, Oaxaca.
Leaves short-petioled, 3.7 cm. long, 1.8 em. wide, cordate, scabrous above,
villous beneath; heads cymose; phyllaries 2-seriate, oblong-lanceolate, acute,
densely villous. (Description compiled.)
13. Perymenium glandulosum T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 261. 1908.
Known only from the type locality, Barranca de Tlacuilosto, Puebla.
Small shrub; younger branches, leaves, and involucre very glandular and more
or less hispid or strigose; leaves short-petioled, lanceolate or lance-elliptic,
cuneate at base, 2 to 3.5 em. long, 6 to 11 mm. wide, scabrous-pubescent; heads
several, closely cymose, short-pedicelled; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, the inner
phyllaries long-acuminate, spreading at apex.
57020—26——16
1552 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
14. Perymenium berlandierii DC. Prodr. 5: 608. 1836.
Perymenium mendezii cylindrocephalum Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad.
34: 528. 1899.
Hidalgo to Morelos and Puebla; Chiapas; type from Villalpando.
Shrub, up to 4 meters high, strigose and strigillose; leaves short-petioled, lance-
ovate or ovate, 3.5 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 4 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, cuneate
to rounded at base, rather thick, serrate or serrulate; heads usually in close
terminal cymes, often surpassed by the leaves; involucre 3 or 4-seriate, 5 to 8
mm. high, the phyllaries mostly oval or oblong, obtuse or rounded.
15. Perymenium purpusii T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 74. 1914.
Perymenium leptopodum Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 523. 1916.
Chiapas; type from Cerro del Boquerén. Guatemala.
Shrubby, 2 meters high, rather sparsely strigose and strigillose; petioles usually
1 to 1.6 cm. long; blades mostly oblong-ovate or lance-ovate, 4.6 to 8.5 cm. long,
1.5 to 4 cm. wide, acute or acuminate, cuneate or rarely rounded at base, serrate;
heads usually rather numerous, cymose, on pedicels 0.5 to 3.2 em. long; involucre
4 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate, obtuse to acute.
16. Perymenium microphyllum Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 84:
527. 1899.
Durango, without definite locality.
Shrub;. branches strigillose; leaves short-petioled, linear or linear-elliptic, 1.2
to 2.4 em. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, acute, entire, revolute-margined, scabrous;
heads scattered, axillary and terminal, small, the pedicels 7 mm. long; involucre
7 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate or lanceolate, the tips herbaceous, loose, obtuse
to acute.
17. Perymenium goldmanii Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 269. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, Apazote, near Yohalttin, Campeche.
Shrubby; stem strigillose; petioles 3 to 12 mm. long; blades ovate or lance-
ovate, 4.5 to 8 cm. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate, broadly rounded to sub-
cordate at base, crenate-serrate to subentire, rough above, hirsute and hir-
sutulous beneath and dotted with shining glands; heads small, few or numerous
in close cymose clusters; involucre 4 mm. high, the phyllaries acute to obtusish,
somewhat dotted with shining glands.
18. Perymenium pinetorum T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 420.
1924.
Known only from the type locality, near Hacienda Monserrate, Chiapas.
Branching shrub, the stem strigillose; leaves short-petioled, the blades ovate
or oval-ovate, 2.5 to 3.8 cm. long, 1 to 1.6 cm. wide, acute, rounded at base,
serrulate, rough-strigillose on both sides, green and scarcely paler beneath;
heads few, small, in small terminal cymose clusters, the pedicels 3 mm. long or
less; involucre 4 mm. high, the phyllaries acute or subacuminate, strigillose;
rays about 3, about 3 mm. long; disk flowers about 7.
19. Perymenium rotundisquamum Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 623.
1924.
Known only from the type locality, Vallecito, Michoacdn or Guerrero.
Suffrutescent, tufted; stems strigillose, simple, remotely leafy; leaves short-
petioled, the blades lance-oblong or oblong, 3 to 4.8 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide,
acute, cuneate at base, serrulate, scabrous above, beneath strigillose and pro-
-minulous-reticulate; heads in small cymes at apex of stem and on subterminal
peduncles; involucre about 4 mm. high, the inner phyllaries suborbicular, broadly
rounded.
20. Perymenium lancifolium Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 623. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Batel, Concordia, Sinaloa.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1553.
Shrubby; stem strigillose; petioles 6 to 10 mm. long; blades lanceolate, 6 to
10 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide, long-acuminate, acutely cuneate at base, serrulate,
rough above, antrorse-hispid and hispidulous beneath; heads in cymes or cymose
panicles; pedicels usually about 1.8 em. long; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, all but
the outermost phyllaries oval, with broadly rounded tips.
21. Perymenium microcephalum Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 28: 143.
1887.
Oaxaca; type from Santa Talea.
Shrubby, finely strigillose; petioles of the upper leaves 4 to 8 mm. long; blades
of the upper leaves ovate-lanceolate or ovate, 3 cm. long or less, half as wide,
serrate, acute or acuminate, rounded at base; heads numerous, about 1.2 em.
wide; involucre 5 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse, the inner with scarious yel-
lowish tips.
22. Perymenium gracile Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 181. 1881.
Known only from the type locality, San Cristébal, Orizaba, Veracruz.
Strigillose; petioles up to 12 mm. long; blades lance-ovate, up to 10 em. long,
very acute, serrulate, scabrid-strigillose; heads small, few-flowered, numerous in
leafy panicles; involucre 4 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse. (Description
compiled.)
23. Perymenium chalarolepis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 525.
1899.
iknown only from the type locality, mountains of Chiapas.
Shrub; branches strigillose; petioles 6 to 9 mm. long; blades lanceolate, 4 to
6 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 em. wide, acuminate, sharply serrate, scabrous on both
sides; heads small, borne in numerous 5-headed terminal cymes; phyllaries
ovate, acuminate, spreading-tipped. (Description compiled.)
24. Perymenium ghiesbreghtii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34:
525. 1899.
Chiapas.
Shrub 1 to 2 meters high; branches strigillose, glabrate; petioles 5 to 12 mm.
long; blades lance-oblong, 6 to 11 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate
at base, serrate, smoothish above, appressed-hirsutulous beneath; heads in small
close cymes; involucre about 5 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate, acuminate, with
spreading tips.
25. Perymenium croceum Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 527.
1899.
Durango.
Shrub; branches strigillose; petioles about 5 mm. long; blades lanceolate or
lance-oblong, 5 to 9 cm. long, 1.3 to 1.8 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base,
serrate, green and rough above, densely and subcanescently strigillose beneath;
heads in cymes of 3 to 5, short-pediceled; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, the phyl-
laries obtuse or the outer acutish, appressed.
26. Perymenium discolor Schrad. ‘‘Ind. Sem. Hort. Gott. 1830;” Linnaea 6:
Litt.-Ber. 73. 1831.
Oaxaca.
Shrub up to 5 meters high; branches strigose or strigillose; leaves short-
petioled, lanceolate, 2 to 6.5 cm. long, 5 to 14 mm. wide, attenuate, acutely
cuneate at base, green, scabrous, impressed-veined and somewhat rugose above,
beneath densely and canescently subtomentose-hispidulous; heads in rounded
panicles; involucre 4 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse or rounded.
27. Perymenium pellitum Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 143. 1887.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Yavesia, Oaxaca.
Similar to P. discolor; leaves nigrescent in drying; heads usually in 3’s, on
pedicels 2 to 6 cm. long.
1554 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
28. Perymenium stenophyllum Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32:
191. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, San Ignacio, Sinaloa.
Shrubby; branches strigose and strigillose; leaves short-petioled, narrowly
linear, 3 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 4 mm. wide, acuminate at both ends, 1-nerved,
roughish above, densely and finely canescent-tomentulose beneath; heads in
terminal clusters of 3 to 7, the pedicels 3 to 40 mm. long; involucre 4 to (fruit)
7 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse to rounded.
29. Perymenium angustifolium T. 8S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 260. 1908.
Puebla; type from Cerro San Luis.
Shrub; branches strigose; leaves short-petioled, elliptic-lanceolate, 2 to 5 em.
long, 4 to 7 mm. wide, usually obtusish, cuneate at base, serrate, rough and
rugose above, beneath densely and canescently or cinereously subtomentose-
hispidulous; heads in small terminal cymes or cymose panicles; involucre 5 to 6
mm. high, the phyllaries acute’ or acuminate.
30. Perymenium lasiolepis Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 625. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, San Simén, Puebla.
Shrub; branches spreading-hispidulous; leaves short-petioled, rhombic-ovate,
2 to 3.3 em. long, 1 to 1.8 em. wide, acutish, rounded-cuneate at base, hispid-
pilose above, beneath densely and canescently pilose-tomentose; heads in rather
small panicles; involucre 6 to 7 mm. high, the phyllaries lance-ovate, acuminate,
spreading-tipped, densely pubescent.
31. Perymenium blepharolepis Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 522. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Coxcatlin, Puebla.
Shrub; branches strigillose; leaves short-petioled, ovate, 2.5 to 3.8 em. long,
1 to 1.8 em. wide, subacuminate, cuneate or rounded-cuneate at base, above
strigillose, beneath subcanescently antrorse-hispid and hispidulous; heads 5 to
7, eymose-panicled; involucre 7 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate to lance-ovate,
subacute.
32. Perymenium hypoleucum Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 523. 1916.
Known definitely only from the type locality, San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Shrub; branches strigillose; leaves short-petioled, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2 to
3 cm. long, 1 to 2 em. wide, obtuse to acute, cuneate-rounded at base, harsh
above, densely and glaucescently subtomentose-hispidulous beneath; heads
several, closely cymose-panicled; involucre 4 to 4.5 em. high, the phyllaries
densely strigillose, obtuse or rounded.
33. Perymenium consobrinum Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 22: 626. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Los Naranjos, Oaxaca.
Shrubby; branches reflexed-hispidulous; leaves short-petioled, ovate or lance-
ovate, 2.5 to 4 em. long, 1.2 to 2 em. wide, acute, cuneate at base, roughish and
rugose above, beneath densely and subtomentosely hispid-pilose with glaucescent
hairs; heads about 5, in umbelliform cymes, on pedicels 1 to 5 cm. long; involucre
about 6 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse, with spreading herbaceous tips.
84. Perymenium collinum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 395.
1909.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Gentile, Puebla.
Shrub; branches subtomentose-pilosulous with spreading hairs; leaves short-
peticled, broadly ovate, 1 to 1.8 em. long, 8 to 14 mm. wide, acute, at base
rounded or subcordate, harsh above, densely and ochroleucously subtomentose-
hispidulous beneath; heads 3 to 5, short-pediceled; involucre 7 mm. high, the
phyllaries ovate, obtuse, pubescent.
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1555
35. Perymenium ovatum T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 261. 1908.
Known only from the type locality, Barranca de Tlaquilosto, Puebla.
Small shrub; branches strigose or short-hispid; leaves short-petioled, ovate,
1.5 to 3 cm. long, 0.8 to 1.5 cm. wide, obtuse, serrate, rugose and scabrous above,
densely subtomentose-hispidulous with bluish white hairs beneath; heads 1 to 3,
terminating the branches, the pedicels 0.5 to 2.5 em. long; involucre 7 to 8 mm.
high, the phyllaries ovate to oblong, obtuse or the outer acutish, pubescent and
ciliate.
36. Perymenium acuminatum (Llave) Blake, Contr. U. S: Nat. Herb. 22:
627. 1924,
Oteiza acuminata Llave, Reg. Trim. 1: 41. 1832.
Calea elegans DC. Prodr. 5: 674. 1836.
San Luis Potosi and State of Mexico.
Suffrutescent; stem glabrous or sparsely pubescent; leaves subsessile or very
short-petioled, lance-ovate or ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long, 1.2 to 2.8 em. wide, acumi-
nate, rounded to subcordate at base, callous-denticulate or subentire, smooth
above, strigose or antrorse-hirsute on the veins beneath; heads 2 to 3.5 em. wide,
few on very long peduncles, or several and closely cymose-panicled; rays white;
involucre 7 to 9 mm. high, the phyllaries many-nerved, with subscarious, often
purplish tips, the outer acute, the inner obtuse or rounded.
37. Perymenium macrocephalum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 108. 1903.
Guerrero; type from Iguala.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent (?), 1 to 2 meters high; stem slender, strigillose or
hispidulous; petioles of the larger leaves 1 to 3 cm. long; blades ovate, 6 to 12
em. long, 3.5 to 7 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded to subcordate at base, serrate,
rough above, hispid and hispidulous beneath chiefly on the veins; heads few,
large, on pedicels 2 to 8.5 cm. long; involucre 7 to 9 mm. high.
88. Perymenium nelsonii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 529.
1899.
Chiapas; type collected between San Cristébal and Teopisca.
Shrub; branches strigose to sordidly subtomentose; petioles 1.2 to 2 cm. long;
blades ovate, 6°*to 10 cm. long, 3.2 to 5.5 em. wide, acuminate, rounded or sub-
cordate at base, serrate, rough above, rather densely pilosulous to subtomentose
beneath; heads cymose or cymose-panicled, large, about 3 cm. wide; involuere
8 to 11 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse or rounded.
39. Perymenium latisquamum Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 22: 626. 1924.
Chiapas; type from Sierra de Tonald. El Salvador.
Probably shrubby; stem strigillose; petioles 8 to 27 mm. long; blades broadly
ovate, 6 to 13 cm. long, 4.5 to 7.5 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate to subtruncate
at base, serrate, roughish above, strigose or antrorse-hispid, chiefly along the
veins, beneath and more or less gland-dotted; heads rather numerous, large,
about 2.8 cm. wide; involucre 8 to 10 mm. high, the phyllaries broadly ovate
(outermost) to broadly oval or suborbicular, broadly rounded or the outermost
obtuse. ‘‘Tatascamito’’ (Hl Salvador).
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
PERYMENIUM BARCLAYANUM DC. Prodr. 5: 609. 1836. Described as suffru-
ticose and subscandent. According to Rebinson & Greenman, it is very close
to P. tenellum A. Gray, an herbaceous species.
PERYMENIUM CERVANTESII DC. Prodr. 5: 609. 1836. This may be the same
as P. rude Robins. & Greenm.
PERYMENIUM GYMNOLOMOIDES (Less.) DC. Prodr. 5: 609. 1836. Lipotriche
gymnolomoides Less. Linnaea 6: 408. 1831. Imperfectly described; type from
Misantla, Veracruz.
1556 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
65. FLOURENSIA DC. Prodr. 5: 592. 1836.
REFERENCE: Blake, Revision of the genus Flowrensia, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
20: 393-409. 1921.
Resinous shrubs; leaves alternate; heads yellow, radiate or discoid; involucre
2 to 4-seriate, the phyllaries herbaceous or subherbaceous; rays neutral; achenes
more or less thickened; pappus of 2 awns and rarely a few squamellae.
Heads discoid.
Leaves entire.
Leaves ovate to obovate, 2 to 6 cm. wide_________.____-_- 1. F. laurifolia.
Leaves 4 to 11.5 mm. wide.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 4 to 7.6 mm. wide___--_- 2. F. retinophylla.
Leaves ovate to oval, 6.5 to 11.5 mm. wide_______________ 3. F. cernua.
heaves mucronate-dentates.=_= = Paes ee eee 4. F. ilicifolia.
Heads radiate.
Young branches densely pilose-lanate; heads numerous, in regular cymose
POPUL ea a ee EI Te Pe ire ee a 5. F. glutinosa.
Young branches not pilose-lanate; heads solitary to several at tips of branches,
not regularly cymose-panicled.
Petioles 7 to 15 mm. long; leaf blades ovate, 6 to 10 em. long.
6. F. collodes.
Petioles 1 to 4 mm. long; leaf blades oblong to lanceolate, or if ovate only
1.5 to 2.5 cm. long.
Phyllaries 13 to 23 mm. long, with ovate or lanceolate base and elongate
linear-attenuate tips= =o) 52 et, vate at es eat 7. F. pringlei.
Phyllaries 7 to 15 mm. long, without linear-attenuate tips.
Leaf blades oblong-zlliptie to lanceolate, 3.3 to 6.5 cm. long.
8. F. resinosa.
Leaf blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long.
9. F. microphylla.
1. Flourensia laurifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 592. 1836.
Helianthus laurifolius Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 179.
1881.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi; type collected between Victoria and Tula,
Tamaulipas.
Shrub 1.5 to 3 meters high; leaf blades 5.5 to 13 cm. long; heads in cymose
panicles of 3 to 7, the disk 1 to 1.3 cm. thick in flower.
2. Flourensia retinophylla Blake in Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 505.
1913.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de la Paila, Coahuila.
Much-branched low viscid shrub; leaf blades 2.5 to 3.5 em. long; heads 1 to
1.3 cm. high.
3. Flourensia cernua DC. Prodr. 5: 593. 1836.
Helianthus cernuus Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 179.
1881.
Sonora to Nuevo Leén, south to Zacatecas and San Luis Potosf; type collected
between Monterrey and Lampasos, Nuevo Leén. Texas to Arizona.
Much-branched shrub 1 to 2 meters high, erect or procumbent; leaf blades 1.7
to 2.5 cm. long; heads nodding, solitary in the leaf axils, forming long leafy
inflorescences. ‘‘Hojasé,” ‘“‘hojasén.”’
This shrub has a hoplike odor and a bitter taste. The leaves and heads are
commonly sold in the markets of northern Mexico, and are taken as a remedy
for indigestion. According to Palmer, it is employed also as a remedy for female
diseases. In the United States the plant is known most commonly as ‘‘tar-bush. ;
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1557
4. Flourensia ilicifolia T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 238. 1906.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Parras, Coahuila.
Shrub, much branched; leaf blades rhombic-ovate, 1.6 to 2.4 em. long, coarsely
dentate; heads 1.3 to 1.6 em. high.
5. Flourensia glutinosa (Robins. & Greenm.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49:
374. 1913.
Encelia glutinosa Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 155. 1895.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Las Hoyas Canyon, Oaxaca.
Shrub 3 to 5 meters high; leaf blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 6.5 to 9 cm.
long, entire; heads about 2.5 cm. wide.
It is perhaps this plant for which Dr. Reko reports the name of “‘rafz del
manso.”’
6. Flourensia collodes (Greenm.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 373. 1913.
Encelia collodes Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 110. 1903.
Known only from the type locality, between Ocuilapa and Tuxtla, Chiapas.
Shrub; leaves entire; heads 4 to 5 toward tips of branches, 4 em. wide.
7. Flourensia pringlei (A. Gray) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 375. 1913.
Helianthella pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 389. 1886.
Encelia oblonga Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 30: 118. 1894.
Chihuahua and Durango; type from Chihuahua City.
Stems numerous, suffrutescent, 30 to 40 cm. high, very leafy; leaf blades elliptic-
oblong to oblong-lanceolate, 3.2 to 10 em. long; heads solitary, terminal, long-
peduncled, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide.
8. Flourensia resinosa (T. S. Brandeg.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 375.
1913.
Encelia resinosa T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 240. 1906.
Known only from the type locality, Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo.
Shrub, very glutinous; heads 1 to 4, long-peduncled, 3.5 to 5.3 em. wide.
9. Flourensia microphylla (A. Gray) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 374. 1913.
Encelia microphylla A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 37. 1879.
Coahuila; type from Saltillo.
Much-branched shrub about 1 meter high; heads solitary, long-peduncled,
about 2.5 cm. wide.
66. SALMEA DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 140. 1813.
REFERENCE: Blake, A revision of Salmea and some allied genera, Journ. Bot.
Brit. & For. 53: 193-201. 1915.
Shrubs, often scandent; leaves opposite; heads small, whitish, discoid, eymose-
panicled; involucre about 3-seriate, graduate; receptacle conic; achenes strongly
compressed, ciliate; pappus of 2 awns.
Heads very numerous, cymose-panicled on widely spreading, axillary and ter-
minailibranches: S232) 6 = = ae eee ee re eee eee 1. S. scandens.
Heads few to numerous, on erect peduncles or several-headed flowering-branches.
Heads numerous, on 3 to 11-headed peduncles_____---------- 2. S. palmeri.
Heads few (5 to 11), on 1 to 3-headed peduncles_____---- 3. S. oligocephala.
1. Salmea scandens (L.) DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 141. 1813.
Bidens scandens L. Sp. Pl. 833. 1753.
Salmea eupatoria DC. Cat. Hort. Monsp. 141. 1813.
Spilanthes nitidus Llave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 28. 1824.
Salmea grandiceps Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 47: 88. 1827.
Salmea parviceps Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 47: 88. 1827.
Salmea oppositiceps Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 47: 89. 1827.
1558 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Fornicaria scandens Raf. Sylv. Tell. 116. 1838.
Verbesina scandens Klatt, Leopoldina 25: 106. 1889.
Tamaulipas and Guerrero to Chiapas; type from Veracruz. Guatemala to
South America; West Indies.
Seandent shrub, up to 10 meters high; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate,
5 to 12.5 em. long, 2 to 6 cm. wide, remotely serrulate or subentire, coriaceous,
shining, essentially glabrous; heads 4.5 to 7 mm. high; phyllaries ovate to ovate-
lanceolate, acute to acuminate; corollas white, turning greenish when old.
‘‘Hierba de San Antonio”’ (Puebla, Veracruz); ‘‘duerme-boca,”’ ‘‘salta-afuera”’
(El Salvador); ‘‘oreja de conejo”? (Honduras); ‘‘tabacén,’’ ‘‘bejuco de muela”’
(Porto Rico).
The root of this plant, when chewed, is said to deaden all sensation in the
tongue, hence the name “‘duerme-boca” applied in El Salvador. The name
‘‘bejuco de muela,’’ reported from Porto Rico, would indicate that because of
this property the plant is employed there as a remedy for toothache. The name
‘‘salta-afuera’’ used in El Salvador is an allusion to the fact that the vine is used
there as a fish poison or barbasco, as which it is reported to be unusually efficient.
la. Salmea scandens obtusata Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 197. 1915.
Veracruz. Guatemala; type from Cobdn.
Phyllaries oval, rounded; otherwise as in the typical form.
2. Salmea palmeri 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 141. 1891.
Jalisco and Michoacin; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Erect, about 50 cm. high; stem hirsutulous or strigillose, glabrate, erect-
branched; leaf blades ovate to oval, 4.5 to 10 em. long, repand-denticulate;
heads 7 to 9mm. high; phyllaries pubescent, with short loose subherbaceous tips.
3. Salmea oligocephala Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 194. 1881.
Mexico; type from Zimapdn, Hidalgo.
Erect; stem strigillose, the inflorescence hispidulous; leaf blades ovate to
ovate-oblong, 4.8 to 9 em. long; heads 9 to 11 mm. high; phyllaries pubescent,
with narrow appressed subherbaceous tips.
67. NOTOPTERA Urban, Symb. Ant. 2: 465. 1901.
REFERENCE: Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 58: 202, 225-229. 1915.
Shrubs; leaves opposite; heads radiate or discoid, cymose-panicled, the rays
yellow, the disk yellow or white; involucre graduate, the phyllaries indurate,
usually subherbaceous at apex; rays styliferous; achenes of disk strongly com-
pressed, winged on one or both margins; pappus of 2 unequal awns, without
squamellae, the inner awn broadly winged, the outer shorter, nearly or quite
wingless.
Heads discoid.
Corollas erect; leaves obtuse or rounded________---_------- 1. N. gaumeri.
Corollas strongly reflexed at maturity; leaves acuminate.
Heads subcylindric, 7.5 to 10 mm. high; achene wings ciliolate.
2. N. leptocephala.
Heads campanulate or turbinate-campanulate, 4 to 7 mm. high; achene
wings not ciliolate.
Pedicels’4 tow! Oxmms Lome ae a at are ee ee 3. N. scabridula.
Pedicels ite 3 mim. Jong nc er Rey ee ee re 4, N. brevipes.
‘Heads radiate.
Heads numerous; involucre 4 mm. high____________s Sees 5. N. tequilana.
Heads fews nvolucresS)mini abt o hs oe see te sen ee este ee 6. N. epaleacea.
1. Notoptera gaumeri Greenm. Field. Mus. Bot. 2: 269. 1907.
Salmea gaumeri Greenm. in Millsp. & Chase, Field Mus. Bot. 3: 124. 1904.
Yucatin; type from Izamal.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1559
Shrub 6 meters high; leaf blades oval-ovate, 5 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 4 em. wide,
grayish-tomentose beneath; heads subsessile, about 15-flowered, white, very
aromatic. (Description compiled.)
2. Notoptera leptocephala Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34: 46. 1921.
Yucatdin; type from Xnocac.
Shrub 3 meters high or less; leaf blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, 5.5 to 8.5 em.
long, 2 to 3.5 cm. wide, denticulate, rough above, densely hispidulous-pilosulous
beneath; pedicels 1 to 4 mm. long; heads subcylindrie when young.
This species is said to be used medicinally.
3. Notoptera scabridula Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 226. 1915.
Veracruz, Yucatén, Campeche, and Oaxaca; type from Atoyac, Veracruz.
Guatemala and Honduras.
Seandent shrub 5 meters high, with widespreading branchlets; leaf blades
ovate or oblong-ovate, 5 to 12.5 cm. long, 2 to 6 em. wide, rough above, rather
densely pilosulous beneath; corollas whitish.
4. Notoptera brevipes (Robinson) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 58: 227.
1915.
Otopappus brevipes Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 621. 1909.
Chiapas (type locality). Guatemala and Honduras.
Scandent shrub; leaf blades ovate or oblong-ovate, 6.5 to 13.5 cm. long,
densely reticulate beneath; pedicels short and thick.
5. Notoptera tequilana (A. Gray) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 228. 1915.
Zexmenia tequilana A. Gray in 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 425. 1887.
Otopappus tequilanus Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 622. 1909.
Jalisco and Michoacan or Guerrero; type from Tequila, Jalisco.
Shrub, sometimes scandent, about 2 meters high; stem tuberculate-strigillose;
‘leaf blades ovate or lance-ovate, acuminate, harsh-pubescent on both sides;
heads yellow, about 1.5 cm. wide, in axillary and terminal cymose panicles.
5a. Notoptera tequilana acuminata (S. Wats.) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. &
For. 53: 228. 1915.
Otopappus acuminatus S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 140. 1891.
Otopappus tequilanus acuminatus Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 622. 1909.
Jalisco; type from Guadalajara.
Stem strigose-pilose or hispid-pilose; leaves densely and rather softly pubescent
beneath.
6. Notoptera epaleacea (Hemsl.) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 58: 229.
1915.
Olopappus epaleaceus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 191. 1881.
Morelos; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrubby; stem strigillose; leaf blades ovate, acuminate or acute, harshly
pubescent on both sides; heads about 2.5 cm. wide, solitary on axillary and
terminal peduncles 0.8 to 5 cm. long.
68. ENCELIA Adans. (Fam. Pl. 2: 128. 1763, hyponym); Lam. Encyel. 2:
356. 1786.
REFERENCE: Blake, A revision of Hncelia and some related genera, Proc.
Amer. Acad. 49: 358-376. pl. 1. 1913.
Herbs or shrubs with alternate leaves and solitary to panicled, radiate heads;
rays yellow; disk yellow or purple; involucre 2 or 3-seriate; rays neutral; achenes
strongly compressed, very flat, oblong or obovate, narrowly white-margined,
villous-ciliate; pappus none or of 2 slender awns.
1560 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves laciniately lobed.
Leaves with linear rachis and lobes____..___.._-----_----- 1. E. ventorum.
Leaves ovate or obovate in outline, the lobes lanceolate______ 2. E. laciniata.
Leaves entire or toothed.
Leaves linear or linear-filbform 28. 8) ee 8. E. stenophylla.
Leaves oblong to ovate.
Heads numerous, panicled; peduncles and pedicels glabrous, rarely with a
Reh OF Wh soe oe ee Ree ale ees, SERN. eS SMT AR SEM ARE y StI AN ert hoy 3. E. farinosa.
Heads few or solitary; peduncles pubescent.
IDISk: yellow: 22) Ras By ees ee Ae eet ae ee 4. E. albescens.
Disk purple or brownish purple.
Phyllaries densely pubescent on back as well as on margin.
5. E. californica.
Phyllaries conspicuously ciliate, on back glabrous to rather sparsely
hispidulous or pubescent.
Leaves cinereous-pubescent, usually cordate or subcordate at base.
6. E. palmeri.
Leaves green, cuneate to truncate at base_______- 7. E. halimifolia.
1. Encelia ventorum T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 175. 1889.
Baja Californica; type from Boca de las Animas.
Shrub about 1 meter high, much branched; leaves 3 to 6.5 cm. long, fleshy,
the rachis and the 1 to 5 lobes linear, 1 to 2 mm. wide; heads about 1.7 cm.
wide, nodding, fragrant, resinous.
2. Encelia laciniata Vasey & Rose, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 11: 535. 1889.
Baja California; type from Lagoon Head.
Shrubby, 60 to 90 em. high, usually hispid; leaves 3 to 5.5 em. long, ovate or
obovate in outline, unequally laciniate-lobed, the lamina 2.5 to 6 mm. wide
between the lobes.
8. Encelia farinosa A. Gray in Emory, Mil. Reconn. 1438. 1848.
Sonora and Sinaloa. Nevada to California and Arizona; type from California.
Shrubby below, 1.6 meters high or less, resinous; stem white-farinose, glabres-
cent; leaf blades broadly ovate to lanceolate, 3 to 10 em. long, entire or subentire,
white-farinose, sometimes glabrescent; heads about 2.5 em. wide; disk yellow.
“‘Hierba ceniza’’ (Sinaloa); ‘‘incienso’”’ (Baja California); ‘‘palo blanco,’’
“hierba de las 4nimas”’ (Sonora); ‘‘hierba del bazo’’ (Arizona).
The shrub is very abundant in some parts of Sonora, and is gathered for use
as firewood. A resin obtained from the stems is sometimes used as incense in
churches. The plant has sometimes been mistaken for guayule (Parthenium
argentatum). The Indians chewed the gum and used it as a varnish for arrows
and other objects. The gum also was melted and smeared on the body as a
relief for pain in the sides.
3a. Encelia farinosa phenicodonta Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 362. 1913.
Baja California and Sonora; type from San Quintin, Baja California. Cali-
fornia and Arizona.
Disk purple; otherwise as in the typical form. ‘‘Incienso”’ (Baja California).
The resin is burned for incense in the churches of Baja California.
3b. Encelia farinosa radians T. 8. Brandeg.; Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49:
362. 1913. :
Encelia radians T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 176. 1889.
Cape region of Baja California; type from San Gregorio.
Leaves soon glabrate; involucre essentially glabrous; disk purple.
4. Encelia albescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 658. 1873.
Known only from the type locality, somewhere in Sonora.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1561
Frutescent (?); branches rough-pubescent, bearing single pedunculate heads;
branch leaves ovate, 2 to 2.5 cm. long, subentire, harshly whitish-pubescent with
appressed hairs; heads about 3.5 em. wide.
A doubtful species, known from a single collection.
5. Encelia californica Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7: 357. 1841.
Northern Baja California. California and Arizona ; type from Santa Barbara,
California.
Frutescent below, up to 3.5 meters high; stem and peduncles cinereous with
fine, chiefly incurved hairs; leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, entire or subentire,
green, 3 to 6 cm. long; peduncles elongate; heads about 4 em. wide.
5a. Encelia californica asperifolia Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 368. 1913.
Baja California and islands; type from Cedros Island.
Smaller and more woody; leaves smaller, the blades 1 to 3 cm. long, scabrid-
pubescent; heads smaller.
6. Encelia palmeri Vasey & Rose, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 11: 535. 1889.
Baja California; type from Lagoon Head.
Shrubby below, 1 meter high or less, canescent-hispidulous on the younger
parts; leaf blades ovate to rotund-ovate, 1.5 to 4 em. long, nearly or quite as
wide, entire or bluntly toothed; heads 2.5 to 4 em. wide. “Mirasol”’ (Baja
California).
7. Encelia halimifolia Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 6. pl. 210. 1795.
Pallasia grandiflora Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2261. 1804.
Encelia conspersa Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 26. 1844.
Sonora and Baja California; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrubby below; branches strigillose or hispidulous; leaf blades ovate or oblong-
ovate, 2 to 4 cm. long, entire, cuneate to truncate at base; heads 1.5 to 2.8 em.
wide; phyllaries densely white-ciliate.
8. Encelia stenophylla Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 41. 1883.
Known only from the type locality, Cedros Island, Baja California.
Suffrutescent, about 30 cm. high, glutinous; leaves crowded on the lower part
of the stems, narrowly linear, 1-nerved, 2.5 to 8 em. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide; heads
numerous, cymose-panicled, yellow, about 1.5 em. wide; achenes silky-villous,
2-awned.
69. HYMENOSTEPHIUM Benth. (in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 382. 1873,
hyponym); in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 48. pl. 1154. 1873.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous; leaves (in ours) ovate, petioled, mostly opposite;
heads cymose or cymose-panicled, small or medium, radiate, yellow; involucre
2 or 3-seriate, graduate or subequal, the phyllaries ovate or lance-ovate, usually
without conspicuously herbaceous tips; achenes obovoid, somewhat compressed,
pubescent or glabrous; pappus of few unequal squamellae without awns, or none.
Disk in anthesis 8 to 138 mm. thick; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, the phyllaries
ovate, their tips herbaceous, gradually acuminate__-__- 4. H. superaxillare.
Disk in anthesis usually less than 8 mm. thick; involucre usually 4 mm. high or
less, the phyllaries mostly lance-ovate, with attenuate or very narrowly
acuminate tips, these obscurely if at all herbaceous.
Heads in anthesis subcylindric, the disk usually about 3 mm. thick; pubescence
of the stem usually appressed____._------------ 1. H. microcephalum.
Heads in anthesis campanulate, the disk usually 5 to 8 mm. thick.
Pubescence of stem and under leaf surface copious, spreading.
2. H. guatemalense.
Pubescence of stem and under leaf surface sparse, appressed.
3. H. cordatum,
1562 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
1. Hymenostephium microcephalum (Less.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb.
n. ser. 54: 8. 1918.
Gymnolomia microcephala Less. Linnaea 5: 153. 1830.
Hymenostephium mexicanum Benth. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 48. pl. 1154. 1873.
Montanoa thomasii Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 328. 1882.
?Gymnolomia ehrenbergiana Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 90. 1887.
? Microcephalum ehrenbergianum Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 90. 1887,
as synonym.
Gymnolomia patens abbreviata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
29: 94. 1899.
San Luis Potos{ to Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de ja Laguna, Veracruz.
Guatemala.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous, 1 meter high or more; stem slender, strigose or
strigillose; petioles slender, mostly 1 to 3 em. long; blades ovate, 4 to 11 cm.
long, 1.5 to 7 em. wide, acuminate, usually subcordate at base, serrate; heads
usually numerous, in rather close cymes or cymose panicles; involucre 2-seriate,
2 to 4 mm. high, the phyllaries mostly lance-ovate, with short, very narrow,
mostly spreading tips; achenes glabrous or pubescent; pappus none or of few
unequal squamellae.
2. Hymenostephium guatemalense (Robins. & Greenm.) Blake, Contr.
Gray Herb. n. ser. 54: 8. 1918.
Gymnolomia patens guatemalensis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
_ Hist. 29: 94. 1899.
Gymnolomia patens brachypoda Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.
29: 95. 1899.
Gymnolomia guatemalensis Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 347. 1912.
Hymenostephium pilosulum Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 268. 1915.
Oaxaca. Guatemala to Panama; type from San Miguel Uspantan, Guatemala.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous, up to 2.6 meters high; stem densely and sordidly
spreading-pilose or pilosulous; leaves as in H. microcephaluwm, but rather densely
spreading-pilose or hirsute beneath; heads broadly campanulate in anthesis;
involucre 4 to 6 mm. high; achenes and pappus as in no. 1.
8. Hymenostephium cordatum (Hook. & Arn.) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. &
For. 53: 268. 1915.
Wedelia cordata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 485. 1840-41.
Wedelia subfleruosa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 435. 1840-41.
Gymnopsis ? costaricensis Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd.
1852: 90. 1852.
Gymnopsis vulcanica Steetz in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 157. 1853-54.
Gymnolomia patens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 182. 1861.
Gymnolomia subflecuosa Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
163. 1881.
Aspilia costaricensis Klatt, Bull. Soe. Bot. Belg. 311: 201. 1892, as to synonym.
Montanoa serrata Rusby, Deser. New 8. Amer. Pl. 151. 1920.
San Luis Potos{ and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Panama and Colombia; type
from Realejo, Nicaragua.
Suffrutescent, 3 to 5 meters high, or herbaceous, erect to reclining or sub-
scandent; stem usually sparsely strigillose; leaves as in no 1, often cuneate at
base; heads and achenes as in no. 2. ‘Flor amarilla’”’ (El Salvador); ‘‘drnica’’
(Guatemala). :
4. Hymenostephium superaxillare Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37:
57. 1924,
Known only from the type locality, La Bajada, Tamazula, Durango.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1563
Herbaceous, at least above; stem almost glabrous; branches superaxillary;
leaves mueh as in no. 1; heads usually ternate, the peduncles 2.5 to 8 em. long;
involucre 3-seriate, the phyllaries ovate, acute or acuminate, the herbaceous tips
usually spreading; achenes glabrous, epappose.
70. PODACHAENIUM Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd.
1852: 98. 1852.
REFERENCE: Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 50. 1917.
1. Podachaenium eminens (Lag.) Schultz Bip. Flora 44: 557. 1861.
Ferdinanda eminens Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 31. 1816.
Podachaenium paniculatum Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhayn Vid.
Medd. 1852: 99. 1852.
Dicalymma fragrans Lem. Ill. Hort. 2: Mise. 37. f. 1-3. 1855.
Cosmophyllum cacaliaefolium Koch & Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1854:
12. 1854; Walp. Ann. Bot. 5: 219. 1858.
Sinaloa to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Guatemala to Costa Rica.
Stout shrub, up to 8 meters high, sordid-tomentulose; leaves opposite, or the
upper alternate, petioled; blades ovate to suborbicular, up to 30 em. long and
wide, entire or angulate-toothed or lobed, green above, griseous-tomentulose
beneath; heads very numerous in a terminal panicle, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide; rays
white, disk yellow; achenes compressed, about 2 mm. long, with whitish stipiti-
form base; pappus of 2 awns and several squamellae. ‘‘Tacote’’ (Sinaloa);
“*tora’”’ (Costa Rica.)
In Sinaloa the fragrant leaves are applied as poultices to wounds.
71. ACHAENIPODIUM T. 8S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 239. 1906.
1. Achaenipodium discoideum T. 8S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 239. 1906.
Known only from the type locality, Mount Ixtaccihuatl, State of Mexico.
Suffrutescent; stem hirsute; leaves opposite, short-petioled, the blades lanceo-
late, 10 to 14 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, acuminate, serrate, penninerved, griseous-
pilose beneath; heads panicled, yellow, discoid, about 7 mm. wide; achenes com-
pressed, long-stipitate, about 5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide; pappus of 2 setiform
awns.
72. ZEXMENIA Liave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descer. 1: 13. 1824.
REFERENCE: W. W. Jones, A revision of the genus Zexmenia, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 41: 1438-167. 1905.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite, rarely alternate, usually ovate, serrate, and
petiolate; heads solitary, umbellate-cymose, or panicled, radiate, yellow (the
rays saffron in one species); involucre 2 to 5-seriate, graduate or subequal, the
phyllaries usually ovate or oblong and with herbaceous tips; rays fertile; recep-
tacle paleaceous; disk achenes more or less compressed, mostly oblong or obovate,
acute-margined or sometimes winged; pappus of 2 or 3 awns and several usually
more or less connate squamellae, the latter sometimes reduced to an entire crown
or obsolete.
Heads solitary or ternate at tip of stem, long-peduncled; peduncles mostly 5 to
25 em. long. :
Leaves densely canescent-tomentose beneath.
eaves toothed =..22 2 epee cosee eee eee aes eae 19. Z. pringlei.
Webves-entire: 2.0). eee, a ae Ne 20. Z. gnaphalioides.
Leaves not tomentose beneath.
Leaves smaller, not over 5 cm. long.
Leaves chiefly alternate, entire...._...._..._---------- 21. Z. brevifolia.
1564 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves opposite, toothed.
Involucre several-seriate______________._______- 18. Z. lantanifolia.
Inivoliicres2=seria tery a Si spe 9 a hk Goto ahi g eyh 22. Z. strigosa.
Leaves large, mostly 10 em. long or more.
Leaves densely and rather softly appressed- or incurved-pilose beneath.
Awns continuous with the very narrow, winglike margins of the achene;
DoyllaniestmMastly Ob lomp eta, 2. eee eee 3. Z. crocea.
Awns not continuous with the margins of the achene; phyllaries
FAN CEOAbE Ss. 2h yl ged Be he ol es Fe rege Bese pal) 22. Z. strigosa.
Leaves sparsely and harshly strigillose, hispidulous, or hirsute beneath.
Outer phyllaries mostly oval or suborbicular, rounded or rarely acutish
atiapex oJ 2Sec.2 a0 Ses ses eee ee eee 1. Z. ghiesbreghtii.
Outer phyllaries ovate, usually acuminate______________ 2. Z. greggii.
Heads usually numerous in umbelliform cymes, or panicled, if sometimes ternate
then on pedicels less than 5 em. long (rarely up to 5.8 em. in no. 7).
Leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 1.5 em. wide or less, strongly 3-nerved.
17. Z. seemannii.
Leaves ovate or lance-ovate, usually wider, triplinerved.
Petioles very short, 3 mm. long or less.
Branches hirsute-pilose with loosely spreading hairs; leaves shallowly
cordate 9h RASC iio hcee leet e! e ek aueeetine 32 16. Z. cordifolia.
Branches strigose or strigillose; leaves rounded at base.
Heads 1 to 5, the pedicels mostly 2 to 5.8 em. long____7. Z. fruticosa.
Heads numerous, the pedicels 1 to 2 em. long___15. Z. microcephala.
Petioles of the main leaves more than 5 mm. long.
Heads numerous in close terminal umbelliform cymes or cymose panicles.
Heads larger, the disk in anthesis 7 to 10 mm. thick.
Pedicels usually 2 em. long or Jess; petioles 1 cm. long or less.
5. Z. michoacana.
Pedicels usually over 2 em. long; petioles 1 to 3.5 cm. long.
8. Z. frutescens.
Heads smaller, the disk in anthesis usually less than 5 mm. thick.
Phyllaries (at least the outer) acuminate or subacuminate, the tips
usually spreading.
Involucre 9 to 10.5 mm. high; pedicels densely spreading-hirsute,
a em, “long ror vilesss soe oa a ee 9. Z. aggregata.
Involucre 9 mm. high or less; pedicels strigose or strigillose, usually
2 to 5 em. long.
Involucre 7 to 9 mm. high; heads 3 to 6______- 10. Z. gracilis.
Involucre 6 mm. high or less; heads usually more numerous.
11. Z. fasciculata.
Phyllaries obtuse to broadly rounded (the outermost sometimes
acute or acutish), the tips appressed.
Phyllaries (except the two outermost) all with very broadly rounded
CLP SEES TI Re a eee eS 14. Z. rotundata.
Phyllaries obtuse or rarely acutish.
Awns longer than the body of the disk achenes, conspicuously
exserted in the fruiting heads___-___- 12. Z. ceanothifolia.
Awns shorter than the body of the disk achenes, not exserted in
Erupts AV Sse ee See ee eee 13. Z. gradata.
Heads several or numerous and loosely panicled, or in terminal cymes of
3 to 5, not numerous and umbelled.
Involucre 8 to 15 mm. high, the outermost phyllaries with ovate base
and abruptly narrower, equal or longer, spreading, herbaceous
tips: 2/6 oon te AU 2 0 ee eee eee ee re 24. Z. leucactis.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1565
Involucre shorter, or else the phyllaries not with ovate base and abruptly
narrowed, long, herbaceous tips.
Involucre in anthesis 1 cm. thick or more; phyllaries broadly ovate
or oval, with squarrose, herbaceous tips_______4. Z. squarrosa.
Involucre in anthesis less than 1 em. thick; phyllaries usually ovate
and without squarrose herbaceous tips.
ACHENCS Wiblabrienwin gs 0 -o e aoe el A 23. Z. scandens.
Achenes not with true wings, but usually narrowly wing-margined.
Young branchlets densely spreading-hirsute_5. Z. michoacana.
Young branchlets sparsely strigose or nearly glabrous.
6. Z. elegans.
1. Zexmenia ghiesbreghtii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 118. 1852, as Z. ghies-
brechtit.
Sinaloa to Guerrero; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Suffrutescent (?), 1.3 to 3 meters high; stem strigillose; leaves subsessile, ovate
or lance-ovate, mostly 9 to 13.5 cm. long, 2 to 5 em. wide, acuminate, serrate or
serrulate, rough on both sides; heads 1 to 5, terminal and in the upper axils,
large; peduncles usually 5 to 18 em. long; involucre 1.2 to 1.8 em. high, strigose
and strigillose. ‘‘Hierba del pasmo”’ (Sinaloa).
2. Zexmenia greggii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 113. 1852.
Jalisco; type collected ‘between the City of Mexico and Mazatlan.”
Suffrutescent, 2 to 3.3 meters high, similar in most characters to Z. ghies-
breghtiz; outer and middle phyllaries triangular-ovate, acuminate.
3. Zexmenia crocea A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 114. 1852.
Zexmenia stenantha Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 174. 1881.
Morelos to Michoacan and Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Suffrutescent or truly shrubby, 0.6 to 2.5 meters high; younger branches and
peduncles varying from densely pilose to strigose; petioles usually very short,
sometimes 1 cm. long; blades ovate, the larger 5 to 10.5 em. long, acuminate,
usually subcordate at base, serrate, rough above, rather softly and densely
griseous-pubescent beneath; involucre 1.5 to 2 cm. high, subequal or obgraduate,
the phyHaries few, oblong or obovate, with long loose herbaceous tips; rays orange
or reddish yellow.
4. Zexmenia squarrosa Greenm. in W. W. Jones, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41:
151. 1905.
Guerrero and Michoacdn; type from mountains above Iguala, Guerrero.
Shrub 1 to 2 meters high; branches strigose or strigillose; petioles 1 to 1.5
em. long; blades ovate, 4.5 to 7.5 cm. long, 2.5 to 6 em. wide, acute or acuminate,
cuneate at base, serrate, rough above and usually beneath; heads 1 to 5, cymose,
on pedicels 4.5 em. long or less; involucre 1.1 to 1.4 cm. high, the phyllaries
strongly graduate, broadly suborbicular-ovate or oval, hirsute-pilose, with
mostly obtuse squarrose herbaceous tips.
5. Zexmenia michoacana Blake, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 22: 631. 1924.
Michoacan; type from Loma Santa Maria, near Morelia.
Shrub; branchlets densely hirsute-pilose with spreading hairs; petioles 2 to
10 mm. long; blades ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 5.5. em. wide, broadly rounded
to cuneate at base, rough or roughish on both sides; heads medium-sized, in
umbellate clusters of 1 to 6, the pedicels spreading-hirsute-pilose, 1 to 3.5 cm.
long; involucre 7 to 10 mm. high, the outer phyllaries mostly triangular-ovate,
obtuse to subacuminate, herbaceous above, mostly appressed, the inner oblong
or oval-oblong, rounded.
6. Zexmenia elegans Schultz Bip.; W. W. Jones, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 157.
1905.
Veracruz; type from Mirador.
1566 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Shrub; branches sparsely erect-hirsute, glabrate; petioles 5 to 7 mm. long;
blades ovate or lanceolate, 6 to 10 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate
at base, smoothish above, sparsely strigose on the veins beneath; heads ternate,
the pedicels 8 to 22 mm. long; involucre 9 mm. high, the outermost phyllaries
lanceolate or lance-ovate, acuminate, the inner broader, obtuse.
7. Zexmenia fruticosa Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 103. 1891.
Known only from the type locality, Alamos, Sonora.
Shrub 2.5 meters high; branches sparsely strigillose; leaves short-petioled,
lanceolate to ovate, 5 to 10 cm. long, 1.4 to 2.8 em. wide, acuminate, serrate,
scabrous, hispid beneath; heads 1 to 5, cymose, the pedicels 1.2 to 5.8 em. long;
involucre 8 to 10 mm. high, the outer phyllaries lanceolate or ovate, acute,
strigose, the inner longer, strigillose and ciliate.
8. Zexmenia frutescens (Mill.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 50. 1917.
Bidens fruticosa L. Sp. Pl. 833. 1753. Not Zexmenia fruticosa Rose, 1891.
Verbesina fruticosa L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1271. 1763, in part.
Bidens frutescens Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Bidens no. 4. 1768.
Zexmenia costaricensis Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd.
1852: 95. 1852.
Zexmenia nicaraguensis C. Muell. in Walp. Ann. Bot. 5: 226. 1858.
Narvalina fruticosa Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 265. 1907, as to name-bringing
synonym only.
Zexmenia purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 75. 1914.
Zexmenia frutescens genuina Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 51. 1917.
Chiapas. Guatemala to Panama; type from ‘‘ Cartagena.”
Shrubby or ‘‘arborescent,’”’ up to 8 meters high; branches glabrous or some-
what pubescent and glabrate; leaf blades ovate, 6 to 16 cm. long, 2 to 6.5 cm.
wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, serrate, rough above, from nearly glabrous to
strigose or hispidulous beneath; heads medium-sized, usually numerous in umbel-
liform cymes, the pedicels hispidulous, usually 2 to 5 em. long; involucre 7 to 12
mm. high, few-seriate, subequal or somewhat graduate, the phyllaries mostly
oblong and obtuse, the outer sometimes ovate and acute or acuminate. ‘‘ Tisate’’
(El Salvador); ‘‘faciscén”’ (Guatemala).
In El Salvador the white ashes derived from the wood are used by spinning
women to keep the fingers smooth. In Guatemala the plant is said to furnish
a medicine for infantile fevers. The species has been reported from Yucatdn
with the name “‘sactah”’ or “‘zactah.”’
9. Zexmenia aggregata Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 634. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Santa Catarina, Oaxaca.
Shrub; branchlets densely spreading-hirsute; petioles 4 to 6 mm. long; blades
ovate, 4 to 5.5 em. long, 1.8 to 2.5 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, ser-
rulate, rough above, rather softly hirsute-pilose beneath; heads in close umbel-
liform cymes, the pedicels densely spreading-hirsute, 1.4 cm. long or less; involucre
9 to 10.5 mm. high, the phyllaries subequal, lance-ovate, hispid-pilose, with
acuminate herbaceous tips.
10. Zexmenia gracilis W. W. Jones, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 154. 1905.
Colima (type locality) and Michoacdn or Guerrero.
Shrub 2 to 3 meters high; branches sparsely strigillose; petioles 1 to 1.5 em.
long; blades lanceolate to ovate, 5 to 11.5 em. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, acuminate,
at base acuminate to rounded, serrate, sparsely tuberculate-strigose above,
sparsely strigillose beneath; heads in terminal umbelliform cymes of 3 to 7, also
solitary in the upper axils, the pedicels 1.5 to 8 cm. long, strigillose; involucre
7 to 9 mm. high, graduate, the outer and middle phyllaries lanceolate or lance-
ovate, with mostly spreading, acuminate, herbaceous tips.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1567
11. Zexmoenia fasciculata (DC.) Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 306.
1856.
Lipochaeta fasciculata DC. Prodr. 5: 610. 1836.
Sinaloa and Chihuahua to Tamaulipas, south to Jalisco and San Luis Potosi;
type from Tula, Tamaulipas.
Shrub; branches strigillose, glabrate; petioles mostly 1 to 2.2 em. long; blades
lanceolate to ovate, 6 to 14 em. long, 1.5 to 6 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate at
base, serrate, rough above, sparsely to densely hispidulous or strigose beneath;
heads small, usually numerous in umbelliform cymes, the pedicels strigose, 1 to 3
em. long; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, slightly graduate, the outer and middle
phyllaries lance-ovate or ovate, with acuminate or subacuminate, loose, herba-
ceous tips.
12. Zexmenia ceanothifolia (Willd.) Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald
305. 1856.
Verbesina ceanothifolia Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2225. 1804.
Lipochaeta umbellata DC. Prodr. 5: 610. 1836.
Jalisco and Guanajuato to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Acapulco,
Guerrero.
_ Shrub 2 to 3.3 meters high; branches strigose, glabrate; petioles 3 to 12 mm.
long; blades ovate to lance-oblong, 6 to 11.5 cm. long, 2 to 5 em. wide, acuminate,
cuneate at base, rough and rugose above, reticulate and strigillose to short-hispid
beneath; heads as in Z. fasciculata; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, strongly graduate,
the phyllaries broadly ovate to oval, obtuse to merely acute or apiculate.
13. Zexmenia gradata Blake, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 632. 1924.
Sinaloa; type from Lodiego.
Shrub, up to 3 meters high; branches strigose or strigillose; petioles 4 to 12
mm. long; blades ovate to oblong-elliptic, 7 to 12.5 em. long, 2.3 to 5.3 em. wide,
acuminate, at base cuneate to rounded-cuneate, rough above, beneath densely
and rather softly hirsute-pilose on all the veins and veinlets, sometimes also
between them, with usually spreading or divergent hairs; heads small, in umbelli-
form clusters, the pedicels strigillose, mostly 7 to 15 mm. long; involucre 6 to 7.5
mm. high, strongly graduate, the phyllaries ovate to broadly oval or suborbicu-
lar, obtuse to acute.
14. Zexmenia rotundata Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 632. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Huasemote, Durango.
Shrub; branchlets sparsely strigillose; petioles 6 to 8 mm. long; blades lance-
ovate, 5.5 to 8 em. long, 2 to 2.8 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, sparsely
hirsute on both sides; heads small, in terminal umbelliform cymes of 3 to 6;
involucre 8 to 9 mm. high, strongly graduate, the phyllaries suborbicular to
oval, with rounded thin-herbaceous tips.
15. Zexmenia microcephala Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 173. 1881.
Lipochaeta wmbellata conferta DC. Prodr. 5: 610. 1836.
Zexmenia ceanothifolia conferta A. Gray; W. W. Jones, Proc. Amer. Acad. 41:
155. 1905.
Tepic and Morelos; type from San Blas, Tepic.
Shrub; branches strigose, glabrate; leaves subsessile, oblong or oval-elliptic
to ovate or lance-ovate, 3.5 to 10 em. long, 1.5 to 3.8 cm. wide, acute, at base
rounded, smoothish above, strigillose beneath; heads numerous in close umbelli-
form cymes or cymose panicles, the pedicels strigillose, 1 to 2 cm. long; involucre
campanulate, 6 to 8 mm. high, graduate, the phyllaries oblong or oval, obtuse or
apiculate, or the outermost acute.
16. Zexmenia cordifolia Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 633. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, near Acaponeta, Tepic.
57020—26——17
1568 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Shrub; branches densely sordid-pilose with spreading hairs, glabrate; leaves
subsessile, ovate, 5 to 6 cm. long, 2.8 to 3.5 cm. wide, acute, shallowly cordate at
base, roughish above, strigose and strigillose beneath; heads small, in umbelli-
form cymes; pedicels 6 to 27 mm. long; involucre 8 mm. high, strongly graduate,
the phyllaries ovate to oval, appressed, the outermost acute, the others obtuse.
17. Zexmenia seemannii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 114. 1852.
Sonora, Sinaloa, Durango, and Tepic; type from Cerro de Pinal, Sinaloa.
Shrub about 1 meter high; branches strigillose; petioles 3 to 10 mm. long;
blades linear-elliptic to linear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 10 em. long, 7 to 15
mm. wide, obtuse to acuminate, cuneate at base, strongly 3-nerved, shining,
sparsely strigose or strigillose; heads medium-sized, in terminal umbelliform
cymes of 3 to 5, the pedicels 12 mm. long or usually less; involucre 1 to 1.2 cm.
high, strongly graduate, the phyllaries mostly suborbicular-oval to oblong, the
rounded outer and middle ones with short, thick-herbaceous, rather loose tips.
18. Zexmenia lantanifolia (Schauer) Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald
306. 1856.
Lipochaeta lantanifolia Schauer, Linnaea 19: 729. 1847.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi to Hidalgo; type from Zimapdn, Hidalgo.
Shrub; branchlets spreading or ascending-hispidulous, glabrate; petioles 5 to
10 mm. long; blades ovate, 1.8 to 4.5 em. long, 1 to 2.8 cm. wide, acute, cuneate to
truncate or subcordate at base, rough above, hirsute or hispid and often griseous
beneath; heads solitary, leafy-bracted, rather large, the peduncles 2.5 to 7.5 em.
long; proper involucre 8 to 10 mm. high, campanulate-subglobose, the phyllaries
ovate to lance-oblong, mostly acute or acuminate, the outer with usually appressed
herbaceous tips.
19. Zexmenia pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 489. 1898.
Puebla; type from Tehuacan.
Shrub; branchlets canescently arachnoid-tomentose, glabrescent; petioles
about 5 mm. long; blades deltoid-ovate, 1.3 to 3.5 em. long, 1 to 2.5 em. wide,
acute or obtuse, cordate at base, rugose and green above, canescently lanate-
tomentose beneath; heads solitary, rather large, leafy-bracted, the peduncles
5 to 17 em. long; proper involucre about 10 mm. high, the inner phyllaries oblong,
acute or acuminate, arachnoid-ciliate.
20. Zexmenia gnaphalioides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 36. 1879.
Known only from the type locality, between San Luis Potosi and Tampico.
Shrub, floccose-lanate; leaves short-petioled, deltoid-ovate or cordate-lanceo-
late, 1.2 to 1.8 em. long, acute, entire, revolute-margined, above sericeous-his-
pidulous, beneath pannose-tomentose; heads solitary, about 1.2 cm. thick, leafy-
bracted, on long peduncles; phyllaries oblong to linear, obtuse, appressed. (De-
scription compiled.)
21. Zexmenia brevifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 112. 1852.
Chihuahua and Coahuila, south to Zacatacas and San Luis Potosf. Texas;
type collected between the Limpio and Rio Grande.
Shrub about 1 meter high, cinereousiy strigillose or retrorse-hispidulous;
leaves short-petioled, suborbicular to ovate, 1.8 em. long and 1.3 cm. wide or
smaller, obtuse or rounded, broadly rounded to subcordate at base, entire, harshly
tuberculate-strigillose or hispidulous; heads medium-sized, solitary, long-
- peduncled; involucre 6 to 10 mm. high, subequal or graduate, the outer and middle
phyllaries mostly obovate or spatulate, the tips herbaceous, spreading.
22. Zexmenia strigosa (DC.) Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 306.
1856.
Lipochaeta strigosa DC. Prodr. 5: 610. 1836.
Known only from the type locality, near Tehuantepec, Oaxaca.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1569
Suffruticose; branches nearly glabrous; leaves short-petioled, lance-ovate,
acuminate, serrulate, sparsely strigose above, appressed-villous beneath; pe-
duncles monocephalous; involucre 2-seriate, the outer phyllaries foliaceous,
strigose; achenes slender, 5 to 7 mm. long. (Description compiled.)
23. Zexmenia scandens Hems!. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 174. 1881.
Zexmenia trachylepis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 175. 1881.
Zexmenia dulcis Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 99. 1891.
Verbesina sylvicola T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 419. 1924.
Veracruz and Tabasco to Chiapas; type from Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz.
Guatemala.
Shrub, scandent or subscandent; branches sordidly tomentose-pilose or hispid-
pilose; petioles 5 to 15 mm. long; blades ovate or oblong-ovate, 7.5 to 11.5 em.
long, 3 to 5 cm. wide, acuminate or acute, rounded or cuneate-rounded at base,
serrate, rough above, sordidly hirsute-pilose or hispid beneath; heads usually
numerous and cymose-panicled, sometimes in cymes of 1 to 3, medium-sized,
the pedicels usually 1 to 5 cm. long; involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, subequal or
graduate, the phyllaries mostly ovate to oblong or oval, obtuse or sometimes
acute, with short, often spreading, subherbaceous tips; achenes winged.
' 24. Zexmenia leucactis Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 58: 307. 1915.
Zexmenia chiapensis T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot.6: 197. 1915.
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Retahuleu.
Shrub about 2.5 meters high; branches densely sordid-pilose, glabrate; petioles
7 to 15 mm. long; blades ovate or oblong-ovate, 6 to 11 em. long, 2.8 to 4 em.
wide, acuminate, cuneate or rounded at base, serrate, harsh above, densely and
softly griseous-pilosulous beneath; heads medium-sized, few, loosely cymose, the
pedicels sordid-pilose, 1 to 4 em. long; rays yellow; involucre about 3-seriate,
obgraduate, the outermost phyllaries with ovate base and much narrower and
longer, loosely spreading, acuminate, herbaceous tips, the innermost much
shorter, unappendaged; achenes winged.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
ZEXMENIA IMBRICATA Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 306. 1856.
Mexico, without definite locality.
Suffruticulose, canescent, the stem glabrescent; petioles 1.6 cm. long; blades
triangular-ovate, 10 cm. long, 5 cm. wide and more, acute, subcordate at base,
dentate, scabrous; heads in the upper axils, about equaling the pedicels; involucre
6 mm. high, graduate, the phyllaries ovate-linear, obtuse, scabrous; achenes
winged. (Description compiled.)
ZEXMENIA LINDENII Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 306. 1856.
Lasianthaea lindenii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 306. 1856, as
synonym. !
Known only from the type locality, Mirador, Veracruz.
Leaves alternate, elliptic-lanceolate, 9 cm. long, 1.8 to 2.5 cm. wide, attenuate
at each end, petioled, serrate, featherveined, harsh above, tomentose beneath;
heads numerous. (Description compiled.)
Perhaps a species of Verbesina.
ZEXMENIA MACROCEPHALA (Hook. & Arn.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot.
Be Wigeis sist:
Lipochaeta macrocephala Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 4386. 1840-41.
Closely allied to Z. ghiesbreghtii A. Gray, and perhaps identical; type from
Tepic.
7ZEXMENIA MONOCEPHALA (DC.) Heynh. Nomencl. 2: 772. 1846.
Lipochaeta monocephala DC. Prodr. 5: 610. 1836. é
Mexico, without definite locality (type) ; Veracruz (according to W. W. Jones).
1570 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Shrub; stem glabrous; petioles 5 to 13 mm. long, villous; blades lance-ovate,
2 to 10 em. long, 0.5 to 5 em. wide, acuminate, rounded or acutish at base, ser-
rate, scabrous above, sparsely strigillose beneath; peduncles solitary, mono-
cephalous, shorter than the upper leaves; heads 15 mm. high; involucre cam-
panulate, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, the phyllaries about 2-seriate, few, ovate, submem-
branaceous; achenes margined; squamellae well developed. (Description
compiled.)
ZEXMENIA SERRATA Llave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 13. 1824.
Known only from the type locality, San José del Corral, Mexico.
Sarmentose shrub 4 meters high; branches pubescent; leaves opposite, petioled,
sublanceolate, serrate, rough on both sides, the younger pubescent beneath;
heads in umbelliform cymes; involucre 2-seriate, the phyllaries few, ovate,
recurved at apex; rays 10 to 12. (Description compiled.)
73. OTOPAPPUS Benth. (in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 2: 380. 1873, hyponym)
in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 47. pl. 1153. 1873.
RBFERENCE: Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 229-235. 1915.
Shrubs; leaves opposite; heads radiate or discoid, yellow; involucre 3 to 6-seri-
ate, graduate, the phyllaries indurate, often herbaceous-tipped; rays when present
fertile; achenes compressed, 2-winged, the wings decurrent on the awns, the inner
much larger; pappus of 2 awns and a lacerate corona of connate squamellae.
Heads radiate.
Leaves strigillose but smooth to the touch above, the hairs not tuberculate-
based.
Pedicels' 1sto'3:icmslong ==. 32 8 a es ee 1. O. verbesinoides.
Pedicels 2 to 7 mm. long.
Outer phyllaries with conspicuous, spreading or reflexed, spatulate, herba-
Geos tipssccak: tos eee ee ee eee ee 2. O: trinervis.
Outer phyllaries without conspicuous spatulate herbaceous tips.
4. O. microcephalus.
Leaves rough above with tuberculate-based hairs.
Branches and pedicels densely spreading-hispidulous___-____- 6. O. pringlei.
Branches and pedicels strigillose.
Rays 1 em. long; outer phyllaries with spreading or reflexed, spatulate,
herbaceous’ tips! Sto 13 mm longs) eee eee 5. O. scaber.
Rays 2 to 6 mm. long; outer phyllaries without conspicuous spatulate
herbaceous tips.
Heads 122i toi.1-5:.em: wide. =. 5 eae eee 3. O. salazari.
Heads’6)5' tors) mm., wid eles) fee a! see 4. O. microcephalus.
Heads discoid.
Leaves 3 to 5.5 em. long; branches hispidulous-_-_-___-_ 7. O. xanthocarphus.
Leaves 6.5 to 13.5 cm. long; branches loosely pilose________- 8. O. robustus.
1. Otopappus verbesinoides Benth. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 47. pl. 1153. 1878.
Perymenium sartori Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 144. 1887, as
synonym.
Veracruz and Chiapas. Guatemala to Costa Rica; type from Chontales,
Nicaragua.
Scandent or straggling shrub; stem strigillose; leaf blades ovate to lance-ovate
or oblong-elliptic, 7 to 18 em. long, 1.8 to 4.5 em. wide, repand-dentate to ser-
rulate, acuminate; heads 1.5 to 2.3 em. wide, in cymose panicles of 3 to 5 at tips
of stem and branches, or solitary in the upper axils; outer phyllaries with reflexed,
linear to spatulate, herbaceous tips. ;
2. Otopappus trinervis Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 231. 1915.
Known only from the type locality, Finca Irlanda, Chiapas.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 15/71
Branching shrub; stem strigillose; leaf blades cblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
7 to 11 em. long, obscurely serrulate; heads 1 em. wide; rays very small; outer
phyllaries with spreading spatulate tips.
3. Otopappus salazari Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 192. 1919.
Southern Sinaloa; type from Ixtagua.
Seandent shrub; stem strigillose; leaf blades lance-ovate, 9.5 to 12 em. long,
2.5 to 4 em. wide, denticulate, slightly rough-strigillose above with somewhat
tuberculate-based hairs; heads about 13 in a ternately divided panicle; phyllaries
with slightly spreading apex; rays about 5 mm. long.
4. Otopappus microcephalus Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 232. 1915.
Colima and Guerrero; type from Manzanillo, Colima.
Shrub 2 to 3 meters high; stem strigillose; leaf blades ovate, 4.5 to 9 em. long,
rough or roughish above; heads rather numerous, cymose-panicled; phyllaries
with small spreading herbaceous tips; rays about 2 mm. long.
5. Otopappus scaber Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 636. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Apazote, near Yohalttin, Campeche.
Apparently scandent; leaf blades oblong-ovate, 5 to 9 em. long, 2 to 3.5 em.
wide, serrulate, rough on both sides; heads and involucre much as in O. verbe-
sinoides, 2.7 to 3 em. wide.
6. Otopappus pringlei (Greenm.) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 232.
1915.
Otopappus epaleaceus pringlet Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 42. 1904.
Morelos and Guerrero; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Shrub; leaf blades ovate, 4.5 to 7.5 em. long, dentate, very harsh above, rather
densely hispidulous and strongly prominulous-reticulate beneath; heads 1 to 1.2
cm. wide, in terminal cymes of 5 to 7; phyllaries with minute herbaceous tips;
rays about 2 mm. long.
7. Otopappus xanthocarphus T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 394.
1909.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Castillo, near Zapotitlan, Puebla.
Trichotomously branched shrub; leaf blades ovate or ovate-oblong, 1.2 to 2.7
cm. wide, acute, serrate-dentate, very rough above, roughish-hispidulous beneath;
heads about 1 em. thick, in terminal 3 or 5-headed cymes; involucre 5 mm. high,
the outer phyllaries herbaceous.
8. Otopappus robustus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 191. pl. 49. 1881.
Zexmenia robusta O. Hoffm. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 45: 230. f. 116, O.
1890.
Known only from the type locality, Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz.
Seandent shrub; leaf blades ovate, acuminate, roughish above, densely and
rather softly pilosulous beneath; heads rather numerous, cymose-panicled;
involucre 6 to 7 mm. high.
74. OYEDAEA DC. Prodr. 5: 576. 1836.
REFERENCE: Blake, Revision of the genus Oyedaea, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb.
20: 411-422. 1921.
1. Oyedaea ovalifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 183. 1861.
Oyedaea ampeloides Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 176. 1881.
Veracruz and San Luis Potosi; type from Huautla, Veracruz.
Reclining or scandent shrub, 3 to 6 meters long or more; stem strigillose, gla-
brate; leaf blades oval to ovate, 8 to 18.5 cm. long, 5 to 8 cm. wide, acute or
obtuse, crenate-mucronulate, harshly strigillose above, strigillose beneath, on
petioles 5 to 17 mm. long; heads 3 to 5.5 em. wide, radiate, yellow, several or
numerous in an open panicle; involucre 3-seriate, 4 to 5.5 mm. high, of triangular-
ovate to oval indurate phyllaries; rays neutral; achenes compressed, 2-winged;
pappus of 2 slender awns and about 10 basally united squamellae.
1572 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
75. VERBESINA L. Sp. Pl. 901. 1753.
REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, Synopsis of the genus Verbesina, with
an analytical key to the species, Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 534-566. 1899.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite or alternate; heads radiate or discoid, solitary ,
to numerous and panicled, usually yellow, sometimes orange or white; involucre
usually about 2-seriate, the phyllaries usually unequal and more or less herba-
ceous; rays usually fertile; achenes strongly compressed, 2-winged; pappus of
2 awns, very rarely wanting.
Rays white or none.
Rays none.
Stem winged; heads many-flowered.
Leaves dentate, the larger usually sinuately lobed or pinnatifid; phyl-
laries ovate to linear-lanceolate_________-__________-_ 1. V. crocata.
Leaves serrulate, ovate; phyllaries ovate to oblong_____ 2. V. ovatifolia.
Stem wingless; heads 7 to 9-flowered.
Leaver Jance-oblong 22" 42549) - 4b: 4 ee aes 59. V. pauciflora.
Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate__.__....__._._._.-..------ 60. V. oligantha.
Rays present, white.
Stem densely puberulous or subtomentose-pubescent.
Stem winged nearly or quite to the inflorescence____56. V. turbacensis.
Stem wingless.
Leaves dentate; heads few; phyllaries broadly ovate.
27. V. auriculata.
Leaves sinuate-lobed; heads numerous; phyllaries linear to oblanceolate.
55. V. sublobata.
Stem glabrous or sparsely puberulous, usually glaucous or glaucescent.
Internodes winged throughout__..__.___.._..---------- 57. V. hypsela.
Internodes and whole stem wingless__________-_-- 58. V. gigantoides.
Rays present, yellow.
Lamina of the rays 1 to 2.5 em. long.
Leaf bases decurrent, forming wings on the stem.
Larger leaves sinuately 3-lobed; disk about 2 cm. thick ____ 5. V. klattii.
Leaves unlobed; disk much smaller.
Leaves very finely and closely canescent beneath with appressed hairs.
19. V. neriifolia.
Leaves rather loosely griseous- or canescent-tomentose or merely
puberulent beneath.
Leaves sessile.
Leaves coarsely, dentate_._..........--.--- 14. V. coahuilensis.
heaves subentire 22 ot Seeded: ate 21. V. petrophila.
Leaves short-petioled.
Leaves canescently pilose-tomentose beneath___20. V. gracilipes.
Leaves green and merely puberulent beneath__22. V. liebmannii.
Leaf bases not decurrent, the stem wingless.
Leaves canescent-tomentose or finely canescent-sericeous beneath.
Ihesvessessilo: amplextcaal 2 a2. 22 tes ee 15. V. hypoleuca.
Leaves petioled, not amplexicaul.
Leaves densely pilose-tomentose beneath__-___-___ 20. V. gracilipes.
Leaves not densely pilose-tomentose beneath.
Leaves very finely and densely canescent-sericeous beneath;
iInvolucre:4, to. 5 min. gee es 18. V. hypoglauca.
Leaves not densely canescent-sericeous beneath; involucre 5 to
8 mm. high.
Heads long-peduncled; leaf blades lanceolate to ovate, 2 to
(ACN ONG = crete ee 12. V. chihuahuensis.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO E573
Heads on peduncles 2 em. long or less; leaf blades rhombic-ovate,
widest near middle, about 10 em. long__17. V. intermissa.
Leaves green or griseous-pubescent beneath.
Leaves lanceolate to oval-ovate, narrowed to both ends from near the
middle.
eaves seasile: entire <2ote 5s (Osos 2 Pee in ea 21. V. petrophila.
Leaves petioled, serrate or serrulate.
Leaves griseously subtomentose-pilose beneath; disk in anthesis
about twice as high as thick_______________._ 16. V. sororia.
Leaves merely puberulous, strigillose, or strigose beneath; disk in
anthesis as thick or thicker than high.
Involucre 7 to: 3 mm high... 2. ei bigest 17. V. intermissa.
Imvolucre 3 to:S4mmshigh) 5)_eigsoaees 22. V. liebmannii.
Leaves chiefly ovate, broad at base or only shortly cuneate.
Leaves sessile or subsessile, or on short, broadly winged, clasping
petioles.
Leaves on broadly winged auriculate-clasping petioles.
7. V. palmeri.
Leaves sessile or subsessile.
Leaves chiefly obovate; disk about 1 em. thick.
21. V. petrophila.
Leaves ovate; disk more than 1 em. thick.
Leaves ‘entire or subentireteio 4 Uses ee 6. V. dissita.
Leaves coarsely toothed_______________ 10. V. peninsularis.
Leaves slender-petioled.
Leaves dull green, not conspicuously reticulate; phyllaries linear
to lanceolatessses: yeraue tee 12. V. chihuahuensis.
Leaves bright green, conspicuously reticulate on both sides;
phyllaries oval to obovate_________________-_ 13. V. hastata.
Lamina of the rays less than 1 em. long.
A. Stem more or less winged, or else leaves auriculate at base.
Stem wingless; leaves auriculate at base.
Leaves entire or subentire, canescent-tomentose beneath, lanceolate.
25. V. potosina.
Leaves serrate or serrulate, usually green beneath.
Leaves abruptly contracted into broadly winged auriculate-am-
plexicaulspetioles: 2220¢ 32220853 Sees Sess 7. V. palmeri.
Leaves gradually narrowed to base.
Leaves distinctly petioled, the petioles with deciduous auricles at
base.
Leaves strigillose to pilose beneath, chiefly on the veins; pales
with spreading or reflexed cuspidate tips.
22. V. liebmannii.
Leaves tomentose-pilosulous beneath; pales blunt or with short
eTEChMMUCTOSE Siete ee ee Se ee 31. V. oncophora.
Leaves sessile or subsessile.
Leaves distinctly pubescent or tomentose beneath.
Leaves 2.5 to 15 cm. long, 0.8 to 2.5 cm. wide.
Leaves about 4 cm. long, acute___------ 15. V. hypoleuca.
Leaves 5 to 15 cm. long, attenuate_-_-_--_-_- 26. V. oreopola.
Leaves 18 to 27.5 cm. long, 5 to 11 cm. wide.
27. V. auriculata.
Leaves glabrous or sparsely strigillose on the costa beneath.
Leaves oblong, 3.7 to 5 cm. wide__---------- 23. V. nelsonii.
Leaves lanceolate, 1 to 1.3 em. wide_------
1574 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Stem winged.
Leaves densely silky-tomentose beneath__----_-------- 30. V. mollis.
Leaves not silky-tomentose beneath.
Leaves alternate.
Leaves tomentose or tomentulose beneath.
Teawes uplabed. 662 =. 5s eo 28. V. acapulcensis.
Leaves palmately 3-lobed__._......._--_--- 51. V. fastigiata.
Leaves subglabrous to puberulent beneath. ;
Involucre 2 mm. high; stem densely spreading-hispidulous.
47. V. cymbipalea.
Involucre 3 to 6 mm. high; stem usually strigillose or erectish-
hispidulous.
Leaves oblong, 15 to 20 em. long, 3.7 to 5 em. wide.
23. V. nelsonii.
Leaves much smaller.
Petioles 2 to 15 mm. long; leaves usually rhombic-ovate.
22. V. liebmannii.
Petioles very short or none; leaves lanceolate or lance-
oblong. ..-- _.-lipeas tie 3h alae cae 32. V. virgata.
Leaves chiefly opposite.
Leaves unlobed; phyllaries mostly squarrose-tipped; disk 6 to
10 mm. thick or more.
Leaves strigillose beneath______________- 29. V. xanthochlora.
Leaves hispidulous or pilosulous beneath.
Leaves chiefly ovate; disk in anthesis 1 em. thick or more.
3. V. sphaerocephala.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate; disk in anthesis about 6 mm. thick.
4. V. langlassei.
Leaves usually 3-lobed or pinnatifid; phyllaries mostly appressed;
disk 3 to 6 mm. thick.
Stem broadly winged; phyllaries mostly acute or acuminate.
52. V. greenmani.
Stem narrowly winged; phyllaries obtuse.
53. V. montanoifolia.
AA. Stem wingless; leaves not,auriculate at base.
B. Leaves chiefly opposite.
Leaves bright green, shining at least above, subcoriaceous.
Young branches white-tomentose___________-_- 8. V. oligocephala.
Young branches not tomentose______-__-_-------- 13. V. hastata.
Leaves usually dull green, not subcoriaceous.
Leaves trilobate; heads subcylindric in anthesis.._._54. V. trilobata.
Leaves not trilobate; heads broader.
Leaves lance-oblong, about 4 times as long as wide, griseous or
canescent beneath.
Leaves finely canescent-strigillose beneath__18. V. hypoglauca.
Leaves tomentose or tomentulose beneath.
Leaves tomentulose and prominently reticulate beneath.
36. V. grayii.
Leaves tomentose and not prominently reticulate beneath.
37. V. molinaria.
Leaves chiefly ovate or lance-ovate, usually much less than 4
times as long as wide.
Heads solitary or few, on usually elongate peduncles.
Branchlets white-tomentose at apex-_._.-_- 8. V. oligocephala.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1575
Branchlets not white-tomentose at apex.
Leaves hirsute with subappressed hairs
Leaves scabrous-hispidulous.
Leaves opposite essentially throughout, serrate.
9. V. leptochaeta.
Leaves alternate above, coarsely toothed.
ES aie aes 11. V. erosa.
10. V. peninsularis,
Heads usually numerous, in close cymes or panicles.
Heads subcylindrie when young.
Heads 2 to 4; rays about 12__________ 8. V. oligocephala,
Heads 4 to 10; rays about 2______.____ 35. V. luisana.
Heads campanulate or subglobose.
Leaves serrate, dentate, or laciniate-lobed, usually densely
pubescent beneath... 2) = 33. V. serrata.
Leaves serrulate, green and sparsely pubescent beneath.
34. V. resinosa.
BB. Leaves alternate.
Leaves very densely and finely silvery-strigillose beneath.
42. V. hypargyrea.
Leaves not silvery-strigillose beneath.
Heads larger, in fruit 1 to 1.5 em. thick.
Leaves green and essentially glabrous beneath, except for the
strigose or strigillose costa and veins ____43. V. persicifolia.
Leaves more or less pubescent on the surface as well as the veins
beneath.
Involucre 7 to 10 mm. high.
Leaves canescent-tomentose beneath_____ 38. V. robinsonii.
Leaves green and finely hispidulous beneath.
10. V. peninsularis.
Involucre 6 mm. high or less (rarely higher in V. olivacea).
Fruiting pales with cuspidate, mostly recurved tips.
Leaves green and not subtomentose beneath..
22. V. liebmannii.
Leaves cinerascently subtomentose beneath.
40. V. cinerascens.
Fruiting pales rarely cuspidate, not recurved at tip.
Leaves sessile, obovate-lanceolate; pales acute; pedicels
thick and very short! 222000272122 _ .41. V. crassipes.
Leaves usually petioled, lanceolate to lance-oblong; pales
acute or obtuse; pedicels mostly slender, not very short.
Pales and phyllaries obtuse or merely acutish; involucre
S too/soanm high) samenries elle 44, V. olivacea.
Pales abruptly short-pointed; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high.
Leaves 1 to 2.5 em. wide___________ 26. V. oreopola.
Leaves 3.2 to 6 em. wide________- 39. V. chiapensis.
Heads smaller, in fruit usually 5 to 7 mm. thick.
Tips of the pales recurved, at least in fruit.
Branches glabrous; leaves glabrescent beneath.
45. V. seemannii.
Branches densely hispidulous or pilosulous; leaves rather densely
hispidulous or pilosulous beneath.
Leaves cinerascently subtomentose-pilosulous beneath.
40. V. cinerascens.
1576 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves hispidulous beneath.
Leaves lanceolate, 1.4 to 2.2 em. wide; petioles 1 to 2 mm.
Lome? Se ph Sak BO 46. V. angustifolia.
Leaves lance-elliptic, 1.5 to 4 em. wide; petioles 3 to 6 mm.
lon ps Se ea hes ON ee SS 47. V. cymbipalea.
Tips of the pales not recurved.
Leaves strigillose beneath___._..______________ 50. V. ortegae.
Leaves hispidulous or pilosulous beneath.
Leaves very rough above; pedicels spreading-pubescent.
48. V. abscondita.
Leaves smooth or smoothish above; pedicels apressed-pubes-
CONG se See NR a Sra SERA ee NS 49. V. perymenioides.
1. Verbesina crocata (Cav.) Less.; DC. Prodr. 5: 617. 1836.
Bidens crocata Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: 66. pl. 99. 1791.
Spilanthes crocata Sims in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. 39-40: pl. 1627. 1814.
Platypteris crocata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 201. 1820.
Tepie to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrubby, sometimes scandent, 2 to 5 meters high, hispidulous or hirsutulous;
stems with 4 herbaceous wings; leaves opposite, ovate in outline, the lower or
sometimes all deeply pinnatifid, usually 10 to 28 em. long, the petioles broadly
winged; heads few to numerous, long-peduncled, orange-red, 1.5 to 3 em. thick;
involucre graduate. ‘‘Capitaneja,’’ ‘nahuitiput’”’ (Urbina).
The plant is reported to be used a remedy for wounds.
2. Verbesina ovatifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 15. 1883.
Known only from the type locality, Chiapas.
Suffrutescent (?), 2.6 to 3.3 meters high, scabrous; leaves ovate, acute, subses-
sile, denticulate; heads subeymose, short-peduncled, about 1.2 em. high; phyl-
laries small, ovate or oblong, appressed. (Description compiled.)
3. Werbesina sphaerocephala A. Gray in 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22:
428. 1887.
Jalisco and Colima; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Suffrutescent, 2 meters high, hispidulous to pilosulous; stem narrowly 4-winged;
leaves opposite, ovate or rhombic-ovate, 7.5 to 14.5 em. long, 3 to 6 em. wide,
acute or acuminate, subsessile, serrate, rough above, hispidulous or pilosulous
beneath; heads few at apex of stem and branches, short-pediceled; involucre 7 to
11 mm. high, graduate, the phyllaries mostly oval or oblong, all but the inner-
most with blunt squarrose herbaceous tips.
4. Verbesina langlassei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 44: 621. 1909.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre of Michoacdn or Guerrero.
Similar to V. sphaerocephala; leaves lance-oblong, 8 to 13 cm. long, 2.5 to 3.2
cm. wide; heads rather numerous, cymose-panicled at tips of stem and branches;
involucre about 6 mm. high, the outer phyllaries broadly obovate, herbaceous,
scarcely squarrose.
5. Verbesina klattii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 538. 1899.
Verbesina heterophylla Klatt, ‘‘Arbeit. Bot. Mus. Hamb. 1892-93: 3. 1893.”
Not V. heterophylla A. Gray, 1883.
Known only from the type locality, mountains near Patzcuaro, Michoacan.
Suffrutescent, 1.5 to 3.5 meters high, hirsutulous; stem rather broadly winged;
leaves alternate, ovate or rhombic-ovate in outline, 10 to 22 cm. long (including
the broadly winged petiole), 4 to 11 em. wide, the larger 3-lobed, denticulate,
rough above; heads few, short-pediceled, large; involucre 1 to 1.2 cm. high, the
phyllaries ovate to suborbicular, obtuse or obtusish, herbaceous, subequal; rays
about 1.4 em. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1577
6. Verbesina dissita A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 299. 1885.
Northern Baja California; type from Todos Santos Bay.
Suffrutescent; stem sparsely strigillose or hispidulous, rather remotely leafy;
leaves opposite below, alternate above, ovate, 4 to 5 em. long, acute, at least
the upper sessile and auriculate-clasping at base, entire or remotely denticulate;
heads several, large, the disk about 2 cm. wide, the pedicels 2 to 12.5 em. long;
involucre about 1 cm. high, graduate, the phyllaries oblong or obovate, obtuse
or rounded, appressed; rays 1.2 to 2 em. long.
7. Verbesina palmeri 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 56. 1889.
Known only from the type locality, Los Angeles Bay, Baja California.
Suffruticose, about 1.3 meters high, forming large clumps, hispid-scabrous
throughout with mostly deciduous spreading hairs with persistent tuberculate
bases; leaves opposite; petioles 0.5 to 1.5 em. long, very broadly winged, auricu-
late-clasping; blades deltoid-ovate, 3 to 7 em. long, 2.5 to 4.8 wide, coarsely
dentate; heads rather numerous, cymose-panicled, the pedicels 1.5 to 5.5 em.
long; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, 2-seriate, the phyllaries oblong, obtuse or
rounded, with somewhat squarrose herbaceous tips; rays 6 to 10 mm. long.
8. Verbesina oligocephala I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1200.
1924.
Known only from the type locality, Agua Verde Bay, Baja California.
Shrub about 1 meter high; branchlets white-tomentose; leaves opposite;
petioles winged, 5 to 8 mm. long; blades ovate or lance-ovate, 4 to 7 em. long,
acute, cuneate or rounded at base, light green, tuberculate-scabrous; heads 2 to
4in a terminal cyme hidden by the leaves, the pedicels 4 to 11 mm. long; involucre
3 to 4 mm. high, the phyllaries 2-seriate, ovate-oblong, obtuse, with spreading
herbaceous tips; rays orange-yellow, about 6 mm. long. (Description compiled.)
9. Verbesina leptochaeta A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 389. 1886.
Known only from the type locality, near Batopilas, Chihuahua.
Shrubby, 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; leaves opposite, those of the stem deltoid,
10 to 12.5 cm. long, serrate, hispidulous-scabrous, abruptly narrowed into a long
narrowly winged petiole; heads subsolitary, rather large; outer phyllaries nar-
rowly oblong, spreading, herbaceous; rays small. (Description compiled.)
10. Verbesina peninsularis Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 58. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, 20 miles east of San Ignacio, Baja Cali-
fornia.
Suffrutescent or fruticose; stem finely hispidulous-pilosulous; leaves opposite
below, alternate above; blades triangular-ovate, 9 to 11 em. long, 4.5 to 5.5 em.
wide, acuminate, cuneately decurrent to the base of the short petiole, coarsely
toothed, somewhat hastate-lobed at base, green and hispidulous on both sides,
the hairs especially of the upper surface tuberculate-based; heads about 10, the
pedicels 1 to 8 cm. long; involucre 7 to 8 mm. high, the phyllaries herbaceous,
oblong-ovate, acutish to obtuse, erect; rays about 1 cm. long.
11. Verbesina erosa T. S. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 3: 146. 1891.
Baja California; type from Sierra de San Francisquito.
Suffrutescent; stem spreading-hirsute or hirsutulous; leaves opposite below,
alternate above, ovate or lance-ovate, the larger 8 to 11 em. long, 3 to 7 cm.
wide, acuminate, subsessile or on winged petioles 1.8 cm. long or less, sharply ser-
rate or the upper subentire, rough above, hirsute or hirsute-pilose with antrorse
hairs beneath; heads few, the pedicels 1 to 8 cm. long; involucre 6 to 8 mm.
high, the phyllaries chiefly lanceolate or linear, acute or acuminate.
12. Verbesina chihuahuensis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 389. 1886.
Verbesina parrasana T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 191. 1911.
Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Durango; type from Santa Eulalia Moun-
tains, near Chihuahua.
1578 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Shrubby; stem and leaves hispidulous or spreading-pilosulous, sometimes sub-
sericeously appressed-pilose; leaves opposite below, alternate above; petioles
narrowly winged, 0.5 to 2 em. long; blades triangular-ovate or ovate, sometimes
lanceolate, 2 to 7 em. long, 0.8 to 3.5 em. wide, acute, cuneate to subcordate at
base, serrate to coarsely dentate, rarely entire; heads solitary or several, long-
peduncled; involucre 5 to 8 mm. high, the phyllaries subequal, linear or lanceo-
late, acutish to acuminate, somewhat loose; rays usually 1 to 1.5 cm. jong.
13. Verbesina hastata Kellogg; Curran, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 140. 1885.
Lipochaeta hastata Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 106. f. 31. 1863.
Verbesina venosa Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 9: 110. 1882.
Encelia cedrosensis Rose, Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 1: 17. 1890.
Known only from the type locality, Cedros Island, Baja California.
Shrub; branchlets strigillose; leaves chiefly opposite; petioles narrewly winged,
2 to 15 mm. long; blades rhombic-ovate or ovate, 2.5 to 7.5 cm. long, 1.8 to 5.7
cm. wide, obtuse to acuminate, short-cuneate to subcordate at base, coarsely
toothed or sometimes merely hastate-lobed at base, bright green, shining above,
reticulate on both sides, strigillose or antrorse-hispidulous; heads few or several;
involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, graduate, the phyllaries ovate, obovate, or oblong,
obtuse, mostly herbaceous.
14. Verbesina coahuilensis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 14. 1883.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén: type collected east of Saltillo, Coahuila.
Suffrutescent (?), low, subsimple: stem spreading-hirsute and sessile-glandular;
leaves alternate, or opposite below, lance-oblong, 4.5 to 10 em. long, 1 to 2.3
em. wide, acutish to acuminate, sessile, decurrent, coarsely and irregularly
dentate, green and rough above, griseously subtomentose-pilose beneath; heads
solitary or few, pedunculate; involucre about 8 mm. high, the phyllaries slightly
graduate, linear, acutish to acuminate, hirsute; rays 1 to 1.7 cm. long.
14a. Verbesina coahuilensis viridior Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad.
34: 546. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Carneros Pass, Coahuila.
Lower surface of the leaves green and merely scabrous-puberulent.
15. Verbesina hypoleuca A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 37. 1879.
Known only from the type locality, near city of San Luis Potosi.
Suffrutescent, about 60 cm. high, simple; stem cinereous-puberulous; lowest
leaves opposite, the others alternate, lance-oblong or obovate-oblong, 2.5 to 4.5
cm. long, 0.8 to 1.8 em. wide, dentate, sessile, auriculate-clasping, velvety-
puberulous above, canescent-tomentose beneath; heads few, slender-pediceled;
phyllaries linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 5 mm. long; rays about 6 mm. long.
16. Verbesina sororia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 37. 1879.
San Luis Potosf; type from city of San Luis Potosi.
Suffruteseent (?), tall; stem pilosulous, glabrate below; leaves opposite below
or nearly throughout; petioles scarcely winged, 1 cm. long or less; blades lance-
elliptic to oval-oblong, 8 to 17 em. long, 2 to 6.5 em. wide, acuminate at both
ends, acutely serrate or serrulate, scarcely rough above, griseously subtomentose-
pilose beneath; heads numerous, cymose-panicled; disk in anthesis 1 to 1.2 cm.
high, 5 to 7 mm. thick; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high, the phyllaries few, linear,
acute or acutish; rays about 1.2 em. long.
17. Verbesina intermissa Blake, nom. nov.
Coreopsis liebmannii Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 145. 1887. Not
Verbesina liébmannii Schultz Bip. 1887.
Known only from the type locality, Pelado, Mexico.
Probably shrubby; ‘‘stem hirtous’”’; leaves opposite; petioles about 3 to 8
mm. long; blades rhombic-ovate, 7 to 10 em. long, 3.5 to 4 em. wide, acuminate
to each end from near the middle, serrate or serrulate, above roughish, strigose
—— ee as
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1579
and strigillose, beneath rather densely griseous or subcanescent-strigillose and
gland-dotted, glabrescent; heads 3 to 6, cymose or cymose-panicled, the pedicels
1 to 2 em. long; involuere 7 to 8 mm. high, the outer phyllaries linear, acute,
spreading; pales with short erectish points; rays 1.5 em. long.
Fragments of the type have been examined in the Gray Herbarium.
18. Verbesina hypoglauca Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 144. 1887.
Encelia conzatiii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 111. 1903.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Cumbre de Acalcingo.
Shrub 3 to 5 meters high; branches appressed-puberulent; leaves opposite
nearly throughout; petioles about 5 mm. long, naked; blades lance-oblong or
elliptic, 4.5 to 9.5 em. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide, acuminate at each end, callous-
Genticulate, green above, subsericeous-canescent beneath with very dense and
short appressed hairs; heads usually numerous, cymose-panicled; involucre 4 to
5 mm. high, the outermost phyllaries the longer, linear to oblanceolate, canescent
on back; rays § to 12 mm. long.
19. Verbesina neriifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 188. 1881.
Chiapas.
Similar to V. hypoglauca; stem with narrow herbaceous wings; leaves alternate,
pubescent as in V. hypoglauca; heads few, short-pediceled, the pedicels usually
winged; rays i to 1.3 em. long.
20. Verbesina gracilipes Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 269. 1904.
Puebla; type from Tehuacan.
Shrub; branches spreading-pubescent; leaves alternate; petioles 5 mm. long
or less, often with auricles or decurrent wings at base; blades elliptic or obovate,
2.5 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 2.5 em. wide, acute or obtusish, long-cuneate at base,
green above, canescently tomentose-pilose beneath; heads 1 to 4, long-peduncled;
involucre 5 to 7 mm. high, the outermost phyllaries herbaceous, obovate or ob-
lanceolate, loose; rays 1 to 1.5 em. long.
21. Verbesina petrophila T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 3: 395. 1909.
Puebla; type from Barranca de Tlacuilosto and San Luis Tultitlanapa.
Shrub 0.5 to 1 meter high; branches tuberculate, often narrowly corky-winged
by the decurrent leaf bases; leaves alternate, chiefly obovate or elliptic, 3 to 5
em. long, 1 to 2 em. wide, obtuse, narrowed to the sessile base, entire, tuberculate-
hispidulous, the hairs mostly deciduous; heads 1 to 5, the pedicels 1.5 to 3.5
em. long; involucre about 8 mm. high, the phyllaries linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
loose; rays about 1 em. long.
22. Verbesina liebmannii Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 144. 1887.
Verbesina variabilis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 47. 1896.
Chihuahua to Mexico and Oaxaca; type from Cumbre de Estepa, Oaxaca.
Shrubby, 1 to 1.5 meters high; stem puberulous; leaves chiefly alternate;
petioles 2 to 15 mm. long, usually with corky auricles or decurrent wings at
base; blades lanceolate to rhombic-ovate, 5 to 11.5 em. long, 1.5 to 5.5 em.
wide, acuminate or acute at both ends, serrate or serrulate, usually rough above,
strigillose to pilose beneath chiefly on the veins; heads several or numerous,
cymose-panicled, the pedicels 1 to 3.8 cm. long; involucre about 2-seriate, 3 to
5 mm. high, the phyllaries chiefly ovate or oblong, obtuse or acutish; pales with
short, cuspidate, spreading or reflexed tips; rays 7 to 12 mm. long.
23. Verbesina nelsonii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 46. 1896.
Known only from the type locality, between Ayusinapa and Petatlan, Oaxaca.
Herbaceous (?), stout; stem appressed-puberulous; internodes sometimes with
a corky wing near summit; leaves oblong, 15 to 20 cm. long, 3.7 to 5 cm. wide,
acuminate, auriculate-amplexicaul at base, crenate-serrate, practically glabrous;
heads numerous, densely cymose-panicled; disk in fruit 8 to 10 mm. thick;
involucre barely 2-seriate, 4 mm. high, the phyllaries oblong, obtusish; pales
with spreading or reflexed cusps; rays 4 to 5 mm. long.
1580 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
24. Verbesina otophylia Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 638. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Hacienda Buena Vista, 20 miles east of
Abasolo, Tamaulipas.
Shrub; branches strigillose; leaves alternate, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,
7.5 to 10.5 em. long, 1 to 1.3 em. wide, acuminate, sessile and narrowly auriculate-
clasping at base, serrate, strigillose above, practically glabrous beneath; heads 5,
cymose, the pedicels 6 to 20 mm. long; involucre 6 to 7 mm. high, slightly graduate,
the phyllaries oblong, obtuse to acutish, appressed; rays 4.5 mm. long. “Jara.’’
25. Verbesina potosina Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 27: 175. 1892.
San Luis Potosi; type from Hacienda de Angostura.
Suffrutescent (?); stem simple below the inflorescence, spreading-pilose, very
leafy ; leaves alternate, lanceolate or lance-oblong, 5.5 to 16 em. long, 8 to 20 mm.
wide, acuminate, sessile and auriculate-clasping, entire or slightly denticulate,
grayish green above, densely canescent-tomentose beneath; heads several or
many, cymose-panicled, the pedicels 1.5 to 6.5 em. long; involucre about 6 mm.
high, scarcely graduate, the phyllaries lanceolate, acuminate; rays about 2 mm.
long.
26. Verbesina oreopola Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 550. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, San Luis Potosf.
Shrub; branchlets hirsutulous; leaves alternate, lanceolate or narrowly lance-
oblong, 5 to 15 em. long, 1 to 2.5 em. wide, attenuate, narrowed to the sessile,
usually biauriculate base, smoothish above, rather sparsely pilosulous to canes-
cent-tomentose beneath, obscurely serrulate; heads several in a flattish cymose
panicle; involucre 4 mm. high, about 2-seriate, the phyllaries ovate or oblong-
ovate, obtusish; pales with short, erect or incurved mucros; rays 5 mm. long.
27. Verbesina auriculata DC. Prodr. 5: 617. 1836.
Oaxaca; type from Tehuantepec.
Shrubby; stem finely velvety; leaves alternate, elliptic-oval, 18 to 27.5 em.
long, 5 to 11 cm. wide, acuminate, attenuate to the obtusely auriculate sessile
base, dentate, scabrous above, sordid-tomentulose beneath; heads numerous,
cymose, with small rays; involucre 2 or 3-seriate, the phyllaries broadly ovate,
acute or obtuse; pales subulate-tipped, stiff, nearly glabrous.
28. Verbesina acapulcensis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 551.
1899.
Known only from the type locality, vicinity of Acapulco, Guerrero.
Stem puberulent, winged by the decurrent leaf bases; leaves alternate; petioles
short, winged; blades ovate or oval-ovate, 10 to 22 em. long, 2.5 to 12 em. wide,
acuminate at each end, callous-denticulate, scabrous above, sordidly subto-
mentose-pilosulous beneath; heads numerous, short-pediceled; involucre 5 to
6 mm. high, the phyllaries oblong-ovate, acute; rays about 4 mm. long.
29. Verbesina xanthochlora Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34:
551. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Atlixco, Puebla.
Herb (?); stem canescent-puberulent, narrowly winged by the decurrent leaf
bases; leaves mostly opposite, ovate-oblong, about 12 cm. long, 5 em. wide,
obtuse, subentire or dentate-serrate, green on both sides, strigillose; heads short-
pediceled, cymose; involucre 5 mm. high, the phyllaries suborbicular, with
obtuse or rounded, squarrose, herbaceous tips; rays about 5 mm. long.
30. Verbesina mollis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 203. 1820.
Verbesina sericea Kunth & Bouché, ‘‘Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 1848: 14. 1848;”’
Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Bot. 11: 228. 1849.
Vernonia exaltata Hort.; Kunth & Bouché, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Bet. 11: 228.
1849, as synonym.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1581
Vernonia karwinskiana Hort.; Kunth & Bouché, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. Bot. 11:
228. 1849, as synonym. Not Vernonia karvinskiana DC. 1836.
Oaxaca; type collected between Guanajuato and Villalpando.
Shrubby; stem densely subtomentose-pilose, narrowly winged; leaves alternate
elliptic to ovate, 5 to 9.5 em. long, 1.5 to 3.5 em. wide, acute, sessile, entire on
callous-denticulate, densely and rather softly pubescent but green or greenish
above, densely and canescently silky-tomentose beneath; heads several or numer-
ous, cymose-panicled; pales with erect acuminate tips; rays about 2 mm. long.
“Teh-peyotl’’ (Reko).
31. Verbesina oncophora Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 109. 1893.
Verbesina virgata conyzoides DC. Prodr. 5: 616. 1836.
Verbesina conyzoides Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 5: 616. 1836, as synonym.
Not V. conyzoides ‘‘ Trew, 1769.”
Mexico and Morelos; type from Sierra de las Cruces, State of Mexico.
Shrub 2 to 3.5 meters high; stem cinereous-puberulent; leaves alternate, rarely
partly opposite; petioles 1 to 2.5 em. long, naked, bearing at base a pair of corky,
usually deciduous auricles; blades elliptic-oblong or oblong-ovate, 6 to 18 em.
long, 2.5 to 6.3 cm. wide, acute or acuminate at each end, serrulate, rough above,
cinereously or subcanescently tomentose-pilosulous beneath; heads numerous,
cymose-panicled, short-pediceled; involucre 2.5 to 3.5 mm. high, the phyllaries
ovate or oblong, obtuse to acute; pales blunt or with short erect mucros; rays
about 3 mm. long.
32. Verbesina virgata Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 38. pl. 275. 1795.
Verbesina salicifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 205. 1820.
Zacatecas to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrubby, up to 2.5 meters high; stem puberulous; leaves sessile or short-
petioled, at base usually with corky auricles or decurrent on the stem, the blades
lanceolate or lance-oblong, 6 to 16 cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. wide, acuminate, usually
rounded at base, serrate or serrulate, smooth or smoothish above, sparsely
puberulous or pubescent beneath; heads numerous, in a usually concave panicle;
involucre about 5 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse to acuminate; pales with
recurved cusps; rays 4 to 6 mm. (rarely 1 cm.) long.
38. Verbesina serrata Cay. Icon. Pl. 3: 7. pl, 214. 1795.
Durango to Jalisco and Hidalgo; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrub 1 to 1.5 meters high; stem sparsely or densely pubescent; leaves opposite,
very rarely alternate or ternate; petioles 5 to 10 mm. long; blades ovate or lance-
ovate, 5 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 7 cm. wide, acuminate, cuneate to rounded at base,
sharply and usually coarsely toothed, green and rough above, beneath paler,
densely cinereous-pilose or hirsute-pilose and usually prominently reticulate;
heads usually numerous, cymose-panicled; involucre 4 to 7 mm. high, subequal,
the phyllaries mostly oblong or obovate, herbaceous, obtuse; pales acute, erect-
tipped; rays about 5 mm. long. ‘Palo cenizo’”’ (Michoacan); ‘vara blanca”’
(Guanajuato). :
33a. Verbesina serrata pringlei (Robinson) Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer.
Acad. 34: 553. 1899.
Verbesina pringlet Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 27: 175. 1892.
Jalisco and Michoacan; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Similar; leaves triangular-ovate in outline, coarsely incised-toothed or lobed.
33b. Verbesina serrata amphichlora Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad.
34: 553. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, between Ramos and Inde, Durango.
Leaves lance-ovate, finely appressed-puberulent and bright green on both
sides.
1582 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
34. Verbesina resinosa Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 144. 1887.
Known only from the type locality, Yavesia, Oaxaca.
Branchlets pubescent, resiniferous; leaves opposite; petioles 4 to 6 mm. long;
blades oblong, 7.5 em. long, 2.5 em. wide, serrulate, glabrous above, beneath
paler, pilose along the veins, reticulate-venose; heads cymose-panicled; phyl-
laries 2-seriate, obtuse, pilose above and ciliate; rays 6. (Description compiled.)
35. Verbesina luisana T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 259. 1908.
Puebla; type from San Luis Tultitlanapa.
Suffrutescent; branchlets pilosulous; leaves opposite; petioles 5 to 10 mm.
long, sometimes narrowly winged; blades ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to 7 cm. long,
2.5 to 4 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate or rounded at base, serrate, rough above,
griseous-pilosulous or hispidulous (the hairs with glandular-tuberculate bases)
and reticulate beneath; heads few to rather numerous, in somewhat umbelliform
cymes or cymose panicles, subcylindrie in anthesis; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high,
2-seriate, the phyllaries ovate, obtuse to acutish; rays about 2, about 2 mm. long.
36. Verbesina grayii (Schultz Bip.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr.
Amer. Bot. 2: 188. 1881, as V. grayi.
Zexmenia grayti Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 305. 1856.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre of northern Mexico.
Suffruticulose, pubescent; leaves opposite; petioles 4 to 6 mm. long; blades
ovate-lanceolate, 6.5 to 9 em. long, 1.4 to 2 em. wide, attenuate at each end,
rough above, beneath pale, tomentulose, and prominently reticulate; heads
1 to 3, about equaling the pedicels; involucre 6 mm. high, the phyllaries linear-
lanceolate, acute or acuminate (obtuse according to Robinson & Greenman);
rays 4 mm. long. (Description compiled.)
37. Verbesina molinaria Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 553. 1899.
Morelos; type from Cuernavaca.
Shrub 2.5 to 5 meters high; stem cinereous-puberulous; leaves chiefly opposite;
petioles 3 to 7 mm. long; blades elliptic-oblong, 8 to 15.5 em. long, 2 to 4 cm.
wide, acuminate at each end, serrulate or serrate, green and rough above,
densely and cinereously pilose-tomentose beneath; heads rather small, numerous,
cymose-panicled, exceeded by the leaves; involucre 3 mm. high, the phyllaries
oblong to lance-ovate, acutish to acuminate; pales with short erectish mucros;
rays about 2 mm. long.
38. Verbesina robinsonii (Klatt) Fernald; Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer.
Acad. 34: 554. 1899.
Otopappus alternifolius Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 165. 1891.
Otopappus robinsonii Klatt, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 362. 1894.
Verbesina alternifolia Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 235. 1915. Not
V. alternifolia Britton, 1893.
San Luis Potosf; type from San José Pass.
Shrubby (?); stem cinereous-pilosulous; leaves alternate; petioles 5 to 7 mm.
long; blades oblong-lanceolate, 8 to 10 em. long, 2 to 3 em. wide, acuminate at
each end, serrate or serrulate, green and scarcely rough above, cinereous-to-
mentose beneath; heads several, in fruit 1.2 to 1.5 em. thick, in a flattish cymose
panicle, the pedicels 0.8 to 5 em. long; involucre 7 to 10 mm. high, the phyllaries
lanceolate-linear or linear, herbaceous, acute or acutish; rays about 4 mm. long.
39. Verbesina chiapensis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 554.
1899.
Known only from the type locality, near Tumbald, Chiapas.
Shrub; branches strigillose; leaves alternate; petioles about 4 mm. long; blades
lance-oblong, 15 to 20 cm. long, 3.2 to 6 em. wide, attenuate, acuminate at base,
serrulate, subglabrous above, green and finely appressed-puberulent beneath;
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1583
heads numerous, cymose-panicled, the pedicels 1 to 4 em. long; disk in fruit 1.2
em. thick; involucre 2-seriate, 3 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate or ovate-oblong,
obtuse to acutish; rays about 8 mm. long.
40. Verbesina cinerascens Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 555.
1899.
Known only from the type locality, near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Shrub 1.5 to 2.5 meters high; branchlets pilosulous; leaves alternate, short-
petioled, lanceolate or lance-oblong, 5.5 to 13 em. long, 1 to 3 em. wide, acuminate
at each end, serrulate or serrate, rough above, cinerascently pilosulous beneath;
heads rather numerous, in fastigiate cymose panicles, the pedicels 3 cm. long or
less; disk in fruit 7 to 10 mm. thick; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high, the phyllaries
ovate or oblong-ovate, acute; pales in fruit with recurved mucros; rays 3 to8 mm.
long. é
41. Verbesina crassipes Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 555. 1899.
Oaxaca; type from Cafiada Santa Maria.
Shrub; branches scabrous-tomentose; leaves alternate, sessile, obovate-lanceo-
late, 6 to 9 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, acute, cuneate at base, serrate, rough above,
beneath green and tomentulose (at least on the veins) and at length scabrous;
heads numerous, densely cymose, the pedicels thick and short; disk in fruit 1.5
em. thick; phyllaries ovate-oblong to obovate, obtuse to acute, appressed-
pubescent; pales acute; rays 8 to9 mm. long. (Description compiled.)
42. Verbesina hypargyrea Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 556.
1899.
Chiapas; type collected between Hacienda Juncana and San Vicente. Guate-
mala.
Shrub or tree; branches cinereous-puberulent, glabrate; leaves alternate, ses-
sile or petioled, lance-oblong or lanceolate, 5 to 12.5 em. long, 1.5 to 3 em. wide,
acute or acuminate, at base acuminate, crenate-serrate, green and smooth above,
densely silvery-strigillose beneath; heads numerous, panicled, the pedicels mostly
about 1 cm. long or less; disk in fruit 7 to 10 mm. thick; involucre 3 mm. high,
the phyllaries ovate or oblong, obtuse or the inner acutish; pales erect-mucronate;
rays about 4 mm. long.
43. Verbesina persicifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 614. 1836.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type collected between Santander
and Victoria, Tamaulipas.
Shrubby; branches sparsely strigillose; leaves alternate; petioles 7 to 12 mm.
long; blades lance-elliptic to oblong-ovate, 7 to 14 em. long, 1.5 to 5.5 em. long,
acuminate at each end, serrate or serrulate, green and smoothish above, green
and glabrous beneath except for the sparsely strigillose costa and chief veins;
heads usually numerous, cymose-panicled, the pedicels 1 to 6 em. long; disk in
fruit 1 to 1.3 cm. thick; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, the phyllaries chiefly narrow-
oblong and obtuse, ciliolate, otherwise nearly glabrous; pales obtuse or shortly
erect-mucronate; rays about 5 mm. long.
44. Verbesina olivacea Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 93. 1884.
Silphium arborescens Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Silphium no. 4. 1768.
Otopappus olivaceus Klatt, Ann. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien 9: 362. 1894.
Verbesina arborescens Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 57. 1915. Not V.
arborescens Gémez, 1890.
Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Vera-
cruz.
Shrub 3.5 to 4 meters high; stem puberulous; leaves alternate; petioles 4 to
12 mm. long; blades lance-oblong, ovate-oblong, or subrhombic-ovate, 5 to 11.5
cm. long, 2.3 to 4.3 em. wide, obtuse to acuminate, acuminate at base, serrate or
57020—26——18
1584 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
serrulate, rough above, sordidly subtomentose-pilosulous beneath; heads rather
numerous, ¢ymose or cymose-panicled, the pedicels 1.5 to 8.5 cm. long; disk in
fruit 1 to 1.5 em. thick; involucre 5 to 7.5 mm. high, the phyllaries about 3-seriate,
slightly graduate, oblong, obtuse; pales obtuse or acutish; rays about 6 mm. long.
45. Verbesina seemannii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 306. 1856.
Chihuahua; type from the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico.
Shrubby; branches glabrous; leaves alternate; petioles 6 mm. long; blades
oblong-lanceolate, 10 cm. long, 2.5 em. wide, attenuate at each end, serrate,
rough above, glabrescent beneath; heads cymose; involucre 2-seriate, 2 mm. high,
the phyllaries ovate-oblong, obtuse; pales with reflexed mucro; rays 6 to 8 mm.
long. (Description compiled.)
46. Verbesina angustifolia (Benth.) Blake, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 53: 199.
1915.
Salmea angustifolia Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 117. 1844.
Known only from the type locality, west coast of Mexico.
Shrub; branches densely spreading-hispidulous; leaves alternate; petioles 1 to
2 mm. long; blades lanceolate, 5.5 to 8.5 em. long, 1.4 to 2.2 em. wide, acute to
acuminate at each end, obscurely serrulate, harsh above, rather densely tuber-
culate-hispidulous beneath; heads several, exceeded by the leaves, the disk
9.5 mm. wide in fruit; involucre 2-seriate, about 1.5 mm. high, the phyllaries
broadly ovate, obtuse, nearly glabrous; pales with recurved tip; rays not seen.
47. Verbesina cymbipalea Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 638. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Tepic, Tepic.
Probably shrubby; stem naked or narrowly winged, densely spreading-hispidu-
lous; leaves alternate; petioles 3 to 6 mm. long; blades lance-elliptic, 7 to 16 em.
long, 1.5 to 4 em. wide, acuminate at each end, serrulate, rough above, evenly
hispidulous beneath; heads numerous, panicled, the pedicels 1.5 to 3 em. long;
disk in fruit 7 to 10 mm. thitk; involucre 2-seriate, 2 mm. high, the phyllaries
oblong or oval, obtuse; pales with reflexed tip; rays 3 mm. long.
48. Verbesina abscondita Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 93. 1884.
Verbesina smithii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 46. 1896.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality. Guatemala.
Shrub, up to 5 meters high; branches pilosulous to hispidulous with spreading
hairs; leaves alternate; petioles 2 to 8 mm. long; blades elliptic to rhombic-ovate,
5 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 3.8 em. wide, acute to acuminate at each end, serrate or ser-
rulate, very rough and in age rugose above, beneath densely and griseously or
canescently subtomentose-pilosulous or hispidulous; heads numerous, cymose-
panicled, the pedicels usually less than 1 em. long; disk in fruit about 7 mm. thick;
involucre about 3 mm. high, the phyllaries obtuse to acutish; pales straight-
tipped; rays about 2.5 mm. long.
49. Verbesina perymenioides Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 143. 1887.
Oaxaca; type from Yavesia.
Shrub 2 to 5 meters high; branches strigose or strigillose; leaves alternate;
petioles 5 to 15 mm. long; blades elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic-ovate, 7.5 to 13 cm.
long, 2 to 4.5 em. wide, acuminate at each end, serrate or serrulate, smooth above,
sparsely or rather densely and loosely pilosulous beneath; inflorescence much as
in V. abscondita, but the pedicels strigillose, usually about 1 cm. long.
50. Verbesina ortegae Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 32: 191. 1919.
Known only from the type locality, San Ignacio, Sinaloa.
Shrubby; branches strigillose; leaves like those of V. perymenioides, but
sparsely strigillose beneath; panicles as in V. perymenioides.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1585
51. Verbesina fastigiata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 558. 1899,
Mexico, without definite locality.
Tomentulose, the young parts white-woolly; stem rather broadly winged;
leaves alternate; petioles winged; blades palmately 3-lobed, 8 to 20 cm. long, 5 ve
14 cm. wide, scabrid above, loosely canescent-tomentose beneath; heads numerous,
in flattish fastigiate cymose panicles; involucre about 3-seriate, the phyllaries
narrow-ovate, acute; pales erect-tipped; rays small. (Description compiled.)
52. Verbesina greenmani Urban, Symb. Antill. 5: 265. 1907.
Verbesina pinnatifida Cay. Icon. Pl. 1: 67. pl. 100. 1791. Not V. pinnatifida
Swartz, 1788.
Western Mexico, from Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite
locality.
Shrubby, up to 6 meters high; stem pubescent to nearly glabrous, rather broadly
winged; leaves opposite, large, mostly 15 to 32 em. long (including the broadly
winged petiole), 7 to 19 cm. wide, ovate in outline, coarsely 3-lobed to pinnatifid,
rough above, green or griseous beneath; heads humerous, in fastigiate eymose
panicles; involucre about 3.5 mm. high; rays about 3 mm. long. ‘‘Capitana,”’
“huichin’’ (Ramirez).
53. Verbesina montanoifolia Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 559.
1899.
Verbesina montanoifolia leptopoda Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 40. 1907.
Michoacan; type from Pdtzcuaro. 3
Shrubby, up to 5 meters high; stem narrowly 4-winged, puberulous; leaves f
opposite; petioles broadly or narrowly winged at least above, 1 to 3 em. long;
blades broadly ovate in outline, 4.5 to 16 em. long, 3 to 13 cm. wide, sinuately
3 or 5-lobed or the upper unlobed, serrate, rough above, beneath hispidulous or
pilosulous and densely reticulate; heads numerous, in fastigiate ceymose panicles;
involucre about 3 mm. high; rays 3 to 6 mm. long.
54. Verbesina trilobata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 46. 1896.
Oaxaca; type from Monte Alban. .
Shrubby, 1.6 to 3.3 meters high; stem wingless, nearly or quite glabrous; leaves
opposite; petioles winged at least above, about 2 em. long; blades rhombic-ovate
in outline, 8 to 12 em. long, about 4.5 em. wide, 3-lobed, serrulate, rough above,
griseous-hispidulous or hirsute beneath, not prominently reticulate; heads in
fastigiate cymose panicles; involucre 3 to 4 mm. high, the phyllaries chiefly
‘linear-lanceolate, acutish; ravs 4 to 8 mm, long.
55. Verbesina sublobata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 76. 1841.
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Sunil.
Shrub about 1.5 meters high; stem densely and sordidly subtomentose-pilose,
wingless; leaves alternate, ovate in outline, up to 22 em. long (including the
broadly winged petiole), 14 em. wide, sinuately lobed, callous-denticulate, rough
above, sordidly pilose-tomentose beneath; heads numerous, in large rounded
panicles; involucre about 3 mm. high, the phyllaries linear to oblanceolate,
acuminate; rays white, about 2 mm. long; achenes rather narrowly winged.
56. Verbesina turbacensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 203. 1820.
Verbesina verbascifolia Walp. Bot. Zeit. 9: 638. 1851.
Verbesina nicaraguensis Benth. in Oerst. Nat. For. Kjébenhavn Vid. Medd.
1852: 97. 1852.
Verbesina microcephala Benth. in Oerst: Nat. For. Kjébenhayvn Vid. Medd.
1852: 98. 1852.
Michoacdén or Guerrero to Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala to Costa Rica;
Colombia and Venezuela; type from Turbaco, Colombia.
1586 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Shrubby or suffrutescent, 1.5 to 6.5 meters high; branches densely sordid-
puberulous or tomentose, winged by the decurrent leaf bases; leaves alternate,
ovate or rhombic in outline, 12 to 38 em. long (including the broadly winged
petiole), repand-toothed to pinnatifid, rough above, griseous- or cinereous-
puberulous to subtomentose beneath; heads small, very numerous in large
fastigiate cymose panicles; involucre 1.5 to 3 mm. high; rays white, 2 to 4 mm.
long. ‘‘Camaliote,” ‘‘chimaliote,”’ ‘‘chimaliote blanco”’ (El Salvador).
57. Verbesina hypsela Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 269. 1904.
Chiapas.
Herbaceous (?), tall; stem glabrous, purplish, winged by the decurrent leaf
bases; leaves alternate, 10 to 30 cm. long, 7 to 18 em. wide, deeply pinnatifid
(the lobes 13 to 15), above very smooth, beneath thinly appressed-pubescent;
heads small, very numerous in a large convex panicle; rays white, 8 mm. long.
(Description compiled.)
58. Verbesina gigantoides Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 47: 213. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, Yajalé6n, Chiapas.
Herbaceous (?), tall; stem purplish, glabrous, wingless; leaves alternate;
petioles wingless, 5 to 15.5 em. long; blades 15 to 30 cm. long, 10 to 25 em. wide,
pinnatifid (the lobes about 11), smooth above, softly pubescent beneath; heads
small, numerous in a large convex panicle; rays white, 3.5 mm. long.
59. Verbesina pauciflora Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 189. 1881.
Verbesina cymosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 390. 1886.
Sinaloa and Chihuahua; type from Cerro de Pinal, Sinaloa.
Shrubby; stem wingless, hirsute-pilose, glabrescent; leaves opposite, short-
petioled, lance-oblong, 12 to 20 em. long, 1.8 to 3.5 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate
at base, scabrid above, cinereously subtomentose-hirsute beneath; heads very
numerous, small, 9-flowered, yellow, discoid, in cymose panicles; involucre 3
mm. high, the phyllaries oblong, obtuse, hirsute.
60. Verbesina oligantha Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 47: 214. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, Jimaleota, Michoacan or Guerrero.
Shrubby, 2 to 3 meters high; stem wingless, scabrid-puberulous; leaves oppo-
site; petioles 1 to 1.5 em. long; blades ovate or elliptic-ovate, 12 to 16 cm. long,
4 to 7 ecm. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, serrate, green and harsh on both
sides; heads numerous, in flat cymose panicles, 12 mm. high, 4 mm. thick, discoid,
yellow, 7-flowered; involucre 3 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate or oblong, obtuse
to acute.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
VERBESINA OAXACANA DC. Prodr. 5: 614. 1836.
VERBESINA SARTORII Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 143. 1887, as
synonym. This name is published by Klatt with reference to a Mexican plant
collected by Liebmann, but is referred as a synonym to V. leprosa Klatt, a species
restricted to Martinique.
VERBESINA TRIPLINERVIA Visiani, Nuov. Sagg. Accad. Sci. Padova 5: 264.
1840. Insufficiently described.
76. COREOPSIS L. Sp. Pl. 907. 1753.
Herbs or shrubs; leaves chiefly opposite; heads (in ours) yellow, radiate, the
' rays pistillate or neutral; involucre double, the outer phyllaries herbaceous,
1-seriate, small, the inner about 2-seriate, equal, submembranous, usually brown-
ish, vittate; achenes obcompressed, usually marginate or winged; pappus (in
ours) of 2 smooth or antrorse-ciliate awns, or wanting.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1587
Rays pistillate, fertile.
Leaves lanceolate to oval, unlobed or ternatisect.
Heads numerous, cymose-panicled; leaves lanceolate to oblong-ovate
Wmoned or Aernatisecie jee oe 5s ee Lene: peice.
Heads solitary or few; leaves cuneately oblanceolate to oval, unlobed.
Leaves 2 to 5 cm. long, cuneately oblanceolate or obovate.
2. C. cuneifolia.
MeAVesel toy, Cian lone: OVal?. Ak sek ee 3. C. parvifolia.
Leaves or their lobes linear-filiform or very narrowly linear.
Leaves entire, or rarely with a pair of lobes, 2 to 6 em. long.
4. C. cyclocarpa.
Leaves all, except sometimes the uppermost, pinnately 3 to 7-lobed.
Heads larger; involucre 6 to 8 mm. high; leaves mostly with 3 pairs of
NO OSE aE aati asi IR oan Gi aN 5. C. pinnatisecta.
Heads smaller; involucre 4 to 5 mm. high; leaves mostly with 1 pair of
| CLOVES ie ses ae alesis peter peel wane 8 ney Shit En 6. C. insularis.
Rays neutral.
Pappus none; achenes glabrous______________________ 7. C. cordylocarpa.
Pappus awns 2, antrorse-ciliate; achenes ciliate.
Leaves rhombic, merely serrate or doubly serrate____8. C. petrophiloides.
Leaves once or twice pinnatisect.
Heads smaller; inner phyllaries about 5 mm. long; rays 4 to 8 mm. long.
9. C. petrophila.
Heads larger; inner phyllaries 6 to 9 mm. long; rays 1 to 2 em. long.
Outer phyllaries narrowly linear; ultimate lobes of the leaves 1 to 2.5
RARELY SW TCLS: 179 Shia eh SERIES Sd PE. ET 10. C. rhyacophila.
Outer phyllaries linear-oblong; ultimate lobes of the leaves 0.6 to 0.8
Iam AGEs. LOA Fe es See ae ae 11. C. pringlei.
1. Coreopsis mutica DC. Prodr. 5: 571. 1836.
Electra mexicana DC. Prodr. 5: 630. 1836.
Electra galeotttt A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 110. 1852.
Coreopsis galeottii Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 195. 1881.
Coreopsis mexicana Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 196. 1881.
Guanajuanto to Chiapas; type from Tlapuajahua. Guatemala.
Shrubby, nearly or quite glabrous throughout, 2 meters high or less; leaf blades
lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 4 to 13.5 em. long, serrate, often ternatisect, coria-
ceous or papery, petiolate; heads 2 to 4.5 em. wide; achenes glabrous, epappose,
or the inner rarely with a pair of smooth slender awns.
la. Coreopsis mutica subvillosa DC. Prodr. 5: 571. 1836.
Coreopsis mexicana hyperdasya Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 338. 1913.
Hidalgo and Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Stem, infloresence, and lower leaf surface densely tomentose.
1b. Coreopsis mutica holotricha Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 55.
1917.
Coreopsis mexicana hyperdasya holotricha Blake, Proce. Amer. Acad. 49: 338.
1913.
Known only from the type locality, near San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Leaves small, densely and rather harshly cinereous-puberulous on both sides.
2. Coreopsis cuneifolia Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 43. 1904.
Durango and Jalisco; type from State of Durango.
Fruticose or suffruticose, about 60 em. high, erect-branched, somewhat pubes-
cent, glabrate; leaf blades toothed above the middle, subsessile; heads few,
long-peduncled, 2 cm. wide; achenes epappose.
15S8 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
3. Coreopsis parvifolia Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 338. 1913.
Known only from the type locality, Esperanza, Puebla.
Shrub, trichotomously branched, somewhat pubescent, glabrate; leaf blades
oval, serrate above the base, subsessile; heads solitary, 3 em. wide, on peduncles
3 to 6.5 em. long; achenes epappose.
4. Coreopsis cyclocarpa Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 339. 1913.
Leptosyne mexicana A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 429. 1887.
Not Coreopsis mexicana Hemsl. 1881.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Herbaceous or suffruticulose, many-stemmed, about 60 cm. high, nearly gla-
brous, leafy; leaves 2 mm. wide or less; heads few, long-peduncled, 1.5 to 2.5 em.
wide; disk corollas without hairy annulus; outer achenes suborbicular; pappus
none.
5. Coreopsis pinnatisecta Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 339. 1913.
Leptosyne pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. ITI. 50: 155. 1895.
Not Coreopsis pringlet Robinson. 1907.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Sierra de San Felipe, Oaxaca.
Herbaceous or suffruticulose, 40 to 70 em. high, essentially glabrous; leaves
2 to 4 em. long, pinnately or sometimes bipinnately lobed, the lobes 1 mm. wide
or less; heads few, long-peduncled, 2.5 em. wide; disk corollas with hairy annulus;
pappus none.
6. Coreopsis insularis (T. S. Brandeg.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 340.
1913.
Leptosyne insularis T. 8. Brandeg. Erythea 7: 5. 1899.
Known only from the type locality, Socorro Island.
Decumbent, suffruticose or suffruticulose, nearly glabrous; leaves 1 to 2.5
em. long, the lobes 1 mm. wide or less; disk corollas without annulus; pappus
none.
7. Coreopsis cordylocarpa A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 428.
1887.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Suffrutescent, about 2 meters high, leafy; leaves petioled, the blades 4.5 to
12 em. long, pinnatisect, the lobes 2 or 3 pairs, linear-lanceolate, serrate or the
lower sometimes lobed at base, 2 to 9 mm. wide, somewhat pubescent; heads few
or numerous, long-peduncled, 2.5 to 3.5 em. wide; achenes linear-clavate, scarcely
obcompressed, up to 12 mm. long.
8. Coreopsis petrophiloides Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 29: 388.
1894.
Colima to Michoacan; type from the Nevada de Colima.
Shrubby, 1 meter high, sparsely pubescent above and often on the leaves;
leaves petioled, the blades 4 to 9 em. long, 1 to 3.5 em. wide, acute at each end
or acuminate, the upper reduced; heads few, about 3.5 em. wide.
9. Coreopsis petrophila A. Gray inS. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 428. 1887.
Durango and Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco, Jalisco.
Suffruticose, branched, very leafy, nearly or quite glabrous; leaves slender-
petioled, the blades deltoid in outline, 3 to 4 em. long and wide, bipinnatisect,
the primary lobes 3 or 4 pairs, the ultimate divisions 1 to 2 mm. wide; heads
several or many, panicled, 1.5 to 2 cm. wide.
The specimen from Durango has broader leaf lobes than normal, and is referred
to this species with some hesitation.
10. Coreopsis rhyacophila Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 313. 1900.
Morelos; type from Cuernavaca.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 158§
Suffrutescent, 1 meter high or less, nearly glabrous; leaves slender-petioled,
often with fascicles in their axils, the blades deltoid, 3 to 8 cm. long and wide,
bipinnatisect, the primary lobes 3 to 5 pairs; heads 2.5 to 4 em. wide.
11. Coreopsis pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 41. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, San Juan del Rio, Querétaro.
Shrub, essentially glabrous; leaves petioled, the blades 2 to 4 em. long, 1 to
3 cm. wide, bipinnatisect, the segments narrowly linear; heads 1 to 5, 3 cm. wide.
77. COREOCARPUS Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 28. pl. 16. 1844.
REFERENCE: Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 342-345. 1913.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite, once to thrice pinnatisect; heads small, radi-
ate, yellow (or the rays sometimes white or purple-tinged), cymose-panicled;
involucre 2-seriate, subequal, the phyllaries 5 to 8, all submembranous, ovate to
ovate-oblong, narrowly pale-margined, lineate, sometimes with a few small
herbaceous bractlets at base; rays fertile; achenes obeompressed, with entire or
pectinate crustaceous wings; pappus none or of 2 retrorsely hispidulous awns.
. Leaves fleshy; wings of achene entire or merely crenulate_____- 1. C. dissectus.
Leaves not fleshy; wings of achene pectinately cut__________ 2. C. arizonicus.
1. Coreocarpus dissectus (Benth.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 344. 1913.
Acoma dissecta Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 29. pl. 17. 1844.
Leptosyne dissecta A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 301. 1884.
Leptosyne parthenioides dissecta 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 56. 1889.
Coreocarpus dissectus longilobus Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 345. 1913.
Southern half of Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.!
Shrubby, about 40 em. high, trichotomously branched, essentially glabrous;
leaves crowded, petioled, the blades 1.5 to 7.5 em. long, once to thrice pinnatisect,
the primary lobes 2 or 3 pairs, the ultimate divisions linear-filiform to linear-
lanceolate, 2.5 mm. wide or less; heads yellow, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, the pedunculate
panicles nearly naked; pappus none.
2. Coreocarpus arizonicus (A. Gray) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 344. 1913.
Leptosyne arizonica A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 218. 1882.
Coreopsis arizonica O. Hoffm. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 4°: 243. f. 118,
S. 1890.
Sonora and Chihuahua. Arizona; type from Fort Lowell.
Suffruticulose, 30 to 60 cm. high, essentially glabrous, branched at base; leaves
petioled, the blades 5 to 8 cm. long, pinnatisect into 3 to 5 linear lobes 1 to 3 mm.
wide, the lower pair sometimes again pinnatisect; heads yellow, or the rays white;
achenes sometimes with a pappus of retrorsely spinulose awns.
2a. Coreocarpus arizonicus pubescens (Robins. & Fern.) Blake, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 49: 344. 1913.
Leptosyne arizonica pubescens Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 30: 118.
1894.
Sonora; type from Granados.
Whole plant rather densely spreading-pilosulous.
2b. Coreocarpus arizonicus filiformis (Greenm.) Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad.
49: 344. 1913.
Leptosyne arizonica filiformis Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 44. 1904.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Choix, Sinaloa.
Leaf lobes linear-filiform, less than 1 mm. wide, the lower ones 4 to 6 cm. long.
A ERED Bil PET EAR RSE DS hE RY | SNE 7S EES EOE 8S
1 See Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52: 56. 1917.
1590 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
78. HIDALGOA Liave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Deser. 1: 15. 1824.
1. Hidalgoa ternata Llave in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 1: 15. 1824.
Hidalgoa lessingii DC. Prodr. 5: 511. 1836.
Melampodium ? hidalgoa DC. Prodr. 5: 521. 1836.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Rio Blanco, near San José del Corral. Guate-
mala and Ecuador.
Suffrutescent (?), somewhat sordid-pubescent or essentially glabrous, high-
climbing, the basally coiled and often thickened petioles functioning as tendrils;
leaves opposite, the petioles slender, about 4 cm. long, the blades about 6 cm.
long, ternatisect, the lobes ovate, acute, crenate-serrate, stipitate or subsessile,
thin; heads solitary or few, axillary and terminal, long-peduncled, 2.2 to 4.2 em.
wide; involucre double, as in Coreopsis; rays 5, orange, yellow, or apparently
purplish red, fertile; disk yellow (?), infertile, the styles undivided, the corollas
irregular, one tooth being deeper cut than the others; ray achenes oval, obcom-
pressed, thick, drupaceous, glabrous, about 7 mm. long, crowned with a pair
of short, thick teeth.
79. THELESPERMA Less. Linnaea 6: 511. 1831.
1. Thelesperma longipes A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 109. 1852.
Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and San Luis Potosi. Texas to Arizona; type from the
San Pedro River, Texas.
Suffrutescent, 15 to 40 em. high, much branched at base, nearly glabrous, very
leafy; leaves opposite, 2.5 to 7 em. long, pinnately parted into 3 or 5 filiform or
linear-filiform lobes as wide as the rachis, or the upper entire; heads discoid,
yellow, 7 to 10 mm. wide, solitary at apex of slender naked peduncles 9 to 24 em.
long; involucre double, the outer of small lance-ovate herbaceous phyllaries, the
inner of submembranous dark phyllaries, these connate about to middle, with
scarious yellow border; achenes thickened, curved, about 2.5 mm. long, muricate;
pappus an obscure border, sometimes produced into 2 very short teeth. ‘‘Hierba
de San Nicolds’’ (Nuevo Leén).
80. BIDENS L. Sp. Pl. 831. 1753.
Herbs, rarely suffrutescent; leaves mostly opposite; heads few to numerous,
in ours yellow and radiate; involucre double, as in Coreopsis; achenes (in ours)
linear, flattened or subquadrangular; pappus usually of 2 to 4 commonly retrorse-
hispid awns.
Leaves dissected into linear-filiform segments_________________- 1. B. nudata.
Leaves pinnately parted into 3 or 5 ovate to lanceolate divisions, rarely undivided.
2. B. squarrosa.
1. Bidens nudata T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 1: 309. 1890.
Cape Region of Baja California (Sierra de San Francisquito). }
Suffrutescent, about 60 cm. high, essentially naked above, trichotomously
branched, glabrous; leaves petiolate, 5 to 10 em. long, twice or thrice pinnatisect
into linear-filiform segments less than 1 mm. wide, as broad as the rachis; heads
about 3, long-peduncled, yellow, radiate, about 1.5 cm. wide; rays pistillate;
achenes linear, subquadrangular, about 6 mm. long; pappus of 2 or 3 retrorsely
hispid awns about 3 mm. long.
2. Bidens squarrosa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 238. 1820.
Bidens tereticaulis DC. Prodr. 5: 598. 1836.
' Bidens antiguensis Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 100. 1891.
Bidens tereticaulis sordida Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 115. 1903.
Bidens tereticaulis indivisa Robinson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 31: 270.
1904.
Bidens coreopsidis procumbens Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 42: 299. 1906.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1591
Tamaulipas to Chiapas. Guatemala to South America; type collected between
Caracas and Mount Buenavista, Venezuela.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous, scandent; stem glabrous or pubescent; leaves
petioled, the divisions Iepecoines to ovate, 2.5 to 9 cm. long, acute to attenuate,
closely serrate; heads usually numerous, cymose-panicled, slender-pediceled,
4.5 cm. wide or less; achenes linear, Bie the 2 awns spreading or recurved,
retrorse-hispid or OTooEn. “Flor de Comnna (El Salvador).
81. COSMOS Cav. Icon. Pl. 1: 9. pl. 14. 1791.
Herbs, rarely suffrutescent; leaves opposite, entire to dissected; heads radiate,
purple, pink, white, or yes involucre double, as in Diane rays neutral;
achenes shengnnaee een or angulate, more or ee distinctly rostrate; pappus of
2 to 9 retrorsely hispid awns.
An pe cccous species os this genus is much cultivated as an ornamental plant
under the name ‘cosmos.’
Rays purple.
Leaves narrowly linear and entire to bipinnatisect with linear divisions,
Pacreamore than t mm. wide-__. 2. 2. 1. C. crithmifolius.
Leaves pinnatisect, the lobes linear-filiform, 0.7 mm. wide or less.
2. C. seemannii.
meprnyetloweere ses 2 ce AON A eters ee ee oe 3. C. landii.
1. Cosmos crithmifolius H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 242. 1820.
Bidens valladolidensis Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 308. 1856.
Sinaloa to Oaxaca; type from Valladolid (Morelia), Michoacdn.
Suffrutescent, 50 to 90 em. high, slender, glabrous; leaves 3.5 to 12 em. long,
narrowly linear (1.5 to 4 mm. wide) and entire, or pinnatisect to bipinnatisect,
rough-margined; heads few or solitary, long-peduncled, 2 to 4.5 em. wide; disk
yellow; achenes linear-fusiform, angled; pappus of usually 4 awns. ‘‘Gallitos”’
(Sinaloa).
2. Cosmos seemannii (Schultz Bip.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 16.
1883.
Bidens seemannii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 307. 1856.
Tepic and Michoacan; type from the Sierra Madre.
Suffrutescent, about 60 cm. high, minutely hirtellous, leafy; leaves about
5 em. long, twice or thrice pinnatisect with very narrow divisions; heads 1 to 7,
long-peduncled, 2.5 to 4.5 em. wide; disk corollas purplish on the teeth; awns 6
to 9.
8. Cosmos landii Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 64: 29. 1917.
Bidens palmeri A. Gray in S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 429. 1887. Not
Cosmos palmeri Robinson, 1909.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Suffrutescent, about 1 meter high, glabrous; leaves 4 to 6 em. long, pinnat-
isect or bipinnatisect, the segments linear, 1 to 2 mm. wide, rough-margined;
heads several, long-peduncled, 2.3 to 3.8 em. wide; flowers all yellow; achenes
rostrate; awns 2 to 4.
82. CALEA L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1179. 1763.
Rererence: Robinson & Greenman, Revision of the Mexican and Central
American species of the genus Calea, Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 20-30. 1896.
Shrubs or sometimes herbs; leaves opposite; heads radiate or discoid, yellow
or white, usually cymose; involucre several-seriate, graduate, the phyllaries dry
or the outer sometimes herbaceous; rays if present fertile; achenes subterete or
4 or 5-angled; pappus persistent, of 4 to 20 usually equal, paleaceous saquamellae
or awns, rarely entirely wanting.
1592 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Pappus awns or squamellae 4 or 5.
Leaves densely tomentose or tomentulose beneath; heads 1 to 5, rather large
(about 1.8 em. wide).
Leaves ovate, subcordate, densely canescent-tomentose beneath; heads
BOMDHEY ee oo See ee ee Se Re eerste met ae ree ee ee ee 14. C. grayii.
Leaves ovate-oblong, not subcordate, very finely tomentulose beneath;
heads about asetis . “hee Sete ee 2. eee 15. C. discolor.
Leaves green beneath; heads numerous, or if few, then small. ’
Leaves small, the blades at most 2.5 cm. long, 7 mm. wide; heads few, small,
in a naked terminal cymose panicle._______________ 16. C. brandegei.
Leaves larger, 4 cm. long or more; heads numerous.
Leaves with conspicuous stipule-like auriculations at base.
17. C. manicata.
Leaves without stipule-like auriculations at base.
Leaves oblong, 7.5 em. wide, pilose on the nerves beneath.
18. C. orizabaensis.
Leaves lanceolate or oblanceolate, 1.5 to 3.5 em. wide, glabrous.
20. C. pachyphylla.
Pappus awns or squamellae 7 to 20.
Pappus awns as long as or longer than the achene.
Rays white or whitish, conspicuous.
Phyllaries ciliate, otherwise essentially glabrous______8. C. integrifolia.
Phyllaries rather densely pubescent dorsally.
Leaves thickish, scabrous, green in drying_________- 9. C. scabrifolia.
Leaves thin, nearly smooth, blackening in drying.
10. C. submembranacea.
Rays yellow or wanting.
Heads 2 to 13, rather large; pedicels 3 to 10 em. long.
; 11. C. longipedicellata.
Heads numerous, rather small, umbellate-clustered, usually short-pedi-
celed or subsessile.
Heads distinctly, madiate. 2c _ 2.42.38 jhe ot ee 12. C. urticifolia.
Heads discoid
Pappus awns or squamellae shorter than the achene.
Leaves densely cinereous- or griseous-tomentose or -tomentulose beneath.
Outer phyllaries without distinct herbaceous tips_________ 4. C. pringlei.
Outer phyllaries with conspicuous herbaceous tips.
Leaves broadly ovate, about two-thirds as wide as long; pappus
squamellaeacutishe +. =240e: <p, Bee ee ee 2. C. albida.
Leaves suborbicular, about as wide as long; pappus squamellae obtuse.
3. C. hypoleuca.
Leaves green and not densely pubescent beneath.
Pedicels mostly considerably longer than the heads.
Heads discoid, 8 to 14-flowered_________________- 1. C. salmeaefolia.
Heads radiate, with more numerous flowers.
Leaves ovate, half as wide as long_______________ 19. C. rupestris.
Leaves cuneate-obovate or oblanceolate, less than half as wide as
FON Gaara ea es ee eee ee 20. C. pachyphylla.
Pedicels mostly much shorter than the heads or obsolete.
Leaves glabrous and ‘not gland-dotted beneath_________ 5. C. nelsonii.
Leaves pubescent or gland-dotted beneath.
Heads subcylindric, 4 or 5-flowered____________ 6. C. leptocephala.
Heads turbinate or subcampanulate, 5 to 12-flowered.
7. C. zacatechichi.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1593
1. Calea salmeaefolia (DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 206. 1881, as
C. salmiaefolia.
Calydermos salmeaefolius DC. Prodr. 5: 670. 1836.
Tamaulipas.
Shrubby, about 1 meter high; branches slender, retrorse-puberulous in lines;
leaves short-petioled, the blades ovate, about 3 cm. long, acuminate or acute, few-
toothed, smoothish and lucid above, gland-dotted and sparsely pubescent beneath;
heads umbellate, about 6 mm. high; pedicels 9 to 18 mm. long; squamellae 0.5
mm. !ong.
2. Calea albida A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 38. 1879.
San Luis Potosf; type from Morales.
Shrub; branches densely sordid-pilose; leaf blades ovate, 2.5 to 3.7 em. long,
1.3 to 2.3 cm. wide, acute, coarsely toothed, rough above, gland-dotted and loosely
griseous-pilose beneath; heads cymose-umbellate, about 8 mm. high, about
20-flowered; flowers whitish; achenes about 3.5 mm. long, the pappus about 1.5
mm. long.
3. Calea hypoleuca Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 24. 1896.
Oaxaca; type from Sierra de San Felipe.
Similar to C. albida; leaves larger, 3 to 5 em. long and wide, densely pilose-
tomentose beneath, subsessile or short-petioled. ‘‘Cuanaxana’”’ (Reko).
4. Calea pringlei Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 488. 1901.
Guerrero and Morelos; type from Iguala, Guerrero.
Frutescent, sordidly pilose-tomentose, glabrescent; leaves subsessile, subor-
bicular-ovate or broadly deltoid-ovate, the larger = to 4.5 cm. long and wide,
rugose above, cinereously pilose-tomentose beneath; heads 7 to 10-flowered, in
dense umbelliform cymose panicles.
4a. Calea pringlei rubida Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 272. 1907.
* Known only from the type locality, near Chavarillo, Veracruz.
Leaves short-petioled, ovate, 1.5 to 3 em. long, two-thirds as wide; phyllaries
reddish-margined. (Description compiled.)
5. Calea nelsonii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 25. 1896.
Known only from the type locality, ridge back of Tonald, Chiapas.
Frutescent, glabrous; leaves short-petioled, the blades rhombic-ovate, 4.5 to
7.5 cm. long, 1.8 to 6 em. wide, coarsely toothed, glabrous and eglandular on both
sides; heads numerous, in umbelliform cymes, about 10-flowered; ray flowers
2 or 3, obscurely ligulate.
6. Calea leptocephala Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 646. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Tonameca, Oaxaca.
Shrub; stem puberulous in lines, glabrate; leaves petioled, the blades ovate,
5.5 to 8.5 em. long, 3.5 to 5 em. wide, acuminate, coarsely toothed, beneath gland-
.dotted and on the veins sparsely pilosu'ous; heads in small clusters at tips of
branchlets, the disk 6.5 mm. high, 2 mm. thick; phyllaries with involuite-margined
spreading apex; ray 1, small.
7. Calea zacatechichi Schlecht. Linnaea 9: 589. 1834.
San Luis Potos{f and Jalisco to Veracruz and Puebla; type from Hacienda de
la Laguna and Jalapa, Veracruz. Guatemala.
Much-branched shrub, puberulous or pubescent; leaves short-petioled, the
blades ovate or broadly triangular-ovate, 2 to 6.5 em. long, coarsely toothed,
veiny, gland-dotted and more or less pubescent beneath; heads small, about
12-flowered, in dense umbellate-cymose panicles; phyllaries without spreading
tips. ‘‘Tzicin,” ‘‘xicin’”’ (Yucatan, Maya); “zacatechichi,”’ “sacatechichi,”
‘‘sacachichic,” ‘‘zacachichi,” ‘‘zacatechi’’ (from the Nahuatl, zaca-chichic,
1594 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
’ , ’
bitter-grass); ‘“‘juralillo;”’ ‘‘zacate amargo,’”’ ‘‘simonillo,’’ ‘falso simonillo,’”’
‘‘bejuco chismuyo”’ (El Salvador).
The plant is bitter, and has been employed in Mexico as a remedy for affections
of the stomach, cholera, and malaria.
7a. Calea zacatechichi rugosa (DC.) Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad.
32: 26. 1896.
Calydermos rugosus DC. Prodr. 5: 670. 1836.
Calea rugosa Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 206. 1881.
Morelos and Veracruz (Orizaba); type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Similar; heads smaller, about 5-flowered.
7b. Calea zacatechichi calyculata Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 36: 488.
1901.
Sierra Madre near Monterrey, Nuevo Leén.
Similar to the typical form; involucre subtended by 2 or 3 herbaceous-tipped
bracts.
8. Calea integrifolia (DC.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 205. 1881.
Allocar pus integrifolius DC. Prodr. 5: 676. 1836.
Calea integrifolia dentata Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 20: 51. 1895.
Veracruz and Michoacan (or Guerrero) to Chiapas; type from Mexico, without
definite locality. Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua.
Shrub up to 2.5 meters high, pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaves short-
petioled, the blades ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to 12 cm. long, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide,
acute to long-acuminate, serrate or serrulate, usually rough above, from essentially
glabrous to rather densely pubescent beneath; heads 8 to 10 mm. wide, very
numerous in close cymose panicles, 15 to 20-flowered; disk yellow, the 5 rays white;
ray achenes epappose; disk achenes about 1 mm. long, their pappus 3 mm. long.
“Simincontra”’ (El Salvador, Pittier).
9. Calea scabrifolia (Hook. & Arn.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr.
Amer. Bot. 2: 206. 1881.
Allocarpus scabrifolius Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 300. 1840.
Ferdinanda oppositifolia Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 303. 1856.
Zaluzania oppositifolia Schultz Bip. Flora 44: 562. 1861.
Perymenium album 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 154. 1890.
Sinaloa to Jalisco and Durango; type from Jalisco.
Shrub, densely pubescent in the inflorescence, the branches pubescent or essen-
tially glabrous; leaves short-petioled, the blades oblong-ovate, ovate, or lance-
ovate, 4.5 to 10 cm. long, acuminate, very rough above, sparsely pubescent or
essentially glabrous beneath; heads numerous, panicled, 1.5 to 2.5 em. wide;
rays about 18 to 25, white, the disk yellow; ray achenes epappose; disk achenes
about 1.5 mm. long, their pappus 2.5 mm. long, or sometimes wanting. ‘‘Hierba
del becerro” (Ramirez).
10. Calea submembranacea Fernald, Bot. Gaz. 20: 535. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Zopilote, Tepic.
Similar to C. scabrifolia; stem sparingly villous; leaves submembranaceous,
smoothish, nigrescent in drying. (Description compiled.)
11. Calea longipedicellata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 28.
1896.
Chiapas; type from Choapam. Guatemala.
Shrubby or subherbaceous, 1 to 2 meters high, glabrous throughout except for
the puberulous tips of the pedicels; leaves short-petioled, the blades elliptic,
3.7 to 5 cm. long, coriaceous, denticulate; heads about 1 em. long, discoid, orange-
yellow; achenes 2 mm. long, the pappus 6 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1595
12. Calea urticifolia (Mill.) DC. Prodr. 5: 674. 1836, as C. urticaefolia.
Solidago urticifolia Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Solidago no. 30. 1768.
Caleacte urticifolia R. Br. Trans. Linn. Soc. 12: 109. 1817.
Calea axillaris urticaefolia Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 27. 1896.
Tepic and Veracruz to Chiapas; type from Veracruz. Guatemala to Panama.
Shrub 3 meters high or less, more or less pubescent; leaves petioled, the blades
ovate, 5 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 6 em. wide, acute, serrate, veiny, rough above and
often beneath; heads about 1 cm. wide, numerous in terminal and axillary um-
belliform panicles; outer phyllaries usually herbaceous-tipped; achenes ‘about
2.5 mm. long; pappus about 3.5 mm. long. “Quinina”’ (Chiapas); “‘tacote’’
(Tepic); “hierba de la paloma” (Urbina); ‘‘pashcuane”’ (Otom{); ‘“hierba de-la
rabia’”’ (Chiapas, Oaxaca); “chichiquizo,” “hoja amarga”’ (Oaxaca, Chiapas) ;
“Jalacate’”’ (Costa Rica).
12a. Calea urticifolia axillaris (DC.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52:
Oe Oli
Mocinna serrata Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 31. 1816.
Galinsogea serrata Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 579. 1826.
Calea axillaris DC. Prodr. 5: 673. 1836.
Durango, San Luis Potosi, and Veracruz; type locality not definitely stated.
Similar; leaf blades elliptic-lanceolate or lance-ovate, acuminate, 3.5 to 8
em. long, 1 to 2.5 em. wide. ‘“ Xalacatl;” ‘‘chilchaca’”’? (San Luis Potosf);
““ponchishui” (Urbina).
13. Calea trichotoma Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 13: 299. 1888.
Chiapas. Guatemala; type from Cobdn.
Reclining or subscandent (?) shrub, 3 meters high or less; branches densely
sordid-pubescent; leaves short-petioled, the blades ovate, 3 to 5.5 cm. long,
obtuse or acute, griseously pilose-tomentose beneath; heads several or numerous,
in close umbellate cymes or cymose panicles; outer phyllaries herbaceous at
least above; achenes about 2.5 mm. long, the pappus about 5 mm. long.
14. Calea grayii Klatt, Leopoldina 20: 96. 1884.
Calea tomentosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 38. 1879. Not C. tomentosa
Gardn. 1848.
Known only from the type locality, between San Luis Potosi and Tampico.
Branches densely canescent-tomentose; leaves slender-petioled, the blades
ovate, entire, rounded, veiny, glabrate above, densely canescent-tomentose
beneath; peduncles densely tomentose; heads radiate; involucre tomentose;
pappus of 5 lanceolate paleae, half as long as the achene. (Description compiled.)
15. Calea discolor A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 38. 1879.
Known only from the type, collected in Mexico without definite locality.
Branches minutely incano-tomentose; leaves petioled, the blades ovate-oblong,
obtusish, entire, glabrous above, finely whitish-tomentulose beneath; heads
radiate, about 1.8 em. wide; involucre glabrous; pappus of 4 or 5 small subulate
paleae. (Description compiled.)
- 16. Calea brandegei Greenm. in T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4:
280. 1912.
Puebla; type from Cerro de Coatape.
Shrub; branches cinereous-tomentulose, glabrate, nearly naked above; leaves
petioled, the blades elliptic or linear-lanceolate, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, 2 to 7 mm. .
wide, acutish, entire, glabrate; heads yellow, about 8 mm. wide; rays 8 to 10;
achenes about 2 mm. long; pappus (of ray and disk) of 4 unequal, linear, bristle-
like, lacerate squamellae or awns, 1 mm. long or less.
1596 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
17. Calea manicata (Schlecht.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2: 206. 1881.
Tetrachyron manicatum Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 744. 1847.
Veracruz; type from temperate Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrub up to 4 meters high, nearly glabrous; branchlets angulate; leaves lance-
olate, 7 to 12 em. long, 1.5 to 3.5 em. wide, acuminate, sessile or short-petioled,
auriculate-clasping at base, serrate; heads yellow, turbinate, radiate, numerous
in flattish terminal panicles; rays about 12; pappus of 4 unequal paleaceous
awns, half as long as the achenes or less.
18. Calea orizabaensis Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 145. 1887.
Tetrachyron orizabaense Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 145. 1887, as
synonym.
Voledn de Orizaba, altitude 2,440 to 3,050 meters.
Branches villous, pentagonal; lower leaves petioled, the blades 12.5 cm. long,
7.5 em. wide, sinuate-undulate, pilose on the nerves beneath; rays 4 or 5; pappus
awns 4, linear-lanceolate, shorter than the achene. (Description compiled.)
19. Calea rupestris T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 258. 1908.
Puebla; type from Boca del Monte.
Small shrub; branches glabrous, striate; leaves petioled, the blades ovate,
about 5 cm. long, 2 te 3 em. wide, acute, serrulate, coriaceous, pilose on the
nerves beneath; heads radiate, numerous in a flattish terminal panicle; achenes
about 3 mm. long; pappus of about 7 to 10 unequal awns and squamellae, 1.2
mm. long or less.
20. Calea pachyphylla (Klatt) Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 647. 1924.
Aspilia pachyphylla Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 143. 1887.
Actinomeris pachyphylla Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 148. 1887, as
synonym.
Altamirania pachyphylla Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 106. 1903.
Aspiliopsis pachyphylla Greenm. Bot. Gaz. 37: 222. 1904.
Oaxaca; type from Santa Gertrudis.
Suffrutescent, nearly glabrous throughout; leaves short-petioled, the blades
cuneate-obovate or oblanceolate, 5 to 12 em. long, 1.5 to 3.5 em. wide, acute,
serrate, coriaceous, feather-veined; heads about 8 in a subternate terminal
panicle, radiate; achenes 3 to 4 mm. long; pappus of 2 or 3 awns 1.5 mm. long,
and on each side between them 1 or 2 lacerate squamellae about half as long.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
CALEA CACOSMOIDES Less. Linnaea 5: 157. 1830.
Known only from the type locality, near Jalapa, Veracruz.
Leaves obtuse or acute at base, sharply serrate, subglabrous, lucid above;
heads cylindric, radiate, about 12-flowered. (Description compiled.)
CALEA LIEBMANNII Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 145. 1887.
Known only from the type locality, Gualulu, Mexico.
Leaves petioled, the blades ovate-elliptic, 5 em. long, 1.8 em. wide, coriaceous,
glabrous above, ferruginous and gland-dotted beneath; heads cylindric, 6-
flowered, short-pediceled, umbellate-cymose; phyllaries somewhat refiexed at
apex; pappus squamellae 10, short. (Description compiled.)
' CALEA SESSILIFLORA Less. Linnaea 5: 158. 1830.
Chrysosphaerium gnaphalioides Willd.; Less. Linnaea 5: 158. 1830, as synonym.
Mexico, without definite locality.
Shrub; leaves at base very obtuse and subcordate; heads cylindric, discoid,
10-flowered. (Description compiled.)
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1597
83. BEBBIA Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 179. 1885.
1. Bebbia juncea (Benth.) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 180. 1885.
Carphephorus junceus Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 21. 1844.
Baja California and islands; Sonora; type from Magdalena Bay, Baja California.
California to New Mexico.
Shrubby, 2.5 meters high or less, intricately branched, glabrous except on the
involucre and the apex of the peduncles, strong-scented; leaves opposite below,
alternate above, linear, about 3 cm. long or less, 2 mm. wide or less, entire or few-
toothed, fleshy; heads solitary or few and cymose at tips of the long, nearly naked
branches, discoid, yellow, 1 to 1.5 em. wide; involucre strongly graduate, 5 to
8 mm. high, the outer phyllaries (2 or 3 series) oval, subherbaceous with scarious
margins, obtuse or rounded, rarely acute, canescent-pubescent, the inner (about
2 series) thinner, subsecarious; proper tube of the corollas densely stipitate-glandu-
lar; achenes somewhat compressed; pappus 1-seriate, of 20 plumose bristle-like
awns more than twice as long as the achene.
la. Bebbia juncea aspera Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 180. 1885.
Bebbia aspera A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 37: 273. 1904.
Baja California and islands, Sinaloa, and Sonora. California, Nevada, and
_ Arizona; type from ‘southeastern borders of California, and adjacent Arizona.”’
Similar; stem and leaves more or less densely hispidulous; phyllaries usually
acute or acuminate.
1b. Bebbia juncea atriplicifolia (A. Gray) I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif.
Acad. IV. 2: 1197. 1924.
Carphephorus atriplicifolius A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 159. 1861.
Bebbia atriplicifolia Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 181. 1885.
Cape Region of Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
Stem hispidulous or sometimes glabrous; leaves petioled, the blades triangular-
ovate, 2 to 5 cm. long, 0.6 to 4 em. wide, hastately lobed or toothed; heads
several or numerous, cymose-panicled; pedicels usually stipitate-glandular as
well as hispidulous; involucre less pubescent, the phyllaries acute or acuminate.
84. TRIDAX L. Sp. Pl. 900. 1753.
REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, Revision of the genus Tridazx, Proc.
Amer. Acad. 32: 4-10. 1896.
Herbaceous, rarely suffruticulose; leaves chiefly opposite, entire to pinnatisect;
heads long-peduncled, radiate or rarely discoid; involucre 2 to several-seriate,
the phyllaries usually scarious-margined; rays white, rosy, or yellow, more or
less distinctly bilabiate, fertile; disk usually yellow; achenes turbinate, usually
villous; pappus of plumose squamellae or awns.
Plant green; leaves lanceolate to ovate, toothed__________- 1. T. procumbens.
Plant densely lanate-tomentose; leaves narrowly linear, entire.
2. T. candidissima,
1. Tridax procumbens L. Sp. Pl. 900. 1753.
Balbisia elongata Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2214. 1804.
Amellus pedunculatus Ort.; Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 2214. 1804, as synonym.
Balbisia divaricata Cass. Ann. Sci. Nat. 23: 90. 1831.
Throughout Mexico; type from Veracruz. West Indies; Guatemala to South
America; introduced in Florida, India, and Mauritius.
Herbaceous or suffruticulose (?), procumbent, hirsute; leaves petioled, the
blades lanceolate to ovate, 1 to 8 em. long, 0.5 to 3 em. wide, repand-toothed to
sharply serrate, cuneate-based; involucre 2 or 3 seriate, the phyllaries oblong,
acutish; rays creamy-yellowish or “white,” the disk yellow; pappus awns 4 mm.
long, about twice as long as the achene. ‘‘Cura-gusano”’ (Guatemala); ‘‘hierba
del toro”’ (El Salvador).
1598 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
In eastern Guatemala the leaves are placed on the flesh to kill carnivorous
insect larvae.
la. Tridax procumbens ovatifolia Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32:
7. 1896.
Known only from the type locality, Yalalag, Oaxaca.
Similar, more softly pubescent; leaves ovate, finely serrate, about 1.8 cm.
long, 1 em. wide; phyllaries mostly broadly obovate.
2. Tridax candidissima A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 39. 1879.
San Luis Potosf; type from Angostura.
Low, suffruticulose, ascending; leaves 2.5 to 5 cm. long, about 1.5 mm. wide,
entire; heads solitary, discoid, yellow; achenes turbinate, densely silky; pappus
of 20 slender plumose awns, three times as long as the achene.
85. HEMIZONIA DC. Prodr. 5: 692. 1836.
Herbs, rarely fruticose; leaves (in ours) opposite below, alternate above, entire
or pinnatisect; heads (in ours) solitary or cymose-panicled, yellow, radiate;
involucre 1-seriate, the phyllaries herbaceous above, scarious-margined and
ampliate below and enfolding the gibbous subquadrangular rugose epappose ray
achenes; receptacle bearing a single series of paleae between the rays and the
disk flowers; disk (in ours) infertile, the achenes with a pappus of 6 to 12 awns or
squamellae.
Lesves densely silky-strigose.3 22212...) _silaiiet: 3a ace 1. H. palmeri.
Leaves green.
Heads mostly solitary at tips of branchlets, forming a thyrse; leaves filiform.
2. H. frutescens.
Heads solitary at tips of branches, cymosely arranged; leaves linear or linear-
lanceolates. 4! Labvleduehsal vary legge aay aA 3. H. greeneana.
1. Hemizonia palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 24. 1890.
Known only from the type locality, Guadalupe Island, Baja California.
Low, much branched, the woody stem becoming 1 cm. thick; leaves and young
branches densely silky-strigose; leaves opposite below, crowded, oblanceolate or
linear, 1 to 1.8 em. long, 1.5 to 3 mm. wide, entire, acutish; heads about 1.2 em.
wide, densely panicled at ends of branches; rays 8; pappus of the disk achenes
of 6 to 12 linear-lanceolate acuminate denticulate awns, longer than the achene.
2. Hemizonia frutescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 79. 1876.
Known only from the type locality, Guadalupe Island, Baja California.
Fruticose, erect, about 60 cm. high, hirsute-pilose and glandular-viscid;
flowering branches fastigiate, very leafy; leaves filiform, about 2.5 cm. long, 1
mm. wide, entire or with a pair of short lateral lobes; heads about 6 mm. high;
rays 8 or 9; pappus of the disk achenes of 5 linear or subulate fimbriate-dentic-
ulate paleae.
3. Hemizonia greeneana Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 24. 1890.
Known only from the type locality, Guadalupe Island, Baja California.
Suffruticose, 0.6 to 1 meter high, tufted, more or less pubescent and viscid;
leaves of the sterile branches linear-lanceolate, 1.2 to 2 em. long, pinnatisect
with 6 to 8 lobes, or sometimes entire, those of the flowering branches linear,
entire; rays 8; pappus of the disk achenes of 6 to 10 unequal paleaceous awns.
86. JAUMEA Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 397. 1807.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 3. 1914.
1. Jaumea peduncularis (Hook. & Arn.) Oliver & Hiern.; Oliver, Fl. Trop.
Afr. 3: 395. 1877.
Chaetymenia peduncularis Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 298. pl. 62. 1837.
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1599
Jalisco and Tepic; type from Jalisco.
Shrubby, sparsely branched; stem glabrous except for hairy lines on the upper
internodes; leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, 8 to 12.5 cm. long, 7 to 17 mm.
wide, acuminate, entire, ciliate toward base, triplinerved; heads solitary or
ternate, yellow, radiate, 3 to 4 cm. wide, long-peduncled; involucre about 4-
seriate, graduate, 1.5 cm. high, with ovate appressed phyllaries; achenes narrowly
oblanceolate, about 8 mm. long; pappus of about 20 rigid barbate bristles, about
1 cm. long, slightly paleaceous-dilated at base.
87. VENEGASIA DC. Prodr. 6: 43. 1837.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 5. 1914.
1. Venegasia carpesioides deltoidea (Rydb.) Blake.
Venegasia deltoidea Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 5. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, Sauzal, Baja California.
Suffrutescent, 50 em. high and more, somewhat puberulous; leaves alternate;
petioles slender, about 2 cm. long; blades triangular-ovate, 5 to 8 em. long, 2 to
3.8 cm. wide, acuminate, subtruncate to slightly cordate at base, dentate, thin;
heads radiate, yellow, about 4 cm. wide, terminal and axillary, nodding in fruit,
long-peduncled; involucre broad, about 3-seriate, about 1.2 em. high, puberulous,
the outer phyllaries connate below, oval or oblong, herbaceous, with spreading
or reflexed tips, the inner membranous; receptacle hairy; achenes curved, about
3 mm. long, striate, glabrous, somewhat roughened, epappose.
88. CLAPPIA A. Gray in Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 93. 1859.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 5. 1914.
1. Clappia suaedaefolia A. Gray in Torr. U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 93. 1859.
Tamaulipas. Texas; type from Laredo.
Suffruticose or herbaceous, much branched from base, low, pale green, glabrous,
very leafy; leaves alternate, linear or linear-filiform, 2 to 6 cm. long, 0.5 to 2.5
mm. wide, entire or trifid, fleshy, subterete or flattened; heads radiate, yellow,
about 3 cm. wide, solitary at tips of upwardly thickened peduncles about 5
em. long; involucre about 4-seriate, graduate, about 7 mm. high, the phyllaries
oblong, rounded, glandular-vittate, thin-margined; receptacle densely paleaceous-
setose; achenes ribbed, sparsely hispidulous, 3 mm. long; pappus of about 35
unequal, hispidulous, setiform paleae, connate at extreme base, about 5 mm.
long.
89. PSILOSTROPHE DC. Prodr. 7: 261. 1838.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 6-9. 1914.
1. Psilostrophe cooperi (A. Gray) Greene, Pittonia 2: 176. 1891.
Riddellia cooperi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 358. 1868.
Northern Baja California. Nevada to California and Arizona; type from
Fort Mohave, Arizona.
Shrub, forming clumps about 0.5 meter high; stem and branches densely
pannose-tomentose; leaves alternate, linear or linear-oblanceolate, 2 to 5 cm.
long, 1 to 4 mm. wide, entire, green in age; heads radiate, yellow, solitary or
cymose-panicled, 1 to 2.5 cm. wide; involucre narrow, equal, woolly, of erect
connivent phyllaries; rays about 5, broad, papery-persistent; achenes slender,
nearly glabrous; pappus of several usually oblong, obtuse or acute, hyaline
paleae.
The other species of this genus are herbaceous or sometimes indurate at base,
but are never really frutescent.
57020—26——_19
1600 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
90. PERITYLE Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 23. pl. 15. 1844. !
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 12-19. 1914.
Herbs or undershrubs; leaves usually opposite at least below, petioled, entire
to dissected; heads radiate or discoid, white or yellow; involucre sub-2-seriate,
equal, the phyllaries carinate at least at maturity; rays fertile; disk corollas
4-toothed; achenes linear or oblong, strongly compressed, usually with distinct,
white, callous, ciliate margins; pappus a crown of more or less connate squamel-
lae, and usually 1 or 2 slender bristlelike awns, or rarely wanting.
Several of the species included in this treatment may be merely herbaceous.
Heads discoid.
Plant white-tomentose; heads numerous, naked-panicled_-______ 1. P. incana.
Plant green; heads solitary or tew-_ 222" 52 ----- oe eee 6. P. jaliscana.
Heads radiate.
Leaves deeply cut or lobed.
Pappus awn 1, much shorter than the achene__-_____~__- 7. P. lineariloba.
Pappus awns 1 or 2, as long as the achene.
Pappus awns 2; involucre cinereous-puberulent_____8. P. coronopifolia.
Pappus awn 1; involucre hirsute or villous.
Leaf blades usually 5-lobed, very thin, nearly glabrous_15. P. lobata.
Leaf blades 3-lobed, thickish, glandular-pubescent-____ 16. P. trisecta.
Leaves not deeply cut or lobed.
Rays white, 2 to 4 mm. long; pappus awns 2 (rarely 1 or none).
Achenes glabrous on the faces; leaf blades nearly or quite entire, 1 to
SRCTN ONG. once o Pas a kor ode Sl A ee 3. P. rosei.
Achenes pubescent on the faces; leaf blades usually coarsely toothed, if
entire only 3 to 8 mm. long.
Leaf blades 3 to 8 mm. long, entire or 1 or 2-toothed on each side.
Petioles usually much longer than the blades; disk corollas merely
clandilar onthe teeuhe- se es 4. P. hofmeisteria.
Petioles shorter than the blades; disk corollas hirsute-pilose on the
ee hha Se as SR ee ee ee 5. P. trichodonta.
Leaf blades 1 to 5 cm. long, coarsely dentate____2. P. spilanthoides.
Rays yellow, rarely white (?), 5 to 10 mm. long; pappus awn I or none.
Stems puberulent or glandular-puberulent.
Stem puberulent, obscurely if at all glandular; pappus awn as long as
thevachene: or longer). Se eye eee eee 9. P. leptoglossa.
Stem glandular-puberulent; pappus awn about one-third as long as the
achenes..=)- 2. 2b O20 ee 23 ee es ee eae 10. P. parryi.
Stems viscid-villous.
Achenes strongly ciliate; pappus awn about twice as long as the achene.
11. P. cordifolia.
Achenes obscurely ciliate; pappus awn not twice as long as the achene,
or wanting.
Leaves shallowly lobed, the lobes acutely toothed; squamellae well
developed 222. 242.4- -eb¢ -26 aagee tae ee Pe 12. P. palmeri.
Leaves dentate or doubly dentate, not lobed; squamellae minute or
wanting.
Leaf blades 1 to 2.5 cm. long; pappus present-_-____- 13. P. lNoydii.
Leaf blades 4 to 7 cm. long; pappus wanting__14. P. grandifolia.
1 The related genus Amauria Benth. is described by Rydberg as consisting of
suffruticose perennials, but the two known species are winter annuals.
;
—
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1601
1. Perityle incana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 78. 1876.
Nesothamnus incanus Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 84: 12. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, Guadalupe Island, Baja California.
Shrub 1 meter high, densely and closely white-tomentose throughout; leaf
blades 2.5 to 7 em. long and wide, pinnately cut, the divisions bluntly lobed and
toothed; heads about 6 mm. wide, very numerous in a naked pedunculate panicle;
achenes rather densely pubescent and ciliate; pappus of squamellae, without awns.
2. Perityle spilanthoides (Schultz Bip.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 17. 1914.
Galinsogeopsis spilanthoides Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 307. 1856.
Pericome spilanthoides Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2:
215. 1881.
Perityle microcephala A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 391. 1886.
Perityle saxosa T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 225. 1905.
Sinaloa, Chihuahua, and Durango; type from the Sierra Madre of northwestern
Mexico. Arizona.
Suffruticulose, lax or decumbent, much branched, up to 40 em. long, griseous-
puberulous; leaf blades 1 to 5 em. long and wide; heads cymose-panicled; pappus
a crown of squamellae and 1 or 2 awns, these shorter than the achene.
3. Perityle rosei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 45. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre west of Bolafios, Jalisco.
Suffruticulose, 10 to 20 cm. high, pilosulous; leaf blades deltoid-ovate, 1 to 3 em.
long, 0.5 to 2 em. wide; pappus a crown of squamellae, and 2 awns about as long
as the achene.
4. Perityle hofmeisteria Rydb N. Amer. Fl. 34: 18. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, vicinity of City of Durango, Durango.
Suffruticulose, diffusely branched, about 15 em. high, finely puberulent; petioles
5 to 14 mm. long; leaf blades ovate or rhombic-ovate, 3 to 8 mm. long; heads soli-
tary, on peduncles 1 to 3 cm. long; involucre puberulous but green; pappus a
crown of squamellae and 2 awns about as long as the achene.
5. Perityle trichodonta Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 60. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra Madre west of Bolafios, Jalisco.
Suffruticulose, 10 em. high, densely griseous-puberulous; petioles about 2 mm.
long: leaf blades ovate or rhombic-ovate, 3 to 5 mm. long; peduncles 1 em. long
or less; involucre griseous-pilosulous; pappus as in the last species.
6. Perityle jaliscana A. Gray in 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 22: 431. 1887.
Jalisco; type from Rio Blanco.
Suffruticulose, loose or procumbent, up to 25 em. long, puberulent; leaf blades
deltoid-ovate, 1 to 1.8 em. long, coarsely toothed, about equaling the petioles;
heads axillary and terminal, discoid; achenes sometimes 1-carinate on the faces;
pappus awns 1 mm. long or less; squamellae very short.
7. Perityle lineariloba Rydb. N. Amer. FI. 34: 18. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, San Ramén, Durango.
Suffruticulose (?), decumbent, about 30 cm. long, puberulous; leaf blades
triangular in outline, 2 to 4 em. long, pinnately 3 to 5-parted with entire or
laciniate-lobed divisions, very thin; peduncles 5 to 10 cm. long; rays white, about
4 mm. long.
8. Perityle coronopifolia A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 82. 1853.
Laphamia coronopifolia Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 210. 1881.
?Laphamia scopulorum Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 48. 1908.
Chihuahua and Sonora. Arizona and New Mexico; type from Copper Mines,
New Mexico.
Suffruticulose,-many-stemmed, diffusely branched or erect, up to 25 em. long,
puberulous; leaf blades triangular, 3 to 12 mm. long, ternately pinnatisect, the
primary divisions usually lobed or toothed; rays white, 3 to 6 mm. long.
1602 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
9. Perityle leptoglossa Harv. & Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 77. 1849.
Leptopharynz leptoglossa Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 22. 1914.
Sonora; type wrongly ascribed to California.
Suffrutescent, branched, griseous-puberulous on the younger parts; leaf blades
suborbicular, about 2 em. wide, cordate at base, shallowly and obtusely lobed,
the lobes crenate-toothed or crenate; heads about 1.5 to 2.3 em. wide; rays
apparently white; achenes ciliolate.
10. Perityle parryi A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 106. 1853.
Laphamia parryi Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 210.
1881.
Leptopharynx parryi Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 22. 1914.
Chihuahua. Texas; type from the Rio Grande.
Similar to the last species; stem subglandular-puberulous; leaf blades crenate
or slightly crenate-lobed; rays yellow; achenes ciliate.
11. Perityle cordifolia (Rydb.) Blake.
Leptopharynx cordifolia Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 22. 1914.
Sonora and Sinaloa; type from Topolobampo, Sinaloa.
Suffrutescent (?), low; leaf blades cordate-ovate, 1.5 to 3.2 em. long, doubly
crenate-dentate; heads about 2.5 em. wide; rays probably yellow.
12. Perityle palmeri 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 57. 1889.
Leptopharynx palmeri Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 23. 1914.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Guaymas, Sonora.
Suffruticulose (?), about 25 em. high; leaf blades cordate-ovate, 3 to 5 cm.
long, thin, about equaling the petioles; heads about 2 em. wide; rays yellow;
pappus awn nearly twice as long as the achene.
13. Perityle loydii Robins. & Fern. Proc. Amer. Acad. 30: 118. 1894.
Leptopharynx lloydii Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 22. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, Badehuache, Sonora.
Suffruticulose, 10 to 30 em. high; leaf blades deltoid-ovate, doubly dentate,
villous; heads about 1.5 em. wide; rays pale yellow; pappus a minute crown of
squamellae and 1 awn about equaling the achene.
14. Perityle grandifolia T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 224. 1905.
Leptopharynx grandifolia Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 23. 1914.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro Colorado, Sinaloa.
Suffrutescent, 10 to 20 cm. high; leaf blades ovate, about equaling the petioles,
crenate-serrate, cordate at base, thin; rays ‘yellow.’
15. Perityle lobata (Rydb.) I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1205.
1924.
Leptopharynz lobata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 23. 1914.
Baja California; type from Coronado.
Suffrutescent (?), about 10 em. high; leaf blades orbicular-reniform in outline,
1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, about equalJing the petioles, the lobes oblong-obovate, doubly
sinuate, dentate; rays yellow; pappus awn nearly twice as long as the achene.
16. Perityle trisecta Rydb.; Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 56: 39.
1918.
Leptopharynz trisecta Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 23. 1914.
Chihuahua; type from City of Chihuahua.
Suffruticulose, much branched, up to 30 em. high; leaf blades 1 to 3 em. long,
usually shorter than the petioles, deeply 3-lobed, the lobes toothed or crenatc;
rays pale yellow; pappus awn longer than the achene.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1603
91. LAPHAMIA A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 99. 1852.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 24-27. 1914.
1. Laphamia dissecta Torr.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 2: 81. 1853.
Laphamia lemmoni pedata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 16: 101. 1880.
Perityle dissecta A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 12: 320. 1884.
Leptopharynz dissecta Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 24. 1914.
Niggerhead Mountains, along Arizona-Sonora boundary line. Texas and
Arizona; type from Presidio del Norte, Texas.
Suffruticulose from a thick woody caudex, many-stemmed, about 15 em.
high, densely spreading-villous and glandular-puberulent, very leafy; leaf blades
suborbicular-ovate in outline, 5 to 10 mm. long, about equaling the petioles,
pedately trisect with lobed and toothed divisions; heads discoid, solitary, whitish,
about 7 mm. wide; achenes linear-oblong, densely hispidulous, not distinctly
ciliate, marginate all around (including apex); pappus awn 1, shorter than achene,
or wanting; squamellae none.
Several other species of Laphamia occur near the Mexican boundary, and will
doubtless be found in Mexico.
92. FLAVERIA [Juss.] J. F. Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2: 1269. 1791.
ReFrerENceEs: J. R. Johnston, A revision of the genus Flaveria, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 39: 279-292. 1903; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 84: 142-146. 1915.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent, usually glabrous; leaves opposite, sessile, narrow;
heads yellow, small, in close cymose panicles or glomerules; involucre 1-seriate,
of 1 to 8 phyllaries, sometimes with a few bractlets at base; ray 1 or wanting;
achenes oblong, 10-ribbed; pappus (in ours) none.
Poyllaries3 or 4; ligule 5 mm. long.o¢- 220 2 2 oP ee 1. F. vaginata.
Pavilarics o;isule 2 mnt. long ee a eee as Oe 2. F. linearis.
1. Flaveria vaginata Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 82: 48. 1896.
Known only from the type locality, between Coixlahuaca and Tamazulapan,
Oaxaca.
Suffrutescent (?), many-stemmed from a thick woody root, about 20 em.
high, prostrate to ascending; internodes very short, pubescent in lines; leaves
linear-lanceolate, 2 to 3 cm. long, attenuate, entire; heads 6 to 8-flowered, closely
aggregated; ray achene 2.2 mm., disk achenes 1.8 mm. long.
2. Flaveria linearis Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 33. 1816.
Flaveria maritima H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 285. 1820.
Selloa nudata Nutt. Amer. Journ. Sci. I. 5: 300. 1822.
Flaveria tenuifolia Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 81. 1834.
Gymnosperma nudatum DC. Prodr. 5: 312. 1836.
Yucatin. Florida, Bahamas, and Cuba; type from Havana, Cuba.
Suffrutescent, glabrous, up to 80 cm. high, prostrate to erect; lower internodes
short, the leaf bases persistent; leaves linear, 2 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 4 mm. wide,
fleshy, entire; heads 2 to 7-flowered, crowded in small, ternately divided, cymose
panicles, short-pediceled or sessile, about 5 mm. high; achenes equal, about
1.6 mm. long.
93. EUTETRAS A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 39. 1879.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 30. 1914.
1. Eutetras palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 15: 40. 1879.
Eutetras pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 266. 1905.
Zacatecas to San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo; type from Angostura, San Luis
Potosi.
1604 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM "
Undershrub 10 to 25 cm. high, cinereous-puberulous, especially on the branches,
and more or less glandular; leaves chiefly opposite, on slender petioles 0.5 to 3 cm.
long, the blades deltoid-ovate, 1 to 4.5 em. long, about as wide, acute, dentate-
serrate or sinuate-dentate; heads 1 to 3, radiate, 1.2 to 2 em. wide, white or rosy-
tinged, on peduncles 2 to 5 em. long; involucre 2-seriate, equal, 5 to 8 mm. high;
achenes 4-angled, about 3 mm. long; pappus of 4 slender awns 2.5 to 5 mm.
long, and 4 oblong squamellae 0.5 to 1 mm. long.
94. PALAFOXIA Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 26. 1816.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 62-63. 1914.
1. Palafoxia leucophylla A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 291. 1873.
Palafoxia arenaria T. 8. Brandeg. Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 178. 1889.
Palafozia linearis leucophylla I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1202.
1924.
Baja California; type from Carmen Island.
Suffrutescent, decumbent, up to 1 meter long, hispid and glandular; leaves
alternate, linear or elliptic-linear, 1.5 to 3.5 em. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, short-
petioled, obtuse, entire, canescent-strigose; heads few, discoid, turbinate, about
1.8 em. high, flesh-colored; phyllaries l-seriate, herbaceous; achenes_linear-
oblanceolate, 4-angled, about 8 mm. long; pappus of 4 to 6 linear-oblong truncate
scarious paleae with strong midrib, 5 mm. long.
95. ERIOPHYLLUM Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 28. 1816.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 82-96. 1915.
1. Eriophyllum confertiflorum (DC.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 25.
1883.
Bahia confertiflora DC. Prodr. 5: 657. 1836.
Bahia tenuifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 657. 1836.
Bahia trifida Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7: 374. 1841.
Eriophyllum confertiflorum trifidum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 25. 1883.
Eriophyllum confertiflorum laxiflorum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 25. 1883.
Eriophyllum tenuifolium Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 96. 1915.
Eriophyllum crucigerum Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 96. 1915.
Baja California and islands; Sonora. California and Arizona; type from
California.
Frutescent or suffrutescent, up to 60 cm. high, densely white-tomentose on
stem, branches, and involucre; leaves opposite below, alternate above, 0.6 to 3 cm.
long, the blade usually deltoid-ovate in outline, pinnately 3 to several-lobed,
usually green above, tomentose beneath, the segments usually linear and entire,
revolute; heads small, yellow, in small umbelliform cymes or cymose panicles,
subsessile or pedicellate (pedicels sometimes 2 cm. long); phyllaries about 5, firm,
about 4 mm. Jong; rays about 5; achenes pubescent and glandular to nearly gla-
brous, narrowly oblong or obovoid, about 2 mm. long; pappus about 0.8 mm. long,
of several obtuse or acutish, unequal, paleaceous squamellae.
96. CHAENACTIS DC. Prodr. 5: 659. 1836.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 64-74. 1914.
1. Chaenactis parishii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 299. 1885.
' Northern Baja California. Southern California; type from southern border
of California.
Suffrutescent, decumbent and much branched at base, up to 50 cm. high,
white-tomentose, sometimes glabrescent above, stipitate-glandular above beneath
the tomentum, leafy below; leaves alternate, 2 to 5 em. long, the blades oblong-
ovate, pinnatilobate, the lobes 3 to 6 pairs, linear, usually entire; heads solitary
STANDLEY—-TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1605
or few, long-peduncled, discoid, ochroleucous or tinged with purplish, about 1.8
em. high; phyllaries very unequal, linear; achenes nearly linear, densely pu-
bescent, about 7 mm. long; pappus of about 13 linear acutish hyaline paleae
about 5.5 mm. long. :
97. BAHIA Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 30. 1816.
REFERENCE: Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 34-37. 1914.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent, usually cinereous or canescent-pubescent; leaves
opposite, at least below, usually dissected; heads yellow, radiate, solitary at tips
of branches or cymose-panicled; involucre 2 or 3-seriate, subequal, the inner
phyllaries often with scarious colored tips or margins; achenes very slenderly
clavate, substipitate, 4-angled, hirsute below, hirsutulous above; pappus of
about 8 hyaline paleae, in ours rounded and with obscure or evident costa.
Leaves distinctly canescent-tomentose or canescent-pubescent beneath.
Lobes of the leaves very narrow, often again lobed, usually more than 3.
1. B. absinthifolia.
Lobes of the leaves linear-lanceolate to cuneate, usually 3 and entire.
la. B. absinthifolia dealbata.
Leaves green or slightly cinereous beneath.
Pappus paleae suborbicular, nearly as wide as long______~___-_ 2. B. pringlei.
Pappus paleae obovate, much longer than wide____-_------- 3. B. xylopoda.
1. Bahia absinthifolia Benth. Pl. Hartw. 18. 1839.
Coahuila and Durango to Aguascalientes and San Luis Potosf; type from
Aguascalientes. Arizona and Texas.
Suffruticulose, up to 35 em. high, cinereous-strigillose, whiter on the lower
side of the leaves; leaves petioled, 2 to 5 cm. long, pinnatisect, the segments
2.5 mm. wide or less; heads several, pedunculate, about 1.8 em. wide; involucre
about 6 mm. high; achenes 4 mm. long; squamellae obovate, 1.5 mm. long.
la. Bahia absinthifolia dealbata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 121. 1852.
Bahia dealbata A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 99. 1849.
Picradeniopsis dealbata Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 16: 192.
1913.
Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Durango; type from valley between Mapimi
and Guajuquilla, Chihuahua. Texas to Arizona.
Similar, but with less divided leaves with broader segments, these sometimes
pannose-tomentose.
2. Bahia pringlei Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 309. 1897.
Hidalgo; type from Tula.
Suffruticulose, procumbent at base, with slender rootstocks; stem cinerous-
strigillose; leaves 2 to 3.5 em. long, twice or thrice ternately pinnatisect, with
narrowly linear divisions; heads about 2 cm. wide.
3. Bahia xylopoda Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 34: 577. 1899.
Bahia ehrenbergii Schultz Bip.; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 35. 1914.
Hidalgo; type from Pachuca.
Very similar to B. pringlei except for the difference in pappus.
98. LOXOTHYSANUS Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 43. 1907.
Low shrubs; leaves opposite, broad, crenate or repand, slender-petioled;
heads white, discoid; involucre 2-seriate, equal, the phyllaries subherbaceous,
somewhat thin-margined and often with somewhat yellowish tips; achenes as in
Bahia; pappus oblique, of about 8 paleae, the innermost longest, sometimes
aristiform, the others blunt, the outermost shortest.
The following treatment includes all the known species.
1606 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Plants erect or ascending; pappus 1 to 1.8 mm. long.
Heads several or numerous, cymose or cymose-panicled on a common peduncle.
1. L. sinuatus.
Heads few or solitary, on long peduncles____-______--_- 2. L. pedunculatus.
Plants procumbent; pappus usually less than 1 mm. long___-___-_- 3. L. filipes.
1. Loxothysanus sinuatus (Less.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 48: 43. 1907.
Bahia sinuata Less. Linnaea 5: 160. 1830.
Bahia? nepetaefolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 184. 1861.
Tamaulipas, Puebla, and Veracruz; type from Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz.
Low puberulous shrub; petioles 1 to 4.5 em. long; leaf blades broadly ovate or
deltoid-ovate, 2.56 to 8 cm. long and wide, obtuse, coarsely repand or weakly
3-lobed, green above, griseous-puberulous or tomentulose beneath; heads about
7 mm. high, the pedicels 1.5 cm. long or less; longest palea of pappus 1.5 to 1.8
mm. long.
2. Loxothysanus pedunculatus Rydb. N. Amer. FI. 34: 33. 1914.
San Luis Potosi; type from Tamasopo Canyon.
Similar to no. 1; heads less definitely cymose, the peduncles 2.5 to 7 cm. long;
pappus | to 1.2 mm. long.
3. Loxothysanus filipes Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 44. 1907.
Veracruz; type from Zacuapan.
Small and procumbent; leaf blades suborbicular, 1 to 2 em. long, repand-
crenate; heads few; pappus 0.7 to 1.2 mm. long.
99. DYSSODIA Cav. Descr. Pl. 202. 1802.
REFERENCE: Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 160-179. 1915.
Herbs or shrubs, with oil glands; leaves opposite or alternate, entire to dis-
sected; heads radiate or rarely discoid, yellow, rarely orange; involucre of usually
connate and equal, glandular-punctate phyllaries, often with a calyculus at base;
achenes slender; pappus of 5 to 20 paleae, these often aristate-dissected or awned.
Leaves lanceolate to spatulate, serrate or entire, not lobed.
nave Geep orange or brick-red_- ee ee 1. D. oaxacana.
Rays yellow.
Leaves lanceolate or lance-ovate, 1.2 to 2 em. wide_____2. D. serratifolia.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 2 to 8 mm. wide_____-__-_-- 3. D. integrifolia.
Leaves usually pinnatisect, if rarely entire then acerose-filiform.
Involucre conspicuously calyculate by a series of outer phyllaries of different
form or texture from the inner.
Primary divisions of at least the lower leaves lanceolate to ovate.
Leaves opposite essentially throughout.
Lateral lobes of the leaves distinctly stipitate, suborbicular, laciniate.
4. D. speciosa.
Lateral lobes of the leaves subsessile, ovate, serrate__5. D. aurantia.
Leaves‘ chiefly alternates: 2 .2— b53 J vel wie 6. D. porophylloides.
Primary divisions of the leaves linear or essentially so.
Pappus paleae dissected nearly to base into numerous bristles.
Outer phyllaries linear-lanceolate, acuminate; peduncles usually thick-
ened under the heads; principal phyllaries essentially glabrous on
back a ak. f2\. les | elo et el ee See 7. D. tagetiflora.
Outer phyllaries linear-spatulate or oblong, obtuse or acute; peduncles
searcely or not thickened under the heads; principal phyllaries more
or less densely hirsute on back_____-_-_----------- 8. D. pinnata.
Pappus paleae l-aristate from a bifid apex or awnless__10. D. treculii.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1607
Involucre ecalyculate or with very short and minute outermost phyllaries.
Leaves acerose, entire; pappus paleae all dissected into 3 to 5 bristles.
9. D. acerosa.
Leaves pinnatisect; pappus paleae with 1 to 3 awns or awnless.
Plants canescent-tomentose.
Lappucipalese cdistimet 25 222 eo a ee 16. D. setifolia.
Pappus paleae united into a cup____________________- 17. D. greggii.
Plants glabrous to densely puberulous or cinereous-pilosulous.
Involucre densely puberulent or pruinose.
Principal phyllaries united essentially up to the short free tips, the
margins of the outer principal ones not free.
Heads larger; involucre 6 mm. high, 5 to 7 mm. wide.
10. D. treculii.
Heads smaller; involucre 3.5 to 4.5 mm. high, 2 to 5 mm. wide.
11. D. hartwegii.
Principal phyllaries less completely united, the outer ones with
margins free for half their length or more__12. D. pentachaeta.
Involucre glabrous except for the ciliate margins of the phyllaries.
Principal phyllaries united essentially to the short free tips, the
margins of the outer ones not free; accessory phyllaries (forming
Gheccaly Cullis) hCONSpICUGUS= 25 == === === =e 10. D. treculii.
Principal phyllaries less completely united, the outer with margins
free for half their length or more.
Pappus paleae all split into 3 to 5 awns._____- 15. D. aurantiaca.
Pappus paleae 1-awned or awnless.
Outer pappus paleae obtuse or acute, not qristate.
13. D. berlandieri.
Pappus paléaeall*aristate®.22 222922. ee 222 14. D. thurberi.
1. Dyssodia oaxacana Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 273. 1907.
Gymnolaena oaxacana Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 160. 1915.
Oaxaca; type from Almoloyas.
Shrub 1.3 to 2 meters high, slightly pubescent; leaves opposite, the blades
elliptic-ovate, 1 to 4 cm. long, 4 to 11 mm. wide, acute, serrate, narrowed to a
short petioliform base; heads solitary or few, about 1.8 cm. high; involucre
about 1.4 em. high, the phyllaries united nearly to apex; pappus paleae dissected
into numerous bristles.
2. Dyssodia serratifolia DC. Prodr. 5: 641. 1836.
Hymenatherum serratifolium Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 221. 1881.
Dyssodia sessilifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 37. 1883.
Gymnolaena serratifolia Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 161. 1915.
Oaxaca; type from Atitla.
Shrubby, essentially glabrous; leaves chiefly opposite, the blades 5 to 8 cm.
long, acute, serrate, densely glandular-punctate; heads cymose, about 1.3 cm.
wide; involucre 1 em. high.
8. Dyssodia integrifolia A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 37. 1883.
Gymnolaena integrifolia Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 161. 1915.
Puebla to Chiapas; type from Chiapas.
» Similar to D. serratifolia; leaf blades 2.2 to 5 cm. long, acuminate, serrulate;
heads mostly solitary; involucre 1.3 to 1.7 cm. high.
4. Dyssodia speciosa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 5: 163. 1861.
Lebetina speciosa A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 47: 435. 1909.
Clomenocoma speciosa Rydb. N. Amer. FI. 34: 165. 1915.
Southern Baja California; type from Cape San Lucas.
1608 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Glabrous, weak shrub; leaves petioled, 2 to 4 em. long, divided into 3 or 5
segments; heads solitary, long-peduncled, about 4.5 em. wide; involucre broad,
about 1.5 em. high, with a ealyculus of numerous filiform-subulate phyllaries half
as long; pappus paleae dissected into numerous bristles.
5. Dyssodia aurantia (L.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 507. 1913.
Aster aurantius L. Sp. Pl. 877. 1753.
Dyssodia appendiculata Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29. 1816.
Clomenocoma aurantia Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 9: 416. 1817.
Clappia aurantiaca Benth. in Hook. Icon. Pl. 12: 3. pl. 1104. 1872.
Guerrero, Veracruz, and Oaxaca; type from Veracruz.
Shrub, essentially glabrous; leaves petioled, 2 to 5.5 em. long, pinnatisect into
3 or 5 segments, the lateral sessile or short-stipitate, the terminal slender-stiped;
involucre about 1.2 em. high.
6. Dyssodia porophylloides A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 5: 322. 1854. |
Lebetina porophylloides A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 47: 435. 1909.
Clomenocoma porophylloides Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 166. 1915.
Northern Baja California; Sonora. Arizona and southern California; type from
San Felipe, California.
Suffrutescent, 0.3 to 1 meter high, glabrous; leaves short-petioled, 3 em. long
or less, deeply cut into 3 or 5 linear to lanceolate or cuneate lobes, these entire or
toothed; heads solitary, long-peduncled; involucre about 12 mm. high.
7. Dyssodia tagetiflora Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29. 1816.
Boebera fastigiata H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 198. 1820.
Boebera tagetiflora Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 545. 1826.
Jalisco to Veracrug% and Oaxaca; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous, up to 90 ecm. high, sparsely pubescent; leaves 2 to
4 cm. long, pinnatisect, the segments 3 to 13, linear or linear-oblanceolate, serrate,
the lower ones smaller; heads terminating the branches, about 1.8 cm. wide,
yellow, long-peduncled; involucre about 8 mm. high; pappus paleae dissected into
numerous unequal bristles, the central one longest.
8. Dyssodia pinnata (Cav.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 508. 1913.
Aster pinnatus Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 6. pl. 212. 1795.
Dyssodia pubescens Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29. 1816.
Dyssodia subintegerrima Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 29. 1816.
Boebera pubescens Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 544. 1826.
Boebera subintegerrima Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 545. 1826.
Rosilla lutea Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. 245. 1832.
Boebera incana Lindl. Bot. Reg. 19: pl. 1602. 1833.
Dyssodia incana DC. Prodr. 5: 640. 1836.
Clomenocoma pinnata DC. Prodr. 5: 641. 1836.
Dyssodia integerrima Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 219. 1881, as synonym.
Boebera pinnata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 168. 1915.
Coahuila to Tamaulipas, south to Puebla and Veracruz.
Suffrutescent or herbaceous, 35 cm. high or less, pubescent; leaves 2 to 4 cm.
long, pinnatisect, the segments usually 5 or 7, linear or narrowly linear-oblance-
olate, entire or few-toothed; heads terminating branches, 2 to 2.8 cm. wide, yellow;
involucre about 8 mm. high; pappus as in D. tagetiflora.
9. Dyssodia acerosa DC. Prodr. 5: 641. 1836.
Aciphyliaea acerosa A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 91. 1849.
Hymenatherum acerosum A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 115. 1852.
Dyssodia fusca A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 47: 436. 1909.
Sonora to Coahuila, south to Zacatecas, Hidalgo, and San Luis Potosi; type
from San Luis Potosi. Texas to. Arizona and Nevada.
©
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS CF MEXICO 1609
Suffruticose, much branched, 20 em. high or less, the branches finely hirtellous;
leaves opposite at least below, acerose-filiform, 1 to 2 em. long, 0.5 mm. wide or
less, often with fascicles in their axils; heads solitary, subsessile, yellow, about
1.3 cm. wide; involucre about 6 mm. high, dotted with numerous glands; pappus
paleae dissected into 3 to 7 bristles. “Hierba de San Nicolds”’ (Zacatecas) ;
“‘contrayerba.”’
10. Dyssodia treculii (A. Gray) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 508. 1913.
Hymenatherwm treculii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 42. 1883.
Thymophylla treculii Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 1295. 1903.
Coahuila. Texas; type from southeastern Texas.
Suffruticulose (?), branched, about 20 em. high, glabrous or finely pruinose;
leaves opposite below, 1 to 2 em. long, pinnatisect, the lobes 3 to 6 pairs, linear-
filiform, setose-tipped; heads campanulate, 1.3 to 1.7 em. wide; calyculus evident,
of lanceolate acuminate phyllaries; pappus of 5 short outer paleae and 5 bifid,
aristate-tipped, much longer inner paleae.
11. Dyssodia hartwegi (A. Gray) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 507. 1913.
Hymenatherum hartwegi A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 117. 1852.
Tagetes aristata Klatt, Leopoldina 25: 109. 1889.
Thymophylla hartwegi Woot. & Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 16: 191. 1913.
Thymophylla pringlei Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 177. 1915.
Chihuahua to Aguascalientes and San Luis Potosi; type from Aguascalientes.
Arizona and New Mexico.
Similar to D. treculii; plant distinctly suffruticulose; heads smaller, 0.8 to
1.2 cm. wide.
12. Dyssodia pentachaeta (DC.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 507
1913.
Hymenatherum pentachaetum DC. Prodr. 5: 642. 1836.
Thymophylla puberula Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 177. 1915.
Thymophylla canescens Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 84: 178. 1915.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén, south to Hidalgo and San Luis Potos{f; type from
Monterrey, Nuevo Leén. Texas to Arizona.
Suffruticulose, 8 to 25 em. high, the numerous branches usually procumbent
at base, puberulous to cinereous-pilosulous; leaves crowded, chiefly opposite,
5 to-25 mm. long, pinnatisect with linear-filiform, setose-tipped divisions; heads
campanulate-subglobose, long-peduncled, 1.5 to 2.2 em. wide; involucre 5 to
6 mm. high, densely puberulent or pilosulous. ‘‘Parralefa,’’ “limoncillo”’
(Coahuila).
The cinereous form, 7’. canescens, is not specifically distinguishable.
13. Dyssopia berlandieri (DC.) Blake.
Hymenatherum berlandiert DC. Prodr. 5: 642. 1836.
Thymophylla gracilis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 176. 1915.
Thymophylla berlandiert Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 177. 1915.
Thymophylla villosula Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 177. 1915.
Coahuila, Tamaulipas, and Nuevo Leén; type collected between Santander
and Victoria, Tamaulipas. Texas.
Very similar to D. pentachaeta except for the involucre, which is glabrous except
for the conspicuously ciliate margins of the phyliaries. This species also has a
cinereous-pubescent form (7. villosula), which can not be separated specifically.
“Manzanilla amarilla.”’
14. Dyssodia thurberi (A. Gray) A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 47: 436. 1909.
Hymenatherum thurberi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 41. 1883.
Dyssodia cupulata A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 47: 435. 1909.
Thymophylla thurberi Woot. & Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 16: 191. 1913.
1610 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Coahuila and Durango; type from Chihuahua. Texas to New Mexico and
Nevada.
Similar to D. pentachaeta, and distinguished chiefly by the difference in pappus.
15. Dyssodia aurantiaca (T. S. Brandeg.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49:
507. 1913.
Hymenatherum aurantiacum T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 258. 1908.
Thymophylla aurantiaca Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 175. 1915.
Puebla; type from Cerro de Santa Lucfa.
Suffruticulose, ascending, 10 to 20 cm. high, glabrous; leaves chiefly alternate,
1.5 to 3 em. long, pinnatisect with soft, linear-filiform, merely cuspidulate
divisions; heads 1.8 em. wide; free portions of phyllaries ciliolate; pappus paleae
all split into 3 to 5 awns.
16. Dyssodia setifolia (Lag.) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 508. 1913.
Thymophylla setifolia Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 25. 1816.
Hymenatherum setifolium A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 42. 1883.
Hymenatherum setifolium radiatum T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4:
279. 1912.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén, south to Querétaro; type from Mexico, without
definite locality.
Suffruticulose, much branched, 7 to 20 em. high, canescent-tomentose; leaves
pinnatisect, with 3 to 7 lobes, rather soft, about 1.5 cm. long; heads small, discoid
or rarely radiate; phyllaries with rather long triangular-subulate tips; pappus
of 5 to 10 free paleae, all short and blunt or the inner sometimes aristate. ‘‘ Par-
ralena.”’
17. Dyssodia greggii (A. Gray) Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 507. 1913.
Thymophylla greggii A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 92. 1849.
Thymophylla greggii radiata A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 119. 1852.
Hymenatherum greggii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 42. 1883.
Coahuila; type from Buena Vista. Texas and New Mexico.
Similar to D. setifolia; leaves mostly trifid; heads usually radiate; pappus paleae
completely connate.
100. POROPHYLLUM Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 122. 1763.
REFERENCES: Robinson & Greenman, A provisional key to the species of
Porophyllum ranging north of the Isthmus of Panama, Proc. Amer. Acad. 32:
31-33. 1896; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 181-193. 1916.
Shrubs or herbs, often glaucous, glabrous; leaves opposite or alternate, entire,
sinuate, or rarely toothed, glandular-punctate on margin or apex and sometimes
on surface; heads discoid, yellow, whitish, or purple; involucre of few equal, nearly
1-seriate, firm phyllaries, usually glandular-punctate; achenes slender; pappus of
numerous bristles.
Leaves oval to elliptic, rarely lance-ovate, on distinct slender petioles.
Heads more or less distinctly nodding, several or numerous and racemosely
eymose or cymose-panicled at tips of branches; flowers greenish.
Leaves thick,. veiny, beneath: ._.. - + s..+ sep = 1. P. viridiflorum.
Leaves thin, notwelly st: els -2) ee) he 2. P. nutans.
Heads not nodding, cymose at tips of branches or solitary.
Corolas purgie aboves< on. oie 42. aoe 1S ee 3. P. nelsonii.
Corollas greenish or ochroleucous.
Heads solitary in the forks of the stem and at apex of branches, rarely
Dalned a2 2 ae ais ee Sa el gee ee 4. P. jorullense.
Heads cymose. ,
Leaves lanceolate or lance-ovate, acute or acuminate; phyllaries acu-
MON AAC Shen ae el, ae a ee ee 5. P. palmeri.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1611
Leaves oval to elliptic or oblong, usually obtuse or rounded.
Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong
Leaves oval or elliptic.
Phy llaries acuminate.2 2. = 2800s boven 7. P. ervendbergii
Phyllaries obtuse to acute___________________ 8. :P: punctatum.
Leaves linear-filiform to lanceolate or rarely oblanceolate or ovate-lanceolate.
sessile or sometimes gradually narrowed at base into a short, usually ae
gined petiole.
P2282 SBA Sey: 6. P. oblongum.
Peawests Or o-dentate: 24 tes oe ate ee eS 25. P. tridentatum
Leaves entire.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, semiamplexicaul, fleshy ____21. P. amplexicaule.
Leaves not amplexicaul.
Leaves oblanceolate or linear-lanceolate to linear, usually over 2 mm.
wide, not terete.
Involucre green; heads short-peduncled, in close cymes.
Corollas whitish.
Lower leaves lanceolate:..... -4-2-=..+ 2.55 9. P. brachypodum.
Leaves narrowly lance-linear______________ 10. P. pausodynum.
Corollas ochroleucous.
Heads 5 to 7-flowered; leaves narrowly linear__11. P. confertum.
Heads about 15-flowered; leaves linear-oblanceolate.
12. P. ochroleucum.
Involucre purple.
Plants diffuse; heads nodding-2 10-2252 22 2*™ 13. P. cedrense.
Plants erect; heads very rarely nodding.
Corollas ochroleucous 2023 22st 14. P. obtusifolium.
Corollas purplish.
“Leaves lindarcnit ison! ~2 Piet it nie © Sid ae 15. P. linaria.
Leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate.
16. P. seemannii.
Leaves linear-filiform or narrowly linear, rarely narrowly linear-elliptic,
usually terete and less than 2 mm. wide, more or less fleshy.
Corpllasppiirples): 4 2 ooo leet ee a8 8 et se 17. P. porfyreum.
Corollas greenish yellow, ochroleucous, or whitish.
Phyllaries broadly oblong-oval or obovate.
Leaves filiform, 2 to 4 cm. long; involucre 1 to 1.2 em. high.
23. P. greggii.
Leaves linear to elliptic, 2 em. long or less; involucre 6 to 8 mm.
pipe 2 kits ee ek ee era 24. P. crassifolium.
Phyllaries linear or linear-oblong.
Leaves very fleshy, about 2 mm. wide; plant very glaucous.
20. P. maritimum.
Leaves scarcely fleshy, 1 mm. wide or less; plants usually not
glaucous.
Achenes long-tapering at apex, about 8 mm. long.
18. P. gracile.
Achenes not distinctly tapering at apex, 4 to 6 mm. long.
Tube of the corollas longer than the throat.
19. P. pinifolium.
Tube of the corollas much shorter than the throat.
22. P. scoparium.
1. Porophyllum viridiflorum (H. B. K.) DC. Prodr. 5: 648. 1836.
Kleinia viridiflora H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 157. 1820.
Porophyllum lindenii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 308. 1856.
1612 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Tepic to Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Valladolid (Morelia), Michoacan.
Shrub up to 1.5 meters high; leaves chiefly alternate, the blades oval, 1.5 to
4.5 em. long, 1 to 3.5 em. wide, pale green, marginate; heads 1.4 to 2 cm. long;
phyllaries with a median row of glands.
2. Porophyllum nutans Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 31. 1896-
Porophyllum holwayanum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 48. 1904.
Jalisco to Oaxaca; type from Lake Chapala, Michoacan.
Shrubby, 1 to 2 meters high; leaf blades oval or oblong-elliptic, 2 to 5 em.
long, scarcely marginate, glandular along the margin; phyllaries with 2 rows of
linear glands.
3. Porophyllum nelsonii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 32. 1896-
Oaxaca; type collected between Panixtlahuaca and Jaquila.
Shrubby, 0.3 to 0.6 meter high; leaf blades elliptic or oblong, 1 to 1.8 cm. long,
4 to 6 mm. wide, obtuse, thickish, with few glands; heads numerous, solitary in
forks of stem and at tips of branchlets, about 1.5 em. high; involucre purplish
above; phyllaries with 2 rows of linear glands.
4. Porophyllum jorullense (H. B. K.) Cass. Dict. Sci. Nat. 43: 57. 1826.
Kleinia jorullensis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 156. pl. 356. 1820.
Sinaloa to Jalisco; type from Volecdn de Jorullo.
Shrubby; leaf blades oval, 1 to 2.5 ecm. long, obtuse or rounded; heads 1.3 to
1.5 em. high, on peduncles 2 to 4.5 em. long; phyllaries with 2 rows of linear glands.
5. Porophyllum palmeri Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 1: 338. pl. 34. 1895.
Known only from the type locality, Colima.
Shrub; leaves opposite, the blades 1 to 4 cm. long; heads loosely cymose, about
15 mm. high; phyllaries with 2 rows of glands.
6. Porophyllum oblongum Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 186. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Culiacdn, Sinaloa.
Shrub; leaf blades 2 to 4 em. long, 0.5 to 1.5 em. wide, obtuse or rounded,
glandular on the repand-sinuate margin and usually on surface; heads cymose,
about 1.6 em. high; phyllaries with about 3 rows of glands.
7. Porophyllum ervendbergii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 35. 1883.
Definitely known only fom the type locality, Wartenberg, Veracruz.
Shrub; leaves opposite, the blades elliptic, 2 to 3 cm. long, obtuse, sinuate,
glandular on margin and surface; involucre 11 to 12 mm. high, the phyllaries
punctate in 2 rows. (Description compiled.)
8. Porophyllum punctatum (Mill.) Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 52:
58. 1917.
Eupatorium punctatum Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Eupatorium no. 11. 1768.
Porophyllum nummularium DC. Prodr. 5: 649. 1836.
Eupatorium milleri Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 608. 1840.
Porophyllum millspaughii Robinson in Millsp. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 109. 1900-
Porophyllum divaricatum Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 186. 1916.
Sinaloa to Veracruz, Yucatan, and Oaxaca; type from Veracruz. Guatemala.
Shrubby, up to 2.6 meters high; leaves opposite, the blades oblong or sometimes:
elliptic, 1 to 3.5 em. long, obtuse or rounded, rarely acute, crenate, glandular on
margin and usually also on surface; heads cymose, 1.3 to 1.8 em. high; phyllaries
with 2 rows of linear glands. ‘‘Hierba del venado,”’ “‘pioja,’”’ ‘‘piojillo”’ (Sinaloa) ;
“xpechuekil’”’ (Yucatan, Maya).
9. Porophyllum brachypodum Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 35: 341. 1900.
Known only from the type locality, Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrubby; leaves alternate, short-petioled, the blades thick, those of the main
leaves lanceolate, 3 to 4 em. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, the others mostly linear;
heads densely cymose, about 1.5 em..-high; peduncles 5 to 8 mm. long.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1613
10. Porophyllum pausodynum Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32:
32. 1896.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Guaymas, Sonora.
Shrubby; leaves opposite below, alternate above, short-petioled, the blades
2.5 to 5.5 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, acutish, with intramarginal glands; heads
short-peduncled, 1.5 to 1.8 em. high, in close cymes; phyllaries oblong, obtuse,
with 2 to 4 rows of glands; achenes not tapering at apex. ‘ Maravilla.”
The plant is used as a remedy for headache.
11. Porophyllum confertum Greene, Leaflets 2: 155. 1911.
Known only from the type locality, Ceralvo Island, Gulf of California.
Suffrutescent, erect; leaves mostly alternate, subsessile, the blades linear, 4 to
6 cm. long, less than 2 mm. wide; heads 1.3 em. high; achenes tapering at apex.
12. Porophyllum ochroleucum Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 189. 1916.
Porophyllum confertum ochroleucum I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12:
1209. 1924.
Known only from the type locality, Saucito, Baja California.
Shrubby, 0.5 meter high or more; leaves short-petioled, the blades narrowly
oblanceolate, 3 to 5 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide; heads densely cymose; phyllaries
linear. (Description compiled.)
18. Porophyllum cedrense Rose & Standl.; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 189. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Cedros Island, Baja California.
Diffusely branched shrub, under 0.5 meter high; leaves alternate, sessile, the
blades oblong, 1 to 2 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, obtuse; heads usually solitary,
1.5 cm. high; phyllaries oblong.
14. Porophyllum obtusifolium DC. Prodr. 5: 650. 1836.
Jalisco, Guanajuato, and Mexico; type from Villalpando.
Suffruticose, about 0.5 meter high; leaves short-petioled, the blades oblanceo-
late or oblanceolate-linear, 2 to 4 cm. long, 2 to 8 mm. wide, mostly obtuse;
heads about 13 mm. high, cymose-panicled; involucre dark purplish; achenes
not tapering at apex. ‘‘Hierba del venado”’ (Guanajuato).
15. Porophyllum linaria (Cav.) DC. Prodr. 5: 649. 1836.
Cacalia linaria Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 29. pl. 257. 1795.
Hunteria columbina Moc. & Sessé; DC. Prodr. 5: 649. 1836, as synonym.
Porophyllum linarifolium St. Lag. Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 132. 1880.
Coahuila to State of Mexico; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Similar to P. obtusifolium; leaves narrowly linear, 1 to 2 mm. wide; flowers
purple.
16. Porophyllum seemannii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 308.
1856.
Sinaloa and Chihuahua to Jalisco; type from the Sierra Madre of northwestern
Mexico.
Shrub; leaves opposite below, alternate above, short-petioled, the blades 2 to
5 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide; heads 12mm. high. “ Hierba del venado” (Sinaloa) ;
“maravilla’”’ (Sonora).
Used as a remedy for malaria.
17. Porophyllum porfyreum Rose & Standl.; Rydb. N. Amer. F]. 34: 191.
1916.
Known only from the type locality, San José del Cabo, Baja California.
Shrubby, very slender; leaves linear-filiform, 3 to 7 cm. long, 1 mm. wide or
less; heads mostly solitary, 1.2 to 1.7 cm. high; involuere glaucous, purplish
above.
1614 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
18. Porophyllum gracile Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 29. 1844.
Porophyllum caesium Greene, Leaflets 2: 155. 1911.
Baja California and islands; Sonora; type from Magdalena Bay, Baja Cali-
fornia. Southern California.
Shrubby, much branched, sometimes glaucous; leaves linear or linear-filiform,
1 to 5.5 em. long, 1.5 mm. wide or less; heads loosely cymose-panicled, 1.3 to
1.5 mm. high; phyllaries 2 mm. wide or Jess. ‘‘Hierba del venado”’ (Baja
California).
The bitter decoction of the leaves is administered for intestinal] affections.
19. Porophyllum pinifolium Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 192. 1916.
Sonora and Cape region of Baja California; type from Alamos, Sonora.
Low much-branched shrub; leaves linear-filiform, 2 to 4 cm. long, about 0.5
mm. wide; heads solitary; involucre light green; corollas cream-colored, purple-
streaked.
20. Porophyllum maritimum T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 162. 1903.
Southern Baja California; type collected between Cape San Lucas and San
José del Cabo.
Low, shrubby, strongly glaucous; leaves thick, 2 to 3.8 em. long, about 2
mm. wide; involucre strongly glaucous, 11 mm. high; achenes tapering above,
about 8 mm. long.
21. Porophyllum amplexicaule Engelm.; A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 120. 1852.
Coahuila; type from Mesillas.
Suffruticose, glaucous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 3 cm. long, about 8 mm.
wide at base, semiamplexicaul, fleshy; heads solitary; flowers yellow. (De-
scription compiled.)
22. Porophyllum scoparium A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 119. 1852.
Porophyllum fruticulosum Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 193. 1916.
Chihuahua and Coahuila. Texas and New Mexico; type from San Pedro
River, Texas. ;
Shrubby, up to 60 em. high, much branched, somewhat glaucous; leaves
filiform or linear-filiform, 1 to 5.38 em. long, 1 mm. wide or less; heads solitary
at tips of branchlets, about 1.3 em. high; phyllaries 2 mm. wide or less. ‘‘ Hierba
del venado”’ (Coahuila); ‘‘jarilla;”’ ‘‘romerillo”’ (Coahuila).
The plant is employed locally as a remedy for fevers, rheumatism, and affections
of the stomach and intestines.
23. Porophyllum greggii A. Gray, Pl. Wright. 1: 120. 1852.
Coahuila; type from Parras. Texas.
Suffruticose, 20 to 30 em. high; heads solitary at tips of branches; phyllaries
elliptic or obovate-oblong; achenes 5 mm. long, not tapering above. (Descrip-
tion compiled.)
24. Porophyllum crassifolium S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 57. 1889.
Porophyllum leptophyllum I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1210.
1924.
Porophyllum tridentatum crassifolium I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV.’
12: 1211. 1924.
Baja California and islands; type from Mulejé.
Low, shrubby, much branched; leaves linear to elliptic, 5 to 20 mm. long,
0.8 to 3 mm. wide, sessile, cuspidate; heads solitary at tips of branches and
_ branchlets, 9 to 13 mm. high; phyllaries round-tipped or obtuse, 2.5 to 4.5 mm.
wide.
25. Porophyllum tridentatum Benth. Bot. Voy. Sulph. 30. 1844.
Baja California; type from Magdalena Bay.
Similar to P. crassifolium; leaves coarsely 3 or 5-toothed, the teeth usually
cuspidate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1615
101. CHRYSACTINIA A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 93. 1849.
REFERENCES: Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 524-525. 1916; Rydberg, N.
Amer. Fl. 34: 180-181. 1915-16.
_Low, nearly or quite glabrous shrubs; leaves opposite or alternate, entire or
pinnatilobate, glandular-punctate; heads solitary, radiate, yellow or orange;
involucre of 8 to 12 free Jinear phyllaries, each with a terminal oil gland; achenes
slender; pappus of numerous bristles.
The following treatment includes all the known species.
Leaves entire.
Leaves subulate, 0.7 to 1.2 mm. wide; phyllaries i222 pe. 1. C. mexicana.
Leaves filiform-subulate, 0.25 mm. wide; phy llaniesee== == 2. C. acerosa.
Leaves pinnatilobate.
seewmanes. Osho) ly, acute: 2. 2 ee EN ed ls 3. C. pinnata.
Pemopesis 10) Ul) truncate... 2°! sk oy Ae 4. C. truncata.
1. Chrysactinia mexicana A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 93. 1849.
Pectis taxifolia Greene, Leaflets 1: 148. 1905.
Chihuahua to Tamaulipas, south to Veracruz and State of Mexico; type from
Saltillo, Coahuila. Texas and New Mexico.
Undershrub, much branched, up to 60 em. high; leaves 4.5 to 15 mm. long,
spinulose-tipped, bearing numerous glands; heads golden yellow, about 2 em.
wide; involucre 4to5mm. high. ‘Calanca”’ (Veracruz); ‘‘yeyepaxtle” (Puebla) ;
“San Nicolas,” ‘‘hierba de San Nicolés” (Coahuila, Durango, San Luis Potosi);
“damiana,” ‘‘damianita’”’ (Chihuahua, Durango, Texas, etc.); “mariola”’
(Valley of Mexico); “falsa damiana;’’ “garafiona;’” ‘romerillo” (Coahuila,
Hidalgo) ; said to be known sometimes as ‘“‘guayule.”
The plant is bitter and has a strong but rather agreeable odor. It is much
used in domestic medicine, aphrodisiac, antispasmodic, sudorific, and diuretic
properties being ascribed to it. It is used especially in the treatment of fevers
and rheumatism.
2. Chrysactinia acerosa Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 525. 1916.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Guaseama, Minas de San Rafael,
San Luis Potosi.
About 30 em. high; leaves with few small glands; involucre 3.5 mm. high.
3. Chrysactinia pinnata 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 154. 1890.
Known only from the type locality, near Monterrey, Nuevo Leén.
Leaves opposite, oblong in outline, 2.5 to 5 em. long, 1.2 to 1.9 cm. wide, the
lobes obliquely deltoid, acute, entire; rays whitish inside, orange outside; disk
orange.
4. Chrysactinia truncata 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 154. 1890.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén; type from Sierra de la Silla, Nuevo Leén.
Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong in outline, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 8 to 12 mm. wide,
the lobes usually toothed; heads 2 to 3 em. wide; rays bright yellow. “Hierba
del venado”’ (Coahuila).
102. PECTIS L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1221. 1759.
Rererences: Fernald, A systematie study of the United States and Mexican
species of Pectis, Proc. Amer. Acad. 33: 57-86. 1897; Rydberg, N. Amer. Fl.
34: 194-216. 1916.
Herbaceous or suffruticulose; leaves opposite, glandular-punctate, usually
entire, setose-ciliate; heads usually solitary, radiate, yellow; involucre of few
equal phyllaries; achenes slender; pappus (in ours) of 4 to 40 bristles, or these
sometimes reduced to squamellae, or (in the ray) wanting.
57020—26——_20
1616 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Involucre 4 to 6 mm. high, the phyllaries acute or acuminate; leaves mostly
erections: 231226 Ber bias s Se ad oe} Seek 2 eo ee 1. P. diffusa.
Involucre usually 5 to 8 mm. high, the phyllaries rounded or obtuse, rarely
acutish; leaves wide-spreading.
Phyllaries broadly oval, 3 to 5 mm. wide, with strongly overlapping margins.
2. P. latisquama.
Phyllaries linear to oblong, 2.5 mm. wide or less.
Leaves obovate-oblong, 4 to 10 mm. wide_____-_-_----- 3. P. liebmannii.
Leaves linear or lance-linear, 1 to 4 mm. wide.
It AETIE De TO DURCRI ea a ee 4. P. saturejaoides.
IBTARCHES PIADTOUSs =. 2 == 2 ae ee en ae ee 5. P. stenophylla.
1. Pectis diffusa Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 296. 1840.
Jalisco and Colima; type from Jalisco.
Suffruticulose, spreading or erectish, 25 em. long or less; leaves linear, 2 to
4 cm. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide, setose-ciliate mostly below the middle; heads solitary
in the upper axils, slender-peduncled, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide; involucre slender;
pappus of 4 to 20 unequal bristles.
2. Pectis latisquama Schultz Bip.; Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 118. 1903.
Puebla and State of Mexico; type from Valley of Mexico.
Suffruticulose, depressed ; branches puberulous; leaves linear-lanceolate, 1 to
2 em. long; heads short-peduncled, 1.5 em. wide; phyllaries very broad, blunt,
ciliate at apex, purplish; rays yellow or purplish-tinged; pappus of ray and disk
of numerous bristles.
3. Pectis liebmannii Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 226.
1881.
Jalisco; type from San Agustin.
Suffruticose, procumbent, 20 to 30 cm. long, canescent-tomentose or lanate;
leaves 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, with several long basal setae; peduncles very short;
ray achenes epappose; disk achenes with a pappus of 20 to 30 unequal bristles.
(Description compiled.)
4. Pectis saturejaoides (Mill.) Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 309.
1856, as P. satureioides.
Inula saturejaoides Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Inula no. 13. 1768.
Pectis canescens H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 263. 1820.
Lorentea auricularis DC. Prodr. 5: 102. 1836.
Pectis auricularis Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 309. 1856.
Pectis canescens villosior Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 20: 52. 1895.
Pectis repens T. 8. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 241. 1906.
Sinaloa to San Luis Potosi, south to Chiapas; type from Veracruz. Guatemala
to Nicaragua.
Suffruticulose, erectish or prostrate; leaves 1 to 2 cm. long; heads 1.5 to 2.2 cm.
wide, the rays yellow or purplish-tinged; pappus very variable in the ray, of about
20 or fewer bristles (2 or 3 sometimes thickened and awnlike), or of squamellae,
or wanting, in the disk of about 20 slender bristles.
5. Pectis stenophylla A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21: 393. 1886.
Sonora and Chihuahua; type from Batopilas, Chihuahua.
Suffruticose below, diffusely branched; leaves 3 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide,
bristly toward base; peduncles filiform, 3 to 6 cm. long; pappus of ray achenes of
2 slender bristles, of the disk achenes of 20 to 40 slender, unequal bristles.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1617
103. ARTEMISIA L. Sp. Pl. 845. 1753.
REFERENCE: Ryppere, N. Amer. Fl. 34: 244-285. 1916.
Herbs or shrubs, usually bitter-aromatic; leaves alternate ; heads small, panicled
(in ours), nodding, discoid or disciform, the marginal flowers sometimes pistillate;
involucre of few-seriate, more or less scarious-margined phyllaries; receptacle
glabrous or pubescent; achenes small, thickish } pappus wanting or rarely a low
squamellaceous crown.
Leaves narrowly cuneate, 3-toothed at apex_________________ 1. A. tridentata.
Leaves entire and filiform, or pinnately parted into filiform lobes.
Heads minute, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; involucre densely canescent-tomentose.
2. A. filifolia.
Heads larger, 3 to 4 mm. wide; involucre not canescent-tomentose.
3. A. californica.
1. Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7: 398. 1841.
Baja California. Western United States; type from the Columbia River.
Shrub up to 5 meters high, densely silky-pubescent, very leafy; leaves sessile,
1 to 3 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide; heads 3 to 4 mm. high, in dense leafy panicles;
pappus none.
In some parts of the United States this species is abundant, and is known as
sagebrush. It has a bitter flavor and a characteristic odor. The Coahuilla
Indians of California ground the seeds into a meal which was made into pinole.
The plant is used for various purposes in domestic medicine.
2. Artemisia filifolia Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 211. 1828.
Chihuahua. Nebraska and Wyoming to Texas and Nevada; type locality not
stated.
Shrub up to 1 meter high, very leafy, cinereous-puberulous; leaves filiform or
3-parted into filiform lobes, 1.5 to 8 em. long, about 0.2 mm: wide; heads yellow,
in long dense leafy panicles; pappus none. ‘“ Estafiate,” “‘istafiate.”
A decoction of the leaves is employed in domestic medicine as a remedy for
intestinal worms and affections of the stomach.
3. Artemisia californica Less. Linnaea 6: 523. 1831.
Artemisia fischeriana Besser, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Nat. Moscou 3: 21. 1834.
Artemisia abrotanoides Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7: 399. 1841.
Crossostephium californicum Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 34: 243. 1916.
Northern Baja California and Guadalupe Island (according to Brandegee and
H. M. Hall). California; type from California.
Shrub 1 to 3 meters high, canescent-strigillose, sometimes greenish; leaves
about 4.5 em. long, pinnately divided into few filiform lobes, or the upper entire;
heads in long narrow leafy panicles; pappus a minute squamellate crown.
104. LIABUM Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 131. 1763.
REFERENCE: Greenman, Key to the Mexican species of Liabum, Proc. Amer.
Acad. 32: 293-294. 1897.
Shrubs or herbs; leaves opposite, rarely ternate, usually ovate, petioled, and
canescent-tomentose beneath; heads radiate or discoid, yellow, usually small
and panicled; involucre graduate, usually about 4-seriate; receptacle sometimes
bristly; achenes short, subterete; pappus usually of an inner series of slender
bristles and a short outer series of squamelae, or the latter wanting.
Heads discoid.
Phyllaries obtuse.
Leaves green and glabrous beneath_--_-_------------------ 1. L. glabrum.
Leaves white-tomentose beneath -_-----~---- la. L. glabrum hypoleucum.
1618 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Phyllaries acute or acuminate.
Involucre 1.2 to 1.8 em. high.
Petioles about 4 mm. long; involucre about 7-seriate_____ 5. L. pringlei.
Petioles about 2 cm. long; involucre about 4-seriate________ 6. L. klattii.
Involucre much shorter.
Pity lernicn alk onipparcent <4 25 =i. 5 = ee ee 2. L. sericolepis.
Phyllaries not silky-pubescent.
Phyllaries glandular-hispidulous; pedicels stipitate-glandular.
3. L. adenotrichum.
Phyllaries not glandular-hispidulous; pedicels not stipitate-glandular.
4. L. caducifolium
Heads radiate.
Heads few, large, the involucre 2 to 4 cm. thick__________- 7. L. andrieuxii.
Heads numerous, much smaller, the involucre less than 1 em. thick.
Phyllaries attenuate; petioles wing-margined throughout__8. L. bourgeaui.
Phyllaries obtuse; petioles margined only at apex if at all.
Achenes densely hispidulous.
Involucre about 6 mm. high________ =o eg bea 9. L. andromachioides.
Involueve about! 21 sim; bigeye 10. L. deppeanum.
Achenes glabrous or hispidulous only at apex.
Involucre about 4-seriate; pedicels 1 to 1.5 em. long__11. L. discolor.
Involucre 2-seriate; pedicels 2.5 to 5 em. long____--- 12. L. platylepis.
1. Liabum glabrum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 232. 1881.
Known only from the vicinity of the type locality, Iturbide, near Cuernavaca,
Morelos.
Shrub, up to 6.5 meters high; branches glabrous or early glabrate; leaves
slender-petioled, the blades rhombic-ovate or lance-ovate, 9 to 15 cm. long, 3
to 4 cm. wide, acuminate, serrulate, cuneate at base, green above, thinly arach-
noid and quickly glabrate beneath; heads numerous, thyrsoid-panicled; involucre
about 8 mm. high; achenes sparsely glandular.
la. Liabum glabrum hypoleucum Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 294. 1897,
Jalisco and Morelos; Oaxaca (?); type from Guadalajara, Jalisco. Guatemala
and El Salvador.
Leaves permanently arachnoid-tomentose beneath; achenes often glabrous.
“Palo de agua” (Oaxaca); ‘‘espinillo,’’ ‘‘palo de San Nicolds,” ‘‘papelillo”’
(El Salvador).
2. Liabum sericolepis Hems]. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 232. 1881.
Known only from the type locality, Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz.
Shrub, scandent (?); branches glabrescent; leaf blades ovate-oblong, 5 to 7.5
cm. Jong, green above, white-tomentose beneath; heads numerous, densely
cymose-panicled; involucre 4 or 5-seriate; immature achenes setulose at apex.
(Description compiled.)
3. Liabum adenotrichum Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 439. 1912.
Known only from the type locality, Cerro de Frujano, Distrito del Centro
Oaxaca.
Shrub, 3 to 4 meters high; branches floccose-tomentose, glabrate; leaf blades
ovate, 6 to 13 cm. long, 2 to 7.5 em. wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, above
arachnoid-tomentose, glabrate, beneath densely white-lanate; inner phyllaries
acute or obtuse, the outer acute; achenes hirsute and glandular. (Description
compiled.)
4. Liabum caducifolium Robins. & Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 59. 1907.
Known only from the type locality, near Acapulco, Guerrero.
Shrub, leafless at flowering time (the leaves unknown); branches glabrate;
heads numerous, cymose-panicled, short-pediceled; involucre 5 mm. high;
immature achenes hispidulous; pappus fulvescent.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1619
5. Liabum pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 49. 1896.
Known only from the type Jocality, mountains near Lake Chapala, Jalisco.
Suffrutescent, about 1 meter high; stems fuscous-tomentulose; leaf blades
ovate, 4 to 7.5 cm. long, 2 to 4.2 cm. wide, green above, canescent-tomentose
beneath; heads about 6, about 3 em. wide; phyllaries lanceolate, acuminate,
brownish-pubescent, closely imbricate; achenes sericeous.
6. Liabum klattii Robins. & Greenm. Amer. Journ. Sci. III. 50: 156. 1895.
Veracruz and Oaxaca; type from Monte Alban, near City of Oaxaca.
Shrub, up to 6.5 meters high, leafless at flowering time; branches arachnoid,
glabrate; leaf blades deltoid-ovate, about 12.5 em. long and wide, acuminate,
cuneate at base, glabrous above, arachnoid beneath; heads rather numerous, in
short thyrsoid panicles; phyllaries acuminate; achenes densely pubescent.
7. Liabum andrieuxii (DC.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer.
Bot. 2: 231. 1881.
Vernonia andrieuxii DC. Prodr. 5: 16. 1836.
Oaxaca and Chiapas; type collected between Tehuantepec and the Rio Coatza-
coalceos.
Shrub; branches sordidly tomentose and hispid-glandular; leaf blades deltoid-
ovate, 8 to 16 cm. long and wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, repand-dentate and
often somewhat hastate-lobed near base, green above, canescent-tomentose
beneath; heads about 3 at tips of branches; phyllaries attenuate, tomentose, squar-
rose; achenes densely pubescent; pappus straw-color, varying to purplish.
8. Liabum bourgeaui Hieron. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 48: 208. 1906.
Liabum asclepiadeum Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 231. 1881. Not
L. asclepiadeum Schultz Bip. 1847.
Veracruz and Chiapas; type from Valley of Cérdoba, Veracruz. Guatemala to
Costa Rica.
Suffrutescent (?), 2 meters high; branches angled, lanate-tomentose; leaf blades
ovate to suborbicular-ovate, 6 to 23 cm. long, 2 to 14 cm. wide, acute or acuminate ,
cuneately decurrent the whole length of the petiole and usually auriculate-connate
at its base, callous-denticulate, green above, arachnoid-tomentose beneath;
heads numerous, in dense cymose panicles; involucre 6 to 8 mm. high; achenes
hispidulous; pappus without outer squamellae.
9. Liabum andromachioides (Less.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 231.
1881.
Vernonia andromachioides Less. Linnaea 6: 397. 1831.
Sinclairia andromachioides Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Bot. 2: 231. 1881,
as synonym.
Veracruz; type from Misantla. El Salvador.
Shrubby; branches glandular-tomentulose, glabrate; leaf blades oval-ovate to
suborbicular-ovate, 7 to 16 em. long, 4.5 to 11 em. wide, acute, rounded at base,
callous-denticulate, green above, griseous-tomentose beneath; heads numerous,
in large panicles; phyllaries ciliate.
10. Liabum deppeanum (Less.) Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 232. 1881.
Andromachia deppeana Less. Linnaea 6: 401. 1831.
Veracruz; type from Cuesta Grande del Jacingo.
Shrubby; branches glabrate; leaf blades ovate, 10 to 12 cm. long, 6.5 to 8.5 em.
wide, acuminate, cuneate at base, callous-denticulate, green above, arachnoid-
tomentose beneath; heads cymose-panicled.
11. Liabum discolor (Hook. & Arn.) Benth. & Hook.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr.
Amer. Bot. 2: 232. 1881.
Sinclairia discolor Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 433. 1840-41.
Oaxaca (?). Guatemala to Nicaragua; type from Realejo, Nicaragua.
1620 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Shrubby; stem arachnoid, glabrate; leaf blades ovate or suborbicular-ovate,
8 to 14 cm. long, acute or acuminate, rounded to cuneate at base, green above,
canescent-tomentose beneath; heads numerous, in usually broad panicles;
involucre about 8 mm. high.
12. Liabum platylepis Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 146. 1887.
Known only from the type locality, Mirador, Veracruz.
Shrub, epiphytic on oaks; branches lanate; leaf blades rhombic, 12.5 cm. long,
9 em. wide, green above, white-tomentose beneath; heads thyrsoid-panicled.
(Description compiled.)
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
LIABUM LIEBMANNI Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 146. 1887.
Sinclairia liebmannii Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 23: 146. 1887, as
synonym.
Known only from the type locality, Bartolo, Mexico.
Heads terminal, densely thyrsoid-panicled; phyllaries lanceolate, green; achenes
hirsute; pappus rufous. (Description compiled.)
105. LEPIDOSPARTUM A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 50. 1883.
1. Lepidospartum squamatum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 50. 1883.
Linosyris squamata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 290. 1873.
Tetradymia squamata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 207. 1874.
Northern Baja California. California to Nevada and Arizona; type from
California.
Rigid broomlike shrub 1 to 2 meters high; branches and obovate-spatulate
entire leaves (about 1 cm. long) of young plants densely canescent-tomentose;
older branches and stem practically glabrous, green, with minute, appressed,
scale-like leaves 1 to 2 mm. long; heads pale yellow, 10 to 18-flowered, in long
racemes or narrow panicles, discoid, 1 cm. high; involucre about 4-seriate, strongly
graduate, about 5 mm. high, of ovate to oblong, appressed, scarious-margined
phyllaries; achenes glabrous; pappus of abundant soft white bristles.
106. HAPLOESTHES A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 109. 1849.
1. Haploesthes greggii A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4: 109. 1849.
Coahuila; type from Ciénaga Grande. Oklahoma and Texas to Colorado and
Arizona.
Herbaceous or suffrutescent, 60 cm. high or less, erect, rather fleshy, pale
green, glabrous; leaves opposite, narrowly linear or filiform, 3 to 7 cm. long,
1 to 2 mm. wide, acute, entire, l1-nerved, connate at base; heads in small panicles,
pale yellow, radiate, about 1 em. wide; involucre 2-seriate, equal, of “4” or 5
very broadly oval or obovate-oval, blunt, many-nerved phyllaries; achenes slender,
10-ribbed, hispidulous, 2 mm. long; pappus of about 24 scabrid bristles, about
as long as the achene or longer.
107. PEUCEPHYLLUM A. Gray in Torr. U. 8S. & Mex. Bound. Bot. 74. 1859.
1. Peucephyllum schottii latisetum I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV.
12: 1212. 1924.
Baja California and Sonora; type from San Marcos Island, Gulf of California.
Shrub up to 3 meters high, much branched, resinous-glandular on the young
parts; leaves alternate, crowded, linear-filiform, about 2 cm. long, 1 mm. wide,
thick, entire, obtuse, glandular-punctate; heads solitary at tips of branches,
short-peduncled, discoid, dull yellow, about 1 cm. high and thick; involucre
2-seriate, equal, 8 to 10 mm. high, the phyllaries lance-linear, caudate-attenuate,
herbaceous above; achenes densely silky-pilose, about 2.5 mm. long; pappus
several-seriate, the outer of numerous graduate bristles, the inner of about
15 linear acuminate paleaceous awns about 5 mm. long. “Romero” (Baja
California).
Used medicinally.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1621
108. SENECIO L. Sp. Pl. 866. 1753.
(Contributed by Dr. J. M. Greenman.)
REFERENCES: Greenman, Monogr. Senecio, Part I, pp. 1-37. 1901; Bot.
Jahrb. Engler 32: 1-33. 1902; Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 573-676. pl. 17-20.
1915; op. cit. 3: 85-194. pl. 3-5. 1916; op. cit. 4: 15-36. pl. 4. 1917; op. cit.
5: 37-107. pl. 4-6. 1918.
Herbs, suffruticose plants, shrubs, or woody, scandent or climbing perennials,
or even arborescent plants; leaves alternate, very variable, pinnately or pal-
mately veined, entire to variously divided; heads heterogamous and radiate, or
discoid; involucre narrowly campanulate, usually subtended by calyculate
bracteoles; bracts of the involucre uniseriate, or by overlapping subbiseriate,
Variable in number but tending to approach a definite series of numbers, namely
5-8-13-21, etc.; ray flowers when present disposed in a single row, fertile, the
rays sometimes reduced; disk flowers perfect; corollas slenderly tubwar to
abruptly ampliate above into a campanulate 5-toothed limb, the teeth mostly
short; anthers obtuse or slightly sagittate at the base; style branches truncate,
rounded-obtuse, occasionally terminated by a penicillate tuft of hairs or by a
triangular, acute or acuminate, dorsally hirtellous appendage; achenes subterete,
usually ribbed, glabrous or hirtellous; pappus of numerous white slender setae.
A large genus, widely distributed, but of little economic value.
KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS.
Style branches truncate, rounded-obtuse, or occasionally terminated by a penicil-
late tuft of hairs. (Subgenus EusEnecio.)
Stems erect or ascending, not climbing.
Stems not abruptly terminated by a foreshortening of the main axis; oil
tubes not richly developed in the cortex.
Leaves pinnately veined.
Stems more or less ligneous at the base; suffruticose plants.
involucre;jbarely*calyculate- =... 22.- <-22- 5-22 25s I. INCANI.
Involucre distinctly calyculate_____________-_- II. SUFFRUTICOSI.
Shrubstorsirechikesplantss = = === =p ee eee III. FRUTICOSI.
Leaves palmately veined___._...--_- =.=. 2224 IV. PALMATINERVII.
Stems abruptly terminated by a foreshortening of the main axis, and bear-
ing at the apex two to several more or less pedunculate, compound,
corymbose cymes; oil tubes richly developed in the cortex.
V. TERMINALES.
Stenisnc malin eae ee oe ee ee eee ee eS nee VI. STREPTOTHAMNI.
Style branches terminated by a triangular, acute or acuminate, dorsally his-
pidulous appendage; stems prostrate or scandent. (Subgenus Psrvu-
DOGO RATS) eae ee aed oh Ee a neo URE eee VII. CONVOLVULOIDEI.
KEY TO THE SEECIES.
I. INCANI.
Assinele.speciesin, Mexic02= 2 s~.=" ee 2 ae ee 1. S. palmeri.
II. SUFFRUTICOSI.
Inflorescence several to many-headed.
Leaves bi-tri-pinnatisect, not auriculate.
Stems conspicuously tufted-pubescent in the leaf axils; leaves 1.5 to 6 cm.
broadap ow ee) oe ee ee eee eee ae 2. S. lyoni.
Stems not conspicuously tufted-pubescent in the leaf axils; leaves 1.5 cm.
OTE PLOSS MOTO Cy re 3. S. cedrosensis.
1622 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves lance-attenuate and entire to ovate and irregularly laciniate; upper
leaves sessile and auriculate.
eaves: plabrougs2oc) = a3 ae eae ot ea pent Lh). eae 4. S. lemmoni.
Leaves white-tomentose beneath____._..___-___------- 5. S. alvarazensis.
Leaves linear and entire to pinnately parted with narrow remote lateral
divisions; upper leaves not auriculate.
Involucral bracts usually 21.
Heads 1 to 1.5 cm. high; bracteoles conspicuous, two-thirds as long as
DHS VONMerE P52 8S Wis i si ee Le 29 6. S. douglasii,
Heads 1 to 1.2 em. high; bracteoles inconspicuous, less than half as long
as the involiere sh 2: Breese ee a i Be 7. S. filifolius.
involucralibractstusiallysiS l= a2 sree Cee ee 8. S. flaccidus.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, entire to sparingly dentate, never pinnately
parted.
Upper leaves auriculate.
involucralsbracts 2b2¢> oss. Se ee Bee eh ie eee 9. S. picridis.
Involucral bracts 1Seuces_ a2). pein less Fie 10. S. carnerensis.
Upper leaves not auriculate____-....-----_----- 11. S. stoechadiformis.
Inflorescence few-headed; heads frequently solitary.
Stennis procumbentc 2509 bie ie ses ee ert 12. S. procumbens.
URIs CfeCh.. os een ee ee ee ere eee 13. S. calcarius.
III. FRUTICOSI.
Leaves lanceolate.
Calyculate bracteoles broad, conspicuous-____---------- 14. S. cinerarioides.
Calyculate bracteoles narrow, inconspicuous.
Plants more or less tomentose.
Leaves sessile or nearly so, sparingly tomentose beneath__15. S. argutus.
Leaves distinctly petiolate, densely and permanently tomentose beneath.
16. S. thomasii.
Planteplab roles =~ <222s ~= == US ee eee 17. S. salignus.
Leaves oblong-ovate to ovate-rotund.
Meaves-cuneate’ at. the bases. = == 2.24 Sh ne ee 18. S. schaffneri.
Leaves cordate at the base.
Involucre densely tomentose_-_------------------ 19. S. barba-johannis.
Involucre glabrous or nearly so.
Stem and branches densely hirsute-tomentose - - - - - 20. S. hirsuticaulis.
Stem and branches floccose-tomentose to glabrous.
21. S. aschenbornianus.
IV. PALMATINERVII.
Inflorescence densely white-tomentose to glabrous, in no sense glandular.
Heads numerous, small or medium-sized, 6 to 12 mm. high.
Upper leaf surface closely and conspicuously reticulate-veined.
Involucre tomentose.
Hendin nidiater oo <5a! 25s See Se ee 22. S. roldana.
Headsvdiscoid..s ee hike Se ete Ate eee Seeew eee eeiaeee 23. S. jaliscanus.
Involucre glabrous.
Lower leafesurface! tomentose: 2-5) a eee 24. S. hartwegi.
Lower Jeai®éurface glabrous 22.2) So eee 25. S. seemannii
Upper leaf surface not closely and conspicuously reticulate-veined.
Heads disposed in glomerules__._-.__----------_- 26. S. robinsonianus.
Heads not disposed in glomerules.
Petioles-not densely lanate:--=4 2=<s2222 222-228 27. S. albonervius.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1623
Petioles densely lanate.
Leaves permanently tomentose on both surfaces.
27a. S. eriophyllus.
Leaves tomentose beneath, glabrate above______ 28. S. lanicaulis.
Heads few, large, 12 to 20 mm. high.
Leaves angulate-lobed, strongly reticulate-veined.
Leaves angulately 5-lobed__....____.__________.___. 29. S. reticulatus.
Beavessvovls-lobed 2 2 a meine 0 a 30. S. acerifolius.
Leaves subpinnately incised, not strongly reticulate-veined.
31. S. ehrenbergianus.
Inflorescence more or less glandular-hirtellous, often with hirsutish hairs inter-
mixed.
Leaves 3 to 5-lobed, somewhat halberd-shaped.
LEEDS LES CAE eee eee a ee See ee ee Pe 32. S. anisophyllus.
Heads discoid.
Leaves not peltate.
Basal lobes of leaf reflexed.... 2-2 cs tb 33. S. chrismarii.
Basal lobes of leaf horizontally spreading_______ 34. S. hederaefolius.
eames excentrically peltatesic. 84:5 sadne ty} date pw 35. S. alienus.
Leaves 5 to 13-lobed, not halberd-shaped.
Involucre 5 to 7 mm. high.
Ray flowers conspicuous.
Leaves 5 to 12 em. broad, 5 to 7-lobed.
Leaves sparingly tomentose beneath.
Leaves angulately 5-lobed_s....._-.__-_-.__- 36. S. hederoides.
Leaves ‘sinuately 7-lobed.._-..-2-..2.--=--c =. 37. S. oaxacanus.
Leaves densely tomentose beneath___________ 38. S. hypomalacus.
Leaves 20 to 25 cm. broad, 7 to 13-lobed_____._____ 39. S. langlassei.
1S RVATACO NG ICES @SMEDN 6YS() 0 ea al ol eu a 40. S. cristobalensis.
Ray flowers inconspicuous.
Upper leaves mostly dentate__.__.-____-._______ 41. S. cordovensis.
Wpper leaves mostly entire__- > — 2222-2. 8-2 42. S. macrobotrys.
Involucre 8 to 12 mm. high.
Ray flowers much reduced, inconspicuous.
Bracts of the inflorescence foliaceous___________- 43. S. angulifolius.
Bracts of the inflorescence setaceous__________- 44. S. brachyanthus.
Ray flowers conspicuous.
Main lobes of the leaf not again-angulate-lobed.
Memves pelvate = soo cae Le eo eee eee oe 45. S. chapalensis.
Leaves not peltate.
Peduncles and involucral bracts granulose-hirtellous.
46. S. sartorii.
Peduncles and involucral bracts subhirsute- -- --- 47. S. petasitis.
Main lobes of the leaf again angulate-lobed.
Leaf blade about as broad as long_--_-------- 48. S. platanifolius.
Heat bladesbroader than) longe.22 2) == =e aee eee 49. S. gilgii.
V. TERMINALES.
Leaves pinnately veined.
Leaves ovate-oblong, rounded to cordate at the base.
Liangipcodige, SreeSiuul ON row LS cee a OY ny ee ey i 50. S. orcuttii-.
Involucre 4 to 7 mm. high. ;
Leaves thin; pubescence white-floccose____--------- 51. S. chicarrensis.
Leaves thickish; pubescence tawny---------------- 52. S. grandifolius.
1624 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Leaves lanceolate, gradually narrowed at the base.
Involucral bracts 5.
Veins not strongly reticulate..._......._._.___.--- 53. S. uspantanensis.
Veins strongly reticulate.
Heads radiate; stems above papillose___.._.-----_---- 54. S. standleyi.
Heads discoid; stems above glabrous or ferruginous.
55. S. cobanensis.
Involucral bracts 8.
Stems: above\sMmooth: «2 tee to et Be es oe ae 56. S. andrieuxii.
Slams ~abovespubescent:. 52: 25 24 ae ee ees 57. S. liebmannii.
Leaves palmately veined.
Denves. elabrous. ste. 2k et eee oe ae eae 58. S. praecox.
Leaves arachnoid-tomentose beneath____________-__----__-- 59. S. velatus.
VI. STREPTOTHAMNI.
A‘sinple species inxMexieo. 3. 5455. oas ska 60. S. parasiticus.
VII. CONVOLVULOIDEI.
Heads 1 to 1.5 cm. high; bracteoles squarrose___________-_- 61. S. kermesinus.
Heads 1.5 to 2 cm. high; bracteoles appressed-__------------- 62. S. confusus.
1. Senecio palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 80. 1876.
Guadalupe Island, Baja California, whence the type.
Suffruticose, 1 meter or less high, persistently white-tomentose throughout;
leaves oblong-spathulate, 3 to 9 cm. long, obtuse, entire to sinuate-dentate,
narrowed at the base into a petiole; inflorescence a terminal, pedunculate, few to
several-headed, corymbose cyme; heads 10 to 14 mm. high, radiate; disk flowers
numerous; achenes sericeous-pubescent.
2. Senecio lyoni A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2. 12: 454. 1886.
Islands off Baja California; type from San Clemente Island.
Suffruticose; stems terete below, subangulate and striate above, persistently
tomentose in the leaf axils; leaves 3 to 13 cm. long, 1 to 6 cm. broad, bi-tri-pin-
natisect into linear obtuse divisions, glabrous above, tomentulose to nearly or
quite glabrous beneath; heads 10 to 12 mm. high, few, on long bracteate peduncles,
radiate; ray flowers 10 to 12; rays yellow; disk flowers numerous; achenes canes-
cent-pubescent.
8. Senecio cedrosensis Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 194. 1885.
Cedros Island, Baja California, whence the type.
Suffruticose; stem below ligneous, covered with a grayish bark; branches
sparingly crisp-hirsute with jointed hairs; leaves bi-tri-pinnatisect, 2 to 7 cm.
long, 0.5 to 15 em. broad, pinnately parted into short, irregularly dentate or
incised divisions; heads about 1 cm. high, radiate; disk flowers exceeding the
involucre; achenes canous-hirtellous.
4. Senecio lemmoni A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 220. 1882.
Arizona and northern Baja California; type from Camp Lowell and Santa
Catalina Mountains, Arizona.
Suffruticose, glabrous or nearly so; stem much branched, covered with a brown-
ish, more or less decidous cortex; leaves lanceolate, entire to irregularly and re-
motely salient-toothed, membranaceous, the lower narrowed into a petiole, the
’ upper sessile and auriculate-amplexicaul; heads 10 to 12 mm. high, radiate; ray
flowers about 12; rays yellow; disk flowers numerous, exceeding the involucre;
achenes hirtellous.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1625
5. Senecio alvarazensis Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 349. 1912.
Northern Mexico; type from Alvarez, San Luis Potosi.
Suffruticose; stems erect, branched, above striate and flocculent-tomentose;
‘upper leaves sessile and auriculate-clasping, irregularly laciniate-lobed or sake
pinnate, 3 to 8 cm. long, 1 to 4.5 em. broad, arachnoid-tomentulose above, densely
and persistently white-tomentose beneath; inflorescence cymose, many-headed;
heads about 1 cm. high, radiate; bracts of the involucre usually 21, lanceolate,
7 to 8 mm. long, black-tipped; ray flowers 10 to 12; rays yellow; disk flowers
about 50; achenes canous-hirtellous.
6. Senecio douglasii DC. Prodr. 6: 429. 1837.
California to northern Baja California and Sonora; type from California.
Suffruticose, white-tomentose to nearly or quite glabrous; stems erect, more
or less branched; leaves thickish, linear and entire to pinnately divided into 3
to several long, linear, acute divisions, the margins revolute; inflorescence termin-
ating the stem and branches in a few-headed corymbose cyme; heads 1 to 1.5 em.
high, nearly as broad, radiate; involucre conspicuously calyculate; bracts of the
involucre usually 21; ray flowers about 12; rays yellow; disk flowers about 60;
mature achenes 4 to 5 mm. long, canescent-pubescent with upwardly appressed
hairs. .
7. Senecio filifolius Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. n. ser. 7: 414. 1841.
Southwestern United States, mainly east of the Rocky Mountains, to Coahuila
and Chihuahua; type from “banks of the Missouri, towards the Rocky Moun-
tains.”
Suffruticose, white-tomentose to nearly glabrous ; stems erect, usually branched,
leafy; leaves linear and entire to pinnately divided into few to several linear divi-
sions, the margins revolute; heads few to several, 1 to 1.5 em. high, radiate;
involucre not conspicuously calyculate, the bracteoles mostly less than half as
long as the 21 bracts of the involucre; ray flowers 8 to 13; rays yellow; disk
flowers 40 to 50; achenes canous-hirtellous.
8. Senecio flaccidus Less. Linnaea 5: 161. 1830.
Senecio regiomontanus DC. Prodr. 6: 429. 1837.
Senecio longilobus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 18. 1839.
Chihuahua to Hidalgo; type from the Llanos de Perote.
Suffruticose, more or less deciduously white-tomentose; stems 1 meter or less
high; leaves 2 to 8 cm. long, flaccid, linear and entire to pinnately divided into
few linear, elongate, divaricately spreading lateral divisions; heads 10 to 12 mm.
high, radiate; involucre calyculate with short setaceous bracteoles; bracts of the
involucre usually 13, about 6 mm. long, tomentulose to glabrous; achenes seri-
ceous-pubescent.
9. Senecio picridis Schauer, Linnaea 19: 733. 1847; 20: 697. 1847.
South Mexico; type from Zimapdn, Hidalgo.
Stems erect, 1 meter or less high, ligneous below, floccose-tomentose; leaves
narrowly lanceolate, 3 to 13 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. broad, acute, entire or incon-
spicuously denticulate, at first arachnoid-tomentulose but more or less glabrate
above, permanently white-tomentose beneath, the lowermost leaves gradually
narrowed into a slightly winged petiole, the upper leaves sessile and auriculate or
subsagittate at the base; heads 8 to 10 mm. high, radiate; bracts of the involucre
usually 21; ray flowers 8 to 10; rays yellow; disk flowers numerous; achenes
sericeous-hirtellous.
10. Senecio carnerensis Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 25. 1901; Bot. Jahrb.
Engler 32: 22. 1902; Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 273. 1914.
Northern Mexico; type from Carneros Pass, Coahuila.
1626 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Suffruticose; leaves petiolate to sessile and auriculate, oblanceolate to spatulate,
1.5 to 5 em. long, 1 em. or less broad, subentire to acutely dentate, white-tomen-
tose on both surfaces in the early stages, more or less glabrate above; heads 8 to
10 mm. high, radiate; bracts of the involucre usually 13; ray flowers about 8;
rays yellow; disk flowers 30 to 40; achenes sericeous-hirtellous.
11. Senecio stoechadiformis DC. Prodr. 6: 429. 1837.
South Mexico; type from Villalpando.
Suffruticose, canescent-lanate throughout; stem erect, usually branched;
leaves lanceolate to linear, 3 to 13 cm. long, 2 to 10 mm. broad, attenuate at both
ends, acute at the apex, entire or remotely denticulate, floccose-tomentulose
above in the early stages but somewhat glabrate, persistently white-tomentose
beneath; margins commonly revolute; heads 8 to 12 mm. high, radiate; bracts of
the involucre usually numerous; achenes canous-hirtellous.
12. Senecio procumbens H. B. K. Noy. Gen. & Sp. 4: 177. 1820.
Senecio helleri Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 333. 1882.
South Mexico at high altitudes; type from the mountains near Toluca.
A low suffruticose alpine plant, white-tomentose throughout; stems prostrate
or ascending, 5 to 20 em. high, leafy; leaves oblanceolate or somewhat spatulate,
1.5 to 5 em. long, 0.5 to 1 em. broad, entire to sinuate-dentate, white-tomentose
on both surfaces, occasionally somewhat glabrate above; heads 1 to 1.5 cm.
high, few or solitary, radiate; disk flowers numerous; achenes glabrous.
138. Senecio calcarius H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 184. 1820.
Senecio mairetanus DC. Prodr. 6: 430. 1837.
Senecio chrysactis Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 237. 1881
South Mexico, rocky places above timber line; type collected between Mazatlan
and Chilpancingo, Guerrero.
A low branched erect shrub, 1 meter or less high, white-tomentose throughout;
branches leafy; leaves linear-lanceolate, 2 to 10 em. long, 1.5 to 10 mm. broad,
acute, entire, coriaceous, revolute-margined, entire, at first tomentulose, later
more or less glabrous above, densely and permanently white-tomentose beneath;
heads few, 1.5 to 2 em. high, radiate; bracts of the involucre about 21, floccose-
tomentose; ray flowers usually 13; rays bright yellow; disk flowers numerous;
achenes glabrous.
14. Senecio cinerarioides H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 183. 1820.
South Mexico; type from Moran.
Fruticose, 1 to 2.5 meters high; stem below smooth and glabrous, above
angled, striate and, as well as the branches, tomentulose; leaves sessile, narrowly
lanceolate, 5 to 18 cm. long, 0.5 to 1.5 em. broad, acute, entire or denticulate,
tomentulose above in the younger stages, later glabrate, persistently white-
tomentose beneath, the upper leaves usually auriculate-sagittate at the base;
inflorescence many-headed; involucral bracts usually 21, the calyculate bracteoles
lanceolate, conspicuous, subsquarrose; ray flowers about 13; rays yellow; disk
flowers numerous; achenes sparingly hirtellous or glabrous.
15. Senecio argutus H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 183. 1820.
South Mexico; type from Cofre de Perote.
Suffruticose; upper part of stem and branches striate; leaves tomentulose on
both surfaces, somewhat glabrate above; heads many, 10 to 13 mm. high,
radiate; involucre of about 13 bracts; ray flowers commonly 8; rays pale yellow;
-disk flowers numerous; achenes hirtellous.
16. Senecio thomasii Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 332. 1881; Leo-
poldina 24: 126. 1888.
Senecio lindenii Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Abh Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 332. 1881.
Senecio deppeanus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 239. 1881.
STANDLEY
TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1627
South Mexico; type from Orizaba; type of S. deppeanus from Malpais de
Naulingo.
Fruticose, 1 to 2 meters high; stem erect, striate, at first tomentose, some-
what glabrate; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, 5 to 18 cm. long, 1 to 5 em. broad,
acuminate, acute, entire or denticulate, floccose-tomentulose above in the
younger stages but glabrate, densely and permanently white-tomentose beneath;
inflorescence many-headed; heads about 8 mm. high, radiate; ray flowers ely
8; rays yellow; disk flowers 20 to 25; achenes puberulent.
17. Senecio salignus DC, Prodr. 6: 430. 1837.
Cineraria salicifolia H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 188. 1820.
Senecio vernus DC. Prodr. 6: 430. 1837.
Cineraria verna Mairet; DC. Prodr. 6: 430. 1837.
Senecio axillaris Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 333. 1881.
Southern Arizona through Mexico to Guatemala; type collected between
Cerro Ventoso and Moran.
Shrub, 1 to 2 meters high, glabrous throughout; stem branched, terete, covered
with a brownish cortex; leaves sessile, narrowly lanceolate, 3 to 12 cm. long,
0.5 to 1.5 em. broad, entire or denticulate; inflorescence a terminal paniculate
cyme; heads many, 8 to 10 mm. high, radiate; involucral bracts usually 8,
stramineous, shorter than the disk flowers; ray flowers commonly 5; rays bright
yellow; achenes hirtellous-pubescent. ‘‘Jarilla’’ (Valley of Mexico); ‘‘jaral ama-
illo” (Valley of Mexico); ‘‘chilea’’ (Chiapas); ‘flor de dolores’? (Guatemala).
A decoction of the leaves is employed locally as a remedy for intermittent
fevers, and in the form of fomentations to reduce the pain of rheumatism and
similar affections.
18. Senecio schaffneri Schultz Bip.; Klatt, Leopoldina 24: 126. 1888.
Senecio grandifolius var. glabrior Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 240.
1881, in part.
South Mexico; type from Mirador, Veracruz.
Shrub 1 to 4 meters high; stem below covered with a grayish bark, above, as
well as the branches in the younger stages, somewhat striate and arachnoid-
tomentose but soon glabrate; leaves petiolate, oblong-lanceolate to ovate, 5 to 15
em. long, 2 to 12 em. broad, sinuate-angulate-lobed, cuneate at the base, conspic-
uously reticulate-veined, glabrous above, pubescent beneath especially on the
midrib and lateral nerves; petioles 2 to 7 em. long, naked; heads many, 10 to
12 mm. high, radiate; bracts of the involucre usually 5; ray flowers mostly 3;
rays yellow; disk flowers about 6; achenes glabrous.
19. Senecio barba-johannis DC. Prodr. 6: 430. 1837.
Senecio grahami Benth. Pl. Hartw. 18. 1839.
Senecio pullus Klatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 333. 1882. Not S. pullus
Klatt, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 4: 469. 1896.
South Mexico.
Shrub 2 to 3 meters high; stem below covered with a grayish brown cortex,
branched, and densely tomentose in the younger parts; leaves petiolate, ovate
to oblong-ovate, 5 to 15 em. long, 3 to 9 cm. broad, mucronate-acute, callous-
denticulate and more or less sinuate, rather thick in texture, at first tomentulose
above but soon becoming glabrous and smooth except on the midvein and lateral
nerves, densely and persistently tomentose beneath, cordate at the base; petioles
2.5 to 8 em. long, densely tomentose; heads many, about 1 cm. high, radiate;
involucre tomentose; ray flowers usually 5; disk flowers 10 to 15; achenes glabrous.
“‘Barba de Juan de Dios” (Valley of Mexico); “‘gordolobo” (Hidalgo).
Villada reports that the sap of the thick stems is sometimes resorted to by
travelers as a substitute for drinking water.
1628 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
20. Senecio hirsuticaulis Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901; Bot. Jahrb.
Engler. 32: 22. 1902; Field Mus. Bot. 2: 280. 1907.
East central Mexico; type collected between San Luis Potosi and Tampico.
Shrub; stem above and the branches, as well as the petioles, densely hirsute-
pubescent with spreading hairs; leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong to ovate-rotund,
5 to 12 em. long, 3 to 9 em. broad, acute at the apex, subangulately 5 to 7-lobed,
usually subcordate at the base, slightly hirtellous above especially on the midrib
and lateral nerves, densely and permanently tomentose beneath; heads about
1 em. high, radiate; bracts of the involucre usually 13, glabrous; ray flowers
mostly 8; disk flowers 20 to 25; achenes glabrous.
21. Senecio aschenbornianus Schauer, Linnaea 20: 698. 1847.
South Mexico; type from the Valley of Toluca.
Shrub 1 to nearly 3 meters high; stem below covered with a brownish bark,
the younger parts and the branches floccose-tomentulose but soon glabrate;
leaves petiolate, broadly oblong-ovate to ovate-rotund, 5 to 12 em. long, 3.5 to
10 cm. broad, shallowly and subangulately 5 to 9-lobed, acute at the apex,
mucronate-denticulate, short-cordate to rounded at the base, at first tomentuJose
above but soon glabrate, densely and persistently lanate-tomentose beneath;
heads about 8 mm. high, radiate; bracts of the involucre commonly 8, glabrous;
ray flowers 6 to 8; rays yellow; disk flowers about 12; achenes glabrous.
22. Senecio roldana DC. Prodr. 6: 431. 1837.
Roldana lobata Liav. & Lex. Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 13. 1825.
Senecio sublobatus DC. Prodr. 6: 310. 1837, nomen nudum.
Cineraria angulata Alamdn; DC. Prodr. 6: 431. 1837.
Cineraria lobata Mairet; DC. Prodr. 6: 431. 1837.
Senecio schumannianus Schauer, Linnaea 20: 698. 1847.
South Mexico.
An erect branched shrub, 2 to 3 meters high, white-tomentose in the younger
parts; leaves petiolate, subpalmately nerved, subrotund to oblong-ovate, 5 to
22 cm. long, nearly or quite as broad, sinuate-angulate-lobed, obtuse or acute,
callous-denticulate, at first lightly floccose but soon glabrate above, densely and
persistently lanate-tomentose beneath; petioles 0.5 to 13 cm. long; heads many,
radiate; ray flowers usually 5; rays yellow; disk flowers 10 to 12; achenes glabrous.
23. Senecio jaliscanus 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 143. 1891.
Southwestern Mexico; type from Chapala Mountains, near Guadalajara,
Jalisco.
Stem 2 to 3 meters high, ligneous below, striate and woolly-tomentose above;
leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, 5 to 20 em. long, nearly or quite as broad, 5 to
7-angulate-lobed, cordate, subpalmately nerved, at first arachnoid-tomentulose
above but soon glabrate, permanently white-tomentose beneath; petioles 1 to
15 em. long; heads about 12 mm. high, discoid, 15 to 20-flowered; achenes
glabrous.
24. Senecio hartwegi Benth. Pl. Hartw. 18. 1839.
West-central Mexico; type from Bolafios, Jalisco.
Stem fruticose; branches, petioles, and lower leaf surface tomentose; leaves
petiolate, suborbicular, 3 to 9 em. long, nearly or quite as broad, repand-angulate,
cordate, palmately 7 to 9-nerved, glabrous and strongly reticulate-nerved on the
upper surface; heads small, radiate; achenes puberulent.
25. Senecio seemannii Schultz Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 311. 1856.
Southern Arizona and northern Mexico; type from the Sierra Madre, north-
western Mexico.
Stem erect, 1 to 2 meters high, ligneous at the base, angulate-channeled and
more or less purplish-lineolate above, glabrous; leaves petiolate, orbicular-ovate,
4 to 24 cm. long, nearly or quite as broad, repand-angulate-lobed, callous-
STANDLEY—TREE'S AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1629
denticulate, shallowly cordate to subtruncate at the base, glabrous on both
surfaces or occasionally slightly flocculent-tomentulose beneath in the early
stages but soon glabrate; heads small, radiate; achenes hirtellous or glabrous.
26. Senecio robinsonianus Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901; Bot.
Jahrb. Engler 32: 22. 1902; Trees & Shrubs 1: 19. pl. 10. 1902.
Shrub 2 to 3 meters high; stems terete, covered with a white, densely matted
tomentum; leaves petiolate, ovate-rotund, 15 to 20 em. long, nearly or quite as
broad, palmately 7 to 9-nerved from just above the truncate or shallowly cordate
base, denticulate to sinuately sublobate, hirtellous-pubescent above, densely
and persistently lanate-tomentose beneath; inflorescence a terminal panicle;
heads radiate, disposed in glomerules; achenes glabrous.
27. Senecio albonervius Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901; Bot. Jahrb.
Engler 32: 22. 1902; Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 275. 1914.
South Mexico; type from the Valley of Tamascaltepec.
Arborescent, 2 to 4 meters high; stem at first white-tomentose, later glabrate;
leaves petiolate, broad-ovate, 3 to 5 cm. long, nearly or quite as broad, sinuately
4 to 11-lobed, remotely callous-denticulate, cordate at the base, at first tomen-
tulose on both surfaces, more or less glabrate above except on the midrib and
nerves; petiole 3 to 10 cm. long; inflorescence a terminal many-headed panicle;
heads radiate; achenes glabrous.
27a. Senecio eriophyllus Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. @: 282. 1907.
South Mexico; type from hills near Tula, Oaxaca.
Shrub; stem in the dried state of a dark gray or blackish wood, covered with a
light gray cortex; ultimate branches white floccose-tomentose in the early stages,
glabrate; leaves petiolate, ovate to ovate-oblong, 6 to 10 cm. long, 5 to 8 em.
broad, sinuate-angulate-lobed, rounded to cordate at base, densely and persis-
tently white-tomentose on both surfaces; inflorescence a terminal panicle; heads
about 12 mm. high, discoid, 10 to 12-flowered; involucral bracts 8, stramineous,
floccose-tomentulose at the base, glabrous toward the apex; achenes glabrous.
28. Senecio lanicaulis Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901; Bot. Jahrb.
Engler 32: 22. 1902; Field Mus. Bot. 2: 283. 1907.
South Mexico; type from Pinabete, Chiapas.
Shrub; stem above densely lanate-tomentose; leaves petiolate, subrotund to
reniform, cordate, palmately 7 to 9-nerved, 7 to 25 em. broad, shallowly sinuate-
lobed, unequally mucronate-dentate, at first tomentulose but soon glabrate
above, densely and permanently white-lanate-tomentose beneath; inflorescence
terminal, many-headed; heads radiate; ray flowers 6 to 8; disk flowers 12 to 20;
achenes glabrous.
29. Senecio reticulatus DC. Prodr. 6: 431. 1837.
Senecio dictyophyllus Benth. Pl. Hartw. 43. 1840.
South Mexico; type from Villalpando, Michoacan.
Stems erect, 30 to 60 cm. high, from a ligneous base, glabrous; leaves short-
petiolate, orbicular-ovate, 3 to 6 cm. long, nearly or quite as broad, shallowly
7 to 13-angulate-lobed, glabrous on both surfaces, paler beneath, strongly
reticulate-nerved, callous-denticulate, subtruncate to slightly cordate at the
base; inflorescence a terminal, somewhat leafy, few-headed, subcorymbose cyme;
heads 1 to 1.5 em. high, radiate; ray flowers 6 to 8; rays bright yellow; disk
flowers numerous; achenes glabrous.
30. Senecio acerifolius Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 235, 1881.
South Mexico; type from Oaxaca.
Base of stem unknown but probably ligneous; upper portion of plant glabrous;
leaves petiolate, subrotund, acutely 5-angulate-lobed, 4 to 7 em. long and broad;
inflorescence few-headed; heads 12 to 16 mm. high, radiate; disk flowers 30 to
40; achenes glabrous.
1630 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
31. Senecio ehrenbergianus Klatt, Leopoldina 24: 125. 1881.
South Mexico; type from Puebla.
Stem scandent, densely lanate-tomentose at the ligneous base, herbaceous and
glabrous or slightly pubescent above; leaves petiolate, lanceolate to ovate in
general ouvline, 4 to 12 cm. long, 1.5 to 10 em. broad, more or less incise-lobed,
cuneate to subcordate at the base, sparingly pubescent on both surfaces, paler
beneath; heads few, large, 1.2 to 2 em. high, radiate; disk flowers numerous;
achenes glabrous.
32. Senecio anisophyllus Klatt, Leopoldina 24: 124. 1888.
Senecio hederaefolius Buchinger & Schultz Bip., not Hemsl.; Klatt, Leopoldina
23: 124. 1888.
South Mexico; type from Pelado.
Shrubby; stem terete, glabrous, branched; lower leaves petiolate, cordate,
trilobate, 7-nerved, the upper leaves sessile, lanceolate, acute; heads radiate,
comparatively few, disposed in a subecorymbose cyme; ray flowers about 6; disk
flowers 25 to 30; achenes glabrous.
33. Senecio chrismarii Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901; Bot. Jahrb.
Engler 32: 22. 1902; Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 278. 1914.
South Mexico.
Shrub; stem at first sparingly pubescent, later becoming glabrous; leaves
petiolate, palmately nerygd, triangular-ovate in general outline, 7 to 10 cm.
long, 5 to 8 cm. broad, hastate or somewhat halberd-shaped, 3 to 5-lobed, mu-
cronate-denticulate, deeply cordate, above sparingly hirtellous, beneath glabrous
or sparsely puberulent on the nerves; petioles slender, 4 to 9 cm. long; inflorescence
a terminal, loose, few-headed, densely glandular-puberulent panicle; heads 1.2 to
1.5 em. high, discoid; disk flowers about 20; achenes glabrous.
34. Senecio hederaefolius Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 241. 1881.
South Mexico.
Base of plant unknown; stem above and the inflorescence glandular-puberulent;
leaves petiolate, suborbicular in general outline, 3 to 10 cm. in diameter, 3 to
5-angulate-lobed, callous-denticulate; inflorescence a terminal paniculate cyme;
heads discoid, about 20-flowered; achenes glabrous.
35. Senecio alienus Robins. & Seat. Proc. Amer. Acad. 28: 110. 1893.
South Mexico; type collected near Pétzcuaro, Michoacan.
Stem below ligneous; leaves petiolate, excentrically peltate, triangular-ovate
in general outline, 3 to 5-angulate-lobed, 5 to 10 em. long, nearly as broad, apicu-
late-acute, callous-denticulate, essentially glabrous on both surfaces, paler
beneath; inflorescence a terminal, somewhat leafy, minutely glandular-hirtellous
panicle; heads about 12 mm. high, discoid; flowers few; achenes glabrous.
36. Senecio hederoides Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901; Bot. Jahrb.
Engler 32: 22. 1902; Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 6: 868. 1906.
South Mexico; type from Reyes, Oaxaca.
Shrub; younger stems and branches tomentulose; leaves petiolate, palmately
nerved, ovate-rotund, 3 to 8 em. long, nearly or quite as broad, mostly 5-lobed,
abruptly cuneate to subcordate at the base, granulose-hirtellous above, sub-
tomentose beneath, the lobes mucronate-acute, the margins callous-dentate;
heads numerous, 10 to 12 mm. high, radiate; bracts of the involucre usually 8,
glandular-hirtellous; ray flowers commonly 5; rays yellow; disk flowers about 10;
achenes glabrous.
37. Senecio oaxacanus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 244. 1881.
South Mexico; type from Oaxaca.
Shrub; leaves petiolate, membranaceous, 3 to 5-nerved from the base, sub-
orbicular, 7 to 10 em. long, equally broad, sinuately 7 to 9-lobed, callous-denticu-
ee
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1631
late, hirtellous-ptiberulent above, subtomentose beneath; heads many, 8 to 9 mm.
high, radiate; involucral bracts 8 to 9 mm. long; ray flowers 4 to 6; disk flowers
6 to 9; achenes glabrous.
38. Senecio hypomalacus Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901; Bot. Jahrb.
Engler 32: 22. 1902; Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 278. pl. 10. 1914.
South Mexico; type from mountains of Telixtlahuaca, Oaxaca.
An erect shrub; leaves petiolate, or the uppermost sessile, ovate-rotund to
ovate-oblong, palmately 3 to 5-nerved, distinctly 5 to 11-lobed, densely crisp-
hirtellous above, Janate-tomentose beneath, callous-denticulate, subcordate to
truncate at the base; petioles 6 cm. or less long; heads many, 10 to 12 mm. high,
radiate; disk flowers about 10, much longer than the involucre; achenes glabrous.
39. Senecio langlassei Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901; Bot. Jahrb.
Engler 32: 22. 1902; Field Mus. Bot. 2: 283. 1907.
South Mexico; type from the Sierra Madre, Michoacdn or Guerrero.
Shrub 3 to 4 meters high; leaves petiolate, palmately nerved, ovate-rotund,
10 to 20 cm. long, equally broad, 7 to 13-lobed, granulose-hirtellous on the upper
surface, white-tomentose beneath as well as on the petioles, the margins denticu-
late; inflorescence a terminal many-headed paniculate cyme; heads 1 em. or
less high, radiate; ray flowers 6 to 8; disk flowers 15 to 20; achenes glabrous.
40. Senecio cristobalensis Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901; Bot. Jahrb.
Engler 32: 22. 1902; Bull. Herb. Boiss. II. 6: 867. 1906.
South Mexico; type collected between San Cristébal and Teopisca.
Shrub; stems in the younger stages purplish and glandular-hirtellous; leaves
petiolate, palmately nerved, subrotund, 3 to 14 em. long, quite as broad, 7 to
9-lobed, cordate, mucronate-denticulate, glandular-hirtellous above, paler and
erisp-hirtellous beneath; inflorescence a termina! many-headed paniculate cyme;
heads discoid; involucral bracts usually 8, glandular-hirtellous; disk flowers
10 to 12, much Jonger than the involucre; achenes glabrous.
41. Senecio cordovensis Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 238. 1881.
South Mexico; type collected near Cérdoba, Veracruz.
Stems more or less ligneous; leaves petiolate, suborbicular, peltate, 5 to 16
em. in diameter, 9 to 11-lobed, remotely callous-denticulate, somewhat hirtellous
above, tomentulose beneath; petioles 3 to 10 cm. long; inflorescence a terminal
many-headed paniculate cyme; heads about 1 cm. high, radiate; ray flowers 3 to
5, inconspicuous; rays much reduced and more or less irregular; disk flowers
8 to 10; achenes glabrous.
42. Senecio macrobotrys Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 243. 1881.
South Mexico; type from Orizaba, Veracruz.
Seandent shrub (?); stems above terete, purplish, ferruginous-puberulent;
lower stem leaves petiolate, suborbicular, 10 to 30 cm. in diameter, excentrically
peltate, 9 to 11-lobed, callous-denticulate, somewhat hirtellous-puberulent above,
tomentulose beneath; petioles 3 to 12 cm. long; uppermost leaves sessile, oblong-
ovate; inflorescence a terminal, rather leafy, many-headed, paniculate cyme;
heads about 1 em. high, subdiscoid; involucral bracts usually 8, glandular-
hirtellous; ray flowers 2 to 5, the corollas reduced to short filiform tubes; disk
flowers 7 to 11; achenes glabrous.
This species may prove eventually to be conspecific with S. cordovensis.
43. Senecio angulifolius DC. Prodr. 6: 431. 1837.
Senecio acerifolius K. Koch, Wochenschr. 237. 1861.
South Mexico.
Shrubby plant, 1.5 to 3 meters high; stem soft-woody; leaves petiolate, or
the uppermost winged-petiolate to sessile, suborbicular, 6 to 15 em. long, nearly
or quite as broad, 5 to 7-angulate lobed, cordate at the base, not infrequently
57020—26——21
1632 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
peltate, slightly hirtellous above, more or less tomentose beneath, the margins
callous-denticulate; inflorescence a terminal, somewhat leafy, glandular-hirtellous,
paniculate cyme; heads 1 to 1.5 em. high, inconspicuously radiate, or rays some-
times wanting; disk flowers about 12; achenes glabrous.
43a. Senecio angulifolius var. ingens Greenm. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 276.
1914.
South Mexico; type from Mount Ixtaccihuatl.
Inflorescence compact, fewer and larger-headed than in the species; heads 1.5
to 2 em. high, 40 to 50-flowered.
44. Senecio brachyanthus Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901; Bot.
Jahrb. Engler 32: 22. 1902; Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 277. 1914.
South Mexico; type collected between Ayusinapa and Petatlin, Guerrero.
Shrub; stem terete, covered below with a brownish cortex; leaves petiolate,
palmately nerved, suborbicular, about 7-lobed, peltate or cordate at the base,
mucronate-denticulate, sparingly hirtellous on both surfaces, paler beneath;
petioles 13 cm. or less in length, naked, or occasionally winged; heads 10 to 12
mm. high, heterogamous; involucral bracts 8, glandular-hirtellous; ray flowers
mostly 5, more or less reduced; disk flowers 8 to 10; achenes glabrous.
45. Senecio chapalensis S8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 155. 1890.
Southwest Mexico; type from Lake Chapala.
Shrub; leaves petiolate, palmately nerved, peltate, ovate-orbicular, 5 to 7-
angulate-lobed, 3 to 10 em. long, nearly or quite as broad, callous-denticulate,
slightly hirtellous above, paler and tomentulose beneath; petioles slender, 3 to
12 cm. long; heads 12 to 14 mm. high, conspicuously radiate; ray flowers 5; |
rays whitish in the dried state; disk flowers 12 to 14; achenes striate, glabrous. —
45a. Senecio chapalensis var. areolatus Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26.
1901; Bot. Jahrb. Engler 32: 22. 1902; Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 278. 1914.
South Mexico; type collected in wet canyon above Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Shrub 1.5 to 2 meters high; leaves glabrous or essentially so on both surfaces, —
strikingly areolate beneath; rays smaller than in the type. .
46. Senecio sartorii Schultz Bip.; Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 247.
1881.
South Mexico; type from the Cordilleras of Veracruz.
Shrub; branches terete, ferruginous-pubescent; leaves petiolate, suborbicular,
5 to 20 cm. in diameter, obtusely 7 to 11-lobed, callous-denticulate, shallowly
cordate, glandular-hirtellous above, tomentose beneath; petioles 10 ecm. or less
in length, the uppermost leaves sessile and oblong-ovate; heads 10 to 12 mm. |
high, radiate; involucral bracts 8, ferruginous-puberulent; ray flowers commonly
5; rays conspicuous, distinctly 4 or 5-nerved; disk flowers 10 to 15; achenes
glabrous.
47. Senecio petasitis (Sims) DC. Prodr. 6: 431. 1837.
Cineraria petasitis Sims in Curtis’s Bot. Mag. pl. 1536. 1813.
Cineraria platanifolia Schrank, Pl. Rar. pl. 95. 1817. Not Senecio platanifolius
Benth.
South Mexico; described originally from cultivated specimens grown in —
England.
Shrub; stem above and the branches subvelvety-pubescent; leaves petiolate,
ovate-orbicular, 3 to 18 cm. long, nearly or quite as broad, sinuately 7 to 13-
lobed, callous-denticulate, cordate to subtruncate at the base, closely and finely
pubescent on the upper surface, densely subhirsute-tomentose beneath; petioles
2 to 14 cm. long, subhirsute; heads 12 to 15 mm. high, radiate; involucral bracts
usually 8, subhirsute-pubescent; ray flowers commonly 5; rays bright yellow;
disk flowers about 15; achenes glabrous.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1633
48. Senecio platanifolius Benth. Pl. Hartw. 43. 1840.
South Mexico; type from Chico.
Stems erect, 1 meter or less high, ligneous at the base, herbaceous and granulose-
hirtellous with hirsutish hairs intermixed above; leaves orbicular, 3 to 12 em.
long and broad, cordate, 5 to 9-lobed, dentate, crisp-hirsute above, pubescent
with long soft hairs on the veins beneath; petioles 3 to 15 em. long; heads usually
few, relatively large, about 1.5 cm. high, radiate; involucral bracts 13, granulose-
hirtellous; ray flowers about 12; disk flowers numerous; achenes glabrous.
49. Senecio gilgii Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901; Bot. Jahrb. Engler
32: 26. 1902; Field Mus. Bot. 2: 282. 1907.
South Mexico to Guatemala; type collected near Pinabete, Chiapas.
Shrub; stem and branches pubescent above with spreading tawny hairs;
leaves long-petiolate, rotund to subreniform, 10 to 30 em. broad, cordate, 7 to
9-nerved, sinuately lobed and the lobes again sublobate, mucronate-denticulate,
hirtellous-pubescent on both surfaces; petioles 8 to 14 em. long, densely pubes-
cent; heads large, 1.5 to 1.7 cm. high, radiate; involucral bracts 13, densely
hirsute-pubescent; ray flowers 8 to 10; rays yellow, conspicuous; disk flowers
about 30; achenes striate, glabrous.
50. Senecio orcuttii Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 350. 1912.
South Mexico; type from Omealca, near Cérdoba, Veracruz.
Arboreous, 2 to 3 meters high; leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate in general out-
line, 60 em. or less long, 30 to 35 em. broad, deeply pinnately parted into oblong-
lanceolate lobes 4 to 8 em. long and 1.5 to 4 em. broad, acuminate, acute, remotely
apiculate-dentate, ciliate, dark green above, paler beneath, sparingly -pubescent
on both surfaces to glabrous; heads numerous, 12 to 15 mm. high, radiate;
involucral bracts 8, linear, 12 to 13 mm. long; ray flowers showy, yellow; disk
flowers 12 to 15; achenes glabrous.
51. Senecio chicarrensis Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901; Bot. Jahrb.
Engler 32: 22. 1902; Field Mus. Bot. 2: 285. 1907.
South Mexico; type collected near Chicarras, Chiapas.
Shrub; stem leafy and white-tomentose above; leaves long-petiolate, oblong-
ovate, 12 to 27 em. long, 10 to 18 em. broad, sinuately and somewhat irregularly
lobed, subcordate to abruptly contracted into an unequal base, glabrous above,
floccose-tomentose beneath especially along the prominent midrib and lateral
nerves; involucral bracts 8; ray flowers 2 or 3; rays short, 2 to 2.5 mm. long;
disk flowers about 9; achenes glabrous.
52. Senecio grandifolius Less. Linnaea 5: 162. 1830.
Senecio ghiesbreghtti Hort. Hal.; Regel, Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 36. 1860;
Gartenflora 9: 230. pl. 296. 1860.
South Mexico; described from cultivated material.
Shrub, 3 to 4 meters high; stem and branches above bearing tufts of brownish
tomentum in the leaf axils; leaves petiolate, oblong-ovate, 15 to 40 cm. long,
5 to 22 em. broad, the lower subincised-lobed, the upper sinuate-dentate, acute,
puberulent on the upper surface in the young stages but soon glabrate, erisp-
tomentulose with tawny hairs beneath, subcordate to rounded at the base,
margins callous-denticulate; petioles 5 to 10 cm. long; heads 6 to 8 mm. high,
radiate; involucral bracts 8; ray flowers commonly 5; rays yellow; disk flowers
10 to 12; achenes glabrous.
53. Senecio uspantanensis (Coulter) Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901;
Bot. Jahrb. Engler 32: 22. 1902; Field Mus. Bot. 2: 286. 1907.
Senecio ghiesbreghtii var. uspantanensis Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 20: 52. 1895 (ex-
cluding John Donnell Smith no. 1598).
South Mexico and Guatemala; type from San Miguel Uspantdn, Depart.
Quiché, Guatemala.
1634 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Arboreous; leaves lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, including the petiole 10 to
45 cm. long, 2 to 10 cm. broad, acuminate, acute, entire or remotely and incon-
spicuously callous-denticulate, gradually narrowed at the base into a petiole
2.5 to 12 em. in length, glabrous on both surfaces, thickish, dark green or almost
black in the dried state, somewhat paler beneath, the midrib and lateral nerves
prominent on the under Jeaf surface but the veinlets indistinct; heads many,
small, 8 to 10 mm. high; involucral bracts 5, glabrous; ray flowers 2 or 3; disk
flowers 3 to 5; achenes glabrous.
54. Senecio standleyi Greenm., sp. nov.
Southwestern Mexico; type from Sierra Madre, Michoacan or Guerrero, alt.
2,000 meters, 18 Feb., 1899, #. Langlassé 895 (Gray Herb. and U.S. Nat. Herb.).
Arboreous, 4 to 5 meters high; stem above papillose-hirsute; leaves petiolate,
lanceolate to oblanceolate, including the petiole 8 to 16 em. long, 2 to 3.5 cm.
broad, acuminate, acute, entire or inconspicuously callous-denticulate, gradually
narrowed at the base into a slender petiole 2 to 3 em. long, glabrous on both
surfaces, strongly reticulate-veined; inflorescence many-headed; heads 8 to
10 mm. high, radiate; bracts of the involucre 5, glabrous; ray flowers 1 to 3;
rays yellow; disk flowers 4 to 6; achenes glabrous.
55. Senecio cobanensis Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 16: 101. 1891.
South Mexico and Guatemala; type from Coban, Depart. Alta Verapaz,
Guatemala.
Shrub; stems erect, glabrous, leafy at the apex; leaves lanceolate to somewhat
oblanceolate, 10 to 12.5 em. long, 1 to 3 em. broad, acuminate, acute, remotely
callous-denticulate, glabrous on both surfaces, conspicuously reticulate-nerved ;
heads about 1 em. high, discoid; involucral bracts usually 5, oblong, 5 to 6 mm.
long, obtuse, glabrous, thickened at the base; disk flowers about 5; achenes
glabrous.
56. Senecio andrieuxii DC. Prodr. 6: 430. 1837.
Senecio subvertictllatus DC. Prodr. 6: 480. 1837.
Cineraria verticillata Mairet; DC. Prodr. 6: 4380. 1837.
South Mexico; type from Toluca.
Shrub; stem erect, glabrous; leaves petiolate, crowded at the apex of the stem,
lanceolate, including the petiole 15 to 30 em. long, 2 to 5 cm. broad, acute, entire
or remotely and inconspicuously callous-denticulate, glabrous, thickish, not
strongly reticulate-veined, narrowed at the base into a petiole 2 to 6 cm. in
length; heads many, 8 to 10 mm. high, radiate; involucral bracts 8, glabrous;
ray flowers usually 5; disk flowers 10 to 12; achenes glabrous.
57. Senecio liebmannii Buchinger; Klatt, Leopoldina 24: 125. 1888.
South Mexico; type from Laguna.
Shrub; stem glabrous below, densely ferruginous-tomentose toward the top;
leaves petiolate, lanceolate, including the petiole 6 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm.
broad, acute, remotely and somewhat sinuate-dentate, narrowed at the base
into a short petiole 0.5 to 1 cm. in length, strongly reticulate-nerved and glabrous
on both surfaces ; heads 8 to 10 mm. high, radiate; involucral bracts 8, glabrous;
ray flowers commonly 5; disk flowers about 8; achenes glabrous.
58. Senecio praecox (Cav.) DC. Prodr. 6: 431. 1837.
Cineraria praecox Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 23. pl. 244. 1794.
-Central Mexico; described originally from specimens grown at the Botanical
Garden of Madrid.
Shrub, or small tree, 1.5 to 5 meters high; stems soft-woody or fleshy, terete,
glabrous throughout; leaves clustered at the apex of the stem, petiolate, pal-
mately veined, ovate in general outline, 6 to 18 cm. long, two-thirds as broad,
cordate, 5 to 7-angulate-lobed with acuminate lobes. entire-margined, glabrous
——
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1635
on both surfaces; heads radiate; ray flowers 5 or 6; rays yellow; disk flowers
15 to 18; achenes glabrous. ‘‘Palo loco” (Valley of Mexico); ‘‘palo bobo”’
(Barcena); ‘‘tesapacle,” ‘tezacpatli,”’ “‘tezcapatli”” (Nahuatl).
A decoction of the leaves is used as a domestic remedy for wounds and rheu-
matism.
This is one of the most striking species of the entire genus. The stems are
fleshy, ‘‘the wood very soft and pithy” (ex Dr. J. Gregg), and the cortical
portion is permeated with resin tubes. The plant is locally known as “‘candelero.”
59. Senecio velatus Greenm. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1: 280. pl. 13. 1914.
Southwestern Mexico; type from bluffs of barranca, near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Shrub or small tree, similar in habit to the preceding species ; stem and branches
at the apex rusty-pubescent; leaves petiolate, palmately 7-nerved, ovate-rotund
in general outline, about 10 cm. long and broad, 7 to 9-angulate-Jobed, persist-
ently white-arachnoid-tomentulose beneath; heads about 1.5 em. high, radiate;
involucral bracts 8, glabrous; ray flowers 3 to 5; rays yellow; disk flowers 6 or Ue
achenes glabrous.
60. Senecio parasiticus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 244. 1881.
Cacalia parasitica Schultz Bip. Bot. Zeit. 15: 759. 1857.
South Mexico; type collected near Orizaba.
A scandent or climbing woody plant; stem glabrous; leaves short-petiolate,
somewhat fleshy, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, including the petiole 4 to 8
cm. long, 1 to 3 cm. broad, entire, abruptly narrowed at the base into a petiole
1 cm. or less in length; inflorescence a terminal, more or less leafy, paniculate
cyme; heads 10 to 12 mm. high, discoid; involucral bracts 8, glabrous; disk
flowers 15 to 20; achenes glabrous.
61. Senecio kermesinus Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 242. 1881.
Gynoxis haenkei DC. Prodr. 6: 326. 1837.
Senecio convolvuloides Greenm. Monogr. Senecio 1: 26. 1901; Bot. Jahrb.
Engler 32: 22. 1902.
South Mexico; type collected by Haenke.
Stem scandent, ligneous; branches striate; leaves petiolate, ovate to ovate-
lanceolate, 3 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 6 ecm. broad, acuminate, acute, subentire to
coarsely dentate, rounded to shallowly cordate at the base, glabrous or slightly
puberulent in the young stages; inflorescence a terminal, somewhat leafy, hirtel-
lous-puberulent, paniculate cyme; heads in anthesis 1 to 1.5 em. high, radiate;
rays deep orange-colored; involucre calyculate with setaceous, densely hirtellous,
somewhat squarrose bracteoles; bracts of the involucre commonly 13, sparingly
hirtellous to glabrous, 5 to 7 mm. long; disk flowers about 40; achenes glabrous.
This species is known in Chiapas under the name of ‘‘flor de nifio.”
62. Senecio confusus Britten, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 36: 260. 1898.
Senecio cordifolius B neaei DC. Prodr. 6: 326. 1837.
Gynozis berlandiert DC. Prodr. 6: 326. 1837.
Gynoxis berlandieri a cordifolia DC. Prodr. 6: 326. 1837.
Gynoxis berlandieri 8B cuneata DC. Prodr. 6: 326. 1837.
Senecio berlandieri Hemsl. Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 236. 1881.
Tamaulipas and San Luis Potos{ to Chiapas; type collected near Tampico.
Stem scandent, ligneous, 1 to 6 meters long, climbing over shrubs and trees;
branches striate, glabrous or essentially so; leaves petiolate, ovate to ovate-
lanceolate, 3 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 4 em. broad, acuminate, acute, entire to coarsely
dentate, cuneate to subcordate, glabrous or nearly so on both surfaces; petioles
1 to 2 em. long; inflorescence terminating the stem and branches in a somewhat
leafy paniculate cyme; heads in anthesis 1.5 to 2 cm. high, radiate; involucre
conspicuously calyculate with long linear appressed bracteoles; bracts of the
1636 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
involucre usually 21, glabrous or slightly puberulent; ray flowers about 15, rays
deep orange-colored; disk flowers numerous, 60 or more; achenes puberulent.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
SENECIO CHENOPoDIoIDES H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 179. 1820. This
species, which was based on specimens collected at Campeche, Mexico, is of
doubtful status. Its relationship, however, is with S. confusus.
109. GOCHNATIA H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 19. pl. 309. 1820.
Shrubs; leaves alternate, entire or toothed; heads usually glomerate, discoid;
involucre many-seriate, graduate, of indurate phyllaries; corollas all equally
5-lobed; achenes pubescent; pappus of numerous stiffish bristles; anthers long-
caudate at base.
Leaves green and merely puberulous beneath.
Sseavienenlire22f5 elas cies ot 8S Seet oe aes ee ale 1. G. arborescens.
INCOVOR. BOPINIMANC = 202 ps i ate et ns 2. G. glomeriflora.
Leaves canescent or griseous-tomentose beneath.
Heads about 18-flowered 22.2 op ot ee ee ee 3. G. purpusi.
Heads 4 to 6-flowered.
Leaves grayish green on both sides, pubescent above__.___ __4. G@. smithii.
Leaves bright green and glabrous above (at least at maturity), canescent-
tomentose beneath.
Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or elliptic, acute or acutish, 2 to 5 cm. long.
5. G. hypoleuca.
Leaves oval, rounded or obtuse at apex, 4.5 to 20 mm. long.
6. G. obtusata.
1. Gochnatia arborescens T. 8S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 163. 1903. :
Cape region of Baja California; type from Cafién de Santa Maria.
Arborescent, 3 to 4 meters high, the trunk 20 to 30 cm. thick; stem puberulous;
leaf blades ovate, 3.5 to 6.5 cm. long, 2.5 to 4.5 cm. wide, short-petioled, obtuse;
heads thick-cylindric, 1.8 em. high, 13 to ‘‘20’’-flowered, crowded at tips of
branches; involucre about 10-seriate, graduate, 1.5 cm. high, the phyllaries
stramineous, arachnoid-ciliate, otherwise glabrous.
2. Gochnatia glomeriflora A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 57. 1883.
Perezia capitata S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 156. 1890.
Jalisco and Morelos; type from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Suffrutescent (?), about 2.5 meters high; stem glandular-puberulous; leaves
subsessile, ovate to suborbicular, 5 to 11 cm. long, 2.5 to 8.8 em. wide, acute to
acuminate, cordate at base, subcoriaceous, venose-reticulate; heads 1.3 cm. high,
clustered in the leaf axils, ‘‘4”’ or 5-flowered; phyllaries acuminate.
3. Gochnatia purpusi T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 240. 1906.
Known only from the type locality, Tehuacdn, Puebla.
Shrub; stem and lower leaf surface (at first also the upper) densely cinereous-
tomentose; leaves subsessile, elliptic, 1.8 to 3 em. long, 5 to 14 mm. wide, crenate-
denticulate or subentire, coriaceous; heads in terminal glomerules, about 12
mm. high, about 18-flowered; involucre lanate-tomentose.
4. Gochnatia smithii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 32: 50. 1896.
Oaxaca; type from Cuicatlan.
Shrubby; young branches tomentulose-puberulous; leaves petioled, the blades
lanceolate or lance-oblong, about 4 cm. long, 1.2 to 1.8 em. wide, entire, griseously
tomentose-pilose beneath; heads about 13 mm. high, in dense glomerules, 6-
flowered; involucre about 7 mm. high, the phyllaries mostly obtuse, ciliolate.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1637
5. Gochnatia hypoleuca (DC.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 57. 1883.
Moquinia hypoleuca DC. Prodr. 7: 23. 1838.
Coahuila and Nuevo Leén to Querétaro; type from Monterrey, Nuevo Leén.
Texas.
Shrub 2 to 2.5 meters high or ‘‘small tree,’ the stem cinereous- or canescent-
tomentose; leaves short-petioled or subsessile; heads 8 to 10 mm. high, 4 to
6-flowered, crowded toward tips of branches; involucre 5 to 6 mm. high, the
phyllaries obtuse to (inner) acute or obtusely acuminate. **Chomonque”’
(Durango); ‘‘ocotillo.”’
6. Gochnatia obtusata Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 652. 1924.
Puebla and Oaxaca; type from Tehuacan, Puebla.
Similar to G. hypoleuca; leaves smaller, obtuse or rounded; involucre longer
{6 to 8 mm.), the phyllaries acute or sharply acuminate.
110. ONOSERIS Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1480, 1702. 1804.
- 1. Onoseris rupestris (Benth.) Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 268. 1905.
Caloseris rupestris Benth. Pl. Hartw. 88. 1841.
Rhodoseris conspicua Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 24: 95. pl. 2. 1851.
Pereziopsis donnell-smithii Coulter, Bot. Gaz. 20: 53. pl. 6. 1895.
Onoseris conspicua Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 268. 1905.
Michoacan (or Guerrero) to Oaxaca and Chiapas. Guatemala; type from
Mount Chorro.
“Shrub, 4 meters high,’”’ white-tomentose throughout, the upper surface of the
leaves usually and the involucre sometimes glabrate; leaves alternate, 25 to 40
cm. long (including petiole), lyrate-pinnatifid, the terminal lobe very large,
deltoid, usually hastate, coarsely dentate, the 2 or 3 lower pairs of lobes much
smaller, unequal, the rachis very narrowly winged; heads panicled, cylindric-
turbinate, 6 to 12-flowered, about 2.5 em. high; involucre graduate, 2.3 to 2.5
em. high, of linear or linear-lanceolate attenuate phyllaries; corollas crimson, all
bilabiate (4 and 1); pappus 2 cm. long, of numerous brownish white bristles;
anthers long-caudate at base. ‘‘ Papelillo.”’
111. TRIXIS (P. Br. Civ. Nat. Hist. Jam. 312. 1756, hyponym); Crantz,
Inst. Herb. 1: 329. 1766.
REFERENCE: Robinson & Greenman, Revision of the Mexican and Central
American species of Trizis, Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 6-14. 1904.
Shrubs, rarely herbs; leaves alternate, entire or dentate; heads cymose or
panicled, yellow; involucre double, the outer phyllaries few, usually shorter,
linear to ovate, herbaceous, the inner 5 to 10, equal, subherbaceous; flowers all
hermaphrodite and fertile, the corollas all bilabiate, the outer lip 3-toothed, the
inner 2-cleft; achenes subcylindric, papillose; pappus of numerous usually
brownish bristles; anthers caudate at base.
The following names are reported for species of this genus whose identity is
uncertain: ‘‘Metatera’”’ (Hidalgo); ‘‘manzanilla” (Sinaloa); ‘‘pichaguilla,”’
‘‘pichaga.”’
Leaves decurrent.
Leaves shortly decurrent___.----.~---------------------- 1. T. decurrens.
Leaves long-decurrent, winging the stem.
Outer phyllaries equaling or surpassing the inner.
Outer phyllaries lance-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate_2. T. alata.
Outer phyllaries elliptic, barely acute_--~-------------- 3. T. calcicola.
Outer phyllaries shorter than the inner.
Outer phyllaries narrow, about one-third as long as the inner.
4, T. mexicana.
1638 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Outer phyllaries broad, two-thirds as long as the inner.
5. T. pterocaulis.
Leaves not decurrent (sometimes slightly so in T. rugulosa, T. megalophylla,
and T. wrightii).
Outer phyllaries ovate, large, usually exceeding the inner__6. T. longifolia.
Outer phyllaries linear to narrowly ovate, usually much shorter than the inner-
Leaves glabrous or nearly so beneath, sometimes glandular.
Leaves conspicuously glandular beneath.
ere
Inflorescence appressed-pubescent_________------- 16. T. californica. ©
Inflorescence spreading-villous__________----------- 17. T. silvatica. —
Leaves not glandular beneath.
Outer phyllaries linear or lance-linear__________-_----- 18. T. radialis. ©
Outer phyllaries spatulate to oval-obovate______-_--- 19. T. wrightii.
Leaves silky-pubescent or tomentose beneath.
Inner phyllaries 5; heads 5 to 7-flowered___-_--_-__-_- 7. T. oligantha.
Inner phyllaries 8; heads 10 to 25-flowered.
Larger leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, usually 1 cm
wide or less.
Heads small, about 1.3 em. high; leaves not revolute.
8. T. hyposericea,
Heads larger, 1.5 to 2 em. high; leaves usually strongly revolute.
Leaves 6 to 12 mm. wide, silky-tomentose beneath__9. T. pringlei-
Leaves usually 2 to 5 mm. wide, silky-pilose beneath.
10. T. angustifolia-
Larger leaves lanceolate or lance-oblong, more than 1 cm. wide.
Involucre subcanescently silky-pubescent_-__------- 11. T. haenkei.
Involucre green.
Inflorescence conspicuously glandular-_-_--_-- 13. T. megalophylla.
Inflorescence pubescent, not strongly glandular.
Leaves merely apiculate, densely tomentose beneath.
14. T. nelsonii.
Leaves gradually acuminate, silky-pubescent beneath.
Leaves densely silky-pilose beneath____12. T. peninsularis.
Leaves rather sparsely pilose beneath_-_-_-~ _- 15. T. rugulosa.
1. Trixis decurrens DC. Prodr. 7: 68. 1838.
Perdicium decurrens Sessé & Moc.; DC. Prodr. 7: 68. 1838, as synonym.
Known only from the type locality, Ayacapitla, Morelos.
Stems several, sparsely branched; leaves lance-ovate, crowded, acuminate,
entire; heads terminal, subsolitary; outer phyllaries 5, ovate-lanceolate, the
inner 8. (Description compiled.)
2. Trixis alata D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 16: 192. 1830.
Guerrero; type from Mexico, without definite locality.
Suffrutescent (?), densely stipitate-glandular and pilose, branched above,
very leafy; leaves oblong-ovate or lance-ovate, 5 to 8 cm. long, denticulate, sessile;
heads large, about 2 em. high, crowded, leafy-bracted.
8. Trixis calcicola Robinson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 49: 516. 1913.
Known only from the type locality, Iguala Canyon, near Iguala, Guerrero.
Shrubby, the branches broadly winged; leaves oblong, 10 to 14.5 cm. long,
2.3 to 3 em. wide, acuminate, denticulate, glandular and puberulous; heads
crowded; outer phyllaries 1.7 em. long, the inner 1.2 cm.
4. Trixis mexicana Lex. in Llave & Lex. Nov. Veg. Deser. 1: 27. 1824.
Querétaro, Michoacdn, and Guerrero; type from Vallisoletum, Michoacan.
Shrubby, ‘‘scandent’’; stem broadly, branches narrowly winged; leaves short-
petioled, the blades lance-ovate or oblong-ovate, 4 to 14 em. long, denticulate,
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1639
acuminate, appressed-pilose beneath; heads loosely panicled; involucre 12 mm.
high, the outer phyllaries linear or lanceolate.
5. Trixis pterocaulis Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 8. 1904.
Known only from the type locality, Manzanillo, Colima.
Much branched; leaves sessile or short-petioled, the blades oval or elliptic-
oblong, 3 to 10 cm. long, denticulate, very sparsely pubescent beneath; heads
loosely panicled; outer phyllaries elliptic to oval-ovate.
6. Trixis longifolia D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 16: 191. 1830.
Perdicium longifolium Sessé & Moe.; D. Don, Trans. Linn: Soe. 16: 192. 1838,
as synonym.
Trixis obvallata Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 300. pl. 65. 1840.
Trixis conferta Benth. Pl. Hartw. 289. 1848.
Sonora to San Luis Potos{f and Guerrero; type from Mexico, without definite
locality.
Shrubby, 1 to 1.5 meters high, leafy; leaves lanceolate, 3 to 8 em. long, acumi-
nate, subentire or denticulate, usually conduplicate and faleate, from essentially
glabrous to somewhat appressed-villous beneath; heads numerous, crowded,
leafy-bracted; involucre 1.5 to 2.5 em. high. ‘Hierba del golpe”’ (Sinaloa);
“lobo buase”’ (Sonora); ‘‘rosilla de dos colores.”’
The flower heads are sometimes placed in the ears as a remedy for earache.
6a. Trixis longifolia sericea Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 9.
1904.
?Trizxis involucrata D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 16: 193. 1830.
Hidalgo and Michoacan; type from Tula, Hidalgo.
Similar; leaves conduplicate, densely silky-pilose beneath.
6b. Trixis longifolia platyphylla Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 9.
1904.
Guerrero; type from Acapulco.
Leaves elliptic to obovate, 5 to 10 em. long, 1.5 to 4 em. wide, entire or den-
ticulate, more or less densely silky-pubescent beneath.
7. Trixis oligantha Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 9. 1904.
Oaxaca; type from Monte Alban.
Leaves on petioles 1 cm. long or less, lance-elliptic or lanceolate, 3 to 9 cm.
long, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide, acuminate, denticulate, subsericeously tomentose-
pilose beneath; panicle broad, the heads somewhat crowded, 1.2 to 1.8 em.
high; outer phyllaries lance-elliptic or lanceolate, equaling or sometimes surpass-
ing the inner.
8. Trixis hyposericea S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 157. -1890.
Known only from the type locality, near Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Slender shrub; leaves short-petioled, the blades narrowly lanceolate or lance-
linear, attenuate, 4 to 9.5 em. long, 6 to 13 mm. wide, green above, silky-pilose
beneath; outer phyllaries linear or lanceolate, two-thirds as long as the inner or
less.
9. Trixis pringlei Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 10. 1904.
Known only from the type locality, Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca.
Leaves lanceolate, 3 to 7 cm. long, 6 to 12 mm. wide, acuminate, entire, silky-
tomentose beneath; involucre glandular-puberulent. (Description compiled.)
10. Trixis angustifolia DC. Prodr. 7: 69. 1838.
Trixis rosmarinifolia Nees, Linnaea 20: 699. 1847. 2
Durango to Aguascalientes and San Luis Potos{; type from “ Cantoue, San
Luis Potosi.
1640 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Branching shrub; leaves narrowly lanceolate to narrowly linear, 3 to 8 cm.
long, 2 to 5 (rarely 10) mm. wide, strongly revolute, acuminate, more or less
densely appressed-silky-pilose beneath; outer phyllaries lance-linear, usually
about two-thirds as long as the inner; involucre glandular-puberulous. ‘‘ Arnica’”’
(San Luis Potosi); ‘‘hierba del aire’? (Durango); ‘‘Montezuma de campo”
(Coahuila).
The plant is employed as a remedy for rheumatism
11. Trixis haenkei Schultz. Bip. in Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald. 314. 1856.
Jalisco and Puebla; type from the Sierra Madre of northwestern Mexico.
Shrub; leaves lance-oblong or lanceolate, 3 to 14 ecm. long, 1 to 4.5 ecm. wide,
entire or denticulate, green or grayish above, silky-pilose-tomentose beneath;
heads densely crowded, 1.5 to 2 em. high.
12. Trixis peninsularis Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 654. 1924.
Cape Region of Baja California; type from San José del Cabo.
Shrub; leaves short-petioled, the blades lanceolate or lance-elliptic, 4 to 8
cm. long, 8 to 20 mm. wide, acuminate, serrulate, revolute-margined, densely
silky-pilose beneath; heads 1.6 to 1.8 em. high; outer phyllaries mostly linear,
two-thirds as long as the inner or less.
13. Trixis megalophylla Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 270. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, between Sochi and Tlalkinsala, Guerrero.
Shrub; branches obscurely winged; leaves oblong-ovate or oval-oblong, the
larger 7.5 to 17 cm. Jong, 2.5 to 6 em. wide, entire or denticulate, revolute-
margined, glandular-puberulous and pilose beneath; heads 1.5 to 1.8 em. high;
outer phyllaries lanceolate or oblanceolate, about equaling or exceeding the inner.
14. Trixis nelsonii Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 41: 270. 1905.
Known only from the type locality, between San Crist6ébal and Teopisca,
Chiapas.
Leaves petioled, the blades elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 3 to 7 em. long, 1 to 3
em. wide, rugose above, densely griseous-tomentose beneath; petioles 5 to 8
mm. long; heads about 1.5 em. high, rather crowded; involucre glandular-
pubescent, the outer phyllaries mostly oblanceolate, half or two-thirds as long
as the inner.
15. Trixis rugulosa Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 10. 1904.
Michoacaén, Guanajuato, and Querétaro; type not designated.
Shrub; branches sometimes obscurely winged; leaves lanceolate, 3 to 8 cm.
long, 7 to 22 mm. wide, sparingly appressed-pilose beneath; inflorescence loose;
outer phyllaries two-thirds as long as the inner, or less.
16. Trixis californica Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 182. f. 53. 1863.
Trizis suffruticosa S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 459. 1880.
Trizis angustifolia latiuscula A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1°: 410. 1884.
Sonora to Coahuila, Zacatecas, and San Luis Potosi; Baja California and
islands; type from Cedros Island, Baja California. California to Texas.
Shrub about 1 meter high; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2.5 to 11
em. long, 0.5 to 3 em. wide, acuminate, entire or denticulate, scarcely revolute-
margined, green on both sides, beneath densely gland-dotted, otherwise nearly
or quite glabrous; heads 1.3 to 1.8 em. high; outer phyllaries linear or lance-
linear.
17. Trixis silvatica Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 12. 1904.
Oaxaca; type from the Rio Tehuantepec.
Leaves ovate-oblong, 5 to 8 cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, thin, acuminate, sharply
dentate, glandular and finely pubescent beneath; heads 2 cm. long; outer phyl-
aries equaling or exceeding the inner. (Description compiled.)
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1641
18. Trixis radialis (L.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 370. 1891.
Inula trixis L. Amoen. Acad. 5: 406. 1759.
Perdicium radiale L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1248. 1763.
Trixis inula Crantz, Inst. Herb. 1: 329. 1766.
Perdicium laevigatum Berg. Act. Holm. 88: 238. pl. 7. 1772.
Perdicitum havanense H. B. K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 4: 155. 1820.
Trixis frutescens P. Br.; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 501. 1826.
Trizis laevigata Lag.; Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 501. 1826.
Trizis havanensis Spreng. Syst. Veg. 3: 501. 1826.
Prenanthes fruticosa Willd.; Less. Linnaea 5: 33. 1830, as synonym.
Trixis glabra D. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. 16: 297. 1830.
Trixis frutescens obtusifolia Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. 414. 1832.
Trixis frutescens glabrata Less. Syn. Gen. Comp. 414. 1832.
Trixis frutescens subglabra Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 370. 1891.
Tamaulipas and Tepic, south to Yucatan and Chiapas. Guatemala to Panama;
West Indies, South America; Texas; type from Jamaica.
Much-branched shrub, the branches glabrous or somewhat pubescent; leaves
usually elliptic, varying to lanceolate or oval, 3 to 10 em. long, 1 to 3.5 em.
wide, entire or dentate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent especially on the costa
beneath; heads numerous, rather crowded, 1.5 to 2 cm. high; outer phyllaries
mostly linear or lance-linear, usually half or two-thirds as long as the inner.
““Tokaban,” ‘‘tokabal”’ (Yucatdn); ‘‘plumilla’”’ (Chiapas); ‘‘hierba del aire”
(Veracruz); ‘“‘falsa drnica’’ (Urbina); ‘Juan de calle,” ‘‘4rnica de monte,”
““chucha”’ (Colombia); ‘‘palo de Santa Maria’? (Panama); “‘diente de leén”’
(Nicaragua); ‘‘San Pedro,’ “Santo Domingo,” ‘‘tulén verde,’’ ‘‘Carmen”
(El Salvador).
The plant is used locally as a remedy for diabetes, sores, and venereal diseases.
19. Trixis wrightii Robins. & Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 40: 14. 1904.
Sinaloa and Tres Marifas Islands; type from Mazatlan.
Similar to JT. radialis; branches sometimes obscurely winged; heads 1.5 to
1.8 em. high; outer phyllaries up to 7 mm. wide.
DOUBTFUL SPECIES.
TRIXIS PIPITZAHUAC Schaffner; Herrera, Naturaleza 3: 407. 1876, nomen
nudum. This name, never published in connection with a description, probably
refers to one of the well-known species of the genus. The vernacular name is
given as “pipitzahoac,”’ and the roots are said to contain a resinous substance
used as a drastic.
112. JUNGIA L. f. Suppl. Pl. 58, 390. 1781.
1. Jungia pringlei Greenm. Field Mus. Bot. 2: 286. 1907.
Michoacan; type from Uruapan.
“Shrub 3 meters high,’ glandular-puberulous and somewhat pilose; leaves
alternate or the upper subopposite, petioled, the blades of the larger oval-ovate
or orbicular-ovate, about 12 cm. long, shallowly about 7-lobed, cordate or sub-
cordate at base, pubescent beneath like the stem and reticulate; heads numerous,
in large panicles, whitish, about 1 cm. wide; involucre nearly 1-seriate, equal,
about 7 mm. high; receptacle paleaceous; corollas all bilabiate, the outer lip
3-toothed, the inner bifid; achenes about 3 mm. long; pappus silvery-white, of
barbellate bristles 5 mm. long.
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ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
In the several years that have passed during the publication of
the various parts of this volume, there have appeared descriptions
of a rather large number of new species of Mexican trees and shrubs.
Although it is not feasible to include these in the keys to species, it
has seemed desirable to enumerate them. It has been possible to
examine authentic material of a part of the new species, and in some
cases such examination has resulted in their being recognized at
once as synonymous with earlier published species. In the case of
species described in some of the larger or more critical genera the
writer has made no attempt to determine their validity, therefore it
is not to be assumed that all the additional species listed here are
considered valid by the writer.
There are included also in this appendix additional vernacular
names gleaned from several sources. The greater part of them have
been obtained in connection with the identification of extensive
collections made in the States of Sinaloa and Nayarit by Sr. Jesis
G. Ortega. There have been accumulated a large number of ad-
ditional vernacular names as a result of recent explorations in
Central America, but it has not appeared necessary to list them here,
since they will be enumerated in a flora of Central America now in
course of preparation.
Corrections of typographical errors have been made only in the
case of a few which are not obvious. In a work of such extent some
typographical errors*are bound to occur, but most of them will be
recognized at once as such.
The number of species of Mexican trees and shrubs recognized as
valid in the present volume is approximately 5,700. There is no
doubt that this number will be greatly increased by further ex-
ploration in Mexico.
CYATHEACEAE.
Page 41. Dr. Reko states that in Chinantla, Oaxaca, Cyathea princeps is
known as ‘‘rabo de chango,” ‘‘rabo de mico,” ‘‘rabo de mono,” and “‘rabo de
machin.”
PINACEAE.
Page 51. The Nahuatl term for pine tree is ‘“o¢o-cuahuitl,”’ which is said to
signify “torch tree.’’ The following names are reported in literature for unde-
termined species of Pinus: ‘‘Tzivireni” (Michoacan, Ramirez); ‘‘pizomlab”’
a eee : : : z aah
(Huastec, Asiain); “‘tziin,’”’ ‘‘tzinkiup” (tree), “‘tzinuapk”’ (resin), “poptzin
4 Y
(Mixe, Belmar); ‘‘cueramu”’ (Tarascan, Leén); ‘“‘ocotel”’ (Popocatepetl, Gadow).
Page 54. Pinus pinceana. ‘“Pino”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 55. Pinus leiophylla. Known in Oaxaca as “‘pino gretado;’’ on Popo
catepetl as “‘tlacocote” (Gadow).
(1643)
1644. CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page 56. Pinus teocote. The Aztec name, ‘‘xal-ocotl,” signifies ‘‘sand pine; ’”’
the name ‘‘teocote,” ‘‘pine of the gods.’’ Robelo states that this name was.
given because of the fact that only the nobles were permitted to use the resin as.
incense.
Page 58. Pinus patula. The term for the cones is “huajolote”’ or ‘‘guajolote,’’
from ‘‘quaholotl,’’ ‘woody ear (of corn).’?’ The name ‘‘ocote macho”’ is said to
be applied to this species.
To the species of Pinus listed should be added the following:
Pinus muricata Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 441. 18387. A California.
species, represented in northern Baja California and on Cedros Island by var.
anthonyi Lemmon (Handb. West. Amer. Coneb. 43. 1895).
Pinus radiata Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 17: 442. 1837. A California.
species. Var. binata Lemmon (West Amer. Coneb. 42. 1895) is reported from
Guadalupe Island, Baja California.
Page 59. Abies religiosa. This tree occurs also in Sinaloa, where it is known
as ‘“‘cahuita;’’ in Guerrero it is called ‘‘hoja petate.”’ Sahagtin states that the
nobles and rich men at certain seasons of the year decorated the doors of their
dwellings with fir branches. Robelo states that when the priests sacrificed them-
selves by piercing various parts of their bodies with maguey spines, they carefully
collected the blood upon fir branches. The branches were used by the Aztecs for
making brooms, and are still employed thus in some localities.
Page 63. Cupressus benthamii. By European botanists this is regarded as a
form of C. lusitanica Mill. (Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Cupressus no. 3. 1768), or as a
synonym of that species. It is probable that the Mexican tree was carried at
an early date to Portugal (hence the specific name), where it has since been in
cultivation. It seems necessary, therefore, to adopt Miller’s misleading name for
the Mexican species. In Sinaloa the tree is known as ‘‘tdscate.”’
To the listed species of Cupressus should be added the following:
Cupressus forbesii Jepson, Madrofio 1:75. 1922. Northern Baja California
GNETACEAE. :
Page 64. Ephedra trifurca. Known in Texas as “‘cafnatilla.”’
s Pp
The following species is to be added to those listed:
Ephedra peninsularis I. M. Johnston, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 487. 1922.
Baja California, the type from Magdalena Island.
POACEAE.
Page 66. Olyra latifolia. ‘Carrizo verde” (Tabasco, Ramirez).
Page 68. Lasiacis globosa. ‘‘Carricillo”’ (Sinaloa).
Lasiacis ruscifolia. ‘‘Otatillo”’ (Sinaloa).
PHOENICACEAE.
Page 73. Washingtonia filifera. Said to be known in California as ‘‘ palmito.’”
Acanthorrhiza mocinni. ‘Palma de abanico” (Oaxaca).
Page 75. Brahea dulcis. Reko reports for this species the names
“ixhautl,”’ and ‘‘isuate.”’
Page 81. Chamaedorea lindeniana. Reko reports that a plant, perhaps of
this species, is known in Oaxaca as ‘‘cola de pescado” and “‘rabo de bobo.”
Page 82. To the species of Chamaedorea are to be added the following:
Chamaedorea pringlei 8S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 26: 157. 1891. Type
from Tamasopo Canyon, San Luis Potosi.
Chamaedorea rigida Wendl. Gard. Chron. III. 36: 246. 1904. Mexico.
““izhuate,’””
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1645
ARACEAE.
Page 85. Monstera deliciosa. ‘Paaktzatz”’ (Mixe, Belmar). The adventi-
tious roots are employed locally for making strong baskets.
Page 87. Philodendron radiatum. Occurring also in Sinaloa and known as
“cola de faisin.”” Atnother species of Philodendron, perhaps P. fenzlii, is known
in Sinaloa as ‘‘colomo.”
LILIACEAE.
Page 88. Hesperoyucca whipplei. Known in California as “quijote.”
Page 89. Samuela carnerosana. ‘‘Palma,’’ “palma de San Pedro “palma
barreta’”’ (Coahuila).
Page 91. Yucca elata. ‘‘ Palmilla’”’? (Chihuahua).
Page 92. Yuccatreculeana. ‘‘ Palma de San Juan,” “palma ceniza’’(Endlich).
Page 93. Yucca australis. ‘Datiles” (fruits), ““‘palma grande” (Coahuila).
The fiber is known as “‘ixtle de palma.’”’ The fruits are eaten raw or couked with
sugar, and pigs are said to be fond of them. The flowers also are cooked and
eaten. The names ‘‘palma china,” ‘palma de aparejo,”’ and “palma de suda-
dero”’ reported by Endlich under Yucca valida probably pertain to Y. australis.
Page 94. Yucca macrocarpa. ‘ Palma’’ (Chihuahua).
Yucca mohavensis. By the Coahuilla Indians of California the fiber of the
leaves was employed for weaving and for making sandals and saddle mats.
The green fruit was roasted over coals and eaten. The ripe fruit is sweet but
slightly astringent, and was eaten raw.
Page 100. Dasylirion cedrosanum. ‘‘Sotol’’ (Zacatecas).
SMILACACEAE,
Page 101. The Mexican and Central American species of Smilax have been
treated recently by Apt (Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 385. 1922).
Page 104. The following species of Smilax should be added to those listed:
Smilax gymnopoda Apt, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 401. 1922. Type
from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Smilax kerberi Apt, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 408. 1922. Type probably
from Veracruz.
AMARYLLIDACEAE.
Page 107. A descriptive account of the genus Agave has been published by
Berger (Die Agaven. Jena, 1915). On account of conditions resulting from the
war, this was received in the United States too late for the inclusion of the data
in the Trees and Shrubs of Mexico.
The following names are reported, relating to species of Agave whose identifica-
tion is uncertain: ‘‘Ehpuqua” (Michoacdn, Tarascan); ‘‘benal” (leaf), “boc”
(pulque), ‘‘itzi,’ ‘‘tzim’”’ (Huastec, Asiain); “keihnoo,” ‘keitz,” ‘‘keitznoo””
(pulque), ‘‘tzaktz” (Mixe, Belmar); ‘‘acamba,”’ ‘“‘atieni’’ (aguamiel), “‘orori’’
(Tarascan, Ledn); ‘“‘guada”’ (Otomi, Buelna).
Page 117. Agave karwinskii. Dr. Reko states that this species is known in
Oaxaca as “espadilla,’’ and bears the Zapotec names ‘‘bixuexe”’ and “‘toba-
siche.” It is cultivated commonly along hedges and produces a superior class
of mescal.
Page 119. Agave tequilana. Endlich reports that this furnishes ‘“‘ixtle de
Tequila,” “‘ixtle de mescal,” and “‘jarcia.” It is called also ‘‘maguey de Tequila
and ‘‘maguey mezcal.”’ ‘
Page 123. Agave potatorum. The Tarascan name ‘‘acamba”’ has been re-
ported for the species. fe
Page 126. Agave deserti. “ Mezeal”’ (California). By the Coahuilla Indians,
who call the plant ‘‘amul,” the fiber is used for cordage, bowstrings, and brushes.
1646 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
The leaves and stalks are eaten after having been cooked for one or two days
in pits in the sand. The flowers also are eaten, and are sometimes dried for use
in winter.
Page 128. Agave compluviata. This name should be placed in synonymy
under the following, the earlier name for the species:
Agave complicata Trel.; Ochoterena, Mem. Soc. Antonio Alzate 33: 100.
1913. Type from Durango.
Page 130. Agave atrovirens. Known also as ‘‘maguey de pulque” and
“‘teometl.”’
Page 133. Agave asperrima. ‘‘ Maguey bruto,”’ “maguey de cerro”’ (Ocho-
terena); ‘‘maguey”’ (Zacatecas); ‘‘maguey cenizo”’ (Coahuila).
Page 141. Agave striata. ‘‘Guapilla” (Hidalgo).
Page 142. The following species of Agave are to be added to those listed:
Agave cernua Berger, Agaven 122. f. 29, 30. 1915. Believed to be a native
of Mexico; described from cultivated plants.
Agave chrysoglossa I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 998. 1924.
Type from San Pedro Nolasco Island, Gulf of California.
Agave conjuncta Berger, Agaven 194. f. 64. 1915. Described from cul-
tivated plants, probably of Mexican origin.
Agave cupreata Trel. & Berger; Berger, Agaven 197. 1915. Type from the
Sierra Madre of Michoacin or Guerrero. ‘‘ Maguey de mezcal.”’
Agave difformis Berger, Agaven 95. f. 18. 1915. Described from culti-
vated plants, perhaps of Mexican origin.
Agave erosa Berger, Agaven 191. 1915. Described from cultivated plants,
perhaps of Mexican origin.
Agave flaccifolia Berger, Agaven 42. 1915. Described from cultivated
plants, perhaps of Mexican origin.
Agave kirchneriana Berger, Agaven 252. 1915. Type from Xochipila anu
Zumpango, Guerrero. “ Maguey delgado.”
Agave noli-tangere Berger, Agaven 103. 1915. Described from cultivated
plants, perhaps of Mexican origin.
Agave oweni I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 999. 1924. Type
from an island in Guaymas Harbor, Sonora.
Agave pampaniniana Berger, Agaven 193. f. 62. 1915. Described from
cultivated plants, perhaps of Mexican origin.
Agave paupera Berger, Agaven 235. 1915. Described from cultivated plants,
perhaps of Mexican origin.
Agave purpusorum Berger, Agaven 111. 1915. Type from Tehuacdn,
Puebla.
Agave schneideriana Berger, Agaven 256. 1915. Described from cultivated
plants of Mexican origin.
Agave sleviniana I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1000. 1924.
Type from La Paz, Baja California.
Agave vernae Berger, Agaven 245. f. 73. 1915. Described from cultivated
plants, perhaps of Mexican origin.
DIOSCOREACEAE.
Page 144. Dioscorea macrostachya. In a recent monograph of the genus
Dioscorea, Testudinaria cocolmeca is referred definitely by Knuth (in Engl.
Pflanzenreich IV. 48: 164. 1924) to synonymy under this species. The root
of the plant is a large hard tuber, partly above ground, its covering consisting
of a thick dark coat that is broken into numerous polygonal plates. Dr. Reko
has furnished the following information with regard to the plant: ‘‘Bejuco de
coraza,” ‘“cocolmecatl.”” The young fleshy asparagus-like shoots contain an
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1647
albuminous juice that is used in the preparation of pozonque, a delicious and very
nutritious refreshment, made of ground chocolate, mashed soft corn, and this
juice, beaten into a light foamy mass. The ground starchy matter of the
enormous rhizome is used as a barbasco, for stupefying fish. It probably contains
the same alkaloid, dioscorine, that has been found in other species.
PIPERACEAE.
Page 152. Piper palmeri. This has been collected also in Nayarit, where it
is called ‘‘cordoncillo.”’
Page 154. Piper hispidum. ‘Pie de guicharo,” “‘tripa de zopilote”’ (Sinaloa).
Piper leucophyllum. ‘‘Tripa de zopilote’’ (Sinaloa).
Page 155. Piper jaliscanum. ‘‘Cocolmeca” (Sinaloa).
To the list of species of Piper are to be added the following:
Piper abalienatum Trel. Amer. Journ. Bot. 8: 216. pl. 8, f. 1. 1921. Type
from Colima.
Piper aguilanum C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard Genéve 21: 318. 1920. Piper
albicaule Trel. Amer. Journ. Bot. 8: 216. pl. 8, f. 2. 1921. Type from Santa
Rosa, near Aguila, Michoacén or Guerrero. Both these names were based
upon the same collection.
Piper albidiflorum C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 309. 1920. Type
from E] Tabasal, Michoacan or Guerrero.
Piper brachypus Trel. Amer. Journ. Bot. 8: 215. pl. 6. 1921. Type from
Manzanillo, Colima.
Piper botteri C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 307. 1920. Type from
Orizaba, Veracruz.
Piper consociatum C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 317. 1920. Type
from El Muleto, Michoacén or Guerrero.
Piper diguetianum Trel. Amer. Journ. Bot. 8: 215. 1921. Type from
Jalisco.
Piper manzanilloanum C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 308. 1920.
Piper palmeri manzanilloanum C. DC.; Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1: 354.
1895. Type from Manzanillo, Colima.
Piper michelianum C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 317. 1920. Piper
mas Trel. Amer. Journ. Bot. 8: 215. pl. 7, f. 2. 1921. Type from El Muleto,
Michoacan or Guerrero.
Piper pachoanum C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 306. 1920. Type
from Pacho Forest, Veracruz.
Piper plumanum C. DC. Not. Syst. Lecomte 3: 14. 1914. Type from
Sierra de Pluma, Oaxaca.
Piper pringlei C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 312. 1920. Type from
Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Piper rosei C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 316. 1920. Piper rosei
C. DC.; Trel. Amer. Journ. Bot. 8: 215. 1921. Type from Sierra Madre near
Colomas, Sinaloa. Both species are based upon the same collections.
Piper tepicanum C. DC. Not. Syst. Lecomte 3: 44. 1914. Type from
Cerro de San Juan, Tepic.
Piper udicola C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 314. 1920. Type from
Tabasco.
Piper udimontanum C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 306. 1920.
Michoacdn and Morelos (type from Cuernavaca).
Piper velutinovarium C. DC. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 314. 1920.
Type from Puerto de Alvarado, Veracruz.
Page 156. Piper chinantlense. A synonym is Piper rovirosae C. DC. Ann.
Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 310. 1920.
57020—26——22
1648 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
LACISTEMACEAE.
Page 156. Lacistema myricoides should be placed in synonymy under the
following name: Lacistema aggregatum (Berg) Rusby, Bull. N. Y. Bot.
Gard. 4: 447. 1907. Piper aggregatum Berg, Act. Helv. 7: 131. pl. 10. 1777.
This species has been collected in Sinaloa, where it is known as “guayparin.”’
SALICACEAE.
Page 158. Populus angustifolia. The Gosiute Indians of Utah use the
young shoots of this species for basket making. A kind of honey dew produced
on the under side of the leaves by aphids is gathered and used in much the same
way as sugar.
Populus monticola. A synonym is Populus brandegeei Schneider, Ill. Handb.
Laubh. 1: 23. 1904. It is probably this species of which Clavigero writes
(Historia de la California, 1789): ‘‘The guaribo, the largest tree of California,
is so like the cottonwood [dlamo, of Spain] that at first glance it can not be dis-
tinguished; but nevertheless it is quite different in the quality of the wood, which
is very good for rafters and all kinds of construction. Unfortunately, this tree
grows only in a few rugged and almost inaccessible places, like the pines in the
southern part of the peninsula.”
Page 159. Populus dimorpha. ‘‘ Alamo,” ‘“‘chopo”’ (Sinaloa).
Populus arizonica. The Pima Indians of Arizona formerly ate the fresh catkins
of this and related species, stripping off the flowers between the teeth.
Page. 160. The following names are reported for undetermined species of
Salix: ‘‘Tocoy”’ (Huastec, Asiain); ‘‘hoo-cuy’’ (Zoque, Gonzales); ‘‘xitzo”’
(Otom{i, Buelna). By some of the North American Indians willow bark was
smoked like tobacco. The Chiricahua Indians are said to have obtained a
yellow dye from the trees, while the Pimas employed the inner bark for making
breech clouts and skirts.
Page 161. Salix humboldtiana. This and its synonyms should be placed in
synonymy under Salix chilensis Mol. (Sagg. Chil. 169. 1782), the oldest name
for the species.
9 66
Page 162. Salix tazifolia. ‘Jaray’’ (Sinaloa). The branches are used for
rough brooms, and the bark as a remedy for malaria.
JUGLANDACEAE.
Page 165. Juglans. Buelna reports the Otomi name for walnut (nogal) as
“‘ttzatehu.”? Walnut bark is said to have been employed by some of the Indians
of the United States for poisoning fish.
Page 166. Hicoria pecan. ‘‘Napacoma”’ (Villada). Villada gives the
Nahuatl name as ‘‘quauhcacoatl.”’
Page 167. After Hicoria pecan insert the following:
Hicoria diguetii (Dode) Standl. Carya diguetit Dode, Bull. Soc. Bot. France
55: 470. 1908. Described from Mexican specimens.
BETULACEAE.
Page 168. Alnus jorullensis. This species occurs also in Sinaloa, where it is
called ‘“‘alizo.’’? At Orizaba it is said to be called ‘‘ilite verde.”
Alnus arguta. ‘‘Alizo”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 169. Carpinus caroliniana. Collected also in Sinaloa.
Page 171. An elaborate monograph of the American oaks has been pub-
lished recently by Trelease (Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20. 1924). In this there are
described and illustrated many new species from Mexico.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1649
Page 197. After Quercus candicans insert the following species:
Quercus pilarius Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 44. pl. 19. 1924. Type
from Finca San Juan de las Chicharras, Tapachula, Chiapas.
Quercus toxicodendrifolia Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 48. pl. 33. 1924.
Type from Zacualtipdn, Hidalgo.
Quercus boqueronae Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 48. pl. 33. 1924.
Type from Cerro del Boquerén, Chiapas.
Quercus radlkoferiana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 49. pl. 35. 1924.
Oaxaca and adjoining states; type from Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Quercus porphyrogenita Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 51. pl. 39. 1924.
Nuevo Leén, the type from Monterrey.
Quercus substenocarpa Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 52. pl. 41. 1924.
Type from Hacienda de Tamasopo.
Quercus baldoquinae Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 53. pl. 43. 1924.
Type from Cerro Baldoquin, Michoacan.
Quercus harmsiana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 54. pl. 45. 1924.
Type from Cerro Baldoquin, Ario de Rosales, Michoacdn, at 1,800 to 2,000
meters. ‘‘Encino.”
Quercus mixtecana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 54. pl. 46. 1924.
Puebla (type from Sierra de Mixteca, San Luis) and Oaxaca.
Quercus conjungens Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 55. pl. 48. 1924.
Guanajuato (type from Acdimbaro) and Hidalgo.
Quercus cancellata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 55. pl. 49. 1924.
Puebla, the type from Sierra de Mixteca.
Quercus subspathulata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 56. pl. 52. 1924.
Type from State of Durango.
Quercus crenatifolia Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 57. pl. 52. 1924.
Type from Chiquilistlain, Jalisco.
Quercus aurantiaca Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 57. pl. 53. 1924.
_ Type collected between Agua Caliente de Huachara and Basagote, Chihuahua.
Quercus rekonis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 60. pl. 57. 1924. Type
from Apango, Oaxaca.
Quercus prinopsis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 61. pl. 58. 1924. San
Luis Potosi, the type from Pelote.
Quercus chartacea Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 61. pl. 59. 1924. Oaxaca
(type from Salomé, Cuicatlin) and Chiapas. “Encino amarillo,” “chaporro
(chaparro ?).” ; ;
Quercus centralis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 61. pl. 60. 1924. Mexico
(type from Contreras, Distrito Federal), and Puebla. “Wnecino.”
Quercus panduriformis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 62. pl. 62, 63.
1924. Michoacdn, Jalisco, and Morelos; type from El Chuen, Ario de Rosales,
Michoacdn. ‘Encino.”’ ‘“encino roble.”’
Quercus poculifer Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 64. pl. 69. 1924. Oaxaca
(type from Las Sedas) and Puebla.
Quercus haematophlebia Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 66. pl. 74. 1924.
Type from Dolores, Tepic.
Quercus barbanthera Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 68. pl. 81. 1924.
Type from Chiapas. Guatemala.
“Quercus callosa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 91. 1842. Chiapas. Guatemala (type
from Las Casillas) and Honduras.
Quercus hee Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 71. pl. 88, 89. 1924.
Type from the Sierra Madre. .
Quercus transmontana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 71. pl. 89. 1924.
Michoacan, the type from Padtzcuaro.
1650 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Quercus vellifera Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 73. pl. 90. 1924. Type
from western Mexico.
Quercus durangensis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 73. pl. 91. 1924.
Durango.
Quercus diversicolor Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 73. pl. 92-94. 1924.
Chihuahua, the type from the Sierra Madre. Arizona and New Mexico.
Quercus rhodophlebia Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 74. pl. 95-97. 1924.
Jalisco, Zacatecas (type from Plateado), and Michoacan.
Quercus ariaefolia Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 74. pl. 97. 1924. Type
from Alvdrez, San Luis Potosf.
Quercus uhdeana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 75. pl. 100. 1924. Type
perhaps from Real del Monte, Hidalgo.
Quercus alvarezensis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 76. pl. 104. 1924
Type from Alvarez, San Luis Potosi.
Quercus purpusi Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 10: 76. pl. 105. 1924. Type
from Salto de Agua, Mexico; Michoacan (?).
Quercus conglomerata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 77. pl. 106. 1924.
Mexico and Michoacdén (type from Tlalpujahua).
Quercus innuncupata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 77. pl. 108. 1924.
Michoacan, the type from Loma de Santa Maria.
Quercus revoluta Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 78. pl. 111, 112. 1924.
Puebla, the type from Honey Station.
Quercus loeseneri Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 79. pl. 110. 1924. Type
from Saltillo, Coahuila.
Quercus deserticola Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 79. pl. 113, 114. 1924.
Querétaro and Hidalgo; type from Desierto.
Quercus alveolata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 80. pl. 114. 1924. Type
from Cerro del Gavildin, Puebla.
Quercus manzanillana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 80. pl. 116. 1924.
Type from Manzanilla, near Puebla.
Quercus lecomteana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 81. pl. 115. 1924.
Type from Perote, Veracruz.
Quercus vallicola Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 81. pl. 116. 1924. Type
from Santa Fe, Valley of Mexico.
Quercus texcocana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 81. pl. 117. 1924.
Valley of Mexico, the type from Texcoco.
Quercus subtriloba Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 81. pl. 118. 1924.
Type from Hidalgo.
Quercus frutex Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 82. pl. 120. 1924. Valley
of Mexico, the type from Cuautepec.
Quercus alpescens Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 83. pl. 122. 1924. Type
from ‘‘ Mt. Kankand6.”
Quercus potosina Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 84. pl. 123-125. 1924.
Type from San Luis Potosi.
Quercus cordifolia Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 84. pl. 125. 1924.
Type from the Sierra Madre, 40 miles south of Saltillo, Coahuila.
Quercus chihuahuensis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 85. pl. 129-131.
1924. Chihuahua (type collected near the city of Chihuahua) and Sonora.
Quercus jaliscensis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 86. pl. 132. 1924.
Type collected between Colotlin and Plateado, Jalisco.
Quercus jaralensis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 86. pl. 133, 134. nae
Coahuila, the type from Jaral.
Quercus undata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. 20: 86. pl. 135. 1924. Durango,
the type from Sierra de la Candela. “Encino blanco.”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1651
Quercus infralutea Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 87. pl. 136. 1924.
Type from Sierra de Alamos, Sonora.
Quercus invaginata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 87. pl. 137, 188. 1924.
Type from Sierra de la Paila, Coahuila.
Quercus praeco Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 88. pl. 189. 1924. Type
collected between Huejuquilla and Mesquitec, Jalisco.
Quercus convallata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 88. pl. 140. 1924.
Type from Sierra de Nayarit, Huichol, Jalisco.
Quercus pallescens Trel. Mem. Amer. Acad. Sci. 20: 89. pl. 141. 1924.
Type from Bolafios, Jalisco.
Quercus sacame Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 89. pl. 142. 1924. Chi-
huahua, the type from ‘‘ Bajio de Tonachic,” Sierra Madre. “ Rojaca sacamé,”’
“encino manzano.”’ :
Quercus bipedalis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 89. pl. 143. 1924. Type
from Santa Teresa, Tepic.
Quercus depressipes Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 90. pl. 144. 1924.
Type from Sierra de la Candela, Durango. ‘Encinillo.”’
Quercus perpallida Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 91. pl. 147. 1924.
Type from Sierra de Alamos, Sonora.
Quercus opaca Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 92. pl. 148. 1924. Type
from Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo.
Quercus sebifera Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 93. pl. 149. 1924. Type
from Comitdén, Chiapas.
Quercus schenckiana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 93. pl. 150. 1924.
Type from Sierra de Mixteca near San Luis, Puebla.
Quercus ceripes Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 93. pl. 150. 1924. Type
from Cerro de Paxtla, near Tehuacdn, Puebla.
Quercus striatula Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 93. pl. 151, 152. 1924.
Durango (type from Sierra de la Candela, at 3,000 meters), Tepic, and Zacatecas.
Quercus hartmani Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 95. pl. 154. 1924.
Chihuahua, the type from Puerta de San Diego, at 2,100 meters.
Quercus undulata Torr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 2: 248. pl. 4. 1828. Chihuahua.
Southwestern United States.
Quercus sillae Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 102. pl. 171. 1924. Type
from La Silla, near Monterrey, Nuevo Le6n.
Quercus nitidissima Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 122. pl. 218. 1924.
Type from Cadereyta, Querétaro.
Quercus duraznillo Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 122. pl. 220, 221.
1924. Chihuahua (type collected between Baquiriachic and La Joya), Sonora,
and Durango. “Encino duraznillo,” “encino colorado,” “encino.”
Quercus balsequillana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 123. pl. 220. 1924.
Type from Rio Balsequillo, Chihuahua.
Quercus viminea Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 123. pl. 222. 1924. Chi-
huahua (type from Agua Caliente de Huachara) and Sonora.
Quercus bolanyosensis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 123. pl. 223, 1924.
Jalisco (type collected west of Bolafios) and Tepic.
Quercus peninsularis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 124. pl. 225. 1924.
Baja California, the type from San Pedro MaArtir.
Quercus epileuca Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 126. pl. 229. 1924.
Sonora (type from Sierra del Nacori, at 1,800 meters) and Michoacan.
Quercus campanariensis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 126. pl. 228.
1924. Type from Campanario, near Morelia, Michoacan.
1652 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Quercus incarnata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 126. pl. 229-231. 1924.
Chihuahua (type collected between Ojitos and Bocoyna, at 2,500 meters),
Durango, and Michoacan, ‘‘Encino prieto.”’
Quercus felipensis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 129. pl. 237. 1924.
Oaxaca, the type from Cerro de San Felipe, at 2,600 meters or more.
Quercus moreliana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 130. pl. 241. 1924.
Type from Campanario, Morelia, Michoacan.
Quercus errans Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 131. pl. 245. 1924. Vera-
cruz (type from Perote) and Hidalgo.
Quercus hahnii Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 131. pl. 247. 1924. Hidalgo
(type from forest of Cajalpa, near Toluca) and Distrito Federal.
Quercus esperanzae Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 132. pl. 248. 1924.
Type from Esperanza, Puebla.
Quercus orbiculata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 132. pl. 249. 1924.
Type from San Luis Potosi.
Quercus miguelitensis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 132. pl. 249. 1924.
Type from mountains of San Miguelito, San Luis Potosi.
Quercus urbani Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 60: 32. pl. 2. 1921. Type
from Michoacan or Guerrero, at 1,800 meters.
Quercus radiata Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 60: 33. pl. 3. 1921. Type
collected near Santa Teresa, Tepic.
Quercus conzattii Trel. Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. 60: 33. pl. 4. 1921. Type
from Cuesta de Huauchillo, Nochixtlin, Oaxaca, at 2,000 meters.
Quercus tepicana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 135. pl. 255. 1924. Type
from Pedro Paulo, Tepic.
Quercus pennivenia Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 135. pl. 256. 1924.
Chihuahua and Sonora; type from some unknown locality in the Sierra Madre.
Quercus aerea Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 135. pl. 257. 1924. Type
from La Bufa, Cosihuiriachic, Chihuahua.
Quercus jonesi Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 136. pl. 257. 1924. Type
from Chiquilistlin, Jalisco.
Quercus coccolobaefolia Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 136. pl. 258. 1924.
San Luis Potosi and Guanajuato (type from Santa Rosa).
Quercus planipocula Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci.-20: 136. pl. 259. 1924.
Tepic (type from foothills near Pedro Paulo) and Sinaloa.
Quercus rosei Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 137. pl. 260. 1924. Type
from Santa Teresa, Tepic.
Quercus coffeaecolor Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 137. pl. 261. 1924.
Type from foothills near Colomas, Sinaloa.
Quercus aequivenulosa Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 138. pl. 261. 1924.
Type collected near Santa Teresa, Tepic.
Quercus praineana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 138. pl. 262. 1924.
Type from mountains near Etzatlan, Jalisco.
Quercus langlassei Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 138. pl. 263. 1924.
Sinaloa to Michoacan.
Quercus chiquihuitillonis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 139. pl. 264.
1924. Michoacéin and Guerrero; type from Chiquihuitillo, at 900 meters.
Quercus productipes Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 140. pl. 264. 1924.
Type from ‘‘mountains east of S. Leonel, toward Tepic.”
Quercus exaristata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 140. pl. 266. 1924.
Type from Pedro Paulo, Tepic.
Quercus endlichiana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 141. pl. 267. 1924.
Durango (type from Sierra de la Candela) and Chihuahua. ‘Encino,’ ‘“roble,”
“rojaca,” ‘‘rocuré6.”
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1653
Quercus trinitatis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 144. pl. 277. 1924.
from Trinidad, Hidalgo.
Quercus crispifolia Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 147. pl. 286. 1924.
Type from Finca San Juan de las Chicharras, Tapachula, Chiapas.
Quercus incrassata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 147. pl. 287. 1924.
Type from Finca San Juan de las Chicharras, Tapachula, Chiapas.
Quercus botryocarpa Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 150. pl. 295. 1924.
Type from foothills near Pedro Paulo, Tepic.
Quercus synthetica Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 151. pl. 296, 297. 1924.
Type from Huatusco, Veracruz.
Quercus acapulcensis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 153. pl. 302. 1924.
Type from Acapulco, Guerrero.
Quercus tahuasalana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 154. pl. 302. 1924.
Michoacan; type from El Tahuasal. ‘Encino prieto.”’
Quercus caeruleocarpa Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 163. pl. 321. 1924.
Type from Contreras, Distrito Federal.
Quercus zempoaltepecana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 164. pl. 323.
1924. Oaxaca, the type from Mount Zempoaltepec.
Quercus cuajimalpana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 16% pl. 324. 1924.
Type from Cuajimalpa, Distrito Federal.
Quercus bourgaei Oerst.; Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 168. pl. 336. 1924.
Valley of Mexico, the type from San Nicolas.
Quercus subavenia Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 169. pl. 338. 1924.
Type from Honey Station Puebla.
Quercus hypoxantha Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 170. pl. 339. 1924.
Type from mountains near Saltillo, Coahuila, at 2,300 meters.
Quercus imbricariaefolia Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 174. pl. 348. 1924
Hidalgo (type from Real del Monte) and Mexico.
Quercus colimae Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 174. pl. 349. 1924. Type
from Cerro Grande, Jalisco. ‘Encino blanco,” ‘encino blanco chino,” “zau-
cillo,”’ ‘‘chilillo.”
Quercus malifolia Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 175. pl. 348. 1924.
Type from San Andrés Chalchicomula, Voledn de Orizaba.
Quercus obovalifolia Fourn.; Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 175. jl.
351. 1924. Type from Valley of Mexico.
Quercus axillaris Fourn.; Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 176. pl. 352.
1924. Type from San Nicolds, Valley of Mexico.
Quercus subcrispata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 176. pl. 353. 1924.
Type from Manzanilla, Puebla.
Quercus circummontana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 1
Veracruz (type from Mirador) and Michoacan.
Quercus fournieri Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 177. pl. 357. 1924.
Type from foot of Cofre de Perote, Veracruz.
Quercus serrulata Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 179. pl. 361, 1924.
Type from Chiquilistlin, Jalisco.
Quercus alamosensis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 179. pl. 361. 1924.
Type from Sierra de Alamos, Sonora.
Quercus rossii Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 179. pl. 362. 1924. Tepic
and Jalisco to Michoacdn; type from Araparicuaro, Ario de Rosales, Michoacan.
‘‘BWneino prieto,” ‘“encino colorado.”
Quercus tepoxuchilensis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 180. pl. 363.
1924. Puebla, the type from Tepoxtchil. .
Quercus simillima Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 180. pl. 363. 1924. San
Luis Potosi.
Type
77
, pl S56.
1654 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Quercus impressa Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 18}. pl..364. 1924.
Type from Salomé, Oaxaca. .
Quercus seleri Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 181. pl. 364. 1924. Type
from Casa de Tepozteco, Morelos, at 2,000 meters.
Quercus roseovenulosa Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 182. pl. 366. 1924.
Type from Salto de Agua, Mexico.
Quercus sipuraca Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 182. pl. 366. 1924.
Chihuahua, the type from ‘“Bajio de Tonachic.” ‘Siptiraca,” ‘encirfo col-
orado,” “‘encino cascalote.”
Quercus acherodophylla Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 183. pl. 367.
1924. Type from Honey Station, Puebla.
Quercus saltillensis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 183. pl. 368, 369.
1924. Type collected 40 miles south of Saltillo, Coahuila.
Quercus carnerosana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 183. pl. 369. 1924.
Type from Carneros Pass, Coahuila.
Quercus cerifera Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 184. pl. 370. 1924. Type
from Bajucua, Chiapas.
Quercus crispipilis Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 184. pl. 370. 1924.
Chiapas. Guatemala, the type from Uaxac Canal.
Quercus canbyi Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 188. pl. 379, 380. 1924.
Type from Monterrey, Nuevo Leén.
Quercus karwinskii Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 188. pl. 379. 1924.
Type from some unknown locality in Mexico.
Quercus tonaguiae Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 190. pl. 385. 1924.
Type from Tonaguia, Oaxaca.
Quercus vexans Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 190. pl. 386. 1924. Type
from Huatusco, Veracruz.
Quercus candolleana Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 191. pl. 387. 1924.
Type from Huatusco, Veracruz.
Quercus conspersa Benth. Pl. Hartw. 92. 1842. Chiapas. Guatemala,
the type from Las Casillas Mountains.
Quercus albocincta Trel. Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. 20: 193. pl. 394. 1924.
Type from Sierra de Alamos, Sonora.
ULMACEAE.
Page 201. After Celtis insert the following genus:
PHYLLOSTYLON Capanema; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 35. 1880.
1. Phyllostylon brasiliensis Capanema; Benth. & Hook. Gen. Pl. 3: 352.
1880.
Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, and Hidalgo. Cuba, Hispaniola, and South
America; type from Brazil.
A large tree whose wood is of some value. Known in Mexico as ‘‘cerén.”
MORACEAE.
Page 203. Chlorophora tinctoria. ‘‘Mora amarilla’”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 210. Ficus cotinifolia. ‘‘Tescalama,” “chipil,”’ ‘‘capulina”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 213. Fiscus goldmanii. ‘‘Salate’’ (Sinaloa).
URTICACEAE.
Page 219. Urera caracasana. ‘“Ortiguilla’”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 221. Pouzolzia nivea. ‘‘Samo el coche,” ‘‘samo prieto’’ (Sinaloa).
After Pouzolzia pringlei insert:
Pouzolzia occidentalis Wedd. Arch. Mus. Paris 9: 410. 1856. Pouzolzia,
purpusii T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 404. 1924. Chiapas
West Indies, Central America, and northern South America.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1655
LORANTHACEAE,
Page 223. Razowmofskya vaginata. “Toje” (Chihuahua); ‘“pasto de pino”’
(Chihuahua).
Page 227. Phoradendron schumanni. “ Pasto de encino”’ (Chihuahua),
Phoradendron nervosum. “Lirio,” “lirio pardsito’”’ (Veracruz)
Page 228. Phoradendron californicum. “'Toje”’ (Sinaloa),
Phoradendron ligatum. “ Pasto”’ (Chihuahua),
Page 229. Phoradendron bolleanwm. “Pasto de madrofio”’ (Chihuahua).
Phoradendron velutinum. “Liga,” “muérdago’”’ (Mexico). A decoction of
the leaves and flowers is employed as a remedy for wounds,
Page 231. Phoradendron tomentosum. “Pasto de encino”’ (Chihuahua).
Page 233. Struthanthus quercicola. “Correguela”’ (Veracruz.)
Struthanthus haenkeanus. “'Toje’’ (Sinaloa).
Page 235. Psittacanthus calyculatus. “ Lirio,’”” “lirio pardsito,” “matapalo,”’
“muérdago”’ (Veracruz).
OPILIACEAE.
Page 236. Agonandra racemosa. “Margarita” ( Sinaloa).
OLACACEAE,
Page 237. Ximenia pubescens. Reported also from Baja California.
Ximenia parviflora. ‘ Nanche’’ (Sinaloa).
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE.
Page 241. Aristolochia taliscana. ‘Guaco,” “bejuco guaco” (Sinaloa).
POLYGONACEAE.
Page 246. Coccoloba schiedeana. ‘Roble de la costa” (Sinaloa).
After Coccoloba acapulcensis insert:
Coccoloba petrophila T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 404. 1924.
Type from Camaré6n, Veracruz.
CHENOPODIACEAE,
Page 252. To the species of Atriplex add:
Atriplex hymenelytra (Torr.) 5. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 119. 1874.
Obione hymenelytra Torr. U. 8. Rep. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 129. pl. 20. 1857.
Northern Baja California. California to Arizona.
Page 253. Dondia. The name “chamiso” is reported from Sinaloa for a
species of doubtful identity.
AMARANTHACEAE.
Page 256. Chamissoa altissima. ‘ Cuaumecate barba de viejo’ (Sinaloa).
Lagrezia monosperma. ‘‘Tacote” (Colima). The species has been collected
also in Oaxaca.
Page 258. TIresine interrupta. ‘Viejos” (Sinaloa).
ALLIONIACEAE.
Page 261. Pisonia aculeata. ‘“Garabato blanco” (Nayarit). To the
synonymy of this species add: Pisonia purpusi T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif.
Publ. Bot. 10: 404. 1924.
Page 260. After Neea sphaerantha insert:
Neea chiapensis Stand]. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 16:
Mountains east of Monserrate, Chiapas.
14, 1926.
1656 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
BATIDACEAE.
Page 263. Batis maritima. ‘‘Saladilla’’ (Tamaulipas); ‘‘ vidrillo,” ‘‘chamifs’’
(Sinaloa).
PHYTOLACCACEAE.
Page 263. Stegnosperma halimifolium. ‘‘Ojo de zanate”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 264. Phaulothamnus spinescens. ‘‘Putia’’ (Sinaloa). This shrub has
been collected also in Texas, and doubtless ocecurs in northeastern Mexico.
Petiveria alliacea. ‘‘Rama del zorrillo,” ‘‘jupachumi” (Sinaloa).
Page 265. Rivina humilis. ‘‘Colorin ”’ (Sinaloa).
RANUNCULACEAE.
Page 267. Clematis drummondii. ‘Barbas de chivato”’ (Sinaloa).
MENISPERMACEAE,
Page 273. To the genus Hyperbaena the following species are to be added:
Hyperbaena ilicifolia Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 43. 1924.
Type from Cayaco, Michoacan.
Hyperbaena denticulata Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 44. 1924.
Type from Manzanillo, Colima.
LAURACEAE. ‘
Page 286. The date of Mez’s monograph of the American Lauraceae is 1889,
not 1869.
Acrodiclidium misantlae T. 8S. Brandeg. is a synonym of Ocotea veraguensis;
‘see below.
Page 290. Persea americana. For ‘“‘ahuacuahuitl’’ read ‘ahuacaquahuitl.”
The name ‘‘xinene’’ should be placed under P. schiedeana (page 289). The
name ‘‘palta”’ is said not to be in use in Colombia.
Page 291. Place as synonym under P. podadenia: Persea podadenia glabri-
ramea I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 70: 69. 1924. The type of
this variety is from Orizaba.
Page 292. Persea liebmanni. ‘‘Tepehuacate”’ (Sinaloa).
To the species of Persea add:
Persea hartmannii I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 70: 69. 1924.
Type from Batopilas, Chihuahua.
Sassafridium macrophyllum. ‘‘Laurelillo”’ (Nayarit); ““haya’”’ (Sinaloa).
Misanteca jurgensenii. ‘‘ Aguacatillo’’ (Oaxaca).
Page 294. In the synonymy of Phoebe tampicensis, for ‘‘Ocotea angustata”’
read ‘‘ Phoebe angustata.”’
Page 295. To the species of Phoebe add:
Phoebe longipes I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 70: 69. 1924.
Type from Mexico, the locality not known.
Ocotea veraguensis. To the synonymy add: Acrodiclidium misantlae T. 8.
Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 497. 1919.
Page 296. After Ocotea klotzschiana insert:
Ocotea pyramidata Blake, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 326. 1920. Type from
Zacuapan, Veracruz.
HERNANDIACEAE.
Page 298. Gyrocarpus americanus. ‘‘Jutamo”’ (Sinaloa).
After Gyrocarpus insert the following genus:
SPARATTANTHELIUM Mart. Flora 18417: Beibl. 40. 1841.
According to Hemsley, specimens of this genus were collected in southern
Mexico by Jurgensen. They may perhaps be referable to the Guatemalan
species described recently by the writer (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 51.
1924) as Sparattanthelium guatemalense.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1657
PAPAVERACEAE.
Page 300. Bocconia arborea. ‘‘Chicolate”’ (Nayarit).
CAPPARIDACEAE.
Page 303. Capparis fleruosa. ‘ Mimbre del monte,” ‘‘tablelojeca”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 304. Capparis indica. ‘Palo zapo,” ‘‘vara prieta’’ (Sinaloa).
After Capparis indica add:
Capparis mollicella Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 44. 1924. Type
from La Bajada, Nayarit. ;
Page 305. Crataeva tapia. ‘‘ Perihuete,”’ (Sinaloa) ; “trompo’’ (Guerrero).
Forchammeria. The genus has been treated recently by Standley (Journ.
Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 269-272. 1924).
Page 306. Forchammeria macrocarpa. A synonym is F. purpusii Loesener,
Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 16: 204. Dec. 31, 1919.
Forchammeria lanceolata. This is Drypetes crocea; see page 1671.
After Forchammeria lanceolata insert:
Forchammeria longifolia Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 271.
1924. Type from Pueblo Nuevo, Veracruz.
Forchammeria sessilifolia Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 272.
1924. Type from Maria Madre Island.
HYDRANGEACEAE.
Page 308. After Hydrangea oerstedii insert:
Hydrangea seemannii Riley, Kew Bull. 1924: 207. 1924. Type from the
Sierra Madre. The “Sierra Madre”’ reference under H. oerstedii pertains to
this species.
ESCALLONIACEAE.
Page 313. After Phyllonoma laticuspis insert:
Phyllonoma coriacea Riley, Kew Bull. 1924: 208. 1924. Type from the
Sierra Madre. Reported by Seemann as Dulongia acuminata H. B. K.
Page 316. Before Cunoniaceae insert the following family:
BRUNELLIACEAE. Brunellia Family.
1. BRUNELLIA Ruiz & Pav. Fl. Peruy. Chil. Prodr. 71. 1794.
1. Brunellia comocladifolia Humb. & Bonpl. Pl. Aequin. 1: 211. 1808.
Southern Mexico. Costa Rica, West Indies, and South America.
The plant described by Hooker and Arnott (Bot. Beechey Voy. 282. 1837-39)
‘from Tepie as Brunellia ? quadrilocularis is unknown to the present writer.
MALACEAE.
Page 337. Amelanchier denticulata. ‘‘Tomistlacati’’ (Guerrero). Reported
as a tree of 3 to 9 meters.
AMYGDALACEAE,
Page 343. Licania arborea, ‘‘Palo carnero”’ (Oaxaca).
KRAMERIACEAE.
Page 348. Krameria bicolor. ‘Tajuy,”’ “ouachapurillo”’ (Sinaloa).
MIMOSACEAE.
Page 351. Prosopis juliflora and its synonyms should be placed in synonymy
under the following, the proper name for the species:
Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz, U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur, Pl. Ind. Iny. Seeds
31: 85. 1914. Ceratonia chilensis Molina, Sagg. Stor. Nat. Chile 172. 1782.
1658 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page 353. For Prosopis juliflora velutina substitute Prosopis chilensis
velutina (Wooton) Standl.
For Prosopis juliflora glandulosa substitute Prosopis chilensis glandulosa.
(Torr.) Standl.
Page 354. Piptadenia constricta. ‘Iguano blanco” (Sinaloa). This species
extends also to E] Salvador, where it is known as “lengua de vaca”’ and “‘que-
bracho.”’
Page 355. Goldmania foetida. ‘‘Sicoche’’ (Sinaloa).
Page 359. Mimosa distachya. ‘‘Cuca de Arbol” (Sinaloa).
Mimosa polyantha. ‘‘Gatuiio”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 361. Mimosa albida. ‘‘Tapa vergiienza”’ (Veracruz).
Page 362. Mimosa pigra. ‘‘Coatante” (Nayarit).
Page 366. After Mimosa aculeaticarpa insert:
Mimosa chaetocarpa T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 182. 1922.
Type from Camar6én, Veracruz.
Mimosa endlichii Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 93. 1922. Type
from Rio San Juan, Chihuahua.
Page 368. Leucaena lanceolata. ‘“ Bolillo”’ (Sinaloa).
Leucaena diversifolia. ‘‘Guaje’”’ (Guerrero).
Page 373. Acacia cochliacantha. For the Mexican material referred here
the name Acacia cymbispina Sprague and Riley has been proposed (Kew Bull.
Mise. Inf. 1928: 394. 1923). The authors state that the Mexican plant is
specifically distinct from that occurring in Ecuador. The species is known in
Sinaloa also as ‘‘vinolo.”’
Page 374. Acacia macracantha. ‘“‘ Algarrobo, espina de tinto”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 375. Acacia hindsii. ‘Jarretadera”’ (Sinaloa, Nayarit).
Page 377. Acacia millefolia. ‘‘Mauto”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 378. Acacia acatlensis. ‘‘Huajillo”’ (Puebla).
Page 381. Acacia angustissima. ‘“‘Day”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 385. Calliandra anomala. This and its synonyms should be referred
to synonymy under the following:
Calliandra grandiflora (L’Hér.) Benth. Journ. Bot. Hook. 2: 139. 1840.
Mimosa grandiflora L’ Hér. Sert. Angl. 30. 1788. See Riley, Kew Bull. 1923:
397. 1923.
Page 386. Calliandra houstoniana. ‘‘Chivato grande” (Sinaloa).
Page 380. Acacia crassifolia. A synonym of this is Bauhinia lunarioides
A. Gray (see page 417).
Page 388. After Calliandra capillata insert:
Calliandra langlassei Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 87. 1921. Type
from Chichihualeo, Guerrero.
Calliandra mexicana T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 183. 1922.
Type from Remudadero, Veracruz.
Calliandra seleri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 90. 1921. Type from
Hacienda Santa Rita, near Zapaluta, Distrito de Comitén, Chiapas.
Calliandra scopulina T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 183. 1922.
Type from Camarén, Veracruz.
Calliandra socorrensis I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 70: 71.
1924. Type from Socorro Island.
Page 388. Lysiloma. Since the generic name is neuter, the species names
should have neuter endings.
Page 390. Lysiloma divaricatum. ‘‘Mauto”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 390. Albizzia occidentalis. ‘‘Trucha,” ‘‘cico” (Sinaloa).
Page 391. After Albizzia occidentalis insert:
9 66
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1659
Albizzia tomentosa (Micheli) Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 6.
1923. Pithecollobium tomentosum Micheli, Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genéve
34: 285. pl. 28. 1903. The tree occurs also in Sinaloa, where it is known as
“‘palo joso.” See page 396.
Page 393. Pithecollobium lanceolatum. ‘‘Guamichil bronco” (Sinaloa) ;
“humo cimarr6n”’ (Tamaulipas). The proper name for this species is Pithecol-
lobium ligustrinum (Jacq.) Klotzsch. The date of publication of Mimosa
ligustrina Jacq. should be 1800-1806 (see Riley, Kew Bull. 1923: 400. 1923).
Pithecollobium calostachys. ‘‘Conchi’’ (Sinaloa).
Page 395. Pithecollobium arboreum. ‘‘Cafiamazo”’ (Oaxaca). Dr. Reko
states that this species is sometimes a tree of 20 meters or more.
Page 396. Pithecollobium tortum. ‘‘Cucharo,” “palo fierro”’ (Sinaloa).
Pithecollobium tomentosum. This is Albizzia tomentosa (Micheli) Standl.; see
above.
Page 397. Pithecollobium mexicanum. ‘ Manto,’’ “rama de chivato” (Sinaloa).
After Pithecollobium mexicanum add:
Pithecollobium caesalpinioides Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37:
45. 1924. Type from El Zapote, Mazatlin, Sinaloa. ‘‘Tempisque,” ‘“guay-
pinole.”
Pithecollobium latifolium (L.) Benth. Lond. Journ. Bot. 3: 214. 1844.
Mimosa latifolia L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1310. 1759. Veracruz. Jamaica and
Central and South America.
Pithecollobium leucospermum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10:
182. 1922. Type from Camarén, Veracruz.
Pithecollobium paniculatum Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 462.
1922. Type from San Gerénimo, Oaxaca.
Pithecollobium pulchellum Pittier, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 20: 462. 1922.
Sinaloa, the type from Culiacdn.
Page 399. Inga xalapensis. ‘‘ Juaquiniquil’’ (Nayarit).
After Inga spuria insert:
Inga brevipedicellata Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 19: 62. 1923. Type
from Mirador, Veracruz.
Inga endlichii Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 19: 63. 1923. Type from
Jalapa, Veracruz.
Inga latibracteata Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 19: 64. 1923. Type
from Jalapa, Veracruz.
Inga oophylla Riley, Kew Bull. 1923: 401. 1923. Type from Ignacio,
Sinaloa.
Inga sciadodendron Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 19: 62. 1923. Type
from Mirador, Veracruz.
Inga zacuapanica Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 19: 63. 1923. Type
from Zacuapan, Veracruz. .
CAESALPINIACEAE.
Page 405. Cassia ornithopoides and its synonym should be referred to syno-
nymy under the oldest name for the species: Cassia uniflora Mill. Gard. Dict.
ed. 8. Cassia no. 5. 1768.
Page 407. Cassia bicapsularis. “‘Vicho”’ (Nayarit).
Page 409. Cassia biflora. ‘‘Viche” (Sinaloa).
Cassia wislizeni. ‘‘Palo prieto,” ‘‘pinacatillo’”’ (Durango).
Page 410. Cassia atomaria. “Mora hedionda”’ (Sinaloa).
Cassia emarginata. ‘‘Retama” (Tamaulipas) ; ‘‘viche”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 412. Poeppigia procera. ‘‘Hoja menuda”’ (Guerrero).
1660 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page 415. Bauhinialongiflora. The older name for this species is B. chlorantha.
T. S. Brandeg., of which B. longiflora is a synonym.
Page 417. Bauhinia lunarioides. This is to be referred to synonymy under
Acacia crassifolia A. Gray (page 380).
Page 418. Bauhinia divaricata. ‘‘Pie de cabra’’ (Oaxaca); ‘“‘pata de cabro’’
(Veracruz).
After Bauhinia latifolia insert:
Bauhinia jucunda T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 326. 1920.
Type from Barranca de Panoaya, Veracruz.
Bauhinia peninsularis T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 183. 1922.
Type from Peseadero, Baja California.
Page 423. Caesalpinia cacalaco. ‘‘Guachalala,’’ ‘‘huisache bola’’ (Sinaloa).
The wood gives a good quality of charcoal. The bark is employed as a remedy
for toothache. The pods are used for dyeing, and the seeds are said to be eaten..
Page 424. Caesalpinia platyloba. ‘‘Quebracha,” ‘‘arellano,’’ ‘palo colo-
rado”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 425. Caesalpinia gilliesii. ‘‘Tabachin’’ (Coahuila); ‘‘mal de ojo’”
(Sonora).
Page 426. Caesalpinia palmeri. ‘Palo piojo”’ (Sinaloa).
Caesalpinia mexicana. ‘‘Guajillo’’ (Nayarit); ‘viche’”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 427. After Caesalpinia yucatanensis insert:
Caesalpinia ortegae Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 6. 1923.
Type from Sinaloa.
Delonix regia. ‘‘ Acacia’’ (Guerrero).
Conzattia multiflora. ‘‘Zopilote’’ (Puebla); ‘‘drbol de dguila’’ (Oaxaca).
Page 428. Parkinsonia aculeata. ‘‘ Bagote’’ (Sonora); ‘‘cacaporo’’ (Sinaloa).
Parkinsonia microphylla. This Has been transferred recently to the genus
Cercidium (see below).
Page 429. After Cercidium plurifoliolatum insert:
Cercidium macrum I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 70: 64. 1924.
Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leén.
Cercidium microphyllum (Torr.) Rose & Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb.
n. ser. 70: 66. 1924. Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. See page 428.
Cercidium molle I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1038. 1924.
Type from Agua Verde Bay, Baja California.
Cercidium sonorae I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 70: 66. 1924.
Sonora, the type from Guaymas.
FABACEAE.
Page 433. Tounatea simplex. ‘ Limoncillo”’ (Nayarit).
Page 435. Sophora tomentosa. This species has been collected also in Tamau-
lipas.
Page 436. For Ormosia and the specific citation substitute the following:
DUSSIA Krug & Urb. in Duss, Légum. Martinique 11. 1891.
1. Dussia mexicana (Standl.) Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 19: 294. 1924
Ormosia mexicana Standl. Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 23: 436. 1922.
Page 437. Crotalaria longirostrata. ‘‘Garbancillo,” ‘‘tronador”’ (Sinaloa).
_ Page 438. Crotalaria maypurensis. ‘‘Chipilin’’ (Oaxaca).
After Crotalaria anargyroides insert:
Crotalaria polyphylla Riley, Kew Bull. 1923: 333. 1923. Type from the
Sierra Madre.
Page 439. Indigofera ornithopodioides. This and its synonyms should be
referred to synonymy under the following name: Indigofera miniata Ortega,
Hort. Matr. Dec. 98. 1798.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1661
Indigofera lespedezioides. A synonym of this species is Indigofera acasonicae
T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. '7: 326. 1920. .
Page 440. Indigofera suffruticosa. Indigofera truzillensis H. B. K. (Nov.
Gen. & Sp. 6: 456. 1823), reported by Rydberg from Mexico, is scarcely distinct
from I. suffruticosa.
Page 441. The genus Indigofera has been treated recently by Rydberg (N.
Amer. Fl. 24: 137-153. 1923), and numerous new species have been described
from Mexico. The following should be inserted after Indigofera thibaudiana:
Indigofera argentata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 143. 1923. Coahuila, the
type from Sabinas. Western Texas.
Indigofera brevipes (S. Wats.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 143. 1923. Indigo-
fera leptosepala brevipes S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 342. 1882. Chihuahua
to Durango and San Luis Potosi; type from San Rafael Mountains, San Luis
Potosi. Southern Texas.
Indigofera constricta Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 145. 1923. A new name for
I. torulosa Hook. & Arn. 1836, not J. torulosa E. Meyer, 1836. On page 440 the
former is referred wrongly to synonymy under J. mucronata. Tepic and Guer-
rero, the type from Tepic.
Indigofera discolor Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 147. 1923. Sinaloa, the type
from Lodiego; Veracruz.
Indigofera hartwegii Rydb. N. Amer. Fl]. 24: 144. 1923. A new name for
I. mexicana Benth. 1848, not I. mexicana L. f. 1781. On page 439 the former
name is referred to synonymy under J. ornithopodioides.
Indigofera laevis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 144. 1923. Type from Guaymas,
Sonora.
Indigofera lancifolia Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 147. 1923. Type from
Acapulco, Guerrero.
Indigofera langlassei Rydb. N. Amer. FI. 24: 147. 1923. Sinaloa to Guer-
rero; type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacdn or Guerrero.
Indigofera nana Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 148. 1923. Type from Punguato,
near Morelia, Michoacan.
Indigofera nelsonii Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 150. 1923. Sonora and Baja
California; type collected between La Laguna and El Paraiso, Baja California.
Perhaps synonymous with this is 7. argentata I. M. Johnston (Proc. Calif. Acad.
IV. 12: 1043. 1924, not I. argentata Rydb. 1923), described from Ceralbo Island,
Baja California.
Indigofera pueblensis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 150. 1923. Type from
Cerro de la Yerba, San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Indigofera purpusi T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 499. 1919.
Veracruz, Mexico, and Oaxaca; type from Barranca de Tenampa, Veracruz.
Indigofera rosei Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 145. 1923. Zacatecas and Puebla;
type from San Juan Capistrano, Zacatecas.
Indigofera sphenoides Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 142. 1923. Type from
San Dieguito, San Luis Potosi.
Page 454. Parosela diffusa. ‘“‘ Escoba”’ (Morelos); ‘‘escoba colorada”’
(Sinaloa).
Page 455. Parosela zimapanica. ‘“‘Hierba hedionda”’ (Oaxaca).
Page 458. Parosela greggit. “Orégano cimarr6én (Coahuila, Endlich).
Probably an erroneous name.
Page 459. Parosela wislizeni, “ Mariola”’ (Chihuahua, Endlich).
Page 460. Parosela megacarpa. To the synonymy add: Errazurizia mega-
carpa I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1042. 1924.
Page 463. Parosela seemanni. “ Engorda cabra”’ (Zacatecas).
Page 464. Parosela dorycnoides. ‘‘Engorda cabra”’ (Durango).
1662 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page 465. After Parosela decora insert:
Parosela arsenei Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 65: 21. 1922. Type
from Morelia, Michoacan.
Parosela caeciliae (Harms) Standl. Dalea caeciliae Harms, Verh. Bot. Ver.
Brandenb. 56: 87. 1923. Type from Cerro del Pueblo Viejo, Distrito de
Teposcolula, Oaxaca.
Parosela loeseneriana (Harms) Standl. Dalea loeseneriana Harms. Verh.
Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 56: 88. 1923. Type from El Paridn, Oaxaca.
Parosela longeracemosa T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 184.
1922. Type from Minas de San Rafael, San Luis Potosi.
Page 466. Brongniartia. The genus has been monographed by Rydberg
(N. Amer. Fl]. 24: 186-197. 1923).
Page 467. Brongniartia podalyrioides. ‘‘Hierba de la vibora’’ (Sinaloa).
To the synonyms of this species add: Astragalus frutescens Kunth, Ind. Sem.
Hort. Berol. 1845: 12. 1845. Brongniartia bilabiata Micheli, listed as a synonym
of B. podalyrioides, is recognized by Rydberg as a distinct species, known only
from the type locality, Rio San Luis, Michoacdn or Guerrero.
Page 468. Brongniartia lasiocarpa. According to Rydberg this is a synonym
of Brongniartia oligosperma Baill. (Adansonia 9: 240. 1870), listed on page
470 among the doubtful species as ‘‘ B. oligospermoides.”’
Page 469. Brongniartia intermedia. ‘‘Hierba de la vibora.’’ (Sinaloa.)
After Brongniartia intermedia insert:
Brongniartia caeciliae Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 95. 1922.
Type collected between Chicapa and Izhuatdn, Juchitén, Oaxaca.
Brongniartia seleri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 18: 95. 1922. Type
from Mitla, Oaxaca.
Brongniartia paniculata Rose; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 189. 1923. Type
from Cuernavaca, Morelos.
Brongniartia pauciflora Rose; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 191. 1923. Type
from Rio Quintepec, Distrito de Cuicatl4n, Oaxaca.
Brongniartia alamosana Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 192. 1923. Type from
Alamos, Sonora.
Brongniartia strigillosa Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 192. 1923. Type from
Acaponeta, Tepic.
Brongniartia canescens (S. Wats.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 193. 1923.
B. minutifolia canescens 5. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 23: 271. 1888. Type
from Ortiz, Chihuahua.
Brongniartia angustata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 194. 1923. Michoacan,
Puebla, and Oaxaca; type collected between Mitla and Oaxaca.
Brongniartia argentea Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 195. 1923. Type from
Distrito de Miahuatlin, Oaxaca.
Brongniartia hirsuta Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 194. 1923. Querétaro, the
type from Hacienda Ciervo.
Brongniartia pringlei Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 195. 1923. Mexico,
Querétaro, and Hidalgo; type from Tultenango, Mexico.
Page 470. Cracca. The genus has been monographed by Rydberg (N.
Amer. Fl. 24: 157-183. 1923.)
Page 473. Cracca tepicana. Also in Sinaloa. ‘ Frijolillo.”’
_ Page 473. Cracca toxicaria. The plant described under this name is Cracca
arcuata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 166. 1923. Type from Maria Madre Island,
Tepic. Cracca multifolia Rose is treated by Rydberg as a distinct species,
known only from Tepic.
Page 474. Cracca schiedeana. This name is a synonym of Cracca toxicaria
(Swartz) Kuntze. See page 473 for synonymy.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1663
Page 475. After Cracca palmeri insert:
Cracea californica Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 176. 1923. Type from Mesa
Verde, Baja California.
Cracca calva Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 161. 1923. Jalisco, the type from
the barranca near Guadalajara.
Cracca cathartica (Sessé & Moc.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 180. 1923.
Galega cathartica Sessé & Moc. Fl. Mex. ed. 2. 175. 1894; Cracca schottii Vail,
Bull. Torrey Club 22: 25. 1895. Yucatén. Honduras, Colombia, and West
Indies; type from Porto Rico.
Cracca conzattii Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 162. 1923. Type from Las Sedas,
Oaxaca.
Cracca foliolosa Rydb. N. Amer. FI. 24: 162. 1923. Type from Culiacin,
Sinaloa.
Cracca roseana Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 164, 1923. Durango and Querétaro;
type from Hacienda Ciervo, Querétaro.
Cracca rusbyi Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 181. 1923. Type from Santa Ca-
tarina, Oaxaca.
Cracca thurberi (A. Gray) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 165. 1923. Tephrosia
thurberi A. Gray; Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 165. 1923, as synonym; Tephrosia
leucantha acuta Jones, Contr. West. Bot. 12: 7. 1906. Chihuahua and Sonora;
type from Mububi, Sonora. Arizona.
Cracca velutina Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 171. 1923. Tepic, the type from
Zopilote.
The following plants, described as species of Tephrosia, are not transferred
here to the genus Cracca, since it is not improbable that they may be synonymous
with some of the species of Cracca described by Rydberg in 1923.
Tephrosia albida T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 406. 1924.
Type collected between Tuxtla Gutiérrez and Jalisco, Chiapas.
Tephrosia hypoleuca Riley, Kew Bull. 1923: 339. 1923. Type from the
Sierra Madre.
Tephrosia pachypoda Riley, Kew Bull. 1923: 340. 1923. Type from the
Sierra Madre.
Page 475. Robinia neomexicana. The tree listed under this name is referred
by Rydberg (N. Amer. Fl. 24: 226. 1924) to a segregate: Robinia luxurians
(Dieck) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 226. 1924. R. neomexicana luxurians Dieck;
Goeze, Gard. Chron. III. 12: 669. 1892.
Page 476. Robinia ehrenbergii is Gliricidia ehrenbergii (Schlecht.) Rydb.
See page 1665).
Robinia melanocarpa is Lennea melanocarpa (Schlecht.) Vatke. See page 1665.
Daubentonia. The synonymy of the plant described here should be placed
under Seshan longifolia (see below). The genus Daubentonia is represented in
Mexico by the following species:
Daubentonia drummondii Rydb. Amer. Journ. Bot. 10: 498. 1923. San
Luis Potosi. Southern United States, the type from Texas.
Daubentonia virgata (Cav.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 208. 1924. Aeschy-
nomene virgata Cav. Icon. Pl. 3: 47. 1794. This species is known only from
Mexico. ¥
Sesban. The genus has been treated by Rydberg (N. Amer. Fl. 24: 202-205.
1924). d i
Sesban mexicana. The proper name for the plant described here under this
name is Sesban longifolia (Cav.) DC. The name Sesban mexicana is @ synonym
of S. longifolia.
57020—26——23
1664 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page 477. Sesban macrocarpa. ‘“Curi’’ (Sinaloa). The plant listed under
this name is Sesban sonorae Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 205. 1924. The names
Aeschynomene picta and Sesban picta relate to a species not known from Mexico,
although they have often been applied to this Mexican species.
After Sesban macrocarpa insert:
Sesban bispinosa (Jacq.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 203. 1924. Aeschy-
nomene bispinosa Jacq. Icon. Pl. Rar. 3: 13. 1793. Southern Mexico. West
Indies and Old World tr6pics.
Benthamantha. The genus has been treated by Rydberg (N. Amer. Fl. 24:
243-249. 1924), who recognizes a large number of Mexican species, most of
which seem to be based upon characters of slight specific value.
After Benthamantha mollis insert:
Benthamantha brandegei Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 246. 1924. Baja
California and Sonora to Guerrero and Morelos; type from Cape Region moun-
tains of Baja California. Reported also from Costa Rica.
Benthamantha chiapensis Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 244. 1924. Type
from Jalisco, Chiapas.
Benthamantha glabella (A. Gray) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 247. 1924.
Cracca edwardsii glabella A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 201. 1882. Sonora
and Chihuahua to Durango. Southern Arizona.
Benthamantha microphylla Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 244. 1924. Type
from Rio Coajaguillo, Michoacan or Guerrero.
Benthamantha painteri Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 246. 1924. Durango and
Jalisco; type from Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Benthamantha robusta Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 247. 1924. Type from
Iguala Canyon, Guerrero.
Benthamantha trifoliolata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 247. 1924. Guerrero
and Puebla; type from Tehuacdn, Puebla.
Benthamantha wrightii Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 246. 1924. Sonora, the
type collected between San Pedro and the Sonoita. Arizona.
Before Diphysa insert the following genus:
COLUTIA Medic. Vorles. Churpf. Phys. Ges. 2: 366. 1787.
1. Colutia frutescens (L.) Medic. Phil. Bot. 1: 210. 1789.
Colutea frutescens L. Sp. Pl. 728. 1753.
Sutherlandia frutescens R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4: 327. 1812.
A native of South Africa, a shrub or tree with handsome red flowers. It is
cultivated in Mexico and in some places has become naturalized. Specimens
have been reported from Hidalgo, Morelos, Zacatecas, and Coahuila.
Diphysa. The genus has been monographed by Rydberg (N. Amer. Fl. 24:
209-215. 1924).
Diphysa racemosa. ‘‘Guiloche”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 479. Diphysa occidentalis. ‘‘Guiloche’”’ (Sinaloa).
After Diphysa occidentalis insert:
Diphysa carthagenensis Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 28. 1760. Reported by
Rydberg from Yucatdén. Colombia and Venezuela, the type from Cartagena,
Colombia.
Diphysa microphylla Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 213. 1924. Tamaulipas and
Nuevo Leon, the type from Victoria, Tamaulipas.
Diphysa puberulenta Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 214. 1924. Sinaloa to
Guerrero; type from Acaponeta, Tepic.
Diphysa punctata Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 211. 1924. Type from Cuer-
navaca, Morelos.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1665
Diphysa spinosa Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 213. 1924. Yucatdn and Chiapas
(type from Canjob). Guatemala.
Diphysa villosa Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 214. 1924, Type from Yautepec,
Morelos.
Page 480. Lennea robinioides. This name is to be referred as a synonym to
the following:
Lennea melanocarpa (Schlecht.) Vatke; Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde
19: 68. 1923. Robinia melanocarpa Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 305. 1838.
Page 481. Coursetia glandulosa. ‘‘Chino” (Sinaloa).
Coursetia virgata, listed as a doubtful species, is Daubentonia virgata (see
page 1663).
After Coursetia madrensis insert:
Coursetia seleri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 19: 14. 1923. (C. seleri
caeciliae Harms, loc. cit. Oaxaca, the type from Totolapam, Distrito de Yau-
tepec.
Olneya tesota. ‘Palo tinta”’ (Baja California).
Page 482. Gliricidia sepium. ‘‘Cocoite’’ (Oaxaca).
Page 483. After Gliricidia sepium insert:
Gliricidia ehrenbergii (Schlecht.) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl: 24: 239. 1924.
Robinia ehrenbergii Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 303. 1838; Hybosema ehrenbergii
Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 19: 66. 1923. Hidalgo, Oaxaca, and Chiapas;
type from Grande, Hidalgo.
Page 484. Hesperothamnus. The genus has been monographed by Rydberg
(N. Amer. Fl. 24: 235-237. 1924).
Hesperothamnus grandis. This name is to be referred to synonymy under
the following:
Hesperothamnus purpusi (Harms) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 236. 1924.
Selerothamnus purpust Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 326. 1921. Type
from El Riejo, Puebla.
After Hesperothamnus grandis insert:
Hesperothamnus pentaphyllus (Harms) Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 236.
1924. Selerothamnus pentaphyllus Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 325.
1921. Oaxaca and Puebla; type from Salomé, Oaxaca.
Hesperothamnus brachycalyx Rydb. N. Amer. Fl. 24: 237. 1924. Type
collected near Dominguillo, Oaxaca.
Hesperothamnus ehrenbergii (Harms) Rydb. N. Amer. FI. 24: 237. 1924.
Selerothamnus ehrenbergii Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 326. 1921. Type
from Mestitlin (Hidalgo?).
Page 487. Meibomia cinerea. ‘‘Pegajoso”’ (Sinaloa); “ramoncillo’”’ (Nay-
arit).
After Meibomia amplifolia insert:
Meibomia bella Blake, Bot. Gaz. 78: 282. 1924. Morelos (type from
Cuernavaca) and Michoacan.
Meibomia dasyacra Blake, Bot. Gaz. 78: 287. 1924. Type from mountains
near Talpa, Jalisco.
Meibomia hemsleyana Schindler, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 20: 138. 1924,
Chiapas (type locality) and Oaxaca. Guatemala.
Meibomia karwinskii Schindler, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 20: 146. 1924.
Type from some unknown locality in Mexico.
“Meibomia langlasseana Schindler, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 20: 147. 1924.
Type from Monte de la Pasuacareta, Michoacan or Guerrero. ‘“‘ Escobilla.”’
“Meibomia micheliana Schindler, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 20: 139. 1924.
Type from the Sierra Madre of Michoacan or Guerrero. Guatemala.
1666 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Meibomia pulchra Schindler, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 20: 145. 1924.
Type from El Ocote, Michoacén or Guerrero.
Meibomia pycnantha Blake, Bot. Gaz. 78: 271. 1924. Type from Cuerna-
vaca, Morelos; Mexico.
Meibomia sumichrastii Schindler, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 20: 138. 1924.
Michoacdn, Guerrero, and Oaxaca.
Meibomia tephrophylla Blake, Bot. Gaz. 78: 274. 1924. Type from
barranca of Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Page 494. . Canavalia. The genus has been treated recently by Piper (Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 555-588. 1925).
Page 495. After Canavalia hirsuta insert:
Canavalia palmeri (Piper) Standl. Wenderothia palmeri Piper, Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 580. 1925. Michoacan to Chiapas; type from Acapulco.
Page 496. After Eriosema pulchellum add:
Eriosema nigropunctatum T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 327.
1920. Type from Palmilla, near Zacuapan, Veracruz.
Page 497. Dolicholus longeracemosus. ‘“‘ Piule’’ (Oaxaca).
Page 501. Erythrina americana. “ Pipal,’’ ‘‘tzompanquanitl’’ (Chiapas).
Page 506. Andira jamaicensis. Omit A. jamaicensis and Geoffraea jamai-
censis. The proper name for the species is Andira inermis (Swartz) H. B. K.
‘‘Cuartololoti’’ (Guerrero).
Amerimnon. See Pittier, On the species of Dalbergia of Mexico and Central
America, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 12: 54-64. 1922.
Page 507. Amerimnon granadillo. A synonym is Dalbergia granadillo
Pittier, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 12: 62. 1922.
Page 508. Before Plerocarpus insert:
Amerimnon cibix (Pittier) Standl. Dalbergia cibix Pittier, Journ. Washing-
ton Acad. Sci. 12:59. 1922. Typefrom Yaxcaba, Yucatdin. ‘‘Cibix,’’ “kuxub-
tooch”’ (Maya).
Amerimnon congestiflorum (Pittier) Standl. Dalbergia congestiflora
Pittier, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 12: 57. 1922. Type from Cuernavaca,
Morelos.
Amerimnon mexicanum (Pittier) Standl. Dalbergia mexicana Pittier,
Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 12: 59. 1922. Type from Mexico, the locality
not known.
Amerimnon tabascanum (Pittier) Standl. Dalbergia tabascana Pittier,
Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 12: 58. 1922. Type from Mayito, Tabasco.
Page 508. Plerocarpus acapulcensis. ‘‘Granadillo,” ‘‘palo de rosa’’ (Guer-
rere).
Page 509. Machaerium. The genus has been treated by Pittier (Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 467-477. 1922).
Machaerium biovulatum. A synonym is Machaerium langlassei Micheli;
Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 473. 1922. The species occurs in Nayarit,
where it is called ‘‘cuamecate prieto.’’
Page 510. After Machaerium riparium insert:
Machaerium acanthothyrsus Pittier, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 20: 473.
1922. Type collected between Hacienda del Capricho, Guerrero, and Llano
Grande, Oaxaca.
Machaerium chiapense T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 405.
1924. Type collected between Tuxtla Gutiérrez and Jalisco, Chiapas.
Machaerium marginatum Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 14:
95. 1924. Oaxaca. El Salvador (type from San Vicente) and Panama. ‘Una
de gato”’ (Oaxaca); ‘‘sangre bravo”’ (El Salvador).
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1667
Machaerium setulosum Pittier, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 20: 477. 1922.
Veracruz, the type from Zacuapan. Guatemala.
Page 511. Ichthyomethia americana. “Alejo” (Guerrero).
Page 513. Lonchocarpus megalanthus. “Jumay’’ (Sinaloa).
Lonchocarpus lanceolatus. ‘Talistillo”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 515. Lonchocarpus eriocarinalis. “ Margarita” (Colima). Leaves said
to be employed as a remedy for fevers.
After Lonchocar pus jaliscensis insert:
Lonchocarpus argyrotrichus Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 320. 1921.
Type from Taxmalac, Distrito de Hidalgo, Guerrero.
Lonchocarpus dumetorum T. 8S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 181.
1922. Type from Remudadero, Veracruz.
Lonchocarpus fuscopurpureus T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10:
405. 1924. Type from Remudadero, Veracruz.
Lonchocarpus galeottianus Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 322.
1921. Type from Hacienda de la Concepcién, Oaxaca.
Lonchocarpus kerberi Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 322. 1921. Type
from Voledn de Colima.
Lonchocarpus malacotrichus Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 323.
1921. Type from some unknown locality in Mexico.
Lonchocarpus seleri Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 324. 1921. Type
from Rincén de los Tenates, Distrito de Tuxtla, Veracruz.
Lonchocarpus schiedeanus (Schlecht.) Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17:
324. 1921. Robinia schiedeana Schlecht. Linnaea 12: 306. 1838. Type col-
lected between Veracruz and Santa Fe.
Lonchocarpus stenodon Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 324. 1921.
Type from Pinotepa, Chinantla, Oaxaca.
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE.
Page 521. After Fagonia rose insert:
Fagonia densa I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. 1V. 12: 1052. 1924. Type
from South San Lorenzo Island, Gulf of California.
Page 524. Viscainoa geniculata. To the synonymy add: Vicainoa geniculata
pinnata I. M. Johnston, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 439. 1922.
RUTACEAE.
Page 527. Casimiroa watsonii. Also in Sinaloa, where it is called “‘zapote.”
Page 530. After Amyris thyrsiflora insert:
Amyris conzattii Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 6. 1923. Type
from Los Sabinos, between Juchatengo and Santa Ana, Oaxaca.
Page 535. After Zanthoxylum microcarpum insert:
Zanthoxylum tenuipes Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 16: 15.
1926. Mountains east of Monserrate, Chiapas.
Page 536. Under No. 5, for “Zanthorylum fagara”’ etc., read: Esenbeckia
pentaphylla (Macfad.) Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 135. 1859.
SIMAROUBACEAE.
Page 542. Before Burseraceae insert the following genus of Simaroubaceae:
PICRASMA Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 247. 1825.
1. Picrasma mexicana T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 410. 1924.
Type from Remudadero, Veracruz. Not seen by the writer.
1668 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
BURSERACEAE.
Page 548. Elaphrium bipinnatum. ‘‘Copal de la Virgen’ (Sinaloa). To the
synonymy add: Bursera stenophylla Sprague & Riley, Kew Bull. 1923: 169. 1923.
Page 549. Elaphrium odoratum. To the synonymy add: Bursera loncho-
phylla Sprague & Riley, Kew Bull. 1923: 168. 1923.
Elaphrium penicillatum. ‘‘Copal’’ (Sinaloa).
Page 552. Elaphrium excelsum. To the synonymy add: Bursera acutidens
Sprague & Riley, Kew Bull. 1923: 169. 1923; Bursera sphaerocarpa Sprague &
Riley, op. cit. 170. 1923.
MELIACEAE.
Page 554. Trichilia. In the generic description, for ‘‘ Leaves abruptly pin-
nate, rarely odd-pinnate,’”’ read ‘‘ Leaves odd-pinnate, rarely abruptly pinnate.”
Trichilia havanensis. ‘‘Zapotillo’’ (Tamaulipas).
Page 555. Trichilia hirta. “Jumay,’’ “palo colorado chico,’ ‘‘azuica”’
(Sinaloa).
Page 560. Swietenia humilis. ‘Palo zopilote’’ (Oaxaca).
MALPIGHIACEAE.
Page 568. After Bunchosia gracilis add:
Bunchosia monticola T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 410. 1924.
Type from Hacienda Montserrate, Chiapas.
Page 572. Tetrapteris mexicana. ‘‘ Bejuco hueso”’ (Sinaloa).
After Hiraea velutina add:
Hiraea obovata Niedenzu, Hiraea 7. 1906. Hiraea purpusii T. 8. Brandeg.
Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 184. 1922. Veracruz. Central America, the type
from Costa Rica.
Hiraea polycarpa (T. S. Brandeg.) Standl. Mascagnia polycarpa T. S.
Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 409. 1924. Type from Remudadero,
Veracruz; also in Oaxaca.
Page 576. Banisteria laurifolia. ‘‘Compio’’ (Nayarit).
Page 577. Banisteria pallida. To the synonymy add: Banisteria nemorum
T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 410. 1924.
Page 578. Before Polygalaceae insert the following family:
VOCHYACEAE. Vochya Family.
1. VOCHYA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 18. 1775.
1. Vochya tabascana (Sprague) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 25: 302. 1924.
Vochisia parviflora Villada, Naturaleza II. 3: 681. 1903. Not V. parviflora
Spruce, 1875.
Vochisia tabascana Sprague, Kew Bull. 1922: 183. 1922.
Type collected between Atasta and La Tejeria, Tabasco.
POLYGALACEAE.,
Page 588. Polygala appressipilis. A synonym of this is Polygala sinaloensis
Riley, Kew Bull. 1923: 108. 1923.
Page 594. Securidaca diversifolia. ‘‘Cuaumecate frijolillo”’ (Nayarit).
EUPHORBIACEAE.
Page 601. Euphorbia californica. ‘“‘Zipehui’’ (Sinaloa).
Page 602. Huphorbia schlechtendalii. ‘‘Tencuanete’’ (Sinaloa).
Page 604. Euphorbia plicata. ‘‘Jumete,’’ ‘“candelilla de palo’’ (Sinaloa).
Page 607. After Pedilanthus rubescens add:
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1669
Pedilanthus petraeus T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 411. 1924.
Type from the State of Veracruz.
Page 610. Phyllanthus acuminatus. This name and its synonym should be
placed in synonymy under the following, the proper name for the species: Phyl-
lanthus conami Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 28. 1788.
Page 610. After Astrocasia phyllanthoides insert:
Astrocasia populifolia I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 68: 84.
1923. This was based on the same collections as Jatropha cercidiphylla Standl.
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 639. 1923). The latter name has priority of
publication. The plant can scarcely be a species of Jatropha, but its reference
to Astrocasia is equally doubtful, and it seems probable, as suggested by Johnston,
that it may represent a distinct and new genus.
Page 613. Croton glabellus. This has been collected also in the State of
Nayarit.
Page 617. Croton ciliato-glandulosus. ‘‘Trucha’’ (Sinaloa).
Page 620. Croton morifolius. ‘‘Ocotillo,” “vara blanca” (Sinaloa).
After Croton morifolius insert:
Croton sitiens T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 185. 1922. Type
from Remudadero, Veracruz.
Page 624. Acalypha. The genus has been monographed by Pax and Hoff-
mann (in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147. xvi).
Page 627. Acalypha schlechtendaliana. A synonym is Acalypha filiformis
Schlecht. Linnaea 19: 235. 1847. Not A. filiformis Bojer, 1837.
Page 628. Acalypha arvensis. This name should be omitted, since it relates
to an annual species. The proper name for the plant described is A. capitellata
T. S. Brandeg., a species endemic in Mexico.
Acalypha seleriana. Reported by Pax also from Veracruz.
Acalypha unibracteata. Place as a synonym, A. unibracteata heterantha T. 8.
Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 411. 1924.
Page 630. Acalypha adenostachya. The proper name for the plant described
is Acalypha subviscida 8. Wats. The entry for A. adenostachya, a distinct species,
should be as follows:
Acalypha adenostachya Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 21. 1865. Described
from southern Mexico.
Page 631. Under No. 40, for “ Acalypha liebmanni”’ read “ Acalypha liebman-
niana.”’
Acalypha schiedeana. Reported by Pax also from Tamaulipas.
Page 632. After Acalypha frederici insert:
Acalypha chiapensis T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 411. 1924.
Type collected between Tuxtla Gutiérrez and Jalisco, Chiapas.
Acalypha cinerea Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147 xvi: 102.
1924. Type from some unknown locality in central Mexico.
Acalypha confertiflora Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147 ™:
53. 1924. Type from Tomellin Canyon, Oaxaca.
Acalypha gaumeri Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147 ™: 173.
1924. Type from Izamal, Yucatan.
Acalypha glandulosa Cay. Anal. Hist. Nat. Madrid 2: 141. 1801. Type
from Salvatierra, Guanajuato. iy
Acalypha grisea Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich [V. 147 xvi: 56. 1924.
Type from San Marcos, Jalisco. ;
Acalypha microcephala Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 160. 1865. Type from
Oaxaca. : :
Acalypha oreopola Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 82. 1903. Type from
Iguala, Guerrero.
1670 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Acalypha palmeri Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pfanzenreich IV. 147 xvi: 157.
1924. Colima (type from Manzanillo), Michoacan, and Guerrero.
Acalypha rubroserrata Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147 xvi:
28. 1924. Puebla and Tlaxcala; type from Puebla.
Acalypha synoica Pax & Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenreich IV. 147 xvi: 156.
1924. Type from Tehuacdn, Puebla.
Acalypha tricholoba Muell. Arg. Linnaea 34: 16. 1865. Type from Mexico.
Guatemala.
Page 632. Bernardia fasciculata. This is Halliophytum fasciculatum I. M.
Johnston; see below.
Page 633. Before Adelia insert the following genus:
HALLIOPHYTUM I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 68: 88. 1923.
One other species is known from southern California.
Halliophytum fasciculatum (S. Wats.) I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray
Herb. n. ser. 68: 88. 1923. Bernardia fasciculata 8. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad.
18: 153. 1883. See page 632.
Halliophytum capense I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 68: 89.
1923. Securinega capensis I. M. Johnston, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 441. 1922.
Type from coast below Pescadero, Baja California.
After Adelia oaxacana add:
Adelia virgata T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 4: 406. 1894. Baja California and
Sonora; type from Sierra de la Laguna, Baja California.
Page 636. Jatropha angustidens. ‘‘Quemador,’’ ‘“‘tachinole,”’ ‘‘copal,’’
“‘chilte’”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 637. Jatropha purpurea. ‘‘Sangragado”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 638. Jatropha cordata. ‘Torote,’’ ‘“‘zapo,”’ ‘‘copalillo”’ (Sinaloa).
Jatropha cinerea. ‘*‘Zapo”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 639. Jatropha cercidiphylla. A synonym of this is Astrocasia populi-
folia I. M. Johnston; see page 1669.
Jatropha platyphylla. ‘‘ Bonete,” “‘boneto”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 642. After Jatropha pseudocurcas insert:
Jatropha grandifrons I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 68: 89.
1923. Type from the vicinity of Oaxaca.
Jatropha harmsiana Mattfeld, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 19: 120. 1923.
Type from “Telmacan”’ (Tehuacdn?), Mexico.
Jatropha inermiflora (I. M. Johnston) Standl. Cnidoscolus inermiflorus
I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 68: 85. 1923. Type collected between
Victoria and Jaumave Valley, Tamaulipas.
Jatropha malacophylla Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 45. 1924.
Type from El Zapote, Mazatlan, Sinaloa.
Jatropha pringlei (I. M. Johnston) Standl. Cnidoscolus pringlei I. M.
Johnston, Contr. Gray, Herb. n. ser. 68: 85. 1923. Type from barranca near
Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Page 645. After Manihot aesculifolia insert:
Manihot mexicana I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 68: 90. 1923.
Type from Zapotlan, Jalisco.
Manihot rubricaulis I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 68: 90.
1923. Type from Iron Mountain, near Durango.
Page 652. As a synonym of Sapium biloculare, insert the following: Sapium
biloculare amplum I. M. Johnston, Proce. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1077. 1924. Type
from Loreto, Baja California.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1671
Sapium pedicellatum. “Hiza” (Sinaloa).
Page 653. Before Buxaceae insert the following genera of Euphorbiaceae:
DRYPETES Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 3: 49. 1807.
1. Drypetes lateriflora (Swartz) Krug & Urb. Bot. Jahrb. Engler 15: 357.
1892.
Schaefferia lateriflora Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. Oce. 38. 1788.
Drypetes crocea Poit. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 159. 1815.
Forchammeria lanceolata Standl. Contr. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 20: 183. 1919.
San Luis Potosi. West Indies, southern Florida, and Central America,
Known in El Salvador as “mula.”’
OPHELLANTHA Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 97. 1924.
1. Ophellantha spinosa Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 14: 98. 1924.
Oaxaca. El Salvador, the type from Izaleco.
BUXACEAE.
Page 654. Simmondsia californica. This name and its synonyms are to be
placed in synonymy under the following:
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubh. 2: 141. 1907.
Buzxus chinensis Link, Enum. Pl. 2: 386. 1822. The locality was given orig-
inally with doubt as China, but the specimens were probably from southern
California.
ANACARDIACEAE.
Page 656. Spondias mombin. The proper name for this species is Spondias
purpurea L. Spondias mombin is the oldest name for No. 2, S. lutea.
Page 657. Spondias lutea. This name is a synonym of Spondias mombin
L., the oldest name for the species. The tree occurs in Nayarit, where it is
known as ‘‘obo.”
Page 662. After Astroniwm conzattii add:
Astronium fraxinifolium Schott; Spreng. Syst. Veg. Cur. Post. 404. 1827.
Veracruz. Brazil. A large tree. In Brazil it is highly esteemed for its lumber.
Astronium graveolens Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 33. 1760. Guerrero, Oaxaca,
and Yucatdn. Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela. ‘Palo de cera,”
“‘nalo de culebra”’ (Guerrero); ‘‘copaiva’’ (Oaxaca); ‘‘ronrén”’ (El Salvador,
Honduras); ‘‘palo obero’”’ (Honduras); “gateado” (Venezuela); ‘‘diomate,’’
““vomate,”’ “‘gusanero,”’ ‘“‘tibigaro,’’ “‘marfil vegetal’? (Colombia). This, also,
is a large tree, The wood is valued highly throughout the range because of its
durability and its suitability for cabinetwork. Astronium conzattii may not be
specifically distinct from A. graveolens.
Page 663. Comocladia mollissima. It is probable that the following is a
synonym of this species: Comocladia macrophylla (Hook. & Arn.) Riley, Kew
Bull. 1923: 175. 1923. Rhus macrophylla Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 2:
213. 1840-41. Type from Acapulco.
Page 671. Rhus terebinthifolia. ‘‘Paguay”’ (Sinaloa).
CELASTRACEAE,
Page 682. After Schaefferia stenophylla add:
Schaefferia oaxacana Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 13: 7. 1923.
Type from Cumbre de las Calaveras, Distrito de Zimatlin, Oaxaca.
HIPPOCRATEACEAE.
Page 686. Hippocratea acapulcensis. ‘‘ Chile de perro” (Sinaloa).
1672 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
ICACINACEAE.
Page 689. Calatola laevigata. ‘‘Calate,’”’ ‘‘calatole’’ (Oaxaca; from cal-atl-
cacalotl=crow-water, Reko). The nut is said to impart a black color to water.
SAPINDACEAE.
Page 698. Serjania californica. This has been transferred by Johnston to the
genus Paullinia (Paullinia californica I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12:
1084. 1924), but the fruit of the plant is unknown and its generic position there-
fore still uncertain.
Page 699. After Serjania pacifica insert:
Serjania ochroclada Radlk. Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 357. 1921. Type
from Rio Santa Lucia, Sierra de Misteca, Puebla.
Serjania unguiculata Radlk. Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 359. 1921. Type
from Monte Alban, Oaxaca.
Page 699. Urvillea ulmacea. ‘‘Hiedra’’ (Veracruz, Endlich). ’
Page 700. Cardiospermum spinosum. This has been transferred by Johnston
to the genus Paullinia; see below.
After Cardiospermum dissectum add:
Cardiospermum pygmaeum Radlk. Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 361. 1921.
Type from Cerro de Santa Lucia, Puebla.
Page 702. Paullinia fuscescens. ‘‘ Pico de guiloche”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 703. Paullinia pinnata. ‘‘Cuamecate”’ (Nayarit).
Paullinia tomentosa. ‘‘Ojillo” (Veracruz). Endlich reports that the seeds are
used as eyes for dolls.
After Paullinia sonorensis add:
Paullinia californica (Radlik.) I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12:
1084. 1924. See above, and also page 698.
Paullinia spinosa (Radlk.) I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1083.
1924. Cardiospermum spinosum Radlk. See above and also page 700.
Page 708. Thouinidium decandrum. A synonym is Thouinidium riparium
Radlk. Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 363. 1921. ‘‘Perico,” ‘‘cola de perico,”’
“cabo de hacha”’ (Sinaloa).
Thouinidium insigne. The entry should read: Thouinidium insigne Radlk.
Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 363. 1921.
RHAMNACEAE.
Page 712. Gouania mexicana. ‘‘Guirote de palo”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 713. Zizyphus sonorensis. ‘‘ Naranjillo’’ (Tamaulipas); ‘“brasilillo,”’
9 66
“confite, ceituna”’ (Sinaloa). The species occurs also in Tamaulipas.
Page 714. Condalia parryi. To the synonymy add Condalia parryi micro-
phylla I. M. Johnston, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 439. 1922. Baja California,
the type from Las Huevitas.
Page 715. After Condalia lycioides insert:
Condalia globosa I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1086. 1924.
C. globosa pubescens I. M. Johnston, op. cit. 1087. 1924. Baja California, the
type from La Paz.
Page 716. Karwinskia mollis. ‘Capulincillo’”’ (Tamaulipas). Collected also
in Tamaulipas.
Page 718. Cormonema. Recent study has convinced the writer that this
genus does not differ in any constant respect from Colubrina. The nomenclature
of the two species listed here should be changed, as follows:
Colubrina tepicana Standl. Cormonema mexicana Rose, Contr. U. 8. Nat.
Herb. 3: 315. 1895. Not Colubrina mexicana Rose, 1895.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1673
Colubrina heteroneura (Griseb.) Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 15:
285. 1925. Zizyphus heteroneurus Griseb. Bonplandia 1858: 3. 1858; Rhamnus
biglandulosa Sessé & Moc. Pl. Nov. Hisp. 38. 1887; Cormonema nelsoni Rose
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 315. 1895; Cormonema biglandulosa Standl. Gowtr:
U.S. Nat. Herb. 23: 718. 1923; Rhamnus gonzalezii Riley, Kew Bull. 1928: 173.
1923; Cormonema multiflora T. S. Brandeg. Uniy. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 411. 1924.
Sinaloa to Guerrero and Veracruz. Central America, the type from Panama.
“Brasilillo,” ‘‘aleznilla’’ (Sinaloa).
Page 719. Colubrina glomerata. ‘‘Guacimilla”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 720. Colubrina greggii. ‘‘Trompillo” (Puebla).
After Colubrina greggii insert:
Colubrina californica I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1085. 1924.
Baja California, the type from Las Animas Bay.
Page 727. After Rhamnus mucronata add:
Rhamnus dianthes Riley, Kew Bull. 1923: 172. 1923. Type from the
Sierra Madre.
VITACEAE.
Page 730. Before Cissus insert:
Vitis girdiana Munson, U.S. Dept. Agr. Div. Pomol. Bull. 3: 10. 1890. Baja
California. Southern California.
Page 733. Cissus rhombifolia. ‘‘Tripas de zopilote”’ (Sinaloa).
ELAEOCARPACEAE.
Page 734. After Sloanea mexicana insert:
Sloanea quadrivalvis Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 85. pl. 15. 1853. Nayarit.
Central America; type from Veraguas, Panama. “Huesillo” (Nayarit); “ter-
ciopelo”’ (Panama, Costa Rica, El Salvador); “‘casaco”’ (Panama).
TILIACEAE.
Page 737. Belotia. The genus has been monographed by Sprague (Kew Bull.
1921: 270-278. 1921). The species occurring in Mexico are the following:
Belotia insignis Baill. Adansonia 10: 182. 1872. Tepic to Oaxaca and Vera-
cruz. This is the plant described on page 737 under the name Belotia mexicana.
Belotia grandifolia Sprague, Kew Bull. 1921: 275. 1921. Veracruz; type
from Zacuapan.
Belotia mexicana (DC.) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3°: 28.
1890. Grewia.mexicana DC. Prodr. 1: 510. 1824. Belotia galeottiit Turez. Bull.
Soc. Nat. Moscou 19: 504. 1846. Veracruz and Oaxaca. Guatemala. This is
the plant described on page 737 under the name Belotia grewiaefolia. That name
pertains to a Cuban plant and should be excluded from the Mexican flora.
Belotia tabascana Sprague, Kew Bull. 1921: 278. 1921. Type from Lomas
de San Sebastiin, Tabasco. Called “palencano.” One collection from Oaxaca
is probably referable to this species, although it seems scarcely separable from
the common B. campbellii of Guatemala and British Honduras.
Page 738. Apeiba tibourbou. ‘‘Pachiote”’ (Oaxaca).
Heliocarpus. The genus has been treated by E. E. Watson (Bull. Torrey Club
50: 109-128. 1923).
Page 740. Heliocarpus tomentosus. This is a synonym of the following:
Heliocarpus americanus L. Sp. Pl. 448. 1753. Type from Veracruz. See
Sprague, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 61: 255. 1923.
Heliocar pus tigrinus. This is a species of Triumfetta; see below.
Heliocarpus glabrescens. ‘This name is a synonym of the following: Helio-
carpus mexicanus (Turez.) Sprague, Kew Bull. 1921: PAPAS MI a Adenodiscus
mexicanus Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 19°: 504. 1846; Triumfetta mexicana
1674 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Turez. Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 31!: 230. 1858. Type from the mountains of
Oaxaca.
Page 741. After Heliocarpus palmeri insert:
Heliocarpus viridis E. E. Wats. Bull. Torrey Club 50: 120. 1923. Type
from Sonora.
Page 745. Triumfetta mexicana. This name refers to a species of Heliocarpus;
see above.
Page 746. After Triumfetta discolor insert:
Triumfetta dioica T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 412. 1924.
Type from Hacienda Montserrate, Chiapas.
Triumfetta sanctae-luciae Sprague, Kew Bull. 1923: 114. 1923. Type
from Santa Lucia, Sinaloa.
Triumfetta tigrina (Hochr.) Standl. Heliocarpus tigrinus Hochr. Ann. Cons.
Jard. Genéve 18-19: 123. 1914. Type from Moreno, Michoacdén. The posi-
tion of this species is doubtful because of the lack of fruit, but the combination
of flower and foliage characters distinguish it from other Mexican species of
Triumfetta.
MALVACEAE.
Page 751. Abutilon percaudatum. The entry for this species should read:
Abutilon percaudatum Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 439. 1920.
Page 752. Abutilon glabriflorum. The entry should read: Abutilon glabri-
florum Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 439. 1920.
Abutilon sphaerostaminum. The entry should read: Abutilon sphaerostami-
num Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 441. 1920.
Page 754. Abutilon membranaceum. ‘‘Colotague’’ (Sinaloa).
Page 755. After Abutilon dentatum insert:
Abutilon mochisense Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 447. 1920.
Type from Las Mochis, Sinaloa.
Abutilon subsagittatum Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 444. 1920.
Type from Victoria, Tamaulipas.
Abutilon tultitlanapense Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 443. 1920.
Type from San Luis Tultitlanapa, Puebla.
Page 761. Robinsonella cordata. ‘‘ Jonote,
After Robinsonella cordata insert:
Robinsonella subcordata Hochr. Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 21: 449. 1920.
Type from Oaxaca.
Page 770. After Malvastrum ribifolium insert:
Malvastrum foliosum S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 356. 1885. Baja
California, the type from Santo Tomas. A low shrub.
Page 772. After Malache purpusii insert:
Malache ortegiana Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 46. 1924.
Type from Nayarit.
Page 775. Malvaviscus arboreus. ‘‘Obelisco de la sierra,
Page 781. Hibiscus biseptus. ‘‘ Malvita”’ (Sinaloa).
77 OS
nojonote”’ (Puebla).
97 66
quesito’’ (Sinaloa).
BOMBACACEAE.
Page 786. Bombacaceae. No specimens of Ochroma from Mexico have been
seen by the writer, but O. lagopus Swartz (=O. pyramidale (Cav.) Urban) has
been reported from Tabasco. This species is a West Indian one, but it seems
probable that one of those described recently by Rowlee occurs in southern
Mexico. The vernacular names “‘jopi,’”’ ‘jubiguy,’’ and ‘‘pomoy”’ are reported
from Tabasco. The trees of this genus furnish the balsa wood of commerce,
one of the lightest woods known.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICU 1675
STERCULIACEAE.
Page 798. Helicteres baruensis. Also in Sinaloa, where it is called “chico.”
Page 800. Waltheria acuminata. ‘Guacimilla”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 801. Waltheria americana. “ Hierba del pasmo”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 802. Physodiwm corymbosum acuminatum. “Sapo,”
“algodoncillo”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 809. Guazuma ulmifolia. ‘“Guacimilla”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 811. Ayenia pusilla. ‘‘Hierba del edncer” (Sinaloa).
Page 813. Buettneria catalpifolia. Also in Sinaloa, where it is called “bejuco
chino.”
“papasolte,”’
DILLENIACEAE.
Page 819. Curatella americana. ‘‘Rasca la vieja’’ (Nayarit).
After Curatella insert:
DOLIOCARPUS Roland, Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm 17: 256, hyponym.
1756; Gmel. Syst. Veg. 805. 1796.
1. Doliocarpus oaxacanus Szysz. Diss. Math-nat. Acad. Litt. Cracov. 27:
139. 1894.
Described from Oaxaca.
OCHNACEAE.
Page 819. Ouratea. The genus has been treated by Riley (Kew Bull. 1924:
101-111. 1924).
Ouratea mexicana. This name belongs to the plant described as O. pailida
(p. 820); see below. The proper name for the plant described here as O. mexicana
is Ouratea jurgensenit (Planch.) Engl. The type was collected in the Sierra
San Pedro Nolasco. Oaxaca.
Page 820. Ouratea pallida. According to Riley, the proper name for the
shrub described under this name is Ouratea mexicana (H. B. K.) Engl. (see p. 819
or citations).
After Ouratea pallida insert:
Ouratea globosa Engl. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 127: 323. 1876. Type from
‘Lizando.”’
Ouratea pyramidalis Riley, Kew Bull. 1924: 107. 1924. Type from
Atasta, Tabasco. Guatemala.
Ouratea oblita Riley, Kew Bull. 1924: 108. 1924. Type said to have been
collected in Mexico by Sessé and Mocino.
Ouratea theophrasta (Planch.) Baill. Hist. Pl. 4: 359. 1873. Gomphia
heophrasta Planch. in Linden, Cat. 8. 1859. Wolkensteinia theophrasta Regel,
Gartenflora 14: 131. pl. 471. 1865. Described from Tabasco.
CLUSIACEAE.
Page 826. Calophyllum rekoi. A tree perhaps of this species grows in Tepic,
where it is called “palo Marfa.” In El Salvador the species is known as
‘“barillo,” ‘‘marfo,” and ‘‘varillo.”’
FOUQUIERIACEAE.
Page 830. Fouquieria formosa. ‘“Tlapacén”’ (Puebla).
CISTACEAE.
Page 833. Halimium exaltatum. A synonym is Halimium discolor Riley,
Kew Bull. 1923: 107. 1923.
1676 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
COCHLOSPERMACEAE.
Page 836. Mazimilianea vitifolia. Among the vernacular names, for ‘‘poré-
poré”’ read ‘“‘poro-poro.” “Rosa amarilla”’ (Sinaloa).
FLACOURTIACEAE.
Page 841. Myroxylon velutinum. “Junco”’ (Sinaloa). The citation for the
synonym Xylosma velutinum should read: Triana & Planch. Prodr. Fl. Novogran.
97. 1862.
Page 846. Casearia dolichophylla. ‘‘Garrapatilla’’ (Nayarit).
TURNERACEAE,
Page 847. Erblichia odorata. ‘‘Suelda con suelda”’ (Nayarit).
LOASACEAE.
Page 854. Mentzelia conzattii. ‘‘ Yaga-duchi’’ (Oaxaca, Zapotec, Reko).
Page 855. After Petalonyx linearis insert the following genus:
EUCNIDE Zucc. Del. Sem. Hort. Monac. 28. 1844.
1. Eucnide cordata Kell.; Curran, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 137. 1885.
Baja California, the type from Cedros Island. <A low shrub,
CACTACEAE.
Page 862. After Pereskiopsis aquosa add:
Pereskiopsis scandens Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 252. 1924. Yucatan,
the type from Mérida.
Page 889. After Opuntia chaffeyi add:
Opuntia arenaria Engelm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 301. 1856. Northern
Mexico near the United States boundary. Also in western Texas and southern
New Mexico.
Opuntia alamosensis Britt. & Rose, sp. nov.
Shrub 1 meter high or so, very much branched above; joints bright green;
tubercles prominent, elongate; areoles circular, brown-felted; spines on young
branches 3 or more, long-acicular, up to 4 cm. long, brown, covered with a loose
papery sheath; glochids numerous, whitish to brown; flowers yellow, 3 to 4 cm.
long, including the ovary; ovary strongly tubercled; areoles subtended by small
ovate leaves and often bearing 1 slender spine or more, 2.5 cm. long; fruit not
seen.
Type collected by J. G. Ortega near La Cruz, Sinaloa, Mexico, in 1924 (no.
5235; U. S. Nat. Herb. no. 1,209,382).
This seems to be the same as the plant obtained by Rose near Alamos,
Sonora, in 1910, which is referred to under O. kleiniae in the Cactaceae (1: 51).
It differs from that species in its more spiny branches and yellow fiowers.
Opuntia feroacantha Britt. & Rose, sp. nov.
Bushy shrub with large joints and very formidable spines, glabrous through-
out; joints oblong to obovate, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, more or less cuneate at base;
areoles rather few, 2 to 4 cm. apart, rather large, circular, brown-felted; glochids
yellow, numerous; spines usually 1 or 2, sometimes a third or even a fourth one
but these shorter, the longest one sometimes 8 cm. long or even longer, dull
white or becoming brownish at base in age, very stout, often twisted; flowers
small, rotate, about 4 cm. broad; petals yellow, 1.5 cm. long; filaments very short;
stigma lobes about 7.
Type from Sinaloa (J. G. Ortega 5228; U.S. Nat. Herb. no. 1,209,383). Also
collected at Acaponeta, Tepic, Rose, Standley & Russell 1447.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1677
Page 893. After Cephalocereus purpusii add:
Cephalocereus collinsii Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 269. 1923. Oaxaca,
the type from Gerénimo.
Page 901. After Lemaireocereus dumortieri add:
Lemaireocereus beneckei (Ehrenb.) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 273. 1923.
Cereus beneckei Ehrenb. Bot. Zeit. 2: 835. 1844; Cereus farinosus Haage in
Salm-Dyck, Allg. Gartenzeit. 13: 355. 1845; Piptanthocereus beneckei Riecobono,
Boll. Ort. Bot. Palermo 8: 226. 1909. Central Mexico.
Page 916. After Selenicereus spinulosus insert:
Selenicereus nelsonii (Weingart) Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 283. 1923.
Cereus nelsonit Weingart, Zeitschr. Sukkulent. 1: 33. 1923. Southern Mexico.
Page 931. Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus and A. fissuratus (p. 932) should be
referred to a distinct genus, as follows:
ROSEOCACTUS Berger, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 15: 45. 1925.
Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus (Lemaire) Berger, Journ. Washington Acad.
Sci. 15: 48. 1925. See page 931 for synonymy.
Roseocactus fissuratus (Engelm.) Berger, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci.
15: 46. 1925. See page 932 for synonymy.
Roseocactus lloydii (Rose) Berger, Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 15: 48.
1925. Ariocarpus lloydii Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 308. pl. 62. 1911.
Considered by Berger a distinct species, known only from Zacatecas.
After Ariocarpus retusus add:
Ariocarpus trigonus (Weber) Schum. Gesamtb. Kakt. 606. 1898. Anhalo-
nium trigonum Weber, Dict. Hort. Bois 90. 1893. Northern Mexico. Often
confused with A. retusus, but characterized by its longer and narrower tubercles.
Page 932. After Ariocarpus fissuratus insert:
OBREGONIA Fri¢, Zivot v Prinode 29?: 3. 1925.
The genus resembles Strombocactus and Ariocarpus, but seems to be distinct
from both.
Obregonia denegrii Fri¢, Zivot v Prinode 297: 3. 1925. Vicinity of Vic-
toria, Tamaulipas.
Page 949. After Ferocactus rostii add:
Ferocactus johnstonianus Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 287. 1923. Type
from Angel de la Guardia Island, Baja California.
Page 955. After Cactus salvador add:
Cactus oaxacensis Britt. & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 289. 1923. Oaxaca.
Page 961. After Neolloydia conoidea add:
Neolloydia stuetzlei (Fri¢) Britt. & Rose.
Coryphantha stuetzlei Fri¢, Zivot v Prinode 29: 65. 1925.
Solitary (rarely several heads from one root, or proliferous), oblong to clavate,
5 em. in diameter, 14 cm. high, rounded at apex, densely long-lanate at top
when in flower; tubercles dark green, short and thick, arranged in 8 or 9 spiral
rows, the grooves on upper side of tubercles woolly but not glandular; areola
at top of tubercle somewhat longer than broad, at first densely woolly; spines
usually all radial, 18 to 24, white, often with black tips, spreading or recurved,
6 to 10 mm. long, a few areoles on old plants producing a central spine, this
solitary, erect or ascending, 1 to 1.5 em. long, black; flowers magenta, 3 cm.
long or more; perianth segments oblong, acuminate; filaments short, pale; style
and stigma lobes (5) white; fruit not seen.
Collected by C. R. Orcutt at La Maroma ranch, 10 miles north of Jaumave,
Tamaulipas, Mexico, in 1925 (no. 554). Also collected at the same place and
time by Robert Runyon (no. 31).
1678 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
According to Mr. Runyon, the flowers open about 10 in the morning and
close at 3 p. m. and open again on the following day.
Page 1009. After Neomammillaria verhaertiana add the following species:
Neomammillaria moelleriana (Bédeker) Britt. & Rose.
Mammillaria moelleriana Bédeker, Zeitschsr. Sukkulent. 1: 213. 1924.
Solitary, 5 to 8 cm. in diameter; tubercles and plant body hidden under a
mass of spines; tubercles not milky, somewhat flattened, almost imbricate,
blue-green; spine areole circular, white-felted when young; radial spines acicular,
about 40, glossy white, spreading, 3 to 5 mm. long; central spines much stouter
than the radials, 8 or 9, one or more strongly hooked, 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, dark
brown; flowers 15 mm. long, light yellow; filaments and style white; stigma
lobes 5 or 6; fruit clavate, pale green to white; seeds numerous, black, shining.
Known only from the type locality, Sierra de Santa Maria, Durango.
Neomammillaria eschausieri (Coulter) Britt. & Rose.
Cactus eschausiert Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 104. 1894.
Single or often cespitose, very small, 2 to 5 em. in diameter, somewhat de-
pressed; tubercles green, not milky; spines all pubescent; radial spines 20 or
fewer, spreading, with dark tips, 12 mm. long or less; central spine solitary,
reddish, 15 to 25 mm. long, hooked at the tip; flowers 15 mm. long; outer seg-
ments short, reddish green along the median vein; inner perianth segments
oblong, acute, entire, greenish white; stamens included, greenish white; style
white; stigma lobes 4, greenish white; fruit reddish, 10 mm. long; seeds reddish.
State of San Luis Potosi, where it has been collected recently by C. R. Orcutt
(no. 22, 1925). Type from Zapatillo.
The species was discovered near San Luis Potosi in crevices in limestone rocks
by Doctors Francis and Luis Eschausier.
THYMELAEACEAE.
Page 1013. Daphnopsis salicifolia. ‘‘ Ahuejote”’ (Veracruz).
After Daphnopsis cestrifolia insert:
Daphnopsis americana (Mill.) Johnston, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 34:
242. 1909. Laurus americana Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 8. Laurus no. 10. 1768.
Type from Veracruz. The description given by Miller is too brief for identifi-
cation. See Fawcett and Rendle, Journ. Bot. Brit. & For. 63: 51. 1925.
COMBRETACEAE.
Page 1031. Combretum mexicanum. Also in Nayarit, where it is called
“cuaumecate.”
Page 1032. Combretum farinosum. ‘‘ Bejuco angarilla’’ (Sinaloa).
MYRTACEAE.
Page 1037. Pimenta officinalis. ‘‘Patololote’’ (Oaxaca). The aromatic
leaves are employed for brewing a delicious tea (Reko).
Page 1043. Eugenia oaxacana. For this name substitute the following:
Eugenia purpusii Standl. Hugenia oaracana Standl. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.
23: 1043. 1924. Not EH. oaxacana Berg, 1860.
Page 1046. Eugenia acapulcensis. ‘Palo agrio’’ (Nayarit).
After Hugenia acapulcensis insert:
Eugenia oaxacana Berg, Linnaea 30: 683. 1860.- Type from Oaxaca.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1679
MELASTOMACEAE.
Page 1057. Before Calyptrella insert the following genus, accidentally omitted:
11. ADELOBOTRYS DC. Prodr. 3: 127. 1828.
i. Adelobotrys adscendens (Swartz) Triana, Journ. Bot. 5: 210. 1867.
Melastoma adscendens Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 2: 772. 1800.
Southern Mexico. Jamaica; Central and South America.
Page 1064. Miconia mexicana. To the synonymy add: Miconia purpusii
T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 185. 1922.
ARALIACEAE.
Page 1083. Gilibertia arborea. ‘Mano de oso” (Sinaloa). To the synonymy
add the following: Gilibertia smithiana I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser.
70: 81. 1924; Gilibertia eurycarpa I. M. Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. n. ser. 70:
82. 1924.
CLETHRACEAE.
Page 1089. Clethra lanata. ‘“‘Jicarillo”’ (Nayarit).
ERICACEAE,
Page 1091. Befaria mexicana. ‘‘Madrofno del agua’’ (Sinaloa).
MYRSINACEAE.
Page 1110. After [cacorea compressa insert:
Icacorea conzattii (Blake) Standl. Ardisia conzattii Blake, Contr. Gray
Herb. n. ser. 53: 64. 1918. Type from Los Naranjos, Departamento de Mia-
huatlin, Oaxaca.
Page 1111. Parathesis rekoi. Probably not distinct from this is Ardisia chia-
pensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 413. 1924. Type from
Hacienda Montserrate, Chiapas. Brandegee’s name has priority of publication,
but it is invalidated in Parathesis by Parathesis chiapensis Fernald.
Page 1112. After Parathesis lanceolata insert:
Parathesis prionophylla Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 37: 46. 1924.
Type from Arroyo de Jalio, Nayarit.
a
SAPOTACEAE.
Page 1117. Bumelia spiniflora. ‘‘Jos”’ (Tamaulipas).
DIOSPYRACEAE.
Page 1125. Maba verae-crucis. A synonym is Maba purpusii T. S. Brandeg.
Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 7: 329. 1920.
Page 1128. After Diospyros sphaerantha insert: ;
Diospyros californica (T. S. Brandeg.) I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV.
12: 1124. 1924. Diospyros texana californica T. S. Brandeg. Zoe 5: 164. 1903;
see page 1127. A form with glabrate leaves is D. californica tonsa I. M. Johnston,
loc. cit.
STYRACACEAE,
Page 1130. Styrax argenteus. ‘‘Lebadura”’ (Nayarit).
57020—26——24
1680 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
OLEACEAE,
Page 1141. After Osmanthus insert:
MAYEPEA Aubl. Pl. Guian. 81. 1775.
1. Mayepea macrocarpa Rusby, Bull. Torrey Club 38: 145. 1911.
Type from Mount Limén, near Balsas, Guerrero.
After examination of the type specimen, the writer is inclined to doubt that
this plant belongs to the Oleaceae, but it has been impossible to make a satis-
factory disposition of it in any other family.
LOGANIACEAE.
Page 1141. Gelsemium sempervirens. The entry should read: Gelsemium
sempervirens (L.) Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 267. 1805.
Page 1147. After Buddleia parviflora insert:
Buddleia purpusii Stand]. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 16: 15. 1926.
Near Monserrate, Chiapas.
APOCYNACEAE.
Page 1156. After Stemmadenia mollis insert:
Stemmadenia calycina T. 8. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 188. 1922.
Type from Remudadero, Veracruz. Not seen by the writer.
ASCLEPIADACEAE.
Page 1193. After Vincetoxicum xanthotrichum insert:
Vincetoxicum edule (Hemsl.) Standl. Gonolobus edulis Hemsl. Biol. Centr.
Amer. Bot. 2: 331. 1882. Oaxaca. Central America, the type from Guate-
mala. A woody vine with large 5-angled fruits which are cooked and eaten as
a vegetable. ‘‘Gueto’’ (Oaxaca); ‘‘cuayote,”’ “‘guayote”’ (Costa Rica).
CONVOLVULACEAE.
Page 1198. After Jacquemontia smithii insert:
Jacquemontia eastwoodiana I. M. Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV. 12:
1133. 1924. Baja California, the type from Ildefonso Island.
Jacquemontia mollissima Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 16: 15.
1926. Monserrate, Chiapas. *
Page 1201. Calonyction muricatum. ‘‘ Nata,” ‘‘maxh”’ (Chiapas, Endlich).
The milky juice is said to be employed for coagulating rubber sap.
Calonyction aculeatum. ‘‘Hedrén”’ (Morelos).
Page 1202. Exogonium bracteatum. ‘ Empanada”’’ (Morelos); ‘“‘bejuco blanco’’
(Sinaloa).
Page 1204. Ipomoea crassicaulis. ‘‘Hiedra’”’ (Nayarit); ‘‘flor de la mafiana’’
(Tamaulipas).
Page 1205. Ipomoea intrapilosa. Related to this is Ipomoea pauciflora Mart.
& Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 12?: 266. 1845. From the description given by
Martens and Galeotti it is not possible to determine definitely to which of the
Mexican tree Ipomoeas the name belongs.
Page 1208. Turbina corymbosa. ‘‘Manto”’ (Veracruz).
POLEMONIACEAE.
Page 1210. Loeselia tenwifolia. The distribution should be changed to read
as follows: Mountains of northern Baja California, the type from Cantillas
Canyon.
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1681
BORAGINACEAE,
Page 1218. Cordia alba. ‘ Baboso”’ (Tamaulipas).
Cordia alliodora. “Amapa hasta’’ (Sinaloa).
Page 1219. Cordia boissieri. Doctor Reko states that the words anacahuite
and nacahuite are not derived from the Nahuatl amacuahuitl but from the root
natl, signifying an edible fruit.
Page 1221. Cordia sonorae. “Amapa bola’”’ (Sinaloa).
Page 1224. After Cordia cylindrostachya insert:
Cordia ovata T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 187. 1922. Type
from Remudadero, Veracruz.
MENTHACEAE.
Page 1269. After Salvia coccinea add:
Salvia chiapensis T. S. Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 415. 1924.
Type from Jalisco, Chiapas.
Page 1271. Before Salazaria insert the following genus, accidentally omitted:
5. SCUTELLARIA L. Sp. Pl. 598. 1753.
1. Scutellaria suffrutescens S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 25: 160. 1890.
Scutellaria spinescens Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 416. 1910.
Coahuila, the type from Sierra de la Silla, near Monterrey.
A small shrub.
Page 1276. Hyptis emoryi. A synonym is Hyptis emoryi amplifolia I. M.
Johnston, Proc. Calif. Acad. IV, 12: 1149. 1924. Type from Escondido Bay,
Baja California.
SOLANACEAE.
Page 1300. Solanwm amazonium. ‘‘ Mala mujer”’ (Sinaloa).
GESNERIACEAE.
After Columnea schiedeana insert:
Columnea purpusii Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 16: 15. 1926.
Mountains near Fenix, Chiapas.
Columnea stenophylla Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 16: 16. 1926.
hiapas (type from Finea Irlanda) and Oaxaca.
RUBIACEAE.
Page 1365. After Calycophyllum insert the following genus:
HILLIA Jacq. Enum. Pl. Carib. 3. 1760.
1. Hillia chiapensis Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 16: 16. 1926.
Mountains near Fenix, Chiapas.
Page 1391. After Psychotria oaxacana insert:
Psychotria chlorobotrya Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 16: 17. 1926.
Fenix, Chiapas. * Pye!
Psychotria phoeniciana Standl. Journ. Washington Acad. Sci. 16: 17. 1926.
Mountains near Fenix, Chiapas.
ASTERACEAE.
Page 1419. Aschenbornia heteropoda. The type of this species is identical
with Calea zacatechichi Schlecht. oa.
Page 1512. Gnaphaliwm rhodanthum. The correct name of this Beeoee is
Gnaphalium salicifolium (Bertol.) Schultz Bip. Bot. Zeit. 3: 172. 1845.
Helichrysum salicifolium Bertol. Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. Bonon. 4: 433. 1840.)
Page 1541. Tithonia scaberrima Benth. This species is properly known 8
Tithonia longeradiata (Bertol.) Blake, Bull. Torrey Club 53: 217. 1926.
(Helianthus longeradiatus Bertol. Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. Bonon. 4: 436. 1840.)
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INDEX
{Synonyms in italic]
The present index is complete for Part 5.
but not the vernacular and specific names,
the complete volume.
Page
PME licimeemie es ie eh ee oS tes pa ede 1398
ENTHTOOSS OTE oS ES See eee ac eae vy Sev 779
PAU IOS ere Serpe ae S28 1 re ee ADS 59:
MOU CLOSA eek see wer Be abide 2 meee 1644
PASIOYIUI State Mera onan ae DE ea ec ees 492
PANES Opec ee Deus aia et es Sead eh 748
PAE OLS as = eee a eon ee 1674
MIDNA Ceuta Ne 1674
PHOCHISON SO. 2 12 ees fed 1674
HELCAUG abun ee oes = one ee 1674
RURACrOStAMIIMUM ss 2) ese 1674
SMBSaStuba bummer Sea ee 1674
EU bhlanamenseres_ 208 => © See eee 1674
ANGE) es ee ee eee 370, 1660
BUCA UIGTISI Se reise Soe a La Sa a bee 1658
ANPUSPISSHN A =~ Ses ee Gis! 1658
cochliacan thas a ae ea Sr aeaaas 1658
(HESS cae ene See eee eee 1658
(ChVAga OTIS) Ope eve = eee ee ees pee era oe a 1658
INIA Sites whee IN eo Sd as 1658
FTTTSUGTI GRIN LY ee ee ee eae 1658
Teo ae eS ee ee Oe eae — 1658
ENCVNTEN ASS 5 ee eee ee pe eye 324
JMC bay] obo A ae eee ee Bee 624
Pad enOstachyas-- ==" 2-52. 2 ae ee 1669
GR VESIS sees = es eee eae 1669
Capitellat des se ee ee 1669
GIGI OIISIS ee ee oon ns a ae 1669
CIN OTC Ae ees tee 9 Se eee 1669
Conientihora ea sen eee 1669 |
LIS fOTIM eS eat a ee ee 1669
PAUIMOL= a wk Se ee ee ee ee 1669
OAT U OSA ee ae ae eo een 1669
Chiscde ee 1669
jiebmanniana= 2.25. =) S23. eee 1669
TMICKOCEDU AAA sae et Oa eee 1669
(Dy aY0] 0701 EE ee a ee ee ne eae 1669
VOpS UNOS Vohel es See eee ep pI 1670
TITOELOSCLT ALAS a = eee ee ees 1670
RCHIAG G81 tee ee ees 1669
schlechtenGallanga=—-s-2- = a ane 1669
SelCrIaAn oes se ee ee 1669
SETI VAS CLC cee en ee 1669
STO Cee a ee es 1670
iHaitelota) (lof: ee ee eee eee eee eee = 1670
ni bracken eee 1669
PAGO Ds ee ee ee a eee aR 1645
IN CANTHACRHC 22a a a eel 1331
Acanthambrosia___-.---2-===-=-=====----=--=- 1523
AcanthocereuS------------------------------- 906
Acanthorrhiza_------------------------------ 73
mocinni.-_.------------------------------ 1644
It includes the generic and family names of the whole volume,
The indexes for Parts 1 to 4 should, therefore, be bound with
Page
Aan hothanin us sees eee ee ee 684
ACATUNUS any =e ae oe eee ae 1331
ACUSITU Se 2 ete So8 1 ee a ee 575
Atceitillos 2 te eas? oo eee 1386
Atco a. see ht ae ee ee 689
AChAeni poOdt ym ess a ei 1563
Atcha tocarptss20 as 2s Ee eee 264
AICHICHH S228 2s be e e 1398
Achradelphass 249" Site Resa ek te Se ae 1120
INCDraS® 25 Os Sa ta es eee 1119
Achyranthege2 25 a5 yea ae 259
Achyroclitie. 23.7 a Se sas oe ae ee 1511
AGIOUIS=2 22 = sot 2 eer ee ee ee 1052
Aciphyllacd ss. 5 So see se ee ee 1608
Arcisan thera 2222. 2 ee 2 eee 1049
AGHIStUsi:= 532 = 2e_ 2s is eee 1288
A COM 2 =e a ee eee 1589
ACLOCOMIEG= = =~ ee ee eee 83
Acrodichdime =o Se eee 286, 292
misantlae: te ae eee 1656
ACHINONETIS.2 2s Bee eee 1596
ACN. 2) ee 366
Ale ligente. 8S sive geen ee ee eee 633, 1140
Virrataco ee eee 1670
AGelobotrys=- 5 eee 1679
AG@enaria’ 2.) ees Ae eee 1014
Agenocalymna-. <--22 = = ee eee 1317
Aenodiscus: 2 = 293 Se 1673
Atdenostoma-_z. i225 26a--5 == ee 325
Adnhatodd-- 3 -= 222s ee eee 1346
A@olphia <= =22. -backbes. J= sees ena ses aaesee rey s
AeginetiOs 2 ee ee eee 1363, 1365
Appi phila= + Se. 5-25 eee eae eee 1253
Aleschynomen6-~ ~-==-—- see eee 489
UiSTiNOSt ee 2 ee a ee ee 1664
DUT GOL 2-35 =e oS eee eee ee 1663
Mesenlacéae =< === 2 sae eee eee 690
Mescultis 2-2 = ee ee 691
AMG TIGCOR 22 Sooo oe eee 1520
Apolladecosth==--2= 222 2- 252 -cces eee 1376
WANT RUE ese or a ee ot et 476
Aupavet=o <> 5) =5 2 =< Seek cece cee on= sane eed 107
AS POrniM A= << cane nos ene eee 1646
STROVITOUS* 2-30 aco eee 1646
POrBess 322. nes ee 1646
ehrysoglossa<2-- === - 5s eeeneeene eae 1646
COMMDLCatAS S= = =- = eee 1646
compluviata....-----.-==---=----=-------- 1646
CONjUNCIAL == 2 == eseeee a naan ee 1646
cupreata......--=-----.---.------<<--<-=- 1646
desertié s< 2525 Sc hoes eee 1645
difformis- == 23-c- 0-3 22e-oeeen ans eee 1646
1683
1684
Page
AP OVE ClOSAaee on ee nee 1646
Tiseeveliae = Soe ee ee eee 164
eer aes Kal = es ee 1645
inchnenlanan: oe) eao eae eer ea ee 1646
MON LAMP OLS. = — eh oo ee oe ee 1646
OWODT: 2c 222 oes aee sk” oe ae ee oe ee 1646
Dam paninianes. = 25) oes eo = es 1646
pauperass2-) 228s oes Po oe sees 1646
POLALOUUI it boo F oo ees Sean 1645
DUT PUSOreMEs ae ee 1646
Telnateite a Cores ee eee ee 1646
Slevinitnias 22:5 20 e=cuie. fie Se Ae 1646
Striataz: 96. i oe) ee Be 8 SS 1646
iver (oitlvel wse Se ee eee eee a 1645
PPOTHOO 22 eee ss ote ee en 1646
INPHOSHIS 25-3 Jo socoseeeas ceases eee 263
APeratele = os 2sss se asso sos cus CE 1423
APOVNUNIM 55 soc cosne cea saassesccsnasssorle 1420
DUISCONDENS Saino saat s areata seee sans sesee 1423
OLIN ENUNE o s e aaease ee 1423
ISUCRT DOU CS sand rc cawaaunasa sate 1419
MISTODNY WN 20. seid aeenes cane eee 1423
GIR AEN DOR: 2 Sooo a aaa seoad ae oee 1536
MOONONOIA 3.0252 aso sca jae ens acoder 236
PAOOYN OSE: do cas on ats Soe eas ae 1655
VA ETE Us Oe a ee Oe ae Eee, 1379, 1656
(ACC) (0). a a ne a ee 1322, 1678
V MLE UST 10k ee oe Sees Seen eens Se 1416
PANNE scot Os. US ee aha ee 1315
cll | 7 re ee ae A ce eee 35M 601, 604
PAIN G56. = sakrs darted in sane caves towne cece 1648
2 8t|2C RR ESS 8 2 ee Ree ne eR 1365
PUIOPRD 3 22. tea aa ad doo aa a 390
DOCOCHtAUS 5 425. soa oo bene ee 1658
MOTMONUOSS 2 oo 3o0 soto cada nn cee 1659
GING) a ee oe eS ee 3 633
PAO) eS ee a Se ee Se pees 646
2) See ee eee ere Mee eee 1533
ALEBLOTOCLOUUUN Der sos 3 aS cn a en 602, 603
LAN OT Tt eke SE OE ee EE Oe Ce) 738
IND GIGS AS eee RE eC See ee eg es ee eee 1667
PACU PI sa as a Hepes et Does SS fs es 632
y ACTA ctl ae a See eee Sol 1673
URS TODD nets ant Whe x wen a 1658
PRU RGOOUCINO tages 25 ots ao ee 1675
LALO nh ees Se a ee oe 1372
PAUEHATICHO | SL Ss nee s Soe Ce eso eee 1510
LMU) Se ee a ee eee eee eres 2: 1648
AULT 6 Ce en OE NN Leet 1148
PAGIONTOMeA a> taa5 tas Goo Kt oS eee 253
MI OIACE ND SE 55.455 58a eae tose 259
MLIGCON DUS a2 5a os 2) ee oe eS 1594
PMUODNY MISES 22 eco eos ae ere arte 113 704
AN ODIBCUUS San = scien Soe ee ae 1330
Almond family./2..-2--+i5525- 2222. eee 338
PERESTUS eet ge 5 9 SS ee 167
BrP bie tee 55 a Se a oe 1648
JODUMONSIS = .032- 25 Sa Sean st 1648
CA OS ee tie See Se 2 ee 88
eee eee eee: Seem - 2 fs 1419
PAPO Y Stes 55 Sh 5 = a oo 1244
VANISGS | eign, 2 he a Fa 1359
PAI SOC ENE sects oe A > 2 837, 838
AISOD Ia es 55 Sle eA ee St ae 43
PA LSUO TAS See Lo Fok to as 5 4 1131
CALLOITS ON i a A dn 8 ope Te 1596
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
Alternanthera..2:2 25.2... ee ae 258
A VSragOs ho" oS =e ee eee 540
Alvordias= Sits. 3st eee 1546
AMAD SS Sere 7 ee ee ee ee 1321
DOES: Ace ae eee 1681
asta. ui... Oe eS eee 1681
prieta <2 2. ee ee ee eee 1321
POSR Se = 22s Jute se ee ee ee 1320, 1321
JAMADO 2S 23.) 22 See 2 ee 1320
Asnbranehacese...-—< =. 5 te. ee ee 254
Amarnyiidarese 2 ot 5 ee SA eee 105
Amiaryllis family 29. Scull fe eae 105
Amauria 2208 2. Os Deke Lue Ne ey oer 1600
Amazonia...22-. 2-2. eee 1335
Bonbigavnthera. = -0> 5 =— seek ess eee 1162, 1165
Amblanchioer....= = ss2322s22-23a2sesesseeeee5— 337
denticulate «1222475 453-25 63s Oe 1657
Amelus ..< aa2nsckankbesssesoseseeste eens 1597
AISrIMN NON 13253s-6—-c ues eee 506
Cibik..~4250- cee else ssee dee eee 1666
congestifloram:: 3.02325 soe ee 1666
granadill0soSseo5 2-5 eee 1666
MOX1ICANUM jae es2scor ee Ee 1666
Labascantum: 2 kceceec ses 1666
AMICI8 = 22sosssissceteseese sss ee 489
MIMM0CGUIS we22s~assasnscasa ee 1157
Amorphai:.<< ssseaesssesessacsu eee 442
Ampelocissus).25<-2s2s.sc5 css CE Se 733
Atmpelopsissoi ss scsSsoSse sss 52505 s2se eee 733
Amp hilophivm..sesecseseeaccuc ase 1315
Asnaphipteryeiuims /<6os-S 2s eee 672
Amphitecnas <2 2. ass 2sceescewsee eee 1322
Amphy Meni... seass soe ee 508
Ob ae ee eens Bene oh ty t 2 1645
Amiyedalaceae.2 253.5 aeSc eee 338
AaRY (AGUS onic otra aoe ah 340
AUNTS 32225252 es ae aoe ee 528
CONZEU. sata cae aon sone ee eee 1667
Anacahnite.2135..53.2232-4 ee ee 1681
Aniacardiacese: <1. -. seen ewes eee 655
Ampcardium 220 --5.tee ee
ANNIGENOT ON an ace ease ee 85
PUDONG ct 5 ao eas sa Oe 1041
AMIGIStLOCACHUS 2235. cae ee 956
Agidira.. 3355..00 5 eetian 506
(HEDIS 205 2 se eee ee ee 1666
POMOICENSIS 34 se eee 1666
AMGrocentrumns = noc eee eee 1335
Anat OMMChiIC. bee ee 1619
AlidrOMedGs ce eee 1091
AMRGloniwm:2 22 osa5 ess oe 931, 932
PAQONUIMN 3 foo a ee oe eee 1677
A cimarr Ones se ee ee 1337
AMINO L524) ee er 1337
Amisacanthus=.5- 2254 se a eee 1342
Anistid. 2.2. 22 a eee 1199
AGRO INE RIS cto pone sns Sn ces es 2 sss se5 1383
BMinona.o 3. 5 280
Amntionaceae: <>. oe ee eee 277
Anis: SRO eee 1363
Anthemis 2. S22 Se eee 1537
Anthenylium). 3-5 ee 1026
Antigonon:-. 02323 ce ee eee 247
PURUTIOG sop soe a oe a ee 1384
Ameibas.o 223-2322 eee 738
fibourT DOs ease ose aee eee 1673
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF
Page
/AFOVTEN ENO Life Se SS ee 1336
PTL TE) DUIS ere ee Pe Soe See tee 1486
BLOUUNICS ema eae eee ee ee 1495
Qtech ee a ae . eee 1494
GANNIS! (o> 22 oo oso Soo sass esseuease 1493
CTS HDMS 5a tee neh es 1494
elineabus Spathlatuscs == — = 2 - oes ee 1489
TEES CO] EO ULR eee Sa ne Seen en ae 1492
CUBUEETETM ONG Meee ee 2 ee ee 1491
TEKS CHO 9 WS ie ae ee ee 1493
ivinicos hs ee 1493
WATE WCC Iie sae eee ot es eS a ee 1492
MEL CLO DMV ILUSS esses Xe ee 1492
JAGR SS Ses SS ee eee 1489
ACA S eee eer aee Seek enue 1495
LENA (0) Nhs Cees ee eee 1490
MING ATUOMUS esa soak. ee nl 1489
RIOTING 1S tee a Se a ee eee 1491
ODPOSILUONMIS= eset Mes ae ae ee ee 1489
Cub TEL Ts eg haeh See ne NE a eer eS 1494
IT Chee ee a ee 1489
ISS LN ree ee ee ere 1491
ROBUTASRIUIS eter eee Ss ee 1490
IDLO DINGS = = = See a oe 1490
UIE USI ete re eee ee 1491
(DTT ee ee eee 1491
REND ILLOSTUS ere a ote a eae 1502
SUT OUCIOMSIS = 2 =e = ere = ns een eee ee 1490
SiON OS Tis eee 1494
S(QUATKOSUS22= = 2-5 = sas ans onan ee 1494
TrIGlON CALS es eee eae ae oe 1493
OTIC LIS? eee eae eS aes ae a Se 1492
WONTICOSUS << Saeed aa aaa eae eae aeee eases 1491
JNO NATE OR: Cs se ee ee Se eee 1147
PA OCU UAB ee a ea 1161
JN STORING = Bs eS So Se eee 441
PASIOTOCHC DUS =e 916
AN OOD VOC ee 334
PNGIIITONACERE== === = ne 673
PAT A COAG =: ae eas as oo ea oa 85
ANN Se ee ee ee 1080
JAI SOU GME ari GS ee eee 1660
Gellasicalabazassss =. eae ee 1324
(GIG WRITS eS 1375
Geioan Slivestren---s-—— === === eae 1368
Gel santan\lanldes eee ee ea eee 1446"
INNO ee esse 1099
DARIEN ee eee 223
PATCH IDs Cela ise == ae ae ae ee 1507
PAN CLOCOUY Te eae a re ee 1328
Arctostaphylos_---.-.----------------------- 1094
DT A ere eee 1108, 1111
chiapensis_.__---.--------- == --=--======—- 1679
a AAT ea eS See oe 1679
DT OU ATION oe oe re Se el 1660
Argemone----------------------------------- 299
Argithamnia_------------------------------ 621, 622
Argyréia..--------=-----------------=-------= 1205
Argyrothamnia.__-------------------------- 621, 622
AriocarpuS- --------------------------------- 931
fissuratus_-.----------------------------- 1677
kotschoubeyanus___----------------------- 1677
Woydii_._-------------------------------- 1677
trigonuS--------------------------------- 1677
Aristolochia--------------------------------- 238
1655
PAliS@AN A=) = seca a en ote ae
MEXICO 1685
Page
TMCS oe Pe eed ee ee 1640
de MUOCS Jen = 5a ee ee 1641
Am CaChO 2 Sete Stee ee 1448
ATTIO LUO MAM yeaa eee a een ee 834
ATOMS 5 ho Be ee ee 1413
ATTA DIOR Carer oi a et Oi 1318
DOLOSINl= == aa SS ee 1314
artantheen so. Lee ye tee re eee eee 150
AITLOINISTA = = 2 525 ores ce oy one 8g a 1617
ATERTOCDOM Tee os an sae ene 253
ATE DTOSUGIIIN Soe ee ee 1049
ATEHrOS iyi: see 7
AT LOCAL DUS Ses ae en ene 202
Aram Tamily;o25. 22-228, < 7 oe ae 85
ATUNGIN ana. fo 8 522 ee ee 69
Arun 0 Oto a2 a Ss ook ee eee ee eee 66
ASCH ON DONNA = seas! sae pen ee 1419, 1681
Asclepladacedes=—= 0.5.0 = eae See 1166
A'SCleplaS2= <= S=- ie os oe nas ee 1168
ASO VT = -co2- See ee ee ee 823
ASemmant he 2p ae oe ee oe 1386
ASTM = oon nn nk ee 27
ASTIN 3d ne 278, 279
ENG 0) (sh 0 ee ee ee ee ee 574
Aispidospernia..2- = .5-5 = 0-2 5 ee 1157
SASS TON er oe A oe oc ee ea 1539
COSLONICENSIS. x = ee eee 1562
DUCKY DY UM 525 aes ee ee 1596
AS TIODSIS: — = a et a we a 1596
ASOD UANUS Se) ose eee 1168, 1176
AST OD? =o a Sea oa een ee 1496
CUNO TUTUR® 2 eee 1608
fami) vos es oe ee 1401
PINNGUS so o2s Sas o= ats eee 1608
AStOTaCCAhe--- =2=22525520s3 262-2 1401
Astianthus | ..=-==-= 2-2-2222 -6--- eee 1322
ASUOQQQIUS.. >= - ose een eae eee 1662
ASEROCATY UI 2 =< -52<=-==s25 ce ees eee 83
AStKOCASIA- =. - 22-2 osc2ese25-5--e os ee 610
populifolia.-_£.-.2.22..--2- ===. =e 1669
ASUOGYNE= 22> = = sean ssa seen an eee 614
‘AS trOMIUIN 22 = 235 ssh ee 662
fraxinifolium. = =--=+==-2-==ss-2eso===e——o— 1671
graveclenS.--- == 2) == —— =e eee 1671
Astrophy lim). 2 -- = 2-220 537
PANS B50 9) EN RT 954
IAT ATHISQUCA =) aaa == See ae ee 305
Atanasia= - .--<-5.-s=->s<eoss4=sseaeee 1482
STAT Ae ee re ee 1482
NNN 75 Ces eee ene BE oeeceee tt 433
AP DeNACa aac | an eee 1302
Atjient. 2... 23-22 aceon ae ee 1645
PAG DIGQX =< See fae me ee 250
HVINGNCly Gree 1655
ALOIS Sie er as ee 8
Amdibertia..-~. = -=.---<s=a=----55—5550e5eee ee 1255
Aner h0Ge. 2<c3- one n s o8 oo eee eee 609
AWACODING = oc waa coe ee ee 1251
IAS OCHIt ao sen eee ee ee eee 1322
17 Se eee 1324
Ayale. =. < ---22===.<---0en=<-qnn nen noe 1324
Ayenia....-----=-------~-------------<-se=s== 810
pusilla.......----..--=~=--.-----<sses-5-— 1675
UNC Nee a Se See EO pe S47
Agnices. =) naa ee 1668
Azumiatl: 225-5 -o.cenenb eee eee 1395
1636
Page
IBA DOSO PSs es fo 2 is 3s Seo 8 SE ee ae 1681
(PaeCO aie ss ee ee ee ee ee ee 1500
IBRCCDATIS: 40.8! Se 5 eee wa eee eee eee arora 1499
(TAD TEESE Eee eR a Bee ee be eet bs peak 1510
Gn OTs ee ee eee 1506
TEIN OSHI Ae oat Sete SPO a NE Pe Oe See ee oe 1505
TN OGY TO =e eee See Ae SAAS IS 1509
(TD TATRS CLT eee PO paca are Sans ae feed at go a 1503
BST OFS OLD ess eee ee font eee eee 1509
FEC] Ac V ED oe Se ta An ite apn ey Stree et 1507
18) |e FEN ep ee ss capa fae eee ed Sir ay 1505
ST RCR VERY Mey Shs = ett Se ee eee oe 1505
COPISDLER PENS 28 sos beers ae See 1506
OE 0 rs pg mee ee Se Aa le 1503
COneiioi a 2e8s. Sa 1 Se ee ee 1500
Cy SOU Es appa ae Dente, 1s PLN ra pee ok 1503
LOR EREIS = oe eee eee See ee ee 1505
SECIION Vis oe a ee 1509
BGI Nyssa ee eee 1503
LEAN Seren Oe 2 OA ear Le se 1506
ROREAEAL tite toes See SSS eee 1503
PII NOR = Sone onsen eee eee 1506
Ii livarlt i Os eet he Be ah ee 1500
LePeTMeina) 1] pg LT cee eRe ie ep tie 5 as A e 1504
JE TSE i ee pee Se ee a 1508
EAI fo oS 8 eee 1504
Lge et GUAT ES Sa ce apy byl rant hee A ge 1507
DENS OLEE Seite s es ene een ae 1506
Re TOCA DUG <a oe ee 1504
SD OTM 2S oa oS ee Pe 1508
copys Vt a bh) ar eS eee er ee 1506
IGP OC ies eae re ae nents ke ES Ae 1503
TRERACOTS=> > oe a ete eee 1508
ROG ONG so ee en Ae eee 1505
RHE CNREDD a hn > Se ee ee 1505
STEVEN SER 2 See St a A 8 Ey See eS 1503
SUN Gr oo tae Re eS ee 1504
PUNE LON Chae to 2 5 > = rhs 5 ae ee oe 1506
OAD DENSA SS 2 390 eS ee a ee ee 1503
polyenlaelolia-- so ees 1507
OCS ea ates a nn bit 9 a 1505
PIT eis ns het om 9 SS Fao EE 1508
Mmiarinachel Ola ys ee ee 1506
LCT OUAGHT CR 28 ns = 1 a 8s sass SE 1502
yD TT 0 0) (2 ee Ree eta eae ene re oe 1504
AUB OSes so eee ee eee eee eee 1502
FRO TT OU ER 8 9p ee ne ee se 1507
Sarovnroides es ee ee ae 1503
BCU O STE 8 2 3 So ee has nee on oe SE > 1509
BOON ae to aR Anes 4 he Ss Ae ke 1508
RCIROGEGINT = oem net rk ba hs ee 1508
DCE TIRUTUT OR = Aesth oie oth vy Ae Rp 1505
SONPULOTE GSts 4 en 5 Rank tee eet ae 1504
Serraciolia: -. 2-2 oo eh = oe 1506
SORGOSCOnS S17 so aso ee oe Ae 1505
Spethe le tes 9s ee 1507
SQUSEROSS = 25s ee hn eee 1505
BUN COUD et sree aac et See AO nee & nee 6 2 1506
HOS AT cen ie ph ae As Rn Se en BB 1502
GSI ORG CS > Sed se no SP et 1506
ALONG STs oe > = 85 Sor) hn 8 9 ee 1508
ETICKOCIQM ey oo eS IY Sia 1507
REICOOLOHIS 2 eo 1057
GRIT CG VAS ha ee a hs ee Ee 1507
MACCINIOID CS eee = er en ee 1504
DOTECUD Pain 8 hott Minas 2 ee Sten ae SRD 1492
WHiCDE bse ey See Ae ee eee 1502
EU TIEUS TS taht Ppa ene SE ats 1503
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
BAGEL IC sen 84
Barcelo. 6 28 ae ee ee 1660
Babies 22S. See eee eee 1605
COUNSEL ONE eee ee ee 1604
mepelaciolia. 32 ee 1606
SUS SS ae 1606
COT Ode. eee 1604
Pride Sf ee eee 1604
BOOTS TS = ONO! os ee 1545
akenidesia 22.2 25 22S eee 747
BO tn ee 1597
Balsa: rent oy ee a eS eee 1674
Balsamo sss oo eee oa ee ee 1380
Bamboss2. oo ee eee 69
Batere ese eo ee 839.
Bans tenia oo9- ee ee 576
laurifplia: }.. >< aoe eee 1668
NEMOVUM W.< =~ sees oo ae eee 1668
pallids:< =) eee 1668
Banisteriopsis..- -- = eee 575
Barba. de.chivoles. {ea eee 1475
de: Juande Dios t= a eee 1675
bib aT: Saree rep Bae eg ois ess Boe 1507
Barpaseo eset 2 kat ee oe 1558, 1647
Barberry family 22 eee 268
Barbiorins! 3320250 se eee tee ee eee 470
BST Gt eee eee 1675
Barleriatiee 2 eee 1332
Barreto” Ss. 2 ee ee eee 1417
BSrischiele se ee eee 973
BUSOMICOTL a ee eee 1376
Basistelming oe ee eee 1176
Bassovies 2 ee ee a eee 1303
BASCAT Cin << 0 Se eee 759
Batatag oes eo en ee ee 1204, 1206
IBapeiee. ve sober eee ee 1316
Batidacese.. *o.-2-552 ke 263
Bai Gens ee 331
Batis eee 263, 1656
Bauhinis sees han A os eee 413
chlorantha:) == eee 1660
Givaricatal. ---. Se eee 1660
[DT 4 0 F: Meee ere eg iene Sere 1 1660
LORGILOTO SS ee ee 1660
TUN OES ee 1C58
DenISulanis S.A ee 1660
Bayberry tamilly = Se ee 164
Bay-cedarifanmuly 3 538
Bec fami Se ee 429
Beancanmiea =e ees 97
Beppinen eee ee 1597
Beeeh iamily = 22 171
Beetwood family: 22. so ee 145
Behari ee ee 1091
Mexicana 6s eee 1679
Beronias 2S ee 855
Bence angarilla 22 eee 1678
blancos == Ne ee eee 1135, 1680
chino ee nee 1675
chismuyo? es ee eee 1594
Ge sjO! 2 Ce ee ee eee 1315
de berate ee 1386
de: berrsco2 ee eee 1386
de coragala ee eee 1646
de-cortal eee 1318
dehuicos: Be 2s eee 1316
Ge mula) See =e re a a eee 1558
? Page
BCI UC ASU ACO eee oe veteran ON 1655
LCS Sea ee eT eke ee eee ERS 1668
Legiiiin oA seater ee Se Lt 1314
ended Oreos ss seein Peete Fay 1315
PCR Zetec ee eS ene ha me 1314
EOS“ OTH OS Gene anne ne ace So Sy vg LO 1315
eC Cr OR Seer ie es a ee 1318
PES CH a ci pl Sener BS) SS nace Ss) ENE 1073
eloneroness = sass pik oe ee 1348
TORRES 2 ei SE Se oo eh ES 1347
SBEIOPETONOIG CSS 82 5 Soy ee 1348
Belotiaeest score Bane oe i 737
OLED 1§ ores aes os Sa Na ew ge onl. 1673
SranGioliase sors ae el en 1673
(ERCLATTIRS (1) 11 a a rae ECL Cy 1673
LEY SUPT S Sey a tesa ice ase Pa 1673
EO CONG SoG. Aoi t or fe Neem alee EEE. 1673
AAS CAI he ee = wos dn cin Ness mele Ore 1673
JBYVR EE 3 ASR ee de Seen ee RE al 1645
Henphemmant has sss. aor ea sesh. 477
TAMA GH Gl wescw es Se Faas ie nas eee 1664
CHIa pen Sis eeyieo se a an OE 1664
plaelider:- Sra mae ee Sie sion PO 1664
DUET CE ODIRY Hae ese oe te IS 1664
TORE SU AI OY Et eco etc a See feel 1664
EGU IS iat eet wn Aas ar ES 1664
RO Olatames sens Sabet oe ee Ee poh Beate 1664
Uh PE iiteeeenere Sere ancy: Ree) eS 1664
InGEMOnIGAGedp Sls ets teen ee 268
EB CTUCH ISM ee Le > en 5 a Se 269, 273
JS YETRGVEYS NS ca ee tt a Ak en lg PN 1311
VOLS ONO CACTUS ene erent oe en we hE ey ee 901
Bere eslan em tees Bee nS eee eee 1394
VOLPI eee a eee soe OEY eee 1337
ISAS EEG SESS at coe Sayin ale pipe Bee Be hint 632
SRS CLOUULOUDa= soe 2 aCe ee ee 1670
FEXEVTO UR tee eee ee eee Ce ere 789
LGU UT ae eee ee RT, See en aee ape Es es 1510
BES oni ian sees Oe oe See ae ee 1328
TB YSU RW LIE CSTE SE Ba a tee ae St 167
Biden ssesse ste Sars es ee 1590
CROCR ee ae ee ee eee 1576
SP REREA TONS Se ig 5 la at es ag 1566
SIRUEICOS eee te ee ee eee 1566
DILUTE ee oe oe Oe ee 1591
ROCIUILE TIS ee eee eat ee ee ee ees 1557
OCTET Ee ae ae ee ee as 1591
PILOT ETERS tenon ee ae eee oe ee 1591
PAG CLORITNON UC YLCDIS se nae eae eens 1490
CORUILD DIO a ee en eee 1493
LU SE eee ree ee ee em 1490
GRUININOTLI Sens ae ee ee eee 1491
graveolens latisquamea__-.---------------- 1496
PACER ETD Een ee ere ee one ame 1492
RTICUL Oe e 1497
ELLE ORD ame a ae A pee 1490
ODDOSIUOUG 2. a eee 1463, 1489
paniculata__._---------------------------- 1496
parishii__...._---------------------=----- 1401
pulchella___------------------------------ 1495
pyramidata_____.------------------------- 1491
spathulata____..-------------------------- 1489
tridentata __------------------------------ 1493
veneta__.-------------------------------"- 1492
wrightii___.--.------4-------------------- 1492
$ ; Page
Bignonia: 223 ...2.2.5.= 5. Wee ha 1314
aesculifoligs:=. 2a ee eae 1319
andnieumite= 2 =) = a eee 1318
buceinatoria... 2.222 2-5 > 1316
chrysantid=> = 3 1321
diver stfolias: -3-25-) 1 > 2 a la 1315
echinata:=. io sh 3 > et ee 1315
family’s 02a) ete ee Se ae 1313
forsbwndas- == 8)» haa 1318
ghiesbreghtii sas aso oe 1316
leucorylon i= <5 ae Se 1320
Wnearign soe ae ee 1322
itoralig= 2.358 as. eS ee 1318
ponictinines 22 Se, ae eee 1315
parelliferas a= xis: ee Le oe a eee 1318
pentaphiy la -< 2 e e e 1320
SlONS: 22a 3 et el oe 1318
VININGS Soe te a ee 1322
Bignoniaceaes 2 ys ee ee 1313
Biig = tot a te ek A es ee 690
Biophytiim's.0... 32 Ae ee 517
‘Birchcfamillys: shige al 167
Birthwort:family==--— se eee 238
Bittersweet family =>: © - 222225 s 676
Bixae seu Bares nor ot uae be a ee 834
Bixhumit S32 Se ae ee eee 1395
Bixvlexe®. 05 2s Sh ee! foes eens 1645
Blackohaw 2) =: 392 eS a ee ee 1395
Bladdemut family" 687
Blakes ss - 2: aS he PO eo 107
Blepharodon'+==-=.2- 2-4 are 1176
Biueberry familys eee 1101
BOG Sa a2 bE sso Foe Bt ee ee 1645
BOCa vielaes sss ss ee ee meted BY]
BOCCONI AS ©. a3 = = 35 ee ee eee 299
arborea: <2 352-3. ee eee 1657
Bochertss 3 eee 1608
Boechmenay 25. = 53 oe ee eee 220
Boeriiaies<22 eee 261, 262
Bohadschia2.~ 2-3 ee S48
Bolles-- 4-22 3. ee SS 1658
‘BOvvOnIO = 2 Se ane 1137, 1138
iBombacacese= 2222-39 2a eee 786
‘Bom bake 2 Sos ee eee eens 793
BOMDYCOS PENI = == = a 1206
BOND Gl = oa = oe ee 141
Bou aS ee ee ee eee 1380
Bonete ca 1670
IROneCtOLe See ee eae 1670
Bon plan disa= =... eee ane 1213
Borage famillya- se es 1216
Borsazinaceae =. ---~= -2- <= 2a a aon nanan 1216
Borla'de Sansbedros: -0e.2-4-- ee eeeereann 1319
Borriehia. 2-2 -— eee oe oo eee 1538
Bosboron-_----------------------------------- 1400
Boshi--------------------------------------- 1503
Botoncillo__-_-------------------------------- 1368
Bourreria___--------------------------------- 1224
Bouvardia__.-------------------------------- 1359
angustifolia. ..--------------------------- 1362
bicolor _...------------------------------- 1363
bouvardioides-.-...-...----.-.----------- 1361
cavanillesti_.-.....--------s60-<-<-=-=<-=- 1363
chrysantha-.---------------------------- 1363
conzattii...--.-----------------=-------==< 1363
1688
Page
Bouverdia, cordifolia. =... =. 22-2 1365
(enmie. -- 8 oes ose ee 1356
dictyoneura.. =. -=--=-+-3..-.ssassasseu 1364
GiSC0LOT 252 se a ae ee ee 1356
englichit <= 22 Soon teens A eee 1362
Cs a re ee ae rey ae 1364
HUGO 8 foe oe a oS sas soe nee 1363
WOsAONWIUMNS = = = ost oo ae 1364
plabenkintn s. = 6 2 Set = SS ee 1361
pracvined= <2 22 ot os i ee 1364
GUERIN ed SS ke te 1364
eee) C126 4 eee ee ene ee ae ne 1363
te a aa ee 1362
ROMULCBN ALS 2 ak eae 1362
PDOLEUCE! 8 aa = oe ee 1361
eth |: a a ann eee se eee 1364
NR COUAN ee oe se ee 1362
NO WAS ba ea Or ee oe os eee oot 1363
SG SS ee oe ee 1364
1 bal ne ee ee eee ree ae 1365
Nein tN gies = oo ok ek oy 1361
pality eee =i ae eee ae eee 1362
MOEN OTE fet. oa a to ee a ae ee 1365
LTE UE eee Sen a ae ee Se Sere ee 1364
PMO G Sie 2 eS 8 one 1363
BORG AS = oe = ee 1363
PITRCM OVA se ose te ek Ser 1362
TCT) SS ae ee ee 1363
RARE OF eee = o> a oe ee ee 1363
CTC) ae ey ee a a ee 1363
DEBORA a ty So Ae. ke 1364
BESTA YS: 2 0 ee ek Se 2 1361
LE ee eS ee 1361
RUS ie Ieee 2 = 3 oe a a ee 1365
quaternifolia See ee aa ers ae = 1362
UMNO TUONO = + 2 ak A ee BS ee 1363
MnO UenHREV RUS. o2e5 aw eo eee ere 1364
Oa) oe Se Ee ee eee pee Pe 1364
ORO RSS eo ht eS ee a eee 1365
ROSE isp Bete ee a et 1364
CS ert Mie St ees Ce ae ee eee ee aes 1361
R65) 01) (6 ee ee. 2 i Ne re 1361
RETRERLE LUTE uO 2 a ee ee 1363
ITED OT Sik SNe eS ee 1362
STIDCORGGSS = eee a ee 1362
PE NULR TOON O22 ee ee 28 a oe ee 1362
CeHeO eo Sa ero. Bae see ae 1362
LRBTIEOMIB See = 22 as ae 2S ah ee 1362
CONGO SS Se ee ee ES I ena 1362
YT U g n e e e 1363
UU CTE Se ee reap te Ss & 1362
DEP SIDOROR SE sO en eS Se 1363
NOUR LON Nae = <— ee e 1364
SMU RRS] Pe ine SER ee ae eS eS eS 1363
Sen 07) oe ea ae a eee ae | 1361
TTA CCE eee Cae er ee ae 1362
ROSTOOLGES Hs 2 Stee os fee ee ae 1365
Boxstamihy ss —o20 2 Se oS ee eee 653
TOROS Geer ee SS ee Se eee Ne 1492
ISSAC CUR RIG Me, See eS. See ee See aes Se ee 1302
Jeri Te ies eee eee Se Se ee eee 1485
Brad Duryea os ee ee 504
PB TEU Gye ee et cc ee ba! 2 75
C(O See ee ee ee eee 1644
Jodie SiN ee Sere eee See ee dw ee ce eet eee 1359
PS ESS UT eae ae eae ee et etal 2 1672, 1673
IBrsiy ais eee Oe ert 2B SS en Sn eee eo 1335
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
> Rage
Brayodendron a. - 3 = <2 ee ee ee 1127
Ire wera. + <2 50 Aa ee 1194
‘BU CUNO 222. =o eas ee ea ee 304
Brickellig adenocarpe-_- 2-2-2 ee ee 1482
OVGULG = 3 aoe a Se 1483
DOLE = eee ae 1482
BRC COS ke ee ee ee 1477
brandeget-- <2) en Eee eee 1483
CON ORNICO 2.2 a. oS Se ee 1478
COUCTILES RS a Pe 1481
COV OSENSE = sooo ch ee 1475
OUTAGES 2 DO oe Bk ee 1479
SOULILETY- = 28 ee ee Se ee ee 1477
CuSpiOnta oes ee 1477
evylindracea: =. _.-2 22-2 ee 1475
CUM era.. 5-2 see oe ee 1477
WlOTiDUNGE:. <= ee 1482
Jrutescens—°./2- = ee ee eee 1475
Glew = ee ee ee 1478
glatrite-..:-<- ==> 22 a ee eee 1477
glomeraig-- <<. 2 a ee ee 1479
Qlusinostis— 2.3350 oo on eke er 1478
TOU ON 2 oa ne oe eee 1475
ROT CUP ioe oe oS 1480
TRL Ee oh pe a 1477
NCDECOT DO = 22s an Soe 1479
nebecanpoides==— 22 -e ae ee eee 1482
WACUN OY 9c ce oh oat Ss aaa oe 1478
lonntis. 2. ne nas he cane ee ces 1483
LOCO ne 1480
(eNINON —< . hos e aeo eene 1476
MOCKOMECTG 6 2 eke ao eos ate meee 1483
WEORIOAON- <a 1477
Mmicronnylit------2-=--+ 22 —= = ae 1475
NEON 222 ona ase eee Le 1479
oligdnthes- 25 22 oe eee 1476
OFUZONGENSE i322 eee eee 1481
UCI OUSIS = 5 <a ee 1482
WOUNET SE Sone Soe on ee 1479
paniculati.. £7. 55-25 So. eee 1480
DORE Fo ea ee ee aa ee ee 1480
ENMU. 2s SU a ee 1481
DENINSUUITIS 2 225 25 yok ee 1483
DEV OPNANG -< as a ew ee ne ee 1479
DING lets So ot nae so ae 1476
ELIOULQUY= Sooo eo a 1476
rhompolden=~ = == 52-2 ee 1483
VOSMLESIO So = ot ee a ee ee a ee ee 1481
SG lenste 5 ee Se ee 1481
SECUNUINON 025-5 = o422- = eee 1480
SLEMIONIT. = ee ee 1481
SDUNULOSO= S253: a ee 1475
Ssquamulose-2= 222 oe ee 1475
8QUOTTOS0 5.2 28 = saa eo ene ee 1481
PONENT R= anos Soa ese eee 3 LATS
tomentella:s =. 2 2s 1480
DONO8O ose nae ee eee 1476
DETDEND CE: = 2= == eae ee 1476
VernicosG=- 225 s2e 2S ee 1475
OTA QHIRE 22-32 ee 1478
Brongniartias:.-- += 466
alamosana-~ 22.2.5 22s sa eee 1662
aneustata:—-22---5s—-cos= ease oe eee 1662
argenteas. = 2 S254 Se 2 a Se eee 1662
bilabiata=-. secs 0-4 -- Seeeeeee 1662
Cseciiae. S - o e 1662
Can. escens:<— = 26). Joo tase 1662
————
Page
Bronesmiarhia |birsuta.- =... os 1662
TAGE RITRG EEN See ee fee ey Mee 1662
LO SOCURD Oe en ee ea a er 1662
mmiinitifolia canescens.....----- 9 1662
DOME OSM CUM eae se een ee 1662
aMule ate eee oes Secale a 1662
ISTICUM OBA Sanne a eae en ee 1662
MOnalynoidese-ser ae ean ce 1662
OWE eles eeten ae oe eee as he ee OE 1662
SET Cer Ry A 5 ere ee ee Ee RT Sy 1662
SOURIS OS We seeeeee ren Se Nee ee AL ne 1662
SS TADTTDAT = 1 es = 5 Re ge STEP EN 830
PLO OTIS WGC cae en ae ne we 1486
PEER OSTISTUN bree aes eee eo ee a Re 213
PEGUISSOMLCU eae er oa Ge eae a A Se 435
IBRD Es | a See nee 1486
LETTE EE SE Oe EE Se 1284
LETC LS 5 Se OR RSE Eee ee ome 1657
SUNG Chae seen Seen See ee 1657
ES ULC 1 Cl clan eee ee ee te ee Ae 1030
IBC kinOnMe amy 22 22 ee 710
Biuckwheatwamily. - 2c. o + 3 eee re 241
IDOI ee ee a eee ee eee ee 1143
UB DUSM eee se ee nse 222 ae A ae 1680
JS UAD Rs 5s 2 NE ee ee ee 1368
IRDA a a ee oe ere ee 813
Ginn, = ee ee Sea ky (G)
EB LUOS EY LSICU OM UIC 2 sae oe ee ees 1478
GULL TER ULE SRR a= eee ree ea a ee 1481
MEILOIC Ose een amen = eee a ee 1460
RODE CUM Dibner eee a a oe re 1479
LN Se ee ee ee eee ee 1483
IACHODILU UL Wrest Be meet ON oe ee 1475
LETT) CLELEN OLE E Set ea rt a re 1480
OUTUIELILES tS ee ee 1476
DEON CULOS WO ija oe eee te as ears 1448
DEN 2 a8 ene re Oe ES 1481
MOLICIULOLD — =~ eee wa a ee 1476
ie SS ee an ee eS 1483
SCOROGONMIULP) OMG eee 1480
SECUNAUI ONO ee ans 7 os Sona eee 1480
SDUNUCIOE/ ONG Sasa a eo sees aa 1452
PEROVIIC MELO ee ia a ae es Sen 1478
I, TITHG Lae a ae 2 ee ee 1115
SDI Ones eae a a coe 1679
WUNCHOS Mess = = se be Ss a aoe ee 566 ©
MODNDICO= 22 = soe a on soos oe ees 1668
JEST ON ee er ee 1538
ES PEL A Ce eet 1075
SULT 3 CN a ee ee ae ae ee 546, 552
QCUTICETIS nee oe Se es Se ee ee 16638
LOTICHO PIV IG a= ana a ee 1668
sphaerocarpa.----.-_------===------==---— 1668
STON DY LL eae: aa eee ee 1668
WBUISCLACCAC ee aaa n= eee eae 542
IB TESLOUTIUOTIL ie ee ee ee ee 1466
Buttercup family) ----- 2 =--e===s—a—= === a 266
BiGtonbus tee =e eee ee 1368
Buxdeese.. 2-225. 22se eee ese 653
IBWAUS_------------------=- ~~ ~~ - =~ ~~~ =n 653
CHINENS UR oe eae ee ea 1671
Byrsonima. --------------------------------- 564
GU GLILe ite ere Be oe eee ee 1108
Cabo de hacha_-_----------------------------- 1672
1375
(ara Guill COs sae en ee eae eee
Page
Cacaltatcordifolig = 2-2. as sa) e ae ee 1471
linarig cs <n oe ee ee 1613
PORES CHE - See Le oe LOSS Tiss 1635
@acanapazie=--cu.-28- t= a ee 1380
@agao-family=-st-23abes 1. Ue ete eee 794
Gacsoch6is f.- ec. > = Pe a eae nee 1359
@acaporos: S222 see 1660
Gachanilia-< 252s 3 ee 1510
@achimillacs-. oe. - A ee 1510
@achodeitor0sc 222-2 ed 1320
Gactacenes 0-7 25.5. 5 Wea eee ee 855
Gaehusss 2. -ke3 5 7 os ke ee ee 955
ESCROUSTCT I yo he) ge ee 1678
OAXACONSIS 23 = 8 25 er 1677
Waesalpinige. = 2.2 ea. oa 420
CACAIACO Sse sie At see 1660
gilliestiicn se Sete 0 ee eee 1660
MEXICANA = S- Sies Ae Se es 1660
OLCEPAG 2 a2 ae te eee ee en eee 1660
Dalmeri\ 2 25: eee cs 1660
Platvlobas2 =. soe ee ee 1660
Caesalpiniaceae 2025-5. 8 400
Cate. e252 on) ba ee ee 1387
CUNATTON =e en ee ee 1393
Gafecillon =... aes Pee 1393
Gatfotillon.: 2. oo. 2 hee ee 1393
@ahuiita 6 oss ee ee ee ee 1644
@ainca. > e222 SO ee ee 1386
@alanusic- 2 22222 2 See ns 503
Galabacero= =... 22-2 <2 a2 eee 1324
Calabash!) 2: 2 ne 1324
@alabaza. +... == [2 oe 1324
@alabazolce=* = 422. es ee 1324
Calamintha22. 22 eee 1273
@alancs:. 2.5} ot bs ee 1615
slates... 278522 So ee 1672
@alatolas.2-). 2257825 Ve ee 688
Waevigate,.2< 22.2 ee ee 1672
@alatole. 22 Se See oS 1672
Goldasia-2 =. 222 Ne oe ee ee 1213
G@alea:..- ===. 2:5 see oe oe 1591
Sibid@. 22) 2-2 Set ee 1593
OUINGTIS 5S oe 1595
brandégel-.2)---: 2-2 ee 1595
Cacosmoldes==2.--- 3) 1596
discolor. .=-4 22-5 ee 1595
CLEQONS 25 ae ee ee 1555
prayile.-~ 2-22 = ea ae 1595
Hy poleuca. > -2.2--5-£< 55.2" ese eee 1593
integriloWlas< 2 so sseseso eae eee = 1594
leptocephala.<-- 2-25. -2-----—-= - ee 1593
Webmannie. co) oe oe eee eae er 1596
longipedicellata=. == ce. aa ee ee 1594
WMSMICALWe 2a aoe eae ee 1596
TIGISGNI Se eee eee 1593
OTIZADACNSIS= 2-2 22-22 -8 =- eee eeee 1596
ACH Y PHY Ua a oe om em nee ee 1596
DED GICl soos os oe eee eee 1593
rugosa -_..--------=------------------------ 1594
TU DOSULIS. 2 - Soe =o =n ae ne eee 1596
galmesetolia-242-e.e— aaa oe eee 1593
scabrifolia.. 2... = "2-222 1594
sessiliflora 1596
submembranacea.----------------------- 1594
tomentosa... -.--.------------------=<<5=== 1595
1690 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page Page
@alea'trichotomd = 23.224 1595). | swaprildlidceae. 2 ee eee 1394
Uirticifolig-. 2 tse 4-68 es oe Fee ee ee 1595 Conmilohimn=—_2 See 1400
zacatechiehic ttc so ee 1593-1681 || @apulin corona: = 20: A282 see eee 1377
Caldaties. 2-4 ee eee Togo.) Capnlincilles( 2 2c ee eee 1672
Calnunia=e eat 2 ee Se eee eee THiG; | Cardiospermmm .<te0 ne ee eee 700
Calipanus-- 2 SS ee eee 97 WY SMACIIN Ses Se eee 1672
(Walanidnaas 352s 8 ee ane eee 383 SDINOSU Ne ee ne ee eee 1672
UO TMALG Sia Speen FSS Fy oS NGOS | + CONE: ae 8 ee ere ee eee 1419, 1423
RATIO BEE ess SSS SI eee 16587) |} Garicn.2aes ee ae tee 2 see ee eee ee 851
PID USEONEAN A ee Ss Ae ee 1658?" Cariencene se eer ook oe ees 849
TANGINSSRI A Ses Roe MD OES 1659" || Carmn@anars( .e ee eee 1398
Tenaya oe RS ee eee aE eee 1653'. | “Garlowrightiay 932-2 eee 1339
CORUNA = 52S Sekt eee 1658 DTN A ree ee eee eee 1348
SOIGE 28 428 ee #658) |) armani i ewes ee eee 1641
BOCOLTONSIS== 2075-9 Se eee 7658" |; Carnopida.=+ -c- #27 st sae ent ee eee 909
NCAR rissa tym a 3 oe FE ee eee 1253 Corcinen ee eee 792, 793
COI GONh = 2-> 26s 3 se 2 es 2 251 Carphepiontse eee ee eee 1597
@Galecarpumi. 2-9 a3 ee eee 1120" |) Carpininste. er = eee ee eee 169, 1648
CRION VERON 225 a sao ase Se ee eee 1201>|) Carpochsete-- 22 te eee 1471
BCULARU IE 22 yop sche 9 oar hoe he Ee 1680.) Carticitlo: = 2 eee 1644
Pi riCAtuMl <2 sss aos 1680: ¢| | Canrigge sean o=se rene ies ee ee 1446
Cilonhines e222 2e3 222 se 1333, 1335 VCEGGs8. rs ee eee 1644
ARREST EN PATRI ED Seon, 9 By eS BE Bis 2 a eS eA 2 | OSPR eee ee ere ee eee 1371
POR ee an hele ed nk y oy + a Ee 1675 OTUs ee ee en a 166
COLOR 9 Seen eh ves + 3) ay ONT 28 oe eee NSE 1070 diguetti = 22 ae eee 1648
(MO BORON a8 2585 2): es) D8 O06 (|) (Casncg= iets = ee ea eee 1673
TAR ET AG oe era ee SS ey SS NS SO AS og 4637.1) Casanincaso: == 8 2502s ie eee Gy
[Ori eel a] AR LD WC tee beeen ee a pe ee tee TS65':]) Gasearines =) oe Se ee 843
CaRVeorectGs Ss = 5232) sere ae ost hae s 5 OL FO 1033 Goltichophyla ee eee 1676
Cag TaHN0S 3285 2 en 15051592" |" Cashewilamily <= es ee ee ee 655
Wal ypipeni theses 2s ae ek 1083 3] Casimiton =e es eee 526
Calyptrella...2 22252252. er 1057 Watson ee eee eee 1667
CUA OAONG ts to ks OR fe ts 8 BS7 /|) asain =< ewte= noth ye eee 400
GRO INOEY NO -<.2.4 esse on to Sb YES 76 BLOAT ge el See ee ee 1659
COULNTIL OLSON a as ee Ao ee 1035 DICKDSTIATIS <a ee eee 1659 |
WAHAB 9p es Se 1586 Ditteras see es eee 1659
CP EVIR GN) St tas os ee 8 a SE 1365 ETAT LE el er ee eee 1659
OOD ey oe ee ee AL 1376 ONTRO DOES oo ao Oe? Oe ER eee 1659
(Civics net ee Se SE ee eee ee eet 1367 Uiniflona sss) 5 es as Sethe See eee 1659
(UCC T 1 ee ERE eee eee eee eee 244, 245 | WISHZONI 2 2 ee eee eee 1659
EERO DOU 8 cnr hax 4 sone on BE Pe TSSL) |) Create Se rsh ieee hoe ne a 685
MeERanMIarO}: =3 2 ee G59) ib bctesaiy tenes 28 5 cot onay 8 eee eee ee 287
Wea ee sek es Bs od eo RE IBD: : GOstel aes 2 bss eee oF ae Sey) ee 2 ne eee 539
POLO 1 ELE ea ee ee ee eee 1644 Castelarigs: = 2's ss 2es Sete Aaa o! Ae ee 539, 540
CCN RN i ee oe 04 Ht CAS DIL = Sas Se ne eee ae ee 214
BLO es = tee aa ces ee 1666 Castilldds s32 25as> 18:9 Bas Ber ee 214
(CETERA TO ao ee pr ae T39L || “Casuarina: $2285 4etes > 8495s ver eee ee eee 145
WAHGCICTO =. 524 en ee eS 1635 Cuteshacwrerectus = s2>.= es se are 1364
@andelilla de palos c=) sss 1668. |) Catharanthus:>-5==-= "5752" sys eee 1157
(OCTEO LTT VS ee Eee ee eee eee ee 1310 1, Cavengishia- >=: <5 5: = eres eee eee 1103
(O55 Loic ct: ee ee eR ie ee Ss Si ae 1323 | Gaxti dani: = 3s .=saews here Se ee set eee 1537
LC} rile] Ce a ee a ees Ee ee eee gs hs 1510) |) Gesnothas=12=¥0s9s52> = 02.3 “ener eee 720
@anelitarsia ob ewe as yen neat PE 41369) ||| Gebadilias -2h 2242 =9y inde cee RE eee eee 1362
(CORREO Sa. Sa ey i 1510; |i Gepetind = s-22 eee S as es Soe eee 274
ONIN COE rare we et rele ins SS 1386: | M@ebollins=\3 30-392 oat ire see 1315
Caniiinidevenado 2222 =e soe ee 2380 || Cecropia-c sa: 222 aee Bs a ee eee 216
(Gir rark st: ch ea ee eee en eee ere A A ean 13867 ||) Cedrela: - ssa. 7 a eee eee 561
OTE em eet coe ES 2 GP 830, 1211 O6iba c= 2322225005 seed AA eet Se eee 789
VUNG ena en es ce 1507: |, Gettunaesa- 23225 seas eee eae ee ee 1672
@apareh6 222 se ee ee Ee 1367 ||| @elastraceies.= 428522355 Se Se ae ee eee 676
Gaper family as. se A Se Ee 301. |< Gelgstruys > -= S<weske aus spas see ee ee 679
Crpitdneia-= 22k chante ee eee 10 1576 ||| @elosia= -3-2422<2422 4 =e ees ree 2 ee ee 254
Capparidacese-.--2.-2-22o22 ea ee Se 30%" |* Celis S22 22 =n eee sae ne 3 199
@aipparis:22>---s<5 14 =J54-e= ee eS 302: >|,’ Genigillawcte4= 2-88 2224 25 0 us0 See eee 1537
AOKHOSA AR seas soe shee ete 4 ees PIE: 1657. | Gentradenias=--<02-+ <42~ .04255>2 5 1048
TR See 8 sae a a I 1657 CEMSTOSEM ORE ts oat lnk 2 Se 505
PIOLACO le 5 ek ee eee 1657 Cephaelis_____ By Sof Eee Pee ates Nd Es 1391, 1392
Page Page
EDA ANU Mineo ke ees Gi Le hes el Oece ant POS i enublehaeas = 2-7 ees Rede l e ooee 1595
Se pb alaninusesseeee eect. ete rete ah ang 13685) g@hilco x. es.) 2Ne 2 1451
Wemhalocercuse sata! Geen ae Ue BAOE eGiilesdespeno=s === ean sean ee 1671
COMMAS Cee oe ee Lge L677, | a@bileranthemumes ss = = 8s) ae 1338
CHIR) DeLay ER oe a oR EUS Sate, fS66g Gillon ness we ay les el ee eee 1653
CORRES TSS ot RO A ae ee S20) 84); 3420 hil Opsisaa. <== 2 as 2, a ae 1322
MCGr ALO gee eee WOME wea We eee AT 2a @hil eo. ee ae 1670
CIITET SIS ee ae aN eee Tee Te, ee Pe eee any 1657 (Chimaliotes 22s ee ee 1446, 1447, 1586
CORE Ope RSs 2.2 iS oe ee 49 blan coe. 2s eae le 1586
(COAG OE See Te Ne clare Me neti ad VU DGB ea Clthsney aie ee ee eS 1089
Cha eaK ieee the ie a ee a et 4255 @hinaberryfamilyes. 9.4) 2 ee ee 553
MARGE UM See ate ee eee Le a a a dUeTE Us| | (Caveat See ae Ok SR Sera ee ee iyi te 1665
REMC OD EY Lees eee te es Sige ae LOGO A@ihiocoeeas= “ects orc 7. Skew Pathe eae 1385
BRON eC Nermwre eek Sinn a tee eRe eRe oe, 1660 CTU GTI S20L = Fase Nea x Te Lee = eal Oe 1399
SOMOLR CE a mison fe nee ee ent eee LOGON Chionolaena=..-2 a a 1511, 1512
(CLEC 5 ae eS CO EE De ae ALD SI M@ io pie es ee ee 1446
Wen cocanpiustesteree ns cone re ee te 3204|¢@hio ple 23-2. be alee ies soe 1446
BET UIVIN Ese eee a cae Ee SNS ee 1218 Ae Chipilines 2-2 32-22 Sateen eae ee 1660
CRT Gh 5 EE Oe Sa OEE Ses 889, 930 | Chiranthodendron___________________________ 796
(YT ct enc A Ie ASO Se ieee 16 G4 R@ hirlobirlos=--2-22- a ee ee 1319
OTE OSU Sata 9 na eee ae LOW |a@hiropetalum==-5 995-9 am sneer 622
ALES ORUL Pete a ro nt oe Ee Ree ew LO THA aChttontd. see to cea ee 523, 1065
CORIO Seek UO EE ee ae 1366-1) iGhivato grande... ..__- 4.2 = = ae 1658
(CONGR pee ee a ae ee Repeiee e 1654 ||) (@hloranthaceae-... -.2. = 2. 4. eee 156
(CSOT =e ee 1278: «@hlorephora. =... =) ee 202
RO HACHITICH Deere ete ot ve Pe eS ES15 SW @ noisy a5. 0 ee. ae ee 537
FETC LO COpmpees reese meyers Ie Sa ee Ae 1380); @homelias).. 5-2-2 e es eee 1383
(eincaiclolocemeree =! sae or Ge baat HSE A@howiOn que. <=. = ease ee 1637
‘ClOD TG Att. eA ae nee ae 1604 3 S@hopo-s-2o8 sk a 1648
(CHNTURATC ass es OS We A RE Sy ie a ny BIS | (Choristes: 55 a ee oe 1358
GIELOCO Lame tee Ree eR rr eS Ps ea Bee SOHO ee a ee aoe a 1323
CTT AD TERIA g ROS NSS SN OS ea JOSS" @hirysnctinin= 2.2.5 25-5, 1615
hnetopteleas. 2-2 ss-e = 2 ae Sete Je ee 198 Chrysobalanus?=.2 2-2: a ee 345+
CUBE TOS RN ee ne SE ee 1598 | Chrysodendron._._-----------------------<=- 271
(CUWNQND) oo 2 oes coe secese ence csseeeesoeEoacs 1521 | Chrysoma brachylepis......-_.--.------------ 1490
(Choed clave a2 a ea ee eee ae aoe 1510 Lariciolia. <2 2 = 2 ee ee 1490
(Shalche as ote eee ieee ee ee 1510 palmer Se 1489
Ghamaepallata-<- 2 Jessacss ceca es bese te 326 Darishtt tase 3 ee 1491
ONG UT AG j RT ee A SE ee 403, 404 | . Chrysophania_...__----._---.---2-_---2-2ee 1537
@harmnaedoea=se = sateen ose te eee (7 | a@iieysophylam 2 ..-.--25--- es 1114
iigats tat ere Ses A ee ee 1644 | Chrysosphaerium_....-_-.-------------------- 1596
EGE eee 1644 @hrysot Ramus = 22a ee 1495
Pipi sees te es. ete 2 ea as ICSE G etinittin 2 oe Gc ee ee eee is
(Cliayeneeiiel CSS ree 336 CCHaNDI O Wee ne 1342, 1349
Chamaerops -- - ------------------------------ 68 Chusquea---_--.---------------~------------ oF
Olinmacsyceseesn ian eee a as ee ee BOM at bobiumie =.= cee ye ee ee 47
Bi hnrvigillor sae aS eae Tg SE cee pie Fc ee AEE a 609
(CUONT BR) s errie 1656 C1CO ee ee ee Ne
Chamiso - - ---------------------------------- LOS MBalitos! suk on pa
(ChaiiSsOn ea eee ee eee 255, 1655 | Gien fugosia.___-----==---~------~-~-========= 786
G@hamol ised sss wees s mee wen ee es eee eae Lee ef pan DAO... 22 te ae 1531
Chancho del monte.---_-----.-----------_-_- 1334 Wipuapaiene =e eer 1414, re
Chaparro-.---------------------------------- ao (Wigunpa7 pee eee eee a :
pe tiene gore ae reer Biden 1346 ci aCe ES Ss 1413, 1444, 1531
Charaitzicua -- ------------------- aaa Cihuapa tlie = een one om
Cheirostemon-- ---~--------------------------- 350 Cinchona See a a a ae 1366
Chenopodiaceae - ---------------------------- ai caribaea eee ee ee ee mS a
(Slit 0c ae eee tae neh EES mop. | Cineranta angulate ————----a2nans2c0~aasanan= 1628
Chichaea------------------------------------- 70 lobata.__...------------------------------ 1632
Chichicaste---------------------------------- ae petasitis__-------------------------~---=- 1632
Chichipin----------------------------------- 1380 platanifolia....---+---------------------- lead
Chichipince®- - - -----------------"--=------"< 1595 Den oe 1697
Ste aa ee et Saal 1675 salicifolia__-.-.-------------------------- 1627
Be Te eects | tomas 1634
SA ene Raa VeReMEETGC NG) 27 1525 perticiata:...-.—-<<=--ate4=22025= a eeee ee
Chicura-----------------------------
1692
Page
(Cd a ae oe ee ee es 1324
Glsshnipelos 2 >= <8 #2522562 22 eee ea 273
ISSUSSS to ee ea es ae 730
rhombifelia-.--..2- 4+ S See 1673
(CiSfaCone ys ok esses ee eee 832
CASTER Ee ee) Eg. ala eee) pln te 833
@minarex vlnin oes ea Ser eet 1237
GRIDER EA Cet ee a 285
ine pati 2. 22s es i a 1531
@ilappigisetes 160s en cas pv 1599
UOT OCHS Sono 2 13 ce EE Ns 1608
GlAnitie ese 26 226 5 olan oe ea ete 1316
GE VEN ces se ta ta et a 4 1431
(A LDAGET WSs 25 32 Ri Sse sees a 1475
OLEUHAOUCIIED 2 9 cn toe oe ee eet SA 910
TU) Ce a are eee | 266
PUSrOUONGTUNE -<~ -A Sst eS oe 1252
“CULL es eee Sere See ee eee 6 bt 1088
NAAT to en ee ea CN ea 1679
CEH EN ee et es ee 823
HD ae In Se oa eh hs 1517
UNDG) 010 oe ef 1071
CUTTS AS. SL 1058
ON THACOTAR HIS: =) 4c ee foe. Use 491
SUG) 02) 06108 6s ee eB + ole 1273
OU a ee ee ee «| 493
METTLETLO COSTE 92 os 2c 1607, 1608
RE YS ees a a eee ce 824
CURD 1 ea ee eee ae, 528
Or) bt La ee ae I 346
POTENT SELON A he Say ee P 636
RADI UN OTS oo — as ce ce 1670
POITIER eo ee oe ee 1670
GORURDLS =. cot oe RS 1658
RONOCA ATHY, «2% aoe: = i ae 518
ROO DA . 6 se ceo ee ke ee 243
(Ciingte) 1 es co ee a ees a 1655
ROMOeGAANS 5.0 ee! Ot ee 1655
PONTE a 28 28 8 Oe ae ne a 274
BERNE DTG fie rts oe) as ho Se 962
Sochlospermacese: 2. 2. ..-..- . ee 836
Rochlospen MUM =~ 2-2 = te 836
REC OLIC See so ee tek i Ans > eke ee 1665
E0010: Oe ae ee 1647
(SOCOIMGCAUN en ee 1646
RP OCOS ae eb en ee ee 82
Goelesiimaiagenatoidee ee 1421
VIDA Ee oe OO BERS OS Sener a 8 ee pL 1421
CORTULCU Pe AED 4 ey Le 1421
COTUTIDOS 9.8 Se ee ee es 1421
FSOCOTD ROU ER ee 1419
(CO [1 ha a eae FE 1421
WUITRENECE MS ho a 2h oe 1420
BORUTIISCIL =k ot 1422
BULL D DAU HDs oo ey a ee 1421
SUL TET ICOS Ue ae pe ok a fn ie 1421
COTE TOS = Se eo Fs ea eo ane 1421
AS ofies:< <e-oo ng e E _ hh al et 1387
RO OH GR 4 dos ree a 6 eet ee 1387
ROG ays eta Ce Ns a a ee ae 796
Gevardillas. = (ss. a) a oe aeepme bye 1344
(oT e irc ict) (es 5 Saleen Se Ree ae SE AOE Se 1645
Ge Mpenicos 22 PEs.) a els ee 1672
ey MeSCad 0: 5292s 2 fk fa: Bo. a eee 1644
(3 OW) yh ee EE 2 ees 1484
Mo ldonig ss ee epee eet code arenes 1228
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Moleosanthus S05 2S. Sess ee eee
Sdenocarpusss es eee
BY SUUUS = 25 oe sa Se ees See ee
OTIS Tass 2S s8 2 5285 es i eee
PIANGOePel: aise se a 26 nhs eRe Pree
eCalifornicus === ee = Sar se eee
COuanilestis ness hoe ee eee
CEOTORENSIS 222 <== tit Te eee tee eee
COUN ens 2a Se rns en ee
CUSpId atts: a2 55.09" (0075 ota eee
cyhndraccus-23 52 ea eee
frbescens =e ee ee ee ee
Galeottit=: 2220 Fes hs es eee
glabratus:<- 22%.) 3 eee
glondilosue sto: 93s 5 See
glomerdtus ess ee
glutinosusss222 2428 eee
astatiign=s sss) .s ses as Sey See
Ihehecarpusss 2" 5's) oss ene eee
LACINIAETISK soe S088 oor. = eee
[aTACUS SS <oo2 Sos tse oe eee
mAcromerus= 2 s02 i eee
MebrAlodOnis Sef eee
INCLISSCETOLIUE 82S > tar eee
microphyllvs so. es eee
TIGUSOEH AS +. eek Se ee
oliganthes2 see
OnzADRENSIs se a ee es ee eee
Pacey ensiss 5s se es
paler 3-2 Ae ee eee
Panicwid has." es re ee a eee
povpanthenvsss = 222 See eee
Dringleis< se eee
TON CUIATIS= 25-2 eee
PIGS Se ee ee ee
Saitiliensis "3 (ee eee eee
Spinulosus*.2 2 ee
Squamolosus! <3. oe eee
VENOSUSS 2s eee ee
VELDRNACOUS ae oe ee es
Vernitosus= oe See ee
CWolotagiie = r=2- 82 22 25-00 Pee eee
@olubtinas:. 2292 ae ee sp Sh Bea
californica. 064 2 ee eee
Page
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1482
1483
1478
1482
1477
1483
1478
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1475
1477
1477
1475
1477
1476
1482
1475
1478
1477
1481
1479
1478
1477
1479
1478
1483
1480
1476
1483
1477
1478
1475
1479
1476
1481
1482
1479
1480
1480
1481
1483
1476
1476
1476
1483
1480
1481
1481
1480
1475
1475
1481
1478
1480
1476
1476
1475
1478
1476
717
79
1645
1656
1674
718
1673
Page
Colubrinaielomerataees—-- ee 1673
PVOR PIs oa aoe el NS eee a eI ED 1673
NEtEKONOUT a: 3S 2k pets oie ay STEN 1673
CEDICAN A= at ee Sev alates h aly x NT ais ey 1672
Wolnimmned sss" slain se tta wees e a: lanl yale 1330
MEE DUS Se 8 Sx Wires oe oe See eee 1681
STEHOPHYilateae as eae e ss Ae e ee 5 Sek 1681
(CO TALT pS nt aan eee 479
Wolttians a: == sreunr ls bok a, hs OS OO 1664
(CLEOTO ACT UE ee 1095, 1097
Wombretaceae: #2 ses « 22s Ye FE 1028
(Com pretumM jaan 3 4-2 eters ess oS el 1031
PAPINOSUMUSS > 2% =a Sas. Aan oy se Ce 1678
INMCXLCAMUIM =a 2-470 seas 5 - ee 1678
Womimicarpus 29592 Se a eee 262
Gomocladia 255022 05 sh sho SIT 662
TMACrOPH Vlas? ass base = hs » 1671
MLOLISSIM A= * + Jae Fee es se ss Soe NS 1671
(Womipiowe see aa Fes a ee se nn gee 1668
Gompsoneurd ya tse ss er 4 «Pees en 284
(Sonanthusnss sat ota «ero ye nov <r a 1215
Onc heel ee a! he 58S) eos ES 1659
Wondalia sees sas sii oie esto hehe ts eS 713
PLODOS Hees sass a Shah ee ee ee 1672
anh yi ee om Raabe eB oe sy nc Pe 1672
(COT LOR re enanen S 2s = Se NS hoe es ee EAE 1672
AP ONMALACERO Eases 6 se oh ar aS SSS. = oe 345
CONOCARDUISHe ste seas Noho ed WE oe FT el ee 1029
Conochiniwm Gu nt= 22-25 252222228 22 22s se 1468
RUMERUNALTIOS ba oe as 2 e> vs On ee RE EEE 1453
OUIGOLED IS Ge see we ae os A eres a ye PE 1468
Wonosteniae a= ==s=ss k= Sih ns ve she OER 1059
Wloninay er des ss soe a tee Reet! ay Leer 1362, 1609
Convolyulacesetet= = a ee 1194
(ODT ATH TIO a 1196, 1197, 1208
COU ZUG ae eee en) 1 beds oo Sead eee 1510
CSDOT IH Re Be ere ere 1509
CONTEST aaa s = ne sn a ee eee ee 1510
OCT TASS or mes ARS 5A 425 = 282 AE 1510
ENUNETUL Es bere Awe Farms iie Taint « - 1507
WOnZaibianehesss 2s a9) sewn ene Se 2s naa 427
MUGLLOra sas ase ee eens ee tee Yo MEE 1660
Copaifera s= se ss ean ad eee Rese eeocee 430
(ChOp By alee ane ye o> eee = ae ete BEEN 1671
COD alae net ay 2s os ele aes ee AE 1668, 1670 |
detlanValr Penis) 254s esc eae saws eee 1668
(Wopalchia tamarrts fa0 3 sakes WSs os Setos eee 1367
C OPAlillo a2 shes ele eas sno So 28 kA aes USES 1670
Op Bea fed be ee er tos ES 1520
Clopalqtinys sora ase sos ess 2sssst seer 1367
CODETTACIO Sa ah eee oss 3 see sess zest: ES 73
opete sass sea hi es ons eo Ses SSIES 1319
(Cor le as Se oi eee ee Fs ee se hs SEE 1380
Woralillone Ses aes 5 See en ek seals 1379, 1380, 1400
WorchonuS222552 5 =F. 22s ae sees iss: 736
GOnd ia es ae as eee 1216
Baas a nt eS oe Se eee 1681
alliQdOrasesss> sao sense n neste eae ee 1681
ID OISSIOnie: aos er oe ene 1681
OVata sas ee ee Se 1681
SOTIOL AGE eae ee eee ee eee enone 1681
Cordicn@=2 7-7 ee 1372
Wordonciwlon ae a ene ene 1337, 1647
(GOrecOChE PUSS! sess sae a eases ae eae 1589
Ole ODSIS tate aaa ea 1586
ZED MONT osc onc anee e acess oaaseeeoces 1578
1535
COUNT Asem eee ace eee Oe
Page
Conethrogynere22 ti aPs sees aben da Sa Seles 1493
COriarianse- <9 pessoas Be tes De ie Ae 655
Cormonemas Ww 258. SiN eros so eae 718
biglamdulosd =e ns Se os es ee 1673
MLCT ACONM Ss 22 Ayo 55 WEL ee ae a 1672
MU flonan 2 82 2: See 8 Ps 1673
NELSONS eat se A ead ee 1673
Cornacede a3. 252 sas 2 ee ee 1084
Cornetazs = 2230 2s eine a 1316
amlarilla a fos oo eee ee eee 1319
COTrnidid-= 226 eee eyed eR, ie 308
@ORrnusS: 2. S22 se52 eee es 1086
(C@orntttia: Ses see Sa eee 1251
Corregielasos ss 8 se 5242 ee 1655
Cortez: 20s Sa oet 5. aes 2 ae 1321
amarillO::23.2222+25.4-52 ee 1321
blanco: S225 2225s. 982 ae 5 1320, 1321
COyOtess<: 5-2 ee eee 1321
NCLLOs2 wt Ss cose ne ee eee 1321
Cortezaiamarillas2>.- 9. eee 1321
Ge Chivio 2222s sass ca ee eee 1320
Cory nostyliss-- 225s eee ee 837
COfY DRG =sae52252 22 <2 ees eae 73, 75
@oryphanthas. 2. 2s eee 963
Stwelzlet= 2... 22-2 eo ee ee 1677
Ory thea: ==. =< 2s 34 eee ee see 649
Cosmophylium:----2+-. eee 1563
@OSMOS 3 ene ee oe 1591
@ostarricd Ss 22 2-2eceesdsese atest eas 1372
Cotoneaster: 4-2 3200-2 ee eee ee 337
Cotton-tree family---=__ 786
C@ouepla-s2-s222 ees oe rccoccc eae 344
Coulterellai2 224 es ee 1516
Coumarouna s222-25ssksse see se sseeeene eee 430
Countlit= 3-223 See eee 1321
@oursetia-2-22-s222 -2225 2 ee 480
glandulosa: 32252 3S ccs ees eee 1665
Seleris: 2c- 2. eS Se eee 1665
vrgate.2-2 2-2 SS 1665
Courtaportla 2-2=:-=222-282<2sece2eeee 1351
@OuSSa p08 22542 -S22252 Sees ee 218
@olitarea =242- 2232224 s222222- 2 eee 1366
MeTICONG = =-2525 See eee 1351
Oovillea- 22223222 ssescicscec6 see eeee ee 521
@owanlds. s2222sscs205 2-2 326
@OYV AY Os<2sncseeccc ose cl ocscssscsesoteeeee 1486
Coyontiraseh-2tesss so2ss2e5sss2secsee ee eee 1451
WOYOPS as -oe ss Sasso sas ease se sass eee 1395
OTaCGaia= S225 esses occassions sess eee 470
eT Claes e= a= sock he ts eee 1662
californica .2 3-64 eee 1663
Calva esc a ee a eee 1663
CathartiCah 20s scsee esse eee 1663
COnzZatt Sn 2 oh a eee 1663
Cawandstt lean s- 2e=s oes a ee =e 1664
fOllOIOSA 2.22 = sesso seo ea seae esses sees 1663
miultifolia: 32225 2. sos ss asses 1662
TOS@RNA-sas25 ena ca acc aas ose ee eee eeeeme 1663
TUSD Yisocacoon ae seer see see ae 1663
SCRICDCOND IAS 2323 255te6 css doae ene seen 1662
SCO 22" 22 ea sonoeek eae see 1663
tepiCana=». 3325-6 sees ecesesaeesan= eee 1662
thurberts2. 222-2 see cend ees eee 1663
$OSICATIA Soe ee eeteaac ese eee 1662
VONIINa 3. sscacsedoeteea done eee 1663
Grossing :--26c.2cks2 cacdns oon saesacones eee 1526
G@rasstilaces0s252 525s sane oe eee see eee eee 307
1694
Page
ACP AERO RUS = 2 tee some i ee ere 335
(CTALAO VA Se ek he a ee ee eh Web 305, 1657
Gremio nina sa es ee 1059, 1065
Gremaloniimes. 22 2. ul es Lele See ARE 1226
OMT ig DLT ee ee ee tie Signe Se ee 623
@rescentiaw208 £223 Ye eh ee ee 1323
TESTS CITT TT Te es ene ace peas Settles SS 1322
Crs OMNIC COCs ao es ee 8 1445
EDEDOLT Annes hoe ed ee oy, ee 1446
MONAISSILUIUT i a oe ko etre eee cs 1336
SPOSSOSOMIA n= eo eee ee ts 320
GR OSSOSteD Nii ee eee ee 1617
G@EOUAIAD Me ees eee st ae 436
longirostrate=:- 2. 2 -s e ee 1660
RASVIDULODSIS= 2 <= 02 = 225 2a eo eae 1660
polyphivila| = 5). 2-8. SS 1660
CROUOH PAS eee ks 8 ees a8 ee 610
ciliato-glandulosus-_-.---.-25--- +2 =sse= 1669
PIS De NSS 22 See eae iS ee ee 1669
MLOTHOMUS = oe ee se oe ne a 1669
SLLIONIS en 2 ee eh de ee 1669
Crucerillas = sen ee Se oe 1389
BTS COSUAS este a See ee eee 1376
CLPTEON SOIT AS 9. oo - ~— = 2 ee 1374
FOTHCOLOQ URS fein 5 keane S ot ee 1377
[OLE TS (Cee ene SEC Se Ae ee ae 1377
ruep tga ite. Aes oe | eee ee Pe 1376
"CUATRCT 81 PS le as ne nes Mees ee een chm 1375
Greatness ee gk 1376
(rier aati s aes os ee SB 1376
WO ruiGit ee 5 oe Te ee Se 1444
OLOPOSH=RR SME (2s 3 ea tl ae 1444
RON GION 2 oe Re A ee 1375
Grvosanhila sc... 2 San ee ee ees 13
On DIOCON DUG ee 261
rvDrOstepia)s. 225-2! oa 1167
Ganchioters es 5 225 ae 2 aes Ea 1323
Sar OL Gee oer 8 52s de 1323
KBTATHOCA URS 2 28a ee Boe Oe oe a sae 1672, 1678
lanCO! ok SS es Be ee 1315
OEY 00) (01 (0) Fh ee yee ee Ry TEE 1666
GiisSteComiat las SE es 1324
Cuaumecate barba de viejo______._..-______- 1655
frais DROS ee =e See a De eee 1668
DEIOUO 2 is. eo ee eR ee 1666
Wasutecamate = 3.3. 5 eee a 1324
RE TISU LEGCO NTS hls eee a CS 1324
ORV OLOS eas Sa Soe ee ee 1680
(CAEY TING GEV el 0%0) CRE ek Ae PES ae eS er 1658
Cup hares staie. .: Aes ee Bs es oe eat 1324
GeapaTOr eae 2 Sf ee ee ee 1315
ORD ICU i ee ee ae el 1315
(CUT aT) a1 be re Re EEE AERC EE LS ERS 2 1316
Mnehanilous: ee). +s ose SS eh eed 1315
Wueharots sess 5 ee he 1659
LEE STs ymgs 40 0) b Roky, ee a eS nL SO NN SORE YF 1643
nprovde sapos=-=) = ae 5 eee 1366
GB VACA a SS 2 ews a cee eae 1315
Grilotilojess 25205 oe ee eee 1448
Caine e253: BS Rae a 8s a ee 1324
jete eee se a ae 1324
@iumidem Da -2 = a a ee 1395
Gam dtim pave... stesso on eS ea 1395
(CUEOIE Ree SS ee eee eee 1269
(GmnoniaCene:: 22.2 3242 ke 1. sk es 316
C@uipania’ >. == oe 2 a nee Ee 706
(RT INAT co Se Es es ee ee 1017, 1024
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
Gilpressuswes 0 8 A Se ee 62
benthamiie2s3 ---¢- a ee 1644
fORDOSTIC: S222 3h ee Bee eee 1644
IMISICAnICaie a2 ae See ee eee 1644
Curae et ee ee eee 1398
Cura-sisanoeess 222 ses ee a 1597
Guratellasss*_ =. 2535. ack ess ae 819, 1675
Gurpives tees tie ee 4 ok 8h ee 1664
Gustard-apple family=-2- = ees 277
Cutucos 4208.6 oe ON Se ee 1324
Cuyanobotrys 2223 See ee ee 515
Gyatheatttetec 2 ee <n ee ee 39
Drincepsstss: <2 3s 2 Se SS eee 1643
Cyatheacenemt «2-5-2522. ne a ee 38
Oybiostigmacc. - os eee oe ee $13
CycadHamily22- 2 eee 47
@ycadacesets-<o 52-22 oe 3 Se a re ee 47
Cycloshigmas2s soos eae ee nee eee 615
@ydistat + S32. hs a ee eee 1314
Gy domian eee 2 2 ee eee 334
G@ymbopetalum'= 2: 225 =-2c-ss-. 279
@ynanchums: 622. ee 1176
@ynometrac: sooo 2-2 2 eee eee eee 412
@yrillaye nS oet se Lh 673
Curtanthiomum 2 ee ee ee 1329
Cgrtantnerd jonas Se eee Ce 1344, 1346
CyyTbocarpascs—- 23-220 So eg 658, 706
Wagamovss toe ae ee eee 1365
AD IS VG ee a la 1498
DDG EF 1 ee Peo oh i ee es 507
CBD I Sek SO ee Sa 2 1666
congestiflona. 2. 2.c-2 Se ae ee 1666
granadillo...-2 = oss te ee ee 1666
METICONG 222. 2-52.55 2 ne eee eee ene 1666
taboscang 4 = ee eee 1666
WG bares uP 8 So cc ee ee ee 450, 465
Caectliie.{ 2.225 a ee 1662
loeseneniana >. == 2222 a eee 1662
Dalechampia: i 2-2-2. = 2-2 Joos ek a ae 623
Dalembertia- ===. -255-525-548225)- == 646
DAMIANAS= 2 -2ohe ok ee eee 1492, 1615
DamMianitia2 2s. ee a 1615
PADRE t ae oe 5: ee ee 1013
Daphnopsiss 2.2. 222.52=522555-s84e-55- 1012
@mericana 2. . Soca ee sea nce ee 1678
Saliciiolia-2- 242. 22S 5 a2 eee 1678
Dasyearyae seo oes ote so kee 658
Masviirion ..22 222-2222 2.22-2e-o tks se 98
cedrosanum 2. -55-22--ss222522252-5e4" 1645
Datiles see 2 oe eon eee 1645
Daturd 22222 a= et oe oa ee 1284
Paubentonias-=22-. 2. -225--+2235-2eeeseee 476, 1663
Davila. wo So ie ee Ue ae 817
Da ys Se os eee 1658
WMeamises (s.< 2s 22 Seed se nS ss ee ee 916
Mecachsetaz-2 2222-222. - 2-22-2235 see eee eae 1418
SCOMONMNIL = = 22 oes s25 22 L sce 23 sc eee 1423
Meck{ropis 2222. Jas. eves st 538
Deherainis... = s-2222.4-25255 ssn 25 eee 1104
Delia. 2-- 2-522 20 222552250s24 se 818
Melonixs« .-=2=-222-2-se52 see ee ee es 427, 1660
Pendromecon: =~ = ===. =.s=2s2=s4s5-- ==) ee 299
Dendropaneg. <=+-2-< 224-222 252 222 5e eee 1084
Dendrophthora:-. --2-22--22--25==-5-- =sesece 223
Depped 22 = 2-2 222i52 26 222s sees ee ee 1356
SD Ort i8\ Ree Ae oe os ee a as eee 511
Desert willow... .225.. 2s2-22-..2c 5 See 1322
Page
Mesmanthodrimss = sos eae sae sae at 1516
LD BST oe 366
PD CSIRUGIU ene ore oan tae eee Ne 485, 487
IeSmOU CUS#a== cases sont Secs eee Sie ee | 84
IDeSmmOMSiSs tate reer as eeek 2S eet se ue) 280
AO CULZi Gees enna wee COLES a i ee 308
DUTT TO ooh IOS eee ee 606, 607
JETER AS OS EE ee cae 1341, 1346
TD PGI COR = ee tS ed a te ee a 1328
UZEIUT IS ee eee eee cee ee Hie ey 1412
LDU OTR AD Se a ek ee ee ee 1563
CRSA eee eee MAES UES Chee Retest 46
WicranOpteriss= cea sees 2 = eee e ee 36
IDICRAUTUS eee anne see ots oe A 256
DIC EVe Un IS= seen ee enon Awe Sle ade 1182
Myieiberderchu Chores = sens 2622 Tee ee 1401
CONN 52 SI es eg ara 1641
OS OD AO a) sa a 1327, 1401
PPISi AION LES Meee anes 22 2 ee ees 1327
PGT ACCAC MER ene Reese ts Se 814
LO STUGTE GES I a oe aa ace 494
Di oe ee a ie, 1671
LOYD EAT a = Fae ee ee a ee 1538
OCT eee anne wee ee ee 48
LOR@RGDPE Te! = a ee 142
PEDEKm oe 1646
HOSCOMPAL ERO se emares en. SESS Se 5a ee 142
BOSE CEI Soe a on a een ee 1124
TOWNE STOR INOS) 5 pp Bd a Riche 1126
Califoriicdter es cate Ose r E ae EES 1679
hOXCaTANGOLYONMICH= ===. te) 8 eS 1679
A Olea ee SORE Se ee ee 1115
LO NVG) GASB ap SE LE le Ap PR | 478
CahGHa pe CUCUSIS sa seas eae See eee 1664
SUELO Val eee toe ee ek Does See ee 1664
DCCIOEMEGNS ©6 ee a= = Se oe ee ee ee 1664
PSTN GSN CG ah a ee ee 1664
PUN Chaba Se cone saSce cs scee cease ceo neee 1664
PACCINOSSS aa 2 ono aa nae as eon eon ceebeee ae as 1664
SLOSS ers ats ee ee es aE Se ee 1665
SiO Sa see eee st ie a ey er eee 1665
DIL ACH Seen aye SS oF es ae ot POSSE ES 1312
1D 0) bv oye Te: a= ee ee ee eee 1075
NOCH Ob eK 2a soe Se sss c Sn SE 1065
Diplostephium canwm....-=.--5-024_ 2 Lone 1493
DONICUIONIIN Se ee ee 1509
PERSO LOUU ET ee Sa ee A ee oe 1526
Di pleracaninus == - 222 Sos se 1335
EDEN Y Gas ee nae a eo ee 430
DS COCONDUSS Se aot ons a2 = Sanna sees eee 219
IDSA es = ae en ee ee eee 40
LEDS eee eee eee Ae 1399
SISTRCUIS Seem eee Sn ee Le eee 1316
DEER S oe a ee ne een eee 620
ND OMON ARAM et eee aa eon ne eee eee oe 705
Wor pAmemamy = 2525s. = Sanne soe ee een 1147
Nrapwoodsamiily se a2 nea on ena 1084
BONeHOlUIStee ee those toa Sa Ree Se 496
LOueenaCeINGSUS a 2522 2-2- n= anne nana 1666
iWguchotheless4a-26s2s2sa2 eas aoe eee 973
DDFS eso a oe ee ee ee 1675
TD) gael Pf Ne eS ee oe ee a 1361, 1362
idunGhin.: es . Se 253, 1655
Thansiaiitn 0 oe aa eae 202
IDG STG. ee ee eee 1314
AD ATGnG ph. 5-3 ee eee ee 141
Drejera ee ee 1342, 1343, 1345
57020—26——25
Page
Drepanocar puss see. ee ee ee 508
Drimys os: ee et Sees 276
iDrymonias2 2. eee 1329
Dry petes esse. 2a ee a ee 1671
Duerme=bocasos-< 222-9. ee 1558
‘Dujouree= 22 = ey eee 1195
Duggenda:<---.2-- 22.26. Js ee ae 1368
Dulongias 2424-2. 2 ee oe, Se 313, 1657
WDurantal: 2-2. Sse eee ee ee 1241
DUSSIAs 2228s ee OS ee 1660
Dyscritothamnus=| =.= eee 1484
IDyssodiaz--t + 2-28 +. we oe eee 1606
Bichinocactuss="=-<-3. - e 951
Bichinocereus!<....+ 2-2-2 2a OM kes 918
Echinofossulocactus=.----<) 2-22. $34
Nchinomastuss- == eee ee 950
CHINO PSI8 222s SELLE tee ie ee 927, 933
CHINO pteryss: = 2=-==-S2 tae ee eee 570
Bchifest.<:-82222-.2-- 2 = ee 1163
Heliptostelma >= 22-5-5---2-- =! eee 1181
Addy ieee Se = ee I a eee 1228
BR puquatesess 324 ese ee ee 1645
Whretige: 322. S22 25-22 sate =. eee 1226
iBlaeocarpacese:s22.- === 62. =2222- 734
Mlaeodendron =: ==22)2-+ 24-- == se ee 685
Hlaphriumt. 24sle2:<-- ssc tee ee Pe 543
Dipinnatuims: «222. k a OES 1668
excelsurnss 22-224 i3= i's 5 5s he OS 1668
Odoratume2=<2 2-52 Shs SEs ceee eee 1668
Penicillatimisss + Ssh = sees es eee 1668
Hldersiyeligwes sos sa= sae e- bs eee 1319
elder berry $224.08 2A 4 Sense eee 1394
Eileciv ses <a: Uie ce SS 2h Paw Lee eee ee 1587
EULER ET ODCLULIGNE ==. ae Sane a ee 7
Bimifamily:s=32* =>) se) 3425s eee 198
WsOt Ost to ce ee ie ee 594
ply chiryswinoe oP a2 5. 22 Fo eee 1512
BWMOrya costes ee A eee 1142
Eimpanadas-222 22 es eee ae ee 1680
Rimplectociatius 225-2 se oe ne eee 340
Wnceliqs ==. : sek eet Hoek ks ee 1559
CedrOsensisse= -2 4522 ee eee 1578
collages... 5-25 +2225" 58> 3-- 2552255. eee 1557
COnZzaHILS = Seats 53 ee eee 1579
giutinosa 2222 cca ee cosa nse 1557
hypargyrea_c2 2. ee eee 1543
maculata = Jo 23 boo ese eee 1543
microphylla: <= ssa022 322-5255 ee 1557
Mie <2 3 ee ee 1547
OblONgG 2 Ao sea 5 ose hae eee eee 1557
FERUNOSOe ee NF el ee 1557
BOUGTNOSO 350 Sees ken c oc aoe ae eee 1543
CUNO 2 3,8 ae ee Se 1651
Encinoe’- -22ssscseanss<-b kone meen 1649, 1651, 1652
AINGTING | ia ae ee omen eas ae 1649
DlaNCO-s esses ae see ee eee 1650, 1653
Castslotes2e2s-- =. oo nce eee 1654
Coloyados 25s #2 ea eens 1651, 1653, 1654
duraznillos2225225222 2.223225 ee 1651
MANZAN OD wo eee aon tae eo ee ae ees 1651
Diet. 2235 os os sa 1652, 1653
TObl0- 2 ese eee ee oe eee 1649
FENG RCW oo a en a er 151
Hnpords cabrans-. 222 ee 1661
Enslenie 2.2365 aeeaeen a 50c nee ae 1177
Entadak.- 22 2c2) = ete eae oe 349
Enteroloblum): oat se. ee eee eee eee 391
1696
Page
SHO di pls xo oa oe ee eee 63
TORTILNS WATIS = 2 22 = re de a ee 1644
tnifnTed. =. 254-2. 5. tee eee eee ee 1644
Bipiping ligt s< 2 2 ce So oe ee eee 1009
Mprpholanthas . 5-32-2252 = 2 ook 933
To} o1 Pasa) fe aS eer ge cya g en 847, 1676
We MOsis DULDINETUIS . 2. 22 ook aot 1417
AYVChT Cy hee OS Se ee oe see 1415
HOLT nS Se are a ee anes ee 1415
HATO (ee Bhs See eee 1417
BASODY INIA So Tee oe ne ae a ae 1416
(OL See ee ee a ae ae 1416
RUAONOMB =o oo 8 SN ey eee 1414
PRELOMOCOND hose = a os ae ee ee 1416
Ch) {ae ee ae 1415
aii es OS eae Tee 1417
NEE ee ee ae ta eo ae 1416
AIS = = <5 ee See eee 1416
Vl an eee ee ee ee Ee ee 1417
MUTPUTOSCENS: - . 8 - = = oem oa 1418
SILICONES Aen cee ite Dee) ok oe ae ee 1416
EPRICE ee ee ae a 1416
FOV CROMANISIOWM = 2. sae oe ee 1415
LOVAPTIOBIE. WSS ns ko ona a a 1415
ICR OUR OSS 82k oan oon sat~ ne Soe 1090
Hricameria brachylepis.._.....-.-.-- -- 225 asco 1490
CUNPRLI SDOHNNOM 22 = oa aan ae 1489
WUTURU = oa sae os acca eos 1490
ILO TACT OS aoe ee ae at yee a 1491
MELON a= a5 oo ions onsen ee eee 1490
og Da ee es a ee See SF. Wwe 1489
GEC Se RE ae a 1496
THAGN I ae era sean Beans cee ode es 1491
PRES Tes eosin es ao a Sr apt ee 1490
WURDUG Ss oo cas a caantes aena ane gies 1491
J Opa C12 2 SS eI A Papi Ss tie tS S Fe 1498
JE) 01 eh: a eee kb eed 334
Wit TEST AY | ee ee EE oh RE OS 1494, 1495
PROD OT CURR teat Sern 2 Sa Ret sea We ae 918
TEI OCOMM GYOONESCENS << <<< oa ee 1533
SCENT ee a ae Se 1536
CLOMONINE Ren eee eee an eee ad 1536
OCTANE ohn een ee 1536
ISU ORE = nee ee eee en ee 1536
OTS IPUNOG <= oe 1531
NTOGTONS = oso ~ ae nee Se oe 1531
NVULERC ON B= == Ban eae es eo 1533
OTANI ONO 2555-5 c == 1535
OVI EG 10 i= == 52 33 Sal FR 1534
REMSIEYONM == = oan os See a 1530
ELEN ODIU TIL Tae nom eae ee ewe See ee ee 1531
KUDU TES Rae ere ae ee eee eee eo ee 1536
TIRRON DC ETAT ME LI se Oe cee 1532
[DSL DS aa eae at bes uest eae rice te ala nes Us 1536
GOSTAY LITT T EAT ie cae Ro Boi a ek 4 rie igl 1535
SECIS Oe ss aoe oe eee ee ee nn ee 1535
BYRLDUG seen Ot ce eae eee oe 1536
PILOT TULL eee ie eee oe ng 1534
COTIULTH OU sare fo ee ee 1532
TAOG CTU Ole, =e en ee 791, 792
Biriodicty one A es ae ee eee ee 1214
IFIO POR: sean ese eae en ee eee 241
HRIGD HV UME sos S oe oe ee ee 1604
HEI OSO ING = et oe eS 495
mizropuNnctahiim sss a ee ee 1666
TORY nie ee ee aN ore I 785
BM TENS = nee nae eae. ae eee ES 1385
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
rnod az. ae ek he ae eee 1393
POLCUIMN == 25-2. A ee ee §23
PUT OCT IZA 222 oo So Se ee 1661
Wrythea i. 320 oh eel ee 7
WIRY EBYINA ooo) See ee a ee 498
americana ==. 2. 2-265 ee ee 1666
EnyGorocbiton! = 22. +o = anne ee 530
Bythrorylaceae: 2-3-0 eee 518
Enythroxvlons2 on toss ciece ens aoe eee 518
IEscalloniaceae.2-~-<S2-. sate oe 313
scam pron’ 2.3 = se 1376
ISCODS noes ae re oe ee ne 1661
COLOTAG SR 222 = ton ee ae See 1661
Gel. monte. 2 5 Heese ee es ee eee 1503
SCODATIG = — js co ete ee ee 971
SCODINAE <2. 20 as eee eee 1484, 1503, 1504, 1506
Hiscontria.... == -ssosesn ee ee 893
sen beekias--.- aoe e a ee eee 535
pentapbhyilla - 2 = 22s oe ee 1667
ESDAGING — ~ 22-52 = oer ences ee eee 1645
Haping CeiwnlOs = ones neces ee 1658
ISpinilion --- - o--ce oe ec as eee 1618
HIBDINO (CLUS Ss. 22 sco se cee se ee eee 1376
Espuela de caballero-..22-=22.--4-2c0e-2- ane 1346
ISTRHOLO = =se soos oe eee 1617
Waenide- 245-25 scan eens enna eee 1676
FOUR ORIG 22 ceca rc ne Se ee ee 1039
acapiicensis®= > 20 ee eee ee 1678
OSXACANIA = 2-2 ssc oll be sek ip don asec 1678
DUNDUSI. a= oe ake ee eee 1678
FRUMECOTRRUS oo = oe eae ee 602
FOMONYIMNUS = 22 ee Soe Sea One ee ea 678
Mupatonum. 2-8-2 asso ee 1432
adenachsenivm: <2 uae eee eee 1459
AACNOCKU CHUM a= oan ons oe oe 1459
adenospermum: —. 2. = £5522 eee ee 1450
Dinu: 2-s oe 1451
Oger ato .2 2s eee 1460
albpicale == 22 sca. 22 pete ee 1456
pled 1h Re eee a Ss Se ACES FAS er 1457
grahasfolium=— +22 >see ee ee 1444
MY DONESCENS = © 2 os eae ee 1448
areolare =<. 5.5. 2.-- 5 ee a eee 1457
GrOmnisinss.. 22 eC se ee Se 1446
aschenDormianum: =: -_ => 222s ees 1466
atrorubensie5.. sss ee 1453
SZUTCUM SWS SE ee eee 1449
benhemit2 oS eae 1467
berlandieri 2 222222 Se 1460
bertholdii> 22s sa. eee 1443
bicépesss i eee 1455
DILGlO Vile soe ee eee 1449
Dblepharilepis!| 222 eS eee 1452
branderesnume S222 1459
PLO VADCS ee aos a eo eee eee 1457
brevipetiolatums 22-22 a a 1453, 1454
ONeUiselit 222 2 er oe Ee Ae 1457
calamimnthaciolim ==) ss= 2a 1464
ITT OSIM =) 36 SSE ty oe ae oa eae 1462
pluridentat nen eee 1462
calophy lami. ee eee 1463
Camipechouse: 54 St eee 1451
campylodadumn == See 1464
capnoresbiwm se eee 1454
Chapalenseés2 ethane ene eee 1467
Chigpensec: 22h) Sante eee eee 1461
CHliatum>) ss P25 a Ree Oe Sy 1466
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO
Page
Eupatorium cognatum____________...._______ 1461
(Colita\t bite ee teens ee emE ieee 1447
COUGH OSH. See SoS tee os ee fd Ee 1449
CONSPI GUT Aes el SS eae 1465
constipatif@oramle: oes see eee 1452
CONUZO1A ES nae et Ligh aig 1444
CONZ AGLI =2~ a2 See i ad 1443
erassiram enins,49e tees we Bn 1458
chemastum> pea Se eee ee 1454
CHILONIOId C8 here se Site oe ee on 1446
Galeoidests Sy sce SG ns el i 1445
Gesquamtanslae ss wie a ee 1458
IVER GETS ae i RN is ea 1444
GiVETsi Olina ae 1450
AONMEL-SINiti itn ee 1466
dreponophylums—- 2-2 1456
Gry Op HII oes yee eo 1451
ehtrenbereiieee sei sd 9 ae ae ee 1467
erlocarpuMmiss-—. <<a se aie 1445
CHL OC OTL axis 2 a eS 1465
CRULITOD OD DUT Vea eee ee 1455
OS PIMOS ABUTS eke ee igs 1460
SLUUNRTCOT OL eee 1459
etlonseseeat eae Gael Bs lie 1466
ilicaiile mes ees yes ee ee ae 1456
S(LETACUILLE apt pao aes Ey UN OS ee 1464
ST UCOSTLN Uo ee ea eS et aa 1470
ALCO tLe aso een ae ee a 1445
MI AVDOLGLMUME oe ae eee ee Ee ae 1443
SAD EAL wes Se = ee ae Se eee 1459
(HIT INCH Re RS DRA a ee OER oe A 1454
PIDCUIN ss aes Sse eee Se ata ee Se 1463
plischrmim) ase se ee 1457
GOTOCIRGILT = 52 5 ea ees See, 1459
Pracilicatles = 4s5 as esos ho eee 1461
graciilorim >= eS aie 1444
OGTOMGTLONIULIN Ga ei ee ee ee 1453
grandioltume ene es a eee 1465
DACHKCANUIME eo ease eae nae eee 1447
OTIS ore ee ee hs. Seer 1464
NGS Glo Ree ens he Serge 1452
Ma WaNnGNSO= se ae ce eee 1460
hebepo tytn ee a eh es es 1446
LG DG Seeees 2 Ss ee a et LE 1460
InederactolimMeza ee. Se eC eee 1455
hemipteropodumies.--=-<=--4=---=2 2-222 1446
RELCnOlEDISE Ae Scent ee. oe ae 1444
hidalpenses-s2--- 22 eee Se 1462
TTS UCL ek ee ee ee 1457
hospitale“sc3. foe! 2252-8 Sk Lee 1445
MOUWSLONILIUILTIDE == ee nce onan eee 1470
MOUSLONS ee ee = SS. = eee 1470
yO DIE soe ee ee ee eet eee 1450
By SSO pI ese Renee ee es 1464
LONI 2 ee ee ee 1453
{MPASUIM =o Sete Scee Beene eee ete se ete 1462
anvinskianUitl=: === safes =s= nes oa soos 1468
ROCGEOUUM aaenes-2 ae ee a eee 1464
LESIONCUNOM= Sak b a see aoe eee eee 1461
(eto phy seen eee area eee 1460
leucocepHalUia ss] ses a= 22 er eaene aaa 1451
ISTICOM OEIC Se 28 seen a2 o= =a nae ne a eee 1456
Mebane 6s see aeae eee 1457
1467
MRED ITE 3 I eee
Page
Eupatorium ligustrinum____-_______________ 1455
Joesenerii=.-2*>:_ =... ae 1465
longifolium': 2552-25. 2 2s. = eee 1456
TONPIpes! 2 see eee oe 1448
lozsnoanwi—< oo So oe eee 1443
lucidum 2 2 a ee 1454
MLGONENSE = eu toe l= 2 fe eee 1449
AN AIT CHAD UN ss eo ea 1461
malacolepiss=_ ce 1465
mepalophyltwm: — ee a 1453
MCU GDAUUT = =e te oa 1446
melanolepise: Sao ae 1461
mendezii-.- = 2 Se ee 1447
micheionim. eee 1443
micranthum! +=) sc.) ss eee 1455, 1468
Mmucrocephaliyn sae 1468, 1469
millerts <2 ee eee 1612
MiraAgOrense: 22 - soo eee 1454
monanthum:. == 22-= "22 eee 1451
morifolium > 2 ee ee 1446
multiserratum= =". 1464
mygindacfolinm=— 20 ee 1463
myriadentum..2-._ > eee 1455
MCSRCANUM . =~ Sao aoe one eee 1448
nelsonil:.- 5: 2 "= ae eee 1452
mepetacfolium=_ 52-2 ee 1480
JUOTESCENS. --- <5. 8-3 ee 1447
Oaxacanum: — =o = - 2-5 --- oe eee 1445
odoratum: =. 2+. -=5) 5522202 2 eee 1444
oliganties.. 258 oe eee 1476
oligocephaltum:-=-" 324: <. s2sessaaseeees 1465
oligolopis: =. -5=2-- 55.2. =. Sees aan 1468
OMDROMMESONUM a oe 1444
presbioides! 22222. 22-2 ose ee 1450
oresbiuni! = *-.-3) ee 1449
orizabae:__- 22 Se 1463
ortegae. ©. <= 55-25 -2= 2 es 1447
ovalifloram’.. 2 eee 1444
ORY lEDI8 2. ae ee 1461
palmeriz:-.- os) 5-5 2-2 eee 1448
ppaniculatum -.- 2 oo ooo ee 1480
papantlense: ..\.=.-...222..-.- see 1468
PeEdunculoswum == =o ee 1448
Delotrophim: |. =- 52. te ee 1451
pendulwm =~. "o-oo ee 1481
peninsulare_..---.=----2_ =A ee 14£2
PELOrMAatUmM: = ios - eo 1467
DetiOlaTG:— 22s 2s ok es 1456
DEW COUT. - on cecepeca=snn>=> eee ae 1468, 1470
phoenicolepiss<-—-- on -2 oop ene es ae 1452
pinabetiense-2--4-----------sen pea ase i444
DUTET Toe oe ee basen panes eee 1444
leant ee 1451
DOWOOUY WT sone tee eee eee 1468, 1469
PODOCKOPELENSE. - one na — anew eae 1455, 1469
MODULO. <2. > oop ame 1446
NOLLIgiNOSUM. 6S. Sos ons ee5—e- =e 1462
DYING 2 soso eccankeee seep 1467
PS CULO-NT SUT = = oon on nea eee ene nee aa 1457
pseudoperioliatuim. —-.------ sco pcenaaae 145
UICHON TO as cee te ne ee ee 1442
RRC 3 oo pe ee 1612
py cnocephaliim(. <----- Sa ase eee 1450
quadrangolare:. 20- oaccemesceanaehe eee 1446
1698
Page
Hapatorium rajuli®.— "ae 1453
rhocopodum. 5... -5255-555cee 4 eee 1463
BAGINDOMMCUIN <2 seen ooo a ee 1462
AL ELLA h | | Cees Seis RE RES ESE iy MY SF 1480
TPSMOM. 32.2 - ooo saa ee ee 1464
TODUISONIONIT = oa nea wenn 1460
ROSUICSINE © 2 ene eee 1481
BUDICOIG = so- 22 oo see knee ee 1458
SAPIULALIM o.oo ance tes eee ee 1442
Saltillonse:e-9-2>- 5 sos. eee ee 1455
NT A(t eee eS ERE Be RE? 228 SI EE 1446
MGNULEINU tee =. 82 50 Soe a ae ce ee 1469
BCUIEMEN TALI © ~ carers wo oa a 1450
SCOLOC OMIOIGES 352 ne a ee 1466
MECUTOIIOMUM 1 > asa ee 1480
BONMMILNE a= — fete oneness Dee 1455
SETUULDUNENOUNTE fe oo aes ee 1453
TIARAS oer gsr ee ores i 1465
BOMUGAPINIIOMEI oo soos oo cate eee 1448
BONGSSINOIOOR: Ceres Sos cre ran Se ee 1456
BOTLORIE 3 Saris aaa Gere ta Ao ohne eee 1450
BOLGIOUIR: 32555. cos sescacsaslb oe see 1453
HpincMee NW =o. suc ce Cae eee ERE 1452
BIINGEGEIOUNTI > ade see eee ee 1460
Cy LO 1 oe a re ne ee mE EEN = 1460
A Cg)! || i oe ee ere 1481
Suillmeisefoliga. owes ote eee LSS 1447
PRT CR UNE + = cee ee eee 1456
BUDE oto cceawactioeaee 1461
SHDMWOSTOM = cee een wee See eee 1459
subpenninervium:==.2-- cL 1461
ei biriplinervitim ac on weet 1454
\nai(e: 11, on a a i Serna EES 1445
og a ee 1458
TOOTING oon ae bet sek pete eee 1460
espesiacfolitm:_- <==. cece 1453
CH VESOIDGUIN 25 3c cose eee tee oe eee 1447
TOIMeN LOUGH = oot See eee 1465
DE LOP UAT 0 ech Rt eee 1457
RUOLC KOMI S Soo ode cee ce te ear ee 1467
WHONUWMN o-oo towel ceunenctee ee 1414, 1469
Lpoldayies not: aoe as a as Fe 1449
DUTHORTOUL ES <3 Soc eee un Pe 1445
wermale: =. 2:2 2.cennteecccct tet MLSS 1461
VOLIMCOSUM = 222 hice nsn = actu ode eee 1464
POL ONICRCIOMUIN =. ee he 1478
Wi OL OS s-22 oe Ue ee oa aan 1458
FT| | Se ae ee eS a ee” Ae 1450
Men MOAnNNiagnwm. --—2=-4 3 oe = 23 seeees 1455
WUE aes = 5 ee ee ee 1462
ralapense----- Jann ekawnsansastccne Shseeeee 1459
MNTHIGHSRE An tae bo oc Cee ee 1457
NOL DIS - 2 ao: = ose se oe eee 597
Galiforplea = -o2+ 3-5 25.2-- 2 Ls ee 1668
plicate.-- 2252222 ee 2-222 1668
schiechtendalii-<. -2:5-522225 --- SEes 1668
Mnphorbiacede =) 25. - S22 as be 595
TALphor OGENaT ON. == 5-~ 22s seams seocesek Soe 599
PURO U Ae San Se 3 a oe Se 3 SE 252
pin yas 24 42 52S oe Se 822
OS 22) fa ee eee es Bead 1603
TAVGS a ates hot oe wo a wes 2 1391
Evening-primrose family -------------------- 1074
BQOWAUNUS 2s 2 rs wo ols oes ae ee 1195
Meleaary el ret gs Set 1S eg es a 1359
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
reoecarig. -. 6 Sse 2 eee 647
ExGgonium =. .225.- 023-0 = eee 1202
Ibractestvim! 2252 l= sta eee 1680
Exostema -___- ee eRe Se oe lees 1365
Exothes .. 2/..2-22-. 52 2 eee 706
rysenhardtia. <= 2 2 ee eee 442
Mapaceae. 26) ee eee 429
Wapacese). -:.- 5 - ene 171
TROGON G25 ee na eens Oe 533, 535
Waponis ... cc sccont note eee 520
(AOUSO! = Shes eee ee 1667
Pallagis. 2. <2 oo. = eee 325
Malsd Amica. 22 eee 1641
damiana-._---- oases danas 1492, 1615
KGS, = oe ee 1366, 1367
False ‘simenilio= 2. (° 2 eee 1594.
Farames..- 320-2 eee 1393
RSS@ISCON. =f. 52.5227 ee te ee 1566
Wamomanwius.-. 2.2 52. = 13805
Wendlere...=--..-i--2-0--5-5--..0 eee 312
Fendlerella---...5-2- 2 eee 311
TONGUE ae ee ee 1537, 1538
CTuUneTS |. 3 a eee 1563
ppposvilola: =o ee 1594
RGNe@Go Ch == 52 ea 940
jehnstoniaAnus..\\.----- == 4s ie ee 1677
WAGGA: <ee ee e 205
Migwort tamily:=.- 2-58 ee 1304
isdherig= == 7 oe a ee ee 1173
GOVAN. a ee ee 841
Fiseourtiacese:. 2 oa 20s ee ee 838
MOWOYIS oe Ee 1603
Merfolaia. = S.9 S e ee 1517
Mies#bANG. —- =~ oo A nnn 1498
Milgisthmannia =~. 4.25 35-5 = ee 1431
Fioramarilia-. <0. 5. SS ee 1319
OS AGUS oo ooo 2 een a nene nee 1322
dp baie.) 2 = eee 1380
de borls -5.---5-s2es-ancasn ae oe ee 1413
de :Canpreio. 25 eee eee ee 1380
ie COlMeNg = 2-22) == ee 1591
de Cuaresma 2. 2 = senna reese 1413
dsidplores: =. t= ee ee 1627
ie.la manana: 2 <6 ee 1680
ae; Maria <2 ea eee ee ee 1358
de nino. 2 21s oS a eee 1635
Ge plata. o22 2550) one ee aes 1451
de San. Francisco 2-2 22-2 = 2 ee 1535
de San Swan 22-22 sons s ese se ae ee 1365
de San Pedro. 222-2522 22e- eee eee 1319
Flourensia. =~ 2 3 a ee eee 1556
Flowering willow .+=--- 2-22-52 .2-5Saeees 1322
Forehammeris...<->2----- = eee 305.
lanceolata::.- = * 2 ee 1651, 1671
longifolia :=22 =.=. 1.2532 stscesase ee 1657
RHA CLOCAT DG s.r 1657
Purpusit o-2 2.2 52.2 ee 1657
Sessilifolia= —-~-.5.. 2-2-2 eee 1657
Forestiera - 2°: 52 -) e822 ee 1139
Fornicarig. >So 38 ee eee 1558
Forsellesia- =. --=.-- i225 20325 eee 681
Rorstenonis=— 9 2o 5 eee 1158
Mougtieria, ----- 222 =e ee ee 829
fOTTROSH) ee ee ee eam TT 1675
Four-o clock family 2 o22e a eee ee 259
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO
Page
Wran ReniaLeseww Ss ae wiles Fh. co 827
Mranseriact! £24 <-ie 2. tea ei en 1522
TAXI NUS ee,< e825. ats. eS ae 1133
Wrneginandigs ss 2= S22. 8i ree 1303
REMOTE Gee oh ea aN we i aaa 797
Hremontodendron=sse=-== == eos ee 797
Mresn 0 @2= = seahorse as die ae 1319
1 RF LG | eS ane 5 ee, EE cs Th 823
Miri jON Oca be ens ex ba etl i ae 1662
Hin GARG ea ON OM sas == a wee ee PES 1371
deymunciélaco = Sass ee a 1371
ICH Sia Sets sos Ae ee ede Ft oa 1077
Kunastritms 2: 3 + Sees Sear ee 1169
UT CTACR = Sa ses As Fen ota 52 al 105
COLT hf ee ee ee ee 1524, 1525
Galaction se ose eee Bi 502
Gtleg @ = aero hs 1663
GULIT TES OG EOS ae ph a ek SO Te 1595
Galinsogeopsisc esa ya 1601
GOlipen ss =e = 2 <2 rss eels Sala RO 536
Goality yond or ao EE 1393
Galphimian eos a ya 5 ee 4. ees 568, 569
MG Gili Zi aan Sere ah he es an 9 te el 1306
Garabatoiblancos 6 -= 2s ase ee ees 1655
Garanguay amarillo = 2-3 52 1319
Garanion ae sess toes sae TY A 1615
Garbancillowse 4 4 ee ee 1660
Gran Gla sete wie 6 en Se op a 620
GON DCN eres Bee eae See ah ee A 1374
Grardloailins sete sa oes Pk pe a 1276
Garra pata iain tts a eho eet 1444
Garrapatillass Se eee 1673
Garrocha=t2 = 22 ee 1319
Granny cites aces See ee 1084
GESteranthopsis <a Mae ES 1329
Gateadousrae Wee alae es Se 1671
Gat Ot ees ds eS 1658
Gsudichaudiai-2)) eee ee oe ee 570
Gaulthoriatessse3e es 5 ees cee eee 1092
GOUT Geren ee hee Te De Ie 1076
GS ae ee es ee ed - ee 759
(Gaulussacigss sen 26. - oo gee es ee 1102
Glelsemitimes <2 =n a% 24-2 et 2 eet see 1141, 1680
Geni pastas at bo eek bo eh es 1371
CHIVEN Eire wee we ek ten 2s ec ee 1375
echimecanpe=-—=-2=22=25222-2.5225-225-05— 1374
COUMIS een ee oes eh anes setensccsleesee 1372
Geofrdeas= 2.2 antes 25essestsss2cece tie 506
Geonoma--=-*=-22=-=2225e2s=22524525- eee 76
Ces i erig= eae ee esos 1326, 1327
Gesneriacege==-)=22-2=2ic22ss222552=54—-225 1325
Get as = 222 Sek Seen se ce tezeeesslees a eee 325
Ghiesbreghtia: = 2-2 +222242ss2ss¢s-sscc42es--- 1306
Ghinia: 2222544 22252 22-cesssesebszsccse eee 1236
Giiguialties2ee a2 aos sae aaa annaenaese eee 1371
Glilia 2% was es os S22 sccbeesescsesseeeeeee =e 1209
@ilibertiaeasseona2en-eeen seo oeen nooo 1083
OL DOLE RS Sea ae soe ances senaeene eee 1679
CUNY CORD Oana ea ana ae eae 1679
SmiUthiaNds = = 2-2 --ncacsssaseen-sseeee= 1679
(@ riyao) it: See ee epee meee 1026
Ginsengivfamily =< 2225 22-2-=seecenn===—=—==—= 1080
Girasols #222222 - oat aoe se eens aes ste 1546
Glancothe@s-- 222 aoe ke 2 == eet 74
37, 38
GIfICHKeNIG = 3-22 so ease neneaeosae ee aera =a
Page
Gleicheniaceae=. 2 cec2 oe ee 36
Gliricidia:: <2 25.82 4; ee 482
ehrenbergii. 3.2 --22 5-28. 1665
Sepia = 3252 2 lca ada. 2 eee 1665
Qlloriats= so Ae a ee 1319
Glossolo mass =) 3 7.2 1330
Glossopetalon x22 -5 5:23 2S eee 681
Gmnaphalium:. 2 -2.-= 5.222224.) .5 = 1511
rhodanthim=c 202s es ee ee 1681
SQN CONN 25555 1681
Ginetdeeae: o07.- 2. ls 63
Globernadora 2 Seis us se ee ee 1478, 1482
desPueblazs a5 ssac2- ea eee 1478
Gechnatiawt= 2-7-6 o 5205 ee 1636
@iodmianias! -< 5 sos yo ee ee 1319
Goldmaniaw oe ee 354, 1658
GOMpNite 3. = ee eee 819
thEOPRTOSIE SS oss oe 1675
Gomphrena: 21 225 ee eee 259
Gongylocarpusss eS 1076
Gonplobiss 523 a ee 1187, 1193
COUNS 9 sos 1680
Gonzalagumnid=s 3.55 eee 1368, 1369
Gonzaléa:s 3 eee 1368, 1369
(labra--c = eee 1240
Goodeniaceases= > ee eee 1400
Goosebeny family eee 313
Goosefootiamily-2 eee 250
Gordolobo: eee 1627
Gordonia:. eee 821
@ossypium.2- ee eee 782
Gothofreda 322 ee eee 1178
Gouania=2-2-- oe eS 711
M@XICENS See oe eee eee 1672
Granadillos ==. 3223 eee 1666
Grape family. 23. es eee 727
Grass ‘family: = =.<c22-2c ee eee 65
Greenella)-c-2 eee SS eee 1496
Greggig os ewe ee ee ee eee 326
Grewia! <1 22.2.9 ee ee eee 737, 740
METICONG: Soe s=- eee eee 1673
Gressularia: t= es. Ae eee 316
Grosstilariacese..- 225-5222 ec 313
Grusonia..2---i2di2cc2 ose eee 889
Grypocarphlia-=-.222-cnac2cceeetececdanneeeee 1527
Guacal: 22-2. -~s2czcgoce ee eeet eee cee 1324, 1325
Guachalala.- 2-2-2 2222222423 See 1660
@uachapurillo:. c2<-s2222- = 22 ee eeeeen ig OT 657
@uacimillac22- 52222 eek eee 1673, 1675
@tac0is 22222 22eeece. Seeder 1470, 1655
@uada...2s-22..262022-2-222e eee 1645
Quad oee 2 ee wee eee ee 69
Gudiseum:. 2222222262. 222ese eases 522
GalajO wos 52 2eceacselaccesssceedseeeeee 1324, 1658
Ciniane:« do 222 e282 3 aes 1324
GAN = 2 -2hs55 25ecessas se acesee eee eee 1660
@uajilotes:2.-:.<=<225.. 22. -222-2S-oee 1323
Gia) lote:. ss2s22see 222222525 see eseee eee 1644
@Quamchil broneo-2:.22<222-5222-5 226k 1659
@uapilla.g: s225 sesdsnc sets Saas es eee 1646
@uaran-guaran-....sseecd.saceseusedooseaeee 1319
Gaardidlac: -222254chs2ssseeesbisss Res 1517
Gilarea: 2 hs 64522223 eee eee 557
@usribé:-c. 2222202262 Se eee 1648
@tlasmidra: 25-2202 22 nese set eee 1541
1700
Page
TIBU LENS eee ee ee 277
Guayaba'demico 2). 2s eee 1371
delimonte: - 2-5-2202 co an 5 ee ae 1372
iguayabpo'slazang.: 2220.2 34 = eee eae 1365
CNN C2) 1 eins alle ee EB Re oS oad el gD at 1320, 1321
AGS OL! 2s nee 1680
Ghuayiarine) oo ee 1648
Guiayemole =) = =8 te ee 1659
(GAIT 0 pine oe ge a Se ep ae 1520
EAGT T pare ere ne 1520, 1521, 1615
Gunriimneee aaa eee 2 ee 809, 1675
Guicnen es ee ee 1680
SiiGiIGS cf eee eee a ee eee. hs ae 1323
CTDTO AKG ee ea eS De es on REE 1384
PUTTIN on en ga ee 1383
COT Tees sees ee ae 1316
(oaiie=bichie- 55 eee ee 1319
COItIRU en eee 422
PNG Cp Se eee ewe ee ee eee 1664
tiie es en eee ee 1324
URS SNOT ne ee ee eee 1324
Tr een teres ene 2k re eee 1324
TATUM en eee 1324
icuiirapede Oal0.. 2. =k. 202s eS eee 1672
CEI GCG Lh ee ae ae a a 8 1551
CMEC Is ate ad es el a Bs 1671
CP LAI) 2A fs a Ae pe ah Sa ALES OS gee, | 1484
Ghowitinichareree 68 So So es eee aed 680
OLLIE SS LLY | a a SE 1417
Acpgasinisire ones oa SG eS ees 647
“EOL COTE 71s oe ar ee a= Oy 2 1607
Gymnolomia decurrens.__.-...-..-.----_-=--- 1541
Cl EMIPT UU no ent Ee oa ee ae 1562
PIUCCLTOER as eee aS OR SE ee 1547
Rene nn eee ee nee To 1541
RETO src ee es oes iat ES a ae 1546
GIMEN Alen Sta oe eS) ae ee 1562
MUEY CED IDUE 208 eS She 3 ee 1562
DOLE Lg ees Ay a8 sO Pes ea eee 1562
PRIUS TOU eee eee ae Se oP nee 1545
53) OEE ee ee ee ee eee! Se 1541
BETICON eee oe Ete 8 es 1543
BUCO LEM de ke 2S eee 1562
CETTU Eye aes ee 2 See St ees 645
CELE ees omen ee SIT ee ES a al 1537
DRI ERED see oe eh en ce ee 1545
Cipnmepoditum. et 23 Le eee 248
GUILT Steen ees es ee ee eee 1562
EAE HOTS BARC Ig te Se a ag eg! | Ee 1484
CLUS LIT TAT (eee Oe ape oes ee BBR I ae) 1603
anos angie sate ae Se aes ee a 653
(GAT) WaT hn = ee eR = 65
Gynozis berlandieri__.___._.___-- Sek eee te 1635
[GAGS eae eyes a ae ae ee pe 1635
Giyrocarpuse ty oe Ee eee 298, 1656
FERRET OLNOGTICTILR eee See ee eee eet ee eee 1280
EIGEMOMCY ON ee ee 1159
TEELCSI a) Qu Ui hd i ee eee pe As 418
(ERS Se Ss hoe ae te a eae ae 832
MESCOLDYS Bees hi Nee ae eS Et ee 1675
XA GUS |e Shee ee eS 1675
EPS On my hn eee oe ee See ee 1670
PENTROSTRCIY Se aan Os ern ene be SLT ee Ae 253
Homamelidacend sie sae 2 aoe he eae 317
Hamatoecactis 2.5: 22 sie eas 1 ee eee 933
HAHEI eat e eek Se AS rae ees a 1379
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
anloesthes = 5-22 no aeh eon se ee eee 1620
Haplopappus brachylepis__.--....------------ 1490
Haplophyton: 23.32 2.2-.5 ee 1162
artordian. (2 8 oooh see ae ee 242
Way Gassevig). oo. 2502 el eee 1013
MMaTINO. 222522. -5 ne See sao ee ee 1365
arpalyCe.2<220n cto 2 eae Seca ee ee 465
Hasseltia.2 <2 cece ck 8 oe ee ee 840
PH AU a 3 Fe oe a a ae See 1076
IRD OYOAG = a Foo ee ne ee 397
Daw: DIAG a2 0 ene ao sb ee 1395
TUS ae ns ns So es So ee 1656
PAO Z2OF OU 2 = non See a 1493, 1494
Heath family = 22. <2 soso oto ee ee 1090
TCDA eas oe a ee nee 256, 258, 259
Hebechinium atrorubens= 2-9 —--2 5. 222-2 ee 1453
bresinetiolatum:. 222 oan ae ee ee 1454
tonthinwmn . -_ =~ = ee 1453
liebmannine..---- 2 ~ ee 1468
TEU ANTE a ee 1467
IMCTOCEDUGLUNY 2-2 = see ee ee 1453, 1467
MMACTODNUWUIMN = = 725) n= 1453
TREQGLIODRU UU = 2 can ee 1453
PONAMENSE.... sa - 2-25-22 = Jon oe eee oe 1453
BONOIOUTE <n a on ea eee 1453
CEDICUNUAN 3 sone es 2 Ek a 1445
Heberdenigs <n =o - ore eee een a ee 1107
ICCRPTI 2 an cee aa = Ae a ee 149
EM OPOMG = so oc soca c 28 oe eee 1271
TOC Ooo ae sa et ee a 1083
ledr6n- 2-2. Ss 2-8n. 2S ee ee ee 1680
FRO VOSINIG. ooo s 0 oe eae aac cnn ee 156
COW ONS ee eco on soe eee 1352, 1361
UT UACOSG 2 ons on nee ee ee gee ees 1362
METICONG . «soa scn nae oe keane ono eee 1362
SDINGSCENS o-oo kc oon Se ae eee 1364
per Oe tees oe eee oe ee 1050, 1052
Ifeimiag ===. 2552 = oes lao 38 ie he ere 1025
Henze G eo - = oo se ee ee 1347
Hehaniiena Pringle = == 22 ee 1557
Hehanihenint=. sea 832, 834
ISAM THOS oo ooo tao ne 1546
COMUNE sae cna ccen cee e an ee 1556
HOY S)OUEER acer cae A ee a 1556
LONGEN GOES. 3-52 ae ee 1681
quinqueradiatus.- 3 <5 ack eco ee 1543
FTC Chrys 1681
IGUCLOLES <= = 5 Jee Sen eee ee 797
baruensis: sac e eek ene ee eee 1675
Heliettea2 5.0. -24te cesses suecuee been ee 530
Heliocarpus: - 2-2-2 c ee 738
SIMICHIGANUS- - oo. 22 ce ae ese one eee 1673
GLabreScens a2 a2 =- eka eee aes oe 1673
MOXICANUS <= 2 te Sconce ee eae eee 1673
Pigvinuse 202) 2a = ee 1674
POURETLOSUR aie ke a 1673
WITIGIS = 0: 228 5: ed ol 1674
Heliocereus:-- 222: 2s 2=- 23. ke 907
Hetiophytum: =... 22 3222 eee 1231
IEfeligpsiss- -..=- Bee ee 1527
Heliotropiim 22 = 22 ee eee 1233
Brelogyine® |. .2 8 ee ee 1430
Helo meris. 222 ee See ee 1545
Hembra de:guayile=s* =. 22-2) ee 1521
Eenitbacchariss ee ane Le ee 1508, 1509
Hemichasens--- 25s. 3 saa iA see eee 1311
Henisandias 2 is ee ea eee 1337
Page
SEFOTIUASU CU Use stn pas eet yy en 42
lemiteligt <aoce-e cole ea ee 42
VOMIZONIAS oso oe ete ae 1598
POnMmannia’ - ate eee eset 798
WELCH CSU Se eee Cee a es 633
Hemandiga2=2o-tse oes. A. eta hs 298
Hlermandisceaes s seeweececec ene i cet 298
ies peraloe esc see weed ee 88
Hlesperel acd wert se coee oe A 1139
Hesperothamnusivec: cceeeece-ee de 484
brachy cally xecsctedteceree atte 1665
Chirenberiliese cee ate eee LS 1665
pentaphylustcs:3 + nae 1665
UND USIe Soe eee lt ee ee 1665
ELS EKO VU CCA tae ee 88
Willd PLCs a eee ee a 1645
HMeterocentronen 22-5 taste en 1050
Heteromeles=2e: 2= = eee eee eee 337
WELeber OMEN Se? tak 8k ee es wee 833
Feber ONO MW oes awe ee eed ee 1049
Webeno penis msc ee 572, 575, 576
Heterotrichum=2<- 2-2-2 sete 1070
THD ISCUS Sse oes ee eee 777
DISC PtUSH=e He ee eS ee Ee 1674
FEICOLIAS a2 en ote eee ee ee 166
Gigtie tits eked oe ee ee 1648
POCA Rees oe eer eR ee 1648
a pO e ae een te we eee aha? ip 1590
ETO Chey a een oe er eel eed oe ee 1672, 1680
DOCIN Aa anaes Wee een eee oe 1316
Bier baat eee = te eee ee ee 1346
AZ eae at oe eee eens Sete te ee ETE 1346
Dan Car ean es eer cn senis sonic Oe eee 1520
CRDIZS ee eee sen eeet een an eee nee 1520, 1560
delaireS= eee eee eee 1428, 1640, 1641
delian vel Saese eat en reer ee eee 144$
Celerra ee ee ae eS ee 1345
deslasyanimasie =a 2 eer esse ee eee 1560
delshazotena ae eee 1560
Gelibecertos eee ee eee 1482, 1594
GOULET Ones ee ee ee 1526
GOkCAD TO teen ee ee eee ce rece 1334
del cAncer__---------- pos nena cine bt Ne 1675
del carbonero___ === --=*-== 1472, 1503, 1506, 1509
deligolpeesssht os--20 ese eee te 1459, 1639
CelihiiGueer ee eet eae een eee 1520
Golsinndig See ee ee eee 1362
dejlanmuchacnitaer. 222s ns eee enee ean 1356
delapelomas-casess==o=-- aa eae 1595
Getlaypanidam set oe eee ee 1531
delspasmig=------=---— 1362, 1490, 1503, 1565, 1675
Genplatdon. oe esa e nese eee 1451
dela rabide sn ese= ca eee eee ee 1595
GoISatleATi TOMO === = sen ne ae ae er 1558
del Sandan nae nae eee ee 1365, 1414
GeiSanuVIEnCOS se aos see eae ae 1428
de San Nicolds__ 1319, 1418, 1486, 1590, 1609, 1615
Geisan sPeGno. seen eae eee 1319
Ger Sana an deen = eee 1510
dela Santisima Trinidad=--------__- === 1346
de Santo DOMING Oss > seen a senna 1507
Gillen woltluecen ss eos ee 1418
rar ba tt) he eae ee a ee Eee eee 1597
Gel venad0 sas ae ssa ae 1612, 1613, 1614, 1615
GG WIDOVA_-—-5<-sose nee ae 1486, 1495, 1662
1482
Page
ierba hedionda: 6.22565. eee 1661
Pegajosas-=.-2-8=eea eee ae ee 1484
Hierbabuena del carbonero_..-.-_---_---___- 1506
HieronyMmae=: 280: 2 SS eee 608
ERG UNS e _ 1381
Higtiord ss. ecke <: 2a eons eo ee 1325
18 3 = <x ea es raat a 1681
TAN 9 Se Paes ees Les pin wae 1 es ol 1459
Himantostemma=ae tees == eee 1193
Ep DOCrateasc vets Sonnet ee ee eee 685
acapulcenSiss= eet e= et ae eee 1671
Ep Dod antiga: ee ee eee eee eee 1328
ipponianie 2 ete eek ee ee eee 649
HSB GV ets Wapeahanet dees tae Bl Mind, 5 tein it on et i pe a 572
ODOVATHs te. eee hee eee ee 1668
DOL Carpa wa ee ee eee 1668
DUD IUSTY nei are ee ee 1668
PET GG Sis oo Ss oe are ee 344
ETASTTGON Unie a ee chee ee 841, 842
1G UA eae art habe Raetnince aes Sot er bene Vy. 1671
J OT MANTA a eee ee 1380
Of manseg gia) =a 419
TEIORM CISL ORIGE = =2 yee a ee 1429
EL O12 sh ae TOU eee Le
O]a AMAanea. = een ee eee ee 1595
CUTS ee re eee ee 1324
deicucharilla- =. 7252S ee ee 1316
menuda- .- 222 Le ee ee 1659
petate.2-2--2 ~~ 2=-- kek eee ee 1644
I OjaSGhes SS Se ban oe ee ee 1556
LOjaS6n 2525 == sa" eee ee ee 1556
olacantha..--2-4-- 2 8es eee eee 539
Hollyetamiuliy:- = =< oe 2 oe 673
HIOLOGIS0US S52 oo 2 ee on 324
i oloeTapNiS..- 3 =. oe ee ee ee 1332
Homahake. 122 a a oe ee ee 1535
omaliwm: 2). eo ae ee 839
Fomalocephala.=-<-22 6-220 --s5-5—eeeee 954
one VSUCKIO-. =-=" 2S ee ee 1399
familly... = 225 sone eee 1394
TELOO=CULY. ot be ee he OU eh oe See 1648
Morse-chestnut family. 2 2 ae eee 690
iMorseradish: tree family. -- -- = eae ee 306
Hiorsfordia:-3<.- ==>.) ee 747
HAO St Amero Be es oe eee 1251, 1252
LOUStONI Asia = 2 ss ne en 1352
bouvardtoides....... - =. 2ao220+ en ao keene 1361
COCCIN¢GG-—- ~ a e eee 1362
longijiora: —— . s. -=_ 9 eoe e 1365
triflord- oa ee 1364
PRON Ca = 3 <= <2 ee es a eee 1324
Hmachacats....----_. >... 555 ee so eee 1319
RGA CO nee ee cee et Sen See 1470
aajériciin ==. eee ee 1324
1EQ5t1) 1) (ee ne en eee eee eee See er 1658
UI Ote 2.2352 Se ere 1323
ee Globee tee 2s ee eee 1644
LS EE Renee Sein Sele eh an eh PES a 1324
Biielede NOCHE: oo oo coos eee 1356, 1375
dé. noche del campo. 2-----os-<=seenenens 1382
15 Ary. <i1 | (ee ere a sane ee SS FS 1673
IMOSItO+ Ars cone sete nee ee 1389, 1893
PUBS s-— sooo ee aid aoe ee ee ee 1393
MiHevO\de Mon: . 4... <5 = eee 1371
pu felandia ash eee eee ere ee 292
Mulehin priete: 220-6 ac accom ween cee 1507
1702
Page
ERTITOW eS oe A ee ee 1324
demontana =~ 1322
Finisache bola! 5oo =. ee a 1660
Jhb 1 See ieat = sie ae nes ean ee Se 1520
Humo cimarron_______----- eee ay nate SY 1659
FAUT ERI 3 ose A ee ee eg 1613
18 Ur 17) ee As ea ne ee Re OU te ee ier 645
eivnanthnees<-! ace oe ee 837
V2 C/UY CIT ee ee SRS WEL Ty SSS ESS 1665
Ebi g shel.) ee ee aes ee eee ee OE SE Le 308
CG CV ee ee eee. Meee 1657
ESATA DOACBNO te Se 4 on ke 308
TEA ON OCR ULB 3 =o a ee 1337
(biyelropiiw lacege! a. 2. ee 1213
IEE IGCEN GUS a8 5 re A ee ee 912
DERN TONE A fn oy de 413
Fg mentunerum 22a 1607, 1608, 1609, 1610
18 Garlic rh'cl [2 a eS ee RES Ta 1522
ELV AHOSLE PAIN hee ot ko eee ee 1561
1S Bigie/ciel a): ¥21 0) ; Re eeiuia Seis ul eseeaieatie| Specht alee he 273
HOHUIUMIALAA =? Oe oo ao ee eee 1656
MIGHO MH = 5 030- Sascha se 1656
Ja lig oliia le: Tc: 7: DS eee ais Oem aA Senay SPR ees re 823
PAR MIOUOUO Ns oe Une Sa a ee oo Dit
PAMMOTIOLEUCUNE 22252. 5 26 oases see aces 673
12 EG) a) Ni). Aisin Sate ane lara eS eae. Dee a 1273
CTL GTS 7 leper ie a eigen 3 2 ang a arenes 1681
eHUMIACeAe 26 eS ee Pha ne 688
REST CaI tel a a OER ic Sel NARs ee LI 1108
Uri aUn = 220 ye ee ee 1679
BCHICU Litineee- 4. Ae day 4 S42 a eee 1319
RCH=NOUOue Meta Meees ois ce Far tk a EE 1581
TUBE VOMOt hits. Sapo * rk oh. Pie 510
STMerICAN SS) ees oe en 1667
AC pees CAE 6 toe Le ed Os Ce ae ee 543
eA re et 4 o/h t one as ee ER Ee eee 829
TOTES ete ea eg wae an Ce eh ee 645
ern oO DIANeo Ps 4 = ee eee 8 ee 1658
JUGS Ce - te el Me eel Be Se Mei ae Mees Eager ils ee ok 674
MTR LC Ger erent 3 eat ah ew ors Ce 1648
RCT erie eee 8 i ee ee Oe 277
SILOS See tee see Engh bd oe ok aa 1560
JEG NT) Giga see ee epee re ae Ge es ee hy Sa 438
REUSOTNCOE ee ee ee ee dae ae 1661
erpentatarncts yoke) ch ee ee ee 1661
NEVA eS ae eee ets 18 Se ey ee ch ee 1661
CONSERMChH eats eae eke eee 1661
GISCOlOn ssn Ae eee ees Se ie ae TORE ee 1661
harbwortlics iW oin ee ee 1661
AAG VES Sate ee el ee ee 1661
TETICUOM A esc 5 be ee ee 1661
LEST PASSES Ae A ee A eS 1661
léeniosenalalbrenines 3-2. ee 1661
RESHOUETZIOIORS: = aoe 2 nk 8 ee ee 1661
TROTAII NL 8 SEY Sy he eo 1661
route y pees Eas Ra es eee SEIN Me 1660
SEW a Te Cg ON A ee ts ee ee ese Aes Po 1661
HIGISORI nes ae 2 ee ee ee 1661
OR TALLODOGIOUCR ee ee 1660
PIE DIOHS ISS ee ee es 1661
STO DUSIO ee ee en ta me Pee 1661
OS Beater ee sae eae ven a er ey ee 1661
SPH Odes Se ee eee eee ee 2 1661
SU ti COSaEe eee ens snl ae Nee 1661
CORIELOS eee Reh eee enn ER 1661
CTUDIENGIS 2 5 = cae Sees Phe IOLA
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
, Page
] 1. ee os on ee eee een tS 397
breyipedicellata 2... 22-2 eS 1659
endliehil:.---- 2 ee eee 1659
latibractesta-- =. 3 es eS 1659
OOpH yea 25 02h see ee ee 1659
sciadodendron.2..- 25.2 eee 1659
;alapensis -< o552 3k ee ee 1659
racuapanica:.._ 5 =2ip ee 1659
Unyentiouzio-. <2 22-5 2252 5-- see 784
ANEDOMNY sso oe Se sede eae ee eee 1400
WO 6622. 2 he ee 71
Pla evieoides 22. 3. ee 1498
saturejacides 2 <= -S 2-20.02 ee ee 1616
Viste. ON oe se te 1616
[pomoes..--- 5. 22 eee 1203
crassicaulis. 228 eo 2 eee 1680
paucifiora Co Si~ . ps nis eee 1680
Bravos 22 2. a a 1371
Frese: 20223 2 -- 4s ee eee 256
interrtipte oso ee eee 1655
Tpmischiae: 2252 = ee 1194
Jrouoans foo sts 2 i 5 5h 82 845
fa il: een oe ee ey we eee eee. 1369
Isocoma coronopifolia-...=2- = 2-5. --2-sctssece 1493
dronmondito go as ee eee 1492
APU COS 2 oe ee 8 1493
Ti), ne. ee SE ea 1492
Reker ODRUUGs— a2 = 2. 2 Se 2 he 1492
Witten. - 22 3!5 ee et Sas ee 1492
Winitaneds.. 22222 ele ee 1492
OCUleDIis2 3 24-2522 os te ee 1492
Widentota »—~ =<) 221-65. ee 1493
DENC soo ses sack sl Aas ee ee 1492
ern - 25-2 bse oS = ey 1492
Foto moth n. 330-223. et 1326, 1327
TsoMieriss 28 = = bee 301
Istasate..2<+- 22-222 2822 e oe 1617
ISUBLG o2325 = Stak es beeen oe ee 1644
1) eo a eee eee 1645
yeasts 88S eee ee 1521
lbdtl: (5 |) Oop ee oees eee eee a ee 1644
Trova OnteriCa nt.) ne 2 a eee 1362
DUCITONIRUE = 22-82 oo 35 2 1393
POYMP OMe Sot ot hg 1362
Ixtle\de mescal\~ + £s--. 22.5258. ao eee 1645
de palmao*- 725-22 -5- 3s bee eee ee 1645
de Tequila s <.-—ce 0-4-5528. eee 1645
Iehyate! 2. ss ea ee ee 1644
JOCUTONWS 2-25 4 ee 850
Jacobinia. 2-6-2 eee ene A 1344
Jacob’sjadder family,-~2 2223. 2-8 Soe ee 1208
Jacduemontitcs. 2-262 3-2 ee eee eee 1195
eastwoodiana. -.<.52-22-.25hot sasekeeese 1680
moilissima-- 22222 eos ee eS 1680
Jacquinias 2-254 See see eee 1104
JPA Coe 8 a ee arene ae eee eee 1371
7) | eee ei ape eee ee oy eae TEAS ET Se 1371
planet. one ee ee a 1371
JalaCaie 225. = 22ee eo eee eee ee 1541, 1595
Jalis@Oa. 2 22 ee ee 1419
JOMbOSE. 22s. kee ca eect eae ee beeete 1041
JONADNO Jno es cee eo eee eee 643, 645
JFANUSIAS 2 ook ee ee ee 574
Brig eaten ek pee 2 < AG ee PS 1504, 1506, 1510, 1580
GU Cee re ee 1506
Page Page
Merial esi pene eee rt sc BS a 15061)|| Justicia spicigenses- <5) 5) 5 eee ae 1345
SMart Ose eee A A Ey a ed eS ea 1627 QTD OSG ay Beek ee a 1344
lan COstae Lees sete e kt a one 1503 VITGUIOTIS= = 2 Ses 1343
a Ntey Veen ioe eyes DA De es IoD fee) Ly aa ee een ee a Ne 1656
SAU Ciawetrn ese he Steen She ghee ae AGA /\" Rtas Ue. s ein sink. Ue ee ne ee 1323
Vera See, ee S551 48e 15061536) 1614 1 G27ag wo Kcariari se osu ue nel enna 1380
COMMIT Mae se 8 2 ESSN EES nds es L503 A50607)) Kamo: see Se oe See a ee 1319
COUP Re aE Sree Ne 150351506 jai Psa lol eae ee ea ee 715
LET ORR VG (3) eee are rei cae ee pte a 1658 HOURS a er ee te Se 1672
JaSMinUmic sy seco os eee OP a ee 1132 IK AKw SI GIP Soo Sigs ig Sn ee 1376
SAPO DNA Sen Pens em tee dae bee ier 6340) eKieihnoos-- 3. 8 ee ee eee 1645
SNPUSTIGENS seas see 2. eens Tae ees 1670: eieithig = xe 2s 2 ee er eae 1271
CELCIGID hiv] awe ee ee ee ret Behe G69! || CLG Zia se kite Ses eS eed ee 1645
CINCTOR Keo ee ee A ae oo cae L670 eeitznoos=. ke a" Set ae ee 1645
CORG At aieeen eaten A eR oe les 2 We ETON | eR gRboroiUghiG ee ee 709
Prandironse sets een ee | 1) Se eee LG ZO RAGLETILiON On ULen SiGe ere re ee 1612
IAT INS arial ene eee Le ie OA WE ay Rae 1670 UiNidiLOTO R27" aire eT kD eae 1611
MOM OTA ee eee eer a Alen Ve eS 1670!) poe berlinia se aan te ake ee 538
malaco phyllata see ee hea GTO! aol ent a. see sy Doe ae et as eae 1326
pola tay nly yee ee ee 1GZOA) WROStelobz kya wos MOSES oe ee 776
ehthated (ik Oe ep ee ease a eee 1670" | RAUL S ia os ee eee 1088, 1089
[OY Ie OL Las: een ee a ee Re Oe oT LG7O0 | STAIR fee Ae eet 2s eae 346
JAIN C Aer sae ee hy A oe eS 1598 Dbicolorss eae S: eS 28 en ee 1657
JAN CASE aeete ewe ON 2s a ee TB RYE || COA OT ieee 2 SO 1467
AfeV Aaa bal 22) 5 eee ae oy ae eR Oe Nea ne 1368 DReni pes ==." el es 5 oe 1457
lean Chg eee sho oe ek Lee ee 1368 COlODRY Gs! ono SE ee res eee ee 1463
Lei aT Ol Nee oe Seon ee RE 1371 COMM AR = — Fe ea ee 1447
CLEP VO Vila ees ee he Vert st ened 1385 Gonnelesmithttase ee eee 1466
At aN So Se 2 ee ee eS re peer Si 1075 ES DUN OSONU TM ae 1460
J OLOMZsIMOLAG O9e ee ene ee ee Lae 1317 grandiyolia= =. 22>) BL ee eee 1465
FCAT ee = ee eae oe ees ae eS ee RR 1324 Koeliaefolia= 04-2282 ee ee 1464
UL @AT TH Race owas aes a Pure ot ae 1375, 1675 Dari olia: = << 2522-6 = he eee 1462
ANTE RO ae eee eee a ee Ta Tee 1324 SUOINLEGT Onto — oe ee 1459
dercuchara-este. O85. 2° eee ee 13046 | heaceped ea. <2 225 Se ee 688
GejaAcal We. > 2. eS ee Sot rae 139410) plzachnostom ase =s- seer oe eee 1182
SMUT Sse ese ten eee eee eae Scola Se 15208 | eacistema: 2s) eee ee 156, 1648
i at0y Ke eae AEs ee OE cer yee 167. CEU aie Fs SS ae eee ee 846
UeOy OHS SR ASS A 3 ek he eee ee 28s 16744 |\wluatoensias === 28-2 es Des eee Fee 9 ee 1024
ACSA SE NSE FE eng ERE eee 1GTOW:| eG OSCeta = oe oa Skee eee 1514, 1515, 1516
AOR 0) RS wns lee eS aa Re aOR tee 1393" |pluagerstroemia= == = = se ee ee 1026
anid eicalleswer ees ee et = Ba Sk ew ae 16410) |lagre7iag= = See ee ee ee 256, 1655
Tian tll Ons epee eae on he 1273) nauaerimas|de Maria. 22222) 55 se eee 1386
TADEVoR DED at coh wel |e > eee ae ee ee 1659 de;san Bedrouss 3.22 s-2eccacaee eee 1386
ANU OUR e oS oe eee 167: Lagunculania:s 922-2 22s eee 1031
yuolanG@acene me sie a= ese ea eee 165e5| daantang: 22202 * ee ee eee 1248
ibe Feo eS SS COS Se ee ee 16516487) |\duaphamia= == 2-52 0-2 eee ne 1603
SIRI AT Om seer ink | oP ee ca tl a ee 1393 COnOnOpIOlIG 2-8 a ee 1601
TUE 1s eae ee Oh Re one ee Ey Dea 537, 672, 673 DONTY bs a= ses ae oe 1602
STuligniaCedem se eo oe 672 SCOPUIONWN 2 2 222s nas noo eee eee 1601
SULT EA Veet a ae re me 166721668) | sbaponteg-<-_. 2 << ese aoa oe 219
Ilene eee ee te ee ee ee 1668) GUGnLlGs << cos se see eee a ne ee ee 521
TCO a ke 1676%)| UBSIRCIS eee ne ae en ee 66
SiiteCat eee es Saree ae ee 1641 SlObOSRs 2 8 he staat ee —
JMMIPSlUs 3. Sees ee ee 61 TUSCHONS 25-2 oot oo ooo wo eee 1644
STEED CELUI ese ee ee a 656) |v astonthaed.. = 5 nso — n= naan ne basen 1660
TIT ALUIO AS eo aes ee ed Le 1LbO4) | aslOCanpUS Soha a= se on onan ene ee 569
FUR ONS ss ene Se ee Re eee 10018 UROL ACEROL === one ean eon nen eee ae
iL atc Yee aa alae ae SO aee Bas 1347) | lua re life nly eee aan ne nee eee 286
CF OUMETLNT De ee ee a A345 elle Maura: 822. e a eo ee eee 1656
LER OL aes ee ee RE ea RE al ge 1344% || ehaunemasn a. tcc sso toten ote de eee aun ee 1278
CGUISTRERUE == on oa cone oe 1339) | UT OCET OSS fo Ae eo a See ee ees 342, 343
COCA Pe en ee ee 1343 | Laurus- conan eens nen en ene nen eee 287
TL CLEN.O DIY LU oe a eee 1346 GIMNCNCHNG = os 2 ooo ees 167 8
HULL CH ONLI ase eer 1336 Lavatera mesiye toe ees roe 7 68
TTD CU a a 1949! UR WSONGR os on ee ae ere oe ee ee 1025
1704
Page
DSBAGUIS i 2so2ecrcossine dase eee 1679
Tebetings oes a4 ess Slee 1607, 1608
WOCHESIHIO. So0n0=5ssccvewansseedasezcoeeee 1366
TPCOStOMON 32 0-aocschecscessecesosee ane 344
Leiboldia pe SsuieS a. os she cckeee nee es beets 1412
GANG ss58 Fo ase Se ee Be eee 1543
TeMaIGOCEreuis: 2. 2s -e2<—2 ===. Skee ee 897
Peneckel-t: =. 22 sco3 sees eet 1677
Wenpis de: Vaca=-25--2252222=224--% 1316, 1514, 1658
DGG ee ss ai 5 = = 5S = Se ee 479
MGIAHDCARIG <6 2+ 522 255-52 ch eoeuas eS 1665
WOULOLdES 2 ~~ 226 coon - el eee 1665
TenO PIANCO s5=- 242 =2=22e-2eiseees et 1320
bepidospar tim. =2s222-<25 Seapeee conc 1620
Ly 0: ee a ae ee 1602, 1603
TS 11 a a eee a a ec fe 1588, 1589
TOMCRCMENS Se soe scccesie ss Zbes: sae eae 366
Giversifolianssswsa0b- sone eee 1658
lanceolata S222 2A eee eee ae 1658
TI PUDEL ONES Bars Sse Bn Ae oe OE 1498
HOHCHIGHDONRib«a25224-2-52 50h. cto 934
TRE COCON INES = 525 Sa oh et a ee ee 1311
DETEICORSA WA UET < 8052 ie | ats oe te Se SE 1305
InDMCGRROMRAA eos - Hater nt us scl} Sen eat eee 850
SANICOM TES SS Ss Hales tee oe pee hee 1497, 1498
HeMCOLNGO acto. 222 £5 21) Be as SN Ee 1091
LECT RO i Se on RE pee ae 787
ioUT| 0 OT ee ee es mmteate cereal 1617
WIG MMONOS <2 sso tutes: 407 SE 1315
OCI Gg ee ee eR eR ee DE ot 1315
RT Cie eee ee ee an ee 8 1314
RT EOO CES ett on Sede bles ns Dens bn Se 63
PG TUREL Eee _ Seth.» Some en ies 5 bt Face ee 343
POOL ae eh Seren Sa he NS Se 1657
He rece ates ae hee on Oe ee eee 1655
iri Vitae family 252 .< she ate see 519
TINE TIA ae tee ae ee A=: £5 Se Ree 1138
REPO CIs 4 on re ha Dern east ol ES 87
RTE VaTEEEYEL UG a oe = Son eee oe ee 87
AWRTOHOIN Ge ose foes hn ne Seely # Bere 1609, 1660
Lietlreog gp 0 SUE 2 EDs et et Sey 1359
Ist pia-b in aes eee 2 ere LES ee 1506, 1537
PE TRUCK Nt eee ee Se 5 ee 839
Hindentigmiby: = sce. 8 iteeet est ee see 734
lipbers Veo) = So RS ee ee a ars 1358
DET CET Gy [1 Rien ee at a et athe ae Read Be 2 322
HCO VOLE seat es eee es Saree ae 322
TTEMOSTACH UGS ae ne are AF Ei ar Ree nee EEA ERE 627
PORTIS CONNUCE te een en ee 1497
OMOTEITIE Dir Bate enone re ane an aera 1493
CONE, [LT ET tae ey se a a nate he! pekohe miele 1493
LR ESTPAT ETRE Tt ty Pp 1491
TIRE Ty AT CRTER TS se ach pln, ole ta epee A veel a, 1492
hirtella______ Cate ot Bl af hd ate al eh aga borat hg 1492
TIRE LECILNN IE tk Cae Ae ES Eee noe 1492
TUECH ELS te oe ee De re ee Soa ae 1495
NEL TITAELOS Coe mee at ne a Oe 1502
SOD TTA Doin ee ae ee ene ae ek pate 1490
ma DT LETTS Lats nc a _ Sy hy al a 1620
VOILE (14 NE CR Spc 2 lb oe ANA: ile Be Mikes eB Con 1502
viscidifiora paniculata... --._--.-.-__-_-.- 1496
OUR LEA Li na en Re ly aac eset ad Bee nt Ree 1492
TSE DOCIO PUTT ett FR 1567, 1568, 1569
TUES ERE ee I ae 1578
TETa OUTRO Coe ete ee eee ee Pe Ee re 1555
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
FAP DIO- 2-225 :52cce cesses cette 1243
Liguidambarise2:3 =: 5- 6-2-2 4ee ee ee 317
Pinose soe Se 1358, 1387, 1655.
PATESILO 2s ssascslaoesseds cee 1655
DithophytUmMe 25222. 52 4et See ee 1304
TAT GEG. 2225 -0e fs Be) io ee 666.
Ritsea’ .. 224 -2scscnscedz sesh ee eee 287
PAGRER! S25 5 oes cco ceccshse see sete ee 140, 141
Wlqvet: oa sccce conse tee 706
Poeassceae <2 2222s cesctehca eee ee 854
MODGHA sc 2 i asseeossces dae see sreseeeee 1400:
family {caste sseseeekece sel Oe 1400
TObeAOGRS: 22222222202 2-ser522-- ee See 1400
LODO buasOlss-2=+ss=22<e2sse=s2e2eseee eee 1639
DOChROG . sccc2sssi22- See ee 1157
Loecselia. 22--=2--c2sestedeeees se ee 1210
tannifolia.<2s*s4022s22+=+=6 252 ee 1680
Loganisceae.. =: =.c2-s-sse2t2+ 5 See 1141
Tenchocar pus <<... -<<:=22:-32:. eee 512:
sreyrotrichus:2-.+-. 2.2. 24ae eee 1667
dumetorum.<.=ss-=-2:<2: 2. ee 1667
eriocatinalis.:;=-=. -.2=:t2 ee ee 1667
fuscopurplurelis= 2. -2-=s+ 22 1667
galeottianus: 22:22 *eeseeeer ee 1667
kerberl2 =! -4 <2 2222 hogs ee 1667
lancedlatus-.2sss ven 2 52ces ek Ss eee 1667
TMisiscomiGhUs:~ te ee 1667
meépfalanthus $2 ce 2220 sSsssseen tT 1667
schicdeanis:: 22:22 see es eee 1667
seleriit 22 eee eee 1667
Slendd On s2-2 326022 eo a ee SS 1667
TMi Cera: ose sees eee a eS 1399
lds. ss etes eee tee eee 1386
Loobag-beele 22-26-32 eee ee 1317
‘Loosestrife family :2222--22 2 4S ee 1014
TODCHOs sss escs res 1075.
ophocereuss:2<-.6 2. eee eS 910:
Lophophoracs-~-22 4s eee 932
EODROSONU 26 ee eee 44
TOD G22 esse 2 771
Espranthaces6:-2s292.22 0 ee eee 222
OT OTTILS 2 Se RS es, 226, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235.
GOPented oo eet ps on ee os 3 1616
Dorenzantas-23- = SS 710
EOOX QUE 28 O88 2 tren 5 tap pein Oe 517
Dotrnetva: = ccesese> eee ss 637, 638
Touterid ttm est 2 28 ee oe ee ee 1338
Loxothysanus: 222222222 eee 1605
Woovaneliaia:: iors se ee ot eee 199
OVA OP Sligo le Sa oe ee 1443
Dirrenmiges S88 ee Oe en ee eee ee 1121
oehedg 2222 tess ee eee 737
Ltinanife Coie eee eee eee: 840
Buneht 222 cei eee ee eee eee 1324
Bnd ia ane eS eee eee 1325
YC a 2..6et See eee See 1285
TOda = er eee 388
Ijysllomas sv 22 ee eee ee 388
divaricatim: 2 eee ee 1658
Tiythractaei.: 2 22e eee eee 1014
iy thrGn 2eet 2eeeeeeeee 1024
Maia! a so ee eee 1124
DUT DUST ES See ee 1679
VGlae-Crucis 2222 Se eee 1679
Miaib@al 2 oe ee pee ee ee 646
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO
Page
Mincariia de costae + -weesie stoop ee 1366
EACH aSriUMet yas are ls Vtplly Ween fd SO 509
acanthothyrsus® 2 22222222...) 1666
ly anlehnbbee es es 1666
Chiapense-ap< 2 tesa sa Se 505 ne = Bar see 1666
LONGIES Stans 22a ons D9 5s SUN ee Ue 1666
MArpInavuM. ss s4s9s 5 Rs oes Sieh ee 1666
Sebulosumiss ss 552s els Se 1667
Wiachaerocercsess== << 6 us os. bes 904
Wviachaontaerhs anh cee\ ive vs. 9 voles oo eee 1382
10M (210 EN cE Nn ee I SP 1103
ACEC Gta shu ders oss. News tb, Se 1125
SMC OCTICNIILIM SS se 2 Saino kt Ade Sie a 1365
IMIG CTOSCEDIS 05s 4s 0 ne ee SE 1169
MACrOSIphOnigw sss 2 fa aN es en 1159
INUIGYG UI 2 SERS ee see ae eat eee PR 1320
MIS Cb Ul AE ee ne Ree See ee ere er 1320
10) 002) is eee eb eee Od ee ne Reem oe 1320
Nitsa Cini OMNIS ONS a Sk 5 oe see EE 1320
Wild Gers fear iy erie pt ee ok hl an 1349
Wiadreselivat ses 2 259 so os eda 1386, 13899
SNOT Oo hard ate 1365, 1372
COUC)UC 1b UE eee ek eee ae eee ee Ad 1679
G@iCOM CTs a! os 9-5 Sail eg ey ee 1372
Mia pio Mats ot ee tea - 275
Wien olin eae =o 5 ee wee DL 274
INS Ue Nyse tad oo Se bean nl sy 1646
YRTCO bo tenet Si ie ee 1646
COT ZO Bea an es 1646
Ge CeriO2 2s oso a cE ES 1646
ewe Calisessee tee 2 eco ta SR 1646
Gewulquiess=-- ss 2S te ee 1646
de Mequila- ==. ee 1645
IM OZ Cal 5 on a ee 1645
Wahogany; whiter <2. es 1321
CORONARY SSeS ee ne ee nn 269, 272
MWisietas eee ee Se RS 1070
Matz tostadOia..22 === =e ee 1376
Nitall 010} Ota ee ee aE et a 1660
Mlalanmnul els 2s0 ss 1681]
Wie AC OR 0 ese een ss 9 ee ee BE 334
INTE Ys = So a ee ee ae pees ee 770
Ortecianae tee ee ee 1674
SMICIELOSEO 1) Rete tie ee ee el reece 1352
WVEatloWwslaMil yee oe oe es oe 746
Wiel pighian= oe ele ee 564
IWalpighiseose: 2 -=.--=-=-=2---2s--s-=s-ee= 563
MigliiCowas =. aS het ee 1371
IMSS! aoe ee oe ee 334
Mialvacese-12 2-22 5-42 ee ce cece ncskseuoes 746
Ileal yi AS GLEN ee ee ee ee ee eee 769
{oliosuMt 2-2-2 == esse sssee tee 1674
WhalyaiviSGUs#9. 7) = -Aeo2< =e ee eee 773
ALHOLCUS- o-oo eee soe - cen 1674
WMinlvitae+a_20 22 - Sop acea eee eee nee 1674
Nima ODSIS eee a ae ee 961
Wraniimea. 2) eet ae ee eee eee 826
Mn MillaniG@as---- === sas een eee Hae 959, 1009
MOLUETIONG 2222 - ae eee eae 1678
Wend evillae 6 o-oo ence= eee ae 1161
Mangifera__..-----------------------=------- 660
Mangrove family--..------------------------ 1027
Manihot-___---------------------------------- 642
mexicana-------------------------------- 1670
rubricaulis---.--------------------------- 1670
Page
Man oi de cachora2s-ss-ccves ae 1314
Ce OOn se naan nie D2 ol ately 1320
0080222234222 5522 ee 1679
Manitot ces 3s ee al eee 1659, 1680
dela Virgen 2 eee 1317
Manzanilla ss 2.5.5225.. 2. = 1637
aMarilla tee sebaoc a oe Se 1609
Maplevfamily® 222 .25...2-4) a ee 689
AOD OUN AO Re a Pe 8 ey 1389, 1390, 1391
IMB D Dia, Siete oS te ral e 689
Mia Qui @ =n 2223 ata ef ees 1320
Maqui ptiaa ene 1320
Ma quilissustse. ese ee 1320
IEG atl pe er SUS 1613
IMarCEra Vis eees cS ont Sa eee 820
March chain = sass ese 1319
WMarfilevegetall: +... oo) se ee 1671
MONG OPIS 22ers Jo 5 cits 5 1399
IMST Ant a oa eal et ee wn a 1535, 1655, 1667
Mar ar ilOnt OS 2 eS ee 609
Mania ost s las eee 1675
ANP Olas o2-seosseeac ese ee 1375
Nari ola tes 2202+ 35a ee 1521, 1615, 1661
Mani p0S8'S5 2-53 ee 1316
IMSRIQUItG es ee ee 1484
WMarsdeniaess) 2-24-54 = ee 1179
Was CagTilabe. 45 so reso ee ee 573
NOW CORDG J 30s ee ee 1668
iMatapalole--225-2 ee ee 1655
IMatay Dass.cJ2s-0=- nee 707
IM SO nto sos eee 1324
MOUTON 2522 ok eee 1306
IMaUt02 Steen 22s ee eee 1658
IMGAx Ns Se Re eee 1680
Maximilianes sss. es eee 836, 1676
IMayCDCR<os-22 Se eee eee 1680
Mant. ee ee 839
MaytenuSs=. 23.2 Se 680
Miaz0rGas s<~s2esss se eee 1319
Meadow-beauty family_.........._....------ 1046
Megastigma: 2-3 ee 537
MehenkKax = - Yocthecssoeece a ee 1376
Meibomia..-seoaoseccendaes oe 484
bellazcewsc-2c-ceckede hk i ee 1665
CINCTCa =. wesern cn ee cewsases ose 1665
Gasyaclas. ccc eee ee eee 1665
hemsleyansdsceoece ee eee 1665
kartwitskiioo.e<cusk deco 1665
langlasseana.scecc ect eece eee eee 1665
micheliana: at. bee cee eee eee 1665
pulchrassseececesahdee ose cece eee eee 1666
pyenanthas. veto te esete ee eee 1666
Sumichrastil: is o2c.ccund lene ee ee 1666
tephrophylia=. cic. tse ee 1666
IWejerana =.) eotacae coe eee ee 1450, 1478
50010) 4:10; ces ease ee 1450
Melam podium . S2tcsaccaseete one seb oe ee 1518
Ridalgoe- 2 cocckkee dette Se eee 1590
Meélanthora /riticosa..sc cect deed 1527
MelaslomG cna -Ss hace teneeeee ecco eee 1679
IMielastomacea6s. Jose cesweteedneeeee bi eteeee 1046
Méelia- ...----------------------=------------ 553
Wreliaceae 2 2 =< =. eee cect cceearone ee ee ee 553
Welit0ccd: cA cocus tec etedncenwanmebuaeeree 708
WMéelinidy cee ct ake een eee 1176
1706
Page
MVinliosmae 8. ene ee eee See 709
RCI NVEO =e a eee 767
Mellichampia => 05-228 45 2. oes e ee 1177
iM elopacis” = 40 ee ee 955
ivrologhis:— —- 32-5 =. oe ee 802
Mienisparmacsae!) 2. --) 32. =! aes 273
Wienispermuma. <= 2-2-2 p aS oan eee le
PVEOTI OC OMS 2 er oe) a ee 1137
OTUINIONOMSISE = 8 = ea a ee ee 1137
SVIRTIE A CRAR a <2 st Sa Ee Ee 1254
VIG Z Glin ets ae oe oe oe 854
(CONBGUH = cr F o£ 8 el ee 1676
BVIPr pies es Se ele ee Se 1425
1 TGA LUE oe OE Ee ee ae 1199, 1200
AVE ATERS ec sc he ee i ee 37, 38
OREN TTeGS SE Se. 2k ee 2) ee lee 1162
EROS AUETILNY = — — = ac Po es eed 1276
Ue LD Se Ea eee eee eee eee 336
Da LTT TT 1) ne a 1230, 1231
IN ES Se a en eee oe 1504
IMSL ORNS 3 oe no Oe oe 1173
BVIBDAUGTAL ono on to ee 1637
Se Ths 2 ee a eae ee 664
OE SE RE Se panne pee oak See SS 1280
OID es a ee ee ete eT 1645
everett TAs ye 1012
aie el Neer eine es Oa an Es a ne 1345
IMI GOYH ope on eg Se a ee 1061
rie e (Nf a ae ee eee ye) ae 1679
PORE les aes eS D8 2k ee ek 167
SRB CPST a 3 a, ae ee 1562
Malierodsect vlone 2. a 1182
TTT (| ee en NS Sil 441
roa lee LOLA CELT 1: eRe ee ol Oe Ap Nee 713
Miecracmlentnt 52 < 9.2 es. ee oe 1382
TOTES) pric ees Ce ee 1194
OPTED LE OTIS ae oN Be 678
LSC E eee es ie eee Sea ae Pee FEC 1470
Ta act Op te 2) Roe ee a = 1166
ITECUOEL TATU Y 2) oo ap fg 2 578
STL LTT Oe ee ae ee 7
aismnug hits ee 248
WNT Raghol nc Paes SWE a ee Oe ee ase S 1322, 1368
el MOnbe steed ak 5 | ete 1657
STIS cyte od ed eS et ee 355
Bia en a Ae ee AL aes 1658
chastocarpa 9 2-222. 2. ot kei 1658
Gigtaehiva! ss. 2 = et aes Pe ae 1658
@nGNe iiss 5-2-5 Mt te en i es 1658
family FS ee eae 348
UTOMGR OV tS ae eS een 1658
(itiiolane ce ea a a aed 1659
ERE He ers A Ee ee 1658
polyantha 222. oo eo ee ei 1658
Mii SRCenB a. un 2 N e, o e eeee 348
1 E7571 Chae ae PN aE RE VS SS 1312
RVR Ong ae. ee ose) ON ee a hese 1319
VEDA ye eS ee ea ee 2 ee 1254
MilrasOlhites lo toe Pes) ee 8 Ru 1541, 1546, 1561
SUL ae See nee mas, -. 1540, 1541
SEE CO aps ee Ee bs es eae 1362
GEUCAMDOs 5-8 ts oe ee 1362
elicarno 622 35 oes es ee 1346
VGISamifecas tee ee 292
RELEPOUSOMT oat ot ere he he CS Rt 1656
iMtistletoe family. = 96 Soe fo se 222
mVMOGIE Cinmairmonts- 2 eta ee 1348
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
MGR NEES ae Poh oy ae ee 1035
IM DCINNGS 8 ee 853, 1595
Mighintles. 22-22 5 5 ee 1345
Wig bin Gli = 22. 582 eee 1345
GDP FS = so. oe ee 1345
MODI 2) soto UPR Le eee 1345
INEOICH6 225 os 3 ee 1345
MMoling =. => 3-2. 5-8 ee 1506
Mollinedia. 2 2% 25. ee 285
EONS: 2 ee oo Tl ee 200
Mionardella: -i2. =. _.< 2. 1st Le 1276
Monimiacess:. 225350 2 os 285
IWEGHTING, —. -— 3 594
MonnehSetum. 4-21 5. 2525 22 eee 1056
MOnNODONGT ===. << ee 1083
Mongeis s .<2 <= eee oe ee 1415, 1416
Mionstenase.(20- = 92 eae ee 85
delicioss: 2. = 225-2 8 3 ee 1645
PAbONING en > Ba As es ee 1531, 1538, 1535, 1536
Mrontanoa-_=_--=~0.-- =<. -- eee 1529
ORS 5 SS ee 1534
GON Js 1531
SErbOrescens:. . =! 5-52-52 tee 1533
BYSONOM nc oo te 1534
aschenbornii. 2. e202 ee 1536
pininnatifida =>. 3-2-5. ee 1536
clenunitiled 3 23s oA 8 te 1536
Crpnatas— io. 8 oe es 2 a 1536
elowange = 2S okt = ee ae ee 1536
Aoribunds: 2) 2 a ee 1531, 1533
MIPESCONS = ~2 33-2 ok ee es 1533
Bracilis:~ 432-20 se 1535
prandifiora . 2.=_. ..--5- 5) 222 ee 1535
hemsleyana.. 22 -.-_ 2. $2. 1530
hoexagona =: 205 -S es ee 1533
IDISCHONA. © 2-6. SE a ee ee 1533
rarvinskl 70) = 23 ee 1536
ligbmannil:.. -2- | 2.5.32 22 see 1532
MuUerOlepis =.2-.~-- Re Se 1532
microcephala ==>... <=. 2 eee 1532
miyriocepnala. 62 0 Be a eee 1532
Olivee = 3252.2 -3-+ o e ee ee 1536
(0): Utes: rie a PeteNar emer. 1532
ATONE S.=S a a Se eee 1534
palicifiora:.. 2.2 ee 2 ee 1535
pilosipales:- 2. <3 22 ae es ee 1534
pringlei:.- 2-2. 8-25 ls eee 1532
purpurascenss...:-. 5-_ 2 3. = 3-552 see 1534
Dyramidata-)- = = 2 Sd eee ee 1535
Pekoes. . 2 ok e 1531
TOSI: 2 ss es 8 eS ee ee 1532
samalonsis!2 22 2=s.58.2 Be oo eee 1533
schotfil-.:: 2... ee ee 1535
seleriana::c 2.42. AL 2h ee 1532
S$errate so 2. = Ee eee 1562
SpeClOSa= >... 3-9 =+ 2 1535
STD ELUN CA GAN Se 1534
tehwacans 2. - = 2 1533
ternifolia:-.. 2 a JN oo eee 1531
thomasti =<. 2 i270 be eee ee 1562
tomentosa: 25-02 +2 a ee Dee ee 1531
irilaba-c 223.2024) os eee 1536
Tein aa) 2 22s 1534
xanthifoliges,) =. ou 2°53 se a ees 1532
Wionte: dere: 2. a ee 1344
Montez a=. 2 eee eb ee ne 794
de campos ee ee ee 1640
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO
Page
Vibanseediiamuily a= ses ees alee eee 973
POU UI EO Se Some 3 IES rho fag Ue 344
Monuinig sn At lt bse aes). oD 1637
iMorathedion datos) ual os ne 1659
MOT aCen OR 22? sai sere en eh ee 202
MONCLOStIS 2 = 8k Bae etd he 1226
aVNOrin dae= = 5 fs er Ses ee 1393
Onin gas ts 50S SE RS nn LOR 306
IMIOTISONIA) == 2S fen ae Ses a teat 302
INTorkaliauee Sh4 Sth gen eos US a 523
Morming-plory familyss.= ss ee ne 1194
EORTC QS Se ee ee eae Ag Se Se ee 1324
Morrosess: see Fe oe ae 1324
gnacaleros= =e ane ee 1324
IMO TGOM as aes sneer Oe 683
DVT OTUISE Stee ae a ee es eee te PaO 203
Mosquitoxylum--<5 = ae ee 664
1 Wa) see ae Eee Ste ee | 1484
14 MG) 6 i Woe ee a ae ot Sah Qe Ree og Ty at 1484
INFO UNITES 20) os Ses Se ae Bs ee 1074
MOUSSON Pee se ee a 1327
IMO yitlizeee eS Se ee eee ees 1345
MO ZiT Tsao ge ae ee pa ere ee ete 637, 638
INTO OG seer ee te i Rs See No ey ee 1346
IVI G 1 eee ete eee Me ae ee 503
IM el erate mete se Sie ee ok eee ee 515
IVI ON Gap ree ei oe a Ee 1655
IMurhlenbeckia ere. So Sie ok ry ie 243
Mraicl eae ee 1343, 1345
Wii Glib eaee ese ed oot eee Re el 1345
WY Var Ses 8 hee ee 1671
Wari bermyitamily: ==2-22-2-- = 202
Mun tin ginses sees eee ee ee 734
Mussaenda rotundifolia_______.-___-___-___--- 1376
SDUNOS Gee eae ae an oe mee eee eee eae 1374
hetracantide-- 222 Sees ee ee ee es 1375
Mag nasser es 680, 681
A fag (ts eee Se ey Rs eg eo ees 1046
IMG niGae See cena ee cece ee 164
Miynitaceseteda= 25-22 8iae Son co ee Re 164
Miyniocarpases-o- oss) 22552222 =2 0 Se 221
Myrisiienes ere ee soc nna ios cee SES 284
My ristica@eaes—e ne a= eae oa eed ae 284
Mayrodigs seen ee Soe ee ee 788
MGV ROX VION@ ees oo eS ee ee 433, 840
Vela timulmMess === 22: Sess Se se eee 1676-
Miyrsinaceses: 2222-233 ce cae ne ee se 1106
IMT SING 2 came sane cena aaa aes 1107, 1108
IMiyrtaceae = - 222225255 2555--22 on n-ne eee 1032
iveyntilocactuS.< 252-5 =--—22 2.522 5-2==> 911
Miyrtlemiamily2> sess e2-o=- 25s = =e ean 1032
IMG TGtS = eee eee een oe ee eee 1038
INS ACO" = nee eee eee 1393
INacahtitess = 22- 2s2=- 5 s22s22se ee 1681
INIA See Ae mee soe eae tse seats 337
INES DSO eae ae aa ee ee 1511
IN GALOIS OS eee Reece Sees niae 1576
SIO a a 1215, 1216
IN UE Nee ae cee cece 1377, 1655
INapacoma:------=---<-=-.---==--- === a= 1648
INGIR RIO Soe a es 1672
Narvalina..---------------------------------- 1566
Nata stents 22s Moods ete ee 1680
TNtea tam Cras 2 se 296
IN Gea ote ot oo 2 ce een on eee 260
1655
Page
NEQUE OSE > srs s een Se Cea pat Cee 690
INGO brittonin ess st at eee oe 748
Neodentzig a n= 125 rages Dis we, fs ed 309
NWeoh aH ta Saat peal» bien cng pi te 1343
INeolindenia= =~ aes «2 sis eke a 1338
INGolloy diaw-> 2-0 ts cetew Sine ee 959
Site7z| Cites = eee ee 1677
Neomammilariqe62 52 sae 975
OSCHSUSION © PS ss ee ee 1678
MOCO an alee een ee 1678
Neomilispaughia=. oes ee 246
Neopringleasd-o 706
INCORUU PT ONG Gs ate ao ae Ph 666, 667
INC owas gt Tit = ee es a a 73
INephradenia- 2-022 ol 1179
INephropetaluim +--+. ns a 810
Neptimias eo ee ee 353
Nerium=+25 3624 tet 1157
INGT NSU Oso rts es ae ws ec Ss 1351
NOS GEO Sree hee ns oy} 1025
NESOLLOTIUNUS 22k. eee 1601
Nettle familys 22. ys obo ee ee 218
INCUT OCOR DUI 2 ee ot ae ee 493
Nextamalxochitl 2222-525) 5.5 2 eee 1391
Nieobians 3$-2 ie. eeueee te, oe 1278
INGSSOlIAEY Sasa ale ee ee ee 487
INixtamaxo¢hitl..2/2 34222 ee 1391
INO Cha S45 tek eee 1513
IN@Ctt ease ee eee ee 1514, 1515
No gale eee ee ee 1648
Nojonotete? 2) 41 eee 1674
IWolnng 56! ee Fn eee Le 94
Nopaleau==< ==. 2. 2203 ha eee 862
INopalxochias-—232--5-=-- ee 1011
NOULCS IE S52 Ee ee ee 1469
INGtoptera 2.-< 2-22. 22+. eee 1558
INittzinga tA ee Se es 1395
Nivnneziignti te = 8 ee 80
Netmegivamily--<- 2-42) ee 284
Niyetoceteus)... 2 ee ee 905
Oawacania=2 =~ 2 ee 1419
Otelanthera-- 2 = eee 816
Obeliscoideda’siera=- == ee 1674
Obianet= = Se eee aS 5 251, 252, 1655
OG? 222-32 Se = ee ee 1671
Oregonia= 2. ee eee 1677
Oghndccdo the ol. sss ae eee 819
Ogbromgs-5-425.52 3223 =. Se ee 1674
Oui sree es a 1272
Opo-cuahuitles ses ose oe ek ee 1643.
Orote macho S49. = 2-3 Sa ee ee 1644
Oentea. 2-7 522 eS ee Se 295
PETUG UST Ge eS oo oe, oe 1656
DY TOMUGRtA = 22 oo nn ee ee 1656
WMETARUCNSIS =~ sho ceseapaaawaeet nase 1656
Oo vel ase ee a ae 1643
QOentille see. toe. re 1531, 1637, 1669
(SIMI yee ee or esate cen eee 829
ODT 8 Pe ot bene cease eee 502
Ogontonemds <5. 2 a ee eee 1338
OBOSTGM ON 42354535 Saa5 = aaa eee 268
Open petal 22" <3 <_ 22> 3. Sees 689
Onnotliend 282-8 ee ee 1077
OT 8 a A no en 1672
Ojonde buley- <=... 25.5 = Saraeaee so 1332
de zariate: .< 252552 Se. ee ee 1656
1708
Page
LOG CY: i a ee ee res 236
pifomminl ye Sa a ees 236
Oe ea ee Ae ea ene eee 1132
ONBAROAG se os Sa oe ae ee 1132
Olipanithes: = 225. ae <ance eee a aes 1418
Watts = oo ake ee ewe ae ee 1415
Olive iamilye 22 oon canes arene eos 1132
OUNO WE 28 Sas on a oe ae ea ee 481, 1665
Oe a ae ee anno 66
SO a oa Serre oes. le 1644
ONAL ORN Aa on oe ee ea Se 1358
OWT OTAUB A oe ee ie 1074
OQngg pase es on ena dom ees ee 839
OF Cb Se eee ae me ee oe 1637
Grychacanthus:~ — 2 5 3~ sem- cas sasscenneoees 1335
Gpereqling : = 2. oo. sooo sos ee 1198
Combed lariat ooo cp senor aa ee ae 1671
OPRYYOSDOKUS: . o.oo noone eesedesannpcense=se 1469
CUM 0 Se eer heme Rane, 1456
Onnithavmacnsunus <<. ona nn=-a-aannnaaanaes 1334
Oyllianeae 5s ooo Shas o nse sen eons seen 235
Ornolighe=s= (2 os cade ees sanne coe 1317
(Oo) 7 Oe a eee 864
SIBIMOBBNSIS. — <a oo oa ae nnn cneween en 1676
NG) Ln 0 a is an Sees ner aie ~ 1676
inti te tt: a oe io ies eee ae eer 1676
OrsranGichnArron 8.2 sacedae sat seenaee 1661
PSC TRC 1 a a ee A So 1478
@almerro = 2. Sosa sc op ease nese 1478
RENO ofan cence encase auaeine epee 1478
pes Oe ns 1396, 1397, 1398
Oreja dawaneios=— 4. -. at ca k e 1558
GING Tf ee a nee ns ee ee ee ee Rae 1337
OleratOn son! 522 Sota Sacled eee 1386
"DT TO) ale Se a SS 333
CORRE TRTTIILS Soe ot cos oe en ea a et 1054, 1055
CEO Es 22 So a oe 294, 295, 296
CRED PAD OS 2s sa Shas as one arcana 1081
Grmocerpum: <= <= 62 .ecene ss ---8 nase eS 429
IOSD OSs ot a ciawiaauinn aoe Ao eS 436
Uf] bet, |aU (1 Se a ee ee Sa 1660
Gritiostiphyl0s 110. Sod occ aw nce sees 1095
(00) 3 ee ee ee ee cer Se ese 1645
OLpine TAMU 5525s 5s oss aaeesseocosucse 307
CONES P ACU Gate cus aah noma Sobol a ccsmacte 1643
Orthosia22=<-52- po Sao sae ana ensasenann=ses=e 1177
Orthosphenin: 2 32 s+ sscewacessessna sats seee 684
Ortigulllacscecs stess sesso ssesussososse 1654
Orperanthys oy jo = 525553 ss eeSereteeeee 231
Osbeckias+=.5-===-- ee eee eee 1053
OSMmaNgnUS= == 52= ssh oe see ase sso SEA 1141
OSM 5238S 5 Sr saacadennaanassascasteK 1444
(ORCS Ee: ee enn een ee Bes. 2 1070
OBER Geers cs eee te RE 169
OtATHIOL ao a a re ot 1644
Oi. ce enn a aa eee een eaten Eee ee 1555
Otecal yes Se ss So soseeeewsenste cee 1378
OTGPAD DUS. = Ses os eee Be ee ee 1570
CTL NATODIS 8 a oe eee 1559
niternt/OliUS 2s 3-3 A Se 1582
DR CORDOS ne he ens 1559
ANAL Tk ea ee oe ee Eee 1559
OUURCCUSH EE? eee ee eeedeaeaee 1583
FOOUREO NIE soe a ee 1582
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
Ourates._- - ee see ee 819
PlODOSA 22 <a asec seek sees eee eee 1675
jarrensenli joe a 1675
mexicana... 2525-5 -oa oS eee 1675
Oblita. = 22224. eo eee 1675)=
(Li 1 | Soe ene Saree ee SOT. 1675
pyramidalis.<--.5.~<2. 2. > =) ee 1675
theopbraste = oc. =. eee 1675
Qralidscene 2. 22+ 25 e222 eo a 517
Oxalis’ 22 2 -c8- eee 517
Oxylohus’s.:-. =. 22522222222 ee ee 1422
Ongmeris se: <2. ot oo 4 see 1058, 1059
@xypetalum <. 3.2- 3-626. oe eee 1178
Qyedaea---- -..- =". ee ee 1571
BeCMNONN 2 2-426 ee ee 1544
Paakizaty- ©... -.2 2. teh oa ee 1645
Paehiote: =~ = 22-.ss-e22 den ee ee 1673
Pachita. 2 = om: <-> ee eee 792
Pach ycereus).:. 3. 2s eee 894
Pach ycormus...-~ ==-=s2-252..2-25s-5-5e--e 671
Paehystélms =; =.:=2 2b =. 22. oe eee 1194
Pathystigna..-) 235 eee 536
Paehyaiima’.: s-22 a. inh e caN be be ee 679
Raiiig 2 ee ee ee 340
Baader ips 3% 2 2 ee os 1392
agua y 3222 8S 22 oe en oe ee 1671
Pellnioadiy 2 2 ee te Ok ds ls 5 1604
Ralencano: - 2 fs ese eeecds cei -sss. eee 1673
Palieoures) = -2 55-22 = 2 eo eae ee 1392
Palito de meberon ai hsecsc 52 eee ee 1416
Patliti 2203 o-eo sth eats Soe ee eae 1561
Palm family..~ =: csscssos-ccecesscase eee 70
Bala fn eed essceccccedcseeee ee 1645
harrete. oo sob sete ee ae 1645
Goniivs | 8 ee ok a ee oe See 1645
ching... = s--22hs225522en 2822 eee 1645
de sbanico®. 2.5 s2eccccccseerseseeco eee 1644
Ge: apardl0s.<<- .s.s5ssecheessec ee 1645
dé'San Jaan =. <. si22s2 284s 2sse5 2 eeceeea 1645
de\San' Pedro... =. 2s52s5422525522- 4s 1645
dé sudadere <0 ...-- =2.3232-5- = ee 1645
prande st): 32 = 252 eee 1645
Pamilie <= 22. sco 352s 5 eee eee 1645
Palito 22 eS sack tose eesne sees 1644
PAO SOTO. oso coes kh eesteses canes oases eee 1678
BINGYOOL. == ossas3s-cssacceseese eee 1367
planco 22-225. <2 5-3-5222 1320, 1335, 1413, 1560
DobG!4A. = = 45-223255 2 ees eee 1635
Gamiaron: 8229" < 352 222 3 se ee 1365, 1380
CAPNETO | 222 seco coeds alte eee eee 1657
CeniZo0.=- => eee 1581
COlOTadO =. 2snk ee ee 1660, 1668
de Bites ns se ee ee 1322, 1335, 1618
0 a8C0.5.-35-25 ee ee 1319
Oe asinia 2) co ee eS eee 1416
de calabaza.22-=<2225- See 1324
dé estore. = eee 1376
6 Cera. Li ee eS eee 1671
de coral! SS 1380
deda enzo eee 1375
dé'culébra.-- ee eS ee 1671
del golpe. 22. 2's. cae ee 1337
detmarimba... ===. ee 1533, 1535
depeine blanco:-.< .-. 25-2222 eee 1371
Cie tOse. se Se et ee ee 1320, 1666
Pago
®alode San) Nicolas... 2020 ae Ranllinia2-* <_< Se Uae ee a eee
deiSanta: Maria. sees en el 1641 californica 222 =e. 55 4% aieeee ee eee 1672
Ge COrOmss aso uaa tie Oe ea 1393 PUscescens= 2.22". 0 thee a ee 1672
de: turtuimins Se a ee 1324 plnnsta:o- 23 3 ae es Se 1672
POET OMS SSASS: Ate Sy als Maced ies ae 1659 Spin0sa =<. 28 Sol eee ee 1672
BUACOl === se oe 1470 COMONTOSA += 2 5. fe Si 1672
hueso Soe oe te Sie 2 dae er las 13197 |p Pavoniasice. att. 22a Soe See 771, 773
JOSO28 Se oe aan oe ae So en G59) |e Rectissiee.< co oye 2S. 2 ee ee 1615
LOCOS ors 2 Soo Se ee eee 1635-\|)p-bedtlanthust <> >. thee ais 604
WIEN Ot: aeee epee eee reed ee eee Fe 1675 Petraes. 2. =. a a ee 1669
obero Sone Sosa se cee pan cee Hees one LO TIP PROG a OSH shee at ar te nc 1484, 1665
DIO] OR eas ae a i ee 1660") Regapalowt 2 -iitee 22. ee ee 1314
OEIOLO Nae re La seme eid 1650). |pelnevdeamicoee. eer. tee a eee 1316
LENG oe on ee ee 1665p) |\Reistons seo. tt er 2 1478
UROL Ae eas oe) Sea aS ak ee 1320)\|" Belecyphora..--.<_ 252). a ee 973
CAD) 0 1) 428) se Rr eo SG eee rns 657i beltostipmae =< s = e eeee 536
MODULE p25 ok oe ea ae At ork aee 1668 fe Reluchie <= i342 rr Tis ee 1512
ER ALOUHItHS hate ce ee 1316; | Reniocereuss2e-- 2 = 3 Se ee ee 903
MA ae ie 2 Ie ods Sa A) ee 1656) |i entstomonsk=_ ~~. 2 2 Se ee 1307
BEF: a1] oar see ene oa ae ane he ee PERS. APY T3808 |p Opin erica Ses cet a ee 1323
EE TACT Rea ter tate 5 ae ee 6756860) || Repperifamily2- 2-9 ee a 145
BRAD ACG mesa ee es A od IBY CIR YI Yissal| ed ata cee es sours ee eee 468
10) (CLOG Cota Ge 5 inne a Sere Re ee AS TAR Ben Gicinnys =e eats oe eee 1638, 1639, 1641
aDAChillawss tee 2 Fe se 1S7ZG;1S78f | hereskias 222-25 = = oe ee 858
PapasOlie meee ek oe et sine 1675. |e BeteSiOPSise -- -22) 5 A 860
IBADAVETACEAG es eeu 299 SCAM@enS=: 2.2 2a te = ee 1676
(Papa walamlily, sees 6 os a 849° 18 enzo ce Se a ee ae 1636
EOD UA eae erg a Ce ees ee aaa Si 1G ||P RENE ZOD Res Ba ene Ne 1637
IPA pel Omen ee. = Tes a8 See IBIS AGS TEL Rericoe = = Se Sane Ee ee ee 1672
IPATAC TION a= ee oe ee te ee 1535 | Pericome spilanthoides___.___..._...__.-_-.-- 1661
PAT HUNOS Steet omg een tS = oe ee it Op enthue ter. — = 2-22-25 2o- ee eee eee 1657
DLLOROD Oya = nen = ee en NG7OR lt -Benimentopsise.- 2-2. = ee 1541
yg} <0) ee a a RES en LGV AUNT EN ch eh 2 eee ee ET ere ee Nee 1372
PRT STII he pocket en aE EE I ETT 70k | CupeLIbyAeE.. 32-2 te 1600
BPA KATISO TLDS a ee gen pl ee 428 dissectas = 2s ee 1603
CLES Lae enna oes eee Set ate a 1660) hers ee eee 1386, 1399
ATUCTODIVY UU rs = on eee ae 1660!) (ROnbitas:-- 5-2. 15-2 yes ee eee 1399
ESEIMOD CICA hae ee, Sea Be M9239 || (Rermettias_ == _- = es eee 1100
(LORS a a Pe 1924-\) Berrottetia-a.- --) = 3= es See 684
SRG, i el a eS BEY ee ae AKA’) POTSOR sae 32 San, fe Es a Ral ss oe ee 288
ST SOTIC eee or ees SS 1662 americana: 22222. 22-25 2-.-= 1656
CACC AO i 2k Pps Fk ees 1662 hartmannili:-2 = 2-2 eee 1656
Gathese tee ene eae ns 02s ee 1161 Hebmannit 2.2302. see 1656
dony.cnoldess=2= == es eee 1661 podadenia glabriramea___.__.-.-.-_------ 1656
greg ime ee 8 ah on 1661) PersimmoniHamily= 22 =. ees hoe ee 1124
RGGSENCRIANA sea 2 ON es ee 16622 ||P Penymentitim==-" ~~ -2 2.32 laa eee 1547
longeracem sas. te oe 1662 aCUMINAGUM-<-- 2-56. <2 a ee 1555
TEP ACAL DAS esas a Aen) See nee 1661 QUDUWIMs om cewek ee ee a Se ee 1594
SCOT ATI eh ee Ok re a 1661 anpustifoliumis:: = 6222 6 eee 1554
VIS LIZ G1 eee os teen Ba ee oP ake ee 1661 asporifolium'—~ =< 3-2 3s. eee 1551
WAMNADANICAS = aa 25-- a eS 1661 barclayanum<=- 2222-22 2222 0 cee 1555
Parralel aeons eh bat ee 1609, 1610 berlan dieriih=- 2 "S23: 23. ee 1552
TRATsOUS ee i eek ees 1014 blepharolepis=: =! 25252-2222. hoe 1554
Parthoniuioe ps en ee ee 1519 buphthalmioides:~ 22.25 es eee ees 1550
Parthenocissus: --!-=.= <2 -s5-2-525-— ee 728 Cenvantesils- = 3. 3-25. 2-5 eo oe 1555
PACH CHAN OL osteo a ee Sn ee 1595 chalarolepis-.2- === << .n—=225—0-an~ eee 1553
Passiflorde tate Se 849 chihushense: - 3222. one ceeo cen eee 1550
Passionfiower family___.-...------------- wee 849 Collin tnt = ee nee eee eee 1554
TENG et er Bee Sate ey ae ons» 1655 COnSsODEMUM 2 32 on ee 1554
AGleRCINOS= 2 maka ee ee ee 1655 COMULUM «25 | oe oe seo eeneo= den neee 1551
Gb MAUTONO’ 2o.e0-+ econ nea ae eee ee 1655 croceum.-......-.------------------------ 1553
Apne. 5 eh 1655 discolor .225. -oso--eseeeee as benasse ee 1553
PRavOTGI LOS cok= sek Se ee 1401 ghiesbreghtite: 22 see. on eee oe 1553
Pata de CABLO W222 oe 8 soe eee 1660 glandulosum tt te en err rrr entra 1551
Pa OlOlOtenee css- 2 Soe ee ee 1678 globosum_ See Re 1551
Panini ee ee en 1176, 1177 goldimanil> 525 ee ee ened 1552
416 race ease ese se ee emacs 1553
PAE ee a ae eee eee ee
1710
Page
Perymenium gymnolomoides-_-__-__---.-.-__- 1555
By DOUGH a2 sed n sobs ee 1554
fAlISCONSO 493-2 3S a 2 so 1550
lancom 2 2sscse a ee ES 1552
ASIOIE PIS ase = soo -2es sso eee 1554
LA tISG MEINE 22 ee soe 1555
leptopodum- -_____ sathewecte ss Bee 1552
maAcroce Dhaai 23 ts 1555
mendezii cylindrocephalum__--.______-_-- 1552
microcephalum == -222:=-===:=- eer 1553
MHICTOD A GUNN o's 5 Sw ee 1552
PTO OTD = 5 5s St te ree 1555
REG UL Se ee, Pe 1555
AV MOMS as taf png oes ge 1550
DOMIpG En 2 ae Oke ce 1553
DINSLONUD <= +o esse oon ES 1552
‘ig ti) -}!:| Shee ee: eae a. aoe eee See oo 1551
DUFDUGI is nee 1552
rolundisquamunt..2--2. 2 ee 1552
SPR rs te one FT 1551
SOTLOT een ee ee 1570
stenophyllam =<. seco eee 1554
SUDCOPGStUM sean ose esesseec 1550
BUDS MATTOSHNN = oes ek ee 1550
VOr DOSINOINO8 20 sae ste 1551
POSTON shite Oh rsh RE 1478
PO GRR es Wn oe a Sh eS ee 854
Fat Ta LCE SS EE ee eee eee Pee eee ay 1316
PGURSLORIA Uses hoe See eee es 1318
darigiauscanwnm.=<-<2.+2~o0 SS Ae 1314
(PORN i ose noe pee Ske 1370
PRG Gae StS 2 Aw sae ot see eee 1252
GURU GUI ie eet Ro Se bp pe ee 264, 1656
Peas is ee et oo eee 1237
Peuceph Vlunt 5 eee 1620
Ls ek I a ae oe ae ee A ne 1478
IROSGO TEE oe, woscek a eee 1478
12 (bi ee oe Sa eres 22 se TE 256
Phpedranthus-c oo. ooo eee Ue 1316
Jz]; 7) hy eee eo eee Sean eee oes» 1422
VORA OUN Gy en ee ee AE 1431
PRGTINGCONY C60 ao en et ch eS 209
Phatilethaminws =. << fp co ce te ee 264, 1656
Phenae 240 ese feb Oe ieee 221
Pntinctisss< t-te 1525
fongipeae a ee ee 1527
iPhilndelphus-— 5-22. - cathe 309
PPT RletueriG =e eh ect Be Leen ae ae 830
PAU ETT CUEE aoe a oc oe On oe 1170, 1172
Pitlberid cnc nc eatin ee 1170, 1173
‘Philodendron- =< e+ eee 86
PON eet ne ee kee tee Re 1645
PCH VU UIIN 2 oe ak ee a TED 1645
IPloebes.~¢ +2282 ~ 3. eet ee 292
ORGUSLOIO— = a2 ee one beret ES 1656
HON PIES == 2 oes ane kee 1656
iPRoeenicacone: j=. 2 o2- 52h -e hee Pe 70
PHGenI xe. ~~~ <4 = See we 76
Pheradendren=- oo. — Se) os 2 ae 223
olleantim 22> es) 1655
ealifornicume (i. Melo. fs 222i 2 1655
Hira ti 2525 se ee 1655
MEPVOSUM 2. sect o5 sn 255 tos ess 2eSe 1655
Schumannis=*22<- =. 0. = = eee 1655
boMientostiml S253 5.2 ooo 5: Sete es Fe 1655
Volutinum..222+-2-- sss. 2 =. So 1655
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page.
Photinia. = sss ascot sass ee 336.
Phrygilanthus- =~ =.. .20 5. ee 234
COS Se SS i a ee Se 711
Piyllanthus e255 oo ss5.cen ee 608.
UUM T RS ee te 166%
‘CUT De ene ee Lee ee SAP 1669
PTB OCCUR Des 5 os Fe ge 1009, 1011
PR wMWlononia sss os eee 313.
CONIS COR S554: i ao 1657
Phryllostylons 6 ess aes oe ee 1654
TYSOGID 35 5 th ge 801
COnyIn DOSWIN 5s ae 1675
Phytolactacene cece ee a ee 263.
i op (217: re Se ore ee oe 1637
Profiesuilla 2. ht 1637
do igh) 1 eS eae Ce Se me Oe AE 436.
Picoide:guiloches. 5220 o ee ee ee 1672
G6 DetG a. etee ee OS 1315, 1316.
PiGvaileniopets.. 28 8255.53 ee 1605.
Nog tC LE: LC, Ch io a eee were et yO 541
PPICIHSIN Sd three ke ee 1667
igre ee oo Se 540
Pea ss ho eck beh ae ee 489
PiGid 6! CAD Tone arr 1660
Cy clit: en ete ewer eee Sime! | | 1317
Ge QUicharenc<- pene eee 1647
GR ZOD Pe ees 1413
PLIQOSL OSI reno eae tie eterna ae 675
TET oe, ia a ace ret Rp A 850.
PRB CANIS ss ciate cht eee 535
NP DDET CUS 5s hen 890, 893
Monta Dae ey ee 1037, 1678
Ge 880s +. 2b eect ce Se eee 1358
PIRCAGUIO! A acc ooo ee ee 1659
PRIACCROs a eee em ee tee 50
PAGS» oe rn eck bee ee ee eee 1643
CN \ co ae een ieee ek 50
PINGS eso ce ee 1643
STObACO ess oi nae otoecer eee 1643
PRINS 2 code Boe ee ee eee eee 50
leiophy Uae 2). 5S eee 1643
MUN Cate, oot eee ee ee 1644
DAA: + Sees eee eee ee 1644
PInceans 2s. 5 sce coct ee eee 1643
BAGIsb ic: of eee eo ee cena eee 1644
GWE0COLO2 aula nde cee cs sea eee 1644
|| a a re en Se Go 1612
IPIGNO: cee a eee ene eee 1612
Papal Sess ee en eee ee 1666
IDRC ato ae ee 145
abalienathim. 2 coe 1647
GUT ED Ot = ee 1648
apilandme— . 22s. SO ee te ee C= 1647
auicdule.— = oe eee 1647
albidiflorum. 2.22 2222522 = 2 eee 1647
botieuieais. 2 ee 1647
brachy puss. 042-282 see 1647
chipanilense. 2 2222s. eee 1647
consoeiatum: 2022s eo. ee eee oe 1647
diguehianum.2 2252-02 ee eee 1647
hispidum...2..2---- es eee ee 1647
faliscaniim.- 7 2=- st 2 eee oo ee 1647
Jeucophyllume — >. = 22-5222 oe ee 1647
manzanilioantim~ 52223255... eee 1647
WNEBia= tas boa eee ee 1647
mChehanint oss 20 ee ee ee 1647
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO
Page
Biper pachommums -eeese a eee eye ee 1647
Palmers oN hee eka eae te 1647
MONZONTLOONUTT ae ee 1647
OMIT ATT Tee ene ee sae eS eal i 1647
Pringles = aye wee eae: eae 1647
BOSON 2 08 Wee eee pee ee Soe Ser a Ge 1647
ROUTOSCE Ske ee Ween eee ere ee ete 1647
tepicanumt see eee oe PEE 1647
GICOLa Eas eke eee ees De Re Were 1647
CN Qn Gane eee es eee ew ee Te 1647
VeLUGINOVAriUii lee see epee es & 1647
Iplizean Ose ses wee ne ene ees ReN LL eh 8 Ay 1641
TET CEO Leva ee pin Ne isa a 354
COnSiniCh aes ees ee See TE ths 1658
EADLOTLOCEN CLS were Sees 1677
EU OLE DIS Se ee oe of 1140
Pe hOUNTI Xe: ae eee ee eer Tee se 1431
HAIGUIOR PA eee ee ee tt 1418
TPIT oe Ree ee Ee ee 1418
Lette Qo veyen oe ee 847
J EUG TT aM Ae ee 511
ETRE oe ee 260
Cg leataeea nee eS es 1655
GOTH EUR TS ot SE 5 GE 1655
RISO TUGH cree ee et et 261
THRO = les Seer ee es Se 661
TEPC U@U TUT 2 A a 1372
ISSO ea ee eae 1376
ESTUROS Meets eee te = ie SA iy 1376
LEGUED) DRT ye ee eee eee 1372
SEaTHIT 1 (ere ee ee a AR 528
Pm MECOCLEMM Nimes 2 See = 2. Se 1315
(PLUG CET AT a ea Re Fa 1316
CUPEL Up Soe an re ns st 1317
TECESHOIIUN eee. Boe Sas Sas ee 2 ee 1317
EAHHECONODLGM = see os oe os ee 391
SrNOreu@re = 8 a= 22 94s 2k. SS 1659
eaess pinioidess a= e255 see ee 1659
ROS LACS =e = sense = Se ee 1659
panceolat wi = sss 2 ss Se ee 1659
RAO US ee oe so ee = a ee 1659
TeNICOSPeLInGtm tes Se) 25 ee ee ae 1659
LISS LER eae se beer 2 1659
MeNiCAnMs S955) 25. See 1659
AnICUMAUUINEe! a5 5a ce ee 1659
pulchellumetss—- 025 sa ee 1659
TOMENLOSILT ee © Sk Se Soe eee 1659
DOLHML See eee a oes sete leet 1659
EEE eee oe et es ee oe 1666
Tiga (aaa re Se a ees ge ee 1643
lA COCALD desea See ee en ad 1386
RGU DIUM sees ae ae ot SSS See 1049
iBlane-treewiamily. 252 2-2 Sexiest es 319
iisianaceaGens se aes Sasa eee a ea 319
Miami 3 oe ae eS ee eee 319
Teli Given 28 2 ee SS eee 510
IPRIG UE so oe ae 1576
ESTOS ONTO ae er en am 48
JEU TOMU eo a SE ES ee eee eee 1054, 1055
ipioganiophyllone ss eee eee 1369
felocosperina | ee See SN Se 1142
TENT Vela (et 2 Es Se ee 1509
MOTION oe eee ee ee 1508
ID EMINIaGeOLO: see ee eee eee ee eS 1344
Plt aginaCeae <2 sae ee te en ee 1112
iplambp ages fee.) b= Sse eee eases 1112
57020—26——_26
Page
lumen aseees. oh a ae 1149
Blvrrranl ack oats Ce |. es ee 1641
IR OaCenes 22 cents Set i Sa eho 65
ROCHILOCO! Bane as 2s 2k cass ee 1391
odachsentum-<— es ese ee 1563
Pod opteruse.36~ 225, 2-2 ee ee ieee 246
POeppigiaw: <=252 nl. 2 kat a ie ae 412, 1659
Pog. Se 1324
POUND he at aes Te 422, 424, 425, 426, 427
IPOS eliiie a t=! seat se ME eee 600
Rokeweed>itamilys22-25- 5-2-5 . 263
(Polemoniacese:s-i eee ek ee eee 1208
Poliominthas*=4 2" 2a a eee 1270
Polyaster.. 28: a ew ee if a 537
Oly COdiUmM y= 2 ee Ne era es 1103
Roly galatsss-ss 2 oe ae eee 579
appressipilis#=2- 22-25 20 eee eee 1668
SINGLOCNSI OSs Pee sd ae eee 1668
Poly galacesow=san = 28 oe ee ene eee 578
Polygonsceaeiee= = 52 5). 8e a) ee 241
POWIGONUIN Eas eee > es 2 eae 243, 247
POL UNAG LED TALI ee 1532
POW DOD DUS Kao a he ee ee ee 1510
Bol Dodi a 29 eee e eee 40, 44
iPolystemma: a0 23 set eee 1184
POMS Se ee ae 420
Pomerranatetailyee a ea es 1027
POM OY. 2325885 - 255 ee oe 1674
(POTAS)! sao SAC ee 1380
iPonchishuil--2 22s ee eee 1595
Popotillo-2->--s2= 42. eee ee 1503
Poppyiamily=o- <== 2 ee 299
PoptZing.2 4 322.. 2 ee eee 1643
Populus !s2eu = See ee eee 157
angusiiiolia=: =<. 02 (82 2 eee 1648
arizonicass. = a2) i Fee 1648
brandegee =e: SS eee _. 1648
dimorphic. 23st a eee 1648
monticolas=<s2et 2s. ee 1648
Roranae 222 ee os2 ee ee ee 1195
‘POT CEO ena en Fae 279
Porlieriases2 sasee 2 se anes eee 522
Porro pry Mums s2s- = Sone eee ee 1610
IPOL0-POl0 > 2 ea ee a ee ne ee ee 1676
Portlan din@ se) ea— ae ne ee ee ee 1351
hecand Ge oe ee eee 1367
MLevrosPen Ms ee oo ona c oe 1367
Portwlacaceae: 222-2502 taco eae 265
POSOQUETIA Sa 2c Se = en ee eee eee 1371
POSSI nn ee eatesee Ren See 433
Potato family =. oscece 6 = oo pose aeons 1277
IPOUZOI2IS 2 once cannes os eee ae ee ee 220
NUVG! soe an oes eee eae 1654
OCCIGONtALIS= 6453-325 eae ee 1654
DUTDUS ta. a ae ee 1654
POZONQUG 532 2- ee ee 1647
Prenantes = 922 oe eae nee eee eee ee 1641
Prestoniaw 2 <2. 2 sends Moccenasae-sscceeoees 1158
Priestley = oe a ee 1538, 1535
Primavera: -2-<o2 25> s5- sane sche eee 1321
Prin COWo00d ec =5 <= 5 == eee eee 1366
PringleopRylU ce a=- een eae eee 1337
PriStyMeN@ tet aoe ee ene 686
iPritchardig-. 22= 3 2s— 5 nee ese ae 73
(IPrOCK92 02 = seen een 840
IPTOGIS1OSA ona eae ne 1482
1712
Page
PROSOPIS _<<.o 5-25 onssawean=ocseesenaane=— Eee 350
ebilensis.2 3-2 2. 2s 2 ae ee 1657
JIMS ON ee sce oa on ea nS ho ee 1657
(Proteaceae... 2-22 6s--=Ses sents as == ae 222
PROUT ee oo i on Se een ee 543
IPRS Seas oa ee ee 338
Pssndabuiion 25250222 2 ee De 758
Peendolmadia- =... 2-2-here=- 225-22 cese 214
GET Te le eee. ee 1181
Pesudosmodipigme§ 2-2 - kL. 8 664
IPSCUGGUSNPA = a =—- 2s e hon nnn eases bee 58
IBSIgiOM ooo on oe 1034
Pavlostrophe. Ws <=. -<---2-555===--22 2028 sase 1599
(EA PARE DDS Se ee ee 234
PAVIA SITINS oe 2 3 awe a 1655
LOT AO eae Se eS eee 443, 454, 455
UE TT ae ee ee eens. ye 460
ES IPTT ON oS a eas 451, 452
ESTOS == = = soa a ee Oe
PSV COOM INGE o-oo onan ohana ieee 1387
Cie Tn i re er 1681
BEOPUR oe oe ias = ael ee e 1357
V4) iy 1 Se ae ree eee eee 1387
OME TEE a yh 1392
DUOADICINDS 2 a5, ic ose anton e ne acute 1681
LeU SS a Ee eae ees > 531
Lng ip a Soe ees 508
THT STC ee eo ee ee eae 1666
RECT UTLT i eS See SEE Ae eS Se Sa 1052
LEG) 0) [a ae SS SS ep So 1052
VETERE!) 7 DE OE ETRE SD Gi ease PES 243
Pterostemon_____--- 3 ety eee st 312
ETAL Nihy die get 26 SR sc SE ONE SED NS 1228
LPOYIN OLS yes arena ath i RIESE: SIMA SOE SS 1541
Ln T/T Her i a ahlasiee ee an eal aps aes ee tee 1027
PEA ch ee ah 1656
Le Te IT itt 2 ne eer ine iia eee nese 1089
TEVTORLEPIA. 25... = SEE Sere eee eee 1313
Lp io Sf ee a Ia a SS 334
SVITT RS ee eer eS ee 787
TT CS) eget aelig, Sohh es SN aE ee aetk Ate 541
PSU EERL ENC 1254 Il ana he eee oe I eee Be SS 1648
TG Sia aT a ie 8 ek ae ee Re 1658, 1660
OTE TYErT Ys Un) cua aa Se OS aa a a eae 1670
ATID CTS Lie ERS ean’ & va eee ee ees 171
BUH DLGRUSIN 228 sea ee ee 1653
HGHAPNOODIEVNAS =f = nee ace ae ee 1654
ROCUIVEMUIONA =< 2-2 oe el ee 1652
aerea____- sa eg EM a AR NPN A SIE 1652
RIRTHOSATISIS 5 ee 5 oo She 1653
Cl att (jer (1 eee a ae es 1654
MINBSCONS: 2 2-2 ee see eee oe 1650
BIVETOZONSIS a. & 2. =~ = 52 oso soe te 1650
Sie) EY 1 eee ee a a ee) ee 1650
IOI OLA oe ee ane = es ae ee ee 1650
BUPA ACR ne = 2 oho Sot on ee 1649
SNe iy es Saale ee ae ee eee oe a eae 1653
Pa ICLORPUNI IG 2 ta er eee = eet 2 hee se 1649
balsequillana-_______________- anger LANs 1651
HEL ee ee ets Se 1649
DIDRU ALIS] os s-c eas oa coo. see 1651
DOISTLYOSONSIS=-~ <3 225 = ono ee 1651
IDBOTHERONNS eet eon Se eee 1649
DOL YVOCHEDE = -20- = + 42520-2422 eee 1653
IDOUIPRGPS~ on So ee oe ose see kee 1653
CABTUISOURT PA 262 =-- 2 = sao os eee 1653
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
Quercus callosa_._~.—- -- 2.2: 5 eee 1649
Campanarionsis--*.5.-6225.22-5 3 ee 1651
canbyi.... =...) -.. eer 1654
Ganceliata.. . 3.22.5 22). eee 1649
ecandolleand. ~~ =22 =. 2 1654
CAINSTOSANS. 325. oh ance eee 1654
centralia. 2.953225. 1649
@eriferas<2> 2 2-3 se 1654
COMES 26-228 stole er 1651
chartaceas...-=-=--2 =... Ys 1649
chihtiahuensis.- =" Seep 1650
chignihuitillonis:-__-.._.. =... 2. sees 1652
circumumontann.--.<--. 2... J." eee 1653
eoceolobaefolia_ ._..----_ 2... _ Seas 1652
coffesecolor..<2... 2 =. -- -.- eee 1652
COMM seas 5S See ee 1653
conglomoersta... == == = ee 1650
conjunpens . oo eee 1649
COBSDSFS8. =< =32- eee 1654
convallate...... <=. eee 1651
Conratiii: -— <3 oc. es eee 1652
cordifolia --6 2 ee ee 1650
erenaivinlig. _- $2 |. ee eee 1649
erispifolia. =.2. 82 2 eee eee 1653
crispipilis:.....- 2 822 1654
Cuaiimalnans. <9. be eee 1653
denrossipes: =. os 2! ee 1651
IDGRPTEICGlA = 2 x86 eee 1650
GIigersicolor- 2: =. on 1650
gaurangensis.{. =i. > "2-35. 3-3 eee 1650
Guragninlo. 20. 6h ee 1651
endlichiana: =... =..." = 2 =. ee 1652
epiletica ==. -- 2-2... ee 1651
CIQGRIN. 52220 oo ee 1652
CSPCTrAaNZAe.- _ . 2 sna aoe ana Seen 1652
exaristata:..-__.. 22-2 eee 1652
felipensis = 2220-2 = eee 1652
fOUTINIOF: =... .. .-2=~-- 2552 eee 1653
SNC so ooh a Rs eee 1650
haematophiebin=.-=>---..---_.. ee 1649
PA se se eee 1652
WATmMsigng =~ see 1649
Haremanin = -5. 5) 5. ee 1651
mypoxanths..... °.-.22..-"=_..-_ So 1653
imbricariaefolia...-=---- ===". - set eee 1653
gM Pressa |. = = 2 2 a ee 1654
incarnate: =o 25 a ene 1652
INICTASSAtAS = 525 ee 1653
infralitea... 328s eee 1651
innuncupate.- +» 2 -- e 1650
invapinata. 2 ae 1651
jJaliscensis..: . 42-303 eee eee 1650
jaralensis.« .—.---.. . - = eee 1650
GONPSIs Poo 2 eee 1652
RAN WRI oo! = Ae Se 1654
Janglassel 2 22-22 2 oe ee 1652
lecomteans. = - =: =~. --ss—5seeeeeu=ae 1650
loeseneri: 22525525545) = 1650
Malioliqis = 2/2 ks 2 ee ea eee 1653
MANZAnU AWS oo = ae Se ee eee 1650
miguelitensis = .=.»2-===-_o__ 22-3 eee 1652
mixtecana=. s2.-0-2 3 53) to eee 1649
mioreliana22 2.22522 Le ee 1652
MIviGissims = 23-2 25. ee eee 1651
obovalifolia..-=2 =~ =-2-_ 2 = eee 1653
ODSCULa. 2 -2a-n2S oS soso ase eee eee 1649
Page
Quercus ODE CAE@ Ste aon ooo ee 1651
orbiculata a, ra-= ame 0 ee ee 1652
pallescens 4 2 sesenc 8 = wien Stent Savers Bleck 1651
panduriformis#-2 et. - os oe eee eee 1649
PONINSUWIATIS == sooo eee eet eee lee 1651
END VENig =e. — eae ae eee eee 1652
penpallidaee- set —8 Se en ee 1651
MUariUS sas sees ee ee en bee 1649
DIAN POCA soe aa ee ee 1652
poculifer <a eee 1649
porphyrogenifass------ = ee 1649
MOvOSInas sce nee a, Se ee 1650
DRDO CO 2 e See 8 oes Sere eng ee ae 1651
PTAINCANA = Seen ee od er, ee 1652
DEINODSISZA=se ses Bee ae te A 1649
productipessasec-~ 2a ee 1652
DULDIUISIH3, 2: eens ek Se eel 1650
LANGUES eB ees 5 Se ee OS Rete ee Ne nee 1652
radlkoferianden <7) vrs) 2s eae 1649
TOR OTUS = oes aoe een ee es See eae Se 1649
TEVOULG 2a eae ee 1650
Thodophlebiges-.t2- 2 hey. as ee 1650
OSG ome eee nae eng) Se ee 1652
MOSCOV.GNUNOSS =o 3 2 es oes 1654
TOSSMeee ee oe ate oe ee 1653
SA CAIN GH AS soe ee ioee Sees 1651
SoeNSIS== sees es ete ee aes 1654
SCHENCK RN N= ae ste a 1651
SOD eae sees eee ee ee 1651
SelOplateers a rss EN 2 ee See 1654
SOMA la ee ee 1653
SIN ROM ON eas Se Se a a ae 1651
Simi lim pase ate ESE TR eS ee 1653
SIDUTACA SS = hts meee = - ean ee 1654
Stati ae ie eae as eee Se ee 1651
Subayenia Ss 220 5 2 ee eee 1653
St CLISNa tanassaseoe—= ee See ee > AE 1653
Subspathwatae- 25-2) =. Se ee ee eee 1649
Substenocarpa... .=--2=25 =.= eo ee 1649
SUDtrNODa a 2-9 ee a ee es 1650
SUMNER Gh CAs ae ene eae Soe ee 1653
iahuasalansds = <8 0-2 12 ees 1653
LODICAN A == aan aos owe an 1652
BORER CHUCNSIS® na 5 aoe ee ee 1653
ex COCAN A: = ae oe ee 1650
LOMAC ISOs a se ee en ee 1654
toxicodendrifolia =.=." 25-2 ee 1649
PTARSHIONtANA =" = 92 =a aoe naa ee 1649
TRIM taIS) oe a ee ee 1653
(PIG Gata oe, oy eee ance 1650
METI tbe = eee = ae an ee ee 1650
TIT Ane ee oe oa en ee eee 1652
ST CO] Ben eee ee can 1650
Veen ae see ee eee 1650
TiS) CLI ee eae Rene orece: = 1654
Tab enlh Et: eae eae OSE See ad, 1651
zempoaltepecana.-----.----------------- 1653
Quesito-..---------<----a=5-------=-=-=-===== 1674
Quijote. --- === <= soa en eee 1645
(QUIN = oo nena eee 1367, 1368
planCHieee a aan ooo eee ene a 1368
falsa...--.------------------------------- 1366
Quinina-------------------~------------------ 1595
Quinine#...----------=+-=<5--------====-==== 1349
Quinita_------------------------------------ 1368
Quinquina de Cartagena-------------------- 1368
del@umanhe sees een eee ees 1368
Page
Rabbit-brushi2:i-2+..2 a eee 1495
Rabo de: bobo:=2--.. 222... + 1644
deichong0:=2.<-3). 3-2 Ye ee 1643
de'machine. 2 00. «oo. See ee 1643
deaicos-2- 22 eS — ee 1643
de mono:22=222.4 =. 24 der = 1643
Rachieallis:<.. 2-18. eee 1352
Raéjate-luego:..... 2. 22. Ae ee ee 1413, 1417
Rama-de chivatol<= 4-2-5 === eee 1659
del zorrillos_c=: 2 en ee 1656
Ramirezella-o 2-2 .-4s.2i2heethsee See 492
Ramona: -< 222252). s2ses-2 =: 42) 1254
Ramoncillos::--2s22.22.- 2 ee 1665
Randiaz. -.---222-cssceecce 2: 2+ eee 1372
GQewlealt 22 <2 ccossscesest ye eee 1376
albonerviac=--=-=:--e2s<=-4-.. 4 oe 1375
armata .<-- 222-2 ccesesceeees be eee 1374
blepharodes= >< 2... --- 22-2. 2228 eee 1378
blepharophyllas:-2- -2:5--.--- =e 1375
CaNeSCOnS: =: 22-2 fle.-3- 2 eee 1378
Capitata <5 22 2zsveb=becése ae eee 1378
chiapenisis:.--)- eo eee 1377
CINCLOGs lsc 222242222222 2: 1375
echinecarpa:=52322:242-=-5 42s ee 1374
CaUMer == 222224 2225 2--22 eee 1378
Indita=. 332.2 2-525 1377
Jaetevirens::-< 22-2222: 2-553) ae 1377
laevigata-= 2.322 e2s2<-=252525-e eee 1374
latifolia S22 5-8 neo - Sass oe 1376
micrantht 222 2222.2-..2. ee 1377
longiloba:s22i2.:.2-.-- +2 eee 1374
malacocarpa: -=2- ==. 22-- Se a eee 1376
MeQQChrPG- 22222252222. eee 1375
Mitiss 3-222. 2225s. =e 1376
nelsoni! --:-:.:<_ == eee 1375
obcordata ss 3. .:---s+.-. 22-2 ee 1378
pringlei< 24-2)... 2 eee 1376
puUrpusii-. 2: =.=. s2.-.2e2b- eee eee 1375
Thagocsrpa-oi22 225. 322 ee 1376
TOS@l. a4 ey Liss eee 1378
Spin0s0 =n 22-3 2 eee 1374
tetracantha:..._=-2.-2--5-2ese- ase 1375
teirdmerdz == 3. s- 252 35 see e eee ee 1376
thurberls....2..-..- >... eee 1378
tomatilld.- eee a 1377
truncata:=-~- "23... eee eee -Pa 127
WGteOnNi. sc. .-.- eee ee 1375
xalapensis= Wi... pees ee 1377
Ranunculacese=- -.22.<.-22 56. 266
Rapanea=+-2_=-.-.-----22-2eeee ee 1107
Rasta la-viejas .2=-.2:< 25 see eee 1675
Raspa-guacal:: --:_.--s22c se 1324
Rathbunis-_...-.5--22-. ee 909
Rauwolfia... ....c- =.-2 <2 2a eee 1153 ;
Razoumofskya-=.=..--.s.s-ee--2-— eee 223 «—
Waginata:.. 22-2522 ce ses. Se 1655
Recadite:._-..:.--_. =e eee 1380
Recehia: =~: :..2.---.2--e 541
Reinhardtias_-=—=- 2. Ses -. Se eee 77
Retama: = 2 2s6 30 ee eee 1659
Rétamo. = 222-53 es eee 1319
Rhabdadenia.... 2 =~ - 4a eee 1160
Rhabdia_.. 5-62). ee eee 1234
Rhacomsa..: 2225-2) 240. 3 ee eee ee 680
Rhamnacesé-- =. See 710
Rhammnus 222° 2e tee ee 724
biglandulosasce. 260 oon onan eae 1673
1714
Page
Riraranus/dianthes: «-<' noe ck ee ee 1673
DON ZREZ ey ee Ee ee 1673
RANGES a oe oe Same Te 827
TH Cort eA ee 1049, 1053, 1054, 1055, 1057
PRESS see ae A a ee 1011
VAN) hit, i a oe oe Coe eee oe ee 1027
LONDON YS ets ee eh 1265
LET i ee eh eee ae 1637
RE OTOSION MUS. 3 We Dlg A 2 ee Le. 1392
PRCHOPMUYEEN E22 is Seine Sat oi oe ool 2 a He es J 668
EDL AT ID eee Mee bn nl ale oes 665
WNRCEDDAG Ue aio oo Ae 1671
Grob In CniOl 2222 222 es eat ete 1671
MD YMERANDHOras o-) 22-2 so sos a cteack ook 1048
La i ee 496, 497
MIBVRENO DNS 225 = aoa soa eke eee 1528
Ts a) a ee ee ec 313
DT OU ee Sere Sere 633
ARI SO See hee ok Se eli, 622
PID a= Soe = na BS Le 8 ee 1599
CE ee ee eee Lea 803, 805
RURDAUNE NY 8 oe 22S Be 2525 sock ete ee 541
1D) To eS ee > 838
WAP ee e-em
VeN i ete Se ee eae 265, 1656
TC) hil, a So a aan ae 475
PlATINCY (iV ae 2 = he ew es ee 1663, 1665
Wr hg ie a me eee Sect 1663
PITEMNIOCOY Ti = = <= See ne De 1663, 1665
MIGBINGSICANA =. eas 28 tn Ate eet 1663
Sel CT (0 ee Se ee 1667
FRO MINSONGN ps =~ —2 2-2. sole sie. See gee 760
Cen ntae 2b es lke Se Sok el leet 1674
BUPOTORIA 5522 hs oe eute eee ee 1674
U0G ee eee 1320, 1321, 1652
PaO obs 3 oe Es se eee 1319
DIG es ee et eS sk 1320
POIGHAGOE 922238 <i eu eS ee 2 ieee 1320
POM ARCOSbH: = = iu 2 eee See ca oe 2 leet 1655
AGG). = a a ee ee eS 1320
URECRRRENSO: LeMePRE yes 7 See oe 832
NocanEe eee. for ea a 1652
Lav a OS SSE ees 1354, 1355
LRU (CCC: __ I gest OOS ae a 5 ee 1652
eArmyU 1651
SGN S 2 Wl Bed ae es 1628
7 STS Sie Se eee eee 280
PERT TIOE TIO) Wee 2 Son ee ok i es 1614, 1615
LSD ea Oe ee ads oS Sens 1620
Tho GI Gin - ie ae ee eee ae 1353
SOO ES. eee eee 2 Te 1357
UDI eee ce See ae OE ER (me 1671
PUPS, 2. SAE Te eS ar 333
BREN) SRET Lasky is SAS he nd SS 1676
GOS ah eS eee eee 1365
ROTA a wets. Wee: = ek Be eee 1320
TDSC es ee ee LS Re ene, Se eee | 321
FRAST UG Wiens ® 02s) SN aE ES eed Beth 1481
igpesiver elt tee Ik Vee sence a Pies 570
VOSeetATiLy. 2 een! Wn AM Hagel as 321
HOSCOCACLUS antares Wi LS | a ea 1677
PROSBUINO Mey eee semen. Vie ee ree 1375
TNOCTUBY * Ree? | SERN ene Je Woes Rees 1608
Geidosycolores ees s ih) eee ee 1639
ESO EUTOC Ke ne Ne ee es 1184
TP Tid eRe APES 8 Se SE, ee eee aed 1234
LITT CON, ee een, SR 1178, 1179
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
Raulinidlla 24: 305....+-. 4 soe 1178
Rou pales. 08 to oe os 222
Roureag sis. S.-i ee Eee 345
Raber oe Le 333
Ratbiacede:< 225.32 2 ee ee 1349
Raa Duiss26 320 8 Ee ga eek 328
Redgod hes fee bee eo ee 1387
Rule family 02<- 2+. 3 2 15-52 ee 524
Ruuelhig- 23". 52 28 gn eee 5 ee 1332
Bulibarba:: see 20 2 eS ee 1319
Roumiordig® <2. 555 22 ae aed 1528
Raprechtiss-2 > 354. ses ee 249
Ruaselia. $e a a ne We Se 1308
uaacen est 6 ot eo Oe oe ke 524
Bltps mk ek a ee Se 530
Fitidolpmnse: 22. == 25-35 1183
Sabac-chs es =. ee ee eee 1366
(DE 8 eh ee Ws ok eee 58 71,72
Sablacese: 2 oo Le SS 7
Sabicos:< ss 4 22s 3k 2 Se eee 1370
Sacachithie™: 3.25.9.) 3205 ee 1593
Sacatechichi. 525.23 -2--5.. 5 ee 1593
Sestinteé oS 55 2S = eheee ee 1346
Succopledus..—— se 532k eee 1330
Sapelorie ss. 38 p52 5 soe oe ee 1306
Giteprly 22 556 ee a oe Ce 1566
Saeebroshl tt 2" 40s aE 1617
Neweretine 5 se ae Ss 5 ed ees 724
Sayreed.22 se a I ee 1059, 1071
Sahaeunia. 22-53 222 oo eo 216
St: dobn's-wortIsmil ys.2 536.5 =. ee 823
sit oH eae ee eee eS See eee 1656
Silane 0228 bos 5 ea ark ye De 1365
Salitvaria’ 28 2. 3 ee eS eee 1271
Salicacesie : 2. {sto oe cee 157
Salcornit: = 2 3 eee 253
SAMI) Se oe oe Se 5a ee 160
chilensis 24-2 es) eee 1648
humbotitiana>. =.) 222.5. 2 se eee 1648
taxtiolia << 2 ee ee 1648
Saleen. ees oie se eee 1557
OngUSH OU 25s. 5 eee 1584
DHILA-Ahuera rss 3 is SS ee eee 1558
Salvia: Sees AU eee 1526, 1511
chiapensis: Sco52-s2ts Se eee 1631
CLMATIONG 3 eo ee eee 15il
Gel paissks S- e eee 1511
de playa. sso. a ee 1511
SOnaned 6.205 eee eee 395, 396
Sambucus.) eee 1394
Samo prietout 2 = 4a ee eee 1654
Samuels carnerosanas=.5 25 eee 1645
Say da ie ss eee 842
SantAndrés 22s). er = ee eee 1319
Carlos. 52a a ee ee eee 1313
Nictlas- 2 3.22. SS SS eee 1615
Pedro. 22. a eee 1319, 1641
Pedro dé cilldsee- e ee e 1314
Saneragad0-2) =: 4-. e eees 1670
Sangre! Dravolcs). 22s ee 1666
de tora Ae eee 1379
Santa Isabell: es ee ee 1510
IMPATIAS- sot). eer cea Fos ee 1444, 1510, 152)
Santo Domingo:: 2322 ee ee 1507, 164)
Sanvitalincce we ee ee eee 1526
‘Sunvitalionsis..0 So ee 1527
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 1715
Page Page
ROAD ING Seem ere ota eke ear i ae 108-\) Senecioicedrospnsiss-==s245 =) seas ae aan 1624
SEN OY RDU NTT Ce oe haps Dir ea ee rah Si 651 chapalensis2 4. 2k ee 1632
Ipiloculare cet se oe 1670 chenopodicides 225225. sar aie 1636
pedicellat ume ee ae ean 1671 chicarrensis 9852522... 1633
SOIC Ou Ee ee epee aie craeme Th 2 att! 1675 Chrismarti<. o~* =. ae) ee ee 1630
SAD Oban ee es Ske SO Pk Ce eed 1119 Chrystctigese 22 = ons awd os 1626
Sra OLACO AOS Age tu 78 koto, Pash 1113 cinerarioidés= 22 sso 1626
Papovedamily ues se Shs ra eee 1113 cobanensis *) ia 15s eg 1634
BS ERE ATIUEAUIS Sisk heeds Sot 278 confusus!s02 55 _ So laut | 2a ee 1635
DSIRE COSTCT NG a oe oes oo ee Ue 1170, 1173 convolouloides ==. 3 5 a ee 1635
MS ARCUAILLO Wee athe aint nA So Eas 1319 COndifolius 2 eo tee 1635
MISEPOn tates sae ke ee ie al ee 525 COrdOVensis: 82"4s — >" Fine eee 1631
STCAGS PAE OULU TY eee eee oe set BS AE a DE 292, 1656 Cristobalensis!=-!o._2sls.. 2 > eae 1631
SSO ets Soe ee Sa ee ee ae ea 1506 ep Peans =: == seat ee 1626
SEIN) ee eae ee ee ee ee eA 1395 dichiophy lis == 2 aaa ae ee 1629
ADVAN] mss Sees ee SE a 1319 douglasticu. toes ni 52 1625
SM TO ULL toe 2 eee bs kegs eS 1417 ehrenbergianus! #2 ss 552.5 eae nae 1630
PICU TM en a eect RES 814 eriophyllus: >a eee 1629
BS EVOL ee ole eh ns ro, tay) lta nt EE ead 1400 filifolius=-2¢ 22 ees See 1625
NIEHIPARIEDY 09's = ee ee a a 5 5 NS a 684 flaccidus’-: 2223 2 ee Oe eee 1625
DA CLRACIPOTI A= Sve a) sl pe SOS fae ee 682 ghiesbreghtii= = 3 a eee 1633
UTLeTI OT Oe 2 RRs Ses 1671 Pilgil- S20 2 ee eee 1633
WAS AC BT ne oo a aah tie ae Des 1671 grahamin se Oe eee 1627
MECEMOS eet SS ws a Aa eee 236 Prandifolinus! = 2233 eee 1633
BSMNOALEN AD == sh a Nae, San FS a 1340 Qlabrior=- =a 4 Be epee eh, 1627
ICID LATA Wateear ko wes oo nr Ti Bn 150 hartwecti. eS eS eee 1628
SIG ONES A ee ee ee eee. aw 661 hederacfolius:: 2 ee eee 1630
SD TUNEL ee Sepia oe eer eae Fe 669 hederoides: 2 eS Se 1630
RCP AUR LE VE ceed St ee nae 704 helices 1626
RI CHOOD LA as eee 2) aw re SG Eee 238 hirsuticaulis:2 32 eee 1628
RS CHIWIACK ROR S42 eee oh inn 2 oar ee ee 1052 hey POMALACUS see ee ee 1630
RSCHWVCLO ROR aerate ee a ee 838 jaliscanus:s2.- eo ee ee 1628
BS GLENO Open a ic cote ee ae Sh eee 1252 kermesinus see 1635
I CEOMNUIAPIACCROL sss Y= S22 eee 1304 lang lassel. = aes 1630
SCUUCL AL ns aes 2 eS aN Se eee 1681 lanicauliss’ = 38) eee 1629
SARC TNE Ee ee Se ee Re a cag ee Se 648 lemmoni a eee 1624
SEED C4 He a eee oe el eRe ee Me ed eee 1165 liebmannii: os eee 1634
MOCUEIGAC Res Sates Sa Ss eee 593 lindenit-22 = eee 1626
GIVErSiLOlias ss ecn tne woe ss a eee 1668 longilobus: 2 2 ee Se 1625
SECULINCLACEDENSIS— = a 1670 lyon Se eee ee 1624
Siliins 5 Dee A ee 307 MACTODOLEYS =o ee - 1631
CRIT ANC seen on hes) Rowe eee 1443 Murine. eee eee 1626
RI CLETH COROUS tte ce ees ee 2 eee ee 913 OaXacanus: ~.-- = eee 1630
ICIS EIR meee et ee ee ee 1677 Orcutiitic se eee --- 1633
RO PLEN (eran eet er te ey See 783 © palmeri ts pete lS Ni aa ee ae ee ee sper
SALE OLLUIEILUS © te ea ee at eee 1665 para siticus Ree nig ee a hae SS
SelimOCarpUShs sae a2 Seno eee ees 262 petasitis Say ._- a aie eee ee ena Ce a
RSet Oe re sere ee ee wee Se ee eens 1484 DI CTICIS rs =e ee Oe ee ee bee
GRO T GSE OP eo SE A teen See ieee 1603 Dla teri O LUIS es cee eee ee ares we
A Seva (eve (0 bale Whey ee a ee ee 1075 DISC CO Ks brane ete eee oa i
Gonos es ee ee ee 1413 PIOCUIN DENS is— a = eee ee ne
PR eTIECiO eats sete eerie te sae oo ee Se 1621 PUL US S22 =p aaa "ee pee
BOTT OLLUS Hee ae eet ee ee 1629, 1631 regiomontanus - - ------------------------- vent
SSIDONCEVIUS 25-2 2 oe oe eee eee 1629 reticulatus usa oe 38 Age . deen ae:
BliONUS ee oe es ee eens 1630 TODINSONISNUS = ee = oe ees a
BLVAraZeNsisa= = sen 1625 roldana Poe at ES a ee a:
SANIGTiCUR Te ee ee oe ee ee ee are 1634 salignus Pipe. See | ae ee a
anpalifolias..2 220 = 23. Soho 1631 BATLORN nan a ae ae i6oy
AWISOPHYNUS se =e ee ee en 1630 schaffneri.. Ree ae Se OR eS ce
Sree hy SES SA eee Soe ase aoe 1626 schumannianus a ae ee a
~ASCchenDORMIanS 5 een eee eee 1628 seemannii Boe. ee BS! ee oe Sa a
PLTILLOT St ee eS TE es 1627 standleyi ae wana entanennnnsannncasnne i
barba-johannis_____...------ Weare oe ec 1627 Stoechadiformis-c-o*- seat e_2--eesee=nee- eg
Den LOIWMeNt ace cise ee eels 1635 sublobatus gear LO Se A ee ee ee a
INnachy ant Aussies eee 1632 subverticillatus ae. < Sell Se ee = si
CAICATITS (8 ee ee ee ee oe 1626 eVs1 00 pc} eae ee SS, Pe en i
FUT TICEOTIS 1S Sees ee eee 1625 uspantanensis. -_------------------------
1716
Page
BENBCIO‘VOlALUS=- =~ 2_c.<-2-as—cehuee eee ee 1635
ELMO 8 ee es are ee wa ee eee 1627
CVI Cre be ae ae ee ee 400
BIRICECS seein ee ee ee eer 523
MCTCOOT DIS see a. ee See 1345, 1346, 1347
RPRICOLNOCH A= 75a ane 63 eee ee 323
IGT DUTITD Sil aa ne he eer aes aS 692
UG One El eS eee aes ee 1672
Paine a (7s Ce ee ee eee ee 1672
FIT CRHICH Ate oe ee 1672
ITT ae al Se ee eee eee 621
SUSU tp iia, * ie lean se aR a Se 476, 1663, 1664
STUIGUE UU Ce ee ee ee ae ee 305
CLE aN SNE LEE SS eee Sie Sie Tem tt 1341
TES G2 eS Se ee Se ee ee 1486
SID IOLSS Dk es Silpths S i SN eae hae Se das ee a 1395
SUT: QTLs 2 Da 2 2S Ep ee eRe See ee 1658
STOPS 2 i EE SN ER ee ees oe MS 732
iin ener eae ee Wey ee 761
TE TaD IS ET 8 ais SCRE PRR 1495
CI MTEMEEEHIR ero = > eek ee carey Se ag ee 396
TG cy elf fi Saas SI Se ae aes 1122
(TOMI Te 2a aie AS pa RS A ae eee 325
SUSY ROA ase, SAR eee See Owe 1361
CET eee USL. _ See ee eee 1511
Ralph arvorescevtss..._- =... _------ > ~~ 1583
PITTED RS AS SE Eee SR 538
SIDES P77 ta ee ee ie i a eee 540
RLEPINODAD ome en ee 538
(UEPUAN S| tS | Le a Pe 538
BMSTERICUA ER eae a Meee see OS Ss ee 1594
CUTEST PUTT 2k ie oD ae ey 654
LEU: ee F< Se eee SES 1671
GUTIERININ = oo ot one se SS) ee es 1671
ECEUCT | sel eeu ee Ss | 1594
OUTRTILS (f S le ae | See 1619, 1620
TLE cl eS ae ene ee 1531
MUTANS GES. Coat ae ee a ees ake 1531
OTe. ns eS a eee oe 285
MIE NGRS = =. Se Se oe. 2 2s ae 1401
SU SUR ETRS |. = a oe ee oe ea 1386
SUPPLE, (Ta (SS gE Se Oe eS 1348
SHS 1: DSR at eee ee a= 1654
Reniritiars © Seeose coe re at Se Pay fe es 1380
Sapa: 3 oe See aoe eee 734
Raefaadrivalvis.2.. 0" 20 Se 1673
RTE LC CD STS Sy ao er ee 101
Se a eet eee a ae 101
Ut 22. Se ee eet eee 101
PEGI N ODOR SS anaes ee ane Se 1645
“yd care tae. 3 SEE eee eee nee See 1645
STL a. SS es ee nS 664
Slit ae. | a eee 1486
NGaanoney talmilyee : - 222220 8 691
SPEDE Tea BR, RS eee te alae eee Se 1277
SST) Lp 71 a ES 5 Sa. EE yee sa 1284
SULT) de Se re eee 1365
SCPC ne a=. Sas! CS ee ees ee 1289
TRV oe a a | “Te a 1681
SHAT eee ee SE ae 1328
CSAP OTT TD Gy TT ee I, CR cece 1490
CMTE RL Ch Yee Sey ee eb? SOR 1485
TES Oe mle = Se, RE ee eee 1595
SUSE = eee ee, SS eee ae 974
RMSEATTI Chaat soo ot eo ee = See eee 1369
RSET semen 2 8 ee 435
ROMETLOSAL= yee seme a 1660
\
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
ISOKOCEG> 2. =o Sa == ek ee 205-
Sotoleecee 202 2 oo RL. eal eee 1645-
Sour bush. «... 5.222922 2k 1511
Senroubea:2: 2-4 2223.2 eee 820:
Sparattanthelium 2-2-4 2 eS ee 1656.
SDOSCGNODNON US se oe a 1421
DOTUIVENG <2 aon a ee Se 1052"
Sphacele:< > -<-- 22.5.2 St 1276
Sphaeralesa: =~ 2. 2... =k. ee 767
wpilansies crocat@ =. <2. a ee 1576
BPW eg 2s oe ke? a ee 322°
SPIiTOslAChys 8 he 253
Spivosipls< <->... 22h eke 233:
SPORGIaS: fs ~ Wooo 656:
Digheihs 23 S85 ee ee 1671
mom bin) 2. = 2 4-2 fe eee 1671
PUrplires 2 << - 32 6 2 Se 1671
Spree familly. - 2s oso ee ee 595.
SI DROT0C S — 5 = 3 32 ee 80°
Diachylarphelien <2 es 1242, 1243
UPD NEN os es a 1071, 1073.
Staph yled. 22222 a Pe ee 687
RRA CUS. 3 oie SS ee eee 528
MEOGNOCUNDUS 225 Ss oss oe ee ae 1228.
Sresnosperiia . 2 275852252 = Sah Sse 263, 1656:
Btelmsgonum 2422-2 $2232 2ehe2- 5. 3 Sas 1194
Riarnmaad enigic=. <= 52325 saa 5 Se eee 1155:
ORY CUB is = 8 oe ls ere ST see SS 1680:
Stenanthium 22. :>=:=- 222225228 e252 5- eee 1362
BLBTIOCET EUS. oo 2 ee he ee 899:
EGON 2 5 2 2s =o ee 2 See ee 506, 1319
LENNON ONNEN 02 < <5 o5- 5 ceee soae eee 1232:
Blenotopstes <3. 2 tenes sc2ee eee 1489:
PANIOVUR. 2 Secs Shee ee ea ee 1489:
Srephunostachys:.. 255222225 - Sess se aeons 79
Shercttiesa. 225 -~ 14 ee Oa ee 795
Steanciliaceae. 22222 oe ea... See ee 794
Stevier. 2 > 2s. 2 ee eee 1424
angustijolia= 2..4.22--v2t2 = 52 1427
peérlandioert...< 222-2 =e ha ae 1426.
CollodéS:2=2=2+=2ee 2s ee ee 1427
Connate-. 2252.65 Sees 2 1428.
Gictyophy Wa 4-9-5: 8 eet ee 1426
@lliptics =.) est. oes I eo ae 1429
flourensloidés. 2222 eae ee see 1429
POU08G! so ee eee eee 1427
Gland alosisce2e 2 She aed 1425:
QUITINOEG COTECONA: = 2222252222 1428
grandidentata= -.<-2-- > = ee 1428
haenkeana<. = 2220 he ee ee 1429.
integra; --csic- 2a ee ee 1429
lucida: 2-232: ee 1428
MAGTENSIS. 25-4 eee 1426
micrachaetas-j.cosscehes 262 oe ee 1428
FlCRVOSA=o- = se eee eee a ee eee 1426
Titida.—) ne eee eee ee 1427
OGECCUN Gee ee ee 1428
phiehophylas= ee 1427
pyrolactolia-:s2)-- 2-22 _ eee 1428
revolute =... eee 1425
Salicifolia... + ee 1427
Scabrellas- 2s... 1429
Séleriana.= 2. so ee 1428
stenophyla 2 Ss eee 1427
subpubescens! = 5. 2 oe a eee 1426
tephrophylla. 2. oe. 2 eee 1425
WOTIOS HS oe sn et ee 1427
WArniGOSa.- ws. 2 eo ee 1429
STANDLEY—TREES AND SHRUBS OF MEXICO 17 Ll?
Page
MIULSINADN VOT wae uheew. swan obeecwaee As). LeDe VOTGUGn tA ww sew hasdaseadetweekeaaanen on
LLL TL epee, Loe tes ate RA es Me lek G08.) “TADS DATYATOO. c.dewssnbuesduscdsactulecaten = OUT
OU Glia t akas adele Sess twee seit seeks G52') LEPEOUl Oss. an aWawdwendwkeecddudecsbdediunane 1871
MPLOplotrachelisicw..ieasseswaunwewlceccces ve GOH) MUS AC paw ae wie a morn tana areal ee dare net 658
WOLLODIOTACIUSK< iss sehen Aw obececeeeioe cee L900) ||| “LUPOGONIEN Gas newenas kn aww ld deweaweeeeeaeee 1391
WTLOMVOCACHUS nets. eww ws xe/wiws vacate nee RHEE | A EE OTTEVN Or wai ale's ho le er wt gr tice 821
UOT DOCON DO wnteiuwacuwanueuwessueubscecedees OU |) RAV CUS ia sedis w ain wiiweala wauuauie aeeree 631
DUTOMID Hy eit besk wae w aoe wv uaewewee nee 2E97'"||. SESE OER da sc cl ocste ev aol else 1656
SUPOCNANTNG nen WeoweesbeveduasascoeWeces BOL '| SM OMCAUO Mi vd uli ndelad dylan twa duladdde cadena 1644
MBOnKCANUS ic Lixicssccesesasecucuset tess LOUD: '1' "LO UO saph/wlilv Pas do olive asin Du ahaidle duke ana 1319
Qercicdlasscssetvasdcccsvesdsesesawscecae LOBO:||\ “TAtGlGDON Os vara cilsnduslswaes's deducddaewawenee 1484
MUU CUMIDOAD Niaz cis toace we awtsalesicedsonete 200 i) USUOTUAM was Bea asda rwwiod ook wee Wane nei 1620
RUT CUNOS ac cctwsusise sie wasesswencwathw owes 1142 | Vatasoamite blane0.i.1..ssssdecaccccnssewsns 1h35
MUVIOS VOL astcacdenidenssvass dabsaverchees de 1108 || Datascamit0secsces ase dawadewtuieeeeateeee 1555
iy lOSPUOMAtws sabe atscreesalswedsobeasewwb oe 1608 «|| “UAXACOAG ick vck aod owke ed onaewaebuaseeere ~ 50
GU SUD JEP Aet COTES ETE ETET ES TERTET CEE PREC EP 600 .|) TaeOGiiMe it tochanoabonios ans ueaaieeeeeee 60
MUVUACACCAGiossisabscactesvetesseelesweoes T12))'|, ‘UALS tesivuceant sbadhaehes sacks eee 50
QS la Gessee dacs sven teerssedies tines nce reecee VI29) || ROG fame yi ass sanwdaanakee daw eee nee 821
AL QCilClelss -Syarsecdises deadstosiwiedaca 1679 | Tecoma. ....-- escbdsddundasinnsedestalanete 1318
LTA 8 eee es epee CP eEP EPP ECT PT ORE Peer 254 CHT YSOMINE «aac GuindaduareaWaaaionbaneeae 1821
Suiclds/ con stielda...-..csscsssceeces 1386, 1446, 1676 ) UACAies vob akan ds wenanaseaeeuyo ane 1320
Sythe ye ee) er ye eee rere eer rr 1398 LEUCOSY ON 2 abeondarakuskesaeaekingebonen 1320
WOMUOW Clase suse dds d ss aeroes vier iedadeeaee 1546 MONON «a ssaudadukuuseaeawhaakbesiatan 1321
SUCUUIAY Aiiaite Aa es Se epeber Sau see 1413, 1510 DUM dinvecdbocruniaanasnanuaaeeeseee 1921
Poe EP ee PPR ey Pe? Per Oe Pp 1417 DOM Na nawedaduazeeeduaaeeuanenssde 1320
SMUINAT Vee weossarssecscaresscses¥sice 1413, 1511 DU cctadusownndwaden iwkdewidaaaeede 1322
SUEIAU A epeee Ores 5228500 5439225532500522242 DOS: || LOCUIMMTIOL siraccdasuhendvaiecaehwwiwanmeanee 1313
NANO Od baob satin siweeebarierieweees a TOG4: || "TOCOMAGC en cassoceekdderdewereewibaweniens 1324
EMAL ASi = te dbdv db sacicssiiedvacsseseas 435/258 ||| WOCOMMN so iendszsdsessedeaenabededewen some 1324
GWOClin Ratiee ee sess tebsdsdsasdeeetehouee 434 | Telecate blanco......-..2..c0s0eseeee at setae 1533
BWGCtleaU (AMY :c25i53257febsetsdsocnseatouee LID |. ‘DOMUDIMING. 5410 taeasabbab bed tenrisbeadasdae 1659
MS WiCLOIN-..acS sivearex seseeeseuecdanan law a UBOS: | TVOUCHANCEO snccsssacheuweedenuabdaadmadadaan 1668
SIM Sosa Si9bI2 sks c4 ooaeks Sheed bow eked L665 | DOS in 5s swawawsuanadssbawnaliahaness rane 1644
sigetyysi tpg ing Wa. Bee po Piy py oe Peed PEELS EEL OE 1308. | D6OMietl: .sacsadedtivbaakadd sdadwhiadad waa dae 1646
SVU PIOCNCCAS sav se adsGodscekiasantadtenebaya 1120 | TVepehtiatate si cccwsessazarosdansabandebanke 1656
Poy gity Cay ee SRA os Dot ee PPE EP EP PPLE PEEL 1180 | LODN OG .cedsewsasavaruaeaessoustanakatan 471,475
SUNCOM cco sebsssinoded soalb desde news 87 QU sii dbhandedubnakibobaiee peatbieDes 1664
BVlM Gries osbsiensbaiadbltstidacdwasanede 1132 WVU seasssaaddaasasctezgnasaaanaaune 1663
TAWACMIISS Sa ax oe aes te Sed sell desea seedless 1660 WUCHNEIO GONG. cd veascrdandesaadidendewe 1663
"PAVACOMME ara aid diss Jia Joke rad ds adaoedsanabse 1558 DUMND 0 i cians dedtunecackdowhadnanneuas 1663
A Ge es PEE PEP PPP Pees OP Pere 1418 WNODa Ss ictansuudddanawedgudddenanaanein 1663
DY Lin iy Sy ne OP EPP PPEPPPEPEPPPL EE EPP 1043 | Tépopote..ccecsesansacuazesezdswansadaas 1503, 1506
WAVeWUaeatasisdsesicelriiisetcadeeeWrads = 1320 | Tepopotl.......csscccecnnsusansassasdnas 1503, 1506
‘PANG tIACINOUIAND 52525555 dosi enn Veetocereas 1154 | Terclopelo:cseccassovasssrassosnassenaabasagan 1673
PANDO S te ares s ots ated dias aiwsoenweraee 1607 |) TAQIUNING. cccendassditbsesssssazaduaseede 5A, 562
RACUO Sti vesvasavudbabwaweddassadidaswedaand 1319 | Terminalia. .0cscccodiasdsasesesessanscazaone 1029
WAGON O Vez savccccastdtescetssdecseenawanes 1670 | TernetroOe 2c nsadsosaasasssesssassassacase 822
MAO) 2 asses dsdowidssedacncnddddddasewoannne 1446 | TOSGPAClO.. ccccnsssesasssasesssesacecsasacce 1635
PANG sods peescctenaseadadae 1535, 1563, 1595, 1655 VQ. ncudaasdnedisdvdasseddadaassasecnane 1510
PIRAAUO Jicd2ss es dose da deea dad salen eas 1928 | Testudinayld. .ccccsisssasacccsssasssearae 144, 1646
OG UOE Pais s ebadscadssPissaadasaaie 1864 | Ttracera... cccscssascccdssasssescssasasaane 818
SPACOU siete Soe sande aw esedaswbderds tanta V417 | THPANGYTON sencsccasasscssasenssssacsasassie 1596
VEPUOHNCHVING . 32fdeasascssedacedsantadinanse 833 | Tetracoccus.......-.------ sdendeadetobenan 007
Tagetes aristatd...-2.222222-2ncennanaseee0ss 1609 | Tetrady Mid. .....2222222422000042 aistchipedaen 1620
Tagualaishte......-----------0---20se-s-2000 1319 | Teraniherd. ca cacsenessscaassensssezosacnas 237, BS
VOY 2 -sscccsseeedatesdacdoadasscsadacae 1657 | Tetrapteris...-- jidqdddasteatacdeas ceasavuda 671
VAAN - 2 Sacerseg So tht eas da nel eds o 275 MOSICANA . oc scccsssessesssarsscessassases 1668
Valinopels..222-222-secsccceresesseeesanesss 266 | Tezacpatll..222222-sesnesscesaacasesscessess 1635
Salislb= | os asocdatasaadtiesdesaaanotinnone 708 | Tezcapatl...22.02cccsseswserssesasassaseaes 1635
Walistil0....csscecscccaatesdssvcsrnarsanasan 1667 | Thatinosimia.....222222sccsssccosssascesssecs 530
Tamaguas._.-------+------2-22-2--22-200000" 1446 | Theacené..2..2.222seccccsesesssssesesreseee 821
Tamarindus.....---------n22s2esseeseoo=-228 411 | Thelesperma.....2...-42220se-esseseessesnnae 1
Tamarisk family --..-.------ssecess-0-e= $28 | Thelocactus.....2226.2ssscsscsscsssescsseses WA
Vaintatik 6 osooo 5225s cco ces sessseccsassceeese $28 | Thenardia.......22..222-ssssensessssssessese 118
PANNE 2 iso cocactes Jadzatonadsadasaaseiaes 1236 | Theobroms.....cccccscccscccnsdvoessssssezas 805
Tananini___-.---2- 22sec eer n cer esecesceesen= 1521 | Theophrastacene......-- whaweienendwten! ae
1718
Page
SOTO CLS ee a Ot ee 1151
STAD CANES eo Fe kh Deny Wh ea a 1103
"BH GUitb Se a a ek ee 704
(POU THM! Pee ke on ose ee 708
decan drum 3. 2 oo a 1672
BTISERNIG iad Se ch hs St, Ol eee 1672
ELT, (ae ana ea ee ep eee eee re = 1672
“LM ttrhe}s>, eked Sepa es ene oer e aM He WNT TR 71
AN Stays Ui Ree eae ee SO eee eee 568
STADE PV te oe ee I a eh al aS Se 785
GT CUTE go ee ee SE Ee ee Re eee ae ee 1196
RIEU ETICT RE CORG 1 Ay ete by) Fo) Oe Ee 1012
PUN EO DUC ne 1609, 1610
RUT SOLCIUTIR LS at ra fen 1339
ORO Ghee aE gS 2 Se ee ee eae ore cee Rat ee 1671
TOC res Rats kde Seep ed bk Ae 1053
ee ee See ae oe 735
TAIRA tot IRL Boe 28 One od ok SR es 734
TTC UGS <= here eee kee eee 1371
JESS Se ee Oe ee ee See eee eee 1346
MPa) eh ee ee ee 1376
TCs Se ee eee eee 1566
ASNT RUT eee Sa ee SES ee eee oe 1540
RUTITUIRT OO ee 89 ee ES Rel he 1542
HODPOTAOIRUS sa = 2 ee eee 1681
ACIUET TAN he oe BOS Les eS ee eee 1681
TUTTLE = So ee a oe ee See 599
EM ESPCTT Te) os SE eee ee eee 1643
TBCOS Cini tie 28 = See oe a oe 1362
MIRCGKOCHInlS = Ste 02. fos 28 ase ee 1362
UN Pera ei | ee eee eee 1397
eTHAINCHTNACOLL-.. 2 2c 2 = Sasa s e ee 1414
PSR CE) 2 Se ne en eee ye 1675
RIAs es at a ve is = A Sls em ae 1645
AUT CT eS ee eet Oa ea ela Pee 1648
ORL TET ip Ae nee ak are: oy |e a bee = 1371
ANS Te. a St Se ee eee eee ee 5 1655
lid EERE ER Dee onc 2 eto bree NA ea 1641 ©
ULES CS Fe eae eee pee ee 1641
SPECI gt. Sa oe I ee ae ee ee 433
JETTA AT (oe i ee ee ee 1377
SOS EER LACT) ns eee Ae eee ee ners on 1657
BP OUIRLEOCUIG] wots ee re ac te Se Se 1316
SET (e127 be SS Oe ee 1154
PETES eS ae Dy Se ed GS ne ee see sate > 686
BORODRER aoa eae se tee Sk ee ee gs ee 1073
RON et eS nr a ee ee Be 1563
oreo wooud familys * <<.-2 2 aE Rede: an i) ee 542
ROTO NOL Hat = eee. {As et a ee Foe 1372, 1375
LTR Fe et ER Pe ER a ee pees ete 1670
CRU as oe = eae Aad pee NAR Ee 2 el SOG 260
Det lni OF 2A & Sa ae = |e ie ee eee es ee ee ee 1324
PTH LOS 0S ae es eee see oe eee 433
"Sits 0) (>, pee Sees Se oP ees ee 1660
PREUEECIOTAL tee en BAe eee ee 1229
Moxichee cimarronss. 25650 ese ks 2 1471
PIED TR CUIRE TET OTE oe ao ates OOS EEL 667, 668
OTA DNOM. 2282 tek PS eo Len Bh See 530
PAO ROV NUDED 2 2 Ue 5A, ene AS ar Se Nas Se ee 202
Tir CCHElOS PEN NVIUTee <= es ee es Pe 1165
PEAT eee eS a Eee th Se Rk 624
PRT ee-fern tary ce. eh Se oe ie ie eee 38
4 ly gelt ats itd © 2 eee ee Oe pues REESE ee eee We 199
FETICORIMA ere.) 2 balsas ai faethe ete ae 680
TteChUsteTODRYMUNG nse ee oe eee 833
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
richie 2.2 Se oe as ea SO eg ee 554
havanensiss. 2.2. 2t< es Uo eee 1668
hirta << see 2-3 oe ek ee 1668
EP TUCHO POM 2. co sch he eS 453.
7Drichosacme.< 2.2. ee ON ea 1182
Trichosovus 2222020 Tae ee 44
7briehostelma 223 2-12 ee 1194
Trachostema.>.2- 2. 93 seo ee 1272:
Drichosterigme 22-2 2 601
‘Trichostigmsa.. === 124 ee 265
Wpidars 2027S be os So ee ae 1597
(BriGHMGNIS.. 52 5-2 ok ee ote Lee 279
DRG REG: = ee Se oe 280:
TREAT i th eo 2s 1538
IGA ON 22 us 26 Sian ee ee he 1393.
riglena = 2-2-2242 ee oe ee 1058:
TraOntev is! 2 2 ox ss 571
‘Tripas dewzopilote. cies 52: 2-222 =e 1647, 1673
Traplaris 2302.2: 32s bees ce nee eee 248
Tristywm..- =< 2-5. lslesse8 (eb ee 823.
PURO wee > 252 8 seers 2 73.
‘Trhumiette 22: 22 RSS ee eee 741
gigieas- 2 232222 e oe eee 1674
METICONG 525.28 == Yh 1673
Banclas-lMCise <a See 1674
tigrina::.. .- 2023. eet Eee 1674
Byikis ee eee i ee 1637
Trompeta f325. 2 aa ee ee eee 1319
"Brompetilins:- -notc ess cs Be 1319, 1346, 1362
grande! S200) oe es oe a eres 1316
"Prompilo.22s=~ 3222 2553222 ose eee 1673
"TrOmplto-. == 35538 zee es ee 1372
TROMp0 02-52 = hoes Hews ee Se 1372, 1657
Pons Ore 2223 Sate = 5 See el ae 1319, 1334, 1660
‘Tronadora.:25-225226222-2= 22-2 eee 1319
‘Trophis ss 22-25. 3324. oe eee 204
"Pyrieha 2 S23 ee tS ieulbe dos at ae eee 1658, 1669
Trumpet-flower 2: 224 2224. 23 eS ee 1319
‘Tteatehit. =... 22sec a ee eee 1648
TRUSSES 22a oe eee oe ee eee 1417
POGte. 2 ooo oe S285 oc csessssee ae seeoea 1413, 1414
Ten “verde... 2225322522 255s ee 1641
TRE ASCU 2243 eof eke o2 ee 1319
THIN OTIEN G2 os Be 3 tas Sa on 2 She oe 1491
Tarbinsee 2222225225522 = eee ee 1208, 1680
*Batsiera 252220222 o soe ee 847
THEpIMias - 2242252 = 85 $22 eae ee 688
Ty Mpananines enh 2 oo ae a eee 1183
Til 2 Ba a Se oie ae eee 632
Takt7. 232-22 2228 sas SS oases eee 1645
TeiGin: te to ae oe ae ee ee ee 1593.
MP giant et 2 SS 2s 3 a ee ee 1643.
"rim 2: 2 22 ce Se 250 oh oe eee 1645
Tainkiups S25 5255350 a 25 a 1643
Tyinuapk =. 22.232 -00 2 soso eee ee ee 1643
"Dyivireni.~ 22422. 2es Joi b ae eee ee 1643
Tzompanquanit]-_--_--------- s------ 1666
Of; (| ne ae eee ere ena tee 5 1039
Odea se oo ne coe eee ee 1536
Ulma cede: - =. 5 ot eee ee 198
Wms. 2.22 2 S52 ee 198
Umibellularia 2-22 =). 2523 2 eee 288.
Ufia.devato-2--- 3... =5. 52-2 = ee 1314, 1666.
Ungnadias vo eee 704
Unorigs2 See ie oes ee eee 279
Page
Wrechites® let ea. = aeaeuayhsn hai wa 1161
Urera 32832 SS eee ee ee 218
CarACasana loos seas sone 5 ee a 1654
Urostephanus eee sete oe Ss Seet 7. eae 1193
Urostigma ene eta eee = I 209, 213
Urtica mnt Taare ee Aa ae 2 eet 219
Winhica cones 32cm aa ee eA 218
AUINUICASETUM 4o-s-= 82 eer eee 219
Gmyillba eset ee ae ea i ne 699
Tin Coa see BS ASO ee eelten 1672
EOE ee eee een Senne 1368, 1380
MaeciniacenaN 28 28. Ee 1101
MS eCcInininimce ees aye ioe Ae ae 1101
CAAT Sok BOSE ee SO Die ceeee nee 378
BVIAeTIANIONdeS co eee 8 ee ah Re aie 1242
VL SSTS = = ae, sO eee Se 1150
Weraublan@as2 =<) =... 2... =. 1448, 1543, 1581, 1669
Gotcamin ee Se eae ey eee 1448
LEO CDS eee ee ee ee ere 1446
DECI Soe ee ee Ss eee aie 1657
Warejon: de caballo:-..5--=---- 2.2222. 1444
IEE TUTE OMee meee eo Sere Tei ee 443
Byes aire ea eo a NE ee 1536
VOTING oc ee in ee eee 1675
VOD). foe ee eee 1218, 1222, 1223
ERISCOMCHL EM emma he te A 2 851
etre iin eer ema oe oe 322
TATED haa = Ue See EE SP 671
GHG EPS at Se ee mere 1599
Rip ubonaccne mess seh a ene ae ee ees 1234
‘TRAD TIE SE oe ee ee eee eee 1572
ADSCONGIGS Wo = 52a one st ose 1584
acapulcensis-——-=5. 5. .=22-255-5s--2d sae 1580
BLE TILOUL Os ae oe ns ee sea ee ee ps 1582
AM OUSH Ola 6 ==5-Joaen ss sae esa eae eeS 1584
WNDOTCSCONS= = 22 =< 5-255 53 522-525 sosese= 1583
auIniCwa tas =< 5-2-5 ese ee 1580
COMO OG 22 =" = 22 ao eae esses 1567
CHIAPeNSISe 22 == 2-223 252-525-222 saa 1582
Ghihnahnensis:—— =_--=-2-s-22s=22ccee eee 1577
CINICLASCODS hee soe laos ase na one 1583
enalinilGnsisee sae es eee ee ee 1578
CD IUZOLACS Hees oe ee ee ee ee 1581
(GEES ee eae ea 1583
CL OCT GA ee ae a a a eee 1576
yn Ip Alen eee ean nen ee ae 1584
CUTIES a ee ee ee 1586
CLUS Mice ee ees 1577
EOS ee eg 1577
WAGHI DIAL Ae een ne a 1585
ILE CUS sere a a 1566
gigantoides-.-.-----.-------------------- 1586
STACIIPOS_- 2-22 === so — soe a 1579
Tey ee et ee ne ee ee eee 1582
greenmani------------------------------- 1585
MASE Ab Hee ete oan ae ean ea 1578
Gtr O DAY We 1576
hypargyrea__---------------------------- 1583
hypoglauca..---------------------------- 1579
hypoleuca ------------------------------- 1578
WSC] dees ae a ae a a 1586
AMT ENMNISSA ses aa a ee 1578
Rd afitiie t2 Sates ones ea eee nee e eee ean 1576
langlassei__-------------------+---------- 1576
leptochaeta-__---------------------------- 1577
MG@DMIATIN se ne a a eee ee nn 1579
AISA ee oe eee oe eae a ea 1582
Microcephala@_..------.-----==---------=== 1585
57020—26——27
Page
WVerbesinamolinaria. == eee eee 1582
MOUS 2-82 oo Sees = 2d Oe 1580
montanojfolia =. _- >. = 2a ee 1585
Nelsonii= =. 2s. ose seed ee 1579
neriifoligie =... J at > ee 1579
nicoraguendis- 7 = 32 3a eee 1585
O@XxACAN2 A 5-28 --33 ee 1586
oliganitha==7 °..0 2.2 eee 1586
oligocephalax «2-5. Jv. Ss ee 1577
Olivacea ie <2). 6 5 ee 1583
oucophoras 3 a 3 22 ee 1581
oreopola. 252 = Ye eas 1580
ortegaes= 2-25-2052 ee 1584
otophiylla-hs2c52 sos 1580
OVAtiOlig tS) 2a ae RE es 1576
palmericcss2232 2. ee ee 1577
Parragsane.. => .- 2 =. == eee 1577
pauciflora: £22 oe ee 1586
peninsularis: 26 2 25) ee eee 1577
Dersicifolig.-=._<) "<8. ee 1583
DPerymenioidess-=-=2- Se ee 1584
petrophila_-—----- = 1579
pinnatifidd.:..20-..!-2 Se 1585
potosina...- a.) b e 1580
pringlel-.--.. -.-.-2 es Se 1581
Pesinose- = 256. ee 1582
robinsonit=_ 22... 20 5 ee 1582
salicifolias—- ee ee ee 1581
S0rtorii-cs 42 = i Se ee 1586
SCONMENS ¢ ==. ie Eee 1558
seemannil —- 2.'-5 Soh = es 1584
SOniCER 32-8 FT St ee eas 1580
Sértata: 255 -2= i = a eee 1581
Smithite 552-2 ke 1584
Sororia::..55:5°_ 2-2 eee 1578
sphserocephiala_.. .- 2. => 232 eee 1576
Sublobatas-=--2" 2s ee ee ee 1585
Sylvicola.- ee eee 1569
trilobata{ 2 5-=. 2. ee ee ae 1585
triplineryiae.~ = 3s) 4 2 ee 1586
Turbacensis.2-~ 3s . eee 1585
VOTIAUIS 2 2 Se eS a eee 1579
VENO8O = ae oe Se ee 1578
verbascifoling =. A SS = ee 1585
Virgates 2 i<-26o. ee eee 1581
xanthochlora: <0 22 eee 1580
Werdecillo: 2-s sta o Ss Sees i pie ee 1321
Werno nig eee 2 es ee eee 1410
elameni® = 222 2 ee a 1412
arctloldes:.<2- 223... 5 2 eee 1412
andrieucics ee ee ee 1619
andromachioides = = = pea eee 1619
arintiferais<oo. ee soa es 1415
aschenbDormians..... =>. < ee a ere 1413
harbinervis. ==. 2-css22csoeet soe 1417
Gallilepis).. 2 c-3 5 22 ee eee 1412
CANPSCODS oon onc ccnick oamraeaiees ee ieseeaiaee 1414
capreacioliac...:- = 2-5-2 see ees 1414
ChaCOlONO ao oie Sec sac oeee 1417
a (3) 0} oct: Nu: ee eS ee ee eee 1413
dictyophlbbias +. <2 seen 1413
Gimetae ss. ee eee 1417
CGUPANGENSIS 932 = ee er en 1416
ehrenbergiana capreaefolia___......--.----- 1414
CLG 2. Soe bn e cae oe ee ee 1580
OUR Goo = ee tena whe ses a 1415
SLOGTONS =o oo es aeoces cone eee 1413
gleasoni......-..-------------------~---- 1416
1720
Page
Vernonia heydeana: 2... +. cL ee 1417
NY POlOMes= soo eS 265 -e So a 1418
karvinskiana so. es Ee 1414
ROSA RMG Se ee 1581
lANCPOIGNE 2 2 35555 nosh eee 1413
(eOMONGe tes eee 1412
leladanps Ss Sta =o Ae ee 1416
WeLOphyllgs 25 eS ee ee 1416
histroidles a3 2a 5 eee 1414
INGUOLALIS So = ss acae aS oo ae 1414
Rees se os So 1417
WMIGlANIOCALDA—. 325 LS hc ee 1416
LOR UCT Fee ee 1412
MAUOSIS) sae io 22 ee sie 1415
WiOVelANAS. oo 2 os soso eas soe ee ee ee 1413
WUCLONAtA LS Whee feet ede sa sees ee 1415
MipTIN ANG. too 2 aoa ese re ee 1410
UATACHN Ae eo ere eae eee 1414
ONTOS: Stee ee ee ee 1415
GOODS os sss 35s ad eee eo ee 1417
DRUCHS eS A aot 5 A 1416
emer s 2 3 a os Sc a SR 1417
DUNIOUMNE so 25, 25 oes Sasa ee 1415
ALP 02) tl Ae ee Eee nnn eienre mee. sh, eF ls 1413
PUTNEPASCONS 5.25 5s oS eee 1418
UTED Sain as See SOR ne ee eS A 2 1414
Be PIIRNA 3 a gs Seas ee Oe 1416
SPIVANED> 53555 ogee saae eee ae 1412
Behigdeanny: fsa. saat tee eee 1413
Bipelklle.. Saeco Sse eee ES 1416
COMM CDIB Soca ee 1415
DONORS) ie 5 bd Fas cae re 1413
tarchonanthifolia_-2 322. cee 1415
LOMIDCANIA 3 380 5a So nee see 1418, 1459
TIMMAG 3S) 3e ss oe ee eee 1417
TIADSCULOG Sa css se se 1417
NUUILOT @ = Saees a sos 5 e I SS 1416
MonvalmD family asses Se | se 38 oe oe 1234
) ig 3s ne oe ea a ae ee Sy a 1398
WANOT QUANG 2 2 eo sea os2 sae seh ss sen eee 443
WOT a see 2 So Re 1395
BVNIONG Stele ee ect ee tee SEH 1659, 1660
RUNING tos SS a we Sc ES 1659
OVI RIN Gs 35. eke a ete ee I ES 1656
WIGJOSE Gace ee see ee eee EE 1655
PRONG Seer < 3 eros seo EES 493
Mipiierd<- 222 6eseL es doeecece ec 1541
Pn PUstHOlMASS Soe eC ss 1542
argrophiyles w= ee eS 1543
(DICOLG RS ee Ss es Sc eee 1546
blepiiary olepis <2 soe Ss eee Se eee 1542
DOM PV Cas ee ee a Se eee 1543
DFO Vilolia= oe in Ose eee eee 1546
CRETODOULTIO™ Fe eee 1545
LOL LO Eee ee ee ee ae et ee 1544
CLIOD OLA ee ee eee 1543
PLATO POSSE et ee re ee 1543
PROP hee oe ee ee eae 1546
NACHNA te ee eee nn ee eee 1544
Tanta eee et nee ee ee 1545
TUT ACUN ALA ae ee 1543
AICLODINV Has ee eee td rel ios 1545
ILOTE LE TOROS eee oe se ee 1528
| ta a i ee i = Se I I aE Sad 1547
OLIN ORY eer Se ae one eee 1529
DUT ARN oe oo ee ee en eee 1544
pinnstilobatas 2 8 ee 1545
Pripglel ee ee ee 1543
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
Page
Viguiera quinqueradiata...........-.--..._- 1543
SeOManRNI = 52524-5325 2 eee 1544
Sinilis. 22 ko ee Se eee 1547
SONOTHE 2 sa ek eee 1547
sphaerocephala-_--=..-.-.. 1543
SQUATT O8@ 3-2 a Ne ee 1543
stencl0bas:<+:- = SS ee eee 1545
SubinGisas.c ee eee 1544
PERNT ORES 2 esses ee eee 1547
LOMGENtOSA 32s oe SS ee 1544
Pn 6 SO ADI: Seeks os ee Eee se 1545
waluvanioides. -..-2eese- ee 1545
Winta. =e So eee eee 1157
Mincetoxicum: 32s ee 1185
edule.2.ccs 2 ee eee 1680
Win Gl0. icnt JS eee ee 1658
Wiolatedes 2 t F4_-obeees eeeeeee 837
Wiolet: family <2. 32 so Se eee 837
WOT ee eee eee 266
Vargieis.cec ec eo eee ee 435
Niktainodas-. 33S eee 524, 1667
Wistus 222 3c es eee 226-230
WISE ites ete eee 824
MItACEAG? occ c eee eee er eee 727
Wireless 2c ee ee 1120, 1121, 1122
MIDAS os sascce aes eee cee ee eee 1235
VIGISS ocx Cheek Sele ee 728.
girdianavatdcs cote eee ee 1673
Wihaditiie: 2250s. cet Ra ee 1499
VOCS... 5-220 ee eee 1668
WVOCH YR sc2c 2c cede ec eee eeeeee 1668
Wochya00sec2-c.ce2ch cece ee eee 1668
Volkameria-.-2--282 cl eee eee 1252
Walnut family:--c22c-. 4 eee 165
Walthoria - 2... deel eee 799
acaminatac2.--o2 2.32 2. Se 1675
amoericang-= 22044 -c2<e sea ee 1675
Washingtoniaes s-22- 2232.45c1 eos ee 72
filiferac....2222ti cee eee 1644
Waterleaf family --2222-- 2.5 eae 1213
Woedelin. {boca eee 1539
COVER 12222522222 ee eee 156
SUT OSE Rae) pee te Ped a ee 1540
Ssubfleriest-22 te Oo ee eee 1562
Welnmannia-. 22-2 ae ee Ss eee 316
Wenderothia.. 2 ee See 495
paler. ee eee 1666
Whtpplets 2-3 aa ee eee eee 311
White mahogany .22-42 SS eee 1321
Wipandia:s: 0} 2 eee ee eee 1213
Wilcoxia 2302 ee eee 902
Wilardia - 2 see os eee eee 483
Willougnitcy 220 ee eee 1470
Willow, desert2=-23--2 = eee 1322
familys eae ee eee 157
Wimmera = 206 See 677
Wissadule eS ae ee 756
‘Witch-bazel family=22_=_ 2+ ae 317
WithanigsS<2- Sare eeeea 1309
Witheringia 220 2 a ee eee 1303
Wotkensteiniax So eee ee 1675
Wood-sorrel faniil y= 22 eee 517
SW yethises* 27-29 2s ee eee 1531
RO Te re I ee ee 1372
Xalacatle 2 ee ee 1594
Mal-ocotl. 3. 2 eee 1645
XOUHGOM = 2 ee ee ee eee 1525
XCNINOCEDNGULN se eee 1485
we
Page
RID AGUC A Kee 2s eee i ee 1318
eX CAA K ase ae he aeons Sie el WRN ee Ah te 1374
Xcanchac-che: hoes e ce ee ee 1386
On Gch \ ay) nl ae See eee es ee ee a oe 1314
EX COL a Kee oe Be Ee eee ee GI ene. 1315
XG Cini 3 oe ae ae aaa Seales ae 1593
ERTL GEE Scene eree ae et ae dye me En FD) 1520
SCUTIO HAS Se oo Se a ee ORR ee 237
Pabvitloraiee ees eos see ee eee ee 1655
DUDESCONS ere a ees Sie a seiner eae 1655
SRITIOTIO: & Suet heat fom AS ASN imINE (od 1656
ERI ULICD so) See ah oe eta ile a Er eee T 1454
SLLZOUS. ee tas alee o ee RE NY 1648
SATA < J ARMS 2 eee oe ae Es Ot 1380
ERGATA ATA Boke Spe ce apes Se ie 1380
SXSATIIO St Se eeee 5 a ateks CONS Soe 4 aoa 1319
XRAL CUNG Ss seen Sak ee ie eee ee 1323
EXT GLOlOC = ane ae eet heey ee ne 1316
EX OUST: ere oa Cee ite cite eRe 8 en See E 1091
PXCOUGK EIU Lee meee + ote AIS, Sats J eee --. 1484
EXOXOMUSZ AE eel eee ee Ran 1418
EXO=VEM-CAP eta ae en RO ye re ee | 1393
SPEC HICIUAT Se ones mere eee sae 1376
<spechuekilee <5) 4 =e et Ag 1612
DRL Oa yee a Te ee 1444
UCHLI PALL Atlas = tee ee a ee ee 1380
SNOELINIO (lees ree ae Be 1395
XY TOCOCCIIS te ene ee ee 1097
ORSV OMAP Tam sen ere a en a 1077
<GvIOpIA soso see ee NS See 280
NWLOSTNO a RE 841, 842
BAULOSLCIETIO Sn Penne ioe aes ee 1399, 1400
SXcvIOGHODNIa ae ca a ote ee Lee 436
Sia pa=(ic nies sae ee eee 1676
Mapazeche-et. 22 ster <a eee Se) ras 1531
BYR IS aye eee te ee ae lee oe 142
YEMEN AI CN Gee ees Se cS eee eee 1376
RYELIO Weel Ol = sere ease nese ak) Oe ee ee 1319
ello w=woed= saan eek eo ee ee 1486
Wie wetaniahhyaers ste. SS ee ee 50
GONG STO (A a = ape eR i 1615
DY RES eee ts eh onl See ae Fo 1371
SVIOIOCHICHIble= sent ee Se oe ee eh 1448
YOO GENS 2 ee SR ECE eee ee i eS 1418
RY ONTAL Ge = ew ee eee eS a ee 1671
NiOUtN-a11G-Old-APe ss - 5-2 er 1526
POVOCIICH IE see erat Ae eee! eee! 1467
WAT CCD ot ee SO is So ee ea 89
AUINGTALIS |e eect: ee a a ee eee 1645
Claas eee tt ae ee eee 1645
MACrOCELDA.~ -22 22 ios Sea eae wee 1645
TNONAVOUSISH 225 2 aot ee oe ee 1645
LOrOC WIGAN a4 +e eee ree 1645
BYATIC EIMTA CLO CLO ee ee res 1484
VATU CHIC aera. = ens see = EE eee 1395
ZaCae nic his 25 4.2m ee oe nes a ee a 1593
Facate:amareo + 5_ = See We Se eo 1594
TINCLOR hea ced eee ee 1451
VATA 0 UNE BO Bays, ere ne is”, Seal nine Ree 1593
TOCA COCTIC Hts sa ene See we eS ee 1593
PANO. . pee in SS EON te SE ee by 3 Ss, eee 1566
VAN PO ae SE a es Oe ee 1368
VANS UGTA eae (Sor Be eee ee BER pie ee 1537
OP DOS ONDE ee en en = ee 1594
DUNT LOUDLO ee Ss en ets Sao 1545
VAT ists 2 ae SRY SU Re) BS eee 49
anthory lim. o. =) 5: =.) eee eee ae GOL
LOHULpOS-A2eee~ =n cs See ae ene cho,
Page
LADO ese 2 aces eee ee Re 1670
ABPOte! ss t te ee ee ee ae 1667
ZApolo= es 2k ee ee ee 1375, 1668
ZarCilo.. #: is ee ee ee ee 1401
ZAaucilo. 28 ee ee Le 1653
APUSCHNCTIB. oe Sok. © a Se eee 1076
Lara 3 Ne et ee eS oe ees 1484
Za7anaCa x. ee ho BS ee eee 1515
ZOXMONIA tS 2230S ee eS ee 1563
Tagere pater. _ ss. eee 1566
brevilolias. 222 2 eee 1568
ceanothifolig= ee eee 1567
Chinpensis2 =e 0 ce ee eee 1569
Cordifoliayt.. 2 ee eee 1567
Coslanicensis: th <8.) a ee eens 1566
ClOC8S) = So Ss 225 a 5 oe Sn ee ae 1565
GUICIS! noes te ee 5 eee 1569
elopans 22" 3 i a ee ee eee 1565
fasciculatal= 32522272 ee eee 1567
PRU CeSCONS! =~ ae ee 1566
fLUbiCOSa=.2 05 <2 es eee 1566
ghiesbreghtii--—~ = = --- ae ee 1565
gnaphalioides =) 2 eee 1568
Bracilise : t= =. ieee ae eee 1566
pradata. 25 © sae ee ee ee 1567
Ghayits ts ee 1582
TOP Sli: <= 32a ee eee 1565
imbricatas< 20. = 5822 = ee ear ae ee 1569
lantanwouas: cst soit See ee eee 1568
IGnCACHIS! suerte = 2a be ee ee 1569
lindoniis sem): 2=- ee oe ee ee 1569
macrorepliala::<2-- ae 1569
michoseanas 22 — so. 2- 5, Sl aeee ae eee 1565
microcephala= = 2 - eee ee 1567
monlocephala <2. ss eee ee 1569
Micaragiuensign] 2%. 5259.2 ee eee ee 1566
Dringlet: <2 Se ren es 1568
DUT DUR. 2 As ee ne eee 1566
VOOUSR ost 2 tae eis oe 1571
rotundsias-= } Ss ee See 1567
scandens =. 2-222 - eae e eeeee 1569
Seemann £22. 2-222 ee ee 1568
SOQlRGG) S73 25 eee oo Ss ee ee 1570
SQUSITOSA = S222 so se ee 1565
SLCTTILNAS Oo A ne a ee 1565
Strigosa==- 22 Sos 2) ee eee ee 1568
teguilangzso-- 22. = es ee ee eee 1559
trachylepis==- 2.5 8 eee 1569
Zihoapacthie = ee ee 1531
CaAnMaApa tl: 2s ee ee ee 1531
Zimapania__...--._.--.--- eRe A © v2 57 637
YANN Sos i 8 ee ee eee 1525
NevInanN~ eee 1527
PIN OWIOW lhtcs 25325252553 e eee 678
ADO WU a 5 conn a ee 1668
Diether ee eee 1413
Aig MNS So 2) Lee Sse ee eee 712
RerervOneurus >... 2 0 0 eo ee ee 1673
BONOrenSIS: 5 3M gee eee 1672
Zoagpatle:s-_-3-=-... ee 1531
ORD AG ice aoe ee = a ee 1531
ZODUGtG =. ase sane = ee eee 1660
VAt) yb! (eer, see BLE Be eS tay t ee Sts 28 1380
PB ee ee oe en ae a eee 1380
PTAD EINES © oot a ee ae eae 1531
Viulelanig-ss te sake ee ee ee eee Py
Zygophyllaceae_-____--_-- : = Ce
Zygophyllum _.-_. * : ae
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