LBABY,
Bookseller,
*/i & Walnut
riiilada.
'
LIBRARY
OF
DAVID F. WATKINS.
TRIAL
OF
ANTICHRIST,
OTHERWISE THE
MAX? OF SIN,
FOE
HIGH TREASON
AGAINST THE SOJV OF GOD.
TRIED AT
THE SESSIONS HOUSE OF TRUTH,
3E70RE TH6 RIGHT HON. DIVINE REVELATION, LORD CHIEF JUSTICE 01.
HIS MAJESTY'S COURT OF merry; THE HON. JUSTICE REASON
OF SAU> COURT; AND THE HON. JUSTICE HISTORY,
ONE OF THE JUSTICES OF HIS MAJESTY'S
COURT OF INFORMATION.
TAKEN IN SHORT-HAND,
BY THE REV. IV. I* S. G.
A Friend to St. Peter; Professor of Stenography; and Author
of" Four Dialogues between the Apostle St. Peter and
His Holiness the Pope of Rome," &c. &c.
FROM THE SECOND DUBLIN EDITION.
t PITTSBURGH:
PUBLISHED BY ROBERT WILSON.
2?. 4- M. Maclean, printers.
^dldt^^
^&wW*^*
1830.
iwr
PREFACE
TO THE SECOND DUBLIN EDITION.
THE first Edition of this work having been
for some time out of print, at the request of a
number of very respectable protestant gentle-
men it is republished.
The Author feels grateful for the great en-
couragement he has received, as it proves that
there are in Ireland many who yet respect the
Protestant Faith. To such, he cannot douht
but that this new edition of the TRIAL OF ANTI-
CHRIST will prove acceptable. From one County
only, upwards of 1000 copies have been
ordered.
He has now added some events of our own
times and country, transactions in the rebellions
of 1798, 1803, and some proceedings of the
Roman Catholic Boafcd, to its being SUPPRESSED
by Proclamation, including extracts from Dr.
Dromgoole's speech, &c.
It may be necessary to notice the plan pur-
sued. The Pope is charged with High Treason
against the King of Heaven, for .usurping his
IV PREFACE.
Supremacy, dignified Titles, Power, &c. The
Indictment goes as far back as the year 606,
when he first was acknowledged as the Univer-
sal Bishop: and some of the principal circum-
stances in history from that time to the present
are brought forward to support the charge. The
form of a State Trial is almost if not altogether
constantly attended to, and such legal phrases
used, as to keep up the idea of a Court of Jus-
tice. The Pope being acknowledged by Ca-
tholics as the Head of the Church, and supposed
always to exist, he is arraigned as such by
various names; so that when one dies it is only
supposed that he changes his name. The wit-
nesses of course, are always considered to be
alive, and the Martyrs who were burnt to ashes
or otherwise put to death, are supposed to be
delivered. It is designed to be an abridgment
of ecclesiastical history, for upwards of twelve
hundred years, and to confirm the testimony of
scripture.
A FRIEND TO ST. PETER.
The Proceedings of a Special Commission, held
at the Sessions House of TRUTH; in order to
the TRIAL of ANTICHRIST, for High Treason
against His Most Sacred Majesty. KING of
HEAVEN and EARTH.
THE Court being opened? the Commission of
Oyer and Terminer, under the Great Seal of
Heaven was read, when a Bill being found by the
Grand Jury, the Prisoner,, after manifesting con-
siderable reluctance, was brought to the Bar.
,
CLERK OP THE CROWN.
* ANTICHRIST, alias MAN OP SIN, alias Ro
* MAN PONTIFF, hold up your right hand. You
4 stand indicted, for that you. not having the
4 fear of God before your eyes, but being moved
* and seduced by the devil, did associate with
* other false traitors against our Sovereign Lord,
4 the present and everlasting King, your supreme
* and undoubted lord, not considering the duty
1*
4 of your allegiance, but wholly withdrawing, the
4 peace and common tranquillity of his kingdom
4 to disturb; and our Sovereign Lord the King
4 from his royal state^ title, power, to depose and
4 deprive, and our Sovereign Lord the King to
4 death put.
4 You the said ANTICHRIST, and so forth, with
4 other false traitors, did usurp authority contra-
4 ry to every act and statute of our Sovereign
4 Lord the King. And, in the year of our Sove-
4 reign Lord six hundred and six, hi the City of
4 Rome in Italy * did erect your Throne in oppo-
4 sition to the Throne iji Heaven. And in far-
4 therance of yt>ur most evil intentions, and
4 treasonable imaginations, as such false traitor
4 feloniously and maliciotisly did conspire, and
4 combine together with other false traitors, par-
4 ticularly with that monster of wickedness,
4 PHOCAS, who murdered his master, the Emperor
4 MAURITIUS, and his family, consisting of six
4 sons and two daughters: In return for the favor
4 and countenance he received from you, he
4 conferred on you the title of UNIVERSAL
4 BISHOP, and you were then known by the
6 name of POPE Be;trFA.cfi III.
4 And afterwards* at the said City of Rome, in
4 further pursuance of the said Treason and Re-
4 bellion, you the said ANTICHRIST, being lifted up
4 with pride by the Prince of Darkness, did, in
4 order to gratify your ambition and promote
* rebellion, add sundry other high and dignified
4 titles, in open defiance to the Crown, Dignity,
4 and Honor of our Sovereign Lord the King;
4 such as Christ's Vicegerent, His Holiness,
4 Prince over all Nations and Kingdoms, King
4 of Kings, and Lord of Lords, the Lord God the
4 rope, and so forth, so that sitting in the tem-
4 pie of God you did proclaim to the world that
4 you held your throne on Earth, not simply as
4 a man, but as true God!
4 And in furtherance of your most treason-
4 able and rebellious designs, you the said ANTI-
4 CHRIST, did, from time to time, wickedly,
4 falsely, and maliciously, associate with other
4 false traitors, and with force of arms, make
4 and levy war, with intent our Sovereign Lord
4 the King of, and from his royal state to depose
4 and deprive, and to kill and put to death;
4 and as such false traitor feloniously and mahV
4 ciously did conspire and combine with other
4 false traitors to raise and levy cruel insurrec-
tions, rebellions, and war within his king-
4 dom; did collect together arms, ammunition,
4 gun-powder, and shot, for the purposes of said
4 rebellions, and to levy war within his kingdom.
4 And for many years, in many countries, in
4 many nations, with jforce and arms, falsely
4 and traitorously did use, and procure to be
4 used, many hundred thousand pikes, and sun-
4 dry other arms, and did procure an immense
* quantity of gun-powder, with racks, gibbets,
8
4 fire, swords, red-hot pincers, thumb-screws,
' whips, cords, and various other instruments
4 of torture, (which for cruelty and diabolical
4 ingenuity, could scarcely be equalled in all the
* dark regions of infernal spirits,) for the pur-
4 pose of carrying on said insurrections and
4 rebellions within his Kingdom, and therewith
* cruel slaughters made among the faithful
'subjects of our Lord the King within his
* kingdom.
4 And in furtherance of said treasonable de-
4 signs, you the said ANTICHRIST, did asso-
4 ciate with, and cause yourself to be pro-
* claimed the head, and did become the ring-
* leader of a certain society, called the Roman
4 Catholic and Apostolic Church; and for the
4 purpose of supporting your tyrannical and
' usurped authority in direct opposition to every
4 diyine law of our Sovereign Lord the King,
4 you did confer on other false traitors, in said
4 society, divers and numerous honors and titles,
4 such as Cardinals, Pope's Nuncios, Apostolic
4 Vicars, Pope's Legates, Archbishops, Holy Fa-
4 thers of Inquisitions, Inquisitor Generals, Pre-
4 lates, Monks, Hermits, Jesuits,Augustine Monks,
4 Benedictine Monks, Dominican Friars, Fran-
* ciscan Friars, Mendicant Friars, Jansenists,
' Molinists, Abbots, Abbesses, Priests, Canons,
4 Carmelites, Nuns, &c. &c. All of those said
* traitors have been engaged, and most of them
4 deeply concerned in many Treasons, Rebel-
4 lions and Murders, committed by you at vari-
' ous times.
4 And in further pursuance of said treason-
'able designs, you the said ANTICHRIST, in
4 order to draw others into rebellion and trea-
1 son, did forge and counterfeit, and did cause
' to be forged and counterfeited, the name,
' hand-writing and seal of our Sovereign Lord
' the King, with intent wickedly, feloniously,
4 and maliciously to deceive the World, and
4 force obedience to yourself. For which pur-
i pose you caused it to be proclaimed that you
' were appointed by divine authority to be the
' Head of the Church and CHRIST'S Vicar on
' earth, and that by the positive Mandate, and
* Decree of our Sovereign Lord the King, given
* under his hand and seal, at JERUSALEM in Ju-
4 dea, in Asia.
4 And in furtherance of said treason and re-
4 bellion, you the said ANTICHRIST, wilfully,
4 wickedly, and maliciously, did forge and coun-
4 terfeit, and cause to be forged and counter-
4 feited, the hand-writing of one of his Most
4 Sacred Majesty's loyal and confidential ser-
4 vants, namely the Apostle PETER, from whom
4 you have presumed to declare, you received
4 your authority to commit treason, rebellion,
4 and murder, with every other crime, in the
4 name of the Holy and Righteous God of Hea-
4 ven and Earth, our Sovereign Lord and King,
10
* and your Supreme and undoubted Lord. And
* you propagated and caused to be propagated
* designedly, and wickedly and falsely, that in
4 order to delegate you with princely power, and
* unheard of tyranny, the said Apostle PETER
' came to the City of Rome, as PRINCE of the
* APOSTLES, and invested you with all your titles
4 and power to govern the Church of Christ in
4 the Universal World.
4 And afterwards at sundry times, and at the
4 said City of Rome, in further pursuance of
4 said treason and rebellion, you, the said
4 ANTICHRIST did feloniously write, and cause
4 to be written, several rebellious manifestoes or
4 proclamations, termed Pope*s Bulls; to sup-
4 port your unlawful Supremacy, to give indul-
4 gences to sin, and commission to violate every
4 law of GOD, to pardon treason, to give liberty
4 to souls in misery, giving encouragement
4 to subjects to rebel against their lawful Sove-
4 reign, to hurl Kings and Princes from their
4 thrones, and to encourage ^murder, treason,
4 rebellion, rapine and blood, with every detest-
*able crime, that can be named by human
4 tongue. And for this purpose, did make open
* publication of the same as being the Manifes-
4 toes or Proclamations termed BULLS OF His
4 HOLINESS THE POPE OF ROME, VICAR OF CHRIST;
* PRINCE OVER ALL NATIONS AND KINGDOMS, &c.
4 &c. And did circulate the same among dif-
* ferent nations and people, for the purpose of
11
4 inciting and encouraging them to enter into
6 rebellion against our Sovereign Lord the King,
4 within his kingdom.
4 And in furtherance of your most evil inten-
1 tions, and treasonable imaginations, as such
4 false traitor, you, the said ANTICHRIST, feloni-
* onsly and maliciously did conspire and com-
* bine, together with other false traitors, to cx-
4 cite all nations on earth to repair to your pre-
4 tended consecrated standard in open rebellion
4 against our Sovereign Lord the King.
' And for the purpose of further promoting
4 your treason and rebellion, you did from time
4 to time change your title; commanding yonr-
4 self to be called by various names, insomuch
4 that from the day you first usurped that of
4 Universal Bishop, by the name of BONIFACE III.
* to that on which you arrived at the highest
4 pitch of Papal grandeur under that of GREGO-
4 RY VII. you assumed no less than one hundred
4 and fourteen appellations. And from that
4 date, to the present, you have continued to
4 change your name, for the vile purpose of al-
* luring others into your awful rebellion and
4 treason against the King of kings and Lord of
* lords, and his Imperial Crown and Dignity.
4 And in further pursuance of said treason
4 and rebellion, you the said ANTICHRIST, did
4 openly and publicly, in the year of our Lord
12
* 751, presume to depose Kings and establish
* yourself as a temporal Prince. You therefore
4 did by the name of Pope ZACHARY I. dethrone
4 CHILDERIC III. King of France, and invest with
4 royalty the usurper PEPIN in his place. From
* this period you carried two swords, to signify
* both your temporal and spiritual power and
4 assumed more and more authority; you as
4 CHRIST'S Vicegerent claimed the same power,
* as would belong to CHRIST alone had he been
4 personally on earth, reigning on his throne.
1 You even used to be called GOD on Earth, and
* most of the Princes of Europe submitted to
* your rebellious arms and usurped Supremacy.
4 You also brought Emperors and Kings to kiss
' your feet, to receive their crowns from your
4 hands, and Princes dreaded your displeasure
4 more than they would a thunderbolt from hea-
* ven. If you were pleased to excommunicate
4 a King, all his subjects were by you declared
4 to be free from their allegiance and obliged, to
4 renounce it on pain of your displeasure; and
4 not only so but any man might kill him.
* Further, you arrogated the power of damning
4 the souls of men, and persuaded the people
' (whom you had deluded into your rebellion) to
' believe, that you possessed that ability, so that
* whoever died under your excommunication
* was considered by them as eternally lost.
* And in furtherance of your most wicked
4 and traitorous designs, you, the said ANTI-
13
* CHRIST, not having the fear of GOD before
1 your eyes, but being moved and seduced by
4 the instigation of the great promoter, and
4 your co-operator in rebellion, the Devil, did,
4 with force of arms, by craft, subtlety and su-
1 perstition, falsely, wickedly and traitorously,
4 compass, imagine and intend our said Lord
4 the King, then and there your supreme, true
4 and lawful Lord, of and from the royal state,
4 crown, title, power and government of his
4 Imperial Realm, to depose and wholly deprive,
4 and to death and destruction bring, did levy
4 and make war for several centuries to support
4 your usurped authority, and to overthrow and
4 destroy the government and constitution of the
4 kingdom of our Lord, to establish your tyran-
4 nical and despotic decrees, laws, and canons,
4 to the certain destruction of all who are drawn
4 by you into your treasons and die in a state of
4 rebellion against our Sovereign Lord the King.
4 And in further prosecution of said wicked
4 designs as aforesaid, you the said ANTICHRIST
4 did (after you dethroned CHILDERIC, King of
4 France) depose, and deprive and excommuni-
' cate a number of Princes, contrary to every
4 law and statute of our Sovereign Lord the
4 King made in that case and provided. Du-
4 ring the time you went by the name of Pope
4 INNOCENT III. at the commencement of the
4 thirteenth century, when the Empire of Ger-
4 many was disputed between Philip, duke of
2
14
* Suabia, and Otho IV. you first espoused the
* cause of Otho, and thundered out your ex-
' communications against Philip, and upon the
* death of the latter, in the year 1209, you
1 placed the Imperial Diadem upon the head of
4 his adversary, who not being disposed to bow
Sufficiently to your ambitious desire, in his
4 turn felt your malice and resentment. You
* therefore declared him unworthy of the Em-
4 pire, and anathematized and deposed him in
4 the year 1212, and raised his pupil Frederic
4 II. to the throne and dignity in his place.
; You also excommunicated and deposed John
4 King of England, and absolved all his subjects
4 from their oaths of allegiance, when you pro-
4 claimed the kingdom under an interdict, shut
4 up all the places of public worship for three
4 years, declared the throne of England vacant,
4 and requested the King of France to execute
4 your sentence and undertake the conquest of
4 Britain: till John was compelled to pay large
4 sums of money for both England and Ireland,
4 to do homage before your legate at Dover, and
4 receive his crown from his hands, as a special
4 favor from you, (as his Holiness the Pope and
4 Prince of the Apostles,) after it was detained
4 five days.
4 When you were called by the name of Pope
4 CONSTANTLY, in the year 712, you also deprived
4 Philipicus Bardanes, Emperor of the Greeks*
15
* By the name of GREGORY I. and II. you ex~
* communicated Leo the Isaurian Emperor.
1 In the year 1076, by the name of GREGORY
* VII. you deposed Henry IV. Emperor.
4 By the name of CELESTINE III. you excom-
4 municated Henry VI. Emperor.
4 By the same name you excommunicated
4 Leopold Duke of Austria.
' By the same name you excommunicated
* Alphonso X. King of Galicia and Leon.
4 By the name of Innocent III. you deprived
* Philip Augustus, King of France.
4 In the year 1245, by the names of GREGORY
4 IX. and Innocent IV. you deposed Frederic II.
4 Emperor.
4 In the year 1303, by the name of BONIFAGE
4 VIII. you deprived Philip the Fair, King of
4 France.
4 In the year 1512, by the name of JULIU* II.
' you deprived Louis XII. King of France.
4 In the year 1538, by the name of PAUL III.
* you deprived Henry VIII. King of England.
4 In the year 1570, by the name of Pius V.
4 you deprived Elizabeth Queen of England.
4 By the name of PAUL IV. you issued out
'your edict in the year 1563, to order Joan,
* Queen of Navarre, to appear before your
4 tribunal at Rome, to answer for the crime of
* rejecting your authority. In the year 1589,
* by the name of SIXTUS V. you delivered a fa-
* mous (or rather an infamous) oration, applaud-
*jng the murder of Henry III, King of France,
16
4 by a Jacobine Friar, as both admirable and
1 meritorious.
4 By the name of URBAN II. you prohibited
4 Bishops and Priests from promising allegiance
' to Kings and Princes.
4 By the name of MARTIN V. you forced the
4 Emperor Sigismund to violate his covenant
4 and promise, and made that diabolical decree,
4 that Faith must not be kept with heretics.
4 By the name of CLEMENT IX- you presumed
4 to deprive James I. King of England of his
4 right to the crown, even before he ascended
4 the throne, and afterwards attempted to
4 destroy both him and his parliament by gun-
4 powder.
4 By the name of CLEMENT XI. you declared
4 the treaty of Charles VI. Emperor to be null mid
4 void, (so far as it did not appear to the interest
4 of your government) although repeatedly con-
4 firmed by oath, and
4 By the name of GREGORY VII. you not only
- 4 dethroned Basilius, King of Poland, but you
4 did by an express and imperious edict prohibit
4 the nobles of Poland from electing a new king
4 without your consent, contrary to the divine
4 law of our Sovereign Lord the King.
4 And in furtherance of your most evil and
4 traitorous designs, you, the said ANTICHRIST
4 did, for the purpose of promoting rebellion and
4 insurrection, wilfully and knowingly adhere to
4 and confederate with some of the most noto-
4 rious and violent enemies of our Sovereign
1ft
4 Lord the King. And as such false traitor, did
4 feloniously and maliciously hold such commu-
4 nication with the aforesaid rebels, with intent
*to alter and overthrow the constitution of the
* kingdom of our Lord; and our Sovereign
* Lord the King from his royal state, titles and
* power, to depose and deprive, and our Sove-
4 reign Lord the King to death put. You, the
4 said ANTICHRIST, with other false traitors, did
4 in several countries erect and establish most
4 awful, dreadful, and diabolical courts for the
4 trial and punishment of all those who refused to
* own your unlawful authority. To these Courts
4 or tribunals you gave the name of Holy Office
4 of Inquisitions, where every cruelty that devils
4 could invent was employed by your commis-
4 sion. You also appointed to superintend these
* works and mansions of darkness, such false
4 traitors as were zealously attached to your
4 treasonable designs, and did confer on them
4 the title of Holy Fathers of Inquisition, Holy
* Inquisitors, &e.
4 An4 in furtherance of said treason and re-
4 bellion, you the said ANTICHRIST, with ofier
4 false traitors, did presume to declare that you
4 had by divine right, power to introduce into the
4 highest seat of dignity in heaven, some of the
4 most notorious rebels against our Sovereign
4 Lord and King. You did therefore (what you
4 call) canonize a considerable number of such
* false traitors as Saints in heaven, both men
2*
18
* and women, for the purpose of promoting your
* awful rebellion, by withdrawing the allegiance
* and affections of thousands from our lawful
* Sovereign, by venerating and adoring those
4 creatures of your own forming, and thus pro-
4 moting rebellion and treason in all the world
* to the utmost of your power.
* And in further prosecution of said wicked
4 designs as aforesaid, you the said ANTICHRIST
* did wilfully and maliciously, by open procla-
* mation, give encouragement to the most detest-
4 able Murderers, Traitors, Robbers, and Vil-
4 lains, that could be collected together on earth:
4 And did for such murderers and rebels appoint
4 several places, called Holy Places of Refuge,
4 where every infamous character lived in safety
4 . by your orders, in defiance of every divine
4 and human law, for the purpose of promoting
4 rebellion and treason against our Sovereign
4 Lord the King.
4 And further to promote treason and rebel-
4 lion, as such false traitor, you the said ANTI-
4 CHRIST did, wickedly and feloniously, with
'ottier false traitors, proclaim the presumed
4 power, to grant to those who were rich enough
4 to purchase them, Indulgences, which admin-
* istered remission of all sins, however enormous
'in their nature they might be. You did there-
4 fore, especially in Germany, in the year of our
4 Lord, 1517, (when you were known by the
19
* name of Pope LEO X.) employ several persons
4 connected with you to circulate and sell the
'said Indulgences for money; particularly a
* Dominican Friar, and false traitor, known by
4 the name of JOHN TETZEL, who in describing
'the efficacy of these rebellious Indulgences,
4 among other enormities, said that even had any
4 one deflowered the mother of God,he had from you
4 wherewithal to efface his guilt. And he also
4 boasted that he had saved more souls from hell
4 by these Indulgences, than St. Peter had convert-
4 ed to Christianity by his preaching.
4 You likewise commissioned other false trai-
4 tors to plead in the defence of said rebellious
4 acts, when they were opposed by one who
4 rejected your authority. And one CAJETAN, a
4 rebel in your employ, did declare in support of
4 your usurped power, that one drop of Chris? s
4 blood, being sufficient to redeem the whole human
4 race, the remaining quantity that was shed in the
4 garden and on the cross, was left as a legacy to
4 the church, to be a treasure from whence Indul-
4 gences were to be drawn and administered by the
4 Roman Pontiff', or you the said ANTICHRIST.
4 And of these and other awful expressions you
4 were the author when you were called Pope
4 CLEMENT VII.
4 And in furtherance of said treason and
4 rebellion, you the said ANTICHRIST, with
4 other false traitors, did wickedly, wilfully,
20
* and maliciously, murder and cause to be mur-
* deredmany hundred thousand subjects of our
* Sovereign Lord the King, who refused to own
* your assumed supremacy. To enumerate all
* the said murders would be a task impossible
4 for men, if not for angels, to perform: But you
4 did, by various instruments put to death up-
* wards of a million of the people called WAL-
* DENSES and ALBIGENSES, whom you persecuted
* with fire and sword for several centuries. And
4 you also burnt many very faithful preachers
4 of the kingdom of our Lord. And you did
4 on the 24th day of August, 1572, and fewfol-
4 lowing days, cause to be murdered at Paris in
4 France, 70,000 persons, who were massacred
4 by one of your agents called CHARLES IX.
4 and who in a few years murdered 300,000!!
4 Witliin thirty years, were killed in France 39
4 Princes, 148 Counts, 224 Barons, 147,518
4 Gentlemen, and 760,000 persons of inferior
4 rank in life, but whose blood equally called
4 for justice.
4 And you did in England, during the short
4 reign of the ever to be execrated Queen MARY,
* burn 1 Archbishop, 4 Bishops, 21 Preachers,
4 8 Gentlemen, 84 Artificers y 100 Husband-
4 men and Laborers, 26 Wives, 20 Widows,
4 9 unmarried Women, 2 Boys, and 2 Infants.
4 And in Ireland also you did in the year 1641,
4 cause to be murdered 40,000 persons. And
4 in Scotland, in Holland, in Germany, in Spain,
4 in Italy, in Portugal, in Poland, in Hungary,
21
4 in Bohemia, and other countries in Europe, and
' in South- America, innumerable multitudes have
4 been slaughtered by your rebellious arms, for
4 the vile purpose of promoting said insurrec-
4 tions and treasons within the kingdom of our
4 Sovereign Lord the Everlasting King: And
4 for the purposes of your treasonable imagin-
4 ations as aforesaid, our said Lord the King
4 from the royal state, title, honor, power, im-
4 perial crown and government of his realm to
4 depose and deprive, contrary to the duty of
4 your allegiance, against the peace of our So-
4 vereign Lord the King, his crown and dignity,
4 and against the form of the statute in that
4 case made and provided."
CLERK OF THE CROWN. How sayest thou
Antichrist? Art thou Guilty of that treason
whereof thou standest Indicted, and for which
thou hast now been arraigned? or Not Guilty?
ANTICHRIST. (After remaining silent for some
time,) I do not consider myself accountable to
any^Court.
LORD CHIEF JUSTICE. Whatever opinion
you may entertain respecting your treasonable
authority; it will not be owned here. You have
heard the Indictment read, and the course is,
you must plead Guilty or Not Guilty. It is the
law and the common case of all men in your
situation. Are you Guilty or Not Guilty?
ANT. Shall I not be allowed to produce such
22
authority as almost all Christian countries have
admitted? Some of the most eminent Catholic
writers have proved my power over all law
and
COURT. You must hold, and plead Guilty
or not Guilty. You shall have the liberty that
any subject can have, or can challenge. No man
standing at the bar, in the condition you are,
must make any other answer to the Indictment
than Guilty, or not Guilty. Your answer must
be plain and direct, either Guilty or not Guilty.
ANT. Will you permit me to give you my
answer in my own words?
LORD CHIEF JUSTICE. There is no answer
but what the law directs. You shall be heard
when you put yourself upon your trial.
ANT. I request some time to consider of it,
for I have been very unexpectedly called
upon.
COURT. You have been allowed several cen-
turies to take this case into consideration. You
must follow the direction of the Court, Guilty or
Not Guilty.
ANT. Shall I be heard, my Lord?
COURT. Yes, upon your trial. You must
keep to the course of the law; either Guilty or
Not Guilty. There is but one of these pleas to
be made. You trouble the Court.
CLERK. How sayest thou Antichrist? Art
thou Guilty, or not Guilty?
ANT. My condition differs from others, I am
now -
23
CLERK. Are you Guilty, or Not Guilty?
ANT. I am speaking. I have known the
time when none dare
COURT. There are but three things to be con-
sidered. Either you must say Guilty, which is
Confession, and then there remains no more but
Judgment, or Not Guilty, and then you shall be
heard; or Judgment will pass for your standing
mute; which is the same as if you had confessed.
ANT. Will you refuse to give me any satis-
faction?
CLERK. Are you Guilty, or Not Guilty?
COURT. You have been long acquainted
with the proceedings of earthly courts- Did you
ever allow any prisoner brought before your
tribunal, the indulgence the Court has now
granted you?
ANT. This is a special case.
COURT. The law allows nothing now, but to
plead Guilty, or Not Guilty. You must plead to
your Indictment. If it be treason it cannot be
justified; if it be justifiable, it is not treason.
Therefore plead Guilty, or Not Guilty.
ANT. Who could suppose that I would plead
Guilty?
CLERK. You plead Not Guilty. Is this your
plea?
ANT. I do not acknowledge the Indictment
to be legal. I never called myself by the name
of Antichrist. I am not the person.
CLERK. You have been long known by that
name. You are the persin charged with trea-
24
son. It would take many hours to read all the
names you have been known by in the world.
You are the person, and by one, or other of the
names in the Indictment, you have for centuries
committed all the crimes laid to your charge.
But the Court cannot be thus interrupted. Are
you Guilty, or Not Guilty?
ANT. I am not Antichrist.
CLERK. Are you Guilty, or Not Guilty?
ANT. I do not plead Guilty.
CLERK. Then you plead Not Guilty. Is this
your plea?
ANT. Yes.
CLERK. How will you be tried?
ANT. I will be tried by the laws and Cardinals
of the Holy Roman Catholic Church.
LORD CHIEF JUSTICE. I must inform you, if
you do not put yourself in this case according
to law, what you have said amounts to nothing.
CLERK. How will you be tried?
ANT. According to the ordinary course.
CLERK. Whether by God or the Country?
You must speak the words.
COURT. We have given you a great deal
more liberty than is usually granted. It is the
course and proceeding of law, if you will be
tried you must put yourself upon God and
the Country.
ANT. If I must say the words, I will say
what you tell me. I will be tried by God and
the Country.
CLERK. God sena you a good deliverance.
25
COURT. You, the prisoner at the bar: if you
desire pen, ink and paper, you shall have them;
and if you will challenge any of the Jury, you
may when they come to be sworn, and that be-
fore they are sworn.
Mr. Timothy Telltruth being called was desired
to look on the prisoner at the bar, and lay his
hand upon the book, when the prisoner said, /
utterly abhor his name, he is well known to be one
of the greatest enemies to my government.
Mr. Jacobus Investigation, Mark Mercy, Gi-
deon Grace, Titus Truth, Francis Faithfulness,
Luke Love, Peter Peace, Jonah Joy, Matthew
Meekness, Henry Holiness, and Venerable Virtue,
being called were severally excepted against by
the prisoner.
COURT. Antichrist, you know the law.
You must say, I challenge him.
ANT. I shall, sir.
Sir Simon Sincerity, was next called and chal-
lenged.
Mr. Christopher Compassion, being called, the
prisoner said, may I ask of what quality he is?
COURT. No Sir. You are to challenge him,
or not challenge him.
ANT. T challenge him.
Philip Purity, Obadiah Obedience, and Grace
Goodness, being called were also challenged.
(Here the people appeared to smile.)
ANT. My Lord I must make use of my. li-
berty in the case.
COURT. God forbid it should be otherwise,
3
Reuben Righfeousness, and Virtuous Vigttan&B?
were called and challenged.
COURT. Antichrist you know how many
to challange. If you go beyond the number T
[the danger.
ANT. Will you tell me what it is? I know
nothing about trial by Jury. All the prisoners
that came before me had a very different triaL
COURT. You say very true, but God forbid
but you should know. You may challenge
thirty-five peremptorily, but no more unless
you can shew just cause.
Sir William Worthy, was next called, and
challenged.
Tifu* Tenderness, called*.
ANT. I do not know him.
TEND. Nor I you Sir; I never lived in your
city or dominions,
He was then desired to look on the prisoner
and lay his hand on the book. His oath was-
then read to him* viz. ' You shall well and
4 truly try, and true deliverance make between
4 our sovereign Lord' the King, and the prisoner
* at the bar, whom you shall have in charge, ac-
4 cording to your evidence: So help you God."
Sworn.
Benjamin Blameless, Absalom Amiable, and
Luke Love good, were challenged.
Don Pedro Italy, was next called, when the
prisoner said, Don Pedro Italy is his iiamelT
Let him be sworn. Sworn.
Uriah Uprightness. Challenged.
27
ISenhor Paulo Portugal was next called.
ANT. I like his name, let him be sworn*
Elias Equity. Challenged.
Divine Light. Challenged.
Divine Life. Challenged.
ANT. Lest I may run into any Hazard, in
making use of the liberty granted by the law in
this case, and not having numbered the persons
challenged; I desire that your officer may ac-
quaint me with the number.
COURT. You shall know it.
Christian Charity, was next called and chal-
lenged, but the prisoner said immediately after,
Let him be sworn.
COURT. No, No.
ANT. I have no objection to his name. He
.may be sworn
COURT. When he is chaflenged it cannot
be recalled.
Senhor Dominic Spam, was aiext called.
ANT. Let him be sworn. He has known
me a long time. Sworn.
Hosea Honesty and Faithful Witness, being
called, were challenged.
COURT. You have now challenged thirty.
ANT. I wish the names to be read to me,
-to see if it be so?
COURT. When you come to thirty-five, you
shall have the names read.
Vital Godliness and Experimental Religion-,
were next called and both challenged-
28
Mons. Most Christian France. Sworn.
Corvinus Hungary. Sworn.
Gospel Holiness, Scripture Morality, and Apos-
tolic Testimony, being called, were challenged.
COURT. Now read the names to him.
They \vere read. In all thirty-five.
Van Erasmzis Holland. Sworn.
Gustavus Sweden. Sworn.
George England. Sworn.
Andrew Scotland. Sworn.
Patrick Ireland. Sworn.
Augustus Germany. Sworn.
Then they who were admitted, were called
over, viz. Titus Tenderness, Don Pedro Italy,
Senhor Paulo Portugal, Senhor Dominic Spain,
Monsieur Most Christian France, Corvinus
Hungary, Van Erasmus Holland, Gustavus
Sweden, George England, Andrew Scotland,
Patrick Ireland, and Augustus Germany.
Proclamation was then made,
* If any man can inform my lord the King's
' Justice, the King's Sergeant or the King's
4 Attorney, before this Inquest be taken, let
4 them come forth, and they shall be heard, for
4 now the prisoner stands at the Bar upon his de-
* liverance. And all those bound by recognizance
4 to appear let them come forth, and give their
4 evidence, or else to forfeit their recognizance.'
A considerable number of witnesses were then
called.
CLERK. Look upon the Prisoner at the bar,
you that are sworn. You shall understand,
that the Prisoner at the bar stands indicted by
the name of Antichrist, &c. late of the City
of Rome in Italy > Clerk; for that he, together,
&c. (here the indictment was read) upon which
indictment he hath been arraigned, and there-
unto hath pleaded Not Guilty; and for his trial
hath put himself upon God and the Country,
which Country you are. Now your charge is
to inquire, whether he be Guilty of the High
Treason in manner and fornvas he stands indict-
ed or Not Guilty. If you find that he is Guil-
ty, you shall inquire what Goods and Chattels
he had at the time of committing the Treason,
or any time since. If you find that he is
Not Guilty, you shalj inquire whether he did
fly for it; if you find that he fled for it, you
shall inquire of his Goods and Chattels as if you
had found him Guilty. If you find that he
is Not Guilty, nor that he did fly, you shall
say so and no more. t And take heed to your
evidence.
The Right Hon. FAITHFUL INVESTIGATION,
His Majesty's Attorney General, then addressed
the Court and Jury.
My Lords, and Gentlemen of the Jury,
It is my duty to state to you in as concise a
manner as I can, the nature of the charges pre-
ferred against the prisoner at the bar, and the
evidences that shall be produced in support of
those charges. Gentlemen of the Jury, you on
your part are to decide upon the evidences; it
3*
30
ia for you to draw such conclusions as you may
by the evidences be warranted to do.
My Lords and Gentlemen of the Jury, I con-
sider my self highly honored in being one of the
instruments in bringing before you, this day in-
to judgment, one who not only has been guilty of
the blackest treason and rebellion, but, who has
been for many centuries the plague and curse
of nations. The highest crimes of which a sub-
ject can be guilty^ attended with various ag-
gravating circumstances, are charged against
the Prisoner at the bar, who was the leader and
original mover of many insurrections and rebel-
lions which have deluged the earth with human
blood, and brought many whom he had seduced
to condign punishment, both here and in the
eternal world. It will appear in evidence, that
the persons who were principally connected
with, and who received their authority from
the prisoner, wei those that were concerned
in the rebellions .01*606, and of every succeeding
century, in Italy , Germany, France, Spain, Portu-
gal, Holland, Sweden, England, Wales, Scotland,
Ireland, and most of the Nations of Europe.
My Lords and Gentlemen of the Jury, it is
not possible that any mortal being, in the space
of one hundred years, could state a tenth part of
the treasons and murders which the prisoner at
the bar has committed. The most youthful and
able council would grow grey-headed in the
court, while barely citing the acts done by him
only during the space of half a century. The
31
Court it self could not contain half the rebel pro-
clamations, or Pope's Bulls which he has pub-
lished to the world, the design of which will
evidently appear to be, the subversion of his
Majesty's Government, and the promotion of
rebellion in all the earth.
And in order to effect his treasonable designs
he imbrued his hands in the blood of thousands
of his fellow creatures; crimes that do not, that
cannot admit of the smallest extenuation. The
Prisoner at the bar stands charged with commit-
ting several overt acts of High Treason by which
he has manifested the wickedness and traitorous
imaginations of his heart. I shall briefly state a
few of the overt acts, and if you believe the evi-
dence you will be convinced, Gentlemen of the
Jury, it is your duty to find" the prisoner Guilty.
There are several counts in this indictment.
That of compassing and imagining the death of
the King. Of usurping his Sovereign Power.
Adhering to the King's enemies. Counterfeit-
ing the King's great seal of Heaven. Levying
war against the King. Deposing several Em-
perors and Kings. Abolishing the laws of our
beloved Sovereign and substituting his own.
Offering rewards to encourage rebellion. The
murder of many hundred thousand subjects of
our Lord the King. And others stated in the
indictment now read.
Gentlemen of the Jury, the overt act of le-
vying war, is a compassing and imagining the
death of the King, although it may not be car-
32
"'ried into effect. I shall not make many obser-
vations upon it, as it must be comprehended
by any sensible man, for in the language
of the law, the levying war is held to be the
compassing and imagining the death of the King,
although it may not immediately be carried into
execution, yet, it may ultimately attach to his
person. And conspiracy, by force of arms, to
alter the laws, the constitution, or the govern-
ment of our Lord's kingdom, leads to the ge-
neral destruction of the king, although it doth
not to the life of his Majesty. Thus those who
have been acknowledged as the subjects of our
Severeign, by lifting up their rebellious arms
against his government, are said to Crucify or
Kill him again, and to bring him to open shame.
The intention to alter by force of arms the con-
stitution of his kingdom, is one of the overt
acts laid in the indictment, as a means to com-
pass the death of the King.
I shall proceed to lay the evidences before
you, in support of the charges laid in the in-
dictment. I shall briefly mention the evidences
and the facts, and the circumstances, that I am
instructed to say, they will prove; and it is for
you, Gentlemen of the Jury, to judge what in-
ferences and conclusions you may draw; I state
the nature of the evidences that will be pro-
duced, merely for the purpose of your under-
standing more satisfactorily the nature of the
testimony the witnesses may give; and your
verdict will be according to those evidences,
33
and according to the credit you may give them,
of which you are the constitutional judges.
We shall produce witnesses to prove, that
the prisoner at the bar, lived at Rome in the
year of our Lord 606; and that he did usurp
the title of Universal Bishop, and was known
by the name of Pope Boniface III. That he con-
tinued to change and alter his name from time
to time. That he did arrogate to himself the
government of our Lord the King. That he
did associate with other false traitors. That he
did levy war against our Sovereign. That he
did issue out many thousand rebellious procla-
mations. That he did with fire and sword put
many of his Majesty's loyal subjects to death,
in a manner enough to make human nature
shudder. That he did counterfeit the hand-
writing of our beloved Lord. That he did de-
pose Emperors and Kings. That he did abo-
lish the laws and constitution of the kingdom of
God. And that he did commit treason and re-
bellion in every age of the world, from the time
he first usurped his treasonable authority.
Gentlemen of the Jury, we might follow the
Prisoner at the bar. from name to name and from
century to century, to the present period, and
glance at a small share of his history, and there-
by give a comparative view of his tragical cruel-
ties. But your time is precious, we shall there-
fore let the witnesses speak, and doubt not but
to prove, that the prisoner is one of the greatest
culprits ever brought to the bar. We shall now
34
call the evidences and shew by them, that the
Prisoner at the bar is guilty of the charges laid
against him in the indictment. It is for you to
decide upon the guilt or innocence of the Pris-
oner, as you on your oath, shall be of opinion
is agreeable to the case. If the charge is not
supported you will of course acquit him.
Mr. Historical Truth, being called and sworn,
was examined by the Attorney General.
QUEST. Have you been acquainted with
Antichrist, the Prisoner at the bar?
ANSW. Yes. I have known him. for many
centuries. He has often employed my pen.
Q. Where did he live when you knew him?
A. At the City of Rome in Italy.
Q. Do you recollect at what period you first
became acquainted with him?
A. I knew him before he claimed the title of
Universal Bishop, but from the time he usurped
it I have taken particular notice of him.
Q. In what year did he first assume that title?
and what name did he then go by?
A. In the year of our Lord 606. He was
then known by the name of Pope Boniface III.
Q. Are you acquainted with any circumstan-
ces that contribute to the establishment of the
Prisoner by that title?
A. I am.
Q. Will you briefly state them to the court?
A. Yes, I recollect well, that for a long time
there was much dispute between the Prisoner at
the bar, and another person, who went by the
35
name of the Bishop of Constantinople, about who
should have the title and power connected with
it, as head of the Church. The Emperor of
Rome, Mauritius, with all his family, consisting
of six sons and two daughters, being murdered by
Phocas, who usurped the Roman Government,
and who being sanctioned by the Prisoner, he in
return conferred on him the title of Universal
Bishop.
Q. Do you recollect on what pretext the Pri-
soner at the bar founded his claim to this title?
A. On a supposition that the Apostle Peter
had been at Rome to found the Church of Rome,
as Mother and Mistress of all Churches. And
that our Lord the King had delegated him with
power to invest his successors with the title of
Vicar of Christ, &c.
Q. Was it from ignorance or wickedness, do
you suppose, that the prisoner was first led to
arrogate his supremacy.
A. I do believe that it proceeded from wick-
edness. For it never could proceed from ignor-
ance as his predecessor Gi egory, w r ho was Bish-
op of Rome, had openly declared to the know-
ledge of the Prisoner, " That whosoever calls
himself, or desires by others to be called Univer-
sal Bishop, " is a forerunner of Antichrist." He
also knows that he never had been owned by that
title before Phocas granted it to him, and he
also well knows now that he was not universally
acknowledged after his usurpation.
36
Cross-examined by Counsellor Quibble, Counsel
for the Prisoner.
Q. You say that you have been long acquaint-
ed with the prisoner, were you intimately ac-
quainted with him?
A. Yes.
Q. On your oath, do you or do you not
believe, that wiien the Prisoner at the bar first
claimed his title, that it never was his intention
to aim at further power?
A. It is probable, that he might not have in-
tended to have carried his rebellious arms so far
at first, but he soon convinced the world what
he would do when he obtained the power.
Q. Did he not style himself Servant of Ser-
vants?
A. He did, but acted as King of Kings and
Lord of Lords.
PhocaS) the Emperor, examined by the Solicitor
General.
This witness being a prisoner, was brought
into the court attended by two of the keepers
of the black gulf, and made a most awful and
terrific appearence.
Q. Are you Phocas the Roman Emperor?
A. Yes. My name is Phocas, and I am call-
ed Emperor of Rome.
Q. Did you know the Prisoner at the bar,
at Rome?
A. Alas I did, to my sorrow.
J
37
Q. Will you relate to the court, what you
know of the prisoner, during your residence
at Rome?
A. I am compelled to do it by the constrain-
ing hand of justice. I look forward with ter-
ror, to that great and tremendous day, when
the Judge of the world, will constrain me to
make a more public declaration. When I
came to the throne, which I obtained by means
the reflection of which adds to my misery, the
prisoner at the bar, then Bishop of Rome, so
insinuated himself into my favor, that I read-
ily granted his request, and by an edict estab-
lished him by the title of Universal Bishop. I
was led to this measure by my ignorance of
the real motives of the prisoner and of true
religion. And as I detested the Bishop of
Constantinople, and stood in need of the pri-
soner's influence, I sanctioned his claim.
Q. He was therefore principally by you
established in his supremacy?
A. Yes.
Cardinal Baronions examined by Mr. Impar-
tiality.
Q. Do you know the prisoner at the bar?
A. Yes. I am intimately acquainted with
him, as thousands know by my writings.
Q. Of what religion are you?
A. I am a rigid Roman Catholic, and have
long acted by the prisoner's authority.
Q. Are you acquainted with the way and
4
manner in which the prisoner first obtained
the title of Universal Bishop?
A. I wrote and published to the world, that
Phocas the Emperor, after he had murdered
Mauritius and family, and usurped the govern-
ment established Boniface III. Pope of Rome,
by the title of Universal Bishop. Anastasius
and Paul Deacon wrote nearly the same, and
many have confirmed the testimony I have
given.*
The Clerk of the Crown then read the follow-
ing extracts^ which had the prisoner's signature
to them.
" Christ made Peter the chief, that from him
as from a certain head he might diffuse, as it
were, his gifts into the whole body; for that
having taken him in CONSORTIUM INDIVIDU^E
TRINITATIS, into the Partnership of the UNDIVI-
DED TRINITY; he would have him called that
which the Lord himself was saying, thou art
Peter, and upon this Rock I will build my
church."t
Signed, BONIFACE VIII.
** Peter saith St. Bernard, walking upon the*
waters as Christ did, declared himself the only
Vicar of Christ: which should be Ruler, not
over one people, but over all. For many wa-
ters are many people. And from hence he
See Anastasius, " De ritas Pontificum." Paul Diacon, " De
wbus gestis Longobard." lib. 4. cap. 34. In Mauratorii "Scrip-
tor, rerum Italicar." torn. i. p. 46.
tSexti DecreU L. 1, Tit 6. cap. 17.
deduceth the like authority and jurisdiction, to
his Successor the Bishop of Rome." Note oa
Matt. 14: 29. Rhemist's New Test, published
by the Pope's authority.
Mr. Historical Truth was then further exam-
ined by the Attorney General.
Q. Are you acquainted with the prisoner's
hand-writing?
A. Perfectly so.
Q. Do you believe that this is the hand- wri-
ting of the prisoner at the bar?
(The papers were then delivered to him.)
A. I do believe it is: he never disowned it.
Many thousand copies have been published
4>y his orders.
Q. Did you ever know the prisoner to make
similar declarations in support of his suprema-
cy?
A. Yes. If I should relate all that I have
taken notes of, none in this court could sur-
vive half the time it would take to read them.
Q. Is the prisoner owned as Lord and So-
vereign by those who act under him, called
Bishops or Priests?
A. Such take an oath at their consecratipn
(so called) that they will from that time for-
ward be faithful to St. Peter, and to the Holy
Roman Church, and to their Lord the Pope,
and his successors canonically entered; to
help them to defend and keep the Papacy, and
4he rules of the Fathers. And they not only
swear to be faithful, but also to,,be obedient*
40
'
And not only to endeavor to preserve and de-
fend the Rights, Honors, Privileges, and Au-
thorities of the Pope, but to increase and ad-
vance them, and to the utmost of their power
to cause the Pope's commands to be observed
by others as well as themselves. The first part
of the oath I have alluded to was framed when
the prisoner called himself by the name of
Pope Gregory VII.* but several additions have
since been made.
Q. When the prisoner was known by that
name, did he not give more evident proof of
his rebellious authority, than ever had been
known before?
A. He did. When he was known by the
name of Hildebrand, or, as he was often call-
ed, Hellbrand, on account of his tyrannical
disposition,*he planned the most traitorous de-
signs, which he afterwards brought into effect,
though not to the extent of his ambitious views.
By the name of Gregory VII. he became out-
rageous, and impiously attempted to subjugate
to his jurisdiction, the Emperors, Kings and
Princes of the earth, and to render their do-
minions tributary to him at Rome. Such in-
famous behavior has frequently been called by
his deluded followers his pious and apostolic
exploits. His government was one continued
scene of tumult and slaughter.
I need only refer to his own epistles, signed
by this name, to prove more of his traitorous
*See Decretal, L. 2. Tit. 24. C. 4.
conduct than it would be proper for me now
to trouble the court with. I shall briefly state,
that he drew up an oath for the King or Em-
peror of the Romans, from whom he demand-
ed a profession of subjection and allegiance.*
It is a well known fact, that France, deceived
by the subtlety of the prisoner, contributed
more than all other nations to the establish^
ment of his dignity and dominions. Yet he
pretended that this kingdom was tributary to
him, and commanded his legates to demand
yearly, in the most solemn manner, the pay-
ment of that tribute. He wrote an insolent
letter to Philip I. King of France, to whom
he recommended an humble and obliging car-
riage, from the consideration that both his
kingdom and his soul were under his domin-
ion, who had the power to bind and loose him
both in heaven and earth! Nothing escaped
his all-grasping ambition; he pretended that
Saxony was a feudal tenure, held in subjection
to him, to whom it had been formerly yielded
by Charlemagne, as a pious offering to St. Pe-
ter. He also extended his pretensions to the
kingdoms of Spain and England, and other
countries; and had his success been equal to
tfhe extent of his insolent views, all the king-
Tioms of Europe would have been tributary to
the prisoner^ on the pretext of his being the
Vicar of Christ, and Prince over all nations
and kingdoms.
*See Book ix. of Ms Epistles, Epist 3
4*
42
Q. Did he not in the exercise of his rebel-
lious authority, depose kings and princes when
cafled by this name?
A. He deposed, and treated in the most
shameful manner, the Emperor Henry IV.
And he dethroned Basilaus II. king of Poland,
with all the circumstances of infamy that he
could invent. After pulling him from his
throne, he dissolved the oath of allegiance
which his subjects had taken, and by an ex-
press and imperious edict prohibited the nobles
to elect a new king without his approbation.
Demetrius Suinimez, Duke of Croatia and
Dalmatia, was raised by the prisoner to the
rank and prerogatives of royalty, in the year
1076, and solemnly proclaimed king by his
legate at Salona, upon conditions that he
should pay an annual tribute of two hundred
pieces of gold to him as to St. Peter, at every
Easter.
Q. Did he not call himself by a variety of
high and imperious titles?
A. Yes: he not only assumed the appella-
tion of Universal Bishop, but also of Sovereign
Pontiff, Christ's Vicar, Prince of the Apostles,
God on earth, Lord God the Pope, His Holi-
ness, King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, Prinoij
over all Nations and Kingdoms, the MOST
Holy and Most Blessed, Master of the Uni-
versal World, Father of Kings, Light of the
World, Most High and Sovereign Bishop, Arc.*
* See Council of Siena, printed at Paris 1612. Pius V. bull to
Queen Elizabeth. Newton on the Prophecies, vol. ii. p. 366.
Mosh. Eccl. Hist. Edwards 1 Hist. Redemption, &c.
43
And he has frequently declared that his
power extended to things Terrestrial, Celestial
and Infernal. He also presumed to qualify
and invest with the same ability, the different
orders of Priests who acted under his rebelli-
ous government.
Q. Has not the prisoner at the bar claimed
adoration from the very creatures who elected
him?
A. He has; when he was occasionally elect-
ed he was clothed with (what are called) the
Pontifical Robes, crowned and placed upon
the altar. The Cardinals then kiss his feet^
and this impious ceremony is called Adoration.
They first elect, and then they worship him.
When the prisoner was known by the name
of Pope Martin V. on the medals of him then
coined, two are represented crowning the
Pope, and tw r o kneeling before him, with this
inscription, " Quern creant adorant" whom
they create they adore.* When he was elect-
ed by this name, the Emperor Sigismund kneel-
ed down before the whole Council of Constance,
kissed his feet, and worshipped him. It is a
fact universally known, that deluded by the
ifices of the prisoner, several emperors and
ings have thought it an honor to kiss his toe,
ing misled by his assumed titles of Vicar of
Christ, &c.
*Bonanni Numismat. 'Pontific. Romanor. Daubuz, p. 381.
Mosh. Abr. Eccl. Hist. 2 vol. p. 352. Dub. Edit
44
Cross-examined by Mr. Eguivocator.
Q. You say that the prisoner at the bar was
elected by the Cardinals who adored him?
A. I do say that he was so elected; and
that they did adore him.
Q. Did you not say before, that he usurped
the title, and engaged Phocas the Emperor to
establish him in his government?
A. I did, and I assert the same now. The
prisoner first obtained his supremacy in the
way before stated to the court; but afterwards
procured himself to be elected and crowned by
those who were deeply interested in the estab-
lishment of hi^authority. He was therefore
often elected by different means. And as often
as he changed his name some ceremony took
place.
Q. Then you say, that the ceremony or
mode of his election, which you have stated,
has existed among a variety of others, but you
cannot say when this form was in practice?
You have heard some report about it, and you
have no objection on your oath to assert it!
A. I can not only declare on my oath, that
this mode of election has been adopted, but I
have the prisoner's own hand- writing to prove
it. In the year of our Lord 1179, he asseni|j.
bled a Council at Rome, called The thir9
Council of the Lateran. He then, by the name
of Pope Alexander III. decreed, " That in or-
" der to put an end to the confusion and dis-
" sentions which so often accompanied the
45
" election of the Roman Pontiff, the right of
" election should not only be vested in the Car-
" dinals alone; but also, that the person in
" whose favor two thirds of the College of Car-
^
" dinals voted, shall be considered as the law-
" ful, and duly elected Pontiff." This decree
alone is sufficient to prove, that before the year
1179, other forms of election did exist, and
that they were frequently accompanied with
confusion and disorder. And I believe that
the prisoner himself will not contradict what
I say, when I assert that this law was made by
him, and is yet in force.
The decree being shown to the prisoner, he
acknowledged that it looked like one which he
had framed at Rome.
Here the Clerk of the Court read the follow-
ing paper, written and published by the priso-
ner, by the name of Pope Innocent III.*
" We may according to the fulness of our
" power, dispose of the law, and dispense
"above the law. (From an Epistle.) Those
" whom the Bishop of Rome doth separate, it
" is not a man that separateth them but GOD!
"For the Pope holdeth place on earth, not
" simply of a man, but of TRUE GOD! That
" HE hath celestial governments, and therefore
" may change the nature of things, applying
" the substance of the one to the other, of no-
" thing can create something, and a decree that
" is void, he can make it in force; for in mat-
* 1 Book of Gregory, 9 Decret C, 3,
46
** ters that he will have come to pass, his will
" is his reason: and no man questioneth him,
" Wherefore do you that? For he can dispense
*' above the law, and of injustice, can make
"justice"
Cardinal Bellarmine, Sworn.
Q. Are you the BeUaimine that wrote what
is called the Fifteen Marks of the True Church,
to prove the Church of Rome the only true
Church, &c.?
A. I am.
Q. Do you know the prisoner at the bar?
A. Yes, I am intimately acquainted with him.
Q. Are you not a Roman Catholic by pro-
fession?
A. I am.
Q. Did you not write and publish several
books to vindicate his authority?
A. I did.
Q. Did you publish in your 4th book de
Pontiff, as follows: " In good sense and judg-
** ment, Christ hath given to Peter, (and con-
" sequently to the Pope) the power of making
" that to be sin, which is no sin, and that which
* 4 is no sin to be sin?"
A. Let me see the copy.
It was shewn to him.
Q. Do you acknowledge it to be your own
writing and publishing?
A. I do acknowledge it.
Q. Did you publish this book, with others,
by the prisoner's authority?
47
A. I did. I acted by his commission, and
was supported by his government.
A number of Emperors, Kings and Princes
were now called as witnesses, who were either
excommunicated, deposed, dethroned, or as-
sassinated by the prisoner. Some appeared
also who were otherwise treated. And perhaps
a greater number of crowned heads never ap-
peared in any Court before.
Philipicus Bardanes, Emperor of the Greeks,
Sworn.
Q. Do you know the prisoner at the bar.
A. I do. He lived at Rome when I knew
him.
Q Did he ever presume to usurp any autho-
rity, as the Vicar of Christ?
A. He did; within a little better than a cen-
tury, after he first obtained the title of Univer-
sal Bishop, he excommunicated and condemn-
ed me.
Q. Will you relate to the court, the pretext
assigned by the prisoner for his conduct to
you?
A. I ordered a picture, which represented
the VI. General Council to be pulled down
from its place, in the Church called St. Sophia
in Constantinople. And as I perceived the
people fast verging to the worship of images,
I sent to Rome a mandate, to remove all ima-
ges of that nature from places of worship.
The prisoner, who then went by the name of
48
t*-
Constantine the Universal Bishop, immediate-
ly opposed my decree, ordered six pictures of
Councils to be placed up in the porch of St.
Peter's, assembled a Council at Rome, and
condemned me as an Apostate. Tumults
and insurrections followed as the consequence,
which the year following deprived me of the
Imperial Throne.
Q. Was the prisoner at the time he con-
demned you, established as a temporal Prince
at Rome?
A. No, he was not. But from the time he
obtained his supremacy, he always appeared
to be aspiring after it. He was subject to me
as his Emperor.
Emperor Leo, the Isaurian, Sworn.
Q. Did you not profess to be a great enemy
to the worship of images.
A. I did. What the Emperor Bardanes be-
gun I resolutely carried on.
Q. Did the prisoner at the bar ever pre-
sume to counteract your edicts, and exercise
authority over you, as the Vicar of Christ?
A. He did. I issued out an edict in the year
726, to forbid the worshipping of images, and
also to remove them all, except that of Christ's
Crucifixion, from all places of worship. The
prisoner then opposed me in the most out-
rageous manner. He passed a sentence of Ex-
communication against me and declared me
unworthy of the Christian name. No sooner
49
was this formidable sentence made public,
than the Roman and other Italian Princes,
subject to me, violated their allegiance, and
rising in arms, either massacred or banished
all my deputies or ollicers.
Q. Will you relate to the Court some of
the effects that followed?
A. When I first proclaimed my decree, a
number of my subjects, who were deluded by
the Priests and Monks, who acted for him,
rose in rebellion in the islands of Archipo-
lago, ravaged a part of Asia, and afterwards
reached Italy. The prisoner (who was the
author and ringleader of these civil commo-
tions and insurrections,) had ordered me to re-
voke .my edict against images, and upon my
refusing, his anathemas followed. However,
being exasperated by these violent proceedings
of this haughty Pontiff, I resolved to make
him and his Italian rebels feel my displeasure;
but I failed in the attempt. More irritated
than discouraged by this disappointment, I
assembled a Council at Constantinople, order-
ed all images to be burnt, and inflicted a
variety of punishments upon such as were at-
tached to that idolatrous worship. The de-
luded followers of the prisoner, being sup-
ported by him, continued to rebel. And at
last it ended, after much blood being spilt, in
the Italian provinces being torn from the
Greek Empire.
50
Q. What name did the prisoner go by when
B knew him?
A. He wa then known by the name of
Constantino, afterwards he assumed that of
Gregory I. and Gregory D.
Emperor Constantino sworn.
Q. In what year did you succeed to the Im-
perial Throne?
A. In the year of our Lord 741. I am the
sen of Leo, who resigned his sceptre to me,
Q. Are you acquainted with the conduct
manifested by the prisoner at the bar to your
father, and did he presume to treat you in
me same manner?
A. I recollect his base conduct to my father-
He was excommunicated; all his subjects in
Italy were absobred from the obligations of
the oath of allegiance which they had taken,
and prohibited from paying tribute to. or
ving him any marks of submission and
obedience. I followed my father's steps, and
in , a Council assembled at Constantinople, in
tijp year 754, condemned both the worship,
and use of images. I met with the same
treatment from the prisoner as my father did,
while I indeavored to the utmost of my pow-
er, to extirpate idolatry from my dominions.
Q. Did the prisoner excommunicate YOU by
the same name he did your father.
A. His ecclesiastical interdict was sent
51
forth, first by the name of Gregory EL. And
afterwards Gregory HI.
Emperor Leo IV.
Q. Look at the prisoner at the bar. Do
you know him, and by what name do you
know him?
A. I do know him. He lived at Rome,
and was known by the name of Pope Adrian.
Q. In what year were you declared Em-
peror?
A. In the year 755.
Q. Did you continue long on the Imperial
Throne?
A. No. Only about tlireo years. Tm>ee
Emperors Trho preceded me had zealously
opposed image worship, and I followed their
example. But a cup of poison, administered
by the impious council of my perfidious and
profligate wife, Irene, rendered me incapable
of performing the functions of royalty. The
prisoner and my wife Jjerceiving me disquali-
fied to govern the Empire, as I was consid-
ered dead; they entered into an affiance, "to
abrogate all the imperial laws against idolatry.
They summoned a council at Nice in Bithy-
nia, restored the worship of images, and de-
nounced severe punishments against such its
maintained that God was the only object of
religious worship. The other enormities of
the flagitious Irene, and her deserved jfate, I
need not state to the Court.
52
Childcric, King of France, sworn.
Q. Did not the prisoner at the bar, under
pretext that he was Christ's Vicar, depose you
and place another person on your throne?
A. He did. In the year 751, when he
called himself Pope Zachary I., Vicar of
Christ, &c.
Q. Will you relate to the Court some of the
leading particulars of that transaction?
A. In the year I before noticed, one Pepin
who was mayor, aspired to the throne, and in
an assembly by him collected, proposed the
design of dethroning his sovereign. It was
then agreed, that the Roman Pontiff should
be first consulted, and accordingly an am-
bassador was sent by Pepin to Rome, with
the following question: "Whether the divine
" law, did not permit a valiant and warlike
" people to dethrone a pusillanimous and in-
" dolent monarch, who was incapable of dis-
" charging any of the functions of royalty,
" and to substitute in his place, one more
" worthy to rule, and who had already render-
" ed most important services to the state?"*
The prisoner then decreed Pepin to be King
of France, and as soon as the decision of the
Pope was published in France, I was stript
of royalty, Pepin ascended the throne, and
was anointed by his Legate at Soissons.
Soon after this the prisoner assumed the title
*See ' Bossuet Defens. declaralionis Cleri Gallicani, 1 Part I,
p. 225, &c, Mosh. Eccl. Hist.
of Pope Stephen II. when he came into France
to solicit assistance to fight against the Lom-
bards. He then dissolved the obligation of the
oath of allegiance, that Pepin had sworn to
me, and which he had riolated by his usur-
pation. And to render his crown pretendedly
sacred, he anointed him a second time, with
his wife and two sons. Pepin in return,
fought for the prisoner with a numerous army
against the Lombards, and in the year fol-
io wing established him as a temporal prince.
Q. Do you recollect hi what year the pri-
soner came into France and anointed Pepin?
A. In the year 754.
Q. Then he never was properly established
as a temporal Prince till the year of our Lord
755: And he obtained both his spiritual and
temporal authority, it appears, by usurpers
like himself?
A. He never was owned as a temporal
Prince till the year 755, and after that he car-
ried two swords, to signify both his terrestrial
and celestial power, which he had blended
together.
Henry IV. Emperor, sworn.
Q. Have you any knowledge of the prison^
er at the bar?
A. I have. I have reason to Icnow him;
and so have many thousands. When I knew
him he was called Pope Gregory VII.
5*
54
Q. What authority did he arrogate over
you as Christ's Vicegerent on Earth?
A. He claimed the power of appointing all
persons to ecclesiastical dignities, while my
subjects were to support them within my em-
pire, at a very heavy expense. From a pre-
vailing custom Emperors and Kings had long
considered themselves empowered to act inde-
pendently in this case, and appoint whom they
thought proper. I refused to give up my right
as Emperor and he persisted in the most inso-
lent manner to demand my submission. Had
the German Princes seconded my claim, it is
more than probable, he would have been com-
pelled to desist from his demands. But as
nearly all Germany were then his devoted
slaves, and civil discord divided the Empire,
the imperious Pontiff ordered me to repair to
Rome immediately, and clear myself of various
crimes laid to my charge.
T absolutely refused to obey his summons,
but assembled a Council of German Bishops at
Worms. Before this Council the prisoner
was charged justly, with several flagitious
practices, deposed from his Pontificate, of
which he was declared unworthy. He no
sooner received information of what was done
at Worms, but with all the violence possible,
he thundered out his Anathemas on my head,
to exclude me from the Throne, and absolve
all my subjects from their oath of allegiance to
me, as their lawful sovereign. This he did m
55
the name of the Vicar of Christ and Prince
over all Nations, and no terms are sufficient to
express the complicated scenes of misery that
arose through the war which then took place,
between the Civil and Ecclesiastical powers.
The Suabian chiefs, with Duke Rodolph at
their head, then revolted from me; and the
Saxon Princes followed their example. These
united Powers were requested by the prisoner
to elect a new Emperor; and accordingly they
met at Tribur in the year 1076, to take coun-
cil together. The result of this meeting was,
the case being referred to the prisoner, he was
to be invited to a Congress at Augsburgh. To
various rigorous conditions imposed on me
they added, that I must forfeit the Kingdom, if
within the space of a year I was not restored
to the bosom of the Church, and delivered from
the Anathemas that lay on my head.
When things came to this extremity, and
grew worse and worse every day, I was ad-
vised to go into Italy and implore in person,
the clemency of the Roman Pontiff. I yielded
to the ignominious counsel, passed the Alps
amidst the rigor of a severe winter, and arri-
ved in the month of February, 1077. Imme-
diately I repaired to the fortress of Canusium,
where the prisoner, as the pretended sancti-
monious Vicar of Christ, at that time resided,
with a young woman named Matilda, Countess
of Tuscany, and the most powerful patroness
of bis church. At the entrance of this fortress
56
I stood three days in the open air, without the
least regard paid by the prisoner to my situa-
tion. My feet were bare, my head uncovered,
and my only raiment was a wretched piece of
coarse woollen cloth, which was thrown over
my body to cover my nakedness.
On the fourth day I was admitted into the
presence of the lordly Pontiff, who with much
difficulty granted me absolution, but he refused
to restore me to the throne till the congress met.
After this my eyes being enlightened to disco-
ver much of his wickedness, I opposed him
with force of arms to the utmost of my power.
I therefore was, by him excommunicated a se-
cond time, and Rodolph was declared lawful
Emperor. My arms however were yet victo-
rious; I slew Rodolph in battle and took the
Pope prisoner. But being betrayed by my
own son, I was compelled to resign my crown.
Basilaus II. King of Poland, sworn.
Q. Do you recollect the prisoner at the bar?
A. I do very well.
Q. What name do you know him by?
A. By the name of Pope Gregory VII.
Q. Did he ever presume to usurp authority
over you in Poland?
A. He did. I was legally elected to the
throne by the Nobles of Poland, and as regu-
larly crowned. But some time after, through
the death of one of his Bishops, the prisoner
not only excommunicated me with all the cir-
57
cumstances of infamy that he could invent, but
also hurled me from the throne, dissolved the
oath of allegiance which my subjects had ta-
ken, and by an express and imperious edict,
prohibited the Nobles and Clergy of Poland
from electing a new King without his con-
sent.*
Leopold, Duke of Austria, sworn.
Q. Did not the prisoner at the bar excom-
municate and anathematize you, claiming that
authority as Christ's Vicegerent on earth?
A. He did; he assumed the same power
over me as over all princes, arrogating to
himself this authority as the Vicar of Christ.
Q. What name did he go by when you
knew him?
A. By the name of Pope Celestine HI. he
went by that name, almost at the close of the
twelfth century.
Henry VI. Emperor, sworn.
Q. Were you not excommunicated and con-
demned by the prisoner, at the same time with
Leopold, Duke of Austria?
A. I was. The prisoner at the bar had sent
Richard I. King of England, to fight for him
in the Holy Land. But on his returning home,
Leopold and I seized and made him prisoner,
The consequence was, that we were both ex-
communicated together.
See DlugoBsi, Hist. Polon. torn, 1. p, 995,
58
Q. Did he do it in the name of the Vicar of
Christ?
A. He did.
Atphonso X. King of Galicia and Leon, sworn.
Q. Did not the prisoner at the bar excom-
municate and anathematize you, by the name
of Pope Celestine III?
A. He [did; it was on account of a marri-
age, into which I had entered.
John, King of England, sworn.
Q. Of what religion are you?
A. I have long professed the Roman Catho-
lic religion, though I have differed much from
the prisoner on account of his base conduct
towards me.
Q. Will you relate to the Court what you
know of the prisoner's assumed authority
over you, as the Vicar of Christ, &c.?
A. When I knew the prisoner he went by
the name of Pope Innocent III. At that time
he ordered the Monks of Canterbury to choose
one Stephen Langton, a cardinal, to be Arch-
bishop, after a regular election had been made
by the Convent and confirmed by me. I ob-
jected to his being received, and wrote to the
prisoner, informing him of the consequences,
in case he persisted in his demand. He then
sent orders to some of his Bishops to lay the
kingdom under an interdict, unless I received
Langton. Such was my ignorance of real
religion and the deluded -state of Europe, that
I was unwilling to break off entirely ray con-
nexion with him. I therefore agreed to con-
firm the election made at Rome, but not ma-
king such concessions as the prisoner de-
manded, the interdict was proclaimed, all the
places of worship were shut up for three years,
and the dead buried in the highways, with-
out the ordinary rites of interment.
This not producing the desired effect, he
denounced a sentence of excommunication
against me in the year 1208. This was fol-
lowed about three years after, by another
Bull, absolving all my subjects from their oath
of allegiance, and ordering all persons to
avoid me on pain of the same displeasure. But
in the year 1212, he assembled a Council of
his Cardinals and Prelates, deposed me, and
declared the throne of England vacant,
He then wrote to the King of France to under-
take the conquest of Britain, and unite it to his
for ever. At the same time he sent out anoth-
er Bull, exhorting all Christian Princes to
second the expedition, promising all who did,
the same Indulgence he had granted for fight-
ing against the infidels.
The French Monarch obeyed the prisoner,
and collected a large army for the invasion,
while I did all I could to repel it. But when
at Dover, I met his artful legate, he so terrifi-
ed me, by the report he gave me of the
strength of the French army, and the disaf-
60
fection of my own, that I agreed to a shameful
submission, and resigned my crown to the
legate. I then took an oath of obedience,
and delivered up my kingdom to the Papal
jurisdiction. I was also obliged to promise,
for myself and heirs, to pay an annual sum
of seven hundred marks for England, and
three hundred marks for Ireland, and that in
case any of my successors should refuse to own
the Pope's supremacy over England, or should
object to pay the submission then required,
they should forfeit their right to the British
crown. In doing homage to the Pope, before
his representative, the legate, I presented a
large sum of money, which he trampled, with
all the arrogance possible, under his feet, as a
mark of my dependence; but not satisfied with
this, he retained my crown and sceptre five
days, and then gave them to me, as a special
gift from the prisoner, then called his Holiness
Sie Pope of Rome.
Cross-examined by Mr. Jesuit.
Q. Did you not publicly declare, when you
signed the conditions on which you received
the crown, that you had neither been compell-
ed to this measure, by fear or by force, but
that it was your own voluntary act, done by
the advice of the Barons of the Kingdom?
A. I acknowledge I did sign such a declara-
tion, but my long resistance proves it was
never my voluntary act. The Barons also
61
despised me for what I did. But such was the
confused state of things in England, that I
was glad to sign any thing.
Philip, Duke of Sudbia, sworn.
Q. Was there riot a dispute between you
and Otho IV. respecting the right to the Em-
pire of Germany? And did not the prisoner at
the bar interfere on this occasion, arrogating
to himself authority, as Vicar of Christ, and
Sovereign of the World?
A. There was such a dispute, and the pris-
oner did presume to settle the same as Vicar
of Christ on Earth. He therefore thundered
out his excommunications against me, and
espoused the cause of Otho.
Q. What name did he go by then?
A. Pope Innocent III.
Otho IV. Emperor, sworn.
Q. Did the prisoner at the bar justify your
claim and establish you as an Emperor of
Germany, in opposition to Philip?
A. Yes. He sanctioned my claim and
supported it, till the death of Philip, which
happened in the year 1209, after which he
excommunicated and deposed me and placed
on the imperial throne, Frederic II. my pupil,
in the year 1212. The prisoner then went by
the name of Pope Innocent III.
6
ear
PhiKp Augustus, King of France, sworn*
Q. Do you know the prisoner at the bar,
and by what najfue was he called when you
knew him?
A. I knew him well. He went by the
name of Pope Innocent III.
Q. Were you not anathematized and ex-
communicated by him?
A. I was, for a divorce from Ingerburg, a
%tg ^_ Princess of Denmark*-
Frederic II. Emperor, sworn.
Q. Did you not take a very active part in
the wars in Palestine, known by the name of
tile Crusades?
A. Yes. I had the command of an army
given to me by the prisoner at the bar, when
he went by the name of Pope Gregory IX. I
set-- out en the expedition, in the year 1228*
and was crowned King of Jerusalem.
Q. Did not the prisoner excommunicate
you, under the pretext of disobedience to his
authority as Vicar of Christ?
A. He did, by different names. First,
when he assumed the title of Pope Gregory
IX. because I delayed to go on his expedition;
which bull was drawn up in the most indecent
and outrageous language. But I was so de-
voted to the service of the prisoner, that I
set out, and arrived with a large army in the
Holy Land, in the year 1228. But how
great was my surprise when I heard, that
63
after my departure, this pretended Vicar of
Christ, had made war against me in Apulia,
and was using his utmost efforts to arm all the
European powers to join him. As soon as I
heard of these perfidious and violent pro-
ceedings, T returned to Europe in the year-
1229, defeated the Papal army and retook the
places I had lost in Sicily and Italy. After
this I was induced to make peace with the
prisoner, and he gave me public absolution.
This peace, however, was but of a short
duration; for it was not possible that I coukl
long bear the insolent proceedings, and the
Imperious temper of this headstrong pontiff.
I broke therefore all alliance with him and
was no longer considered friendly to his am-
bitious authority. This with other steps,
that were equally provoking to his avarice and
ambition, drew the thunders of the Vatican
anew upon my head, in the year 1239. He
therefore excommunicated me publicly, with
all the circumstances of severity that vindictive
xage could invent and I was charged with the
most flagitious crimes and impious blasphe-
mies, by the outrageous pontiff. He then
sent a copy of this terrible accusation to all
the courts of Europe, while my victorious
arms maintained my ground and reduced him
to the greatest straits.
To get rid of these difficulties, under
which the prisoner labored through his am-
iiition { he convened in ihe year 1240, a general
council at Rome, with a view to depose me
by the unanimous suffrages of his Cardinals
and Prelates, that were to compose that
assembly. But I disconcerted that audacious
project by defeating, in the year 1241, a
Genoese fleet; on board of which the greatest
part of these Prelates were embarked. I com-
mitted to confinement these reverend Fathers,
seized all their treasures, w r hich disappoint-
ment, attended with others, so dejected the
prisoner, that he changed his name to that of
Celestine IV.
He had scarcely assumed this new title,
before he claimed another, that of Pope Inno-
cent IV. but although he had altered his ap-
pellation, his arrogance and fury remained the
same. However, by this new name, he pro-
posed terms of peace, but they were too im-
perious and extravagant, not to be rejected
with indignation. The prisoner, not thinking
his person safe in any part of Italy, set out
for Genoa, and afterwards for Lyons, in the
year 1244. Here he assembled a council
the following year, when he deposed me, and
declared the imperial throne vacant.
This unjust and insolent measure was re-
garded with such veneration, and looked upon
as so weighty by the German Princes, who
were blinded and seduced by the superstition
of the times, that they proceeded instantly to
a new election. Henry, Landgrave of Thu-
ringia, was therefore first elected, and after
his death William, Count of Holland, to 'the
head of the Empire. Far from being dejected
by these cruel vicissitudes, I continued to
carry on the war in Italy, and oppose the pri-
soner to the utmost of my power, until a vio-
lent dysentery disabled me from taking the
command of the army, on the 13th of Decem-
ber, 1250, in Apulia.
Cross-examined by Counsellor Quibble.
Q. You say, that Innocent IV. proposed
conditions of peace, that were too imperious
for you to submit to? Do you know what they
were?
A. Yes, I certainly do, very well.
Q. What were they?
A. The preliminary conditions were, First,
That I should give up entirely to the Church,
the inheritance which was left to it by Matil-
da: And Secondly, That I should oblige my-
self to submit to whatever terms the Pope, or
prisoner at the bar, should think fit to propose,
as conditions of peace.
Philip, King of France^ sworn*
Q. What name did the prisoner at the bar
assume when you knew him?
A. Several. I knew him when he was called
Pope Boniface VIII. Pope Benedict XL and
Pope Clement V.
Q. Will you relate to the court what you
knew of him in France, during your reign?
6*
66
A. About the beginning of the fourteenth
century, when the prisoner was known by the
title of Pope Boniface VIII. he sent me one of
the haughtiest letters imaginable, in which he
asserted that I, with all other Kings and
Princes whatever, were obliged by a divine
command, to submit to the authority of the
Pope, in all political and civil matters, as well
as religious. I answered him in terms expres-
sive of contempt. He rejoined with more ar-
rogance than ever, and in that famous bull,
Unam Sanctam, which he puplished at this
time, he asserted, that Christ Jesus had grant-
ed a two-fold power to the Church, or the
-spiritual and temporal sword to him. And
also, that he had subjected the whole human
race to his authority, as Roman Pontiff, and
that whoever dared to disbelieve it, were to be
deemed heretics, and stood excluded from all
possibility of salvation.* And he maintained,
in express terms, that the Universal Church
was under his dominions; and that Princes
and Lay-patrons, Councils and Chapters, had
no more power in spiritual things than what
they derived from him as Vicar of Christ.
I then assembled together the Peers of
France, in the year 1303. And although se-
veral Princes had failed in the attempt to check
his ambition, I resolved to try. I ordered
William de Nogaret, a celebrated lawyer, to
This Bull is yet extant in the Corpus Juris Canon. Extrava-
g&ns Com. Lib. i. tit. De majoritate et obedientio.
67
draw up accusations against him, publicly
charging him with heresies, simony, and many
vices, demanding a Council to depose such an
execrable Pope. Immediately after this he
excommunicated me and all my adherents.
Far from being terrified by any papal thun-
der, I again assembled the states of the king-
dom, to sit hi judgment upon him. After
which I sent William de J^ogaret, the lawyer,
to seize him and bring him a prisoner to Ly-
ons. Boniface, who then lived in perfect se-
curity at Anagni, was taken agreeable to
order, by this resolute man; but being rescued
by the inhabitants, he soon changed his name,
through the illness, occasioned by the rage
into which the lawyer had thrown him.
Empetor Sigismond, sworn.
Q. Do you not profess the Roman Cath-
olic Religion?
A. I have long professed to be a Roman
Catholic, and I confess I have been so deluded,
that I have even worshipped the prisoner at
the bar.
Q. Do you recollect attending a rebellious
convention, called the Council of Constance,
convened by the prisoner?
A. I do. It was at Constance, was open-
ed in the year 1414, and sat about three years
and a half. .
Q. Do you know the reason assigned for
calling this Council?
68
A. I do. It was to heal the divisions
which had long rent the church. But there
were others.
Q. Will you relate to the court, some of
the principal disorders that were then thought
to require a remedy?
A. I Will. When I came to the imperial
throne, I found the Church called after the
name of the prisoner, divided into two great
factions, and was governed by two who pro-
fessed to be the Pontiff and Vicar of Christ.
The prisoner, then at Rome, went by the name
of Pope Boniface IX. and the other who resi-
ded at Avignon by that of Pope Benedict XIII.
Soon after this, the prisoner assumed a new
title, that of Pope Innocent VII. and in
about two years after another, and was called
Pope Gregory XII. Benedict being besieged
in Avignon, by the King of France, escaped
first to Catalonia and afterwards to Perpignan,
but did not relinquish his pretensions to the
Popedom.
A plan of reconciliation was however form-
ed and the two contending Pontiffs bound
themselves, each by an oath, to make a vol-
untary renunciation of the papal chair, if ne-
cessary for the peace and welfare of the
church. This agreement they violated in the
most scandalous manner. Eight or nine Car-
dinals deserted Benedict, on account of his
place of residence, and united themselves to
the others who espoused the claim of the pris-
69
oner, when they agreed to assemble a council
in Pisa, on the 25th of March, 1409. This as-
sembly accordingly met, on the 5th of June,
pronounced a heavy sentence of condemnation
on both their names, for being guilty of her-
esy, perjury and various other crimes. They
also declared them unworthy of the smallest
honor or respect.
But however strange it may appear to the
Court, they proceeded to elect the prisoner,
by a new title known in the papal list, by the
name of Pope Alexander V. which so far from
promoting peace in the Empire, divided the
people into three divisions and hurled all Eu-
rope into confusion. The King of France
and several other Princes labored with me
to restore tranquillity; I requested the prisoner
to call a council, who having in about a year,
assumed the appellation of Pope John XIII.
he consented, and accordingly issued out his
summons to meet at Constance in the month
of November, 1414-
Before the meeting of this council, there were
great commotions in several parts of Europe,
but more especially in Bohemia, about re-
ligion. There was one John Huss, once a
Priest under the prisoner, and Professor of
Divinity in the University of Prague, who
preached with great freedon against the su-
premacy, government, vices and wickedness
of the prisoner and his Clergy, against whom
70
he manifested the firmest opposition. He
was a man of the highest reputation for the
purity of his doctrine and life, so that no other
charge could be brought to oppose him but
his opposition to the prisoner's authority.
The Archbishop of Prague and the Clergy in
general were so greatly incensed, that they
brought an accusation against him before the
prisoner and he was excommunicated in the
year 1410.
Huss, however, continued to preach in the
same manner and many embracing his doc-
trine, he was ordered to repair to the Council
at Constance, to answer to the charges
brought against him. I knew well that his
appearance would be attended with danger
to his person, as I was confident that he had
many enemies to encounter with. I there-
fore granted him a safe conduct to Constance,
security while he continued there and every
protection on his return, on his consenting to
attend; all of which I promised in the most
solemn manner. He obeyed the summons
and vindicated his conduct before the Council
in a manner that greatly surprised his adver-
saries. But, he was declared to be an heretic,
was cast into prison, and condemned to be
burnt. I pleaded my solemn promise to se-
cure him from injury, but it was over-ruled:
when, to satisfy my guilty conscience, and
remove every impediment out of the way in
71
future, a law was framed, that Faith must not
be kept with heretics* He was therefore burnt
on the 6th of July, 1415.
Q. Was there not another also condemned
by the same Council and burnt at the same
place?
A. Yes. His name was Jerome of Prague,
John Huss's companion and friend, who ac-
companied him to Constance, with the design
of supporting his persecuted friend. He was
burnt on the 30th of May following.
Q. Did you violate your oath, because that
Council, or rebellious Convention, formed that
infamous decree, in the name of the Vicar of
Christ?
A. I confess I was awfully deluded. I
knew nothing of the laws and statutes of the
Sovereign of heaven. They were hid by his
Priests from me. Could I only have seen
the consequences that followed, it is more than
probable I should never have violated my
promise, as a civil war was kindled, and the
Bohemians revolting, maintained and defended
their opinions, by arms as well as arguments.
Q. As you were present at that council, or
disaffected assembly, will you relate to the
court what you know of the reasons why the
prisoner changed his name during the time the
council sat?
A. When he yielded to my entreaty, as I
before noticed,' he summoned the council, by
*Council of Constance, Sess. xix.
72
the name of Pope John XXIII. but after the
assembly met, they decreed, that the names
of Benedict XII. Gregory XII. and John
XXIII. should be branded with infamy and
contempt, especially the one by which the
council was collected, for having among
other things laid to his charge, maintained
openly and obstinately, that the souls of men
die as the souls of beasts; and that there
is neither heaven nor hell.* It was then
agreed that the prisoner should be elected by
a new and better title, which was done accor-
dingly, and he assumed that of Pope Martin
V. Vicar of Christ and prince of the Apostles.
And I confess that being deluded by him I
kneeled down, kissed his feet and worshipped
him.
Q. Do you recollect his sending ambassa-
dors to Constantinople by this name, with
some particular instructions?
A. I do.
Q. Do you know the prisoner's hand wri-
ting?
A. I do. -
Q. Did you ever see this paper before? (A
paper was produced to this witness.)
A. I have; it was written by the prisoner,
by the name of Pope Martin V.
The paper was then read, it was the instruc-
tions of the ambassadors sent to Constantino-
ple: the beginning of which will shew the
*See Council of Constance, Sess. xi.
73
the impiety and leave no doubt on the mind?
of any, if he had usurped the dignity arid
titles of our beloved Sovereign or not. It
was as follows:
"The MOST HOLY and MOST BLESSED, who
" hath the Heavenly Empire, who is LORD on
" earth, the MASTER or THE UNIVERSAL WORLD,
" the FATHER OP KINGS, the LIGHT OF THE
" WORLD, the MOST HIGH AND SOVEREIGN
" BISHOP, MARTIN, by divine providence com-
" mandeth unto Master Anthony Mason," &c.
Here the people appeared filled with indig-
nation, and were so irritated, that the court
could not proceed for several minutes. And
it is probable, the prisoner would have been
dragged from the dock, and have become the
object of the vindictive rage of the populace,
but for the Lord Chief Justice, who after
obtaining silence observed, that however
hideous and numerous the offences of the
prisoner might be, it was just that he should
have a fair and legal trial.
Mr. Historical Truth again called.
Q. Do you know the hand- writing of the
prisoner by the name of Pope Martin V.
A. I am well acquainted with it.
Q. Is this his writing? (Here it was shown
him.)
A. It is.
Q. (From a Juror.) Did you ever see it
printed?
7
74
A. I have. It is inserted in the Council o
Siena, held a little after, and was printed in
s, in- the year 1612-
Louis XII. Kino; of France, sworn*
B ~ *> t
Q. Look at the prisoner at the bar. Have
you been acquainted with him?
A. I have been acquainted with him. He
lived at Rome when I knew him and was call-
ed Pope Julius II. Vicar of Christ and Prince
of the Apostles.
Q,. Did he not by this name assume a mili-
tary appearance, and look more like a Warri-
or tj^an a Priest?
A. He did. His delight was in carnage
and blood.
Q* Was it to support his usurped authority
lie became a warrior?
A. The reason he appeared as a military
Pontiff, was not only to support what power
and authority he had unjustly acquired, but
to extend his territories and government over
all nations and kingdoms, agreeable to his
title, Prince over all Nations and Kingdoms,
Q. Will you relate to the Court, what you
recollect of his character and conduct, as the
pretended Vicegerent of Christ.
A. When I first became acquainted with
him I understood that it was common for him
every few years if not weeks, to assume a
new title. He therefore had been known by
a prodigious number of names before he went
75
by that of Julius II. By this name he was
guilty of the most odious vices too detestable
to be named, but which he committed without
the least limitation or restraint. To his truly
horrid list of vices, I must add, the most sav-
age ferocity, audacious arrogance and the
most extravagant passion for war. He there-
fore lived in camps, amidst the din of arms,
and was ever ambitious for that fame which
is acquired from battles won and cities laid
desolate.
The prisoner had kept a standing army, to
fight his battles, from the year 1054, when
he was known by the name of Pope Leo JX-
and often laid towns and villages in ruins, and
deluged nations in human gore.
By the name of Julius, he entered on his
military enterprise by declaring war against
the Venitians, and being strengthened by the
Emperor, in alliance with me, he afterwards
laid siege to Fcrara* After this he turned his
arms against France, and engaged the Veni-
tians, Spaniards and Swiss to support him in
this campaign. In short the whole time he
went by this name, was one continual scene
of military tumult, nor did he allow Europe
to enjoy a moment's tranquillity.
Q. Did you not endeavor to check his
military career and set bounds to his ambition
after the alliance was broken between you
;and him?
A. I did. For although I had been deluded
into his religious opinions, and was consider-
ed a Roman Catholic, yet provoked by this
arrogant Pontiff I resolved to turn my arms
against him, and if possible overthrow the
power of Rome. That my design might be
clearly understood, I ordered a medal to be
struck with a menacing . inscription, repre-
senting Rome by the title X>f Babylon on the
coin.
Several Cardinals also, encouraged by the
protection of the Emperor Maximilian I. and
rne, assembled a council at Pisa in the year
1511, with the design of setting bounds to
the prisoner, so formidable by this warlike
name. He on the other hand, gave orders
for a council to meet in the palace-of the Later-
an in the year 1512, in which the decrees of
the Council of Pisa were condemned and an-
nulled, in the most injurious and insulting
terms. He likewise prepared to proclaim his
^usurped power as the Vicar of Christ, and
thunder out the most dire and tremendous
anathemas on my head, but which he had
scarcely accomplished before he was compell-
ed to change this audacious name, in the midst
of his ambitious and vindictive career.*
Henry VIII. King of England, sworn.
Q Are you the same King Henry that re-
ceived from the prisoner the title of Defender
of the Faith?
* See Father Paul's Hist. Council Trent, P. 3. Mosh. EC. Hist,
A. I am.
Q. How came he to bestow on you that
title?
A. At the time I owned his supremacy in
England, I wrote a book against Luther and
the Reformation in Germany. This I pub-
lished in the year 1521 with intent to defend
the power and government of the Roman
Pontiff. He then in return gave me the title,
which has been used from that day.
Q. Did he not after this, anathematize, ex-
communicate and deprive you for rejecting
his supremacy in England.
A. He did. Being instructed in the prin-
ciples of popery, I constantly looked to the
prisoner's absolving power and unlimited in-_
dulgences. In the year 1533, I published a
divorce with Queen Catharine, and married
Anna Boleyn, without his consent: not but he
would have granted my request, however
criminal in its nature, but for fear of displeas-
ing the Emperor of Germany, to whom Catha-
rine was aunt. The prisoner then gave
judgment against me, not for doing what I
did, but for doing it without his authority as
Vicar of Christ.
This proved the cause of my separation
from him, for in the beginning of the year
1534, I issued out an edict, rejecting his
supremacy, forbidding any of my subjects to
carry any money to Rome, or pay the Peter's
pence, (a common tax laid on countries that
7*
78
acknowledge the Roman Pontiff's authority.)
I soon after chased out of England, all the
collectors of this tax, and otherwise injured
the coffers of the prisoner at the bar.
Q. What name did the prisoner go by
then?
A. By the name of pope Clement VII. Af-
terwards Pope Paul III. By this name he
issued out his thunderbolt of excommunication,
to deprive me of the kingdom, all my subjects
of whatever they possessed, and to anathema-
tize all my adherents. He also commanded
all my subjects to deny me obedience, stran-
gers to take up arms against me and my
people, promising all who did, our property
for a prey, and our persons for slaves.
Q. In what year was this Bull issued.
A. On the 17th of December, in the year
1538.
Joan, Queen of Navarre, sworn.
Q. Did not the prisoner at the bar presume
to arrogate authority over you as Vicar of
Christ on earth?
A. He did. During the sitting of the
Council of Trent, he frequently designed to
accuse me as a favorer of heretics, but as he
met with some opposition from the Emperor's
Ambassadors in the case of Queen Elizabeth
of England, he omitted to bring the cause into
the Council: but in the year 1563, he caused
a citation to be affixed on the gate of St.
79
Peter's Church in Rome, and other public
places against me. Ordered me within six
months to appear before his tribunal, to de-
fend myself, and shew cause why I should not
be deprived of all my dignities, states and do*
minions: my marriage made void, and my
children illegitimate. And also incurred other
penalties, declared by the canon against here-
tics. He was then called Pope Pius IV. I
did not obey his orders, the King of France
protected me.*
Elizabeth, Queen of England, sworn
Q. Are you not Queen of England.
A. I am. I was crowned Queen after the
death of my cruel half-sister Mary, in the
year 1558.
Q. Did the prisoner at the bar exercise
any authority over you as the pretended Vicar
of Christ?
A. He did. I had seen so much of the
tyranny and cruel conduct of the prisoner
during the reign of Mary, that I could not
but detest both his name and government.
However, my sister's ambassador being yet
at Rome, he was ordered to make it known
that I had ascended to the throne.
The prisoner, tnen called Pope Paul IV.
according to his usual arrogance, declared
that England was held in fee to the Apostolic
See of Rome, and I could not succeed, as he
Council of Trent, p, 794.
80
had by the name of Clement VII. and Paul III.
declared me illegitimate. He also asserted,
that it was great boldness in me to assume
the government of England without his con-
sent; but said that as he was always desirous
to shew a fatherly affection, if I would re-
nounce my pretensions, and leave it entirely
to him, he would do all he could for me with
honor to the Apostolic See.
I treated his pretended fatherly affection
with that contempt it merited. The Parlia-
ment met. All the laws made by Mary in
favor of the Popish religion were abolished.
The prisoner's Supremacy denied, Images
taken out of the churches and the revenues
arising from monasteries under the power of
Rome, forfeited to the nation. I was then
considered a heretic, yet such was his dis-
sembling conduct, that in the year 1560, he
invited me and my Bishops to attend the
Council of Trent. This he did when he was
called by the name of Pope Pius IV.*
After this he grew outrageous, and would
have proceeded against me in this Council, in
the year 1563, but was prevented by the am-
bassadors of the Emperor. However he issued
out his Bull to anathematize and excommuni-
cate me and to deprive me of my Crown,
Dominions and Title, and to absolve all my
subjects from their allegiance. He also
*See Council of Trent p. 436-
-
pretended to raise Ireland to an Independent
Kingdom, and many other things highly preju-
dicial to the British Nation. He issued out
his Bulls in the name of Vicar of Christ, Prince
over all Nations and kingdoms, and arroga-
ted authority both in heaven and earth.
Q. Did he change his name again, after he
had assumed that of Pope Pius IV?
A. Yes, several times. His Bull to deprive
me, was signed by the name of Pope Pius V.
and afterwards by that of Pope Gregory XIII.
Henry III. King of France, sworn.
Q. Are you Henry HI. sovereign of France,
who was assassinated by one of the prisoner's
emissaries called a Monk?
A. I am. The Monk's name was Clement.
Q. When did you ascend the throne of
France?
A. On the death of my brother, who is
known in history by the name of the sanguin-
ary Charles IX. I had previous to my ascen~
sion to the crown of France, been chosen King
of Poland, but hearing of my brother's death,
I with difficulty escaped to France, and quietly
took possession of the throne, by the name
of Henry III.
Q. Were you not King, when what was
called the Holy League was formed by several
princes under the government of the prisoner,
to attempt to annihilate the people called Hu-
gonots from off the face of the earth, and at
82
(he head of whom was that noted agent of the
prisoner, who spilt rivers of human blood, the
Duke of Guise?*
A. I was. I remember the league called
the Holy League, and recollect the infamous
conduct of the Duke of Guise.
Q. Were you supposed to favor the Hugo-
nots or Protestants, in opposition to the orders
of the prisoner, and the league of the princes?
A. Yes,* and the consequence was, one
Clement, a Monk, under the authority of the
prisoner, assassinated me in the year 1589;
and the common report throughout Europe
was, that I died of the wound.
Q. Do you believe that what this priest did
was by the order of, and with the prisoner's
approbation?
A. I do believe itj for when he was known
by the title of Pope Sixtus V. he delivered a
famous oration, in which he applauded this
act of the Monk, as both admirable and me-
ritorious.^
Henry TV. King of France, sworn.
Q. Did you succeed Henry III. to the throne
of France?
* Historians inform us, that in the civil wars on account of
religion, above 1,000,000 of lives were lost, 150,000,000 livres
spent; and 9 cities, 400 villages, 2000 churches, 2000 monaste-
ries, and 10,000 houses were burnt or otherwise destroyed. Vide
Guth. Geog. Franco.
t See Spirit of Popery, chap. viii. and Sir R. Steele'a Rom,
EocL Hist. No. III. IV,
83
A. I did.
Q. Did the prisoner at the bar manifest
considerable opposition to you, after you came
to the throne?
A. He did. I professed to be an enemy to
his government, and he viewed me as a heretic.
The consequence was, I had to wade through
innumerable difficulties, and was often driven
with my little court to the greatest distress for
the common necessaries of life. The prisoner
wished one of the Cardinals to be proclaimed
King, and the princes in league with him,
(through my being considered a Hugonot,)
appeared ready to obey his mandate. I there-
fore had to dispute every inch of ground with
their combined forces, but at last was estab-
lished on the throne.
Q. Were you not compelled to own the
authority of the prisoner, and profess to be a
Roman Catholic?
A. I was. I had experienced such a variety
of successful and unsuccessful events, and had
so many enemies to encounter with that I was
led into this measure from what was recom-
mended to me as prudent, my religion being
the only obstacle in the way of the enjoyment
of the crown of France in peace. Thus de-
luded. I went publicly to mass, and with great
difficulty obtained absolution from the prison-
er. This however produced wonders among
the people; all France submitted to my scep-
tre, and I had only Spain to contend with,
84
which was soon silenced by my victorious
army.
Q. Was it not supposed afterwards that
your profession of attachment to the prisoner's
government was not sincere, and that you
relapsed again into heresy?
A. It was. Having re-established tranquil-
lity among my people, I caused an edict to be
proclaimed, to secure my old friends the Pro-
testants the free exercise of their religion,
which decree is known as the Edict of Nantes.
The prisoner was much offended at this, and
afterwards I was assassinated in the streets
of Paris, by one of his domestic servants, one
Ravilliac, a Friar, in the year 1610. A corpse
was interred which all France was given to
understand was mine, and from the .report of
this, the prisoner supposed I was really dead.
James I. King of England, sworn.
Q. Have you any knowledge of the prisoner
at the bar as Pope of Rome?
A. Ijhave.
Q. By what name was he called when you
knew him?
A. By several; but when he was called
Pope Clement IX. I took the most notice of
him.
Q. Did he not publish a Bull against you
previous to your being crowned King of Eng-
land, with intent to deprive you of your right
to the throne?
85
A. He did. He well knew that when I
came to the throne, I would never allow
Popery to be encouraged in England, and that
I would oppose his rebellious arms when I
was established. He therefore issued out a
Bull to exclude me from my right to the crown,
and commanded all the English Romanists to
do their utmost to keep out the Scottish her-
etic, as he called me: And that I might not
in any wise be admitted to the kingdom* of
England, unless I would be reconciled to his
supremacy, receive my crown from his hands,
and conform myself and all my subjects to the
Popish religion.*
Q. Did he publish this Bull or rebellious
proclamation in the presumed title of Vicar of
Christ, and Prince over all Nations?
A. He did. He always acted in that cha-
racter before and after I came to the throne.
The generality, if not all of his Bulls, are
issued forth in direct conformity to and with
the injunctions and decisions of his conven-
tions of rebels, called General Councils, of
which the prisoner is chairman.
Q. When did you begin your reign in Eng-
land?
A. In the month of March, in 'the year of
our Lord 1603. But his Bull was published
full two years before.
Q. Was there not a scheme laid by a con-
*Carte's Ormond, vol. i. p. 33.
8
86
giderable number of traitors belonging to the
society that is headed by the prisoner, to des-
troy you and both houses of Parliament by
gunpowder, soon after you came to the
throne?
A. There was. It will long be remembered
by Protestants, and is known in history as the
Gunpowder Plot.
I had ordered both houses of Parliament to
assemble on the 5th of November, in the year
1605. The Queen also and Prince of Wales
were expected to be present, and I, agreeable
to my duty to deliver a speech from the throne.
Under the Parliament house was a vault, into
which they had conveyed thirty-six barrels of
gunpowder, which were carefully concealed
under faggots and piles of wood. This horrid
conspiracy was kept a secret for near eighteen
months, the conspirators being all sworn with
what ie called a sacramental oath. However,
the kind providence of our most gracious So-
vereign defeated their dark, diabolical designs,
in such a visible manner, as to make it evident
that the Lord reigned.
About ten days before the long wished for
meeting of Parliament, I received notice of the
malicious plot, but search was purposely delay-
ed till the night immediately preceding the
assembly. A magistrate then with proper
officers entered the vault, and found there one
Guy Fa.wkes, who had just finished all his
horrid preparations, with matches and every
87
thing proper in his pocket to set fire to the
train. He was immediately seized, when his
countenance betrayed the savage disposi-
tion of his heart. He afterwards regretted'
that he had lost the opportunity of destroying
so many heretics and made a full discovery.
He with a number of other conspirators
were executed in different parts of England,
among whom was a particular emissary of the
prisoner, one Garnet, a Jesuit; and so delu-
ded were other rebels who survived him, that
they fancied miracles wrought by his blood,
and in Spain he is considered a martyr. I
have very briefly related their destructive plot,
and the merciful deliverance of Almighty God.
But, from which, it must evidently appear,
that the prisoner's orders were obeyed by
such as were connected with him in England,
and that agreeable to his Bull, they did their
utmost to deprive me of my throne, when they
planned the destruction of my person, family,
and Protestant Parliament.
Cross-Examined by Counsellor Quibble.
Q. Are you sure, that the prisoner at the
bar was concerned in this plot, or that it was
a popish plot?
A. I am certain that he was the ringleader
of the conspirators, and that Roman Catholics
only were concerned in it.
Q. You know that reports are very contra-
dictory respecting the manner of its being
88
discovered. Some say that a Roman Catho-
lic peer, (Lord Mounteagle) received a letter
desiring him to shift off his attendance in
parliament, and who not being able to explain
its contents brought it to you. Others that
Henry TV. King of France communicated it
to you, and many deny that the prisoner knew
any thing of it. Can you tell by what chan-
nel you received the information?
A. The channel through which I received
the intelligence cannot invalidate the fact.
The prisoner published his orders to the Ro-
man Catholics in England, and commanded
them to do their utmost to deprive me. What
was done was agreeable to his orders. They
who did it were all his own servants, and
before their execution they confessed their
guilt.
C/iarles VI. Emperor of Germany, sworn.
Q. Look at the prisoner at the bar. Have
you any knowledge of him?
A. I have. I recollect him by the name of
Pope Clement XI. and several other titles.
Q. Did he ever presume as the Vicar of
Christ, to make void and of no effect, any co-
venants or treaties which you made as Empe-
ror of Germany?
A. He did.
Q. Will you relate to the Court what treaty
he declared null and void, which you had con-
firmed?
A. After much human blood had been spih
on the continent to support the prisoners
thority, I executed the treaty of Alt' Radstadt,
and thereby confirmed certain privileges to
some of my Protestant subjects. And I also
entered into alliance with the Protestant princes
of the Empire. After which, the prisoner sent
a letter to me bearing date the 4th day of
June, 1712, wherein he wrote as follows, which
I will repeat.
" We by these presents denounce to your
" Majesty, and at the same time, by the au-
" thority committed to us by the Most Omrii-
** potent God, declare the above mentioned co-
" venants of the treaty of Alt' Radstadt, and
" every thing contained in it, which are any
" wise obstructive of, or hurtful to, or which
" may be said, esteemed, pretended, or under-
" stood to occasion, or to bring, or to have
" brought the least prejudice to, or any ways to
" hurt, or to have hurt the Catholic faith, di-
" vine worship, the salvation of souls, the au-
" thority, jurisdiction, or any rites of the
" Church whatsoever, together with all and sin-
" gular matters which have followed or may
'* at any time hereafter follow from them, to
" be, and to have been, and perpetually to re-
" main hereafter, dcjure, null, void, invalid, un-
" just, reprobated, and evacuated of all foree
" from the beginning; and that no person is
" bound to the observation of them, or any of
" them, although the same have been repeatedly
" ratified or secured bu an oath; and that they
8*
90
u neither could nor ought to have been, nor
" can, nor ought to be observed by any person
44 whatsoever." *
All the Princes being examined, the Attor-
ney General stated to the Court, that although
he had detained them a considerable time hi the
examination of so many Emperors and Sove-
reigns as witnesses on this important occa-
sion, yet the case was too momentous not to
demand the fullest investigation. And though
he now considered the overt act, of deposing
of Princes in the name of Christ's Vicar fully
proved, yet he was compelled to trouble the
Court a little longer on this subject, while one
or two other witnesses were examined, whose
testimony he considered to be too weighty to
pass by.
Mr. Hibernia Catholic, sworn.
Q. Do you recollect any thing respecting
an oath of allegiance, that was in contempla-
tion in the Irish Parliament, to be taken by
you and Irish Catholics, that required your
detestation of that dangerous and abominable
decree of the Council of Constance, which de-
clares, that Faith is not to be kept with heretics;
and that Princes deprived by the Pope, may
be deposed or murdered by their subjects?
A. Yes, I do. It was in the year 1768.
Q. Did the prisoner allow you to declare
* See Dr. Daigenan's Speech in the Imperial Parliament on the
Catholic Question, 1805.
91
your abhorrence of these pernicious principles,
in swearing allegiance to your King?
A. No, he would not. The Pope's Legate,
then at Brussels, wrote to us in the following
manner: " That the abhorrence and detesta-
" tion of the doctrine, that faith is not to be
" kept with heretics, and that Princes deprived
" by the Pope may be deposed or murdered
" by their subjects, as expressed in that pro-
" posed oath, are absolutely intolerable, as he
" states, those doctrines are defended and con-
u tended for by most catholic nations, and the
"Holy See has frequently followed them in
" practice. On the whole, he states, that as
" the oath is in its whole extent unlawful, so
" in its nature, it is invalid, null, and of no
'* effect, in so much as that it can by no means
" bind or oblige the conscience."*
Q. Did he presume to promise you what he
calls indulgences, for your disobedience to his
commands as Christ's Vicegerent on earth?
" Yes. In a prayer book I commonly use,
called Catholic Piety, you may see as follows:
" Pope Clement XIV. the 5th day of April,
" 1772, granted an Indulgence of seven years
" and seven quarantines, to all the Catholics
" of this kingdom, as often as they devoutly
" repeat the Acts of Contrition, or Faith, Hope,
" and Charity: the daily practice of which is
" most earnestly recommended to the faithful,
" as an excellent form of prayer. This INDUL-
*Dr. Duigenan's Speech.
92
M GENCE may be applied to the relief of souls in
" Purgatory."
Mr. Historical Truth being further examin-
ed, confirmed the several testimonies given.
Q. As your knowledge of the prisoner is
more general than that of any individual wit-
ness yet examined, have you taken notice of
any other circumstances not related, respect-
ing his assuming power over Kings and Prin-
ces, as the Vicar of Christ, &c?
A. I have. I have taken notice of several
Emperors and Princes whom he has deposed,
whose names are not particularly mentioned
in the indictment. He has ever acted, as far
as circumstances would permit, on this perni-
cious and tyrannical maxim, which he has
carefully and constantly inculcated, " That the
Bishop of Rome is the supreme Lord of the
Universe, and that neither Princes nor Bish-
ops, Civil Governors, or Ecclesiastical Rulers,
have any lawful power in church or state, but
what they derive from him." He therefore
distributed crowns and nations to the subjects
of his pleasure, and not only usurped the des-
potic government of his church, but also
claimed the empire of the world, and thought
of nothing less than subjecting all the Kings
and Princes of the earth to his lordly sceptre.
When called Pope Innocent III. he disposed
in Asia and Europe of crowns with the most
wanton ambition. In Asia he gave a king to
the Armenians. In Europe, in the year 1204,
93
he conferred the regal dignity on Primisldus,
Duke of Bohemia, and the same year sent an
extraordinary Legate to invest Johanicius,
Duke of Burgaria and Walachia, with the en-
signs and honors of royalty, while with his
own hands he crowned Peter II. of Arragon,
who had rendered his dominions subject and
tributary to his government. He gave a rare
specimen of Papal presumption, under the title
of Pope Alexander VI. when he divided South
America between the Spaniards and Portu-
guese. It is truly astonishing how many
princes were duped by him. Henry II. king
of England, submitted to be whipped by-
monks at Beckett's tomb, by order of the pri-
soner. Many examples I might give of his
pretensions to universal dominion, which Eu-
rope beheld with astonishment, and to its
eternal reproach, with the ignominious silence
of a blind passive obedience.
Q. Has the prisoner any regular articles of
allegiance or faith, to which he requires the
subscription of those who acknowledge him as
Vicar of Christ?
A. He has. The present are such as were
made when he was called Pope Pius IV. part
of which is as follows: " I do acknowledge the
" Holy Catholic and Apostolic Roman Church,
" to be the Mother and Mistress of all Church-
" es, and I do promise and swear obedience to
" the Bishop of Rome, the successor of St
94
" Peter, the Prince of the Apostles, and Vicar
" of Jesus Christ."
Q. Will you relate to the court what you
know of the assumed power of such as are
connected w r ith, and who receive their autho-
rity from him, as Christ's Vicegerent on earth,
as Cardinals, Priests, &c.?
A. I took notes of what several of them
have published to the world, and I recollect
that Peter de Besse, a priest, wrote a book,
which he called The Royal Priesthood, and
that in the second chapter he thus speaks: " St.
" Peter addeth, that all Priests are Kings, in
" token whereof they w r ear the crown." And
in the third chapter he says, " The Priesthood
" and the Godhead are in some things to be
" paralleled, and are almost of equal great-
u ness, since they have equal power." Again
he adds, " Seeing that the Priesthood walketh
' O
" hand in hand with the Godhead, and that
"Priests are Gods, it goes far beyond the
u kingly power, and priests are far above
" kings." And he then calls them " masters of
" kings, surpassing as much in dignity the
* royal office, as the soul surpasses the
" body!"
He then declares, what he had taken from
the writings of Cardinal Baronius, " Incredi-
" ble things, but yet true, that the power of
" the priests is so great and their excellency
** so noble, that heaven depends upon them."
95
In the same place, comparing priests with
Joshua, he saith, "Joshua stopped but the sun,
" but these stay Christ, being in heaven in the
" midst of an altar. The creature obeyed the
" first, but the Creator obeys the last, the sun
" the one, and God the other, as often as they
" pronounce the sacred words." On the whole
he concludes, that " Whatever God is in hea-
" ven, the priest is the same on earth."
Q. Did this priest publish this to the world
as the sentiments of an individual, or was it
generally understood, that priests in general
have this authority delegated to them by the
prisoner at the bar?
A. Priests derive all their power from him,
and act by his commission. As a proof that
the sentiments I have delivered from this one,
are such as are received by men of this de-
scription, when this book was published in
Paris, the approbation of the Faculty of Divi-
nity was given to the whole, and prefixed in
the front of the book. This body of men act
in conjunction with the prisoner.
Q. (From a Juror.) Did you ever hear
others speak in like manner?
A. Yes. I have heard many declare as
bad, if not worse.
Q. Did any of them write the same?
A. They did. Gabriel Biel, another Priest,
said, that "the Angels, citizens of heaven,
" dare not aspire to the authority of the Priest-
" hood:" and again, " Passing by the bands of -
** Angels, let us come to the Queen of heaven
** and Lady of the world. The same through
" the plenitude of Grace she goes beyond all
" creatures, yet she yields to the Hierarchs
e ' of the Church in the execution of the myste-
"ry committed unto them." And again he
gays, t; Christ is incarnate and made flesh in
" the hands of the priests, as in the Virgin's
" womb, and that priests do create their Crea-
" tor, and have power over the body of
" Christ."*
Antichrist. (To the last witness.) You
have omitted to produce the authority, on
which Father de Besse, declared the power
of priests. You should have noticed that he
produced a portion from the New Testament,
and founded his power on the Act Matt. xvi.
18.
Witness, Historical Truth. It is true, I did
see a reference to that Act, but I think that if
it should be read, it would, if possible, make
bad worse.
Antichrist. Let the act be read.
Lord Chief Justice. It shall be read.
The Clerk of the Crown then read the sta-
tute. Matt. xvi. 18. " And I say also unto
" thee, that thou art Peter, and upon this rock
" I will build my church; and the gates of hell
" shall not prevail against it."
Lord Chief Justice. What is there in this
statute, to authorize either you, or your priests
*See his 4th Lesson in the Canon of the Mass.
97
to assume your power, and commit rebellion
against our Sovereign?
Antichrist. Christ said these words to St.
Peter and St. Peter gave this power to me at
Rome. I do not consider it rebellion, when
I have such authority to act upon.
Lord Chief Justice. What an awful delu-
sion you must lie under! To suppose, that
our Sovereign Lord the King, should com-
mission Peter to empower you to establish
your throne, in open rebellion against his
crown and dignity! I hope you don't wish to
say that Peter is a traitor? He is too well
known in this court to be suspected of rebel-
lion. We shall be able to prove that he never
gave you any commission or authority.
Antichrist. If he was present he would con-
fess, that what I say is true.
Court. He is in court; and we have no ob-
jection to his being the next witness called.
Simon Peter, the Apostle, was then called,
who quick as vivid lightning appeared. It
was truly gratifying to see this witness, with
so much of heaven in his countenance, while
the court and large concourse of people
assembled, were wonderfully delighted. He
was examined by the Attorney General.
Q. Are you the Apostle Peter, servant of
the Most High God?
A. I am; and by the grace of God I am
what I am. To my Sovereign Lord I am
indebted for the honor of my employment,
9
Q. As we have frequently been told by the
prisoner, that you have some knowledge of
him and that you gave him his authority, we
have taken the liberty to call on you to satisfy
the court on this subject, believing you will
confirm the high opinion they entertain of
you. LooE at the prisoner at the bar. Do
you recollect ever having seen him before?
A. No, I do not know him. I never saw
him before in my life.
Ant. Don't you recollect seeing me at
Rome?
Peter. No. I could never see you at Romej
for I never was there.
Ant. Do not you recollect, that you sat in
St. Peter's Chair at Rome, as Prince of the
Apostles?
Peter. No. I know nothing of Rome; nor
have I the smallest knowledge of you. I am
really a stranger to* your very language; I do
not understand what you mean either by St.
Peters Chair or Prince of the Apostles.
Att. Gen. The Apostle Peter will please to
notice, that the prisoner, wiien he established
his throne at Rome, presumed to declare, that
you received orders from our Lord the King,.
to invest him with power over all the world;
he therefore styled you Prince of the Apostles*
and said, that you sat in his chair as such.
And he presumes to be your successor, the
Yicar of Christ, &c.
Pet. I am totally unacquainted with him
99
and his government. I never had any such
power given to me by my Lord; and as I never
received it, he never could obtain it from me,
Anl. Do you remember the time when
Jesus Christ said to you, ^*On this rock I
will build my church;" and when he gave you
the keys of the kingdom of heaven?
Pet. I do very well; but what has that to
do in the present case? What my Lord said
to me is one thing, and what you profess
another.
Ant. 1 can produce a number of Holy
Fathers who have said that you were at Rome,
and that you was the first Pope.
Pet. All that is possible. But can you
prove from the word of my God, from either
of my Epistles, or from any of the writings of
the Apostles or Evangelists, that I ever was
at Rome? But whether I was there or not,
I am certain that my Lord never commission-
ed me to give you any sanction.
Ant. If the blessed Apostle St. Paul was
here, he would convince you of your mistake.
The apostle Paul was next called and sworn.
There was a striking likeness between him
and the Apostle Peter.
Q. Was you ever at Rome in Italy?
A. I was. I knew Rome well. My Lord
and Sovereign told me that I should testify of
-him there, and after a perilous voyage I landed
safe. Though but a prisoner, I was suffered
;to dwell two whole years in my own hired
100
house, preaching the glorious gospel of the
grace of God; I wrote several of my Epistles
to the different churches from Rome and one
Epistle to a church of Christ there, and the
last Epistle I ever wrote I wrote there.*
Q. Do you know the prisoner at the bar?
He has resided a long time at Rome, and pro-
fesses to be intimately acquainted with you?
A. If he is intimately acquainted with me,
I have no knowledge of it.
Q. Do you recollect ever seing the Apostle
Peter at Rome?
A. I never saw him at Rome when I was
there. Had my brother Apostle been there,
as I wrote so many Epistles from that place,
I should have had frequent opportunities of
mentioning my fellow-laborer. But though I
named many, I took no notice of him. From
Rome I wrote to the churches of the Gala-
tians, to the Ephesians, Phiftppians, and Colos-
sians, and also to Timothy and Philemon;
without ever once mentioning him, or sending
any salutation from him.
It must evidently appear that he was not
there when I wrote my Epistle to the Colos-
sians; for mentioning Tychicus, Onesimus,
Aristarchus, Marcus, and Justus, I added,
" These alone, my fellow-workers unto the
kingdom of God.t Peter was not there when
I wrote my second Epistle to Timothy; for I
Acts xxiii. 11. Acts xxviii. 16 and 28, 30, 31.
tCol. iv. 11.
101
said, " At first answer no man stood with me,
but all forsook me."* Nor was he there at the
time of my departure; for I wrote to Timothy,
that all the brethren did salute him, and named
Eubulus, Pudens, Linus, and Claudia, but not
Peter.f Now as when I wrote from Rome, I
sent no salutations from him; so in writing to
Rome, though I saluted so many, he was not
among the number.^ Those, therefore, who
wish to make it appear that he was there, must
suppose that we lived there on very unfriendly
terms.
Ant. Were not St. Peter and you both con-
fined together in one prison? Several of the
Fathers have proved it. Even many Protest-
ants say that you were at Rome.
Paul. What I have said is sufficient to
answer all that the Fathers or others have
said. I have no doubt but they have said it;
but I am sure they have not proved it. How-
ever you have without doubt lived at Rome,
though I never saw you personally there: but
from the description my Lord gave me of the
man of sin, and his awful character, I must
conclude that, thou art the man. I therefore
warned the people of your approach, in several
of my Epistles.
Court. (To the Apostle Paul.) Did the
Apostle Peter claim any supremacy over any
of his fellow Apostles, or over you?
Paul. No. When I disputed with him, I
*Tim.iv. 16. tTim. iv. 21. JRom. xvi. 3. 15.
9*
102
evidenced that no such notion was entertained
by me.
Q. Did you ever hear of his being called
Prince of the Apostles, Vicar of Christ, His
Holiness the Pope, Prince over all Nations,
God on Earth, &c.?
A. Surely no. The Apostle Peter was better
taught of our Lord, than to presume to arro-
gate such titles, and offer such indignity to
the Lord of heaven.
Q. Did he ever adorn himself in pontifical
vestments of the greatest splendor, and wear
a mitre or tripple crown, bedecked with dia-
monds, sapphires, emeralds, chrysolites, jas-
pers, and all manner of precious stones; such
as the prisoner now wears?
A. No. I never saw a greater contrast,
than that between a disciple of Jesus and the
prisoner in every respect!!
Q. Did you ever hear of a College of
Cardinals being established, while you was in
Judea or Rome?
A. Never. I am quite a stranger to the
name.
Q. Did you ever hear of the Apostle Peter
collecting annually from all nations he could,
a tax called Peter's Pence?
A. Never.
The passage was now cleared to make
room for a considerable number of other wit-
nesses, chiefly martyrs, who made a most
brilliant and magnificent appearance. Sev-
103
eral witnesses examined were withdrawn on
this occasion, as the contrast was so very
striking, that what filled the court with plea-
sure, struck some of them with additional ter-
ror. The prisoner himself also appeared for
the first time to change countenance, though
but little, as he evidently was completely
hardened through the deceitmlness of sin.
Most in court supposed that the witnesses
came from the celestial city in Upper Salem.
They appeared intimately acquainted with the
two Apostles, and their interview was peculi-
arly gratifying to the whole court. The
Apostles joined the martyred witnesses, and
Mr. Historical Truth stood near them, being
a very essential witness.
Peter de Bruis, sworn.
Q. Did you not once act under the prison-
er's authority?
A. I did. But when it pleased our Most
Gracious Sovereign to shew me my error, and
grant me pardon, I rejected his authority, and
swore allegiance to our Sovereign Lord the
King. This I did while I lived in France, in
the twelfth century. Afterwards it pleased
our Sovereign to engage me in his service. I
therefore preached for several years in France
what my Lord had taught me from his word. I
preached the fulness and freeness of our King's
grace, in opposition to the prisoner's theatri-
cal mass, merits of good works, prayers for
104
the dead, and venerating crosses and images*
Q. Did the prisoner usurp authority over
you, to oppose the doctrines revealed in tlie
Scriptures?
A. He did. He presumed authority as the
Vicegerent of Christ, to burn or destroy aD
those who rejected his government. I there-
fore, with one Henry, who preached the same
truth, were seized by the prisoner's orders,
and condemned as two heretics and traitors to
his kingdom. Henry, that he called my dis-
ciple, was imprisoned for mortal life, and I
burnt in a fire, till he concluded I was dead.
I suppose he never expected, after reporting
I was consumed to ashes, that I was alive, and
should appear a living witness against him
this day.
Arnold of Brescia, Preacher, sworn.
Q. Did you live at the city of Rome, where
the prisoner has resided for many years?
A. I did. I recollect seeing him there.
Q. Did you not reject decidedly his au-
thority?
A. I did. I publicly declared the danger of
all such as lived and died in his government,
in rebellion against our Sovereign Lord and
Everlasting King.
Q. What were the consequences that fol-
lowed?
A. I was dragged to his bar at Rome, con-
demned as a heretic, and publicly burnt in the
105
year 1155, as was supposed to death, because
some ashes, said to be mine, that were found
in- the fire after my deliverance, were cast in-
to the Tiber; but my King took me to live
with him in his own country.
Alba Gerald, the Waldeme, sworn.
Q. Did you and about thirty more come
into England, as persecuted Waldenses, about
the year of our Lord 1 160?
A. I did; and about that number came
with me, to escape, if possible, the rage and
cruelty of the prisoner at the bar. Previous
to my coming to England, I lived with a con-
siderable number in the Valleys of Piedmont,
who had long refused to submit to own the
papal power. He then, by every instrument
of destruction in his power, either slaughtered
or scattered these people, and I with my com-
panions were driven from place to place on
the continent, till we embarked for England.
Q. Did the prisoner pursue you to Eng-
land?
A. He did. After I came there, I labored
to bring some back from their rebellious ways
to the obedience of the laws of Jesus. The
consequence was, I with those who came with
me were taken to prison, by order of King
Henry II. who then acted as agent for the
prisoner. We were all brought before an
assembly of his Bishops at Oxford, when
being asked who we were? I answered, " We
106
are Christians, that hold the doctrines of the
Apostles." After further examination, we refu-
sed to own the Pope's Supremacy, or to obey
his laws. We were then declared heretics, and
condemned as such to be punished. We were
then burnt with hot irons in the forehead, as
heretics, and whipt through the streets of Ox-
ford; but were enabled to rejoice for being
accounted worthy to suffer for our King's
&
sake.
There being no law then in England, to
burn heretics to death, the prisoner comman-
ded, that none should presume to receive us
into their houses or grant us the smallest
comfort of life, so that we might perish with
hunger, and cold, as enemies to his govern-
ment. This they considered as carried into
effect, but our beloved Sovereign only removed
us to a more delightful country.
Mr. Historical Truth, again examined.
Q. Are you acquainted with the prisoner's
conduct to the people called Waldenses?
A. I am; and so is Europe. They have
been distinguished by various appellations.
The first name they were called by was Val-
lenses; so saith one of the oldest writers of
their lives, Ebrard of Bethun, who wrote in
the year 1212. "They call themselves Val-
lenses, because they abide in the valley of
tears," alluding to their situation in Valleys of
Piedmont. They were also called Albigenses,
107
from Alba, a City in the southern part of
France, where a great number resided. They
were afterwards denominated Valdenses or
Waldenses, from one Peter Valdo or Waldo,
an opulent citizen of Lyons, and one of the
most active of these people. And from Lyons,
its ancient name being Leona, they were called
Leonists.
From all that remains of their writings, and
the testimony even of their most violent ene-
mies, it will appear that they maintained the
following principles: That, the Holy Scriptures
is the only rule of faith and practice Christ
Jesus the only Sovereign Head and Lawgiver
of his church Salvation by Christ alone
The Pope Antichrist The Church of Rome,
the Whore of Babylon Masses, impious
Purgatory, an invention of men Monkery, a
stinking carcass Invoking of dead Saints,
idolatry The host, an idol; and so many or-
ders of the Roman Clergy, so many marks of
the beast."
In the beginning of the thirteenth century,
they had spread so far, and were so fast in-
creasing every day, the prisoner thought prop-
er to exert his utmost efforts to suppress them.
For this purpose war, or what he called a holy
crusade, was proclaimed against them and the
office of Inquisition erected; the one to subdue
their bodies, and the other to enslave their
souls. It is enough to make the blood run
cold to hear of the horrid murders and devast-
108
ations of this time, and of the number of these
poor people, who were sacrificed to the blind
fury and malice of the prisoner. It is compu-
ted that in France alone there were slain a
million of these people, and yet, this was in-
adequate to satisfy his infernal desire.
I will just notice the testimony of Thuanus,
a priest under the prisoner's government, and
who is considered an historian of repute. He
says, " Against the Waldenses, when exqui-
" site punishments availed little, and the evil
" was exasperated by the remedy which had
" been unseasonably applied, and their rium-
" ber increased daily; at length complete ar-
" mies were raised; and a war of no less
" weight than what our people had before
" waged against the Saracens, was decreed
" against them: the event of which was, that
" they were rather slain, put to flight, spoiled
" every where of their goods and dignities, and
" dispersed here and there, than that convin-
" ced of their error they repented. So that
" they fled into Provence and the neighboring
" Alps of the French territory, and found
" shelter for their lives and doctrine in those
"places. Part withdrew to Calabria, part
" passed into Germany, and fixed their abode
" among the Bohemians, and in Poland and
" Livonia. Others, turning to the west, ob-
" tained refuge in Britain."*
In these wars, when the rebels under the
* Thuanus in Praef. ad Henry IV.
109
command of the prisoner took the city of
Beziers, they put to the sword, above 60,000
persons, among whom were many of their
own profession, the Pope's Legate crying out,
" Kill them all, for the Lord knoweth them
that are his!"*
Cross-examined by Counsellor Quibble.
Q. Do you not recollect the many abomin-
able heresies and vices the Waldenses were
charged with?
A. What they were charged with by those
who were totally unacquainted with them,
I do not consider worth notice. The prison-
er always pretended to find all guilty of heresy
who were enemies to his authority; but to
prove my statement to be just, I will produce
three of the most respectable Roman Catholic
authors, who have written in defence of the
prisoner at the bar. The first I name is Rei-
nerius Sacco, whose testimony is the most
remarkable, as he was of the order of the
Dominicans, and Inquisitor General about the
year 1254. .
This cruel Inquisitor, who exerted such a
furious zeal for the destruction of the Wal-
denses, lived about eighty years after Valdo
of Lyons, and must therefore be supposed,
from his horrid employment, to know their
real character. He said, " Among all the
* Pet Hist. Alb. c. 17, &c.
10
HO
" sects which still are, or have been, there b
" not any more pernicious to the church than
" that of the Leonists. And this for three
" reasons: the first is, because it is older, for
" some say that it hath endured from the time
" of Pope Sylvester; others, from the time of
u the Apostles. The second, because it is
" more general, for there is scarce any country
" where this sect is not. The third, because
"when all other sects begat horror in the
" hearers, by the outrageousness of their
" blasphemies against God, this sect of the
" Leonists hath a great shew of piety; because
" they, live justly before men, and believe all
" things rightly concerning God, and all the
" articles contained in the Creed; only they
" blaspheme the Church of Rome, and the
*' Clergy, whom the multitude of the laity is
" easy to believe."
The credit of Thuanus, as an historian, has
been always admitted by those under the go-
vernment of the prisoner, and he was wise
enough to distinguish between their real opin-
ions and those falsely imputed to them. He
gave this account of them: " Peter Valdo, a
** w.ealthy citizen of Lyons, about the year
". 1170, gave name to the Valdenses. He (as
44 Guy Perpignon, Bishop of Elna, in Rous-
44 sillon ? . who exercised the office of Inquisitor
" against the Valdenses, hath left testified i
" writing) leaving his house and goods, devo-
" ted himself wholly to the profession of the
Ill
u Gospel, and took care to have the writings
" of the Prophets and Apostles translated into
' the vulgar tongue. ; When in a little time
o o
" he had many followers, he sent them forth,
" as his disciples, into all parts, to propagate
" the Gospel." " Their fixed opinions were
*' said to be these: that the church of Rome,
* 4 because she hath renounced the true faith of
" Christ, is the Whore of Babylon; and that
" barren tree which Christ himself hath cursed
" and commanded to be rooted up; therefore,
" we must by ho means obey the Pope, and
*' the Bishops who cherish his errors. That
'< the monastic life is the sink of the church,
" and an hellish institution; its vows are vain,
44 and subservient only to the filthy love of
" boys; the orders of the presbytery are the
" marks of the great Beast, which is mention-
" ed in the Apocalypse; the fire of purgatory,
44 the sacrifice of the mass, the feasts of tfe
" dedications of churches, the worship of the
44 saints, and the propitiation for the dead, are
44 inventions of Satan. To these, the principal
" and certain heads of their doctrine, others
44 were feigned and added, concerning marri-
44 age, the resurrection, the state of the soul
" after death, and concerning meats."
I shall now repeat the testimony of Meze-
ray, the celebrated historiographer of France,
which, though short, is full to the purpose.
He said, " they had almost the same opinions
"as those who are now called Calvinists."
If, therefore, any of the Roman Catholic
writers had known the crimes of these per-
secuted people, surely they would have reveal-
ed them.
Q. From the Court. Did not the prisoner,
through the instrumentality of such as acted
by his authority, circulate a variety of false
reports to excite princes to destroy them, on
account of their unnatural and shocking
J2 O
figure?
A. Yes. So extravagant were some in at-
tempting to describe their persons to Philip,
Duke of Savoy, that he was induced to exam-
ine into the truth of the reports, principally
with a view of gratifying his sight, by wit-
nessing such extraordinary monstrous beings.
He therefore ordered some of their children to
be brought from the valleys to satisfy himself,
whether they were not born with black throats,
shaggy manes, and four rows of teeth, as
described.*
The Clerk of the Crown then read extracts
from three rebel Proclamations, or Pope's
Bulls, published by order of the prisoner.
" On pain of anathema, let no man presume
" to land, or exercise traffic with them." Can-
on of the Council of Lateran. Pope Alexan-
der III.
On pain of the same curse. "No man
" should presume to receive or assist them, no
" not so much as to hold any communion with
* Modern Universal History, vol. 34, p. 485.
113
** them, in selling, or buying, that, being de-
" prived of the comforts of humanity, they
44 may be compelled to repent of the error of
44 their ways." Synod of Tours in France.
Pope Alexander III.
In like manner, " Permit not the heretics to
44 have houses in your districts, or enter into
44 contracts, or carry on commerce, or enjoy
44 the comforts of humanity with Christians."
Bull of Pope Martin V. after the Council of
Constance.
Walter Lollard, sworn.
Q. Were you a preacher of the Gospel in
Germany, about the year of our Lord 1315?
A. Yes. According to the abilities the Lord
was pleased to give me, I preached the glori-
ous gospel of the ever-blessed God.
Q. Have you been acquainted with the
prisoner at the bar?
A. I have. I knew him when I preached
the gospel in Germany, and I testified against
him there, as I was convinced he was Anti-
christ, the enemy of my Lord's person and
government. I therefore rejected his traitor-
ous authority, and the superstitious ceremonies
of his rebellious society: But the consequence
was, I was taken by his order, underwent an
examination before several of his. agents, and
was condemned as an heretic to be burnt to
death. He therefore consigned me to the
10*
114
flames, in the year 1322, and according to
report I was consumed to ashes.
John Wickliff, sworn.
Q. Are you a native of England?
A. I am. I was once a priest under the
prisoner's authority, was called professor of
divinity at Oxford, and afterwards rector of
Lutterworth. In the year of our Lord 1360,
a number of Mendicant Friars, who were de-
legated by the prisoner to support his govern-
ment, came into England. Their scandalous
embassy I despised. I defended the statutes
and privileges of the University of Oxford
against all the orders of the Mendicants, and
O I
threw out some reproofs against the Pope,
their principal patron. After this, in the
year 1367, I was deprived of the wardenship
in the University, by the Archbishop of Can-
terbury, who substituted a monk in my place;
and the sentence of the Archbishop was con-
firmed by the prisoner, under the name of Pope
Urban V.
From this time I discovered more of his
treason and rebellion, than I ever did before.
I threw off all restraint, and not only attacked
the monks, and their scandalous irregularities,
but the Pontiff himself as the ringleader in re-
bellion. Soon after this I translated the Scrip-
tures into the English language, and exhorted
the people to study the Word of God, and not
obey the prisoner's orders when opposed to it.
115
In the ^year ;1377, he having .assumed the
name of Pope Gregory XI. the Archbishop
was ordered to call a. Council in London, to
sit in judgment on ( me, but though the danger
was considered great, I escaped by the inter-
est of the Duke of Lancaster.
The prisoner having been compelled by one
Mr. Death, .whom he could never deceive, to
relinquish the name of Gregory XI. , a great
schism commenced about the next title ihe
should assume. This withdrew his attention
from me for some time, but afterwards he
proceeded against me. with great vehemence
in two councils held at London and Oxford,
in the year 1383. The event was, that of
twenty-three opinions, for.which I was prose-
clited by the Monks, ten were condemned as
heresies, and thirteen as, errors. However I
returned in safety to Lutterworth, and .fell into
a comfortable sleep in peace, in the year 1387.
The prisoner having been given to understand
that I was dead, and as it .had pleased the
Lord to bless the Gospel to a great number,
to whom I had preached it, he was so exas-
perated, that in a council at Constance, in ;the
year 1415, a decree, was made to condemn
my memory and opinions, and to dig up some
bones, which were thought to be mine, to be
publicly burnt, which was accordingly done.
Q. Was there not a great number of per-
sons either hanged, suffocated or burnt in
England, who were called your followers, and
116
who went by the name of Lollards or Wick-
liffites?
A. Yes. Even prisons, fields and pits, in
the metropolis of London, have been called
after the name, on account of the horrid
scenes exhibited there.
William Sawtre, sworn.
Q. Were you not once parish priest of St.
Osyth, in London?
A. I was till it pleased God to convince me
of my rebellion, and enable me to forsake and
detest the usurped authority of the prisoner.
Q. Did not the prisoner persuade that de-
luded Prince Henry IV. to make an act of
parliament to burn all who are called
heretics?
A. He did. After Henry IV. had usurped
the throne, in compliance with the prisoner's
orders, he passed an act for the burning of
heretics. This was in the year 1401. He
was the first Prince in England, who passed
such an act. One of the principal reasons
that he assigned for this act was, the great
increase of Lollards or Wickliffites. The
bishops were by this act empowerd to try all
who were supposed to reject the prisoner, and
to burn them at their discretion
Q. What followed in England after the
passing of that law?
A. Fires were lighted in various parts of
the country, and many were cruelly burnt. It
117
was previous to the passing of this act, that
I had been given to see the error of Popery,
and acknowledge the sceptre of King Jesus.
I was therefore immediately apprehended and
brought before the Archbishop of Canterbury,
and condemned to be burnt as a heretic. The
king then directed a writ to the lord mayor
and sheriffs to take me to the stake, which
they did, and I had the honor of being the
first that fire was kindled round for heresy in
England.
Thomas Badly, sworn.
Q. Did you live in the reign of Henry IV.?
A. I did. I lived in London when William
Sawtre was burnt alive, and supposed to be
burnt to death.
Q. Did not the prisoner attempt to murder
you?
A. He did. He ordered me to be secured
in prison, after which I was condemned as an
heretic, taken to Smithfield, chained to a
stake, and fire kindled round me. Henry,
Prince of Wales being present, perceiving me
shew some sensible signs of torture, ordered
the fire to be removed, promised me a pardon
and a pension for life, if I would turn Roman
Catholic. But having come to myself, I was
enabled resolutely to reject his offer, choosing
rather to die with a good, than live with an
evil conscience, a traitor to my King. The
fire was then rekindled, and continued to burn
some ashes were discovered, when all con-
cluded that they were mine and that of course
I must have been burnt to death.
Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham, sworn.
Q. Are you the Nobleman who was perse-
cuted in England, in the reign Of King Henry
V. on the charge of being the principal patron
and abettor of the people called Lollards?
A. I am. I considered them as loyal to our
Sovereign, and I could not bear the idea that
my Lord and King should be opposed by the
Prisoner under the pretext of being his pecu-
liar favorite.
Q. Did the prisoner attempt to put you to
death?
A. He did. By his orders I was appre-
hended and committed to prison by a noted
rebel in connexion with him, known by the
name of the Archbishop of Canterbury. On
my examination, I freely declared my total
disapprobation of the prisoner. I affirmed,
that " the Pope was Antichrist and the head
"of the Roman Catholic body. That his
" Bishops were the members, and his Friars
" the hinder parts of his antichristian society"
The wicked Archbishop, my judge, then pro-
ceeded to pass sentence of condemnation
against me for heresy, when I addressed him
in these words: " Though you judge my
" body, which is but a wretched thing, yet I
" am sure yoti can do me no harm as to my
us
" soul He who created it will, of liis. infinite
" mercy and promise finally save it, I have no
" manner of doubt. As to the articles before
" rehearsed, I will stand to them to my very
" death, by the GRACE of my eternal God."
I; was condemned to die, but the day before
my execution was to have taken place, I made
my escape from the tower, and continued in
Wales for about four years. After which
being seized by the prisoner's emissaries, and
having been outlawed, they delivered me over
to death as a heretic and traitor. I was then
taken to the place of execution, and suspended
by the waist with an iron chain. In this man-
ner I was hung as a traitor, and cruelly burnt
as an heretic, amidst the execrations of my
savage tormentors, till my King delivered me
out of their hands,
(The chain was produced in court.)
John Huss, sworn.
(This witness confirmed the testimony of
the Emperor Sigismond, which, as it is noticed
before, is omitted here. There was, however,
a remarkable expression he uttered while burn-
ing, which the Emperor omitted. It was his
answer to the last question, which is here set
down.)
Q. Did you not address yourself, when at
the fire, to some of the popish clergy who
were present, and make use of some expres-
sions that were thought remarkable?
120
A. I did speak to them after the fire was
kindled. I said among other words, " Ye
" shall answer for this an hundred years hence,
" both before God and me." And also, " You
" roast a Goose now, but a swan shall arise,
" whom you shall not be able to burn as you
" do the poor weak Goosed These expres-
sions w r ere then remarked, and a century after-
wards were thought very remarkable, because
Huss, in the Bohemian language, signifies a
Goose, as Luther does a Swan; and just an
hundred years after, Luther appeared, and
gave the prisoner a deeper wound than he
ever received before, yet he could not burn
Luther.
Jerome of Prague, sworn.
This witness also confirmed the testimony
of the Emperor Sigismond, which is here omit-
ted, and only the latter part of his examina-
tion recorded.
Q. When you were brought before the
Council of Constance, what examination did
you undergo?
A. I was not allowed a hearing. They ex>-
claimed on all sides, " Away with him, bum
him, burn him."
Q. Did they proceed to burn you immedi-
ately?
A. No, I was confined full ten months in a
loathsome prison, and such was my weakness
that one day I was persuaded to recant; but
121
when taken before the Council I revoked my
recantation and opposed the authority of the
prisoner as far as I was able. I was then con-
demned as a relapsed heretic to be burnt to
death. Immediately they dressed me in a
paper cap, ornamented with flaming devils;
and led me to the place of execution. When
the cap was placed upon my head, I said
" The Lord Jesus Christ, when he suffered
" death for me, a miserable sinner, wore upon
" his head a crown of thorns, and I, for his
" sake, will cheerfully wear this cap." When
I was bound to the stake, the executioner
went behind me to kindle the fire, when I
was so strengthened by my Lord, that I said
to him, " Come here, and kindle it before my
" eyes, for I had not come hither if T had been
" afraid of it." The fire was now kindled and
the flames surrounded me, while my soul was
filled with such heavenly courage, that great-
ly astonished the beholders. My sovereign
Lord the King now appeared in sight, and
by a special celestial guard I was rescued
out of their hands. The last words they
heard me speak were, " In these flames, O
" Christ, I offer up my soul to thee;" and be-
cause I disappeared out of their sight, they
spread the report that they saw me burnt to
death. This was in the year 1416, on the
30th day of May.
Jeronimo Savonerola, sworn.
Q. Have you not been employed by our
11
King to preach the gospel in Italy since you
were a Dominican Friar?
A. I have endeavored to proclaim the glo-
ry and freeness of our King's grace to my
benighted countrymen, and to the glory of
his name my labors were blessed with suc-
cess.
Q. Will you relate to the court, what you
know of the prisoner during your residence in
Italy?
A. I will. When I knew him, he as usual
continued to change his name at different
times. But when I took notice of him, he
called himself by the name of Alexander VI.
The life and actions of the prisoner by this
name, evidently shewed, that he was a Nero
indeed. The crimes that his most deluded
followers have imputed to him, clearly prove
that he was destitute of every virtuous prin-
ciple, regardless of decency, and hardened
against the very feeling of shame. There is
upon record, a list of undoubted facts, which
for their number and atrocity, are sufficient
to render him by the name of Alexander VI.
odious and detestable, even to such as have
but the smallest tincture of humanity.
It is well known that the prisoner always
made profession of sanctity, even when his
conduct was the most infamous. He there-
fore claimed the title of His Holiness* while
living in all manner of wickedness. And al-
though he declared that the office of his priest-
123
hood was too sacred to admit either himself
or any priest to have a lawful wife, he, with
diem in general, were living in fornication
and adultery. He therefore, to my own knoAv-
ledge, only during the time he went by the
name of Alexander VI. had, by one concubine,
with whom he lived several years, four illegit-
imate sons, among whom was the infamous
Ca>sar Borgia, who followed his father in eve-
ry wickedness and abomination. A daughter,
named Lucrecia, was likewise among the
number of his spurious offspring. And his
only aim was to load them with riches and
honor, in contempt of every obstacle which
the demands of justice and the dictates of
reason laid in his way.
Thus he went on in his profligate career,
until the year 1503, when he took, by a pro-
vidential mistake, some poison, which he and
his wicked son had prepared for others, who
were obstacles in the way of their ambition.
The poison had so much effect, that it disabled
him, by this name, from pursuing this course,
when his old antagonist, Mr. Death, con-
strained him to assume a new title. During
my residence in Italy, I preached against the
luxury, avarice, and debauchery of the Roman
clergy in general, and of the tyranny and
wickedness in particular, of the prisoner and
his son, Caesar. I also wrote a book, entitled
" The Lamentations of the Spouse of Christ,
" against false Apostles; or an Exhortation to
124
" the Faithful, that they would pray unto the
" Lord for the Renovation of his Church."
The prisoner then excommunicated and im-
prisoned me, and, after being most cruelly
tortured, I was chained to a stake and burnt,
on the 23d May, 1498, in the 46th year of
my age. I have not seen the prisoner from
that day to this, when I see him at the bar.
Roger Acton, John Beverly, and John Brown,
sworn.
These witnesses testified that they, together
with others, rejected the prisoner's authority,
during the time they lived in London. That
they frequently met in a field, called St.
Giles's Field, in the night, for prayer and so-
cial worship. That in the year 1413, on one
night they were seized by his order, and in
the said field were all (in number 36) hanged
by the neck, and fires kindled under them,
with intent to destroy them as heretics and
traitors.
Martin Luther, sworn.
When this witness appeared, the people
were very anxious to be gratified with a
sight of the old Reformer. The prisoner, how-
ever, did not seem to enjoy any satisfaction in
^viewing him upon the green cloth; on the
contrary, he hung down his head, gave him a
malicious look, and appeared much con-
fused.
Q. Where were you born?
A. I was born in Isleben, in Saxony, on
the 10th of November, in the year of our
Lord 1483.
Q. Look at the prisoner. Do you know him?
A. I do; and I believe he recollects rrie.
When I knew him at Rome, he went by the
names of Pope Alexander VI, Pius III, Ju-
lius II, Leo XI, Adrian VI, Clement VII, and
Paul III.
Q. Were you not once, one of his priests?
A. I was, I was called a monk of the order
of St. Augustine, and Professor of Divinity at
Wittemberg. But though I was his deluded
slave, yet I was never so happy in his service
as others appeared to be. I shall long remem-
ber, that when I was at Rome, how awfully
devoted I was to his despotic laws, although
I derived no solid satisfaction in my own
breast, for my obedience to them. There is"
at Rome, placed in one of the churches, a
(pretended very holy and celebrated) staircase,
consisting of twenty-eight steps of marble,
said to be taken from the house of Pontius Pi*
late, and which Christ is reported to have
ascended and descended several times. These
steps can only be ascended kneeling; and so
blinded was I and thousands by the prisoner,
that to crawl up these steps was thought' to
be one of the most meritorious actions that
could be performed.
At the bottom of these steps are frequently
11*
126
seen, ten or twelve carriages of the first peo-
ple of Rome, waiting to perform this duty.*
Up and down these very stairs have I often
crept, but without that pleasure which igno-
rant devotees find in this ridiculous ceremony.
For although I was then unacquainted with
our beloved Sovereign, yet some words that
I had read of his, seemed continually resound-
ing in my ears, which led me to be dissatisfied
with what I did. The words were, " The
just shall live by faith."
Previous to the year 1517, the Lord was
pleased to enlighten my eyes to discover the
lawful government of our Lord the King, by
the reading of his own word. But being sur-
rounded by biggotry and superstition, and re-
taining too much of my former ignorance, I
scarcely knew how to disentangle myself from
his service. However in the same year an
pportunity offered to unfold, as far as I then
discovered, my views of the truth.
The prisoner had now set up the money
making trade of selling pardons and indul-
gences, and had published a catalogue of his
wares .t These were distributed by his agents,
with every possible addition, to excite the at-
tention and pick the pockets of such as were
duped by him. One John Tetzel, a Domini-
can Friar, had been chosen, on account of
*Vide Sketch of a Tour on the Continent, in 1786 and 7, by
J. E. Smith, M. D. vol. ii. p. 37.
t Vide Ta Cenceller Rom.
127
his uncommon impudence, by Albert, Arch-
bishop of Mentz and Magdeburg, to preach
and proclaim in Germany these infamous
indulgences, and to promise the pardon of all
sins, however enormous, to all who were rich
enough to purchase them. This frontless
Monk executed his iniquitous commission with
matchless insolence, indecency and fraud.
Unable to smother my indignation at the
insult offered to my lawful Sovereign, King
Jesus, I raised my voice against this most
abominable traffic, and on the 30th September,
in the year 1517, did publicly at Wittemburg,
in ninety-nine propositions, condemn the whole
as diametrically opposite to the laws and sta-
tutes of Christ Jesus. Many in Germany had
long groaned under the iron sceptre of the
prisoner, and grievously murmured against
the extortions of his tax-gatherers, who daily
put in practice various stratagems to fleece
the rich and grind the face of the poor. Many
of these gladly received the declaration of the
all-sufficiency of Jesus and his atoning blood,
and consequently despised the pardons and
indulgences offered for sale by Tetzel and the
Dominicans.
The alarm of controversy was now sound-
ed, and Tetzel himself immediately appeared
against me, and pretended to refute what I
had declared, in two discourses he delivered
when he was made Doctor of Divinity. In
the following year two famous Dominicans,
Sylvester De Prierro and Hoolgstart, rose up
against me, and attacked me at Cologn, with
the utmost violence. Their example was
followed by another named Eckius, a celebra-
ted professor of Divinity at Ingolstadt. and
one of the most zealous supporters of the Do-
minican order. I was enabled to stand my
ground against their united efforts, and the more
I disputed with them, the more I was convin-
ced that truth was on my side. At first the
prisoner, then called Leo X. seemed to view
the controversy with total indifference, as he
thought that a poor insignificant Monk was
not worth his notice.
At length the Emperor informed him of
what was likely to follow my labors in Ger-
many, when he summoned me to appear before
his tribunal at Rome. But the Elector of
Saxony, Frederic the Wise, pretending that my
cause belonged to a German Tribunal, this
summons was superseded. I was ordered to
justify my conduct before one of his Cardinals,
named Cajetan, who was at that time Legate
at the Diet of Augsburg. This man was my
decided enemy, a friend of Tetzel, and a Do-
minican, yet I repaired to Augsburg, in Octo-
ber, 1518. But had I even been disposed to
yield to the prisoner, this imperious Legate
was of all others the most improper to obtain
my submission. He in an overbearing tone,
desired me to renounce my opinions, without
ever attempting to prove them erroneous; and
129
insisted on my immediate obedience to the
Pontiff's commands.
I could never think of yielding to terms, so
unreasonable in themselves and so despoti-
cally proposed, and as I found my judge and
adversary inaccessible to reason and argu-
ment, I left Augsburg immediately. The
prisoner then published a special Edict, " com-
manding his spiritual subjects to acknowledge
his power of delivering from all the punish-
ment due to sin and transgression of every
kind." As soon as I perceived this decree,
I repaired to Wittemburg, and on the 28th
day of November appealed from him to a Gen-
eral council. After this the prisoner appeared
to think that Cajetan was not a proper per-
son to reconcile me to him, and he resolved
to employ one more moderate and insinuating.
Accordingly one Charles Miltitz, a Saxon
Knight, belonging to the court of Rome, was
delegated by him to make a second attempt
to restore me. This new Legate was there-
fore sent into Saxony, to present to Frederic
the Golden Consecrated Rose, and to treat
with me about a reconciliation.
Q. Did not Cajetan, make use of some
very awful expressions to prove the power of
the prisoner to pardon sin, &c.
A. He did. He said among many other
absurd expressions, " That one drop of
" Christ's blood being sufficient to redeem the
u whole human race, the remaining quantity
130
" that was shed in the Garden and upon the
" Cross, was left as a legacy to the church,
" to be a treasure from whence indulgences
" were to be drawn and administered by the
" Roman pontiff!" The prisoner had published
the same before in one of his Decretals, when
he was known by the name of Pope Clement
VI. which is called, and that justly for more
reasons than one, Extravagants.
Q. Do you recollect what arguments Miltitz
made use of to persuade you to return to the
prisoner's authority?
A. I do. He first proceeded to demand of
the Elector, that he would either oblige me to
return to the obedience of the See of Rome, or
withdraw his protection from me. But per-
ceiving that he was received by the Elector
with a degree of coldness bordering on con-
tempt, and that the cause for which I pleaded
was too far advanced to be destroyed by the
effects of mere authority; he had recourse to
gentle methods. He loaded Tetzel with the bit-
terest reproaches, on account of the irregu-
lar and superstitious means he had employ-
ed, for promoting the sale of indulgences,
and attributed to this miserable wretch all
the abuses I had complained of.
Tetzel, on the other hand, burdened with
the iniquities of Rome, tormented with the
consciousness of his own injustice and extor-
tions, died of grief and despair. I confess I
was so affected by the agonies of despair un-
131
der which this unhappy rebel labored, that I
wrote him a pathetic letter. And as 1 knew in
a degree the freeness and fulness of our King's
grace, to pardon the vilest traitor upon earth,
I endeavored, to the utmost of my power, to
beseech him to be reconciled to our Lord the
King. But it produced no good effect, for as
he lived, so he died, a great traitor to the go-
vernment of heaven. His infamy was perpe-
tuated by a picture placed in the church of
Penna, in which he is represented on an ass,
selling indulgences to a deluded multitude.
This incendiary being sacrificed as a victim
to cover the Roman Pontiff from reproach,
Miltitz entered into particular conversation
with me at Altenburg. He did not pretend to
justify the scandalous traffic in indulgences,
but requested me to acknowledge the four fol-
lowing things: " 1st. That the people had been
" seduced by false notions of indulgences. 2d.
" That I had been the cause of that seduction,
"by representing indulgences much more
" heinous than they really were. 3d. That the
" odious conduct of Tetzel alone had given
" occasion to these representations- And,
"4th. That though the avarice of Albert,
44 Archbishop of Mentz, had set on Tetzel, yet
" that his rapacious tax-gatherer had exceed-
" ed by far, the bounds of his commission."
These proposals were accompanied with many
soothing words and pompous encomiums on
my character, capacity, and talents; and with
132
the softest and most pathetic expostulations
in favor of union and concord: all which he
joined together with the greatest dexterity and
address, in order to touch and disarm me;
and at first, I must confess, it produced too
much effect. But the result was, I refused to
comply with his request; and the prisoner is-
sued out a bull against me, dated the 15th
day of June, 1520, in which forty-one pre-
tended heresies, extracted from my writings,
were solemnly condemned, all my writings
ordered to be publicly burnt; I, on pain of ex-
communication, to confess and retract my
errors within the space of sixty days, and cast
myself upon the clemency and mercy of the
Pontiff. I then resolved to show, in the most
public manner, that I had withdrawn from the
prisoner's authority, despised his papal thun-
der, and in future would own no other Sove-
reign but our Lord and everlasting King. I
therefore, on the 10th of December, in the
year 1520, caused a pile of wood to be erected
without the walls of the city of Wittemburg;
and there, in the presence of a prodigious
multitude of people, of all ranks and orders,
I committed to the flames both his bull that
he published against me, and the Decretals
and Canons relating to his supreme jurisdic-
tion, as the pretended Vicar of Christ.
By this act I designed to declare to the
world, that I was no longer a subject of the
Pope. For the man who commits to the
133
flames the code that contains the laws of his
Sovereign, shews thereby, that he has no
longer any respect for his government, nor
any design to submit to his authority. In
less than a month another Bull was pro-
claimed against me, bearing date the 6th day
of January, 1521, by which I was expelled
from the communion of the church of Rome,
for having " insulted the Majesty and disown-
ed the Supremacy" of the prisoner at the bar.
Such iniquitous laws, enacted against me,
produced an effect very different from what "
the imperious pontiff expected. The Lord
enabled me to wax more bold against his trai-
torous government; and the numbers who de-
serted his standard, and came over and pro-
fessed allegiance to our beloved Sovereign,
encouraged me yet more. The Lord stirred
up others also, in different countries, to oppose
the sovereignty of the prisoner; and the pillars
of Babylon, his strong hold, began to trem-
ble. Several heralds were also engaged by ..
our King, to proclaim pardon to rebels who *
rejected Antichrist, and returned to their
allegiance.
The Emperor Maximilian I. having departed-
this life, and his grandson, Charles V. King
of Spain, succeeding him, the prisoner took
this opportunity of venting and executing his
vengeance, as far as he could, on such as
dared to call in question his power. He put
the new Emperor in mind of his character, as
12
Advocate and defender of the Church, and de-
manded on me exemplary punishment. Fred-
eric, the Elector, however, employed his inter-
est with Charles, so far as to prevent any
unjust sentence being pronounced against me
till I was heard, I was therefore ordered to
repair to Worms, within twenty-one days, in
order that my conduct might be examined and
decided upon in the public Diet.
When I appeared before the Emperor,
Princes, and assembly, I was desired to recant
and retract what I had published; but which
I absolutely refused, unless it could be proved
that w r hat I had written was contrary to the
word of God. I insisted, that I could prove,
that the Pope of Rome and his general coun-
cils had frequently erred and that grievously;
and therefore it would be an ungodly thing in
me, or any other, to assent to them, and de-
part from the Holy Scriptures, which could
not err. Some attempted to persuade the
Emperor to violate his promise of protection
, to me, as Sigismond had done before to John
Huss; but he would not. I therefore was
permitted to depart, and the Emperor gave
me twenty-one days' protection on my way,
home. After my departure from the Diet, I
was condemned as an enemy to the Holy Ro-
man Empire. The Elector, Frederic, who
saw the storm raising against me, used sucli
precautions as he could to secure me from its
violence. For this purpose he sent three or
135
four persons in whom he could confide, t
meet me on my return from the Diet, in order
to conduct me to a place of safety, who, dis-
guised by masks, executed their commission
with the utmost secrecy and success. I was
taken to the Castle of Wartenburg, where I
continued full ten months, and employed this
involuntary leisure in translating the Scrip-
tures into the Dutch language, and writing
several works which I afterwards published.
I left this Patmos, in the month of March,
1522, without either the knowledge or consent
of Frederic, my protector, as I could not bear
to be hid in the hour of danger. Having
returned to Wittemburg, and translated some
part of the Scriptures into the German tongue,
it is almost incredible the sudden and blessed
effects it produced, when circulated among
the people. From the minds of many it extir-
pated, root and branch, the superstition, idol-
atry, and rebellion, scattered over the earth
by the prisoner.
While the proclamation of the laws of our
King produced wonders, the prisoner changed
his name to Adrian VI. By this name he
sent a Legate to the Diet assembled at Nu-
remberg, in the year 1522, to demand the
speedy and vigorous execution of the sentence
pronounced against me at Worms. The next
year, the same demand was made in the most
violent manner, by the name of Pope Clement
VIL Frederic, Elector ^of Saxony, died in
136
the year 1528, and John, his brother, succeed-
ed him. He immediately acted a decided part;
for being fully convinced, that the authority
of the prisoner was usurped, he rejected him
and his superstitious laws.
One assembly met after another in Germa-
ny, which rather increased than checked the
progress of the Reformation. The prisoner
not meeting with the support he wished from
the Emperor, Charles V., entered into a con-
federacy with the French and Venitians against
that Prince. Charles, though one of the pri-
soner's church or society, being greatly exas-
perated at his conduct, abolished the papal
authority in his Spanish dominions, made war
upon the Pope in Italy, and laid siege to Rome
in the year 1527. The prisoner, then Clem-
ent VII. was blocked up in the Castle of St.
Angelo, and exposed to severe but legal treat-
ment; during which time the princes of the
empire enjoyed some tranquillity.
After this, Charles made peace with the
prisoner, and again supported him in rebellion:
and in an assembly held at Spires, in the year
1529, decreed it unlawful for any person to
change or alter his religious government.
This decree was justly considered as iniquit-
ous and intolerable by the Elector of Saxony,
Landgrave of Hesse, and others, who remon-
strated, but in vain. They then entered a
solemn protest against the decree and prison-
er, on the 19th day of April; and from that
137
day the appellation of Protestant has been
given to such as protest against his vile au-
thority.
At last the famous council of Trent was
proposed, and after much altercation, assem-
bled on the 13th day of December, 1545.
The Emperor and prisoner had mutually re-
solved the destruction of all who should op*
pose this Council, and the meeting of the as-
sembly was to be the signal for taking arms.
Accordingly its deliberations were scarcely
begun, before armies appeared ready to deluge
Germany inJiuman gore.
Notwithstanding this, several Princes pub-
licly rejected the prisoner's authority, and hk
convention of Rebels at Trent; and appeared
in the field to defend their rights. Of the
scenes of tumult and the calamities that fol-
lowed I can say but little, for being sixty-
three years of age, my Sovereign thought
proper to withdraw me from the scene, whilst
I was at Isleben on the 18th day of February,
1 546. Being superannuated I have from that
day lived upon a liberal pension of everlasting
life, and have not seen the prisoner from that
day to this.
Cross-exam'uied by Mr. Jesuit-
Q. Did you not vow, as a Monk, to observe
Celibacy?
A. I did, when I was ignorant of God and
his laws-
12*
138
Q. Do not all Nuns solemnly vow the
same?
A. They do: and when people have taken
leave of their reason they may promise any
thing.
Q. Did you not marry contrary to your
vow? and was not the woman you married a
Nun, who violated her oath to marry you?
A. I did marry contrary to my vows which
I made when a stranger to my Lord the
King; and I married a Nun, so called, con-
trary to her vows. I had God's authority to
marry, and the Pope's to live a single life.
When therefore, I rejected the prisoner's
usurped government, I rejected his laws; and
when I became a subject of my Lord's king-
dom, I rendered obedience to him.
Q. But did you not do it contrary to your
oath?
A. I have before observed, that I did con-
trary to my monkish vows. I had also
promised as a priest to own the prisoner's
rebellious authority, but can it be supposed,
that because a man has been reared in rebel-
lion, ignorant of his lawful sovereign, and a
stranger to his laws, and has been made to
vow or promise obedience to a tyrant, that he
is always bound to remain a traitor all the
days of his life. The laws and statutes of my
Prince, as well as the laws of reason, justify
the act I did.
Q. Where was your religion before you?
139
A. In the Bible, and in the hearts of all the
faithful subjects of our Lord the King.
Where was my religion before me! Attend to
the witnesses that have been examined. They
prove that God has, in all ages, had a people
to serve him. Look also into the Valleys of
Piedmont, at the Waldenses, and ask Popish
writers themselves, they will tell you^ they
were five hundred years before me, and some
of them say that from the time of the Apos-
tles, they were continued. And if there were
no enemies to Antichrist before me, how came
it to pass that he chained so many to the
stake for heresy, many centuries before I was
born?
Philip Melancthon, sworn.
Q. Were you not once under the prisoner's
authority?
A. I was, but blessed be God, not now.
Q. Did you continue long in his service?
A. Till I was about twenty-four years of
age. When about that age, I attended to
hear Martin Luther dispute with Eckius, on
the Supremacy of the Pope of Rome; and
from that time I was so fully convinced that
the prisoner's power was usurped, that I
united with Luther and we became intimate
friends.
Q. Do you recollect any of the arguments
brought by Eckius, to support the prisoner's
authority?
140
A. All his arguments were derived from
the spurious and insipid Decretals which were
scarcely of four hundred years' standing;*
while Luther proved to a demonstration, that
the Church of Rome, in the earlier ages, had
never been acknowledged as superior to other
churches, and combated that church (so call-
ed) and the prisoner, from the testimony of
the Scripture, the authority even of those Fa-
thers they pretend to venerate, the best Eccle-
siastical Historians, and even from the decrees
of the council of Nice itself.
Q. Do you remember the prisoner's send-
ing the Dominican Friars to sell his pardons?
A. I do. Some pardons were offered for
sins impossible to be committed, and too
shocking to be imagined; others, for sins fu-
ture as well as past. Indulgences were often
t ranted to whole fraternities, and sometimes
>r a thousand years or more. And among
the relics exhibited to view, was a plume, said
to be a plume of the wing of St. Michael, the
Archangel. John Tetzel often shocked me
with his awful blasphemies. He, in attempt-
ing to describe the efficacy of the indulgences
he had to vend, said, " That, even had any one
44 deflowered the mother of God, he had from
*' the Pope (or prisoner) wherewithal to efface
*' his guilt!" And he also boasted, that " he
" had saved more souls out of hell by his in-
4< dulgences, than St. Petejr had converted to
* Vide Seckendorflfs Hist, of LutJi.
"Christianity by his preaching." He also
promised to every one that would put ten
shillings into the box which he carried about
with him, license to eat white meats and flesh
in lent, and power to deliver what soul they
would out of purgatory; and moreover full
pardon for all his sins, however heinous. But
if it was one jot less than ten shillings, he said
it would profit nothing.
Ulric Zumglius, the Reformer, of Switzerland,
sworn.
Q. Were you not once under the authority
of the prisoner at the bar?
A. I was. I was called a Canon of Zurich,
and an Archdeacon in Switzerland; but I be-
gan to manifest my public opposition to his
government in the year 1519. I had previous
to that time, been led to suspect that the pris-
oner had usurped his authority, and was
really a rebel in disguise; and afterwards I was
satisfied that my suspicions were well found-
ed. Soon after this, the prisoner sent into
Switzerland an Italian Monk whose name
was Samson, to carry on the same impious
traffic of Indulgences, as Tetzel had done in
Germany. I opposed the traitor Samson and
his master who sent him; and at last I had
the satisfaction of seeing by far the greater
part of Switzerland reject the authority of
the prisoner at the bar.
142
William, Prince of Orange, sworn.
Q. Do you recollect the prisoner's conduct
to the people of the Low Countries, and if it
was ever computed, how many were murdered
by the Duke of Alva?
A. I do. When they were liberated from
his shackles by the preaching of the Gospel,
he took the most violent measures to reinslave
them. For this purpose he augmented the
number of his rebellious Bishops, established
that horrid tribunal called the Holy Inquisi-
tion, and inhumanly tortured and murdered
by racks, gibbets, and fires, many thousands,
besides those who perished by the sword.
The Duke of Alva himself boasted, that in
the Netherlands alone, within the space of a
few years, he had despatched 36,000 souls,
by the hands of the common executioner. The
Jesuits, from their first institution, to the
year 1480, that is, between thirty and forty
years, are computed to have put to death
900,000 Christians, by the prisoner's authori-
ty. And in tffe space of scarce thirty years,
the Inquisition destroyed, by various tortures,
150,000. One Saunders, a priest, confesses
that an innumerable multitude were burnt
throughout all Europe.
John Calvin, the Reformer, sworn.
Q. Are you not a Frenchman by birth?
A. I was born at Noyon, in Picardy, in
143
France, on the 10th day of July, 1509. I was
educated in the church of Rome, and ordained
in her corrupt communion, but I rejected his
traitorous supremacy in the year 1534, when
I was about 25 years of age.
Q. Did not the prisoner burn and destroy
very many subjects of our Lord the King in
France, while you resided there?
A. He did. My heart bled to see the
slaughter he made daily. I witnessed many
of my friends, who were the blessed subjects
of our King, daily committed to the flames
by King Francis I. who acted as executioner
for the prisoner, and being filled with indigna-
tion against his awful and cruel conduct, I
was constrained to protest against him. The
excellent Queen of Navarre more than once
saved me from the fire. But at last I was
obliged to fly from France into Switzerland,
to escape the cruel persecution of my native
country. I retired to Basil, where I published
a book called " Christian Institutions," which
I dedicated to Francis I. with the design to
soften the unrelenting fury of that Prince
against the Protestants. At Geneva I was
chosen- to be the pastor of a Christian Church,
that professed obedience to the laws of Jesua,
acknowledged him alone for their head, and
rejected the prisoner and all his rebellious or-
ders of priests. With this church I continued
till the year 1564, when 1 was called by our
Sovereign from them into his kingdom.
Cross-examined by Counsellor Quisle.
Q. Do you think that the prisoner acted
wrong, when he put those to death who would
not acknowledge his religion?
A. I certainly do.
Q. Did you not take an active part in the
persecution of Servetus, and were you not
accessary to his death?
A. I confess I did; and I then attempted to
justify the act. This was one of the awful
effects of being educated under the prisoner.
I learnt this doctrine at Rome, and it made
too deep an impression upon a mind, which
was too much beclouded with Popish error.
I knew not what spirit I was of. It was too
much the prevailing opinion of all parties at
that time, that incorrigible heretics ought not
to live; and I was led astray. Servetus was
certainly a violent enemy to the doctrine of the
Trinity, and of the Deity and Atonement of
Jesus Christ. His positions were singularly
daring, and his language grossly indecent on
these subjects. I therefore thought that it
might lead some to conclude that I gave en-
couragement to rebellion, though I rejected
the usurped authority of the Pope of Rome, if
I did not give my sanction to his punishment^
But I was evidently wrong.
Peter Martyr, of Naples, sworn.
Q. Did not the prisoner at the bar endeavor
145
to introduce his office of inquisition into the
City of Naples?
A. He did. After the Reformation begun
by Luther, it pleased the Lord to enable me
and one Bernard Ochinp to testify publicly
against the enormity of the reigning supersti-
tion, and the Papal yoke. A number of all
ranks raid orders began now to express their
aversion to the prisoner's treasonable con-
duct; and he to put a stop to the progress of
the Reformation, let loose upon these pre-
tended heretics his bloody inquisitors, who
spread the mark of their usual barbarity
through the greatest part of Italy. But the
terrors of the inquisition, could never pene-
trate into the kingdom of Naples. Nor could
either the authority or entreaties of the
Roman Pontiff, engage the Neapolitans to
admit within their territories either a Court
of Inquisition, or even visiting Inquisitors.
Augustine Casal, Preacher to diaries V. sworn.
Q. Did not you, and several others that
were once connected with the prisoner at the
bar as priests attend the Emperor Charles V.?
A. I did. I was brought by Charles V.
into Germany, to combat the pretended heresy
of Luther; but I propagated on my return the
very doctrines I set out to oppose. Several
others also, who accompanied the Emperor
did the same; Constantine Pontius, his con-
fessor, the learned Egedius, whom he had
13
FIG
nominated to the Bishopric of Tartosa, Bar-
tholomew De Caranza, a Dominican, \vho had
been confessor to King Philip and cruel queen
Mary, with above twenty more. After this
Charles V. abdicated the throne, and retreat-
ed to spend the remainder of his days in
retirement, in the year 1557. He evidently
saw the folly of vindicating the prisoner's
authority, and after he had withdrawn from
the busy scene of public life about two years,
lie died; and was supposed to die a Protestant.
No sooner was the breath of this Monarch
gone, but I and the pessons before noticed
were put into the Inquisition, and all com-
mitted to the flames, or delivered over to death
in other forms equally terrible to nature.
Dennis Rcnix, Martyr in France, sworn.
This witness said that he had lived at Melde
in France for several years. That he knew
the prisoner well. That he saw a number of
Protestants burnt and tortured. That one
Jo de Roma, a Monk, who was commissioned
to examine Lutherans, among other horrible
means to torment them, he used to take the
most pleasure in filling boots with boiling
grease and putting them on their legs, arid
tying them on the back on forms with their
legs hanging over a small fire while he exam-
ined then). That among the multitudes that
'were burnt, was a book-seller for selling a
bible. That upon a complaint made to the
147
council, that the Judges suffered heretics t
have their tongues, a decree was made that aH
who were burnt should have their tongues cut
off unless they recanted at the fire; which was
afterwards strictly observed. That being
himself a great enemy to the prisoner and
his government, and having publicly testified
against his Mass, he was taken by his orders
in the year 1558, and chained to a stake to be
burnt by a slow fire. And that the prisoner
then known by the name of Pope Paul IV.
did suppose that he was burnt to death.
And deponent further said, that one John
Clark having written on paper that the priso-
ner was Antichrist, and his pardons treasona-
ble; and having broken some images to pieces;
was first whipt three days and burnt in the
forehead. That afterwards at Mentz he was
taken to the place of execution where he was
tortured in the most cruel manner. That his
right hand was first cut off, then his nose
was torn from his face with sharp pincers,
and further dismembered while he stood at
the stake to be burnt by order of the prisoner.
Admiral Gasper de Coli^ny, who Buffered in
the Massacre of Paris, sworn.
Q. Were you at Paris on the eve of the
24th day of August, or St. Bartholomew's
day, 1572?
A. I was.
Q. Was there not a dreadful .massacre at
that night of many thousand protest-
ants, by order of the prisoner?
A. There was. It is an event well know r n
in history, and perhaps the blackest upon
record.
Q. Will you relate to the court w r hat took
place on that night?
A. The Almighty having been pleased to
cause the proclamation of his Gospel to be
made in France, many were led to discover
the usurped authority of the prisoner and
acknowledge our Sovereign Lord the King.
When the prisoner according to the tyrannical
laws of his kingdom, caused a general slaugh-
ter to take place; and almost in every town
and village were fires kindled, gibbets erected,
and tortures prepared for such as presumed
to call in question his being the Vicar of
Christ and Prince of the Apostles. Previous
to the reign of Charles IX. the prisoner had
employed as his common executioners three
Kings of France; Francis I. Henry II. and
Francis II. who were very active at this aw-
ful work. Charles was early trained to this
shocking employment, and for cruelty, hypoc-
risy, bigotry, and every savage property,
could scarcely be equalled by any of the in-
habitants of the infernal mansions. He was
one of the prisoner's pets.
In his reign, in addition to all the dreadful
decrees against his peaceable Protestant sub-
jects, an edict was published in July, 1562,.
declaring it lawful to kill att the Hugonots
wherever any could be found. This decree
was read publicly in every parish on every
Lord's day, and innumerable multitudes were
slain.
Three civil wars succeeded each other.
At last the court pretended to grant the Pro-
testants a very advantageous peace in the
year 1570, and a match was concluded be-
tween Henry,* the young King of Navarre, a
protestant, and the French King's sistor. The
heads of the protestants were invitecffio cele-
brate the nuptials at Paris with the infernal
view of butchering them all if possible in one
night- The Queen of Navarre, who had visited
Paris, in order to be present at her son's mar-
riage, now took ill and died, as it was after-
wards suspected, by being poisoned, she being
supposed a heretic. A few days after I was
wounded by a musquet ball whilst walking
the streets, but such were the professions
then made of union and affection, that none
suspected the design. Charles immediately
visited me, and wept when he saw how I was
wounded; he expressed the greatest sorrow
on my account; and vowed the greatest ven-
geance on the assassin. He offered me a part
of his guards, who under the pretext of pro-
tecting me, were to admit the remainder into
my chamber at midnight to murder me.
Exactly at midnight on the eve of St. Bar-
* Afterwards the celebrated Henry IV.
13*
150
tholomew, (so called) 1572, the alarm bell
was rting in the Palais Royale, as the signal
of death. About five hundred Protestant
Barons, Knights, and Gentlemen, who had
come from all parts to honor the wedding,
were among the rest barbarously butchered
in their beds. The Gentlemen, officers of
the chamber, Governors, Tutors, and house-
hold servants of the King of Navarre, and
Prince of Conde, were driven out of their
chambqgp where they slept in the Louvre,
and being in the court were massacred in the
King's presence. The slaughter was now
general through the city, and as Thuanus
writes " that the very channels ran down with
blood into the river."* This was however
magnified as a glorious action, and the King,
who was one of the most active murderers,
boasted that he had put 70,000 heretics to
death.
It is scarcely possible that it can even be
supposed, that I can describe the horrors of
that Sunday night. I might quote the words
of a French author who wrote the history of
France from the reign of Henry II. to Henry
IV. and say, " How strange and horrible a
" thing it was, in a large town to see at least
"60,000 men with pistols, pikes, cutlasses,
44 poniards, knives and other bloody instru-
" ments, run svreariag and blaspheming the
* Vide Thuan. Hist. lib. 52. 1572. Tom. 2. fol. 821. Genera,
1620.
151
** sacred Majesty of God through the streets
44 into houses, where most cruelly they mas-
44 sacred all whomsoever they met, without
" regard of estate, condition, sex, or age.
" The streets paved with bodies cut and
44 hewn to pieces; the gates and entries of
"houses, palaces, and public places dyed
44 with blood. Shoutings and hallooings of
44 the murderers, mixed with continual noise
" of pistols and calivers discharged; the piti-
44 ful cries and shrieks of those that were mur-
" dering. Slain bodies cast out of the win-
44 dows upon the stones and drawn through
44 the dirt. Strange noise of whistling, break-
4 ing of doors and windows with bills and
44 stones. The spoiling and sacking of hous-
44 es. Carts, some carrying away the spoils,
44 others the dead bodies, which were thrown
44 into the river Seine, all now red with blood,
44 which ran out of the town and from the
" King's Palace." While the horrid scene
was transacting many Priests ran about the
City with crucifixes in one hand and daggers
in the other, to encourage the slaughter.
A band of ruffians soon rushed into my
chamber, while I was upon my knees suppli-
cating my King. Immediately they (did
what they called) despatched me, while the
young Duke of Guise waited at the door in
expectation of receiving my head to present
it to the inhuman King, and his bratal mother.
To those who are unacquainted with the pow-
152
er of our King, my testimony may appear
incredible when I affirm, that my head was
really severed from my body, and after being
presented to the King and his mother, she
sent it embalmed to Rome, as a present to
the prisoner and the Cardinal of Lorrain.
Not satisfied with what they had done to me,
they proceeded to deprive me of some of the
members of my body, after which I was drag-
ged through the streets of the city for three
days, and then hung up by my feet to a gib-
bet at Montfaucon. The general opinion in
France was that I was dead, and I am cer-
tain the prisoner had no idea of seeing me
alive again.
He now gave Charles IX. public thanks
for his infernal work. He ordered the most
solemn rejoicings at Rome. He sung Te
Deum, and presumed to give the Almighty
public thanks for this victory. He also issued
forth a Bull for a Jubilee to be observed
throughout the kingdom of France on the 7th
day of December, 1572, as a particular day
of great and unusual joy for what he called the
happy success of the French King against his
heretic or protestant subjects. He also exhort-
ed Charles to pursue this salutary and blessed
enterprise, and fall upon them who called in
question his usurped supremacy. This cruel
slaughter brought on a fourth civil war. A
fresh peace was concluded in the year 1573,
with the protestants: yet a war broke out the
next year, when Charles IX. stained with the
blood of thousands of his subjects, which
called for vengeance, was seized by order of
our Sovereign, by one of his officers, named
Mr. Death, and from that time has been de-
tained a prisoner in the fiery cell under the
charge of the keeper of the black gulf. He
left no issue on earth.
Cross-examined by Counsellor Quibble.
Q. You are the first man I ever heard
speak after he lost his head!
A. Although I may be the first man that
you have heard speak after his head has been
severed from his body, I am not the first that
has appeared as a witness after being slain.
John the beloved servant of our King de-
clares, and this court knows it to be a fact,
that those who were " slain for the word of
" God, and the testimony which they held,"
not only spake after, but spake with a loud
voice and applied to our Lord for judgment
against their murderers, and were gracious-
ly heard.* And he also testifies, that he
saw on thrones such as were, like me, really
beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for
the word of God, and which had not worship-
ped the beast, Antichrist, or his image; t and
that they lived and reigned afterwards with
our Sovereign King. For my own part I
declare that 1 have enjoyed now more real life
* BCT, vi. 911, t Rv, xx 4,
154
from the day I was beheaded than ever I
did before.
Father Paul, sworn.
Q. As you wrote the History of the Coun-
cil of Trent, will you relate to the court what
you know of the prisoner, and some of the
proceedings of that rebellious assembly?
A. The Council of Trent was first summoned
by the prisoner under the name of Paul III.
It first met on the 13th of December, 1545,
and continued about nineteen years. Previ-
ous to the opening of it, the prisoner proclaim-
ed a Jubilee at Rome, promising pardon of
all sins, to all who prayed for the council,
confessed their sins, went in procession, and
fasted three days. The council was opened
by the Legate Monte, who sung the Mass of
the Holy Ghost. Previous to the meeting of
this Council, the prisoner by his base conduct,
had caused many in Germany and other parts
of Europe to reject his authority. By the
name of Urban II. about the year 1100 he
first set up the money making trade of vending
indulgences, and by the name of Leo X. in
1517, he acquired immense sums from all
Europe. Leo however divided the profits with
his sister Magdalene, the wife of Cibo, bastard
of Innocent VIII. by reason of which Leo
was made a Cardinal when he was only four-
teen years old. Leo gave his sister all the
profits arising from indulgences in Saxony
and a part of Germany, and she set them up
for sale to the highest bidder. The pardon
mongers collected immense sums from every
nation they were sent to, as appears by one
Friar Samson, who collected 120,000 crowns
among the Swiss only.
The prisoner having changed his name to
Adrian VI. in the year 1522, and to that of
Clement VII. in 1524, and to Paul III. in
1534 he created his illegitimate son Peter
Aloisius, Duke of Parma and Placentia, and
a son of his a Cardinal at the age of fourteen.
A son of his illegitimate daughter Constanza,
was also made another; and his conduct was
such, that he was detested by every honest '
man. His bastard Peter was assassinated in
his own palace two years after. In the year
1549, he gave up the name of Paul III. in a
violent fit of passion, and assumed that of
Julius III. when he sent cardinal Pole as his
Legate into England, to restore Great Britain
to his authority, bloody Queen Mary having
ascended the throne. This darling of the
prisoner within one year burnt 176 persons of
quality, and others who rejected his authority.
To please him she also dug up bodies out of
their graves after being buried four years.
Many also were burnt in France by the priso-
ner"^ orders. He commissioned the King to
grant to Diana Valentiha, his mistress, all the
goods confiscated for heresy: this covetous
harlot required the death of multitudes to sup-
port her in her abominations, as a true daugh-
ter of the Church.
The prisoner having for a few years only
assumed the name of Marcellus II. he changeid
it to Paul IV. he then presumed to absolve
England from the crime of rejecting his su-
premacy in the reigns of Henry VIII. and
Edward VI. After which he wrote to his
own pet Mary, for the Peter's Pence, and the
restoration of land, that he claimed as St.
Peter's property. He told the people of Eng-
land " that they could not hope that St. Peter
" would open heaven unto them so long as
"they usurped his goods upon earth;" and
thus duped them out of a great deal of money.
He also created a number of Cardinals con-
trary to his most solemn oath; and when
reminded of it in the conclave, he declared it
heresy to suppose that the Pope could be
bound, or bind himself.
Notwithstanding the infamous conduct of
the Fathers* who composed the Council of
Trent, and the prisoner, he presumed to de-
clare, that the Council was guided by the Holy
Ghost: so that a blasphemous proverb was
generally used " that the Council of Trent was
"guided by the Holy Ghost sent hither from
" time to time in a cloak-bag from Rome."
I have taken notice of the laws this Council
made, though some of them are too absurd
* Trent was the rendezvous for prostitutes from every quarter
during the sitting of the Council.
for any meaning to be attached to them, and
therefore the prisoner prohibited any other than
he should choose. But he clearly decreed-
Himself to be Vicar of Christ His church the
only true church The doctrine of transubstau-
tiation Merit of good works Purgatory -In-
vocation of Saints Veneration of Images
Seven Sacraments His power to grant Indul-
gences, to anathematize heretics, and to lay
a prohibition on the use of the Scriptures. Ah'd
that every thing decreed and declared by tiie
Council of Trent should be believed. He also
prohibited, by the name of Pius IV. the annota-
tions on the New Testament written by Eras-
mus, which he had sanctioned by the name of
Leo X. His Inquisitors also made out a list of
books to be condemned with their authors; and
even .prohibited all books printed by 62 print-
ers to be read, whether good or bad. The
prisoner was known by five different appella-
tions during the time the Council sat.
Q. Do you know how many Protestants the
prisoner put to death in the Netherlands?
A. Yes. In a very short time he hanged,
burned, buried alive, and beheaded 50,000.
Cross examined by Mr. Eyuivocator.
Q. Are you not a Priest?
A. I am; but it is well known, that I was
never fully reconciled to his authority.
Q. On your oath, were you promised pardon
in consideration of given evidence?
A. I gave my testimony voluntarily, I was
never promised pardon for so doing.
14
158
William Tindal, sworn*
This witness said that he was born in Wales.
That he wished to translate the Bible into the
English tongue, but was prevented in England.
That he went to Germany and there transla-
ted, first the New and afterwards the Old Tes-
tament, which being sent over into Great Bri-
tain produced much good. That in conse-
quence of his publishing the word of God, the
prisoner and his hireling Bishops thirsted for his
blood. That during the reign of Henry VTII.
one Henry Philips was sent to seize him at Ant-
werp. That he was imprisoned, tried and con-
demned. And that in the year 1536 he was
chained to a stake atFilfbrd, and burnt, (as was
supposed to death.)
Thomas Bennet, School-Master of Exeter, sworn.
Q. Did not the prisoner attempt to kill your
in the reign of Henry VIII.
A* He did. I wrote some papers which I
placed on the doors of the Cathedral and other
Churches saying that the Pope is Antichrist,
and we ought to worship God only and no
Saint. This gave great offence to the priests
under the prisoner's government, and they by
his authority, proceeded to curse the author,,
with Bell, Books, and Candle. The Priest wha
was to pronounce the curse, being in the pulpit
clothed in white; and the Friars and Monks
standing about him, a Cross was held up with
Candles fixed on it, when he pronounced the fol-
lowing words: " By the authority of God the
" Father Almighty, and the Blessed Virgin Ma-
" ry, of St. , Peter and Paul, and of the holy
159
** Saints, we excommunicate, we utterly curse
44 and bann, commit and deliver to the devil of
44 hell, him or her, whomsover he or she be, that
44 have in spite of God, and of St. Peter, whose
44 church this is. in spite of the holy Saints, and
" in spite of our Most Holy Father the Pope,
" God's Vicar here on earth, and in spite of the
" Reverend Father in God, John, our Diocesan,
44 and the worshipful Canons, Masters, Priests,
44 and Clerks, which serve God daily in this Ca-
44 thedral church, fixed up with wax such cursed
" and heretical bills, full of blasphemy, upon the
44 door of this and other holy churches within
44 this city. Excommunicate be he, or they, ple-
44 narily, and delivered over to the devil, as per-
44 petual malefactors and schismatics. Accursed
44 they be, and given body and soul to the devil.
44 Cursed be they, he or she, in cities and towns,
44 in fields and ways, in houses and out of houses,
44 and all other places, standing, lying, or rising,
44 walking, running, waking, sleeping, eating
44 drinking, and whatsoever thing they do be-
44 side. We separate them, him, or her, from the
" threshold, and from all the good prayers of
44 the church, from the participation of the holy
44 Mass, from all Sacraments, Chapels, and
44 Altars, from holy bread and holy water, from
44 all the merits of God's priests, and religious
44 men, and from all their cloisters, from all their
44 pardons, privileges, grants, and immunities,
44 which all the holy Fathers, Popes of Rome,
* 4 have granted to them. And we give them over
44 utterly to the power of the devil, and let us
* quench their souls, if they be dead this night,
160
" in the pains of hell-fire as this candle is now
44 quenched and put out." And with that he
put out one of the candles.
"And let us pray to God, if they be alive,
4k that their eyes may be put out, as this candle-
" light is." Here he put out another candle.
" Let us pray to God and our Lady, and to St.
" Peter and St. Paul, and all holy saints, that
44 all the senses of their bodies may fail them
" and that they may have no feeling, as now the
4i light of this candle is gone;" putting out the
third candle; " except they, he, or she, come
" openly now and confess their blasphemy, and
' by repentance (as in them shall lie) make sat-
" isfaction unto God and our Lady, St. Peter and
44 the worshipful company of this Cathedral
44 church."
Q. How did you act, after you heard this
anathema pronounced?
A. I wrote other papers till I w r as apprehend-
ed, when I confessed myself to be the author,
and that I would do the same to discover Anti-
christ, or the Pope, who wasted the church of
God. After refusing to recant, I was condemn-
ed to be burnt, delivered over to the Sheriff of
Devonshire for execution, and in Livery-dale
without Exeter, I was chained to the stake.
Several Martyrs, who suffered in England
during the reign of Queen Mary I. were now in-
troduced into the Court to give their evidence
against the prisoner. Only a few were examined.
John Rogers, sworn
Q. Were you the first man in England who
suffered by fire during the reign of Queen Mary?
A. I was. Mary was employed by the Pris-
oner at the bar, as his common executioner in
England, and she made a greater proficiency in
kindling fires, to burn hr Protestant subjects,
than an hangman before her time.
Q. lit what year did she begin her reign?
A. In the year 1553; on the death of Edward
VI. Lady Jane Gray had been proclaimed a-
greeable to the request of Edward, but Mary,
who by intrigue and flattery first drew th6
county of Norfolk to support her claim, soon
obtained the crown. She then cut off the head
of the Lady Jane and her husband Lord Guil-
ford Dudley. Having established herself on the
throne, she proceeded like a female fury to re-
establish Popery. Cardinal Pole was restored,
and introduced to both houses of Parliament
as the Pope's Legate, and addressed them upon
the occasion. The parliament after this drew
a petition acknowledging their sorrow for
having rejected the priscmer's authority, re-
questing to be pardoned for their offences, and
restored into the bosom of the Church of Rome.
This petition being delivered to the Cardinal,
he gave them absolution m these words: "We
" (by the apostolic authority given unto us, by
" the Most Holy Lord, Pope Julius the third,
" Christ's vicegerant on earth,) do absolve and
" deliver you, and every of you, with the whole
" Realm and Dominions thereof, from all heresy
" and schism, and from all Judgments, Censured,
" and Pains, for that curse incurred: and also
*' we do restore you again to the unity of our
" Mother the holy Church." The report ol this
14*
162
coming to Rome, caused great joy. The priso-
ner published a Bull for a Jubilee, and went in
procession to manifest the pleasure he felt on
this occasion. He then delegated Mary to be
his agent in England to put to death such as
rejected Popery, and I with many others were
dragged to prison.
Q. Were you not once one of his Priests?
A. I was. I was educated at Cambridge,
but being chosen chaplain to the factory at Ant-
werp, I became acquainted with Tindal and
Coverdale, who were translating the Bible.
Through their instrumentality, by the word I
assisted them to translate, I was led to see the
yile conduct of the prisoner and to reject his
authority. After this I married and travelled
into Saxony, and preached the gospel of Jesus
Christ for some years. Upon the accession of
King Edward VI. I came into England, and was
appointed a Prebend of St. Paul's, where I was
stationed on the return of Popery. On a com-
plaint being made that I preached the doctrines
of the reformation, I was cited before the Pris-
oner's bishop, and condemned as a heretic.
During my confinement I drew up an answer to
the charges brought against me, and vindicated
the doctrines of the atonement and justification
by the imputed righteousness of Christ.
After undergoing the ceremony of degrada-
tion, I was conducted to the flames in Smith-
field. My Wife with her ten children, with me
requested an interview before I was chained to
the stake, but so little of the milk of human
kindness did my enemies possess, that our uni-
163
ted request was not granted. I was chained to
the stake, and the flames were kindled round
me, which continued to burn till I was delivered
out of their sight: this was in the year 1555.
Laurence Saunders, William Pigot, Stephen
Knight, Thomas Tomkins, Thomas Hawks,
John Lawrence, and William Hunter, being
sworn, said that they were chained to separate
stakes and burnt by order of the Prisoner.
Lawrence affirmed that when he was brought
to Colchester to be executed, his legs being so
worn by heavy irons in prison and his body so
weak, that he was obliged to be carried in a
chair to the stake, and the fire kindled round
him sitting.
Robert Farriar, Bishop of St. David's and
Rawlins White a Fisherman, both of Wales,
were next examined. They proved that they
suffered in like manner by the prisoner's orders.
A pile of iron chains was now produced to
the Court, which had been used by the prisoner,
to bind the witnesses and others to stakes.
Rowland Taylor, vicar of Audley in Essex,
being examined, affirmed, that he was cited be-
fore the Bishop of Winchester, whose name
was Stephen Gardner, and who next to Bonner
was one of the Prisoner's most active and cruel
executioners. That he was sent up to London
to the Queen's Bench prison and after repeated
examinations was condemned to be burnt as a
heretic. That he was sent down to his parish
to be executed. That as he entered Hadley the
streets were lined with his old parishioners,
who in general manifested their sorrow on his
164
account. That at Aldham-Common, the place
of execution, he addressed the spectators, say-
ing, " I have taught you nothing but God's
" holy word, and am come hither to seal with
" my blood, those doctrines I have delivered
" unto you." That being chained to the stake
and the fire kindled, he was burned till he was
delivered out of the fire, and left nothing but a
few ashes, which led the prisoner and others to
suppose that he was dead.
Bishop Latimer, sworn.
Q. Did not the prisoner attempt to burn you?
A. He did. Upon the accession of Mary, I
with Bishop Ridley and Archbishop Cranmer,
were sent to the Tower, and from thence to Ox-
ford, to dispute with twelve men under the pris-
oner's government, selected from Cambridge
and Oxford. When the disputation was ended,
we were brought as prisoners on a stage, and
asked " whether we should persist in our opin-
ions or recant." We all affirmed that we
would persist, and were then condemned as her-
etics, to be burnt, but our execution was sus-
pended for some time.
Q. Was Nicholas Ridley, the Bishop, chain-
ed to the stake with you?
A. He was. We were both chained together
at one stake in Oxford. I was then about four-
score years of age, and my infirmities much
increased by the severity of my confinement,
yet as my day was, so strength was given.
Having long since declined my ecclesiastical
dignity, I appeared at the stake without any
165
clerical habit. Ridley and I embraced and en-
couraged each other at the stake: he said to
me, " God will either assuage the fury of the
" flames, or enable us to endure it," and so he
did. The faggots being kindled I was soon ta-
ken in a fiery chariot to my King, but Ridley
was delayed for some time longer, when he
was mercifully delivered in like manner.
Bishop Ridley, being examined, confirmed
the testimony of the last witness.
Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, sworn.
Q. Did not the prisoner condemn you?
A. He did, but I suffered for a long time in
confinement before he attempted to execute the
sentence. I was also so weak, that one day by
threats and promises I was persuaded to sign
my recantation, though not the one published
by cruel Bonner. This however availed me
nothing, "The tender mercies of the prisoner are
" cruel." I was required to ratify my recanta-
tion publicly, and then to die for heresy.
Being called upon to address the people in St.
Mary's Church, Oxford, my enemies were thun-
derstruck at hearing me express my sorrow, for
my apostacy and weakness, and declared the
Pope to be Antichrist, and that I would first
burn my unworthy right hand that signed the
recantation.
Immediately a violent clamor ensued, and I
was hurried to the place of execution. A fire
being kindled round me, I held my right hand
in the flame till it was burnt, repeating " this
"unworthy hand this unworthy hand," and
calling upon the Redeemer in the words of Ste-
166
phen, " Lord Jesus receive my spirit," when I
was rescued out of their hands. This was on
the 14th day of February, 1556, at Oxford.
George Marsh affirmed that by order of the
prisoner, he was burnt at Westchester. Robert
Smith, that he was burnt at Uxbridge. Thomas
Whittle, that he and six more were burnt in one
fire at Smithfield, on the 27th of January, 1556.
Anne Albright, said that she and three other
women and one man, were burnt at two stakes
and one fire at Canterbury, the 31st day of
January. Joan Trunchfield and Agnes Potter,
both married women, that they were burnt at Ips-
wich. Robert Drake, that he and five more suf-
fered at the one fire in Smithfield, on the 23d
day of April, in the same year. Catharine Hut,
that she and two other women were treated in
like manner at the said place. Thomas Drowry,
a blind boy, that he and one Thomas Croker
were burnt atGlouster. Ralph Jackson, that he,
ten men and two women, in all thirteen, were by
the prisoner's order, burnt together in one fire
at Stratford, near London, on the 27th day of
June. That the Dean of St. Paul's having de-
clared, in a sermon he preached after their con-
demnation, that they held as many different
opinions as persons, they drew up and signed a
declaration of their faith, part of which declared,
" That the See of Rome, was the See of Anti-
" christ, the congregation of the wicked, where-
" of the Pope is head under the devil."
Upwards of two hundred other witnesses were
in court, who were martyred in the reign of
Queen Mary, but the Attorney General said,
167
that as it was not necessary to examine them to
prove the guilt of the prisoner, he would only
bring forward one witness to prove the number
that were burnt during her short but cruel reign.
Mr. Historical Truth again examined.
Q. Do you recollect how many were burnt
during the reign of Queen Mary?
A. I do. She burnt 1 Archbishop, 4 Bishops,
21 Ministers, 8 Gentlemen, 34 Artificers, 1000
Husbandmen, Servants, and Laborers, 26
Wives, 20 Widows, 9 unmarried women, 2
Boys and 2 infants; one 6f them was whipped
to death by Bishop Bonner, and the other
springing out of the mother's womb from the
stake, as she burned, was thrown again into
the fire. Several died in prison, and many
were otherwise cruelly treated.*
Q. Were these burnt by the prisoner's orders?
A. Yes. He not only presumes to put to
death those whom he calls heretics, but his Bi-
shops take an oath, that heretics, schismatics,
and rebels to the Holy Father, (or the prisoner)
they will resist and persecute.
One of his annotations on the new Testament
says, " Protestants foolishly expound it (i.e. Ba-
" bylon noticed in Rev. xvii. 6.) of Rome, for
" there they put heretics to death, and allow of
" their punishment in other countries. But their
" blood is not called the blood of Saints, no
" more than the blood of thieves, man-killers,
" and other malefactors; for the shedding of
" which by order of justice, no commonwealth
".shall answer."t
* Vide Guthrie's Gram. England.
t Rhemish Translation. Rev. 17: 6.
168
Sir John Temple, sworn.
Q. Did you write the History of the Rebel-
lion in Ireland, in 1641?
A. I did. It was printed in Dublin.
Q. Do you believe that the prisoner was the
ringleader of that rebellion?
A. He certainly was. His own Bulls shew
that he was deeply concerned in that dreadful
insurrection. When he was known by the name
of Urban VII. he publicly by a Bull promised
to reward the Catholics of Ireland, with a plen-
ary Indulgence, and remission of all their sins.
I can repeat a part of the Bull in his own words,
they are as follows. " Urbanus Octavus, &c.
" Having taken into our serious consideration
" the great zeal of the Irish towards the propa-
" gating the Catholic faith; and having got cer-
" tain notice, how in imitation of their godly
" and worthy ancestors, they endeavor, by
"force of arms, to deliver their thralled nation
" from the oppression of the heretics and gal-
" lantly do in them that lieth to extirpate and to-
" tally root out those workers of iniquity, who in
" the kingdom of Ireland had infested the mass
44 of Catholic purity with the pestiferous leaven of
" their heretical contagion. We therefore, being
" willing with the gifts of spiritual grace where-
** of we are ordained the only disposers on Earth,
" and by virtue of that power of binding and
" loosing of souls which God was pleased to
" confer upon us, to all and every one of the
" faithful Christians in the aforesaid kingdom
" of Ireland, now and for the time militating
" against heretics, do grant full and plenary in-
169
" diligence, and absolute remission of all their
"sins. Desiring heartily all of the faithful in
" Christ now in arms, to be partakers of this
" most precious treasure.
" Dated at Rome, in the Vatican of St.PeterV
palace, May 25th, 1643, in the 20th year of
our Pontificate. A. M. MARALDUS."*
He also wrote to the rebel, O'Neal, October
18th, 1642, and to the Popish Clergy and No-
bles of Ireland to the same effect.
Q. Were many murdered in the year 1641?
A. Yes, many thousands, in a cruel manner.
Mr. Hume, the Historian, sworn.
Q. Do you recollect how many are supposed
to have been killed in the Irish massacre?
A. " By some computations, those who per-
" ished by those cruelties are made to amount
" to 150, or 200,000; by the most moderate,
" and perhaps the most probable accounts, they
" must have been near 40,000."t
The Clerk of the Crown then read extracts
from several examinations taken by virtue of
commissions under the great seal of Ireland;
recorded in the archives of Dublin, and in pos-
session of the Clerk of the Council.
Dr. Maxwell, the deponent, said that the re-
bels confessed to him that they killed one morn-
ing, in the county of Antrim, 954 persons, and
1 100 or 1200 more in the same county. Owen
Frankland and others said, .that above 1000
* Vide Trial of Lord M'Guire, for high treason.
t Hume's History of England, vol. 6.
15
170
were drowned in one river, in the county of Ar-
magh. Many others murdered; 50 at Black-
t^ater Church. William Blundell was drawn
by the neck up and down Blackwater, and three
weeks afterward he with his wife and seven
children drowned. A wife was compelled to
hang her husband; 22 Protestants put into a
thatched house at Kilmore and burned; 1500
murdered in 3 parishes; 200 stript naked and
put into the church at Loughgall, and above
100 murdered. John Gregg was quartered alive,
and his quarters thrown in the face of his fa-
ther, who was afterwards quartered in the pre-
sence of his wife. 500 were murdered at Ar-
magh, besides 48 families near it. 18 Scotch
Infants hanged on clothier's tenter-hooks in the
county of Tyrone, and 140 women killed by 2
rebels, 45 by one woman, 316 at Dungannon,
300 in their way to Colerain, and 400 drowned
in the said county. At Sligo, the protestants
being all taken to jail, at midnight they were
stripped naked and 2 butchers hired to kill them
all with axes, &c. The White-friars who em-
ployed the butchers, afterwards pretended with
holy water to purify the river from the stain of
heretic's blood. In most Counties nearly all
the English that could be taken were murdered;
at Kilkenny 7 were hanged, and one Irishman
because he was taken in their company. At
the same and other places men and women being
stript naked, such as covered their nakedness
with straw, it was set on fire by the rebels; 22
171
widows and others in the King's County, who
had covered themselves with straw, which was
fired. Many who escaped, died naked, and
some with children in their arms, by the frost
and snow. Most women that were pregnant
had their bellies ripped up. Lieu. Maxfield was
dragged out of bed, raving in a burning fever
and murdered. His wife also, who was great with
child and in labor, was stript naked and drown-
ed in ftie river Blackwater, the child half born.
Mr. Protestant Observer, sworn..
Q. Do you live in Ireland?
A. I do.
Q. Were there not a great number of Protest-
ants burnt in Scullabogue barn by rebels under
the prisoner's authority?
A. There were to the number of 184 men,
women and children, besides 37 that were mur-
dered before the barn.
Q. Were there a number murdered on Wex-
ford bridge?
A. There were a very considerable number;
attended with the most shocking marks of bru-
tality and savageness scarcely to be equalled by
any tribe of cannibals. The manner, in gener-
al, of putting them to death, was thus: Two
rebels pushed their pikes into the breast of the
victim and two into his T)ack; and in this state
(writhing with torture,) they held him suspen-
ded till dead, and then threw him over the
bridge into the water.
172
After they had massacred ninety-seven pri-
soners in that manner, an express came to in-
form them that Vinegar-hill was attacked by
the King's troops, and that they must repair to
the Camp. This providentially saved the lives
of the remainder of the Protestants, then pris-
oners in gaol and on board the prison ship.
It was no doubt the intention of the rebels to
extirpate every Protestant as soon as they
could obtain a decided superiority over the
government.
Q,. On what day did the massacre take place
on the bridge?
A. On the 20th day of June 1798. On that
day they proceeded from the gaol to the bridge
with a Black flag, with a cross and the letters
M. W. S. inscribed on it in white; which was
supposed to mean murder without sin, and on
the other side a red cross. In this manner
from ten to twenty prisoners were taken at a
time to be murdered, surrounded by pike-men
and attended by a mob of more women than
men, who expressed their savage joy by loud
huzzas.
Q. Were any Priests under the Prisoner's
government concerned in this rebellion?
A. Yes, many, some of whom acted as Rebel
Generals, and were the most active ringleaders
in the rebellion. One Roche, pretended that
he was in the habit of catching the bullets that
came from the soldiers' arms and that he gave
them to his men to load their pieces with!!
173
Another named Murphy, in a sermon assured
them, that bullets flew about without hurting
them, except a. few who wanted faith.*
Q. Were you in Dublin in the year 1803?
A. I was.
Q. Do you recollect the 23d of July in that
year?
A. I do. I also recollect that in the evening
of that day another rebellion broke out in Dub-
lin, when several Protestants were murdered in
the streets, among whom was Lord Kilwarden,
who was piked to death.
Q. Have you heard of a seditious society, in
the city calling itself the Catholic Board?
A. I have. I have been present at some of
their meetings and have read several of their
inflammatory resolutions.
Q. What object do they profess to have in
view?
A. To petition the Legislature for Catholic
Emancipation; but while they profess to meet
for this purpose, they abuse the Government,
vilify the rulers, defy the law, collect and levy
money to support the disaffected, and cause dis-
content and sedition to spread throughout the
country.
Q. Do they acknowledge the Prisoner at the
bar?
A. They profess the Roman Catholic Reli-
gion, are most violent enemies to Protestants
who disown their usurped authority; these they
* See Sir Richard Musgrave's History of the Rebellion.
15*
174
denominate Orangemen. When they speak of
an Orangeman, they mean a Protestant; as
when they speak of an Irishman, they mean a
Papist.
Q. Did you ever hear any of them speak at
any of their meetings?
A. I have heard several of them speak at
different times, some of whom are lawyers who
are very inflammatory.
Q. Did not a noted Doctor deliver a speech
at one of their meetings, calculated to show all
who are not wilfully blind, the object they have
in view?
A. There did. I heard him speak, and his
speech has since been published.*
Q. Do you recollect any part of it?
A. I do. Among other expressions, equally
pernicious, when speaking of the prisoner, he
observed, " But it is known that every Catho-
lic acknowledges him as supreme head of the
Church that the bishops correspond with him
as a father that they receive his pastoral in-
struction." When speaking of an oath pro-
posed by some of their friends in the British
Parliament, he observes, that to " take an oath
" not to seek, directly or indirectly, the subver-
" sion of the Protestant Church! Why this
" would be to abuse the divine command!" As
if the Almighty had given them a command to
overthrow the Protestant Faith. And he fur-
* See Dr. Drumgoole's Speech. Dublin Evening Post, Dec. 11.
1813.
175
ther observes, " If the Church of England tren>
bles for its safety, it must seek it elsewhere, we
have no securities to give!" Afterwards he
adds, " It shall fall, and nothing but the memo-
" ry of the mischiefs it has created shall survive.
" Already the approaching marks of ruin are
" upon it."
He afterwards, in speaking of the Protestant
Religion under the name of the Established
Church, presumed to predict its speedy and to-
tal dawnfall. He declared, " It shall fall, and
" nothing but the memory of the mischiefs it
" has created shall survive. Already the marks
" of approaching ruin are upon it; it has had its
" time upon earth a date nearly as long as any
"other Novelty; and when the time arrives,
" shall Catholics be called, by the sacred bond
" of an oath, to uphold a system which they be-
" lieve will be one day rejected by the whole earth?
" Can they be induced to swear that they would
" oppose even the present Protestants of Eng-
" land, if ceasing to be truants they thought fit
" to return to their ancient worship, and to
" have a Catholic King, and a Catholic Parlia-
" ment?"
Q. Do you consider the sentiment express-
by this Doctor to be the sentiment of all with
whom he is connected in this society?
A. I certainly do. I believe that all under
the Prisoner's authority are hostile to the pro-
testant faith and a protestant government. I
remember in the year 1803, one Father Gavan,
176
published in Dublin a book called Maries of
Truth, in which he declares that the remnant
of the Protestants left are only reserved as a
judgment from God to share the same fate as
others have before them.
Q. Has not the Irish Government lately pro-
hibited the meeting of this inflammatory board?
A. They have, and if they act decidedly,
they may prevent much mischief. This Board
has long been a public nuisance, and the cause
of much mischief in the country; I have no
doubt but that they have been the cause of much
blood being spilt, and that some of their orators
will be answerable for it.
The Attorney General, after the examination
of a very considerable number of respectable
witnesses, observed, that many more might be
called who could more fully prove the prisoner
to be the prompter of the rebellions of 1641,
1798, and 1803. But he considered it altogeth-
er unnecessary. Some of the shocking barbari-
ties were accompanied with circumstances too
cruel and indecent to be noticed here; they are
however printed in several books.
Only two more witnesses were called, the first
to prove, that the prisoner did presume to ap-
point places of refuge for murderers, thieves,
&c.
King Edward, the Confessor, swot n.
Q. Do you know whose hand- writing this is?
(A paper produced to this witness.)
A. I do. I wrote it by order of the Prisoner.
177
(It was read by the Clerk of the Crown.)
" Edward, by the Grace of God, King of
" Englishmen. I make it to be known by all
"generations of the world after me, that by
" special commandment of our Holy Father
" Pope Leo, I have renewed and honored the
" holy church of the blessed Apostle St. Peter,
" of Westminster. And I order and establish
" for ever, that what person, of what condition
" or estate soever he be, from whence ever he
" comes, or for what offence or cause it be,
" flying for his refuge into the said Holy Place,
" he be assured of his life, liberty, and limbs.
" And over this, I forbid under pain of everlast-
" ing damnation, that no minister of mine or
" my successors, intermeddle them with any
" goods, lands, or possessions of the said per-
" sons taking the said sanctuary. For I have
" taken their good and livelode into my special
" protection.
" And therefore, I grant to every and each
" of them, in as much as my terrestrial power
" may suffice, all manner of joyous liberty.
" And whoever presumes, or doth contrary to
" this my grant, I will that he lose his name,
" worship, dignity and power; and that with the
" great traitor Judas, that betrayed our Saviour,
" he be in the everlasting fire of Hell. And I
" will and ordain, that this my grant endure as
"long as there remaineth in England, either
" love or dread of Christain name."
178
Q. Did many thieves, murderers, and other
scandalous characters occupy this building?
A. They did till they were so very numerous,
that I was obliged to build a new Church on
the north side for their use, which was dedica-
ted to St. Margaret.*
Mons. Paris, sworn.
This witness proved that the prisoner had
sanctioned the dethronement of the descendants
of Louis of France, by coming from Rome to
Paris, and crowning one Nepoleon Buona-
parte, Emperor, who had long been the plague
and scourge of Europe, but who now is happily
transported to the Isle of Elba! By this coronation
act of the prisoner, he sanctioned the transferring
of the allegiance of France from Louis to the
Usurper.
Cross-examined by Counsellor Equivocator.
Q. You say that the prisoner at the bar
sanctioned the dethronement of the descendant
of Louis of France: now upon your oath, do
you not believe that what he did was by
compulsion?
A. I admit that it is probable that he might
have been compelled to do what he did in this
case.
Q. You admit that it might be probable, but
do you not know that it was impossible for
him to have avoided doing what he did?
Vide Maitland's History of London, vol. 2, p. 238.
179
A. I do not. I know that he refused to com-
ply with the demands of the usurper when his
own states and property were concerned, and
as he could resist and refuse to transfer what
he considered his own, so he might and ought
to have refused to sanction the transferring the
property of another to a plunderer.
The evidence here closed on the part of the
Prosecution.
COUNSELLOR QUIBBLE.
My Lords, and Gentlemen of the Jury, I, as
the assigned council for the prisoner at the bar,
feel it my duty to make such a defence as the
nature of the charge, and evidences will admit.
I am not under the necessity of making a long
statement in the defence of the prisoner, and
therefore shall not trouble the Court and Jury.
Gentlemen of the Jury, you will studiously en-
deavor to banish from your minds, every ex-
traneous matter you may have heard that does
not come within the charge preferred against my
Client; and only consider the evidences that
have been given on the part of the prosecution.
With respect to any question of law in this
case, I yield to the learned Lords on the Bench;
and as to matters of fact, they are solely for
the determination of you, Gentlemen of the
Jury, who are the sole judges of the testimony
you have heard from the witnesses.
The charge against the Prisoner at the bar
is High Treason, compassing the death of the
180
King and promoting Rebellion in all the earth.
He also stands charged with divers murders
in several countries, to wit, in Paris on the 24th
of August 1572, and in England, Ireland, Scot-
land, and other places. The evidence which
we have to produce is evidence of an alibi, viz.
that the prisoner w r as not at Paris on the 24th
of August 1572, nor in England, nor Ireland
nor Scotland, when these murders were com-
mitted. Should the evidence that will be pro-
duced raise in your minds, Gentlemen of the
Jury, any doubt of the prisoner's guilt, you w r ill
of course acquit him, for where there is a doubt
on the mind of a Jury, it is better that 500 guilty
persons should escape punishment than that
one innocent man should suffer. You will also
consider, Gentlemen, that your verdict of GUIL-
TY may place him in a premature grave.
There are circumstances I am here compel-
led to notice, that some of the evidences against
the prisoner are the evidences of common in-
formers. Who were Luther, Calvin, and others
that are called Reformers? Were they not once
Priests? Were they not once connected with
the prisoner? They violated their oaths when
they deserted his church, and the testimony
of such should be doubted. Gentlemen of the
Jury, the unfortunate Gentleman at the bar has
seen much better days. His situation really
calls for pity and not vengeance. He has
been a great sufferer of late. His influence is
much reduced. He has been made a complete
181
tool of. I am addressing you as sensible and
dispassionate men, and therefore I look up
with confidence to you, to give a verdict in
favor of my unfortunate client. We shall
now call some witnesses as to the character
of the prisoner; and the evidences he has by
means of his friends, been able to produce ia
his favor, will be weighed by your humanity.
Witnesses on behalf of the Prisoner.
Mr. Hate Controversy was first examined.
He said, that he had some knowledge of the
prisoner, that he thought him an honest man,
that he never differed with him, or liked peo-
ple to fall out about religion. On cross-exam-
ination Ire confessed he knew him only by
name.
Thteantts said, that he took notice of the
Waldenses and of the Parisian Massacre.
That to hds knowledge the prisoner was at
Rome at the time, as he was also in the reign
of Queen Mary, and at other times when he
was charged with committing murders in Eng-
land, Ireland, and other places. Several other
witnesses said the same. On cross-examina-
tion however they admitted that his govern-
ment extended to these places and that it was
by his laws they were put to death.
Mr. P. Painter said, that he had known the
prisoner more than 1200 years, that he had
painted many pictures for him, and that he
always paid him honestly.
16
182
C. Carpenter, B. Bricklayer, P. Plasterer,
S. Slater, P. Plumber, and C. Carver, gave
the prisoner a good character.
Demetrius Silversmith said, that he had
made more shrines by order of the prisoner
than ever were made for Diana of the Ephe-
sians, and that he always thought the prisoner
a very useful man. J. Jeweller and B* Bead-
maker said the same.
R. Robe-maker, said that he had received
many thousand orders from the prisoner,
whom he always respected much. That he
had made various sorts of robes for his Arch-
bishops and all the orders of his clergy. That
he took yearly some hundred thousands of
pounds for Gowns, Surplices, Scarfs, Sashes,
Cassocks, Bands, &c. and that in some coun-
tries, the bare washing of Surplices only
among one order of Clergy amounted to more
than 13,000 pounds a year.
Napoleon Buonaparte, being called, did not
appear. The reason was that having lately
been apprehended in France, by the Allied
Sovereigns of Europe, he had been transported
to the Isle of Elba.
Mr. Half Protestant said that he never knew
any harm of the Prisoner, That he always
thought more was said of him than was true.
183
That he respected the names of several wit-
nesses examined, such as Luther, and others,
but did not see the reason why they disagreed.
He admitted that he had heard of murders
committed by him, but thought he was much
altered for the better, and was quite a different
man. He thought that every one should keep
to the religion they were brought up to, and if
sincere it was all that God would require.
MR. SOLICITOR GENERAL.
My Lords and Gentlemen of the Jury, you
need not be under any apprehensions of intru-
ding too much on your time. If this was
only an ordinary case, I should make no ob-
servations; but it is not only a question as to
the guilt or innocence of the prisoner at the
bar, but of many thousands, who have been
more or less concerned in his treasonable
designs; and also of others who have con-
nived at his awful rebellion.
Gentlemen of the Jury, with respect to the
evidence which has been laid before you on
the part of the Crown, I shall be very brief.
I have little more than to call your attention
to, and follow the statement of my able friend
who first stated the case. Evidence has been
laid before you, to prove that a conspiracy
has existed for several hundred years to over-
throw the Government of Heaven, and com-
pass the death of our Sovereign Lord the
King. Gentlemen, the question is, whether
184
the Prisoner was a participator of that guilt;
you will determine by the evidences whether
he was not the very life and soul of that awful
conspiracy. You have heard it proved that
the prisoner lived at Rome as the Universal
Bishop^ Head of the Church and God on Earth.
That he committed numberless murders. The
small specimen that has been laid before you
must have made too great an impression on
your minds to require me to repeat them; and
these are few to the number that could have
been produced.
Gentlemen of the Jury, you will draw your
inferences from the testimony of the witnesses,
and not froia any statement of mine. There
is one witness, Mr. Historical Truth, who
from his knowledge of the prisoner's conduct
for several centuries, is enabled to give much
evidence. His testimony is confirmed by a
considerable number of Emperors, Kings, and
Queens. Martyrs, Reformers, and others
have confirmed their united testimony, and
inspired Apostles have satisfactorily proved
that all his power was usurped.
Gentlemen of the Jury, it has been stated
by the prisoner's counsel that the prisoner was
not at several places where he is charged with
committing murder. That he was not at
Paris on the 24th of August, 1572, and other
places. This the counsel must know is a mere
quibble. He was in Paris, he was in England,
and in Ireland, and wherever hi s government ex-
185
tended; wherever his agents executed his iaws
He has existed under a variety of names which
marks his guilt. His arrogance and ambition
have no example. It is a question if even Lu-
cifer himself could vie with him. The prisoner
has endeavored to storm the skies! To de-
throne the Almighty Thunderer! To be Uni-
versal Lord and claim the stars of Heaven.
Gentlemen, I shall not trespass further upon
your feelings, believing that your verdict wiH
be according to truth.
LORD CHIEF JUSTICE REVELATION
Addressed the Jury; when every minuticB of
evidence was summed up with legal precision
and ability. It would no doubt be gratifying
to some readers to have his charge at length,
but the limits of the trial will not admit. He
concluded by observing that he left the deter-
mination of this case entirely to the considera-
tion of the Jury; and that if they entertained
a rational doubt in their minds of the guilt of
the prisoner, they ought to acquit him.
The Jury did not retire from the box, bat
brought in their verdict Guilty.
The Clerk of the Crown called upon the
prisoner at the bar in the usual form, to know
what he had to say, why judgment of death
should not be awarded against him; when
the prisoner gave him a most expressive, sullen
look, and remained silent.
16*
186
THE LORD CHIEF JUSTICE addressed the pris-
oner in the most impressive manner. He told
him that he had been charged with the awful
crime of High Treason against the King of
Kings and Lord of Lords. That he had a
most patient trial, and that there was not a
doubt in the mind of the Court or Jury but
that he was guilty. He also said, that he was
sure that his concience must frequently have
told him that his rebellious conduct could not
fail to bring down the vengeance of heaven up-
on his guilty head. He concluded thus, " I call
" upon you now to attend to the sentence of the
" Court. You Antichrist, shall be taken from
" the place where you now stand to the place
" from whence you came, your irons are to
" be struck off, and you stript of all your pon-
" tifical vestments, splendor, pomp and dignity.
" From whence you shall be drawn upon a
" hurdle to the place of execution, where you
" shall be hung with the chain of restraint,
" but not until you are dead; but while }^ou are
" yet alive, your church, which is your body,
" shall be taken down and you deprived of the
" vitals of your religion. Then a mighty An-
" gel shall proclaim from Heaven, louder than
" the most tremendous peal of thunder, Babylon
" the great is fallen, is fallen* and that the
" hour of your judgment is come. Your head
" or dominion shall then be struck off with
' the sword of God's inflexible justice, when
* Rev. 18: 2.
187
" the Lord of Hosts will 'consume it with the
" spirit of his mouth, and destroy with the
" brightness of his coming.* Then another migh-
" ty Angel shall take up a stone, like a great mill-
" stone, and cast it into the sea, saying, thus with
" violence shall that great city, Babylon (or
" Rome) be thrown down, and shall be found no
" more at a//,t and you shall be utterly burned
" with Jlre, for strong is the Lord who judgeth
" yow.J And may the Lord have mercy upon
" the souls of all those who live under your
" government."
N. B. Some Protestant writers having by
mistake, noticed the time when the sentence
would be put in execution, it may not be
amiss to observe, that it was left entirely to
His Majesty's Sovereign will and pleasure.
* Thess. 2: 8. t Rev. 18: 21. t Rev. 18: a
FINIS.
CONTENTS.
INDICTMENT,
Jury,
Attorney-General's Speech,
Counsellor Quibble's ditto,
PAGE.
5
23
29
36
PRINCIPAL WITNESSES EXAMINED.
Historical Truth,
Phocas, Emperor,
Cardinal Bellarmine,
Emperor Bardanes,
Emperor Leo, . . .
Emperor Constantino,
Emperor Leo IV.
Childeric, King of France,
Henry IV. Emperor,
Basilaus II. King of Poland,
Leopold, Duke of Austria,
Henry VI. Emperor,
Alphonso, King of Galicia,
John, King of England,
Philip, Duke of Swabia,
Otho, Emperor,
Philip, King of France,
Fredrick II. Emperor,
Philip, King of France, .
Sigismond, Emperor, .
Lewis XII. of France,
Henry VIII. of England, . ,
Joan, Queen of Navarre, <
Elizabeth, Queen of England,
Henry III. of France, ^
Henry IV. of France, -,
James I. King of England,
Charles VI. Emperor, .
Hibernia Catholic, .
Apostle Peter, . .
Apostle Paul, . . *
34, 89, 78, 92, 106, 165
36
46
47
48
50
51
52
53
56
57
ib
58
ib
61
ib
62
ib
65
67
74
76
78
79
81
82
84
88
90
97
99
Peter de Bruis, 103
Arnold, 104
Gerald, Waldenses, . . . .105
Walter Lollard, 113
John Wickliff, 114
William Sawtre, 116
Thomas Badly, 117
Sir John Oldcastle, 118
John Huss, 119
Jerome of Prague, 120
Jeronimo Savonarola, . . . .121
Martin Luther, 124
Philip Melancthon, . . . . 139
Ulric Zuinglius, . . . . .141
Prince of Orange, . . . . 142
John Calvin, ...... ib
Peter Martyr, 144
Augustine Casal, . 145
Dennis Renix, . . . . . . 146
Admiral Coligny, . . . . .147
Father Paul, . . ",* '*' / . .154
William Tmdal, ..iv*"-- - 158
Thomas Bennet, . . . . ib
John Rogers, . . . . . .160
Laurance Saunders, &c 163
Bishop of St. David's, ..... ib
Rowland Taylor, . . . . . ib
B. Latimer and Ridley, . . . . 164
George Marsh, &c. . . . . .166
Sir Joha Temple, 168
Mr. Hume, 169
Dr. MaxwelJ, . . . >; . ib
Mr. Protestant Observer, . . . . 171
King Edward, Confeesor, . . . -'. 176
Monsieur Parie, 178
Hate Controversy, . . ii - . . 181
Thuanus, ib
R. Robemaker, 182
Buonaparte, ...... 183
Half Protestant, 184
