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BIOLOGY
TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V
LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 29, NUMBER 10
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
JUNE 17, 1963
BIOLOGY
TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V
LOUIS 0. WILLIAMS
Curator, Central American Botany
FIELDIANA: BOTANY
VOLUME 29, NUMBER 10
Published by
CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM
JUNE 17, 1963
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 61-17730
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY CHICAGO NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM PRESS
Tropical American Plants, V
The notes which make up this paper result from the study of
materials sent for determination and, especially, from the study
of the Melastomaceae in revising that family for the Flora of Guate-
mala.
I wish to express my thanks to those in charge of the several
herbaria where I have gone to study the collections or who have lent
critical specimens: United States National Herbarium, New York
Botanical Garden, Gray Herbarium, Arnold Arboretum, Missouri
Botanical Garden, Lundell Herbarium, University of Florida, Uni-
versity of California, Escuela Agricola Panamericana and University
of Michigan. Several persons have been most generous with their
time or specimens: John J. Wurdack, H. W. Rickett and Marcela
Cruz de Crary.
These studies and travel to other herbaria have been made pos-
sible by a grant from the National Science Foundation.
The previous paper in this series appeared in Brittonia, 14 : 441-
446. 1962.
PINACEAE
The Museum library has just received a copy of a pamphlet by
J. Ignacio Aguilar G., entitled Pinos de Guatemala. A note on the
back cover states that the publication was first circulated in May
1953 and that the second edition (presumably the one in hand) was
issued in November 1958; but the note is dated May 1961.
In the pamphlet a new form of pine is described; an old name for
a Guatemalan pine is put into a new combination as a form; a new
species is described but is said to date back to 1942, possibly in a
Catalogo del Museo National de Ciencias Naturales de La Aurora (in
our copy of which the name does not appear) . None of these names
are properly published and have no validity.
ANONACEAE
Unonopsis R. E. Fries is a small genus of some 25 species. Three
species have been recorded from Central America and Panama:
545
546 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
U. Pittieri Safford from the Canal Zone; U. Schippii Fries from
British Honduras but reduced by Standley in Flora of Guatemala to
U. Pittieri, perhaps incorrectly so; and U. costaricensis Fries from
the Meseta Central of Costa Rica. In addition to those, U. Storkii
is described below. It is a lowland species, but one in which the
monocarpia are somewhat elongated and have two to several seeds.
Another species, which is apparently undescribed, occurs in the Pal-
mar region of Costa Rica. It is a small tree (4 m.) with narrowly
elliptic leaves, the secondary nerves widely separated (1 cm. or
usually nearly 2 cm.) and relatively few; the pedicels are subfiliform,
not thick as in all other species.
Unonopsis Storkii Standl. & L. Wms., sp. nov.
Arbor parva usque ad 5 m. Folia late oblanceolata, breviter acuminata, base
obtusa vel rotundata, nervi laterales utrinque 15-20; inflorescentia uniflora vel
fascicula biflora; sepala 3, triangularia, pubescens; petala 6, impar, exteriora
pubescens, valvata, cochleata, subtriangularia, crassa, interiora parva, cochleata,
transverse rhombica, crassa, extus medium sericea; monocarpia 6 vel plura,
ovoidea, sericea; semina discoidea.
Small tree to 5 m., branchlets slender, terete, densely but inconspicuously
puberulent, becoming glabrous, internodes 2.5-4.5 cm. apart; leaves broadly
oblanceolate, short-acuminate, obtuse or rounded at the narrow base, glabrous
except the nerves below inconspicuously pubescent, secondary nerves about 15-20
on each side, blade 25-35 cm. long and 6.5-12 cm. broad well above the middle;
petiole thick and fleshy, 0.5-0.8 cm. long and 0.3-0.5 mm. thick; inflorescence
1 flower, or 2-flowered fascicles from old wood, the peduncle stout, with a bract
at the middle or below, ferruginous-pubescent, 1-2 cm. long; sepals 3, triangular,
ferruginous-pubescent, about 2-3 mm. long; petals 6, in 2 series; petals of outer
series valvate, strongly cochleate and subtriangular in outline, fleshy especially at
the apex, densely ferruginous or sericeous-pubescent outside, 7-8 mm. long and
nearly as broad; petals of inner series smaller, cochleate, transversely rhombic,
very fleshy, glabrous except along the median line dorsally, about 4.5 mm. long
and slightly broader; torus when mature spherical, bearing several (6 or more)
stipitate monocarpia; monocarpia ovoid, puberulent, becoming glabrous, to 2 cm.
long and 1.5 cm. in diameter, stipe about 0.5 cm. long, stout; seeds 2-6 in each
monocarpium, flattened and sublenticular, with a prominent median ridge around
the center, surface prominently pitted, about 1 cm. long and about as broad,
2-3 mm. thick along the border.
COSTA RICA: "Flower parts leathery, dull yellow, fruits now olive-
green, in fact looking like olives; the seeds seem to be wafer-like,
packed tandem, about 6 to each fruit; 5 meter tree in understory
beneath Cativo, Carapa, etc."; 6 miles upstream from mouth of
Estrella River, Prov. Limon, Apr. 19, 1952, Harvey E. Stork 4608
(UC, type; F).
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 547
PANAMA: Small tree, Changuinola Valley, Prov. Bocas del Toro,
Feb. 22, 1924, V. C. Dunlap (F).
The several seeds in each monocarpium seem to distinguish this
species from others in the area; the ovoid, puberulent monocarpia
are distinctive also. The description of the flowers was made from
buds at point of anthesis.
STAPHYLEACEAE
Turpinia heterophylla (Ruiz & Pavon) Harms & Loess., Engler,
Bot. Jahrb. 37: 575. 1906. Staphylea heterophylla Ruiz & Pavon,
Fl. Peruv. et Chil. 3: 29, t. 253. 1802.
COSTA RICA: Flowers white, edge of sphagnum bog, next to Pan
American highway between km. 18 and 20 from El Empalme to
Villa Mills, Prov. San Jose*, alt. 2700 m., Aug. 15, 1960, Marcela
Cruz 165.
Two other species of Turpinia are known in Costa Rica. This
Andean species, reported for the first time for North America, was
among a fine collection of plants made by Miss Cruz in the Cordillera
de Talamanca.
RHAMNACEAE
Rhamnus oreodendron L. Wms., sp. nov.
Arbor parva; folia oblongo-lanceolata vel lanceolata, acuminata; inflorescentia
fascicula 1-4-flora in axilla foliorum; calyx 5-lobata, lobis triangularis, crassis;
petala obovata, retusa, cochleata; fructa baccata.
Small trees with slender, terete, sparsely sericeous-pubescent branchlets which
become glabrous with age; leaves alternate, blade oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate,
crenulate, acuminate, base obtuse or rounded, glabrous except the veins sparsely
sericeous-pubescent below, only the mid-vein pubescent above, darker green above
than below, 3-7 cm. long and 1.5-3.5 cm. broad, petiole slender, sericeous, about
1-1.5 cm. long, the stipules sericeous, linear, about 2.5 mm. long; inflorescence a
1-4-flowered axillary fascicle, pedicels 9-14 mm. long, sparsely sericeous-pubes-
cent; calyx 5-lobed, apparently valvate in bud, hypanthium and calyx about
4 mm. long in flower, glabrescent, the calyx lobes triangular, acute, somewhat
fleshy, about 2.5 mm. long and as broad at the base; petals obovate, retuse, cune-
ate to the base, cochleate, inconspicuous, about 1.5 mm. long, borne from a torus-
like process between the calyx lobes; stamens borne from the base of the petals
and partially enclosed by them; style about 1 mm. long; fruit baccate, spherical,
glabrous, about 6-7 mm. in diameter (nearly mature).
COSTA RICA: Small tree with black fruit, in sphagnum bog along
Pan American highway between km. 18 and 20 from El Empalme to
548 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
Villa Mills [Cordillera de Talamanca], Prov. San Jose", alt. 2,700 m.,
July 7, 1960, Marcela Cruz 186 (F, type; FLAS).
There are no close relatives in North America ; however, Rhamnus
Goudotiana Tr. & PI., which is not uncommon in the Andes of Co-
lombia, is similar. Our species is distinguished in having the calyx
lobes persistent at least to nearly mature fruit, not circumscissile
soon after an thesis as is the case with nearly all other species; peti-
oles are longer and leaf blades are differently shaped and broader
in relation to length.
The type material is in nearly mature fruit with a few old flowers
present.
FLACOURTIACEAE
Casearia coronata Standl. & L. Wms., sp. nov.
Arbor vel frutex usque ad 2 m. altus. Folia elliptica vel elliptico-oblanceo-
lata, acuminata, breviter petiolata; inflorescentia fasciculata; sepala biseriata,
late ovata, obovata vel orbicularia; stamina ±8; filamenta et staminodia in corona
connata, staminodia barbata.
Small trees or shrubs, about 2 m. tall, branches slender, grayish, puberulent,
soon glabrate, leaves short-petiolate, elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, acuminate,
glabrous, with about six main lateral nerves on each side, the blade 10-20 cm.
long and 3-7 cm. broad; petiole short, puberulent or glabrate, about 1 cm. long;
inflorescences fasciculate, several-many-flowered, borne in the axils of leaves or
on the branches between leaf internodes; peduncles puberulent, 3-4 mm. long,
dehiscent near the apex; flowers medium-sized (for the genus), pedicel 1.5-2 mm.
long, puberulent; calyx lobes 5-6, in two series and somewhat dissimilar, some
(inner ones) broadly obovate-orbicular and unguiculate, some (outer ones)
broadly ovate or ovate-orbicular, puberulent, mostly 3-4 mm. long and 3-3.5 mm.
broad; petals none; stamens about 8, 2.5-3 mm. long, alternating and connate
with staminodes of about equal length into a corona; the staminodes flattened,
conspicuously pilose-barbate on the apices; stigma entire, short, about 1 mm.
long; fruits (fide Stork) "turning red, somewhat triangular"; ovary at anthesis
1.5-2 mm. long, puberulent.
COSTA RICA: Perianth pale green, small tree of 2 meters, only 2
fruits seen, turning red, somewhat triangular, 6 miles inland from
mouth of Estrella River, Prov. Limon, Apr. 21, 1952, Harvey E.
Stork 4616 (type, F; UC).
Most closely related to C. javitensis var. myriantha (Turcz.) L.
Wms. of the species recorded from Central America and Panama.
The leaves are not coriaceous and not at all glossy; the perianth
segments are much broader and somewhat larger; the relatively large
corona, made up of the staminodes and adnate filaments, is distinc-
tive as is the prominent "beard" at the apex of each staminode.
Unfortunately, mature fruits are not present.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 549
MELASTOMACEAE
There are some 200 genera and perhaps 4,000-5,000 species of the
Melastomaceae. Approximately two-thirds of these are in the neo-
tropics, the rest in the tropics of the old world.
The family is a fascinating one and often the individual species
are most attractive. Many of the species, however, are small-flow-
ered, especially among the Miconieae. In that subfamily the genera
(and often the species) are very difficult to separate. There are
really no satisfactory boundaries between many of the genera. Sec-
tions of Miconia often seem more distinct than some of the genera
that are maintained. There is obviously need for a study of generic
boundaries of many genera but especially of Miconia and the sev-
eral genera closely allied to it. This work can best be done by a
student who can devote much time to the study of this complex
assemblage.
In the preparation of the manuscript for the Flora of Guatemala
the material available from Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean
region and South America has been studied with the hope that the
account prepared would be as accurate as possible. More critical
study will certainly indicate other desirable changes. The study of
the vast genus Miconia has been especially difficult and a better
understanding of it is desirable.
Aciotis Levyana Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14, pt. 3: 460. 1885.
The species was described originally from Nicaragua (Levy 1+97,
phototype F). I have seen specimens from Guatemala, British Hon-
duras, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia.
There are four sheets in the Lundell Herbarium from British Hon-
duras (Gentle 8249, 8403, 8610, 9248), the first seen from the colony
although the species had been reported.
Arthrostemma Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Peruv. 4: t. 326. 1802, as
Arthrostema; Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 138. 1891. Heteronoma
DC. Prodr. 3:122. 1828.
In Guatemala there are three species of Arthrostemma which I
am able to distinguish one from the other. No others occur in Cen-
tral America or Panama.
Arthrostemma alatum Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 35.
1871.
550 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
Originally described from Venezuela and now known also from
Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Panama. The
alate stems and relatively short sessile hypanthium distinguish the
species superficially.
Arthrostemma parvifolium Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7:
143. 1891. A. apodocarpum Donn.-Sm. Bot. Gaz. 37: 210. 1904.
Originally described from Guatemala, now known also from
Mexico and British Honduras. The sessile fertile flowers distin-
guish this from the following species, the long hypanthium from
A. alatum.
Arthrostemma ciliatum Ruiz & Pa von, I.e.; Cogn. I.e. 140.
A. fragile Lindl. Journ. Hort. Soc. 3: 74. 1847; Cogn. I.e. Hetero-
noma campanulare Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 14: 153. 1850. A.
campanulare Triana, I.e. 35, non DC. 1828. A. macrodesmum Gleason
ex Williams, Fl. Trinidad 356, 357. 1934.
Traditionally two species have been set apart in Mexico and
Central America for the material which I would associate with an
older name (A. ciliatum} based on South American material. These
two species, A. fragile Lindl. and A. macrodesmum Gleason [A. cam-
panulare (Naud.) Triana], have been separated on the comparative
length of the connective and anther cells of the stamens borne
opposite the sepal lobes. If the connective was much shorter than
the anther cell the plant was called A. fragile; if the two were about
equal in length or the connective was longer the plant was called
A. macrodesmum. Abundant material of this complex is available but
more often than not the petals and stamens, which are fugaceous,
are not available on the specimens. When these characters are vis-
ible they usually hold for any given specimen. There are, however,
specimens that might as well go into one as the other of these two
species. Furthermore, while the anthers in this complex are usually
dimorphic — those opposite the sepals in one series, those opposite
the petals in another — this is not always the case and all anthers may
be similar. The appendages of the anthers show considerable vari-
ation, which is possibly of no or but little taxonomic significance,
and I find no mention of it.
My knowledge of A. ciliatum R. & P. is based on the original
plate and a Ruiz and Pavon specimen in our herbarium received
from "antique herbario generali, Herbario Horti Botanici Matriten-
sis," numbered 11/93, and collected in Cuchero.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 551
Bellucia Rafinesque is a small genus of eight or ten not very dis-
tinct species, mostly of northern South America. Several have been
reported in tropical North America, mostly perhaps in error, but
until the material is brought together and revised no very secure
idea may be had of them. Two species are currently distinguished
from our area, B. grossularioides and B. costaricensis. They seem to
me dubiously distinct but will be maintained in the Flora of Guate-
mala.
Bellucia grossularioides (L.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28:
141. 1871. Melastoma grossularioides L. Sp. PI. 390. 1753.
The oldest species in the genus and one of the most widely dis-
tributed. In North America we have material from Guatemala,
British Honduras, and Panama, and it is doubtless this species that
is reported from Mexico by Hemsley (Biol. Centr.-Am. Bot. 1: 432.
1880) as B. macrophylla (D. Don) Naud. In South America it is in
the Guianas, Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.
This species may be distinguished from B. costaricensis by in-
florescences usually 1-flowered and borne in the axils of existing
leaves, not several or even short cymes borne usually on old wood;
the calyx ruptures into unequal lobes and usually soon falls away,
while in B. costaricensis the lobes are usually 5 and quite regular
and apparently persistent. The nerves of the leaves of this species
might be described as 5-plinerved while those of B. costaricensis
might better be described as 5-nerved, the lowest lateral originating
at or near the base while the higher lateral pair originate usually
1 cm. or more higher along the mid-nerve. This last character,
however, is probably of no value and more apparent than real.
Bellucia costaricensis Cogn. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30 (1) : 264.
1891; Cogn. in Durand & Pittier, Prim. Fl. Cost. 1: 167. 1891.
The species was based on material from Costa Rica and was
doubtless seen by Cogniaux too late to put it into his monograph
of the family, even though it was published in the same year. He
gave no reason for distinguishing it from other species of the genus,
and I find very little except that mentioned under the preceding
species.
We have material (often incomplete) from Mexico, Guatemala,
British Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. The spe-
cies occurs also in Colombia (Cuatrecasas 17119).
552 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
Centradenia G. Don is a small genus of Mexico, Central America
and Panama, with one of its species extending into Colombia. Cog-
niaux (in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 116-119. 1891) has divided the genus
into two sections, depending on whether the stamens are essentially
isomorphic (Sect. Centradeniopsis) or quite unequal (Sect. Eucentra-
denia). Whether or not this character is always of sufficient value
in setting up subgeneric entities seems to me to be doubtful. There
are two species accepted by both Cogniaux and Gleason so similar
that without looking at the anthers they would be placed in the
same species. These two species are Centradenia floribunda Planch.,
stamens similar, and C. Bernoullii Cario ex Cogn. (=C. floribunda
var. Bernoullii, see below) with stamens in two unequal sets. It
would be of interest to study a colony of these plants in the field
to see if intermediates, which seem to be indicated by herbarium
material, are not to be found. The herbarium material available is
not sufficient to make a study, but there are several Guatemalan
specimens which were placed in C. Bernoullii by Standley and these
seem to me closer to C. floribunda, although they may well be some-
what intermediate. A parallel condition exists between Pterolepis
pumila (Bonpl.) Cogn. and P. trichotoma (Rottb.) Cogn.
Centradenia floribunda Planch, var. floribunda. C. flori-
bunda Planch. Fl. Serres 5: t. 453. 1849. C. floribunda var. grandi-
folia Cogn. in Donn.-Sm. Bot. Gaz. 20: 286. 1895.
This is the oldest name in this complex. The stamens are all
much alike and none of the appendages on the filaments has a pair
of long setose processes, as is the case in the following variety.
Centradenia floribunda var. Bernoullii (Cario) L. Wms.,
comb. nov. Centradenia Bernoullii Cario ex Cogn. in DC. Monog.
Phan. 7: 118. 1891.
The variety is distinguished primarily by the dimorphic anthers,
one set of which has two long setose processes on the appendage of
each anther. The geographical range of this variety is El Salvador
and Honduras. It has been reported from Guatemala but appar-
ently based on misidentifications. Some of the Honduran specimens
approach the typical variety (Williams & Molina 18082; Standley &
Chacon 6493).
When stamens are lacking on herbarium specimens I have found
no way to distinguish this variety from the typical one.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 553
Centradenia grandifolia (Schlecht.) Endl. in Walp. Ann. 2:
119. 1843. Rhexia grandifolia Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 429. 1839.
C. grandifolia var. brevisepala Gleason, Phytologia 1 : 340. 1939.
A distinctive species from Mexico and Guatemala, easily sepa-
rated from the others by the hypanthium and short, broad calyx
lobes. All of the Costa Rican material determined by Gleason and
Standley with this name belongs to the quite different C. salicifolia
Brandegee.
I have seen the following Guatemalan material, all from the De-
partment of Alta Verapaz: Goll 168 (US); Donnell Smith 15^0 (US);
Stuart 15 (Mich.); von Tuerckheim 883 (US); Wilson 18J,. (F).
Centradenia inaequilateralis (Schlecht. & Cham.) G. Don, Gen.
Hist. Dichl. PI. 2: 765. 1832. Rhexia inaequilateralis Schlecht. &
Cham. Linnaea 5: 567. 1830. C. divaricata Kl. in Otto & Deitr.
Allg. Gartenz. 19: 354. 1851. C. inaequilateralis var. major Cogn. in
DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 117. 1891.
This is the type species of the genus Centradenia. It is widely
distributed in Mexico, whence the type. It is known from several
localities in northern Central America but is rare. In Costa Rica the
species is common, and it is known from a few localities in Panama.
A photograph (CNHM no. 16683, taken in Berlin) of what is
presumed to have been the type of C. divaricata collected by War-
scewicz, possibly in Costa Rica or Panama, along with a diagnostic
sketch showing an anther, indicates that it belongs here as a synonym.
An isotype of C. inaequilateralis var. major collected in Mexico
by Galeotti (2963 A) shows that it is a somewhat large-leafed form
of the species as Cogniaux indicated, and not C. floribunda Planch,
as annotated by Gleason.
Centradenia Maxoniana Gleason, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 65:
571. 1938.
A name currently recorded from Costa Rica and Panama. It
seems more than likely that it is a large-leafed form of C. floribunda
Planch, hardly if at all different from the plants from Guatemala
which Cogniaux called C. floribunda var. grandifolia. I have seen
the type.
Centradenia salicifolia Brandegee, Univ. Cal. Publ. Bot. 4:
379. 1913. C. chiapensis Brandegee, I.e. 6: 501. 1919.
554 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
The species occurs in Mexico from Vera Cruz and Puebla to
Chiapas. It is common in Guatemala in the highlands in the west,
near Mexico. It then jumps to the highlands of Costa Rica, where
it is again quite abundant. There is not a single known station in
the highlands between western Guatemala and Costa Rica. The
species is to be expected in Honduras and Nicaragua.
The Costa Rican material differs from that of Mexico and Guate-
mala by having the pubescence in the inflorescence consistently more
dense. I have found no other distinctive character than this very
minor one. Dr. Gleason and Dr. Standley had determined all the
Costa Rican material (as well as some of that from Guatemala)
which they saw as Centradenia grandifolia (Schlecht.) Endl. I have
seen the following specimens from Mexico and Central America.
MEXICO: Matuda 2747 (Mich, US, GH, F), 3000 (Mich), 3001
(Mich, F), 3002 (Mich); Purpus 6103 (US, F), 6978 (US); Roby
s.n. (US).
GUATEMALA: Standley 65325 (F, GH), 67764 (F), 83297 (F), 83716
(F), 83749 (F), 84577 (F), 85451 (F); Steyermark 33877, 34344,
35118, 35312, 36343, 36644, 37522, 37668 (all F).
COSTA RICA: Skutch 4205 (US); Smith H385, H418, PC251,
PC315 (all F); Standley & Valeria 43312 (US, F), 44093 (US).
Clidemia D. Don in Guatemala and adjacent Central America
and Mexico is difficult primarily because of two or three small groups
of closely related species. Alfred Cogniaux (in DC. Monog. Phan.
7: 984-1026. 1891) prepared a good account of the genus as then
known. Later H. A. Gleason (in Brittonia 3: 97-140. 1939) pre-
pared a revision of those in tropical North America. The account
of the genus which will appear in the Flora of Guatemala owes much
to both of these treatments. A few changes have been made and the
Central American plants formerly referred to Heterotrichium are
transferred to Clidemia. Comment concerning the genus Hetero-
trichium will be found under that name.
The situation in these genera is not so simple as that, however.
Tococa Aubl., Maieta Aubl., and Clidemia D. Don are very closely
allied and they are genera of convenience at best. When Dr. Glea-
son studied the myrmecophilous species of Clidemia (Bull. Torr.
Bot. Club 58: 73-85. 1931) he took many of the species which had
been described or transferred to Maieta and placed them in Clidemia,
leaving in Maieta only Aublet's original species and a very closely
allied one.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 555
Tococa and Maieta have terminal inflorescences and are so dis-
tinguished from Clidemia, which has lateral inflorescences. I find,
however, that pseudoterminal or terminal inflorescences are of not
uncommon occurrence in Clidemia and that a single species may have
both types. Cogniaux and Gleason were both astute students of the
Melastomaceae yet when Gleason described Clidemia spectabilis he
assumed that it had lateral inflorescences. Cogniaux described the
same species, placing it (I think erroneously) in Heterotrichium, a
genus which he understood as having terminal inflorescences. More
recently Dr. Suessenguth, no specialist in the family, apparently has
described the same species as Maieta setosissima. The inflorescences
are apparently both lateral and pseudoterminal.
The problem of generic limitation in this section of the Miconieae
is involved and will require detailed study by the specialists in the
family.
Clidemia capitellata. The varieties of C. capitellata in Central
America are three, closely related and often difficult to distinguish.
A key and an account of them follows:
Inflorescence branched (a dichasium), often rather simple; pubescence of under
side of leaf principally of stellate hairs var. neglecta.
Inflorescence unbranched or with a pair of branches at the base (rarely more);
pubescence of under side of leaf principally of crisped hairs.
Inflorescence internodes about 1 cm. long or less, densely long hirsute and in-
conspicuously glandular var. dependens.
Inflorescence internodes 1-2 cm. long, sparsely hirsute and conspicuously gland-
ular var. capitellata.
Clidemia capitellata var. capitellata. Melastoma capitellata
Bonpl. in Humb. & Bonpl. Monog. Melast. 5, t. 3. 1816. Clidemia
capitellata D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 310. 1823.
Widely distributed, from Mexico through Central America and
Panama to Colombia. Closely related to var. dependens, which may
not always be distinguishable. See that variety for further comment.
Clidemia capitellata var. dependens ([Pavon] D. Don) Macbr.
Field Mus. Bot. 13 (4, no. 1) : 484. 1941. Clidemia dependens [Pavon]
D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 310. 1823; Gleason in Brittonia 3: 113.
1939. Melastoma dependens Pavon ex D. Don, I.e. in syn.
A common and widely distributed plant, Mexico to Bolivia and
Argentina, difficult to distinguish from the typical variety. The
characters Dr. Gleason gave to separate C. capitellata and C. de-
556 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
pendens, in his review of the Mexican and Central American Clide-
mias, are not at all stable and are maintained here with reservations.
The inflorescences are usually unbranched but in a few specimens
seen are branched at the base and even through their length, in this
respect approaching var. neglecta. The characters of pubescence in
the inflorescence, type and length of the hirsute hairs and glandu-
losity, are tenuous at best.
Clidemia capitellata var. neglecta (D. Don) L. Wms., comb,
nov. Clidemia neglecta D; Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 307. 1826.
A widely distributed variation of C. capitellata and perhaps more
closely related to var. dependens than to var. capitellata. The range
falls within that of the other two varieties. In var. neglecta the in-
florescence is usually a dichasium, often quite diffuse, while in the
other varieties branching occurs but rarely; the pubescence of the
under side of the leaves is short, soft and stellate, while in the other
varieties it is rather coarse and crisped, although occasionally soft
stellate pubescence does occur.
The Mexican Clidemia chinantlana Triana appears, from a type
photograph, to belong here. Dr. Gleason separated them widely in
his revision but the type would not key out in his key.
Clidemia globuliflora (Cogn.) L. Wms., comb. nov. Hetero-
trichium globuliflorum Cogn. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 27 (2) : 176. 1888.
Clidemia spectabilis Gleason, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 53. 1931.
Maieta setosissima Suessenguth, Bot. Jahrb. 72 (2) : 277, /. 9. 1942.
COSTA RICA: Brenes 3713, 3926, 4919, 5644, 5685, 6047; Pittier 3;
Stork 2717; Valeria 1697.
Known only from Costa Rica, Pittier 3 is type of Clidemia globuli-
flora and Stork 2717 (F) is type of C. spectabilis, while Kupper 772,
which I have not seen, is type number of Maieta setosissima.
The species belongs among the myrmecophilous species of Cli-
demia and inconspicuous formicaria are to be found on a few leaves.
The leaves of the species must be attractive to insects, for those on
all specimens seen have been chewed.
The inflorescences of this species may be either lateral or pseudo-
terminal or both.
Clidemia Matudae L. Wms., sp. nov.
Frutex vel arbor usque ad 6 m. Folia ovato-cordata, acuminata, 7-9-pliner-
via, supra glabra, subtus pubescens vel hirsuta; inflorescentia thrysiflora, pauci-
X
557
558 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
flora; hypanthium campanulatum, pubescens; calyx 7-8-lobata; dentes exteriores
subulatis; petala oblongo-obovata, obtusa vel retusa; stamina ca. 30-35.
Shrubs or small trees to 5-6 m., branchlets terete, densely pubescent with in-
termixed soft, often stellate or barbellate, hairs and glandular hirsute ones, the
longest hairs mostly about 1 mm. long; leaves of a pair distinctly unequal, blade
ovate-cordate, acuminate, obscurely denticulate, 7-9-plinerved, glabrous to spar-
ingly hirsute above, densely puberulent below and hirsute along principal nerves,
large blade (of pair) 13-20 cm. long and 8-14 cm. broad, smaller ones 8-12 cm.
long and 7-8 cm. broad; petioles to 8 cm. long, pubescent as are the branchlets;
inflorescence pseudoterminal, an elongated and rather few-flowered thyrse, to about
12 cm. long, with intermixed simple puberulence and hispid or glandular-hispid
pubescence; hypanthium campanulate, subhispid-puberulent, about 4 mm. long;
calyx lobes 7-8, rounded, about 1.5 mm. long; exterior teeth subulate, 2-2.5 mm.
long and much exceeding the calyx lobes; petals about 7, oblong-obovate, obtuse
or retuse, about 5 mm. long and 3.5 mm. broad; stamens about 30-35, about 4 mm.
long, the anther 1.5-2 mm. long, narrowly oblong, the connective unappendaged
or but slightly umbonate at the base; style capitate, about 5 mm. long.
MEXICO: A tree 5-6 m. high in advanced forest, Montecristo,
Chiapas, alt. 1,350 m., June 17, 1945, Matuda 591+5 (LL) ; Monte-
cristo, Chiapas, 1,350 m., June 17, 1945, Matuda 1591+5 (F, type).
GUATEMALA: Dept. Guatemala, 1939, Aguilar 304. (F).
This species is related to C. octona but may be distinguished by
the generally smaller flowers, lack of a corona on the torus, much
greater number of stamens, and very different shape of the anthers
with much less conspicuous connective not at all prolonged.
Clidemia octona (Bonpl.) L. Wms., comb. nov. Melastoma
octona Bonpl. Melast. 7, t. |. 1806. Heterotrichium octonum DC.
Prodr. 3: 173. 1828.
Widely distributed from Mexico through Central America, Pan-
ama and the West Indies, southward to Brazil and Peru. The species
is closely related to Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don. The inflorescence
of the species is either lateral or apparently terminal, although if
terminal there are often two or three inflorescences borne at each
place — one in the axil of a leaf, one terminal, and another in the axil
of the opposite leaf. Often also there are one or two inflorescences
which appear lateral when one of the lateral buds has continued as
a branch and not as an inflorescence.
This species has been treated as a species of Heterotrichium by
most botanists since that genus was founded. However, as pointed
out below under Heterotrichium, the type of that genus is quite
different.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 559
It is interesting to note that specimens of this species having
lateral inflorescences have often been placed in Clidemia hirta, while
specimens of Clidemia hirta apparently with terminal inflorescences
have been determined as Heterotrichium octonum. Cogniaux' H. oc-
tonum var. brasiliensis has lateral inflorescences (on our Pohl 1517}
and would seem to be Clidemia hirta.
A photograph of the type of Miconia phaeotricha Naudin (Ann.
Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 16: 193. 1851) indicates that it may belong here as
a synonym.
Clidemia petiolaris (Schlecht. & Cham.) Schlecht. ex Triana,
Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 135. 1871. Melastoma petiolare Schlecht. &
Cham. Linnaea 5: 562. 1830. M. serrulata Schlecht. Linnaea 13:
425. 1839. Clidemia Deppeana Steud. Nomencl. Bot. 384. 1840;
Gleason, Brittonia 3: 124-125. 1939. C. serrulata Triana, I.e.; Glea-
son, I.e. 121. C. Naudiniana Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 990.
1891. C. laxiflora var. longipetiolata Cogn. in Donn.-Sm. Bot. Gaz.
16: 5. 1891.
Dr. Gleason in his review of The Genus Clidemia in Mexico and
Central America used the name Clidemia Deppeana for this plant,
saying that Standley was the first to revive it. Standley did take up
the name (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1072. 1924) and gave as
synonym "Melastoma petiolare Schlecht. & Cham. 1830, not M.
petiolare Mill. 1768." Miller, however, spelled his specific epithet as
Melastoma petiolatis (in Index Kewensis it is given as M. petiolatum).
There occurs, however, Melastoma petiolare Wall. (A numerical
list of dried plants, etc. no. 4053) in his so-called catalogue. The
date given on the title page of Wallich's work is 1828, but the sheet
on which no. 4053 appeared apparently was published in 1831 (see
0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: CXLV. 1891, and translation in Kew
Bull. 1913: 260. 1913).
In making the new name Clidemia Deppeana, Steudel merely
cited "Melastoma petiolaris. Chms. Schl." as a basionym and there
is no way of telling which name he thought was a homonym of
Schlechtendal & Chamisso's name.
It seems that Melastoma petiolare Schlecht. & Cham, and Mela-
stoma petiolatis (or petiolatum) Miller are different names, and the
use of one does not preclude the use of the other. Further it appears
that Melastoma petiolare Schlecht. & Cham, was actually published
a year before Meiastoma petiolare Wall, and therefore is not a homo-
560 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
nym of it; besides, Wallich's name was a nomen nudum and hence
not validly published.
Clidemia serrulata was maintained by Dr. Gleason, in the revi-
sion mentioned above, with the comment that "Neither is the dis-
tinction between this species and the commoner C. Deppeana very
sharp." The comment seems to me to be justified, for there are in
our collection specimens annotated by Gleason with these two names,
but the specimens are so similar that they might well have been
taken from the same bush.
Clidemia scopulina (Brandegee) L. Wms., comb. nov. Hetero-
trichium scopulinum Brandegee, Univ. Cal. Publ. Bot. 6: 187. 1915.
MEXICO: Cerro del Boqueron, Chiapas, June 1914, Purpus 7358
(F, AA, NY).
The only specimens which I have seen are isotypes of the orig-
inal collection. This species is, I believe, most closely related to the
myrmecophilous species of Clidemia although there is no indication
of formicaria on specimens I have seen, nor did Brandegee mention
them on his specimens. It is curious, however, that he did call
attention to the similarity of the setose processes of the stem to
those of Maieta setosa Cogn., now usually treated as one of the
myrmecophilous species of Clidemia. The most closely related spe-
cies seems to be C. globuliflora (Cogn.) L. Wms., mentioned above.
Clidemia strigillosa (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 3: 159. 1828. Melastoma
strigillosa Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 793. 1800. Clidemia reticulata Glea-
son, Brittonia 3: 110. 1939.
I am unable to see any difference in these two concepts, and in
fact it appears that C. reticulata is distinguished on a character
which depends upon maturity of the specimen. The inflorescence
on immature specimens is not so open as that on mature specimens.
The type is from Jamaica. The species is common in British
Honduras; there is a single specimen from Nicaragua (Standley
19998); it is reported from Costa Rica and Panama; West Indies;
British Guiana and Venezuela to Peru.
Clidemia umbellata (Mill.) L. Wms., comb. nov. Melastoma
umbellata Miller, Gard. Diet. ed. 8. no. 10. 1768. M . patens Swartz,
Prodr. 68. 1788. M. nivea Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 4 : 42. 1797. Hetero-
trichium umbellatum Urban in Fedde Rep. Sp. Nov. 15: 14. 1917. H.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 561
patens DC. Prodr. 3: 173. 1828. H. niveum DC. I.e. H. Eggersii
Cogn. Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 282. 1886.
Cuba; Puerto Rico; Santo Domingo; Jamaica. The material we
have is quite variable.
Conostegia D. Don is a rather distinctive genus among the Cen-
tral American Miconieae due primarily to the calyptriform calyx
which dehisces and falls away at anthesis. A review of the genus
by Cogniaux was published in 1891. Dr. Wurdack is gathering
materials for a much-needed revision. About 45 species have been
described from Mexico, Central America and Panama. Conostegia
xalapensis (Bonpl.) D. Don is the commonest and most widely dis-
tributed melastome through most ecological situations in the area
below 1,800 m. and is often a weed in pastures.
Conostegia caelestis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 318. 1929.
C. hondurensis Standl. I.e. 9: 322. 1940.
BRITISH HONDURAS: Gentle 8633 (LL), 8649 (LL), 8704 (LL);
Schipp 63 (F, type).
HONDURAS: Williams & Molina 17757 (F), 17765 (F), 17778 (F),
17905 (F); Yuncker, Koepper & Wagner 8818 (F, type of C. hon-
durensis) .
One of the most distinctive species of Conostegia in Central Amer-
ica. It is allied to C. Brenesii Standl. and C. speciosa Naudin, both
of southern Central America. The superficial resemblance and type
of stellate hairs reminds one of Miconia barbinervis (Benth.) Triana.
Conostegia icosandra (Sw.) Urban in Fedde Rep. Sp. Nov. 17:
404. 1921. Melastoma icosandrum Swartz ex Wikstr. Svensk. Vet.
Akad. Handl. 1827: 64. 1827. C. subhirsuta DC. Prodr. 3: 174. 1828.
C. Bernoulliana Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 698. 1891. C. Lun-
dellii Gleason, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 348. 1940.
Widely distributed from Mexico through Central America and
the West Indies, and to southern Brazil and Paraguay.
There is considerable question as to the proper specific epithet
for the accumulation of material placed here. In Central America
and Mexico there are other species which may very well belong
here — C. chiriquensis Gleason, C. Oerstediana Berg, and C. volca-
nalis Standl. & Steyerm., among them.
562 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
Conostegia plumosa L. Wms., sp. nov.
Arbor parva usque ad 8 m. alta. Folia elliptico-lanceolata, acuminata,
quinqueplinervia, subtus stellato-pubescens; hypanthium subglobosum, stellato-
vel plumoso-pubescens; calyx calyptriforme, appendiculatum; petala ovata vel
subrhombico-ovata, acuta.
A small tree 8 m. tall and the trunk about 10 cm. in diameter, the branches
and petioles at first densely stellate or plumose-stellate pubescent, both becoming
glabrous with age. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, acute or cuneate to the
base, denticulate, 5-plinerved with the outer pair of nerves arising near the base
of the blade and the inner pair 1 cm. or more above the base, the nerves of each
pair arising at different places on the mid-nerve, the upper surface densely stellate
pubescent but soon becoming glabrous or nearly so, dense and persistent stellate-
pubescence completely covering the under surface; blade 6-18 cm. long and 2.5-
5.5 cm. broad, those of a pair apparently very unequal; petioles 1.5-2.5 cm. long;
inflorescences terminal or pseudolateral, densely pubescent with stellate or plumose
hairs, dichasioid with the lateral branches congested and subcapitate at first, the
branches of the inflorescence elongating (to about 4 cm.) with age and spicate and
somewhat fractiflex, with reflexed linear-lanceolate bracts opposite or perhaps
subtending the flowers; flowers to about 8 mm. long, white, hypanthium 2-3 mm.
high and 3-4 mm. broad, subglobose, densely plumose or stellate-pubescent; calyx
calyptriform, falling away as a unit, conic, with 6 longitudinal subapical append-
ages about equaling the calyptra, pubescence as on the hypanthium; petals 6,
ovate or subrhombic-ovate, about 5 mm. long and 3 mm. broad; anthers about
2.5-3 mm. long.
BRITISH HONDURAS: Petals white and stamens yellow, occasional
tree to 25 feet and 4 inches in diameter in jungle, Middlesex, July 10
(no year given), alt. 200 feet, William A. Schipp 232 (type in Chi-
cago Natural History Museum, GH, A).
The species is not closely related to any species known to me.
In superficial aspect it somewhat resembles Conostegia xalapensis
because of the densely stellate -pubescent undersurfaces of the leaves;
but the appendages of the calyptra distinguish it from all species
that I know, and the plumose or barbellate pubescence of the flowers
and inflorescence, and the form of the inflorescence are distinctive.
Graff enrieda De Candolle, Prodr. 3: 105. 1828; Cogniaux in DC.
Monog. Phan. 7: 439. 1891. Calyptrella Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser.
3, 18: 115. 1852; Cogniaux in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 453. 1891; Glea-
son, Phytologia 2: 301. 1947.
The genus Calyptrella of Naudin was originally described from a
Galeotti specimen (2959) from Mexico. It has been found, however,
that the plants referred to this generic name are much more abun-
dant in South America than they are in North America. Ten spe-
cies have been credited to Calyptrella, three of these from North
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 563
America, where plants of this affinity are rare. The remaining seven
were described from South America, but one of these, Calyptrella
littoralis Gleason, seems not to belong in Graffenrieda.
In preparing the manuscript for the one species that is known to
occur in Guatemala the entire genus Calyptrella was studied and it
was soon realized that Calyptrella denticulata Gleason and C. stellata
Gleason belonged in the closely allied genus Graffenrieda. Further
study of the two genera revealed that the only difference between
them was whether the calyx ruptured and separated from the hypan-
thium as a calyptra (in Calyptrella) or whether the calyx was more
or less normal in forming lobes — these sometimes formed by the rup-
turing of the calyx (in Graffenrieda). Furthermore, the calyces in
Calyptrella in age tend to break away or are deciduous.
The stamen structure, often used for generic separation in this
family, seems to offer no characters. Seeds seem to be much alike
in the two groups of species. The large genus Conostegia, not allied
to Graffenrieda and Calyptrella, is usually characterized by having
a calyptriform calyx, but sometimes the calyx ruptures into lobes
and is more or less persistent.
There seems to be no justification for maintaining Graffenrieda
and Calyptrella as distinct genera and I propose that most species of
Calyptrella be transferred to Graffenrieda, the older name.
Graffenrieda cucullata (D. Don) L. Wms., comb. nov. Cono-
stegia cucullata D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 317. 1823. Calyptrella
cucullata Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 72. 1871.
The species is represented by specimens from Colombia, Peru
and Bolivia.
Graffenrieda denticulata (Gleason) L. Wms., comb. nov.
Calyptrella denticulata Gleason, Phytologia 2: 300, /. 3. 1947.
The species is known only from Ecuador. It is a typical Graf-
fenrieda.
Graffenrieda Galeottii (Naudin) L. Wms., comb. nov. Calyp-
trella Galeottii Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 18: 115. 1852. Calyptrella
cycliophylla Donn.-Sm. Bot. Gaz. 55: 434. 1913.
The type species of the genus Calyptrella, originally described
from Mexico and now known also from Guatemala, Costa Rica,
Panama and Colombia.
564 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
This species is very closely related to G. cucullata (D. Don) L.
Wms. and is distinguishable from it by minor details only. Petals
in both species may be from lanceolate and acute to oblong-oblanceo-
late and obtuse, and in the same flower.
Graffenrieda gracilis (Triana) L. Wms., comb. nov. Calyptrella
gracilis Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 72. 1871.
This species is known only from Peru.
Graffenrieda micrantha (Gleason) L. Wms., comb. nov. Calyp-
trella micrantha Gleason, Phytologia 3: 346. 1950.
The species is endemic to Panama, so far as known.
Graffenrieda robusta (Cogn.) L. Wms., comb. nov. Calyptrella
robusta Cogn. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. 42: 138. 1908.
There is a good photograph (CNHM neg. 16882) of the type,
which was in the Berlin herbarium. Peru.
Graffenrieda stellata (Gleason) L. Wms., comb. nov. Calyp-
trella stellata Gleason, Phytologia 2: 428. 1948.
The species, a peculiar one, is known from Ecuador.
Graffenrieda tristis (Triana) L. Wms., comb. nov. Calyptrella
tristis Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 72. 1871.
Known from Brazil and Peru.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
Calyptrella littoralis Gleason, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 72: 473. 1945.
This species seems not to belong in Graffenrieda but our specimen
is inadequate to verify its systematic position.
Henriettea DC. and Henriettella Naudin. In preparing the ac-
count of the Melastomaceae for the Flora of Guatemala I came to the
conclusion that the type species of these genera in fact belonged in
the same genus. Some twenty years ago, Macbride, in the Flora of
Peru, concluded that the two entities were not distinguishable and
placed the Peruvian species of the two genera together. These two
generic concepts have ascribed to them perhaps some fifty or sixty
species, of which very few are found in Central America or Panama.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 565
While the type species of the two are very similar there are species
placed here that perhaps would go elsewhere as well or better. I am
concerned only with those of Central America and Panama at the
present time, and fortunately the type species of both genera are to
be found in our region.
Dr. Gleason, astute student of the family, in his account of The
Melastomaceae of the Yucatan Peninsula described Henriettea strigosa
and placed it alongside H. succosa (Aubl.) DC., which is the type
species of Henriettea. However, there seems to be no difference be-
tween Gleason's Henriettea strigosa and Henriettella Seemannii Nau-
din, the type species of the genus Henriettella. In placing these two
species in the same genus Gleason has indicated effectively that the
two genera have but little foundation in fact.
There are in Central America and Panama the following species
which may be placed in Henriettea DC., the older of the two generic
names.
Henriettea cuneata (Standl.) L. Wms., comb. nov. Maieta
cuneata Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 30. 1930. Henriettella cuneata
Gleason, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 58: 75. 1931.
Known only from Guatemala and British Honduras. Formicaria
are to be found at the base of the leaf blades, partially obscured by
long brownish pubescence. The material available is inadequate but
I know nothing better to do with this species than to place it here.
Henriettea densiflora (Standl.) L. Wms., comb. nov. Henri-
ettella densiflora Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 247. 1929. Clidemia
densiflora Gleason, Phytologia 3: 346. 1950.
Known from Guatemala, British Honduras, Honduras and Pan-
ama. Dr. Gleason has placed this anomalous species in Clidemia,
where it goes no better than in Henriettea. Better material is needed.
Henriettea fascicularis (Sw.) Gomez, Anal. Hist. Nat. Madrid
23: 68. 1894. Melastoma fascicularis Swartz, Prodr. 71. 1788. Ossaea
fascicularis Griseb. Fl. Br. W. Ind. 246. 1860. Henriettella fascicu-
laris Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. 28: 143. 1871.
Although Gomez' combination is not well made there seems to
be no question as to his intent, so the name is accepted. The spe-
cies is a fairly common one, known from the Greater Antilles, Cen-
tral America and Panama.
566 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
Henriettea Seemannii (Naudin) L. Wms., comb. nov. Henri-
ettella Seemannii Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 18: 108. 1852. Hen-
riettea strigosa Gleason, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 340. 1940.
Known from British Honduras, Panama and Colombia (fide
Gleason) .
There seems to be no differences in the concepts given above.
This is the type species of the genus Henriettella Naudin. The petals
are acute or retuse, or perhaps even obtuse, for Gleason described
the petals of Henriettea strigosa as triangular-ovate, although they
were acute or obscurely retuse to retuse in flowers from an isotype
which I examined. Henriettea par vi flora (Triana) Griseb. of Cuba is
very closely related to this species.
Henriettea succosa (Aubl.) DC. Prodr. 3: 178. 1828. Melastoma
succosa Aubl. Hist. PI. Guiane Fr. 418, t. 162. 1775. Henriettella
macrocalyx Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 31. 1930. Henriettea macro-
calyx Gleason, Brittonia 2: 324. 1937.
Known from Mexico, Guatemala, British Honduras, Costa Rica,
Panama and northeastern South America. The species is the type
of the genus Henriettea DC.
Henriettea tuberculosa (Donn.-Sm.) L. Wms., comb. nov.
Henriettella tuberculosa Donn.-Sm. Bot. Gaz. 27: 335. 1899. Henri-
ettella costaricensis Kranzl. Vierteljahr. Naturf. Zurich 76: 158. 1931.
Known only from Costa Rica and adjacent Panama.
EXCLUDED SPECIES
Henriettea brunnescens Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 247. 1929
= Loreya brunnescens (Standl.) Gleason, Phytologia 3: 346. 1950.
—Described from Panama.
Heterocentron Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beech. Voy. 290. 1840.
Heeria Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 432. 1839, non Meissn. 1837.
There are in Central America four species of Heterocentron, with
perhaps a half dozen additional ones in Mexico. Cogniaux (in DC.
Monog. Phan. 7 : 135-139. 1891) distributed the then known material
into six species. Gleason (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 65: 572-575. 1938)
described four new species of the genus and at the same time briefly
reviewed those known. Later (1950) he described one more species,
bringing the number of species which he recognized to sixteen.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 567
A review of Heterocentron for the Flora of Guatemala (all the spe-
cies known in Central America occur in Guatemala) has suggested
a more conservative account of them, based on reasonably abundant
collections and long acquaintance with them in the field. The four
species are the following:
Heterocentron elegans (Schlecht.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1:
247. 1891. Rhexia elegans Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 432. 1839. H. ses-
silis Gleason, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 65: 573. 1938 (type from Alta
Verapaz, Tuerckheim II 1554)- Monochaetum guatemalense Standl.
& Steyerm. Field Mus. Bot. 23: 136. 1944 (type from Huehuete-
nango, Steyermark 4.8512).
Southern Mexico and Guatemala.
A rare species known from fewer than a dozen collections. There
is no question that the fruiting type of Monochaetum guatemalense
belongs here rather than in the genus Monochaetum.
Heterocentron hirtellum (Cogn.) L. Wms., comb. nov. Arthro-
stemma hirtellum Cogn. in Donn.-Sm. Bot. Gaz. 20: 286. 1895.
Known only from a rather restricted area in Guatemala.
This species is closely related to H. elegans (Schlecht.) Kuntze
and when more adequate study material is available they may prove
to be the same; however, there seem to be several minor differences.
Heterocentron suffruticosum Brandegee, Univ. Cal. Publ.
Bot. 6: 57. 1914.
Known only from the Mexican state of Chiapas and the adja-
cent department of San Marcos in Guatemala. This species is closely
related to H. hirtellum.
Heterocentron subtriplinervium (Link & Otto) A. Braun &
Bouche", Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. app. 1851; Linnaea 25: 300. 1851.
Melastoma subtriplinervium Link & Otto, Ic. PI. Rar. t. 21+. 1821.
H. axillare Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 14: 155. 1850. H. macro-
stachyum Naud. I.e. H. mexicanum Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy.
290. 1840; Hook. Bot. Mag. 86: t. 5166. 1860. H. roseum A. Br. &
Bouche^ I.e. 14. H. glandulosum Schrenk in Regel, Gartenfl. 1856:
227, 1. 169. 1856. Heeria rosea Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 34. 1871.
Heeria macrostachya Triana, I.e. 37. Heeria axillaris Cogn. in DC.
Monog. Phan. 7: 138. 1891. H. salvadoranum Gleason, Bull. Torr.
568 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
Bot. Club 65: 575. 1938. H. hondurense Gleason, Phytologia 3:
360. 1950.
A widespread and variable species found from Mexico through
Central America to Panama. Mountain thickets and on moist banks
or most commonly in oak-pine woodlands, 1,300-2,500 meters.
The petals of this species vary from deep purple to rose to white,
becoming lighter with age; they are also quite variable in size. The
sepals are somewhat variable in shape and size but in pubescence
they vary from completely glabrous to ciliate and occasionally hir-
sute on the outer surface; the lobes are mostly about the same length
as the hypanthium. The hypanthium again does not vary greatly
in size and shape but the hirsute pubescence may vary from quite
dense to almost none (or occasionally glabrous) and from eglandular
to prominently glandular; it is tuberculate (especially in age) to
quite smooth. The capsule is 4-lobed and each lobe usually has a
horny terminal appendage which may be entire or emarginate, gla-
brous or ciliate or even glandular-ciliate. The leaves are not more
variable than might be expected in a species of which a large num-
ber of specimens are available for study; however, the pubescence
does vary greatly in quantity; it is found on both sides of the leaves
and is occasionally sparse although usually not, and on a few speci-
mens is quite dense. The stems are herbaceous or suffruticose, prom-
inently 4-angled, especially in living material, usually red or reddish
as are the new leaves, and variously strigose. Comparative lengths
of portions of the anthers have been used to segregate species but
here again I find nothing constant.
Heterotrichium DC. Prodr. 3: 173. 1828, the selection of a
generic type.
Heterotrichium is a genus of the Miconieae described by De Can-
dolle and to which he assigned five species. These five species are
not all congeneric, at least not within the limits usually accepted for
genera in the Miconieae. The selection of a type species for this
genus presents a few problems but these are not serious. First, the
number of species may be reduced to four by placing H. niveum
(Desr.) DC. (of which he had no specimen in his own herbarium)
into the synonymy of H. patens (Sw.) DC. De Candolle says of the
species of the germs that they are "Frutices Domingenses." It seems
logical therefore to think that when De Candolle first wrote the
description and set the genus apart in manuscript he had specimens
only from the island of Santo Domingo. This would exclude H. oc-
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 569
tonum (Bonpl.) DC. and H. novemnervium DC. from consideration
in the selection of a generic type, for he gave the range of the first
as "Amer. aust. monte Quindiu . . ." and of the second as "in Bra-
silia." Furthermore, both these species would be better placed in
Clidemia, and one has been transferred there long since. In addi-
tion, De Candolle commented that "Torus in H. octono a calyce
facile separabilis tunicam apice dentatam circa ovarium conficit"-
a further reason to exclude that species from consideration and one
which points to its relationship with Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don.
The two species remaining, H. angustifolium DC. and H. patens
(Sw.) DC., have most of the generic characters given by De Candolle
although they belong to different genera. However, the leaves of
the genus are described as "Folia petiolata superne setosa subtus in
nervis hispida, inter nervos velutina." Heterotrichium angustifolium
has the leaves setose above while H. patens does not. The generic
description of the anthers is essentially the same as the description
of the anthers given for H. angustifolium, while the anthers are not
mentioned in the description of H. patens nor in that of H. niveum.
Heterotrichium angustifolium DC., for these reasons, is selected
as type species of the genus Heterotrichium DC. The type specimen
is one collected in Santo Domingo by Bertero and is in the De Can-
dolle collection (photo F, NY). None of the other species placed
in the genus by De Candolle seem to be congeneric with H. angusti-
folium.
Leandra Raddi is a most unsatisfactory, and unfortunately large,
assemblage of species which it is almost impossible to distinguish
from Miconia in any adequate manner. Leandra is also related to
Clidemia. The character often given to distinguish Leandra from
Miconia, and other closely allied genera, is the acute petals — cer-
tainly a tenuous character in a closely related group of genera that
perhaps contains a thousand species or more. Leandra is a genus
of convenience rather than one based on good morphological dis-
tinctions.
Leandra subseriata (Naudin) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14 (4):
73. 1886. Clidemia subseriata Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 17: 354.
1852.
The species is widely distributed, occurring from Guatemala
through Central America and Panama, southward to Ecuador.
The species illustrates well the difficulty of generic placement in
570 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
this group of plants. Specimens of this species determined as Mi-
conia guatemalensis Cogn. by Donnell Smith, by Standley, and by
Gleason have been passed over without comment by many botanists.
The resemblance of the two species is striking.
Leandra costaricensis Cogn. will doubtless be found to be a syn-
onym, for I find the presumed difference to be unimpressive. The
species has been reported under this name from British Honduras.
Meriania Swartz, one of the most attractive genera of the Melas-
tomaceae, has one species described as from Guatemala, M. macro-
phylla Benth. The specimen was collected by Hartweg and it is
curious that no one else has found the genus in Guatemala, where
Hartweg is said to have found it. Hartweg collected extensively in
Ecuador and it is possible that the unnumbered type is actually
from that country. The species is known from Panama and Conoste-
gia excelsa Pittier is a synonym.
The second species recorded from continental North America is
M. panamensis Gleason from Chiriqui Volcano in Panama.
Miconia Ruiz & Pavon is the largest genus of the Melastomaceae,
with perhaps seven or eight hundred species; of these, sixty-one are
to be found in Guatemala and British Honduras. It may be found
convenient eventually to conserve the name Miconia for there are
valid generic names that are older and that may be shown to be con-
generic with Miconia.
Miconia desmantha Bentham, PI. Hartw. 181. 1845. M.Bour-
gaeana Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 772. 1891. M. Carioana Cogn.
I.e. 773.
I find no differences between the Andean M. desmantha and the
tropical North American species cited in synonymy above. The
species, distributed from Mexico through Central America and Pan-
ama to Colombia, is variable. Furthermore, there is an additional
complication of the relationship of this species with M. aeruginosa
Naudin, which has a similar geographical range. The two may be
distinguished in most cases by the following key:
The young branches sparsely covered with short hirsute hairs; the upper surface
of the leaves sparsely hirsute and stellate puberulent to almost glabrous.
M. desmantha.
The young branches with a dense covering of long hirsute hairs; the upper surface
of the leaf quite densely long hirsute M. aeruginosa.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 571
Miconia echinoidea and M. tixixensis Standl. & Steyerm.
Field Mus. Bot. 23: 180-181. 1944.
When Standley and Steyermark described these two species they
said they were of "somewhat uncertain position." They should per-
haps be placed in the genus Tetrazygia L. C. Rich., if that genus
can be kept apart from Miconia. The species will be retained in
Miconia for the Flora of Guatemala.
Miconia fulvostellata L. Wms., sp. nov.
Arbor usque ad 15 cm. diam. Folia lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata, acumi-
nata, subtus dense fulvostellata, petiolata; inflorescentia paniculata; flores parvi;
hypanthium campanulatum f ulvostellatum ; petala oblonga vel oblongo-quadrata.
Trees to 15 cm. in diameter, the branchlets densely fulvous stellate with stel-
late or barbellate trichomes. Leaves of a pair somewhat unequal in size, lanceolate
or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, long petiolate, 3- (5-) plinerved, obscurely denticu-
late above, glabrous above or nearly so, densely fulvous stellate-tomentose below,
blade 6-14 cm. long and 2-5.5 cm. broad; petiole slender, angled, 1-3 cm. long,
densely stellate pubescent; inflorescence a terminal panicle shorter than the sub-
tending leaves, the lateral branches short and the flowers racemose and sessile,
pubescence as on the branchlets; flowers small, white; hypanthium about 1.5-
2 mm. long and as broad or broader, broadly campanulate, densely fulvous stellate,
the calyx very short, almost unlobed but with 4 short dorsal appendages about
0.5-1 mm. long and these acute or obtuse, fulvous stellate; petals 4, oblong or
oblong quadrate, about 2 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, the apex obscurely bilobed
and somewhat apiculate at one angle; stamens 8, the anthers about 1.5 mm. long
and the filament 1 mm. long; style somewhat thickened above, about 3-3.5 mm.
long; fruit not seen.
GUATEMALA: Cerro Chiblac, between Finca San Rafael and Ixcan,
Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 1200-2000 m., July 22, 1942, Steyer-
mark 4-91 43a (type in Chicago Natural History Museum).
BRITISH HONDURAS: "Mountain sirin," tree 6 inches in diameter,
flowers white with yellow, scented; in high ridge on hilltop (near
boundary line) beyond central camp, Edwards road beyond Colum-
bia, Toledo District, May 19, 1951, Gentle 7333 (LL, fragment F).
Closely allied to Miconia oligocephala Donn.-Sm., itself a rare
species known only from Guatemala. The present species has smaller
flowers which are not subtended by conspicuous bracts nearly as
long as the hypanthium.
Miconia holosericea (L.) DC. Prodr. 3: 181. 1828. Melastoma
holosericea L. Sp. PI. 390. 1753. Melastoma mucronata Desr. in Lam.
Encycl. 4: 46. 1796. Miconia mucronata Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser.
3, 16: 120. 1851.
572 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
There are no doubt other synonyms but these are the essential
ones for North America, where I have seen specimens from Mexico,
British Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama. The species extends
southward to Brazil and Bolivia.
De Candolle's combination seems valid for this plant for he gave
a basionym based on Linnaeus, even though the bibliographic refer-
ence was in error and the plants which he had in hand may have
represented other than the Linnaean species. Dr. Gleason, in his
recent account of the family for the Flora of Panama, used the name
Miconia mucronata (Desr.) Naudin for this species.
Miconia humilis Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 764. 1891.
This species, first collected in Guatemala by Scherzer, has most
often been considered to be a synonym of M. lauriformis (which see,
below, for comment). In the Flora of Guatemala this name will be
used for the relatively small plant with small leaves and the nerves
arising well above the base. It has been collected rarely in Guate-
mala and adjacent Mexico but is often very common in the oak-pine
forests of the highlands of Honduras. It is known also from the high
mountains of El Salvador.
Miconia laevigata and its allies in Guatemala: There are de-
scribed from Guatemala four species closely allied to Miconia laevi-
gata (L.) DC. and perhaps not really distinct. Miconia laevigata
(L.) DC. is the oldest name in the complex; the leaves are obtuse
or rounded at the base and 3.5-8 cm. broad. Miconia hyperprasina
Naudin is very similar, but the leaves are acute or subacute at the
base. Miconia ochroleuca Standl. is essentially the same as M. hy-
perprasina but the type has smaller, relatively simple inflorescences.
Miconia virescens (Vahl) Triana seems to belong to the same group
but I have seen little material and none of it authentic.
The four species are maintained in the Flora of Guatemala al-
though it is felt that they are too much alike.
Miconia lauriformis Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 16: 189.
1851.
We have a photograph of Linden 1279 and a fragment of Linden
64-9, the original collections of this species from Mexico, which seem
to indicate that the species is exceedingly close to M. mexicana
(Humb. & Bonpl.) Naudin. The species found in Chiapas, Guate-
mala, El Salvador and Honduras to which this name has been applied
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V
573
FIG. 17. Miconia Lundelliana. A, Habit (X ± 1). B, Flower, partially dis-
sected (X ±6). C, Anther (X 10). D, Petal (X ± 4).
seems to be distinct and perhaps should be referred to M. humilis
Cogn. See that species (above) for further comment.
Miconia Lundelliana L. Wms., sp. nov.
Arbor parva. Folia anguste ovata vel ovata, acuta, basim rotundata vel
cordata, breviter petiolata, 5-plinervia, subtus furfuracea; inflorescentia termi-
nalis, dichasialia, parviflora; hypanthium campanulatum vel subglobosum; calyx
6-appendiculatum, coriaceum; petala late oblanceolata, acuta, subcarnosa.
Small trees, branches slender, terete or slightly flattened when very young,
obscurely pubescent with small, glandular, peltate scales, becoming glabrous;
574 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
leaves of a pair equal or nearly so, narrowly ovate to ovate, acute, the base rounded
or slightly cordate, short petiolate, 5-plinerved, the lateral pair often obscure,
glossy green above, lighter below, glabrous above, furfuraceous below with sub-
glandular peltate scales, densely so on the veins, sparsely so on the surface of the
blades, blades 3-7 cm. long and 1.5-4 cm. broad; inflorescence terminal, either a
simple or a compound dichasium, few flowered if compound, usually not exceeding
the leaves, each lateral flower subtended by two small linear bracts, the bracts
either at the apex of the pedicel or one at the base (abaxial) and one at the sum-
mit (adaxial), the terminal flower of a simple dichasium usually bractless, the
inflorescence, hypanthium and calyx covered with furfuraceous, subglandular
scale-like pubescence; hypanthium campanulate in flower, becoming subglobose
in fruit, mostly 4-5 mm. long and in fruit nearly as broad; calyx with six sub-
apical dorsal appendages, in flower 5-6 mm. long, thick and coriaceous, the dorsal
appendages thick and laterally flattened, about 3 mm. long; petals broadly oblan-
ceolate, sometimes fimbriate or irregular near the base, acute, rather fleshy, with
about 5 principal nerves, about 10 mm. long and 6 mm. broad; stamens similar,
12, the anthers linear-oblong, opening by a single terminal pore, about 3.5 mm.
long, the filaments about 3 mm. long, connective not appendaged.
BRITISH HONDURAS: Flowers white, small tree, in pine ridge,
Mullins River Pine Ridge, Feb. 2, 1955, Gentle 8561 (type in Lundell
herbarium, fragment in F).
Miconia Lundelliana is not closely allied to any continental North
American melastome known to me. However, there are several in
the West Indies to which it is related, mostly those which have been
described in the genus Pachyanthus A. Rich, and of these it is per-
haps most closely related to P. mantuensis Britton & Wilson. In
South America there are at least two related species, Pachyanthus
corymbiferus (Naud.) Cogn. and Miconia larensis Gleason (which
might well have been placed in Pachyanthus by a less conservative
botanist) .
Miconia mirabilis (Aubl.) L. Wms., comb. nov. Fothergilla
mirabilis Aubl. Hist. PI. Guiane Fr. 1: 441, t. 175. 1775. Tamonea
guianensis Aubl. I.e., in some copies. Miconia guianensis Cogn. in
Mart. Fl. Bras. 14 (4) : 245. 1887.
In his work cited above, Aublet published two names for this
plant — one name in part of the copies and another name in the
others. In the same work (2 : 659, t. 268. 1775) he published another
Tamonea in the Verbenaceae. It seems probable that he "discov-
ered" that he had described two genera with the name Tamonea and
changed one of them while the work was going through press. It
seems quite clear that he changed the name of the Melastome to
Fothergilla mirabilis and that he should be followed in this. Indica-
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 575
tive that his intent was this is that the name Tamonea guianensis
does not appear in the index of scientific names but Fothergilla mira-
bilis does — as F. admirabilis.
The only North American specimens of this common South
American plant which I have seen are cited below.
MEXICO: Puente del Key, Galeana, Gro., alt. 1160 m., May 1,
1938, Hinton et al. 11185 (GH, NY, US); Carrizo, Sto. Domingo,
Galeana, Gro., alt. 850 m., Oct. 25, 1935, Hinton et al. 14717 (NY, US).
BRITISH HONDURAS: "Sirin mansana," tree 5 inches in diameter,
flowers pink and yellow, high ridge on hilltop, Baboon Ridge, Stann
Creek Valley, Jan. 21, 1940, Gentle 3149 (LL, A, NY); near Middle-
sex, 1600 feet, Nov. 22, 1929, Schipp 472 or 473 (A, NY).
COSTA RICA: Oersted s.n. (US).
Miconia platyphylla (Benth.) L. Wms., comb. nov. Tococa
platyphylla Benth. PI. Hartw. 181. 1845. Sphaerogyne latifolia Nau-
din, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 15: 331. 1851. Miconia paleacea Cogn.
in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 757. 1891. Tococa grandifolia Standl. Field
Mus. Bot. 4: 319. 1929.
There can be no question that these specific names, maintained
by Cogniaux in his revision of the Melastomaceae under both Mi-
conia and Tococa, refer to but a single species. Dr. Gleason has
often determined the species with the two names, depending on geo-
graphical origin. The species does point up again, if this need be
done, the difficulty of distinguishing some genera in the family.
I have seen the following specimens: Guatemala: Steyermark
39163. British Honduras: Schipp S-610, 1253. Honduras: Stand-
ley 52870, 54556; Wilson 227. Nicaragua: Shank & Molina 489? 'a.
Costa Rica: Brenes 13529; Standley 37604; Standley & Valerio 45056,
45221; Tonduz 7652, 8576, 9602. Colombia: Cuatrecasas 11413,
12890, 15483, 23980; Ewan 16050; Lawrence 13, 649; a phototype
taken by Gleason has also been seen. The legend is not legible on
the photograph. Ecuador: Camp E-1215. Venezuela: Linden 1391.
Miconia prasina (Sw.) DC. Prodr. 3: 188. 1828. Melastoma
prasina Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 69. 1788. ?Miconia pteropoda
Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. 2: 314. 1840.
Traditionally the two species of Miconia given above have been
credited to the Mexican-Central American floristic area. I find no
consistent differences in the specimens so determined by Cogniaux,
576 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
Gleason, Standley, Lundell and others. In the Flora of Guatemala
only M. prasina will be included. Miconia pteropoda Benth., origi-
nally described from British Guiana, is excluded and the problem
of whether or not it is a synonym of M. prasina, which is the oldest
name for the taxon occurring in Central America, is left to the spe-
cialists.
Miconia Zemurrayana Standl. & L. Wms. Ceiba 1: 42. 1950.
Tococa parvifolia Donn.-Sm. Bot. Gaz. 27: 335. 1899, non Miconia
parvifolia Cogn.
When Standley and I described this species as a Miconia we
overlooked its previous publication in the genus Tococa. The spe-
cies is not a Tococa as that genus is usually delimited, and it would
seem to go best into Miconia. The genus Calycogonium A. DC. con-
tains some species related to this, but that West Indian genus may
not be distinct from Miconia, and I feel that this species should be
left in Miconia until that generic complex can be critically studied.
Known from Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras.
Monochaetum (A. P. De Candolle) Naudin, in Central America,
is a small genus of several closely allied species. In order to put
those of Guatemala in order it was necessary to look at all of those
described from Mexico, Central America and Panama. Those from
South America were studied, but apparently no species overlap.
Monochaetum was revised by Cogniaux (DC., Monog. Phan. 7:
391-405. 1891) and those of North America were reviewed by Gleason
(Am. Journ. Bot. 16: 586-594. 1929). Gleason later (1938) added
two species, and Standley and Steyermark (1944) added one, to this
genus. Those found in Guatemala, with their synonyms, follow:
Monochaetum floribundum (Schlecht.) Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat.
ser. 3, 14: 165. 1850. Rhexia floribunda Schlecht. Linnaea 13: 431.
1839. Monochaetum rivulare Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 4: 50. 1845.
M. diffusum Cogn. in Donn.-Sm. Bot. Gaz. 16: 4. 1891. M. diffusum
var. eglandulosa Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 395. 1891. M. cymo-
sum Gleason, Am. Journ. Bot. 16: 588. 1929. M. intermedium Glea-
son, I.e. 589. M. rivulare f. glandulosum Gleason, I.e. 590. M.
compressum Gleason, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 65: 577. 1938.
The geographical range of the species is from Mexico, through
Central America, and Panama. The species is a variable one and
perhaps could be divided into two varieties but these would then
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 577
be difficult to define. The species as I would define it is practically
the same as it was defined by Cogniaux in 1891, except that many
more specimens are available and show two taxa maintained by
Cogniaux to be the same.
Monochaetum Deppeanum (Schlecht. & Cham.) Naud. Ann.
Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 14: 165. 1850. Rhexia Deppeana Schlecht. & Cham.
Linnaea 5: 566. 1830.
The range is southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. The
species is quite variable and it is curious that it has not been seg-
regated.
Monochaetum tenellum Naud. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 14: 159.
1850.
The species is apparently endemic to Guatemala. It is closely
allied to M. Deppeanum but apparently can be distinguished con-
sistently by larger size, longer petiole on leaves, and non-barbellate
pubescence.
Monochaetum guatemalense Standl. & Steyerm. (Field Mus. Bot.
23: 136. 1944) is a synonym of Heterocentron elegans (Schlecht.)
Kuntze.
Rhynchanthera De Candolle is a small but distinctive genus to
which four North American species have been ascribed. In verify-
ing the single species credited to Guatemala I had occasion to look
at most of the material available in the larger American herbaria.
There follows a key to the species that I have seen and bibliography
and comment concerning them. Alfred Cogniaux prepared a good
revision of the genus more than 70 years ago (in DC. Monog. Phan.
7: 97-111. 1891) and accounted for 35 species, all South American
except one.
Petioles and upper surface of leaves glabrous R. medialis.
Petioles and upper surface of leaves pubescent.
Connective of one fertile stamen much longer and bigger than on the other four;
leaves acute to the base R. grandiflora.
Connectives of fertile stamens essentially similar; leaves very obtuse or usually
cordate at the base.
Hypanthium with a few setose hairs about 2 mm. long R. paludicola.
Hypanthium densely short fulvous-pubescent R. mexicana.
Unknown, perhaps a synonym of R. grandiflora R. insignis.
578 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
Rhynchanthera grandiflora (Aubl.) A. DC. Prodr. 3: 107.
1828. Melastoma grandiflora Aubl. Hist. PL Guiane Fr. 1: 414,
t. 160. 1775.
A species widespread in the tropical lowlands. It occurs in
Mexico, but only one specimen has been found in Central America
although it should certainly be found along the Atlantic lowlands
of most of the region. The species is found in the lowlands of all
the northern South American countries and extends southward into
the Amazon basin. It is quite possible that R. insignis Naudin be-
longs here as a synonym. I have seen the following North American
specimens of the species:
MEXICO: Minatitlan, Veracruz, Dec. 5, 1928, Mells.n. (US, NY);
Chinameca, Veracruz, Apr. 30, 1910, Orcutt 3278 (F, GH, MO, US) ;
in bog, Minatitlan, Veracruz, Jan. 30, 1892, J. A. Smith 404 (MO);
Jaltapan, Veracruz, in 1895, C. L. Smith 1009 (US, NY).
COSTA RICA: San Isidro del General, Aug. 10, 1936, Danforth
37 (GH).
PANAMA: Canagas, Veraguas, Feb. 8, 1937, Allen 73 (NY); San-
tiago, Veraguas, Nov. 24-25, 1938, Allen 1014 (MO, GH, US, NY);
Sona, Veraguas, Nov. 24, 1938, [albino form], Allen 1020 (MO); El
Valle de Anton, Code", Nov. 11, 1941, Allen 2814 (NY); Ocu, Her-
rera, Jan. 22, 1947, Allen 4044 (MO, NY) ; Aguadulce, Code", Dec. 3-
6, 1911, Pittier 4942 (F, GH, US); between Paso del Arado and Ola,
Code", Dec. 7-9, 1911, Pittier 5027 (US); El Valle, Cocl^, Jan. 8,
1938, White & White 65 (NY), 66 (MO, NY); Penonome, Feb. 23-
Mar. 22, 1908, Williams 216 (NY).
Rhynchanthera insignis Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 12: 206.
1849.
I know nothing of this species. Cogniaux (in DC. Monog. Phan.
7: 105. 1891) places it as a synonym of R. mexicana DC., but Cog-
niaux' concept of the species is obviously a mixture and this reduction
should be verified. It is more likely to be a synonym of R. grandiflora.
MEXICO.
Rhynchanthera medialis Standl. & Steyerm. Field Mus. Bot.
23: 137. 1944.
The type is the only known collection of the species. It is fruit-
ing and it may not belong to Rhynchanthera. The peculiar dichasi-
oid inflorescence is not like that of any other member of the genus.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 579
GUATEMALA: Between Canjula and La Union, Juarez, Volcan
Tacana, Feb. 22, 1940, Steyermark 36386 (F, NY).
Rhynchanthera mexicana DC. Prodr. 3: 108. 1828; Cogn. in
DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 105. 1891. Thenardia rosea [Sesse" & Mocino]
ex DC. I.e.
This species is based on a drawing in the De Candolle herbarium
(Chicago Natural History Museum Neg. 30660) in turn based on a
Sesse" and Mocino specimen that could be the one from which the
drawing was made; it is numbered 1211, which number also appears
on a field label in red crayon. There is a duplicate of this specimen
in Chicago as well as a photograph of Sesse" & Mocino's sketch of
Thenardia rosea. Cogniaux (in DC. Monog. Phan.) apparently did
not see the De Candolle drawing or the Sesse" & Mocino material or
drawing for he placed the species in the wrong group of the genus.
Gleason (Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 45: 219. 1958) followed Cogniaux'
lead, and the specimens he cited are all R. grandiflora.
I have seen no specimens of the species, except from Mexico.
MEXICO: Sesse & Mocino 1211 (F); Veracruz, Sept. 7, 1944,
Gitty & Hernandez 20 (NY).
Rhynchanthera paludicola (Donn.-Sm.) Gleason, Phytologia
1: 136. 1935. Tibouchina paludicola Donn.-Sm. Bot. Gaz. 42: 293.
1906.
The species is a variable one and the material cited may include
two or perhaps even three things, but better material is needed.
TYPICAL: Costa Rica: Canas Gordas, Feb.-Mar. 1897, Pittier
11055 (US), 11056 (US, F); El General, Jan. 1939, Skutch 4097
(A, NY, US).
ATYPICAL, SMALL-LEAFED FORM: Costa Rica: Los Chiles, Rio
Frio, Holm & Iltis 936 (NY). Panama: Boquete, Chiriqui, July 24-
26, 1940, Woodson & Schery 739b (NY).
ATYPICAL, DENSELY STRIGOSE, FULVOUS FORM: Panama: Llanos
del Volcan, Jan. 23, 1939, Allen 1549 (F, GH, US, NY); Boquete,
Chiriqui, April 21, 1938, Davidson 588 (F, A, US).
Tibouchina Aublet in continental North America is a small genus
of perhaps fewer than a dozen species, some of which are to be found
also in South America, where the genus is a very large and compli-
cated one.
580 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
Tibouchina aspera Aubl. Hist. PI. Guiane Fr. 1: 446, t. 177.
1775. T. belizensis Lundell, Am. Midi. Nat. 29: 483. 1943.
Dr. Wurdack has called my attention to the fact that there seems
to be no difference between the abundant northern South American
Tibouchina aspera and T. belizensis from our region. So far as I
know, the species is recorded from only two localities in British
Honduras, and nowhere else in North America. The disjunct range
is of interest but not unusual.
There is in our herbarium a fragment from the Aublet herbarium
which may have come from the type collection.
Tibouchina bipenicillata (Naud.) Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 14
(3): 385. 1885; in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 243. 1891.
This species ranges from Costa Rica to Venezuela and Colombia.
Standley (Field Mus. Bot. 18: 840. 1938) credited T. Mathaei Cogn.
to Costa Rica. The specimens which he had available are rather
T. bipenicillata.
The only other closely related species in Central America is T.
aspera Aubl., mentioned above.
Tibouchina longifolia (Vahl) Baill. Adansonia 12: 74. 1877.
Rhexia longifolia Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1 : 39. 1796. Tibouchina Bour-
gaeana Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 264. 1891. T. aliena Brande-
gee, Univ. Cal. Publ. Bot. 6: 58. 1914.
Tibouchina longifolia is the common, occasionally abundant, and
widely distributed Tibouchina of Central America. It is in the West
Indies as well and extends as far south as Bolivia. It occurs in most
natural habitats, except the driest and coldest, and its elevational
range is from 150 to some 2000 meters. It is an occasional weed in
cultivated ground or in second growth.
The species is variable, and for the Flora of Guatemala I have
included in it plants with the connective of the anther to more than
1 mm. long; those with anthers of two sizes in a flower; and those
having almost no connective to those with some connective on sta-
mens with larger anthers. Pubescence is from dense to rather sparse,
appressed or spreading; the calyx lobes from about 3 mm. long to as
much as 15 mm.; the petals from perhaps as little as 5 mm. long to
15 mm. or perhaps more.
Without passing on the validity of Tibouchina Schiedeana (Cham.
& Schlecht.) Cogn. (in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 261. 1891) and of T.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 581
Naudiniana (Dene.) Cogn. (in DC., I.e. 264), which were both de-
scribed from Mexico above the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, the Central
American material determined with these names by Gleason, Stand-
ley, myself and others is being redetermined as T. longifolia.
Tibouchina longisepala Cogn. var. longisepala. T. longi-
sepala Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 259. 1891.
A fairly distinct species among those of Central America. It
occurs in the mountains of the western departments of Guatemala
and may be expected in the Mexican state of Chiapas. The type
collection is Bernoulli & Cario 2872, which I have not seen.
Tibouchina longisepala var. spathulata (Brandegee) L. Wms.,
comb. nov. T. spathulata Brandegee, Univ. Cal. Publ. Bot. 6: 58.
1914.
The variety spathulata is distinguished from variety longisepala
by having the hairs of the stems and the branches widely spreading
and not appressed as in the typical variety. All of the specimens
seen originated along the Mexico-Guatemala border in the state of
Chiapas and the departments of San Marcos and Quezaltenango.
Topobea Aublet is a small but interesting and difficult genus
ranging in North America from Mexico to Panama, where 25 species
have been reported or described. A greater number are reported
from South America. The genus is very closely related to Blakea P.
Br., and in fact the distinction between the two is rather tenuous. In
Topobea the anthers are elongated, either linear or lanceolate and
attenuated at the apex, while those of Blakea are short, oval or oblong
and obtuse at the apex. It is difficult to place a given specimen in
its genus if stamens are missing, as they often are. In Topobea there
seem to be two groups — one in which the anthers are connate and
with the connective produced dorsally into an appendage, the other
in which the anthers are apparently free at anthesis and the con-
nective is without a dorsal appendage.
The following is an account of those species of Topobea which I
am able to distinguish, occurring from Mexico to the San Juan de-
pression in Nicaragua.
Calyx truncate, with or without external dentiform appendages near the margin;
bracts one-third to one-half the length of hypanthium and calyx.
Bracts about one-third as long as hypanthium and calyx; axils of main leaf veins
without coarse, weak hairs T. laevigata.
582 FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
Bracts about half as long as hypanthium and calyx; axils of main leaf veins
below with a few coarse, weak hairs T. calycularis.
Calyx prominently 6-dentate; bracts about half as long as hypanthium and calyx.
Three principal veins separating well above base of leaf; bracts of outer pair
divided about half way to base T. calycularis.
Three principal veins separating at or very near base of blade; bracts of outer
pair free nearly to base.
Outer bracts longer than inner pair; inflorescence, bracts and hypanthium
furfuraceous pubescent T. Watsonii.
Outer bracts equaling inner ones; bracts glabrous or pubescent.
Petioles with a tuft of hairs at juncture with blade; leaf blades mostly
about 20 cm. long; hypanthium glabrous T. Maurofernandeziana.
Petioles without hairs at juncture with blade; leaf blades mostly about
9 cm. long; hypanthium obscurely furfuraceous T. Standleyi.
Topobea calycularis Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 18: 149.
1852; Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 1090. 1891.
GUATEMALA: Johnston 1849 (F); Skutch 1845 (F, NY); Standley
89832 (F, NY), 89973 (F), 91228 (F), 91704 (F), 92672 (F); Steyer-
mark 44834 (F, NY), 48727, 48912 (F); Tuerckheim 1135 (F, NY),
1688 (F); Wilson 178, 199, 360 (all F).
The species occurs in Guatemala in a rather restricted area in
the west central part of the country. The name has been used for
most of the kinds of Topobea which occur in the area. The differ-
ences between this species and T. laevigata seem to be rather minor
and it is possible that additional material will show them to be the
same.
Originally described from Mexico. I have not seen Mexican ma-
terial and accept the species as Cogniaux treated it.
Topobea laevigata (D. Don) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 18:
150. 1852. Blakea laevigata D. Don, Mem. Wern. Soc. 4: 327. 1823.
Melastoma laevigatum Schlecht. Linnaea 18: 428. 1939.
MEXICO: Purpus 1226 (F), 4318 (F), 5768 (F), 11163 (F); Sesse
& Mocino 1818 (F).
GUATEMALA: Maxon & Hay 3219 (US).
BRITISH HONDURAS: Gentle 4928 (LL).
The only specimens with definite localities we have are from Vera
Cruz as are those which Cogniaux cited (DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 1090.
1891), and that from British Honduras. The Mexican specimens
cited in old literature and credited to Pavon as Blakea trinervia are
no doubt those of Sesse" and Mocino who possibly intended to name
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 583
their collection Blakea trinervia L. There are four sheets of this spe-
cies in the Sess£ and Mocino herbarium, now all given the same
number (1812) but surely from two different collections, for the
original field numbers seem to be 11-1 and 12-1. One of these (12-1)
bears the name "Blakea trinervia ic.," the other (11-1) bears the
same name with two additional letters (m) inserted in the generic
name before the final a but without the indication "ic." However,
on the same sheet is another original label with the name changed
to Spanish phonetic spelling, followed by the indication "ic."
Topobea Maurofernandeziana Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7:
1193. 1891. T. Durandiana Cogn. Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 30: 268. 1891.
MEXICO: Plan de Carrizo, Galeana District, Guerrero, alt. 700 m.,
Hinton et al. 14661 (F, GH, NY, US) ; same locality, alt. 850 m., Hin-
ton et al. 14700 (GH, NY, US).
There is some question whether the two names given above really
belong to the same species but until this genus has been revised I
prefer to place them together.
The species is known from Mexico and Costa Rica. I have seen
only two collections from our range and so far as I know they are
the only collections of the genus from the Pacific slope of North
America above Costa Rica. In Costa Rica the species is reasonably
abundant.
Topobea Standleyi L. Wms., sp. nov.
Arbores vel frutices usque ad 8 m. Folia elliptica vel ovalia, longe petiolata,
acuminata; inflorescentia uni-biflora; pedunculus crassus, usque ad 1 cm. longus;
calyx coriaceus, urceolatus, 6-dentatus; petala subrhombica vel ovato-subrhom-
bica, acuta, carnosa; connectiva inappendiculata.
Small trees or shrubs to 8 m. tall, the branches stout, obtusely tetragonous
or subterete, glabrous or nearly so; leaves elliptic to oval, glabrous or the petiole
obscurely puberulent at first, long petiolate, abruptly acuminate, the blade 4.5-
15 cm. long, 1.5-10 cm. broad (mostly about 9X4 cm.), cuneate or acute to the
base, 5-nerved, the lateral pair very obscure, secondary nerves diverging at about
80°, the petiole 1.5-4 cm. long, slender; inflorescence 1-2 short pedicellate flowers
in the axils of upper leaves; flower with short fleshy pedicels 1 cm. long or less,
the subtending bracts minutely furfuraceous, two opposed pairs, the outer pair
ovate, as long as or slightly longer than the inner pair, about 5 mm. long, divided
to the base, the inner pair free and truncate or rounded; hypanthium and calyx
coriaceous, obscurely furfuraceous, about 7-8 mm. long, the hypanthium urceo-
late, the calyx regularly 6-dentate, somewhat flaring; petals subrhombic or ovate-
subrhombic, acute, fleshy, obscurely retrorse-ciliolate, to 7 mm. long and 5 mm.
broad; stamens apparently free, the anther about 5 mm. long, the filament a
little shorter, the connective lacking dorsal appendage.
584
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
FIG. 18. Topobea Standleyi. A, Habit (X K). B, Bracts, hypanthium and
calyx (X 2)4). C, Petal (X 2^). D, Stamen (X 4).
GUATEMALA: Tree 25 feet, petals pink and white, on dry rocky
hills, in forest of pine and oak, north of Santa Rosa, Dept. Baja
Verapaz, March 30, 1939, Standley 69709 (type in Chicago Natural
History Museum; NY); shrub or small tree, in pine-oak forest, on
rocky hills near and above Santa Rosa, Dept. Baja Verapaz, alt.
1,500 m., Apr. 4, 1941, Standley 91045 (F, NY).
Standley and Gleason have both given manuscript names to the
collections cited above but neither has published a name. The spe-
cies seems to be distinct and it is with pleasure that I name it for
Standley.
Perhaps most closely related to T. Watsonii, a species of wet, low
forests. It is distinguished by the thick branchlets, the short thick
and fleshy pedicels, difference in shapes of both pairs of bracts, and
other details.
WILLIAMS: TROPICAL AMERICAN PLANTS, V 585
Topobea Watsonii Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. 7: 1089. 1891.
T. rosea Gleason, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 336. 1940.
A lowland species found in British Honduras and the lowlands of
Guatemala and Nicaragua.
BRITISH HONDURAS: Gentle 6316 (LL), 7169 (LL); Schipp S496
(F), 1320 (F).
GUATEMALA: Hatch & Wilson s.n. (F); Johnson 1237 (F); Steyer-
mark 391+17 (F, NY), 39*28 (F), 41681 (F), 41798 (F); Watson 94,
in part (GH).
NICARAGUA: Englesing 116 (F).
The isotype of this species in the Gray Herbarium is a mixture
of Topobea Watsonii Cogn. and of Blakea bella Standl. Steyermark
41681 is almost identical to the portion of the collection which is
a Topobea.
Triolena Naudin and Diolena Naudin. The species of these two
genera are very much alike in general appearance but are separated
by stamen characters that would seem to be trivial — certainly not
of generic worth. Diolena, if separated from Triolena, has two basal
spurs on the connective of the anther and the leaves of each pair are
dimorphic. Triolena has three basal spurs on the connective, at least
on the larger anthers, and the leaves of each pair are isomorphic or
dimorphic.
In the preliminary manuscript of the Flora of Guatemala, Paul
Standley has indicated that "it is probable that the two groups
should be united," although he did not carry out the suggestion.
There seems to be no justification to maintain the two generic names
and as they were published at the same time and as the taxa contain
about an equal number of entities, Triolena Naudin is selected as the
name to be kept and Diolena Naudin is reduced to synonymy.
Triolena hygrophylla (Naudin) L. Wms., comb. nov. Diolena
hygrophylla Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 15: 329. 1851.
The type species of Diolena, Venezuela.
Triolena calciphila (Standl. & Steyerm.) Standl. & L. Wms.,
comb. nov. Diolena calciphila Standl. & Steyerm. Field Mus. Bot.
23: 133. 1944.
Known only from Guatemala.
586 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 29
Triolena roseiflora (Standl. & Steyerm.) Standl. & L. Wms.,
comb. nov. Diolena roseiflora Standl. & Steyerm. I.e. 134.
Known only from Guatemala.
Triolena stenophylla (Standl. & Steyerm.) Standl. & L. Wms.,
comb. nov. Diolena stenophylla Standl. & Steyerm. I.e. 135.
Known only from Guatemala.
Triolena spicata (Triana) L. Wms., comb. nov. Diolena spicata
Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28: 81. 1871.
Originally from Colombia (Choco) ; recorded from Panama.
HALORAGACEAE
Gunnera
There have been described from Mexico and Central America
five species of Gunnera. The first of these, described as Pankea
insignis by Oersted in 1857 from Costa Rican material, is the oldest
and is now well known from Costa Rica and Panama. Hemsley, in
the Biologia Centrali-Americana, included G. insignis and a second
undescribed species from Vera Cruz in Mexico. Schindler, in his
review of Haloragaceae in Pflanzenreich, added G. Wendlandii
Reinke ex Schindler, which is probably a synonym of G. insignis.
Schindler apparently saw only four collections of the genus for North
America and these all from Costa Rica. In 1922, Brandegee de-
scribed G. mexicana, which is unknown to me except for the rather
short description. In 1940, Dr. Lundell described G. Killipiana from
Volcan de Tacana on the Guatemalan-Mexican border and it is to
this species that all of our Guatemalan and Honduran material will
be referred in the Flora of Guatemala. Weber and Mora more re-
cently (1958) have described G. talamanca from Costa Rica. This
comes from the known range of G. insignis, but in the field, where I
saw it a few months ago, it appears quite distinct.
Proserpinaca
There is but a single species of Proserpinaca in Central America
and adjacent Mexico. Dr. N. C. Fassett has annotated most of our
Central American material as P. palustris var. crebra Fernald &
Griscom but it seems not "abundantly" distinct from the typical
variety.
INDEX TO VOLUME 29
Synonyms in italics
Abbevillea 152, 165
Acca 151, 165, 174
Aciotis Levy ana 549
Acisanthera
bartlettii 539
bivalvis 536
crassipes 539
genliseoides 541
gracilis 539
limnobios 536
nana 539
rosulans 540
Acmena 167, 168
Acrandra 152
Agalma kauaiense 51, 52, 123
Allenanthus erythrocarpus 371
Amomis 152
Amyrsia 170
Anamomis 160, 169, 170, 173, 479
fragrans 485
Anetanthus 231
Anonaceae 545
Antirrhinoideae 232
Aralia trigyna 3, 18
Araliae 4
Archibaccharis lucentifolia 388
"Arete" 259
"Aretes de la cocinera" 233
Arthrostemma 549
alatum 549
apodocarpum 550
campanulare 550
ciliatum 550
fragile 550
hirtellum 567
macrodesmum 550
parvifolium 550
Asplundia costaricensis 345
"Auahi" 112
Aulacocarpus 151
Aulomyrcia 146, 150, 160, 165, 166
egensis 191
macrophylla 191
multiflora 165
"Auwahi" 112
Banara
grandiflora 376
leucothyrsa 366
mexicana 365
Bellucia 551
costaricensis 551
grossularioides 551
Biflorae 169
Bixa Orellana
f. leiocarpa 358
var. leiocarpa 358
Blakea laevigata 582
Blepharpcalyx 152, 166, 172, 173
Bonifazia quezalteca. 378
Borreria rhadinophylla 371
Britoa 152
Cabralea 295
Cactaeceae 476
Calceolaria nigricans 358
Calycampe 150
Calycolpus 152, 173
moritzianus 226
Calycorectes 151, 171, 172
densiflorus 509
macrocalyx 212
Calyptranthes 150, 151, 153, 160, 166,
178,396,397
apoda 412
aromatica 411
brevispicata 181
chytraculia 403
var. americana 404
var. chytraculia 403
var. pauci flora 407
costa-ricensis 408
crebra 181
euryphylla 405
gigantifolia 181
hernandezii 404
johnstonii 405
krugioides 182
maxima 182
mexicana 409
millspaughii 405
pallens 406
var. mexicana 409
var. pallens 407
var. williamsii 408
paxillata 410
plicata 182
rufotomentosa 183
schiedeana 411
schlechtendaliana 411
587
588
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
sessilis 183
simulata 184
tenuipes411
tessmannii 184
tovarensis 412
vexata 412
unlliamsii 408
zuzygium 412
Calyptrella 562
cucullata 563
cycliophylla 563
denticulata 563
Galeottii 563
gracilis 564
littoralis 564
micrantha 564
robusta 564
stellata 564
tristis 564
Calyptromyrcia 150, 165
Calyptropsidium 152, 173
Campomanesia 151, 152, 172, 173
lineatifolia 157
"Caoba" 302
Carapa 295
Carica
dolichaula 368
heptaphylla 368
mexicana 368
Carludovica costaricensis 345
Casearia
banquitana 359
var. laevis 359
Bartlettii 358
Brighamii 359
coronata 548
corymbosa 359
dolichophylla 359
dubia 359
elegans 358
Getttfei 359
javitensis var. myriantha 359
laetioides 359
/aepts 359
myriantha 359
nitida 359
Cassipourea
belizensis 370
elliptica 369
guianensis 369
macrodonta 370
podantha 370
Catinga 151, 171, 172
Cedrela295,311
adenophylla 319
aHiacea 333
alternifolia 339
angustifolia 296, 303, 305, 306, 307,
308,310,319
Balansae 319, 333
barbata 319
6ogp<erms 337
boliviina 328
brasiliensis 319
var. australis 333
Brownii 312
brunellioides 333
caldasana 319
ciliolata 319
discolor 330
Dugesii 319
fissilis 305, 306, 308, 310, 333
var. glabrior 333
var. macrocarpa 333
Glaziovii 319
guianensis 298, 312
Hassleri 319
333
i 319
imparipinnata 319
lancifolia 311
Lilloi 305, 310, 328
long i flora 319
longipes 312
longipetiolulata 319
macrocarpa 333
merrilli 310
mexicana 296, 309, 312
var. puberula 312
montana 305, 306, 310, 337
var. mexicana 329
Mourae 319
oaxacensis 305, 307, 308, 310, 329
occidentalis 312
odorata 296, 298, 303, 305-310, 312
oregoniana 311
pacayana 319
pachyrhachis 319
paraguariensis 319
var. brachystachya 319
var. Hassleri 319
var. multijuga 319
poblensis 330
pteraformis 311
Regnellii 333
flosei' 337
rotunda 319
salvadorensis 330
saxatilis 330
sinensis 298
Sintenisii 312
Steinbachii 328
subandina 337
Tonduzii 330
tubiflora 333
f. angustifolia 333
subsp. bertoniensis 333
var. grandifolia 333
var. intermedia 333
var. lagenaria 333
var. parvifoliola 333
Velloziana 312
Weberbaueri 312, 339
Whitfordii 319
yucatana 312
Cedrelaceae 298
INDEX
589
Cedreleae 298, 299
Cedrelieae 298
Cedreloideae 298, 299
Cedrelopsideae 299
"Cedro" 296, 297, 301, 303, 304
Cedrus 297, 311
Cedrus alternifolius 339
Centradenia 552
Bernoullii 552
chiapensis 553
divaricata 553
floribunda
var. Bernoullii 552
var. floribunda 552
var. grandifolia 552
grandifolia 553
var. brevisepala 553
inaequilateralis 553
Maxoniana 553
salicifolia 553
Cephalocereus Maxonii 377
Cereus
Eichlamii 382
laevigatus 382
var. guatemalensis 382
Maxonii 377
Yunckeri 384
Cerqueiria 150
"Chancho bianco" 364
Cheirodendron 3, 6
Dominii 5, 17
Fauriei 5, 37
var. Macdanielsii 38
Gaudichaudii 4, 18, 26, 29, 34, 42
Helleri 38
var. microcarpum 40
var. multiflorum 40
var. sodalium 41
kauaiense 5, 14
var. Forbesii 16
var. keakuense 5, 16
var. typicum 14
laetivirens 4
marquesense 5
platyphyllum 4, 11
samoense 4
trigynum 4, 18
var. acuminatum 5, 34
var. confer tiflorum 30
var. Degeneri 35
f. pauciflorum 36
var. Fosbergii21
var. halawanum 26
var. hawaiense 4
var. Hillebrandii 29
var. Ilicoides 33
var. kauaiense 4, 5, 37
var. mauiense 4, 22
var. molokaiense 24
f. angustius 25
var. multiflorum 5, 40
var. oblongum 22
f . latius 23
var. osteostigma 25
var. Rockii 32
var. Skottsbergii 32
var. subcordatum 20
valdiviense 4
wahiawense 5, 37, 42
Cheloneae 231, 232
"Chidra" 345
Chimarris decurrens 371
Chrysochlamys
costaricana 356
glauca 357
guatemaltecana 356
nicaraguensis 356
psychotriaefolia 356
Chuncoa
amazonia 384
oblonga 385
Cissus serrulatifolia 375
Cleistocalyx 167, 168
C ley era
costaricensis 353
Matudai 353
panamensis 353
revoluta 353
serrulata 353
Skutchii 353
tacanensis 353
theaeoides 353
Clidemia 554
capitellata 555
var. capitellata 555
var. dependens 555
var. neglecta 556
densi flora 565
dependens 555
Deppeana 559
globuliflora 556
laxi flora var. longipetiolata 559
Matudae 556
Naudiniana 559
neglecta 556
octona 558
petiolaris 559
reticulata 560
scopulina 560
serrulata 559
spectabilis 556
strigillosa 560
subseriata 569
umbellata 560
"Cola de gallo" 345
"Coligallo" 345
Combretaceae 384
Combretum
Benthamianum 370
farinosum 370
var. phaenopetalum 370
fruticosum 370
lepidopetalum 370
phaenopetalum 370
polystachyum 370
secundum 370
590
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
superbum 370
Warszewiczianum 370
Compositae 388
Conostegia 561
Bernoulliana 561
caelestis 561
cucullata 563
hondurensis 561
icosandra 561
Lundellii 561
plumosa 562
subhirsuta 561
"Coral blow" 233
"Coral plant" 233
Corymbiflorae 169
Cryptophoranthus Endresianus 345
Cryptorhizoideae 170
"Cuajiote" 345
Cuphea
cyanea 369
var. hirtella 369
micrantha 369
mimuloides 369
var. guianensis 369
var. hypericoides 369
Valerii 369
Davilla 349
aspera 349
aspera
var. aspera 349
var. Matudae 350
lucida 350
Kunthii 350
Dichotomae 169
Dilleniaceae 376
Diolena 585
calciphila 585
hygrophylla 585
roseiflora 586
spicata 586
stenophylla 586
Dipanax 51, 52, 53
dipyrena 52, 125
gymnocarpa 52, 133
fccwaiense 52
kauaiensis 123
Mannii 51, 52, 125
Eichlamii 378
quezaltecus 378
Doliocarpus hispidus 350
"Ear-rings of the cook" 233
Elutheria 295
Epidendrum lamellatum 346
Epiphyllum 378
Eichlamii 378
macropterum 378
quezaltecum 378
Erblichia
odorata 367
var. mollis 368
Standleyi 367
xylocarpa 367
var. mollis 368
Eroteum theaeoides 353
Eugenia 146, 151, 153, 155, 157, 161,
166, 167, 169, 171, 172, 194, 413
subgen. Macrocalyx 169
acapulcensis 421
acrensis 202
aerosa 203
alaternifolia 481
alnifolia 425
andina 481
anglohondurensis 521
antiquae 421
apodantha 520
argyrea 426
aromatica 481
atroracemosa 203
atrosquamata 204
avicenniae 427
axillaris 428
barbata 204
bartlettiana 421
baruensis 421
basilaris 464
biflora 428
bifurcata 205
bonplandiana 421
bracteolosa 421
calva 205
campechiana 421
capuli 432
carthagenensis 421
var. baruensis 421
cartilaginea 205
casearioides 433
chartacea 206
chepensis 434
choapamensis 435
cocquericotensis 446
colipensis 436
comitanensis 421
contrerasii 432
conzattii 446
crassifolia 467
crebrifolia 484
crenularis 436
crucicalyx 206
culminicola 437
curvipilosa 206
curvivenia 207
deltoidea 421
dibranchiata 207
discreta 208
dissitiflora 467
doubledayi 470
dugandii 484
egensis 169, 466
escuinttensis 421
farameoides 439
ferreyrae 209
fieldingii 428
INDEX
591
flavida 467
flavoviridis 467
florida 157, 158
foetida var. rhombea 453
fragrans 485
gaumeri 469
gentlei 520
guadalupensis 421
guanacastensis 465
guatemalensis 439
hexovulata 210
hintonii 436
hiraeifolia 455, 457
hondurensis 467
hypargyrea 439
illepida 210
inconspicua 440
indifferens211
karsteniana 490
karwinskyana 440
koepperi 470
laevis 468
var. gaumeri 469
Iedophylla430,440
leptopa 453
liebmannii 441
lindeniana 442
longicuspis 211
lopeziana 485
lundellii 469
macrocalyx 212
macrocarpa 442
mandonii212
mariquitensis 491
maritima 421
mato 491
mexiae 455
mexicana 442
michoacanensis 443
micrantha 433
micranthoides212
minimifolia213,492
mirandae 444
mosquitensis 421
mouririoides 521
multirimosa 213
musarum 521
nicaraguensis 467
oaxacana 455, 456, 458
octopleura 470
oerstedeana 446
oreinoma 465
origanoides 448
orthostemon 492
ovati folia 421
pollens 406
palmar um 503
petenensis 446
pittieri 433
pleurocarpa 449
praeterita 450
principium 451
pseudo-mato 493
pueblana 452
punctata 485
punicifolia 157
purpusii 455, 456
pycnantha 494
quadrijuga 216
quebradensis 217
quinqueloba 217
rekoi 453
rhombea 453
rigidissima 494
rondonensis 495
salamensis 455
var. hiraeifolia 457
var. rensoniana 456
var. salamensis 455
scalariformis218
schiedeana 432
schippii 521
schunkei218
sibunensis 421
sinaloae 457
standleyi 458
steyermarkii 485
stipitata 157, 219
subsp. sororia 157, 220
subsp. stipitata 220
storkii 496
subverticillaris 468
symphoricarpos 458
teapensis 459
tenuimarginata 220
ternifolia 497
tomentulosa 455
trifiora 485
triquetra 497
truncata 465
trunciflora 460
tumulescens 221
turneri 460
turumiquirensis 497
uniflora 168
valyata221
variareolata 222
versicolor 223
vincentina 446
xalapensis 461
xilitlensis 462
yautepecana 463
"Eugenia A" 167, 168
"Eugenia B" 167, 168
Eugeniinae 151, 153, 160, 166
Eugenioideae 150, 170
Eugeniopsis 150
Eurusselia 245
Eurya
lancifolia 354
macrophylla 354
panamensis 353
Eutetraplasandra 51, 54
Feijoa 174
Flacourtiaceae 363, 376, 548
592
FIELD IANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
Fothergilla mirabilis 574
Freziera
Grisebachii 354
lanci folia 354
macrophylla 354
Gastonia oahuensis 49, 90
Gaura fruticosa 370
Gimbernatia
amazonia 385
oblonga 385
Glomeratae 169
Gomidesia 150, 160, 165, 166
Gomphia curvata 352
Jurgensenii 352
lucens 352
Graffenrieda 562
cucullata 563
denticulata 563
Galeottii 563
gracilis 564
micrantha 564
robusta 564
stellata 564
tristis 564
Gratioliae 232
Guarea 295
"Guayabo" 385
Gunnera 586
Haloragaceae 586
Hasseltia
grandiflora 376
macroterantha 364
mexicana 365
pyramidalis 365
quinquenervia 366
Hasseltiopsis
albomicans 365
leucothyrsa 365
mucronata 366
Hedera 4
Gaudichaudi 3, 18, 26
platyphylla 3, 11
Heeria 566
axillaris 567
macrostachya 567
rosea 567
Heliocereus 379
cinnabarinus 380
Schrankii 379
Henriettea 564
brunnescens 566
cuneata 565
densiftora 565
fascicularis 565
macrocalyx 566
Seemannii 566
strigosa 566
succosa 566
tuberculosa 566
Henriettella 564
costaricensis 566
cuneata 565
densiflora 565
fascicularis 565
macrocalyx 566
Seemannii 566
tuberculosa 566
Heptapleurum 54
dipyrenum 51, 52, 125
gymnocarpum 52, 133
kauaiense 52, 123
kauiense 123
kavaiense 51
waimeae 50, 103
Heterocentron 566
axillare 567
elegans 567
glandulosum 567
hirtellum 567
hondurense 568
macrostachyum 567
mexicanum 567
roseum 567
salvqdoranum 567
sessi'Ks 567
subtriplinervium 567
suffruticosum 567
Heteronoma 549
campan«tore 550
Heterotrichium 568
Eggersii 561
globuliflorum 556
niveum 561
octonum 558
patens 560
scopulinum 560
umbellatum 560
Hexachlamys 151
Homalium 362
eurypetalum 363
hondurense 363
nicaraguense 363
racemosum 363
riparium 363
Schippii 363
stenosepalum 363
trichostemon 362
Hybanthus
Galeottii 358
occultus 358
Purpusii 358
Hylocereus 382
Hypericum
caracasanum 355
irazuense 355
silenoides 355
Iltisia repens 371
lonidium
Galeottii 358
occultum 358
conica 368
INDEX
593
dolichaula 368
mexicana 368
Johnsonia 311
Jossinia 167, 168
Juncirusselia 243
Lacerdaea 152
"Lapalapa" 14
Laplacea coriacea 354
Leandra 569
subseriata 569
Legnotis elliptica 369
Lemaireocereus
Eichlamii 382
longispinus 382
Leptospermaceae 170
Leucopremna mexicana 368
"Lluvia de coral" 244
"Lluvia de fuego" 233
Lockhartia Integra 346
Loreya brunnescens 566
Luma 170
Maba sandwicensis 84
Macrohasseltia 363
macroterantha 364
Maieta
cuneata 565
setosissima 556
Maja hypericoides 369
Marlierea 150, 160, 166, 174, 470
areolata 175
caudata 176
dussii 509
imperfecta 176
insignis 176
obumbrans 193
squarrosa 177
subulata 177
velutina 178
Marnier a macroptera 378
Maxillaria fulgens 346
Melastoma
bivalvis 536
capitellata 555
dependens 555
fascicularis 565
grandiflora 578
grossularioides 551
holosericea 571
icosandrum 561
laevigatum 582
mucronata 571
nivea 560
octona 558
patens 560
petiolare 559
prasina 575
serrulata 559
strigillosa 560
subtriplinervium 567
succosa 566
umbellata 560
Melastomaceae 386, 549
Meliaceae 298
Melieae 298
Meriania 570
Miconia 570
Bourgaeana 570
Carioana 570
desmantha 570
echinoidea 571
fulyostellata 571
guianensis 574
holosericea 571
humilis 572
laevigata 572
lauriformis 572
Lundelliana 573
mirabilis 574
mucronata 571
paleacea 575
parvifolia 576
platyphylla 575
prasina 575
pteropoda 575
tixixensis 571
Zemurrayana 576
Microlicia limnobios 536
Microspermum repens 371
Mitracarpus
glabrescens 371
rhadinophyllus 371
villosus var. glabrescens 371
Mitranthes 151
sartoriana 525
Monochaetum 576
compressum 576
cymosum 576
Deppeanum 577
diffusum 576
floribundum 576
guatemalense 567
intermedium 576
rivulare 576
f. glandulosum 576
tenellum 577
Munroidendron racemosum 54
Myrceugenella 169, 170
Myrceugenia 150, 173
Myrcia 146, 150, 153, 160, 163, 166, 185,
470
albobrunnea 187
ambivalens 188
aromatica 411
atrorufa 188
biperinis 189
concava 189
connata 189
costa-ricensis 471
crassimarginata 190
dichasialis 190
discolor 471
dispar 191
egensis 191
fasciata 192
594
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
huallagae 192
karsteniana 490
lanceolata var. grandifolia 192
longicaudata 471
madida 192
melanoclada 471
obumbrans 193
oerstedeana 471
pentagona 193
plicato-costata 471
rufidula 470
sartoriana 471
schippii 471
seleriana 485
splendens 470
var. chrysocoma 193
subglabra 194
tovarensis 412
Myrcianthes 151, 169, 170, 173, 473, 479
apiculata 479
femora 485
borealis 4 SI
callicoma 482
cisplatensis 479
crebrifolia 484
compressa 483
dugandii 484
foliosa 491
fragrans 395
var. fragrans 485
var. hispidula 489
irregularis 489
karsteniana 490
leucoxyla 491
mato 491
minimifolia 492
prodigiosa 492
pseudo-mato 493
rhopaloides 481, 483
sessilis 495
storkii 496
ternifolia 497
Myrciaria 151, 171, 172, 493
amazonica 501
bipennis 189
caurensis 501
cordata 501
dubia 501
floribunda 395, 502
ibarrae 503
maragnanensis 502
paraensis 501
phillyraeoides 503
pittieri 503
vexator 503
vismeifolia 504
Myrciinae 150, 158, 165
Myrcioideae 150, 170
Myrciopsis 470
Myrtaceae 145, 395
Myrteae 146, 149, 153, 170
Myrteola 152, 173, 174, 227
vaccinioides var. carabaya 228
Myrtilles 298
Myrtoideae 170
Myrtus 151, 152, 172, 173, 174
axillaris 428
biflora 428
capuli 432
casearioides 433
coccolobaefolia 483
communis 172, 173, 174
compressa 483
foliosa 170, 491
fragrans 485
ledophylla 430
leucoxyla 491
maritima 421
micrantha 433
oaxacena 458
splendens 470
trunciflora 460
xalapensis 461
zuzygium 412
Neosprucea grandiflora 376
Neotetraplasandra 51, 54
Nothotetraplasandra 51, 54
Odotandra 295
Onoctonia
cakarata 539
crassipes 539
pauciflora 539
Orellana americana var. leiocarpa 358
"Organo" 384
Ornithocephalus Lankesteri 346
Osmanthus sandwicensis 84
Ossaea fascicularis 565
Ouratea
costaricensis 351
crassinervia 351
insulae 352
isthmica 352
Jurgensenii 352
ligans 352
lucens 352
var. podogyna 352
podogyna 352
prominens 352
pyramidalis 352
stenobotrys 352
Wrightii 352
"Pa-ah" 269
Paivaea 152
"Palma" 345
"Palo bianco" 491
Panax 4
Gaudichaudii 3, 18, 26, 29, 34, 42
ovatum 3, 4
platyphyllum 3, 11
Paramitranthes densiflora 509
Phyllocactus Eichlamii 378
Phyllocalyx 151, 168, 169, 172
INDEX
595
Pileus
heptaphyllus 368
mexicanus 368
Pilocereus Maxonii 377
Pilosocereus Maxonii 377
Pimenta 152, 395, 511
Pimentinae 151, 153, 160, 172
Pimentoideae 150
Pinaceae 545
Piriquetia xylocarpa 367
Pistachiers 298
Pleuranthodendron 364, 365
mexicana 365
Pleurothallis
Butcher! 346
Liebmanniana 347
Plinia 151, 171, 172, 223, 505
clausa 224
duplipilosa 224
dussii 509
fruticosa 509
inflata 225
salt i co la 505
Plinioideae 170
Poteranthera 535
calcarata 539
crassipes 539
duidae 541
genliseoides 541
pauciflora 539
pusilla 541
Proserpinaca 586
Pseudanamomis 170
Pseudocaryophyllus 152, 173
Pseudomyrcianthes 170
pseudo-mato 493
Pseudopanax 4
Psidiopsis 152, 173
moritziana 226
Psidium 146, 151, 152, 161, 172, 173,
225, 512
anglohondurense 521
apodanthum 520
biloculare 520
caudatum 226
chiapasense 524
chrysobalanoides 522
dubium 501
fulvum 226
guajava 395
guineense X P. guajava 523
hypoglaucum 523
mouririoides 521
musarum 521
oerstedeanum 524
pedicellatum 227
rensonianum 455, 456, 457
rostratum 227
rotundifolium 522
salutare 524
sartorianum 525
var. yucatanense 527
schippii 522
Ptaeroxyleae 299
Pterolepis fragilis 386
Pterosiphon 311
Pterotropia 51-54
dipyrena 125, 128
gymnocarpa 51, 52, 133, 136
var. pupukeensis 136
kaalae 131
kauaiense 123
kauaiensis 51, 131
Racemosae 169
Racemulosae 169
"Rain of fire" 233
Reichea 169, 170
Rhamnaceae 547
Rhamnus oreodendron 547
Rhexia
Deppeana 577
elegans 567
floribunda 576
grandifolia 553
inaequilateralis 553
longifolia 580
Rhynchanthera 577
grandiflora 578
insignis 578
medialis 578
mexicana 579
paludicola 579
Ribes leptostachyum 348
Ritterocereus Eichlamii 382
Rubachia 150, 165,166
obumbrans 193
Russelia 231, 243
acuminata 248
alata 231, 232, 285
alternifolia 285
americana 285
campechiana 246
capensis 285
chiapensis 257
coccinea 231, 251
f. stipitata 253
colombiana 232, 259
conzattii 280
cuneata 255
deamii 232, 253
depressa 285
elegantissimia 233
elongata 245
ephedroides 269
equisetiformis 231, 232, 233, 244
flammea 285
flavoviridis 259
floribunda 232, 233, 256
var. pubescens 257
furfuracea 232, 274
glandulifera 253
grandidentata 281
hintoni 281
jaliscensis 253
juncea 231, 232, 244
596
FIELDIANA: BOTANY, VOLUME 29
laciniata 250
lanceifolia 250
Lemoinei 233
leptopoda 258
longifolia 268
longisepala 254
maculosa 275
imdtiflora 231, 232, 233, 251
obtusata 277
ovatifolia 256
oxyphylla 267
paniculata 231, 232, 251
parviflora 282
pennelliana 283
var. pilosa 283
peruviana 285
polyedra 231, 232, 283
pringlei 278
pubescens 273
purpusii 245
racemosa 285
retrorsa 231, 232,275
f. nudicostata 277
rotundifolia 233, 271
f. velutina 271
rugosa 271
sarmentosa 231, 233, 245, 259
f. eglandulata 263
f. pubescens 264
f. velutina 265
var. nicaraguensis 265
var. oaxacensis 266
serratifolia 251
sonorensis 268
var. pubescens 269
staleyae 284
standleyi 257
steyermarkii 272
subcoriacea 247
syringaefolia 232, 247
tabacensis 259
tenuis 258
tepicensis 232, 273
teres 248
ternifolia 232, 279
tetraptera 254
trachypleura 275
verticillata 231, 232, 269
villosa 279
Russelieae 232
Samyda
Bartlettii 358
fruticosa 359
nitida 359
Sapindus formosus 310
Schinus 310
Schizocalyx 151, 171, 172
Scrophularia coccinea 251
Scrophularieae 231
Sideroxylon spathulatum 84
Siphoneugena 151, 165, 171, 507
densiflora 509
Siphanthera duidae 541
Sphaerogyne latifolia 575
Spruceanthus grandiflorus 376
Staphylea heterophylla 547
Staphyleaceae 547
Stenocalyx 151, 168, 169
Stenouratea Wrightii 352
Surenus 299, 311
Brownii 299, 312
Suttonia lanaiensis 84
Swietenia 295
Swietenieae 298
Syzygium 167, 168, 170
Tamonea guianensis 574
Terminalia 384
amazonia 384
chiriquensis 385
excelsa 385
Hayesii 385
oblonga 385
obovata 385
Tetracera
belizensis 351, 376
jamaicensis 376
Tetraplasandra 49, 53
bisattenuata 51, 102
Elstonii 71
gymnocarpa 52, 53, 133
var. leptocarpa 134
var. megalocarpa 135
var. pupukeensis 136
hawaiiensis 49, 54, 65
var. awiniensis 66
var. gracilis 67
var. microcarpa 68, 115
kaalae 99
var. multiplex 101
kahanana 52, 137
kauaiensis 52, 123
var. dipyrena 125
var. grandis 126
var. intercedens 126
var. koloana 129
var. nahikuensis 127
var. occidua 129
var.frobustior 128
kohalae 50, 83
Koodersii 49, 53
lanaiensis 50, 84
lihuensis, 51, 81
var. gracilipes 82
Lydgatei 86
var. brachypoda 87
var.coriacea 89
var. Forbesii 88
var. leptorhachis 89
meiandra 50, 51, 103, 138
var. bisobtusa 105
var. Bryanii 105
var. Degeneri 106
var. hatiiensis 97
var. Hillebrandii 106
INDEX
597
var. hiloensis 107
var. leptomera 108
var. longipedunculata 108
var. makalehana 111
var. mauiensis 111
var. molokaiensis 112, 121
var. occidentalis 113
var. olowaluana 113
var. ovalis 68, 114
var. polyantha 115
var. polystigmata 116
var. prolifica 116
var. prolificoides 117
var. ramosior 117
var. rhynchocarpa 118
var. rhynchocarpoides 119
var. Rockii 119
var. simulans 120
var. Skottsbergii 121
var. tenuistylis 122
var. tenuistyloides 123
micrantha 51, 52, 131
Munroi 51, 85
oahuensis 49, 90
var. eradiata 93
var. Fauriei 95
var. hailiensis 97
var. longipes 93
var. pseudolongipes 94
var. psuedorhachis 96
var. venulosior 96
paucidens 49, 53
philippinensis 49, 53
pupukeensis 50, 77
var. decipiens 81
var. megalopoda 79
f. trigona 79
var. nitida 80
var. venosa 78
racemosa 50, 54
turbans 52, 53, 130
waialealae 50, 72
var. acrior 74
var. subsessilis 76
var. urceplata 74
var. wahiawensis 75
waianensis 50, 97
var. palehuana 99
waimeae 49, 69
var. angustior 71
Tetrathylacium 366
macrophyllum 367
Tetrorchidium Molinae 348
Thenardia rosea 579
Tibouchina 579
aliena 580
aspera 580
belizensis 580
bipenicillata 580
Bourgaeana 580
longifolia 580
longisepala
var. longisepala 581
var. spathulata 581
paludicola 579
spathulata 581
Tigarea aspera 349
Tococa
grandifolia 575
parvifolia 576
platyphylla 575
Toona 295, 298, 299, 300
Topobea 581
calycularis 582
Durandiana 583
laevigata 582
Maurofernandeziana 583
rosea 585
Standleyi 583
watsonii 585
Tovomita 356
glauca 357
gracilis 357
nicaraguensis 356
Tovomitopsis
costaricana 356
glauca 357
guatemaltecana 356
nicaraguensis 356
psychotriaefolia 356
Trichileae 298
Trichilia 295
Trichopilia turialvae 347
Triolena 585
calciphila 585
hygrophylla 585
roseiflora 586
spicata 586
stenophylla 586
Triplasandra 53
kaalae 50, 94
Lydgatei 50, 86
meiandra 50, 103, 105, 107, 108, 111,
116
oahuensis 49, 90, 92, 93, 94
waimeae 103
Triplasandra micrantha 131
Trochilocactus Eichlamii 378
"Tucuso" 345
Turpinia heterophylla 547
Ugni 152, 173, 174, 395
Umbellatae 169
Unonopsis Storkii 546
Viola 358
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