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j^ m PROPERTY OF ^
Mdiigm
Jwaries^
» 8» 7
ARTES SCIENTIA VERITAS
THE AMERICAN SPORTSMAN'S LIBRARY
EDITED BY
CASPAR WHITNEY
THE TROTTING AND THE PACING
HORSE IN AMERICA
f
I
)
LOU DILLON
1.58H in 1903.
THE TROTTING AND THE
PACING HORSE IN
AMERICA
HAMILTON BUSBEY
Vttto Ifoilt
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
LONDON; MACMILLAN ft CO, Ltd.
1904
Aa riikli ratrvd
•w> -^
«
» - • »
Copyright, 1904,
By the macmillan company.
Set up and electrotTped. Publiihed July, 1904.
Norwood Preu
J. S. Ouhing ^ O. — Berw'tk Gf Smitb Co.
Norwood^ Mau,^ U,S,A,
PREFACE
For thirty-eight consecutive years I was a
visitor at breeding farms and a close observer
of horses at speed on the trotting tracks of the
country, and in this way I gained knowledge of
the subject discussed in this volume. I was an
unwavering advocate of movements which estab-
lished system where chaos had reigned, and it
would be mock modesty for me to pretend that
my acquaintance with facts is distant The evo-
lution of the trotter took place during the active
period of my life. The fortunate owner of a
good library on the horse counts his books by
the hundred. Whole volumes have been sur-
rendered to one family or tribe. It was no easy
task to condense, from thousands of letters and
printed pages, the facts which I present I have
tried to give a bird's-eye view of the situation,
and have not spun yams. in which a pound of
fancy paralyzes one little grain of truth. It has
been my aim to give a compact history of
development.
vi Preface
Some who idly turn these pages may think
that, if I have erred, it is in conciseness of state-
ment; but people of inquiring minds who refer
to the book for information, having faith that
fiction has been subordinated to fact, will thank
me for an error of this kind.
HAMILTON BUSBEV.
New York,
June. Z9G4.
CONTENTS
I. The Introduction of the Horse and the Gradual
Increase of Speed i
II. From 2.10 to Two Minutes and Better. Tracks,
Vehicles, and Wind-shields . . . .11
III. The Two-minute Horses of 1903 .... 25
IV. Primordial Streams of Speed .... 36
V. The Lady Suffolk Era 40
VI. Flora Temple, 2.19}, and Dexter, 2.17} • .46
VII. Goldsmith Maid and Smuggler . . . -Si
VIII. From the 2. 13 J of Rams to the 2.03} of The Abbot 65
IX. Cresceus: Reduction of Stallion Record and Double
Harness Rivalry 78
X. The Foundation Horses, Imported Messenger and
Justin Morgan 86
XI. Three Eneigetic Sons of Justin Morgan, Bulrush,
Woodbury, and Sherman Morgan ... 96
XII. The Morrill Tribe and Other Descendants of Justin
Moigan 105
XIII. Mambrino Chief and his Descendants • . • 113
XIV. The PUot FamUy 129
XV. Messenger and the Tribe of Hambletonian . -135
XVI. Prepotent Sons of Hambletonian, including George
Wilkes 152
XVII. The Family of Electioneer 173
▼ti
Vlll
Contents
CHAPTSR PACK
XVIII. VoluDteer, Aberdeen, Happy Medium, Dictator,
Harold, and Strathmore 184
XIX. Cuyler, Egbert, Jay Gould, Edward Everett, and
Other Members of the Hambletonian Tribe 199
XX. The Star Family 210
XXI. The Qay Family 216
XXII. The Blue Bull, Royal George, and Other Subsidiary
Families 225
XXIII. Great Producing Mares: Green Mountain Maid,
Miss Russell, and Beautiful Bells . . 233
XXIV. Other Great Producing Mares, including Clara,
Alma Mater, and Dame Winnie . . 249
XXV. The Era of High Prices 270
XXVI. The Dawn of Systematic Breeding: Track Gov-
ernment 275
XXVII. The Growth of Discipline : Horse Shows . . 285
XXVIII. Road-riding Movements 296
XXIX. Amateur Driving Clubs 301
XXX. The Pacing Horse 303
XXXI. The Multiplication of the Pacer . . .316
XXXII. Breeding and Breeding Establishments . 324
IlTOEX 335
ILLUSTRATIONS
Lou Dillon Frontispiece
FACING PACE
£. £. Smathers, driving Major Delmar 14
C. K. G. Billings, driving the Champion Trotter, Lou Dillon . 14
Pace-maker with Wind-shield 24
Wind-shield and Dirt-shield 24
Major Delmar 30
Dan Patch 34
Prince Alert 35
£. T. Bedford, driving York Boy and Bemay • • • . 35
Flora Temple 46
Beautiful Bells 46
Dexter 48
Goldsmith Maid 50
Nancy Hanks 50
Mauds 68
Sunol 72
AJix 76
The Abbot 76
Cresceus 78
Kremlin 78
Palo Alto 124
Directum 124
Rysdyk^s Hambletonian 144
Mambrino Chief 144
ix
X Illustrations
Geoige Wilkes 156
Electioneer 156
Miss Russell 232
Green Mountain Maid *. . . 232
Axtell 270
Arion 270
P. P. Johnston 286
William Russell AUen 2S6
W. P. Ijams 286
J. Malcolm Forbes 290
John £. Thayer 290
Lawrence Kip 290
Robert Bonner 296
WUliam H. Vanderbilt 296
Mambrino Patchen 306
Baron Wilkes 306
Star Pointer 312
John R. Gentry 312
Joe Patchen 320
Brown Hal 320
Charles Backman 324
Benjamin F. Tracy 324
William C. Whitney 324
C. J. Hamlin 326
Leland Stanford 326
THE TROTTING AND THE PACING
HORSE IN AMERICA
THE TROTTING AND THE PACING
HORSE IN AMERICA
CHAPTER I
THE INTRODUCTION OF THE HORSE AND THE
GRADUAL INCREASE OF SPEED
According to Nesbit, horse-races were made a
feature of public festivities as early as the Patri-
archs* time. The fever spread from Eastern coun-
tries to other countries. Horses first drew burdens,
but after the invention of saddles carried them
on their backs. In the days of Augustus sport-
loving Romans rode in different colors, usually
green, red, white, and sea-color. In the reign of
Henry II of England races took place at Epsom,
and the breeding of horses was encouraged by
Henry VIII.
The horse, as shown by fossil remains, existed
in America prior to its discovery by Columbus,
but the first importation across the Atlantic
was made in 1493. These horses were taken to
B 1
2 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
the West India Islands by Columbus, and from
there the stock spread to Florida in 1 5 2 7. De Soto
was attended by cavalry in the expedition in which
he discovered the Mississippi River. In 1604
horses were taken from France to Nova Scotia,
and in 1608 the French introduced horses into
Canada. In 1609 English ships landed horses at
Jamestown, and Bancroft informs us that in 1656
the horse had niultiplied in Virginia and through
favorable legislation had improved. Speed was
especially valued. Horses were landed in Massa-
chusetts in 1629, and in the same year were im-
ported into New York from Holland. In Virginia
and the Carolinas particular attention was paid to
the breeding of horses for the running track, while
in Pennsylvania, New York, and the New England
States the horse of general utility was cultivated.
The easy motion of the Narragansett pacer made
him desirable for the saddle when road-building
was in its primitive stage, and the first speed com-
petitions between horses were on level stretches
of the country. These saddle contests were far
from orderly, but were keenly relished by the little
communities weighed down by monotony and
craving excitement. All kinds of sharp practices
were resorted to for the purpose of beating a rival.
Introduction of the Horse 3
and there is more fable than actual truth in some
of the reports handed down to us from those
days. Time could not be accurately taken on these
straight stretches of road, and this afforded boast-
ers plenty of latitude for exaggeration. The time
reported for flights of speed in straightaway ice
races and speedway exhibitions is alyrays open
to question, and is not officially recognized. It
belongs to the realm of irresponsible talk.
The early tracks were poorly constructed, and
seconds slower than those of to-day. The trainer
had to ride as well as drive in contests, a large per
cent of the recorded races being open to horses
under saddle. The observation stands were
roughly constructed, and the entire surroundings
were crude. On a half-mile track at Harlem, New
York, in June, 1806, a horse called Yankee is re-
puted to have trotted a mile in 2.59. The per-
formance of Boston Blue, at Jamaica, New York,
in 18 18, a mile in three minutes, is authentic. In
1827 Rattler trotted two miles under saddle in
5.24; in 1828 Screwdriver trotted three miles
under saddle in 8.02; and in 1829 Topgallant
trotted three miles in harness in 8.1 1. The dif-
ference between saddle and harness for three
miles is nine seconds, but the difference in the
4 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
capacity of the two horses is not accurately known.
In 1834 Edwin Forrest, a black gelding, trotted a
mile under saddle in 2.31^, and in the same year
a bay mare called Sally Miller trotted a mile in
harness in 2.37. The Lady Suffolk era began in
1845, when she trotted in harness in 2.29^. The
same year Moscow, a bay gelding of unknown
blood, trotted in 2.3a In 1849 Lady Sutton, by
Morgan Eagle, trotted in 2.30, and Pelham, a
bay gelding of untraced breeding, trotted in 2.28.
In the appended table I give championship
records, designating those made with wind or dirt
shield with the letter s, and those made on kite
tracks with the letter k : —
One mile, Lou Dillon, chestnut mare, 1903 . • <*SH '
Two miles, Robert McGregor, chestnut horse, 190a 4.17
Three miles, Nightingale, chestnut mare, 1893 • 6.55^
Four miles. Senator L., chestnut horse, 1893 . . xo.ia
Five miles, Zambra, brown gelding, 1902 • . 12.24
Ten miles, John Stewart, bay gelding, 1867 . 28.02^
Thirty miles, General Taylor, gray horse, 1857 • x*47*59
One hundred miles, Conqueror, bay gelding, 1853 . 8.55.05
Twenty, fifty, and one hundred mile perform-
ances are no longer in vogue. They served no
good purpose, and the Society for the Prevention
of Cruelty to Animals interfered.
Introduction of ibe Horse 5
The best high- wheel records at one mile
are: —
•
Maud S.» chestnut mare, 1885 • . . . 2.o8f
Sunoly bay mare, 1891 3.08^ i&
Palo Alto, bay horse, 1891 2.08 J >&
Jay-eye-see, black gelding, 1884 .... 3.10
Mr. Bonner, who owned both Maud S. and
Sunol, estimated that the high- wheel record of
Maud S. on the oval track at Cleveland was a
second better than that of Sunol on the kite
track at Stockton. The kite was but a passing
fancy and is no longer in use. The first one
was built at Independence, Iowa, in 1890, and
the one long turn gave it an advantage in point
of speed over the regulation track with its two
turns, especially when high wheels were in gen-
eral use. After the introduction of the bicycle
sulky in 1892, this advantage was not so appar-
ent; and as the public objected to kite races on
account of the horses going so far from the
grand stand, the tracks of this design ceased to
exist.
The important question is how much Lou
Dillon was assisted by the horse immediately in
front of her with a dirt-shield. Maud S. trotted
without artificial aids. Mr. J. Malcolm Forbes
6 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
estimated the difference between the high-wheel
record and the bicycle sulky at five seconds.
Only through careful experiment can we deter-
mine the difference between shield records and
other records.
The best records made under saddle are : —
One mile, Great Eastern, bay gelding, 1877 . . 3.15
Two miles, George M. Patchen, bay horse, 1863 . 4.56
Three miles, Dutchman, bay gelding, 1839 . . 7-32^
Four miles, Dutchman, bay gelding, 1836 . . .10.51
The harness record of Great Eastern is 2.18,
and, taking his two performances as a guide, we
fix the saddle as 3 seconds faster than the sulky.
Horses are not alike, and some will show a
greater difference than this between saddle and
harness.
Trotting with running mate has also gone out
of fashion. It was no proof of merit, because
the runner not only relieved the trotter of weight
but pulled him forward. The records are : —
One mile (against time), Ayres P., chestnut gelding, 1893, 2.03^
One mile (in a race), Frank, bay gelding, 1883 . . 2.08^
The team records for one mile are : —
The Monk, brown gelding, by Chimes, and Equity,
black gelding, by Heir at Law, 1903 . . . 2.08
Introduction of the Horse 7
Rose Leaf, black mare, by Gold Leaf, and Sally Simmons,
bay mare, by Simmons (in a race), 1894 . . 2.15^
The three-abreast record of one mile was made in 1891
by Belle Hamlin, Globe, and Justina, all by Hamlin's
Almont Jr., and it is 2.14
The four-in-hand record, one mile, was made in 1896 by
Damania, Bellnut, Maud V., and Nutspra, all by
Nutwood, and it is 2.30
The £Eistest record at one mile over a half-mile track is
that of Cresceus, in 1903 ..... 2.08
The best undisputed record of Cresceus on a
mile track is 2.02^, which would fix the difference
between the two tracks at sf seconds.
The fastest half-mile record on a mile track is that of
The records to wagon are : —
A»VAf
One mile, Lou Dillon, 1903
2,00 S
One mile, Major Delmar, 1903 . . • .
2. 03 J S
Two miles. Dexter, 1865 . . . . .
. 4.56i
Three miles. Prince, 1857
• 7.S3J
Five miles, Fillmore, 1863 . . . . ,
. I3«i6
Ten miles, Julia Aldrich, 1858
. 29.04J
Twenty miles. Controller, 1878 . • . .
. 5857
The wagons of to-day are but mere feathers as
compared to those of 1865, and this fact should
be taken into consideration in estimating the
difference between performances.
8 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
The best trot of a pair to wagon on a half-mile track was
that of York Boy and Bemay at Parkway, in
in 1902 2.12^
The best trot in single harness to wagon on a half-mile
track was that of Cresceus, in 1901 . . . 2.12
It is not possible in the space to which I am
limited to give all meritorious performances, but
the reader will gain a clear idea of progression
in breeding and development from the chapters
which treat of epoch-making horses.
Nevertheless, at the risk of being charged with
repetition, I introduce a compilation which will
enable the reader to see at a glance the progress
of development. It took years to increase har-
ness speed from three minutes to two minutes.
Boston Blue, black gelding
Bull Calf, bay gelding
Edwin Forrest, black gelding
Dutchman, bay gelding
Lady Suffolk, gray mare
Pelham (converted pacer), bay gelding
Highland Maid (converted pacer), bay mare
Flora Temple, bay mare .
Flora Temple, bay mare .
Dexter, brown gelding ^
Goldsmith Maid, bay mare
Goldsmith Maid, bay mare .
Rams, bay gelding •
St Julien, bay gelding
. I8I8
3.00
. 1830
«-47f
. 1838
2.36i
. 1839
2.32
. 1845
2.29i
. 1849
2.28
■e 1853
2.27
• 1856
2.24J
. 1859
2.19f
. 1867
2.1 7i
. 1871
2.17
. 1874
2.14
. 1878
2.i3i
• X879
2.X2f
Introduction of the Horse
1880
2.10f
1881
2.10^
1884
2.10
1884
2.09i
1885
2.o8f
1 891
2.08^
1892
2.04
1894
2.03I
1900
2.0S\
1 901
2.02^
1903
1.58!^
Maud S., chestnut mare
Maud S., chestnut mare
Jay-eye-see, black gelding
Maud S., chestnut mare
Maud S., chestnut mare
Sunoly bay mare
Nancy Hanks, brown mare
Alix, bay mare .
The Abbot, bay gelding
Cresceus, chestnut horse
Lou Dillon, chestnut mare
The bicycle sulky came into use in 1892, and
Nancy Hanks and all subsequent record-breakers
had the advantage of it. The 1.58^ of Lou
Dillon was made with a pace-maker and dirt-
shield in front of her.
The first record up to the present standard was
made in 1845 by Lady Suffolk. Now there are
over thirty thousand trotters and pacers of stand-
ard speed rank. The steady advancement of
the light-harness horse was not due to chance.
It was the result of earnest thought and per-
sistent effort. The man who was able to show
a higher rate of speed than his neighbor in a
brush on a country road felt a thrill of elation,
and the desire grew in him to breed a still faster
animal. His neighbor was ambitious to excel,
to lead instead of follow, and he also turned his
lo Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
thoughts to breeding and development Year
after year a greater number of mares were bred,
and who can tell of the anxious days of anticipa-
tion? After the safe delivery of the colt hope
began to expand, and every change of form from
babyhood to maturity was followed with deepest
interest. The disappointments outnumbered the
successes, but they stimulated the breeder to
try again. He was determined to rise above
failure. If he sold a promising young horse, he
did not lose interest in it He kept in touch
with it through reports in journals which chroni-
cled events of the track, and each victory brought
a glow of pleasure to his face. Thousands of
foals pressed with tiny hoofs the clover blossoms
of spring and summer, which never trotted or
paced a mile in 2.30, but the motto was to per-
severe, and the dream was nursed of finally
producing championship form. The long road
from three minutes to two minutes ran through
shadow as well as sunshine, but the accomplish-
ment was worth millions of heart-beats, because
the light-harness horse is recognized the world
over as one of the greatest triumphs of the
industrial life of America.
CHAPTER II
FROM 2.IO TO TWO MINUTES AND BETTER. TRACKS,
VEHICLES, AND WIND-SHIELDS
For years after the trotting record had been
carried down to 2.10 by Jay-eye-see, August i,
1884, there were discussions as to the ultimate
speed of the trotter. Pages were written to
prove that the two-minute horse was an impossi-
bility. The early arguments were based upon
the assumption that there would be no improve-
ment in tracks and vehicles. Five years after
Maud S. had trotted to a record of 2.o8f at
Cleveland the kite track came into use, and
on it Sunol beat the record by half a second.
It was September 28, 1891, that Sunol trotted
to a record of 2.08J. Seven years after the
2.o8f of* Maud S. at Cleveland the ball-bearing
bicycle sulky was introduced, and it enabled
Nancy Hanks in September of that year to
trot to a record of 2.04. Nancy Hanks tried
to equal 2.0&J to high-wheel sulky and failed,
II
1 2 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
as did Alix, who in 1894 trotted to a record
of 2.03I. These are impressive facts to every
thoughtful man of experience. The advantage
of the 28-inch wheel with pneumatic tire is that it
reduces friction, especially around the turns, and
enables the horse not only more fully to extend
himself, but to carry the speed over a longer dis-
tance. Year after year the regulation track has
improved, particular attention being given to
angles, grades, and elasticity of road-bed ; and the
sulky and wagon builder has turned out vehicles
of lighter and better design. A special aim has
been to overcome as far as possible atmospheric
resistance. In 1900 The Abbot reduced the
world's record to 2.03 J, and in 1901 Cresceus car-
ried it down to 2.02 J^. Here it stood until 1903,
when another striking innovation was introduced.
Vehicles and tracks had continued to improve,
and a shield was brought into use.
After Lou Dillon had trotted at Readville,
Massachusetts, in two minutes, Mr. Albert C.
Hall addressed a letter to me at Colorado
:!5prings, where I was engaged upon this work,
in which he said: —
" I was pleased to hear from the lips of
Mr. Billings how well the mare finished the
From 2.10 to Two Minutes and Better 13
mile, going the last quarter in 29 seconds, and
the last eighth in 14 seconds. He told me
that she went without check, with 4^-ounce
shoes forward and 2f-ounce shoes behind, and
with very few boots. Now that the trotting
horse has reached the two-minute mark and
within one second of the pacing record, what
does Mr. Busbey think will be the limit of speed
for a mile ? "
The shield innovation looked so dangerous
to me that under date of September 22, 1903,
I addressed a formal letter to William Russell
Allen, President of the American Trotting
Register Association: —
" Previous to the conference between the
National Trotting Association, the American
Trotting Association, and the American Trot-
ting Register Association, which led to the pres-
ent rules governing performance against time,
the validity of many so-called time records was
questioned. There were heated controversies
in the public prints over trials against the watch,
and but little faith was reposed in some of the
stated eflForts. As the official head of the Ameri-
can Trotting Register Association, and as a
member of the Board of Appeals of the National
14 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Trotting Association, you were in a position to
bring about a much-needed change; but if my
recollection is good, no suggestion was made
by you that a horse in going against the watch
should be more favored than a horse competing
against a hostile field. The desire was to
remove a prejudice against time records, and
to place them on an absolute equality with race
records. In actual races no artificial aids are
allowed, and the logical presumption is that this
is true of performances against time. In a race
where every heat must be contested by every
horse in the race, and every horse must be driven
to the finish, there is no room for a foreign factor
like an automobile or a wind-breaking runner,
and I should like to be informed what position
the Register Association is likely to take on this
question. Each year your Association rejects
records for one cause or another, and if you
could favor me with your views on the reported
wind-shield time performances of Dan Patch,
Prince Alert, Cresceus, Major Delmar, and Lou
Dillon, I would esteem it a favor. It was by
slow stages that sneering allusions to * tin-cup
records' were silenced, and I take it that it is
not conducive to the best interests of breeding
E. E. SMATHERS, DRIVING MAJOR DELMAR, 1.59^
C K. C. BILLINGS. DRIVING THE CHAMPION TROTTER.
LOU DILLON, 1.58% /
From 2.10 to Two Minutes and Better 15
and the Register Association to encourage de-
parture from the rigid rules which have placed
all records on a footing of equality."
September 27 President Allen wrote in reply: —
" There is no rule against using a pace-maker
in trials against time. Rule 58, Section i, allows
any other horse to 'accompany' the performer.
You will note the rule says may 'accompany.'
As the rule allows a horse, it is presumable that
it was not intended to allow an automobile to
•accompany/ or it would have been so worded.
Does the word 'accompany' mean that the
any other horse may precede the performer?
A horse alone, immediately preceding a per-
former, would act as a wind-shield to a certain
degree. A horse with a man in a cart would act
in the same way in a greater degree. No horse
not actually a participant in a race is allowed to
precede any horse in a race, but a participant in
a race may precede other horses, and other horses
may use him as a shield or wind-break at pleas-
ure. So that we have or can have in races,
pace-makers and wind breaks or shields. I can-
not tell you in answer to your question what
position the Register Association is likely to
take. It is a matter for careful consideration,
1 6 The Trolling and Ibe Pacing Horse
and I have no doubt it will come before the Asso-
ciation for determination before the next Year
Book is published."
October i, 1903, 1 replied to President Allen : —
" It is true that Rule 58 makes it proper for a
horse to accompany a contestant against time,
but when it declares that this horse shall not in
any way be attached to said contestant, the im-
plied understanding is that no agent shall be
used to overcome natural elements. Atmos-
pheric pressure is one of these elements, and the
idea of sending a wind-breaker in advance of a
competitor was never contemplated by the
rule-makers.
"In some parts of a race a horse may trail
another, and thus be materially aided by the
shield; but should his driver persist in these
tactics from start to the head of the home-stretch,
the judges would fail in the performance of their
duty if they did not admonish him. If one horse
is permitted to trail, why not another, until we
have an absurdly long line of trailers? At the
head of the home-stretch each horse shall select
his position and swerve neither to the right nor
the left. Here, at least, there is no place for a
wind-breaker. What is called * helping' is strictly
From 2.10 to Two Minutes and Better 17
forbidden in a race. Unless every heat is con-
tested by every horse in the race and every horse
is driven to a finish, the race degenerates into a
farce. The chronic trailer, according to my way
of thinking, invites suspension or expulsion. I
regard it a mistake to make time records easier
of accomplishment than race records. Time is
the basis of the standard, and care should be
taken not to revive the old prejudice against
horses that obtain records in competition against
the watch. If the two-minute horse is allowed
favors in a contest against time, why not the 2.31
or 2.32 horse? And then we may look for shoals
of the newcomers, until the speed standard is
debased. I am not opposed to progress ; I have
never proclaimed the impossibility of the two-
minute horse ; I should rejoice to see the trotter
equal the runner, — but we cannot make rules
for one performer which do not apply to all
performers at the same gait. This fact must be
clear to every intelligent mind, and I have asked
a few questions of you because you occupy official
position and have established a reputation for
clearness of thought and terseness of statement."
I received an invitation by telegraph to come
to the October meeting at Lexington and discuss
1 8 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
the question with official heads of governing asso-
ciations, and took the train from Colorado for
Kentucky. At Lexington I met President John-
ston of the National Trotting Association, Presi-
dent Allen of the American Trotting Register
Association, and Secretary W. H. Knight of the
American Trotting Association, and views were
exchanged. I was in the judges' stand with Presi-
dents Johnston and Allen, when it was directed
that all trials with shields should be so entered
in the official record book of the meeting. The
object of this was to bring the question squarely
before the governing associations. The letter
which the late J. Malcolm Forbes wrote me
on the shield question is given elsewhere. I
agree with him that a distinction should be made
between wind-shields and dirt-shields.
Under date of December ii, 1903, the sons of
Robert Bonner addressed a letter to William H.
Knight, Secretary of the American Trotting Reg-
ister Association, protesting against the accept-
ance of the 2.05 of Lou Dillon at Cleveland,
September 12, 1903. The reasons given were
that the announcement was made that Lou Dillon
would trot to high-wheel sulky to beat the 2.c>8f
of Maud S. ; that the performance was invalidated
From 2.10 to Two Minutes and Better 19
by the use of a wind-shield, and by resort to ball-
bearing axles.
When Mr. R. E. Bonner sent the protest to me
for an opinion, I, in substance, replied that I did
not believe that Mr. Billings was a party to the
concealing of the use of ball-bearing axles on the
sulky of Lou Dillon ; that unreflecting employees
of that gentleman should be held responsible for
this action ; that the major point at issue was not
ball-bearing axles, but the use of a dirt-shield and
a pace-maker in front. The judges of racing can-
not discriminate between high-wheel and low-
wheel sulkies. Each manufacturer has his own
ideas, and competition is open to all builders. If
one high wheel is lighter and less friction-produc-
ing than another, you cannot impose a handicap
on the man who is shrewd enough to take advan-
tage of it. There is a marked difference between
the speed-contributing power of an old-fashioned
high-wheel sulky and the up-to-date bicycle sulky ;
but if a man has a horse properly entered in a
race and is not so fortunate as to own a ball-
bearing bicycle, you cannot refuse him the privi-
lege of starting to high wheel, unless you take the
ground that the handicap is self-imposed for a
fraudulent purpose. Under registration rules
20 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
high-wheel and low-wheel records are treated
alike.
January 5, 1904, a joint committee, composed
of three representatives each from the National
Trotting Association, the American Trotting
Association, and the American Trotting Register
Association, met in New York and one of the
things discussed was shield performances. The
validity of irregular performances against the
watch was formally disputed by the American
Trotting Association, and this brought the ques-
tion before the official board, the three presidents
of the governing associations. On January 7
there was a public hearing before the board, com-
posed of Presidents P. P. Johnston, W. P. Ijams,
and William Russell Allen, and the fact was
established that the official announcement at
Cleveland was that Lou Dillon would start to
beat 2.o8f to high-wheel sulky. The report
telegraphed over the country that the mare started
under the precise conditions that governed the
record-breaking performance of Maud S. lacked
the important element of truth. The fact was
also established through the testimony of Charles
Tanner, an employee of Mr. Billings, that the
sulky drawn by Lou Dillon was fitted with ball-
From 2.10 to Two Minutes and Better 21
bearing hubs. After a patient hearing the board
handed down this decision : —
" We find that the performance of Lou Dillon
at Cleveland on September 12, 1903, to high-
wheel, ball-bearing sulky, with a pace-maker with
dirt-shield in front, was not a record, because the
mare had previously performed in faster time,
which performance was her record and precluded
a slower performance being a record.
" We also find the performance of Maud S. at
Cleveland in 1885 was to high-wheel, plain-axle
sulky, according to rule ; that the time, 2.o8f , was
not only her best time, but the best time ever
made up to that date, and was a record.
"No record can be made with a wind-shield
other than an ordinary dirt-shield and pace-maker
in front. A performance with pace-maker in
front with dirt-shield shall be recorded with a
distinguishing mark referring to a note stating
the fact."
This decision gives Maud S. the place of honor
during the period that the high-wheel sulky was
in general use ; her 2.o8f is the best high-wheel
record over regulation track; but no sharp line
of distinction, for handicap and registration pur-
poses, is drawn between sulkies.
22 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Seven days after the decision Mr. W. R. Allen,
President of the American Trotting Register
Association, favored me with his views : " There
is no such classification in the Year Book as
record to high wheels. No horse holds such
an official record. No distinction was made
when the bike wheels came in, in 1892, and there
is no reason why there should be now. A horse
having a record of 2.02 J to harness cannot get
a record of 2.05 to harness. Maud S. has no
official record to high wheel. No horse has.
But Maud S. held the record to harness for a long
time, and it is well known that the performance
was to high wheels. Palo Alto also performed
to high wheels equally as fast. Sunol performed
to high wheels faster. That Lou Dillon can
pull the same sulky that Maud S. did in better
than 2.o8|^ on the Cleveland track, no one doubts.
Maud S.'s performance was a great one and was
conceded to be the best for the period, but many
horses have since performed greater feats than
she did at the trotting gait."
In a letter to me concerning the same matter
Mr. R. E. Bonner says: "The decision, when
I consider the limited position in which the com-
mittee were placed, because they felt that the
From 2.10 to Two Minutes and Better 23
custom, rule, or precedent that a horse having a
^ter record could not start to obtain a lower
record, is satisfactory to me. The inference,
however, that in the future no horse having a
faster record than 2.o8f could start against Maud
S.'s performance and obtain a record is not pleas-
ing or satisfactory. K the owner of any horse
should wish to make a thoroughly honorable and
upright comparative test and succeed, both my
brother Frederic and myself would gladly ac-
knowledge Maud S.'s performance surpassed with-
out regard to the fact as to whether or no such
a performance was a technical record."
From a letter written to the New York Sun,
by Hugh E. McLaughlin, giving the mathe-
matical side of the question, I take the follow-
ing: "The two-minute horse on a dead calm
day, facing a thirty-mile wind created by himself,
meets an opposing force of ^ of 5 pounds per
square foot, or 2^ pounds ; and the section of the
cylindrical surfaces in this case being 12 square
feet we find by multiplying 12 by 2^ a pressure
of 30 pounds against the unshielded trotter.
" Behind the shield the horse benefits most
when close up, but benefits some if within any
reasonable distance. The partial vacuum and
24 Tbe Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
suction, so called, behind the pace-maker cer-
tainly withdraw a large part of the 30 pounds'
pressure that would otherwise oppose the horse.
The dirt-shield pace-maker shields the horse
behind in the same way that the Reliance in
the windward position effectually blanketed the
Shamrock^ though the two were more than
20 lengths apart ; and yet some horsemen claim
that only when the pace-follower is less than one
length behind is he assisted to any extent."
The truth or falsity of these conclusions can
easily be demonstrated in 1904 by Lou Dillon,
Major Delmar, Dan Patch, and other horses who
performed with shields in 1903.
PACE-MAKER WITH WEND-SHIELD
WIND-SHIELD AND DIRT-SHIELD
CHAPTER III
THE TWO-MINUTE HORSES OF I903
Sensational performances were numerous dur-
ing the summer of 1903. The trotter crossed the
two-minute line, but in a way not commended by
thousands of thoughtful observers.
In 1 88 1 the bay mare Sweetness, record 2.21 J,
by Volunteer by Hambletonian out of Lady Mer-
ritt by Edward Everett by Hambletonian, was
one of the five mares bred to Santa Claus, son of
Strathmore by Hambletonian, and the outcome
was Sidney, who paced to a record of 2.i9f. Octo-
ber 29, 1889, I was at the Valensin Stock Farm,
Pleasanton, California, and from a note-book used
on that occasion I copy : —
"Sidney, bay horse, eight years old; straight
hip ; plenty of substance and length. Left fore-
leg was hurt when he was a colt. Trotted a
quarter as a yearling in 37 seconds and then went
to pacing. Very quiet in disposition. Good head
and neck. Stands 15.2^; breeds large and is a
good feeder "
as
26 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
I also saw the same day a mare whose descrip-
tion was hastily jotted down: "Venus, chestnut
mare, bloodlike head and neck ; in foal by Sidney ;
hurt in race and left fore leg club-footed; has
length and stands 15 hands; got by Captain
Webster, son of Williamson's Belmont; dam by
Kentucky Hunter. Venus is the dam of Adonis.
One of her foals, called John Goldsmith, is in the
Sandwich Islands and has trotted in the thirties."
The Kentucky Hunter cross is conjectural.
Adonis paced to a three-year-old record of 2. 14 J,
and as a five-year-old took a record of 2.1 ij^.
The trotters out of Venus are Cupid, 2.18, and
Lea, 2. 1 8 J. Sidney Dillon, the son of Sidney
and Venus, was not well handled in the training
stable and failed to obtain a record, although he
was pure-gaited as a trotter. He was owned by
the Pierce Brothers of the Santa Rosa Farm,
California, and one of the results of his first
modest season in the stud was Dolly Dillon, who
trotted to a record of 2.o*j\. The second season,
a mare called Lou Milton by Milton Medium,
son of Happy Medium, was bred to him, and the
fruit was a dark chestnut filly born in the spring
of 1898, who grew into a powerfully muscled
clean-cut mare of 15.1^ hands, and who won
The Two-minute Horses of i^j 27
renown in 1903 under the name of Lou Dillon.
Milton Medium trotted to a record of 2.25^, and
he carried through his sire and his dam a double
infusion of the blood of Rysdyk's Hambletonian,
In 1902 as a four-year-old Lou Dillon was taken
to Pleasanton, where, April 20, she trotted a
mile in 2.24. In the fore part of May she was
shipped to Cleveland, and July i her trainer,
Millard F. Sanders, drove her a mile in 2.12.
Her owner, Henry Pierce, gave instructions to
reserve her for the big events of 1903. Sanders
carried her through the circuit with the rest of
the horses and tried her on other tracks of the
country. At Baltimore she trotted a trial in
2.08J, and at Memphis she trotted a half-mile in
1. 01 J. During the winter Mr. Pierce died, and
she was sold at public auction at Cleveland in
May, 1903, to settle the estate. Mr. C. K. G. Bil-
lings, a gentleman who has constantly labored to
lift trotting into a pure atmosphere, paid $12,500
for her. Princess, the dam of Happy Medium,
was at one time owned by the father of Mr. Bil-
lings, and sentiment therefore had something to
do with the purchase. Although heavily entered
in stakes, Lou Dillon, who was without a record,
was withdrawn from these and was reserved for
28 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
struggles against the steady beat of the watch.
She was the star of 1903, trotting in 2.02^ at
Cleveland, July 1 1 ; in 2.00 at Readville, August
24; and in 1.58^ at Memphis, October 24. It
is a pity that the rules governing performances
against time were not more strictly observed,
for then a bitter controversy would have been
avoided, and the 1.58^ would not have been
entered in the Year Book with a note of ex-
planation. A pace-maker in front with a dirt-
shield is something not looked upon with favor
by those who make and execute the laws of
the trotting track. It was a mere coincidence
that Sidney and Venus, who were responsible for
Sidney Dillon, sire of Lou Dillon, were at one
time enrolled among cripples. The infirmities
were not so deeply seated as to be transmitted.
Fly, the dam of Lou Milton, the dam of Lou
Dillon, is down in the books as a mare of un-
traced blood. Her appearance, however, was
that of a thoroughbred, and it is stated that Lou
Milton was a fleet runner under the saddle. The
nervous disposition of Lou Dillon, coupled with
her astonishing bursts of speed, suggests a race-
horse strain. She trotted to high-wheel sulky
at Cleveland in 2.05, but the performance is not
The Two-minute Horses of 1^3 29
officially recognized. At Qeveland, September i,
she trotted to wagon in 2.04 J; and at Lexing-
ton, October 10, she reduced the wagon record
to 2.01 f.
Previous to her start that afternoon Mr. E. E.
Smathers drove his horse, Major Delmar, to a
record of 2.03^ ; and the friends of Mr. Billings
were apprehensive that he would fail to equal
this mark. There was suppressed excitement
when Mr. Billings took the word and was at the
quarter pole in 31 seconds, and the half-mile post
in i.oi. The question now was to sustain the
flight of speed. There were cheers from the
grand-stand when the watches split on the nose
of the chestnut mare at the three-quarter pole in
1.30I, because it pointed to triumph. Mr. Bil-
hngs held the great mare together down the
home-stretch, and when the official announcement
was made that the time of the mile was 2.0 if, the
driver and horse were the recipients of a great
ovation. I was sitting with the president of the
National Trotting Association and the president
of the American Trotting Register Association;
and when we three joined the throng around Mr.
Billings and offered our sincere congratulations,
there was a glow of pleasure on his face that told
30 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
of the inward joy of the moment Lou Dillon
went from Lexington to Memphis, where she
reduced the harness record, October 24, to 1.58^,
and the wagon record, October 28, to 2.00. She
is a phenomenal trotter, and her future cannot be
foretold. The unknown quantity in her comes
from the dam of Venus, dam of Sidney Dillon,
and Fly, dam of Lou Milton. It is fitting that
the champion trotter of the world should carry so
much of the blood of Hambletonian, the great
progenitor of trotters, who lived and died within
the shadow of Sugar Loaf Mountain.
Major Delmar
The second trotter to cross the two-minute line
in 1903 was Major Delmar, and his record of
1.59J is relegated by official decision to the
special class headed by Lou Dillon. His fastest
efforts are questioned because of the use of a
pace-maker in front with dirt-shield. Major
Delmar is a bay gelding, bred at Suburban Stock
Farm, Glens Falls, New York, by William E.
Spier; foaled in 1897, and as a three-year-old he
trotted to a record of 2.15. He was not raced as
a four-year-old, but having changed owners was
prominent as a five-year-old, trotting to a record
1 =
o s
M
I
G
The Two-minute Horses of /^^ 31
of 2.05^. In 1903, as a six-year-old, he was the
determined rival of Lou Dillon, especially after
Mr. E. E. Smathers had paid $40,000 for him.
The blood lines of Major Delmar are of approved
merit, and the critic who objects to missing links
in a pedigree has no fault to find with him. His
sire, Del Mar, trotted to a record of 2.i6|, and
was descended in the male line from Electioneer
and in the female line from t;he great producing
mare, Sontag Dixie by Toronto Sontag, son of To-
ronto Chief and Sontag, 2.31, by Harris's Hamble-
tonian. Expectation, the dam of Major Delmar,
was got by Autograph, 2.16^ (son of Alcan-
tara and Flaxy by Kentucky Clay), out of Miss
Copeland, who obtained a pacing record of 2.25^,
and who produced the celebrated trotter. Cope-
land, 2.09J. Miss Copeland was by Almont Star,
2.28f (son of Almont 33 and Blanch Star by
American Star 37), dam Copeland Maid by
Prophet Jr. by Prophet, a descendant of Justin
Morgan. Alcantara was the son of George
Wilkes and Alma Mater by Mambrino Patchen,
and Flaxy was out of Young Flaxy by Telegraph,
a descendant of Justin Morgan. Kentucky Clay,
sire of the dam of Autograph, was by Strader's
Cassius M. Clay Jr., out of the Rodes mare, dam
32 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
of Lady Thorn and Mambrino Patchen. Expec-
tation has no record, but as a three-year-old she
trotted a trial in 2.28. Major Delmar carries the
blood of the foundation families, Justin Morgan ;
Messenger, through Hambletonian and his two
great prepotent sons, Electioneer and George
Wilkes ; Clay, through its best source. Green
Mountain Maid ; Mambrino Chief through Mam-
brino Patchen and Almont ; and American Star:
and all who believe in close adherence to demon-
strated trotting lines in breeding point to his
achievements with satisfaction. It is to be re-
gretted that he was not given an opportunity
at Memphis, where he made his shield record
of i.59f, to see what he could do to establish a
record without the aid of a pace-maker in front.
I do not believe that he has reached the limit of
■
his speed.
Cresceus
The third trotter who was reported to have
crossed the two-minute line in 1903 is Cresceus,
a chestnut horse of powerful build, foaled in 1894
and sired by Robert McGregor, 2.17^, son of
Major Edsall, 2.29, by Alexander's Abdallah, the
prepotent son of Rysdyk's Hambletonian; dam
Mabel by Mambrino Howard by Mambrino
X
\
The Two-minute Horses of 190^ 33
Chief; second dam Contention by AlHe West,
2.25, by Aim on t, son of Alexander's Abdallah
and Sally Anderson by Mambrino Chief. Fanny,
dam of Allie West, was also by Mambrino Chief.
Nancy Whitman, dam of Robert McGregor, was
by Seely's American Star, and Mabel is the dam
of the famous campaign trotter. Nightingale, 2.10^.
Cresceus carries foundation blood, but not so
profusely as Major Delmar, and it was on Friday,
July 26, 1 90 1, at Cleveland, that he dethroned
The Abbot by trotting to a record of 2.02f . The
stallion was accompanied by a running horse
during the first half of his journey and by two
runners during the last half. There was no pace-
maker in front. At Columbus, August 2, 1901,
Cresceus reduced his record to 2.02J, and he
failed to beat this performance in 1902. Octo-
ber 19, 1903, the startling report was telegraphed
from Wichita, Kansas, that Cresceus had trotted
in i.59f. The accuracy of the timing was ques-
tioned, and under date of January 14, 1904, the
president of the American Trotting Register
Association wrote me: "The Cresceus perform-
ance at Wichita is held up in the court of the
American Trotting Association and will not be
decided until May next, consequently the record
48 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
passed from his control, and in 1864 was pur-
chased by Aristides Welch of Philadelphia, who
put her to breeding. She produced, in 1868, the
bay filly Kitty Temple by Rysdyk (son of
Rysdyk's Hambletonian and Lady Duke by
Lexington). The foal of 1869 was Prince Im-
perial, a bay colt, by William Welch, son of Rys-
dyk's Hambletonian and a daughter of imported
Trustee. He was sold to Robert Bonner, for
whom he trotted a mile in 2.2 3^, and he is a sire
of speed. The third, and last, foal of Flora Tem-
ple was a bay filly (1871), The Queen's Daughter,
by imported Leamington (son of Faugh-a-
Ballagh), tracing to the Waxy and Blacklock
strains, and the sire of such race-horses and sires
as Enquirer, Iroquois (the only American-bred
horse that ever won the English Derby) and
Longfellow, who was the sensational conqueror
of Harry Bassett. The Queen's Daughter is a
dam of speed. Flora Temple died December 21,
1877, without doing much to perpetuate her line.
The last time I was at Erdenheim, when the
place was owned by N. W. Kittson, I stood with
uncovered head by the stone slab which marks
her grave and that of Leamington.
if
fl
Fbra Temple and Dexter 49
Dexter y 2.1 7J
The record of Flora Temple stood for eight
years. May 4, 1864, Dexter, brown gelding,
foaled 1858, by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, dam
Clara by Seely's American Star, made his first
appearance in public, at Fashion Course, where he
beat Stonewall Jackson and two others, best time
2.33. He trotted a series of races in 1865 and
showed his heels to such horses as George Wilkes,
General Butler, and George M. Patchen Jr., and
in 1866 he was on a hippodroming tour with
George M. Patchen Jr. In 1867 he defeated
Goldsmith Maid, Lady Thorn, and others. At
Buffalo, August 14, he started to beat 2.19I, and
won in 2.17^. Budd Doble was the trainer and
driver of the paragon, and he has since said to
me that were the tracks and sulkies as good as
they are to-day. Dexter would not be far behind
championship honors. Immediately after the
record-breaking performance at Buffalo, Robert
Bonner entered the judges' stand and the an-
nouncement was made that he had purchased the
son of Hambletonian and Clara. After the pur-
chase Mr. Bonner telegraphed to a friend in New
York : " I saw Niagara Falls this morning for the
50 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
first time, and I came down here this afternoon
to see that other great wonder, Dexter, when he
trotted in the unprecedented time of 2. 17 J. You
know I like to own all the best things, and inas-
much as I could not buy the Falls, I thought I
would do the next best thing and buy Dexter.
He will go into my stable on the loth of next
month."
General U. S. Grant, prior to his inauguration
as President of the United States, rode out with
Mr. Bonner behind Dexter, and soon after this
the crayon by Ehninger, "Taking the Reins,"
attracted the attention of the nation. General
Grant expressed a desire during the ride to own
Dexter. Mr. Bonner favored me with a ride
behind the trotting king a few days after General
Grant had " taken the reins," and I was surprised
at his control over the high-spirited gelding.
Circumstances, with positive merit, made Dexter
one of the most famous horses that the world has
produced. His name was indeed a household
word. Dexter died April 2 1, 1888, at the age of 30.
GOLDSMITH MAID
NANCY HANKS
CHAPTER VII
GOLDSMITH MAID AND SMUGGLER
When Goldsmith Maid, driven by Budd Doble,
trotted at Milwaukee, September 6, 1871, to a
record of 2.17, there was quite a stir, and I had
the track measured by a competent civil engineer
before accepting the performance as authentic.
In 1872 she trotted in 2.i6f, and at Mystic Park,
Boston, September 2, 1874, she trotted to her best
record of 2.14. As she was born in May, 1857,
she was 17 years old at the time. She was a
mare of wiry frame and nothing was done with
her until she was eight years old. This is one
reason why she remained vigorous up to a point
where decay sets in with many other horses. She
travelled on the cars 130,000 miles during her
career, won $325,000, and died September 23,
1885, aged 28. The most exciting race in which
she was engaged was at Cleveland, July 27, 1876.
I was the guest of William Edwards, president of
the Cleveland Driving Park, and among his other
guests at the time were Charles W. Woolley,
5'
52 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
president of the National Trotting Association,
and Colonel H. S. Russell, of Boston, the owner
of Smuggler. The night before the free-for-all
trot, Colonel Russell was nervous and we chaffed
him good-naturedly. There was another nervous
gentleman in the land, judging from the telegrams
to President Edwards, and that was Henry N.
Smith in his Wall Street office, who wanted to be
assured that Goldsmith Maid would be given a
clear field. I wrote an account of the race imme-
diately after the decision had been rendered, and
as the story has been republished in newspapers,
magazines, and books, it is probably worthy of
a place in this volume.
" When the bell rang for the open-to-all horses
to appear, a buzz of expectation was heard on all
sides. It was known that Lula would not re-
spond to the call, she having made an exhibition
the previous day, and besides she was not in the
bloom of condition; but Lucille Golddust was
there to battle for the Babylon stable, and she
was a mare of tried speed and bottom. The
knowledge that Lula would not start steadied the
quaking nerves of Doble, and he ceased to plead
for a special purse and permission to withdraw.
He thought that Goldsmith Maid would have a
Goldsmith Maid and Smuggler 53
comparatively easy time in capturing first money,
and his confidence made the old mare the
favorite over the field. Smuggler was deemed
an uncertain horse, and there was no eagerness to
invest in pools on him. But the stallion was
cheered almost as warmly as the Maid, when he
m
jogged slowly past the stand. Lucille Golddust,
Judge FuUerton, and Bodine were also received
with applause. The great drivers of the country
were behind the great horses of the country.
Budd Doble pulled the lines over Goldsmith
Maid ; Charley Green steadied Lucille Golddust ;
Peter Johnson controlled Bodine; Charley
Marvin watched over the fortunes of Smuggler;
and Dan Mace was up behind Judge Fullerton,
having come from New York for the express
purpose of driving him in the race. Twice the
horses came for the word, and twice they failed
to get it. They were then ordered to score with
Lucille Golddust, and succeeded in getting off.
The Maid had the best of the start, and, quickly
taking the pole from Judge Fullerton, gayly carried
herself in the lead. It was where she was accus-
tomed to be, and so she trotted in the best of spirits.
Fullerton did not act well, and he brought up
the rear rank the entire length of the course.
54 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Along the back-stretch, Smuggler began to close
a gap, terrific as the pace was. After passing
the half-mile he drew dangerously near the Maid,
but it was noticed that he faltered a little. The
cause was not then understood, but it was made
plain when the patrol judge galloped up to the
stand with a shoe in his hand which had been
cast from the near fore foot. Around the turn
the stallion pressed after the mare, and down the
stretch he drove her at the top of her speed,
the thousands giving vent to their enthusiasm
by cheering and clapping hands. Smuggler
had his nose at the Maid's tail when she went
under the wire in 2.15^. Bodine was a good
third, his time being about 2.17, and Lucille
Golddust was fourth, FuUerton just inside the
flag. Smuggler's performance was an extraor-
dinary one. He trotted for something like three-
eighths of a mile with his equilibrium destroyed
by the sudden withdrawal from an extreme lever
point of a shoe weighing 25 ounces. Only once
before had he cast a shoe in rapid work without
breaking, and that was in his exercise at Belmont
Park. Keen judges are forced to admit that the
stallion would have won the first heat in 2.15
had no accident befallen him. Prior to this
Goldsmith Maid and Smuggler 55
season, Smuggler carried a 32-ounce shoe on
each of his fore feet, but now he seems to be
steady under the reduced weight The scoring
in the second heat was a little more troublesome
than that in the first heat Smuggler left his
feet several times, and it looked as if he was
going to disappoint his owner and trainer. On
the fourth attempt the horses got away, the Maid
in the lead. The stallion made one of his char-
acteristic bad breaks around the turn, and all
hope of his winning the heat was lost. Bodine
and FuUerton also were unsteady. Lucille Gold-
dust did good work, and she was second to the
Maid when the latter went over the score in
2. 1 7 J. Smuggler finished fifth, Marvin only
trying to save his distance. Goldsmith Maid
was distressed, but her friends were confident
that her speed and steadiness would carry her
safely through. It was almost dollars to cents
that she would win. The word was given to
a good send-ofif in the third heat The Maid
had the pole, which advantage she did not sur-
render, although she went into the air around
the turn. She was quickly caught, and Doble
drove her carefully along the back-stretch, fol-
lowed by FuUerton, who seemed to be content
56 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
with the position of body-guard to her queen-
ship. After passing the half-mile, Marvin urged
Smuggler into a quicker pace, and the stallion
was observed to pass Lucille Golddust, then
FuUerton, and to swing into the home-stretch
hard on the Maid's wheel. Doble used all his
art to keep his mare going, but Marvin sat
behind a locomotive and could not be shaken
off. The stallion got on even terms with the
Maid, and then drew ahead of her in the midst
of the most tumultuous applause, beating her
under the wire three-quarters of a length. The
scene which followed is indescribable. An
electrical wave swept over the vast assembly,
and men swung their hats and shouted them-
selves hoarse, while the ladies snapped fans and
parasols, and burst their kid gloves, in the en-
deavor to get rid of the storm of emotion. The
police vainly tried to keep the quarter-stretch
clear. The multitude poured through the gates,
and Smuggler returned to the stand through a
narrow lane of humanity which closed as he
advanced. Doble was ashy pale, and the great
mare which had scored so many victories stood
with trembling flanks and head down. Her
attitude seemed to say, ' I have done my best,
Goldsmith Maid and Smuggler 57
but am forced to resign the crown.' The judges
hung out the time 2. 16 J, and got no further in
the announcement than that Smuggler had won
the heat. The shouts of the thousands of
frenzied people drowned all else.
" During the intermission the stallion was the
object of the closest scrutiny. So great was the
press that it was difficult to obtain breathing
room. He appeared fresh, and ate eagerly of a
small bunch of hay which was presented to him
by his trainer after he had cooled out. It was
manifest that the fast work had not destroyed
his appetite. The betting now changed. It
was seen that the Maid was tired and her eager
backers of an hour ago were anxious to hedge. In
the second score of the fourth heat, the judges ob-
served that Smuggler was on his stride, although
behind, and so gave the word. In his anxiety to
secure the pole Doble forced Goldsmith Maid into
a run, and as Lucille Golddust quickly followed
her, the stallion found his progress barred unless
he pulled out and around them. Marvin decided
to trail, and he kept in close pursuit of the two
mares even after he had rounded into the home-
stretch. Green would not give way with Lucille,
and Doble pulled the Maid back just far enough
58 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
to keep Marvin from slipping through with the
stallion. The pocket was complete, and thought
to be secure. A smile of triumph lighted Doble s
face, iand the crowd settled sullenly down to the
belief that the race was over. Marvin was de-
nounced as a fool for placing himself at a dis-
advantage, and imagination pictured just beyond
the wire the crown of Goldsmith Maid with
new laurel woven into it. But lookl By the
ghosts of the departed I Marvin has deter-
mined upon a bold experiment. He falls back
and to the right, with the intention of getting
out and around the pocket. Too late, too late !
is the hoarse whisper. Why, man, you have
but 150 yards in which to straighten your
horse and head the Maid, whose burst of speed
has been held in reserve for just such an oc-
casion as thisl Her gait is 2.14, and you, —
well, you are simply mad ! The uncounted thou-
sands held their breath. The stallion does not
leave his feet although pulled to a 45-angle
to the right, and the moment that his head is
clear and the path open, he dashes forward with
the speed of the stag-hound. It is more like fly-
ing than trotting. Doble hurries his mare into
a break, but he cannot stop the dark shadow
Goldsmith Maid and Smuggler 59
which flits by him. Smuggler goes over the
score a winner of the heat by a neck, and the
roar which comes from the grand stand and
the quarter-stretch is deafening. As Marvin
comes back with Smuggler to weigh, the ovation
is even greater than that which he received in the
preceding heat Nothing like the burst of speed
he had shown had ever before been seen on the
track, and it may be that it will never be seen
again. Marvin had two reasons for going into
the pocket. In the first place he thought that
Green would pull out when the pinch came and
let him through, and in the second place he
erroneously supposed that Doble would push the
Maid down the stretch and leave him room to
get out that way. It was bad judgment to get
into the pocket, since, had the Maid won the heat,
the race would have been over ; but it must be
admitted that Marvin acted not without a show
of reason. In riding at the gait he was riding,
a man does not have any extra time to mature
his plans. The heat was literally won from the
fire. It was only the weight of a hair that turned
the scales from defeat to victory. Doble was
more deeply moved by the unexpected result of
the heat than by anything else which happened
6o Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
in the race. His smile of triumph was turned
in one brief instant to an expression of despair.
The time of the heat was 2.19^. Smuggler again
cooled out well, nibbling eagerly at his bunch of
hay, while the crowd massed around him. The
Maid was more tired than ever, while Lucille
Golddust showed no signs of distress. When
the horses responded to the bell for the fifth heat
it was evident that a combination had been
formed against Smuggler. All worked against
him. Lucille Golddust and Bodine worried him
by repeated scorings, and when they excited him
into a break and he grabbed the unfortunate shoe
from the near fore foot, the hope began to rise
that the star of the stallion had set. The shoe
was put on, the delay giving the Maid time to
get her second wind, when the scoring again
commenced. Smuggler was repeatedly forced to
break, and for the third time in the race he
grabbed off the near fore shoe. Misfortunes
seemed to be gathering thickly around him, and
the partisans of the Maid wore the old jaunty
air of confidence. Before replacing the shoe,
Colonel Russell had it shortened at the heel. It
was a new shoe, and one adopted by Marvin
against the judgment of Russell. The shell of
Goldsmith Maid and Smuggler 6i
the foot was badly splintered by the triple acci-
dent, but the stallion was not rendered lame. As
much as an hour was wasted by the scoring
and the shoeing of Smuggler, which brought all
the horses to the post looking fresh. Smuggler
had the worst of it, as he was the only one which
had not enjoyed an unbroken rest Finally the
word was given for the fifth heat. Fullerton
went to the front like a flash of light, trotting
without skip to the quarter-pole in 33 seconds.
Smuggler overhauled him near the half-mile, and
from there home was never headed. The Maid
worked up to second position down the home-
stretch, the stallion winning the heat in 2.1 7J
and the hardest-fought race ever seen in the
world. The evening shadows had now thick-
ened, and as the great crowd had shouted itself
weak and hoarse it passed slowly through the
gate and drove in a subdued manner home.
" It was a race which will live long in memory,
one to which thousands will date as the beginning
of an epoch in their lives. Think of it. A first
heat in 2.15^ and a fifth heat in 2. 17 J, with the
stallion record reduced to 2.16^ in the third heat!
A week ago no one would have believed it. Now
we keep asking ourselves in a dazed sort of way
62 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
if what we saw with our eyes can really be true.
Smuggler first saw the light within the limits of
the Buckeye State. He journeyed West obscure
and looked upon as a menial. To-day his fame
is as wide as the world, and he wears the laurel
which once wreathed the neck of Goldsmith Maid.
Wonder not that the people of Ohio should swell
with pride when they point to him and his
history. His triumph was in the face of obstacles
which were truly formidable.
"*How did you enjoy yourself?* queried the
president from the judges' stand after the tumult
had subsided. The lady, one of Cleveland's
fairest daughters, well expressed the general feel-
ing in her answer from the grand stand : • I am so
glad and yet so sorry.' Glad that she had hailed
the new king and sorry that she had seen the old
queen lay down her crown."
Smuggler, 2.1 5 J
Colonel Russell first heard of Smuggler through
a letter that I sent him, and when he purchased
the stallion he came to the office of the Turf^
Field, and Farm. Captain W. S. Tough had
brought the brown son of Blanco (son of Iron's
Cadmus) from Leavenworth, Kansas, to Prospect
Goldsmith Maid and Smuggler 63
Park, Long Island, in search of a purchaser, and
it was there that the transfer to Colonel Russell
was made. Smuggler was foaled in 1866, bred
by John M. Morgan, near Columbus, Ohio, and
taken, when a colt, to Olathe, Kansas, where he
showed great bursts of speed in the hands of
Charles Marvin. He was a pacer, out of a pacing
mare by Herod's Tuckahoe; but as pacers were
not as much in demand then as now, he was
heavily weighted forward and thus converted into
a trotter. Iron's Cadmus was the sire of the first
great pacer, Pocahontas. At Buffalo, August 5,
1874, Smuggler started in the purse of $10,000
for free-for-all stallions, and although beaten
after winning two heats, made an enviable repu-
tation. After this he defeated such horses as
Mambrino Gift, Thomas Jefiferson, and Great
Eastern and carried, August 31, 1876, the stallion
record down to 2. 1 5 J, where it remained for eight
years. The last time I saw Smuggler in public
was at the big fair held at Minneapolis in the
autumn of 1878, when he was led in front of the
grand stand, preceded by a huge placard, describ-
ing him as the champion trotting stallion of the
world. W. H. Wilson of Cynthina had charge
of him. In the stud Smuggler was not a pro-
64 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
nounced success. The fastest of his ten trotters
is Nomad, 2.19. His sons are poor transmitters
of speed, but one of his daughters is the dam of
Miss Whitney, 2.07^. The trouble with Smug-
gler was that two gaits constantly fought for the
mastery in him and that in conformation he was
more of a pacer than a trotter. He is an illustra-
tion of a type that sometimes reaches, through
performance, championship form without the
power to protect its line from extinction.
CHAPTER VIII
FROM THE 2,13^ OF RARUS TO THE 2.O3J OF THE
ABBOT
Rarus succeeded Goldsmith Maid to the crown.
He was a bay gelding, foaled in 1867; bred by
R. B. Conklin, of Greenport, Long Island ; by
Conklin's Abdallah, a horse of unknown blood,
dam Nancy Awful by Telegraph, son of Smith
Burr's Napoleon ; second dam Lady Hunter by
Vermont Black Hawk. He trotted in 242^ to
saddle as a four-year-old, and in 1874 was fairly
launched on his turf career. In 1875 ^^ ^^^t such
horses as Molly Morris, Belle Brasfield, Adelaide,
and Kansas Chief, and in 1876 beat Smuggler,
Judge Fullerton, Great Eastern, and other good
horses. In 1878 Hopeful was his fastest rival.
At Buffalo, August 3, 1878, he started against
time, and he was at the half-mile pole in Losf
and finished the mile in 2. 13 J. From an account
that I wrote at the time I take the following:
" The horse and driver received a perfect ovation
when they returned to weigh, and it was with
F 65
66 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
difficulty that Splan could make his way through
the crowd and then into the judges' stand When
he reached the steps, he cleared them three at a
bound, and after handshaking, was led to the rail
and presented with a handsome basket of flowers
by President Bush. No words were spoken.
It would have been useless to have attempted
speech-making in the presence of the crowd that
filled the quarter-stretch, and which made the
ground shake with its shouts. While Splan was
blushing and bowing his acknowledgments to the
applauding thousands, Rarus was being unhar-
nessed, and he looked on with dazed eye, quiver-
ing nostril, and trembling flank. He had made a
new mark in the annals of the turf, had wiped out
the record of Goldsmith Maid, which had headed
the list for so many years ; and modesty well be-
came him in the hour of his brilliant success. It
was a proud day for Buffalo Park, and those who
were present will never forget the uproar caused
by the beating of 2.14." In the latter part of the
summer of 1879 Mr. Robert Bonner, who had
long looked for a record-breaker to head his
stable, purchased Rarus for $36,000. The geld-
ing made a record of 2.15, 2.i3f, 2.1 3J for three
consecutive heats at Hartford, and trotted a mile
From Rams to The Abbot 67
on Mr. Bonner's three-quarter track in 2.11^;
nevertheless he was a very dear horse. His new
owner derived but little satisfaction from him.
Rams was a sporadic representative of a dead
line.
St. Julien^ 2.\\\
Only a few months after the transfer of Rams
to the Bonner stable, St. Julien took the crown
away from him. He was a bay gelding, foaled
in 1869, by Volunteer, dam Flora by Harry
Clay 45, and was purchased in the spring of
1875 by James Gal way of New York, who started
him in the big circuit, and his achievements
were astonishing for a green horse. In his fourth
race, at Springfield, Massachusetts, August 27,
1875, he trotted to a record of 2.22J. Early in
the winter following he was sold to R. S. Morrow
and Orrin A. Hickok, and was taken to Cali-
fornia, where his speed was patiently developed.
He did not begin to show his form until in
September, 1879. Ex-President Grant was re-
turning from his triumphant tour of the world,
and stopped in San Francisco. October 25,
1879, St. Julien was started for his entertainment
at Oakland Park, to beat the record of Rarus,
and the time made was 2.i2f. General Grant
From Rams to The Abbot 69
Maud S., 2.o8f
At Chicago, September 18, 1880, Maud S,
regained her laurels. She trotted to a record
of 2. 1 of, and with the single exception of one
day remained the trotting queen until 1891. All
things considered, I doubt if we have seen her
equal. The first time my attention was par-
ticularly called to her was at Chester Park, a
half-mile track at Cincinnati, in the autumn of
1878. Myron P. Bush had a party in his private
car bound for Lexington, and a stop was made
at Cincinnati. Maud S., then four years old, was
driven a mile over the half-mile track in 2.26^,
and the way in which it was done excited remark.
Joseph Harker, a close friend of William H.
Vanderbilt, asked for a price on the mare, and
the understanding was that he was to pay ;^20,ooo
for her should she trot a mile in 2.20. She was
shipped to Lexington and waited in vain for a
good day to make the effort. After everybody
in the special car had gone home except myself,
the weather cleared up and Maud S. trotted a
mile in 2.17^. This was a sensational perform-
ance, and Mr. Vanderbilt, who had taken the
Harker option, finally paid $21,000 for the chest-
70 Tbe Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
nut daughter of Harold and Miss RusselL She
was a source of proud gratification to her new
owner, who drove her on the road In 1880
she returned to her old trainer, W. W. Bair,
and trotted at Chicago in a race with Trinket
to a record of 2.13^, which record she reduced at
Rochester to 2.1 if, and at Chicago to 2.10J. In
1884 her supremacy was threatened by Jay-eye-
see, who trotted at Providence to a record of 2.io,
Maud S. started the very next day at Cleveland
and lowered her record to 2.09I. Mr. Vander-
bilt, whose health was not good, and who did
not wish to be badgered, ofifered her through
William TurnbuU to Mr. Bonner, and the sale
was made at $40,000. Other parties stood ready
to pay $100,000 for her for hippodroming pur-
poses, but Mr. Vanderbilt would not listen to
them. I was with Mr. Bonner when Maud S.
was delivered to him at his stable in West 56th
Street, and drafted the conditions under which
she started at Hartford for a cup and failed. She
was then shipped to Lexington and started under
the same conditions, November 11, 1884, ^tnd re-
duced her record to 2.09J. I went to Lexington
with Mr. Bonner to witness the effort, and never
saw a man more pleased. It was his first record,
From Rams to The Abbot 71
and he scarcely slept that night No admis-
sion was charged to the track and there was
no purse or wagen The only thing involved
was the Woodburn Farm cup, and it simply com-
memorated the achievement. The church people
were out in force to honor the stand taken by
a leading churchman, and the occasion was one
long to be remembered.
Maud S. was wintered at Chester Park, Cin-
cinnati, and July 30, 1885, she made her last
start in public at Cleveland and trotted to a
record of 2.o8f. This is still the best mile to
high-wheel sulky over an oval track, without
artificial aid. No pools were sold on the event,
but there were private offers that the mare would
fail. I was in the timer's stand and looked at
the official watches as the hands marched around
the dials. Three of the watches were 2.o8|, and
when President Edwards leaned over the judges'
stand and said, *' Ladies and gentlemen, I am
pleased to inform you that on a track which the
directors do not consider fast, Maud S. has
trotted and made a record of 2.o8f," there was
tremendous applause. Previous to selling the
great chestnut Mr. Vanderbilt drove Maud S.
and Aldine to top road wagon at Fleetwood
72 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Park in 2.15^. It was a remarkable perform-
ance, and highly gratifying to the railroad
magnate* Mr. Bonner drove her a mile to
high-wheel wagon in 2.13J over his slow three-
quarter track. Maud S. was a chestnut mare of
1 5-3. foaled March 28th, 1874, and by Harold
out of Miss Russell. She outlived her last
owner, and it is a pity that she could not have
reproduced her kind. She was bred repeatedly,
but did not prove with foal. She died while
on a visit to Shultshurst, the home of Axworthy.
Sunol, 2.08^
Sunol, bay mare, foaled April 14, 1886 — bred
by Leland Stanford, Palo Alto, California; by
Electioneer, dam Waxana by General Benton;
second dam Waxy, thoroughbred daughter of
Lexington ; third dam Peter Swigert mare (dam
of Annette, dam of Ansel, 2.20) by Gray Eagle —
was the successor of Maud S. She trotted while
owned by Robert Bonner to a high-wheel record
of 2.08 J at Stockton, October 20, 1891. She was
driven by Charles Marvin, and wonderful as the
performance was, it was not equal to that of
Maud S., because it was^on a kite track. Al-
though Sunol was a highly nervous mare, of the
From Rams to The Abbot 73
greyhound build, Mr. Bonner was able to drive
her in Central Park and on the road. On Thurs-
day evening, December 21, 1893, ^ dinner was
given to Mr. Bonner at the Fifth Avenue Hotel,
New York, and a silver statuette of Sunol was
presented to her owner. Prominent among
breeders who joined in the testimonial were
C. J. Hamlin, J. Malcolm Forbes, General Ben-
jamin F. Tracy, A. B. Darling, William Russell
Allen, Hon. J. C. Sibley, and John H. Shults.
Hon. George M. Steams of Massachusetts was
not present, but he wrote : " I had hoped in vain
that circumstances might enable me to be present
at the dinner and still more important event of
the bestowal of a testimonial to Mr. Robert Bon-
ner. No man more deserves the tribute than he.
He was one of the earliest and most consistent to
associate horsemanship with honesty. He has
de nonstrated conspicuously that a man may be
a gentleman, a Christian, and a horseman. His
deeds deserve commemoration, for he was a
pioneer in that domain." After the death of Mr.
Bonner, Sunol was sold by his estate and pur-
chased by John H. Shults. She is, at the time I
write, a brood mare at Shultshurst, Westchester
County, New York.
74 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
Nancy Hanks ^ 2.04
When the 28-inch ball-bearing wheel, pneu-
matic tire, of the bicycle was applied to the sulky
in July, 1892, a revolution in harness speed was
inaugurated. It reduces friction and is seconds
faster than the high-wheel sulky. As there was
a violent tumble in prices soon after the bicycle
sulky had come into use, the pessimist charged
that its influence was cheapening and that it had
degraded the speed standard. It, however, was a
valuable improvement, in the interest of progress,
and it is idle to talk of returning to old methods.
Nancy Hanks followed Sunol on the summit.
She is a brown mare, foaled in 1886, by Happy
Medium, dam Nancy Lee by Dictator; second
dam Sophie by Edwin Forrest; and she was
bred by Hart Boswell of Lexington, Kentucky.
August 28, 1890, she trotted to a four-year-old
record of 2.14^, and soon thereafter was sold to
J. Malcolm Forbes of Boston. Driven by Budd
Doble, she trotted at Chicago, August 17, 1892,
to a record of 2.07^, at Independence, Iowa,
August 31, to a record of 2.05^, and at Terre
Haute, September 28, 1892, to a record of 2.04.
The morning that she made her best record I was
From Rams to Tbe Abbot 75
a visitor at Forbes Farm, and Mr. Forbes took
the affair very quietly. He was not one of the
kind to bubble over with enthusiasm. Forbes
Farm was at Blue Hill near Readville, Massa-
chusetts, and after her retirement from the track
Nancy Hanks enjoyed herself in grazing in the
pasture, and in obeying the laws of maternity.
Her foals have been by Arion, Bingen, imported
Meddler (thoroughbred), and Peter the Great,
She has produced a high rate of speed.
Alix, 2.03f
Alix, bay mare, foaled June 7, 1888, — bred by
Samuel Hayes, Muscatine, Iowa; by Patronage,
dam Atlanta by Attorney, — proved one of the
gamest of mares that ever advanced to the
throne. She trotted in 2.30 as a two-year-old
and in 2.i6f as a three-year-old. Her best time
in a race as a four-year-old was 2.12^, and as a
five-year-old she won great races and reduced
her record to 2.07^. In 1894, driven by Andy
McDowell, her downward sweep was steady. At
Terre Haute, August 17, she won a race in 2.06,
2.06J, 2.05 J; and September 12, she trotted in
2.04. At Galesburg, Illinois, September 19, she
chipped off a fraction, and was placed at the head
^6 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
of the list with a record of 2.03^. She was sold
by her owner, Morris J. Jones, to F. C. Sayles, of
Rhode Island, and died at Mariposa Stock Farm
after producing to Handspring, son of Prodigal
and Annie Wilton. Alix was full of speed-sus-
taining blood. Her sire, Patronage, traced
through Pancoast to thoroughbred Woodford,
and through Beatrice to the four-mile race-horse,
Wagner. Her dam, Atlanta, traced through
Attorney to a daughter of Robert Bruce, and
through Flirt, her dam, to imported Envoy and
imported Glencoe. Atlanta, the dam of Alix,
outlived her most distinguished daughter.
The Abbot, 2.03J
The Abbot was a product of Village Farm,
East Aurora, New York, and when he rose to
championship honors, the ambition of one of our
greatest breeders, C. J. Hamlin, was gratified.
The Abbot was a bay gelding, 15.1^ hands high;
foaled June 20, 1893; ^y Chimes (son of Elec-
tioneer and Beautiful Bells), dam Nettie King
(who trotted to a four-year-old record of 2.20J)
by Mambrino King, second dam Nettie Murphy
by Hamlin Patchen, and third dam by a son of
Kentucky Whip. When the celebrated trainer.
From Rams to The Abbot 77
E. F. Geers, began to work him, the fall he was
three years old, he was a trifle discouraged. The
gelding was rough-gaited and inclined to amble.
A square-toed shoe on the left front foot and the
right hind foot helped to untangle him, and he
made a severe campaign in 1897 and went into
winter quarters with a four-year-old record of 2.1 1^.
As a five-year-old he again was severely cam-
paigned and acquired a race record of 2.08. In
1899 he defeated all the best horses before the
public, including Cresceus and Bingen, and re-
duced his record to 2.06^. In 1900 his fight was
against the immortal scythe-bearer. Time, and
fraction by fraction he rose to the top — 2.05!^,
2.04f, 2.04, 2.03J. The latter performance was
at Terre Haute, Indiana, September 25, 1900.
The Abbot was sold at public auction for $26,500,
and purchased by John J. Scannell ; but he had
reached his limit and was a disappointment to his
new owner. He died early in 1904.
CHAPTER IX
CRESCEUS: REDUCTION OF STALLION RECORD AND
DOUBLE HARNESS RIVALRY
Cresceus next appeared upon the scene. He
is a powerful chestnut, foaled 1894; bred by
George H. Ketcham, Toledo, Ohio; by Robert
McGregor, 2.1 7^; dam Mabel (dam of Night-
ingale) by Mambrino Howard by Mambrino
Chief; second dam Contention by Allie West
(2.25 at four years old), son of Almont; third dam
by Victor by Downing's Bay Messenger; and
fourth dam by Crusader, thoroughbred son of Sir
Archy. Robert McGregor was a chestnut horse,
foaled 1871, by Major Edsall, son of Alexander's
Abdallah; dam Nancy Whitman by Seely's
American Star ; and he was one of our greatest
trotters. So resolute were his finishes that he
was called the Monarch of the Home-stretch.
As a three-year-old Cresceus trotted to a record
of 2.11J; as a four-year-old to a record of 2.09 J;
as a five-year-old to a record of 2.07 J; as a six-
year-old to a record of 2.04, and as a seven-year-
78
CRESCEUS
The Cluinplon TnXtliiE SUUlon. 3.02>4 Ii
KREMLIN
2.07%. the ChimpLon TnKlIng Stillion
Cresceus : Reduction of Stallion Record 79
old to a record of 2.02J. The latter performance
was at Columbus, Ohio, August i, 1901, and it
made him not only the champion trotting stallion
but the champion trotter of the world. Through
sire and dam Cresceus traces directly to the two
great foundation sires, Hambletonian and Mam-
brino Chief, and he is the vigorous representative
of a most vigorous line.
TAe Reduction of the Stallion Record
Mambrino Gift was the first stallion to trot to
a record of 2.20, and that vras at Rochester in
1874. Then came Smuggler, 2.1 5 J, in 1876;
then Phallas by Dictator, 2.13!, ^^ J^^y» 1884;
then Maxey Cobb by Happy Medium, 2. 13 J, Sep-
tember 30, 1884; and then Axtell by William L.,
dam Lou by Mambrino Boy, who as a three-year-
old, October 11, 1889, at Terre Haute, cut the
record to 2.12. He was the sensation of the hour
and since then has proved his merit in the stud.
Nelson carried the stallion record down to 2.10,
September 17, 1891 ; and September 19, 189 1, on
the kite track at Independence, Iowa, Allerton
trotted to a record of 2.09J. The kite track, by
the way, enjoyed but a brief period of popularity.
It quietly faded from the face of the earth.
8o The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
AUerton, like Axtell, is the representative of a
live trotting inheritance. He is by Jay Bird (son
of George Wilkes and Lady Frank by Mambrino
Star by Mambrino Chief), dam Gussie Wilkes by
Mambrino Boy (son of Mambrino Patchen and
Roving Nelly by C. M. Clay Jr^ she out of a
daughter of Berthune) ; second dam Nora Wilkes
by George Wilkes; and third dam by imported
Consternation. Here we have a combination of
the blood of Hambletonian and Mambrino Chief,
through prepotent sons, with Clay and thorough-
bred blood; and Allerton made his record to
high-wheel sulky and is the sire of 1 18 in the 2.30
list
Palo Alto, bay horse, foaled in 1882, by Elec-
tioneer out of Dame Winnie, the thoroughbred
daughter of Planet, trotted November 17, 1881,
at Stockton, to a high-wheel record of 2.o8f ; then
came Kremlin by Lord Russell, dam Eventide by
Woodford Mambrino, who trotted at Nashville,
November 12, 1892, in 2.07^. October 18, 1893,
at Nashville, Directum by Dictator carried the
record down to 2. 05 J. All of these represent live
lines in breeding.
Cresceus : Reduction of Stallion Record 8 1
Twchyear-old Champions
The first champion two-year-old trotter was
Doble, a black horse, by Ericsson, out of Belle by
Davy Crockett, He trotted in 24of at Lexing-
ton, October 19, 1872, and it was considered a
phenomenal performance. I recall how impor-
tant I felt when I was invited to drive Doble
around the Price track. Soso by George Wilkes,
dam Little Ida by Edwin Forrest, trotted at
Lexington, October 12, 1877, ^^ a record of 2.31,
and she was heralded as another world's wonder.
Three years later, the news was flashed from Cali-
fornia that Mr. John W. Mackay's brown filly.
Sweetheart by Sultan, dam Minnehaha, had
trotted September 25, 1880, at Sacramento to the
two-year-old record, 2.26J, and the general im-
pulse was to take off hats to her. November 20,
1880, the bay gelding Fred Crocker by Election-
eer, dam Melinche by St. Clair, trotted to a record
of 2.2 5 J, and her breeder. Governor Leland Stan-
ford, was congratulated as if he was at the flood-
tide of his career. Wildflower, bay filly, by
Electioneer, dam Mayflower by St. Clair, trotted
at San Francisco, October 22, 1882, to a record
of 2.21, and again was her breeder. Governor
82 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Stanford, enthusiastically congratulated. We
then heard remarkable stories about the vitality
of St. Clair, whose origin was shrouded in dark-
ness. October 27, 1888, Sunol by Electioneer
reduced the two-year-old record to 2.18, and she
was followed by another representative of Palo
Alto Farm, Arion by Electioneer, dam Manette
by Nutwood. In 1881, October 5, Charles Mar-
vin drove him to a record of 2.15I; October 21,
to a record of 2.14^; and November 10, at
Stockton, to a record of 2.10J. This was to high-
wheel sulky, and Arion still heads the two-year-
old list. His owner, Mr. J. Malcolm Forbes,* in
a letter to me, dated October 11, 1903, concerning
wind-shields and other matters, expressed views
that I endorse: " I have yours of October i, and
in case you have not seen a picture of the wind-
shield used at Empire City in front of Prince
Alert and Major Delmar, I send you one. It
would be so unjust to all other records to allow
the use of such contrivance that I feel pretty sure
that the 1.57 and the two minutes made with its
shelter will not be allowed. I have drawn a
dotted line across the lower piece of canvas that
will show what was used on the sulky of Lou
^ Mr. Forbes died early in 1904.
Cresceus : Reduction of Stallion Record 83
Dillon's pace-maker when she made her two-
minute record I think such a shield from dust
and dirt might be allowed, but a careful restric-
tion as to the size of any shield should be drawn
up for further trials. The mile made by Lou
Dillon in a high-wheel sulky in 2.05 and her mile
in 2.00 in a bicycle sulky seem to establish the
diflFerence between the two rigs as five seconds.
If this is a true measure, then Arion's two-year-
old record of 2.iof would be equal to 2.05^, if he
could have had a bicycle sulky in his trial in the
year 1891. You will say that he had an oppor-
tunity later in the new rig when a mature horse. I
feel that his speed was diminished by letting him
be trained the year he was three years old, before
he had got thoroughly acclimated to the Eastern
air and food. I have since that time in many
cases found that a horse was far from being him-
self the first year after coming from California."
There are eighteen volumes of the Year Book,
and the last one before me contains 1181 closely
printed pages. The parent volume of Chester's
Trotting and Pacing Record contains 1000 pages
packed with meat. This statement will explain
to every intelligent reader the utter impossibility
of giving even a summary of the achievements
84 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
of the trotting track. I have attempted to illus-
trate progress in breeding and development by a
brief record of epoch-making races. These are
the guide-posts in historical review, and I have
not wandered far from them.
Double Harness Rivalry
The double harness to road wagon rivalry
aroused widespread interest and helped the
breeder. It is difficult to find two horses that
you can rely upon to adhere to gait in moments
of excitement, because so few are alike in tem-
perament and action; and when you do obtain
possession of such a pair, the goddess of Good
Fortune certainly smiles upon you. In 1883 Mr.
William Rockefeller put Cleora and Indepen-
dence together and they were driven to a record
of 2.16^. In 1884 Mr. Frank Work reduced the
record to 2.16J with Edward and Dick Swiveller,
and the same season Mr. Isador Cohnfield gained
a record of 2.15^ with Maxey Cobb and Neta
Medium. Mr. W. J. Gordon's best effort with
Clingstone and Guy in 1885 was 2.17. In 1890
Mr. C. J. Hamlin went to the head of the list
with Belle Hamlin and Justina, who trotted to a
record of 2.13. In 1892 Belle Hamlin and
Cresceus : Reduction of Stallion Record 85
Honest George carried this record down to 2. 12 J,
which was a fixture until 1902, when it was tied,
October 25, at Parkway Driving Club, Brooklyn,
by Mr. E. T. Bedford's pair, York Boy and
Bemay. Mr. C. K. G. Billings, at Cleveland,
September 12, 1903, drove The Monk and Equity
to a record of 2.09! ! ^^^ ^* Memphis, October 28,
he drove the same pair to a record of 2.08. The
Hamlin record was beaten, but by two horses
bred and raised by him at Village Farm.
One of the greatest miles ever trotted in double
harness was at Fleetwood Park, June 14, 1883,
by Maud S. and Aldine to top road wagon, driven
by William H. Vanderbilt, in 2.15^. The track
was slower than the tracks of to-day and the
wagon had high wheels. Although authentic,
the 2.15^ is not a technical record.
I was at Cleveland July 31, 1891, when C. J.
Hamlin hooked three abreast of his own breed-
ing. Belle Hamlin, Globe, and Justina, and Geers
drove them to a record of 2.14. It was a won-
derful performance and is not likely ever to be
duplicated. Mr. Hamlin had studied the efforts
of truck horses, three abreast, in the streets of
Buffalo, and this induced him to see what could
be done with three trotters abreast.
CHAPTER X
THE FOUNDATION HORSES, IMPORTED MESSENGER
AND JUSTIN MORGAN
The two stallions, Messenger and Justin Mor-
gan, to which we remotely trace so many trotters
of the present day, had lived far beyond their
prime before the dream of a mile in three min-
utes was realized. Messenger died in 1808, aged
28 years, and Justin Morgan in 182 1, aged 32
years. It was in 1818 that an iron-gray gelding
of 16 hands established a record of three minutes
at Jamaica, Long Island. The match for $1000
grew out of a discussion at a jockey club dinner
that a horse could not be produced to trot a mile
in three minutes or less, and Boston Blue was
named at the post and won cleverly. He was a
horse of unknown blood, and the renown he gained
by the performance caused him to be shipped to
England. In the early days of the United States
the saddle horse was more used than the light-
harness horse, on account of the poor condition
of the roads. The trotting gait in harness was
86
The Foundation Horses 87
not cultivated to any extent until after bridle
paths had been succeeded by passable roads.
Messenger was a running horse and was brought
to this country for the purpose of improving the
running horse, but in temperament and action he
was plastic ; and his colts developed an inclina-
tion to trot. Road-building did the rest. Few
horses recorded in the stud book are regarded
with a higher degree of interest or have been the
subject of more animated discussion. If we turn
to the great table of 2.30 trotters and 2.25 pacers
under their sires, which is now the accepted
speed standard, we shall find neither Messenger
nor Justin Morgan, because neither contributed
a son or daughter to this list and neither chal-
lenged attention as a track performer. Each,
sowing seed in different soil, laid the foundation
of a trotting structure and added incalculably to
the comfort, the pleasure, and the wealth of the
New World. I recall the time when the family of
Hambletonian, a descendant of Messenger, was
growing rapidly and so overshadowing all other
families that sneers were levelled at the Justin
Morgan tribe, but that day is past and the
impartial historian must recognize the potency of
both lines. Fable has made free with Justin
88 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Morgan, because in early days breeding records
were not as carefully kept as now. I shall not
attempt to carry the reader through thousands of
pages of conflicting statements, but will accept
the conclusions of Joseph Battell, of Middlebury,
Vermont, because he has devoted much time and
money to investigation, and has, as I believe,
sifted sands of truth from banks of falsehood.
Justin Morgan
Justin Morgan was bred by the man whose
name he bears, and was foaled in 1789 at West
Springfield, Massachusetts. Mr. Morgan kept a
small tavern for Connecticut River boatmen at
the time, but soon after the colt was weaned
moved to Randolph, Orange County, Vermont,
taking the equine bud of promise with him. The
dam had been sold previous to this change of
residence. The sire of the colt was True Briton,
otherwise called Beautiful Bay, and owned by
Selah Norton of Hartford, Connecticut; and
there are romantic stories in print of how the
stallion was captured from Colonel James De
Lancy, an officer in the British army, in the
War of the Revolution. Colonel De Lancy was
proud of his saddle horse, an animal of pure
Tbe Foundation Horses 89
breeding; and the story runs that a lieutenant,
in the army of Washington, sneaked into De
Lancy's headquarters at White Plains, New
York, mounted the stallion, and rode off with
him. The pedigree of True Briton, as traced
by Mr, Battell, is by Lloyd's Traveller, son of
Morton's imported Traveller and imported Jennie
Cameron ; dam Betty Leeds, daughter of Babra-
ham by Godolphin Arabian, and out of a mare
by Bolton Starling, she out of a mare by Godol-
phin Arabian. The dam of Justin Morgan is
given as by Diamond by Church's Wildair by
imported Wildair by Cade by Godolphin Ara-
bian. This tracing carries us to the desert,
where the Arabs created breeds which have sur-
vived the vicissitudes of time. It is an axiom
that purity of blood will breed on with a higher
degree of certainty than any other, therefore
Oriental strains are always valued in a pedigree.
The lines of Justin Morgan, as tabulated by Mr.
Battell, will be accepted by some critics with
mental reservation; but the forcible manner in
which the stallion stamped himself upon his de-
scendants makes preposterous the suggestion that
he was a plebeian of plebeians. While owned
by Mr. Morgan the stallion was called Figure,
92 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
forward ; in short, was perfectly trained to all the
paces and evolutions of a parade horse; and
when ridden at military reviews (as was fre-
quently the case) his bold, imposing style and
spirited, nervous action attracted universal atten-
tion and admiration. He was perfectly gentle
and kind to handle, and loved to be groomed
and caressed; but he disliked to have children
about him, and had an inveterate hatred for
dogs, if loose, always chasing them out of sight
the instant he saw them. When taken out with
a halter or bridle he was in constant motion and
very pla)rful. He was a fleet runner at short
distances."
The speed of horses was tested at the run in
those days, even in Vermont, and the usual dis-
tance was 80 rods. Justin Morgan was quite
successful in these races, but it was in harness
that he showed at his best. He was full of
spirit and a nimble traveller. Pulling bees were
common, and he was as successful in them as in
running races. Robert Evans, one of his owners,
was a poor man with a large family, and he used
his stallion in hauling logs and clearing land.
This severe work did not affect his legs or
vitality, because we are told that a short time
Tbe Foundation Horses 93
previous to his death his constitution was un-
broken and his limbs were free from swelling.
The stud career of Justin Morgan is thus
summarized: 1793, kept by Justin Morgan, at
Randolph and Royalton ; 1 794, by Justin Morgan,
at Randolph and Royalton; 1795, by Justin
Morgan, at Weston and Hinesburg; 1796, by
Jonathan Shepard, at Montpelier, and perhaps
earlier in the season by William Rice at Wood-
stock; 1797, passed to James Hawkins, of Mont-
pelier, and it is not known where kept until
purchased, probably 1801, by Robert Evans, of
Randolph, who sold him, probably 1804, to John
Goss, Randolph; 1805 ^^^ 1806, kept by David
Goss, at St. Johnsbury; 1807, by John Goss, a
short time at Claremont, and the balance of the
season at Randolph; 1808, 1809, and 18 10, by
David Goss at St Johnsbury; 181 1, by Samuel
Stone in Randolph, Tunbridge, and Royalton;
1812 and 1813, uncertain; 1814, 1815, 1817,
kept by Joel Goss and Joseph Rogers at Clare-
mont; 18 16, by William Langmaid at Danville;
18 18 and 18 1 9, by Samuel Stone at Randolph;
afterwards, until his death in 182 1, he was owned
by Levi Bean of Chelsea. The immediate cause
of his death was a kick in the flank from one
94 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
of the horses with which he was running in an
open yard. He was without shelter, and inflam-
mation, which set in, hurried him to the close of
his career. A horse of coarse and weak fibre
would not have triumphed over the difficulties
and the hardships that he was compelled to face.
Walter T. Chester, author of the Complete
Trotting and Pacing Record, who was long
associated with me, but who is now the record-
ing secretary of the Vermont Horse Breeders'
Association, addressed a letter to me, when he
learned that I was to write a history of the trot-
ting and pacing horse, in which he said : ** It
may interest you to know that nearly 5000
stallions and many mares have been registered
in the second volume of the Morgan Register.
The basis is blood alone, upon which you know
I often argued in the columns of the Turf, Fields
and Farm. Are not the Morgans the only dis-
tinct breed of trotters now extant? Eligibility
for registration is based upon the blood of Justin
Morgan, and upon that alone. With a certain
percentage of the foundation blood an animal
is admitted; without it he stays out." I have
always conceded the wonderful prepotency of
Justin Morgan. The racial characteristics of
Tbe Foundation Horses 95
his family are nearly as fixed as those of the
Jews; his blood resembles that of the Arab in
the way it has established type, but I cannot
bring my mind to the thought that the Morgan
is the* only distinct breed of trotters. The
Hambletonian family far surpasses it
CHAPTER XI
THREE ENERGETIC SONS OF JUSTIN MORGAN, BUL-
RUSH, WOODBURY, AND SHERMAN MORGAN
The three great sons of Justin Morgan were
Bulrush Morgan, Woodbury Morgan, and Sher-
man Morgan. Each, until lo years old, did the
ordinary team work of the farm and was hardened
by fatigue and exposure. Sherman Morgan was
a chestnut, a shade under 14 hands, and weighed
925 pounds. He was foaled about 1808, and was
bred by James Sherman of Lyndon, Vermont.
His dam was a chestnut mare of good size, high
spirits, and quality, and tradition says that she was
of Spanish origin, otherwise was descended from
a barb. Sherman Morgan was tested at pulling
heavy loads, the same as his sire, and usually was
victorious. He also was driven hard on the roads
of a mountainous country. He was well patron-
ized in the stud, and died January 9, 1835, at
Lancaster, New Hampshire. His get were early
noted for speed, and his descendants figure prom-
inently in the trotting pedigrees of to-day. Red
96
Three Energetic Sons of Justin Morgan 97
Jacket, sire of Minna, dam of Kentucky Wilkes,
2.21^, the famous stallion owned in the Marsh-
land stud by Benjamin F. Tracy, was by Billy
Root, a son of Sherman Morgan. The grand
dam of Red Wilkes, one of the greatest of pro-
ducing sires, was also by Red Jacket. The
Sherman Morgan blood was carried forward by
his son. Black Hawk (Vermont or Hills), a black
horse foaled in 1833, the property of Ezekiel
Twombley, of Greenland, New Hampshire. He
stood 15 hands and weighed 1000 pounds. His
dam was a black mare, a fast trotter, and one
version is that she was a half-bred English mare.
Black Hawk was a square trotter, and it is claimed
that he never made a break on the road. He
died the property of David Hill of Bridport,
Vermont, in November, 1856. He trotted in
several long-distance races and covered single
miles in 2.42. He was a prolific sire, but only
four of his sons and daughters obtained standard
records. These were Ethan Allen, 2.25^; Lancet,
2.27^; Belle of Saratoga, 2.29; and Young America,
2.23. The latter was a pacer. It was as a foun-
dation sire that Black Hawk 5 is entitled to dis-
tinguished consideration. Fourteen of his sons
are speed producers. The star of the cluster was
H
98 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Ethan Allen. He was bred by J. W. Holcomb
of Ticonderoga, New York, and was foaled
June 1 8, 1849. H^s d^™ ^^ ^ g^y niare,
famous as a roadster, but of unknown ancestry.
He was a bay of 15 hands and weighed 1000
pounds. He was a long-bodied horse, of rare
symmetry and carriage, and his trotting action
was regarded as almost perfect. He had remark-
able speed for his day and was the idol of the
race-going public. Among the horses vanquished
by him during his turf career were Rose of Wash-
ington, Columbus, Stockbridge Chief, George M.
Patchen, Tacony, Princess, Draco, and Hector.
After Dexter had beaten everything in sight, he
was foolishly matched for a $2^00 aside against
Ethan Allen and running mate. The race took
place at Fashion Course, Long Island, on June 21,
1867, and Dan Mace drove the pair while Budd
Doble sat behind Dexter. The runner not only
relieved Ethan Allen of the weight handicap but
dragged him forward, and Dexter was beaten
in 2.15, 2.16, 2.19. The white-faced gelding was
privately timed the first heat in 2.17. Ethan
Allen had a number of owners, among them
J. E. Maynard, Z. E. Simmons, W. P. Balch, and
H. S. Russell. Colonel Russell sold him in the
Three Energetic Sons of Justin Morgan 99
autumn of 1870 to Amasa Sprague of Providence,
who sent him to Lawrence, Kansas, where he
died September 10, 1876. His skeleton is in the
Museum of Natural History at Lawrence. One
of the mares bred to Ethan Allen was the famous
chestnut, Pocahontas by Iron's Cadmus, who paced
to a wagon record of 2.1 7 J at Union Course,
Long Island, June 21, 1855. The fruit was the
handsome bay mare Pocahontas, foaled in 1859,
who trotted to a record of 2.26f at Boston,
July 26, 1866. This mare then passed to Robert
Bonner, for a consideration of {^40,000, and she
was long a shining light of that world-famous
stable. She was a great road mare, and I never
rode behind a trotter as fast as I did behind her
to wagon on the road with Mr. David Bonner
driving. I once told the story of that ride in
Harper^ s Magazine and will not repeat it here.
Pocahontas trotted a mile for Mr. Bonner in
2.i7f, and died without issue. This was always
regretted by Mr. Bonner and the admirers of the
shapely and true-going bay mare. Among the six
standard trotters from the loins of Ethan Allen
were Billy Barr, 2.23!, and Hotspur, 2.24. Twenty-
two of his sons are producing sires, and fourteen
of his daughters are producing dams.
loo Tbe Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
The most prepotent of his sons was Daniel
Lambert, a chestnut horse foaled in 1858; bred
by William H. Cook, of Ticonderoga, New York,
and dam Fanny Cook, a handsome and highly
organized chestnut mare by Abdallah (son of Mam-
brino), sire of Rysdyk's Hambletonian ; second
dam by Stockholm's American Star by Duroc by
imported Diomed. Daniel Lambert was a shade
under 15.2, and he had elasticity of gait as well as
good form and carriage. When four months old
he passed to John Porter, and later was owned in
succession by R. S. Denny, Benjamin Bates, and
David Snow. As a three-year-old Dan Mace
drove Daniel Lambert a mile in 2.42, but other-
wise the speed of this stallion was not developed.
He died June 29, 1889. The fastest of the 38
trotters sired by him was Comee, 2.19J, winner
of 26 races. The two best producing sons
of the 35 sires by Daniel Lambert were Ben
Franklin out of Black Kate by Addison, son
of Vermont Black Hawk, and Aristos, whose
blood, like Ben Franklin's, is breeding on. Sixty-
two of the daughters of Daniel Lambert are dams
of speed. Fanny Cook also produced, in i860, to
Ethan Allen, the bay horse Woodard's Ethan
Allen, whose register number is 473, and among
Three Energetic Sons of Justin Morgan loi
whose seven trotters is Tuna, 2. 12 J. His sons
and daughters were producers, and he died in
Kentucky in 1888. He stood 15.1 and was once
a member of the Fairlawn stud of General
W. T. Withers. The fact is striking that the
best of the get of . Ethan Allen was out of a mare
once owned by the owner of Rysdyk's Hamble-
tonian, and was by the sire of the great progeni-
tor whose grave is at Chester.
Holobird's Ethan Allen, whose register number
is 474, was a bay horse of 15.3, foaled 1858, by
Ethan Allen, dam a bay mare of 16 hands by the
C. F. Chedel Horse by Morgan Tally Ho. He.
combined size with finish and speed and died in
1889. He contributed four trotters and two
pacers to the list, and his daughters produced fast
pacers and trotters. Dariel, 2.00J, was descended
from him.
Honest Allen, a chestnut horse of 14.3 by
Ethan Allen out of a mare represented as by the
Brooks Horse (son of Sherman Morgan), she out
of a daughter of Cock of the Rock, was foaled in
1855. He passed to William L. Simmons, who
in 1873 placed him in the stud at Lexington,
Kentucky, where he died in 1883. July 4, 1871,
at Boston, Honest Allen trotted in 2.28 to pole.
I02 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
He sired four trotters, and one of his five produc-
ing sons is Denning Allen, a bay of 15.2, foaled
in 1874, and dam Reina by Ward's Flying Cloud.
He was taken to Little Rock, Arkansas, where he
left 100 colts, one of which is Lord Clinton,
2.o8f, the fastest trotter of the Ethan Allen
tribe. I saw this gelding in his maiden race
at the Alabama State Fair, held at Birming-
ham, and he trotted with such apparent ease that
I predicted a glowing future for him. I was sur-
prised to see a horse come from what was called
a brush patch and beat 2.20 without an effort
Lord Clinton was a game race-horse, and in 1892
he beat such tried horses as Lobasco, Little Albert,
Azote, Magnolia, Cheyenne, and Grattan. He
was also a competitor in the stubborn contest for
the Columbian Exposition Stake, at Chicago, in
September, 1893. This race was finally won by
Alix, and Lord Clinton was separately timed in it
in 2.08.
General Knox was a black horse, foaled in June,
1855 ; ^r^d by David Heustis of Bridport, Ver-
mont, and got by Vermont Hero (son of Sherman
Black Hawk, 142) ; dam a large mare by Searcher,
son of Barney Henry, the son of Signal and a
daughter of Bishop's Hambletonian ; second dam
Three Energetic Sons of Justin Morgan 103
by Sir Charles by Duroc by imported Diomed
The dam of Vermont Hero was by Liberty by
Bishop's Hambletonian by imported Messenger.
General Knox stood 15.2, weighed 1050 pounds,
and in 1859 passed to T. L. Lang of Vassalboro,
Maine, who sold him in 1872 to Henry N. Smith,
who placed him in the stud at Fashion Stud
Farm, New Jersey. He won six races, took a
record of 2.31, and died July 29, 1887. The first
16 years of his life were spent in comparative
obscurity. Many of the mares which visited him
were of unknown pedigree or inheritance, and yet
through them he transmitted the light harness
gait It was once said of him that he was to
Maine what Hambletonian 10 was to Orange
County. At Fashion Stud Farm he was given an
excellent opportunity, and one of the nuptials was
with Lady Thorn. The fruit was General Wash-
ington (sire of 15 trotters, one of them Poem,
2.11^), who, bred to Goldsmith Maid, produced
Stranger, a sire of resolute trotters. Stranger
passed from the Parkville Farm of John H.
Shults to Europe. Among the 15 trotters
left by General Knox were Lady Maud, 2.18J;
Beulah, 2.19I; Camors, 2.19^ ; and Independence,
2.2 1 J. The latter was driven on the road for
I04 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
several years by William Rockefeller. Thirty-
two of the sons of General Knox are speed-pro-
ducing sires, one of which is Charles CafiFrey,
with 25 in the list, including Robbie P., 2.iof.
Twenty-nine of the daughters of General Knox
are speed-producing dams. The last time I
visited Fashion Stud Farm, and that was before
its glory had departed, I was shown a grass-
grown mound under the magnolia, marked by a
cross, and I removed my hat because it was the
grave of General Knox.
Jubilee Lambert, a bay of 15.3, foaled in 1863,
by Daniel Lambert, dam the Harvey Mare, was
taken to Abdallah Park, Cynthiana, Kentucky,
in September, 1879. One of his get was Jubilee
de Jamette, whose dam was a celebrated show
mare, Lady de Jarnette, by Indian Chief, by
Blood's Black Hawk, who made quite an im-
pression upon the trotting stock of Kentucky.
The prepotent blood of Justin Morgan is
felt in New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana,
Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Wisconsin, and other
Western states, and in Kentucky, Tennessee, and
the South, as well as in New England.
CHAPTER XII
THE MORRILL TRIBE AND OTHER DESCENDANTS OF
JUSTIN MORGAN
The Jennison Horse, who as a three-year-old
sired Old Morrill, foaled in 1841, was a bright
bay with star, nearly 16 hands, and weighed
1200 pounds. He was bred by A. Jennison,
Walden, Vermont, and his sire was Young Bul-
rush, son of Bulrush Morgan. The dam was a
strong black mare of 16 hands and a pacer.
Jennison was a poor man, and all that he re-
ceived for the service that produced Morrill was
a pound of tea. James Heath of Baldwin owned
an iron-gray mare of about 15 hands, who pos-
sessed great nerve power and energy. She was
by the Farrington Horse, and broke one of her
hind legs above the hock, which gave her a de-
cided limp, but she got over the ground well.
She was twelve years old when bred to the Jen-
nison Horse. Morrill was a black of 15.3, and
was sold as a weanling to Urban Perkins, who
105
io8 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
speed producers. Fearnaught was not equal to
his splendid opportunities. He died in 1873.
Royal Fearnaught, chestnut horse of 15.3,
foaled in 1873, dam Lady Smathers by Draco
by Young Morrill, spent the greater part of his
life in Michigan, and is the sire of St. Elmo,
2.16:^, and nineteen other trotters and five pacers.
Two of his sons and ten of his daughters are
speed producers.
The Morrill tribe, like some of the Indian
tribes, is passing with the years from a valley
of activity and trumpet-blowing to obliteration.
Morgan Eagle was a bay horse with black
points, 15.2, foaled about 1824, and by Wood-
bury Morgan, dam untraced. He sired the
brown mare Lady Sutton, who was celebrated
on the turf from 1847 to ^^49, and who trotted
to a record of 2.30 at Centreville, Long Island,
August 3, 1849. In her old age Lady Sutton
grazed in a Long Island pasture with her once
determined opponent, Lady Moscow, and the
two were close friends. Lady Moscow died in
the afternoon of September 9, 1865, and Hiram
Woodruff writes: "As we stood there on the
green hillside looking at the mare that lay dead
Descendants of Justin Morgan 109
before us, it was really touching to see poor old
Sutton wandering around her dead companion
as if unable to make out what had befallen
her. Two other mares were near at hand, but
Sutton did not seem to notice them at all, her
gaze being fixed on her whose sinews were
relaxed and whose hoofs were at last still."
Morgan Eagle was also the sire of Henderson's
Morgan Eagle, who stood 16 hands and was
foaled in 1839. From his loins came Magna
Charta, a bay horse of 1 5 hands, foaled May 1 5,
1855. He spent the greater part of his life in
Michigan, trotting to a record of 2.31, and died
in December, 1886. He sired five trotters, the
fastest of which was Hannah D., 2.22^, and among
his forty-two producing daughters was the dam
of Belle P., 2. 1 5 J.
Gifford Morgan, foaled June 13, 1824, was a
dark chestnut and got by Woodbury Morgan.
He was a favorite parade horse and left, accord-
ing to Linsley, some excellent stock. Green
Mountain Morgan, a big little horse, a brown
of iicx> pounds, and by Gifford Morgan out of
an untraced mare, was foaled about 1832. He
passed through different hands to Silas Hale of
South Royalston, Massachusetts, and died in Ver-
I lo The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
mont in 1863, In 1853 he was awarded premi-
ums at the Kentucky, Ohio, and Michigan fairs ;
and one of his sons, Morgan Eagle, bred to a
daughter of Blythe's Whip by Blackburn's Whip,
produced Kentucky Queen, dam of Kentucky
Prince, sire of Guy, 2.09I.
L, L. Dorsey of Louisville, Kentucky, made
the Golddust tribe famous. He was a restless,
ambitious man and always had a chip on his
shoulder. At one time he flooded me with
communications as to what the sons and daugh-
ters of Golddust could do. Barnard's Morgan,
a bay horse of 15.1^, was foaled in 1843; and he
was by Gifford's Morgan out of a brown mare
of nearly 16 hands, strong-going and an excel-
lent roadster. In 1857 he was shown, with 26
of his get, at St. Louis and attracted much atten-
tion. A light bay mare of 1 5 hands and marked
excellence was bred to him, and the result was
Vermont Morgan, a bay of 15 hands, foaled in
September, 1846. He was taken to Illinois in
1849, and remained there until 1864, when he
was sold to L. L. Dorsey of Kentucky, who sold
him in i860 to go to Alabama. He could trot
in three minutes. In 1864 Andrew Hoke sent
to him a fine-looking mare by Zilcadi (a chestnut
Descendants of Justin Morgan m
Arabian presented to United States Consul Rhind
by the Sultan); second dam by imported Bare-
foot, a chestnut by Tramp out of Rosamond by
Buzzard, and tracing through several sources to
the desert. The result of the union was Gold-
dust, who was foaled in 1855, and who developed
into a horse of beauty and potency. When a
weanling, L. L. Dorsey purchased Golddust for
;f 100, and the golden chestnut remained at Eden
Stock Farm until he died, in 187 1. It was my
privilege to see him often, and to admire him
every time I saw him. In 1861, when contend-
ing armies used Kentucky for a checker-board,
Mr. Dorsey made a match with W. Garnett to
trot Golddust, mile heats, three in five, against
Iron Duke for $10,000. The race was over
Woodlawn Course, now a memory, and Iron
Duke won the first heat in 2.48J and Golddust
the second, third, and fourth heats in 2.47^, 2.43,
247^^* The record of Golddust, 2.43, was made
in this race. The trotters from the loins of
Golddust are Lucille Golddust, 2.16J; Fleety
Golddust, 2.20; Indicator, 2.23^; and Rolla Gold-
dust, 2.25. Lucille Golddust was one of the
greatest campaigners of the grand circuit, and in
her retirement she produced Sprague Golddust,
1 1 2 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
2.15 J; Lucille's Baby, 2.2o|; Wilkes Golddust,
2.2 3^^; and Narka, 2.2 7 J. Among the 18 produc-
ing sons of Golddust is Zilcadi Golddust, whose
dam, Rosalind, was a daughter of Sally Russell,
dam of Miss Russell, dam of Maud S. Zilcadi
Golddust is the sire of seven trotters, and one of
his daughters is the dam of the celebrated cam-
paign mare Rosaline Wilkes, 2,14^. Roma, who
is in the great brood-mare list, was a daughter
of Golddust Reality, a daughter of Roma, is
also in the great brood-mare list as the dam of
Comanche, 2.19^ ; Tuscarora, 2.22^; and Prin-
cess Clara, 2.26^ as a yearling in a race. Gold-
dust, who according to Mr. Battell traces through
Justin Morgan, as well as the Hoke Mare, to the
pure blood of Arabia, established a family noted
for good looks as well as for speed and endur-
ance.
CHAPTER XIII
MAMBRINO CHIEF AND HIS DESCENDANTS
One of the greatest foundation sires was Mam-
brino Chief, foaled in 1844, and bred by Richard
Eldridge of Dutchess County, New York. He
was from the loins of Mambrino Paymaster, and
his dam was a large and somewhat angular mare
of untraced blood. Mambrino Paymaster was by
Mambrino, thoroughbred son of imported Mes-
senger, out of a highly formed and courageous
daughter of Paymaster, an imported stallion, and
he was possessed of more than ordinary action
for that day. Mambrino Chief was a natural
trotter, and he passed from Richard Eldridge to
Warren Williams, who in the spring of 1851 sold
him to James M. Cockroft and G. T. Williams
of New York. In October, 1884, while on a
visit to Mr. Edwin Thome of Thorndale, I was
permitted to read the correspondence which led
to the transfer of Mambrino Chief from the state
of New York to the state of Kentucky, where he
founded a family second in importance to that of
1 113
114 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Hambletonian. Mr. Thome, who from boyhood
had been a close student of form and breeding,
described Mambrino Chief as a horse with a large
head, full of character ; a good neck, with excel-
lent shoulders ; legs strong and fluted, but with
a large foot subject to quarter crack. In 1853
James B. Clay, a son of Henry Clay, of Ashland,
was in New York, and he consulted Mr. Thome
with regard to the purchase of a trotting stallion
to take to Kentucky. As Mambrino Chief had
size with substance and was showing well at the
trot, he was warmly recommended ; and in 1854
he was established in a new home in the Blue-
grass district of Kentucky. His coming excited
a feeling of jealousy in certain quarters, and he
was matched against Pilot Jr., at two-mile heats,
for $1000 a side. The race did not take place,
because Mambrino Chief showed so much speed
in his training as to frighten the owner of Pilot
Jr. into paying forfeit. General John B. Castle-
man of Louisville frequently saw Mambrino
Chief at Ashland, and in a paper read before the
American Saddle Horse Breeders' Association, in
1903, he said of him: "There had rarely been
then or since so coarse a stallion in any stud
in Kentucky. He was approximately 16 hands
Mambrino Chief and bis Descendants 1 1 5
high, dark bay, coarse-headed, coarse-eared, plain-
bodied, coarse-legged, and coarse-hoofed. No
fine colt was ever sired by Mambrino Chief. He
produced speed but not finish." James B. Clay,
a son of the former owner of Mambrino Chief,
took issue with General Castleman : " I remember
this horse well ; saw him almost every day while
he was at Ashland ; he was a dark brown, nearly
black; indeed, some would call him black. He
was 16 hands high, no white about him ; some tan
on the nose and in the flank ; that is why he was
called a brown instead of a black horse. He had
a very bony head, but not what would be called
an ugly head. His neck was long and beau-
tiful, his shoulders very sloping and beautiful;
large flat legs, good hocks that were not straight,
neither could they be called sickle. His feet
were large and flat and not good. He was a
large horse, but I never thought him a coarse
one.*' As Mr. Clay's recollection of the horse
agrees with the description furnished me by Mr.
Thome in 1884, I cannot do otherwise than con-
clude that General Castleman's memory is faulty.
When mated with mares of finish and carrying
thoroughbred blood, the so-called coarseness of
Mambrino Chief was not transmitted. The an-
ii6 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
gular qualities of the son of Mambrino Paymas-
ter, derived from his untraced dam, disappeared
under the double infusion of Oriental strains. In
1855, one year after Mambrino Chief had left the
picturesque hills of Dutchess County for the his-
toric groves of Ashland, which gave inspiration
to Henry Clay, Levi S. Rodes of Fayette County,
Kentucky, bred to him a mare of quality by Gano,
a thoroughbred son of the four-mile race-horse
American Eclipse, and the fruit was a bay filly,
foaled in the spring of 1856, purchased by George
Dunlap of Lexington, and for a short time driven
on the road by him. When three years old this
filly became the property of Dr. L. Herr, who
trained and started her in public under the name
of Maid of Ashland. Subsequently she was sold
to C. P. Relf of Pennsylvania, and under the
name of Lady Thorn made a reputation which
will endure until the obliteration of trotting annals.
She was the rival of Dexter on the turf, trotted
to a record of 2.18J at Providence, Rhode Island,
October 8, 1869, and met with an accident when
being led into a car at Rochester, New York,
August 4, 1870, which forced her into retirement
Her owner, Henry N. Smith, then made her a
brood mare at the Fashion Stud Farm, Trenton,
Mambrmo Chief and bis Descendants 1 1 7
New Jersey, where she produced twice to General
Knox — February 22, 1874, the bay colt General
Washington, and in 1875 the bay filly Thometta,
She died June 23, 1877, and was buried just in-
side the mile track on the farm. After her retire-
ment Dan Mace, who trained her for Mr. Smith,
told weird stories of fast trials, but the sceptics
laughed at them. Lady Thorn was a highly
strung mare, undoubtedly faster than her record,
and it is a pity that her track career was cut short
by an accident. Her son, General Washington,
was not trained for races and was moderately suc-
cessful as a stallion. Thornetta was also reserved
for breeding ranks and is in the Year Book as a
producer of speed. Lady Thorn, who trotted 106
heats inside of 2.30, drew national attention to
Mambrino Chief, and the reputation of the stallion
steadily grew with wider opportunity. Only six
of his sons and daughters acquired records of
2.30 and better, but his descendants are as
thick as autumn leaves in the valley of standard
speed. Mambrino, the grandsire of Mambrino
Chief, was by imported Messenger out of a
daughter of imported Sour Crout ; and American
Eclipse, the sire of Gano, the sire of the dam of
Lady Thorn, was by Duroc by imported Diomed,
ii8 Tbe Trotting and ibe Pacing Horse
whose ancestral roots ran directly to the desert
from which came Darley Arabian, Godolphin
Arabian, and Leeds' Arabian. Miller's Damsel,
the dam of American Eclipse, was by imported
Messenger, and I recall the time when trotting-
horse br^ders, who were classed as " Messenger
crazy," were advised to go to the descendants of
the distinguished four-mile racer for an infusion
of this charmed blood. Sir Archy, the sire of
Betsey Richards, dam of Gano, was by imported
Diomed, and the blood of these two distinguished
race-horse progenitors undoubtedly nicked well
with that of Messenger.
The Rodes Mare (daughter of Gano) produced
in addition to Lady Thorn the great trotting-
speed progenitor, Mambrino Patchen. This dis-
tinguished son of Mambrino Chief was bred by
Dr. L. Herr of Forest Park, Lexington, Ken-
tucky, and was foaled in 1862. He was such a
promising yearling that he was purchased by
John K. Alexander and taken to Illinois. The
price, ;((i500, was at that time the highest ever
paid for a yearling in Kentucky. As a two-year-
old Mambrino Patchen was returned to Dr. Herr,
who broke him to harness as a three-year-old
and used him in the stud. When seven years old
Mambrino Chief and bis Descendants 1 19
the fame of his sister added largely to his list of
visitors. The Mambrino Patchen family is the
most prepotent of the Mambrino Chief tribe.
. Dr. Herr was a quiet, observing man, but his face
always flushed with pride when showing Mam-
brino Patchen to appreciative men. He was a
horse of 16 hands, of symmetry and lofty carriage,
and his well-groomed black coat was brilliant in
the sunshine which fell upon the oaks and
maples of Kentucky.
Lady Stout, a chestnut filly, foaled in 1 871, by
Mambrino Patchen out of Puss Prall by Mark
Time, was the first three-year-old to trot in 2.29,
and she was the sensation of the hour. Columns
were written about the evils of early development,
but Dr. Herr was not upset by criticism. Lady
Stout passed into the stable of Robert Bonner
and was used by him as a brood mare. Car-
tridge, 2. 1 4 J, was out of her.
The best of the 25 trotters sired by Mambrino
Patchen were London, 2.20^; Katie Middleton,
2.23; and Mambrino Kate, 2.24; but nearly three
score of his sons obtained recognition as sires of
speed, and more than five score of his daughters
are dams of trotters. From one of his sons,
Mambrino Boy, came the dam of AUerton, 2.09J,
1 20 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
and the dam of Axtell, 2.12, both sensational
trotters and the heads of speedy tribes. From
another son, Mambrino King, came track per-
formers of the fastest and most resolute t3rpe, such
as Lord Derby, 2.05 J; Nightingale, 2.08; Dare
Devil, 2.09; Heir at Law, 2.12; and Mocking
Bird, 2.i6f. We owe to the daughters of Mam-
brino King record-breaking trotters like The Ab-
bot, 2.03J, and The Monk, 2.05^. The symmetry
of Mambrino Patchen was transmitted to Mam-
brino King, intensified by Belle Thornton (dam of
Mambrino King), a daughter of Edwin Forrest
and Brown Kitty by Birmingham by Stockholder
by Sir Archy. In his prime Mambrino King
was pronounced by competent critics the hand-
somest horse in the world, and when led into the
show ring he never failed to become the focus
of admiring eyes. Usually he retired from the
arena with the blue rosette, the highest award of
honor. His influence upon the trotting horse of
America was marked because he demonstrated to
the world the advantage of combining beauty and
courage with speed. The form of his maternal
ancestor, the dam of Goliah and Mambrino Chief,
was changed by the submerging currents of Mam-
brino, imported Paymaster, American Eclipse,
Mambrino Chief and bis Descendants 1 2 1
and Sir Archy ; and the advocates of nothing but
cold crosses in a trotting pedigree were silenced
by the facts. Prominent among daughters of
Mambrino Patchen are Alma Mater, dam of
eight with records, including the two speed-pro-
ducing stallions, Alcantara and Alcyone ; Belle
Patchen, dam of the renowned sire. Baron Wilkes,
2.18; Lady Bunker, dam of Guy Wilkes, 2. 15 J,
whose star at one time was one of the brightest
in the breeding firmament of California; Mary
Mambrino, who gave us Beatrice, dam of Patron,
2.14^, a sire of 2.10 speed ; Patronage, sire of the
once resolute trotting queen, Alix, 2.03!; ^^^
Prodigal, 2.16, a fertile source of speed. Elvira,
the champion four-year-old trotter, dam of Ponce
de Leon, 2.13, sire of fast trotters and pacers, was
another good daughter of Mary Mambrino.
Betty Brown, dam of Wilkes Boy, 2.24^, a sire of
high rank, was also by Mambrino Patchen. She
was bred to her own sire, Mambrino Patchen, and
produced Kitty Patchen, dam of Patchen Wilkes,
sire of the rock-ribbed pacer, Joe Patchen, 2.01^,
sire of Dan Patch, 1.56J. This close doubling of
the blood of Mambrino Patchen was attended by
far better results than were anticipated. Mam-
brino Patchen was sound until he died, May 6,
1885, at the age of 22,
122 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
In the spring of 1862 the brown mare. Wood-
bine by Woodford, thoroughbred son of Kosciusko
by Sir Archy, was bred to Mambrino Chief just
previous to the death of the stallion, and the
fruit was the bay horse, Woodford Mambrino,
who was used in the stud at Woodburn until
1877, when he was placed in training and trotted
a mile in 2.21, In October of that year he was
sold to L. B. Dubois of Colorado, who sold him
to R. C. Pate of Missouri, who made a remarkable
campaign with him the season of 1878. The
horse was 15 years old and suffered from fistula,
but he fought his races with the greatest deter-
mination and was the sensation of the grand
circuit He acquired a record of 2.2 1^, — and was
so worn when I saw him at Minneapolis late in
the autumn that I was not surprised to hear of
his death in March, 1879.
His spirit was not conquered until the flesh
wasted under disease and a cruel taskmaster*
He left but 86 foals, and yet his rank as a pro-
genitor of speed is high. Among his producing
sons are Princeps, Mambrino Dudley, and Pan-
coast The latter is the grandsire of Alix, 2.03^.
The greatest of his producing daughters is Even-
tide, the dam of Kremlin, 2.07^, the champion
Mambrino Chief and bis Descendants 123
trotting stallion of 1892 and a successful sire at
Allen Farm. In 1871 Woodbine produced
Wedgewood by Belmont, who was out of a
daughter of Mambrino Chief; and as he trotted
to a record of 2.19, and is noted as a sire of
extreme speed, the nick must be regarded as a
good one. Dame Wood, the dam of the hand-
some and fast pacer, John R. Gentry, 2.00^, owned
by Edward H. Harriman, was a daughter of
Wedgewood.
Belle Loupe by Brown's Bellfounder, son of
imported Bellfounder, gave birth in 1857 to a bay
filly by Mambrino Chief which at maturity
became, under the name of Belle, one of the
famous matrons of the stud book. Bred to
Alexander's Abdallah, son of the renowned pro-
genitor, Rysdyk's Hambletonian, she foaled in
1854 a bay colt, Belmont, who was reserved for
procreative tasks at Woodburn. He trotted the
half-mile track on the farm in 2.28^, and was
placed in the stud in 1869. He was a horse of
15.3 hands, of quality, fine carriage, and pre-
potency, and he is the head of a numerous and
powerful tribe. Nutwood, one of his sons, was
a prolific sire of speed, and King Rene, who was
by Belmont out of Blandina by Mambrino Chief,
1 24 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
was a horse of the show-ring type and a pro-
genitor of trotters. The daughters of Belmont
also were celebrated for speed-producing quali-
ties. One of these was Bicara, dam of Pancoast,
2.2 if. Belmont died at Woodburn, November
13, 1889, and his stud fee had been advanced
from $2$ to $500. Sally Anderson was another
daughter of Mambrino Chief that found a golden
nick in Alexander's Abdallah. Almont, her dis-
tinguished son, was thus bred, and he transmitted
his remarkable action with impressive uniformity.
At Edge Hill, the breeding farm of Colonel
Richard West, at Georgetown, Kentucky, I was
often called upon to admire the frictionless trot
of Almont as he swept around his paddock, and
a great future was predicted for him. The op-
portunity of the stallion was enlarged when he
was transferred to Fairlawn, the breeding farm
of General W. T. Withers, and he died leaving
scores of producing sons and daughters. Fanny
Witherspoon, 2. 16 J, was his fastest and gamest
daughter, and Piedmont, 2. 17 J, was his best
trotting son. Mag Ferguson, the dam of the
latter, was by Mambrino Chief, and he taught
the lesson that the blood could be doubled with
advantage. Clark Chief, sire of Kentucky Prince
PALO ALTO
high-wheel »ulky nude him the Ch»nipton Trolling Sullk
DERECTUM
m ths Champion Troiting SBlllon o( IS93.
Mambrino Chief and bis Descendants 125
and of the dam of the once champion trotting
stallion, Phallas, 2. 1 3f , was another prepotent son
of Mambrino Chief. Kentucky Prince was at
the head of the famous Stony Ford stud of
Charles Backman, and the fastest trotter from
his loins was Guy, 2.09J. Ninety-eight of his
daughters are dams of speed.
Dolly, a daughter of Mambrino Chief, is in
the great brood mare list as the dam of Onward,
Director, and Thorndale, all famous speed-pro-
ducing stallions. Beuzetta, 2.o6f, and Onward
Silver, 2.05 J, are the fastest trotters by Onward ;
and Directum, 2.05J, is the best of the get of
Director. Dolly was a very plain mare, and the
memory of her, as I saw her in the summer of
1877 standing on the banks of the Elkhorn, with
Director, then a tiny bit of flesh, by her side, is
as vivid as if the scene belonged to the canvas
of yesterday. How a mare of her severe outline
could become such a fountain of speed is one
of the problems that frequently confronts the
student of breeding. The Mambrino that sired
Abdallah, the sire of Rysdyk's Hambletonian,
was the sire of Mambrino Paymaster, the sire of
Mambrino Chief, and when the descendants of
Hambletonian and Mambrino Chief were joined.
126 The Trotting and ibe Pacing Horse
kindred strains were reunited with the vigor-
imparting influence of the climatic outcross,
and trotting conformation was advanced and
improved and trotting action intensified. For
an illustration, Alix, 2.03^; Fantasy, 2.06; Ralph
Wilkes, 2.o6f ; Stamboul, 2.07^; Kremlin, 2.07^,
and Arion, 2.07I, are bred this way. Trinket,
who was the sensational four-year-old of 1879,
was a striking example of how the Mambrino
Chief and Hambletonian strains could be inter-
woven. Princeps, her sire, was by Woodford
Mambrino (son of Mambrino Chief), out of
Primrose by Alexander's Abdallah (son of Ham-
bletonian), and Ouida, her dam, was by Hamble-
tonian. The thoughtful observer always draws
a line between inbreeding for desirable qualities
and incestuous breeding.
Jessie Pepper was a brown mare of 16 hands,
foaled 1 860, and by Mambrino Chief out of Lena
Pepper by Sidi Hamet, a thoroughbred. She
was a handsome mare, possessed of speed, and
the simple statement that she had 18 foals
speaks well for her vitality. Ten of these foals
by eight different stallions were producers of
speed. Annabel by George Wilkes (son of
Hambletonian) was her best daughter, and the
Mambrino Chief and bis Descendants 127
best daughter of Annabel was Estabella by
Alcantara by George Wilkes. Prince Regent,
2.16^, a great four-year-old, and Heir at Law,
2.12 at the trot and 2.05! ^^ ^^^ pace, were
the result of Estabella's union with Mambrino
King, son of Mambrino Patchen, son of Mam-
brino Chief. A glance at the history of this
mare and her descendants strengthens the con-
viction that excellence is the outcome of the
intercrossing of kindred strains of pronounced
merit
Sprite, who is in the great brood-mare list, was
a chestnut of 16 hands, foaled in 1872, and by
Belmont out of Waterwitch by Pilot Jr. She
is the dam of four with records, three of which
are by Electioneer, son of Hambletonian, and
two of these. Egotist and Electrite, are abundant
speed sires. Emma Arteburn by Mambrino
Patchen out of Jennie Johnson, thoroughbred
daughter of Sweet Owen, produced to Nutwood
the mare Mystic, dam of Fred Kohl, 2.07!, ^^^
Mystery, 2.17^. She also produced St. Arnaud,
sire of Reina, 2.1 2J; Judge Keeler, 2.14; and
Mercedes, dam* of Harriet Clay, who, bred to
Alcyone (son of George Wilkes and Alma Mater
by Mambrino Patchen), gave us Harrietta, 2.09^,
128 Tbe Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
driven in single and double harness by her owner,
Mr. H. O. Havemeyer.
Mambrino Pilot, bay horse, foaled in 1859 and
by Mambrino Chief out of Juliet by Pilot Jr., she
out of a daughter erf Webster, thoroughbred son
of Medoc, trotted- in 1866 to a saddle record of
2.27^ and sired among others Hannis, 2.17^, and
Mambrino Gift, whose record of 2.20 was the
best for stallions at the time it was made.
CHAPTER XIV
THE PILOT FAMILY
One of the foremost of brood-mare sires is
Pilot Jr., a gray horse of 15.2, foaled in 1844, and
bred by Lugerean Gray of Jefferson County,
Kentucky. His sire was a black horse called
Pilot and his dam was Nancy Pope by Funk's
Havoc, second dam Nancy Taylor by Alfred.
In 1848 the gray horse was sold to D. Heinsohn
of Louisville, Kentucky, and in 1858 he passed
to R. A. Alexander of Woodburn, who used him
in the stud with such discretion as to give him
an enduring reputation. The horse died of apo-
plexy at Aurora, Illinois, April 14, 1865. There
has been much controversy over the breeding of
Pilot and his son, Pilot Jr., and at this late day
the precise facts cannot be established. Joseph
Battell, who corresponded freely and travelled
much in search of information, records Pilot as
a very dark brown, nearly black, horse of about
15 hands, foaled in 1853, bred by Louis Dan-
sereau of Contrecoeur, Province of Quebec, sire
K 129
1 30 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
unknown; dam Jeanne d'Arc, bred by Louis
Dansereau, got by Voyager that was foaled the
property of Pierre Fisette of Contrecceur, from
a mare that he traded for with a Yankee about
181 1 ; second dam a black pacer» described as
active but not very fleet, that Dansereau traded
for at Montreal about 18 14 with a Yankee team-
ster. Pilot was sold when 18 months old and
taken to Montreal in 1839, from which place he
was sold for 1^150 to Elias Lee Rockwell, who
took him to Stafford, Connecticut, in the fall of
1829, In August, 1830, Rockwell led the horse
behind a peddler's wagon to Norwich, New York,
and thence to New Orleans, pacing him in con-
tests along the route. In June, 183 1, Pilot was
sold to Major O. Dubois of New Orleans, for
$1000, and in the early part of 1832 he passed
to Heinsohn and Poe of Louisville, Kentucky.
In 1850 the stallion passed to Robert Bell of
Louisville, who sent him to his farm near Hen-
derson, Kentucky, where he died about 1853.
It is certain that Pilot was taken to New Orleans
by a Yankee peddler who sold him to Major
Dubois, but there is much conjecture about the
rest of the story. The suggestion of Mr, Battell
is that the stallion derived his excellence from a
The Pilot Family 131
Vermont mare, presumably a descendant of Justin
Morgan. C. W. Kennedy, who rode Pilot in his
speed exhibitions in Kentucky, is on record as
saying that the stallion generally paced, although
he trotted finely. Pilot was a horse with quite a
temper, and in his races was driven with a breech-
ing with puUe)^ leading to his mouth. Pilot Jr.
trotted two races at five years old and won easily,
and at six years old he won at two-mile heats
and a race at four miles. He was a game horse,
a dapple gray, of style, substance, and strength ;
and one of the longest and most bitter contro-
versies in which I ever engaged was over his
pedigree. I held that his dam was by a thorough-
bred stallion. Six trotters, possessed of standard
speed, came from Pilot Jr., among them Pilot
Temple, 2.24^, who won 36 races and whose dam,
Madame Temple, was the dam of Flora Temple,
the first trotter to beat 2,20. The best produc-
ing son of Pilot Jr. was Bayard, sire of Kitty
Bayard, 2.12^, and eight other trotters and six
pacers. When in training he was almost as
much of a puller on the bit as his grandsire,
black Pilot. The daughters of Pilot Jr. have
lifted him above the rank of ordinary stallions.
Through them the line has been emphasized as
132 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
thoroughly alive, and the gates to immortality
have been forced open. Sally Russell, thorough-
bred daughter of Boston, was bred to Pilot Jr.,
and produced in 1865 the gray filly Miss Russell,
who developed into one of the greatest brood
mares of the age. The same spring the gray
filly Midnight by Pilot Jr. out of Twilight,
thoroughbred daughter of Lexington, son of Bos-
ton, was born, and she is in the list as the dam of
the sensational gelding Jay-eye-see by Dictator,
who trotted to a record of 2.10 and paced to a
record of 2. 06 J; of Electricity by Electioneer,
who trotted to a record of 2.17^, and who is a
producing sire ; and of Noontide by Harold, who
trotted to a record of 2.20^, and is a producing
dam.
Miss Russell was a mare of unusual vitality and
fertility. Seventeen of her 18 foals grew to ma-
ture form, and she had seen her thirty-second
birthday before her heart ceased to beat. She was
for more than a quarter of a century a notable fig-
ure in the pastures of Woodbum, refusing to as-
sociate intimately with other mares grazing under
the same trees, and she was the means of swell-
ing, by many thousands of dollars, the revenues
of A. J. Alexander. She was as much of a queen
The Pilot Family 133
among brood mares as her daughter, Maud S.,
was among trotters. Her pedigree at one time
was assailed ; but it was established to the satis-
faction of every reasonable man that her dam,
Sally Russell, was the thoroughbred daughter
of Boston and that her second dam, Maria Rus-
sell, was a celebrated show mare by Thornton's
Rattler.
Waterwitch, bay mare, foaled 1859, and by
Pilot Jr. out of Fanny by Kinkead's St. Law-
rence, second dam Brenda, represented to be
thoroughbred, was another prolific mare. She
was put to breeding at five years old, and pro-
duced 19 foals j;hat lived. Six of these ob-
tained records, — Mambrino Gift, 2.20; Scotland,
2.2o|; Viking, 2.19J; Waterloo, 2.19J; Wave-
let, 2.24^; and Warder, 2.29J. Scotland, who
was gelded, was by the renowned thoroughbred
stallion Bonnie Scotland, imported from Eng-
land, and whose dam. Queen Mary, is one of the
greatest fountains of speed in the English stud
book. This gelding illustrated how speed at one
gait can be utilized at another gait. The sons and
daughters of Waterwitch rank high as producers
of speed. The blood of the old mare is breeding
on with striking force. Tackey, Dahlia, Diana,
134 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Dixie, Crop, and Minerva are other daughters of
Pilot Jr. who are in the list of great brood mares.
Pilot Medium, one of our great sires, from whose
loins came Peter the Great, 2.07J, sire of Sadie
Mac, 2.1 1 J, the winner of the Kentucky Futurity
in 1903, was by Happy Medium out of a daughter
of Pilot Jr.
Tattler, bay horse, foaled in 1863, by Pilot Jr.,
out of Telltale by Telamon, a thoroughbred, inbred
to Medoc by American Eclipse, trotted to a
record of 2.26 in 1868, and produced the two
noted campaign-trotting stallions, Voltaire, 2.20;^,
and Indianapolis, 2.21. He passed to Henry N.
Smith, who bred from him, at Fashion Stud Farm,
the black stallion Rumor, 2.20, a sire of trotters
and producers of trotters, and Slander, 2.28, also
a sire of speed. Dan Mace once had Tattler in
his training stable and liked him, but Mr. Smith
was partial to other strains and the horse was
neglected and wasted away.
CHAPTER XV
MESSENGER AND THE TRIBE OF HAMBLETONIAN
Messenger was a gray horse of 15.3 hands,
somewhat heavy for a thoroughbred, foaled in
1780; bred in England by John Pratt and sired
by Mambrino son of Engineer by Sampson by
Blaze ; dam by Turf ; second dam, sister to Figu-
rante by Regulus ; third dam by Starling ; fourth
dam Snap's dam by Fox; fifth dam Gipsey by
Bay Bolton ; sixth dam by Duke of Newcastle's
Turk ; seventh dam by Byerly Turk ; eighth dam
by Tafifolet Barb; ninth dam by Place's White
Turk; and tenth dam Natural Barb mare.
Through his sire, Mambrino, he traced directly to
Flying Childers and to the Godolphin Arabian.
The foundations of the successful race-horses of
England were his foundations. He was imported
to America to improve the running horses of this
country, and he landed at Philadelphia in 1780.
In England he had won 8 out of 1 3 races, but he
never started on this side of the Atlantic. For
two seasons he held court near Bristol, Penn-
»3S
136 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
sylvania, and then was purchased by Henry
Astor and taken to Long Island. Two years
later Cornelius W. Van Ranst obtained control
of him, and his days were spent in New York
and New Jersey. He died of colic at Oyster
Bay, Long Island, January 28, 1808, aged 28
years, and a volley of musketry was fired over
his grave. The most famous daughter left by
him was the gray mare Miller's Damsel, foaled
in 1802; bred by William Constable of New
York; owned by General Nathaniel Coles,
Dosoris, Long Island ; and dam, an imported
English mare by Pot-8-os, son of the renowned
English Eclipse. She raced well. Her first foal,
1 8 14, was the chestnut colt American Eclipse
by Duroc by imported Diomed by Florizel by
Herod. American Eclipse stands out promi-
nently in the annals of American racing. The
four-mile-heat race for $20,000 a side, the North
against the South, run at Union Course, Long
Island, May 27, 1823, was won by American
Eclipse from Henry, and the multitude of specta-
tors was all night in getting back to their homes.
Distinguished among the sons and daughters of
American Eclipse were Ariel, Lance, Black Maria,
Shark, Medoc, Monmouth Eclipse, and Gano.
The Tribe of Hambletonian 137
Potomac, out of the Figure mare, and Bright
Phoebus, out of a daughter of Pot-8-os, were two
sons of Messenger that met expectations on the
running turf. As attempts were at one time
made to cloud the pedigree of Messenger, I have
given facts from the English and American stud
books for the benefit of the general reader. The
legislature of Pennsylvania passed, soon after
the arrival of Messenger, a law prohibiting rac-
ing with betting, and this reduced the market
for thoroughbreds. Probably this was fortunate
for Messenger's fame as a progenitor of harness
speed. Mares of varying degrees of excellence
were mated with him, and the results made clear
the fact that he was the controlling factor. The
improvement of the roads stimulated driving, and
the trotter steadily grew in favor.
Bishop's Hambletonian
The stud book records as foaled in 1 803 a gray
horse by imported Messenger, dam Pheasant by
imported Shark. This horse was possessed of
bone and substance, stood 15.2, and Herbert
states that he raced with varying degrees of suc-
cess, and as a stallion was distinguished for the
elegance, speed, and endurance of his get, for the
138 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
saddle, harness, and trotting course. He entered
the stud in 18 10, and it was in Orange County
that he sired Whalebone and Sir Peter (trotters)
and the dams of Topgallant and Paul Pry, also
One Eye, dam of Charles Kent Mare, dam of
Rysdyk's Hambletonian. He was used in har-
ness after he was fifteen years old, showing a
high rate of speed, for those days, on the road.
Isaac Bishop of Granville, New York, bought the
stallion in 18 19, and as the Bishop place was near
the Vermont line, seasons were made in both
states. The inclination to trot was strong in the
majority of his foals. Bishop's Hambletonian
was fond of being petted, and Mrs. Bishop often
fed him bread and cake from the kitchen door.
After the death of Isaac Bishop, in 1831, the
horse was taken charge of by his brother, J. M.
Bishop.
Age had told upon the stallion, and Allen W.
Thomson narrates this pathetic incident : " It
was in September, 1833, that the gate to his yard
was left open and he walked out and started for
his old home, it being about two miles. He had
to go through the village of Granville, and as he
passed the cry was raised, ' There goes old Ham-
bletonian,' and the boys gave him a cheer. He
The Tribe of Hafnbletotiian 139
knew what it meant, as he had heard it before.
He stopped, looked around, and whinnied, and
then went on. When he got to his old home he
stopped at the door where he had been so often fed.
Mrs. Bishop fed him again with bread and cakes.
Then he went for his old stable. The door being
shut, he lay down close by. They soon saw that
he was unwell, and in spite of all they could do
he died in six hours. It was believed that the
exertion of walking home together with the pleas-
ure of getting home caused his death. He was
buried eight rods from his stable and a stone
placed over his grave."
Harrises Hambletonian
In 1826 Isaac Munson of Wallingford, Ver-
mont, took a spotted gray mare, a fine driver,
said to be a daughter of Messenger, to Granville
and bred her to Bishop's Hambletonian, and the
result was a gray colt, foaled in 1827, that has
passed into history as Harris's Hambletonian;
his number in the Register is 2. This gray colt,
when two years old, was bred to six mares and
then passed through different hands to Russell
Harris of Bristol, Vermont. He was sometimes
called Bristol Gray and sometimes Harris's horse.
I40 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
He was a large, powerful horse, of nearly i6 hands
and weighed 1 200 pounds. He was a light step-
per and was difficult to pass on the road. There
were no tracks in his neighborhood, and he was
not trained. He was a resolute horse and of
a kind disposition when justly treated. Charles
Backman was a great admirer of the Harris
Hambletonian stock, and when he laid the foun-
dations of Stony Ford the gray mare Rosa Lee,
that he had driven many miles on the road, ap-
peared in his first catalogue as a brood mare.
She was by the Harris Horse. Gray Rose, dam
of Cuyler, also appeared in the catalogue. She
stood 15.2 and was a gray daughter of Harris's
Hambletonian. The two trotters from Harris's
Hambletonian were Green Mountain Maid, 2.28^,
and Lady Shannon, 2.28^. His only pacer was
Hero, a gray gelding, 2.20^. The gray mare
Son tag, 2.31, who defeated Flora Temple once,
was by Harris's Hambletonian, out of a daughter
of Nicholas by Alexander, an Arabian. She was
the dam of Toronto Sontag, sire of the great
brood mare Sontag Dixie; also sire of Sontag
Nellie, dam of the celebrated producing mare
Sontag Mohawk. The gray gelding Vermont,
two miles 5.09J, and Gray Trouble, 2.34 to saddle,
The Tribe of Hatnbletonian 141
were sons of Harris's H amble tonian, who died of
an injury in December, 1846.
Judson's Hambletonian was a brown horse,
foaled in 1821, by Bishop's Hambletonian, dam
by Wells's Magnum Bonum. He stood 1 5.2, and
it is represented that he could trot 12 miles
within an hour. He died in 1844, and his mem-
ory is preserved by his son, Andrus Hamble-
tonian, a brown horse foaled about 1840 and
taken to Muscatine, Iowa, in the winter of 1855-
1856, and who died there in 1858. He was
a bay of nearly 1 5.3 hands, but was not so much
appreciated in Vermont as he should have been.
He was the sire of the famous trotting mare
Princess, 2.30, the earnest rival of Flora Temple,
and who, in her retirement, gave birth, in 1863,
to the distinguished sire of trotters, Happy
Medium. In the latter the wonderfully potent
blood of Messenger was reunited through
Hambletonian, the sire of Happy Medium.
Mambrino, sire of Messenger, was a gray horse
of lofty appearance, and he laid in England the
foundation of some of the finest coach horses
ever raised there. He was bred by John Atkin-
son of Scholes near Leeds, England, foaled in
1768; by Engineer, dam by Old Cadde; second
142 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
dam by the Duke of Bolton's gray horse Little
John, son of Old Partner. He passed from Mr.
Atkinson to Lord Grosvenor and won his first
race at Newmarket in 1773. In another race
at Newmarket he beat Florizel by Herod,
one of the best horses of his day. He
raced until 1779, the year he fell lame while
running in the Craven Stakes, when he was re-
tired to the stud. Only two of Mambrino's get
were imported to this country. One was Mes-
senger and the other was a chestnut mare, Mam-
brina, foaled in 1875, bred by Lord Grosvenor
and imported into South Carolina in 1787.
Among her produce was Eliza by imported Bed-
ford, who, bred to Sir Archy, produced Bertrand,
sire of Gray Eagle, whose blood is a factor in a
number of trotters of merit. One of the great
races of the period was that at the Washington
course, Charleston, South Carolina, February 25,
1826. It was three-mile heats, and four heats
were required to decide the matter. Bertrand
demonstrated his gameness by winning from
Aratus and Creeping Kate. In Kentucky Ber-
trand stood high as a sire. I draw attention to
the racing career of Bertrand for the purpose of
conveying to the reader an idea of the form of
The Tribe of Hambletonian 143
the descendants of the daughter of Messenger.
American Eclipse, the son of Miller's Damsel,
was not the only worthy representative of Mes-
senger on the running turf. The corner-stones
of the English thoroughbred structure are the
Byerly Tiirk, the Godolphin Arabian, and the
Darley Arabian. Herod, Matchem, and Eclipse
were the live lines descending from these, and
the intermingling of the strains has given us
the grandest specimens of the equine race. In
breeding for harness speed we must keep track
of the live lines, just as men of judgment and
experience do in breeding for speed under the
saddle. Sir Archy, who was called the Godol-
phin of America, has made his influence felt in
trotting evolution through his sons, Kosciusko,
Stockholder, and Timoleon, the latter the sire
of Boston, the sire of Lexington.
Abdallah
Lewis G. Morris bred a mare by imported
Sour Crout to Messenger, and the produce in
1806 was a bay colt who developed into a horse
of 16 hands and is known to history as Mam-
brino. He was never trained in harness, but
was a natural trotter. Betsy Baker, the fastest
144 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
mare of her day, was sired by him. Amazonia,
a snappy chestnut mare of 15.3 hands, showing
quality but of untraced blood, and who could
trot close to 2.50, was bred to Mambrino, and
the outcome was Abdallah, whose registered
number is i. He was bred by Johil Tredwell
of Salisbury Place, Long Island, was foaled in
1823, and developed into a bay horse of 15.3.
As a four-year-old he trotted a mile in 3.10, but
was not kind in harness and was principally
used under saddle. He made seasons on Long
Island, in New Jersey, and in Orange County,
and spent 1840 in the Blue-grass Region of
Kentucky. In 1830 he passed to Isaac Snediker,
and after many changes of fortune died of starva-
tion and neglect on a Long Island beach and
was buried in the sand. It is sad to think of a
horse through whom was directly transmitted
the charmed blood of Messenger ending his
days in an atmosphere of cold unappreciation.
But such is often the fate of modest merit. The
winning performers of Abdallah are Ajax, 2.37-s;
Brandywine, 2.36-s; Brooklyn Maid, 2.38; Fourth
of July, 2.40; Frank Forrester, 2.30; Lady Ful-
ton, 2.59! ; O'Blennis, 2.30; Selim, 2.32^; and Sir
Walter, 2.27. Only three of these trotted in
RYSDYK'S HAMBLET0N1AN
The Great Trolling; Progenilor.
MAMBRINO CHIEF
The Tribe of Hambletonian 145
2.30 or better, but prior to 1861 a 240 horse
was regarded as standing high above the average.
The Charles Kent Mare was a bay of 15.3 hands,
foaled in 1834, with powerful stifles, and as a
four-year-old trotted a mile under saddle in 2.41.
She was by Bellfounder, a Norfolk trotter of
15 hands, imported from England to Boston,
Massachusetts, in 1822, by James Boot Im-
ported Bellfounder was foaled in 181 5, and the
blood of his sire, Bellfounder, is at the founda-
tion of the hackney breed. One Eye, a determined
brown mare of 15.1, by Bishop's Hamble-
tonian (son of Messenger), out of Silvertail, a
hardy brown mare by Messenger, was the dam
of the Charles Kent Mare, who found a happy
nick in Abdallah.
Rysdyk's Hambletonian
The fruit of this union was a bay colt, foaled
May 5, 1849, ^t Sugar Loaf, near Chester,
Orange County, New York. This colt, when
five weeks old, was purchased from the breeder,
Jonas Seely, by a plain farmer with a lean pocket-
book. The price named for mare and colt was
$125, and the farmer, William M. Rysdyk, sat
on the top rail of a fence and pondered for some
146 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
time the vital question. The outlay would em-
barrass him if the mare or colt should die. He
finally said Yes, and mother and son were taken
to Chester. The bay colt, with star and hind
ankles white, grew into a powerful horse of 15.2
and was named Hambletonian. His head was
large and expressive, his neck rather short, his
shoulders and quarters massive, and his legs
broad and flat His triple line to thoroughbred
Messenger, over the substance-imparting cross of
Bellfounder, gave us the greatest progenitor of
harness speed that the world has yet seen. £jq>e-
rience shows that for stock purposes you want a
horse with masculine head and neck. After the
Civil War I was a frequent visitor to Blue Grass
Park, the refined home of A. Keene Richards,
near Georgetown, Kentucky, where Arabs direct
from the desert and native horses grazed in the
pastures, and more than once my attention was
called to the strong points of War Dance, then
treated with studious neglect by some of the
breeders of the country. *' He has not the deli-
cate head of the Arab or a tapering neck, but I
like him all the better for this. His strong head
and lionlike neck and shoulders are suggestive of
constitution, and if you live long enough you
The Tribe of Hamhletonian 147
will find the descendants of War Dance in great
demand.** Mr. Richards read the future aright
Lexington, the sire of War Dance, earned the
title of Emperor of Stallions, and War Dance him-
self, who was out of Reel by imported Glencoe,
ranks second to Lexington as a sire of brood
mares. His blood is now valued highly in a
pedigree. Lexington, like imported Diomed, Sir
Archy, Boston, and other renowned thoroughbred
stallions, was inbred. He was by Boston, grandson
of Sir Archy, by imported Diomed, and his dam,
Alice Cameal, was by imported Sarpedon (inbred
to Eclipse) ; second dam Rowena by Sumpter by
Sir Archy. The inbreeding of Hamhletonian
helped him to transmit desirable qualities from
generation to generation. As a two-year-old
Hamhletonian spent nuptial hours with four
mares, one of which was Katy Darling, dam of
Alexander's Abdallah. In this one case the
early wedding was the happiest that could be
conceived. Hamhletonian was driven on the
road as a three-year-old, and David Bonner, who
sat behind him, tells me that his stride was
lengthy, but not dwelling; head large but good,
with splendid eyes; body round and full and he
stood somewhat higher behind than forward ;
148 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
disposition kind, and a prompt driver; faultless
legs and feet and remarkable intelligence and
docility. As a three-year-old Hambletonian
trotted a mile over Union Course in 24&J, and
Mr. Bonner is firm in the belief that he would
have beaten 2.30 with regular training. In the
stud Hambletonian gave proof of sterling merit
and vitality. The appended table tersely tells the
story : —
Year
Age
Mares Bred
Foals
Fes
1851
3
4
3
$0
1852
3
17
13
25
1853
4
lOI
78
25
1854
5
88
62
35
1855
6
89
64
35
1856
7
87
64
35
1857
8
87
63
35
1858
9
72
54
35
1859
10
95
66
35
i860
II
106
72
35
1861
12
98
68
35
1862
13
158
III
35
1863
14
150
92
75
1864
15
217
148
100
1865
16
193
128
300
1866
17
105
75
500
1867
18
72
42
500
1869
20
22
18
500
1870
21
22
16
500
1871
22
30
26
500
1872
23
30
24
500
The Tribe of Hambletonian 149
The addition shows 1287 foals by Hamble-
tonian and service fees amounting to $185,715.
The first time I saw Hambletonian was in 1866,
at a fair in Orange County. The stallion was in
the enjoyment of great fame, and Mr. Rysdyk was
pleased to show him to me. Charles L. Sharp-
less of Philadelphia soon after this sent me a
photograph which he had had taken of Hamble-
tonian, with a request to reproduce it in the
Tur/^ Fields and Farm. Knowing Mr. Sharpless
to be a friend of Mr. Rysdyk and his stallion, I
complied with the request and gave mortal
offence to the illiterate farmer. The camera had
caught the stallion with his ears thrown back, and
this was something that Mr. Rysdyk did not like.
The outline of the horse was excellent. Rysdyk
complained to his friend, David Bonner, about the
picture, and messages were sent back and forth.
Two years later I went with Mr. Bonner to Mr.
Rysdyk's house, on invitation of the latter, and
spent the night and was royally treated. The
old gentleman had been made to see the error
of his artistic judgment, and the best of the cel-
lar was set before us. Rysdyk knew nothing of
art, and every one who painted the stallion had
to comply, as far as possible, with his direc-
1 50 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
tions. This is the reason why so many pictures
of wooden images dubbed Hambletonian found
their way to the market Dexter by Hambleto-
nian, out of Clara by Seely's American Star, began
his sensational turf career in May, 1864, ^^^ ^
he steadily advanced to the throne, the reputa-
tion of his sire grew in proportion. Mr. David
Bonner had difficulty in persuading Mr. Rysdyk,
in the spring of 1863, to advance the fee of the
stallion to $100. After that the spirit of greed
grew in the owner, and the fee quickly climbed
to $500. Charles Backman, Robert Bonner, and
Dexter were mainly responsible for the fever
which kept the fee of Hambletonian at 1(500
up to the day of his death, which occurred March
27, 1876. In 1868 Hambletonian was in such
poor health that he was withdrawn from public
service. Mr. Robert Bonner paid a visit to
Chester at this time and found the feet of the
stallion in bad condition. Under his direction
the feet were balanced and vigor was regained.
The entire nervous system is deranged when the
delicate machinery inside the horny box, as Mr.
Bonner called the covering of the foot, is cramped,
and impairment of vitality necessarily follows.
Mr. Rysdyk, with the wildest dreams of his bar-
The Tribe of Hatnbletanian 151
ren youth realized, died before Hambletonian did ;
but the horse will carry his name far down the
walks of time. The 2.1 7J of Dexter at Buffalo,
August 14, 1867, was presumed to be the limit of
trotting speed, and people ambitious to excel
each other on the road and track turned eagerly
to the source of that speed. Those who had
favored the Morgan type suddenly discovered
that this type was physically small and of mod-
erate capacity at the trot, and there were whole-
sale desertions from the standard. The sons of
Hambletonian invaded New England, and thou-
sands were taught to undervalue the family
founded by Justin Morgan. But time brought
the conviction that the Morgan foundation was
the foundation for Hambletonian to build upon,
and intelligent opinion again does justice to
the son of True Briton, bom in 1789.
The forty trotters sired by Rysdyk's Hamble-
tonian include Dexter, 2.17J; Nettie, 2.18; Orange
Girl, 2.20; Gazelle, 2,21 ; Jay Gould, 2.21^; George
Wilkes, 2.22; Bella, 2.22; Deucalion, 2.22; Mat-
tie, 2.22 J; Lady Banker, 2.23; and Madeleine,
2.2 3 J. It was not so much the speed of his sons
and daughters as their ability to transmit speed
which placed Hambletonian on the summit of the
mountain.
CHAPTER XVI
PREPOTENT SONS OF HAMBLETONIAN, INCLUDING
GEORGE WILKES
Alexanders Abdullah
The first of Hambletonian's get, Alexander's
Abdallah, registered number 15, was out of a
crippled mare, Katy Darling, who had shown
speed on the road but whose pedigree was never
traced. Lewis J. Sutton, in whose hands Katy
Darling fell, and who carried her to Chester and
bred her to the two-year-old colt owned by Mr,
Rysdyk, wrote me a number of letters concerning
her ancestry when the subject was being warmly
debated by the horse-loving public years ago, and
I accepted his conclusion that her lineage was
unknown. August 27, 1852, Alexander's Abdal-
lah was foaled, and when 1 7 months old the bay
colt was sold by Mr. Sutton to E. Hoyt and
Seely Edsall of Goshen, New York. The sole
ownership of the youngster was soon vested
in Mr. Edsall, and he placed him in the stud in
15a
Prepotent Sons of Hambletonian 153
1856, and one of his foals of the season was Gold-
smith Maid, 2.14. In February, 1859, James
Miller and Joel Love paid $3000 for Edsall's
Hambletonian and took him to Cynthiana, Ken-
tucky. In 1862 the horse was purchased by
R. A. Alexander of Woodbum Farm, and from
that time forward he was known as Alexander's
Abdallah. The Federal and Confederate armies
were then contending for the control of Kentucky,
and peaceful industries were heavily handicapped.
In February, 1865, Alexander's Abdallah was
captured by a guerilla band, and ridden so hard
that he died of exhaustion. His sire outlived him
II years. The monument over the grave at
Chester, a solid block of red Missouri granite,
briefly informs the passer-by that Rysdyk's Ham-
bletonian died March 27, 1876, aged 26 years,
10 months, and 22 days. Alexander's Abdallah
stood 1 5. 1 and was a compact horse with a long
neck. His only race was a match against the
stallion Albion, trotted at Lexington in i860.
Albion was distanced in the first heat, and the
time was 2.42. Katy Darling, who died in Iowa,
produced one other foal, a chestnut colt by
Hector, who was gelded, and who for want of
merit or opportunity remained obscure. If the
154 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
days of Alexander's Abdallah had been prolonged
as were those of his sire, the chances are that his
reputation would have been equal to that of any
trotting stallion that ever lived. His daughter,
Goldsmith Maid, foaled in 1857, was a great cam-
paign mare. She became queen when she beat
the 2.1 7j of Dexter, and for 12 consecutive
years she was the admired of the public. Two
other famous trotters from the loins of Alexan-
der's Abdallah were Rosalind, 2.2 if, and Thorn-
dale, 2.2 2 J. Fourteen of the sons of Alexander's
Abdallah are recognized sires of speed. Con-
spicuous among these are Almont, Belmont,
Wood's Hambletonian, Thorndale, and Major
Edsall. The latter sired Robert McGregor, 2. 1 7^,
the sire of the champion trotting stallion, Cres-
ceus. Minnequa Maid, dam of four trotters,
including Nightingale, 2.08, was a daughter of
Wood's Hambletonian. Twenty-nine of the
daughters of Alexander's Abdallah are speed-
producing dams. One of these, Maud, is the
dam of Attorney, sire of Atlanta, dam of Alix,
who by virtue of her 2.03^ supplanted Nancy
Hanks as queen of the trotting turf. Favorite,
another daughter, is the dam of the two producing
sires, Bourbon Wilkes, 96 in the list, and Favorite
Prepotent Softs of Hambletonian 155
Wilkes, 31 in the list Primrose, dam of six
trotters, of ten sires of speed, including Princeps
and Abdalbrino, and of two producing dams, was
one of the greatest daughters of Alexander's
Abdallah. The trotting descendants of Primrose
are as numerous as the wild flowers of a valley
sheltered from cold winds and bathed in sunshine.
Lady Abdallah was another celebrated daughter
of Alexander's Abdallah.
Belmont and Almont
Belmont, bay horse of 15.1, foaled May 18,
1864, by Alexander's Abdallah out of Belle by
Mambrino Chief, showed a 2.20 gait at a trot over
the Woodburn track, but was reserved for the
stud and died November 13, 1889, without a
record. Fifty-nine of his sons and daughters have
standard records ; 74 of his sons are sires of speed,
and 68 of his daughters are dams of speed.
Almont, bay horse of 15.2^, foaled in the spring
of 1864; by Alexander's Abdallah, dam Sally
Anderson by Mambrino Chief, was also without
a 2.30 record, he having been reserved for the
stud. As a four-year-old, he distanced his only
competitor in 2.39!. He died July 4, 1884, and
left behind him a powerful family. He has 37
156 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
in the list, only two of which are pacers, and
among his 96 producing sons are Altamont,
Hamlin's Almont Jr., and Piedmont. His pro-
ducing daughters number 80.
George Wilkes
Although George Wilkes was four years
younger than Alexander's Abdallah, being foaled
in 1856, he founded a much more powerful family.
His life was longer, and that was greatly to his
advantage. Dolly Spanker, a mare possessed of
excellent road qualities, was sent in 1855 by her
owner, Harry Felter of New York, to Chester
and bred to Hambletonian. The result was a
brown colt, reared by hand on account of the
early death of her mother, and named Robert
Fillingham. Z. E. Simmons purchased him as a
three-year-old, and he was carried on the books
of Simmons Brothers as the property of Will-
iam L. Simmons. Although he stood but 15
hands, he was the embodiment of power, and was
raced with great success. He made his first
start as a five-year-old, and he defeated in the 2 1
races won by him such horses as Commodore
Vanderbilt, Lady Thorn, General Butler, Confi-
dence, Ethan Allen, Fearnaught, Draco Prince,
GEORGE WILKES
The Chief of i Fowarful Trtb.
ELECTIONEER
The Held o( » Creit TroiLlng
Prepotent Sons of Hambletonian 157
Rhode Island, Lucy, American Girl, and M3rron
Perry, His record of 2.22 was made at Provi-
dence, October 13, 1868. As he was small and
his hind action was called ducklike, there was no
irrepressible desire to breed to him in the East,
and in 1873 W. H. Wilson persuaded the Sim-
mons Brothers to send him to Kentucky. The
mares that visited him in the Blue-grass District
nicked wel! with him, and the boom methods of
William L. Simmons did the rest. When the
stud reputation of the brown " pony " began to
grow, an eflfort was made to establish the pedigree
of Dolly Spanker as by Henry Clay. Reams of
paper were spoiled in the discussion, and I was
thick in the fight. Mr. Felter, the Messrs. Sim-
mons, and others in a position to know insisted
that the lines of Dolly Spanker could not be
traced, and this was the decision of the American
Trotting Register Association. Mr. Simmons
often regretted that he had dropped the name of
Fillingham for George Wilkes, because the man
whom he sought to honor by the change proved
an ingrate. Trotters and paoers from George
Wilkes followed each other in such rapid succes-
sion that all the horse-loving world fixed its eyes
upon the modest quarters that the brown stallion
158 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
occupied near Lexington. Thousands sang his
praises, and the literature sent out by William L.
Simmons fed the excitement. May Bird, 2.21,
was the first prominent produce of George Wilkes,
and she died without issue on the farm of Robert
Bonner. Harry Wilkes, who took a record of
2.13^, was a star performer, but was succeeded by
stars of greater magnitude. George Wilkes died
at Ashgrove Farm, May 28, 1882, and his roll of
honor consists of 72 trotters and 1 1 pacers, and
sub-families of speed scattered over the entire
country. Among the 102 speed-begetting sons
of George Wilkes are Baron Wilkes, Alcantara,
Alcyone, Bourbon Wilkes, Brown Wilkes, Jay
Bird, Kentucky Wilkes, Onward, Patchen Wilkes,
Red Wilkes, Simmons, Wilton, Wilkes Boy,
Gambetta Wilkes, The King, and Sherman. At
one period the ownership of a good stallion by
George Wilkes was equivalent to a generous
income from government bonds. Ninety-nine of
the daughters of George Wilkes are speed-pro-
ducing dams. In all directions the blood breeds
on, and the family will survive coming genera-
tions. After I had begun this history Mr. William
L. Simmons, who is now breeding and racing
runners instead of trotters, sent me a few notes
Prepotent Sons of Hambletonian 159
from Ashgrove Farm, which I reproduce: "After
Lady Thorn defeated Dexter, Mr, Relf proposed
two matches with George Wilkes saying, ' Sim-
mons, let's you and I make a couple of matches.
I know you think the brown horse can beat my
mare and I think she can beat your horse.* We
made one to harness and one to wagon to be
trotted a week apart. On the day of the first
race McLaughlin, who had trained both the mare
and the horse (having softening of the brain.
Crooks took Wilkes in charge, and Peg Pfeifer
drove the big mare) walked up to us and says :
* Well, old man, you have matched the old mare
against the little horse.' *Yes,' says Mr. Relf.
• What do you think of it, Sam ? ' ' Think of it,'
replied Sam, • Mr. Relf, if that little horse is any-
where near himself, he will make you think the
sun has gone down. Mr. Relf, you tie one of
them coal cables around the little horse's sulky
and the other end around that big mare's neck,
and he will choke her to death.* George Wilkes
won both races in straight heats, trotting the
fastest wagon race up to that time. While a trot
was in progress at Fashion track. Long Island,
and the people all interested in the contest, we
sneaked Wilkes over to the old Centreville track.
i6o The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
then out of use and somewhat grass-grown, and
gave him a repeat, Horace Jones up. He went
the first mile comfortably in 2.19^ and the next
in 2.18J; after walking 12 minutes without being
unhooked. After cooling him out we drove
back to Fashion Course and got there before the
trot was over without our absence being noticed.
After the last heat a number of gentlemen ad-
joined to the bar on Jackson Avenue. Just as
we reached the room Bill Cunningham led Wilkes
(then Robert Fillingham) from the highway and
around the corner of the house in full view of
everybody. Sam McLaughlin shouts, * You've
been trying the little horse. TU bet I can come
within one second of how well he went.' I re-
plied, * Not for a basket,' and he said * Yes, for a
basket,' and fixed 2.33 as the mark. * You win,
Sam. You must have gone to guessing school.
Joe, set up the wine.' A few days after we
matched him against the then king of turf, Ethan
Allen, and the result is now biography — Wilkes
won with consummate ease. Ethan was favorite
at about 100 to 30 at first, but before the start
the brown horse was 100 to 60. There was a
world of money bet.
" Sam McLaughlin drove George Wilkes two
Prepotent Sans of Hambletonian i6i
miles over Union Course, Long Island, in 444 so
easily that on dismounting he picked up his fore-
foot, spat on the shoe, which was so hot that it
sizzled as if at white heat and suddenly dropped
into water, declaring that he never moved him and
could drive him two miles in 4.36 or 4.37 sure.
" George Wilkes worked a half-mile over the
Union (Long Island) Course in 1.04 to a 120-
pound wagon.
" He worked a quarter of a mile from the half
to the three-quarter pole in 29 seconds, Mr. Relf,
Wesley Bishop, and myself timing him. This
was done to 85-pound wagon.
" He went from the stand on the Union to the
drawgate to a wagon (85 pounds) in 1.44, when
he was pulled up and finished the mile in a
walk in 2.18.
"All this was 40 years ago, over ground at
least 10 seconds slower than tracks of to-day,
with old methods of training, shoeing, etc., and
without the aid of the delusive and deceptive
bike. If alive and fit to-day, George Wilkes
would defeat every horse in the world easily.
Compare ground 10 seconds, shoeing and train-
ing 3 or 4 seconds, and the bike from 4 to 20
seconds, according to the horse, and we must
1 62 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
conclude that the equal of George Wilkes ia
speed has not yet appeared. As a sire he will
never be approached."
The transfer of George Wilkes from New York
to Kentucky gave him the benefit of a climatic
outcross, but just how much merit there is in
this cross belongs more to the realm of specula-
tion than to demonstrated fact. Some breeds of
domestic animals have more power to accommo-
date themselves to climatic conditions than others,
which shows higher plasticity in organism; and
when such is the case there is generally an in-
crease in size and vitality. Constitution is affected
by the change when artificial conditions are not
introduced, and food has its influence. The
mares sent to Ashgrove from distant states usu-
ally ran in woodland pastures and were nourished
by blue-grass. George Wilkes himself had the
advantage of a large paddock, and his stable was
liberally ventilated. The change from training
environment evidently added to his vigor, and
freedom from artificial restraint improved the
mares at his court. I have long believed in the
climatic outcross, and yet when reasons are de-
manded that will satisfy the sceptical it is diffi-
cult to give them. C. J. Hamlin was one of the
Prepotent Sans of Hambletonian 163
men who underrated the ability of George Wilkes.
His contention was that the vitality-sapping race
campaigns had weakened his power of transmis-
sion. He overlooked the fact that change of
climate and complete relaxation had restored the
vitality used up in the training stable. August
Weismann tells us that the most active birds
have long lives. The stormy petrel lays only a
single egg once a year, because through wonder-
ful activity the species can be preserved without
resort to large families. Jungle fowls that fly
badly lay about 20 eggs each. The track horse
certainly leads an active life, and the devel-
opment of gait enables him to transmit with a
higher degree of uniformity the acquired or in-
tensified character. The use of an organ increases
and the disuse of it decreases its capacity. While
germ cells to a degree limit growth, we obtain
size by an increase of nourishment from genera-
tion to generation. Haeckel's theory 7>i reproduc-
tion is that it is an overgrowth of an individual
— that heredity is simply a continuity of growth.
The trotting brain, the trotting instinct, of George
Wilkes was certainly duplicated in his progeny,
and therefore there was continuity of growth in
this direction.
1 64 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Red Wilkes, bay horse, foaled in 1874, and by
George Wilkes out of Queen Dido by Mambrino
Chief, she out of a daughter of Red Jacket by
Billy Root by Sherman Morgan, was a large
horse and not free from coarseness, although he
had a finish-giving cross from Justin Morgan.
He was trained comparatively little, and yet he
is one (rf the greatest producing sons of the
founder of the Wilkes family. The fastest of
his 1 24 trotters was Ralph Wilkes, who took a
record of 2.o6f before death claimed him at
Maplehurst, the breeding farm of Colonel John E.
Thayer ; but the sensational campaign horse was
Prince Wilkes, 2.14^, who died in South America
after George A. Singerly had received $30,cxx>
for him. A sensational young trotter was Phil
Thompson, 2.16^. Among the 46 pacers by Red
Wilkes is Ithuriel, 2.09^. Ashland Wilkes, 2. 17 J,
ranks high among the 98 producing sons of Red
Wilkes. He is the sire of both trotters and
pacers, his fastest pacer being John R. Gentry,
2.00}. Allie Wilkes is another great producing
son of Red Wilkes. His fastest trotter is Jupe,
2.07J, and his fastest pacer is Arlington, 2jo6\.
Of the daughters of Red Wilkes 91 are speed-
producing dams.
Prepotent Sons of Hambletonian 165
Kentucky Wilkes, by George Wilkes, out of
Minna by Red Jacket, a grandson of Sherman
Morgan, she out of Undine by Gray Eagle, is the
same age as Red Wilkes, but a horse of different
pattern. He is a wiry, nervous horse, with the
head and neck of an Arab, and legs of steel. He
was severely campaigned and retired with a trot-
ting record of 2.21 J. With restricted opportuni-
ties in the stud, he is the sire of two trotters with
records faster than 2.1 1, — Bravado, 2.10^, and
Temple Wilkes, 2.1 of. The fast pacer. Crafty,
2.09^, is also by him. Chain Shot, 2.o6|, is out
of a daughter of Kentucky Wilkes. At this writ-
ing Kentucky Wilkes is still living like one done
with the exciting problems of life, at Marshland,
the breeding farm of ex-Secretary of the Navy
Benjamin F. Tracy.
Onward was a bay horse, foaled in 1875 ; bred
by Richard West of Georgetown, Kentucky, and
by George Wilkes out of Dolly by Mambrino
Chief. He trotted to a record of 2.2 5 J and was
what you might call heavy-handed. I remember
when he came into the show ring at the great St
Louis Fair. His action was somewhat strained,
and I suggested to my associate judge that we
examine his feet. The moment we lifted up the
1 66 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
fore foot we discovered that he was shod to force
action. The shoe must have weighed close to
three pounds. On another occasion Onward was
brought before me, and when the decision was in
favor of Jay Gould, a highly formed and well-bal-
anced horse with a ^ster record, Colonel R. P.
Pepper, then the owner of the son of Dolly, was
bitterly disappointed. An afiFront to his horse
was an affront to him. No horse, during the
time he was owned by Colonel Pepper, was ever
more pushed than Onward; and yet he proved
his greatness. He is the sire of 1 36 trotters, in-
cluding Beuzetta, 2.o6f, and Onward Silver, 2.05^;
also of 46 pacers, among them Pearl Onward,
2.06^, Gazette, 2.07J, and Colbert, 2.07J. One
hundred and seven sons of Onward are sires of
speed, and 80 of his daughters are dams of speed.
Alcantara, bay horse, foaled in 1876, and his
brother Alcyone, one year younger, were out of
Alma Mater by Mambrino Patchen, she out of
Estella, thoroughbred daughter of imported Aus-
tralian, and the blood combination was the reverse
of a handicap. Alcantara trotted to a record of
2.23 previous to being taken to the Berkshire
Hills, where he was energetically managed, and
he is the sire of 104 trotters and 47 pacers, and of
Prepotent Sons of Hambletonian 167
48 producing sons and 35 producing daughters.
So many of the get of Alcantara were pacers as
to strengthen the belief that the two gaits are
interchangeable, especially when the trainer is
easy-going and allows the horse to choose his
own way of progression. Alcyone was a smaller
but better balanced horse than Alcantara and had
more speed, although he did not obtain so fast a
record. He died young and yet left a great
reputation for his chances in the stud. Three of
his 50 trotters have records better than 2.10, —
Martha Wilkes, 2.08 ; Bush, 2.09^ ; and Harrietta,
2.09^. The fastest of his nine pacers is Alcyo,
2.10. Among the 48 producing sons of Alcyone
are Quartermaster, McKinney, and Dark Night.
Twenty-two of his daughters are dams of speed.
There was no antagonism between the blood of
George Wilkes and that of Alma Mater. When
parents bear some resemblance to each other,
when kindred influences act in conjunction,
potency in transmission is secured.
Guy Wilkes, a bay horse, foaled in 1879, dam
Lady Bunker, by Mambrino Patchen, was wor-
shipped from afar in the palmy days of San
Mateo Stock Farm. He had trotted to a record
of 2.15^ and had sired early speed, and visitors to
i68 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
California from the Eastern states caught the
fever and proclaimed him the best son of George
Wilkes. When William Corbitt closed out his
stud and Guy Wilkes found a home east of the
Rocky Mountains, enthusiasm over him abated.
Among the 71 trotters sired by him are Fred
Kohl, 2.07^; Huldah, 2.08^; and Lesa Wilkes,
2.09. The fastest of his eight pacers is Seymour
Wilkes, 2.08^. The blood of Guy Wilkes is
going forward through 30 producing sons and 18
producing daughters. One of the sons, Nutwood
Wilkes, is the sire of John A. McKerron, 2.04^.
The stallions by George Wilkes which were
prominent at Ashgrove after the death of their
sire were Jay Bird, a roan of 16 hands, dam
Lady Frank by Mambrino Star, son of Mambrino
Chief; William L., a bay of 15.3, dam Lady
Bunker by Mambrino Patchen, second dam Lady
Dunn by Seely's American Star; and Young Jim,
a handsome bay of 1 5.3^, dam by Lear's Sir Will-
iam by Howard's Sir Charles. Jay Bird is the
sire of 82 trotters and six pacers, and one of the
trotters is Allerton, 2.09J, a prolific sire of speed.
He is the best of the 27 producing sons of Jay
Bird, who has 27 producing dams. William L.,
the brother of Guy Wilkes, won highest honors
Prepotent Sons of Hamhletonian 169
as the sire of Axtell, who trotted as a three-
year-old to a record of 2.12, and who was sold
on the strength of the performance for $105,000.
Axtell has contributed shoals of trotters to the
list, and his blood is breeding on as forcibly as
that of Allerton. Trevillian, 2.08J, exported to
Europe, is the fastest of the 46 performers by
Young Jim. The blood of this horse also shows
vigor through his sons and daughters.
Gambetta Wilkes by George Wilkes, dam by
Gill's Vermont, a direct descendant of Justin
Morgan, is the sire of 58 trotters and 59 pacers,
a number of which have shown extreme speed.
Behind the blood of George Wilkes and Justin
Morgan is thoroughbred blood, and experience
shows that this race-horse blood gives speed at
either gait in harness. The tendency to pace is
largely due to conformation. The King, one of
the handsomest horses ever seen in a show ring
or on the track, was a brother of Gambetta
Wilkes, and he sired more than four times as
many trotters as pacers. H. M. Whitehead,
owner of The King, was partial to the trotter and
insisted that the sons and daughters of his horse
should be trained to trot. This probably reduced
the pacing average.
170 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Wilton and Simmons are two other great pro-
ducing sons of George Wilkes, but Baron Wilkes
is the greatest living representative of the founder
of the powerful family. He was foaled in 1882,
trotted to a record of 2.18, and on the death of
Ralph Wilkes was purchased by Colonel John E.
Thayer and transferred from Kentucky to Maple-
hurst Farm, Lancaster, Massachusetts. He is the
sire of 83 trotters and 21 pacers, and of 30 sires
and 26 dams of speed. Three of his trotters and
six of his pacers have records of better than 2.10.
Making extreme speed the test, Oakland Baron
is the greatest producing son of Baron Wilkes.
He is owned at Hudson River Stock Farm by
Jacob Ruppert, and is the sire of Rhythmic, 2.06^ ;
Baron de Shay, 2.08^; and Gail Hamilton, 2.1 1|.
Wilton, 2.19J, by George Wilkes, out of Alley
(dam of Albert France, 2.20J, and Alley Rus-
sell, 2.23^) by Hambletonian, second dam Lady
Griswold by Flying Morgan, is strong in founda-
tion blood, and among his fast produce are Will
Leyburn, 2.07 J; Vera Capel, 2.07^; Bessie Wil-
ton, 2.09J; Rubber, 2.10; and Moquette, 2.10.
Doubling the blood of Hambletonian and back-
ing it up with the blood of Justin Morgan worked
well in the case of Wilton.
Prepotent Sons of Hamhletonian 171
Messenger Duroc
When Charles Backman started to make Stony
Ford the greatest trotting nursery of the country
he put more faith in Messenger Duroc than any
other stallion on the place. This rangy bay horse
stood 16 hands, was foaled in 1865 and was by
Rysdyk's Hamhletonian, dam Satinet by Roe's
Abdallah Chief (he by Abdallah son of Mambrino
out of a daughter of Philips by Duroc) ; second
dam Catbird by Whistle Jacket (son of Mambrino
by Messenger out of a daughter of American
Eclipse) ; third dam Lyon mare by Bertholf Horse
by Messenger ; and fourth dam by Duroc by im-
ported Diomed. It was an attractive pedigree,
and Messenger Duroc was of commanding ap-
pearance with bold trotting action. One of his
weaknesses wds gummy legs, and it was trans-
mitted. Early speed came from Messenger Duroc,
and for a time he was quite the fashion. His
admirers even pointed to him as the successor of
Hamhletonian. But his sons and daughters, on
account of leg infirmity, did not stand up to the
severe work of long campaigns, and he fell into
disfavor. The contribution of Messenger Duroc
to the 2.30 list was 22 trotters and one pacer;
1 72 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
and Mr. Backman regarded this one pacer as a
blemish on the escutcheon of his horse. The
best of the 25 producing sons of Messenger
Duroc was Antonio, who died comparatively
young. As a sire of dams Messenger Duroc
stands highest. Fifty of his daughters are pro-
ducers.
CHAPTER XVII
THE FAMILY OF ELECTIONEER
Under the head of the two-year-old colts there
appeared in the first catalogue of Stony Ford
stud (1870), " Electioneer, b.c, foaled May 2, 1868 ;
got by Rysdyk's Hambletonian ; first dam Green
Mountain Maid by Harry Clay; second dam by
Lexington. Dam of Harry Clay by imported
Bellfounder." One night in the famous smoking
room of the mansion I explained to Mr. Backman
the impossibility of the Lexington cross, and in
succeeding catalogues the line descending from
the great four-mile race-horse was dropped. The
pedigree of Green Mountain Maid was short, and
this was one reason why his breeder and owner
did not attempt to push him to the front In
1876 Leland Stanford, ex-Governor of California,
visited Stony Ford and after looking the animals
over asked the price of Electioneer. The figure
named, $12,500, was satisfactory, and the horse,
then eight years old, changed owners. Elaine by
Messenger Duroc, out of Green Mountain Maid,
>73
174 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
was purchased at the same time by Governor
Stanford. At Palo Alto Farm, iioo acres in
Santa Clara Valley, California, Electioneer had a
wonderful career. The horse was never trained
for races, but he was a natural trotter ; and Charles
Marvin informed me, when I was on a visit to
Palo Alto, that he had driven Electioneer at
better than a 2.20 gait. In his days of vigor
Electioneer stood 15.2^, had immense quarters,
and he combined quality with substance. When
treated kindly he was easily controlled, and as
Governor Stanford said in one of his announce-
ments, he imparted the most desirable qualities,
"soundness, high form, uniformly pure gait, ex-
cellent disposition, and extreme speed at an early
age." He was what is called a line trotter, and
the low and direct action fairly consumed space.
Mares representing many different families were
bred to him, but his potency was so great as to
stamp his image on the produce of all. His colts,
like himself, were natural trotters ; and it was sel-
dom that heavy shoes or toe weights were used
in their track education. Uniformity of size was
also one of the good points of the progeny of
Electioneer, differing widely in this particular
from the progeny of George Wilkes. Governor
The Family of Electioneer 175
Stanford was an advocate of early development.
Judicious exercise, as he frequently said to me,
was not harmful. On the contrary, it added
strength to growth. The trainer was always
required to stop the quick exercise before the
fatigue point was reached. This kept the colt
buoyed up, and he was willing to try the next
time. Beautiful Bells was bred to Electioneer,
and the result was the brown filly Hinda Rose,
foaled February 27, 1880. She was a sensational
yearling, trotting to a record of 2.36J, and there
was great desire to see her when she came east
as a two-year-old in the stable of Marvin. She
trotted to a three-year-old record of 2.19^, and
Robert Bonner vainly sought to add her to his
collection of stars. Fred Crocker, a bay gelding,
foaled March 23, 1878, by Electioneer out of
Melinche by St. Clair, established the two-year-
old trotting record at 2.2 5 J, and he riveted atten-
tion upon his sire. The question often was
asked, " Will the equal of Fred Crocker ever be
seen?** Other fast two-year-olds by Election-
eer were Bonita, 2.24J ; Wildflower, 2.2 1 ; and
Sunol, 2.18. These were to high- wheel sulky
on tracks not as fast as those of to-day. The
supreme two-year-old by Electioneer is Arion,
1 76 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
bay horse, foaled March 1 3, 1 889, dam Manette
by Nutwood. His record of 2.1 of to high-wheel
sulky is the best of its kind ever made. The
champion three-year-old trotters by Electioneer
are Hinda Rose (1883-1885), 2.19^, and Sunol
(1889-1893), 2. 10 J. The champion yearling by
Electioneer is Bell Bird, 1891, 2.26^. In 1894 the
yearling record was reduced to 2.23 by Adbell
by Advertiser, son of Electioneer. In 1891
Sunol, as a five-year-old, reduced the trotting
record for that age to 2.08J. This was to high-
wheel sulky without artificial aids, and it is still
the best of its kind. In 189 1, trotting to high-
wheel sulky, Palo Alto reduced the stallion
record to 2.o8f . As Sunol is out of Waxana by
General Benton, she out of Waxy, thoroughbred
daughter of Lexington, and as the dam of Palo
Alto is Dame Winnie, thoroughbred daughter of
Planet, these two performers made clear the fact,
even to the obtuse, that Electioneer was wonder-
fully prepotent. He transmitted the trot through
other running mares, notably in Ansel, 2.20, dam
Annette, thoroughbred daughter of Lexington;
Azmoor, 2.20^, dam Mamie C, thoroughbred
daughter of imported Hercules ; and in Advance,
2.22^, dam Lady Amanda, thoroughbred daugh-
The Family of Electioneer 177
ter of imported Hurrah. Whips by Electioneer,
out of Lizzie Whips, thoroughbred daughter of
Enquirer, trotted in 2.27^, and sired Azote, 2.04f.
Truman, who trotted in 2.12, is by Electioneer
out of Telie by General Benton, and she out of
Texana, thoroughbred daughter of Foreigner, son
of imported Glencoe. These impressive truths
took the wind out of the sails of dogmatic theo-
rists, and every year added to the lustre of the
star of Electioneer. The championship laurel was
worn by many of his 158 trotters, and one of the
jewels in his crown is that he sired but two pacers.
His family is steadily growing in numbers and
importance, and conspicuous among his 98 pro-
ducing sons are Chimes, St. Bel, Sphinx, Elec-
trite. Expedition, Anteeo, Arion, and Del Man
Eighty-three of his daughters are dams of speed.
As a direct transmitter of the trotting gait and
as a factor in the problem of extreme speed.
Electioneer stands in a class by himself. His
equal has not yet appeared. He died Decem-
ber 3, 1890.
Chimes, brown horse, 16 hands, foaled April 4,
1884; by Electioneer, dam Beautiful Bells by
The Moor, trotted in 2.30^ as a three-yearold
and was not further trained on account of a
N
178 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
quarter crack. At Village Farm he made a great
reputation as a sire of speed. His daughter
Fantasy held the three-year-old record, 2.o8f , and
the four-year-old record, 2.06. His son, The
Abbot, was the champion trotter until his record of
2.03J was beaten by Cresceus. Chimes is the sire
of 72 in the list, and his daughters have produced
American Belle, three-year-old, 2.1 2J ; Dare Devil,
2.09 ; and Lady of the Manor (pacer), 2.04J.
St Bel, the elder brother of Chimes, trotted to
a four-year-old record of 2. 1 2^, and was making
rapid progress in the stud at Prospect Hill Stock
Farm, Franklin, Pennsylvania, when death cut
short his career in September, 1891. The fastest
of his 47 trotters is Lynne Bel, 2.10^, also a pro-
ducing sire. Baron Bel, 2.11^, is the fastest of
his nine pacers.
Whips is the sire of Azote, 2.04^; Cobwebs,
2.12; and eight other trotters. His one pacer,
Myrtha Whips, has a record of 2.09. Whips died
in his prime.
Ansel, before his death, sired Answer, 2.14^,
and eight other trotters. He also had one pacer,
Miss Emma, 2.17.
Anteeo by Electioneer, out of Columbine by
A. W. Richmond, she out of Columbia, thorough-
The Family of Electioneer 179
bred daughter of imported Bonnie Scotland,
trotted to a record of 2.16J, and is the sire of 46
trotters and one pacer. The best of his nine pro-
ducing sons is Alfred G., sire of 33 in the list.
The fastest of his trotters is Charley Herr, 2.07, a
stallion with an iron constitution.
The fastest trotter by Arion is Nico, 2.o8j.
Fannella, one of his daughters, trotted as a brood
mare to a record of 2.22^, and is the dam of Sadie
Mac, 2.1 1 J, the winner of the Kentucky Futurity
in 1903.
Sphinx (1883) by Electioneer out of Sprite by
Belmont, second dam the famous Waterwitch by
Pilot Jr., trotted to a record of 2.20J and is the
sire of 56 trotters and 31 pacers. The fastest
of his get are pacers, which shows that the
influence of Pilot Jr. was felt in descending
lines.
Egotist, the younger brother of Sphinx, has
a record of 2.22^, and is the sire of 40 trotters
and three pacers. In this instance the blood of
Pilot Jr. did not strongly assert itself. Electrite,
a still younger brother, has a record of 2.28^.
He was purchased as a weanling by Allen Farm
for 1^5000, and later was sold at a long price to
go to Texas. He has 35 trotters and 19 pacers.
i8o Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Here the influence of the pacing ancestry was
more in evidence.
The closer we inquire into the brother busi-
ness the more we are puzzled at some of its
vagaries. Is it not true that each organism
possesses the power of reacting on the different
external influences with which it is brought in
contact? Impressions made upon the mind of
the future mother in the nuptial hour may shape
to some extent the fortunes of the foal. And
nutrition is an influence that cannot be ignored
I was in St. Louis when Lady Russell, sister
of Maud S., started to California to form a closer
acquaintance with Electioneer. It was a union
which I had urged upon Mr. Brodhead, as well
as Senator Stanford, because it would result in
the commingling of the blood of the two great
brood mares, Miss Russell and Green Mountain
Maid, and naturally I was gratified at the news.
The message came by wire from Woodbum that
Lady Russell and the mares that accompanied
her might be stopped and exhibited at the
famous St. Louis Fair, and no time was lost
in advising the public of this fact. The distin-
guished mares from the most renowned of Ken-
tucky breeding farms received an ovation on
Tbe Family of Electioneer i8i
the fair ground, and the journey to Palo Alto
was resumed, where Lady Russell produced,
April 5, 1889, a brown colt by Electioneer, which
was named Expedition. The colt developed
into a horse of speed and a sire of speed. Expe-
dition was trained comparatively little, and yet
in 1894 he trotted to a record of 2.15^. His
brother, Re-Election, and his sister, Electrix,
also trotted to records, and their blood is march-
ing on. Mary P. Leyburn, out of a pacing
daughter of Onward, is the fastest of the 34
trotters by Expedition. Her record is 2.1 1 J.
Re-Election has contributed eight trotters and
three pacers to the list.
Norval, 2.14!, dam Norma by Norman, 25,
second dam by Todhunter's Sir Wallace, is one
of the forcible speed-producing sons of Elec-
tioneer. He has 61 trotters and 17 pacers,
and 13 of his sons are sires of trotters. In
1885 he was bred to Elaine, daughter of Green
Mountain Maid, and the result was the brown
filly Norlaine, the first of her age to reduce
the trotting record to 2.31 J. Norlaine, unfor-
tunately, perished in a stable fire.
Palo Alto, who as a four-year-old trotted to
a record of 2.20^, as a seven-year-old in 2. 12 J,
i82 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
and then reduced the stallion record to 2.o8f,
was one of the gamest horses that ever scored
for the word. His first dam was by Planet, his
second dam by imported Glencoe, and his third
dam by imported Margrave. Why then should
he not carry his action through stubborn contests
of divided heats? Palo Alto died July 27, 1892,
and as he was one of the horses that Governor
Stanford refused to price, — a friend of mine
offered Jt 100,000 for him, — his loss was severely
felt The fastest of his 14 trotters was Iran Alto,
2.12^, and three of his sons are producing sires.
May King, the sire of Bingen, 2.06^, and other
fast trotters, is by Electioneer out of May Queen,
2.20, and he has a record of 2.21.
February 16, 1887, the chestnut mare Sontag
Dixie by Toronto Sontag, out of Dixie by Billy
Townes, running bred, produced the bay colt Del
Mar by Electioneer. He passed to Suburban
Stock Farm, Glens Falls, New York. He trotted
to a record of 2.i6|, and meeting with an acci-
dent, was destroyed. Among his 11 trotters
are Copeland, 2.09^, and Major Delmar, i.59f.
He was a sire of extreme speed, and it is a pity
that he could not have lived to witness the
triumph of his wind-splitting son.
The Family of Electioneer 183
The Electioneer family is one of remarkable
vigor, and the years add to instead of take from
its importance. Those who believe in the doc-
trine of the survival of the fittest will keep close
to the family founded by one of the greatest,
if not the greatest, son of Hambletonian.
CHAPTER XVIII
VOLUNTEER, ABERDEEN, HAPPY MEDIUM, DICTATOR,
HAROLD, AND STRATHMORE
Volunteer
One of the early foals of Hambletonian was
Volunteer (1854), dam Lady Patriot by Young
Patriot, son of Patriot by Blucher ; second dam the
Lewis Hulse Mare, fast at the trot and the run.
Volunteer was placed in the stud at Washington-
ville, Orange County, not far from Chester ; and
as his owner, Alden Goldsmith, was industrially
pushing him into popular favor, Mr. Rysdyk was
nettled, and he denounced Lady Patriot as the
poorest mare ever sent to the court of Hamble-
tonian. This statement was far from true, but it
had its effect upon some people. Mr. Goldsmith
did not relax his efforts, and the reputation of
Volunteer steadily grew. The stallion trotted
to a wagon record of 2.37 and had a highly
finished, courageous look. I doubt if he would
have trained on because he was rough-gaited,
but what he accomplished in the stud will cause
184
Volunteer 185
him long to be remembered. His first great
trotter was Gloster, a bay gelding, bred by James
Roosevelt of Hyde Park, New York, foaled in
1876; dam Black Bess by Stockbridge Chief;
second dam by Mambrino Paymaster. Alden
Goldsmith purchased and campaigned him, and
when he trotted to a record of 2.17 at Roches-
ter, August 14, 1874, his fame was heralded over
the country. A long price was refused for him,
and it was decided to give him the benefit of a win-
ter in California. He was taken there, and died
October 30, 1874. Powers, 2.2 1 ; Huntress, 2.2o| ;
Driver, 2.19^^; Bodine, 2.19J; Alley, 2.19; and
Domestic, 2.20, were among the hard fighters
in grand circuit campaigns, and their good feet
and legs and unshrinking courage caused think-
ing people to respect their sire. St Julien, who
once divided championship honors with Maud S.|
was the fastest of the Volunteer tribe. He was
a bay gelding, foaled in 1879, and dam Flora
by Harry Clay, 45, second dam by Napoleon.
Orrin A. Hickok trained him and drove him
to his record of 2.1 1 J at Hartford, August 27,
1880. The producing record of Volunteer is
38 trotters and one pacer, and 41 sires and 54
dams of speed. Sweetness, who trotted to a
1 86 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
record of 2.21 J, was by Volunteer, and she is
the dam of Sidney, 2.i9f, sire of Sidney Dillon,
the sire of Lou Dillon. Volunteer was a bay
horse of commanding appearance, standing 15.3,
and he died at Walnut Grove Farm, Decem-
ber 13, 1888. Lady Patriot died at Thorn-
dale, September 2, 1876, the property of Edwin
Thorne. Her son, Sentinel, brother of Volun-
teer, trotted to a record of 2.29^. He died at
ten years old after siring trotters and sires and
dams of trotters. Heroine, the sister of Volun-
teer, is the dam of Shawmut, 2.26, and Hero
of Thorndale, prominent as a brood-mare sire.
Shawmut is also a sire of speed
Aberdeen
Isaiah Rynders, who was once a notable figure
in the political life of New York City, owned a
chestnut mare, foaled in 1852, by Seely's Ameri-
can Star, called Widow Machree, who trotted to
a record of 2.29 at Union Course, Long Island,
June 7, 1861. He sent this courageous mare to
Chester, and in the spring of 1866 a bay colt by
Hambletonian was born. The youngster devel-
oped into a shapely and strongly muscled horse
and was named Aberdeen. Captain Rynders
Aberdeen 187
was a man of quick temper and violent speech,
and he was led into many heated controversies
over Aberdeen and the blood lines of his second
dam. He came to me often in his trouble and
was soothed as far as possible with gentle words.
Aberdeen, who stood 15.3, trotted but one race
and that was in a three-year-old stake, at Prospect
Park, Long Island, which was won in 2.46. In
private he was timed a half-mile in 1.09J. When
Hattie Woodward, a daughter of Aberdeen, swept
all before her in the grand circuit and trotted to
a record of 2.15^, Captain Rynders was in his
glory, and his stallion, as a matter of course, was
the peer of any stallion that ever lived. Early in
March, 1881, Captain Rynders came to me with
a story of distress. William H. Vanderbilt had
demanded payment of a note given his father,
the gallant old Commodore, and Rynders said,
with moisture in his eyes, that in order to make
the payment he would be compelled to sell Aber-
deen. He named a price that he would take, and
two days later General W. T. Withers of Ken-
tucky called at my office. As soon as he heard
about Aberdeen he asked me to go to Passaic,
New Jersey, with him to see Captain Rynders
and the horse. When we arrived at the breeding
1 88 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
establishment we found Aberdeen chained in his
stall, and the services of three men were required
to lead him out. Although the horse acted like
a savage, General Withers paid the price and
took him away. Rynders was never the same
man after this. He grieved much over the loss
of his horse. In October of the same year I was
at Fairlawn and asked for Aberdeen. General
Withers pointed to a three-acre paddock, and
there was a stallion quietly grazing. An old
negro groom was sent after him, and he put a
bridle on the horse and led him to his roomy box
stall as quietly as he would a lamb. The open-
air treatment, combined with gentleness, had
driven savage thoughts from the brain of Aber-
deen, and he was as docile as any stallion at Fair-
lawn, until the death of General Withers in 1889.
Then he passed to Colonel James E. Clay of
Paris, Kentucky, and remained his property until
he died, in October, 1892. Kentucky Union,
2.07^, is the fastest of the 49 trotters from the
loins of Aberdeen. Among his 33 producing
sons is Sir Walter, 2.24^, sire of Sir Walter Jr.,
2.18J, sire of Alcidalia, 2Aq\, and Glory, 2.11^.
Wiggins, sire of Katharine A., 2.14, and other
fast ones, is another producing son. Onward
Happy Medium 189
Silver, 2.05J, is out of one of the producing
daughters of Aberdeen.
Happy Medium
Princess, who was born in Vermont, in 1846;
who was by Andrus Hambletonian, a descendant
of Messenger; who was owned by D. A. Gage
of Chicago, and trotted under the name of Topsy ;
who passed from him to California, where she dis-
tinguished herself on the turf ; and who was in
rivalry with Flora Temple, — made the acquaint-
ance of Hambletonian in 1862, when the country
was convulsed with war, and in the spring of 1 863
a bay colt, bred by R. F. Galloway of Sufferns,
New York, appeared. This colt was named
Happy Medium, and he grew into a horse of 15.2.
He started in public once as a four-year-old, and
once as a six-year-old. In his last race he trotted
to a record of 2.32J, and when eight years old
was purchased by Robert Steel of Philadelphia,
for $25,000. When 16 years old he passed
from Cedar Park Stud to Fairlawn and died the
property of General W. T. Withers, in February,
1888. At one time the critics found much fault
with Happy Medium, said that he was too light-
waisted to sire a robust family, and that his weak-
I90 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
ness was due to the vitality-sapping campaigns
of his dam. The Happy Mediums had good
action but were termed soft-hearted. His great-
est triumphs were achieved at Fairlawn. The
fastest of his 87 trotters is Nancy Hanks, dam
Nancy Lee by Dictator, who became queen of the
turf when Budd Doble drove her at Terre Haute,
in September, 1892, to a record of 2.04. This
record held for two years, when Alix beat it by
one-quarter of a second. Milton Medium, 2.25^,
one of the 66 producing sons of Happy Medium,
is the sire of Lou Milton, dam of Lou Dillon,
1.58^. The greatest producing son of Happy
Medium is Pilot Medium, gray horse, foaled in
1879, sire of Peter the Great, 2.07J, and 96 other
trotters; also sire of 21 pacers. The sons and
daughters of Pilot Medium are also speed-pro-
ducers. Maxey Cobb, an entire son of Happy
Medium, reduced the stallion record to 2.1 3 J in
1884, and held the championship for five years.
Dictator
Clara was the name of a black filly, bred by
Jonathan Hawkins of Orange County, New
York, sired by Seely's American Star, and foaled
in 1848. Her dam was a brown mare with four
Dictator 191
white feet, standing 15.2, obtained from a gypsy
band and used for family driving. She produced
Shark, who trotted to saddle in 2.27^. Clara
stood 14.3, and had a star, snip, and three white
feet. Young Hawkins drove her pretty hard
on the country roads until the spring of 1857,
when he sent her to Chester and bred her to
Hambletonian, and thus became possessed of the
phenomenal trotter Dexter. In 1863 the brown
colt Dictator, brother of Dexter, was foaled.
When eleven months old, Harrison Durkee, who
had a breeding farm at Flushing, Long Island,
purchased him. Alden Goldsmith broke him to
harness, and as a three-year-old Dictator began
his career at Spring Hill Stud Farm. Mr.
Durkee was over cautious, and he talked much
about the great speed of the brother of Dexter
without giving the public a chance to hold their
watches on the stallion. I frequently drove to
Flushing in those days and saw Dictator in
harness, but could not persuade his owner
to enter him in races. • In 1876 John W.
Conley urged Mr. Durkee to send Dictator to
Kentucky, and the horse was leased to Colonel
Richard West, of Edge Hill Farm, near George-
town. The fee, $200, however, was too big
192 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
for the times; and in 1878 the brother of
Dexter was returned to Long Island. Among
the trotters sired by Dictator while at Edge Hill
Farm were Jay-eye-see, 2.10; Phallas, 2.13!; and
Director, 2.17. In the summer of 1884 these
three were the sensation of the grand circuit.
Just before I left New York for Chicago Mn
Durkee asked me to find a purchaser for Dic-
tator at $15,000. At the Buffalo meeting I was
sta3dng with Mr. C J. Hamlin, and when he
spoke of a stallion that could take the shine out
of Jerome Eddy, 2. 16 J, then at the head of
his great rival, Jewett Farm, I suggested Dic-
tator, sire of the champion trotting gelding and
of the champion trotting stallion. Although
Dictator was then approaching the yellow leaf,
Mr. Hamlin authorized me to offer $20,000 for
him. I went to New York, but could not bring
Mr. Durkee to terms. He telegraphed, during
the negotiations, to Major H. C. McDowell of
Lexington, Kentucky, that I was trying to buy
the horse ; and McDowell took the next train for
New York. As soon as he arrived he called on
A. A. and David Bonner, and persuaded them
to join him in the purchase of the stallion at
$25,000. Whatever you may say of Mr. Durkee,
Dictator 193
he was keen at a bargain. At Ashland, the old
historic home of Hon. Henry Clay, Dictator
was not in vigorous health for a time, and the
Bonner interest passed to McDowells The horse
died May 25, 1893, ^^ the age of 30 years. He
was a very impressive sire, and his blood is
breeding on. He has 46 trotters and 11 pacers
in the list, and 56 sons are sires of speed. The
best of these is Director, black horse, foaled in
1877, and out of the great brood mare Dolly
by Mambrino Chief. As a three-year-old he
trotted to a record of 2.30, was a game race-
horse in his maturity, and retired to the stud
with a record of 2.17. Among the 40 trotters
sired by Director is Directum, dam Stemwinder
by Venture, son of Williamson's Belmont. As
a four-year-old he made a wonderful campaign,
and reduced the stallion record to 2.05J. The
fastest of Director's pacers is Direct, 2.05^, the
sire of Directly, 2.03J at the pace. Director has
27 producing sons and 27 producing daughters.
The blood of Dictator is so potent that extreme
speed springs from it as we recede from the
fountain head.
194 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Harold
The first time I saw Harold, at Woodbum, I
was disappointed in him, and in a letter which
I wrote for publication described him as " bench-
legged." This appellation stuck to him all his
life. He was a bay horse, foaled September
14, 1864, bred by Charles S. Dole of Crystal
Lake, Illinois, by Rysdyk's Hambletonian (son of
Abdallah), dam Enchantress by Abdallah. It
was the desire of Mr. Dole to double the blood
of Abdallah through good individuals, and he
selected Enchantress because she was a bay of
fine appearance, whose speed and courage had
been tested on the road, and also because her
dam was represented to be by imported Bell-
founder. When 1 1 months old Harold was sold
to R. A. Alexander to take the place at Wood-
burn made vacant by the death of Alexander's
Abdallah. He grew into a horse of 15 hands,
with great substance for his height; but early
visitors to the farm were not strongly impressed
by him. If they were partial to his blood lines
they were not fascinated by his form. Harold's
first great success was Maud S. This magnifi-
cent chestnut out of Miss Russell in fact created
Harold 195
him. She made him the fashion, and mares of
superior rank were sent to his court. He died
October 6, 1893, and among his 40 trotters and
5 pacers are Noontide, 2.20^; Cammie L., 2.21;
and Mattie Graham, 2.21^. His best producing
son, Lord Russell, brother of Maud S., 2.o8f , is
without a record, but that is for the reason that
he never started in public. The best of Lord
Russell's get is Kremlin, who beat a powerful
field for the Transylvania at Lexington, Octo-
ber ID, 1892, and who became the champion trot-
ting stallion when he reduced his record to 2.07^.
A horse of more determination than Kremlin was
never seen in a race. Hartford, another pro-
ducing son of Harold, sired the famous little
pacer Robert J., 2.01^. Beulah, foaled in 1881,
by Harold out of Sally B. by Lever, thorough-
bred son of Lexington and Levity by imported
Trustee, is the dam of five in the list, including
Beuzetta, 2.o6f, and Early Bird, 2.10. Ethelwyn
by Harold out of Kathleen by Pilot Jr., she out
of Little Miss, thoroughbred daughter of imported
Sovereign, is the dam of five, including Extasy,
2.11^; Impetuous, 2.13; and Orator, 2.23. In all
54 of the daughters of Harold are speed pro-
ducers. Attorney, one of the 45 producing sons
196 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
of Harold, is the sire of Atlanta, dam of Alix,
2,03j. Doubling the blood of Abdallah, son of
Mambrino, son of Messenger, gave us an indi-
vidual not free from criticism, but a progenitor
of extreme speed at the trot and the pace,
Strathmore
Strathmore, formerly called Goodwin Watson,
was a bay horse, foaled in 1866 ; bred by Aristides
Welch of Erdenheim, near Philadelphia ; got by
Rysdyk's Hambletonian, dam Lady Waltemire, a
roadster of celebrity by North American ; second
dam by Harris's Hambletonian. He was a horse
of substance, a shade over 15 hands, and Mr.
Welch used him principally on the road until he
sold him, in 1873, to Colonel R. G. S toner of
Bourbon County, Kentucky. He left but three
or four foals on the Atlantic seaboard, and one of
these was the bay horse Chestnut Hill, dam Polly
Barber by Bully King, son of George M. Patchen.
He passed to A. W. Griswold of New York, who
drove him on the road and raced him to a limited
extent. At Utica, in August, 1879, he trotted to
a record of 2.22^. Steinway, bay colt by Strath-
more out of Abbess by Albion, trotted in August,
1879, at Lexington, to a three-year-old record of
Stratbmore 197
2.2 5f, and as this was fast for those days general
attention was attracted to the sire. Steinway
never reduced his record, but was taken to Cali-
fornia, where he sired a high rate of speed. More
pacers than trotters came from him; and con-
spicuous among his pacers are Klatawah, 2.05^ ;
W. Wood, 2.07; Agitato, 2.09; and Cricket, 2.10.
One of his sons, Charles Derby, who trotted to a
record of 2.20, is also a sire of fast pacers, — Don
Derby, 2.06; Much Better, 2.07 J; and Derby
Princess, 2.08^. Santa Claus, bay horse, foaled in
1874, dam Lady Thorn Jr. by Williams's Mam-
brino by Ericsson, son of Mambrino Chief ; second
dam Kate by Highland Chief by Mambrino Chief,
was the greatest son of Strathmore. The first time
I saw him he was called Count Kilrush, and he
showed as a three-year-old a high rate of speed on
the track of Colonel West at Georgetown. In
December, 1877, John W. Conley took the colt
to California, where he was sold to P. A. Finegan,
and his name changed to Santa Claus. At Sac-
ramento, in 1879, he trotted to the five-year-old
record, 2.18, and in 1881 and 1882 was campaigned
in the East by O. A. Hickok, where he defeated
such horses as Edwin Thome, Piedmont, Wedge-
wood, Voltaire, Hannis, Adele Gould, and Fanny
198 The Trotling and the Pacing Horse
Witherspoon, and reduced his record to 2.17^.
The fastest trotter sired by him is William Penn,
2.07^, and one of his pacers, Sidney, 2.19I-, was
out of the trotting mare, Sweetness, 2.21 J, by
Volunteer; second dam Lady Merritt by Edward
Everett (son of Hambletonian) ; and third dam by
Harry Clay. Here we have three direct lines to
Hambletonian and two to Mambrino Chief, and
yet Sidney preferred the lateral to the diagonal
gait and is the sire of speed at both gaits. His
trotters, however, outnumber his pacers, the fast-
est being Monterey, 2.09}, and Dr. Leek, 2.09^.
His fastest pacer is Lena N., 2.05^. One of the
mares bred to Sidney was Venus, dam of three in
the list, and the produce was Sidney Dillon, sire
of Dolly Dillon, 2. 07 J, and Lou Dillon, 1.58^.
As the champion trotter of the world traces
directly in the male line to Strathmore, I have
gone at some length into his blood lines. The
tendency to pace was strong in Strathmore, who
died at Fort Wayne, Indiana, March 11, 1895.
CHAPTER XIX
CUYLER, EGBERT, JAY GOULD, EDWARD EVERETT, AND
OTHER MEMBERS OF THE HAMBLETONIAN TRIBE
In the first catalogue of Stony Ford, Gray
Rose, a gray mare of 15.2 by Bishop's Hamble-
tonian, appeared among the brood mares. She
was bred to R3rsdyk's Hambletonian and pro-
duced, May 13, 1868, a bay colt named Cuyler.
He was but a few days younger than Electioneer,
and the two grew up side by side. At maturity
he stood 15.3 and was a horse of range, quality,
and good temper. When 'he was four years old
Mr. James C. McFerran bought him from Mr.
Backman, choosing him over Electioneer. At
Glenview Farm, the famous breeding establish-
ment near Louisville, Kentucky, he made a repu-
tation, but in October, 1886, after the death of
Mr. McFerran, was sold under the hammer to
John H. Shults of New York. He died at Des
Moines, Iowa, May 31, 1894. Elvira, 2.18^;
Day Dream, 2.2 if ; and Algath, 2.23, attracted
199
200 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
attention to him as a sire of early speed. Elvira,
who was out of Mary Mambrino (dam of Bea-
trice) by Mambrino Patchen, was bred to Pan-
coast, 2.2 if (son of Woodford Mambrino and
Bicara by Harold), and the result was Ponce de
Leon, a black horse of i6 hands, who trotted to
a record of 2.13 and is a good producing sire.
Beatrice, the sister of Elvira, is the dam of Patron,
2.14^, a distinguished trotter and sire; Prodigal,
2.16, another famous trotter and sire; and Patron-
age, the sire of Alix, 2.03^. The blood of Cuyler
thus rounded out champion form. Both Patron
and Prodigal are the sires of fast pacers as well
as fast trotters. Baron Crisp, 2.12^; Cuyler-
coast, 2.1 1 ; and Prince of Orange, 2.07^, are
out of daughters of Cuyler.
Egbert
Camptown by Messenger Duroc (son of Ham-
bletonian) was bred to Hambletonian, and the
fruit was Egbert, who in the hands of Colonel
Richard West achieved quite a reputation as a
sire. Two of the 67 trotters by Egbert are
Superior, 2.17^, sire of Wentworth, 2.08; and
Egthorne, 2.12^, sire of Maid Thorn, 2.14. The
daughters of Egbert are also noted for their speed-
Egbert, Vicior Bismarck, and Idol 201
producing qualities. The close doubling of the
blood of Hambletonian returned in this case
highly gratifying results.
Victor Bismarck and Idol
Victor Bismarck by Hambletonian, dam Hattie
Wood (dam of Idol and Gazelle) by Harry Clay,
second dam Grandmother by Terror by Eclipse,
went from Stony Ford paddocks to Kentucky,
where he achieved success. The climatic cross
may have aided him. The fastest of his trotters
was Edgemark, 2.16, the sire of Miss Whitney,
2.07^. Edgemark had the benefit of another
climatic cross, as he was transferred from Ken-
tucky to Massachusetts. The fastest trotter by
Idol, brother of Victor Bismarck, was Idolf , 2. 1 3^ ,
and the fastest pacer was Fidol, 2.04^. Gazelle,
the sister of Victor Bismarck, trotted to a record
of 2.21, and at Palo Alto entered the great brood-
mare list. Louis Napoleon, by Volunteer, out
of Hattie Wood, also passed from Stony Ford
paddocks to Michigan, where he sired 23 trotters
and II pacers. One of his producing sons is
Jerome Eddy, 2.16^, sire of Fanny Wilcox, 2.10^.
The sons and daughters of Jerome Eddy are
also speed producers.
202 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Hone
Jay Gould
Jay Gould was one of the highest formed sons
of Hambletonian. He was a bay of 15.2, foaled
in 1864, dam Lady Sanford by Seely's American
Star; second dam Old Sorrel by Exton Eclipse,
son of American Eclipse ; and third dam by Mes-
senger Duroc by Sir Archy Duroc by Duroc by
imported Diomed. His public appearance was
sensational; at Bu£Falo, August 11, 187 1, under
the name of Judge Brigham, he won the $5000
purse» from a stout field, and equalled the stallion
record of George Wilkes, 2.22. Mr. Jay Gould
was one of the gentlemen who witnessed the
race, and he joined Henry N. Smith and George
C Hall in the purchase of the horse. The price
paid was $30,000. His name was changed to
Jay Gould, and the following year, at Buffalo, he
reduced his record to 2.21^. In 1874 he trotted
a match race at Baltimore, against Bashaw Jr.
In the first heat Bashaw went wrong and was
distanced. Jay Gould trotted a second mile in
2. 1 9 J, but it was never considered a part of the
technical record. Mr. Smith became the sole
owner of Jay Gould, and at Fashion Stud Farm
the stallion had access to choice mares of demon-
Jay Gould 203
strated speed. One of the mares bred to him
was the famous Lucy, 2. 18 J, and the produce was
Inheritor, who died in 1879, after siring Mont-
gomery, 2.21 J; Lucia, dam of six with records,
including Beulah, 2.19^, Hurly Burly, 2.16^, and
Edgardo, 2.i3f, sire of Tomah, 2.10; Sapphire,
dam of four with records, including Nominee,
2. 1 7 J, and Nominator, 2,17^; and Sybil, dam of
four with records, also of Syndic, a producing
sire. This is a remarkable case of blood breed-
ing on. The fastest trotter by Jay Gould is
Pixley, 2.08J, and the fastest of his three pacers
is Kiswick, 2. 18 J. Another great producing
daughter is Sonnet, dam of Martense Maid by
Jackson's Flying Cloud. In her the blood of
Messenger and Justin Morgan is joined, and she
is the dam of Poem, 2.11^, a producing sire;
Prose, 2.16J; and Stanza, 2.22^. The Moccasin
Mare, by imported thoroughbred Moccasin, dam
Dolly Star by Hambletonian, second dam Loril-
lard Mare by Seely's American Star, was bred to
Jay Gould and the fruit was Sandal, who, at the
Newminster Stud of William H. Fearing, be-
came the dam of Mahogany, 2.12}; Ixia, 2.i8f ;
Magic Flute, 2.2 if, a producing sire; and Three
Feathers, 2.2 2 J. Ixia, who trotted a trial in 2,11,
204 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
was bred to her half-brother, Magic Flute, and
the result is Miss Fearing, 2.19^. The daughters
of Jay Gould stand high as speed producers.
The son of Hambletonian and Lady Sanford
was an impressive horse on the track, in the
show ring, or the stud, and his closing days
were somewhat sad. When misfortune overtook
Henry N. Smith and his stud was disbanded,
Jay Gould, then 29 years old and but a shadow
of himself, was led into the auction ring and sold
for ^^50 to James O'Neil, formerly in the em-
ploy of Mr. Smith, who kindly cared for him
until he died, June 10, 1894.
Edward Everett
m
Edward Everett, formerly called Major Win-
field, was a bay horse, foaled in 1855; bred by
Adam Lilbum, and got by Rysdyk's Hamble-
tonian out of Fanny by imported Margrave. Mr.
Robert Bonner paid $20,000 for him when the
world was talking about his two sons, Judge
FuUerton and Mountain Boy, and transferred
him to his farm at Tarrytown. He died in
August, 1878, leaving behind him 13 trotters,
one of which was Hambrino, 2.21^, who is the
sire of 39 trotters and eight pacers. Delmarch,
Edward Everett, Dauntless 205
2.11^, is the fastest of Hambrino's trotters, and
he is a commanding sire of trotters and pacers.
Thirty-eight of the daughters of Hambrino are
dams of speed. One of these produced Ed Win-
ter, 2.i2f, and Hawthorne, 2.06J. If Edward
Everett had lived longer and been given a wider
opportunity, his descendants would fill larger
space in the history of the light-harness horse.
His son, Joe Elliot, trotted a trial for Mr. Bonner
in 2.15^, when this rate of speed was considered
marvellous, and Eldridge, another son, trotted in
2.20^ for Mr. Bonner.
Dauntless
Dauntless, brother of Peacemaker, was a bay
horse foaled at Stony Ford, April 3, 1867, ^i^d
by Hambletonian out of Sallie Feagles by Smith's
Clay, son of Neaves's Cassius M. Clay Jr. He is
the sire of 33 trotters, including Gean Smith,
2.15^, and Billy Parks, 2.1 5J; and of three
pacers, one of which was Ed Annan, 2.16^,
prominent in Grand Circuit battles. Ten of
his daughters are dams of speed, and the fastest
of their produce are William Penn, 2.07J, and
Benton M., 2.10.
2o6 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Startle
In the first Stony Ford catalogue (1870),
Startle appears with Victor Bismarck and
Dauntless under the head of three-year-old
colts. He was a bay colt, foaled May 14,
1867, by Rysdyk's Hambletonian, dam Lizzie
Walker by Seely's American Star. He stood
15.1, but had strong shoulders and massive
quarters. He was the first Northern-bred three-
year-old to trot in 2.36, and he passed from
Charles Backman through George B. Alley to
Robert Bonner, who drove him on the road and
track. Startle was the first horse to trot a mile
over the old Fleetwood track in 2.19, and on
another occasion he trotted a half-mite in 1.04^.
Mr. Bonner thought so much of Startle that he
paid Mr. Backman $5000 for the unborn coif
of Lizzie Walker by Hambletonian, which came
dead. Startle was not given much of a chance
in the stud, but among his ten trotters were
Instant, 2.14^, and Majolica, 2.15. Portia, one
of his daughters, is the dam of four in the list,
including Lightning, 2.1 1, and Protein, 21 if.
His best producing son is Mambrino Startle,
sire of 14 trotters, among them the excellent
startle. Nelson 207
campaign mare, Mambrino Maid, 2.15^. Gui-
nette, 2.05 at the pace, and Emma Offut, 2.1 li
at the trot, are out of daughters of Mambrino
Startle.
In all, Hambletonian has 150 sires of speed
and 80 dams of speed. Without question he
was the greatest trotting progenitor that ever
lived.
Nelson
Nelson is a bay horse, foaled in 1882, by
Young Rolfe, 2.21 J (son of Tom Rolfe, he by
Pugh Aratus, out of Pocahontas, 2.17^); dam
Gretchen by Gideon by Rysdyk's Hambletonian ;
second dam Kate by Vermont Black Hawk, son
of Sherman Morgan by Justin Morgan. He trot-
ted at Cambridge City, Indiana, October 21,
1890, in 2. 1 of, which gave him the post of
honor in the stallion group. Second to him in
1890 was^ Stamboul, with a record of 2.1 1.
Third was Axtell, with a record of 2.12, and
fourth was Palo Alto, with a record of 2. 12 J.
Nelson was bred and owned by C. H. Nelson
of Waterville, Maine, and had his owner not
become involved in a dispute with the two gov-
erning associations, his chances for more endur-
ing fame would have been greater. He was a
2o8 The Trottif^ and the Pacing Horse
horse of pure gait, carrying the blood of founda-
tion sires, and contributed as much to the glory
of Maine as did Thomas B. Reed, or the rugged
pines of that stalwart state. In 1891 Nelson
took third place in the stallion group, Palo Alto
going to the head with a record of 2.o8f, and
AUerton being second with a record of 2.09^.
Bashaw
Bashaw (Green's), whose register number is
50, was a black horse, foaled in 1885 ; bred by
Jonas Seely of Orange County, New York, and
sired by Vernol's Black Hawk (son of Long
Island Black Hawk by Andrew Jackson), dam
Belle by Webber's Tom Thumb (a trotter of
speed and endurance but of untraced blood);
second dam the Charles Kent Mare (dam of Rys-
dyk's Hambletonian) by imported Bellfounder.
When a suckling he and his dam passed to
F. M. Cummings of Muscatine, Iowa, and from
him to Joseph A. Green of Muscatine. He died
January 25, 1880, leaving behind him quite a
family of trotters. The fastest of his trotters was
Josephus, 2.19I-. One of his entire sons, Hamble-
tonian Bashaw, trotted to a record of 2.21^, and
is a producing sire. Twenty-two other sons are
Basbaw 209
also sires of speed, and 32 of his daughters are
producing dams. As the second dam of Green's
Bashaw was the dam of the great progenitor,
Hambletonian, iscores of people bred to him on
that account He was not equal to his oppor-
tunity.
CHAPTER XX
THE STAR FAMILY
In 1837, *t Pompton Plains, New Jersey, there
was born a chestnut colt of quality which has
played an important part in equine history. He
was named American Star after his sire, Stock-
holm's American Star, son of Duroc, the son of
imported Diomed, and as he was owned for many
years by Edmund Seely, of Orange County, New
York, he was given a prefix. The registered
number of Seely 's American Star is 14. He
had speed at both the run and the trot, and was
one of the "do or die " kind. Mr. Berry remarked
that he had the "most bottom and best game
of any horse he ever saw." His feet were bad,
wiring in at the heel, and this defect was trans-
mitted. His dam was a broken-down stage mare,
and it has been claimed that she was a daughter
of Henry, who ran four-mile heats against Ameri-
can Eclipse. This claim was never established.
Mr. Battell has written much to show that Seely's
American Star was a descendant of Justin Mor-
210
The Star Family 211
gan, but the hearsay evidence presented by him
would not stand for a moment in any intelligent
court. In December, 1894, I was at Stony Ford
with Mr. Robert Bonner, and the suggestion that
Seely's American Star was one of the Morgan
tribe brought out an explanation from Charles
Backman, who at one time had more Star mares
in his stud than could be found in all the other
breeding establishments in the country : " When
I was a young man I was almost constantly
on the road in New England, especially in Ver-
mont and New Hampshire, collecting money for
the firm with which I was then engaged. I
drove and saw hundreds of the best Morgan
horses, and became familiar with their striking
points. They were, as a rule, high-headed and
short-gaited horses. When I started to found
a stud at Stony Ford I hunted up all the best
daughters of Seely's American Star that could
be bought, with the object of breeding them to
Rysdyk's Hambletonian. I had nearly 40 of
these mares, and their characteristics became
familiar to me. The sons and daughters of
Seely*s American Star were low-headed and long-
gaited, with wide action behind, just the reverse
of all the Morgans that I ever knew. Therefore
2 1 2 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
I cannot accept the conclusion that Seely's
American Star was the son of an inbred Morgan.
If like produces like, a low-headed and long-
gaited type could not come from an up-headed
and short-gaited type/' Mr. Bonner, whose mind
was intensely logical, was impressed, and he
remarked, ''Peerless and all the best Stars that
I ever knew had the thoroughbred form, just a
form that we would expect from a horse of the
recorded breeding of Seely's American Star."
I remember an afternoon at Glen Lea, the
country seat of William Crawford, in Orange
County, when that able lawyer and distinguished
statesman. General Benjamin F. Tracy, went
through the story of Mr. Battell and tore it to
tatters. Seely's American Star was not much
appreciated when he entered the stud, and all
kinds of mares were bred to him at a nominal
fee. In i860 he got but ten colts, and that fall
Mr. Seely gave him to Theodore Dusenbury,
whose property he died in February, 1861. He
stamped his offspring with his form, resolution,
gait, and disposition, and contributed much to
the success of Rysdyk's Hambletonian. Only
four of his get — Widow Machree, 2.29; Bolly
Lewis, 2.29^; Newburgh, 2.30; and Lady Whit-
The Star Family 213
man, 2.30 — entered the standard list, but through
his daughters he founded a family. One of his
sons, Conklin's American Star, is the sire of
St Cloud, 2.21 ; Lowland Mary, 2.25; and Star,
2.30; and their sons and daughters figure as
moderate speed producers. Dexter, the brown
gelding with blaze and white legs, foaled in 1858,
first emphasized the value of the Hambletonian-
Star combination. He was bred by Jonathan
Hawkins of Orange County, New York, and
George B. Alley paid $400 for him and sub-
sequently sold him to A. F. Fawcett. He was
trained by Hiram WoodrufiF, and appeared for
the first time at Fashion Course, May 4, 1864.
His turf career was short but brilliant, and
among the horses defeated by him were General
Butler, Lady Thorn, and Goldsmith Maid. At
Buffalo, August 14, 1867, driven by Budd Doble,
he started to beat the 2.19I of Flora Temple, and
trotted the first mile in 2.20^, and the second
mile in 2. 17 J. This established a new world's
record, and immediately after the performance
the announcement was made that Dexter had
become the property of Robert Bonner. The
price paid was $35,000, including a commission
of $2000. Mr. Bonner at that time was the
214 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
owner of Peerless, a fast and handsome road
mare, and as she was by Seely's American Star,
he recognized the value of the blood. Of Qara,
the greatest daughter of Seely's American Star,
I shall speak at length in the chapter devoted to
Great Brood Mares. Dexter was the greatest
horse of his day for speed and endurance, and
a few years after his purchase by Mr. Bonner
he trotted a mile to road wagon over Prospect
Park, Long Island, carrying 319 pounds, in 2.2 if.
Prominent among the daughters of Seely's Amer-
ican Star were Widow Machree, dam of Aber-
deen, a stallion whose blood bred on ; Lady Sears,
dam of Huntress, 2.2of, and Trio, 2.23J; Lady
Sanford, dam of Jay Gould, 2.21^, a successful
sire, and of Emblem, dam of five in 2.30 ; Flora
Gardiner, dam of Guy, 2.09J, and Fred Folger,
2.20^; Nancy Whitman, dam of Madeleine,
2.2 3 J, and Robert McGregor, 2.17^, sire of
Cresceus; Lady Dunn, dam of Joe Bunker, 2.19J,
and of Lady Bunker (dam of Guy Wilkes, 2. 15 J,
£1 Mahdi, 2.25^, and William L., sire of Axtell,
2.12); and Imogene, dam of Arthurton, sire of
Arab, 2.15, and of the famous brood mare, Han-
nah Price, dam of Lesa Wilkes, 2.09. Leland,
sire of Geneva, 2.11^, and others in the list, as
The Star Family 215
well as of speed-producing sons and daughters,
is the brother of Arthurton. Emma Mills, dam
of Sweepstakes, celebrated as a speed-producing
stallion, was by Seely's American Star. Charles
Backman read well the future when he gathered
into one band the choicest daughters of Star and
bred them to Hambletonian. The blood of this
combination is adding to the volume of speed
from generation to generation.
CHAPTER XXI
THE CLAY FAMILY
Grand Bashaw was an iron-gray horse of 15
hands, foaled in 1816, and imported from Tripoli
in August, 1820, by Joseph B. Morgan. The
official record says : " He was selected by the
importer from the best stock of Oriental horses
in that country ; and it is believed that in point
of beauty, action, and speed he is not excelled by
any horse ever imported into the United States."
His first duties in the stud were in Montgomery
County, near Philadelphia. Pearl, a daughter of
First Consul and Fancy by imported Messenger,
was bred to him, and the result was Young Bashaw,
who produced, out of a trotting and pacing mare,
Andrew Jackson, the sire of Henry Clay. The
latter was a black horse, foaled in 1837, and dam
Lady Surrey, a fast trotting mare brought from
Canada and owned by George M. Patchen.
Henry Clay was a horse of great vitality, and for
several years previous to his death was owned
by General James Wadsworth of Geneseo, New
316
The Clay Family 217
York. He was blind at the time he died, in
April, 1867. The only standard trotter sired by
him was Black Douglas, who took a record of
2.30, but he became the progenitor of a family of
trotters. In 1842 Joseph Oliver, of Brooklyn,
New York, bred to Henry Clay a fine road mare
called Jersey Kate, who was noted as the dam of
the fast trotting gelding, John Anderson. The
outcome was the bay horse, Cassius M. Clay, who
passed to George M. Patchen and was celebrated
as the best trotting stallion of his era. Only one
fast trotter came from his loins, and that was
George M. Patchen. One of his sons, Cassius
M. Clay Jr. (Amos), a black horse foaled in 1854,
was the sire of the famous trotter, American Girl,
2.16^. Another son, Neaves's Cassius M. Clay, a
brown horse, foaled in 1848, and out of a daughter
of Chancellor by Mambrino by imported Mes-
senger, was the sire of four record trotters, —
Lady Lockwood, 2.25; George Cooley, 2.27;
Lew Sayers, 2.28f ; and Harry Clay, 2.29. He
was taken from New York to Ohio, where he
broke a leg and was destroyed. Strader's Cassius
M. Qay was a brown horse, foaled in 1852, and
by Cassius M. Clay (son of Henry Clay) out of a
daughter of Abdallah, she out of a mare by Law-
2i8 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
fence's Eclipse. He passed from R. S. Strader to
General William T. Withers, and he died at Fair-
lawn. He sired four trotters, Durango, 2.23!;
Harry Clay, a black gelding, 2.23^; Equinox,
2.27^; and Sinbad, 2.29^. Sixteen of his sons are
sires of standard speed and 35 of his daughters
are producers of trotters and pacers. George M.
Patchen, a bay horse, foaled in 1849, was a great
performer on the trotting turf from 1859 to 1863,
and retired with a record of 2.23^, made at Union
Course, Long Island, in August, i860. He was
a horse of distinguished appearance as well as
action, and his sire was Cassius M. Clay, by
Henry Clay, dam Head'em by imported Trustee,
son of Catton and Emma by Whisker. George
M. Patchen was bred by Richard M. Carman of
Monmouth County, New Jersey, and among the
four trotters sired by him was the celebrated bay
mare Lucy, 2.18J, foaled in 1857, who won 62
heats in 2.30 and better, and became a speed-pro-
ducing dam at Fashion Stud Farm. Fourteen of
the sons of George M. Patchen are sires of speed.
One of these is Godfrey Patchen, sire of eight
trotters, including Hopeful, 2.1 4f, and of four pro-
ducing sons. Another is George M. Patchen Jr.
(California Patchen), sire of ten trotters including
Tbe Clay Family 219
Sam Purdy, 2.26^. Eleven sons and 15 daughters
of California Patchen are speed producers. Sam
Purdy was a bay horse, foaled in 1866, and his
dam was Whiskey Jane by Illinois Medoc. He
was a very game horse, and his record of 2.20^,
made at Buffalo in August, 1876, was not the full
measure of his speed. James R. Keene purchased
the stallion and presented him to his brother-in-
law, Major F. A. Daingerfield of Virginia. Dur-
ing a recent visit to Castleton, the great breeding
establishment of James R. Keene, of which Major
Daingerfield is the manager, I heard the pathetic
story of the death of Sam Purdy. He was down
with colic, and as no veterinary surgeon was
within reach, several of the physicians of Culpeper
were sent for. All declined the summons on the
theory that to relieve the sufferings of an animal
not gifted with speech would degrade their pro-
fession. The reply of Major Daingerfield was
that Sam Purdy was worth more to the state of
Virginia than the whole of Culpeper, and that
he had no patience with such foolish chatter. In
the hope that a strong physical effort would
remove the cause of colic, Sam Purdy was liter-
erally dragged to the near-by track. The moon
was shining brightly, and the fire of his racing
220 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
days was rekindled at the sight of the half-mile
oval. The game horse forgot his su£Ferings in
the flood of memories, and with the determina-
tion that caused Christian martyrs to &ce fire
without flinching, he lifted his head and reached
out with the stroke which had so often carried
him to victory. Like a ghost under the full-orbed
moon he swept around the track, and there were
hopes that through heroic effort his life would be
saved. But the machinery cracked as he swept
proudly down the home-stretch. At the little
judges' stand he dropped as if a bullet had
pierced his brain, and when the group of awe-
struck watchers reached him he was stone dead.
This little story reminded Hon. P. P. Johnston,
president of the National Trotting Association, of
an incident that occurred at the colored fair at
Lexington. A large man, who was speeding on
the track to road wagon, sat rigid in the rush
down the home-stretch, and when the horse
stopped of his own accord, the discovery was
made that the man was dead of heart-disease.
The figure was so braced that it did not fall when
breath left the body. It was a striking illustra-
tion of how closely death sometimes rides with
life in the bright sunshine of a summer morning.
Tbe Clay Family 221
Years ago, at old Fleetwood Park, I saw a fast
trotting mare die in the hands of Mr. David
Bonner. She was to road wagon and had gone
to the half-mile pole with a rush. Then she
faltered, and Mr. Bonner held her together.
When she fell there was not a quiver to indicate
life. She had died on her feet in a struggle for
the goal which satisfies animal ambition.
Cicero J. Hamlin saw George M. Patchen
repeatedly in races, and when he started the
modest breeding venture at East Aurora, which
developed into the famous Village Farm, he laid
the foundations with a son of that horse. Ham-
lin Patchen, who was by George M. Patchen out
of Mag Addison, produced but two indifferent
record trotters, but his daughters contributed
to the Village Farm volume of speed. From
them came such noted trotters as Belle Hamlin,
2.1 2f; Globe, 2.14!; Justina, 2.20; and Nettie
King, 2.20J. Mr. Hamlin was a strong believer
in progression. In 1897 he said to me: " Unless
a family shows a higher development at the end
of every five years, it will not do to tie to. The
individuals that do not show the stamp of im-
provement must be discarded from the breeding
stud. I have progressed by taking the best
222 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
individuals of great families and uniting their
blood in a way to produce harmonious results —
conformation, good heads, speed, and the ability
to adhere to gait" The Abbot, 2. 03 J, the
fastest trotter ever . bred by Mr. Hamlin, illus-
trates the idea. He is by Chimes (son of Elec-
tioneer and Beautiful Bells), dam Nettie King,
2.20^, by Mambrino King (son ci Mambrino
Patchen and Belle Thornton by Edwin Forrest) ;
second dam Nettie Murphy by Hamlin Patchen.
Lord Derby, 2.05f, is another illustration. He
is by Mambrino King, dam Clarabel by Hamlin's
Almont Jr. (son of Almont and Maggie Gaines
by Blood's Black Hawk); second dam by Alnion-
arch, 2.24^ (son of Almont and Hi, thoroughbred
daughter of Asteroid, son of Lexington); third
dam Black Woful by Hamlin Patchen.
Harry Clay, whose register number is 45,
but who passed from Decatur Sayre to Erastus
Coming, and from him to J. D. Willis, was a black
horse, foaled in 1853, and by Cassius M. Clay Jr.
(Neaves), grandson of Henry Clay ; dam Fan by
imported Bellfounder, the sire of the Charles Kent
Mare, dam of Rysdyk's Hambletonian. July 9,
1864, he trotted at Chicago to a record of 2.29.
He was faster than this, but those who knew him
The Clay Family 223
best have frankly conceded that he was not a
resolute race-horse. He had a good deal in him
of what Robert Bonner once, in the heat of con-
troversy, characterized as sawdust. Four trotters
came from his loins, the fastest of which was
Clayton, 9.19. Shawmut, 2.26, one of his sons,
is a speed-producing stallion ; but it is as a brood-
mare sire that Harry Clay stands out with promi-
nence. Flora, one of his daughters, bred to
Volunteer, produced St. Julien, who was a sen-
sational trotter in 1880, taking a record of 2.11^
at Hartford. Another daughter, Hattie Wood,
out of Grandmother by Terror, son of American
Eclipse, challenged national attention at Stony
Ford by producing Gazelle, 2.21, and three suc-
cessful sires. Idol, Louis Napoleon, and Victor
Bismarck. Hattie Hogan by Harry Clay out
of Nellie Sayre by Seely's American Star, pro-
duced Hogarth, who was the champion four-year-
old stallion of 1877, retiring with a record of 2.26.
Her daughters were producers, and Mr. Backman
valued her highly. The greatest of the daugh-
ters of Harry Clay in the Stony Ford collection
was Green Mountain Maid, whose fame will
endure as long as the trotting horse holds a
place in the esteem of mankind. I shall speak
224 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
of her at length under another head. Masetto,
2.08^ ; Hanietta, 2^)9^; Belling 2.1 3^, a producing
sire; and Bodine, 2.19^, were out of daughters
of Harry Clay. The blood of the black son of
Neaves's Cassius M. Clay nicked best with plastic
speed-supporting strains like those of Seely's
American Star and American Eclipse.
CHAPTER XXII
THE BLUE BULL, ROYAL GEORGE, AND OTHER
SUBSIDIARY FAMILIES
What may now be defined as a subsidiary
family is that of Blue Bull. This chestnut horse
was foaled in 1858, bred by Elijah Stone of
Wheatland, Indiana, and sired by a horse called
Pruden's Blue Bull. As a yearling he passed to
Daniel Dorcll of Rising Sun, Indiana, and from
him to James Wilson of Rushville, Indiana, who
developed him and his foals. He was a horse of
strong individuality, a fast pacer, and stamped
himself upon his colts. James Wilson and his
sons were good horsemen, and nothing by the
chestnut stallion that could go escaped training.
When such trotters from the loins of Blue Bull
as Will Cody, 2.19^; Zoe B., 2.20^; Silverton,
2.20^ ; Chance, 2.20^ ; Richard, 2.2 1 ; Mamie,
2.21^; Gladiator, 2.22^; Elsie Good, 2.22^; and
Kate McCall, 2.23, were prominent in Grand
Circuit contests, there was quite a fever to breed
to Blue Bull, notwithstanding his unsatisfactory
Q 22$
226 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
pedigree. This fever abated as time rolled by,
because it was then made plain that the pre-
potency of the Wilson pacer was not strong
enough to dominate generations. Blue Bull died
July II, 1880, and his direct contribution to
the speed list was 56 trotters and four pacers.
Forty-eight of his sons became sires of moderate
capacity, and 108 of his daughters became pro-
ducing dams. The influence of Blue Bull was
felt most largely in the female line. The family
would be weak indeed without the group of pro-
ducing dams. Thirty years ago. when appointed
to make awards in the show ring, I would seri-
ously consider, in breeding classes, animals that
would now be passed by. Fashion changes
because families do not maintain their suprem-
acy. They fade away under the obliterating force
of lines charged with superior vitality.
Royal George
Another subsidiary family is that of Royal
George. This brown horse was foaled about
1844, in Toronto, Ontario. His origin was
obscure, and he did service at Lewiston and
Bu£Falo, and died at St. Catherines. He left four
trotters, Toronto Chief, Lady Byron, Tartar, and
Subsidiary Families 227
Lady Hamilton, and one fairly good producing
son, Field's Royal George, the sire of Byron,
2.2 5 j^. After the Civil War Buffalo became a
great breeding centre, and the blood of Royal
George was at the foundation of some of the estab-
lishments. In this way the strain obtained more
prominence than it otherwise would have done.
T/ie Morse Horse
The Morse Horse, whose number in the reg-
ister is 6, was a gray, foaled in 1834, bred by
James McNitt of Washington County, New
York, and by European, an imported French
horse from Canada ; dam Beck by Harris's Ham-
bletonian, son of Bishop's Hambletonian. He
was owned for many years by Calvin Morse, and
contributed one trotter. Gray Eddy, to the 2.30
list The best of his get was Alexander's Nor-
man, a bay horse foaled in 1848, and dam by
Jersey Highlander, second dam by Bishop's
Hambletonian. In 1859 R. A. Alexander placed
him in the stud at Woodburn, where he became
the chief of a small tribe. Kate Crockett, by
imported Hooton, was bred to him, and the re-
sult was the celebrated trotting mare Lula, 2.15,
dam of Lula Wilkes, dam of Advertiser, 2. 15 J,
228 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
sire of the champion yearling trotter Adbell,
2.23. Lula Wilkes is also the dam of Alia, 2.2 1^^,
and Welbeck, 2.2 2 J. At one time Governor
Stanford thought so well of Advertiser that he
refused an offer of $100,000 for him. The stal-
lion carried the blood of Electioneer and George
Wilkes as well as that of Alexander's Norman,
and an extravagant valuation was put on the
combination. Jenny, daughter of Crockett's
Arabian, was bred to Alexander's Norman,
whose registered number is 25, and the fruit
was May Queen, a trotter of celebrity, who re-
tired with a record of 2.20. May Queen is in
the great brood-mare list as the dam of Maiden,
2.23, and May King, 2.21^. The latter, who is
by Electioneer, is the sire of Bingen, 2.06^, a
producing sire. Election, the brother of May
King, is also a producing sire. A daughter of
Todhunter's Sir Wallace, she out of Eagletta,
thoroughbred daughter of Gray Eagle, was bred
to Alexander's Norman, and the outcome was
Norma, who, bred to Electioneer, produced Nor-
val, 2.i4f, sire of the first great yearling trotter,
Norlaine, 2.31^. Among the more than three-
score trotters of Norval is Countess Eve, with
a record of 2.09J. Norman, 25, passed from
Subsidiary Families 229
Woodburn to Blue Grass Park, where he died
the property of A, Keene Richards, March 31,
187 1. Mr. Richards was the importer of the
Arabian horse, Mokhladi, the sire of Crockett's
Arabian, and of the dam of Sannie G., 2.27.
Alexander's Edwin Forrest, a bay horse, foaled
in 185 1, was by Alexander's Norman, out of a
mare by Bay Kentucky Hunter. He sired Billy
Hoskins, 2.26^; Champagne, 2.30; and a number
of producing sons and daughters. Norman found
his best opportunity in Kentucky in mares de-
scended directly from the thoroughbred race-horse.
His blood is a factor in breeding to-day, but not
a controlling factor.
The Champions
Grinnell's Champion was a chestnut horse,
foaled in 1843, bred by Charles Simonson of
Hempstead, Long Island, and got by Almack, son
of Mambrino, dam Spirit by Engineer, second
dam by American Eclipse. As Engineer, like
Mambrino, was a son of Messenger, there was a
double tracing to the gray thoroughbred im-
ported from England in 1 788. As a three-year-
old Champion was purchased by William R.
Grinnell, who used him in the stud at Aurora,
230 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
New York, and who sold him in 1850 to go to
Independence, Missouri, where he was killed
during the Civil War. Grinnell's Champion
was the founder of the Champion family. Cham-
pion Jr. (King's) was a chestnut horse, foaled in
1849, and by Grinnell's Champion, dam Bird by
Red Bird, a descendant of Duroc, the son of
imported Diomed, and he was in service at Battle
Creek, Michigan, from 1861 to 1865, ^^^ ^^^ ^^
New York in May, 1874. He was the sire of
George B. Daniels, 2.24; Nettie Burlew, 2.24;
and other trotters of moderate capacity. Some
of his sons and daughters were speed producers.
Gooding's Champion was a bay horse, foaled in
1854, by King's Champion, dam Cynthia by Bar-
toulet's Turk. He was owned by T. W. and
W. Gooding of Ontario County, New York, and
is the sire of Naiad Queen, 2.20J; Cosette Boy,
2.21; and 15 other trotters. He also was the
sire of seven dams of trotters, one of which was
Colonel Wood, 2.21 J. The Auburn Horse, a
chestnut gelding, foaled in 1858, and who passed
into the stable of Robert Bonner after he had
trotted to a record of 2.28^ at Auburn, New
York, August 19, 1865, did much to bring the
Champion family to public notice. The Auburn
Subsidiary Families 231
Horse was driven for several years on the road
by Mr. Bonner, and fabulous stories of his speed
got into print. He was by King's Champion.
The family founded by Grinnell's Champion had
not the power to subordinate other families with
which it was brought into contact, and it has
ceased to be an important factor in breeding
establishments.
Hiatoga
The Hiatoga family, to which reference once
was freely made, is now seldom heard of. The
head of it was Hanley's Hiatoga, a bay horse,
foaled in 1849, ^^^ ^y Rice's Hiatoga by a pacer
called Hiatoga taken from Virginia to Ohio. He
sired two trotters of standard speed, and Scott's
Hiatoga, whose blood bred on when not opposed
by stronger blood. Scott's Hiatoga was a bay
horse, foaled in 1858, and his dam was by Blind
Tuckahoe, a pacer. He was a fast pacer himself,
and died at Bradford, Ohio, September 20, 1876.
His best trotter was Lew Scott, a bay gelding,
campaigned for several years by W. H. Crawford,
and who took a record of 2.23 before he died
on the track at Bradford, Pennsylvania, in June,
1880. Eight of the sons of Scott's Hiatoga are
speed producers, and 18 of his daughters are dams
232 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
of speed. Amy Lee, 2.14, and John S. Clark,
2.19I, are the best trotters from his daughters.
SL Lawrence
The St. Lawrence tribe is of minor rank ; still,
it deserves brief mention. Old St Lawrence was
a Canadian, and not much is known of the
maternal line of his son, Foster St Lawrence,
who was owned in Orleans County, New York,
and who sired Harry Mitchell, 2.28f. The vol-
ume of speed descended from St Lawrence is so
small as to plunge the family into obscurity.
MISS RUSSELL
A Wonderfu] Fountain of Speed.
GREEN MOUNTAIN MAID
The Greil Molhsr o( Trotters.
CHAPTER XXIII
GREAT PRODUCING MARES : GREEN MOUNTAIN MAID,
MISS RUSSELL, AND BEAUTIFUL BELLS
There are over 4000 mares in the " Table of
Great Brood Mares," but less than 60 of these
have produced five or more with standard trot-
ting records. Severe critics like Robert Bonner,
Leland Stanford, Charles Backman, and Benjamin
F. Tracy regarded it as objectionable in a mare
to vary in the transmission of form and gait
One of the select brood mares under the high-
est test is Green Mountain Maid. Others have
produced a greater average of speed, but there is
none whose blood has bred on with such deep
persistence. I regard her as the greatest of
matrons. Green Mountain Maid was a brown
mare of 15 hands, with star and white hind ankles,
foaled in 1862; bred by Samuel Conklin of Mid-
dletown. Orange County, New York, and got
by Harry Qay, 45 (son of Neaves's Cassius M.
Clay Jr.), dam Shanghai Mary, a bloodlike mare
of nervous temperament from Ohio and supposed
233
234 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
to be by Iron's Cadmus, a grandson of American
Eclipse. The first time I saw Green Mountain
Maid was in a large paddock at the Sunshine
Stud of D. B. Irwin, who owned the stallion
Middletown by Rysdyk's Hambletonian. She
was a self-willed filly, and having been frightened
by a dog barking at her heels, was bred to Mid-
dletown instead of being trained. Charles Back-
man purchased her for 1(450 in foal, and from
that hour until her death she enjoyed the freedom
of the pastures of Stony Ford without ever being
touched by harness. The bay filly by Middle-
town was bom in the fields during a heavy
rainstorm in the spring of 1867. The filly was
puny-looking, and the wonder was that she sur-
vived the shock of birth. She was called Storm,
was sold at auction for 1(140, and at maturity was
driven on the road and used as a brood mare.
At the age of 1 7 she trotted to a record of 2.26^.
With Storm by her side Green Mountain Maid
was led across the hills to Chester and bred to
Hambletonian. The result was a bay colt, foaled
May 2, 1868, and named Electioneer. He was
never regularly trained, but as a three-year-old
trotted a quarter to wagon in 38 seconds.
In the fall of 1876 Leland Stanford visited
Great Producing Mares 235
Stony Ford, and was so much pleased with the
form of Electioneer that he paid the price asked
for him, 1(12,500, and shipped him to California.
He was eight years old at the time, but had not
been used much in the stud and left very few
colts east of the Alleghany Mountains. At Palo
Alto Stock Farm he was bred to mares of differ-
ent families, and impressed his trotting form and
action upon all of them. His descendants are
legion, and champion records are distributed all
along the line of descent. After the birth of
Electioneer, Green Mountain Maid was bred
without exception to Messenger Duroc, son of
Hambletonian. As Hambletonian died in 1876,
there was no chance to return her to that horse
after Electioneer began to prove his worth. The
produce of 1869 was the black colt Prospero,
who was gelded and sold to W. M. Parks, who
campaigned him and trotted him to a record of
2.20. Prospero died from the effects of an injury
to his jaw-bone. The foal of 1870 was Dame
Trot, who trotted at eight years old to a record
of 2.22, and was a producer of speed. The fifth
foal, Paul, was driven on the road, where he
showed a 2.30 gait. Miranda, chestnut filly,
born in 1872, trotted to a record of 2.31, driver
236 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
and sulky weighing over 300 pounds. She is a
source of speed. The seventh foal of Green
Mountain Maid, a colt, died of a broken leg.
The brown filly Elaine came in 1874. She was
the champion four-year-old trotter of 1878, with
a record of 2.24^. She was sold to Leland Stan-
ford, in whose hands she reduced her record to
2.20, and developed into a great brood mare.
Bred to General Benton, she produced Elsie, dam
of five in the list, including Palita, 2.16, and Rio
Alto, 2.16^. Bred to Ansel, she produced An-
selma, 2.29^. Bred to Norval, she produced Nor-
laine, who was the champion yearling trotter of
1887, with a record of 2.31 J. Bred to Palo Alto,
she produced Palatine, 2.18, and Iran Alto, 2.12^,
a producing sire. Elaine was true to her dam,
the great mother of trotters. In 1876 Green
Mountain Maid gave birth to a chestnut colt,
Mansfield, who trotted to a record of 2.26 after
being used in the stud. He is a sire of trotters
and of the sires and dams of trotters. The
brown filly, Elise, was born in 1877. She
capped her hip as a yearling, and was put to
breeding. She is in the great brood-mare list
Elite, a bay filly, the foal of 1878, trotted half-
miles in her work in 1.09, and passed to Wood-
Great Producing Mares 237
burn Farm, where she contributed three trotters
to the list Antonio, 1880, was the twelfth foal,
and although small, he was truly balanced, with
beautiful action. There probably was too much
fold of knee for long-contested races, but intense
action is desirable in a stallion who is expected
to control gait, especially when bred to long-
striding mares. Antonio trotted to a record of
2.28f after one summer's handling, but showed
bursts of 2.12 speed. He died soon after Mr.
Backman had refused 1^30,000 for him. The
fastest of his 17 trotters is Swift, 2.07. Elista,
the fourteenth foal, passed to Allen Farm, where
she trotted to a record of 2.2o|, and is the dam
of Elision, 2.17, and of Kiosk, a producing sire.
Elista died young. Elina was the fifteenth foal,
and she trotted to a record of 2.28 before joining
brood-mare ranks. Lancelot was the sixteenth
and last foal of Green Mountain Maid. I saw
him an hour after he was bom, and only the
g^atest watchfulness preserved his life. Novem-
ber 16, 1888, he was sold as a yearling to Will-
iam Russell Allen for ;(( 12,590, the largest price
ever paid for a trotting yearling up to that date.
He trotted to a five-year-old record of 2.23, and
previous to being sold to go to Austria sired at
238 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Allen Farm 11 trotters and pacers, and sires
and dams of speed. On an eminence overlook-
ing the Wallkill at Stony Ford is the grave of
Green Mountain Maid, marked by a tall shaft
of red granite, with this inscription: —
Lancelot (1887), 2.23
Also Grand Dam of Norlaine, one-year-old record 2.31}
This stone was erected a.d. 1889, by Charles Backman, on the spot
dedicated to her worth and honored by her dust
Although Electioneer was without record, he
did more to fix the rank of Green Mountain
Maid than all of those which obtained records.
In Remembrance
I
of
GREEN MOUNTAIN MAID
The Great Mother of Trotters and Producers of Trotters |
Born 1862 — Died 1888
1
at
Stony Ford
The
Birthplace of all Her Children
Dam of
•
Electioneer
1867
Prospero,
2.20
Elaine,
2.20
Dame Trot, 2.22
Mansfield,
2.26
Storm,
2.26}
Antonio
2.28t
Miranda,
2.31
Elista,
2.20|
£lite,
Elise,
Elina,
2.28
Paul,
Great Producing Mares 239
A horse of his wonderful prepotency marks the
sweep of centuries instead of years, and cannot
do otherwise than lift his mother into the fore-
most place of matrons. In her young days
Green Mountain Maid led the brood mares at
Stony Ford at a trot; she could go no other
gait.
Miss Russell
I place Miss Russell but a shade lower than
Green Mountain Maid. She was a gray mare,
foaled in 1865; bred by R. A. Alexander; sired
by Pilot Jr. ; dam Sally Russell by Boston ; sec-
ond dam Maria Russell by Thornton's Rattler;
third dam Miss Shepherd by Stockholder ; fourth
dam Miranda by Topgallant; and fifth dam by
imported Diomed. She spent all her life under
the trees of Woodburn, and died full of years and
crowned with fame. J. H. Wallace questioned
the pedigree of Sally Russell, and in a letter sent
to me for publication Superintendent Brodhead
gave a concise history of the controversy : ** Long
before the registration of trotting pedigrees
passed from the hands of Mr. Wallace he made
an attack on the pedigree of Sally Russell, the
grand-dam of Maud S. All the facts in regard
to the pedigree were brought out and its authen-
240 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
ticity demonstrated beyond a doubt The evi-
dence was so conclusive that Mr. Wallace dared
not bring the matter before the Board of Censors
of the National Trotting Horse Breeders' Asso-
ciation, which settled all pedigrees of doubtful
authenticity and was the authorized tribunal of
Wallace's Trotting Register, Mr. Wallace made
frequent attacks on this pedigree in the p^ers,
but continued to register animals tracing to it,
thus perpetrating in the Register what he pre-
tended to be a fraud, when his duty as registrar
was to have the Board of Censors pass upon it
and expunge it from the Register if found in-
correct. These attacks were continued until
1893, when the matter was brought before the
Board of Censors and the Executive Committee
of the American Trotting Register Association.
Mr. Wallace was advised that on a certain date
the pedigree would be taken up, and requested
to be present. At the time appointed I went to
Chicago, hoping that Mr. Wallace would be
present and produce whatever evidence he might
have bearing on the pedigree of Sally Russell,
but he had no evidence and prudently stayed
away. In the presentation of the case I endeav-
ored to bring all of the evidence bearing on the
Great Producing Mares 241
pedigree before the Board, including the objec-
tions of Mr. Wallace, and in so doing presented
the original documents or sources from which
evidence was obtained. I insisted on the gentle-
men composing the Board examining the origi-
nals, which they did with great care, taking the
deepest interest in the investigation, and patiently
examining each document as presented."
The official decision was that Sally Russell
was a thoroughbred daughter of Boston. It is
easy by insinuation or invention to assail char-
acter or pedigree, but to prove the case is quite
another matter. The first of Miss Russell's 18
foals was Nutwood, chestnut colt (1870), by
Belmont. He trotted to a record of 2.i8f, and
was in the stud in California, Kentucky, Iowa,
and elsewhere. The measure of his fertility was
a roster of 133 trotters and 35 pacers. He was a
very great stallion, but under the high trotting
standard was not the equal of Electioneer. His
fastest trotter is Lockheart, 2.08^, and his fastest
pacer is Manager, 2.o6f . There are no champion
performers, no epoch-makers, among his sons and
daughters. But 135 of his sons and 126 of his
daughters are speed producers. His grandsons
are also speed producers. The blood that breeds
242 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
on in this way is thoroughly alive. The brothers
of Nutwood are Nutbourne (1877, died at 12
years), and Pistachio (1886), both sires oi speed.
The sisters of Nutwood are Lady Nutwood
(1870); Cora Belmont, 2.24J (1872); Nutula
(1879), a producing mare; and Rusina (1887), a
producing dam. Maud S. by Harold was foaled
in 1874, and she was the undisputed queen of the
trotting turf for 11 years. Her 2.c>8f to high-
wheel sulky, without artificial support, over a
regulation track, made in 1885, has never been
beaten. Lady Russell (1882), sister of Maud S.,
died at II years, after producing Expedition,
2.i5f ; Re-Election, 2.27!; ^^^ Electrix, 2.28^.
Russella (1880) and Russia, 2.28 (1883), ^^^^
sisters of Maud S. and fountains of speed. Lord
Russell (1881), brother of Maud S., is the sire of
Kremlin, 2.07f, and 30 others in the list. His
sons and daughters also are producers. Pilot
Russell (1885), brother of Lord Russell, failed
for lack of opportunity. Mambrino Russell
(1878) by Woodford Mambrino is the sire of
17 performers, and 18 of his sons and 20 of his
daughters are producers. Rustique (1888) by
Electioneer trotted to a record of 2.i8| and died
young. Suffrage (1889), sister of Rustique, is
Gre^:^ Producing Mares 243
a brood mare at Allen Farm. Sclavonic (1890)
by King Wilkes is the last foal of Miss Russell,
and he has a pacing record of 2.1 5 J. The filly
of 1875 di^ ^ot live. Miss Russell trotted in
2.44 as a three-year-old, but was not regularly
trained. She was always an object of romantic
interest at Woodbum, and bore herself like an
aristocratic dame. She was as white as a ghost
when she died at the age of 32, leaving a power-
ful tribe of performers, which steadily increases
with passing generations.
Beautiful Bells
I place Beautiful Bells third in the select group
of great brood mares. She was black, 15.2, star
and strip, ofiF hind ankle white, foaled in 1872 ;
bred by L. J. Rose, Sunny Slope, California,
and by The Moor ; dam Minnehaha by Bald Chief
(Stevens') by Bay Chief (Alexander's), son of
Mambrino Chief and the daughter of Keokuk by
imported Truffle; second dam Nettie Clay by
Cassius M. Clay Jr., 22; third dam Colonel Mor-
gan Mare by Abdallah (sire of Hambletonian) ;
and fourth dam by Engineer 2d, sire of Lady
Suffolk, 2.28. The Moor was by Clay Pilot (son
of Cassius M. Clay Jr., 20, and Lady Pilot by
244 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
Pilot, sire of Pilot Jr.), dam Belle of Wabash, 240,
by Young Bassinger, by Lieutenant Bassinger;
second dam by imported William Fourth. The
pedigree of Belle of Wabash was questioned by
]• H. Wallace, but George C. Stevens of Wiscon-
sin, who owned her when she was nulling The
Moor, convinced an impartial public that he had
correctly recorded it Beautiful Bells was a high-
strung mare with considerable speed at the trot,
and she retired from the turf with a record of 2.29^.
She was purchased in 1879 by Leland Stanford,
and made an enviable reputation as a brood mare
at Palo Alto. She was bred almost steadily to
Electioneer, and her first foal, Hinda Rose (1880),
brown filly, trotted as a yearling to a record of
2.36^, as a two-year-old to a record of 2.32, and
as a three-year-old to a record of 2.19^. Alta
Belle (1881), brown filly, is a producing dam.
St Bel (1882), black colt, trotted in 2.24^ at four
years old and died in his ninth year at Prospect
Hill Stock Farm, Pennsylvania. He was a great
producing stallion considering the brevity of his
life. Rosemont (1883), ^^y ^Uy, by Piedmont, is
the dam of three trotters and a grand-dam of
speed. Chimes (1884), brown colt, by Electioneer,
trotted in 2.30^ as a three-year-old, and at Village
Great Producing Mares 245
Farm became a remarkable sire of speed. Bell
Boy (1885), brown colt, brother of Chimes, trotted
in 2.26 as a two-year-old and in 2.19^ as a three-
year-old, and was sold at auction for $51,000. He
died soon after the sale and is the sire of 14 in
the list and of five producing sires. One of these
sires is Liberty Bell, 2.24, sire of Tommy Britton,
2.o6f Palo Alto Belle (1886), bay filly, trotted to
a three-year-old record of 2.22^, and is a produc-
ing dam. Bow Bells (1887), bay colt, trotted to
a record of 2.19^, and is a sire of fast trotters
and pacers, one of which is Boreal, 2.15! at three
years old, and sire of Boralma, 2.07. Bow Bells
died at Hartford in 1902. Electric Bel (1888),
brown colt, is the sire of 13 in the list, including
Captor, 2.09J. Belleflower (1889), brown filly,
trotted to a four-year-old record of 2.1 2 J and then
entered breeding ranks. Bell Bird (1890), brown
filly, trotted to a yearling record of 2.26J, and was
reserved for breeding purposes. Belsire (1891),
brown colt, trotted to a record of 2.18, and is a
producing sire. Day Bell (1892), black colt, by
Palo Alto, was sold to E. A. Manice of Pittsfield,
Massachusetts, where he died before he had a
chance to distinguish himself. He has two in the
list Adbell (1893), brown colt, by Advertiser, son
246 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
of Electioneer, trotted as a yearling to a record
of 2.23, which is the best of its kind. He is a pro-
ducing sire, the best of his get being Rowellen,
2.09f. In Kentucky, in the autumn of 1902,
Adbell broke his leg while at play in his paddock
and was destroyed. Adebel, 2.29}, and Monbels,
2.2 3|-, are the youngest of the trotters of Beauti-
ful Bells, giving her 1 1 in the list Monbels was
trained as a four-year-old simply for the purpose
of putting a record on him. He was foaled in
1897, and is by Mendocino, 2.19^ (son of Elec-
tioneer), sire of Monte Carlo, 2.07^ ; and Idolita,
2.09^. Beautiful Bells grew old gracefully at
Palo Alto, and the memory of when I saw her
last, in the shade of a tree, will always be with me.
She was a remarkable producer ; but what would
she have been without the aid of Green Mountain
Maid ? With one exception all the foals of Beau-
tiful Bells were by Electioneer or one of his sons.
Minnehaha, the dam of Beautiful Bells, also
ranks high as a producer. She is the dam of
eight trotters, including Sweetheart, 2.22^, and
Eva, 2.23; of six producing sons, one of which
is Alcazar, 2.20^, sire of 12 in the list and of
two producing sires ; and more than one of her
daughters is a producing dam. Red Heart, who
Great Producing Mares 247
is out of Sweetheart, has a record of 2.19, and
one of his trotters is Chain Shot, 2.06^.
The success of Beautiful Bells emphasized the
fact that a chain of producing dams is desirable
in a pedigree.
The Moor, who sired Beautiful Bells, died at
the age of eight, and among the six trotters
sired by him was Sultan, 2.24. He was a brown
horse of commanding appearance, foaled in 1875 ;
dam Sultana by Delmonico by Guy Miller, an
inbred son of Rysdyk's Hambletonian ; second
dam Celeste by Mambrino Chief ; and third dam
by Downing's Bay Messenger. He sired 42
trotters and 10 pacers, and 21 producing sons
and 22 producing daughters, and died at Ab-
dallah Park, Cynthiana, Kentucky, having been
sold by Mr. Rose to W. H. Wilson. The most
distinguished of Sultan's get was Stamboul,
dam Fleetwing by Hambletonian; second dam
Patchen Maid by George M. Patchen, 2.23}; and
third dam by Abdallah. Fleetwing also pro-
duced Ruby, 2.19! ; and Lady Mackay, dam of
Oakland Baron, 2.09^, Lucy R., 2. 18 J, and Semi-
Tropic, 2.24. Mr. Rose, who bred Stamboul, was
an optimist, and the stallion was kept constandy
before the public. A glamour was thrown around
248 The TrMing and the Pacing Horse
him and there was much curiosity to see him
when he was brought East in his ten-year-old
form. He had won the $20,000 stallion race in
1888, and in the autumn of 1892 fought a long-
distance duel with Kremlin for the stallion crown.
The record dropped by fractions; and as Stam-
boul had the last trial at it the announcement
was that he had trotted in 2.07^, beating by a
quarter of a second the record of Kremlin.
Stamboul's performance at Stockton was rejected
by the American Trotting Register Association,
but accepted by the National Trotting Associa-
tion. At the Hobart sale in Madison Square
Garden, Mr. £. H. Harriman purchased Stam-
boul for 1(41,000, and placed him at the head of
Arden Farms breeding establishment, where he
remained until he died. He was exhibited at the
National Horse Show, New York, 1894, 1896,
and 1897, and carried ofiF the highest honors.
Stamboul has 46 in the list, and his grave is
prominent in the infield of the Orange County
Driving Park at Goshen.
CHAPTER XXIV
OTHER GREAT PRODUCING MARES, INCLUDING
CLARA, ALMA MATER, AND DAME WINNIE
I PLACE Clara high in the group of great
brood mares for the reason that extreme speed
at the trot has come from her. She was a black,
14.3 hands, foaled in 1848, and died in 1875 ; by
Seely's American Star, dam the McKinstry
mare (dam of Shark, 2.27! ^^ saddle). In 1858,
when ten years old, she produced, at the Jona-
than Hawkins Farm in Orange County, the brown
colt Dexter by Hambletonian. He was gelded,
and trotted to a record of 2. 17 J. He was a posi-
tive champion when tracks and sulkies were slow,
and I believe would have transmitted a high rate
of speed if he had been kept entire. Lady Dex-
ter, sister of Dexter, was bom in 1861. She was
a. bay mare of 15 hands and was in breeding
ranks at Stony Ford. She is the dam of Dexter
Prince and Prince George, both by Kentucky
Prince. Dexter Prince passed to Palo Alto,
where he showed a very high rate of speed as a
250 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
two-year-old and was placed in the stud. He is
the sire of 63 in the list, and his fastest trotters
are Eleata, 2.08^, and James L., 2.09}. Twelve oi
his daughters are dams of speed and five of his
sons are sires. Prince George is the sire of the
great yearling trotter Princess Clara, 2.26^ in a
race, and others. Dictator (brother of Dexter),
foaled in 1863, never started in public and is
without a record. He is the sire, however, of
extreme speed. One of his sons, Jay-eye-see,
dethroned Maud S. when he trotted to a record
of 2.10. Later, when a cripple. Jay-eye-see
shifted his gait to the pace, which is easier than
the trot, and gained a record at this way of going
at 2.06^. Phallas, 2.i3f, who was the champion
trotting stallion of his day, was a son of Dictator;
and he is a sire of speed. Director, 2.17, was
from the loins of Dictator, and he is the sire of
the once champion trotting stallion Directum,
2.05I, and 56 others in the list. Among the 43
producing daughters of Director are the dams
of John A. McKerron, 2.04^, and Ozanam, 2.08.
Direct, who trotted in 2.18J and paced to a rec-
ord of 2.05^ to high-wheel sulky, is the sire of
54 in the list, among them the pacers Directly,
2.03J, and Direct Hal, 2.04J, and the trotter
other Great Producing Mares 251
Directum Kelly, four-year-old record 2.08^.
Among the 108 producing daughters of Dictator
are the dams of Lockheart, 2.08^, and of Nancy
Hanks, 2.04, an ex-queen of the trotting turf.
Here we have the brother of Dexter transmitting
extreme speed from generation to generation.
Alma, 2.28f, Astoria, 2.29^, and Aida are three
producing sisters of Dexter. Almera, by Ken-
tucky Prince, out of Alma, is the dam of five in
the list, all by Kremlin. Kearsarge (1864) by
Volunteer is a producing sire, and his sisters,
Corinne and Hyacinth, are producing dams.
Metropolitan is one of the producing sons of
Hyacinth, and Reina Victoria is her great pro-
ducing daughter. She is the dam of four with
records, including Muscovite, 2.18, and Princeton,
2.i9f, both good sires of speed. Galatea, dam of
Prefix, dam of Liberty Bell, 2.24, sire of Tommy
Britton, 2.06^, is a daughter of Hyacinth; and
Prefix, dam of Prince of India, 2.23;^^, sire of
Prince of Orange, 2.06^, is out of Galatea. We
follow the blood of Clara link by link, and as the
chain lengthens discover extreme speed. This is
a supreme test of merit. Twilight, the second
dam of Jay-eye-see, was a thoroughbred by Lex-
ington out of Daylight by imported Glencoe.
252 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
Orator, 2.23, and Impetuous, three-year-old
trotting record 2.13, are by Dictator, out of
Ethelwyn by Harold; second dam Kathleen
by Pilot Jr., *and third dam Little Miss, thor-
oughbred daughter of imported Sovereign. The
power to control action out of mares with a
strong running inheritance is another high test
of merit.
Alma Mater
Alma Mater, chestnut mare, foaled in 1872, by
Mambrino Patchen, dam Estella, thoroughbred
daughter of imported Australian, second dam
Fanny G. by imported Margrave, was a remark-
able producer of trotters, and she confounded the
critics who objected to the thoroughbred founda-
tion for light-harness purposes. Her first foal,
Alcantara by George Wilkes, trotted to a four-
year-old record of 2.23, and is the sire of 153 in
2.30, and a host of producing sons and daughters.
Alcyone (1877), brother of Alcantara, has a rec-
ord of 2.27, and is the sire of Martha Wilkes,
2.08; Bush, 2.09^; Harrietta, 2.09f; and 56
others in 2.30. Among his scores of producing
sons is Mc Kinney, 2.1 1 J, sire of five 2.10 trotters,
and fifty others in the list. His daughters also
rank high as producers. Alcyone died when
other Great Producing Mares 253
ten years old, and his success for that short
space of time was dazzling. Arbiter (1878) by
Administrator trotted to a record to 2.22f, and
is a producing sire. AUine (1880) by Belmont
is the dam of two in the list. Alfonso (1886) by
Baron Wilkes is the sire of 18 in 2.30. AUen-
dorf (1883) by Onward is the sire of 32 in the
list. Other producing sons are Alsatian and
Baron Alexander. The nine trotters from Alma
Mater are Allendorf, 2.19J; Arbiter, 2.2 2f;
Alcantara, 2.23; Almater (by Hambrino), 2.24 J;
Alcyone, 2.27 ; Amami (by Wilton), 2.28I ; Alicia,
2.30; Alsatian, 2.30; and Baron Alexander, 2.30.
Almeta (by Almont) has a record of 2.32I. This
is a wonderful showing — speed from six different
stallions.
Australian was a richly bred horse by West
Australian out of Emelia by Young Emilius, she
out of Persian by Whisker; and he died at Wood-
burn, where he was a noted sire of race-horses.
j Margrave was also a richly bred horse, by Muley,
out of Election, and tracing directly to Crofts Bay
Barb and Burton's Barb Mare. He was im-
ported into Virginia in 1835. If speed is not
interchangeable, why should the half-running
bred Alma Mater have become the mother of
254 The Trotting and tbe Pofing Horse
a prolific family of trotters? When eighteen
years old Alma Mater was sold for $15,000 to
W. S. Hobart of California.
Dame Winnie
Dame Winnie, a strictly thoroughbred mare,
also accomplished wonders in the trotting stud.
She was a chestnut, 15.2, foaled in 1871 ; bred by
A. J. Alexander; by Planet, dam Liz Mardis by
imported Glencoe, a first-class race-horse in Eng-
land, who sired the immortal Pocahontas, dam
of Stockwell, Rataplan, and King Tom, and
whose blood has exalted value in America;
second dam, Fanny G. by imported Margrave;
third dam Lancess by Lance, son of American
Eclipse; and fourth dam Aurora by Aratus.
Planet was by Revenue, son of Trustee, dam
Nina by Boston by Timoleon by Sir Archy
by imported Diomed; second dam Frolicksome
Fanny, who traced directly to the live Waxy
line. Rosalie Sommers, the dam of Planet, was
by Sir Charles by Sir Archy, the Godolphin of
America. Planet was the first foal of Nina, and
Exchequer, his brother, was the second foal. As
Trustee, who was by Catton, out of Emma by
Whisker, was the sire of Trustee Jr., the first
i
other Great Producing Mares 255
horse to trot twenty miles in an hour, and as he
was the sire of Head'em, sire of the dam of
George M. Patchen, to say nothing of John Nel-
son, the sire of Nerea, 2.23^, when Governor Stan-
ford's agent came to the office of the Turf, Field
and Farm for advice with regard to thorough-
bred mares to breed to Electioneer, his attention
was called to Dame Winnie. The purchase was
made, and the chestnut daughter of Planet be-
came a famous dam of trotters at Palo Alto.
Her record sons and daughters are: Big Jim
(188 1, gelded) by General Benton, 2.23^; Palo
Alto (1882), bay colt by Electioneer, 2.20J at
four years, 2.1 2 J at seven years, and 2.08 J at
nine years; Gertrude Russell (1883), bay filly, by
Electioneer, 2.23^; Altivo (1890), bay colt, by
Electioneer, 2.18^; and Paola (1887), bay colt,
by Electioneer, 2.18. Palo Alto was one of
the gamest race-horses that ever wore harness,
and his record to high-wheel sulky, 2.o8f, has
never been beaten by a stallion that way rigged.
He died at ten years old, and is the sire of 15
in the list, including Iran Alto, 2.12:^, and
Pasonte, 2.13. Gertrude Russell broke down
in training and is a producing mare. Paola
and Altivo are sires of speed. Exchequer,
256 Tbe Trotting and tbe Pacing Hone
the brother of Planet, forced his way into the
Trotting Register by siring Lucile, 2.21, and
Rigolette, 2.22. He also is the sire of a
speed-producing dam.
I have elaborated the pedigree of Dame
Winnie in order to show that she was not from
dead or cast-off lines. She traces to progenitors
who are at the foundation of the thoroughbred
structure, and which have strengthened it from
decade to decade. Her germ plasms, however,
must have had a plastic bent to allow her to
become such a conspicuous mother of trotters.
It is a striking fact that Fanny G., the second
dam of Alma Mater, should also be the second
dam of Dame Winnie. Liz Mardis, by imported
Glencoe, was her first foal, and Estella, by im-
ported Australian, was her tenth foal.
Beulah was a bay mare, foaled in 1881, and by
Harold, dam Sally B. by Lever, thoroughbred
son of Lexington and Levity by imported
Trustee ; second dam by old Pilot, sire of Pilot
Jr. She is the dam of Beuzetta, 2.o6f, by
Onward; Early Bird, 2.10, by Jay Bird; Honey
H., 2.28f ; Juanita, 2.29; Roberta A., 2.29^; and
Judex, 2.29f. Here are six trotters, but only
Early Bird and Beuzetta can be regarded as high-
other Great Producing Mares 257
class. As a three-year-old Beuzetta won the
Kentucky Futurity, worth 1^31,430, for her owner,
E. W. Ayers of Woodford County, Kentucky,
and took a record of 2.i2|^. Early Bird is a
producing sire. The blood of Lexington and
Trustee has proved speed-sustaining blood in
other trotters of renown.
Primrose was a bay mare, foaled in 1865; by
Alexander's Abdallah, dam Black Rose by Tom
Teemer; second dam by Cannon's Whip; and
third dam by Robin Grey. It was my good
fortune to see her often at Woodburn, where
she died, and her sister, Malmaison, dam of
Malice, Manetta, Manfred, and Irma G. Her
first foal was Princeps (1870), by Woodford
Mambrino, and he passed to R. S. Veech and
made a great name at Indian Hill Stock Farm,
near Louisville. He is the sire of 47 trotters,
including Greenlander, 2.12, and Trinket, 2.14;
of five pacers and of 40 sires and 44 dams of speed.
Primrose is the dam of six trotters and of 10 sires
of trotters. She died in March, 1 893, leaving a rec-
ord for uniformity which is equalled by but few.
Lark, bay mare, foaled in 1875, by Abdallah
Mambrino, dam by Norman, has contributed
eight trotters to the 2.30 list, three of which have
258 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
records of 2.20 or better. This is a great show-
ing for a mare that was not favorably situated to
achieve success.
Sontag Mohawk, gray mare, foaled in 1875, by
Mohawk Chief, dam Sontag Nellie by Toronto
Sontag, made a distinguished record at Palo
Alto. She is the dam of eight trotters, one of
which, Norhawk, has a record of 2.15^, and
another, Sally Benton, trotted to a four-year-old
record of 2.1 y^. Conductor, one of her produc-
ing sons, has a record of 2.14^, and is the sire
of Walnut Hall, 2.09J, and of 1 7 others. Another
son, Eros, 2.29^, is the sire of Dione, 2.07J, and
18 others. One of her daughters, Sally Benton,
is the dam of Surpol, 2.10. Sontag Mohawk was
fertile to six di£Ferent stallions.
Soprano, bay mare, foaled in 1875, by Strath-
more, dam Abbess by Albion, is the dam of eight
trotters and two pacers ; and one of her sons,
C. F. Clay, 2.18, is the sire of 42 trotters, includ-
ing Leola, 2.10J, and 17 pacers.
Dolly Smith, brown mare, foaled in 1879, by
Mambrino Chief Jr. (son of Mambrino Chief and
a thoroughbred mare by Birmingham), dam Maid
by Surprise, thoroughbred son of Bonnie Scot-
land, is the dam of five trotters and two pacers.
other Great Producing Mares 259
Her fastest trotters are Phoebe Wilkes, 2.08^, and
Prime, 2.1 2 J. Her fastest pacer is Phebon W.,
2.10J. When we consider the blood lines of
Dolly Smith, and that her performers are by dif-
ferent stallions, we look at her with an expression
of wonder. She made herself fashionable.
Bicara was a bay mare, foaled in 1 871, by
Harold, dam Belle by Mambrino Chief. Bred to
Woodford Mambrino, she produced, in 1887, the
bay colt Pancoast, who trotted to a record of
2.2 if, and is the sire of Cuylercoast, 2.1 1, and 24
others in the list. Among the score of producing
sons by Pancoast are Patron, 2.14J; Ponce
de Leon, 2.13; Prodigal, 2.16; and Patronage,
sire of Alix, 2.03^. The daughters also are pro-
ducers of great speed. Bicara is the dam of six
trotters, and her blood is much sought after.
Mabel L., black mare, foaled in 1880, by Victor,
son of General Knox, dam Hippenheimer by Vol-
unteer, has five trotters, including Reina, 2. 12 J,
and Judge Keeler, 2.14. General B. F. Tracy
is the owner of Mabel L. He also owns Hannah
Price, brown mare, by Arthurton (son of Hamble-
tonian and Imogene by Seely's American Star),
dam Priceless, an old-time trotter, by Mystery.
She is the dam of five, one of which is Lesa
26o Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Wilkes, 2.09. Annie G., the first foal of Hannah
Price, is the dam of five, and two other daughters
are speed producers.
Charm, bay mare, foaled in 1884; by Santa
Claus, 2. 1 7 J, dam Toto (sister of Trinket, 2.14)
by Princeps, is the dam of eight trotters, three of
which have records of better than 2.16, and five
of which have records of better than 2.18. Her
rank is very high. Toto, dam of Charm, was a
disappointment as a trotter, but she is the dam of
three with records from 2.1 3 J to 2.29^.
Mabel, by Mambrino Howard (son of Mam-
brino Chief), dam Contention by AUie West, 2.25
(son of Almont and daughter of Mambrino Chief),
is the dam of three trotters and two pacers. One
of her trotters is Nightingale, 2.10^, and the
other is Cresceus, the champion stallion. The
blood of the foundation sire, Mambrino Chief, it
will be observed, is doubled in her.
Lucia, bay mare, foaled 1876, by Jay Gould,
2.21^, dam Lucy, 2. 18 J, by George M. Patchen,
2.23^, is descended on both sides from performers ;
and she is the dam of six trotters, two of which,
Edgardo, 2.i3f, and Hurly Burly, 2.16J, are pro-
ducing sires. Two of the daughters are produc-
ing dams.
other Great Producing Mares 261
Marguerite, a bay mare, foaled 1876; by Ken-
tucky Prince, dam Young Daisy (dam of Prince
Lavalard, 2.1 if, Wellington, 2.20, and Graylight,
2,1 6 J) by Strideaway (son of Black Hawk Tele-
graph and the famous pacer Pocahontas by Iron s
Cadmus), is the dam of six, — Marguerite A., 2.1 2^ ;
Axtellion, 2.15^; Axworthy (3), 2.15^; King
Darlington, 2.16; Mary A., 2.27^; and Colonel
Axtell (2), 2.30. She is descended from producers
of a high rate of speed in male and female line,
and is a great producer herself.
Rosebud is a bay mare of 15.3, foaled 1881,
by General Washington (son of General Knox
and Lady Thorn), dam Goldsmith Maid, 2.14, by
Alexander's Abdallah. Her mother trotted 114
heats in 2.20 and better, when 2.20 was a high
measure of speed. When I saw Rosebud at
Fashion Stud Farm, in 1887, her breeder and
owner, Henry N. Smith, told me that she was
nervous like her mother, and required kicking
straps in harness. She had, in 1885, a filly by
Jay Gould, which the mother did not nurse, and
it was raised by hand on milk and lime-water.
This filly showed a fine gait as a yearling, but
she got frightened and died of a broken spirit.
Rosebud is in the great brood-mare list as the
262 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
dam of four trotters. One of these, Artus, is a
producing sire. Stranger, the brother of Rose-
bud, is the sire of 39, among them Colonel Kuser,
2.11^, and Ballona, 2.11^. Boodle, by Stranger,
out of Bride by Jay Gould, she out of Tiny by
Ethan Allen, trotted to a record of 2.12^, and
among his trotters are Ethel Down, 2.10, and
Thompson, 2.14^. Colonel Kuser, another son
of Stranger, is the sire of Belle Kuser, 2.08^.
The blood of Goldsmith Maid is breeding on
better than I at one time expected that it
would do.
Lady Russell, gray mare, foaled 1882, by
Harold, dam Miss Russell, was early put to
breeding, and she is the dam of five in the
list — Expedition, i.isf, sire of 40, including
Mary P. Leybum, 2.1 1 J; Alcatraz, 2.i6|^ at the
pace; Re-Election, 2.2 7 J (sire of Refina, 2.08^);
Electrix, 2.28^ (dam of Proscription, 2.24^, and
Impeachment, 2.18^); and Lady Kin, 2.30, trial
2.23. Rossignol, by King Wilkes, out of Lady
Russell, is a brood mare at Allen Farm, and the
dam of Ka, 2.23^; Krishna, 2.24}; and Kamala,
2.28, — all by Kremlin, son of the brother of Lady
RusselL This is a wonderful record for a mare
killed by lightning at eleven years old.
other Great Producing Mares 263
Manette, bay mare, 15.1, foaled August, 1878;
bred by J. W. Knox, California; by Nutwood,
2.i8f, dam Emblem (sister of Voltaire, 2.20J)
by Tattler, 2,26 (son of Pilot Jr. and Telltale,
thoroughbred daughter of Telamon) ; second dam
Young Portia, by Mambrino Chief, — is by right
of inheritance a great producer. Oro Fino, her
first foal, by Eros (son of Electioneer), trotted to
a record of 2.18, and became a brood mare.
Helen T., by Electioneer, the fourth foal of
Manette, was used as a brood mare at Bitter
Root Farm, the great Montana breeding estab-
lishment of Marcus Daly, and she there produced
Potential, 2.29^, a sire of speed. Arion, the
brother of Helen T., came in 1889, and he is
the champion two-year-old trotter, and a growing
sire. Athel, the brother of Arion, was bom in
1890, and Hon. F. P. Olcott paid $25,000 for
him at auction to place at the head of his stud at
Round Top Farm, at Bernardsville, New Jersey.
Thus far the best of Athel's trotters is Bugle,
2. 1 2 J. Manaloa; by Advertiser out of Manette,
has a record of 2.26^. The rank of Manette as
a fountain of speed steadily grows.
Merry Clay, by Harry Clay 45, dam Ethel-
berta, the noted producing daughter of Harold,
264 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
was bred to Artillery, 2.21^, son of Hambletonian
and Wells Star by Seely's American Star, and
the ofiFspring was Bellini, who trotted to a record
of 2.13^, and is the sire of 15 in the list, includ-
ing The Judge, 2. 12 J, and Alberto, 2.i3f. Mer-
rivale, by Alcantara, is an impressive son of
Merry Clay. He trotted to a record of 2.22, and
is the head of Mr. H. O. Havemeyer's breeding
stud on Long Island. Alcina, a daughter of
Merry Clay, has a record of 2.20 ; but the fastest
of her trotters is Masetto, 2.08^, by Constantine,
2.12^ (brother of Thorn, 2. 12 J), by Wilkes Boy
by Mambrino Patchen. Merry Clay runs in all
directions to the pillars of the trotting structure,
and Masetto is a representative of an accumu-
lative fountain of speed.
Lady Horton by Sweepstakes (son of Hamble-
tonian and Dolly Mills by Seely's American
Star), dam Nellie Horton by Horton Clay, son
of Harry Clay 45, trotted to a record of 2.34^,
and is the dam of seven in the list. One of these,
Annie Stevens, 2.18J, is the dam of Helen Grace,
2. 1 if. Sweepstakes is the sire of 42.
Lady Stout, chestnut mare (1871), — by Mam-
brino Patchen, dam Puss Prall by Mark Time,
son of thoroughbred Berthune; second dam by
other Great Producing Mares 265
Daniel Webster by Lance, — created a marked
sensation when she trotted at Lexington, Ken-
tucky, in 1874, to a three-year-old record, 2.29;
and she was sold to Robert Bonner for $1^,000
and became the dam of Cartridge, 2.14^. In
addition to Lady Stout, Puss Prall produced
Lotta Prall, 2.28^^, and Black Diamond, 2.29^.
She also is the dam of four producing sons and
four producing daughters. One of these daugh-
ters, Sally Southworth, is the dam of Chatterton,
2.18, a sire of speed, and of Willie Wilkes, 2.28,
dam of Rachel, 2. 08 J, dam of Great Spirit, 2.09^.
It is an illustration of how blood breeds on,
forming a chain of unbroken speed.
Columbine, bay mare, foaled 1873, — by A. W.
Richmond (son of Blackbird by Camden by
Shark), dam Columbia, thoroughbred daughter
of imported Bonnie Scotland; second dam
Young Fashion, by imported Monarch ; and
third dam Fashion by imported Trustee, — is the
dam of Anteeo, 2.1 6J; Antevolo, 2.19^; J. C.
Simpson, 2.18J; and Coral, 2.i8J^, — all by Elec-
tioneer. Anteeo is the sire of 50, including
Alfred G., 2.19^, the sire of Charley Herr, 2.07.
Antevolo is the sire of 15; Anteros, his brother,
is the sire of 35, one of which is Major Ross,
266 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
2.25^; Conrad, another brother, is the sire of
two; and J. C Simpson is the sire of Sally
Simpson, 2.11^, and others. The thorough-
bred strains in Columbine are among the best
in the stud book, and yet her union with Elec-
tioneer has given us a world of light-harness
speed.
It is manifestly impossible in a work of this
kind to give a complete list of the great brood
mares, and I have selected from the thousands
a few that will illustrate the importance of pay-
ing attention to female lines. The successful
breeder in these days of rapid progress devotes
as much thought to the dam as he does to the
sire. I remember the time when the sire was
expected to do it all, and his harem was usually
a band of mediocrity. In spite of that handicap
progress was made, but it was slow in proportion
to the progress of selection based upon scientific
principles.
Now that great brood mares have multiplied
to a degree that is cumbersome on the Register
Association, and which gives so much latitude
to the breeder who fails sharply to discriminate,
it seems to me that admission to the table should
be made more difficult. Under the present rules
other Great Producing Mares 267
mares that have produced two or more trotters
with records of 2.30 or better, or two or more
pacers with records of 2.25 or better, or one
trotter with a record of 2.30 or better, or one
pacer with record of 2.25 or better, are admitted ;
also mares that have produced one 2.30 trotter,
or one 2.25 pacer, and another son or daughter
that has sired or produced a 2.30 trotter or a 2.25
pacen When over 4000 mares are qualified un-
der these rules, it is time for another forward step.
The rules were all right in the beginning, but
we have grown away from them.
When Hon. Hugh J. Jewett came to New
York to accept the presidency of the Erie Rail-
road, which at that time stood in need of wise
and conservative management, he left in charge
of Fair Oaks, the breeding farm at Zanesville,
Ohio, his son, George M. Jewett, who was fond
of the life of a gentleman farmer. Fair Oaks
was a delightful place to visit, and I cherish
sweet recollections of it. I have before me the
catalogue of 1883, and under Duke of Bruns-
wick, bay horse, foaled in 1864, by Rysdyk's
Hambletonian, dam Madame Loomer by War-
rior, second dam an English-bred mare, I find
this note: "Duke of Brunswick has won races
268 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
for me in 240 and trotted quarters in 35 seconds
and no question of his ability to trot in 2.25 in
condition, but has not been regularly handled for
speed. His colts, like those of Almont Chief,
have had the misfortune to fall into fhe hands
of those who would not develop them on the
track. Among the trials reported or witnessed
by me were: Bonnie Oaks (five), 2.28; Jamie
(four), 2.31 ; Lo Crine (five), 2.36; Dekasala
(three), 2.37; Pleasant Girl (five), 2.31; Eloise
Hersch (five), 2.38; Duke Patchen (three), 2.40;
Maid of Fair Oaks (four), 2.45; William Wallace
(three), 2.50; Doubt (two), 2.50; Shipman (five
years), a winner in local races, and can show a
2.30 gait" George M. Jewett looked, at that
time, out upon the world through rose-colored
glasses, and Duke of Brunswick was put in the
best possible light before the public. Twenty
years have passed, and the line of Duke of Bruns-
wick is one of the thousands that have faded from
recognition. He left but three trotters, — Gov-
ernor Hendree, 2.23; William Wallace, 2.28^;
and Red Duke, 2.30. By way of contrast take
Red Wilkes, who was foaled ten years after
Duke of Brunswick. He is the sire of 167 in
the list, headed by Ralph Wilkes, 2.o6f ; his
other Great Producing Mares 269
sons are the sires of 600 in the list, and his
daughters are the dams of 150 in the list The
diflference in the vitality, the activity, of the two
lines is so sharp as to be painful. Mr. Jewett
was a man of brains and financial resources,
advantageously situated for breeding, but he
pinned his faith to the wrong horse. What
breeder of reputation would now dream of claim-
ing as a point of merit in his horse the ability to
trot a mile in 2.40, or talk of a five-year-old show-
ing a trial in 2.38? The span of twenty years
is comparatively short in evolution, and yet what
strides have been made in that time in breeding
the light-harness horse I
CHAPTER XXV
THE ERA OF HIGH PRICES
At a public sale in the American Institute
Building, New York, in January, 1892, 11 colts
by Electioneer sold for an average of $6415.
Previous to this Mr. Bonner had paid 1^41,000
for Sunol with a three-year-old record of 2. 10 J;
and Mn Forbes had paid $125,000 for Arion with
a two-year-old record of 2 . i of. Consignments from
other California breeding establishments, notably
from the farms of William Corbitt and L. J.
Rose, had commanded extraordinary prices under
the hammer in New York, and the pessimist felt
like a man packed away in ice. In the late fall
of 1889, Mr. Bonner was in California and at
Rosemeade saw a bay filly called Reverie, foaled
January 5, 1888, by Alcazar, dam Sallie Dur-
brow by Arthurton, which had trotted to a year-
ling record of 2.36. Her conformation was speedy,
but she had what is termed a washy look. Mr.
Rose painted her future in glowing colors, and
when she was placed under the hammer in Madi-
270
AXTELL
Whowu sold for SI 05.000 iFler troninE » a hlgh-i
2.12 *t Terte Hiule. October 1 :
r
Tbe Era of High Prices 271
son Square Garden I was sitting in a box with
Mn Bonner, directly opposite the auctioneer.
Before any one could make a bid the owner of
Maud S, and Sunol cried out somewhat sharply,
" Ten thousand dollars." Mr. Rose was equal to
the occasion. Rising to his feet, he blandly said :
" I hope no one will raise Mr. Bonner's bid, be-
cause I want to see this grandly bred filly go into
his stable." Mr. Bonner bowed his acknowledg-
ments, and the hammer fell. Reverie was one of
the greatest of his stable disappointments. She
was dear at $1000. The scramble for fashion-
able pedigrees, without regard to individuality,
was wild, and the results were disastrous. The
boom collapsed, bringing financial ruin to thou-
sands of over-sanguine people. Why did it
collapse? Partially because of the general de-
pression in business, but chiefly for the reason
that judgment had been thrown to the winds.
Pedigree is essential, as it reveals to us each step
toward progress. Without it we should grope
in the dark. But pedigree should not blind us
to the truth that weak individuals do not comply
with the great law of the survival of merit.
Natural selection weeds out the old, the weak,
and the infirm. Under man's direction the weak
272 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
are tenderly guarded and used in reproductive
channels. The tendency to infirmity is thus
multiplied, and the Register is filled with animals
hardly worth the price of registration. Some
insects, as is well known, live only to propagate
their kind and then die. The life of the male
bee goes out with the shock of fertilization. If
weak and worthless stallions were subject to the
bee law, the monstrous error of reproducing them-
selves with slight variations would not be re-
peated. Another important question is why
brothers and sisters are not of equal merit
Every year brings disappointment to scores who
hold that one brother should accomplish as much
as another brother. They forget the force of
external surroundings. Nutrition plays an im-
portant part in development, and so does an
atmosphere conducive to the building up of the
nervous system. The condition of the mother
while carrying the colt, environment after foaling,
and the quality of the food given will have their
influence and may account for the difference in
the family group. I believe with Weismann that
each organism possesses the power to react on
the different external influences with which it is
brought in contact. As the use of organs in-
The Era of High Prices 273
creases and the disuse of them decreases capacity,
why should we not place stress on the transmis-
sion of acquired characters? The running gait
is in a measure antagonistic to the trotting gait,
but it is the fastest of all gaits and has been suc-
cessfully used to increase speed in light harness.
Messenger, above all horses, taught us the value
of the thoroughbred foundation ; and the fame of
the trotting department of Woodbum was largely
due to the fact that the groundwork of the struc-
ture was right In 1890 Superintendent Lucas
Brodhead stated : '' The original idea of breeding
thoroughbred mares to trotting stallions was to
breed fillies for brood mares and thus to build up
pedigrees with thoroughbred foundations. These
fillies were bred young to our trotting stallions,
thus getting two trotting crosses on a thorough-
bred foundation. There was no expectation of
getting phenomenal speed from the first cross."
After you have laid your foundation broad and
strong, then breed stout-lunged trotter to trotter,
always avoiding weak individuals, and you will
find yourself on the road to championship honors.
Increased nourishment from generation to gen-
eration increases size to a marked degree. There
is, however, a limit to all growth, due to germ
274 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
cells. The germ plasm is continuous, and upon
it depends the doctrine of heredity. The energy
of inheritance, nevertheless, is not unchangeable
in its type. Were it so, the theory of evolution
would fall to the ground. The potency of some
new lines is superior to the old, and thus advance
steps are made. Evolution is progressive, is a
succession of platforms one rising above the
other; and Pope, following Spencer, furnishes
food for reflection when he says : " The two sen-
sations of hunger and sex have furnished the
stimuli to internal and external activity, and
memory or experience with natural selection
have been the guides. Mind and body have thus
developed contemporaneously and have reacted
mutually." The high-bred horse has more intel-
ligence, more sensibility, than the low-bred horse,
and his social instincts probably are greater.
CHAPTER XXVI
THE DAWN OF SYSTEMATIC BREEDING: TRACK GOV-
ERNMENT
Prior to Hambletonian» Mambrino Chief, Pilot,
and Clay, there was no systematic breeding of the
trotting horse. Much was left to chance, and
darkness ruled. Pedigrees were not accurately
recorded, and there was no intelligent guide.
With these foundation sires, the light spread, and
the star of evolution began to run its course. In
January, 1871, the first compilation of 2.30 per-
formers in harness was handed to me by Nicholas
Saltus for publication in the Turf^ Fields and
Famty and a start in classification was thus made.
This table afterwards became the keynote to reg-
istration. The first volume of Wallace's Trot-
ting Register was issued in 1871, and there was
no suggestion in it of a 2.30 speed basis. The
National Association of Trotting Horse Breeders
was formed after the Centennial Trotting Meet-
ing in 1876, and its constitution was amended in
December, 1882. Henry W. T. Mali was presi-
275
276 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
dent of the Association; Leland Stanford, first
vice-president; I. V. Baker, second vice-presi-
dent; J. P. Wiser, third vice-president; L. D.
Packer, secretary; and J. W. Gray, treasurer.
Among the members of the Executive Committee
were S. F. Knapp, J. D. Willis, H. N. Smith,
W. H. Wilson, G. S. Moulton, W. T. Withers.
J. D. Norris, Charles Backman, and Benjamin F.
Tracy. The Board of Censors was composed of
Guy Miller, F. D. Norris, David Bonner, W. S.
Tilton, and E. G. Doolittle. One of the articles
read, ** All breeders and those interested in the trot-
ting horse are eligible to membership in this asso-
ciation, if approved by the Executive Committee,
who shall take into consideration the character and
standing of the applicant" Other articles were :
" At least one general meeting shall be held under
the auspices of this association each year, at such
date and place as shall be announced by the
Executive Committee, Entries to be confined to
geldings of five years old and under, and to mares
and stallions of any age, owned or bred by mem-
bers of this association, or the get of stallions
owned or stood by members. The pool box shall
be prohibited at all meetings, and all forms of
gambling. The Executive Committee shall ap-
The Dawn of Systematic Breeding 277
point annually five skilful and trusty men who
shall have charge of all questions relating to pedi-
grees, and be designated as the Board of Censors.
The supervisory control of pedigrees in Wallace's
American Trotting Register, having been ten-
dered to this association, the same is accepted,
and the said Register is hereby declared to be
the official record of pedigrees — subject always
to such corrections and changes as the facts may
require. In assuming and exercising this control,
the Board of Censors on pedigrees provided for,
and to whom this duty is specially entrusted, will
be governed by the following regulations : —
" Its duty shall be to examine all doubtful pedi-
grees brought to its notice in the first and second
volumes of the Trotting Register, and indicate
to the compiler all additions, erasures, and correc-
tions that should be made in said pedigrees, and
order them to be reinserted in the fifth volume
as corrected. Provided, that when the compiler
objects to anything, his reason therefor shall be
submitted in writing, and be fully considered
before the decision is made. It shall be the duty
of the Board of Censors to examine the third and
succeeding volumes of the Register before publi-
cation, and consider and determine the forms in
278 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
which they shall appear. The Board of Censors
shall establish certain rules with regard to giving
names to horses, and require those rules to be
observed in the Register, so that all clashing and
confusion from duplication or approximations will
be avoided. When any disagreement arises be-
tween a party contributing a pedigree and the
compiler of the Register, it shall be referred to
the Board of Censors, and after a free hearing
and examination of the evidence on both sides,
the decision shall be so reported. This provision
shall apply to disagreements in recorded pedi-
grees as well as those offered for record. In
order to establish the truth and check fraud, the
Board of Censors may order any pedigree in-
serted in the Register in its true form, without
the application or wish of the owners ; provided,
however, that 90 days' notice shall be given. In
all contested cases the Board of Censors shall
keep a plain record of its proceedings and find-
ings, but all evidence substantiating them shall
be reduced to writing and placed in the office of
the Register."
The rules were as follows : —
** In order to define what constitutes a trotting-bred horse,
and to establish a BREED of trotters on a more intelligent
The Dawn of Systematic Breeding 279
basiSy the following rules are adopted to control admission to
the records of pedigrees. When an animal meets with the
requirements of admission and is duly registered, it shall be
accepted as a standard trotting-bred animal.
" First — Any stallion that has, himself, a record of two min-
utes and thirty seconds (3.30) or better; provided any of his
get has a record of 2.40 or better; or provided his sire or his
dam, his grandsire or his grandam, is already a standard animal.
** Second, — Any mare or gelding that has a record of 2.30 or
better.
** Third, — Any horse that is the sire of two animals with a
record of 2.30 or better.
*^ -Fourth. — Any horse that is the sire of one animal with a
record of 2.30 or better; provided he has either of the follow-
ing additional qualifications : —
'' I. A record himself of 2.40 or better.
'' 2. Is the sire of two other animals with a record of 2.40 or
better.
^* 3. Has a sire or dam, grandsire or grandam, that is abready
a standard animal.
*^ Fifth. — Any mare that has produced an animal with a
record of 2.30 or better.
'' Sixth, — The progeny of a standard horse when out of a
standard mare.
^ Seventh, — The progeny of a standard horse out of a mare
by a standard horse.
'' Eighth. — The progeny of a standard horse when out of a
mare whose dam is a standard mare.
^* Ninth. — Any mare that has a record of 240 or better;
and whose sire or dam, grandsire or grandam, is a standard
animal
28o The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
** Tenth. — A record to wagon of 3.35 or better shall be
regarded as equal to a 2.30 record"
Previous to giving the National Association
of Trotting Horse Breeders supervisory control
of the pedigrees in the Trotting Register, J. H,
Wallace had quarrelled «with prominent Ken-
tucky breeders, and they started and published,
in 1881, under the editorship of J. H. Sanders,
The Breeders' Trotting Stud Book. Rules
for entry were: "The object of this book is to
preserve a reliable record of the pedigrees of all
trotting horses that have trotted a mile in 2.30
or better ; or that trace directly or collaterally to
such horses under the conditions hereinafter
mentioned : —
" Harness team or saddle records of 2.30 or
better will entitle animals to enter. Any animal
coming within the provisions of any of the fol-
lowing rules will be entitled to entry : " Rule I.
Any stallion, mare, or gelding who has a record
of 2.30 or better. Rule H. Any stallion that
has sired a horse, mare, or gelding with a record
of 2.30 or better. Rule HI. Any mare that has
produced a horse, mare, or gelding with a record
of 2.30 or better. Rule IV. The dam of any
stallion or mare that has sired or produced a
The Dawn of Systematic Breeding 281
horse, mare, or gelding with a record of 2.30 or
better ; provided said mare was by a stallion or
out of a mare entered in this book. Rule V.
Any animal by a stallion entered in this Stud
Book out of a mare entered therein. Rule VI.
Any animal whose sire and whose dam, first
dam and second dam's sires are entered in this
Stud Book.
" A public trial trotted according to the rules
of the National Trotting Association for govern-
ing races, and timed by three judges selected in
the usual way by any association, a member in
good standing of the National Trotting Associa-
tion, shall be considered a record so far ais
eligibility to entry in this Stud Book is con-
cerned. A certificate giving the time made
under the above conditions must be signed by
the three judges and countersigned by the presi-
dent and secretary of the Association authorizing
said trial: such certificate to accompany the
entry and remain on file."
The gentlemen who signed the above as
Committee on Rules were A. J. Alexander,
R. West, J. C. McFerran, H. C. McDowell,
R. S. Veech, and L. Brodhead. It will be ob-
served that in this Stud Book, as well as in the
282 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse .
supervised Trotting Register, the idea to which
I first gave publicity and which I strongly ad-
vocated, a record of 2,30 as the basis of the speed
standard, was turned to practical account. I am
particular in stating the facts in detail, because
under the rules of 1881 and 1882 the evolu-
tionary period of breeding was given force.
Mr. Wallace later disagreed with his Censors
and the National Association of Trotting Horse
Breeders, and under compulsion of rivalry which
would have brought ruin to him, he sold out to
the American Trotting Register Association, of
which William Russell Allen is president. All
interests were harmonized by this transfer, and
all pedigrees are now registered with the new
association. The rules for registration were
changed from time to time, and those now in
force read: —
"The Trotting Standard
"When an animal meets these requirements and is duly
registered it shall be accepted as a standard-bred trotter : —
" I. The progeny of a registered standard trotting horse and
a registered standard trotting mare.
" 2. A stallion sired by a registered standard trotting horse,
provided his dam and grandam were sired by registered
standard trotting horses, and he himself has a trotting record
The Dawn of Systematic Breeding 283
of 2.30 and is the sire of three trotters with records of 2.30,
from different mares.
''3. A mare whose sire is a registered standard trotting
horse, and whose dam and grandam were sired by registered
standard trotting horses, provided she herself has a trotting
record of 2.30, or is the dam of one trotter with a record
of 2.30.
''4. A mare sired by a registered standard trotting horse,
provided she is the dam of two trotters with records of 2.30.
** 5. A mare sired by a registered standard trotting horse,
provided her first, second, and third dams are each sired by
a registered standard trotting horse.
''The Pacing Siandard
''When an animal meets these requirements and is duly
registered, it shall be accepted as a standard-bred pacer : —
" I. The progeny of a registered standard pacing horse and
a registered standard pacing mare.
" 2. A stallion sired by a registered standard pacing horse,
provided his dam and grandam were sired by registered
standard pacing horses, and he himself has a pacing record
of 2.25, and is the sire of three pacers with records of 2.25,
from different mares.
"3. A mare whose sire is a registered standard pacing
horse, and whose dam and grandam were sired by registered
standard pacing horses, provided she herself has a pacing
record of 2.25, or is the dam of one pacer with a record
of 2.25.
"4. A mare sired by a registered standard pacing horse,
provided she is the dam of two pacers with records of 2.25.
284 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
''5. A mare sired by a registered standard pacing horsey
provided her first, second, and third dams are each sired by
a registered standard pacing horse.
^* 6. The progeny of a registered standard trotting horse oat
of a registered standard pacing mare, or of a registered
standard pacing horM out of a registered standard trotting
mare."
The National Trotting Horse Breeders' Asso-
ciation passed with the issue that called it into
existence, and but few of the founders of it are
now alive. The Breeders' Trotting Stud Book
was also merged into a broader movement, and
centralized authority over registration is, I feel
sure, for the best interests of all engaged in
breeding.
CHAPTER XXVII
THE GROWTH OF DISCIPLINE: HORSE SHOWS
In 1825 the New York Trotting Club was
organized, and its race ground was at Jamaica,
Long Island. In 1828 the Hunting Park Asso-
ciation was established in Philadelphia, for the
encouragement of the breed of fine horses, " espe-
cially that most valuable one known as the trot-
ter." Topgallant, Betsey Baker, Trouble, Sir
Peter, Whalebone, Screwdriver, and other horses
of that period trotted over the Hunting Course.
The races usually were at two-, three-, and four-
mile heats, and more attention was paid to
endurance than speed. As the roads improved
the taste for trotting grew, and the old song
eulogized the 2.40 mare on the plank road. The
Centreville track, Long Island, had a code in
force in 1838, but the rules most generally re-
spected were those of Union Course, Long Island.
During and immediately after the Civil War
there was so much laxity in the conduct of
races that trotting fell into disrepute. It was in
a8S
286 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
1866 that I began to advocate improvement, and
kept at it until a change was inaugurated. The
call was for a congress of trotting tracks to
formulate rules for the government of trotting
races on all the tracks of the country. Hon.
Amasa Sprague, president of the Narragansett
Park Association, Providence, Rhode Island, was
a man of importance in those days, and when he
issued a call for a meeting at the Everett House,
New York, February 2, 1870, the responses were
liberal. Forty-seven tracks were represented by
105 delegates, and much labor was given by
a committee of 13 to drafting a set of rules.
The gentlemen who composed this committee
were Isaiah Rynders, B. G. Bruce, H. S. Russell,
Horatio Page, Thomas J. Vail, Alden Goldsmith,
D. Goodhall, Jesse Boynton, J. L. Cassidy, C. J.
Hamlin, George B. Hall, and L. L. Dorsey.
The Fashion Course rules and the racing rules
were gone over section by section, and the best
ideas of both were transferred to the new code.
The title of the voluntary association in Febru-
ary, 1870, was The National Association for the
Promotion of the Interests of the American
Trotting Turf. The president was Amasa
Sprague of Providence. Rhode Island, and the
3 I
The Growth of Discipline: Shows 287
secretary was George H. Smith of Providence.
The association was without funds, and the
president was expected to keep the wheels oiled.
Those who had opposed the movement tried to
show that its birth was spontaneous, and in an
editorial in the Tur/l Fields and Farm^ February
18, 1870, I said: "Does any one believe that a
call for a Turf Congress, issued by any associa-
tion two years ago, would have met with any
response? The people were not ripe for a
movement then ; men had to be impressed with
the importance of the measure, had to be taught
to look at it as representing something broader
than sectional pride. For two years the Turf^
Fields and Farm hammered at the idea, and after
two years of agitation the Narragansett Park
Association took the initiative in calling the
association together." The organization born
at the Everett House, New York, developed into
one of the most powerful track-governing bodies
in the world, and it stimulated breeding to an
unexpected degree. The best people of the
country turned their attention to the trotting
horse, and race-tracks rapidly multiplied and had
the support of the leading citizens of the com-
munities in which they were located. Trickery
288 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
was punished without regard to persons, and
trotting passed from the shade of outlawry and
became the dominant outdoor sport of the
United States. Discipline is absolutely neces-
sary to the perpetuation of an amusement upon
which large financial interests depend, and whole-
some discipline was the cardinal principle of the
National Trotting Association. Amasa Sprague
remained president until 1876, when he resigned;
and Charles W. WooUey of Cincinnati was his
successor. James Grant of Davenport, Iowa,
succeeded Colonel WooUey in 1880, and he was
succeeded in 1888 by P. P. Johnston of Lexing-
ton, Kentucky, who is still in office. The first
Board of Appeals was composed of Thomas J.
Vail, Hartford ; George C. Hall, Brooklyn ; H. S.
Russell, Boston; C. J. Hamlin, Buffalo; M. S.
Forbes, Cincinnati; K. C. Barker, Detroit; David
A. Gage, Chicago; and George Lauman, Read-
ing, Pennsylvania. The secretaries have been
George H. Smith, D. F. Longstreet, T. J. Vail,
M. M. Morse, and W. H. Gocher. The meet-
ings were annual until 1874, when they became
biennial. There are five districts in the territory
over which the association has jurisdiction, and
there are three members to a district, making the
The Growth of Discipline : Shows 289
total membership of the Board of Review fifteen.
There are, in addition to the president, two vice-
presidents, a secretary, and a treasurer. The
Board of Review meets twice a year. May and
December, to decide cases that have been
appealed from the individual tracks, and the most
careful consideration is given to each case. The
Board of Review is the court of last resort, and
its authority extends from the Atlantic to the
Pacific Ocean. The executive office of the
association is at Hartford, Connecticut
The American Trotting Association was
organized at Detroit, Michigan, March 2, 1887.
The element which was dissatisfied with the
administration of the affairs of the National
Trotting Association was the backbone of the
new organization. The relations between the
National and the American are now harmonious,
and they race under the same rules and give
force to each other's penalties. W. P. Ijams
is president of the American Trotting Associa-
tion, and W. H. Knight, secretary, and the
executive office is in Chicago.
The office of the American Trotting Register
Association is also in Chicago, and it is closely
affiliated with the National and the American.
u
290 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
The combined influence of the three associations
is very great, and all who object to discipline are
in the position of the boy who tried to whistle
down the tides of the sea.
The National Horse Show Association of
America, founded in 1885, has been quite a fac-
tor in improving the light-harness type. It rec-
ognizes speed, but emphasizes conformation. In
other words, its aim is to combine beauty with
action. The faddists who sacrificed everything
to speed have been checked. At the annual
horse show in Madison Square Garden, New
York, always held in the month of November,
the keenest critics watch the distribution of rib-
bons, and the great world of fashion honors the
occasion. The show has made plain the fact
that the well-bred and well-schooled horse is the
idol of cultivated classes. The trotting-bred horse
which possesses substance and high conforma-
tion is easily schooled to heavy-harness classes,
and he gathers in blue rosettes by the dozen.
The fever kindled by The National Horse Show
Association has spread over the entire land, and
the annual horse show is the leading social func-
tion of cities like Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago,
Louisville, Atlanta, St Louis, and Kansas City.
HI E
ill
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Tbe Gwwib of Discipline: Shows 291
Rules are sternly enforced, and the little group of
so-called horsemen, which in the old days was a
law unto itself, has ceased to o£Fend justice and
good taste and to pull the horse down to a level
where chicanery is a tree of luxuriant blossom.
It has been my privilege to test the rules of the
National Trotting Association, the , American
Trotting Association, and of horse-show asso-
ciations in awarding premiums under them, and
the result contributes to a feeling of personal
gratification that I was an humble instrument in
adding to the crystallization of each suggestion.
It was March 13, 1891, that the committees
appointed by the National Trotting Associa-
tion, the American Trotting Association, and
the American Trotting Register Association,
met at the Fifth Avenue Hotel, New York,
and agreed upon a code satisfactory to all. The
Register Association was particularly interested
in the drafting of a rule for governing perform-
ances against time, and the rules now in force,
the result of that conference, have done away
with a vast amount of friction and given general
satisfaction.
The pioneer track of the evolutionary period
was opened at Bu£Falo under the inspiration of
292 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
C J. Hamlin, August 14-17, 1866. The pre-
miums amounted to 1 10,500, and the meeting at-
tracted the best horses in the country and proved
a great success. The "mammoth purse," as it
was styled, $5750, for free-for-all trotters, was
won by Dexter from George M. Patchen Jr. and
RoUa Golddust, and the fastest time was 2.25.
The success stimulated to bolder endeavor in
1867, and the fame of Buffalo gradually increased
as the trotting centre of America. The maxi-
mum premium list was $7o,ooa Hampden Park,
at Springfield, Massachusetts, was built in 1857,
but owing to the Civil War it did not burst into
full flower until 1868. The first annual spring
meeting of the Cleveland Club, under the aus-
pices of the Northern Ohio Fair Association,
was held June 20-23, 1871, and John Tod, a son
of the war governor, was president, and George
W. Howe was secretary. In 1873 the Quad-
rilateral Trotting Combination was formed —
Cleveland, July 29 to August i ; BufiFalo, August
5 to 8; Utica, August 12 to 14, and Springfield,
August 19 to 22. The premiums for the four
meetings amounted to $169,300, and enthusiasm
increased as the horses swept down the line. In
1874 Charter Oak Park at Hartford was opened,
Tbe Growth of Discipline : Shows 293
and in 1875 there was a clash between the new
tracks at Rochester and Poughkeepsie. The
Grand Trotting Circuit was thus extended, and
summer after summer I started with the horses
at Cleveland and followed them to the close.
The charm of those days will d\ws,ys linger with
me. I was a member of the fortunate visiting
delegations, and at each place there was a series
of social entertainments. Ladies sat with gentle-
men through elaborate dinners, and as the topic
of conversation was the horse, the love of trotting
was well nourished, and the fever spread to all
sections of the country and gave a tremendous
boom to breeding. Other circuits were formed
and tracks multiplied until we were able to count
them by the thousand instead of by the score.
In his " Tales of the Turf," W. H. Gocher quotes
Hon. Lewis J. Powers of Springfield, who has
been the treasurer of the National Trotting
Association from the start, and was one of the
stewards of the Grand Circuit, as follows : —
"To what might be termed the *01d Guard,'
there are many pleasant memories attached to
those meetings and banquets at which the love
for a good horse and the purely American sport,
harness racing, was the bond of fellowship.
294 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Sentiment without a particle of commercialism
brought together the men who sat around the
board each yean To them a race was a contest
for which they were willing to pay, should the
association which they represented and in a few
instances managed come out at the small end of
the horn when the last heat was trotted. This
happened two or three times in Springfield, there
being one season when seven of us were called
on to chip in $1000 apiece to balance accounts.
Then there were years when the balance was the
other way. In the old days the commercial
spirit of the turf was left to those who entered
and drove horses and the general public. The
financial ventures of those who managed meet-
ings were foreign to the race track. Grand Cir-
cuit week was their holiday, and they took as
much pride in keeping up the standard as the
New York Yacht Club has in retaining the
America Cup. It was the good old spirit for
genuine sport that called Colonel Edwards to the
front in Cleveland ; and it is with regret that I see
this spirit on the decline, the tendency to-day
being toward shorter races and increased specu-
lation. Such a course, especially the latter, is
beset with danger, for without a big grain of
Tbe Growth of Discipline : Shows 295
sentiment horse-racing can never retain the
popular support which was given it in the old
days when the names of Goldsmith Maid and
Dexter were household words, and when every
slip of a lad with a hobby-horse or a sled desig-
nated it with a name that had become prominent
on account of record-breaking performances."
Utica, Springfield, Rochester, Poughkeepsie,
Pittsburg, Albany, Philadelphia, Saginaw, Fort
Wayne, Indianapolis, Glens Falls, and Portland,
which at different periods were members of the
Grand Circuit, are no longer links in the chain;
but individual meetings are given at the majority
of these places. The circuit has changed in
many ways since the days when my enthusiasm
was greater than now and I first began the
pilgrimage from Cleveland to Hartford.
CHAPTER XXVIII
ROAD-RIDING MOVEMENTS
Road-riding movements quickened the devel-
opment of the light-harness horse, but men of
resolute purpose were required to lead in order
to lift the horse into an atmosphere of respect.
In 1856, when Robert Bonner first appeared on
the road, trotting was in bad repute, and years of
stem example were required to restore it to
public favor. Burnham's, a house of refreshment
on Bloomingdale Road and 76th Street, was the
first rendezvous of gentlemen drivers, and Elm
Park on the Bloomingdale Road at 92d Street
was the next resort Admission to the club-
house and half-mile track was restricted to
members. The third rendezvous was the Dubois
half-mile track on Harlem Lane and 145th
Street. It went out of existence soon after the
Civil War, and the riders broke up into groups,
some going to Bertholfs Road House, some to
Florence's, and some to Smith's. Prominent
among the early riders were Commodore Vander-
296
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Road-riding Movements 297
bilt, Robert Bonner, Frank Work, William H.
Vanderbilt, Shepherd F. Knapp, George B.
Alley, Charles H. Kemer, and William TurnbuU.
The first noted pair of Mr. Bonner were Flatbush
Maid and Lady Palmer, and it was in the
autumn of 1861 that he drove these good mares
around Union Course in 2.27. At Fashion
Course, May 10, 1862, he drove the same pair
two miles in 5.01J, the first mile in 2.26, and
there was profound sensation. Commodore
Vanderbilt's pair were Post Boy and Plow Boy,
and he was jealous of their reputation. The
spirit of rivalry between Bonner and Vanderbilt
grew more intense with the years, and their
respective friends caught the fever, and breeders
and trainers reaped the profit. Later John D.
Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, Frank Work,
William H. Vanderbilt, T. C. Eastman, and C. J.
Hamlin were carried forward by the torrent, and
the road-riding movement was at its zenith.
The expansion of the city destroyed Harlem
Lane for fast driving ; and then at the suggestion
of prominent road riders I started an agitation
for a speedway on the west side of Central
Park. During the administration of Hugh J.
Grant as mayor of New York, a bill was passed
298 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
by the legislature authorizing the construction
of such a driveway; but the opposition was so
violent that the vote was reconsidered and the
measure defeated When Thomas F. Gilroy
succeeded Mr. Grant as mayor, a bill for a speed-
way on the west bank of Harlem River was
prepared and passed by the legislature and
signed by the governor. In the interest of this
measure the Road Horse Association of the
State of New York was formed, in 1892, with
Frederic P. Olcott, president; C. J. Hamlin,
vice-president; J. C De la Vergne, treasurer;
and Hamilton Busbey, secretary. Among mem-
bers of the Executive Committee were Lawrence
Kip. H. M. Whitehead, W. M. V. HoflFman,
A. B. Darling, Jacob Ruppert, John H. Shults,
Charles Backman, Henry C. Jewett, W. B. Dick-
erman, George W. Archer, and I. V. Baker, Jr.
The association gave moral support to the
members of the Park Board, who favored the
speedway — A. B. Tappen, Paul Dana, Nathan
Straus, S. Van Rensselaer Cruger, and George C.
Clausen; and the work was pushed during the
administration of Mayor William L. Strong, and
thrown open to the public in the early part of the
administration of Mayor Robert A. Van Wyck.
Road-riding Movements 299
In the latter part of December, 1893, I addressed
a letter to Hon. A. B. Tappen, president of the
Park Commission, asking him to draw the
attention of his associates to the autograph
letter from Robert Bonner in relation to the
controversy over the sidewalk plan. Mr. Bonner
said, in his letter to me: "I do not see any
objection to having two sidewalks on the speed-
way so long as all means of passage across it
shall be by archways. It is true that the build-
ing of two sidewalks will involve greater expense,
but as they are intended for the accommodation
of the people, and the people have to pay for
them, I do not see any good reason for depriving
the public of the enjoyment to be derived from
witnessing exhibitions of speed." A line was
added below the signature of Robert Bonner,
"The above letter expresses our views." The
signatures attached were those of Lawrence Kip.
Charles H. Kemer, J. B. Houston, F. P. Olcott,
A. Newbold Morris, Charles Backman, William
Rockefeller, and C. F. Hoffman, Jr.
It took longer to build the speedway than was
at first anticipated, and the expense was heavy ;
but the great pleasure drive is worth to the city
all that it cost in worry and money. In June,
300 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
1898, ex-Mayor Gilroy wrote me a letter in
which he said : " I am glad to learn that the
speedway is to be opened so soon for driving
purposes, and that the light drivers of New
York, who have waited ivith so much patience
for so long a time for this event, will receive the
reward of their patience. There are driveways
for light driving in many of the large cities of the
country, but none of them, for length, for pictu-
resqueness and beauty of location, for solidity as
well as elasticity of road-bed, can compare with
our own speedway. The side of the river on
which it is built will always be cool in the after-
noon shade, there are no intersecting streets from
155th Street on the south to Dyckman Street on
the north; and through this latter street the
speedway connects with Kingsbridge Road, Fort
Washington Bridge Road, and Boulevard Lafa-
yette on the west, thus furnishing the most mag-
nificent system of driveways possessed by any city
on the civilized globe." The highest prices have
been paid by gentlemen of means for horses to
drive on the road, and the future of the light-
harness horse depends as much upon speedways
as it does upon tracks devoted to professional
races.
CHAPTER XXIX
AMATEUR DRIVING CLUBS
May 25, 1895, the Gentlemen's Driving Club
of Cleveland was organized, with William Ed-
wards as honorary president ; C. E. Grover, pres-
ident; and Frank Chamberlin, secretary. Its
object was matinee racing to road wagons, and
although it was not the first club of the kind, it
quickly took higher rank than any other club
built on similar lines. It has a large and im-
portant membership, and as horses famed for
speed contest for ribbons and cups, the races are
attended by thousands. The members of the
club are amateurs, and an amateur is defined
"as a man who has not accepted wages or hire
for his services as a trainer or driver. Any indi-
vidual club member who competes for the first, or
against professional, except in such events as are
especially arranged for amateurs, after May i,
1 901, shall forfeit his amateur standing."
The officers of the club at this time are : hon-
orary president, H. M. Hanna; president, H. K.
301
302 The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
Devereux; vice-president, D. R. Hanna; secre-
tary-treasurer, F. L. Chamberlin. The Gentle-
men's Driving Club of Boston was organized in
January, 1899, and the officers at this time are:
president, Albert S. Bigelow; vice-presidents,
Peter B. Bradley, John E. Thayer, J. Malcolm
Forbes*; treasurer, Frank G. Hall; secretary,
T. L. Quimby, At a meeting held in New York,
in November, 1890, the League of the Ameri-
can Driving Clubs was organized, with the clubs
of Boston, Chicago, Cleveland, Pittsburg, and
Syracuse in membership, to which have been
added Columbus, New York, and Memphis.
The officers of the league are: president, H. K.
Devereux ; vice-president, Harry Darlington ;
secretary-treasurer, T. L. Quimby. Horace
White and C. K. G. Billings are prominent
among the directors. Many thousands of dollars
are spent each year for horses to compete for
badges of honor at the amateur meetings, and
lovers of the light-harness horse hope that ama-
teur racing to road wagon has come to stay.
^ DeceaiecL
CHAPTER XXX
THE PACING HORSE
When the country was new and the roads
were bad the easy-gaited saddle horse was in
demand. Long journeys were made on his back.
The use of light vehicles was out of the question.
In Rhode Island there was a family of pacers
called the Narragansett, and it is claimed that
it sprang from stock imported from Andalusia in
Spain. This blood was widely disseminated, and
it was the germ from which came the tendency
to ease of motion under saddle in other sections
of the land. The pacing ancestors of Kentucky
and Tennessee were from Canada, and Mr. Bat-
tell contends that their origin was not found in
the horses originally imported into Canada from
France. ** There are but two sources," he writes,
"other than the original Canadian stock, from
which the Canadian pacer could have sprung —
the horses imported from across the sea, or from
the States. The English thoroughbred blood
might add to the speed of the pacer, but it cer-
303
304 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
tainly is not the source of pacing families." This
is followed by the suggestion that the Morgan
horse, through general intercourse between the
people of Vermont and the people of the Prov-
ince of Quebec, was early introduced into Canada,
and was a strong factor in the pacing families in
that section. Where facts are obscure there is
always room for suggestion. Copperbottom, a
chestnut horse of 15.2, strongly built and hand-
some in appearance, was taken to Kentucky in
18 16, and he was followed by Tom Hal, a roan
of blocky build, and later by the black horse
Pilot, the sire of Pilot Jr. General John B.
Castleman, president of the Louisville Horse
Show Association, and a noted breeder of saddle
horses, says in a recent paper: "Virginia and
the South Atlantic states had given much atten-
tion to racing, and were even then breeders of
the thoroughbred. The only other source of
importation was from Canada. There they raised
a hardy little horse, said to be a cross of the
French importations with generally such stallions
as could be obtained from New York and New
England. Whatever these Canadian horses were,
they had some of the qualities required for man's
comfort, and the Canadian had given much atten-
Tbe Pacing Horse 305
tion to the development of the pace or amble.
Many of these horses were pacers ; and our fore-
fathers bred these Canadian mares to thorough-
bred stallions. After a while it was noticed that
certain lines of thoroughbred blood produced
better results than others, and it is remarkable
to note how great saddle sires trace to the same
origin. The horse that man needed as a saddle
horse began to be produced." It was not until
after good roads were built in "Kentucky and
Tennessee that the pacing horse was used to any
extent in harness. He was coveted for his ability
to control gait under the saddle.
The foundation stock of the American Saddle
Horse Breeders' Association is thus officially
stated : —
" Denmark (thoroughbred) by imported Hedge-
ford.
" John Dillard by Indian Chief (Canadian).
" Tom Hal (imported from Canada).
"Cabell's Lexington by Gist's Black Hawk
(Morgan).
" Coleman's Eureka (thoroughbred and Morgan).
" Van Meter's Waxy (thoroughbred).
" Stump-the-Dealer (thoroughbred).
" Peter's Halcorn.
3o6 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
** Davy Crockett
" Pat Cleburne [by Benton's gray Diomed]."
I have before me the American Turf Register
of 1870, and only 59 pacing races for the entire
country for the year 1869 are recorded in it In
the majority of these races only two horses faced
the starter, and the time made was wretchedly
slow. There were only four pacing races in the
great state of New York, but one in Tennessee,
and none in Kentucky. This shows what a feeble
factor the pacing horse was in harness at that
comparatively recent period The chestnut mare
Pocahontas by Iron's Cadmus by American
Eclipse had established a national reputation by
pacing, June 21, 1855, at Union Course, Long
Island, to a wagon record of 2.17^; but that
performance weighed so lightly on the mind of
breeders and trainers that no determined at-
tempts at imitation were made. The pacer was
really under ban for harness purposes ; and many
horses that would have paced fast if left to their
own inclinations were converted into trotters by
the application of toe weights. When a horse
transmits the pacing form he transmits the pac-
ing gait or a tendency to pace. The horse paces
naturally when the body is not long enough to
MAMBRINO PATCHEN
The Prepotent Son o( Mimbrliio Chief.
BARON WILKES
The Speed-begeltlng Son o( Ceor^ Wilkes
The Pacing Horse 307
allow the diagonal stroke to be made with ease.
The hind leg then follows the corresponding fore
leg to avoid interference. I have seen Mr. Bon-
ner» who was a profound student of equine
structure and the greatest enthusiast that the
world has known on foot-balancing, take a pac-
ing colt and in a few minutes change it to a
trotter by simply changing the bearing of its
heels. Colts of this description had the trotting
conformation, but the form was distorted by an
uneven growth of^ hoof. Were the laws of balance
better understood than they are by the mass of
mankind, the list of pacers would not swell as it
does from year to year. It is not worth while to
devote much space to obscure pacing families
when we see pacers springing from sires of estab-
lished blood lines and of world-wide reputation.
Take Greorge Wilkes, for instance. Although a
great progenitor of trotters, he sired pacers, and
his sons and daughters are producers of pacers.
With him it is not inheritance, only so far as con-
formation is modified by mares to which he was
bred, or by reversion to some previous type.
Man is often bewildered by the way in which a
former ancestor, after lying dormant for genera-
tions, awakens and asserts its power. Gambetta
3o8 The Trotting and the Pacing Hor^
Wilkes by George Wilkes, dam Jewel by Gill's
Vermont, tracing directly to Justin Morgan, trotted
to a record of 2.19^, and is the sire of about as many
pacers as trotters. The fastest of his 137 perform-
ers in harness are pacers, — Guinette, 2.05 ; Lottie
Loraine, 2.05^ ; Eyelet, 2.06^ ; and Cubano, 2.06^.
His inheritance, so far as known, is purely a trot-
ting inheritance, but in transmitting speed he
varies form so as to contribute to the lateral as
well as the diagonal column. Dictator by Ham-
bletonian out of Clara by Seely's American Star
carries the blood of two foundation trotting sires,
and his son Director out of Dolly by Mambrino
Chief was a great trotter ; but Direct by Director
out of Echora, 2.23^, by Echo by Hambletonian,
has a record at both ways of going, — 2.18J at a
trot and 2.05 J at the pace, — and he is the sire of
both pacers and trotters. The fastest of his get,
Directly, 2.03J, is a pacer, and at Shultshurst he
is demonstrating that the trot and the pace are
interchangeable according to the influence exer-
cised by the mares fertilized by him in moulding
conformation. Jay-eye-see, the sensational trotter,
by Dictator, was a compact little horse with the
open Star action behind which permitted the hind
feet to clear the forward ones ; and I saw enough
The Pacing Horse 309
of him to believe that he would have beaten his
record of 2.10 at the trot if he had kept thoroughly
sound. When he became tender on one of his
legs, he was differently balanced, and shifted to
the easier pacing gait, and took a record at that
way of going of 2.06J. Baron Wilkes, who trotted
to a record of 2.18, and who carries the blood of
George Wilkes and Mambrino Patchen, the best
son of Mambrino Chief, is one of our greatest
sires of trotters, and yet the fastest of his get are
pacers, — Bumps, 2.03J, and Reubenstein, 2.05.
With such illustrious examples before us we need
not puzzle our wits to discover the origin of the
Narragansett pacer or the source of the Canadian
pacer.
John R. Gentry, one of the handsomest horses
in the world for his size, and a standard-bred
trotter, is a fast pacer. He was bred by H. G.
Toler, Wichita, Kansas; foaled in 1889; by Ash-
land Wilkes, 2. 1 7 J, who traces twice to Hamble-
tonian through George Wilkes and Administrator ;
dam Dame Wood by Wedge wood, 2.19 (son of
Belmont and Woodbine); second dam Fancy, 2.30,
by Winton. We should look for him to show
extreme speed at the trot, whereas, owing to his
form, he is a pacer with extreme speed. Among
310 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
the great pacers beaten by him in the fierce bat-
tles of the turf are Joe Patchen, Star Pointer,
Robert J., Anaconda, and Frank Agan. He was
sold at auction in 1896, for 1 19,900, has challenged
the admiration of the country, and has frequently
been driven on the road, where his manners are
perfect, by his owner, Edward H. Harriman. As
a sire he transmits both the trotting and the pac-
ing gaits.
Joe Patchen, the iron-hearted and iron-limbed
horse, is owned by Hon. John McCarty, whose
Parkway Farm at Goshen is not far from Arden
Farms, the estate of Mr. Harriman. He is a
powerfully built black horse, foaled in 1889, and
sired by Patchen Wilkes (son of George Wilkes
and Kitty Patchen by Mambrino Patchen); dam
Josephine Young by Joe Young, who traces twice
through his sire, Joe West, to Justin Morgan.
Betty Brown, the dam of Kitty Patchen, was a
daughter of Mambrino Patchen (son of Mambrino
Chief) out of a daughter of Mambrino Chief.
The potent foundation strains of Morgan, Ham-
bletonian, and Mambrino Chief are closely inter-
woven in Joe Patchen, and yet the result is a
great pacer, with pacing conformation. Joe
Patchen never knew when he was beaten on the
The Pacing Horse 311
turf ; he was resolute of purpose to the very end,
and I often was moved to applaud his determined
finishes. He retired to the stud with a record of
2.01J, where both trotters and pacers are coming
from his loins. His greatest triumph is Dan
Patch, a brown horse foaled in 1896; bred by
D. A. Messner of Oxford, Indiana; dam Zelica,
a mare of great quality, by Wilkesberry ; second
dam Abdallah Belle by Pacing Abdallah. Dan
Patch has the pacing lines with some pacing
blood, and at Providence, Rhode Island, August
29, 1902, he paced to a record of 1.59^. During
the season of 1903, Dan Patch, driven by the
master reinsman, M. H. Mc Henry, paced 13 ex-
hibition miles in 2.04 or better, and dropped below
two minutes — at Brighton Beach, 1.59; Colum-
bus, 1.59J; Lexington, 1.59J; Memphis, 1.56J;
and Memphis, 1.5 7 J. The 1.56J is the best har-
ness record with shield, and the 1.5 7 J is the best
wagon record with shield.
Prince Alert, bay gelding, foaled in 1892, by
Crown Prince (son of Artemas) ; dam Till, a bay
trotting mare of 15 hands, of untraced blood,
was bred by G. W. Fort of Knightstown, Indi-
ana, and October 31, 1902, he paced to a record
of two minutes at Memphis. He wears hopples,
3" The Trotting and tbe Pacing Horse
and during the season of 1903 had the advantage
of a wind-shield. At Empire City Park, New
York, September 23, he paced in 1.57; at Lex-
ington, October 10, in 1.59^; and at Philadelphia,
October 15, in 1.59^. The wind-shield, with
which his best performance was made, is of far
more assistance to the performer than a dirt-
shield, which is a narrow strip of canvas fastened
to the axle of the sulky which goes in front,
drawn by a runner. The 1.57 performance has
been rejected.
Previous to 1903 the pacing champion was
Star Pointer, who in 1897 acquired a record of
'•59i« H^ is ^ big b^y horse, foaled in 1889,
and a typical pacer, descended from a family of
pacers. When Campbell Brown, a courtly gen-
tleman from Spring Hill, Tennessee, was in the
flesh, I followed Brown Hal down the Grand
Circuit line and grew enthusiastic over some of
the races in which he was engaged. Brown Hal
was a handsome horse, finely coupled by Tom
Hal Jr. (Gibson's), dam Lizzie (dam of Little
Brown Jug, 2.1 if) by Netherland by Henry Hal;
and when he left the turf it was with a record of
2.12^. Gibson's Tom Hal was by Kittrell's Tom
Hal, out of Julia Johnson by Adam's Stump-the-
STAR POINTER
1.59Vi. the FIrat P»eer icross Ihe Two-ml
JOHN R. GENTRY
2.aOH, ItiB Trail Ine-b red Pacer cwnel by E. H. Hin
The Pacing Horse 313
Dealer. The original Tom Hal was a roan
taken from Canada to Kentucky, and it has
been claimed that he carried the blood of Justin
Morgan. The people of Maury and other coun-
ties of Tennessee were fond of the saddle, owing
in a measure to the quality of the roads, and the
pacing conformation was cultivated by them.
In addition to Brown Hal, the fast pacers sired
by Gibson's Tom Hal were Little Brown Jug,
who took his record of 2.1 if in 1881; Hal
Pointer, 2.04^, once a shining light of the Vil-
lage Farm campaign stable; and Imperial Hal,
2. 1 2 J. There were no trotters from him, because
he stamped his form upon his progeny. Sweep-
stakes, a mare with sloping hips, foaled in 1871,
and by Knight's Snow Heels, son of Knight's
Tom Hal, the son of Gibson's Tom Hal; dam
Kit by McMeen's Traveller by Sugg's Stump-the-
Dealer, was bred to Brown Hal, thus bringing
together kindred strains, and the result was Star
Pointer. He is a representative of strictly pac-
ing lines, and I shall look for him to produce
pacers, except when he breeds away from his
own type. Sweepstakes is the greatest of pac-
ing matrons, and she passed from Armstrong
Glenn, who raised her, to Captain H. P. Pointer
314 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
of Spring Hill, who bred her to Brown Hal.
She is the dam of five in the list, — Star Pointer,
'•59i; Hal Pointer, 2.04^; Elastic Pointer, 2.06^;
Cloud Pointer, 2.24^; and Tennessee Pointer,
2.2 3f. Brown Hal is the sire of 48 in the list,
including Hal Dillard, 2.04^; Hal Chaffin, 2.05^;
Elastic Pointer, 2.o6j^; Star Hal, 2.06^; and Hal
Braden, 2.07J.
Mr. John K. Ottley, a banker and breeder of
Georgia, and one of the moving ^irits of the
Atlanta Horse Show, which commands the sup-
port of the fashion of the South, rides a gaited
saddle horse, but is not an admirer of the pacer
in harness. In a recent letter to me he says : —
''In the small towns of the South and on the
plantations the walking horse is a great fovorite.
In the larger towns and cities the gaited horse
takes its place.
"In the Southern cities some few people have
copied, from our English cousins and brethren
of the North, the walk-trot horse, but a large per-
centage of the gentlemen prefer the present
gaited horse, which has the three gaits of walk,
trot, and canter, with the addition of the rack,
slow gait, fox trot, or stepping pace.
" The pacing horse is not popular in the South.
The Pacing Horse 315
Pacers are not pleasant drivers over country
roads where they are at all rough. The pacer
in the South has very little market value except
for racing purposes. The few that are used for
pl^aaur?^ driving are generally used by people
who simply want speed, and the pacer is selected
for the reason that more speed can be bought for
less money, than in the trotter.
" The most popular horse in the South with the
greatest number for general utility and pleasure
purposes is the standard-bred trotter. He has
more finish and greater endurance than any
other horse used in the South. In fact, the
trotter is now recognized as the ideal harness
horse in the South."
Large purses are now offered for pacers, and
pacing races afiford a means for lively specula-
tion; therefore we find the pacer much more in
evidence than formerly. He has multiplied so
rapidly as to give rise to the thought that he will
ultimately destroy the trotting breed. Through
the use of hopples, combined with hurried prepa-
ration for track contests, many horses are added
to the pacing column which otherwise would be
found in the trotting column. The hopple is the
refuge of the lazy or incompetent trainer.
CHAPTER XXXI
THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE PACER
I HAVE before me a manuscript sent to me
in 1877 by E. H. Douglas of Tennessee, describ-
ing the foundation pacing horses of that state : —
" Black Hawk (Dr. C. T. Bright's), so known in
Tennessee. Was bred in Kentucky; by Davy
Crockett out of a Blackburn Whip mare. This
horse captured many premiums in Tennessee,
and was the equal of John Waxy as a combined
harness and saddle horse. Was able to trot to
harness in 2.55, and repeat under saddle in 2.50
over the same ground with only time to change
from harness to saddle. His best colts were
sired in Sumner County. Dr. Bright bought
Old Black Hawk and gave |>iooo for him. He
was killed under General William Bates at
Shiloh. It is from this stock that we have the
fast trotting mare Kate Allen.
" Thompson's Traveller by Old Traveller
sired the toughest and best horses in Tennessee.
They were sound as gold dollars and tough as
316
The Multiplication of the Pacer 317
iron ; could work all day and run foxes at night ;
eat less and stand more on empty bellies than
any horses I ever saw. They were the best
saddle horses in the Confederate cavalry, and
looked like race-horses built on the Jack Malone
and Bonnie Scotland type. They were the most
useful stock in our state. Many of the fastest
pacers in Tennessee, such as Prince Pulaski and
Mattie Hunter, are proofs of the value of the
Traveller blood.
" There is a Clipper stock that once was popu-
lar, but unsound eyes obscured them. They
were from the Tom Hal family of Kentucky.
"The two premium saddle horses and sires
of middle Tennessee were Old Mountain Slasher
and Thompson's Traveller. Pedigrees as given
in handbills are doubtful, but Mountain Slasher
is good enough to trace to for speed and saddle
horses. He was a beautiful iron-gray, dappled
when young, and had a white or silver tail and
mane. Was near a three-minute horse on the
road, and was in his day Tennessee's ideal saddle
horse, always creating a sensation in the fair ring.
He was a model fit for a king to ride. His
running walk and fox trot have never been
equalled since his day. It would have carried
3i8 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
you with perfect ease to rider and horse from ten
to twelve miles an hour. We doubt if Kentucky,
or any other state, ever had the superior of Old
Mountain Slasher. His prepotency was remark-
able."
Mr. Douglas describes Love's Pilot as a rich
brown of 15.2, by a son of Elliott's Pilot Jr. by
Alexander's Pilot, dam Fanny Fern, a premium
saddle mare.
*• Fayette Denmark was a strong and hand-
some bay of 16 hands, going all saddle gaits, and
got by Washington Denmark of Kentucky, son
of imported Hedgeford, dam by Gray Eagle. He
took premiums in Kentucky, and at Nashville,
Murfreesboro, Franklin, and Columbia, Tennes-
see, and later was returned to Kentucky."
A handbill, issued in 1882, describes Dillard
Denmark as a rich brown of 15.2. "Dillard the
Third, the sire of Dillard Denmark, was out of
Electra, she by Thompson's or Pointer's Slasher.
Electra was quite as fast and fine a saddle mare
as Zephyr, her grand-dam on sire's side. Zephyr
captured all the blue ribbons wherever shown.
Electra's dam. Stockings, was by Highlander, a
four-mile race-horse by Glencoe. Stockings was
a number one saddle mare, having often coon-
The Multiplication of the Pacer 319
walked or running-walked seven or eight miles
an hour, never requiring or allowing rider to use
whip or spur."
Much color, if not fiction, was infused into
these early descriptions, and I quote them to
show how the ancestors of pacing horses were
regarded by the warm-blooded people of Ten-
nessee. The Tom Hal family is the live pacing
family of Tennessee and America.
In 1876, when the chestnut mare from Ten-
nessee, Mattie Hunter, who acquired a record of
2.1 2 J, paced a series of races in the Grand Cir-
cuit with Rowdy Boy, Lucy, and Sleepy Tom,
the public heart was fired by the whirlwind
rushes, and the stewards of the circuit awoke
to the fact that a field of fast pacers was a draw-
ing card, and there was an upward trend in the
value of purses for pacers. Sleepy Tom was a
chestnut gelding by Tom Rolfe, and, although
totally blind, fought his races with great deter-
mination. The confidence that he reposed in
his driver was wonderful. He obtained a record
of 2.12^. In 1883 the brown gelding Richball
was a circuit sensation, beating such horses as
Westmont, Gurgle, Flora Belle, Sleepy Tom,
Buffalo Girl, and Lucy, and by this time nearly
320 Tbe Trotting and tbe Pacify Horse
every prominent trotting stable had added one or
more fast pacers to its string. The pacing races
appealed to the speculative feeling, and the bet-
ting was fast and furious when they were in
progress.
The brown gelding Little Brown Jug made
his appearance in 1879, and in 1880, 1881, and
1882 was a brilliant star in the pacing firmament
His best race was at Hartford, Connecticut,
August 24, 1 88 1, where he beat Mattie Hunter
and Lucy in 2.1 if, 2.1 if, 2.12^. His brother,
Brown Hal, later paced to a record of 2.12^, and
won distinction as a sire of fast pacers. John-
ston, a bay gelding, by Joe Bassett, won his first
race at East Saginaw, Michigan, July 4, 1883,
and marched straight to championship honors.
In 1884 he paced to high-wheel sulky to a record
of 2.o6f . This high-wheel record was reduced
by Dan Patch in 1903 to 2.04f. At the close of
1902 the records stood : —
star Pointer, bay horse, by Brown Hal .... 1.59}
Dan Patch, brown horse, by Joe Patchen . . . . i .59^
Prince Alert, bay gelding, by Crown Prince . . .2.00
John R. Gentry, bay horse, by Ashland Wilkes . . . 2.00}
Joe Patchen, black horse^ by Patchen Wilkes . . 2.01}
Little Boy, bay gelding, by Kenton 2.01}
Robert J., bay gelding, by Hartford 2.01}
Coney, black gelding, by McKinney 2.02
JOE PATCHEN
S.OlV^ the Sire ot the Champion Picer. Dan Patch. 1.56^.
BROWN HAL
A Disilnfulshed Sire of Fki
The Multiplication of the Pacer 32 1
Through the aid of dirt-shields in 1903 the
important change was
Dan Patchy Oct. 22, at Memphis 1.56^1
One hundred horses paced miles in 2.10 or
better during the season of 1 903, and at the close
of 1902 there were 471 horses with records of
2.10 and better. The list of fast pacers grows
astonishingly from year to year.
The exciting races in 1895 for championship
honors were between Robert J., Joe Patchen, and
John R. Gentry, and as each of these horses was
trotting-bred the truth was forced upon thou-
sands that the two gaits are interchangeable.
Now nearly as much money is offered every
season by track managers for pacers as for trot-
ters. Under the rules of registration and the
rules of racing the pacer is a type distinct from
the trotter.
Although the pacing interest was of minor
importance prior to 1861, I append a table show-
ing the reduction of the pacing record from
1839: —
Drover, bay gelding 1839 2.28
Fanny Elllsler, gray mare 1844 2.27I
Unknown, chestnut gelding 1844 2.23
Pet, roan gelding 1852 2.18}
Y
322 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Pocahontas, chestnut mare r855 2.17I
Sleepy George, bay gelding 1879 2.1 si
Sleepy Tom, chestnut gelding .... 1879 2.12^
Little Brown Jug, brown gelding .... 1881 2.ii|
Johnston, bay gelding 1883 2.10
Johnston, bay gelding 1884 2.06^
Direct, black horse 1891 2.06
Hal Pointer, bay gelding 1892 2.05}
Mascot, bay gelding 1892 2.04
Robert J., bay gelding 1894 2.01 1
John R. Gentry, bay horse 1896 2.00}
Star Pointer, bay horse 1897 1.59}
Dan Patch, bay horse 1903 1.564 x
The 2.17^ of Pocahontas, in 1855, was to
wagon, a big handicap as wagons were built in
those days. Johnston's 2.06J was to high-wheel
sulky on a regulation track, and it stands out as
conspicuously as does the 2.o8f of Maud S. to
high wheels on the regulation track at Cleveland.
The 2.06 of Direct was on the kite track at Inde-
pendence, Iowa, which was &ster than an oval for
high wheels. The bicycle sulky came into gen-
eral use in 1892, and all subsequent records were
made to it. The fastest unquestioned record in
the compilation is that of Star Pointer. The
1. 56 J of Dan Patch was with dirt-shield. Star
Pointer was a marvellous horse, bred from pac-
ing lines for pacing purposes, and among the
great pacers defeated by him in races were Joe
Tbe Multiplication of the Pacer 323
Patchen, John R. Gentry, and Frank Agan. In
1897 he paced nine miles in 2.02 J or better, and at
Readville, August 28th, established the record at
^•59i- ^^ ^898 he beat two minutes four times
and equalled his record of 1.59 J. No wonder
that the people of the fertile pacing district of
Tennessee are proud of Star Pointer and his
family.
The pacing gait was at one time considered
slower than the trotting gait, but higher breeding
for lateral action gave a more direct stroke to the
pacer and carried him in advance of the trotter.
High breeding, with skill in training, driving, and
equipment, has improved the physical form of the
trotter, giving less friction to the diagonal stroke,
and I look forward to the time when the trotting
record will again equal, if not surpass, the pacing
record.
CHAPTER XXXII
BREEDING AND BREEDING ESTABLISHMENTS
The Kentucky Trotting Horse Association
was organized in 1873, and when I attended its
first meetings at Lexington, the outlook was any-
thing but cheerful. Only what you might call
a corporal's guard paid to see the races ; and the
officers of the famous Kentucky Association, the
then oldest active racing association in America,
with General John C. Breckinridge at its head,
predicted a speedy failure. The best people went
to the running races, and noses were turned up
at the trotter. The pioneers of the movement,
however, were made of stern stuff, and did not
readily yield to discouragement. Colonel Rich-
ard West, Major Henry C. McDowell, Lucas
Brodhead, W. H. Wilson, R. G. Stoner, Dr. L.
Herr, R. P. Todhunter, J. C. McFerran, R. S.
Veech, and John E. Green, the three last from
Louisville, persevered in the effort, and the asso-
ciation steadily grew in importance and influence.
It became the fashion for gentlemen from the
3^4
!
U
"I
z i
11
Breeding and Breeding Establishments 325
East, notably New York, Buffalo, Philadelphia,
and Boston, to charter private cars and spend
the week in the Blue-grass section with the
trotter; and it was not long before the accommo-
dations of Lexington were severely overtaxed
during the October meeting. The gates of the
running track finally were closed, and thousands
flocked to the well-appointed grounds of the
trotting association. The leading breeding es-
tablishment was Woodbum Farm, founded by
R. A. Alexander; and next in importance were
Glenview Stock Farm, J. C. McFerran, at Louis-
ville; Indian Hill, R. S. Veech, Louisville;
Edge Hill, Richard West, Georgetown; Ash-
land, H. C. McDowell, Lexington; Fairlawn,
General W. T. Withers, Lexington ; Forest
Park, Dr. L. Herr, Lexington; and Abdallah
Park, Cynthiana. Other establishments were
founded by William L. Simmons, Z. E. Sim-
mons, B. J. Treacy, Cecil Brothers, T. C Anglin,
Bowerman Brothers, L. L. Dorsey, R. P. Pepper,
W. C. France, T. E. Moore, R. C. Estill, W. W.
Estill, P. P. Johnston, Lewis Brothers, Lister
Witherspoon, W. W. Baldwin, W. E. D. Stokes,
Scott Newman, Peter Duryea, J. F. Calloway,
John E. Madden, T. J. McGibbon, Richard Pen-
326 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
istan, Dr. S. Price, J. T. Shackelford, R. S.
Strader, R. G. Stoner, A, S. Talbert, J. W.
Bailey, and L, V. Harkness. The latter is the
proprietor of Walnut Hall Farm, one of the best-
appointed establishments of its kind in the world.
The whole Blue-grass section was a nest of
breeding farms, and weeks instead of days were
required thoroughly to inspect them. Nutrition
is essential to successful live-stock farming, and
the sweet and holding grass of the undulating
limestone lands of Kentucky furnishes the grazing
that builds up constitution with rapid growth.
In Orange County and Dutchess County,
New York, the grazing lands are excellent, and
the great foundation establishments after the
Civil War were Stony Ford, where Charles
Backman gathered around his table and in the
smoking room men of distinction from all parts
of the civilized world, and Thomdale, where
Edwin Thome dispensed refined hospitality.
Other Orange and Dutchess County breeders
were Alden Goldsmith, Harrison Mills, J. M.
Mills, Guy Miller, R. F. Galloway, Benjamin F.
Tracy, E. H. Harriman, and Jacob Ruppert. In
Erie County, New York, the spirit of rivalry was
strong and the overshadowing establishments
t
3l
Breeding and Breeding Establishments 327
were those of C. J. Hamlin and Henry C. Jewett
R, L. Howard and Gerhardt Lang also had much
money invested in breeding at Buffalo. W. E.
Spier, John B. Dutcher, Erastus Corning, John
H. Shults, James Butler, J. W. Daly, W. B.
Dickerman, Robert Bonner, F. G. Babcock, Jud-
son H. Clark, H. N. Bain, I. V. Baker, George
D. Sherman, D, S. Hammond, Harrison Durkee,
W. R. Janvier, S. C. Wells, John McCarty, J.
Howard Ford, William Simpson, Brayton Ives,
Carll S. Burr, E. R. Ladew, H. O. Havemeyer,
and A. A. Housman had or still have important
breeding farms in the state of New York. The
establishment of greatest magnitude in New
Jersey was Fashion Stud Farm, at Trenton, in
the prosperous days of Henry N. Smith; but
other breeding farms in the state were those of
A. B. Darling, E. S. Wells, F. P. Olcott, R, A.
Fairbairn, William H. Fearing, Hugh J. Grant,
W. C. Hendrickson, W. F. Redmond, and A. V.
Sargeant.
The pioneer breeding establishment of Cali-
fornia, previous to the death of Leland Stanford,
was Palo Alto; and other extensive breeders of
the state were William Corbitt, L. J. Rose, J. B.
Haggin, W. S. Hobart, Monroe Salisbury, and
328 The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
Henry Pierce. Jay Beach was prominent in
Oregon, the Dubois Brothers in Colorado ; H. I.
& F. D. Stout, Walter I. Hayes, and Nat
Bruen commanded earnest attention in Iowa;
in Kansas, Sprague & Akers and H. G. Toler
were prominent; in Minnesota N. W. Kittson,
W. R. Merriam, and G. W. Sherwood bred
extensively. In Michigan S. A. Browne, Walter
Clark, Dewy & Stewart, and Sutherland & Ben-
jamin; in Illinois were Arthur J. Caton, F. S.
Gorton, A. G. Danforth, Fred Seacord, W. A. San-
born, and C. W. Williams; in Indiana, W. P.
I jams, M. L. Hare, James Wilson, and White
River Stock Farm. Bitter Root Farm, during the
life of Marcus Daly, was the foremost breeding
farm of Montana ; but other breeders that obtained
prominence in that state were Huntley & Clark,
C. X. Larabee, and W. H. Raymond. In Wis-
consin, H. L. Dousman, Jerome I. Case, John
L. Mitchell, Uhlien Brothers, and F. S. Waters
were prominent. George M. Jewett, C. F. Emery,
W. H. White, Frank Rockefeller, John B. Cassily,
George H. Ketcham, L. G. Delano, Allen G.
Thurman, and Lewis & Albough kept Ohio to the
front. May Overton, G. M. Fogg, V. L. Kirk-
man, A. H. Robinson, J. W. Thompson, and
Breeding and Breeding Establisbments 329
Campbell Brown stood in the front rank of
Tennessee breeders; and R. H. Plant is the best-
known breeder in Georgia. In Wyoming we
have A. C Beckwith, and in Canada J. P. Wiser,
Cyrille Laurin, and Simon James. To West
Virginia I credit Henry Schmulbach and W. G.
Bennett ; to Virginia, H. C. Chamblin and Floyd
Brothers ; to Texas, Henry Exall and J. W. Bailey ;
to North Carolina, L. B. Holt ; to Maryland, C. M.
Garmendia ; to Maine, C. H. Nelson, J. M. John-
son, and B. F. Briggs ; to Connecticut, C. M. Pond,
W. B. Smith, Rundle & White, Albert C. Hall,
Charles H. Maury, and Miss A. A. Marks; to
Rhode Island, F. E. Perkins and F. C. Sayles ;
and to Vermont, Edwin Bates and Joseph Bat-
tell. Miller & Sibley founded a second Palo
Alto at Franklin, Pennsylvania, and for years it
was the greatest breeding establishment of the
state. Other prominent Pennsylvania breeders are
Robert Steel, A. H. Moore, H. S. Henry, Powell
Brothers, and John P. Crozier. In New Hamp-
shire, Frank Jones, during his lifetime, stood in
the very front rank. Massachusetts is one of the
greatest among trotting-horse breeding states.
At Pittsfield we have Allen Farm, upon which
W. R. Allen has spent hundreds of thousands of
330 Tbe Trotting and the Pacing Horse
dollars. At Lancaster is Maplehurst Farm, Colo-
nel John E. Thayer, the home of Baron Wilkes.
At Great Barrington are Forkhurst Farm, Charles
H. Kemer, and Locustwood, Colonel William
L, Brown. The great Dream wold Farm of
Thomas W. Lawson is at Scituate. At Read-
viUe is Forbes Farm, the home of Arion, Bingen.
and Nancy Hanks. H. S. Russell, Elizur Smith,
George B. Inches, C. C. Mayberry, Charles
Whittemore, and C. W. Lasell stand high on
the roster of Massachusetts breeders.
Death treads closely on the heels of Time, and
the breeding situation is constantly changing;
but the trotting horse will live until the Union is
broken into fragments or good roads are wrecked
by a convulsion of nature or of sentiment
The question of how to breed successfully
is an important one, and the reader, I am
sure, will thank me for introducing the views of
a man of large experience. The appended letter
was written to me from Boston, under date of
September 22, 1903: —
" It seems to me that in the Eastern states,
at least, where it is so expensive to raise horses
to the age at which they can be useful for racing
Breeding and Breeding Establishments 331
or for fast driving on the road, the key of the
breeding problem is to have a few really good
mares rather than a large number of less value.
In other words, if I intended to invest ten thou-
sand dollars in brood mares I would consider it
a safer investment, with less chances of failure, to
buy five mares worth two thousand apiece, than
to buy twenty mares worth five hundred. But
one must be a very good judge to be sure you
get your value in the five mares. Before starting
a trotting stud of my own, I had seen many
failures by others, because breeding and speed
were not sufficiently valued and sought after in
sire and dam. I chose Anon because of his
phenomenal speed; he had recently trotted as
a two-year-old in 2.1 of to a high- wheel sulky
with no ball bearings. His sire stood far ahead
as a producer of 2.30 speed. His dam was sired
by Nutwood, who was the second sire of 2.30
speed. As the greatest producer of speed, there-
fore, I put Electioneer as the best son of Hamble-
tonian 10. One must remember that he stood at
the extreme Western section of our country, that
he was kept as a private stallion, and his wonder-
ful showing was from the mares of one owner*
" The other noted stallions have stood in locali-
33^ The Trotting and the Pacing Horse
ties where they could have the choice mares of
a large circle of horsemen. Alexander's Ab-
dallah, George Wilkes, Dictator, and Happy
Medium seem to be the order of merit in which
the other sons of Hambletonian should be
ranked. The two-minute record for trotting and
the 1.57 record for pacing show that we are fast
getting to the time when we can claim that we
have a trotting and pacing breed of horses in this
country that approximates in breeding to the
thoroughbred race-horse in England.
"J. Malcolm Forbes.'*
Since the above letter was written, Mr. Forbes,
who stood for all that was praiseworthy in sport,
has passed away, leaving a gap that is really diffi-
cult to fill.
The evolution of the trotter has been aided by
trainers, drivers, sulky builders, harness makers,
and track builders. The successful trainers of
to-day are thoughtful, hard-working men, with a
larger store of information than those of fonner
decades. They understand balancing through
shoeing better than their predecessors, and re-
spect the rules drawn up for the preservation of
discipline. The material that they handle is iax
Breeding and Breeding Establishments 333
better than that of twenty or thirty years ago, and
quicker results are obtained. The tracks and
vehicles are seconds faster than when Dexter
was heralded as the invincible trotter of the
world.
INDEX
Abben, 196, 25S.
Abbot, The, 33, 76, 120^ 1 78, 222.
Career of, 77.
Ulostration of progression in
horses, 223.
Records by, 9, I2«
Abdalbrino, 155.
Abdallah (i), son of Mambrino, 37.
Descendants of, 100, 144-145,
194, 217, 243, 247.
History of, 143-144.
Abdallah (15), Alexander's, 32, 33,
39, 78, 123, 126, 147, 332.
Death of, 153.
Descendants of, 154-155* 17I)
257, 261.
Goldsmith Maid sired by, 153.
History of, 152-153.
Abdallah, Conklin's, 65.
Abdallah, Spaulding's, 38.
Abdallah Belle, 34» 311.
Abdallah Chief, Roe's, 171.
Abdallah Mambrino, 257.
Abdallah Park, 247, 325.
Aberdeen, ancestry of, 214.
History of, 186-188.
Progeny of, 188-189.
Adbell, 176, 228, 245-246.
Addison, loa
Adebel, 246.
Adelaide, 65.
Adele Gould, 197.
Administrator, 253, 309.
Adonis, 26
Advance, 176,
Advertiser, 176, 227, 245, 263.
Valaation put on, by Leland
Stanford, 228.
Agitato, 197.
Aida, 251.
Ajax, 144.
Albert France, 170.
Alberto, 264.
Albion, 153, 196, 258.
Alcantara, ancestry of, 31, 121, 158,
166, 252, 253.
Career of, 166.
Descendants of, 127, 264.
Alcatraz, 262.
Alcazar, 246, 270.
Alcidalia, 188.
Aldna, 264.
Alcyo, 167.
Alcyone, 121, 127, 158, 166^ 167,
252-253*
Aldine, 71, 85.
Alexander (Arabian), 14a
Alexander, A. J., 281.
Dame Winnie bred by, 254.
Miss Russell owned by, 132.
Alexander, John K., 118.
Alexander, R. A., 129, 153.
Harold bought by, 194.
Miss Russell bred by, 239.
Morse Horse owned by, 227.
Alexander's Abdallah. 5^^ Abdallah,
Alexander's.
Alfonso, 253.
Alfred, 129.
Alfred G., 179, 265.
335
336
Index
AlgiUb, 199.
Alice Gameal, 147.
AlicU, 253.
Altt, 75. 1^ "I, 122, 126b 154, 19^
200,259.
Career o( 75-76.
ColnmbUn Expotition Stake won
by, 102.
Records by, 9, 12, 19a
Alla,228.
AUen, William Rnnell, 13, 15-16,
18, 20, 73, 237.
President of American Trotting
Register Association, 282.
Allendorf, 253.
Allen Farm, PitUfield, Mass., 123,
329-330-
Residence at, of — -
Elista, 237.
Lancelot, 237-238.
Roasignol, 262.
Suffrage, 242^243.
Allerton, 79, 80^ 119, 168.
Alley, 170, 185.
Alley, George B., 206, 297.
Dexter bought by, 213.
Alley Russell, 17a
AUie West, 33, 78, 260.
AUie Wilkes, 164.
Alline, 253.
Alma, 251.
Alroack, 37, 229.
Alma Mater, 31, 121, 127, 166, 252-
Almater, 253.
Almera, 251.
Almeta, 253.
Almonarch, 222.
Almont, 31, 32, 33, 78, 124, 154.
Descendants of, 124, 155-156,
222, 253, 26a
Almont Chief, 268.
Almont Jr., Hamlin's, 222.
Almont Star, 31.
Alsatian, 253.
AlU Belle, 244.
Altamont, 156.
Altamont Jr., Hamlin*s^ 1561
Altivo, 255.
Amami,253.
Amazonia, 144.
America, early horses in, 1-4, 86-95.
142.
Importation to, of —
Grand Bashaw, 216.
Bellfounder, 145.
Mambrina, 142.
Margrave, 253.
Messenger, 135.
American Belle, 178.
American Boy, 37.
American Commander, 36.
American Eclipse, 116, 120^ 134, 143,
201, 2ia
Career of, 136.
Descendants of, 171, 201, aoi,
223, 229, 234, 254, 306.
Pedigree of, 11 7-1 18.
American Girl, 45, 107, 157, 217.
American Saddle Horse Breeders'
Association, foundation
stock of, 305-306.
American Star (37), 31, 32, 33, 38,
100, 21a
American Star, Conklin's, 213.
American Star (14), See^s, 33, 49,
78, 150, 168, 186, 190^
202, 206, 259, 264, 308.
Pedigree of, 210-212.
American Star, Stockholm's, 100, 2 lo.
American Trotting Association, or-
ganization of, 289.
American Trotting Register Associ-
ation, 282, 289.
Americus, race of, against Dutchman
and Lady Suffolk, 42-44.
Index
337
Amos (Cassius M. Clay Jr.), 217.
Amy Lee, 332.
Anaconda, 31a
Andrew Jacluon, ao8, 216.
Andms Hambletonian, 38, 141.
An^n, T. C, breeding establish-
ment of, 325.
Annabel, 126-127.
Annette, 72, 176.
Annie G., 26a
Annie Stevens, 264*
Annie Wilton, 76.
Ansel, 72, 178, 236.
Pedigree of, 176.
Anselma, 236.
Answer, 178.
Anteeo, 177, 178, 265.
Descendants of, 179, 265-266.
Anteros, 265.
Antevolo, 265.
Antonio, 172, 237.
Arab, 214.
Arabian, Croclcett's, 228, 229.
Arabian, Leeds', 118.
Aratos, 142, 254.
Arbiter, 253.
Archer, George W., 298.
Arden Farms breeding establish-
ment, E. H. Harriman's,
248,31a
Argonaut, 107.
Ariel, 136.
Arion, 75, 126, 175-176, 177, 179,
«63» 3JO, 331.
Price paid for, by J. M. Forbes,
270.
Two-year*old record by, 82.
Aristos, 100.
Arlington, 164.
Artemas, 311.
Arthnrton, 214, 259, 270.
Artillery, 264.
Artus, 262.
Ashgrove Farm, George Wilkes at,
158-159.
Ashland, H. C McDowell's, 193,
325.
Ashland Wilkes, 164, 309, 320.
Association for Promotion of Inter-
ests of American Trotting
Turf, formation of, 286-
287.
Associations, early racing, 285.
Asteroid, 222.
Astor, Henry, Messenger bought by,
136.
Astoria, 251.
Athel, 263.
AtlanU, 75, 76, 154, 196.
Atlanta, horse shows at, 29a
Attorney, 75, 76, 154.
Descendants of, 195-196.
Auburn Horse, the, 230-231.
Aurora, 254.
Australian, 253, 256.
Autograph, 31.
Awful, 37, 42.
A. W. Richmond, 178, 265.
Axtell, 79, 80, 120, 169, 207, 214.
Axtellion, 261.
Axworthy, 72, 261.
Ayers, E. W., Beuzetta owned by,
257.
Ayres P., 6.
Azmoor, 176.
Azote, 102, 177, 178.
Babcock, F. G., 327.
Babraham, 89.
Bacchus, 38.
Backman, Charles, 125, 150, 206,
215, 223, 233, 298, 299,
326.
Officer of National Association
of Trotting Horse Breed-
ers, 276.
338
Index
Bickman, Charles [continued^ —
Monument erected to Green
MountAin Maid by, aj8.
Owner of —
Antonio, 237.
Green Monntain Maid, 234.
Meaaenger Doroc, 171-172.
Roaa Lee, 14a
Quoted on pedigree of Seely*s
American Star, 21 1-2 12.
Bailey, J. W^ 326^ 329.
Bain, H. N., 327.
Bair, W. W., 7a
Baker, I. V^ 276^ 327.
Baker, I. V., Jr^ 298.
Balch, W. P., 98.
Bald Chief, 243.
Baldwin, W. W., 325.
Ballona, 262.
Baltimore, races at, 27, 42.
Barb Mare, Burton's, 253.
Barefoot, ill.
Barker, K. C^ 288.
Barney Henry, 102.
Baron Alexander, 253.
Baron Bel, 178.
Baron Crisp, 20a
Baron de Shay, 17a
Baron Wilkes, 158, 253, 330.
Ancestry of, 121, 170.
Foals by, 170.
Pacers descended from, 309.
Bashaw, Green's, 208-209.
Bates, Benjamin, loa
Bates, Edwin, 329.
Battell, Joseph, 88, 89, 112, 329.
Qted concerning the Pilot family,
129-131.
On Canadian pacing horses, 303.
Pedigree of Seely's American Star
according to» 210-21 1.
Bayard, 131.
Bay Barb, Croft's, 253.
Bay Bokon, 135.
Bay Chief, Alexander^ 243.
Bay Kentucky Hunter, 229.
Bay Messenger, 38, 78, 247.
Beach, Jay, 328.
Bean, Leri, 93.
Beatrice, 76, 121, aoa
Beautiful Bay (True Briton), 88-89.
Beautiful Bells, 76^ 177, 222, 243.
Ancestry of, 243-244.
Bred to Electioneer, 175.
Beck, 227.
Beckwith, A. C, 329.
Bedford, 142.
Bedford, E. T., 85.
Bell, Robert, 13a
Bella, 151.
Bell Bird, 176, 245.
Bell Boy, 245.
Belle, 81, 123, I5S» aoS, 259.
Belle Brasfield, 65.
Belle F., 109.
Belleflower, 245.
Belle Hamlin, 7, 84, 85, 221.
Belle Kuser, 262.
Belle Loupe, 123.
Belle of Saratoga, 97.
Belle of Wabash, 244.
Belle Patchen, 121.
Belle Thornton, 120, 222.
Bellfounder (English), 145.
Bellfounder (imported), 145, 173,
194, 208, 222.
Bellfounder, Brown's, 123.
Bellfounder, Latourett's, 38.
Belling, 224, 264.
Bellnut, team record of, 7.
Belmont, 123-125, 127, 154, 155,
179, 241, 253, 309.
Belmont, Williamson's, 26, 193.
Belsire, 245.
Bemay, 8, 85.
Ben Franklin, loa
Index
339
Bennett, W. G., 329.
Benton M., 205.
Bertholf Hone, the, 171.
Berthune, So^ 264.
Bertrand, 142.
Bessie WUton, 170.
Betsey Baker, 38* 143-144, 285.
Betsey Richards, 118.
Betty Brown, 121, 310.
Betty Leeds, 89.
Benlah, 103, 195, 203, 256.
Benzetta, 125, 166, 195, 256-257.
Bicara, 124, 200^ 259.
Bicycle sniky, advent of, 11-12, 74.
Comparison of high-wheel sulky
and, 18-22, 83.
Effect of, on kite track, 5.
Bigelow, Albert S., 302.
Big Jim, 255.
Billings, C K. G^ I2-I3f I9> 20, 27-
28,29-30.
Director of League of American
Driving Clubs, 302.
Double-harness teams owned by,
85.
Billy Barr, 99.
Billy Hoskins, 229.
Billy Parks, 205.
Billy Root, 97, 164.
Billy Townes, 182.
Bingen, 75, 77, 182, 228, 33a
Bird, 23a
Birmingham, 120, 258.
Bishop, Isaac, 138.
Bishop, J. M., 138.
Bishop, Wesley, 161.
Bishop's Hambletonian. See Ham-
bletonian. Bishop's.
Bitter Root Farm, 263, 328.
Black Bashaw, 38.
^ack Bess, 185.
Blackbird, 265.
Blackburn Whip, 316.
Black Diamond, 265.
Black Douglas, 217.
Black Hawk (5), 42, 97-98.
Lady Suffolk bred to, 44.
See also Vermont Black Hawk.
Black Hawk, Blood's, 104, 222.
Black Hawk, Dr. C. T. Bright's, 316.
Black Hawk, Gist's, 305.
Black Hawk, Vemol's, 208.
Black Hawk Telegraph, 261.
Black Kate, loa
Blacklock strain, 48.
Black Maria, 136.
Black Rose, 257.
Black Woful, 222.
Blanch Star, 31.
Blanco, 62.
Blandina, 123.
Blaze, 135.
Blind Tuckahoe, 231.
Blucher, 184.
Blue Bull, family of, 225-226.
Blue Grass Park, 146.
Bodine, 53-61, 185, 224.
BoUy Lewis, 212.
Bolton Starling, 89.
Bond, Colonel, 40.
Bonita, 175.
Bonner, A. A., 192.
Bonner, David, 99, 147, 149, 150^
192, 221, 276.
Bonner, Frederic, 18-19, 23.
Bonner, Robert, 5, 212-213, 233,
296, 297, 327.
Flatbush Maid and Lady Palmer
driven by, 297.
Hambletonian (Rysdyk's) cured
by, 15a
Letter concerning sidewalks on
the Speedway, 299.
Owner of —
Auburn Horse, the, 230-231.
Edward Everett, 204.
342
Index
Chimci, 6, 76, 177, 222, 244-245.
Cincinnati, races at, 42.
Maud S. at, 69.
Clara, 49, 150, I90-I9i> 214. 3^8.
History of, 249-251.
Qarabel, 222.
Clark, Judson H., 327.
Gark, Walter, 328.
Qark Chief, 124-125.
Clay, Henry, 114.
Qay, James B., 114, 115.
Clay, Colonel James E., Aberdeen
bought by, 188.
Gay, Smith's, 205.
Gay family, the, 216-224, 263-264.
Gay Pilot, 243.
Clayton, 223.
Geora, 84.
Geveland, Gentlemen's Driving Gub
of, 301-302.
Goldsmith Maid-Smuggler race
at, 51-62.
Races at, 28, 29, 71, 85.
Gimate, effect of, on hones, 162,
201.
Gingstone, 84.
Goud Pointer, 314.
Cobwebs, 178.
Cock of the Rock, loi.
Cockroft, James M., 113.
Cohnfield, Isador, 84.
Colbert, 166.
Coles, General Nathaniel, 136.
Colonel Axtell, 261.
Colonel Kuser, 262.
Colonel Morgan Mare, the, 243.
Colonel Wood, 23a
Columbia, 265.
Columbian Exposition Stake, 102.
Columbine, 178, 265-266.
Columbus, 98.
Columbus, Ohio, races at, 33, 79.
Comanche, 112.
Comee, 100.
Conmiodore Vanderbilt, 156.
Complete Trotting and Pacing Rec-
ord, Chester's, 83, 94.
Conductor, 258.
Coney, 32a
Confidence, 156.
Conklin, R. Bw, 65.
Conkltn, Samuel, Green Mountain
Maid bred by, 233.
Conklin's American Star, 213.
Conley, John W., 191, 197.
Connecticut, breeders in, 329.
Conqueror, 4, 37.
Conrad, 266.
Constable, William, 136.
Constantine, 264.
Consternation, 80.
Contention, 33, 78, 26a
Controller, wagon record of, 7.
Cook, William H., loa
Copeland, 31, 182.
Copeland Maid, 31.
Copperbottom, 304.
Cora Belmont, 242.
Coral, 265.
Corbitt, William, 168, 270^ 327.
Coriander, 36.
Corinne, 251.
Corning, Erastus, 222, 327.
Cosette Boy, 230.
Countess Eve, 228.
Count Kilrush (Santa Claus), 197.
Crafty, 165.
Crawford, W. H^ Lew Scott cam
paigned by, 231.
Cresceus, 14, 178.
Ancestry of, 32-33, 78, 214, 260.
Career of, 78-79.
Records made by, 7, 9, 12, 33-34.
The Abbot beats, 77.
Wagon performances by, 7, 8.
Cricket, 197.
htdex
343
Crockett's Arabian. See Arabian.
Crop, 134.
Crown Prince, 35» 311.
Crozier, John P., 329.
Creeping Kate, 142.
Crusader, 78.
Cubano, 30S.
Cummings, F. M., 208.
Cunningham, ^* Bill,'* 160.
Cupid, 26.
Cuyler, 140, 199-200.
Cuylercoast, 200^ 259.
Cynthia, 230.
Dahlia, 133.
Daingerfield, Bilajor F. A., Sam Purdy
owned by, 219.
Daly, J. W., 327.
Daly, Marcus, 263, 328. '
Damania, team record of, 7.
Dame Trot, 235.
Dame Winnie, 80, 176.
Pedigree of, 254, 256.
Dame Wood, 123, 309.
Damsel, Miller's, 118, 136, 143.
Danforth, A. G^ 328.
Daniel Lambert, loo-ioi, 104.
Daniel Webster, 265.
Dan Patch, 14, 320, 322.
Ancestry of, 34, 121, 311.
Career of, 34-35» 3"»
Records of, 35> 311.
Dansereau, Louis, 130.
Dare Devil, 120, 178.
Dariel, loi.
Dark Night, 167.
Darley Arabian, 118, 143.
Darling, A. B., 73, 298, 327.
Dauntless, 205.
Davy Crockett, 81, 306, 316.
Day Bell, 245.
Day Dream, 199.
Daylight, 251.
Defiance, 40.
Dekasala, 268.
De la Vergne, J. C, 298.
Delano, L. G., 328.
Del Mar, 31, 177, 182.
Delmarch, 204-205.
Delmonico, 247.
Denmark, 305.
Denning Allen, 102.
Denny, R. S., 100.
Derby, American-bred hone wins
the English, 48.
Derby Princess, 197.
Deucalion, 151.
Devereux, H. K., 301-302.
Dewy & Stewart, breeding establish-
ment of, 328.
Dexter, 45, 49, 249, 333.
Ancestry of, 150, 191, 213.
Buffalo record of (2.17^), 151.
Career of, 49, 213-214.
Death of, 50.
Effect of career of, on Rysdyk's
Hambletonian, 150.
Ethan Allen and running mate
vx., 98.
George M. Patchen Jr. beaten
by, 292.
Harness record of, 8.
Lady Thorn a rival of, 116.
RoUa Golddust beaten by, 293.
Wagon record of, 7.
Dexter Prince, 249-25a
Diamond, 89.
Diana, 133.
Dickerman, W. B., 298, 327.
Dick Swiveller, 84.
Dictator, 74, 79, 80, 308, 332.
Descendants of, 132, 190, 193,
250-251, 252, See Jay.
eye-see.
History of, 190-193.
Dillard Denmark, 318-319.
344
Index
DiUird the Third, 318.
Diomed, loo^ 103, 117, r36^ I47t I7>>
J02, 210, ajo, 239, 254.
DioBe, 258.
Direct, 193, 250^ 308, 322.
Direct Hal, 250.
Directly, 193, 250, 308.
Director, 125, 192, 193, 250^ 308.
Directum, 80, 125, 193, 25a
Directum Kelly, 250-251.
Diit-ihieldi, 5-6. Sa Shields.
Dixie, 134, 182.
Doble, 81.
Doble, Budd, Dexter trained and
driven by, 49, 98, 213.
Goldsmith Maid driven by, 51-61.
Nancy Hanks driven by, 74, 190.
Dr. Leek, 198.
Dole, Charles &, 194.
Dolly, 125, 193, 208.
I>olly Dillon, 26b 198.
DoUy Mills, 264.
Dolly Smith, 258-259.
Dolly Spanker, 156, 157.
Dolly Star, 203.
Domestic, 185.
Don Derby, 197.
Don Juan, 42.
Don Quixote, 41.
DoolitUe, E. G., 276.
DoreU, Daniel, 225.
Dorsey, L. L., no, in, 286, 325.
Doubt, 268.
Douglas, E. H., quoted concerning
Tenneisee pacing hones,
316-318.
Dousman, H. L., 328.
Draco, 98, 106, 108.
Draco Prince, 156.
Dreamwold Farm, Lawson's, 330.
Drew Horse, the, 38.
Driver, 185.
Drover, 321.
Dubois, L. B., 122.
Dubois, Major O^ 130.
Dubois Brothers, breeding establiih-
ment of, 328.
Duke of Brunswick, G. M. Jewett
quoted concerning, 267.
Red Wilkes contrasted with, 268-
269.
Duke Pstchen, 268.
Dunlap, George, 1 16.
Durkee, Harrison, 191-193, 327.
Duryea, Peter, 325.
Dusenbuiy, Theodore, Seely's Amer-
ican Star given to, 212.
Dutcher, John B^ 327.
Duroc, 37, 100, 103, 117, 136, 171.
Descendants of, 202, 210, 33a
See American Star, Seely's.
Dutchman, 6^ 8, 42.
Race against Americus and Lady
Suffolk,
Eagletta, 228.
Early Bird, 195, 256.
Katitman, T. C, 297.
East Saginaw, races at, 320.
Eaton Horse, the, 39.
Echo, 308.
Echora, 308.
Eclipie (American). See American
Eclipse.
Eclipse (English), 136.
Eclipse, Lawrence's, 217-218.
Ed Annan, 205.
Eden Stock Farm, in.
Edgardo, 203, 26a
Edge Hill, Colonel Richard West's,
124, 191, 325.
Edgemark, 201.
Edsall, Seely, 152-153.
Edward, 84.
Edward Everett, 198, 204-205.
Edwards, William, 51, 71, 301.
Index
345
Edwin Forrest (bay horse), 74, Si,
120» 222, 229.
Edwin Forrest (black gelding), 4, 8.
Ed Winter, 205.
Edwin Thome, 197.
Egbert, aoo-201.
Egotist, 127, 179.
Egthome, 200.
Elaine, bought by Robert Bonner,
» 73-1 74-
Descendants of, 181, 236.
Elastic Pointer, 314.
Eldridge, 205.
Eldridge, Richard, 113.
Eleata, 250.
Election, 228, 253.
Electioneer, 31, 32, 72, 76, 80, 81,
82, 199.
Ancestry of, 173.
Beautiful Bells bred to, 244-246.
Breeding of, 234.
Characteristics of progeny, 174.
Death of, 177.
Descendants of, 127, 132, 173-
183, 222, 228, 235, 242,
246, 255, 263, 265, 331.
Prices paid for eleven colts by,
270.
Electra, 318.
Electric Bel, 245.
Electricity, 132.
Electrite, 127, 177, 179.
Electrix, 181, 242, 262.
Elina, 237.
&ise, 236.
Elision, 237.
Elista, 237.
Elite, 236-237.
Eliza, 142.
El Mahdi, 214.
Eloise Hersch, 268.
Elsie, 236.
Elsie Goody 225.
Elvira, 121, i99-2oa
Emblem, 214, 2^3.
Emelia, 253.
Emery, C F., 328.
Emma, 218, 254.
Emma Artebum, 127.
Emma Mills, 215.
Emma Offut, 207.
Enchantress, 194.
Engineer, 41, 135, 141, 229.
Engineer 2d, 41, 243.
Enquirer, 48, 177.
Envoy, 76.
Ephraim Smooth, 40.
Equinox, 218.
Equity, 6, 85.
Erdenheim, Aristides Welches, 196.
Graves of Flora Temple and
Leamington at, 48.
Ericsson, 81, 197.
Eros, 258, 263.
Estabella, 127.
Estella, 166, 252, 256.
Estill, R. C, 325.
EstiU, W. W., 325.
Ethan Allen, 47, 97, 9^-99.
George Wilkes beats, 156^ 160.
Trotters sired by, 99, 262.
Ethan Allen, Holobird's, loi.
Ethan Allen, Woodard's, loo-ioi.
Ethelberta, 263.
Ethel Down, 262.
Ethelwyn, 195, 252.
European, 227.
Eva, 246.
Evans, Robert, 92, 93.
Eventide, 80^ 122.
Everett House, New York, a note-
worthy meeting at, 286-
287.
Eureka, Coleman's, 305.
Exall, Henry, 329.
Exchequer, 254, 255-256.
346
Index
Expectation, 3I1 33.
Expedition, 177, 242, 262.
Cmreer of, 181.
Extisy, 195.
Exton Eclipse, 203.
Eyelet, 308.
Fairbairn, R. A^ 327.
Fairlawn Stud Farm, W. T. \ritben>,
loi, 188, 325.
Aberdeen at, 188.
Happy Medium at, i89-i9a
Fair Oaks estate, 267.
Fan, 222.
Fancy, 216, 309.
Fannella, 179.
Fannie, 33.
Fanny, 133, 204.
Fanny Cook, loa
Fanny EUsler, 321.
Fanny Fern, 318.
Fanny G^ 252, 254.
Fanny Wilcox, 201.
Fanny Witherspoon, 124, 197-198.
Fantasy, 126, 178.
Farrington Horse, the, 105.
Fashion, 265.
Fashion Course, Dexter at, 49.
Fashion Stud Farm, H. N. Smith's,
103, 104,116,134,327.
Disbandment of, 204.
Jay Gould (stallion) at, 202-203.
Rosebud at, 261.
Faugh-a-Ballagh, 48.
Favorite, 154.
Favorite Wilkes, 154-155.
Fawcett, A. F., Dexter owned by,
213.
Fayette Denmark, 318.
Fearing, William H., 203, 327.
Feamaught, 106-108, 156.
Feamaught Jr., 107.
Felter, Harry, 156, 157.
Fidol, 201.
Field's Royal George, 227.
Figurante, 135.
Figure (Justin Morgan), 89.
Figure Mare, the, 137.
Fillmore, 7.
Finegan, P. A., 197.
First Consul, 216.
Fisette, Pierre, 13a
Flatbush Maid, 297.
Flaxy, 31.
Fleetwing, 247.
Fleety Golddust, ill.
Flirt, 76.
Hora, 67, 68, 185, 223.
Flora Belle, 319.
Flora Gardiner, 214.
Flora Temple, 45, 140^ 141, 213.
Ancestry of, 46, 131.
Career of, as trotter, 46^47.
Death of, 48.
Harness records of, 8.
Offspring of, 48.
FlorizeU 136, 142.
Floyd Brothers, breeders, 329.
Fly, dam of Lou Milton, 28, 3a
Flying Childers, 135.
Flying Qoud, Jackson's, 203.
Flying Qoud, Ward's, 102.
Flying Morgan, 170.
Fogg, G. M., 328.
Forbes, J. Malcolm, 5-6, 18, 74, 75.
Death of, 332.
Price paid for Arion by, 270,
Letter of, on successful breeding,
330-332.
On wind-shields, 82-83.
Vice-president of Gentlemen's
Driving Qub of Boston,
302.
Forbes, M. S., 288.
Forbes Farm, 75, 33a
Ford, J. Howard, 327.
Index
347
Foreigner, 177.
Forest Pferk, Dr. L. Kerr's, 325.
Forkhurst Farm, C. H. Kernor's, 330.
Fort, G. W., Prince Alert bred by,
3"-
Foster, Charles J., quoted, 42-44.
Foster St. Lawrence, 232.
Fourth of July, 144.
Fox, 135.
France, W. C, 325.
Frank, trotting record of, 6.
Frank Agan, 310, 323.
Frank Forrester, 144.
Fred Crocker, 81, 175.
Fred Folger, 214.
Fred Kohl, 127, 168.
Frolicksome Fanny, 254.
Gage, Dayid A., 189, 288.
Gail Hamilton, 170.
Galatea, 107, 251.
Galloway, R. F., 189, 326.
Galway, James, 67.
Gambetta Wilkes, 158.
Pacers and trotters sired by, 169,
308.
Gano, 116, 117, 118, 136.
Garmendia, C M., 329.
Garnett, W., ill.
Gazelle, 151, 201, 223.
Gazette, 166.
Gean Smith, 205.
Geers, E. F., The Abbot trained by,
77.
Three abreast driven by, 85.
General Benton, 72, 176, 177, 236,
255-
General Butler, 49, 156, 213.
General Knox, ancestry of, 102-103.
Descendants of, 259, 261.
Grave of, 104.
Lady Thorn bred to, 117.
Trotters sired by, 103-104.
General Taylor, 4, 39.
General Washington, 103, 117, 261.
Geneva, 214.
Gentlemen's Driving Clubs, 301-302.
George B. Daniels, 230.
George Cooley, 217.
George M. Patchen, ancestry of, 39,
ii8, 255.
Career of, 218.
Descendants of, 196, 218, 221,
247, 260.
Ethan Allen beats, 98.
Flora Temple vs,, 47.
Saddle record of, 6.
George M. Patchen Jr., 49, 218-
219.
George Palmer, 107.
George Wilkes, 32, 332.
Ancestry of, 156, 158.
Descendants of, 31, 34, 80, 81,
126-127, 158' 2^9 252*
Foals by, 157-158.
History of, 156-163.
Pacers sired by, 158, 307-308.
Stallions by, 158, 16^170.
Gertrude Russell, 255.
Gideon, 207.
Gifford Morgan, 37, 109-1 10.
Gipsey, 135.
Gladiator, 225.
Glencoe, 76, 107, 177, 182, 251, 254,
318.
Glenn, Armstrong, Sweepstakes
raised by, 313.
Glenview Stock Farm, J. C. McFer-
nm's, 199, 325.
Globe, 7, 85, 221.
Glory, 188.
Gloster, 185.
Gocher, W. H., 288.
"Tales of the Turf" by, quoted,
293-295-
Godfrey Patchen, 218.
348
Index
Godolphin Anbuui, 89^ iiS; 1359
" Godolphin of America," Sir Archy
ctOed, 143.
Golddnst tribe, the, iio-iix
GoldLea(7.
Goldsmith, Alden, 184-18$, 191, 286^
Goldsmith Maid, 45t 66, 155, 154,
361.
Career of, 51.
Dexter beats, 49, 213.
General Washington bred to^ 103.
Harness records of^ 8.
Race against Smuggler, 51-62.
Goliah, 38, 120.
Goodhall, D., 286.
Gooding, T. W., 230.
Gooding, W., 23a
Gooding's dampion, 2301
Goodwin Watson (Strathmore), 196.
Gordon, W. J., 84.
Gorton, F. S., 328.
Goss, Darid, 93.
Goss, Joel, 93.
Goss, John, 93.
Gonld, Jay, Jndge Brigham Qay
Gould) bought by, 202.
GoTemor nendree, 208.
Grand Bashaw, importation of, 216.
Grand Circuit, origins of, 292-293.
Grandmother, 201, 223.
Grant, Hugh J., 297-298, 327.
Grant, James, president of National
Trotting Association, 288.
Grant, U. S., rides behind Dexter,
50.
St Julien risited by, 67-68.
Grattan, 102.
Gray, J. W., 276.
Gray, Lugerean, 129.
Gray Eagle, 72, 142, 165, 228, 318.
Gray Eddy, 227.
Grayligfat, 261.
Gray Roae, 140^ 199.
Gray Trouble, 44, 140.
GrMt Eastern, 6^ 63, 65.
Great Spirit, 265.
Green, *" Charley," Lucille Golddnst
driyen by, 53-61.
Green, John E., 324.
Green, Joseph A., 208.
Greenlander, 257.
Green Mountain Maid, 32, 173.
Ancestry of, 140^ 223, 233-234.
Descendants of, 181, 234-239.
Foals of, sired by Messenger
Duroc, 235-238.
History o^ 233-238.
Monument over grave of, 238.
Green Mountain Morgan, 109-1 iol
Gretchen, 207.
Grinnell, William R., 229-2301
Griniiell*s Champion. Set Cham-
pion.
Griswold, A. W., 196,
GroTcr, C E., president Qereiaiid
Driving Qub» 301.
Guinette, 207, 308.
Gurgle, 319.
Gussie Wilkes, 8a
Guy, 84, iio»i25,2i4.
Guy Miller, 247.
Guy Wilkes, 121, 168, 214.
Haggin, J. R, 327.
Hal Braden, 314.
Hal Chaffin, 314.
Halcom, Peter's, 305.
Hal Dillard, 314.
Hale, Silas, 109.
Hall, Albert C, 12-13, 329.
Hall, Frank G., 302.
Hall, George B., 286.
Hall, George C, 202, 288.
Hal Pointer, 313, 314, 322.
Index
349
Hambletonian, Bishop's, 36, 102, 103.
Ancestry of, 137.
Death of, 139.
Descendants of, 138, 145, 227.
Hambletonian, Harris's, 31, 37, 139-
141.
Descendants of, 140, 196, 227.
Hambletonian, Jadson's, 141.
Hambietonian, Rysdyk's, 25, 30, 32,
39,48,49,79,80,101,103,
123,
Ancestry of, 100^ 125, 138, 145,
208, 222.
Descendants of, 152-172, 184,
186, 191, 194, 196, 198-
»7» 234, 235, 247, 259,
264, 309-
Description of, 146.
Foals by, 148-149.
Green Mountain Maid bred to,
234.
History oi, 145-15 1.
Monument at grave of, 153.
Pictures of, 149- 15a
Trotters sired by, 151.
Hambletonian, Wood's, 154.
Hambletonian Bashaw, 208.
Hambletonian-Mambrino Chief de-
scendants, 125-126.
Hambrino, 204, 253.
Hamlin, C. J., 73, 76, 286^ 288, 297,
«98»327-
Champions in double harness
owned by, 85.
George M. Patchen a foundation
horse for, 221.
George Wilkes underrated by,
162-163.
Offer of, for Dictator, 192.
Quoted on progression in horses,
221-222.
Hamlin Pktchen, 76, 221, 222.
Hammond, D. S., 327.
Hampden P^rk, SpringSeld, built,
292.
Handspring, 76.
Hanna, H. M., 301.
Hannah D., 109.
Hannah Price, 214, 259.
Hannis, 128, 197.
Happy Medium, 26, 27, 74, 79, 141,
History of, i89-i9a
Hare, M. L., 328.
Harker, Joseph, 69.
Harkness, L. V., 326.
Harold, 70, 132, 195-196, 200, 242,
252, 256, 259, 262.
History of, 194-196.
Maud S. sired by, 242.
Miss Russell bred to, 194-195.
Harriet Clay, 127.
Harrietta, 127-128, 167, 224, 252.
Harriman, Edward H., 123, 326.
John R. Gentry owned by, 31a
Stamboul bought by, 248.
Harris, Russell, 139.
Harris, S. T., quoted, 107.
Harry Bassett, 48.
Harry Qay (45), 67, 173, 185, 198,
201, 217, 263, 264.
Harry Qay, son of Neaves's Cassius
M. Clay, 217, 222-223, 233.
Harry Qay, son of Strader's Casiius
M. Qay, 218.
Harry Mitchell, 232.
Harry Wilkes, 158.
Hartford, 195, 320.
Hartford, races at, 66, 68, 70, 185.
Harvey Mare, the, 104.
Hattie Hogan, 223.
Hattie Wood, 201, 223.
Hattie Woodward, 187.
Havemeyer, H. O., 128, 264, 327.
Hawkins, James, 93.
Hawkins, Jonathan, 190^ 213, 249.
350
Index
Hawthorne, 205.
Hayes, Samuel, 75.
Hayes, Walter I., 328.
Head'em, 218, 255.
Heath, James, 105.
Hector, 37, 42, 98, 153-154-
Hedgeford, 305, 318.
Heinsohn, D., 129, 130.
Heir at Law, 6, 120, 137.
Helen Grace, 264.
Helen T., 263.
Hendrickson, W. C, 337.
Henry, 136, 210.
Henry, H. S., 329.
Henry day, 38, 157, 216, 3l8.
Henry Hal, 312.
Hercules, 176.
Hero, 140.
Herod, 136^ 142, 143.
Heroine, 186.
Hero of Thomdale, 186.
Herr, Dr. L., 116, 11 8-1 19, 324.
Heustis, David, 102.
Hi, 222.
Hiatoga, 38.
Hiatoga family, the, 231-232.
Hickok, Orrin A., 67, 68.
St. Jttlien trained and driven by,
185.
Santa Qaus campaigned by, 197-
198.
Highland Chief, 197.
Highlander, 318.
Highland Maid, 8, 47.
Hill, David, 97.
Hills Black Hawk. See Vermont
Black Hawk.
Hinda Rose, 175, 176, 244.
Hippenheimer, 259.
Hobart, W. S., 254, 327.
Hofiman, C F., Jr., 299.
Hoffman, W. M. V., 298.
Hogarth, 223.
Hoke, Andrew, no.
Hoke Mare, the, 112.
Holcomb, J. W., 98.
Holt, Ln B., 329.
Home Farm, H. S. RnsscU's, 107.
Honest Allen, 101-102.
Honest Anse, Flora Temple bcati^
47-
Honest George, 85.
Honey H., 256.
Hooton, 227.
Hopeful, 65, 218.
Hopples, the use of, 315.
Horace Jones, 160.
Horse shows, 290-291.
Horton Clay, 264.
Hotspur, 99.
Housman, A. A., 327.
Houston, J. B., 299.
Howard, R. L., 327.
Howe, George W., 292.
Hoyt, E., 152.
Hudson River Stock Farm, Jacob
Ruppert's, 170.
Huldah, 168.
Hunting Park Association, Phila-
delphia, 285.
Huntley & Qark, breeders, 328.
Huntress, 185, 214.
Hurly Burly, 203, 26a
Hurrah, 177.
Hyacinth, 251.
Idol, aoi, 223.
Idolf, 201.
Idolita, 246.
Ijams, W. P., 20, 328.
President of American Trotting
Association, 289.
Illinois, stud farms in, 328.
Illinois Medoc, 219.
Imogene, 214, 259.
Impeachment, 262.
Index
351
Imperial Hal, 313.
Impetuous, 195, 25
Inbreeding considered, 125-127.
Inches, George B., 330.
Independence, 84, 103-104.
Independence, la., kite track, 5, 322.
Races at, 74, 79.
Indiana stud farms in, 328.
Indianapolis, 134.
Indian Chief, 104, 305.
Indian Hill Stock Farm, R. S.
Veech's, 257, 325.
Indicator, ill.
Inheritor, 203.
Instant, 206.
Iowa, breeding establishments in,
328.
Iran AHo, 182, 236, 255.
Iron Duke, Golddust beats, in.
Irma G., 257.
Iron's Cadmus, 62, 63, 99, 234, 261,
306.
Iroquois^ 48.
Irwin, D. 6., 234.
Ithuriel, 164.
Ives, Brayton, breeding farm of, 327.
Ixia, 203-204.
Jack Rossiter, 42.
James K. Polk, 42.
James I^, 250.
James, Simon, 329.
Jamie, 268.
Janvier, W. R., 327.
Jay Bird, 80, 158, 168, 256.
Jay-eye-see, 5, 11, 308-309.
Ancestry of, 132, 192, 250.
Career of, 70.
Records by, 9.
Jay Gould, 151, 202-204, 214.
Foals sired by, 203, 260, 261, 262.
Onward beaten by, 166.
J. C. Simpson, 265, 266.
Jeanne d*Arc, 130.
Jennie Cameron, 89.
Jennie Johnson, 127.
Jennison, A., 105.
Jennison Horse, the, 105.
Jenny, 228.
Jerome Eddy, 192, 201.
Jersey Highlander, 227.
'Jessie Pepper, 126.
Jewel, 308.
Jewett, George M., 328.
Quoted concerning the Duke of
Brunswick line, 267-268.
Jewett, Henry C, 298, 327.
Jewett, Hugh J., 267.
Jewett Farm, Jerome Eddy at, 192.
Joe Bunker, 214.
Joe Elliot, 205.
Joe Patchen, 34, I2i, 310-31 1, 320,
321.
Joe West, 310.
Joe Young, 310.
John A. McKerron, 168, 250.
John Goldsmith, 26.
John Morgan, Flora Temple beats,
47-
John Nelson, 255.
John R. Gentry, 123, 164, 309-310,
320, 321, 322, 323.
John S. Gark, 232.
Johnson, J. M., 329.
Johnson, Peter, Bodine driven by,
53-61.
John Stewart, 4.
Johnston, 320, 322.
Johnston, P. P., president National
Trotting Association, 18,
20, 220, 288, 325.
John Waxy, 316.
Jones, Frank, 329.
Jones, Morris J., 76.
Jones, William, 40.
Josephine Young, 310.
352
Index
Joiephtts, J08.
Joilyii Hone, the, 19.
Jaanita, 256.
Jubilee de Janiette, 104.
Jubilee Lambeiti 104.
Judex, 256.
Judge, The, 264.
Judge Brigham (Jay Gould), 203.
Judge Fullerton, 53-61, 65, 204.
Judge Keeler, 127, 259.
Julia Aldrich, 7.
Julia Johnson, 312.
Juliet, 128.
Jupe, 164.
Jupiter, 38.
Justina, 7, 84, 85, 221.
Justin Morgan, 31, 32*
Descendants of, 96-1 1 2, 203, 207.
Description of, 90-92.
Effect of Rysdyk's Hambletonian
on, 151.
History of, 88-94.
Pacing horses daim blood of,
304,3*3.
Pedigree of, 89.
Stud career of, 93.
Ka, daughter of Rossignol, 262.
Kalamazoo, races at, 47.
Kamala, 262.
Kansas, breeding establishments in,
328.
Kansas Chief, 65.
Kansas City, horse shows at, 29a
Kate, 197, 207.
Kate Allen, 316.
Kate Crockett, 227.
Kate McCall, 225.
Katharine A., 188.
Kathleen, 195, 252.
Katie Middleton, 119.
Katy Darling, 147, 152-153.
Kearsarge, 251.
Keene, James IL, Sam Pnrdy
bought by, 219.
Kennedy, C. W., 131.
Kenton, 32a
Kentucky, breeding establishments
!«• 325-326.
Pacing horses in, 304.
Kentucky Clay, 31, 32.
Kentucky Futurity Stake, 179, 257.
Kentucky Hunter, 26^ 46.
Kentucky Prince, iio^ 124,249,251.
Descendants of, 125, 266^
Kentucky Queen, 110.
Kentucky Trotting Horse Associa-
tion, the, 324.
Kentucky Union, 188.
Kentucky Whip, 76.
Kentucky Wilkes, 97, 158.
Description of, 165.
Keokuk, 243.
Kemer, Charles H., 297, 299, 33a
Ketcham, George H., 78, 328.
King, The, 158, 169.
King Darlington, 261.
King Rene, 123-124.
King Tom, 254.
King Wilkes, 243, 262.
Kiosk, 237.
Kip, Lawrence, 298, 299.
Kirkman, V. L., 328.
Kiswick, 203.
Kit, 313.
Kite tracks, advent of, 11.
Passing of, 5, 79.
Kittson, N. W., 48, 328.
Kitty Bayard, 131.
Kitty Patchen, 121, 31a
Kitty Temple, 48.
Klatawah, 197.
Knapp, Shepherd F., 276^ 297.
Knight, W. H., 18, 289.
Knox, J. W., Manette bred by, 263.
Kosciusko, 122, 143.
Index
353
Kremlin, 8o» 122-123, 126, 195, 242,
251, 262.
Career of, 195.
Stallion record of, 24S.
Krishna, 262.
Ladew, £. R., 327.
Lady Abdallah, 155.
Lady Amanda, 176.
Lady Banker, 151.
Lady Bunker, 121, 167, 168.
Lady Byron, 226.
Lady de Jamette, 104.
Lady Dexter, 249.
Lady Dake, 48.
Lady Dann, 168, 214.
Lady Frank, 80, 168.
Lady Fulton, 144.
Lady Griswold, 170.
Lady Hamilton, 227.
Lady Horton, 264.
Lady Hunter, 65.
Lady Kin, 262.
Lady Lockwood, 217.
Lady Mackay, 247.
Lady Maud, 103.
Lady Merritt, 198.
Lady Moscow, 42, 44, 10&-109.
Lady Nutwood, 242.
Lady of the Manor, 178.
Lady Palmer, 297.
Lady Patriot, 184, 186.
Lady Pilot, 243.
Lady Russell, descendants of, 181,
242, 262.
Exhibition of, at St. Louis Fair,
i8a-i8i.
Electioneer bred to, i8i.
Lady Sanford, 202, 214.
Lady Sears, 214.
Lady Shannon, 14a
Lady Smathers, 108.
Lady Stout, 119, 264-265.
Lady Suffolk, 4, 8, 9, 37, 243.
First appearance of, 41.
Racing career of, 41-44.
Skin of, as an advertisement,
44-45-
Lady Surrey, 216.
Lady Sutton, 4, 108-109.
Lady Thorn, 32, 45, 116, 156, 261.
Career of, 11 6-1 17.
Dexter beats, 49, 213.
General Knox bred to, 103.
George Wilkes beats, 159.
Lady Thorn Jr., 197.
Lady Vernon, 47.
Lady Victory, 42.
Lady Waltemire, 196.
Lady Whitman, 212-213.
Lance, 136, 254, 265.
Lancelot, 237.
Lancess, 254.
Lancet, 97.
Lang, Gerhardt, 327.
Lang, T. L., 103.
Langmaid, William, 93.
Larabee, C X., 328.
Lark, 257-258.
Lasell, C W., 330.
Lauman, George, 288.
Laurin, Cyrille, 329.
Lawrence, Leonard W., 41.
Lawson, Thomas W., 330.
Lea, 26.
League of the American Driving
aub8,302.
Leamington, 48.
Leland, 214.
Lena N., 198.
Lena Pepper, 126.
Leola, 258.
Lesa Wilkes, 168, 214, 259-26a
Lever, 195, 256.
Levity, 195, 256.
Lewis & Albough, breeders, 328.
2A
354
Index
Lewis Brothers, breederSp 325.
Lewis Hulse Mare, the, 184.
Lew Sayers, 217.
Lew Scott, 231.
Lexington, 48, 72, 107, 176, 195,
222, 251, 256, 257, 305.
Ancestry of, 143, 147.
Electioneer's claim to, as ances-
tor, refuted, 173.
Lexington, Ky., races at, 29, 34-35»
70, 81, 195.
Liberty, 103.
Liberty Bell, 245, 251.
Lieutenant Bassinger, 244.
Light-harness horses, development
of, 9-10.
Lightning, 206.
Lilburn, Adam, 204.
Linsley, D. C, quoted, 90-92, 109.
Little Albert, 102.
Little Boy, 320.
Little Brown Jug, 312, 313, 320,
322.
Little Ida, 81.
Little John, 142.
Little Miss, 195, 252.
Liz Mardis, 254, 256.
Lizzie, 312.
Lizzie Walker, 206.
Lizzie Whips, 177.
Lobasco, 102.
Lock Goss Horse, the, 106.
Lockheart, 241, 251.
Lo Crine, 268.
Locustwood Farm, W. L. Brown's,
330.
London, 119.
Long-distance performances, 4.
Ix»ngfellow, 48.
Long Island Black Hawk, 208.
Longstreet, D. F., 288.
Lord Qinton, 102.
Lord Derby, 120, 222.
Lord Russell, 80, 195, 242.
Ijorillard Mare, the, 203.
Lottie Loraine, 308.
Lou, 79.
Lou Dillon, 4, 14, 82-83.
Ancestry of, 26-27, ^ 3°^ 1S6,
190, 198.
Career of, 27-29.
Price paid for, 27.
Protest against 2X>5 record of,
18.
Records by, 4f 7> 9f 12-13, 29-3a
Louis Napoleon, 201, 223.
Louisville, horse shows at, 29a
Races at, 47.
Lou Milton, 26, 28, 19a
Love, Joel, 153.
Love's Pilot, 318.
Lowland Mary, 213.
Lucia, 203, 260.
Lucile, 256.
Lucille Golddust, 52-61.
Oflbpringof, 1 11- 112.
Ludlle's Baby, 112.
Lucy, 157, 203, 218, 260, 319, 3aa
Lucy R., 247.
Lula, 52-61, 227.
Lula Wilkes, 227-228.
Lynne Bel, 178.
Lyon Mare, the, 171.
Mabel, 32, 78, 26a
Mabel L., 259.
Mac, race against Lady Suffolk, 44.
McCarty, John, 327.
Joe Patchen owned by, 310.
McDonald, William, 47.
McDowell, " Andy," 75.
McDowell, Major Henry C, 281,
324.
Dictator bought by, 192-193.
Mace, "Dan," driver and trainer,
53-6^9«» 100,117. 134-
Index
355
McFerran, James C, 199, 281, 324.
McGibbon, T. J., 325.
McHenry, M. H., Dan Patch driven
by, 3» >•
Mackay, John W., 81.
McKinney, 167, 252, 320.
McKinstry Mare» the, 249.
McLanghlin, H. £., quoted, 23-24.
McLaughlin, "Sam,'' trainer, 159.
McNitt, James, 227.
Madam Temple, 46, 131.
Madden, John E., 325.
Madeleine, 151, 214.
Madison Square Garden, horse shows
at, 290.
Mag Addison, 221.
Mag Ferguson, 124.
Maggie Gaines, 222.
Magic Flute, 203.
Magna Charta, 109.
Magnolia, 102.
Magnum Bonnm, 141.
Mahogany, 203.
Maid, 258.
Maid of Ashland (Lady Thorn), 116.
Maiden, 228.
Maid of Fair Oaks, 268.
Maid Thorn, 200.
Maine, breeding farms in, 329.
Majolica, 206b
Major Delmar, 14, 30-32, 82, 182.
Records by, 7, 29.
Major Edsall, 32, 78.
Major Ross, 265-266.
Major Winfield (Edward Everett),
204.
Mali, Henry W. T., president of
National Association of
Trotting Horse Breeders,
275.
Malice, 257.
Malmaison, 257.
Mambrina, 142.
Mambrino (English, sire of imported
Messenger), 100, 120.
Pedigree of, 135, 141-142.
Mambrino (son of imported Messen-
ger), 117, 143.
Descendants of, 37-38, 143-145,
171, 217, 222, 229.
Mambrino, Williams's, 197.
Mambrino Boy, 79, 80, 1 19-120.
Mambrino Chief, 32, 38, 39, 78, 79,
80, 116, 1 1 7-1 18, 120,
124-125, 127, 128, 155,
164, 168, 193, 197, 198,
243, 247, 258, 259, 260,
263,308.
Ancestry of, 113, 125.
Description of, 114- 115.
Lady Thorn sired by, 116, 117.
Mambrino Chief Jr., 258.
Mambrino Dudley, 122.
Mambrino Gift, 63, 128, 133.
Mambrino Howard, 32, 78, 260.
Mambrino Kate, 119.
Mambrino King, 76, 120^ 127, 222.
Mambrino Maid, 206-207.
Mambrino Patchen, 31, 32, 80, 118,
119, 121, 168.
Descendants of, 121, 127, 166,
200, 222, 252, 264, 31a
Trotters sired by, 1 19-120.
Mambrino Paymaster, 38, 113, 116,
Mambrino Pilot, 128.
Mambrino Russell, 242.
Mambrino Star, 80, 168.
Mambrino Startle, 206-207.
Mamie, 225.
Mamie C, 176.
Manager, 241.
Manaloa, 263.
Manetta, 257.
Manette, 82, 176^ 263.
Manfred, 257.
356
Index
Manice, E. A., 24$.
Manifield, 336.
Blaplehnnt Fann, John E. Thayer's,
i64,i70^330.
Marguerite, 261.
Marguerite A., 261.
Margrave, 183, 204, 252, 255, 254.
Maria Roasell, 133, 239.
Marion, 107.
Mariposa Stock Farm, 76.
Marks, Miss A. A., 329.
Mark Time, 1 19, 264.
Marshland Stud, Benjamin F.
Tracy's, 165.
Martense Maid, 203.
Martha WQkes, 167, 252.
Marvin, Charles, trainer and driver,
53-61, 63, 72, 82, 174.
Mary A., 261.
Mary Mambrino, 121, 20a
Mary P. Leyburn, 181, 262.
Mascot, 322.
Masetto, 224, 264.
Massachusetts, breeding farms in, 75,
107, 123, 3»9-330-
Introduction of horses into, 2.
Matchem, 143.
Blates, trotting with running, 6^ 98.
Mat tie, 151.
Mattie Graham, 195.
Mattie Hunter, 317, 319, 32a
Maud, 154.
Maud S., 5, II, 18, 19, 20, 21, 133,
250.
Ancestry of, 70, 72, 1 12, 194, 242.
Career of, 69-72.
Death of, 72.
Double-harness work by, 85.
Records by, 5, 9.
St. Julien and, 68.
Maud v., team record of, 7.
Maury, Charles H., 329.
Maxey Cobb, 79, 84, 190.
Mayberry, C C, 330,
May Bird, 158.
May Day, 39.
Mayflower, 81.
May King, 182, 228.
Maynard, J. E^ 98.
May Queen, 182, 228.
Meddler, 75.
Medoc, 128, 134, 136U
Mclinche, 81, 173.
Memphis, races at, 27, 28, 3(\ 35, 85.
Mendocino, 246.
Mercedes, 127.
Merriam, W. R., 328.
Merrivale, 264.
Merry Clay, 263-264.
Messenger, 32, 36^ 41, 86-87, >03>
ii3» "7-
Career of, 135-136.
DescendanU of, 36-37, 136-14 1,
171,189,203,216^217,229.
History of, 135-136.
Pedigree of, 135.
Value of thoroughbred founda-
tion shown by, 273.
Messenger Duroc, 171, 200, 202.
History of, 171- 172.
Progeny of, by Green Mountain
Maid, 235-238.
Messenger-Hambletonian combina-
tion, 141.
Messner, D. A., Dan Patch bred by,
311.
Metropolitan, 251.
Michigan, breeding establishmenta
in, 328.
Middletown, Green Mountain Maid
bred to, 234.
Midnight, 132:
Miller, Guy, 276, 326.
Miller, James, 153.
Miller & Sibley, breeders, 329.
Miller's Damsel, 118, 136^ 143.
Index
357
Mills, Harrison, 326.
Mills, J. M., 326.
Mihon Medium, 26-27, 19a
Minerva, 134.
Minna, 97, 165.
Minnehaha, 81, 243, 246-247.
Minnesota, breeding establishments
in, 328.
Miranda, 235-236, 239.
Miriam, 107.
Miss Copeland, 31.
Miss Emma, 178.
Miss Fearing, 204.
Miss Russell, 70, 112, 262.
Breeding of, to Harold, 1 94-1 95*
Career of, 132-133.
Death of, 243.
Exclusiyeness of, 132.
History of, 239-243.
Pedigree of, 132-133.
Miss Shepherd, 239.
Miss Whitney, 64, 201.
Mitchell, John L., 328.
Moccasin, 203.
Moccasin Mare, the, 203.
Mocking Bird, 12a
Modesty, 37.
Mohawk Chief, 258.
Mokhladi, 229.
Molly Morris, 65.
Monarch, 265.
"Monarch of the Home-stretch,"
Robert McGregor called,
78.
Monbels, 246.
Monk, The, 6, 85, 12a
Monmouth Eclipse, 136.
Montana, stock farms in, 263, 328.
Monte Carlo, 246.
Monterey, 198.
Montgomery, 203.
Moor, The, 177, 243-244.
Moore, A. H., 329.
Moore, T. E., 325.
Moquette, 17a
Morgan, John M., 63.
Morgan, Joseph B., Grand Bashaw
imported by, 216.
Morgan, Justin, owner of Justin
Morgan, 88, 93.
Morgan, Barnard's, 1 10.
Morgan Chester, 37.
Morgan Eagle, 4, 38, 108, 109, iia
Morgan Eagle, Henderson's, 109.
Morgan Tally Ho, loi.
Morgan tribe, the, 37, 86-88, 94-95.
Morrill, 38. See Old MorrilL
Morrill, French, 106.
Morris, A. Newbold, 299.
Morris, Lewis G., 143.
Morrow, R. S., 67.
Morse, Calvin, 227.
Morse, M. M., 288.
Morse Horse, the, 38, 227-229.
Moscow, 4, 44.
Moulton, G. S., 276.
Mountain Boy, 204.
Mountain Maid, 106.
Much Better, 197.
Muley, 253.
Munson, Isaac, 139.
Muscovite, 251.
Myron Perry, 157.
Myrtha Whips, 178.
Mystery, 127, 259.
Mystic, 127.
Myrtic Park, races at, 51.
Naiad Queen, 23a
Nancy Awful, 65.
Nancy Hanks, 9, 11, 154, 33a
Career of, 74.
Pedigree of, 74, 190^ 251.
Nancy Lee, 74, 190.
Nancy Pope, 129.
Nancy Taylor, 129.
358
Index
Nancy Whitman^ 33, 78, 314.
Napoleon, 38, 65, 185.
Narka, 112.
Narragantett pacen, 2» 303.
NaabTille, racet at, 80.
National AiKxnation of Trotting
Hone Breeders, fonnation
of, 275.
Officers of, 276.
Passing of, 284.
Rules of, 276-28a
Sally Rttssell's pedigree decided
by, 239-241.
National Horse Show Association,
the, 29a
National Trotting Association, for-
mation of, 286-287.
Officers of, 288-289.
Natural Barb Mare, 135.
Naugatttck, 39.
Nellie Horton, 264.
Nellie Sayre, 223.
Nelson, 79, 207-208.
Nelson, C. H., 207, 329.
Nerea, 255.
Nets Medium, 84.
Netherland, 312.
Nettie, 151.
Nettie Burlew, 230.
Nettie Qay, 243.
Nettie King, 76, 221, 222.
Nettie Murphy, 76, 222.
Newburgh, 212.
Newman, Scott, 325.
Newminster Stud, W. H. Fearing's,
203.
New York, breeding establishments
in, 326-327.
New York Trotting Gub, the, 285.
Nicholas, 140,
Nico, 179.
Nigger Baby, 38.
Nightingale, 4, 33, 78, 120, 260.
Nina, 254.
Nominator, 203.
Nominee, 203.
Noontide, 132, 195.
Nora WUkes, 8a
Norcross, £. L^ 106.
Norhawk, 258.
Norlaine, 181, 228, 236.
Norma, 181, 22&
Norman, 38, 181, 227, 228-229, 257.
Norris, F. D., 276.
Norris, J. D., 276.
North American, 196.
Norton, Selah, 88.
Norval, 181, 228, 236.
Nova Scotia, horses introduced into,
firom France, 2.
Nutboume, 242.
Nutspra, 7.
Nutula, 242.
Nutwood, 7, 82, 331.
Ancestry of, 123, 241.
Descendants of, 127, 1 75-1761
241,263.
Nutwood Wilkes, 168.
Oakland Baron, 170^ 247.
O'Blennis, 144.
Ohio, breeding farms in, 328.
Olcott, Frederic P., 263, 298, 299^
327-
Old Cadde, 141.
Old Morrill, 105, 106.
Old Mountain Slasher, 317.
Old Partner, 142.
Old Sorrel, 202.
Old Traveller, Thompson's, 316, 317.
Ole Bull, 39.
Oliver, Joseph, Cassius M. Qay bred
by, 217.
One Eye, 138, 145.
One Eyed Kentucky Hunter, 46.
Oneida Chief, 42.
Index
359
CyNeil, James, Jay Gould cared for
by, 204.
Onward, 125, 158, 165.
Career of, 165--166.
Descendants, x66, 181, 253, 256.
Onward Silver, 125, 166.
Pedigree of, 188-189.
Orange Girl, 151.
Orator, 195, 252.
Oro Fino, 263.
Ottley, John K., quoted on pacers
and trotters in the South,
3H-3I5-
Ouida, 126.
Overton, May, 328.
Ozanam, 25a
Facers, Alcantara's, 166-167.
Distinct type from trotters, 321.
Electioneer sires only two, 1 77.
Famous, 195, 197-198, 314-3*9.
In the South, 314-315.
Tom Hal family of, 317-319.
Pacing Abdallah, 34, 311.
Pacing records, 34-35f 3«>» 321-322.
Packer, L. D., 276.
Page, Horatio, 2i86.
Palatine, 236.
Palita, 236.
Palo Alto, ancestry, 80, 176, 182, 255.
Career of, 181-182.
Descendants, 182, 236, 245, 255.
Records by, 5, 22, 176, 207, 208.
Palo Alto Belle, 245.
Palo Alto Stock Farm, 327.
Residence at, of —
Advertiser, 228.
Beautiful Bells, 244.
Dame Winnie, 255.
Dexter Prince, 249-250.
Electioneer, 174, 235.
Lady Russell, 181.
Sontag Mohawk, 258.
Pancoast, 76, 122, 1 24, 200^ 259.
Paola, 255.
Parks, W. M., Prospero campaigned
by, 235.
ParkviUe Farm, J. H. Shults's, 103.
Parkway Farm, John McCarty's, 31a
Pasonte, 255.
Patchen, George M., Cassius M.
Clay owned by, 217.
Henry Clay bred by, 216.
Patchen Maid, 247.
Patchen Wilkes, 121, 158, 310^ 3aa
Pat Cleburne, 306.
Pate, R. C, 122.
Patriot, 184.
Patron, 121, 200, 259.
Patronage, 75, 76, 121, 200, 259.
Paul, 235.
Paul Pry, 41, 138.
Paymaster, 113, 120.
Peacemaker, 205.
Pearl, 216.
Pearl Onward, 166.
Peerless, 212, 214.
Pelham, 4, 8, 42.
Penistan, Richard, 325-326.
Pennsylvania, breeding Carma iii|
329.
Pepper, R. P., 166^ 325.
Perkins, F. E., 329.
Perkins, S. R., 106.
Perkins, Urban, 105.
Perrin, George E., 46.
Persian, 253.
Pet, 321.
Peter Swigert Mare, the, 72.
Peter the Great, 75, 134, 19a
Pfeifer, " Peg," driver, 159.
Phallas, 79, 125, 192, 250.
Pheasant, 137.
Phebon W., 259.
Philadelphia, horse shows at, 29a
Races at, 42, 47.
36o
Index
Philips, 171.
Phil Thompson, 164.
Phoebe Wilkes, 259.
Piedmont, 124, 156, 197, 244.
Pierce, Henryt 27, 328.
Pierce Brothers, 26.
Pilot (Alexander's, black horse), 38,
256, 304, 318.
Description of, 129.
History of, 1 29-131.
Pilot, Love»s, 318.
Pilot Jr., ancestry of, 38, 1 29-131.
Descendants of, 127, 128, 131-
134, 179, 195. 239, 252,
263, 318.
History of, 129, 131.
Mambrino Chief matched against,
114.
Miss Russell sired by, 239.
Trotters sired by, 131.
Pilot Medium, 134, 190.
Pilot Russell, 242.
Pilot Temple, 131.
Pixley, 203.
Planet, 80, 176, 254.
Plant, R. H., 329.
Pleasant Girl, 268.
Plow Boy, 297.
Pocahontas (by Ethan Allen, dam
Pocahontas by Iron's Cad-
mus), 99,
Pocahontas (by imported Glencoe),
254.
Pocahontas (pacer, by Iron's Cad-
mus), 63, 99, 207, 261,
306, 322.
Poem, 203.
Pointer, Captain H. P., pacers bred
by, 313-314.
Polly Barber, 196.
Ponce de Leon, 121, 2cx>, 259.
Pond, C. M., 329.
Porter, John, 100.
Portia, 206.
Post Boy, 297.
Potential, 263.
Pot-8-os, 136, 137.
Potomac, 137.
Powell Brothers, breeders, 329.
Powers, 185.
Powers, Lewis J., quoted in "Tales
of the Turf," 293-295.
Pratt, John, 135.
Prefix, 251.
Price, Dr. S., 326.
Priceless, 259.
Prime, 259.
Primrose, 126, 155, 257.
Prince, 7, 47.
Prince Alert, 14, 35, 82, 311-312,
3«>.
Prince George, 249-250.
Prince Imperial, 48.
Prince Lavalard, 261.
Prince of India, 251.
Prince of Orange, 200, 251.
Princeps, 122. 126, 155, 257, 26a
Prince Pulaski, 317.
Prince Regent, 127.
Princess, 27, 141.
Ethan Allen beats, 98.
Flora Temple vi., 47.
Hambletonian (Rysdyk's), bred
to, 189.
Princess Clara, 112, 25a
Princeton, 251.
Prince Wilkes, 164.
Prodigal, 76, 121, 200^ 259.
Progression in horses, 22I-223,
Prophet, 31.
Prophet Jr., 31.
Proscription, 262.
Prose, 203.
Prospect Hill Stock Farm, 178, 244.
Prosper©, 235.
Protein, 206.
Index
361
Pruden*8 Blue Bull, 225.
Pugh AratuSy 207.
Pass Prall, 119, 264.
Descendants of, 265.
Quadrilateral Trotting G>mbination,
formation of, 292.
Quartermaster, 167.
Queen Dido, 164.
Queen Mary, 133.
Queen's Daughter, The, 48.
Quimby, T. L., secretary of Gentle-
men's Driving Club of
Boston, 502.
Quimby Messenger, 38.
Races, famous : —
American Eclipse vs. Henry, 136.
Bertrand vs, Aratus and Creep-
ing Kate, at Charleston
(1826), 142.
Columbian Exposition Stake,
102.
Dutchman-Americus-Lady Suf-
folk, 42-44.
Fearnaught's, at Buffalo (1868),
107.
George Wilkes vs, Ethan Allen,
160.
Goldsmith Maid vs. Smuggler at
Qeveland (1876), 51-62.
Kentucky Futurity Stake, 179,
257.
Stallion, for |20,ooo (1888), 248.
Rachel, 265.
Ralph Wilkes, 126, 164, 268.
Rarus, 8, 65-67.
Rataplan, 254.
Rattler, 3, 42.
Rattler, Biggart's, 38.
Rattler, Thornton's, 133, 239.
Raymond, W. H., 328.
Reality, 112.
Records, championship, 4.
Double-harness, 7-9, 30, 71, 84-
85.
Five-year-old, 176.
Four-in-hand, 7.
Half-mile, 7.
High-wheel, 5-6.
Lady Suffolk standard, 45.
One-year-old, Norlaine's, 236,
238.
Pacing, 34-35, 320, 321-322.
Saddle, 6.
Stallion, 78-80, 190, 195, 207, 208.
Team, 6-9, 30, 71, 84-85.
Three-abreast, 7.
Three-year-old, 176, 206.
Two-year-old, 81-84, 175-176.
Wagon, 7-9, 30.
Dexter's, 214.
Volunteer's, 184.
Red Bird, 23a
Red Duke, 268.
Red Heart, 246-247.
Red Jacket, 37, 164, 165.
Ancestry of, 96-97.
Redmond, W. F., 327.
Red Wilkes, 97, 158, 164.
Comparison of, with Duke of
Brunswick, 268-269.
Descendants of, 268-269.
Re-Eiection, 181, 242, 262.
Refina, 262.
Registration of trotters, rules for,
282-284.
Regulus, 135.
Reina, 102, 127, 259.
Reina Victoria, 251.
Reindeer, Flora Temple beats, 47.
Relf, C P., 116^ 159, 161.
Reubenstein, 309.
Revenue, 254.
Reverie, Robert Bonner buys, 270-
271.
362
Index
Rhode IsUnd, 47, 157.
Rhode I$Und, breeding io, 329.
Rhythmic, 170.
Rke, WiUiam, 93.
Richard, 225.
Richards, A. Keene, 146-147, 239.
Richball, 319.
Rigolette, 256.
Rio Alto, 236.
Ro«d Hone Anodation of State of
New York, formation of,
298.
Road houses, old-time New York,
296.
Robbie P., 104.
Roberta A., 256.
Robert Brace, 76.
Robert Fillingham (George Wilkes),
Robert J., 195, 310^ 320, 321, 322.
Robert McGregor, 4. 32, 33, 78,
214.
Robin Grey, 257.
Robinson, A. H., 328.
Rochester, races at, 42, 68, 70, 79,
185.
Rockefeller, Frank, 328.
Rockefeller, John D., 297.
Rockefeller, William, 84, 104* 297,
299.
Rockwell, Elias Lee, 13a
Rodes, Levi S., 116.
Rodes Mare, the, 31, 1 16, 118.
Rogers, Joseph, 93.
Rolls, 37.
Rolla Golddost, iii, 292.
Roma, 112.
Roosevelt, James, 185.
Rota Lee, 14a
Rosalie Sommers, 254.
Rosalind, 112, 154.
Rosaline Wilkes, 112.
Rosamond, iii.
Rose, L, J^ 270, 327.
Breeder of —
Beaatifnl Bells, 243.
Reverie, 27a
Stamboul, 247-248.
Rosebud, 261, 262.
Rose Leaf^ team record of^ 7.
Rosemont, 244.
Rose of Washington, 98.
Rossignol, 262.
Round Top Farm, Athd at, 263.
Roving Nelly, 80.
Rowdy Boy, 319.
RoweUen, 246.
Rowena, 147.
Royal Fearnaught, 108.
Royal George, 38.
Family of, 226-227.
Rubber, 17a
Ruby, 247.
Rumor, 134.
Rundle & White, breeders, 329.
Running mates, trotting with, 6, 98.
Rnppert, Jacob, 170, 298, 326.
Rusina, 242.
Russell, Henry S., 52, 60, 62, 63, 98,
107, 286, 288, 330.
Russella, 242.
Russell's Hambletonian. See Ham-
bletonian, Russell's.
Russia, 242.
Rustique, 242.
Ryndeis, Isaiah, 286.
Aberdeen owned by, 186-188.
Rysdyk, 48.
Ryadyk, William M., 145-151.
Rysdyk's Hambletonian. See Ham-
bletonian, Rysdyk^s.
Sadie Mac, 134, 179.
St. Arnaud, 127.
St. Bel, 177, 178, 244.
St. Clair, 81-82, 175.
Index
363
St. Qoud, 213.
St Elmo, 108.
St. Julien, 8, 67-68, 185, 223.
St. Lawrence, Kinkead's, 133.
St. Lawrence tribe, the, 232.
St Louis, horse shows at, 290.
Lady Russell exhibited at, 180.
Races at, 42.
St. Remo, 68.
Saladin, 38.
Salisbury, Monroe, 327.
Sallie Durbrow, 270.
Sallie Feagles, 205.
Sally Anderson, 33, 124.
Sally B., 195, 256.
Sally Benton, 258.
Sally Miller, 4.
Sally Russell, 112, 239.
Bred to Pilot Jr., 132.
Miss Russell produced by, 132-
133.
Pedigree of, settled, 239-241.
Sally Simmons, 7.
Sally Simpson, 266.
Sally South worth, 265.
Saltus, Nicholas, compilation of 2.30
performers by, 45, 275.
Sampson, 135.
Sam Purdy, 219.
Story of death of, 219-220.
Sanborn, W. A., 328.
Sandal, 203.
Sanders, J. H., Breeders' Trotting
Stud Book edited by, 280.
Sanders, Millard F., 27.
San Mateo Stock Farm, 167-168.
Sannie G., 229.
Santa Glaus, 25, 197, 260.
Santa Rosa Farm, 26.
Sapphire, 203.
Sarah Puff, 42.
Sargeant, A. V., 327.
Sarpedon, 147.
Satinet, 171.
Sayles, F. C, 76, 329.
Sayre, Decatur, 222.
Scannell, John J., 77.
Schmulbach, Henry, 329.
Sclavonic, 243.
Scotland, 133.
Screwdriver, 3, 40, 285.
Seacord, Fred, 328.
Searcher, 102.
Seely, Edmund, owner of American
Star, 2ia
Seely, Jonas, 208.
Rysdyk's Hambletonian bred by,
145.
Seely's American Star. See Ameri-
can Star, Seely's.
Selim, 144.
Semi-Tropic, 247.
Senator L., 4.
Sentinel, 186.
Shackelford, J. T., 326.
Shanghai Mary, 233-234.
Shark, 136, 137, 191, 249, 265.
Sharpless, Gharles L., 149.
Shawmut, 186^ 223.
Shepard, Jonathan, 93.
Sherman, 158.
Sherman, George D., 327.
Sherman, James, 96.
Sherman Black Hawk, 38, 102.
Sherman Morgan, 38, 96-97, loi,
165.
Sherwood, G. W., 328.
Shields, dirt and wind, 12-13, 14-17,
22-24.
Official discussion of, 20-21.
Views of J. M. Forbes on, 82-83.
Shipman, 268.
Shults, John H., 73, 103, 199, 298;
327.
Shultshurst, 72, 73, 308.
Sibley, J. €., 73.
3^4
Index
Sidi Hunet, ia6.
Sidney, 25, 36^ 28» i86» 198.
Sidnqr Dillon, 26^ 50^ 186^ 198.
Signmly loa.
Silrertail, 145.
Silverton, 225.
Simmoni, 7, 158, 17a
Simmons, William L^, loi, 156^ 157,
I5«. 325-
Quoted concerning George
Wilkei, 159-162.
Simmons, Z. E., 98, 156^ 325.
Simonson, Charles, 229.
Simpson, William, 327.
Sinbad, 218.
Singerly, George A., 164.
Sir Archy, 78, 118, 120^ 121, 122,
142, 143, 147, 254.
Sir Archy Duroc, 202.
Sir Giarles, 103, 254.
Sir Charles, Howard's, 168.
Sir Henry, 37.
Sir Peter, 138, 285.
Sir Wallace, Todhunter's, 181, 228.
Sir Walter, 144, 188.
Sir Walter Jr., 188.
Sir WUUam, Lear's, 168.
Slander, 134.
Slasher, 318.
Sleepy George, 322.
Sleepy Tom, 319, 322.
Smathers, E. £., 29, 31.
Smith, Elizur, 330.
Smith, George H., 287, 288.
Smith, Henry N., 52, 276.
Owner of —
General Knox, 103.
Jay Gould, 202.
Lady Thorn, 1 16-1 1 7.
Rosebud, 261.
Tattler, 134.
Smith, W. &, 329.
Smuggler, 52, 63, 64, 65, 79.
Snap, 135.
Snediker, Isaac, 144.
Snow, David, loa
Snow Heels, 313.
Sonnet, 203.
Sontag, 31, 14a
Sontag Dixie, 31, 140^ 182.
Sontag Mohawk, 140^ 258b
Sontag NeUie, 140, 258.
Sophie, 74.
Soprano, 258.
Soto, 81.
Sour Croat, 117, 143.
Sovereign, 195, 252.
Speedway, agitation for a, in New
York, 297-298.
Building of, 299-300.
Sphinx, 177, 179.
Spicer, driver of Americus, 44.
Spier, William K, 30, 327.
Spirit, 229.
Splan, driver, 66.
Sprague, Amasa, 99, 286.
Sprague & Akers, breeders, 328.
Sprague Golddust, 1 1 i-i 1 2.
Spring Hill Stud Farm, 191.
%>rite, 127, 179.
Stamboul, 126^ 207, 247-248.
Stanford, Leland, 72, 233.
Advertiser owned by, 228.
Advocate of early development
of horses, 174-175.
Beautiful Bells bought by, 244.
Dame Winnie bought by, 255.
Elaine owned by, 236.
Electioneer bought by, 173, 234.
Refusal of 1 100,000 for Palo
Alto, 182.
Two-year-old champions bred
by, 81^2.
Vice-president of National Asso-
ciation of Trotting Hocse
Breeders, 276.
Index
365
Stanza, 203.
Star, 213.
Star Hal, 314.
Starling, 135.
Star Pointer, 35, 310^ 322.
Pedigree of, 313-314-
Records by, 35, 312, 322.
Startle, 206-207.
Steams, George M., letter concerning
Robert Bonner, 73.
Steel, Robert, 189, 329.
Steinway, 196-197.
Stemwinder, 193.
Stevens, George C, Belle of Wabash's
pedigree settled by, 244.
Stockbridge Chief, 98, 185.
Stockholder, 120, 143, 239.
Stockings, 318-319.
Stockwell, 254.
Stokes, W. E. D., 325.
Stone, Elijah, 225.
Stone, Samuel, 93.
Stoner, G>lonel R. G., 196^ 324, 326.
Stonewall Jackson, 49.
Stony Ford, Charles Backman's, 125,
171, 234, 249, 326.
Monument to Green Mountain
Maid at, 238.
Storm, 234.
Stout, H. I. & F. D., breeders, 328.
Strader, R. S., 217-218, 326.
Stranger, 103, 262.
Strathmore, 25, 196-198, 258.
Strideaway, 261.
Stnmp-the-Dealer, 305.
Stump-the-Dealer, Adam's, 312-313.
Stump- the-Dealer, Sugg's, 313.
Suburban Stock Farm, 30, 182.
Suffrage, 242.
Sulkies, bicycle, 5, 11-12, 74.
High-wheel, vs, bicycle, 18-22,
83.
Sultan, 81, 247.
Sultana, 247.
Sumpter, 147.
Sunol, 5, II, 175, 176.
History of, 72-73.
Price paid for, by Robert Bonner,
270.
Records by, 9, 82.
Sunshine Stud, D. B. Irwin's, 234.
Superior, 20a
Surpol, 258.
Surprise, 258.
Sutherland & Benjamin, breeders,
328.
Sutton, Lewis J., 152.
Sweepstakes, 215, 264, 313.
Sweetheart, 81, 246, 247.
Sweetness, 25, 185-186^ 198.
Sweet Owen, 127.
Swift, 237.
Sybil, 203.
Syndic, 203.
Tackey, 133.
Tacony, 47, 98.
Taffolet Barb, 135.
« Taking the Reins," Ehninger's, 5a
Talbert, A. S., 326.
" Tales of the Turf," W. H. Gocher's,
quoted, 293-295.
Tanner, Charles, 2a
Tartar, 226.
Tattler, 134, 263.
Team records, 6-9, 30^ 71, 84-85.
Telamon, 134, 263.
Telegraph, 31, 65.
Tclie, 177.
Telltale, 263.
Temple Wilkes, 165.
Tennessee, breeding farms in, 328-
329.
Foundation pacing horses of, 316-
319.
Tennessee Pointer, 314.
366
Index
Terre Haute, ncei al, 74, 75, 77, 79,
190.
Terror, 201, 233.
Texana, 177.
Texas, breeding farmf in, 329.
Thayer, John E^ 164, 170, 302, 330.
The Abbot. See Abbot.
The Judge. See Judge.
The King. See King.
The Monk. See Monk.
Thomas Jeflferson, 63.
Thompson, 262.
Thompson, J. W., 328.
Thomson, Alden W., quoted, 13S-
139.
Thorn, 264.
Thorndale, Edwin Thome's, 125,
154,326.
Thome, Edwin, 113-114, 186.
Thometta, 117.
Thornton's Rattler. See Rattler.
Three Feathers, 203.
Three-year-olds, Electioneer's, 176.
Records by, 176, 206.
Thurman, Allen G., 328.
Till, dam of Prince Alert, 311.
Tilton, W. S., 276.
Timoleon, 143, 254.
Tiny, 262.
Tippoo Saib, 36.
Tod, John, 292.
Todhunter, R. P., 324.
Toler, H. G., 309, 328.*
Tomah, 203.
Tom Crowder, 38.
Tom Hal, 304, 305, 313.
Tom Hal, Gibson's, 312-313.
Tom Hal, Kittrell's, 312.
Tom Hal, Knight's, 313.
Tom Hal family, the, 317, 318, 319.
Tom Hal Jr., 312.
Tommy Britton, 245, 251.
Tom Rolfe, 207, 319.
Tom Teemer, 257.
Tom Thumb, 208.
Topgallant, 3, 36, 40, 41, 138, 239,
285.
Topsy (Princess), 189.
Toronto Chief, 31, 226.
Toronto Sontag, 31, 140, 182, 258.
Toto, 260.
Tough, Captain W. S., 62.
Tracy, Benjamin F., 73, 97, 165,
233, 259, 276, 326.
Pedigree of Seely's American
Star according to, 212.
Tramp, iii.
Traveller, Lloyd's, 89.
Traveller, McMeen's, 313.
Traveller, Morton's imported, 89.
Traveller, Thompson's, 316-317.
Treacy, a J., 325.
Tredwell, John, Abdallah (i) owned
by, 144.
Trevillian, 169.
Trinket, 70, 126, 257, 26a
Trio, 214.
"Trotting Horse of America, The,"
Foster's, 42.
Trotting and Pacing Record, Ches-
ter's, 83, 94.
Trouble, 285.
True Briton, 88-89, 151.
Truffle, 243.
Truman, 177.
Trustee, 38, 48, 195, 218, 254, 256,
265.
Trustee Jr., 254-255.
Tuckahoe, 63.
Tuna, loi.
Turf, 135.
Turk, Bartoulet's, 230.
Turk, Duke of Newcastle's, 135.
Turnbull, William, 70^ 297.
Tuscarora, 112.
Twilight, 132, 251.
Index
367
Twombley, Ezekiel, 97.
Two-year-olds, champion, 81-S4.
Electioneer's, 175-176.
Uhlien Brothers, breeders, 328.
Unakla, 68.
Undine, 165.
Union Coarse, races at, 46-47, 285.
Unknown, 321.
Vail, Thomas J., 286, 288.
Valensin Stock Farm, 25.
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 296-297.
Post Boy and Plow Boy driven
by, 297.
Rivalry between Robert Bonner
and, 297.
Vanderbilt, William H., 69-70, 85,
187, 297.
Van Ranst, C W., 136.
Veech, R. S., 257, 281, 324.
Velie, Wellington, 46.
Venture, 193.
Venus, 26, 28» 30^ 198.
Vera Capel, 170.
Vermont, breeders in, 329.
Vermont (gray gelding), 140.
Vermont, Gill's, 308.
Vermont Black Hawk, 38, 65, 100^
207.
Description of, 97.
Vermont Hero, 102, 103.
Vermont Morgan, 1 10.
Victor, 78, 259.
Victor Bismarck, 201, 223.
Viking, 133.
Village Farm, C. J. Hamlin's, 76, 85,
221.
Chimes at, 178, 245.
Hal Pointer at, 313.
Virginia, horses in early, 2.
Stock farms in, 329.
Voltaire, 134, 197, 263.
Volunteer, 25, 67, 185-186, 198, 251,
259.
History of, 184-186.
Voyager, 130.
Wadsworth, General James, 216.
Wagner, 76.
Wallace, J. H., Belle of Wabash's
pedigree questioned by,
244.
Retirement of, from editorship
of Register, 282.
Sally Russell's pedigree ques-
tioned by, 239-241.
Wallace's Trotting Register, 240.
First issue of, 275.
Semi-official org^n of National
Association of Trotting
Horse Breeders, 277-278.
Walnut Grove Farm, 186.
Walnut Han, 258.
Wakiut HaU Farm, L. V. Harkness's,
326.
War Dance, 147.
Warder, 133.
Washington, Burr's, 38.
Washington Denmark, 318.
Waterloo, 133.
Waters, F. S., 328.
Waterwitch, 127, I33-I34t I79*
Wavelet, 133.
Waxana, 72, 176.
Waxy, 48, 72, 176, 254.
Waxy, Van Meter's, 305.
Webster, 128.
Wedgewood, 123, 197, 309.
Welbeck, 228.
Welch, Aristides, 48, 196.
Wellington, 261.
Wells, E. S., 327.
Wells, S. C, 327.
Wells SUr, 264.
Went worth, 20a
368
Index
West, Colonel Richard, 124, 165, 191,
aoo, 281, 324.
West Australian, 253.
Westmont, 319.
West Virginia, breedeis in, 329,
Whalebone, 41, 138, 285.
Whip, Blythe's, no.
Whip, Cannon's, 257.
Whips, 177, 178.
Whisker, 218, 253, 254.
Whiskey Jane, 219.
Whistle Jacket, 171.
White, Horace, 302.
White, W. H.. 328.
Whitehead, H. M., 169, 298.
White River Stock Farm, 328.
White Turk, 135.
Whittemore, Charles, 330.
Wichita, races at, 33.
Widow Machree, i86» 212, 214.
Wiggins, 188.
WUdair, 89.
WildBower, 81, 175.
Wilkes, Ralph, 17a
Wilkesberry, 34, 311.
Wilkes Boy, 121, 158, 264.
Wilkes Golddust, 112.
Will Cody, 225.
William Fourth, 244.
William L., 79, 168-169, 214.
William Penn, 198, 205.
William WaUace, 268.
William Welch, 48.
Williams, C. W., 328.
Williams,G. T., 113.
Williams, Warren, 113.
Willie WUkes, 265.
Willis, J. D., 222, 276b
Will Leybnrn, 170.
Wilson, James, 225, 328.
Wilson, W. H., 63, 157, 247, 276,
324.
Wilton, 158, 170, 253.
Wind-shields, J. M. Forbes's Tiews
on, 82-83. S^ Shields.
Winthrop Messenger, 37.
Winton, 309.
Wisconsin, breeding farms in, 328.
Wiser, J. P., 329.
Wiser, W. P., 276.
Wttherell Messenger, 38.
Withers, General W. T., loi.
Aberdeen bought by, 187-188.
Almont bought by, 124.
Cassias M. Clay owned by, 218.
Happy Medium owned by, 189-
19a
Member of Executive Committee
of National Association of
Trotting Horse Breeders*
276.
Witherspoon, Lister, 325.
Woodbine, 122, 123, 309.
Woodbum Farm, R. A. Alexander's,
123, 129, 153. 325-1
Residence at, of —
Australian, 253.
£lite, 236-237.
Miss Russell, 239.
Primrose, 257.
Woodbum Farm cup, 71.
Woodbury Morgan, 37, 96, 108,
109.
Woodford, 76, 122.
Woodford Mambrino, 80, 122-123,
126, 200, 242, 257.
Woodruff, Hiram, 42.
Dexter trained by, 213.
Quoted, 108-109.
WooUey, Charles W., 51, 288.
Work, Frank, 84, 297.
Wyoming, breeding £arms in, 329.
Yankee (of year 1806), 3.
York Boy, 8, 85.
Young America, 97.
Index
369
Young Bashaw, 37, 38, 2l6i
Young Portia, 263.
Young Bassinger, 244.
Young Rolfe, 207.
Young Bulrush, 105.
Young Daisy, 261.
Zambra,4.
Young Emelius, 253.
ZanesYlUe, Fair Oaks breeding farm
Young Engineer, 37.
at, 267.
Young Fashion, 265.
Zelica, 34, 311.
Young Flaxy, 31.
Zephyr, 318.
Young Jim, 34, 168, 169.
Zilcadi, iio-ili.
Young Morrill, 38, 106, 108.
ZilcadiGolddust, 113.
Young Patriot, 184.
Zee B., 225.
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