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UBRARYQ
Tshi Lessons for Beginners
including
A GRAMMATICAL GUIDE
and
NUMEROUS IDIOMS & PHRASES
BY
IMMANUEL BELLON
Basel Missionary.
> , _T-^?% 4
AUTHORIZED BY THE JOINT COMMITTEE.
Printed at the Basel Mission PRINTING OFFICE Akropong.
1911.
Stack
Annex
PL
8151
Bt/7-t
PREFACE.
This little book shall not he more than what its title
says, namely a Guide for Europeans who care to
study the Tshi Language. Leading beginners into the
necessary elementary knowledge of it, the series of well
arranged lessons will gradually introduce them to its
fundamental principles and at the same time make them
aqnainted with a good working Vocabulary.
Many lessons contain quotations from the Bible which,
we hope, will render special help to many a missionary.
It may be suggested that it is absolutely necessary
that everybody who is willing to master the language
should go through the lessons with the help of a native
whose duty would be. repeatedly to read the single words
and sentences, so that the ear of tiie learner might become
accustomed to the accentuation. Following this advice
he will be enabled to learn an accurate pronunciation. The
Grammatical Exercises are given under this prospect in
Tshi only. The correct translation can easily be done with
the help of a native.
All who desire to acquire a fuller knowledge of this
interesting language can get the required information by
"Christaller's Grammar of the Asante and Fante language."
Concerning the Orthography, as well as the laws of
accentuation & correct tones, I refer to the above men-
tioned book.
Introduction,
a as in can
a ,, father
e net
e were
There are 26 letters in the Tshi- Alphabet according to
'the Standard Alphabet for reducing unwritten languages etc.
to a uniform orthography' by Dr. Lepsius. London, Williams
and Norgate. Berlin W. Hertz 1865. They are not pronounced
as the letters in the English Alphabet, but the vowels are pro-
nounced by their own sound and the consonants with the addition
of a short "e" "a" or "o" respectively.
A. The 10 vowels are:
i as in will
o vote
o ,, straw
o know
e 'regard', 'reply' u cool; rule.
The vowels are either short or long, pure or nasal.
Compound vowels are the following:
ae, ae, ai, ei, ci, oe, oe, oe, ui, ui.
aw, aw, ew, ow, iw, ow, QW, uw.
They sound in accordance with the single elementary
letters.
B. The 16 Consonants are:
b, d, f, g, h, k, m, n, n, p, r, s, t, w, w, y.
"1" is used only in foreign words and consequently left out in
the above number.
The letters c, j, q, x, z are unknown.
The consonants k, g, h, n (as in ring) are frequently
joined with the letter 'w or w' = ts as in church.
The consonants g, h, k assume 'y' before e, e, e, i, some-
times also before 'a'.
'Hy' sounds like the scotch ch in Loch.
'f w' is pronounced by contracting both lips as for whistling.
Part I.
-
I
Nouns.
1. Nouns are the names of different things.
2. Nouns may be Common or Proper Nouns.
3. Common Nouns are either simple, collective or ab-
stract.
a. Simple Common Nouns are the names of any single
individual as: oguaii, a sheep; a so, an ear.
b. Collective Common Nouns denote a collection of indi-
viduals, as: kwae, a forest; ymaii, a nation.
c. Abstract Common Nouns denote a quality, action or
feeling, as: ahogfe, beauty; kyerew, writing: ova re;
sickness.
4. Proper Nouns are the names of particular persons, places,
rivers etc., as: Kwame (a person): Akuropon a town;
Densu (a river).
5. Most nouns are formed by prefixes, as : 'a' (am), 'e.', 'Q 1 , 'm'.
'a' (am) in abof ra, (a) child; ad u an, food; ad a mfo, friend:
ampesi, boiled plantains, yam. cassada, coco etc.
V (e) in eti, the head; gsono, the elephant,
'o' (o) in ghene, the king; onipa. a man.
- m' (n: n) in mfgte, white ants; nsa, hand; n horn a. book.
Obs. The prefixes V (o) are very often dropped.
6. A series of Nouns is formed by prefixes and suffixes, as
'e': T; 'ni' (fo); 'wa'; 'ba'; 'ma'.
; e' in nneyge, doings; o fareb a e, the author, originator,
T in adidii, place of eating; nsusuwi, thought; tii'ui.
long hairs.
( ni' in osuani, a scholar; ohiani, a poor person;
'fo' in ckyerekyergfo, a teacher: odefo, a rich man.
'wa' in dadewa. a nail.
'ba' --in ababii. a young woman.
'ma' -- in obarima, a male person.
Exercise.
Mewo agya tia mewo ena nso. Ope aduaii biara. -
Ksono wo ti kese. 1 ) (Jhene 2 ) nso ye onipa. Onipa biara wo
nsa abiefi. - Ksono nsa na esono nsa. - - Onni nhoma.
Mfote bebre wo ha. Okyerekyerefo pe osuani 3 ) asem. -
Qdefo no ye ohlani no 4 ) adamfo. Ampesi yo aduan pa.
Nhoma no yefo 5 ). Won nneyee ye fe. Ababa biako wghQ. -
Dadewa 6 ) ye dade ketewa.
Vocabulary.
mewo I have bebre many
na andfponnneetmg pe-asem to like
good
their; of them
nice; pleasing
is
one
on that place
iron
small
father
( palm) wine
1 ) Adjectives are placed after the Noun which they qualify.
2 ) A Noun in the Nominative case being the Subject of the
sentence, ussually stands before the Verb.
3 ) A Noun in the Possessive Case stands always before
another Noun.
4 ) 'no' represents the definite article.
5 ) The prefixes 'e, e. o, o' are usually dropped in connection
with, preceding words that do not end in open vowels.
6 ) The suffix 'wa' denotes the deminutlve form.
two sentences)
pa
biara
any
won
ena
mother
fe"
nso
also
ne
kgse
great
biako
ye
to be (is)
woho
WQ
has
dade
abieii
two
ketewa
esono-gsono
different
agya
onni
he has not
nsa
oyefo
author
II.
The Plural of Nouns.
1. Nouns with the prefixes 'a', V, 'o', form their plural
assuming the prefixes 'a' or 'm', 'n', 'n' in accordance with
their initial consonants, as :
a bo fr a, child; pi. mmofra: aky ene, drum; pi. nkyene; eda, day
pi. nna: ekuw, a heap; pi. akuw; aboa, animal; pi. mmoa.
obofo, messenger: pi. abofo: opurow squirrel, pi. apurow;
onipa, a man; pi. nnipa.
2. Some other Nouns change their singular prefixes as
_above adding the suffixes ; fo', 'wa' and % ma', as:
afe, companion; pi. mfefo; oyare, sickness pi. nnyarewa; ade
a thing, pi. nneema.
3. Others change the prefix V of the singular into 'a'
and the suffix 'ni' into ! fo'. as:
obibini, a negro; pi. abibifo: ob fir on i. a European; pl.aborofd.
4. Nouns denoting some friendly relation, add the suffix
'nom.' as: Qyere. a wife: pi. oyerenom; okunu, husband; pi.
okunu nom.
5. A good number of Nouns have the same form for the
.singular and plural, as:
ydom. an army: aniwa, the eye: ano, the mouth.
Exercise.
Abofra biara wo agya. Mmofra akuakuw bebre agyina-
gyina 1 ) hg. Wo.kS nkyene. Nnipa nhma fwefwe mfefo.
Abibifo 2 ) ne abSrofo nhina pe nneema pa. - Nnyarewa bebre
woho. Mewo nnamfonom 3 ) banu. Oyerenom pe won knnu-
nom asem. Onipa biara wo aniwa abien na owo ano biako.
1 ). The reduplication of the Verb is required as the Noun to
which the Verb refers, speaks of a multitude of persons.
2 ). 'ne' = and, connecting two words, either Nouns or Pronouns.
3 ). Sometimes the singular-prefix is changed besides the addi-
tion of the plural-suffix 'nom.'
ifl
IV
Dom horow gyinagyina kurow no kiirotia. Ksono ye aboa
kese. Mihuu aprae abiosa odaii no mil Obi bu nna uhma
pp. Abofo bi aba ha. -
Vocabulary.
gyinag3*ina
(o)ho
ka
to stand
there
to beat
abigsi
odan
mu
three
room
within ;inside
woka
nhlna
fwefwe
kurow
they beat obi: pi. ebinom
all
to look out for bu
town
somebody: any-
body
to respect, con-
sider, esteem
hu
mihuu
to see
I saw
pe adv.
horo
alike
different
kurotia
end or entrance aba ha
came here
of a town
HI.
The
Pronoun.
1. A pronoun is a word used for a Noun.
2. Pronouns are of 4 different principal kinds: Personal,
Interrogative, Demonstrative and Relative.
A. Personal Pronouns.
his.
Nominative Case
Possessive Ca se
Singular
Singular
1. Pers.
me =
I
me: m'
= of me, my
2. Pers.
wo
thou
wo; w'
= of thee, thy
3. Pers.
QUO =
he, she
ne ; n'
of him, her, it
eno =
it
her, its
Plural "
Plural
1. Pers.
yen =
we
yen
= of us; our
2. Pers.
mo =
you
mo
= of you; your
3. Pers.
wgn =
they
won
= of them; their
eno =
they (neutr.j
ne
== their (neutr.)
11
Objective Case Compound Objective Case.
Singular Singular
1. Pers. me; m' = to me, me meho myself
2. Pers. wo: w' = to thee, thee woho thyself
3. Pers. ne; n' = to him, her, iieho = himself
it; him. her. it
Plural Plural
1. Pers. yen = to us; us yenho = ourselves
2. Pers. mo; m' = to you; you moh5 = yourselves
3. Pers. won = to them; them WQnho = themselves
Exercise.
M'agya l ) nni ho. Ne na WQ mma bebre. Won nnee-
ma nhina ayera. Me ara 2 ) mepe no sa. Yn mmofra ye.
mmotra bone. - - Won nhina ye abibifo. Nnipa dodg wouhS
wgnho. N'ade biak5 nni ho. Ne ba yare. Quo Kwasi
gyina hg. - - Mihuu won nhina. Migyina 3 ,) n'agya asase
so. Mafa 4 ) akutu bi (wo) m'adamfo turom.' Yen ankasa asase
nen 5 ). So 6 ) wo yonko anya neho. ? Mihuu wo nua nnera.
Me ti beii me. Ne ti ben no. Me ba tie m'asem. Me
kunu atade atetew. ' Ne din de 7 ) Abena.
M Before words beginnig with prefix 'a' the vowels of the perso-
nal pronoun are dropped.
2) The personal pronouns are emphasised by the addition of the
particles 'ara' or 'ankasa' e. g. me ara, wo ara. o no ara. m an-
kasa, woankasa. nankasa.
s) Before 'i,' 'e' and 'u' we usually write 'mi', ! wu.'
*) Before the verb the Nominative case is shortened into the
following forms 'me - woa - wa (a) - yea - moa - wga.'
5 ) 'nen' a contraction of 'ne eno.' The verb 'ne' has the meaning:
"to be identical with'. Ne oyi. ne eyi, are likewise contracted
into 'ni'.
6 ) Interrogative Particle.
7 'de' - to be called.
Vocabulary.
OWQ h(_
oani JKJ
he is present
he is absent
mafa
;t Until
I have taken
orange
ayeru
lost
tiirom'
in the garden
mepe
,sfi - adv.
bone
I like
in this manner
bad, evil
oyonko
nnera
beii
friend, companion
yesterday
to ache
dodo
yare
migyina
asase
to love
to be sick
I stand
land; earth
tie
atade
atetew
wanya neho
to obey
cloth
torn
he is rich
so
on, upon
IV.
B.
1. Ehena
2. Deii; ben
3. Ehe
4. Don
5. Eden nti
what day? when?
how much? how
Interrogative Pronouns.
who? pi. ehSfo 6. Dabeu
what? 7. Ahe
where? many?
how? 8. Dekode or what (in indi-
why? adeko,asemko rect questions
C. Demonstrative Pronouns.
1. Enne. (nne)
2. Dabi
3. Da
4. Da
5. Sa, so
to-day
some day
always
never
such ; in this
manner
7. Kho, ohgnom there
8. Babi somewhere
9. Oyipl.eyinom this one
10. Obipl. ebinom some body
11. Eyi pi. eyinom this thing
12. Fue anything.
nothing
6. Eha. eha ara, ,
eha yi ara
Exercise.
Ehg na woko? Wo don na ayera? Enne ye Kwasida.
Migyina ha yi-ara. 1 ) Oyi pe n'agya asem. Ahg na ewo ho ?
*) The prefix is dropped as the preceding word closes with the
vowel 'a'.
13
Won nhlna woho. So onni akutu ana? 1 ) Dabi. onni bi. Okoo
Akiiropon daben 'or' daben na okoo Akiiropon? Okoo nnera.
Oko ho da. Sa onipa yi yen mmoa bebre. Den na ekita sa
abofra yi? Minnim dekode a ekita no. Nnipa binom nni fvve.
Fwe ara nui ho. Asase yi ye me dea. 2 ) Abibifo mmerekyi
nye akose 3 ) s<_- 4 ) Aborofo de."')
Vocabulary.
ko
to go
aberekjd pi. mmerekyi goat
Kwasida
Sunday
ye
okoo
he, she went
nye
kita
to hold
Akuropoii
ekita me
T hold
dabi
mikitae
nlni
to know
minnim
to be
negat. form
a town
no
I do not know
V.
D. The Relative Pronoun.
1. The Relative Sentences are formed by the particle 'a.'
Tliis particle stands in relation to an antecedaut noun or pro-
noun connecting with it a following clause which occupies the
place of an adjective e. g. :
onipa a mihuu no no fi ) the man whom I saw.
obi woho a owo aka no there is somebody who was bitten
bv a snake
l ) Interrogative Particle used at the end of a sentence.
-) 'Dea'; the emphatic particle 'a' is brought in connection with
the indefinite pronoun 'de' (s. No. 6.)
3 ) Plural form of the adjective 'kese.'
4) 'se' = like.
5 ) 'De' is an indefinite reciprocal pronoun taking the place of
the preceding noun.
u ) The second 'no' refers to the noun 'onipa' expressing the
definite article while the first one is a pronoun in the Ob-
jective case.
bere a mekge no at the time I went away
mepe obiara a odo me asom I like everybody who loves me
2. The demonstrative pronoun 'nea' (he who, she who. that
which, he whose, he whom etc. ) denotes a person or a thing,
being in combination with the above mentioned particle 'a.'
The sentence following requires however in most cases a corres-
pondent pronoun e. g. :
nea waba ha no, minnim no onipa a waba ha no. minnim no-;
I do not know the man who came here
nea aba dedaw (no) na oba da = that which once happened,
will always happen
ko nea mekae no = ko babi a mekae no go to that place
which F told you
nea owo aka no suro sun. son = he whom a snake has bitten
fears a worm.
Exercise.
Minnim nea abofra no ko. Nnipa a wobaa ha nngra no,
miuhu won bio. Minim nea woka no ho asom no. Minim nnipa a
wobaa ha no nhina. Nneema a ewo l ) ha yi -} nhina yc me
dea. Me youkonom a wowo ha nhina ka no sa. Nea funu wo-
ho no oho 3 ) na akore boboaboa wonho ano. Ksono mprempreii
wiase yi na esono dabi 4 ) de a oboba no. Amrado gyaa ode-
duani biako a wopo no. Don na menyo lesu a wofro no Kristo
no? Eda a eyinom koe no na mebaa fie. Mihuu wo obrodoma
no ase.
Vocabulary.
wobaa they came wiase world
ka to say (jboba it will come
efunu a dead body gya to release
okore eagle odeduani prisoner
1 ) 'ewo' = neuter gender.
2 ) 'yi' = demonstr. pronoun reflecting to the subject 'nneema 4
3 ) To make a word emphatic, it is placed before the sentence
and followed by the conjunction 'na.'
4 ) An adjective exceptionally placed before the word it qualifies.
bijboaboa-auo tbey will gather mrnyr? shall 1 do?
mprempren presently used as ofie home, house
an adjective obrodoma tig tree
use under amrado governor
VI.
The Verb.
1. A Verb is a word expressing which a thing does or is done to.
2. There are transitive and intransitive verbs, many however
are used transitively and intransitivelj'.
3. Verbs are inflected according to Voice. Mood. Tense. Per-
son and Number.
4. The Verbs in the Tshi language have no Passive Voice.
5. There are only three Moods : the Indicative, Imperative
and Infinitive.
Obs.: The condition is expressed by different conjunctions.
6. There are 6 resp. 7 tenses : The Present tense, the Past tense
the Perfect tense, the Progressive tense, the First Future
tense, the second Future tense.
Obs.: The consecutive Form will be refered to by a foot
note whenever it occurs.
7. The person and number ere indicated by the personal
pronoun, the stem of the verb undergoing no change whatever.
Paradigm 'kg' = to go.
A. Affirmative Form.
Indicative Mood.
Present tense:
Singular Plural
1. meko = I go 1. yeko = we go
2. wokQ = thou goest 2. moko you go
2. oko. cko = he. she, it goes 3. woko they go
16
Past tense:
Singular
1. mekoe 1 ) I went
2. wokoe = thou wentst
3. Qkoe, ekoe = he, she, it went
Perfect tense:
Plural
1. yekoe ; we went
2. mokoe = you went
3. wokoe = they went
Singular Plural
1. mako = I have gone 1. yeako = we have gone
2. woakg = thou hast gone 2. moako = you ,.
3. wako,. akg = he, she, it has gone 3. woako. = they ,,
Progressive tense:
Singular Plural
1. mereko = I am going 1. yereko -= we are going
2. work(j = thou art going 2. moreko -- you ,. ,.
3. oreko, ereko = he, she, it is going 3. woreko = they ,, ,,
First Future tense:
Singular . Plural
1. meko 2 ) = I shall go 1. yebeko = AVB shall go
2. wobeko = thou wilt go 2. mobeko you will go
3. obekg, ebgko he, she, it will go 3. wobeko they ,,
Second Future tense: (Progressive)
Singular Plural
1. merebeko I shall be going 1. yerebeko we shall be going
2. worebeko thou wilt be going 2. morebeko you will
3. orebeko he, she will be ,. 3. woreboko they ,.
erebeko it will
J ) The suffix V or T is dropped when an object follows, the
final vowel being lengthened e. g. okoe = he went: but
okoo fie = he went home.
2 j Contraction of mebeko in the first Person.
17
Exercise.
Moma wo siren biako ne takufa. Otuaa no nea ese.
Wafa me nneoma uhlna. So wobeko Akuropon nne ana 1 )?
Yenim nnipa a wobaa ha nhina. Ne sika nhina asa. Won
iihina rekg fie. Yeahu se 2 ) doni kese bi di n'akyi 3 ). Wogo-
ru 4 ) fcfefe abonteii so. Mmarima nhlna behyiaa 5 ) abgnten.
Wokyeree me nea mmofra no yce. -- Doiifwerew biako ni a
mesoree. Yebefi wiase yi ako c ) bio. Abofo bi fii Aburi
bae. Moreko he? Yen nhlna reko yen kurom'. Dabeii
na woate so amrado beba ha? Metee no 7 ) sa nnera. So
wunim sa onipa yi? Yiw. minim no anim ne anim. --
sireu
takufa
tun
abonten
kyere
ys
sore
Vocabulary.
shilling
siku
sixpence
to pay
to be due to
very nicely
sa
di-akyi
goru
do nt \\eiv\r
street
rt
to show, explain
to do
bio
te
to rise
yiw
money, gold
to come to an end
to- follow
to play
hour
to come or go from
again
to hear
anim ne anim personally
1 ) In interrogative sentences the forms of the verb are not
altered, yet, they are introduced either by interrogative pro-
nouns or particles.
-) ; se' = that (a conjunction introducing a Noun-sentence).
H ) It has already been mentioned that the vowels in the singul.
number of the personal pronouns are lost before the prefix 'a'.
*) 'wogoru' not 'wogoru' for euphonic reasons.
5 ) 'behyiaa' is not the future form, but a combination of the
verb 'ba' = to come and the verb 'hyia' to come together
employed in expressing the action.
6 ) If there are two successive verbs the first of which denotes
the future tense, the second must begin with the prefix 'a'
being characteristical for the perfect tense.
') To make a sentence emphatic the pronoun 'no' (neutr.), usual-
ly ommitted. is to be expressed.
m
J.O
VII.
The Imperative and Infinitive Mood.
a. The Imperative Mood.
1. The Imperative (Mood) of the second person has no prefix
at all neither in the singular nor in the plural form.
2. The Imperative (Mood) of the third person is either formed
by the nasal prefix 'n' having high tone on the first syllable
or by the auxiliary verb 'ma' to let, to cause, to make
the prefixes having low tone.
Singular Plural
2. ko go 2. monko. go
3a. onky he shall go 3a. wonko they shall go
b ma onko i et him go b j '^a woiiko let themgo
pi. momma onko pi. momma wonko
b. The Infinitive Mood.
The Infinitive is in reality converted into a Noun being
consequently formed by the Noun-prefixes 'a', 'o', 'm'. 'n', 'n', as :
adidi eating; oko going: okasa speaking:
aguare washing: nna sleep; nkamfo praise.
Exercise.
Monko kiirow a eda mo anim yi mu. Kg na koyf- nea mekye-
ree^. wo no. Ma onko n'agya ukyeu. Miinse 1 ) Sion babea se:
Ewe, wo hene reba wo nkyeii. Momma onyo n'adwuma. Mo-
mmera 2 ) mmefwe. 3 ) nea Awurade dae ho. Onipa a ogyina w'a-
nim ha yi fgre ade. Monko nkoye 4 ) amanaman uhina m'a-
suafo. Monye anifere so awQ. Monkyerekyero won se wonni
!) cfr. Exerc. Ill, 3.
2 ) The consonant 'b' of the singular 'bSra' is by assimilation
converted into 'm' in the plural.
3 ) The Verb 'ba' cfr. Exerc. VI, 5 undergoes the same assimilation.
4 ) 'Ko' is here to be considered as an auxiliary verb being used
in the same form as the principal verb. The pronoun however
is repeated only when the verb stands in the first person.
nea mahye mo nhina so. Monno mo atamfo. Momma n'atempon
utetj. Xe na buae so: Dabi na womfre no Yohane. Fwe oyi
ue uea adi}"ifo no aka ne) ho 6 ) asem no. -Oko na esese woko.
Vocabulary.
(la
to lie
atempon highway
anim
face, front
t6e
to be or make straight
se
to say, tell
adwuma
work
i'\V<-
to see
odiyifo
prophet
ukyoii
aside, by. near
fere ade
to be bashful.
to respect
Awurade,
Lord
bua
to reply
amanamau
nations
fre
to call
kyerekyere
to teach
anifere
sharpness of
sight'
di - so
to observe
otamfo
enemy
hyo
to command
lohane
John
Sion
Zion
Ylli. The negative form of the Verb.
The Negative is always formed by the Xasal prefixes 'm',
'n' or 'iV.
Ram. Observe the difference of the tone in the Present
and Imperative.
B. Negative Form.
Indicative Mood.
Present tense:
Singular Plural
1. menko I do not go 1. Yenko we do not go
2. wonko thou doest not go 2. moiiko you do not go
3. ouko he, she does not go 3. wonko they do not go
enko neuter.
5 ) After the Verb 'ne ho' is written instead of 'no ho.'
li ) 'ho' refers either to things or to persons signifying the physical
or mental circumstances of the latter.
20
Past tense:
Singular Plural
1. menkoe 1 did not go 1. yenkoe we did not go
2. wonkoe thou didst ,, 2. monkoe you
3. onkoe he. she did., 3. wonkoe they ,, ,.
eukge neutr.
Perfect tense:
Singular Plural
1. manko I have not gone 1. yeanko we have not gone
2. woanko thou hast ., 2. moanko you ..
3. wanko he. she has,, ,. 3. woaiiko they .. ,. .,
aiiko nentr.
Progressive Form:
Singular Plural
l.merenko I shall not he going I. yerenkcj we shall not be going
2. woreiiko thou wilt ,, ,. 2. morenku you will ,. .,
3. orenko he,shewill.. ., ,. 3. worenkij they ., .. ..'
erenko neutr.
First Future tense:
Singular Plural
1. mennko I shall not go 1 4 yyrriiko we shall not go
2. wonnko thou wilt .. .. 2. monnko you will ., ..
3. onuko he, she will ,. .. 3. wonnko they ., ,.
enfiko neuter
The Second Future tense in the negative form is very seldom used.
Exercise.
Woreusakra won adwene da. Mnntie uea utemmuib a
gntfie 1 ) yi se! Minsuro Onyankopgn na meinfere nnipa. -
Woanu won nm 2 ) biara. Minsusuw se obeye sa. Ma 7ninni-
di 3 ) na mennom ansa. - Mamma mammesoma asomdwoe. -
1 ) After the relative particle the high tone of the negative is
drawn back to the first syllable.
2 ) 'mil' among
*) The second Imperative form with the auxiliary verb 'ma,'.
21
Yerenkg fie ara 1 ) da. Wontumi film Onyaiikopou ahenni. -
Osukom renne 2 ) no da. Xkurofo no mu pi antie n'asom. -
MemniQ mankasa me tirim menyo biribi. Abofra yi afika no-
kware. Odiyifo bi nsore mfii Galilea pen e 3 ).
Vocabulary.
sakra
to change
soma
to send
adwene
mind
asomdwoe
peace
otemmufo
judge
tumi
can
suro
to fear
ahenni
kingdom
OnyankopQu
God
osukom
thirst
susuw
to think
osukom de me
1 am thirsty
didi
to eat.
iikuroto
the inhabitans
nom
to drink
Pi
many
bQ-tirim
to propose
nokware
truth
Galilea
Galilee
pen
once: never
IX.
The Negative Imperative Mood.
Singular Plural
2. iiko do not go 2. moniiko do not go
3. a. onnko he shall not go 3. a. wonnko they shall not go
b. inmaQimku b. mma won-
pl. mommma let him not go nkg let them not go
QiinkQ pi. mommmS
WQiiiiko.
Exercise.
Monnko nso munni won akyi. Muunsuro won a wontu-
mi 4 ) nkum gkara. Mma Qnnsan n'akyi. Mommpe sika ana
1 ) 'ara' a particle of generalizing power.
a) The consonant 'd' of the verb 'de' = to take hold of, is by
assimilation converted into 'n' corresponding with the nega-
tive form.
3 ) V = an emphatic particle after the negative Past tense^
4) Before tho vowel 'u' the pronouns 'won' and 'yen' are written
'won' and 'yen.'
dvvete ana kobere uiii'iu 1 ) mo aboso mu. Mommmafi miky
amaiiaman kwan so. Kg ka kyero won so: wohnko won kfirom .'
Moate so woka kyeree tetefo no se: nni awu. - Nka wo ti
ntam. Monnkasakasa pi kwa 2 ) so abosonsomfo. Ostiani biara
a ote ne kyerokyorofo nsem na onyo no benyii asotvve. Moimnfu
bone nntua bone so ka.
Vocabulary.
kum
to kill
ok wan
the road, way
okara
the soul
oteteni
an aged man
sail
to return
pi. tetefo
the ancients
pe
to desire
di awu
to kill
dwete
silver
ka ntam
to swear
kobere
copper
kasakasa
to talk, gabble
gu
to cast
obosonsomni
a heathen
aboso
girdle
nya
to get
man
to turn aside
asotvve
punishment
fa
to take
tua so ka
to punish
X.
Inflexible Verbs.
There are a series of verbs undergoing no inflexion
whatever, as :
te to be (in some state)
te to sit, to live
ye to be good
wo to be (on some place: ueg. uui)
nim to know
so to carry
ne to consist in. to be identical with
nam to walk
1 ) Before 'g' the negative prefix is 'u' and the letter 'g' is con-
verted into 'n' by assimilation.
2 ) 'okwa' in vain: the prefix V is dropped for euphonic reasons
Exercise.
Onyankopou ne odo. Sr l j menam owusiinsnma bon mil a.
minsuro bone l>i. Teho\va atempon rihina y<_> nokware ma 2 )
won a won am n'akwan so. lehuwa ne me hauu ne me nkwa-
gye. Ohene ba ne no. -- Kte sonea 3 ) mekae no. - - Dabi,
onte sa. Yennim eyi ho f\ve. So wunim nea meref\\ ef\\ o
vi? Yentumi unuare asu. - Misusmv sr eye sr yesim. -
Meho ye afei. Minnini' nea sa ade no wj. Wo yere ho te
dijn? M'adamfo te poAko so. Xnipa kakra hi na etc 4 ) sa
kiirow yi mti. Obea \'i so kyt v w a tjyij tV. (On'na oso asrm
no uhina ti :> ). Wo ho te don nne? Meho ye kakra.
Afei de (i ) me ho ye kakra. Sr rte sa a ankil 7 ) eye.
Vocabulary.
odo
love
guare
to wash,
bathe
own
death
<<uare asn
to s\vim
sunsuma
shadow
sim
to start
obon
valley
afei
now
lehowa
Jehovah
oponko
horse
hauu
light
t.-kyrw
hat
nkwagye
salvation
J ) The conjunction 'so' = if with the particle 'a' introduces
the conditional sentence.
-') 'ma' is often used as an auxiliary verb taking the place of
a preposition with the meaning of 'for the benefit of.'
^ The conjunction 'sonea' introduces an Adverbial Clause of
Manner and is followed by the corresponding 'no' or 'yi.'
4 ) Instead of using the third person plural the predicate can
be put into the Xeutr. Singul.
') A Phrase: 'he is the chief person in the matter.'
e ) This particle is used to make the sentence prominent; it is
usually comparing the present state with the former; it can
be translated thus : "take it for granted."
7 ) 'Anka' 'in that case' cfr. XX; this conjunction indicates
that the idea of the sentence is no reality, but it depends
on the relalitv of the idea of another sentence.
24
XI.
Auxiliary Verbs.
1. There are some auxiliary verbs which point out the distinc-
tion between the direct and indirect object, as:
Ode . . . kyere he shows
Ode ... berg he brings
2. An object which has either to take a certain direction or to
occupy a certain place, is introduced by the following aux. verbs :
Ode ... ba he brings to
Ode ... si he puts at
Ode ... ko he takes at
3. A few auxiliary verbs take the place of a preposition as:
Ode ... ye he does by. he makes with
Qnam...soye he does by means of.
The Imperative and Negative Forms use 'fa' instead (it
'de' resp. 'nam', as: fa ... ba. fa . . . ko through
ti . . . ba. ti . . . kij - from.
Exercise.
Ode ne ba broo me. Ode ntama yi kyeo me. Wode
won iihoma bi kyoe me. Y<_>u nhina de yon aniwa tVvr Awurade
anuonyam. Mede wo asom mama won. Sa nnipa yi iihiufi
de won mma baa oduru3 f efo no iikyon. Omfa kuruwa no
mmesi pon so. Woamfa me nneema no ammSrc me bio. -
Ode ne ba reko fie. Wode won nan na et\Va kwaii. Ofii Anum
baa Odumase. Wofaa Akuropgn koo Aburi. On am ne do
so yoe ade kese. Obiara nam aberan so ko Ouyankopou
ahenni mu. Den ho na mede Nyankopon ahenni mmyto? -
Onyame mfa adebone a eye tiaa 1 ) no mfiri no. Otii fii Asante
betraa Akyem. Wode no yeo osafohene. Wode no ytje
ijsofo or wohj r oe no sofo.
Vocabulary.
Q ^ child Aburi, Anum, f
ntama cloth Odumase
l ) The past tense is always indicated with the second verb (only.)
kye
to present
ani
eye
anuonyam
glory
odiiriiycfo
jihysirian
kuruwa
cup
opoii
table
onan
foot: leg
t\Va kwau
to make a
journey
<jberai'i
aberau so
to ... ho
Onyame
adebone
Asante; Akyem countries
osafohene captain
hye to appoint
ostjfo priest, minister
a strong man
by force
to compare with
God
the evil deed
XII.
Adjectives.
t. An Adjective is a word qualifying a noun or pronoun.
2. Adjectives are of three kinds: Adjectives of Quality. Adjec-
tives of Quantity, Distinguishing Adjectives.
A. Adjectives of Quality.
1. The Adjectives of Quality are used in two ways:
either attributively e. g. onipa kese a great man
abofra bone a bad boy
atade fefe a beautiful cloth
or predicative!}' e. g. onipa yi ye kese this man is great
atade no ye fe the cloth is beautiful
2. A number of Adjectives has either the simple or the redu-
plicated form. e. g.
tf = nice, fine; fefo handsome
fofofefo (or contracted) fefefy = very fine
pa = good; papa and papapa = very good
de = sweet: dede and (dcdedede) dedede = very sweet
nwene = bitter; nwenenwene = very bitter
3. Few Adjectives have a plural form, as:
akuma little pi. ukiima
kese = large pi. akese
ketewa = small pi. nketewii
Exercise.
Won a wote kuro(w) yi mu nhina adan nnipa bone, -
Amanehunu kese bi baa won so. Nnipa dodow no uhina agye
adi 1 ) se nea gka" no nhina worn' ampa. Ano Kristofo bebre
te yen asase yi so. Awurade adidii no ye ade kronkron (bi.)
Ewo ye aduan bi a eye de se 2 ). Wo.boaa Swissifo nnompe
nhina ano asoredan ketewa bim'. Karl Okokodurufo 3 ) be-
dii nsase horow a eye nsase pa fefe bi so. Xnua akese bi
gugu okwan a wobgo no foforo no so. Won nhina nneyee
ye bone. Amrado te abaukese 4 ) bi mu. - - Russifo dodow
n ara ye akuafo. Eyi ye adwnma bi a eye yaw. -
\..^
Vocabulary.
dan
to turn into
Karl
Charles
amanehunu
suffering.
okoko
breast; courage
mi sen-
duru
hard: heavy
dodow
many
edua
tree
gye-di
to believe
gugu kwaii so
to lie on the road
ewom
it is true
bo okwaii
to cut or clean
ampa
certainly
a road
x ). Very often two transitive verbs are combined to express one
notion only.
2 ). se this adverb denotes a high degree of a said quality
3 ). "Qkokodurufo" is the adjective "duru" compounded with a
noun, used as Attribute.
*). A compound noun viz. aban a eye kese.
kroiikroi'i holy fut'oro new
own honey abaiikrse rustle, tort
aduaii meal, food Russito the inhabitants
Swis.sifo the inhabitants of Russia
of Switzerland okuat'o peasant, farmer
donvpe hone ad \\uma work
asoredaii hun-h yaw painful
xin.
B. Adjectives of Quantity,
1. Adjectives denoting absolute quantity, as:
bebre. pi = much, many
kakra. kakriibi = little, some, few
uhlna all: nhTna r ra = altogether
2. Numeral Adjeftives.
a i Cardinal Numerals
hi Ordinal Numerals 1 )
a i Cardinal Numerals:
1 hako
11 cdubiako
21 aduonu bako
2 abiefi
12 ediimien
22 aduonu abiefi
3 abiosii
13 edumiensa
3<! aduasa
4 anaii
14 edi'mnau
40 aduanan
5 aniim
IT) edunnum
.Vl aduomim
6' asia
10 ednnsla
60 aduosia
7 a sou
17 edunsoii
70 aduosou
8 awotwe
18 edunwotwt^
80 aduowotwe
9 akron
19 edunkrou
9<) aduakrou
10 edii
2<) aduonu
100 oha
i) These are expressed by Verbal Phra3es
101 oha ne bako
200 ahannu
300 ahasa
400 ahannaii
3000
4008
10,000
500 almnmun
(KM ahansia
7(M ahanson
800 aha a wot WH
mpensii 20,000
mpemnan 90,0<X)
opedu 100,000
UHKXXHI opepem
bj Ordinal Numerals:
Odi kan
oto so abien
otla abien
oto so abiosa
he is the first
odi ho
000 aluiiikiV.fi
KXK) apem
1001 apemnebako
20(X mpennu
opeduonu
ypeduakrou
opeha
he is the second {>di ka "
nea edi kau
nea oto so abien
nea otla abien
nea oto so abiosa
nea etia abiosa
ho is the third
firstly
.secondl
thirdly
odi akyiri
oka akyiri
6t\Va to
nea okata-
akyiri no
he is the next
he occupies the first
place
he occupies the back
part
he remains behind
he cuts olf
that which is the
last (thing)
Exercise.
Ode ne yere koo Asante oliene Karikari afe a oto so
anaii so. - Kho na owoo n'abakan 1 ) barima no. - - Here bon
na wokoo Akyem? Mfe asia ni'-) a mekoe. Da a oto so anum
Onyankopon bgg mpata ne nnomg. Ode ne mmabea banu 3 )
*) "abakdn" = the firstborn child = oba a odi kau
2 ) "ni" = Contraction of "ne no"; the predicate "eyo" is under-
stood .
3 ) When the Units refer to a person, they are combined with
t|ie word oba ^= person
ma a aware. lakob woo mmabaniu dumiei'i. Xnipa bebre
pa (adv.) baa ue ukj't'"- lakob babarima a odi kau no diii
de Rnben na nea 6t\Va to no nso wofro no Benjamin. Ye
ntem na kokum mmerekyi - mma abien fa bera. Xea
odi kan no see no so: Ma to asase na ehia me 1 ) sc mekofwo. -
Saara nso na nea otia abievi ne abicsa no yee de-beduu 2 ) asoii
no so. < Ofienipa biara ntumi nsom wuranom banu. Ode
ne mmarima a woawo won ne ft ahasa duuwotvVe tun sa. -
Ono nso ne mmarima ahannaii reba abehyia wo. Ogya
tii Awurade nkyon behyew mmarima ahannu aduonum no nhina.
Vocabulary.
Karikari
wo
afe
bo
apata
anomii
ware
XIV.
C. Distinguishing Adjectives.
These Adjectives distinguish a thing from its class, as:
yi pi. yinom = this, these
bi pi. binom = a, another, some
name of an
Asaute King
Iliiben
Benjamin
proper nouns
to bring forth
to
to bu\ r
year
du
to reach
to create
ofienipa
domestic servant
fish
tu sa
to fight
bird
som
to serve
to marry
owiira
master
fire
hyew
to burn
1 ) "ehia me" = impers. I feel obliged
2 ) A verb used in a prepositional way
30
biara = any. every
no 1 ) the, that, those
ben? - which? what? in direct questions
ko = which, what, in indirect questions
afikasa = self
nko. nkuto = alone
Exercise.
Minnim abofra ko a wosomaa no no. Mo mu nipa ben
na 2 ) orennyaw ne nnuanten aduakron akron sare so? Ampa,
oyi ne odiyifo a oreba wiase no. Dua biara a me soro agya
annua no wobetu. Ade biara a eko anom no ky yafunu mu.
Nea eft anom fi adi de, eft nipa komanf. Adweue boa na wo-
de susuw sa asem yi ho? Me de, minsusuw no sa. Me
mmom na mekilti no sa. Quo ukuto kore na okura sa nsusuwi
no. Munnim honhom ko a move ne dea? Ohene ankasa
hyoe mnic\ra so wompra abonten (so). Moinven na munnim
don ko a mo wura beba. Me nuabea nso 3 ) gye di se sa atade
yi fata me. Onipa biara a oma neho so no, wobobere no ase.
Wurenhu don ko a meba wo so. Adiyifo no nso wui: wo-
vij woho doii ni ?
Vocabulary.
gyaw
t:> leave
odon
clock-
ognanteu
sheep
nimara
law
sare
the desert
hyo mmarn
to ma
a law
l ) "no" = usually corresponding with the definite article in
English
-) To make any part of a sentence emphatic, it is placed at the
head of the sentence and the word thus made prominent is
followed by the conjunction "na".
3 ) This particle added to'the preceding noun is to be considered
as an adverbial attribute to the subject.
51
soro
heaven :
pra
to clean
adj.: heavenly
fata
to suit
dua
to plant
ma ... so
to raise
tn
to take out
be iv . . ase
to humble
yafiinu
stomach
nso
also, even
fi . . . adi
to come oi m go out
h oil horn
spirit, ghost
koma
heart
od oil
bell
won
to watch
XV.
Inflexion of Adjectives.
1. Adjectives are inflected to express comparison.
2. The Comparative and Superlative Degree denote that one
of two things possess a higher quality than the other or
than all the others respectively.
3. The Comparative and Superlative degree are usually formed
by the help of the verbs "sen" or "kyon" = to surpass, e. g.
Compar.
onipa yi wo ahooderi kyon ne niia no
onipa yi ye kose sen no
this man is stronger than
his brother
this man is greater than
the other
Superlat.
onipa yi wo ahooden kyou won nhina this man is the strong-
onipa yi sen woii nhina ahooden est of them all
onipa yi ye kese sen won nhina this man is the great-
est of them all
4. The Superlative can be indicated also in the following ways :
a) by a predicative Adjective and the postposition 'mu' = among,
e. g. Avoyo won nh T na mu aktima = thou art the youngest of all
b) by the word "no ara'' added to attribute Adjectives, e. g.
nkurofo pi no ara gye no dii = most of the inhabitants
believed in him.
32
Exercise.
Esono yo aboa bi a oso kyen mmoa nhina. Eye aba
nhlna mu ketewa. Qpanyin nira de (nySnsa) sen abofra. -
Qberan Goliat so sen nnipa a aka no nhlna. Dua biara nni-
ho a ekyen eyi kese 1 ). Minnim biribiara a eye de kyen ewd.
Qpoii a otowe no kyen nea yen nhina susui. Mefwe sa
nfwiren yi nhlna a, mihu se eyi ne ne-nhlna mu nea eye fe
dodo. Amrado baa yen kurom' no, nnipa pi no ara dii n'akyi.
Wo ne nea owo tumi kcse no. Mmea a wgboro 2 ) ahansia na
ebefweg sa ade no. M'adamfo yi wo sika sen yen nhina. -
Metumi maye sen nea wosusuw no. Fwe, osetie ye sen afgre-
VQ na asSye kyen adwennini srade. Aburokyiri ag} 7 e din sen
nsase-kese anaft a aka no nhina.
Vocabulary.
so
to be large
tumi
strength, power
aba
kernel: fruit
aforebo
offering, sacrifice
cjpanyiii
an elderly man
gye diii
to become promi-
Goliat
Goliath
nent
ka
to remain
srade
fat; grease
aka me
imp . I am left
odwennini
ram
tow poi'i
to lay a table, to
Aburokyiri
Europe
give a banquet
dodo
very much
nfwiren
flowers
boro
to surpass
y aso
to hearken, to
as5ye
hearing, atten-
pay attention
tion
1 ) concerning its size
2 ) another verb to express a comparatively large number.
33
XVT.
Adverbs.
1) Adverbs are words modifying a verb.
2) As there are no real prepositions in the Tshi-language, some
nouns and verbs are used in an adverbial manner to show the
relation between the different parts of the sentence.
3) There are Adverbs of time. Adverbs of place and Adverbs ol
manner.
I. Adverbs of time.
1)
eb^re 1 )
time
11)
afei
now
2)
adekye
in the morning
12)
sese
this moment
3)
adesae
in the evening
13)
dedaw
already
4)
onntj
to-day
14)
pivko
,at once
~>)
nnansa yi
in these days.
15)
ntem
quickly
nowadays
16)
amonom ho ara on the spot.
6)
nnano
the other day
immediately
7)
nnera
yesterday
17)
akyi; akyiri
after; behind
8)
okyena
to morrow
18)
da da
always
9)
dakye bi
hereafter
19)
dabidabi
a long time since
10)
oto dabi a
sometimes
20)
ara
continually
Exercise.
Na eduu amYummere no 2 ) n'asuafo no koo mpoano, -
Nncra dQn a etoso ason na atiridii no gyaa no. ^- Sg obi nam
awia a, ouhintfw. Eno akyi no osee wgn se: monsaii ukg
1 ) "ebere" with the postposition 'so' or 'mu\
2) "no" signifies here the definite article referring to tBe
word "gbere" time, which is understood having become an
Adverb of time.
___ 34
mo kiirom.' -- Mpou ahe na woakosra wo nua yarefo no? -
Meko ho nnakoro-nnakoro. Enne anopa yi mesoree ntemntom.
Ed mi anadwofa no na nnipa ho hu nti woatoto apou mu. Da
a edi nnawotwe kan anopatututu no na obaa oda no ho. Ksos<j
woba me nkyeii amouom ho ara. Me tee sa asom yi dabidabi.
Eto dabi a meda ntem. Ne kankyerekyere no oscso woko asu
ansa na l ) cno akyi woabesiesie 2 ) odan no mu. Awurade
adifl fi tete nterede. Wufi tete akyirikyiri kosi dakyS akyiri-
kyiri yo Onyame. Mpr^mprefi ara na metee so m'agya aka
babi. Awurade a wiase ahenni ye ne de no na obedi hene
da da. Ototo won ano awia ne anadwo.
Vocabulary.
au ummere
evening
to pou mu
to close the door
mpoano
seashore
anopatututu
early in the
atiridii
fever
morning
hinthv
to stumble
oda
grave
mpon ah? ?
how often ?
ne kank3*ere-
first of all
sra
to visit
kyere no
oyarefo
a sick person
siesie
to bring in
nnakoronnakoroon single days
order
SQre
to rise
adifi
manifestation
anadwofa
night
tete nterede
anciently
ehu
fear
tete, akyirikyiri
of old
di hene
to reign
mprempren ara
immediately
tot5 ano
to accuse
ka babi
to expire
"ansa na"-conjunct. "before"
The consecutive form of the verb is introduced by the particle
"na" and formed with the prefix "a" like the perfect, but
with different tone.
xvir.
2. Adverbs of place 1 ).
1. ase
down, under
7. anim
2. ..-so*}
on, upon
8. akyi
3. emu-)
among; within
U. atif i
4. ehd-)
at, near, about
10. iikyeii
5. ano
on, at along
11. agya
6. ani
on, upon, over
12. ntam
in front of, before
behind, after
above
by Hie side of
beyond
between
Exercise.
Wofaa no ytjii nkyijn koo soro. -- Worti bepoiwl no no.
slan koe bio. Xtoin ara na obonto no dim asase a woreko so
no so. Nkiirofokuw bebre gyinagyina po no agya. Obea
bi baa ne nkyori so: Bu nten g3 T e me me tamfo nsam'. .-. Nnipa
bebre pa 3 ) na ete sa kurow yi mn. Yeagyaw ade nhina na
yijabedi wo akyi. Oberoo neho ase yet' osetie de-kosii 4 ) wu
inn. Akyiri yi \voii mil biako baa otic besuu ne wura ukuro-
fo no anim. Wodnu won anim kakra no wohui se oku ki_-se
bi da wont-'i kurow no ntani. Otutnii mmirika koo ne na
l ) These Adverbs serve also as postpositions
-) The prefix 'e' of these 3 particles is usually dropped: at the
head of a sentence however it is retained.
3 ) "pa" is to be considered as an Adverb of manner to express
a high degree.
4 ) "kosi" = (till) a prepositional verb employed to indicate rela-
tion of time.
:> ) "wonn'' by contraction, instead of "won ne"
3G --
iikyen kosBroo no uhoma. Wunni as<jm bi a wubebua wo \vu
akyi ana? Xno ho mfaso titiriw a ycwo ne so 3 r edi. Abiiro-
kyiri asase ani yo, fe s. Aburokyiri yc asase a oso infra -
ma ye. Ode no kogyinaa 1 ) asorefl ano atifl. Onyamesom
ho wo mfaso wo nneoma nhlna mn.
Vocabulary.
osoro
heaven
sere
to ask
obonto
boat
uuo
oil
ukiirofokuw
a multitude of
mfaso
profit
people
titiriw
principal :
bu Jitcn
to decide a case.
adv. chiefly
to give sentence
mframa
wind
sye
to release.
asoreti
temple
to save
okii
abyss
su
to weep
onyamesom
godliness,
tu mmirika
to run. to hurry
worship of God
xvm.
3. Adverbs of manner. (I)
1. ntem
quickly
8. mpo, po
even
2. ubiu
to one's assistance
9. de
concerning
3. sa, se
thus
10. gye
except, safe
4. saara
just so
11. kora
entirely ;
5. koinrri
quietly
neg. not at all
6. nko, nkuto
only
12. ara
even
7. nso
also
A ) Euphonical reasons do not allow to write" kogyinaa".
Exercise.
Me m;>o migye midi so 1 1 woyo no sa a. mi oh.jyo yiyc.
So \voka sa ]m a. nea minim ara ne so onte sa. Wode ui'io
uso .sa nnyarewa Iiorow. Kho mfaso l)i a oso nso no so woton.
Kho int'aso titiriw ne so wode gugu won mtiri horow no am na-)
annyi;ye ukannare. <Jhoo ne tirim so ommii onnidi ne poii so
na minom obey! ne uko aduan ama uo ne pon. Mi.se mo so.
Mo de, ininnira nea mart. Ne boj^yese ma ne ne ho ulfma ayo
potij. Me tee sa asom no. no na mef\Voo komm. Oyi so
oyoo no fo saara. Osee no so: Sc opo a. untou I no I ara. -
Xe kramaii no anaii nso na emit mihui so onso. Kan no \vo-
fwoo woi'iho aniin komm. Oboyoo me adwuma bi abia. Kvi
akyi ai'inkyo kora nn oxvni. Wamma me nsu konl mannom.
"\Vi_i .'i I'lliisift koo atYihvo iid .ise <;\ r e me no me ne nna nko.
Vocabulary.
tm'i
afiri
to soil
to pour
maoliini'
bogyese
lie ho ayo
gyijrvo
to meddle with
okraman
nka n n a re
ru>t
,_-kyr
mniom
rather
ai'inkyo
the beard
he is over and over
dirty
dog
a while ago
not Idii; after
to take our
a tab v
festival
XIX.
3. Adverbs of manner (II.)
1. so very much 3. fa nil
2. pa. papapa well, very well 4. kitikiti
distinctly
desperately
1 ) the particle 'so' introducing a conditional sentence can be
ommitted: but the following particle 'a' is absolutely necessary
2 ) The negative consecutive form.
38
5. teta, kwa merely, nothing.
but
6. pe, popepe exactly
7. ampa, verily
ampd ara
8. ebia perhaps
9. dabiarada
never
10. nokware(m).
really
cwom
11. dodo, pi
much
12. kakra,
a very little
kakra bi
Exercise.
Ampa ara, wone Israel hene. Asem a woreka yi worn na
akyinnye biara nniho. Ampa ara, onipa yi ye onipa trene.
Dua yi aba ye de se. Adwuma a woaye yi nhina yo okwa. -
UyCG adwuma a mekj r eroe no no pepepo. (Jkaa sa no na wode
won nan pempem fam kitikiti. Dabon na woboko Abflrokyiri?
Ebia nnawotwe betwam' ansa na mako. Eremma sa dabiarada.
Awerehow kese bi aka no nokwarem. Abofra yi kyeree asem
no iihlna mu faun. Opanyin yi po m'agya asem dodo. Woko
fie a, mikyia wo yere papapa. Ne ho te den nne anopa yi?
Ne ho ye kakra bi. Nokware mise mo se: (Jrenko mu kora. -
Me ne me fi de, yebesom Yehowa. So woyare (ana?) Dabida,
menvare. na mmom mabSre st}.
Vocabulary.
akyinnye doubt
tv^am'
to pass
trene just;
a^erehow
T am befallen with
righteousness
aka me
grief
pempem to knock at
kyia
to salute, to give
som to serve
compliments
39
XX.
Conjunctions.
1 1 A conjunction is a word joining either two words or two
sentences.
2) The conjunctions joining two words are the following:
one; ne = and
ana, anaso = or
6 ... 6 = whether . . or
3) The conjunctions joining two sentences are:
na and, but, yet gye so except that
nit because efise; esiane
nanso but, notwith- i so,)... nti beoause
standing snani na just as
arika eventually ansa na before
enti: cno nti therefore tjnyo iiko . . not only ..
jnna then nanso but also
onde then efi *o since
Execrise.
One no boo nkoramo ansa na okoe. Mudidi 6, monom 6,
monyo ne iihina nhyc Awurade anuonyam. So ofiwura nim
don ko a owifo boba a, anka obewen. Monnfwefwe nea mobedi
ana nea mobenom. Enua atiridii no gyaa no. Eno na wodii
inmuuda na wobgo mpae. Mig\ r e midi se anka obeba nne.
nanso wamma. WurennySi kwan nnko wo kurom' gye se
woaye w'adwuma ansa. Senea w'adwuma te no saara nso na
w'akatua te nen. Meka no sa efisc woye anihaw papa.
Esiane w'anihaw dodow nti na ema meka no sa. Ende na
nea opp no na ohu no mmobo nso. -^ Anuonyam a mewo
4(1
ansa na wiase woho no, fa hyo me. Knna won mu hinnin so:
F\vo sonea odo no. So vote ase 6, so yewu o. yoyo Awurade dea.
Vocabulary.
bo nkommo to converse di abuada
hyo anuonyam to glorify bo mpae
ofiwura houselord akuata
owifo thief anihaw
hu mmobo to have mercy upon te ase
wu to die
to fast
to pray
payment
laziness
to live
Part II,
43
I. Salutations and their replies.
Good morning, Sir
R.
Good afternoon, Mara
R.
Good evening
E.
Welcome !
Good-bye
Farewell !
R.
R.
Good night!
Sleep well!
Godspeed!
R.
I congratulate you
Thank you
I offer you my sympathy
Good day
R.
In approaching to a house
R.
owura makye.
dueneawo; y'agya; y'ena;
ya onua; ya aberaw.
awura, maha.
duenewia; ya afi; ya adwo;
ya bena.
mema wo adwo ;
dueneiiwini 6; ya anenewa;
ya ayisi.
akwaba !
makra wo; minnyaw w'ase;
meko maba.
nantew yiye; iikye; iikyer'o!
yo nantew yiye 5.
mema wo nnopa; nnop'o;
me nnop'o.
da yiye; monna yiy'o.
kitam'; monkitara'!
mifua no; yefua no.
wo tiri nkwa! mo! mo!.
woaye ade!
me ti da ase.
due; bye den;kose; darekana!
ahyia.
ahyiahyia.
ago!
ame!
44
Good appetite kitam'; nko yiye.
mifnara'; woato me; me m
worn'.
On the way already! adikan;
akyiri e?
II. Expressions of Politeness.
I am very glad to see you oh! wuni!
How do you do? woho te deu?
I am very well meh5 ye pe se (papapa).
How is your father? (w'agyae); w'agya ho te den?
He is not quite well neho nye no den yiye.
He is ill oyare.
Give ray compliments to him woko a, mema no akye; woko
a, mikyia no.
I am still in your debt nnano meda wo ase.
I am very thankful for that meda wo so ase pi.
I cannot thank you enough niintunii menna wo ase da.
Accept my warmest thanks mifi me koma nhina mu meda
w'ase.
f thank you for the orange meda wo akutu no so ase.
He thanked him most heartily oyii tie yam daa no ase pi.
I am much obliged to you meda - ase. meda ase.
You are very kind wo yam ye dodo.
You are most kind wo yam ye papapa.
What amends shall I make you? roinhu nea mede betua wo so ka .
Thank you, I shall not do it meda-ase, merenye.
I thank you very much, Sir owura, raeda-ase papapa.
45
You are most kind wo yam ye se asu.
He is benevolent gye odefoo.
Pray let me have this hook mesre wo se fa sa nhoma yi
ma me.
Allow me to have this hook ma me kwaii na memf'a sfi
iihoma yi.
If you please .... se wo pe a . ., me pa wo kyew.
By your leave se woma me kwan a ...
Please send me that hook mesre wo se ma womfa sa
nhoma yi manfi me.
Will you do me a favour so wobedom me ana?
"Way T take the liberty? so mewo ho kwau se . . .?
T berj your pardon mepa wo kyew.
Have pity on me liii me mmobo.
Please have patience with me to wo bo ase ma me; nya
koma ma me.
Will you render me a service? so mesre wo biribi kakra-ye a
wokyi ana?
T>o yon agree? so wopene so ana?
Yes, 1 consent yiw. mapene.
They all agreed won uhina apene so.
1 have nothing against it minni ho asem biara.
Depend upon me fa woho to me so; gye me di.
No, that will never happen dabi, eremma sa da
By all means eye den ara a.
By no means erenye ara da.
Not at all dabida;entesakora;emmasada.
Do not object to it ntu rn'ano nnu.
Don't refuse my request mmpo m'adesre.
40
Hnve you an3'thing against it ? so wowo ho asem bi?
I will give permission this time biako yi de, tnema ho kwau.
It does not please me enso m'ani.
It does not concern me emfa me ho; memfa ho.
It is impossible eremraa sa.
It does not depend upon me emfi me.
He has refused it
There is a knock
Somebody is knocking
Go and see who it is
Open to us
Which is Mr. A's room?
Can I see Mr. A?
My name is B.
wampene ; wapo.
wobo pon akyi.
obi bo pon akyi.
ko na kofwe nea owoho.
behle yen.
owura A. wohe?
so owura A. wo fie ana?
wofre me B.
Who is knocking at the door? ehena na obo pon akyi?
It is Mr. B. eye owura B.
Ask him to come in koka kyere no se ommera.
Walk in, Sir owura, bera odan mu.
Lead the way if you please mepa wo kyew se di kan.
Please to go before, I will mesre wo se di kan n:i inin-
f'ollow you ni wo akyi.
After you, Sir owura, wo na di kan.
T hope I do not intrude so enye ohaw na mehaw
By no means, I am glad
to see you
It is very kind of you to
come and see us
Won't you sit down?
wo yi ?
dabi, eyi de enye fwe ;
eye m'anigye se woaba.
eye se woabesra yen.
47
Pray take a seat
Please sit down
I cannot make a long stay
I must go
What! Will you leave us
already ?
You have but just come!
I must go home
You are in a hurry
Why are you in such a hurry?
1 have a good many things to do
I am afraid of being late
I have business on hand
I hope I shall soon see you
again
flood bye
Please present my compliments
to your brother
wope a, tra ase; gye agua e.
mepa wo kyew setra asekakra.
merennkye.
ese se meko.
so woko ara ni?
wobae ara ni !
ehia'se meko fie.
wope ntem dodo.
edeu nti na wope ntem se?
adwuma a egu me so doso.
'nye na menkoka akyiri.
mewo adwuma bi ye.
e} r e me se ennkye na mahu wo.
makra wo.
ma wo nua akve ma me.
III. Time.
To day; to night
This evening
This morning
In the morning
Very early in the morning
At midday; at noon
In broad daylight
In the afternoon
At midnight
enne; anadwo yi ara.
anadwofayi; annwummere yi.
enne anopa yi.
adekyee; anopaherna,
anopatututu; akokoboiie
awia ; owigyinae.
awia kete.
betwabere ; t
odasum; anadwo koukou.
48
In the morning and evening
To-morrow
To-morrow morning
To-morrow evening
Last night
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Next week
Last week
This day week (on Monday)
This day fortnight
Next Wednesday
It is three weeks since
Ten days ago
For six months past
Sometimes
Day by day
A week ago
A fortnight hence
This day year
Next Sunday week
Yesterday fortnight
To-morrow fortnight
Every third day
Every week
Every month
Every year
A year hence
adekyee ne adesae.
okyena.
okyena anopa.
okyena annwummere.
nne anadwo yi.
nnera.
enne nnansa ni.
nnawotwe a ereba yi.
nnawotwe a atwam yi.
da se nne (Dwo).
enne dadu-nnanum.
okyena Wuku yi.
nnawotwe abiesa ni.
dadu ni.
asram asia ni.
eto dabi a.
dabiara.
nnawotwe ni.
enne nnawotwe ahien.
afe ne nne; enne ai'e biako.
da se okyena Kwasi.
nnera nnawotwe abien,
okyena nnawotwe abien.
nnansa nnansa; nnansa biara.
da nnawotwe; nnawotwe-nna-
wotwe.
da osram ; osram-sram.
da afe; afe-afe.
afedan sese; afe ni.
49
In all my life
The other day
About that time
Within this week
Within these last days
At the right time
The tenth of April
What time is it?
It is not very late
It is getting late
The sun is just rising
The day is breaking
At daybreak
It is hardly day
It is broad daylight
The sun rose a good while ago
The sun is already very high
I hope you will not travel
during the heat of the day
The night is drawing near
-It will soon be dark
It is getting dark
The sun has set
He came at midnight
The moon is rising
The moon shines very brightly
They travel by moonlight
me nna nhina.
nimno; nnano bi.
ebeye sa here no mu.
sa nnawotwe yi mu.
nnansa yi ntam.
bere pa mu; here a ese mu;
bere ano.
April da a etoso du.
bere ben ni?
ade nsae e; ensaree kora e.
ade reye asa;
owia repue.
ade reky.
adekyee.
ade nwiee kye e; ade nkyee
yiye e.
ade akye kora.
owia puei akye.
owia ako aoro kora.
m'ani da so se worentu kwaii
awia kete yi.
ade reye asa,
erenkye na esura aduru.
anim rebiribiri.
owia ato.
obae odasum.
osram repue.
osram apae fefefe.
wonam sram so.
50
The moon is full
We have the new moon
It is the first quarter
The stars begin to shine
I am writing to you in the
dead of night
What o'clock is it?
Tell me what time it is
I don't know exactly
Then look at the sun
It is twelve o'clock
What hour do you say it is?
It is exactly 1 by my watch
It is just one o'clock
It is not yet one o'clock
It is past one
It is ten minutes past 1
It is a quarter past one
It is a quarter ^to two
It is half past eight
Ten minutes to eleven
Twenty four minutes
past seven
Twenty minutes to ten
It is very nearly two
osram atwa puruw.
osram awu.
osram afi.
nsoromma repuepue.
merekyerew wo odasurn.
don ben ni ?
kyere me don ko a abo.
minnim yiye.
en'de fwe owia.
nnoudumieii abo.
wose nnon ahe na abo?
me don abo donkoro pepepe.
eyi ansa na donkoro abo.
donkoro nnya mmoe e.
donkoro abo dedaw.
donkoro apaho simma du.
donkoro apaho simma dunum.
aka simma dunum na nnonahieu
abo.
nnonwotwe ne fa abo.
aka simma du na nnondubiako
abo.
aka simma asla na nnonson n^
fa abo.
aka simma aduonu na nnondu
abo.
akakakra-bi na nnonabien abo.
51
It it not quite four nnonnau mmoe e.
The cluck is too slow edoii no uko ntem.
The clock goes too fast edoii no ko ntem dodo.
What is to-day? nne ye da ben?
It is Sunday nne ye Kwasida.
When did it begin? here ben na efii ase?
This morning with sunrise anopa yi a owia puei no.
And when will it end? na here ben na ebetwam'?
This evening when the sun sets (sa) anadwofa yi a owia heto no.
Seven days make a week nnat'ua ason na eye dapen.
The names of the days are nnat'ua ason no din na edidi so
thefollowing: Sunday, Mon- yi: Kwasida, Dwoda, Bena-
day, Tuesday, Wednesday, da, Wukuda, Yawda, Fida,
Thursday, Friday, Saturday. Memeneda.
Thirty days make a month and nnafua aduasa na eye osram
twelve months make a year na asram dumien na eye afe.
IV. AGE.
How old are you? woadi mfe ahe?
1 am of your age mene wo ye tipen
You are very old woanyin papa.
I am not old minnyini pi e.
You are older than I woanyin sen me; wosen me
panyin.
What is your brother's age? wo nua adi mfirihyia ahe?
How young you are! wonnya nnyini e!
I am twenty madi mfirihyia aduonu.
AI}* birthday is to-day midi m'awoda nne.
I congratulate you wo-tiri iikwa.
T shall be thirty next Christ- bfironya a ereba yi na tnedi
mas mfirihyia aduasa.
How old would you take me wosusuw se madi mfe ahe?
to be?
He begins to grow old oreye abo akora; oye afuw
dwen; wafi ase rebo akora.
He has lived to a great age wanyiii papapa.
He lias grey hair ive li afuw dwen.
Is your father still living? w'agya daso te ase ana?
He must be very old, I inisusuw se wanyin pi.
suppose
He seem to be well on in eye me se wanyiii pi.
years
You look older than I w'anim kyere se woseii me
panyiii.
V. Weather.
How is the weather to - day? wim te deii nne?
It is fine weather wim atew.
The sun is rising beautifully owia repue fefefe.
The sun appears behind the owia repue amunuiikum no mu.
clouds
The sun shines owia hyereii.
It is a sunny day owia ano ye-deii.
The moon shines
It is full moon
It is night
It is dark
The sun has just set
The sky is very clear
It is cloudy
It is foggy
The sky is dull
The air is heavy
It is going to rain
It has begun to drop
It pours
The rain has ceased
The way is muddy
It is very windy
The wind has ceased
It is hot
osram apa>.
osram atwa korokiima.
ade as a.
anim abiri.
owia rekoto ara ni.
ahuimm atew kora.
omununkum asi.
omununkum woho.
wim aye kusu.
anim aye kusu.
osu reba.
afi ase soso.
osu refwie.
osu atew; osu no agyae to.
ok wan no so ye tan.
raframa bo papapa.
mt'rama no agyae bo.
ahohuru aba.
meho ye me hyew.
I am warm
I am perspiring very much men* fifiri pi.
I am quite wet mafow kora.
We shall have a thunderstorm opranna bebora ; ahum rebetu.
It lightens anyinam pa.
Look at those heavy black fwe sa omununkum tuium yi.
clouds
The thunder roars opranna bobom.
I hear the thunder mete opranna mmobom.
A thunderbolt has struck a opranna asi dua bi mu.
tree
The sky begins to clear ahuumu afi ase retew.
The thunderstorm is over ahum no agyae tu.
The air has become cool wim aye wiridudu.
My feet are very cold me nan ho ye me nwininwini-
iiwini.
What a beautiful rainbow! ao, nyankonton yi ye fe pi 1
The rainy season is coming on asusow rebetne.
It is cold awow woho.
It hails asukotwea gu; amparowbo to.
The air is wonderfully clear ewira atew kora.
The streets are very wet enne abonteu so afow kora.
to-day
The ground is wet fam' afow.
The rain has wet my osu afow me ntama.
clothes
I do not feel cold at all awow nne me kora.
Do you feel cold? awow de wo ana?
It is very dirty out of doors atekye pi wo abonteu so.
In the rainy season the Akyem se osu toto a, atekye ba Akyem
roads are very muddy akwan so bebre.
The wind comes from the east mframa no fi apuei.
The wind is abating more and mframa no regyae bo iikakra-
more nkakra.
It drizzles osu to nwesenwese.
A heavy shower is coming osu kese reba.
It is beginning to rain osu afiti ase reto.
It rains in torrents osu to wo.
It is not likely to cease raining eye se osu no rennyae to.
It has rained a great deal this osu kese ato enne anopa yi.
morning.
Has it left off raining entirely? so osu no atew kora?
I am excessively hot me ho huru me dodo.
Let us go into the shade ma yenko nwinim'.
He is sitting in the shade ote dua hi nwini aae.
of a tree.
The sun is very hot owia asi fam.
I do not like to walk in the mempe se menantew owia ano.
sun
VI. At Market.
Where are you going to? ehe na woreko?
I am going to market mereko guaso.
What do you wish to buy? den na worekoto?
You have bought it too dearly wotoo no abooden dodo.
We have bought it very cheaply yeanya no fowfow kora.
It is very cheap eye fow papa.
Have you bought anything? so woanya biribi ato?
How much a pound? na pound (karibo) biako ahe?
What is the price? ahe? ne bo ahe?
It cost me two shillings metoo no siren abieu.
At what price will you sell it? na wuse woreton a wode
begye ahe?
5G
I will sell it for one shilling mede megye siren ne takufa.
and sixpence
Have you sold your sheep? so woaton wo guau no?
No, I shall not sell it dabi, merentou no.
You would gain nothing by it woton no a, wurennya ho ffte.
What do you sell? eden ade na woton yi?
I sell eggs meton nkesua.
I will not buy any but se eye kesuamono a, enna
fresh ones meto bi.
How many for three pence? ahe sempowa?
That is too dear ne bo ye defi dodo.
Sell them a little cheaper tew me so kakra.
Four are not enough, give me anan nnoso. fa biako to so;
one more (to me so biako).
No, unless you add two more dabi, gye se wode abien to so.
Alright, give me the money osempa, tua me kaw preko na
at once that I may go home menko fie.
Have you some fowls? so menya nkoko bi mato?
Yes, there are some at home yiw, ebi wo fie.
Are they full grown? so woanyinyin ana?
Well, bring me one of them vvie, here me biako okyena (na
mento).
How much for it? wode no begye ahe?
I charge two shillings migye wo siren abien.
Then I will not buy it sa de a merento.
Say a cheaper price tew so kakra.
It is as I said before
No, it is not so
I shall give you one shil-
ling and three pence
Take it for one shilling
I shall pay you if you like
This fowl is too lean
This fowl is not heavy at all
Nobody sells his fowl with-
out a reason
I have paid too much
Give me a little more and
pay two shillings
I beg your pardon, this is
too little
That is quite enough ; do
you consent?
Have you none?
No, I have none
Have you counted all the
fowls there are in the yard?
How many are there?
Two are missing
None are missing
They are all there
Shall I take one to the cook?
Not to - day, but to - morrow
se ruekae lean no, se mise ara neu.
dabi, ente sa.
mema wo siren biako nc sem-
powa.
gye na ma me siren biako.
wope a, metua wo ka.
sa akoko yi unoe e.
sa akoko yi ye hare dodo,
obi nton n'akokobere kwa.
mato kora.
bera w'anim kakra na ma
me siren abien.
eye sa a, na woafa me.
se mema ara nen ; wopene ana ?
so wunni bi?
dabi, minni bi.
woakan nkoko a ewo adiwo ho
no nhina (so woabu won
ano) ana?
ahe na ewo ho? wosi ahe?
minhu abien ; aka abien.
enkaa bi e.
won nhina ni.
so memfa biako nkoma kuku?
ennye nne, ma enye okyena.
58
VII. At Home and Abroad.
Where are you going to?
I am going to A.
These children are going
to school.
Do not go there!
I must go to see my friend
I am going home
"We shall go there to - morrow
Let us go !
Go quickly!
Be off!
Has he gone away?
He will not go away
I shall go with you
Go to the right
Go to the left
Go straight on
The road is downhill
Let us pass here!
I saw him passing
Where do you come from?
I come from my garden
You did not come yesterday
I came here for this purpose
You came just in time
ehe na woreko?
mereko A.
sa mmofra yi reko suku.
nko ho!
esese mekohu m'adamfo anim.
mereko fie.
yeheko ho okyena.
ma yeiiko!
kg ntem!
fi ha kg!
so oko nni?
oreuko.
mene wo beko.
ko nit'a.
kg henkum.
kg w'anim te.
gkwan no sian (anase) si ne
ti ase.
ma yemfa ha!
mihuu no se gretwam'.
ehe na wufi yi?
mifi me turom'.
wamma nnera.
eyi nti na mebaa ha.
woaba here ano pepepe.
I come from home mifi fie na mebae.
I have just come back mereba ara ni.
When will you come to bere ben na wobebaabesra yen?
see us? yen nsra?
Ah, you have arrived! ei, eyi na moaba?
We have just arrived yeredu ara ni.
We arrived in time yebedu bere ano.
Has he not oome back yet ? so onnya mmae e ?
We do not know when he yennim bere ko a obesau aba.
will return
Come in if you please se wope a, bgra.
Let the gentleman come in ma opanyin no nsi dan mu.
Are you going home so soon? woreko fie .ara ni?
He has just gone out wafi adi mprempreu.
I have not been out for a nnawotwe abien ni meiikoo
fortnight baw (babi) da.
I shall not go out all day enne meremfi adi kora.
I have sent you me na masoma wo.
I will compel you to do it mehye wo ma woaye.
Do your duty! ye w'adwuma; ye nea wunim;
ye nea esese woye!
He is acquainted with his duty onim n'adwuma (ano pe) yiye.
Obey your parents! tie w'awofo asem!
Never be disobedient! nye asooden da!
I obey your orders metie ebiara a wobeka.
Shall we go and take a walk? wobetna yeako mpase?
With all my heart! ma yenko e!
Let us call for your brother ma yeiikofre wo nua.
As you please senea woara wope.
Come let us go! bera na yefiko!
Which way shall we go? ehe na yebefa ?
Whichever way you please babiara a wobekyere me.
It is a very pleasant walk enne nante(w) yi ye de se.
This place is really charming ampa ara, eha ye fe.
Let us rest a little! ma yenhome kakra!
I feel very tired mabere pi.
Let us return ! ma yensan !
We are going wrong yeafom kwan.
It does not matter; we shall ennye biribi; yebema yen
walk a little faster anaii so kakra.
Did you sleep well? sowodaayiye?
I slept wonderfully well medae hate.
I did not sleep at all manna korakora.
Go and bring me some water ko na kosaw nsu kakra here me.
Pour the water into that basin fwie nsu gu sa kuruwa yi mu
for me to wash my face ma memfa menhoro m'anim.
There is no water left in the nsu pere se nni tumpaii no mu
bottle with which to rinse a mede bepusuw m'anom.
my mouth
Where is the soap? samina no wohe?
It is lying on the table eda pon no so.
I want a towel to dry my hands mepe mpopaho mapopa me nsa.
This looking-glass is dirty sa afwefwe yi anim aye fi.
Wipe it popa anim.
Give me a pair of scissors bere me akape.
01
I want to cut my nails
What coat will you put on
to-day?
The one I had on yesterday
Brush it well
Where are my shoes?
They are under the bed
Are my boots cleaned?
Brush the dust off my boots
mepe se mebubu m'awerew.
soro-atade ben na wobehye nne ?
nea mehyee nnera no. .
pra ani yiye; tu so yiye.
me nsepatere wohe?
ewo mpa no ase.
woat wi(w) me nsepatere(ho)ana?
prapra me nsepatere ho tu-
tuw no.
yiw, owura. misua.
nnahe ni a wufi siiaa
resi kasa?
Enyi-
For six months
That is a very short time
VIII. The English Language.
Do you learn English? so wosua Enyiresi kasa?
Yes, Sir, I do
How long have you learned
English?
asram as la ni.
eukye kora e.
Does your brother also under- so wo nua nso te Enyiresi kasa ?
stand English?
Can you speak a little? so wotumi kasa kakra?
Yes, Sir, I speak a little yiw, owura, mekasa kakra.
I understand almost all that aka kuma na mete asem biara
people say to me a woka kyere me ase.
Speak a little English with me wone me nkasa Enyiresi kakra.
You speak too fast wokasa harehare papa.
Speak a little slower, please se wope a, kasa nyl kakra
(anase) gowm'.
I find you have made much
progress
Tell me what that is called
in English
It is called ....
Very well -- and this?
I don't know
You see I do not know very
much yet
Your master told me that you
are studying- very well
He is quite contented with
you
Do you understand what I
say in English?
Tunderstandvery well, but I
cannot answer without
making mistakes
Do not allow yourself to he
discouraged by that
You should seek an oppor-
tunity of speaking English
frequently
I have opportunities, but I am
afraid of making mistakes
Learn a good many words
by heart
I will follow your advice
02
malm se woanya nkoso sai'iii.
kyeremesenea wofre eyi Enyi-
resi kasa mu.
wofre eyi se . . . .
wie na eyi e?
minnim.
woahu se minnya mimihuu pi e.
wo wura ka kyeree me se wo-
sua w'ade yiye.
n'ani so wo kora (woso n'ani
kora).
so wote nea mede Enyiresi
kasa meka no ase?
mete ase kora de, nanso min-
tumi meimka no kronii.
ramu eyi ntu wo abasam.
woye a, pe Enyiresi kasa ho
kwan.
minya ho kwan de, nanso
misuro se meye mfomso.
sua nsem bebre pa gu wo tirim.
mefa w'afotu.
IX. The Tshi Language.
Do you spoak Tshi? wote Tvvi ana?
I find it difficult eye me den.
I speak it very incorrectly mekasa de, nanso m'ano ntoo
so yiye,
I speak it very badly rnintumi menkasa yiye kora.
I can speak sufficiently to mitumi meka no ara senea
make myself understood obi bete ase.
I do not speak much Tshi menta TwI kasa.
I am not proficient in Tshi minnya menkoo so yiye e.
I have too little practice menta raenso meho men f we.
Such a language is only to wosua kasa a ete se yi a,
be learnt by much practice gye se wota kasa da.
I find it difficult to speak mahu se TwI kasa ye me den.
in Tshi
I am afraid of making blun- misuro se raeye okasa mu
ders in speaking mfomso pi.
I wish I had much opportu- auka mepe se menya kwau
nity to speak Tshi raakasa TwI da.
You must often converse with esese wone Twifo ta kasa
Tshi-people and hear them TwI na wotie won kasakoa.
speak
Speak Tshi to me kasa TwI kyere me; wone
me nkasa TwI.
L.et us speak nothing but Tshi mmayenkasa kasa biarase TwI.
My brother has mastered the me nua nim TwI yiye kora.
Tshi lanffuae-e
He speaks it as well as his okasa no se ne kfirona' kasa.
mother-tongue
He is conversant with the okasa Twi ne Enyiresi uhina.
Tshiand English languages
You express yourself clearly wokasa fanii.
You speak Tshi perfectly well woka Twi ma etee.
Where have you learuedTshi? ehefa na wosuaa Twi?
I learned it by myself meara na misuae.
How long have you been nnahe ni a wosuae?
learning ?
It is not long since nniinsa yi na mifii ase.
I am only a beginner eyi ansa na mifi ase.
I have been learning it abosom asia ni a mifii ase sfiae
only six months
It is very difficult to learn wosua kasa yi a. obre pi worn'.
this language
I take pleasure in this study mede anigye sua kasa yi.
What do you call that in Tshi? wofre eyi Twi kasa mu den?
What is the name of that in Enyiresi kasa mu eyi din de
English? deii?
I called him by his name mede ne din mefree no.
His name is ... ne din de . . .
X. An Englishman and a German.
Are you a German? woye Germani ana?
Yes, Sir, I am yiw, owura, meye Germani.
From what town of Germany wufi German kurow beu mu?
do you come?
I am a native of . . meye . . . ni.
05
I find that you speak English mahu se wokasa Enyiresi
very well krouu.
How long have yon been nnahe ni a wobaa Enlaud?
in England?
For six years rafrihyia asia ni.
I was four years in B. and raetraa B. mfe anau na raadi
two years in L. L. ha mfe abien.
So you are nearly naturalized woreye adan okuroni kora.
Do you like England? so wope Enland?
I like it very much mepe Eiiland papapa.
Perhaps you prefer living here? gyama wope eha-tra mmom?
You are mistaken, Sir dabi, owura.
"We love our country above yedo yen asase sen nsase a
all others aka nhina.
Have you travelled in G.? so woakyini G. . fo asase so?
Yes, Sir, I made a journey on yiw, afe a etwam' no mu mituu
the R. last year kwan faa asubonten R. so.
Did you not find those places so woanhu se eho nsase nhina
most beautiful? ye fe papapa?
Yes, Sir, they are magnificent ampa ara, owura, eso nni.
Formerly only English people kan no Enyiresifo nkuto na
travelled about G. wotu kwan kyinii G.
But now many Americans nanso afei de Amerikafo nso
are seen too ko ho.
Please come to see me some day eye a, besra me.
I live in P. mete P.
I accept your kind invitation mede anigye beba; osempa,
with pleasure
60
We will then talk more eno na yebeka G. ho nsem pi.
about G.
Good bye; I hope to see you makra wo; m'ani da so se
very soon enukye na mehu wo.
XI. House - keeping.
A. Morning.
Get up girls, it is already
six o'clock
First you must go for water
Then I will give you some-
thing else to do
R. dust all the things in
the sitting room and wash
the floor
Very well, shall I lay the
table then?
mmawa monsore; woabo nnon-
sla dedaw.
monko asu ansa.
afei niemii mo adwuma foforo
bi aye.
II. koprapra asaso nneema no
iihtna ho na kopopa fain ho.
mate; so mewie a, mentow
opon ana?
Yes, but do not; forget to put yiw, nanso mma wo were mmfi
the bread-knife at my place se wode bodobodo sekau
beto m'afa.
M. have you been for water? M. so woako asu?
Yes, I have just come back yiw, mereba ara ni.
You must now help in the etwa se woboa piam'.
bedroom
Sweep the room well and
pour fresh water into the
washing-basin
Then clean the lamp and see
that there is enough petro-
leum in it
pra odan no mu yiye na
fftie nsu gu kuruwa mu.
afei siesie kanea no na fwe
se nno (pi) worn' ana.
Afterwards you can brush
my husband's trousers
If there is a button missing
sew one on
While A. is making the bed
you must clean the windows
They look quite dirty
I think you forgot to do
this last time
Then you all may come to
morning prayers
B. Breakfast.
R. see if the cook has finished
If not, tell him to be quick
All is now ready
Call my husband; he is in
his room
Now let us say grace
We are very late to-day
I am very sorry, please ex-
cuse it, the cook burnt the
Ampesi and had to cook
some more
I cannot depend upon him at
all
He is too frivolous
eyi akyi no prapra me kunu
tros ani.
se button bi atew a. fa bi si
ho.
bere a A. resew kete no esese
wopopa afwefwe-mfensere
anim.
aye fi kora.
misusuw se nnano wo were
fii se woye.
afei mo uhma mraera anopa-
mpaebo.
R. fwe se kukuni (osodoni)
no awie aduau ana?
se oiiwie a, ka" kyere no se
onye ntem-ntem.
woawie ne nhlna.
fre owura; owo ne dan mu.
afei momma yemmo mpae.
yeaka akyiri nne.
tafrakye ; kuku no maa ampesi
no' hyew ase, na osau
noaa foforo bio.
mintumi memfa meho nto no
so kora.
oye adweuhare dodo.
P>8
Please give me a spoon
I have none
And I have no fork
Ah, I am sorry that those girls
do only half their work
Bow do you like the bread?
Its taste is very nice
R. give me another plate
Hero is one
But it is not clean
You must wash it
When did you break Mr. A's
cup?
Just now
Cannot you beg his pardon?
I beg your pardon, Sir
We must have a clean table-
cloth to-morrow
I will give you another one
Call all the girls to prayer
There are some chairs to
sit on
Where is M?
She is not ready yet
Tell her to make haste
bere me atere.
minni bi.
na minni adinam biara.
o. eye me yaw se mmawa no
ye won adwuma fa ne fa;
bodobodo yi ye wo den? bodo-
bodo yi, wudi a, ete deu?
eye de ampa.
E. fa prete (taforoboto) foforo
ma me.
ebi ni.
nanso emu nye.
san hohoro mu bio.
bere beu na woboo owura . .
tea-kuruwa no?
sesee ara.
so wopa no kyew a, wokyi?
owura, mepa wo kyew.
esese yesakra opon so ntama
okyena.
mem a wo foforo.
fre mmawa nhina ma womme-
ra mpaebo.
nkentennua bi woho a mobetra
so.
M. wohe?
onnya nwiee n'adwuma 6;
ka kyere no se onye ntem.
09
C. The forenoon.
M. you have not cleaned M. wonnya, ntwiw atrapoe e.
down the stairs yet
Do it quickly and then take ye no ntem na afei fa bhuae
the broom and sweep the pra abrana no so.
verandah
When you have done this, put se wowie a, fa konkiiro ne
the shovel and the broom aprae no sie nea eye.
in their proper places
A. why have you not put A. den nti na woamfa awowa
the brass-basin into the no ansi aguaredaii mil se-
bathroom as I told you? nea mekyeree wo no?
Do not forget it again mma wo were mfi bio.
Now tidy up the room afei siesie dan mu nneema
nhina pepepe.
At the same time look if there afei fwe se nsu (pi) wo dua-
is enough water in the lava- dan mu nafaaftere yi ko ho.
tory and take this cloth there
Tell the other girls to come ka kyere mmawa a aka no se
to me won nhina mmera me nkyen.
I will give them some sewing mema won biribi na woapam.
to do
There is ray husband's coat owura atade a asunsuane kora
which is badl} r torn bi woho.
At eleven o'clock two of you nnondubako bo a, esese mo mu
must go down to prepare banu si fara kowow fufu.
the fufu
I hope you will not forget mani daso se mo were remft
to clean the fufu-basin and se mobehohoro owoaduru no
stick mu ne owomma ano.
70
I do not, like to have to toll mempe so motl mo mu da.
you every clay
Cook! you have not a single kuku, wunni ogya biava kovfi
piece of wood in the wood- (wo) ogyadari mn.
store
You seem to be a lazy fellow eye me se woye onihafo.
Go at once and cut some ko ntem na kotwa bi.
Then kill a fowl and put it afei kurn akoko na fasigyaso.
in the pan to cook it
Take some water from the fwie nsu bi fi obohina no mu
filter and have dinner ready na siesie aduan ntem kosi
by half past eleven nnondubako ne fa pepepe.
First come up and knead woye a, bera befoto(w) asikre-
the dough siam ye bodo'bodo ansa.
I have already put some mede asikresiam no bi magu
flour into the pan asikresiam kuruwamudedaw.
Take care not to have too fwe yiye na woamma ogya no
large a fire or the bread annoso pi; eye sa a bodo-
will burn bodo no behyew.
D. At Dinner.
Now let us have dinner afei rna yenkodidi.
I am very sorry to say the eye me yaw se akoko no anwie
fowl is not very tender and ben na ntakara pi wo ho.
there are still many feathers
left on it.
Cook, why did you not be kuku, dennti ua woanfweantu-
more careful in dressing it? tu ne nhina yiye?
R. bring me some water R. ma me nsu.
First cloan my glass popa me tomere mu ansa.
Will you drink any wine?
No, thank }'ou
Take the wine-bottle away
Is there any dessert?
Yes, there are some oranges
and mangoes
Which do you prefer?
I like mangoes best
Change the plates and put the
dessert on the table
Clear the table and do not
break anything
Boys, wash the dishes and
dry them well
I will give you a fresh tea-
cloth
Tell the cook to clean all
the pots and pans he used
for cooking
Then he must boil some water
for coffee and bring it up
at half past one
But not more than half a
can full
Let the water for the coffee
boil well
R, when you lay the table for
coffee don't forget to put the
sugar basin and milk on it
so wobenom nsa kakra?
dabida, mennom kora.
fa usatumpan no ko.
aduan bi woho bio? (akyiri
aduau).
yiw, akutu anase mauo bi
woho .
emu nea ewohe na wope?
mepe mano yiye.
sakra mprete ua fa akyiri
aduan no si poii so.
yi nneemma nhina ko na
mmo mu biara.
mmofra, moiihohoro mprete
mu na mompopa mu yiye.
mema mo mpopaho foforo bi.
ka kyere kuku na onhohoro
nkuku ne nkaka a ode noaa
aduau no nhina mu yiye.
afei onnoa kafe-nsu ua omfa
mmera soro donkoro ne fa.
nanso omma emmoro kafe
kuruwa no fa.
ma nsu no nhuru yiye ansa
na wode atvva.
E,. se woreto kafe pon a, rama
wo were mfi se wode asikre
adaka ne nufusu besisi so
Now yon can go afei ko.
Come back at half past one san bera donkoro ne fa.
E. At Supper.
The rice is very well cooked wonoaa emo no yiye,
1 ara pleased that the cook eye m'anigye se knku no yee
did his duty n'adwuma yiye.
Usually this food is burnt ota ma sa aduan yi hyew.
This is a good salad eyi ye salat pa arapa
Where did you get it from? wunya fii he?
It grew in our own garden efi yen aukasa ara turom'.
A. bring us some bread A. bere yen bodobodo.
It is in the little chest near ewo chest ketewa a ewa pon
the door akyi no mu.
I want also a knife ehia me osekan nso.
I cannot cut it with my fingers mintumi mfa me nsatea ntwa.
I do not wish to see you again mempe se raihu wo se wofura
in your native dress ntama sa bio.
I wish you to wear trousers se wosom pon so a, hye wo
and coat when you wait tros ne wo kot.
at table
Call the cook, I have some- fre kuku na me wo asem bi
thing to tell him meka mekyere no.
YesSir, I will call him at onoe mate, mefre no mprempren ara,
F, Washing-day.
To-morrow we shall wash okyena yebehoro ade.
Therefore you must put all enti esese motion nneetna a abiri
dirty linen to soak tliis no iihina a.nadwofa yi.
evening
Go down and ask Mr . . ko i'ain na l^ere owura. . se
to give you his dirty linen omf'a. ne nneema a abiri
for the wash no iihina inraa wo.
Remind him particularly of kae no ne kamisa-iihyease
his under-linen titiriw.
Girls, you must now all go mmawa esese mo iihinit ko asu
for water that you can begin na monya ntem afi ase
early to-morrow morning okyena anopa.
Tell me how many shirts and kyere me kamisa ne sheets
sheets are to be washed dodow a esese mohoro.
I should like also to know mepe se anka mihu nsumi
thenumberof pillow-cases, nnuraho, kuntu ne mfensere
blankets and curtains ntama dodow a ewo mu nso.
Has Mr. . given you a list of so owura akyerew ne nnuku
his handkerchiefs and ne mpopaho dodow amawo?
towels?
Go down and begin washing monko fa,m nkofi adehoro ase.
I have put some soap into mede samina hi mato chest
this chest yi mu.
Use the big washing-tube and momfa adehoro top5 kese no na
take care of the copper- moiifwe awowa no so yiye.
boiler
If you do not chatter much se moaiikasa pi a, ebedu ana-
you will have finished by dwofa na moawie.
the eveninjr
74
If the weather be still fine okyena anopa se wim tew a
to-morrow, all the linen can mobehye adehoro no nhina
be blued in the forenoon burn anopa wiam' na moa-
and hung out in the hata no annwummere.
afternoon
Here ai*e 24 clothes-pegs adehoro nnuawa 24 ni.
Do not lose any monntow mu biara rikyene.
If it comes to rain, take in se osu reba a, yiyi nneeraa a
the dry things and bring awo no bera soro na L.
them up, then L. will begin mmefi adetow no ase preko.
ironing at once
Sprinkle the linen with water pete nneema no so nsu ansa
before you iron it na woatow.
L. call me before you begin, L. se wobefi ase a, fre me
that I may show you how ansa na menkyere wo senea
to fold the linen wobubu adehoro no.
This is a very particular eye adwuma titiriw bi a
thing for you to learn esese wusua.
Amongst the socks you will wobehu stokins bi a ntokuru
find some with holes in them worn' .
You must put them aside to esese wode gu babi na wo-
be darned nwene mu.
There is also a pillowcase na suminnuraho bi woho nso a
to be mended esese wopam.
Tell A. that it is her work ka kyere A. se on'a eye
n'adwuma.
I will give her a needle and mema no pane ne asawa na
cotton and show her how makyere no senea onye no.
to do it
The washing is to l>e ironed
to-day
Bring the washing upstairs
Put all things which are not
to be starched aside
Sprinkle some water on them
and fold them well
It is not well done
Do it again
It is not well folded
Do it like this
Now it is alright
You need not to put any
starch in the shirts
My dress must be starched
Where is the iron?
Clean it well; it is rusty
Have you brought some
fire-wood ?
A. you must look to the fire
Is the iron hot?
yes. it is quite hot
Now begin ironing
You must take this shirt and
iron it again
1 have done ironing
esese motow nneema no nne.
fa adehoro no bera abansoro.
fa nneema a wonh3 r e no starch
no nhina gu fako.
fa nsu kakra pete so na bo-
bo^) no yiye.
woannye no yiye.
bobo(vv) bio.
woammobo(w) no yiye.
bobo(w) no se.
afei de eye; afei na aye yiye.
enhia se wohye kamisa no
starch kora.
hye m'atade no starch.
adetow-dade uo wohe?
twi(w) anim yi} T e na nkannare
wo ho.
woako anyan aba ana?
A. wo na esese wokofwe ogya
no.
adetow-dade no ado ana?
yiw, ado kora.
afei fiti adetow no ase.
etwase wotowsa kamisa no bio.
mawie adetow afei.
-- 7G
This is badly ironed woantow eyi yiye.
Iron the drawers again tow ase-tros no bio.
Spread all the ironed linen kohata nwera a woatow no
out in the sun uhina owiara.'
The woolen things are to be kuntu nneeraa no de fa hata
spread in the shade onwinim.'
This collar is not stiff enough sa collar yi nye den yiye.
These handkerchiefs are fold- woabubu sa nnuku yi tetre
ed too broad dodo.
Lay Mr. . . socks aside, fa owura . . . stokins gu
they want darning fako, esese wonwene rau.
Do not forget to look after the woye a, mma wo were mfi but-
buttons and button-holes ton ne button ntokuru no.
When will you iron the rest daben na wobetow nwera a
of the linen? aka no?
XII. School.
A. Before going to school.
Is it not yet time to go to so suku-ko bere nnui e?
school?
No, it is half past six dabi, eye nnonsia ne fa.
Do you know your lesson? so woasua w'ade?
To be sure arnpa, misuae.
To-day I have learned my enne masiia m'ade pepepe.
lesson perfectly
I hope to get the first place m'anidaso se menya kan madi
to-day nne.
I know my verses by heart
from beginningtb end with-
out a mistake
Will you hear me?
Now it is time to go r we
shall be late
What o'clock is it?
It is a quarter to eight
It is half past seven
B. On ~the way to school
Let us call for K. when we
reach his house
Here we are at his house
Will you go upstairs?
I will wait down here
You had better come up with
me
Perhaps you will have to
wait a long time
Very well, let us go upstairs
(rood morning my friend
Are you ready?
I am not quite ready
Do make haste
Otherwise you will be late
Had you no time yesterday
to finish it?
masua me dftom magu me
tirim fi mfiasi kosi awiei a
menye mu m torn so hiara.
so wubetie me?
afei bere adu se yeko ; anye
sa a, yebeka akyiri.
nnou ahe na abo?
akasimma dunum na nnoiiwo-
twe abo.
nnonson nt'; fa abo.
se yedu'K. dan akyi a, ma
yeukofre no.
yeadu ne dan akj'i.
ko abansoro e.
metwen abau ase ha.
eye se wone me ko abansoro ho .
ebia wobegy.ina ha akye.
wie ; ma yenko abansoro .
m'adamfo makye.
so woawie woho siesie?
minwiee meho siesie e.
ka woho
anye sa a, wobeka akyiri.
so woannya bere nnera anwie?
No, I was out for a walk dahi, nnera mi'koo mpase.
I was too tired mebree se biribi.
Therefore you ought to have enti auka esese wosoro nteia
got up earlier this morning kakra enne anopa yi.
They did not wake me woannyan me.
When I have anything to do se mewfo biribi meye a, mauka-
I wake myself sa na minyan.
I have finished ray lesson inawie m'adesiia.
You have not written it cor- woankyerew no pepepe.
rectly
There are many mistakes in it emu wo mfomso bebre.
There is a time for everything biribiara wo ne here.
Let us now go quickly afei ma yenko ntem.
C. The Lesson.
\
The clock has struck don abo.
Let us begin. Let us pray momma yemfi ase; momma ye-
mmo mpae.
Have you learnt your lesson? so woasua w'ade? -
Say your catechism ka wo kyeresuasem.
We have not to repeat it today enye nne na wose yemmeka.
Well, then you will repeat it wie; en'de wobeka okyena.
to-morrow
Have you learnt your words? so woasua wo nsem?
Yes, I know them well yiw, minim no pepepe.
How can you say you know den nti na wuse: minim no
'them well? pepepe?
You do not know half of them wunnim ho fa po.
T thought I. knew them medwenee se mehu.
Learn them better now sua no yive afei.
I shall know them directly mehu no mprempreu ara a
without any mistake menye mu mfomso biara.
You do not look at your bookwonfwe wo nhoma mn kora.
at "all
Now it is right afei n'eye.
You are often very lazy wonta mmo mmoden yiye.
Take your translation fa wo ukyerease.
We will correct it now ; yebetwa mu mfomso.
I see that it is not well done mahii se moanye no yiye kora.
You must do it again for esese move/ no foforo kosi
okyena. "
so mensau I'ikaii sa kasafua
(nhyehyee) yi bio ?
yiw, fi ase bio.
K. wo nhoma wo he?
ewo me benkyi ase.
Take it up and put it before yi na fa to w'anim opon so.
you on the table
K. why are you chattering? K. den nti na wokasa?
Repeat what I have just ti nea makyerekyere mo
explained to you mprempreii no mu.
I did not hear it mante (kora).
That is the consequence of . w'aso a wonye so ade ni.
your being so inattentive
You will get a punishment wobetwe w'aso.
Please forgive me, Sir fa firi me, owura.
to-morrow
Shall I read this sentence
over again?
Yes, begin again
K. where is your book?
Under my form
80
I will be more attentive at'ei meye aso yiye.
in future
D.) A Writing Lesson.
I am anxious to begin my inepe se mifl kyerew ase.
writing-lesson
It is one of those which I ade a mepe titiriw no mu
like best biako neu.
I am glad to see you in eye m'anigye se mihii se
such good humour wukura su pa sa.
Your teacher is coming wo kyerekyerefo reba.
Save you any pens? so wo wo pen?
Here are several, but they bebre ni, nanso enye.
are not good
I will lend you a steelpen mefem wo pen-ntuano.
Fry this, it is fairly good, fa eyi kyerew f we ? eye kakra,
but a little too soft nanso eye ramerew papa.
I like a rather hard one mepe nea eye den mmom.
Here is another one suitable foforo a ebeye yiye ama wo
for you ni.
It is excellent eso ani.
Hold your pen better so wo pen mu yiye.
You must not hold it either nso mu nkyea no kora, nanso
too sloping or too upright mma enye kyerebenu.
Take care not to bent your fwe yiye na woso wo pen
fingers too much when mu a, woampd'no wo nsa-
holding the pen tea mu pi.
Is it right so? so ne sa ye?
Yes. you hold yonr pen cor- ylw, atVi woso \vopeu-duanm
rectly now. hut not your yiye, nanso woantra ase y iye.
body
How must I sit then? en'de montra use den?
You must sit straight .-with- esese wotra ase kyerebeiiii a
out bending your head on wouky<m wo ti nko ofa.
one side
You have told me these rules wohye me sa da, nanso me
several times, but I always were'ta fi.
forget them
With patience and perse-
verance you overcome
many difficulties
I see your ink is a little
too thick
wonam boaseto ne mmodenbo
so bedi nneema a eye deii
pi so nkonim.
mihfi se wo iukyi yi piwdodo.
What shall I do?
I will put some drops of
water in it
This ink is better
Take this inkstand
Where are your ruler and
your pencil?
men)-e den?
mede nsu kakra befra mn.
sa inkyi yi ye.
fa sa inkyi toa yi. ,
wo sensannua ne wo pensere
wo he?
T will rule some pages for mesensan kratafa bi mama wo.
you
You do not write straight wonkyerew ntee no.
I will ask father to give mesere m'agya na okyena wa-
me better paper to-morrow ma me iihoma (pepa) pa.
Then my writing will be better enaa me nkyerewe beye fe
asen yi. .
82
E). An Arithmetic Lesson.
Will you do a little Arith-
metic ?
Willingly, but do not give
me any difficult problems
Say the numbers from 1 20
Go on up to a thousand
Let us do a little addition
How many are 20 a,nd 6?
Subtract 50 from 150
Multiply 20 by 5
Divide 100 by 20
The quotient is five
Explain how this is done
How many pence make a
shilling?
A shilling has 12 pence
Tell me how many shillings
there are in a pound
Two hundred shillings are
how many pounds?
Ten pounds
Reduce fractions to the least
common denominator
The four rules of Arithmetic
so wobebu akonta kakra?
osempa, nanso mesre wo mma
meramu nea eye den biara.
kan ft biako kosi aduonu.
koso kan kosi apem.
ma yenye nkekaho kakra.
aduonu ne asia ye ahe?
yi aduonumfi oha aduonum mu ;
oha aduonum na mayi mu
aduouum ka ahe ?
fa anura ye aduonu ahorow ;
aduonu ahorow anum ye ahe?
fa aduonu kye oha mn ; adno-
nu kye oha?
okyenya ye anum.
kyere se woye no fa.
pence ahe na eye siren?
pence dumien na eye siren,
kyere me siren dodo a ewo
pound biako mu.
siren ahannu ye pound ahe?
eye pound du.
sakra mmubui na fwefwe din*
tofo a esua kora no,
akontabu ho mmara anati.
Nine is the multiple of 8
Interest account
Minuend
Subtrahend
The difference
The remainder
Multiplication-table
Multiplicand
Multiplier
Divisor
Dividend
Cipher
F.) A Sewing Lesson.
It is three o'clock
Come out on the verandah
to do some needlework
Girls, come upstairs
Wash your hands first
Now sit down on the benches
Some of you must sit on
the floor
You must take white cotton
This cotton is too thin
Hem it first
Take some of this
"Where is the black cotton?
Has each of you a thimble?
Now you must backstitch it
akron ye abiesa ahorowye.
mfentorn ho akontabu.
mfimfo.
oyifo.
nsonoe.
ukae.
ahorowye-pon.
ahorowyede.
ahorowyefo.
okyefo.
ukyemde.
akonta-agyirae.
nnouabiesa abo.
mommera abranna so mmepam
ade.
mmawa, mommera abausoro.
raonkohohoro mo nsa ansa.
afei montra benkyi no so.
mo rau binom ntra fam.
fa asawa fita.
sa asawa yi susuae.
bu ano kan.
fa eyi bi.
asawa tuntum no wo he?
mo mu biara wo timini ana?
afei wo no akyiriakyiri. (sfese)
You are making too big wopam no akese dodo.
stitches
You have sewn it crookedly uea woapam no akyea.
Undo it and sew it afresh yi na san pam bio.
Draw out the tacking cotton yi gyigye-asawa no.
Do not drop the scissors so mraa akape no nta ufwefwe
often or you will spoil them fam; woye no sa a, wobe-
see no.
Do not turn it in at the enhia se wobubu ntafa ano.
selvedge
I have lost my thimble me timini no ayera.
Try to find it kofwetwe bera.
Now learn to put a patch on afei sua senea wota otam mu.
Watch carefully how I do it fwe senea rneye no fa no yiye.
The cloth is very thick, so ntama no ye deii dodo, ne sa
you will want a thimble nti ehia wo timini.
You have not sewn jour woanta so ntama no mu aroma
patch on straight antee.
I do not like you to bring merape se mode aduan biara ba
anything to eat into the adepam.
sewing class
Do not drop any stitches mraa anwene mu biara ntonr.
There are four treble and eha woye pitipiti anan n
two holes alternately ntokuru abieri.
Be careful also with the fwe pitipiti no so yiye.
double crochet
Do not forget the loops at mraa wo were mfi se wobesi
the end ano pow.
Yon crochet too loosely wonwene no paupau dodo.
85
I have never done any ineiinwene ade da.
crocheting
One makes a button-hole senea woye button-tokuru ni.
like Ibis
Do as I do ye no senea meye no.
One button is still missing aka button biako wo ha.
Sew it on at once si button yi preko.
Crochet evenly and tightly nwene no pepepe n6 pete.
This will be an insertion for a eyi beye sum! ho ade na eyi
cushion and this is an edging nso bej'e adeiiwene.
Here is a new pattern for you nfweso foforo hi ni.
Count the stitches carefully kan nnua no iilrina pepepe ansa
before you begin na woafiti ase.
Put your needlework always fa w'adwuma no tonea ehotew.
on a clean place
Yon may learn knitting now afei mema wo kwau na woasua
adeuwene.
Here is some easy needlework adwuma a enye den kora bi ni.
You may knit a duster mema woanwene ntama a wo-
de popa nneema ho.
Take two needles and this fa pane abien ne kuntu asawa
wool, then I will show you yi na mekyere wo senea
how to begin the stitches esese wufiti ase ye no.
Have you ever learnt to knit so woasua adeiiwene pen ?
before ?
Then you may begin a stocking en'de meraa woafi ase anwene
ahye-nan.
It is rather difficult eye den kakra.
80
You must have five needles ehia wo adenweue nnade anum.
Do not forget to decrease mraa wo were mfi se wobeyi so.
Do you know how to turn so wunim senea woye ne
the heel? nantih fa?
This is called the cap of the wofre eyi se nantin atifi.
heel
The last thin,!? is the toe nea woye de wie ne ne
nansoa ano.
Take care that you do not fwie yiye na nea woanwene
drop any stitches no bi ansan.
The eye of the needle is pane no to atu.
broken.
Fetch the needle cushion from kofa pane sum! a ewo asaso
the sitting room no bera.
Thread the needle and make slna pane no na si to pow.
a knot
You should sew a ribbon esese wode ntama-bamma toa
on here so wo ha.
Put the button here fa button no si ha.
Sew the button on very well si button no dennennen.
Loosen the cotton a little gow asawa no mu kakra.
Draw the cotton tight twe asawa no na enye deij.
Now it is right afei aye yiye.
If you will do your best, se wobo mmoden a, enkye na,
you will learn it soon woahu.
Have you made this dress? wo na wopam sa atade yi ana ?
It fits you very well efata wo yiye.
It is too small for you emia wo papa.
87
It is too large for you
Tt is too long
It is too short
The cotton is too short
eso papa ma wo.
eware papa,
eye tia dodo,
asawa no ye tia.
Use some coarse white cotton fa asawa fita piprl yi hi.
You may both crochet mema rab banu kwaii ma moa-
iiwne ade.
Can you crochet? so wutumi nwene ade?
G. At Manual Labour.
S. ring th? bell for the boys
to come
It is two o'clock
You must always come in
time, boys
If you are late again, you
will have to work until
five o^clock
Go and cut the grass round
about our house
The other boys shall take
hoes and clean the paths
To-morrow we shall go to
the coffee plantation
There is much work to be
done there
S. have you looked after the
young cocoa plants?
S. wosow doii fre mmofra no
uhina na womraera,
nnouabien abo.
mmofra, esese moba nteui da.
se moka akyiri bio a, mobeye
adwuma akosi nnonnum.
monkodow ofi no ho nwura.
mmofra a aka no mfa nsaw
nkobo kwaii.
okyena yebeko kafefuw mu.
adwuma bebre wo ho a esese
woye.
S. so woakofwe koko nnua
nketewa no?
88
No, Sir, I~ have forgotten,
I beg your pardon
That is a pity, I fear most
of them will now be withered
To-day we will cut a new
path through the bush
Four of you begin here and
work in the direction of
that big Odum tree
You four cut from this tree
in that direction
Then you will soon meet
Take care that you do not
hurt one another.
Why are you making such
a noise?
There is a big snake
Kill it if you can
There are a great many
rather big stones
Put them all together
You can carry them to-morrow
to the building place
We cannot carry them;
they are too heavy
You always say: 'we cannot'
Try your best and you will
be able to carry them
dabi, owura, mewereafi; enti
mepa wo kyew.
eye me yaw ; inisnro se nne
yi pi no ara asee.
enne yebepae okwan foforo
afa wura no mu.
mo mu banan ramefi ase wo
ha iifwe odum dua yi nten-
ten so.
mo banan yi mpae mfi sa dua
yi so nkosi ho.
na mobehyia ntem ara.
mofifwe yiye na moampira-
pira raoho moho.
deft nti na moye gyegyegye sa.
ei, owo kese bi ni.
se mobetumi a, moftkum no.
abo akese bi gugu ho.
mommoa ne nhina ano akuw-
akuw.
?ye a , okyena monsoa ne rihlnfi
nkogu nea wosi dan ho.
yerentumi nsoa efise eye duru
dodo.
da nhina na muse: "yenturai."
mom mo mm odea! na mosoa a,
mobetumi.
89
A good boy always says
"I will try"
Now it is five o'clock
Let us go home
Are you tired?
Yes, we are
H) An Hour of Recreation.
Oh, how glad I am that I am
free again at last
I have worked so much
that 1 am quite hot
How long have you worked
then?
Three hours
Well, that is not too much
But it is time now to have
an hour for recreation
I hope we shall enjoy our-
selves well during this
play hour
So do I and what pleases
me most is that I have done
my lesson for to-morrow
It is true, playing is much
more pleasant when you
have done your work
abofra pa na oka da se : me-
so mafwe.
afei nuounum abo.
momma yenko fie.
moabere ana?
yiw, yeabere.
o, eye m amgye papapa se
afei manya kwan rebehome.
maye adwuma bebre nti me ti
ado hyerehyerehyere.
na nnoufwerew ahe nko ara
na woyee adwuma no?
maye adwuma nnonfwerew
abiesa.
o, so eyi uko ni?
afei kogye w'ahome kakra e.
m'ani daso se agoru here yi mu
yen ani begye ara yiye.
se eye me ara neii na nea eye
m'anigye kora ne se masua
me kyena ade.
ewom ampa se wowie w'a-
dwuma a, agoru ye de se.
Our play-fellows arc coming
Well, what shall we play at?
Let us play 'blind man's buff 1
Let us see who has to begin
Let us draw lots
Do not make such a noise
Mr. . . does not like it
I thought he was not at home
Do not laugh so much
Let us choose another game
We have won
Let us begin again
Listen, it is striking seven
It is time to go home
We will not detain you
(rood bye. We hope to see
you to-morrow
yen gofo na ereba no.
wie, na den agoru na yebegoru?
momma yenye 'amuamua-ani.'
yebefwe nea obefi ase.
momma yemmo ntonto.
monnye gyegyegye sa.
Mr. . . mpe sa kora.
migye dii se onni fie.
nserew pi sa.
momma yensakra agoru no nm.
yen na yeafa mo so.
momma yensaii mfi ase bio.
inontus se nnonsou gu so rebo.
afei de aye yiye (momma ye-
nnyae nko.)
yerensaiika wo.
nante(w) yiye o ; na okyena
yebehyiam' bio.
XIII. On Travelling.
Here we are; where shall
we put up?
Let us go to the chiefs house
Can we lodge here?
Can we have some supper?
What do you want to eat?
eha na yeadu na ehe na ye-
besoe?
ma yenko soe odekuro fi.
yebeuya dabere wo ha ana?
so yebenya biribi adi ana-
dwofa yi?
den aduan na woretwefwe adi?
91
Bring us our supper at once inn worn fa aduan mmere yet
ntem.
We are very tired obere a yeabere nye ano bi ni.
Every thing is ready woawie ne iihina dedaw.
Will you go to bed early? wope se woda ntem?
Where have you put our ehe na wode yen adaka no sii?
baggage?
It is ready upstairs in ewo mo dabere ho abansoro.
your room
I wish for another blanket raa me kfintu foforoi
Is there also a bell in the odoii sen odan no rnu ana?
room?
There at the side of the door yiw, ebi sen opou nonkyeu mu.
Do you wish to be called wonnyau wo okygna anopa
to-morrow morning? ana?
We wish to start early to- yepe se yesim okyena anopa-
morrow hema.
You should stay here to- monna ha okyena mfa nfwe
morrow and see the town kurom'.
Are there many things to so yebehu nneema bebre wo
be seen? ha?
Oh yes, there are several ampa, mobehii nneema ahorow
things to be seen (ahorow).
Go and call the hammockmen. kofre ahamankasoafo no na
wommera.
How many shall I call? merafre woft mu bahe?
I want 4 hammockmen and ehia me ahamankasoafo banan
two carriers ne nnakasoafo banu.
I shall walk half tho way and maukasa menante(w) matwa
be carried the other half okwainifi na woaso i me fa.
I ani not strong enough to mente apow pi senea metwa
walk all the way okwansiri mn no nlrina.
Have you ever carried a so wonsoa ahamanka pen?
hammock ?
You are a mere hoy wo de, wosua dodo.
I am a man, Sir owura. meye ho obarima se.
I am stronger than you think meyedensenseneawususu^w)no.
All right; I shall see eho ye; nrefwe.
How much will you pay me? wubetua me ahe?
I will pay you as much as raema wo senea obiara ma no.
any one pays
Look if the hammok is in fwese woasiesie (anase woak^'e-
order? kye) aha-nanka no yiye ana?
Please give me subsistence mosre wo ma me nne sese.
for to-day
I shall pay you as soon as yedu ara pe a, metua wo.
we reach ....
Where is the carrier? adakasoafo no wo he?
He has gone to town to bring oko man mu akofa biribi.
something
He will be back in a moment obesan aba nterapa ara.
I cannot wait any longer mintumi ntwen bio.
Go and call him ko kofre no bera.
Let us start without him ma yenni no kan.
No, we will not start before dabi, yerenko nnya no, mom-
he has come hack ma ommera ansa.
Your hoy ran wait for him
No, we shall all wait
Why did you not come in
time?
How far is it to A.?
It is 8 to 9 hours
We are now half way on
our journey
You go too quickly
You are all to follow me
T do not like anybody to
walk in front of me
We have reached now
Prepare fufu as quickly as
possible because it is
getting dark
We shall start to-morrow
morning at six o'clock
I do not want anybody to
keep behind
Are all the carriers here?
One has not yet come
Tell him if he does not come
at once I cannot gire
him any subsistence
mil w'abofra no ntwen no.
dabi, yen iihlnfi betweu no
preko.
den nti na woamma ntem?
eft ha ko A. bej^e se eha ne he?
eye nnoufwerew 8 dereko 9.
(anye nnoufwerew 8 a, ebe-
ye 9.)
eyi na yeabu yen kwan no
mu abien.
moko ntem dodo,
mepe se mo uhina di m'akyi.
mempe se obiara di m'anim.
afei na yeadu.
monwow fufu ntemntem efise
ade reye asa.
okyena anopa nnonsia na
yebesim.
mempe se obiara (begye neh5)
aka akyiri.
apafo no nhina wo ha ana?
won mu biako mmae e.
ko ka kyere no se, se wamina
ntem a, meremma no sese
biara.
Wheve is tho headman? won mn pnnyiu no wo lie?.
Call the 'Carriers ; we shall fre apafo no; yebebo inpae
pray before we start ' ansa na yeasoa.
Wait a moment. I will 'get monnyiua ho kakra na
down minsi fam ansa.
The road is very dirty dontori pi wo okwau no so.
There is a large tree lying dua kese hi bea okwan mu.
across the road
Can you walk around it? woyinoakwaa, enyeyiyeana?
No, there is no room ;; dabi,kwatikwanbiarannihosa.
We must cross a river now yerebetwa asu hi mprempren.
XIV. At the Carpenter's.
What is this called? wofre yi den ?
It is a plane . wofre no apaso.
Where is the joiner's bench?, odwumfo befikyi no wo he?
I have none : . minni bi.
What is your trade? w'adwuma ne den?
I am a carpenter by trade meye dua-dwumfo.
I am learning carpentry meresiia (nnua) dwinni.
He is a skilful carpenter oye odwumfo a wabeu.
He does not understand his onnim n'adwuma yiye.
trade well
I have not yet made a table, minnya miiihuu opon ye e, na-
but the other day I made nso nnano meyee adaka.
. a box
Can you make a chair? wobetumi aye akenteunua?
95
yes; I can do that yiw, minim ye.
How many apprentices do wowo asunfo ahe?
you keep?
1 have only one apprentice mewo biako pe.
Have you planed all these so woapa sa inmerete yi uhina'
boards? so?
Go and sharpen the smoothing ko na kosew apaso no ano.
plane
Take the shavings to Mrs. . . sesaw srodo no uhina fa
koraa awura ....
Have you different sorts of so wowo apaso nnade ahorow
planes? ahorow?
Cut two holes here with fa pee na kopee ntokuru abien
the chisel wo ha.
What kind of furniture odan no n.u nneema beii na
can you make? wunim ye?
How much do you charge wopa mmerete biako so a,
for planing a simple board? wugye ahe?
What is the name of that wofre sa odwumfo yi deu ?
carpenter ?
His name is 0. wofre no 0.
How many men are work- nnipa bahe na woye adwuma
ing here? wo ha?
Why are you not at work? efi den so na monye adwuma?
Go and fetch a hammer ko na kofa asae bera.
Bring me a small board kofa mmrete ketewa bi bre me.
Fetch some shingle nails kofa shingle nnadewa bera.
Cut the board into two
pieces with the pit saw
Nail them together with
two nails
"Where is the plane?
It lies on the bench
Bring it at once
Plane one side of that board
Cut that beam I spoke of
carefully
Can you make a box?
I want you to make me a table
Go and fetch the drill
Where is the drill?
It is lying on the floor
Bore two holes into this
board
Who bored these holes?
The carpenter
Where are the nails
Bring me the nail-box
You will find it in my room
Go and ask Mr. . for per-
mission to bring it
You will find the nails
where the box is
Pull this nail out
I will give you some nails
fa owan twa sa mmerete yi
mu asin ahieii.
fa nnadewa abien bo mu.
apaso no da he?
eda beukyi no so.
fa bera sese ara.
pa mmerete yi fa so.
twa mpuran a mekaa ho asem
no yiye.
so wunim adaka ye?
mepe se woye opou ma me.
kg na kofa fitii bera.
fitii no wo he?
eda fam.
fiti sa mpuran yi mu ntokuru
abien.'
ehena na ofitii sa ntokuru yi?
odwumfo no.
nnadewa no wo he ?
kofa nnadewa adaka nobreme.
ewo me dan mu.
kg na kosre owura . . kwan
na kofa sa adaka no.
nea adaka no wo ho ara na
nnadewa nso wo.
betu sa dadewa yi.
mema wo nnadewa (bi).
97
There are some
I have finished now
Window fastenings; door
hinges
Window shutter
Window post; sash, bolt
Foot stool
Frame; coffin
Writing table; writing desk
Wardrobe
G-lue
Timber
To hollow out ; to hew a beam
Crossbeam
Cramp iron
Plumbline
Level; square
The props and supports of
a roof
Rafter; spar of a roof
Ridge; gutter
Lath; framework
ebi ni
mawie afei; eyi na mawie.
mfensere rapontere ; mpontere
mfensere dua; mpoinma.
aponnua; mpomraa-adwa.
dammadwa (dammagua); nan
ase agua; manno.
aponnua; funu adaka.
kyere w-pon
ntade-adaka.
amane; (mane).
nnua; mpuran; mmerete.
twa mpuran ho; bore mpuran mu.
mpuran a wode beabea ofasu so.
dade a wode so mpuran 2 mu.
promo .
nsu susudua; ahiiianan.
akoraten ne nkorasima.
mparow; odampare; paree
beae; agyensu.
dua a wode iiwona dan so;
nnuadan; odampare
How are you feeling at
present?
I am not well at all
XY. A. With the Physician.
woho te den mprempren yi?
mend nye kora.
I feel very ill
I am uncommonly weaj|\,
My head is giddy and I can
hardly stand on my legs
How long have yon been ill ?
Since yesterday
"Where do you feel
pain now?
I ,am sick and sometimes I
feel inclined to vomit
I have a headache
My head aches acutely
Have you a pain in your
side?
How is your appetite?
I have no appetite at all
I have eaten scarcely any-
thing during two days
Do you sleep well at night?
You are feverish
Show me your tongue
Your tongue is very foul
You must take a little medi-
cine
Can you go to the closet?
My bowels have not been
moved for three days
meho nye me deri kora.
meho ye merew kora.
m'ani so biri me a mintumi
nnyina ho yiye.
nnahe ni a woyaree?
efi nnera na oyare boo me.
wohe na eye wo yaw afei?
meyare na eto dabi a na
me bo fono me.
me ti ben me.
me ti pae me se biribi.
(so) wo mfe ye wo yaw ana?
I wotumi didi ?
| so aduan ye wo de?
m'anom akum kora; okom
nne me kora.
unanu ni biribi pa biara
nnkaa m'ano e.
so wotumi da yiye anadwo?
atiridii abo wo.
ma menfwe wo tekreuaa.
wo tekrema so ahura.
esese wonom aduru kakra.
so wotumi ko duaso?
nnansa yi menkQQ duaso kora.
How niiiuy times do your
bowels move a day?
This is the medicine for
your illness
My bowels have become
regular again
My bowels were very loose
yesterday
I have recovered my appetite
I want some medicine
Are yon ill?
Ye-s. I h;ive pains in my
bowels
Is it a kind of diarrhoea?
I see, it is not serions
I will give you a suitable
medicine
Take a spoonful in water
every morning early
Then you will soon feel
alright again
And what is the matter
with you?
Ah, there is a bad wound
which must be cleaned
It does not give you pain
Be quiet; keep still
Now I will dress it
I will give you some anti-
septic water
uipen ahe na woko ban so
da k,k'O ?
wo yare no ano aduru ni
at'ei migya m'anan yiye.
ennerameyam boe(anase)fwiei.
m'anom atew me.
raepe aduru (mato).
woyare?
yiw. me yam kaw me.
eye odwea ahorow bi ana?
mahu se enye deii pi.
inema wo aduru pa bi.
dabiara anopa fa atere m3 gu
nsu mu nom.
en'de wobehu se woho beye
wo den ntem ara.
den na eye wo?
kuru bone bi atu wo a esese
metoto.
euye wo yaw; eotutu wo.
ye komm.
afei metoto.
mema wo aduru-nsu bi.
100
('lean.se the wound daily as toto wo kuru no dabiara se-
I have just done and come nea maye no mprempreu yi
again next Saturday na Alemeneda sau bera.
What is your name? wo din de deiii'
My name is Firerupomma wofre me Firempomma.
This is not the first time se woaba me nkyeu pen
you have come here, is it? rneboa a?
No; I have pains again in dabi; m'ani akyi ne m'abasa
my eye-brows and my arms tntuw me.
I will give you some Yod- mema wo kokorain anase Boro-
kali to take. To maatwa ria won num.
I have put some into this mede i>i magu sa tumpaiiyi rim.
bottle
Fill it up with water, shake fa nsu hye uo ma na wosow
it well and take a spoonful no yiye na dabiara nom
three times a day atere m& rnprensa.
Thank you, Sir meda wo ase, owura
I want to buy some Yodoform mepe se meto kuru aduru.
powder
How shall I use it? menye no den?
First cleanse the wound well toto kuru no yiye ansfi, na
and when there is no more anim fi a, fa kakra gu anim
matter to be seen, then na fa asawa tare so kye-
cover it with cotton and kye.
bind it up
How much have I to pay? ne bo e? ne bo ah?
I am sent by Mr. . . to buy asiamasi na osomaa me se
some worm-powder memmeto asunsonnuru.
10]
Herr are H powders ineina wo inmoa asm.
That is tor two days nom uo nnanu.
Take one three times a day, ene se : nne ne okyena noin
in the morning, at 12 o'clock bako anopa, bako owigyinae
ne bako annwummere.
inanso ensese wode pi ma abo-
nanso abofra de ium
no pi sa.
me ba ni ; ode nkrante atwn
and in the evening
But do not give as much
to a child
Here is ray son : hn has cut
his hand with ;i cutlass n nsa.
Let me see it; it is a deep ma menfwe; koru no rau do
."wound. I must stitch it up na esese raepam.
It will pain him only a mo- ebeye no yaw kakrabi.
ment
so ne nsam'.
afei raawie.
nnawotwe a ebeba no mu
fa no bera bio.
s? entutuw no de a ende meyi
asawa a mede mepame no.
Hold his baud
Now it is finished
Bring him again next week
Then i will take out the
thread, if he has no pains
Why are you crying, little dn nti na wosu, abeawa?
girl?
Her head pains her ne ti ben no.
Ah there is a, large boil ah, pompo kese bi asi no.
Nowthat Ihave madeauiuci- manya masa mu yi usu-boae
sion, the matter can flow out no besea.
Come again next Tuesday benada bera bio. (sait bera}
I have a cough rnebo owaw.
Can you give 'me some medi- wubenya aduru bi ama me?
mmofra, mope den?
yepe dwiw aduru.
What is the ; matter with
you boys?
We want some ointment
; to cure lousiness
Very well, rub this on your
heads
I feel very tired and all my
limbs ache
He has gone to .relieve his
bowels .......
I am suffering from scabies
Wash yourself well every day
then the disease will
soon cease
Yours is a very serious case
You must go to Aburi to
. .the Dr. because an opera-
tion, is .necessary
Do not wait any longer
Why do you not ; come on
the proper days?
You know I give medicine
only on Tuesdays and
Saturdays ?
osempa, momfa eyi nsra mo
tirim.
mabre papa na m'apow nhina
so ye me yaw (anase) ma-
kwa so akwa so ye me yaw.
wakyima ; wadau neho; , oye
neho yiye; w'agya n' anan.
boro rekum me.
guare woho yiye dabiara ua
oyare no reukye gyae.
wo yare no mu ye den.
esese woko dokota nkyen %o
Aburi efise edi se wopae
:WO.
ntweiitwen wo nan ase bio.
den nti na woamma ntem (ana-
se) den nti na woamma da a
wohyee wo no?
so wunuiin se Benada n6 Me-
meneda nkuto na metoii
aduru?
ion
Hut excuse me. my child is
intoxicated with palm-
wine and I fear he will die
How old is this child?
We don't kuow
Now we must make him
drink this, then he will
-soon vomit
I see he cannot swallow
So I put my linger into
his throat
Perhaps that will cause him
to vomit
One of my toes pains me
very much
Show it to me
I must amputate it
Don't be afraid
Now it is already done
Come again next Saturday
I hope the wound will be
healed by then
Why did you not come to
lesson to-day?
My chest pains me
I could not get up
1 have just come to ask
you for some medicine
wudi hem; me ba na wakgnom
nsa t'uf'u abow mi misuro se
obewu.
abofra no adi mfirihyia a he":'
yennim.
afei esese yema onom eyi na
enkye na obefe.
mihu *e ontuuii uiiueuc ade.
cnti mede me nsatea aiehye
Tie meneui'.
ebia eyi bema wafe.
ine nunsoit hiako ye 01* yaw
se
ma menfwe.
esese mitwa-kyene.
nsuro.
m'awie ara nen.
Memeneda san bera.
m'ani-daso se ebedn da no
ua kuru no awu.
den nti na wamma lesson
nne?
meyare me mu (anase) roe uitini-
tnfini yg me yaw.
mintumi mensore.
mprempren de, meba aduru-
104
Well ddnk this and, keep
- yourself warm - :;:..
There a is fishbone i my
: throat 1
It pains me very much
Wiveu' .did that happen?
Last night at 6 o'clock
Caii~ you give me some medi-
: c-me which will cause me to
vomit?
Here is sonie. Drink it
How often did you vomit?
Three times ; but I discharged
the bone the first time
My father has s.ent me for
some turpentine
My sister is still suffering
from rheumatism
How; nquch are you to buy?
Three pence worth, will do
1 suffer from piles and do
not feel well at all
This will last some weeks
or even months
But if you regularly do what
. >: I tell; you. you will feel
better from day to day
wie, nona eyi na kata wuho yiye.
usoe ahia mr.
eye rne yaw dodo,
here ben na ehiaa wo ?
nnera anadwbfa nnotisia na
ehiaa me.
so wobenya aduru bi a ebema
mafe ama rne?
obi ui; gye iiom.
wofee mpen ahe?
mprensa; nanso meboe fe ara
pe ni kasae no yii.
m'agya somaa me se uiemmer
to takonta.
okwaha daso haw me iiuabeu
ara.
ahe na wobeto?
Simpowa beso.
koko rekum me na meute m'a-
pow mu yiye kora.
oyare yi anko nna mu.a, ua
ebetwa asram mu.
nanso se wpye se mekyere wo
uupepepe a, wobete w'apow
mu. yiye .dabiarada. .
Take this j)u\vder and put fa SH aduru yi hi gu nen eye
a little every da}' on the wo yaw ho dabiara.
atFected part
But you must tirst take a cold nanso dabiara wobeye a, tra
bath for fifteen minutes nsuoawinimusinimal5ansa.
The brown powder will regu- aduru dodo we no bema woagya
late the bowels w'anan yiye.
Thank you Sir, I will do meda ase owura, meye se wo-
what you advise kyere me no.
XV. B. List of different diseases.
Pustules an hands or feet
Boil; furuncle: abscess
Small boils; papula
Large furuncle
The Guinea worm (tilaria-
medinensis)
Swelling caused by the
Guinea worm
'A chronic ulcer (caused by
an internal disease)
Cancer
A suppurating ulcer
Fracture
boagoru; mmoagoro.
poinpo; abo.
teteahyehyere.
pobia: mpobia.
mfa.
mtakokonini.
akututu.
kokoram.
akisikuru.
mmubni.
Fever atiridii; hnrae.
" (attacking children) asabera.
Rheumatic pains in. the back ; osenmu.
Lumbago
lOti
Pains in the loins sisiyare.
Rheumatic pains in the same.
lower extremities
Arthritis; rheumatism; gout okwaha.
Palsy; hemiplegia mmubui.
O.steomalacia ; osteomyolitis sesaboro.
Periostitis; (yaws; syphilis) atutuw.
Dropsy atata, ntata.
Imbecility; idiocy; cretinism papasisi; faobotomegyam;
ahurumasimado ; kukurumeta-
awiam.
Paralysis dwoko.
Leprosy; lepra kwata; piti; kyiriahemfi ; fa-
wohokodi; kodwarebediwodee.
Vertigo; dizziness ; giddiness anisobiri.
Headache atipae; tirimkekaw; atibeii.
Epilepsy abiribiriw; otwa; atotogyawe.
Lunacy dagye.
Swoon; syncopo ahunurn; adetowoso.
Delirium tirimka; anisoka.
Scurf on the head ; porrigo atikuru.
Madness; insanity adammo; gye.
Hydrocephalus akame
Ozena; stink nose tiyare; kobon.
Ophthalmia (conjunctivitis) ani
Inflammation of the mem- auiwamkekaw.
branes of the eye
1U7
Swelling of the eyelids: odelive.
hordeolum
Pterygium; cataract ete.
Blindness anifurae.
Eczema of the ear asokroffre.
Otorrhoea asobonsu.
Deafness asotiw; asitiw.
Catarrh papum ; opakum.
Gundu twempow ; fwenpo.
Bleeding of the nose : atwempou.
nosebleed
Destruction of the nose by afwentu.
lues or leprosy
Rhagades (sores on the lips) utew.
Stomatitis anomkuru.
Toothache okekaw; kaka.
Herpes labialis ayarehuuu.
Necrosis of the jawbone bapon.
Stammering dodow; tekremabutuw ; dodoQ.
Dumbness mumu.
Inflammatory tumor in the osafo.
mouth
Malignant tumor of the neck; akommew.
(sarcoma)
Angina (of the throat) ntasuakrodo.
108
Hooping euiigh iikcmkon
Cough owaw.
Hiccough; hickup l^koteko; kokoteko.
Asthma tete; ntehyewa.
Consumption; phthisis samanwaw.
Hoarseness; laryngitis poroporo; nnefa; kasafa.
Goiter menasepuduw.
Hemorrhage; hemoptysis atwamene; mogyatu
Lung disease; ^pneumonia?) emuyare.
Pains in the region of the mpaie.
ribs; (pleuralgia)
Indigestion yafunyare.
Nausea boverew; abofono.
Bellyache ayamkeka; ayamkaw.
Intestinal worms: helinin- asunson.
thiasis
An inflammation of the inte- tuani
stines ; enteritis
Amenorrhoea; menostasis odae.
Diarrhoea; enteritis. odo; odoko.
Looseness of bowels; diarrhoea ayambo; ayamtu; ayamtue;
odwea.
Dysentery konkoruwa; bammaho.
Lymphadenitis odowa.
Furuncle in the armpit mmotoam-ma.
Cholera otwa pe woawu ; twa me afre-
so yare.
Hemorrhoids* kdko.
109
Bubo
Acute gonorrhoea
Chronic' dto
Heruia?
Hydrocele
Chlorosis
Abortion : miscarriage
beae.
okramau; kekae.
baba so.
akronnoe.
etwow.
animhoa.
opon.
Bursitis (ganglion) depo.
Paralysis of the hand abasa.
Leprous mutilation of the bo^erewui.
nails
Infectious skin-diseaae
(vitiligo)
Panariciam
Lameness
Shortness of one leg
Rachitis
Deformation of tibia
(caused by yaws.)
Protuberance oa the hipbone adwonkuben.
(coxalgia)
Gonitis
osabeii
nsa ho okekaw; okeka-nsa de.
apakye.
81.
bafan.
nkanto; konto.
nankromabcn :
mmen.
nankromasi.
kroml.
Grenuflection
Swelling of the knee
Inflammation of the Achilles inpensa.
tendon
110
Elephantiasis
Hhagades of the foot
Yaws; framboesia
Spontanous necrosis of a toe ;
(ainhum)
Foot secretion rafofaua.
Infectious ulcer on the toe kokoniwa.
gyapim.
uipapae.
gyatojgyatodidi; gyatonainmoft
akoekoe.
Eczema on the pubic region
Pityriasis versicolor
Itches; scabies
Mother spot; mole
Pruritus
Goose flesh ; goose skin
Prickly heat
Ring worm; salt rheum
Eerpetic eruptions
Dto round the neck
Rind of scabies
Small pox
Chicken pox
Measles
Framboesia ulcer
Herpes zoster^ shingles
Chest disease with asthmati-
cal symptoms
owe
kore; atotoe.
ase; ntwom; boro ; mfoa; kodoso;
mfoanini.
asamannya.
ahoohene.
fifirise; fifise.
ahokeka.
yam.
tefereyam.
atwitwamene (kon ho barehy ia.)
nanaha.
mpete.
borompete.
ntoburo; osekj; kukubanku;
odwenini asi no.
adonnon.
barehyia; ananse.
komayare .
111
Framboeaia eruptious :
exanthema of vaws
XVI. Idiomatical Phrases.
He bade me good night
(fare well)
It is no concern of mine
lie is impudent
He has escaped from it
He is passionate
I am inclined to vomit
1 hate him passionately
1 am tired of dispute
He is homesick
He is blind
I rewarded him
I punished him
He is mocking at me
I like this place
I am well pleased
He has expired
wakra me 'nnopa; wakrame;
wagya me kwan.
emfa me ho; memfa ho.
ototo ne kon; oye dwae.
wafi mu all.
ne bo haw no ; n'ani ye. hyew ;
oyare koma.
me bo fono me.
mikyi no kokoko.
akasakasa afono me.
n'ani akisa; n'ani gyina (ne
kurom'); n'ani atwa.
n'ani afura.
metuaa no so ka pa.
bone;
metwee n'aso.
ogoru me ho; odi me ho fgw;
osi me atwStwg.
m'ani ka ha.
meho ka meh5.
waka nkyene agu ; wagyene ue
ho ; wawu; wadau neho ; wa-
ka babi; onene kra adi nkr*.
I am weary of him
I am in trouble (about the
death of somebody)
Be it so!
He is feared
Great fear befell him
He wavers
He studies
He is a scholar
your saying has not had any
effect upon me
He is crazy
He is confident
It will not do
He has a -very fine figure
He has no sense
He is not generous
I beg your pardon
Be insults me
He has a rich relation
He is impatient
I walked with him
His talk is worthless
He is obstinate
He is obedient
neho ye me ahl.
moho aka.
enye ho.
neho ye hu.
ehu kese kaa no; ne bo atu.
owo ho ne ho; odi asensgii mu
osua nhoma.
onim uhornam.'
wo gya anhye me.
ne tirim nye ; ne tirim ye saka-
suka.
ne bo da lie yam.
enko uten.
n'anim ye fe (kronkroa).
onni ti (kora.)
ne yam ye nwene; ne nsarn'
ye den.
mepa wo kyew; wo kygw ni.
otiatia m'anim.
owo bi wo n'akyi.
neho titl no.
me ne no boo anan.
n'asem mfra.
n'asem awu.
n'aso y mmere(w).
113
He it disobedient
He is benevolent
It: is rare
He is active
The milk has curdled
I am penniless
He has come in my absence
I have nothing to forgive
He comforts me
I am rich
I am greatly surprised
The quarrel is ended
He is sorrowful
He replied nothing at all
He is frightened
n'aso ye den; n'aso asorow;
u'aso asiw.
iie yam ye.
eho ye ua.
ue ho ye wewe.
nufusu no akyere (akyenj.
meho awow; me kotokum'
awow.
waba m'akyi.
kyew nhina ye wodea.
okyekye me were,
me ns im ye duru ; ade wo me
nsam'.
eyem'ani soya ;eyemenwonwfi.
asem no to atwa.
ne were ahow.
w'antow n'auom toa mg.
ne bo atu.
I have recovered my appetite m'anom (anase)meyamatewme.
He is utterly terrified
The town is full of noise
I feel that I have no more
strength
I do not feel comfortable
(in my situation)
TJie matter has come to an end asem no nhina atwa.
He abstains from wine otua neho lisa.
ne bo awie ta.
oman mu aye b.6.
aduan no atu me ho :
(magow).
me wiin nye me fe: mehd
nseii me.
- 114
I aun angry with him
He has gone out of his uiind
She has weaued her child
He has no feelings of revenge
The case is very clear
He is discouraged
He cap ..not avoid the case
The door is open
He enjoys his life
He is swift-footed
He is sleepy
He. walks barefoot
He is drowned
He has died in the prime of
his life
He behaved well
He behaves in a manly way
I have a com plaint against him
He exerts himself
He" is foolish
May that not happen to you!
He has become stiff( from a
sudden sickness)
I have no appetite
I quenched his thirst
He is far sighted (he can
account for it)
wayime abufuw; ineboafuw no.
ne tirim akyere no.
watwa ne ba uufu.
ne koma avvu.
asem no mu da ho.
n'abasam atu ; n'aba rau abu.
asem no da ne da.
opon no ano da ho.
odi ne here.
ne nan ase ye hare.
n'ani kum.
onara ne nan mu.
nsu afa no.
wabu ne mmere mu.
obu man.
oye mmarimade; oye nnam.
mene no wo nkuro.
omia n'ani.
odi nkwaseasem.
eyi in pare wo! eyi mman wo!
ade ato no so; wakyen ; ahun
mu asi no so.
me yam ye me kusu; m'auom
akunr.
mekum ne sukom.
ohu akyiri.
115
He is not of a rich fai/iily
He is in great distress
He looks miserable
He is meek
That is not done in the pro-
per way
Things will not prosper
for him
I did not do it purposely
He does his work negligently
She is pregnant
Act gently!
He repents (aud is con-
verted)
He is intelligent
He works very hard
To deliver a message
All at ouce
He is arrogant
I shall do it purposely
It is obvious
He is happy
He is powerful (cruel)
He is respectable
He is brave
To inherit one's property
n'akyi nyg duru.
neho kyere no ; neho hia, no,
n'anim ye mmobo-mmobo.
odwo ; n'ani dwo.
enye ne kwan so ; enye ne
kronkrcn so.
ade renkye no.
manhyedamanye;(mammoapa).
oye n'adwuma hi nS hi.
\vafa afirru; wayem; nehoadan.
d\yo w'ani breo!
osakra n'adwene.
n'adwenem' tew.
obiri ne mogya ani.
bo amanuee.
a nka bo afika poma.
oye dwae; oye ahantan; odi
inpanyinsem.
meboa maye.
emu da ho; eho da ho.
ne bo ato ne 3 T am; ne bo adwo.
ne tirim ye den.
n'anim ye duru.
ne bo ye duru.
di obi ade.
He is on the point of starting
It displeases me
He is careful
He perverts judgement
To be without detect
To be stubborn
I turn round
He does not mind at all
He is very inquisitive
He is kind
He has a sharp tongue
He is diligent
He is puffed up
He is eloquent
He shuts his eyes
He is guilty
That is your concern
I do not like to trouble you
He r is annoyed
Compose your mind!
The town has gone to ruin
He is cheerful
Surppprt me !
He is lightminded
It has faded
He has a bad character
Without any exception
ne nan tia a. dare so.
enye me abodwo.
oda neho so.
odaii asem ani.
di mu.
di ayeyesem.
medan meho.
oprapra n'aso akyi.
ope asem se oprae.
n'anim tew ; oye.
n'ano ye den.
onem n'adwumaho; nensa nua.
oye apompompe; woahoraan.
n'ano tew; n'ano wo.
oka n'ani gu so.
n'asem nye de.
ese wo ara.
m'ani nsa wo.
n'ani nka; n'ani abere.
ta wo bo !
kuro(w) no aye pasa.
neho asepew no.
so me sisi!
n'anim ye hare.
ani atu; apa.
ne su nye.
anka anoma.
117 -
It is obscure to me emu ye me sum kakra
That is the meaning ase ko sa^ v eue ho. , -.:.
He is independent ote neho . ne n'ase;
He speaks with a low voice osi ne nn,e ase.
Finish the sentence ka si so.
He is entrusted to his care ogu ne sere so.
That is no concern of mine eyi asem no nye meho aseoj.
I take back what I have said nea mekae no, eye neil. .
He is beside himself
Se has grown tired
He has seduced a woman
He remembers me
1 am totally exhausted
Hemember it well
n'ani nni neho so.
ne nsarn agow.
ne risa apa oba ho fwafa obaj
n'ani aba me so.
mawie here posaw kora.
si wo nsa so pow ; bo so
hama. na wo were amfi.
The cloth does not kt-ep it.s ntama no pa.
colour
I have still something m'ano ntwae e; m'ano nsii ^
to say
He is the principal person, oso asem no uhina ti.
in the matter
They insulted me
It is indescribable
He is ugly
He is attentive
He treats me hospitably
He soon forgets what he is told n'asom' nni agua; rie
nkye asem fi.
wbsum won ano guu me soi
enj6 ano bini; wokaaennsa.
n'ani ye tan; oye omum$.
owen aso.
osom me Hoho.
He has a loud voice
He acts in a simple manner
He grumbles always
He hardens his heart
Do it manfully!
He has forgotten it
He opens his eyes
He boasts
He is ashamed
He is impudent
I have got into a quarrel
with him
He is lazy
He is cautious
I try it in vain
My foot has gone to sleep
He shall not go unpunished
He turns his neck to look back
He is dirty from head to foot
They put their hands on each
others necks
It ia of equal value
It is exactly alike
You do your duty carelessly
ne nne so.
oye n'ade otetekv&m. 1
obo nne; n'ano nna.
opirim ne koma
pirim wo anirn!
n'ani apa so: ne were an.
otew n'ani.
oye anosem.
n'ani awn: u'aniutd: a'auiiu
agu ae.
n'ani ye den.
mene no ariyn.
n'ani ahaw (odi anihasv).
onem neho se: onye ne ho sesa-
sasa .
misom a, euso.
ananse akyere me nan.
neho renye totroto.
obu nkompow fwe n'akyi.
ueh6 aye pgto ; neho aye ft
dodo,
woto abamma.
egyina bo koro so.
ebo so pe.
woye w'ade mpasompaso.
I am at work iiievyo m'adwuiua ano.
Speak it out! ka si so!
It is duly done so se edi ara nen.
He came on the very same day wanna so na obae.
You are very greedy wope ti pe nta.
I made an agreement with me ne no dii and.
him
He got his wife out of the ogye ne yere ti nkwa.
-dilemma .' . '
I shiver awose agu me so.
They make fuueral customs woye ayi. .
He set his wife free ornaa ne yere hyirew.
I did not conceal anything mankora wo fwe so.
from you * :
He thanked him heartily oyii ne yam daa no ase.
This play is not pleasant agoru yi Hso.
I came to myself m'ani baa meho so.
I have come to the end maka m'asem awie.
(of my speech)
Contents,
Preface
Introduction
Part I.
Grammatical Outlines
Page.
8
40
Chapter I.
It.
in.
. .-. -in ...
IV.
v:
vi.
Nouns (Chapt. 1. 2..)
The Plural of Nouns
The Pronoun fchapt. 3. 4. 5.)
A. Personal Pronouns
B. Interrogative Pronouns
C. Demonstrative Pronouns
D. The Relative Pronoun
10
12
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
8
10
12
13
13 15
The Verb (Chapt. 6 ii)
A. Affirmative Form - Indicative Mood 15 17
VII. The Imperative and Infinitive Mood 18 19
VIII. B. Negative Form - Indicative Mood 19 91
The Negative Imperative Mood 21 22
Inflexible Verbs 22 23
Auxiliary Verbs 24 25
Adjectives (Chapt. 12 15)
A. Adjectives of Quality 25 27
XIII. B. Adjectives of Quantity 2729
- 121
Page.
XIV. C. Distinguishing Adjectives 29 31
XV. Inflexion of Adjectives 31 32
xvi. Adverbs (Chapt. 16 19?
1. Adverbs of time 33 34
XVII 2. Adverbs of place 35 36
XVIII 3. Adverbs of manner (I) 36 37
IXX. (II) 37 38
xx. Conjunctions .chapt. 20; 3940
Part II.
Idioms and Phrases. 43119
Chapter I. Salutations and their Replies 43 44
., II. Expressions of Politeness 44 47
in. Time 47 51
IV. Age 51 52
V. Weather 52 65
VI. At Market 55 57
VII. At Home and Abroad 58 61
VIII. The English Language 61 62
IX. The Tshi Language 63 64
X. An Englishman and a German 64 66
XI. Housekeeping 66 75
A. Morning 66 67
B. Breakfast 67 68
C. The Forenoon 69 70
D. Dinner 70 72
E. Supper 72
F. Washing-day 72 76
Page
Chap ter XII. School 75 90
A. Before going to School 76 77
B. On the way to School 77 78
C. The lesson 78 80
D. A Writing-lesson 80 81
E. An Arithmetic-lesson 82 83
F. A Sewing-lesson 83 87
Gr. At Manual Labour ' 87 89
H. An Hour of Recreation 89 90
XIII. On Travelling 90 94
XIV. At the Carpenter's 94 97
XV. A. With the Physician 97105
,, XV. B. List of different diseases 105 111
XVI. Idioraatical Phrases 111 119
Contents 120 122
Misprints and Corrections 123
* 3&s '
194
JLAw
Misprints and Corrections.
Page 5 line 4 from below read e, e, e, i.
n 11 13 beginning.
n 15 12 referred
20 ,, 6 woanhu
,, 21 ,, 7 above ,, otemmufo
24 6 ,, below betraa
,. 24 8 ,, meto?
,, 37 ,, 16 ,, ,, p gye me ne me nuadkd.
43 14&16 cancel "R".
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