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?
TWO OF THE
SAXON CHRONICLES
PAEALLEL
WITH SUPPLEMENTARY
EXTRACTS FROM THE OTHERS
EDITED
WITH INTRODUCTION NOTES AND A GLOSSARIAL INDEX
BY
JOHN EARLE M.A.
Sometime Fellow and Tutor of Oriel College and Professor of Anfflo-Saxon
RECTOK OF 8WANSWICK
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
MDCCCLXV
Erat enim historia nihil aliud nisi annalium confectio : cuius rei memorise-
que publicae retinendae causa ab iuitio rerum Romanarum usque ad P. Mucium
Pontificem maximum, res omnes singulorum annorum mandabat literis Pontifex
maximus referebatque in album et proponebat tabulam domi, potestas ut esset
populo cognoscendi ; ii qui etiam nunc Annales Maximi nominantur. Hanc
similitudinem scribendi multi secuti sunt, qui sine ullis ornamentis monumenta
solum temporum hominum locorum gestarumque rerum reliquerunt. Qui neque
tenent quibus rebus ornetur oratio, modo enim hue ista sunt importata, et dum
intelligatur quid dicant, unam dicendi laudem putant esse brevitatem. Non
exornatores rerum sed tantummodo narratores fuerunt. CICEBO De Oratore
ii. 12. 52 sqq.
And now it was that I began to keep a journal of every day's employ-
ment ; for indeed at first I was in too much hurry. Robinson Crusoe.
23499
to
INTRODUCTION
are the simplest form of History ; and early General Pre-
attempts at History have generally taken the form of Chro- marksonthe
nicies. When we use the word History in the fullness of its structure of
. i f i the Clironi-
meaning, we understand by it the study of human events m cies.
the complexity of their mutual relations and bearings on each
other. A Chronicle (as the name implies) is only a narrative
of events in the order of time and we hardly call it History
until these facts have undergone a new arrangement, having
been re-examined, criticised, distributed and grouped.
Out of this difference between History and Chronicle there
follows another. A History, when once cast into its form, is
impatient of after modifications ; the Chronicle admits altera-
tions indefinitely. History is like a web of cloth ; you cannot
add to it or take from it without destroying its integrity. The
Chronicle is like a set of tesserae arranged on a recurring
mathematical plan that can be continued ad infinitum in any
direction, and can accommodate insertions in any part.
There are places in the Saxon Chronicles where the narra-
tive exhibits a touch of genius and approaches to the dignity
of history ; nor is there anything in the chronicle-form which
absolutely excludes the exercise of a higher talent, though it
provides only an imperfect arena for it. But without any
special gift a man might make a sufficient Chronicler, as his
office was merely to write a statement of fact, or to copy an
extract from an author and insert it under the right date.
There was no need of observing proportion a great event
might be told briefly, and yet no reason why a minor event
should not be told with local prolixity. Nothing more was
required than that the records should be truly arranged in
order of time.
arc
ii INTRODUCTION
With all this simplicity and elasticity and capacity of de-
velopment, the Chronicle was particularly calculated to be the
vehicle of history in early times, when literary facilities were
scanty, and when the work of history had to be done in fra-
ternities by a succession of very unequal hands. We do not
look for shape or symmetry in any Chronicle, more especially
in Chronicles which have grown without a plan, by the work
of many hands labouring without concert. After a period of
accumulation, the compiler enters, and then for the first
time the whole collection is rendered subject to the law of one
mind. But his operation turns chiefly on selection or rejection,
and the new Chronicle shews where modern interests have
ejected the more ancient.
For about four centuries the whole of our contemporary
history (excepting Beda) is contained in vernacular Chronicles,
and this literature survived a century after the fashion of it had
been superseded by Latin chroniclers. The main features of the
anonymous and many-handed Chronicle may be seen in a high
state of preservation in the Saxon Chronicles. They represent
various stages of literary progress, and they exhibit the taste
and historical demands of many different generations. Towards
their close we have historical composition of considerable
maturity, but in their most primitive parts we have almost the
rudest conceivable attempts at history. It is in this wide
range of variety and diversity, and the illustration it affords
of the early national progress, that the worth of the Saxon
Chronicles (considered as a literary monument) must be dis-
covered ; and they must not be judged, as some writers have
inconsiderately judged them, by the literary standards of the
nineteenth century.
The diversity of language and of style which exists in these
Chronicles is in some places so palpable that a short ex-
amination would enable the student to trace it, and mark off
a series of distinct sections. But as the distinguishing features
are not everywhere equally plain, and as the investigation is
sometimes embarrassed by the circumstance that new com-
pilers imparted something (however little) of their own to the
old materials ; and further, from the fact that the most
primitive work is not to be found (where it might perhaps
be looked for) at the earliest date, or even near it ; it may
INTRODUCTION iii
be useful to set before the student a somewhat minute analysis,
so. as to enable him to resolve the composite work into its
elementary parts, at least with some approach to verity. This
dissecting process will fall chiefly upon two of the Chronicles,
$t and E, the two which are printed entire in this Edition.
And that will be the case, not by an arbitrary selection, but
by natural incidence. For these two are, in different senses,
the most prominent, and challenge the largest amount of
notice ; the one because it is the highest source, the other
because it presents the latest and largest development, and
the most composite structure of the whole set.
But before we enter upon this analysis, it is desirable to Earliest
form a right notion of the first rude uses of chronicling, what? 10 e
Originally a Chronicle was not a device for arranging a store
of events, and for reducing the accumulations of history to
literary order. It was not (what it at length became) a
method, a system of registration, whereby each event was
put into its chronological place as soon as it reached the
bureau. The chronicle-form had a more primitive use. This
was to characterise the receding series of years, each by
a mark and sign of its own, so that the years might not be
confused in the retrospect of those who had lived and acted
in them. The same thing is done in our day when a man
in middle age begins to experience that the hurry of life
engenders confusion in the memory, and the bygone years
grow less and less distinguishable. In such a case he probably
creates for himself a little ten or twenty years'* chronicle
very brief, each entry only a single notice.
Such a Chronicle as this is not a depository of the accu-
mulations of past events, but a chart of time for preserving
chronological order among the stores of the memory. This
is naturally the first kind of Chronicle which men require.
Perhaps the following may represent the chronological outline
as inscribed in some cotemporary memories :
1807. Abolition of the Slave Trade.
1815. The year of the Peace.
1829. Catholic Emancipation.
1830. Death of George IV Accession of William IV.
1832. The Reform Bill passed.
1837. The Accession of Queen Victoria.
b2
iv INTRODUCTION
1848. Year of Revolutions.
1851. The Great Exhibition. Anticipations of Universal
Peace.
1854. The English and French landed in the Crimea
The Battle of Alma.
The Definition of the Immaculate Conception.
1857. The Indian Mutiny.
1858. The grand Comet, and the drought so great that
in some midland parts the green corn was cut
to feed the cows.
1859. Magenta and Solferino. The last of the dry
summers.
1860. The severe winter.
1861. April. Fort Sumter.
December. The Prince Consort died.
1862. The International Exhibition.
In early times the particulars of past events were much
more trusted to the memory than they are now; and only
the chronological scaffolding was committed to parchment.
We are informed in Professor Wilson's Prehistoric Man
that the Peruvians had a memoria technica, made of knots
upon diversely-coloured strings. A Peruvian woman shewed
a bundle of knotted strings, and said her whole life was there.
Each knot was the index to a story, and all the stories were
preserved in her memory.
Our own early Chronicles are something like this series
of knots; for in their laconic annals much was implied and
little expressed, and therefore they are a set of knots of
which the solution died out with their authors. To posterity
they present merely a name or two as of a battle-field and
a victor but to the men of the day they suggested a thousand
particulars, which they in their comrade-life were in the habit
of recollecting and putting together. That which to us seems
a lean and barren sentence, was to them the text for a winter
evening's entertainment.
Their unfagged memory was richly stored with the events
of their own day, and the legends of their ancestors. What
one had forgotten another remembered, and where memory
failed, imagination came to aid. So far were they from
needing books as depositories of events, they were overwhelmed
INTRODUCTION v
with the treasures of their own memory, and only needed
some guarantee of order amidst the riches of which they
were in possession. Tradition and experience furnished them
with more facts than they had the capacity to accommodate.
Where memory failed, fancy promptly entered, as into a
forfeited domain. The wild and frolic fancy was ever ready,
in the absence of any controlling system of order, to promote
dislocation by an arbitrary reconstruction, to foment confusion
and revel in it, and to conjure up out of the chaos new and
grotesque combinations. Therefore they wanted not History,
but Chronology.
When men had felt the necessity of guarding themselves
against mytho-poesy, they found their first guarantee for
the security of historical truth in tables of chronology. As
long as past events were regarded only as material for
an evening's entertainment, no one cared to preserve them
from confusion and embellishment ; but when a desire of
certainty about the past began to be felt, and unadorned
facts came to be valued, even above the more specious legend,
then it is interesting to watch the steps by which they arrived
at what they wanted. The Saxon Chronicles exhibit this
process more than any (perhaps) in existence.
A numerical list of years was prepared, with a blank space, Mechanical
, -iv . , , m . Structure of
generally only a single line, opposite each number. I ne chronicles,
smallness of the space shews that nothing great was de-
signed, but only a year-mark to know and distinguish the
year by. As many of these blanks were filled in as the
compiler had matter ready for, and the rest were left open
for supplementary insertions. Capgrave in the Dedication of
his Chronicle of England (to be spoken of below) thus ex-
plains the utility of such blank spaces : If othir studious
men, that have more red than I, or can fynde that I fond
not, or have elde bokes whech make more expression of thoo
stories that fel fro the creacion of Adam onto the general
Flod than I have, the velim lith bare, save the noumbir, redi
to receyve that thei wille set in. Many of them remained
blank to the last, and in the older Chronicles they are seen as
blank lines ; but in the later the figures have been copied con-
tinuously, as if they formed part of the text. Out of this
mechanical process of construction grew the fashion of begin-
vi INTRODUCTION
ning the annals with an adverb not of time but of place, HER,
in this place, at this point of the series. The blanks which
were left were not without their use ; they served to give a
quick and almost pictorial measure of the intervals between
the entries.
A tabular system of this sort was appropriately designated
by a word which we find in the Latin chroniclers, Chronogra-
phia*, a sketch or chart of time, a time-table. And this is but
an amplification of the more general term Chronicon, a Chro-
nicle, a Time-book, a book of years; OWn ^IT ^ ow
long the historical mind continued to stand at this incipient
stage, and by what steps it came to require history of a
maturer sort, may in some measure be seen by the analysis of
these Chronicles. And as they range through a space of many
centuries, we must try to fix that point or epoch of time, at
which they originated and from which they have grown in
two directions, backward and forward. It will be a main
object of our analysis to form some clear opinion on this point.
Dr. Pauli has concurred in the opinion " that the Anglo-Saxon
Chronicles were first commenced under Alfred." That the
reign of Alfred is an important epoch in the history of these
Annals, and that in some sense it was a starting-point, is plain
From the great uniformity of all the several members of the
series up to a date in Alfred"^ reign, as compared with their
divergencies after that date. But the difficulties of imagining
that such a collection of annals (meagre as it often is), covering
a period of 437 years, could have been made in 892 if Chro-
nicles had not been kept before, are insuperable. Had there
been a series of authors like Bede, offering to the collector what-
ever he chose to select, it would be different. But even during
the period for which Bede is available^ we find Annals purely
domestic, and derivable neither from Bede nor from any
source that is known to us; I propose then to analyze the
pra3-j;Elfredic Chronicle, not with the expectation of arriving
at an incontestable natural dissection, but in the hope of ex-
hibiting as well the heterogeneousness of the materials that
enter into the compilation, as also the diversities and tran-
' * " Chronographia pangenda est ; " Ordericus Vitalis, vi. i . " Marianus chrono-
graphus," Flor. 1052.
INTRODUCTION vii
sitions of plan and purpose which mark it as a compilation
made from earlier Chronicles.
The seven Chronicles are designated by the seven first letters
of the Alphabet : ft, B, C, D, E, F, G. " And first of
X
A Saxon Chronicle containing Annals from B.C. 60 to A.D. 1070.
This is a manuscript in the library of Corpus Christ! Col- The win-
diGstcr
lege, Cambridge. (MS. C.C.C.C. CLXXIII.) That Society ac- Chronicle
quired it by the gift of Archbishop Parker. It is described
by Wanley, p. 130, and by Mr. T. Duffus Hardy, vol. i. p. 651.
It has every title to rank first in the list of Saxon Chronicles.
Its original handwriting stops at 891, and the summary of
Wessex Kings with which the book is prefaced ends with
Alfred. These features indicate a Chronicle which was
composed in Alfred's reign, or a copy of such a Chronicle.
Whether it is really a manuscript of the last decade of the
ninth century I hesitate to judge.
The penmanship is almost too mature for so early a date.
The style certainly exhibits archaisms fitting the reign of
Alfred, but from the irregular way in which they are scat-
tered up and down, they appear like exceptional instances
in which the copier lapsed into the manner of his original.
There are, however, a few ancient forms in the first hand-
writing which are so constant as to give this MS. an appear-
ance of the highest originality. Such are a for ea, as in al,
Walas ; some archaic uses of the rare diphthong ie, as in
hiera, Miercna; and the form cuom for com. These have
been sometimes called Mercian, and have been supposed to
indicate a Mercian nativity for the early parts of the Chronicle.
But it should be remembered that the vernacular was first
cultivated in Northumbria, and that the Wessex orthography
must at first have been more or less borrowed from the north.
At the Reformation this book belonged to the monastery of
Christ Church, Canterbury, as we learn from some notes of
Joscelin's, preserved in a volume of the Cotton Library*. But
* Vitellius D. vii. See below, in the description of manuscript B, where
Joscelin's note will be quoted in full.
viii INTRODUCTION
its association with Canterbury is almost wholly of the ex-
ternal kind ; the internal characteristics connect it rather
with Winchester. It will appear from the analysis of the
contents that this book or its original was a native of Win-
chester, and was compiled there in Alfred's reign. If not
an original, we may suppose that when in process of time this
Chronicle had become famous and venerable, a careful tran-
script of it was ordered for the Library of Christ Church,
Canterbury. (See below on n.)
But to proceed to our analysis.
i. The prefatory list of the Wessex kings from Cerdic
was originally like a Table of Contents to the Chronicle,
and developed with it pari passu. It seems to have at
one time stopped at Beorhtric, and then again at ^Ethel-
wulf, and lastly to have been brought down to Alfred's
accession, at some time during his reign. It closes with the
mention of his age at the time of his accession, and computes
the years from the foundation of the dynasty to the same
point. To Alfred's reign we must assign all the Annals
down to 449, and many inserted Annals down to 731. The
former were derived entirely from Latin authors, and chiefly
from Bede. They are often a bold verbal translation of
the Chronological Epitome appended to the Historia Ec-
clesiastical e.g. Anno 47. Her Claudius oj>er Romana cy-
ninga Bretene lond gesohte, &c. is a verbal, rendering of
Bede's " Claudius secundus Romanorum Britannias adiens."
But the Annals between 449 and 731 are mixed; and here
we have only to do with those which are borrowed from
Bede. These are 449, 538, 544, 547 (to onwoc), 565, 601,
603, 604, 606, 616, 625, 626, 627, 633, 640, 642, 644,
6 5> 6 5 I ) 6 53> 6 54> part of 655, 660, 664, 668, 670, parts
of 673 and 675, the last clause in 676, 678, 679, 680, a line
and half in 685, 688 (the genealogy excepted), half of 690,
704, 705, the last clause of 709, parts of 716, 725 (part),
728 (part), 729, 731 (part).
Of this whole section, only the preface is original ; the rest
is a work of collection, translation, and bookmaking. It
belonged to the editorial task of throwing the book into
shape, and giving it the required completeness as a Chronicle
embracing the Christian era generally. It was probably done
INTRODUCTION ix
about the year 887. The reasons for this opinion will appear
when we come to that date.
2. The annals from 455 to 634 which have not been A' 2.
classed in the former section. This represents the gleanings and
reconstruction of the half-lost early history of Wessex, at the
time of the first compilation (855). Embodying antiquities of
a high type, it is not the oldest composition preserved in this
Chronicle. It is such history as could still be made out of
oral traditions, and it probably represents the collected in-
formation of the bardic memory aided by the runic stones, and
the roll of kings. Its character is betrayed by an artificial
chronology, in which the numbers 8 and 4 are prevalent fac-
tors. We find for example the following series : 457, 465,
473; 477, 4 8 5- Again, 552, 556, 560, (565 belongs to the
previous section) 568. Certain statements appear to be
only fanciful, the offspring of rude etymological speculations.
Among such may with probability be reckoned the names of
file's sons in 477, Cymen, and Wlencing, and Cissa, which
correspond with a suspicious resemblance to three Sussex
townships, Shoreham (see note on 477), Lancing, and Chi-
chester. No doubt the first adventurers did often call places
after their own names, and therefore it cannot be denied that
the above may be historical.
But no critic will admit the personality of PORT, who is
said to have arrived in 501 in the place called (of course, after
himself) Portsmouth. Clearly the existence of such a hero as
Port was a presumption that arose out of a mistaken notion
of the name Portsmouth, a name which embodies the Latin
word portus, a harbour.
In 508, a local name, Neatanleah (now Netley], which proba-
bly meant a pasture for oxen, is ambitiously associated with
one of the 'most famous of British dynastic names. (See the
note on 508.)
That the hero Wihtgar (514, 534, 544) is a fiction, and
his name merely an eponym for Wihtgaraesburh (530) or
Wihtgaraburh (544), is beyond doubt; whether we suppose
-garaBs- or -gara- to be another form of -wara- (= inhabitants),
as in Cantwaraburh ; or whether we take this " gar " to be
caer or car (the form usual in Cornwall), the British word for
a castle or stronghold.
x INTRODUCTION
No general assertion can be made concerning the historical
quality of this section : each clause must be estimated and
valued for itself. Some parts are pure dream-work, while
others have a historical and trustworthy appearance. These
prevail more and more towards the close of the period, as
if indicating the existence of better documents, which it is
natural to suppose would have been kept with more or less
care from the reception of Christianity. And therefore
the date 634 has been fixed on as the close of this Section,
although there is no appearance of a division, the traditional
being intermingled with the earliest traces of documentary
annals.
3. The annals from 635 to 682, except those which are
disposed of in i. This period, which covers a long genera-
tion of men, contains the first documentary annals of this
Chronicle, and indeed of the whole series of Saxon Chronicles.
In order to understand the nature of this Section, we must
carefully exclude adventitious matter. The insertions from
Bede have already been collected under i . Here and there
may be seen an annal, expressed in riper language, which
(though not found in the Chronological Epitome of Bede)
must be marked as the interpolation of a later Editor. Such
a one is 650. Further, we must eliminate occasional amplifica-
tions, also by a later Editor. Two such may be found on
page 26, in the annals 643 and 648, which have both been
continued by a later hand. The continuation is betrayed in
both instances by the employment of the demonstrative SE in
a peculiar manner. In 643, the original annal, the part which
alone belongs strictly to this Section, ends at " wifit." A later
Editor added : " And this Cenwalh bade build the church in
Winchester" Similar continuations are found also in the
previous Section, e.g. 597, 611. The probable author of
these will be pointed out by and bye. When all these accre-
tions are struck off, there remains a set of very simple and
sober annals, quite free from the romancing air which dis-
covers itself in the foregoing Section, and without any of that
attempt at detail which learning afterwards demanded. These
annals are mere land-marks of time, points fixed here and
there to save memory from chaos, a Chronologia rather than
a Chronicon.
INTRODUCTION xi
The note appended to 643 about the foundation of Win-
chester Cathedral is a guiding one for us in this dissection.
It gives the o/x^aAo? of which we are in search, the central
and germinating point of the Chronicle. The Chronicle which
was begun at Winchester in Cenwalh's church town, supplied
the base of all after collections and accretions, and to this we
trace back the course of English History.
We can hardly suppose that these annals are all strictly
contemporary. Their irregularity forbids the notion. They
were from time to time, perhaps not oftener than once in a
generation, posted up to the current date. Consequently we
may expect to find here and there some tokens of approach
to the actual time of writing. Such an indication may per-
haps be traced in the annal 682, which I have fixed on for
the close of this Section. It is the first instance in which we
find " On ]?issum geare " instead of HER. This feature
recurs 889 ; and the greater certainty of contemporary writing
in that place may be reflected back on this.
4. The next trace of an ancient cessation is at the word ft 4.
'CumbranMn the annal 755. Between 682 and 755 there
were probably one or more intermediate terminations, and the
marks of such may perhaps be discovered, with more or less
distinctness. A likely spot is between J\8 and 7 2 5> wnere
the annals are strongly archaic, relate almost exclusively to
Wessex, and are comparatively circumstantial. But at the
date of 755 we find the conditions of a break more completely
satisfied. The entries of the Bishops of Winchester, which
are given with great regularity from Birinus in 634 down to
the accession of Cyneheard in 754, are henceforth omitted, and
are never again entered except in the most fitful and accidental
manner. This seems to indicate a change of some significance.
Hitherto their accession is recorded as regularly as that of -the
kings, and even (as in 676) taking precedence of the king :
but now they are dropped altogether. It is clear that in the
year 755 the State of Wessex fell into disorder, and that there
was a political schism if not a civil war. The prolongation of
the annal of 755 from " and se Cynewulf &c." has been ap-
pended by a later collector. This Section is almost purely
composed of royal and ecclesiastical Fasti : not domestic
merely, but also Kentish, Northumbrian, and Mercian.
c 2
xii INTRODUCTION
5, The next break was probably at the close of 822. In
the beginning of this Section (758 sqq.) we have mere chrono-
graphy an ineffectual attempt to fill out the tale of years
with corresponding events. The annal 784 seems to shew that
the prolongation of 755 had not yet got into the Chronicle.
The annal 800 though not very long is very circumstantial,
and it relates the death of Beorhtric, of whom at the mention
of his accession in 784 it is said, "and his ryht fsedren cyn
gae]? to Cerdice ;" being the last instance of this archaic for-
mula. Of Beorhtric it is used in the prefatory list of Saxon
Kings, and with him it ceases there, as well as here in the
body of the Chronicle*. These marks seem to indicate a
pause somewhere in the reign of Ecgbryht, and it is fixed at
822 because there the prevalent characteristic of this Section
suddenly ceases. For this Section is highly ecclesiastical, not
only by notices of English bishops and synods, but also it
venerates Rome more than any section previous to the twelfth
century. Nor may we suppose that this is due to later in-
sertions ; because the matter is suited to these times, because it
would be hard to say to what other epoch it should be assigned,
and because we can trace the same disposition on for a few
years after 800, which we fix as the first cotemporary pause
of this chronographer. The same hand may be recognized
down to the close of 822, where there appears to be a sudden
change in the character of the entries. No more about Popes
and Synods ; all is military and political.
To this hand I should attribute the insertion of that interest-
ing observation on the death of Abp. Theodore in 690 : ^Er
wcerun Romanisce biscepas. stylpan wcerun Englisce.
S 1 6. 6. At the year 855 the Termination of an ancient Chro-
nicle is plainly seen, like the lines of some ancient sea-coast
high up in the mainland. At the close of ^E|?elwulf's reign
we find a grand genealogical demonstration, in a style that
implies the utmost heraldic effort of which the times were
capable. In the Preface also we find Jtyelwulf distinguished
by a pedigree attached to his name, running back to Cerdic.
But in the Termination of 855 the line of Wessex progenitors
* The length of the reign of Ecgbryht is not proleptically told at his acces-
sion, as Beorhtric's is in 784.
INTRODUCTION xiii
is continued through Cerdic back to Woden, and through
Woden back into the mists of high mythology, whence the
line of Scripture patriarchs is laid hold of, and so up to Adam,
whose name is then spiritualized into Christ. Whether this
represents merely the epilogue of that ancient royal Stemma,
of which we have had instalments from time to time, or whether
it was composed expressly for this place, it is observable that
from this point forward we have no more of the old pedigrees
which in the former part are so frequent. Either supposition
lends itself readily to the probability that here we are nearing
contemporary history again. For if it was merely a Stemma
that was incorporated into the Chronicle, the termination with
JBthehrulf seems to imply that he was at the time of its in-
corporation the king last deceased.
There is an appearance of recent interest about the reign
of ^Ethelwulf. The Capitals at his accession, and in the year
851, strengthen the significance which we might be inclined
to attach to the triumphal and solemn air of his Pedigree,
with its final AMEN. At one time I thought this Section
might with fair probability be brought home to SwrShun who
was Bishop of Winchester when ^Ethelwulf died. There is
something about the second paragraph of 853 and the whole
of 855 that seems to prompt such an idea. The expression
pa was domne Leo pap See. would very naturally proceed
from one who had accompanied Alfred to Rome. Leo died
the same year as ^Ethelwulf. The first clause in 855 is pro-
bably there by error instead of under 851, as may be seen by
a comparison of Asser. Putting that clause aside, the re-
mainder of 8^5 is very germane to such a character as
SwiiShun. The devotion of one-tenth of his land to religious
uses is told with pious satisfaction ; and the troubles, domestic
and civil, which were averted by -ZEtbrelwulf s return from the
continent, with a discreet reticence not expressed but only
glanced at in the phrase, and his people were fain of his
return. But such an idea seems untenable, if only for the
following reason. The continuation of 855 and the annal of
860 appears like a later appendix by the same hand, and as
the duration of the reign of Ethelbryht is given under 860,
this could not have been written earlier than 865 whereas
SwrShun died in 862.
xiv . INTRODUCTION
Any how, we have here an Editor whose work we can
define and whose hand we can trace even through the mazes
of this composite Chronicle. To him must be assigned, not the
Chronicle as it now stands from the beginning, but from 455
(Hengist and Horsa) to 855, making the necessary exceptions
for later insertions, chiefly those already indicated in i.
The Chronicle of SwiiShun then, (for so I may surely be per-
mitted to call it, honoris causa, as it is at least probable that
it was first wound up during his episcopate and at his See,)
consisted of the Sections 2 6. In this Edition the old
genealogical Preface which had been closed with Beorhtric,
was carried down to " Cerdicing" (p. 4). To this Editor must
be assigned all those amplifications of annals, in which the
connection is eifected by a somewhat marked use of the De-
monstrative SE with a Proper Name, a use which was not
continued in the sequel of the language (as it was in Greek, 6
2coKpdr^s &c.)j but which seems to have had its crisis about
this time. Instances are 597, 611, 643, 648, 660, 670, 674
(without Proper Name), 685, 688, 694, 709 (without Proper
Name), 728, 731, 755, 827, 836, 855, 860. The "se Efel-
bryht" of 860 is (I think) the last instance of this peculiar
usage, which is rendered in F by "$es -d&Selbyrht." The
repeated " se Carl se Carl" of 885 is a different thing.
Here there is a centra-distinction, like that expressed by the
Greek 6 /uteV ... 6 be.
Another little trait may be noticed as marking this Editor.
He has here and there put a Latin title, dux, 837 and 851,
domne Leo pap, 853 ; which is a thing that merits notice only
because of its extreme rarity in these times. On this ac-
count we may almost venture to fix on the annal 792 as an
insertion by this Editor, on account of its " Jtyelbryhte rex,"
in which it is not followed by any of the more recent editions
B C D E F. The prefix domne to the Pope's name had more
favour, it is kept by B C. In G it is Saxonised thus, " J?a wses
ftonne Leo papa on Rome."
Another interesting feature in this Section is the mention
(for the first time) of the present day, and the appearance
of the grammatical First Person ; " and these made the
greatest carnage on heathen marauders that we have heard
tell of up to the present day" (851). This expression might
INTRODUCTION . xv
be used in a contemporary annal, but I am inclined to think it
a later insertion ; and partly because B C D E have a different
order of the paragraphs here.
7. The next division is marked by the change of hand- 3 7.
writing in 891. Whatever uncertainty may beset the previous
analysis, there is no doubt that here we have a natural Section.
It covers a period of 27 years, and every year has its annal ;
a circumstance which (occurring here for the first time) is
in itself a ground of distinction. Some of the annals are
full and circumstantial, chiefly 867, 871, 878, and 885; others
are so in a less degree : while those which are brief, as 869,
872, 873, 879, 880, 886, contain well-selected matter, even
where the scene is altogether beyond seas, as in 88 1, 883, 884.
But these characters change very remarkably at the close of
887. Here we have a singular transition to trivial notices; and
one annal, that of 889, consists of a twofold observation, half
negative and half positive ; one if not both of which would
soon have perished from memory, had it not been quickly
committed to writing. What makes it more remarkable, these
small matters which from their very insignificance indicate a
contemporary pen, are ecclesiastical, whereas the general
character of the Section is by no means so. Moreover, it
is to be observed that the annal 889 opens, not with the
customary HER, but with On ]>issum geare ; a feature which
has already been noticed in 3, where the use I made of
it might seem questionable, but for this confirmatory example.
Here then it appears to me that we are actually on co-
temporary ground, and I differ from Mr. Wright (Biographia
Lit. Asser), who thinks that this part of the Chronicle " was
most probably not in existence till long after Alfred's death."
A contrary view of the case would have dispelled one of
his perplexities, and he would have been at no loss to account
for the discontinuance of the contribution from the Saxon
Chronicle at the year 887, in a work which purports to be
composed in 893. No doubt there were copies made of a
Chronicle which ended with 887, and one of these was in
the hands of the composer of the Asserian Biography. The
last clause of 887 and thence to the close of the first hand
at "gefor" in 891, is largely the work of a man of peace,
whereas the Section as a whole sounds of war. Rare inser-
xvi INTRODUCTION
tions in keeping with this appendix appear at 874, 878, 885.
In this Section we have some of the most archaic Saxon in
the whole Chronicle, and this may appear strange to those
who are not familiar with the intricacies of its structure. The
annal of 876 is one of the best preserved and least altered
pieces of pristine Englisc, and its antiquated style has baffled
the interpreters. Except the story under 755 there is hardly
anything to match it. And this is only a strong instance
of what is felt at many parts of this Section ; it is very
stiff and primitive. The obvious inference is, that the older
parts have undergone a process of modernisation, to which this
has not been subjected. But there are certain archaic forms
which are found both in this and the previous Sections,, which
we here take leave of. After this Section we have no more
cuom, cuomon, but com, comon ; no more hiera, but hiora
and hira ; no more instances of wcerun or other plural praB-
terites in -un. It appears doubtful what is the exact position
of the remainder of 891 (after the change of handwriting)
down to the close of 893. It does not claim to belong to
the next Section, and it is contained in manuscripts (E F)
which omit the next Section. The expression at the opening
of 893, "se micla here J>e we gefyrn ymbe sprsecon," i.e. the
great host which we before spoke about, seems to claim for
this isolated portion identity of authorship with the annals
immediately preceding, and therefore we will consider it as an
Appendix of this Section.
8. 8. Here we have the hand of one who is something more
than an ordinary Continuator, in the author who furnishes
the six and half pages which follow. This is the most remark-
able piece of writing in the whole series of Chronicles. It is.
a warm, vigorous, earnest narrative, free from the rigidity of
the other annals, full of life and originality. Compared with
this passage, every other piece of prose, not in these Chronicles
merely, but throughout the whole range of extant Saxon
literature, must assume a secondary rank. There is some
fine diction in C and D, there is fluent and rhetorical language
in ^Elfric, but the present passage is to these what Thucydides
is to Xenophon.
Here the reader may feel the personal presence of the
narrator more sensibly than anywhere else. It is not merely
INTRODUCTION xvii
that he speaks in the first person (swa ic ser saede, p. 92).; this
we may find elsewhere, as in E 1086, which is also a passage
of much freshness. But this piece of TV is so full of native
force, that its life seems always fresh in it, and it reads more
like a narrative of our own times than of Alfred's.
The writer closes his annual periods with a colophon like
Thucydides, who sums up as each eros r<j> TroAe/jua re\ez/ra
r<36e ov &ovKvbibrjs vvypafyev. So this writer :
and J?8et waes ymb twelf monaft faes j?e hie aer hider ofer
saa com on.
J?aet waes ymb twa ger J?aes j?e hie hider ofer sse comon.
J?aet wses ymb )?reo ger ]?a?s J?e hie on Limene mirSan
comon hider ofer sse.
As to the date of this Continuation it is almost superfluous
to enter into detail, when once the vigour and earnestness of
the narrative are appreciated. Dr. Pauli in his Life of Alfred
says, that this was written "in the following century." As
the end of the century was so near, this may be literally true ;
it may have been written as late as the spring of 901. I
should however prefer to believe that it was composed in the
winter following the campaign of 897, and there is a style
about the paragraph at the foot of page 94 which invites
such a conjecture. It flags after 897, and I doubt not it was
on parchment before Alfred's death in 901. That the Section
belongs to that group of Anglo-Saxon literature with which
the name of Alfred has been justly associated, is manifest in
every part of it, as might be illustrated by several particulars.
E.g. the unusual expression which puzzled Wheloc, "buton
swij?e gewaldenum daele" (p. 91) = " except a very considerable
division. 3 ' This we meet with again in Orosius iv. 9, " mid
gewealdenan fultume" and I have not noticed it elsewhere.
(Adverbially gewealden occurs in the fragment of Zosimas, p.
no. 1. 20. Appendix to my SwiiShun.)
But while the annals 894-897 form a complete episode in
themselves, I cannot distinguish them in anything except their
fullness and exuberance and warmth, from the annals which
follow down to 924 fin. These two parts appear like the
work of one mind in different moods. The piece 894897
exhibits greater intensity of feeling, and so far keeps true to
the drama of history. That the latter items of 897, and
d
xviii INTRODUCTION
especially the paragraph about the death of the king's horse-
thane, as also (though less manifestly) the annal of 898, are
contemporaneous entries desultory and incidental jottings in
a dormant interval of the Chronicle seems, under all the
circumstances, presumably certain. The death of Alfred and
the sedition of Mftelwold do not appear to have been inserted
till after the latter had run its course in 905, or rather perhaps
until five years later, 910. The two sections of JEftelwold's
escapade, under 901 and 910, have not the force of the piece
at the head of the Section, but they bespeak the same hand.
The ten years 901910 are however but scantily furnished,
and in a chronographic manner. The notices of ecclesi-
astics may partly be due to personal distinction, as in the
cases of Grimbald and Asser; but as they are isolated and
exceptional, forming part of no sequence (the line of Win-
chester bishops, for example, having been neglected since 754) ,
we must regard them partly as an eking out of the chrono-
graphy. From the middle of 910 to the close of 924 we
have a steady, regular, well-written narrative, homogeneous
and unmixed in matter, like the head-piece of this Section,
and unlike all the rest of the Chronicle. It is all sieges and
battles, and fortifications and garrisons, and surrenders and
armed pacifications. Not a word of home affairs whether of
Church or State. It is a model of uniformity both in matter
and manner.
One might be prompted to find a break at 920 where 3!
first parts company with BCD, after they have gone thus far
together from the beginning. But this indication, standing
alone, is no evidence of a break in the continuity of 2?, it
concerns only the literary history of BCD. As in the last
Section, so in this, the Termination coincides with a change
in the handwriting; and it may not be amiss to record the
fact, that this transition of penmanship has only made our
division to be put at the close of 924 instead of 925, at which,
from internal evidence (before I noticed the change of hand),
I had long ago placed it.
2C9. 9. The annals 925-975. This Section is so conspicuously
contrasted with the preceding, so clearly defined at its close,
and so strongly characterized in every respect, that I speak
with less diffidence in pronouncing it a natural division. In
INTRODUCTION xix
the first place it is wonderfully meagre, a charge which is
often unreasonably alleged against these Chronicles in the
most undiscriminating manner, but which may be justified here
by a comparison with the historical literature of two earlier
generations. When a critic opens the Saxon Chronicle, in the
seventh century, and cries " How meagre !" we wonder what
standard of comparison he is thinking of, and we should like
to be informed where he has found a nobler vernacular work
produced by any nation at a like stage of its history ! But
here we are in the Tenth Century, and we have behind us
a period of 59 years, during which scarcely a year but has
been chronicled. The earlier chronography or year-marking-
calendar has gradually expanded, and a genial interest in
detail has been unfolding itself when by a transition from
hot to cold we suddenly find ourselves again in a bare chrono-
graphy such as we took leave of as far back as 832, the last
year of 5.
In the next place it is devoid of all uniformity there is no
appearance of a plan. What served instead of a plan, was a
taste for collecting and preserving the national songs. This
Section is as irregular as the last was uniform. The first
twelve years are disposed of in less than as many lines; the
first six having only one entry, viz. the demise of the crown.
Here we find bishops again, the long-neglected succession of
bishops a mere expedient to fill out the vacant years. This
poverty is however disguised, and not inadequately redeemed
by the insertion of those poetical pieces which constitute the
singular merit and ornament of this Section. There are four
pieces : The Battle of Brunanburh, 937 ; the Annexation of
Mercia, 942 ; ^ he Coronation of Edgar at Bath, 973 ; The
Death of Edgar with attendant circumstances, 975. There is
a very observable difference between the first three of these
pieces and the last of them. The first three are concerned
each with a single and momentary event ; the last is a narra-
tive poem and covers a considerable space of time. To say
the least, it enters upon a second year. The first three have
the semblance of popular songs which the collector of 975
merely enshrined in the Chronicle ; but the closing poem of
the Section appears to have been composed for the place in
which we find it. It would seem to be the work of the collector
xx INTRODUCTION
himself, who had a taste for poetry and was himself a poet
and an admirer of poets. The matters contained in the poem
of 975 are not heroic or otherwise proper to poetry (as those
in 937, 942 and 973 are), they are simply historical and would
make excellent prose. Nothing but that love for versification
which at a later date produced a special form of rhyming
literature, can account for the poetic dress of this annal. But
this singularity on the one hand corresponds strikingly with
the composition of this Section on the other a Section whose
chief merit lies in the old songs it has provided a setting for.
It appears to me we can get at one little particular in the
biography of this Collector and Poet. He was a friend and
admirer of Cyneweard, whom he has contrived in the course
of his brief contribution to mention twice ; once in prose 964,
as Abbot of Middelton, and once in verse 975, as Bishop.
We cannot say that Cyneweard's name would have literally
perished but for these two notices, because his name was
enrolled among the Bishops of Wells, and there is a Charter
extant with his signature (Cod. Dipl. 589). But name and
office are hardly enough to quicken the memory of a man;
and this Collector it is who has given Bishop Cyneweard a
niche in history. Not the public importance of the man, but
the personal affection of the chronicler, dictated the language
of this commemoration :
And him tir fsest hseled tyn nihtum ser-
of Brytene gewat* bisceop se goda
Jmrh gecyndne craft' dam wses Cyneweard nama.
And forth away the far-famed hero, ten nights before [Edgar's death]
from Britain had departed, the bishop who was good
by inherited craft ; whose name was Cyneweard.
The expression " from Britain departed " has been inter-
preted to signify his death. If this is the meaning, it is a great
solecism, and must be supposed to convey the great loss his
native land had sustained. But the phrase which tells us
most about Cyneweard is "se goda Jmrh gecyndne craeft,"
the meaning of which has (I suspect) been overlooked. CrSDft
is scientia; thus the astronomers are called in this same piece
crseft gleawe men, scientiaa periti homines ; and Cyne-
weard is said to have been " good by inherited craft/' bonus
per patriam indolem, artem, scicntiam ; narp^av Tf^vrjv (Soph.
INTRODUCTION xxi
El. 1500). And what craft is it likely to have been that
endeared Cyneweard to our Collector what but the minstrePs
craft ? I venture to suggest that Cyneweard Bishop of Wells
was the Poet Laureate of his day, and that he is really the
author of the three pieces in this Section, which are so nobly
and truly poetic, and so unlike the rhythmic labours at its
close. But can we make out anything more about this Cyne-
weard ? If the above exposition is admitted, Cyneweard was
a poet, and the son of a poet. Now we have in Anglo-
Saxon Literature a poet of a kindred name, of whom we would
gladly know more than we do. The poet of the " Elene "
has conveyed his name to posterity in Runes, which he has
woven into his poem, and hence we know that his name was
Cynewulf. Grimm seeks to connect this Cynewulf with Aid-
helm, early in the eighth century. To dissent from an opinion
of Jacob Grimm is like disputing parental authority but in
regard to the date of the " Elene " I cannot follow him. To
my eyes it is palpably a work of the tenth century, and I
know that I am not swayed to this view by the present
exigency, because I find observations to this effect which I
had long ago forgotten, and which were made when I had
no theory to serve in the matter. Indeed the diction of the
" Elene " is so like that of these three minor poems, that it
must be pronounced certainly to belong to the same period. I
venture then to imagine that Cyneweard the Bishop of Wells
may have been a son of Cynewulf the poet of the "Elene."
It is well known that in Anglo-Saxon families the first part
of the name was held in common by many members of the
family, while the second was changed. Thus four of the sons
of J&Selwulf had names beginning with ^E^el viz. JSftelstan,
^E^elwald, ^E^elbriht, and ^E^elred. At another time we find
the word Ead continued from generation to generation in the
the Royal Family: Eadweard, Eadmund, Ead red, Ead wig,
Ead gar, Ead weard. And now as to the ' departure ' of
Cyneweard, which is expressed in these well-marked words,
" him of Brytene gewat " it seems to be suited to
a setting forth to go to a foreign land, and unsuited to signify
death. It appears to be the just opposite of that on p. 1 15 :
ofer bradbrimu Brytene sohtari
over the broad sea, came to Britain.
xxii INTRODUCTION
As far as this text is concerned, we should not be authorised
to fix the death of Cyneweard in 975, but rather his quitting
the country whether into exile or otherwise. His successor
Sigar dates from 975, which would not prove the death of
his predecessor, but would provide a sufficient account for
Cyneweard's death being entered in the Chronicles under
975 ; which entry would cause an unguarded interpretation
of this poetical notice about his departure. In the tenth
century the natural country for an exiled ecclesiastic to retire
to was Italy ; and it is from Italy that we have obtained the
only known original of the "Elene," as well as the other
poems of the Codex Vercellensis. These fragments of our
tenth century literature, which the desolations of the eleventh
century caused to perish at home, come back to us (like the
Paris Psalter) from the lands to which they were carried by
exiled Englishmen. May not Cyneweard have carried into
Italy the poems of Cy newulf * ?
Sio. 10. The annals 9781001. At the close of 1001 the
handwriting again changes, and it is up to that point that a
later MS. (G) is copied from this. Also the matter changes;
so that we have no doubt of a natural Section here. But it is
hardly worthy of the name of a Section at all ; it shows the
neglect of an age when the vernacular literature could not
keep its ground against the now much-cultivated Latin. There
is this point of interest about it, that the whole Section is
peculiar to 7C (G). The only annal which merits particular
notice is the last, that of 1001. This annal has all the
appearance of contemporaneous writing, and most of the others
were perhaps a mere chronography to connect this with the
Chronicle. Also, this annal, and indeed the whole Section,
bears the local impress of Winchester, thus offering a contrast
to the subsequent entries.
is 1 11. ii. The annals 1005-1070. Eleven scattered entries
covering a period of 69 years, and consisting of matters
interesting at Christ Church, Canterbury. The succession of
the Archbishops of Canterbury, and the accession of one or
* It is not impossible that Cynewulf and Cyneweard may be the same person.
Examples are not wanting in which the first part of the name remaining con-
stant, the second part varies: e. g. WigJ?en (833) is Wigfer'S in E.
INTRODUCTION xxiii
two kings, among whom Cnut the benefactor of Christ Church.
His gift of the harbour of Sandwich is commemorated in 1031,
a mutilated annal. The annal of most importance is that of
1070, the year of Lanfranc's arrival in England. This annal
is the earliest record of the dispute for precedence between
the Sees of Canterbury and York. It is significant, that this
Chronicle should cease its vernacular entries at the arrival
of Lanfranc, that distinguished patron of literature. Such a
phenomenon as that of a Saxon Chronicle stopping at such
an epoch, may have been among the causes which led to the
belief that William the Conqueror had entertained the design
of extinguishing the native language. If, however, we examine
the evidence of this Chronicle more closely, we shall be rather
disposed to conclude that Lanfranc may have been the in-
strument of bringing this Chronicle to Canterbury, and lodging
it in the place which kept it till the days of the Reformation.
For the whole of this Section agrees in diction with its last
entry was therefore all written at Canterbury and after Lan-
franc's accession; but the latest previous entry (1001) is con-
spicuously localised at Winchester the MS. was then probably
fetched from Winchester about Lanfranc's coming when the
monks of Christ Church were collecting books, for their own
Library had been consumed in the recent fire. It was then
brought down (in a way) to 1070 in Canterbury matters and
in Canterbury Saxon, and it was never taken in hand again
until the influence of the continental professor had made the
learned society of Christ Church look down on their mother
tongue. This took place about five years after Lanfranc's
death, and then a summary was appended in Latin, which
carried the history down to the consecration of Anselm*.
This Latin continuation represents the transition, which
(after long vacillation) was at length effected from vernacular
Saxon to Latin as the language of English history. How-
ever, the latest work done on this manuscript has yet to be
noticed, and it is in Saxon. This is by an interpolator
and reviser of the twelfth century, whose entries are in this
Edition printed in small italics. I have sometimes indicated
him by the sign a, as on p. 18 n. Many of his entries are on
* In the present Edition this is given in the Appendix, p. 271.
xxiv INTRODUCTION
erasures which he has made of ancient matter uninteresting
to himself and therefore condemned such are especially the
old pagan pedigrees. Then in his insertions, he discovers
himself to have a local aifection for Kent (e. g. 784), and
this, with the likeness of penmanship, makes strongly for his
identity with the compiler of F.
The next three manuscripts have so much in common that
they may be considered as forming a group
B, C, D.
The great features which these have in common are as
follows: : i. Their relationship to 7C is very similar though
not identical, that is, they are rather cousins to each other
than sisters. 3. They all belong to a central period, the
period when the Saxon Literature culminated, and 3. they
are central in the sense that they are free from provincialisms
of language, and 4. their local characteristics are frequently,
though not always, in common e.g. the chronicle of Mercia,
902-921. 5. These three, and no others after 2C, possess the
great passage 894-901 ; and indeed this agreement stretches
further (while E F are almost silent) to the end of 918.
With these great features in common, they have also their
several characteristics, which shall next be considered.
B
A Saxon Chronicle from the Incarnation to A. D. 977.
The Chroni- This is one of the Cotton Manuscripts in the British Museum
(^' ^ Ott * ^er. ^' yi ' ^' I ~34) < I* ^ s described by Wanley,
p. 224 ; and by Mr. T. Duffus Hardy, vol. i. p. 655.
This Manuscript had originally a genealogical Frontispice
like that of 3! ; but carried down to Edward the son of Edgar,
who was the reigning monarch at the final date of this book.
This piece is now wanting to the MS., and our knowledge of
it is derived from notes in the handwriting of Joscelin, and
from a transcript in the Bodleian, made in the i6th or ryth
century, before B had lost its Genealogia/ Joscelin'snote
is preserved in a volume of the Cotton Library (Vitellius D.
vii.), entitled Joh. Joscelini Collectanea. This is a volume
INTRODUCTION xxv
of disjointed papers, and on No. 138 Joscelin has copied the
genealogical Preface, and at its conclusion he notes :
Hie desinit historia Saxonica . . . [burnt] . . . Chr'i Cant :
quam habet Doct. Wutton. Tradit jam historia Saxon ....
Cant : quam habet Joan 3 Tivyne, Cant, selfred heold o^ran . . .
. . . laes ^e 30 wintra. ^a feng eadweard to selfred ^a he forS
ferd 8a feng se'Selstan to his t>a feng eadmond
^er to 3 heold 9 gear 3 6 wucan. ^a feng eadwig eadmundes sunu
to rice. 3 heold 3 gear 3 36 wucena buton 2 dagum. ^a he forSferd
fca feng eadgar to his broker 3 heold 1 6 gear 3 8 wucan 3 2 niht
he forSferd ^a feng eadweard to eadgares sunu 3 heold
Hie d[esinif] historia Saxonica monasterii Augustini Cant.
We know from other notes by the same scholar, that his
Historia Saxonica Monasterii Augustini Cant, is our MS. B :
and therefore we have Joscelin's evidence as well as that of
the Bodleian Transcript, to prove that B had a genealogical
frontispice which terminated in the same reign as the annal-
istic portion.
There is a single leaf in a volume of the Cottonian Library
(Tiber. A. iii. f. 175.) which has been identified both by
Wanley (p. 199) and Hardy (p. 576) with the missing frontis-
pice of B. It contains a genealogy almost entirely corres-
ponding with what we have of Joscelin's copy from B, even
to the circumstance of breaking off abruptly at and heold .
The variations are these : Tiber. 2C. iii. has eadmund (eadmond,
Joscelin) and, ]?a feng eadwig to eadmundes sunu cinges ($a
feng eadwig eadmundes sunu to rice, Joscelin). Insignificant
as these variations are, they are perhaps enough to make us
doubt the identity of the said leaf with that which has disap-
peared from B. If it is not the identical leaf, the coincidence
of its fitting our MS. is all the more curious. Dr. Pauli (Life
of Alfred) thinks it has come from some lost MS. If so, that MS.
must have been nearly related to our B, for it is plain their
historical area was coincident, and the penmanship is so like
that of B, that it requires close scrutiny to distinguish the one
from the other. Upon careful examination it does however
appear that the writing of this odd leaf is firmer and more
vigorous than that of B, and therefore I am inclined to agree
with Dr. Pauli that it is a fragment from a MS. unknown to
us, but probably one made at the same time and even the
e
xxvi INTRODUCTION
same place. A Facsimile of this leaf is given in Mr. Thorpe's
Edition of the Chronicles.
The date indicated by the close of this Preface corresponds
perfectly with the date of 977 at which the annals terminate :
and everything tends to render it probable that this was the
true date of this Compilation. As a slight confirmation may
be noticed the insertion of a single word in the annal for 643.
It is in B that "the church at Winchester" is first altered to
"the old church at Winchester" and this emendation would
naturally occur to a copier in 977, when Bishop M%e\ wold's
new church was in building. But it does not appear probable
that B itself is the identical Chronicle that was made in 977.
It is in the same hand throughout, which though not conclu-
sive against its originality, is injurious to such a pretension.
For the autograph itself would have been usually written by a
scribe down to the close of the Chronicle which served as a
copy, and after that the Annalist would commence his work
in his own handwriting. And the appearance of B suggests
the idea that it is in fact a scribe's copy of this kind prepared
for a stock to graft further annals upon, which intention was
never carried out. It is a nice question for the Saxon expert
to decide, what is the true date of our manuscript B. Mr.
Duffus Hardy has in fact decided the question differently in
two places of his Catalogue. When speaking of the odd leaf
he has attributed it to the eleventh century, and when speak-
ing of the Chronicle itself he has assigned it to the twelfth.
Yet he holds that these two are only parts of one whole.
Verum operi longo fas est obrepere somnum. There is an
oversight here, and I take Mr. Hardy to mean the eleventh
century in both cases. First, for the penmanship is decidedly
bolder and rounder than that of our known examples of the
twelfth century, such as E, F ; and " a " the interpolator
of ff. These are specimens of twelfth century handwriting*
and they already betray a tendency to that pinched angular
and cursive hand which after the twelfth century changed
the aspect of MSS. Secondly, the language in so far as
it has a distinct character, claims kindred with 'K 11,
of which the date is plainly 1070 or thereabout. In both
there is a great proneness to ihe termination in -an, instead
of -on (plural of verbs) and instead of -um (dative). This
INTROD UCTION xxvii
is a variation from which hardly any Anglo-Saxon writing
is free, but it is found in B in such uncommon abundance
as to constitute a feature of the text: e.g. gefuhtan 881,
wurdan, weran, eodan 882, naman 886, forhergodan 887 &c.,
gecyrdan 867, where all the others have -on, and wa3S cuman
(instead of the participal termination -en) p. 178!., is more
marked.
This manuscript is one of the least valuable of the extant Few
Chronicles. It has fewer special characteristics than any one
of the others, and contains very little historical matter which
is peculiar to itself. Consequently, there is no one of the
set which could be spared with less detriment to Saxon
literature. Even those which stand much lower in the scale
of excellence, such as F and G, are more historically important,
because they have peculiarities to recommend them.
Rarely, it offers a variation which is interesting ; there is
one such at 709, where 2? C D E F all say that Aldhelm was
bishop on the western side of the wood (se wses be westan
wuda biscop) B has ' Selwood,' (be westan Selewuda,) to the
west of Selwood. A peculiarity in 755, utan ymbeodan, where
the others have the simple be-, is not without its use in illus-
trating the prefix be-. Where 7? (p. 95 m) with C and D
have " sume haefdon LX ara " B has the weak form of the
genitive plural, arena. But most of its peculiarities are of a
feeble and indistinct kind. Bryten-walda 827, where C D E
have -wealda, may be called a faint archaism. A singularly
strange form occurs at 891, betuh which B has with C;
where betueoh *R, betueoh D G, betwix E, betwyx F.
B has a marked affinity for the next Chronicle C ; beyond
that of a common relationship to *R. They have modifications
of 2, and additions to S, and one peculiarity of arrange-
ment in common with each other, and in contradistinction
from the later D E. For example: Anno 643 B C agree
in the addition ealdan which is not in 7?, and most likely
was not in D (now mutilated in this part), as far as we may
judge of the hiatus from its imitator E. Under 855, in the
close of the genealogy, B and C have Haftra Hwalaing.
Hwala Bediviging. Bedwig Sceafing. id est filius Noe,
where D reads Hcfyra. Hwala Beowung. Beowi Sceafing. id
est filius Noe ; thus exhibiting B and C united in a strong
e 2
xxviii INTRODUCTION
divergence (we should have said a corruption but Kemble
accepted the form Bediuig) from D, where all three are
yet more widely at variance with *R . A decisive instance of
the agreement of B and C against D and E occurs under 877
where B and C coincide in an omission that mutilates the
grammar, while D and E present complete transcripts of 3!,
thus demonstrating that they derived through a channel inde-
pendent of B C. The words omitted are, " and \a mette hie
mycel yst on sse." A second time in the same annal, B and C
have an omission in common, as compared with 7C, where D
and E give the full text of r K. The words are, " cer hie on
]>am fcestene wceron tyoer him, mon to ne mihte." Again, the
Mercian Chronicle of ^Ethelflsed, which is printed in the Ap-
pendix (p. 269) has been embodied by B, C, D. But in B
and C it figures as an indigesta moles after the year 915,
whereas in D it is chronologized and distributed among the
other materials.
From the above considerations I regard B as an eleventh
century copy (made probably at St. Augustine's) of a Chronicle
which was compiled about 977, upon the basis (not indeed
of 'K itself but) of one of that family of transcripts of which
*& is the extant representative. All the evidence favours the
supposition that its existence is due to some local stimulus
which was imparted to literary pursuits in the first half of
the eleventh century ; and of which G (A) is another relic.
c
A Saxon Chronicle from the Invasion of Julius Ccesar to A.D. 1066.
The Abing- This is one of the Cotton manuscripts in the British Museum ;
uicie. Cott. Tiberius, B. i. It is described by Wanley, p. 219; by
Hardy, p. 656. The first handwriting stops at 1046. It
is preceded by two poetical compositions, with which it is
written consecutively, and which look as if they had been
meant to stand as a sort of prelude to the Chronicle. The
one is a description of the months and marked days of the
year, a sort of versified Calendar ; the second is a string of
proverbs. Joscelin has set his Title Chronicle of Abing don at
the head of both of these pieces. Their intimate association
with the Chronicle seems to call for their insertion here ;
fcj
INTRODUCTION
XXIX
and they illustrate the condition of some branches of- know-
ledge and culture which are cognate to the study of history.
The first poem may be considered as the text to a Runic
Club-Almanack. The native month-names are preserved in
it, while the Roman are put forward more prominently : and
under the Christian modifications we may perhaps discern
some traces of the old heathen Calendar. Thus in the month
of February, after fixing the yth as the day on which winter
ends and spring begins, it seems the ancient Year-Rime went
on to tell how the warrior then began to bestir himself, " and
se wigerid ]?a . . " The sentence thus begun is diverted from its
original course, and the warrior melts away into S. Matthias,
whose Festival is seventeen days later.
Cronica Saxonica Abbingdonice ad annum 1066.
* Crist wses acennyd cyninga wuldor
on midne winter msere beoden
ece eelmihtig on }>y eahteoftan dseg
haelend gehaten heofon rices weard.
Swa ba sylfan tiid side herigeas
folc unmsete habba'S fore weard gear.
for J>y se kalendus cyme gebiucged
on bam ylcan dasge us to tune
forma monofe hine folc mycel
January ianuarius gerum heton.
And bses embe fif niht }>set te fulwiht tiid
eces drihtnes to us cyme's
bsene twelfta daeg tireadige
hsele^ heaSurofe liataS on brytene
in foldan her.
Swylce emb feower wucan
bsette solmonafc sige^ to tune
butan twa nihtum swa hit getealdon geo
February februarius faer frode gesibas
ealde eegleawe. And bses embe ane niht
}> we Marian msessan healda'S
cyninges modor for Jjan heo Crist on
beam wealdendes brohte to temple.
Dsenne |?aes emb fif niht f afered
* These Poems have been published by Hickes in his Thesaurus (1705), vol. i.
p. 203, with a Latin translation : and again in a separate form by the Rev. Samuel
Fox with an English translation) Menologium sett, Calendariiim Poeticum, etc.
(1830.)
XXX
INTRODUCTION
lined
monaS
March
Easter
mortal
ApryU
winter of wicum and se wigend J>a
sefter seofentynu swylc browade
nihtge rimes nergendes begen
Mathias msere mine ge frsege
bses be lencten on tun geliden hsefde
werum to wicum.
Swylce eac is wide
cu3 ymb iii. and twa beodum gewelhwaer
his cyme Kalend ceorlum and eorlum
(butan bsenii bises geboden weorSe
feorSan geare been he furSor cyme's
ufor anre niht us to tune)
hrime gehyrsted hagolscuru fserS
geond middangeard Martius reSe
hlyda healic. Deenne se halga
bses emb xi niht sebele scynde
Gregorius in Godes wsere
breme in Brytene. Swylce Benedictus
embe nigon niht bses nergend sohte
heard and higestrang bsene heria'S wel
in gewritum wise wealdendes
J>eowrincas regolfseste swylce eac rimcrseftige
on J?a ylcan tiid em niht healda'S
forSan wealdend God worhte set frym^e
on ]>y sylfan dsege sunnan and monan.
Hwset ymb feower niht feeder onsende
J>ses J>e emnihte eorlas healda'S
heah engel his se hselo abead
Marian mycle f heo meotod sceolde
cennan kyninga betst swa hit gecy^ed wearS
geond middangeard waes f maere wyrd
folcu gefrsege.
Swylce emb feower and ]>reo
niht ge riimes -f te nyrgend sent
Aprelis mona^' on j;am oftust cym^
seo msere tiid mannu to frofre
drihtnes serist J)sen dream gerist
wel wide gehwser swa se witega sang.*
" pis is se dseg ]>8ene drihten us .
wisfsest worhte wera cneorissu
* Psalm cxviii. 24. The rhythmical version here quoted is that of the Paris
Psalter (Oxonii, 1835. Ed. Thorpe) where it is (according to the Latin Psalter)
Ps. cxvii. 22.
INTRODUCTION xxxi
eallum eorSwarum eadigu to blisse."
ne magon we ba tide be ge tale healdan
dagena rimes * ne drihtnes stige
on heofenas up for ban he hwearfa'S a a
wisra ge wyrdu ac sceal wintrum frod
on circule crsefte findan
halige dagas. Sculan we hwse^ere gyt
martira gemynd ma areccan
wrecan wordum forS wisse gesingan
)? embe nihgon tyne niht
bses be Easter monafc to us cyme's
bset man reliquias rseran on ginned
halige ge hyrste f is healic dseg
brymylce bentiid bremu.
mona^S ~ , . , .
May bwylce in burn raj?e smicere on gearwum
wudu and wyrtii cyme^ wlitig scri^San
jjrymlice on tun J>earfe bringe^
Maius micle geond menigeo gehwser.
Swa ]>i ylcan dsege ee]?ele geferan
Philippus and Jacob feorh agefan
modige mago]?egnas for meotudes lufan.
And jjses embe twa niht fte tsehte God
Elenan eadigre ae]>elust beama
on ]?am jjrowode }>eoden engla
/ for manna lufan meotud on galgan
be feeder leafe. Swylce ymb fyrst wucan
butan anre niht fte yldum bring^
sigelbeorhte dagas Sumor to tune
wearme gewyderu paen wangas hra^e
blostmu blowa^ swylce blis astilrS
geond middangeard manigra hada
cwicera cynna. cyninge lof secga^
maenifealdlice mserne brema^
aelmihtigne. paes emb eahta and nigon
dogera rimes fte drihten narn
in o^er leoht Agustinus
blrSne on breostti' jjaas ]>Q he on Brytene her
ea^mode him eorlas funde
to Godes willan' swa him se gleawa be bead
Gregorius. ne hyrde ic guman awyrn *
* Sic MS. A correction has been indicated by Grein (Glossar. v.fyrn), who
would, as I understand him, read gumena fyrn.
xxxii INTRODUCTION
anigne aer jefre bringan
ofer sealtne mere selran lare
bisceop bremran. nu on Brytene rest
on Cantwarum cyne stole neah
mynstre maeru.
tifta paenne mona^ brings
a ymb twa and breo tiida lange
cerra lifta us to tune
Junius on geard* on j>a gim astihft
on heofenas up hyhst on geare
tungla torhtust' and of tille* agrynt
to sete sigeS. wyle sySSan leng
grund behealdan and gangan lator
ofer foldan wang faegerust lohta
woruld ge sceafta. baeii wuldres begn
ymb }>reotyne beodnes dyrling
lohannes in geardagan wearS acenned
tyn nihtum eac* we ba tiid healdaS
on midne sumor mycles on aebelum.
Wide is geweorSod swa f wel gerist
haligra tid geond hseleSa beam
Petrus and Paulus, hwset ]>a apostolas
)>eoden holde )>rowedon on Rome
ofer midne sumor miccle gewisse
furfcor fif nihtu folcbealo }>realic
mserne martyrdom, hsefdon maenige aer
wundra geworhte geond wserj>eoda m
Swylce hy aefterj?am unrim fremedon
swutelra and gesynra J?urh sunu meotudes
ealdor }>egnas. paenne aedre cymt5
emb twa niht Jjaes tidliceus
Julius lulius monaS on |>a lacobus
ymb feower niht feorh ge sealde
on twentigu trum in breostum
frod and faestraed folca lareow
Zebedes afera. And ]?aes symle scrij)
ymb seofon niht J>aes sumere gebrihted
weodmonaft on tun* wel hwaet bringeS
Augustus Augustus yrmen )?eodum
* Tille A rare and interesting word, nom. til: which Ethmiiller (Lex. p. 519)
identifies with the German liet, goal, aim, butt. The sun having ascended to his
highest elevation, then from his goal descends to the ground.
INTRODUCTION xxxiii
hlaf msessan dseg swa ]>ses hserfest cym$
ymbe oSer swylc butan anre wanan
wlitig waestmu hladen wela byS ge y wed
faegere on foldan. }?sen forS ge wat
ymb |>reo niht j^aes J^eodne getrywe
]?urh martyrdom maere diacon
Laurentius. haefS nu lif wrS ]?an
mid wuldor feeder weorca to leaner
Swylce J>aes ymb fif niht faegerust mseg^a
wifa wuldor sohte weroda God
for suna sibbe sige faestne ham
neorxna wange hsefde Nergend >a
fsegere fostorlean fsemnan for golden
ece to ealdre. Jjseii calling by^
ymb tyn niht ]>ses tiid geweorSad
Bartholomeus in Brytene her
wyrS wel ]>ungen. swylce eac wide by^S
eorlu ge ypped sejjelinges dea'S
ymb feower niht se J)e fsegere iu
mid wsetere ofer wearp wuldres cyne beam
wiga weorSlice be him Wealdend cwaa^
^ nan rnserra man geond middangeard
be tux wife and were wurde acenned.
Ond j>ses ymbe ]>reo niht geond jjeoda feala
f te haligmon^ helej?u ge]?inged
fere^ to folce swa hit foregleawe
ealde uj?witan seror fundan.
September Septembres fser and }>y seofo]?an dseg
f acenned wearS cwena selost
drihtnes modor. J>sen dagena worn
ymbe ]>reotyne J'egn unforcu^
godspelles gleaw gast on send e
Matheus his to metod sceafte
in ecne gefean. Jjseil ealling cym
ymb )>reo niht j?ses j^eodu wide
emnihtes dseg ylda bearnuni.
Hwaet we weorSia'S wide geond eorSan
heah engles tiid on haar feste
Michaheles swa f menigo wat
fif nihtum ufor J>aes |>e folcu by^
eorlu geywed emnihtes dseg.
And J>ses embe twa uiht f se teo^a
f
xxxiv INTRODUCTION
winter on folc fereS frode gej>eahte
October October 011 tun us to genihte
winter fylle swa Line wide cig$
igbuende Engle and Seaxe
weras mid wifum. swylce wigena tiid
ymb twentig ]?8es twegra healdaft
and fif nihtum samod aetgaedere
on anne daeg we ]?a se]>elingas
fyrn ge frunan ]> hy fore maere
Simon and Judas symble waeron
drihtne dyre * for J>on hi dom hlutan
eadigne upweg. and J>ses ofstum bring^
embe feower niht folce genihtsum
blotmonafc on tun beornum to wiste
November Novembris nr$a bearnu
eadignesse swa nan o<5er na de^
mona'S maran miltse drihtnes.
And )>y ylcan daege ealra we healda^
Sancta symbel ]?ara )>e si^ o^e ser
worhtan in worulde willan drihtnes.
Sy)>J>an wintres daag wide ganged
on syx nihtu sigelbeortne geninrS
hasrfest mid herige hrimes and snawes
forste gefeterad be frean haese
p us wunian ne mot wangas grene
foldan frsetuwe. j^aes ymb feower niht
^te Martin' maere ge leorde
wer womma leas wealdend sohte
upengla Weard. Jjsenne embe eahta niht
and feowerum f te fangode
besenctun on ssegrund sigefaestne wer
% on brime haran j?e iu beorna felda
Clementes oft clypia'S to jjearfe.
and j?aes embe seofon niht sige drihtne lof
83]>ele Andreas up on roderum
his gast ageaf on Godes waere
alibi fus on forS weer. been folcu bringS
Julmona^
December morgen to mannum mona^ to tune
Decembris drihta bearnu
mrra jula. swylce emb eahta and twelf
niht ge rimes Jjaette nergend sylf
)>rist hydigu Thomase for geaf
INTRODUCTION xxxv
wrS earfe^um ece rice
bealdum beornwigan bletsunga his.
psenne emb feower nibt J>set te fseder engla
bis sunu sende on bas sidan gesceaft
"folcum to frofre. nu ge findan magon
haligra tiid be man healdan sceal
swa bebugeS gebod geond Brytenricu
Sexna kjninges on bas sylfan tiid.
CYNING SCEAL RICE HEALDAN
ceastra beo^ feorran gesyne
orSanc enta geweorc (babe on bysse eorSan syndon)
wrsetlic weallstana geweorc. wind by^ on lyfte swiftust.
J>unar by^ J>ragti hludast. brymmas syndan Cristes myccle.
wyrd by3 swrSost winter by'S cealdost
lencten hrimigost be by^ lengest ceald
sumor sun wlitegost * swegel by^ hatost
hserfest hrefc eadegost heele^um bringe^
geres westnaas J?aJ>e him god sendetS.
so^ bi^ swicolost * * sine by'S deorost
gold gumena ge hwam and gomol snoterost
fyrngearu frod se J>e ser feala gebide 1 ^.
wea brS wundrum cli^bor t wolcnu scri^a^.
geongne ee^eling sceolan gode gesrSas
byldan to beaduwe and to beah gife
ellen sceal on eorle * ecg sceal wrS hellme
hilde gebidan hafuc sceal on glofe
wilde ge wunian wulf sceal on bearowe
earn anhaga' eofor sceal on holte
to^ msegenes trum til sceal on e^le
domes wyrcean* daro^ sceal on handa
gar golde fah * gim sceal on hringe
standan steap and geap stream sceal on yftum
mecgan mere flode msest sceal on ceole
segelgyrd seomian 1 sweord sceal on bearme
drihtlic isern draca sceal on hlsewe
frod frsetwum wlanc fisc sceal on wsetere
cynren cennan cyning sceal on healle
* This maxim, Truth is most misleading, has a strange Machiavellian look
but the virtuous rendering of Hickes, Verus facillimd decipitur, can by no means
be admitted.
f ' clibbor,' adj. adhesive. Woe is wonderfully clinging. C'f. Halliwell, v. CMbby.
fa
XXXVI
INTRODUCTION
beagas dselan bera sceal on
eald and eges full ea of dune sceal
flod grgeg feran fyrd sceal set sorane
tir fsestra ge trum treow sceal on eorle
wisdom on were wudu sceal on foldan
blsedum blowan beorh sceal on eorj'an
grene standan God sceal on heofenu.
dseda demend duru sceal on healle
rum recedes imrS rand sceal on scylde
faast fmgra ge beorh- fugel uppe sceal
lacan on lyfte leax sceal on wa?le
mid sceote scrrSan scur sceal on heofenu
winde geblanden in bas woruld cuman'
peof sceal gangan ]>ystrum wederum
J>yrs sceal on fenne gebunian*
ana inn an lande ides sceal dyrne crseffce
fsemne hire freond ge secean gif heo nelle on folce ge beon
$ hi man beagu gebicge brim sceal sealte weallan
lyft helm and lagu flod ymb ealra landa ge hwylc
flowan firgen streamas feoh sceal on eoran
tydran and tyman tungol sceal on heofenum
beorhte scinan swa him be bead Meotud *
god sceal wr8 yfele geogo^ sceal wrS yldo
lif sceal wrS dea|>e leoht sceal br$ bystrurn'
fyrd wrS fyrde feond wrS o^rum
la^ wi^ la]?e ymb land sacan
synne stselan. a sceal snotor ycgean
ymb jjysse worulde ge winn wearh hangian
fsegere on gildan ^ he ser facen dyde
manna cynne. Meotod ana wat
hwyder seo sawul sceal sy$8an hweorfan *
and ealle }>a gastas j?e for Gode hweorfaft
seft' dea^ dsege * domes bida^
on fseder fse^me is seo forS ge sceaft
digol and dyrne. Drib ten ana wat
nergende feeder, nseni eft cyme^
hider under hrofas ]>e -f her
for so^ mannum secge hwylc sy Meotodes ge sceaft
sige folca ge setu * }>ger he sylfa wunat5 ;
CRISTES GEFL^scnesse Ac. &c.
* gewunian (Hickes) weakens the sense, and destroys the alliteration.
-S
^
::'
INTRODUCTION xxxvii
The Abingdon nativity of C rests mainly on the note of
Joscelin, but it may be corroborated, though not abundantly
yet in some measure, by internal evidence. Both C and D
(as compared with the previous Chronicles) tend to enlarge
our view on the north of the Thames towards the west, in the
line from Abingdon to Hereford. These two are evidently
works of nearly the same date ; they are one in language,
style, and general complexion.
Their general similarity gives special value to the contrasts
discoverable between them : an interesting illustration of their
substantial agreement with verbal differences is to be seen
under 1040. Some of the independent entries of C counten-
ance its Abingdon origin. For instance, D is silent where C
relates in 1044, the promotion of Siward Abbot of Abingdon
to be. Archbishop of Canterbury, and the election of church-
warden EtSelstan to fill the vacant Abbacy : 1047, the death
of Abbot EiSelstan: 1048 Siward's return from Canterbury
to Abingdon. When we find such entries as these, not appear-
ing in the intimately related D, occurring in C just before and
after the date (1046) at which the first handwriting stops, we
can hardly hesitate to conclude that the* book was written at
Abingdon in the midst of these events. To the same effect is
the evidence of the language, which is of the most ripe and
polished kind, marking the culmination of Saxon Literature.
Towards the close of the first hand, we find a series of terse
and spirited annals, offering some of the finest extant samples
of the highly developed Saxon of the eleventh century. The
annal of 1040 may be cited as a fine piece of history in small.
It is full of fact and full of feeling brief and clear and leaves
no doubt as to the sentiments and judgments of the writer.
No one could have written that annal who had not a vivid
remembrance of the occurrences. The like may be said of
others on p. 1 66 sqq.
There are some vigorous annals in the Continuation between
1046 and 1056, after which the narrative is suspended until
1065. The death of Edward the Confessor is then narrated
with extraordinary solemnity, and the accession of Harold is
noticed in terms which imply that the catastrophe of his reign
was already known. Yet his story is pursued only so far as
success attended him. Halfway through the drama of 1066
xxxviii INTRODUCTION
our anonymous author conducts us, to the point where he
leaves Harold victorious at Stamford Bridge. This Abingdon
historian seems to have enjoyed some peculiar opportunity of
information concerning the two great northern fights of Wednes-
day, Sept. 2,0, 1066, and the following Sunday; possibly some
Northumbrian was visiting Abingdon in his travels, and re-
paying their hospitality by a contribution to their historical
collection.
A Northum- One might go on to surmise, that at last he took the pen
graph at the in his own hand and added the incident which closes the book.
close of C
The dialect of this paragraph is not well defined, but the
more salient and constant features appear to be northern.
That old and strong Northumbrian feature of CT where the
Anglo-Saxon spelling is HT, and which is so familiar to the
readers of Beda's Church History, who never writes Beorht
or Berht but Beret, e. g. Bercta, Berctfrid, Berctgils, Beret-
ham, Berctred, ^Edilberct, Cudberct, Erconberct, &c., as also
Drycthelm, Wictgils, Wictred, Wictuarii, and many more
such, this feature is found twice in the strange addition to
C, without a single case of HT. There is micte for mihte,
and nactes for nahtes. The (so early) examples of CH as
gerechen, chinge, michel ; the forms seite, tyurustang, and, not
least, the Norsk word brunie, seem all to indicate a northern
penman.
There are a few marginal annotations in C, in a hand-
writing of the sixteenth century, chiefly in the way of identi-
fying localities. They are the work of a hand whom it would
be interesting to discover. The first of the series occurs at
457, and the note on that annal will indicate where the *
others are to be found.
In 976 there is an isolated little annal, of a great famine,
unnoticed in any other Saxon Chronicle : but not overlooked
by Florence. Another annal peculiar to C is that dated 1039
(p. 1 66 of this Edition), where the Welsh part of the entry
seems to answer to what we read in Annales Oambrice under
the same date.
The relations between C and D are sometimes so intimate,
as almost to suggest that the one may have been actually on
the table at which the other was written. Such a solecism as
that in 992, where three verbs stand in unbroken series, would
INTRODUCTION xxxix
not survive many transcriptions. Both C and D have " sceol-
don cunnian meahton hi"=should try whether they could &c.
but E (who gives the passage almost word for word with C
and D) varies at this place and writes " gif hi muhton."
There is no apparent reason for assigning to C a priority
over D except the undecisive circumstance, that it closes
thirteen years earlier. The body of C and D is identical,
being the Chronicle which is represented in the Latin Annals
of Florence of Worcester. At the same time, together with
this central agreement, there is a divergence in the accretions
of each. C embodies extracts from 3! and B, which do not
appear in D. On the other hand the latter amplified his
history by the incorporation of northern affairs, and became
the parent of a strain of Chronicles of which E represents the
fullest development.
While therefore it is doubtful whether the serial position of Conclusion
C between B and D is chronologically true, it is convenient as origin of c.
an expression of the relation which C bears to B on the one
hand and to D on the other. I suppose then that in or about
the year 1045, *^ e community at Abingdon borrowed books
from Canterbury (B) and from Worcester (D) and composed
from them the present Chronicle : making use of the briefer
Canterbury records for the earlier period. That this part
was copied from a Canterbury book like B, is suggested by an
omission of an essential clause in 877 init. which C imitates,
but which is not followed by D. Another argument for the
close relations between B and C is found in 902, where a
premature entry of the death of EalhswrS, which must have
originated in a blunder, appears in B and C only.
D
A Saxon Chronicle from the Incarnation to A.D. 1079.
This is one of the Cotton Manuscripts in the British Museum : The Wor-
Cot. Tiber. B. iv. It is described by Wanley, p. 220 ; by nicie.
Hardy, p. 657. It is written in the same hand to A.D. 1016,
after which it exhibits varieties of penmanship, which are but
faintly distinguishable.
This manuscript was called by Josselin ChroniconWigornice :
xl INTRODUCTION
and there is internal evidence to confirm this designation.
Many of its marks of locality are common to it with C and
accordingly much that might belong here has been anticipated.
It remains to fix our attention on that which signalizes this
Chronicle and distinguishes it from the others which have
been described, but more especially from C. Here, for the
first time, we find a descriptive Preface taking the place of
the old genealogical one. But the chief distinction of this
Chronicle arises from the introduction of additional materials,
enlarging the field of history by digesting the Mercian and
Northumbrian Annals in their relative chronological position.
This amounts, as Mr. Hardy has already hinted, to the incor-
poration of a distinct Chronicle, or more than one, unless we
suppose it to have been of a composite nature.
This element may be discerned forming a part or the whole
of the annals 737, 744, 752*, 759, 760, 761, 762, 765*,
766*, 768*, 774, 776*, 777, 778*, 779, 780*, 782*, 785 (the
legatine embassy from Rome is likewise found first in D),
788*, 789*, 790, 791*, 792, 793*, 794, 795*. 79 6 , 797, 79 8 *>
800, 802 (both these are eclipses of the moon, which appear
to rest upon the northern authority), 803, 806*, at which point
this source seems to stop. Here there is a large influx of
material, which appears for the first time in D. The annals
marked with an asterisk are entirely composed of new (north-
ern) material. All this mass of particulars now flows into the
series of our Chronicles for the first time, and through Florence
it became the heritage of all the historians. Mr. Stubbs has
supposed (Archaeological Journal, N. 75, p. 236 note) that
this collection may owe its origin to the distinguished bishop
of Worcester, Wereferth, who sate from 873 to 915. He was
one of the chief literary friends and allies of King Alfred, and
Asser ascribes to him the Saxon Translation of Gregory's
Dialogues. The part of the Chronicles which would be spe-
cially attributable to him, are the Mercian and Northumbrian
materials of the eighth century, which we can trace back to
Worcester and no further, and of which Wereferth may very
well have been the collector and curator. It is quite in accord-
ance with the position of Worcester as a bishopstol of Mercia,
' that the preservation of these pieces of history should be due
to that monastery.
INTRODUCTION xli
That D obtained the early or Winchester annals, direct
from Winchester, and not through Canterbury or Abingdon,
appears by a place in 877 where B and C both omit a clause
which is necessary to the sense, and where D has the passage
complete.
In the year 915, while keeping otherwise to his copy, lie
inserts four words [wses Waerincwic getimbrod and] which tell
the foundation of Warwick.
In the tenth century it has the annals 925, 926, 947, 948,
peculiar to itself. And in 959 it is D that first exhibits the
Rime of the Reign of Edgar. At this part D begins to break
away from its old companionship with 7C B C and to strike into
a new line, in which it is followed by E F. Thus we have the
trio D E F on such salient passages as 959, 973 and 979. At
983 C joins this group, and C D E go on together till about
1 020, F sometimes falling in and sometimes falling out. In
this combination we must look upon D as the leader.
It is worthy of observation, that certain entries (956, 1023)
in which the archbishop of York is styled simply "Arch-
bishop," are traceable to D, and may have resulted from the
intimacy which existed in the tenth century between the Sees
of York and Worcester. There is an interesting mark of con-
temporaneity in 1012. It is there said that mighty works were
done at the tomb of S. Alphege in London, and eleven years
later (1123) we have the narrative of his translation to Canter-
bury. This is told with an interest and warmth peculiar to
D, and I attribute the entry of 1012 to D rather than to C,
who shares it. No Chronicle except D has an entry to the.
year 1026.
But the part in which D assumes a strong and distinct
character of its own is after 1043, and the annal 1052(1)
which relates the outlawry of Godwine is the most brilliant
passage of this Chronicle. In this part it has several local par-
ticulars of Western Mercia, (1049, an earthquake was felt at
Worcester, Wic(?), and Derby,) and of the Welsh wars, which
are peculiar to itself. More especially to be noticed in this
respect are the annals 1057-1063. In one of these (1059) is
the consecration of a tower at Peterborough which is omitted
by E, doubtless because that tower had been destroyed in'
the fire of 1116. More unaccountable is the omission in E of
g
xlii INTRODUCTION
a fact in D, 1060, viz. that Archbishop Kinsie was buried
at Peterborough. Was the site of his grave lost in the fire?
When we come to the year 1066, we find D taking a distinct
line from C, in that while the latter is entirely engaged with
the events in the north, D is briefer about the two great fights
there, and goes on to tell the Battle of Hastings, in which this
Chronicle is singular, no one of the others giving any account
of this decisive battle. The narrative is remarkable for its
Saxon spirit, deploring the catastrophe as a judgment from
heaven for national sin. In the thirteen years during which
this Chronicle is continued below the Conquest, the matter is
entirely new, that is, absent from previous Chronicles, and it
has been only partially transferred to the pages of E.
Like C, this book ends with a memorandum by a strange
hand in a strange dialect only here the historical position
of the event recorded is as problematical as the person of the
recording historian. In this Edition it is printed in a distinct
type, p. 216.
An interval The gap of time between the close of this Chronicle and
of chronT- 168 the commencement of that which comes next is over forty
years, taken at its minimum. The latest entry of D is 1079,
and the compilation of E took place, as will be shewn, in 1122.
But the difference in character is far greater than this space
of time would account for. The local difference must be taken
into account, D being a western and E an eastern book. The
compilers of E have written almost, if not entirely, in the cur-
rent phraseology of their day, and their diction is quite that
of the twelfth century; whereas in D, though the most im-
portant part of it was written m the eleventh century, we find
little to distinguish it from the language of the tenth century,
and we feel that we have to do with the preserved and culti-
vated diction of a cloister. But at the same time the matter
of the history is not so much infected with the spirit of the
cloister in the earlier group as in the latter.
The earlier The Chronicles which have hitherto been described are
not " monas- i i i / * i i -i
tic." so remarkably free from local colouring, that they barely
afford sufficient internal evidence as to their native locality.
It is more by external than by internal evidence that they
are assigned to this or that monastery. At a later date, viz.
in the thirteenth century, the Latin Annals acquired a strongly
INTRODUCTION xliii
monastic character, and this has led to a confused way of
treating all the early Chronicles,, as if there were no difference
between them. When it is said, that the monkish annals
ignore matters of public concern, and that their attention is
confined to the interests of the house or of the order such
criticism has no place in regard to !S, B, C, D. If we except a
late entry in 7? (1031), we shall hardly find a sentence in which
local partiality has led the record off from the high road of
national history. (Thus it has been observed by Mr. Hardy
that E has more notices of Abingdon than D has.) But in
the Chronicles of the twelfth century the narrowing influence
of the cloister begins to be felt, though they do not become
monastic in the full sense in which that term is emphatically
applied to the Annals of the thirteenth century.
E
A Saxon Chronicle from the Incarnation to A.D. 1154.
This is one of the Laud manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, ThePeter-
Bodl Laud 636 (formerly, E. 80). It is described by Wanley,
p. 64; by Hardy, p. 657. In many respects this is the most
important of the whole series of Chronicles. It gives 75 years'
history beyond any of the others ; and the variety of styles
renders it one of the chief luminaries of the English language
before the Conquest. It is in one hand to the end of 1121.
It is a book of the Abbey of Peterborough, and affords copious
proof of its own origin. Its existence is probably due to a dis-
astrous fire that occurred at Peterborough, on Friday, August
3, 1 1 16, in which the Minster was entirely consumed and all
the buildings around except the Chapter House and Dormi-
tory; most of the town was burnt also. Probably they lost
their books, and it may have been in consequence of this
loss that we find a new Chronicle started in 112,1. The work
may have been brought down to that date under superin-
tendence, and then have passed from the scribe into the hand
of the principal, who carried the record down to the close of
1131. The work being thus divided into an Old Part and a
New Part, each must have a separate examination.
i. Down to the close of 892 the Old Part embodies the E. 1.
xliv INTRODUCTION
contents of ft i to 7 (except the Preface, in which E follows
D), besides some additional materials. These additions are,
I. The Anglican Chronicle of the eighth century, which has
been already traced in D, where it appeared for the first
time; 2. A small Chronicle of Prankish kings in Latin, e.g.
769, 778, 800, 810, 812, besides a few Latin entries of
English history, e. g. 890, 892 ; 3. Large entries (docu-
mentary or quasi-documentary) on the foundation, endow-
ment, privileges, &c., of Peterborough Abbey : e. g. 654* 656,
675, 686, 777, 852. Some of these are not only in the
diction but also plainly are conceived in the spirit of a
much later age than their date purports; as in 675 (p. 38)
the extravagant pretence that the Abbot of Peterborough was
to be papal legate for all England.
In these inserted pieces we find a confirmation of the
date of E's compilation. A comparison of these with the
language of the continuation after 1121 places it beyond
doubt that the work was compiled at the date where the
first hand stops. At the same time the diction of the in-
sertions cannot be said to be identical with that after 1 1 2 1 ;
for the insertions have a slovenliness all their own. I surmise
that the drawing up of these instruments was committed to
a separate person, who had perhaps special qualifications in
that respect, and that the scribe copied his whimsical or-
thography with scrupulous fidelity, as it was legal documents.
In the rest of the text, though the orthography is modified, it
is not brought to a uniformity with the insertions, and we mostly
find the phraseology of the older books preserved in a mechani-
cal sort of a way. But now and then an alteration seems to
be forced upon the compiler, where the old phrase was too
obsolete to be endured : e. g. in 688, H has and se papa hine
heht Petrus, B and C only change the archaic spelling of
heht to het, but E transforms the expression into and he
him scop Petrum to name. The contents of these insertions
are worthy of their date. Under the year 656, an exemption
for the Abbey from episcopal superintendence is pretended
(p. 31), confirmed by pope Vitalianus (p. 33), and under 675,
confirmed by pope Agatho, whose bull is recited. This, of
course, is pure fiction, and a transplantation of the monkish
ambition of the twelfth century back into the seventh.
INTRODUCTION
xlv
2. Between 892 and 991 is a very meagre century. E. 2.
Sometimes a few brief annals barely redeem the blank, where
the older books are richest. Together with some scraps from
the fuller sources is found also some additional matter, es-
pecially touching northern affairs ; e. g. 921, 927, 928 (Latin),
933, 942, 949, 952, 963. A few larger pieces, e. g. The
Rimes of Edgar 959 and 975, and the Elegy on king Edward
979, complete this meagre century. Into the midst of these
is inserted in the diction of 1121, the restoration of Peter-
borough Abbey under Bp. Athelwold, 963. The fine history
of Edward the Elder, and his victorious career, is utterly
ignored.
3. With 991 (the year marked by the famous name of E.s.
Brihtno^) begins a series of comparatively unbroken con-
tinuity, if we overlook the gap at 1026, 1027, an d that at 1035,
where are faults running through all the Chronicles. But
here we observe traces of a literary motive which has not
appeared in the earlier Chronicles. The compiler is not so
much collecting a history as practising the art of book-making.
Having a good store of records before him, he culls from
this source and from that source such items as are interesting
to himself, or where he has no preference he seems to take
for each year quantum sufficiet. He had such a Chronicle
as C, and such a Chronicle as D, for sometimes he is in verbal
agreement with the one and sometimes with the other. He
agrees with C in 1042, 1043, copying in the latter year a
fact of merely local interest at Abingdon. And C appears
to receive his first attention, the harmony between D and E
being often through the medium of C. But that D was also
present appears from such a case as 1020, where E has
copied from D matter not found in C. In addition to C
and D, however, our compiler had here the help of a chronicle
which is otherwise unknown to us. From such a chronicle
must that clause in 1041 have been copied, where king Ed-
ward is prayed for in terms which could only proceed from
a contemporary. Healde }>a hwile \e him God unne : May
he hold it as long as God permits a formula like God
save the King. Other independent annals about the same
date, e.g. 1031, 1032, 1043, argue the presence of such a
source. The author of this unknown Chronicle must be con-
xlvi INTRODUCTION
sidered as the speaker in the spirited record of 1048, where
he feels warmly on the subject of the Dover quarrel, and
is on the side of Godwine. While on the one hand E brings
in new matter from sources unknown to us, and thus swells
the total of the historical collection, yet on the other hand
he appears as an abbreviator or excerptor of history wherever
we can compare his originals. In fact we have here the
earliest example of a Flores Historiarum. We see large and
interesting matters rejected, which we are confident met the
compiler's eye e.g. the deposition of Stigand, 1042. The
passages relating to Burh (Peterborough) are original and
earnest, e.g. 1066, 1069; and especially the account of the
ravaging of the Abbey by Here ward and his gang in 1070.
This Section closes perhaps with 1075.
E. 4. 4. This is a Section of peculiar interest. Passing over
some annals which are mere collectanea and filling up, we
enter with 1 083 upon the work of a vigorous and sympathetic
annalist, somewhat despondent and lugubrious, and prone
to the gloomy view ; but one whose diction has a certain
gush, and whose whole work has the unity of a genuine and
original outpouring. I cannot confidently trace his hand
beyond the close of 1090. His language is pathetic, some-
times even passionate. The writer was certainly an old man.
Frequent are such words as reowlic, 1086; and on p. 220
it occurs four times. It appears already in 1083. The inter-
jection Eala too, 1086; and twice on p. 220. This Section
corresponds partially with that portion of the Chronicles
"which has been assigned"* to Wulfstan, the famous Bishop
of Worcester. I so far agree with that view as to feel con-
fident that the Section is dated from Worcester, but I do
not believe Wulfstan to have been the author. The way in
which Wulfstan is mentioned in 1087 (p. 224!) seems pre-
sumptive against his authorship, while it indicates some one
who was conversant with him. It says : The revered bishop
Wulfstan seeing these things was greatly disturbed in his
mind: for he it was who had the charge of holding the
castle.
* Dean Hook (Arckceological Journal, March 1863) accepts this authorship
on the representation of the work entitled A Regular Dissection of the Saxon
Chronicle, 1830.
INTRODUCTION xlvii
The writer uses the first person (plural) several times
(p. 223 1 ; 1089, 1090), and in one oft-quoted place dwells
on his qualification to describe the person of the Conqueror,
so as we apprehended him, who looked on him and formerly
resided at his court (p. 221 h).
In accordance with the experience claimed by this author is
the extension of the horizon of observation which may here
be noted ; e. g. 1086, he notices Spanish affairs.
In this Section we first fall in with the modern Definite
Article the: e.g. to J?e cynerice, 1076; )?e Arceb', 1085 ; )?e
ofter man )?e b'stol on Lundene, 1086. This feature de-
manded a passing remark ; but the progress of the language
as exhibited . in these Chronicles is far too la'rge a matter
to be entered upon here.
Neither can we here find room to attempt so intricate and
vext a subject as the Chronology of the Chronicles ; but we
may just note in passing that this Section seems to contain
some indications of the year beginning with Lady Day.
At this period the year mostly begins at Christmas, and
C 1053 has been pointed out [in M. H. B. p. 118, note (3)]
as a late example of beginning on March 25. But here we
have in 1083 a notice of something that happened "the same
year after midwinter " and in 1085 the annal begins with the
Easter Court. Of this Section let it suffice to add that it
must ever reckon among the loci classici of history, and that
it must be read in the original to be appreciated.
5. The Section 1091-1121 (at the close of which the E.5.
first hand comes to an end) may be distinguished from the
last by its frequent use of the prepositional phrase Onmang;
e.g. onmang )?am ; onmang J?isum, p. 227 ; onmang J>ison,
p. 232. Though differing from the former Section in its
tokens of authorship, it appears to be indebted to the same
source, at least in the first half of the Section, and to re-
present Worcester at second-hand. Through all the modifica-
tions which it receives in passing through the hand of the
Peterborough compiler, it still preserves much of the splendid
Wigornian eloquence which is known to us at first-hand in
Chronicle D. The compiler of E had before him a Wor-
cester chronicle which had been carried down to 1107, and
this was his chief resource while it lasted, though he had
xlviii INTRODUCTION
others by the side of it. By comparing Florence in this part
we find verbal resemblances, and where these fail, we still
find identity of sequence in the paragraphs. By such tokens
it plainly appears, that while Florence and 'E have each in-
dependent materials, yet that there is still a common element.
Sometimes an original paragraph was inserted, written at
Peterborough, and then we have an opportunity of seeing
the contrast between English of Worcester modified at Peter-
borough, and the genuine English of Peterborough. The
readiest illustrations of this are in 1107 and 1114, where
the paragraphs about Ernulf declare their own origin, and
exhibit a strong contrast of language. The closing paragraphs
in 1098 and 1102 are also examples. In the former of these
two the writer feels for the tilth on marsh lands as became a
resident in the fens. The same may be said of the notice in
1099 of damage caused by a high flood-tide. The bulletins
of seasons, crops, &c., is quite a new feature in this Section,
coming in as they do with a formal regularity at or towards
the close of most of the annals. Perhaps a succession of bad
seasons had compelled attention to the subject. These are
altogether domestic Peterborough work, on which Worcester
has no claim they are not in Florence. In 1102 we detect
an omission by E, where Florence gives a list of the
Abbots who were deposed, and among them Godric, Abbot
of Burh. These paragraphs are of nearly the same style as
the large insertions above noticed concerning the Abbey of
Peterborough. If not so identical as to indicate the same
hand, they have enough general likeness to be of the same
time and place. The annal 1114 helps to confirm the prima
facie date of the compilation of E down to 1121. It ends
with an ejaculation for the welfare of Ernulf as living :
and he died in 1 1 24. In 1 106 there is a complication of dates.
The account of a strange star appears to have been put on
record at the time of its appearance, and then in 1122 when
that memorandum was inserted in the Chronicle, a further
comment was added : Divers persons said that they in these
times saw more strange stars, but we ivrote it not more par-
ticularly (openlicor), because we did not see it ourselves.
It is a strong feature of this Section, that as a rule each
annal begins with a notice of the King's Christmas Court,
INTRODUCTION xlix
those of Easter and Whitsuntide being sometimes added.
It is worthy of notice that there are three expressions for
Christmas, and that the preposition which goes with them
is always " to." Thus : to mide wintra to Cristes maessan
to Natiuiteft. There is no doubt here at what season the
year begins. At the same time however that the year
begins at Christmas, we find (1096) January i, after the old
Roman Calendar, spoken of as geares dceg, i. e. Year's Day,
Jour de VAn. None of these Curial Fasti are in Florence.
6. Comprising 11221131. This is probably the con- E.6.
tinuation of the Peterborough interpolator or of his col-
laborateur. At any rate, this appears to be ten years of
genuine Peterborough chronicling. Here therefore we con-
sider that E is for the first time standing on its own ground.
The date 1122 seems to have been recognised at Peterborough
as the beginning of a new local era. The Ckronicon Petro-
burgense (printed by the Camden Society, Ed. Stapleton)
begins at 1122; though the main business of that book, viz.
the administration of Abbot Robert de London, dates from
1274-
With this Section that provincial diction and orthogra-
phy which has appeared hitherto only at intervals, becomes
prevalent. The king's name is generally spelt Heanri ;
and many other words shew ea contrary to the usual or-
thography. Examples : weas, wearen, forbearnde, hwear,
%ear, seagon, Gleastingbyrig, geamene, heafde, beteahte,
heafdon, 1101. Such forms are rarely found in the earlier
parts : e. g. streangfte, heafde. Other novelties in spelling
are Norhtwic, Norhthamtune, burch 1122, Burch 1124. That
this would have been considered negligent English by many
even at that time we may see by the hand of a corrector
that has been at work in one or two places. Thus on p. 252
he has corrected heftninge to the literary form heftnunge,
and he has supplied a was, indicating that weas or even
wees was not according to approved orthography. There
are in this Section three allusions to portions of the Liturgy
(1122, 1127, 1131), of which the opening words are cited.
Notices of the physical condition of the people grow more
explicit, and towards the close of the Section ejaculations
thicken. There is every appearance that the writing of these
h
1 INTRODUCTION
annals followed close upon the events. For example, the
closing words of 1127 indicate that the ejection of Abbot
Henri, which took place in 1132, was at the date of writing
yet future.
E.7. 7. The last Continuation, 1132-1154, is also undoubtedly
a domestic composition of Peterborough. Written twenty-five
years later, it measures the decadence of the language at the
self-same spot, and shews what it had become after transmission
to a succeeding generation, the latest that ever wrote history
in Englisc.
In this Section, among other modernisms, we may note that
th is common, as a substitute for the old % or the older J?.
Some letters have changed their forms, especially r, which
is no longer written p, but with a nearer approach to our
modern r, and becoming withal so like j% the character used
in Saxon writing for s, that it misled Gibson to edit rachenteges
as sachenteges, of which word he notes, Qute sit hujus vocabuli
significatio videant alii.
The manuscript of this Chronicle (E) has been described by
Mr. Hardy as ending in a mutilated state ; and Wanley seems
to convey the same idea by saying abrupte desinit Codex.
Certainly the manuscript gives this impression at first sight ;
indeed it requires a minute and patient examination to dis-
cover the fact that there is no mutilation. The last page
appears to have been long exposed to accidents without a
cover, and it has been so rubbed that its contents are but
partially and faintly legible. Dr. Ingram went far astray in
reading it, and his interpretation of the closing annal was
one of the most fanciful things that the study of these Chroni-
cles has ever engendered. But it will be seen by the text
here presented that it has been nearly all made out, and that
the last clause was a pious commendation of the new Abbot,
and that it terminates formally with a triangular punctuation.
The italics are not conjectures, but copied from the MS. with
much difficulty, and consequently some uncertainty. But I
believe I have not printed (without brackets) a single letter
which I have not seen. When in doubt, I tested my reading
by referring to my ever-ready friend, the Rev. Henry Octavius
Coxe, now Bodleian Librarian. Those only are conjectures
which are enclosed in brackets.
INTRODUCTION li
This Chronicle appropriately ends with a local record, as
with a keynote. The pervading spirit of the work is local,
as that of the former four is national. The old chronicles are
made use of chiefly as a setting for the Annals of Peterborough,
and it is sensibly felt throughout that the reader is rapidly
approaching the time when their cloister was to be all the
world to the English monks. Political news is entered merely
as matter of curiosity, and as a contribution to domestic en-
tertainment. The generous forward and onward movement
which enlivens the first group is here replaced by a backward
and retrospective lingering, animated by no stronger passion
than the desire to save a few scraps out of the general wreck.
Both E and F are scrap-books of History, and they belong
to that class of compositions which attained its full develop-
ment in the Latin Flores Historiarum.
Our present manuscript was probably one of the very last
vernacular histories written in England, and almost certainly
the last ever compiled in Peterborough Abbey. From this
time they adopted the Latin, and produced many chronicles
in that language. The collection in Sparke's folio Historic^
Anglicance Scriptores are mostly works of Peterborough ex-
traction, and give Peterborough a prominent place. Hugo
Candidus appears to have made use of this Chronicle (E), from
which he took the past history and rights of the Abbey,
amplifying it rather in treatment than in substance. In his
first sentences he declares that he wrote nothing de suo pro-
prio, but that he had found it all in old Histories.
The Laud MS. has a considerable number of blunders in
it which all Editors have uniformly corrected. But over and
above these there are a certain number of cases in which it
may be doubtful whether we have an error or a provincial
peculiarity. My rule has been in doubtful cases to keep to
the reading of the MS. A very common instance is d for $,
and reversely. I believe I have retained the reading of the
MS. in such cases more frequently than any other editor ;
and if I had the text to print again, with eight years more
experience, I should probably change still less.
The two Chronicles which remain to be noticed need not
occupy us long. They are both of Canterbury, and both of
minor value, but in other respects very dissimilar.
Hi INTRODUCTION
A Saxon and Latin Chronicle from the Incarnation to A.D. 1058.
A bilingual This is one of the Cotton manuscripts in the British Museum;
Chronicle of . . ... _ . TTT ,
Canterbury. Cott. Domitian A. viii. It is described by Wanley, p. 220 ;
by Hardy, p. 660. This is the " Cod. Cotton " of Gibson. It
is in one hand throughout, and that a feeble shambling one,
not unlike the late interpolator (a) in K . A good place for
identifying these two litterateurs is 943, where the text of
F fits in exactly to supply a mutilation in a. It must be
ascribed to the twelfth century; its abrupt ending at 1058
aifords no token of date. It marks by its bilingual arrange-
ment the transition period from the use of the vernacular
to the use of the Latin in English history. There is no
external tradition informing us to what home it belonged,
but the internal evidence assigns it to Christ Church, Canter-
bury.
The matter which is peculiar to it belongs to Kentish eccle-
siastical history, and the first piece is a narrative of the Council
of Baccancelde at which Wihtred king of Kent presided, in
694. In 784 his Latin gives a curious double interpretation
of the HER with which the Saxon Annals begin : 784 Hie
tune temporis fuit in Cantia rex Ealhmundus. In 1006, it
shews a very characterizing lection, prutne here and uneargne,
where C D E have rancne here and unearhne. This is probably
the oldest example of the French Prud used in our modern
sense of Proud : and it seems to imply an advanced decade of
the twelfth century. Some of the entries are only in Latin.
One of these is Cnut's grant of the port-dues of Sandwich to
Christ Church, of which S's account (1031) is mutilated. This
whole Chronicle bears a literary affinity to 1 1 of 7C, which
we have traced to the Cathedral Minster at Canterbury, and
we have yet to notice another book which issued (but earlier
than F) from the same Scriptorium,
INTRODUCTION liii
G
A Saxon Chronicle from Julius Ccesar to A.D. 1001.
This is one of the Cotton manuscripts in the British Museum, A Canter-
marked Otho, B. xi. It is noticed in Wanley, p. 219; and of the win-,
described by Mr. Hardy, p. 654. This volume was supposed Chronicle.
to have entirely perished in the fire of 1731 that destroyed
much of the Cottonian Library then at Westminster. But
three leaves, including annals from 837 to 871, have been re-
covered, and a facsimile of one of them is given in the Monu-
mentaHistoricaBritannica. The handwriting is of the eleventh
century and is most like that of Chronicle B. It also resem-
bles that of the manuscript of Beowulf. In matter, it is simply
a copy (without extra insertions) of I 10 of Chronicle 'K,
and made probably before ? contained any subsequent addi-
tions. Happily, this manuscript had been printed by Wheloc,
whose edition is now our authority for most of this text. No
other copy could have been spared with less damage, because
no other had been edited without intermixture of texts.
Among Usher's Collections in Dublin, there is a transcript by
Lambard, " apparently," says Mr. Hardy, " of this MS."
Seeing the close resemblance of this manuscript to R, and
the fact that its antiquity is not clearly inferior to that of any
manuscript except S, I was dissatisfied with the notation G,
and I have sometimes designated it as A, a more modern form
of $C. The sign G wrongs this copy in point of date in placing
it at the end of the series while on the other hand it fails to
represent the fact that it now rests on an Edition and not on
manuscript authority. The sign A as being a shadow of JC,
or the sign W, the initial of Wheloc, which Mr. Thorpe has
adopted, expresses this better. There is this objection to Mr.
Thorpe's notation, that we lose the means of indicating the
manuscript independently of the edition.
This edition is really a servile reproduction of *R, with
nothing original but its spelling. It seems to have been
made from 2 in the eleventh century at Christ Church (Can-
terbury) at the time they received *R from Winchester, and
before they had made any of the later or Kentish Additions
to K. Had we not possessed K itself, this copy would have
liv INTRODUCTION
been highly esteemed. The following are some of its varia-
tions in spelling:
a G(A)
Creoding. Creoda Cry ding. Cry da 626
j>eode )>iode 627
huerf hwerf 633
Eadwig Eadwic
cyning cyninc
ponces Seizes
belocen haefdon belogene wseron 755
Beorhtric Byrhtric 784
Wifer}> WiverJ>
sige syge 800
scire scyre 851
ridon hie )>ider rydon by Syder
hieran hyran 897
hierdon hyrdon
gehierdun gehyrdun
Sigulf Siwulf 905
hira 1 ( heora
hiera I \ hiora
It prefers the "S to the ]?, the y to the i (also for eo) but
its chief novelties are in the gutturals : e. g. Wicganbeorche
851, doctor ( = dohtor) 853.
One thing that distinctly classes G (A) with the elder group
7C B C D, and distinguishes it from the younger group E F a,
is its keeping the old genealogies.
The handwriting exhibits that peculiar y which is a pro-
minent feature in the calligraphy of 7C, and which may be
seen in the facsimiles. See Monumenta Historica Britannica
for a specimen from the earlier annals, and Mr. Thorpe's edition
for an extract from the tenth century.
supposed The known copies of Saxon Chronicles having now been
otE s Saxon described, it remains to consider what likelihood there is that
more copies may yet be discovered, or whether there are any
traces or notices in literature which justify such an expecta-
tion. For there have been surmisings of the kind in more
quarters than one. Dr. Ingram supposed that the " Hist.
Petrob." referred to as the authority of certain collations in D,
indicated a Chronicle which we do not now possess. But a
INTRODUCTION Iv
comparison of these readings with the text of E will demon-
strate that no other book is meant, but E itself, which has so
just a title to be called a Peterborough History. A more
promising trace seemed to be indicated in the Monumenta
Historica Britannica (Pref. p. 77 note), where, as a hint to
future enquirers, is quoted a note of Dr. Brett's citing Dom
Ruinart's Life of Pope Urban for the fact that there was in
his time a manuscript Saxon Chronicle in the Abbey of S.
Germains des Pres. During the French Revolution, the manu-
scripts of the Abbey of S. Germains that had not already been
stolen were removed into the Bibliotheque Imperiale, and my
valued friend M. le Vicomte de la Villemarque made, at my
request, the most careful search and enquiry to see if any such
a Saxon Chronicle could there be found. He identified the
passage in Dom Ruinart, which is as follows ; " "Nusquam
legitur quot vel qui episcopi ei [synodo] interfuerint, nisi quod
in veteri chronico Saxonico quod M s . habemus, dicatur Henri-
cus in ea Synodo a ducentis fere patribus communione ecclesi-
astica privatus fuisse." What manner of book was indicated
by this vague expression, whether vernacular or Latin, insular
or continental, was uncertain, and the doubt would still have
existed to tantalize the enquirer, had not my indefatigable
friend a second time renewed the search, and succeeded in
identifying the volume in the Manuscript Department of the
Bibliotheque Imperiale. It is marked S. G. P. [S. Germains
des Pres] N. 440, and is entitled Chronicon Saxonicon, but
its second title and that which indicates its real character, is
Chronicon Magdeburg ense ab anno Dni 741 ad annum 1139.
It is in Latin, and has been published in the Collections of Dom
Bouquet and of Pertz.
We proceed next to trace the course of Saxon history as Gradual
emanating from these Chronicles, and embodied by the earliest Saxon
Latin Annalists, and then to observe how it gradually fell into
neglect, until the Revival of Literature again drew attention
to the originals, and a reconstruction of our early history has
been the consequence.
The Biography of Alfred which is attributed rightly or
wrongly to Asser, has embodied the whole contents of the
Chronicle from 851 to 887, with other matter; and it is no
easy problem to solve in what relation these Latin annals
Ivi INTRODUCTION
stand to our Saxon text. In some parts the Latin is the more
ample (e. g. 853), and one might incline to think the Saxon
a vernacular abridgment of the Latin original. Reversely in
855, the Latin wears the aspect of a translation many re-
moves apart from the original Saxon, the sense of which is
at once amplified and corrupted. But the whole question is
surrounded with difficulties, and it does not appear to me
to find a solution in Mr. T. Wright's rejection of the authen-
ticity. No theory of the authorship and date of the work
has ever been proposed which on the whole meets the facts of
the case better than that set forth in the book itself, that
it was written in 893. And I consider the fact of the coinci-
dence with 3! ending so early as 887, at a place where we
have independent reasons for declaring a natural break (see
above, 7C 7) in the Saxon Chronicle, is strongly in favour
of the truthfulness of the professed date.
The Latin But the first comprehensive Latin work founded on the
Etheiweard. Saxon Chronicles is that which bears the magnificent name of
Patricias Consul Pabius Quaestor Ethelwerdus.
The best judges'* seem to agree in identifying the chroni-
cler JEthelweard, with that ' Ealdorman Ethelwerd ' to whom
JElfric addressed certain of his works, and likewise with
./EiSelward ealdorman who was sent in 994 to Anlaf at
Southampton. Possibly he is also the same with the ' ^Ethel-
werd Dux' who signs charters 976-998.
J^thelweard's Chronicle closes with the last year of Eadgar's
reign. That it is in the main a translation of vernacular
Chronicles cannot be doubted. The close resemblance which
it bears to some which we now possess, especially (as Mr.
Stevenson says) to 2C, leaves no room for speculation as to
whence JSthelweard obtained the main body of his material.
The only uncertainty in regard to his work is, how much
of that which is peculiar to his Chronicle was found in the
Saxon Chronicle which he used in other words, how far we
may assume the existence at the close of the tenth century
of a Saxon Chronicle or Chronicles like the Latin Chro-
nicle of ^Etheiweard. It is quite conceivable that with his
* So Mr. Hardy and Mr. Riley ; the latter in the Gentleman's Magazine.
July, 1857 an article to which I am under obligations in this Section.
INTRODUCTION Ivii
noble connections and high public offices he might have
had access to occasional gleanings of new information, and
thus he may possibly have been not merely a translator
the most monstrously absurd of all pedantic translators but
in some little measure an original chronicler and an enricher
of the stores of history. Provoking and irritating as this
writer's manner is, we cannot but prize highly the possession
of his work. He is the only Latin Chronicler that breaks
the vast blank from Asser to Florence, a space of two cen-
turies his faults illustrate while they caricature the culture
of his time and his mistakes afford the best light to
shew us what originals he was working from. It is specially
in this aspect that he claims attention here, and therefore a
few particulars shall be given of the information which is
peculiar to him, and also of the passages in which he discovers
an acquaintance with our Saxon Chronicles.
Describing the Saxon people somewhat after the manner of
E 449, he adds : Porro Anglia Vetus sita est inter Saxones
et Giotos, habens oppidum capitale, quod sermone Saxonico
Slesuuic nuncupatur, secundum vero Danos, Haitheby. Ideoque
Britannia nunc Anglia appellatur, assumens nomen victorum.
500. Sexto etiam anno adventus eorum (i. e. of Cerdic and
Cynric) occidentalem circumierunt Britannia partem,
quse nunc Uuest-Sexe nuncupatur.
519. The battle of Cerdicesford, where Cerdic and Cynric
conquered the Britains and from which dates the rise
of the kingdom of Wessex, is described as being " in
fluvio Avene " which Mr. Riley considers decisive for
Charford on the Avon, Hants.
658-661. Here are two errors which might hardly be worthy
of more notice than that bestowed by the Editors of
M H B, " Hallucinatus est Ethel werdus;" he was clearly
half asleep when he translated " set Peonnum," i. e.
at Pen, into Latin by the words " et Pionna/' thus
" Cenmeath et Pionna reges, &c.," thus transform-
ing Pen from a battlefield into a king. The other
case is also that of mere inattention, where he has
rendered the two words " gehergeade Wulfhere " as
if Wulfhere were the object instead of the subject of
i
Iviii INTRODUCTION
the verb. But we have this interesting result, that
by finding the cause of his errors in our extant Saxon
text we obtain a demonstration of the fact that ^Ethel-
weard was translating Saxon Chronicles, and those so
far identical with our own.
710. Here the translator makes the Cornish king Gerent to
be called " Uuthgirete," because his Saxon said that
Ine and Nun fought " wr3 Gerent/' i.e. against Gerent;
he blending the preposition with the name, says,
"Nunna et Ine reges bellum gesserunt contra Uuth-
girete."
787. The passage about the first arrival of the Danes is quoted
in the Notes to this date.
823. Of the slain at Ellendun: "et Hun ibi occiditur dux
provincia) Sumorsseton ; requiescitque nunc in urbe
Uuintana."
855. After JE]?elwulf s pedigree (in which Ba3ldaBg is called
Balder), he gives a peculiar legend of Scef: " Ipse
Scef cum uno dromone advectus est in insula oceani quge
dicitur Scani, armis circundatus, eratque valde recens
puer, et ab incolis illius terrae ignotus ; attamen ab eis
suscipitur, et ut familiarem diligenti animo eum custo-
dierunt, et post in regem eligunt; de cujus prosapia
ordinem trahit Athulf rex."
867. "in eodem anno migravit Eanulf dux provinciaB Sumer-
setun," .... (and presently his burial) . . . . " ducis
quippe supradicti in coenobio quod Glastingabyrig nun-
cupate."
870. The burial of Edmund king of E. Anglia at Bury St.
Edmunds : " cujus corpus jacet mausoleatum in loco
qui Beadoricesuuyrthe nuncupate."
871. He tells a strange story of .zE]?elwulf aldorman, who fell
at Reading : " Corpus quippe supradicti ducis abstra-
hitur furtim, adduciturque in Merciorum provinciam, in
locum qui North worthige nuncupatur, juxta autem
Danaam linguam Deoraby." But we cannot credit
extraordinary tales in a writer who is capable of such
a blunder as that which follows.
INTRODUCTION lix
876. Et in ipsius anni decursu, exercitus qui in Grantanbricge
fuerat, conjecit statum communem cum oc-
cidental! exercitu, quod ante non usi sunt,
juxta oppidum quod Vuerham nuncupatur, depopulata-
que est ab eis pars major provinciae illius. Quinetiam
rex pactum cum eis pacis confirmat, simulque pe-
CUniam dando. Unlike as this is to the present
Saxon texts, it is plain that JEthelweard had our Saxon
text before him. The clauses peculiar to him are here
printed in thick type, and indeed they are most peculiar
and extraordinary. He makes the army at Cambridge
to join in common quarters (statum communem) with
the western army, a thing which has no existence
at all. Yet this community of encampment and that
visionary western army are both extracted out of the
genuine Saxon text. He manifestly understood "be-
stael" in the sense of "installing; 1 " making the same
mistake (inversely) as that which has been made about
the word " staelwyrSe," (p. 94, and see note). Hence
his " conjecit statum communem !" Then the western
army " cum occidentali exercitu/' is a substitution
for the opposite party, viz. the West-Saxon militia,
" Wessexena fierde ! " After this, we need hardly
trouble ourselves to search for the original of his next
special piece of information that Alfred bought and
paid for the treaty ! A thing so incongruous to the
whole tenor of events must come through better hands
than ^Ethelweard's before we need concern ourselves
about it.
But the Annalist who was the most vigorous of all the Latin The Latin
i 11 i i i v j j.i a Chronicle of
compilers, and who more than any other embodied the oaxon Florence of
** TV/Yirtka4-*yt*
Chronicles into his work, was Florence of Worcester.
He died in 1118, four years before the compilation of E, and
his last annal is 1117. But the first Continuator who carries
his Chronicle on to 1141 goes over the ground occupied by
those subsequent annals which are the special property of E.
The narrative of Florence may often be identified with the
Saxon Chronicle, more especially with D (for the early part),
whose words are sometimes rendered into strange forms of
i 2
Ix INTRODUCTION
Florence of Latin, as in io<2 (1051) where the micel unrced of D is
tlT,. .,.,-.., + ,. ^ \ vy /
Latinized into magnum insilium. The intimacy between
Florence and D is another proof of the Worcester nativity
of the latter. For the period after 1079, where our D ceases,
Florence must certainly have had by him a continuation of
that same Chronicle (now lost), which continuation was excerpted
from by the compiler of E. There seems no other way of ex-
plaining the result of a comparison between Florence and the
only Saxon Chronicle (E) which here remains to be compared.
Florence appears to give the whole Chronicle of which E
presents selections. Thus the death of Wulfstan, which is
told in Florence with the utmost pomp, is omitted in E. On
the other hand the great passage of E (1085 sqq.) which
has been called " The Annals of Wulfstan " are not found in
Florence a thing quite unlikely had they really been Wulf-
stan's. After the date of 1107 the affinity with Florence
disappears. Subsequent historians followed Florence, and the
narrative of E from 1107 to 1154 remained unknown to
history until modern times.
A good illustration of the wide interval between the early
Saxon Chronicles and Florence is supplied in 901, the account
of the death of Alfred. There is in the original all the
simplicity of a contemporary bulletin, but in Florence is seen
the magnifying effect of two centuries of posthumous fame.
It is for the sake of this contrast that the parallel passage
of Florence is given opposite to 7C 901 (p. 97).
There is often an amplification of language in the Latin
annalists which might seem at first sight to point to a fuller
record than these Saxon originals, when it is really no more
than a rhetorical expansion. The following parallel furnishes
only an ordinary example :
D 827.
and se Ecghryht laedde fyrde to
Dore wrS NorShymbre and hi
him jjaer eadmedo budon and
gej)wsernysse and hi on ]>am
to hwurfon.
FLORENCE 827.
Deinde suam movit expediti-
onem ultra Humbrae flumen ;
cui Northymbrenses, in loco qui
Dore vocatur, occurrentes pa-
cifice, ei concordiam humilem-
que subjectionem obtulere ; et
sic ab invicem divisi sunt mag-
na mentis alacritate.
INTRODUCTION Ixi
There are, however, important additions in Florence, both Florence of
such as might be expected from his seeing Chronicles lost to
us, and also observations and reflections such as contemporary
writers were not in a position to make. Thus in 1007, where
all the Saxon Chronicles merely notice in the fewest words
the appointment of Eadric as ealdorman of Mercia, Florence
draws his character and gives enough of his pedigree to ex-
hibit the degree of kin in which Earl God wine stood to him.
Where, however, the Saxon is unintelligible, and we expect
light from early Latin translators, there it is rare to get
it. They seem to have felt the same difficulties as we do.
Thus in the next annal to that last noticed, viz. in 1008, where
there is much obscurity, we find in Florence nothing but a bald
verbal translation, and we only learn from it that he had the
same Saxon before him as we have, and could make no more
of it than we can.
Simeon Of Durham need only be noticed here with
reference to the first of the two Chronicles that go by his
name. Into this composition the Saxon Chronicles do not
largely enter but he produces between 735 and 802 materials
from some Northern chronicles or registers that we have
no other trace of.
Henry of Huntingdon was wanting in some of the chief
qualities which make a historian, but he was richly endowed
with those of secondary rank. He was a bad chronographer, don -
and not jealous of inaccuracy ; but he delighted in graphic
narration and he had a poetical love for antiquity. He was
an amateur and an antiquarian. To him we owe the earliest
mention of Stonehenge. He had a great fondness for the
old Saxon Chronicles, which in his day were already some-
thing curious and out of date, although his Annals close at the
same date as E, viz. 1 154. He does not decline to notice the
old genealogies, leading up to Woden or higher, and which
the enlightened of his day affected to despise. Nay, it is in
that twilight of history, where the Saxon Chronicle is of most
dubious authenticity, that he has poured out the wealth of his
historical rhetoric, imitated from Orosius and perhaps some
historians of the classic age. Thus in 508 he has expanded
two lines into a circumstantial battle-field occupying a consider-
able paragraph. In 514 we have another example of fictitious
Ixii INTRODUCTION
Henry of ornament, only here he draws not upon his classic studies, but
don. upon his memories of old native poetry, which are far more
entertaining. On the whole it may be said that not one of
the early Chroniclers shews so much of the Englishman, and
none grounded his work so entirely on Saxon Chronicles.
He is the only one who has attempted a Latin version of
the old Saxon ballads. His translation has been quoted on
page 113 opposite to the oid Song of the Battle of Brunanburh,
and it may readily be seen how the old poetic Englisc puzzled
him. He was forty or fifty years junior to Florence, and in
the twelfth century this interval made a great difference in
the transition of the language. Florence rendered the short
annal of 67 1 Hcer wees ]>cet micle fugla wcel thus, Avium
strages facta est permaxima, but Henry of Huntingdon by
Maxima pugna volucrum in Anglia : and he goes on to con-
firm the credibility of such an event by averring that a battle
of the birds had happened at Rouen in his own day, that
thousands were slain, and that the foreign birds took to flight.
It cannot be said that the word wcel excludes this interpreta-
tion ; it is in fact just as dubious as Florence's Latin strages,
who seems to have exercised a sort of economy in adopting
this exact verbal rendering. Roger of Wendover took the
Battle of the Birds for his Flores Historiarum, using the
phraseology of Henry of Huntingdon, except that the millia
occisa became multa millia occisa.
Henry of Huntingdon has the appearance of special know-
ledge in two or three places concerning the kingdom of Kent
at the crisis of its fate, wKen it was about to be merged in the
growing power of Mercia. Lappenberg gives him credit for
it (Geschichte, vol. i. p. 233), but on examination it comes to
nothing in every case but one. That one is considered in my
note A. D. 785.
On the year 1006 I cannot forbear to notice a rendering
which has both surprised and gratified me. I have ventured,
in a note on this annal, to paraphrase what appeared to me
to be the feeling conveyed in the words to heora ganvan
feorme, and which I imagined no one had pointed out. Florence
neglects it, and I had overlooked Henry of Huntingdon who
has given it admirably: Quocumque autem pergebant, quce
parata erant hilariter comedentes, cum discederent in retribu-
INTRODUCTION Ixiii
tionem procurations reddebant hospiti ccedem hospitio flam- Henry of
mam. don<
In the year 1008 we have a specimen of his antiquarianism,
in the definition, which he has added, of a c Hide* : Hida
autem Anglice vocatur terra unlus aratri culturce sufficient
per annum.
Again in ion, the Sack of Canterbury, we see that he had
before him the old Elegy Wees %a rcepling &c. (C D E), which
we cannot trace in the lamentations of Florence.
These are the Latin Annalists of the first rank after the Neglect of
Saxon Lite-
SaXOn Chronicles, and these became the new medium of the rature.
old Saxon history. We perceive in reading their pages, and
in Henry more than any other, that Saxon Literature is
already a thing of the past. If we had not been able to look
as it were through their eyes at the Saxon Chronicles, we
could not have discovered how antiquated they had become in
the twelfth century. Already in 1154, where Henry and E
alike end, the country had gone far in that transition which
made Saxon a dead language. The continuation of E down
to a date which enables it to close abreast of Henry, is a pecu-
liarity and must be regarded as a mark of special attachment
to the old neglected vernacular. In those days of local isola-
tion there were many places in which a fashion or a sentiment
might hold out as in a stronghold against a prevalent disposi-
tion for change. Nor is it perhaps altogether foreign to
remark, that this specimen of a Saxon Chronicle which over-
lived its day, comes to us from that part of England which has
the credit of having stood out longest for Saxon independence.
William of Malmesbury comes after Henry of Huntingdon, wmiam of
* ' Malmes-
not as a matter of dates, but as belonging to a new class of bury,
writers. He aimed at being a historian of a higher order, at
grouping his history, and making it more instructive and
entertaining. To a certain extent he succeeded : but he too
utterly slighted the office of the chronographer. The further
history departs in form from the Chronicle, the more necessary
is it that the historian should be strong in his chronographic
elements. Malmesbury was not so he sometimes inverts the
order of events. His main idea was entertainment, and for
that purpose he embodied materials not only from Chronicles
and other sources properly historical, but also took the attrac-
Ixiv INTRODUCTION
tive stories out of the hagiographies. He does not, like
Wendover, adopt a title which avowedly sets forth this inten-
tion ; but history was now moving altogether in the direction
of Flores Historiarum or Elegant Extracts out of History-
books.
As Malrnesbury used a variety of sources for English History,
and as he moreover worked in a good deal of contemporary
foreign history occasionally, and all this without making his
work much more bulky than that of Florence it follows mani-
festly that he had less room to spare for the Saxon Chronicles,
of which large portions were now dropped out of history, not
again to be taken up, until modern times. For Malmesbury's
work carried with it a prestige of finality, and it was long
before any one reopened the sources from whence he had
drawn. Thus it came to pass, that with the growing mass
of ever-accumulating materials of history, the later having
always preference over the earlier, the Saxon period shrunk
up into the smallest compass and no one ever attempted to
reconstruct it. The work of Matthew of Westminster two
centuries later, was the next history that obtained a wide cir-
culation but it was, as its title bears, a Flores Historiarum.
When English history had been for three centuries and more
in the hands of these Latin historians, and when the mother
tongue begins again to appear in history, Saxon history
had almost vanished. What place it held in the view of the
historians of the fifteenth century we may judge from Cap-
grave's Chronicle of England. The Provincial of the Austin
Friars composed this work in his old age for his own particular
use, as a mnemonic of history. Here is his own account of it :
Now is age com, and I want ny al that fchuld longe
to a ftudier ; yet it pleafed me, as for a folace, to gader a
fchort remembrauns of elde ftories, that whanne I loke upon
hem, and have a fchort touch of the writing, I can fone
dilate the circumftaunfes. It is instructive to note how
little Saxon history was appreciated by this diligent student
and voluminous writer, one of the most learned men of his
time. His Chronicle is busied about Popes and Emperors and
Sarasines, &c., insomuch that his Saxon ancestors never get
mentioned till 701. Then he produces " the Heptarchy" com-
plete : And undir this Pope too Kyngis of Ynglond went to
INTRODUCTION Ixv
Rome, and were mad there monkis ; and this was aftir the
Brutes blood was oute of the lond, for than was the lond
divided in to vii kyngdammes.
And ye fchal undirftand that this divifion began in the
firft coming of Saxones, luhech was in the $ere of oure Lord
455- And here we will exprefse the vii regiones, who [how]
thei were departed in this lond.
The firft kyngdam luas in Kent, where the firft Kyng was
Hengift, fyc.
After an interval which fills ten octavo pages we have
another notice of Saxon history, under 855, as follows :
In this tyme the Danes aryved into Ynglond, with too
curfed captaynes, Hingivar and Hubba. Thei diftroyed
the cuntre, and killid the glorious Kyng Edmund y firft with
fchot of arowis, and then fmete of his heed.
The history of King Alfred is disposed of in the following
lines :
In this, tyme regned Alured in Ynglond, the fourt son of
Adehvold. He began to regn in the %ere of our Lord
DCCCLXXII. This man, be the councelle of Seint Ned,
mad an open Scole of divers fciens at Oxenford. He had
many batailes with Danes; and aftir 'many conflicted in
which he had the wers, at the laft he overcam hem ; and be
his trety Godrus here Kyng was baptized, and went horn
with his puple. XXVIII $ere he regned, and deled the
servaunt of God.
These illustrations will serve to shew to what a state of
inanition Saxon history was reduced in the fifteenth century.
Few only of the historical names are known, and these are
handled with a strangeness suitable only to phantoms like
Cophetua, Moelmud, and Pharamund. There is a semi-,
mythical air over the feeble narrative, which might have
developed into a downright myth, but for lack of interest.
The ' Heptarchy' itself is a real myth, a thing which no
writer could have propagated, but under the favouring shadow
of general ignorance. In short, Saxon history was lost and
forgotten. It has been admirably observed by Lappenberg,
that the splendour of the Norman aristocracy extinguished
the memory of Saxon times, and that Shakspeare, whose
genius found materials in all lands, and in all ages of European
k
Ixviii INTRODUCTION
historia quam habet Doctor Wutton Decanus EccVice Chri"
Cant.
This Dr. Wotton (Nicholas) was the first Dean of Can-
terbury, made by Henry VIII in 1541, after the Dissolution.
He was also made Dean of York (1544), and Prebendary
of York (1545). He managed to hold both Deaneries under
Henry, Edward, Mary, and Elizabeth. He was one of Henry
VIII's executors, of Edward VTs privy-council, Secretary of
State (1549-50), Ambassador to Naples (1551), one of Queen
Elizabeth's first privy-council. He died January 26, 1567.
This distinguished and well-endowed ecclesiastic was a papist,
and therefore Archbishop Parker can hardly be considered
as an impartial judge of his character ; but he speaks of
" Mr. dean Wotton " as having been not over scrupulous about
appropriating church property*. A fine Italian statue of him
(kneeling) may be seen in the Cathedral at Canterbury, at the
N.E. curve of the apse, close to where was once the shrine of
Becket. He was great-uncle to Isaac Walton's Sir Henry
Wotton.
Joscelin is called by Strype (P. ii. 251), "John Josselyn,
an Essex man, the Archbishop^s Secretary." In the same
page it appears that he wrote himself "Mr. John Goscelin."
Elsewhere he is spoken of as Sir Thomas Josseline's brother,
an antiquary in the archbishop's house, who wrote the history
De Antiquitate Britannicce, Ecclesice^.
The Chronicle C is called by Joscelin not only " Chronicon
Abbendoniae," but also " MS. Boyer." This is explained by
Mr. Hardy as follows : " Before it became the property of
Sir Robert Cotton it belonged to Bowyer, who was keeper of
the Records in the Tower."
With the revival of literature English History came to be
composed on a larger scale, and the list of books which
Holinshed prefixes to his History of England is an illustration
that research was now pushing its way back into antiquity,
although the necessity of reaching the highest sources was
not yet perceived. It was reserved for John Milton to lead
his countrymen back to the originals of their early history,
* Correspondence of Archbishop Parker (Ed. Parker Society), p. 304.
t Ibid., Introductory Notice.
INTRODUCTION Ixix
by being the first to publish a history of the Saxon period
derived from the Saxon Chronicles. In exploring the Saxon
literature he had the guidance of his friend Junius, the
famous Anglo-Saxon scholar and editor of Caedmon ; and
who appears from his collations to have contemplated editing
the Chronicles. But there was already a published edition,
and Milton was the first historian that had the benefit of a
printed Saxon Chronicle. Abraham Wheloc, Professor of
Arabic at Cambridge, had published it in 1643, under the
title of Chronologia Anglo- Saxonica, at the end of his edition
of Beda's Historia Ecclesiastica (folio). He used the manu-
scripts ??, which he calls the Bennett MS., and A (G), which
he calls the Cotton MS. It was from this latter that he took
his text, probably because he found it rather the easier to
understand. The variations were added from 7?. This edi-
tion is now all the more prized since its principal has been
almost consumed by fire, and consequently the print has as-
sumed the place of an original. The three imperfect leaves
which have been saved, are evidence of the fidelity of Wheloc's
edition, and establish his text as a true representative of A (G).
But his translation exhibits mistakes such as might be ex-
pected in the first revival of the old Englisc historical litera-
ture. Thus in 894 (p. 91 of this Ed.) buton swij?e gewaldenum
dasle (except a very considerable division) is translated "ex-
cepta valida Wallensium parte," and printed "buton swij?e
Gewealdenum dsele." In the same annal (p. 93) sio laf
(the remnant) is made a man's name of : " Turn Laf de East-
Anglis et JNorthymbris magnum exercitum ante hiemem coegit."
In 897 it is said that Alfred had long ships built, shapen
neither on the Frisic nor on the Danish model, but just as
he himself thought most likely to be useful nawfter ne on
Fresisc gescaepene, ne on Denisc, &c., which Wheloc renders,
" neque inter Fresones neque Danos fabricabantur." In 937
he bespeaks the consideration of the reader : " Idioma hie
et ad annum 942 et 975 perantiquum et horridum Lectoris
candorem et diligentiam desiderat." In 962, mancwealm an
epidemic and maribryne a conflagration, with the aggravatory
prefix man (Germ, mein as in metnetb), are translated as
if the first syllable were man = homo ; " Eodemque anno
permagna erat mortalium lues ; mortaliumque magna Londini
Ixx INTRODUCTION
inflammatio." In 975, ofer ganotes baeft (over the gannet's
bath, i.e. over the sea) is rendered "per Ganotas diluvium."
Wheloc did not know of the qualities of this oceanic bird, the
gannet, which from its great powers of flight can traverse
vast tracts of sea or land in a short time, and which being
met with very far from its usual haunts, would readily com-
mend itself as an emblem of the sea to the seafaring mind
of our ancestors.*
Gerard Langbaine (who died Provost of Queen's College in
1658) had been preparing an edition at Oxford, but when
Wheloc's appeared he relinquished it. Wheloc's was a tolerable
performance for his day, but Gibson's Edition in 1692 was
a great improvement on it. The Title is Chronicon Saxoni-
cum ex MSS. Codicibus nunc primum integrum edidit ac
Latinum fecit Edmundus Gibson A. B. e Collegia Reginm.
It was at the instance of John Mill, the laborious author of
the Exemplar Millianum, that Gibson was moved to under-
take this work, and to do his best to produce a complete
Edition. His friend Mill had urged him, he says : Esse
nimirum Annales istos augustissimum plane Antiquitatis
monumentum, ac quale frustra apud gentes vicinas quce-
siveris ; fontem ipsum e quo hausta sunt et ad quern exigenda,
quce de rebus istorum temporum tradunt Florentius aliique
posteriores Historici. Chronicon hoc mirifice prcvdicare,
ejusque editionem Cantabrigiensi multb auctiorem et quidem
omnibus numeris suis absolutam flagitare eruditos. Gibson
was greatly helped by the opportune publication of Hickes's
Saxon Grammar, which enabled him to gain a firmer hold
on this ancient language. He had also the great advantage of
applying to Hickes himself in every difficulty. The conse-
quence was that his Edition, if not quite as perfect as his
ambition designed, was a great advance upon Wheloc's, and
altogether an admirable work. His Latin version is in general
not only correct but happy. Substantially it has been the
basis of all later versions, although there are a certain number
of passages which he did not understand. His text was based
upon E with modifications from 2, B (through a paper-tran-
* Observations on Natural History, by the Rev. Leonard Jenyns. Van
Voorst, 1846, p. 193.
INTRODUCTION Ixxi
script in the Bodleian), F and G. He considered it his
business to construct a text by collation of these authorities,
just as if he had been editing a Classical Author. He pro-
duced this edition at the early age of 23, and thus laid
the solid foundation of that knowledge of English antiquity
for which his name is still celebrated. In working on the
Saxon Chronicle he acquired that interest in and admiration
for Camden's Britannia, which led him next to translate and
enlarge it.
From Gibson's Saxon-Latin Edition an English translation was
made by Miss Gurney, and printed anonymously. When her
work was far advanced, she learnt that Dr. Ingram's Edition
was expected, and consequently she desisted from ' the idea
of publication, and took only a limited impression for circu-
lation among her friends. To this highly endowed and
benevolent lady, however, belongs the honour of having first
printed an English translation of the Saxon Chronicle. It
was entitled, A Literal Translation of the Saxon Chronicle :
Norwich, 1819. This is not a mere Englishing of Gibson's
Latin, but a work which displays knowledge of the original.
I have referred to it in the Notes on 871 and 896; in the
latter case as giving the only real translation of the passage
that has appeared up to the present day. In 905 the passage
" betwuh dicum and Wusan &c." is thus illustrated with the
translator's local knowledge of East Anglia : "and he laid
waste their land between the Dyke (the Devil's Ditch) and
the Ouse as far northward as the fens." The last clause in
1003, " ferde j?aer he wiste his y3 hengestas," (went where he
wist his sea-horses were,) had been given up by Gibson with
the exclamation, Hujusce clausula quis sit sensus me om-
nino latet. Miss Gurney translated it partly right, only
she carried the poetical metaphor too far : " and thither he
carried the irprovender to his horses of the sea, [his plunder
to the ships]." In j 137 the word " horderwycan" was given
up by Gibson : but Miss Gurney rendered it " treasurer's
house," which, though only partly right, has never been
bettered by any translator except Mr. Stevenson.
Dr. Ingrain's Edition appeared in 1823, furnished with a
variety of apparatus, and an English Translation parallel to
the Saxon.
Ixxii INTRODUCTION
Dr. Ingrain's praise consists in this, that he added to his Edi-
tion the yet unedited matter of the three important chronicles,
BCD. In his Preface he spoke of the Saxon Chronicle in the
following grandiloquent terms : " Philosophically considered,
this ancient record is the second great phenomenon in the
history of mankind. For, if we except the sacred annals of the
Jews, contained in the several books of the Old Testament,
there is no other work extant, ancient or modern, which ex-
hibits at one view a regular and chronological panorama of
a PEOPLE, described in rapid succession by different writers,
through so many ages, in their own vernacular LANGUAGE."
This is a passage of which it would be as difficult to
dispute the sentiment, as to defend the diction. The mean-
ing is plain, viz. that putting aside the Hebrew annals, there
is not anywhere known a series of early vernacular history
comparable with the Saxon Chronicles. This appears to be
no more than the sober truth, and undeserving of the derision
which Mr. George P. Marsh, in his Origin and History of
the English Language (1862), has visited Dr. IngranVs ex-
pressions with. It is to be regretted that an author who has
treated the latter part of his subject with knowledge and
ability, should have thought it necessary to deal with a period
which he has not studied. He has quoted as " fair specimens'"
of the Saxon Chronicle the annals 449, 473, 509, 616, 671,
793 ; and after conferring some faint praise on 755, he sums
up, " But taking the Chronicle as a whole, I know not where
else to find a series of annals which is so barren of all human
interest, and for all purposes of real history so worthless."
(p. 105.) Mr. Marsh has failed to perceive that there might
be more in the Saxon Chronicles than met his eye at the first
glance.
In the year 1830 there appeared a volume entitled Ancient
History, English and French, exemplified in a Regular Dis-
section of the Saxon Chronicle. In this work a spirited at-
tempt was made to assign each section of the Chronicles to its
true author but there was too much arbitrary assertion and
too little historical argument in this Essay. Had the author
joined the requisite patience and delay to his talent for insight
into antiquity, he might have cleared up some of the obscure
passages of Saxon times.
INTRODUCTION Ixxiii
In the year 1848 appeared the folio volume entitled Monu-
menta Historica Britannica, which was intended to be the
first of a Series of the ancient Historians of this Realm ;
undertaken in pursuance of an Address presented to the
Crown by the House of Commons in 1822. That plan has
not been continued, but an octavo Series has been substituted
for it. This splendid volume contains the Historians down to
1066, and among others the Saxon Chronicles, so far as that
date, where they are broken off. The text is partly on the
syncretistic and partly on the parallel plan, according to tho
degrees of harmony or divergence between the MSS. in each
part. It had been prepared with great diligence and care
by Mr. Petrie, and was completed and edited by Mr. Duffus
Hardy. An English translation is given parallel to the
original. The collection of readings at the foot of the page
offers to the eye a comprehensive view of the varieties of
orthography which characterize the several manuscripts.
In the year 1 853 a Complete Translation of the Chronicles
was published by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, Vicar of Leigh-
ton Buzzard, in a Series entitled Church Historians of Eng-
land (Seeleys). This Translation consisted of the Version in
the Monumenta Historica Britannica (which Mr. Stevenson
adopted by permission) as far as 1066 ; and a new or revised
Version of his own down to 1 154. On the whole, this appears
to be the best Translation which has hitherto appeared.
The Master of the Rolls gave us in 1861, by the editorship
of Mr. Thorpe, a complete Edition of the six manuscript texts
in parallel columns. The seventh authority (G) was not
admitted in the text of Wheloc, but only the small fragments
of it which are preserved in three imperfect leaves of the
original manuscript. It may be doubted whether the parallel
scheme properly admits so much correction as the editor has
supplied, whether for instance it would not have been more
true to the plan, if the annals of B had been left undated
where they have been so left in the original but it would be
ungracious in the extreme to detract from the value of a book
which must be allowed to be one of the greatest boons that
could have been conferred on the Saxon student.
While critics and translators have been at work on the
texts, the labour of the historian has been supplied by able
1
Ixxiv INTRODUCTION
hands, so that the Saxon period has been at length thoroughly
restored to modern history. In the Histories of Sharon Turner
(1799-1805), of Sir Francis Palgrave (1832), of Lappenberg
(1834), and the various works of the late Mr. Kemble, the
treasures of Saxon History have been explored and are now
placed within reach of all.
The present Edition of the Chronicles presents to the student
the two texts which are most remarkable in themselves and
most worthy of being set together in contrast, together with
characteristic parts of the other texts, so as to supply a com-
prehensive view of the whole series without the omission of
any important feature. In the Notes an attempt has been
made to clear away some of the obscurities which still remain :
and the Glossarial Index has been made as perfect as possible,
in order both to open up the text and to take the measure
of the Saxon historical vocabulary.
In conclusion, I have to thank many friends who have given
me occasional help and information in the course of the work
but in particular I must name two, the late Archdeacon
Hardwick, Fellow of S. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge, who
compared my printed text of 7C with the MS., and the Rev.
F. Harrison, Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, who gave me
important help at a time when I was disabled by an .accident
in the eye.
I have also to acknowledge the kind and hospitable manner
in which the Master and Fellows of Corpus Christ! College,
Cambridge, enabled me to collate their valuable manuscript
(?C), not without trouble and contrivance on their part to
observe the stringent rules by which their manuscript stores
are guarded, and at the same time to prevent them from being
an obstacle' or inconvenience to me.
COKEIGENDA
Page 16 anno 552 for Seaxo read Searo
57 line lo/or. ser read set
106 . . 14 for tit read tin
138 (F. 1003) for Exonia read Exonia
194 (C. 1065 line 4) for fo read for
222- line 1 3 /or Mann read mann
223 .. 30 for waellan read paellan
248 .. 2 for ealles read ealle
252 . . 15 for Wundford read Mundford
TWO
SAXON CHRONICLES
PARALLEL.
B
THE PARKER MS.
pY GEXRE pE W^ES XG7CN FR3M CRISTES
acennesse cccc wintra. and xciiii uuintra. j?a Cerdic
and Cynric his sunu cuom up set Cerdices oran.
mid v scipum. and se Cerdic wees Elesing. Elesa
Esling. Esla Gewising. Giwis Wiging. Wig Freawin-
ing. Freawine Frijmgaring. Fri]?ugar Bronding. Brond
Bceldseging. Bceldaeg Wodening.
Ond |?tes ymb vi gear J?aes ]?e hie up cuomon ge eo-
don West Seaxna rice and J>set uuseron J?a serestan
cyningas ]?e West Seaxna lond on Wealum ge eodon
and he haefde J?set rice xvi gear and J?a he ge for ]?a
feng his sunu Cynric to j?am rice and heold xvii
winter, pa he ge for J>afeng Ceol to J?am rice and
heold vii gear, pa he ge for }?afeng Ceolwulfto his
bro]?ur and he ricsode xvii gear and hiera cyri g<ej>
to Cerdice. pa feng Cynegils Ceolwulfes brojmr sunu
to rice and ricsode xxxi wintra and he on feng serest
fulwihte Wesseaxna cyninga and ]?a feng Cen walh
to and heold xxxi wintra and se Cen walh waes
Cynegilses sunu and J?a heold Seax burg his cuen an
gear J??et rice sefter him. pa feng ^Escwine to rice
J?ass cyn gcej? to Cerdice and heold ii gear, pa feng
Cent wine to Wesseaxna rice Cynegilsirig and ricsode
vii gear pa feng Cead walla to J?am rice J?ses cyn
gcej? to Cerdice and heold iii gear. Da feng Ine to
Seaxna rice ]?ces cyn g<ej? to Ceardice and heold
xxxvii wintra. pa feng yEj?elheard to J?ses cyn g<ej?
to Ceardice and heold xiiii winter, pa feng CuJ> red
to J?aes cyn g<ej? to Cerdice and heold xvii gear, pa
THE LAUD MS.
(E)
Brittene igland is ehta hund mila lang. and twa hund brad.
And her sind on J?is iglande fif ge]?eode. J Englisc. and
Brittisc. and Wilsc. and Scyttisc. and Pyhtisc. and BocLeden.
Erest weron bugend J?ises landes Biittes. )?a coman of 2 Arme-
nia. and gessetan sirSewearde Bryttene aerost. pa gelamp
hit ^ Pyhtas coman suj?an of Scithian. mid langum scipum
na manegum. and )?a coman aerost on nor)? Ybernian up. and
J?aer bsedon Scottas "j? hi fter moston wunian. Ac hi noldan
heom lyfan. forSan hi cwaedon 3 J?a Scottas. we eow magon
j?eahhwa$ere raed gelseron. We witan o)?er egland her be
easton. ]?er ge magon eardian gif ge willaft. and gif hwa eow
wrSstent. we eow fultumiaft. f ge hit magon gegangan. Da
ferdon ]>a Pyhtas. and geferdon )?is land norj?an weard. and
suj?an weard hit hefdon Brittas. swa we ser cwedon. And )?a
Pyhtas heom absedon wif aet Scottum. on )?a gerad ty hi
gecuron heora kyne cin aa on ]?a wif healfa. )? hi heoldon
swa lange syS^an. And f>a gelamp hit imbe geara rina. -p
Scotta sum dsel ge wat of Ybernian on Brittene. and J?es
landes sumdsel geeodon. and wes heora heratoga Reoda
gehaten. from J>am heo sind genemnode DselReodi :
lisc. BrytWylsc. Scottysc. advecti.
Pihttisc. and Boclseden. D. This Pre- 3 forSan hi cwsedon >a Scottas.]
face (which is found in D. E. F.) is Here is an omission, occasioned by the
gathered from the first two chapters of copier jumping to another cwsedon in
Beda's Eccl. Hist., of which it is a neat advance of him. MS. D. gives the pas-
summary ; and, excepting Beda's phy- sage correctly : forbon be hig cwaedon
sical description, very complete. J>aet hi ne mihton ealle aetgsedere gewu-
2 Armorica is meant. Beda i. i. de nian \>ter. And J>a cwsedon J>a Scottas.
tractu Armoricano, ut fertur, Brittaniam We magon eow hwseftere reed geleeron.
B 2
4 THE PARKER MS.
feng Sige bryht to J?aes cyn g<e}? to Cerdice and heold
an gear, pa feng Cynewulf to rice J?ses cyn gee]? to
Ceardice and heold xxxi wintra. pa feng Beorht ric
to rice J?ses cyn g<ej> to Cerdice and heold xvi gear.
pa feng Ecgbryht to J>am rice and heold xxxvii
wintra. and vii monaj? and J?a feng yEj?elwulf his
sunu to and heold nigon teo$e healf gear. Se yE]?el-
wulf wees Ecgbryhting. Ecgbryht Ealh munding.
Ealhmund Eafing. Eafa Eopping. Eoppa Ingilding.
Ingild Cenreding. and Ine Cenreding. and Cu]?burg
Cenreding. and Cuenburg Cenreding. Cenred Ceol-
walding. Ceolwald CuJ?wulfing. CuJ?wulf Cuf> win-
ing. CuJ> wine Celming. Celm Cynricing. Cynric
Cerdicing,
Ond J>a feng yEf>elbald his sunu to rice and heold
v gear, pa feng yE}?elbryht his brojmr to and heold v
gear, pa feng /E}?ered hiera bro]?ur to rice and heold
v gear, pa feng yElfred hiera broj?ur to rice and )?a
was agan his ielde xxiii wintra. and ccc and xcvi
wintra J?ses f>e his cyn aerest Wesseaxna lond on
Wealum geodon:-
Cristes geflsescnesse Ix wintra. Gaius lulius se
Casere aerest Romana Bretenlond gesohte. and Brettas
mid gefeohte cnysede. and hie ofer swij>de. and swa
J?eah ne meahte J?ser rice gewinnan :
1. Octavianus ricsode Ivi wintra. and on J>am
xlii geare his rices Crist wses acenned.
2. Da tungelwitgan of east dcele cuomon toj?on
f>83t hie Crist weorj?edon. Snd J?a cild on Bethlem of
slaegene wserun for Cristes ehtnesse from Herode.
3. Her swealt Herodus from him selfum ofsticod.
and Srchilaus his sunu feng to rice.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 5
Sixtigum wintrum ser J?am J?e Crist were acenned. Gaius
Julius Romana Kasere mid hund ehtatigum scipum 4 gesohte
Brytene. per he wes serost ge swenced mid grimmum ge
feohte. and micelne deel his heres forlaedde 5 . And j?a he
forlet his here abidan mid Scottum 6 . and gewat into Gal-
walum. and )?er ge gadorode six hund scipa. mid )?am he ge
wat eft in to Brytene. And J>a hi serost to gedore ge raesdon.
j?a man ofsloh $es Caseres gerefan. se wes Labienus 7 ge
haten. Da ge namon ]?a Walas. and adrifon sumre ea ford
ealne mid scearpum pilum 8 greatum innan {?am wetere. sy
ea hatte Temese. J?a ^ on fundon iSa Romani. j?a noldon hi
faron ofer j>one 9 ford, pa flugon ]?a Bryt Walas to f>am wudu
fserstenum 10 . and se Kasere geeode wel manega hehburh mid
mycelum ge winne. and eft ge wat into Galwalum :
ANNO 1. Octavianus rixade Ivi wintra. and on j?am xlii
geare his rices. Crist wses acenned.
2. Da tungel witegan of east dsele coman to ]?an p hi Crist
wurSoden. And )?a cild on Bethleem of slagene wseron for
ehtnesse fram Herode. and he swealt ofsticod fram him
sylfum. and Archelaus his sune feng to rice.
4 ceolum D. MS. little or none) hiberniam. Smith's
5 forlsedde] disperdidit. Beda. This Ed. first restored the true reading,
word puzzled Bp. Gibson, and he pro- ^ gerefan. se wes Labienus] Labie-
posed to read forlset (forlet). But nus tribunus occisus est. Beda. It was
forlsedan is quite appropriate here, as really Q. Laberius Durus. Caesar. B. G.
Beowulf 4084 (Ed. Th.) will bear out. v. 15.
The usual meaning of forlsedan is to 8 stsengum D. acutissimis sudibus.
mislead, lead into mischief; or as Kern- Beda i. 2.
ble has it, Gl. Beow., * in perniciem 9 >one is demonstrative. They forded
ducere," which suits this place. at another place. Quod ubi a Roma-
6 forlet his here abidan mid Scot- nis deprehensum ac vitatum est. Beda
turn] legiones in hiberna dimisit. Beda. i. 2.
An odd mistake, but quite explained 10 An error of the scribe for fste-
by the fact that many copies had num. Cf. mor festenum. 878. D. has
hibernia or (the difference being in westenum, wastes, wildernesses.
6 THE PARKER MS. (ff)
4. From frym)?e middangeardes oj? J?is gear wseron
agan v J?usendu a wintra and cc wintra.
1 1. Her onfeng H erodes Antipatres sunn to rice in ludea. and
12. Philippus and Herodes todceldun Lysiarn and
ludeam feowricum todceldun.
16. Her feng Tiberius to rice.
27. Her onfeng Pilatus to gymenne oner \>a ludeas.
30. Her waes Crist gefulluhtud. and Petrus and
TCndreas gehwierfede. and lacobus and loannes and
Philippus and f>a xii apostolas.
33. Her wses Crist ahangen from fruman middan-
geardes ymb v J?usendo wintra. and cc and xxvi
wintra.
34. Her wses Paulus gehvvierfed. and scs Stephanus
oftorfod.
35. Her se ead*ga Petrus se b apostol gesset biscep
setl in 5?ntiochia J>aere ceastre.
39. Her onfeng Gaius rice.
45. Her se ead*ga Petrus se apostol gesset biscep
setl on Rome.
46. Her Herodes aswalt. sej?e lacobum ofslog ane
geare ser his agnurn dea]?e.
47. Her Claudius of>er Romana cyninga Bretene
lond gesohte and ]?one msestan d<el J?aes ealondes on
his gewald onfeng. and eac swelce Orcadus j?a ealond
Romana cynedome under J?eodde. piiwufafeu&tffeafe*
his t ices, and on \>ys ylcan geare gewearft ne mycela hunger on Siria \>e Lucas reti$
on \>are boc Acf Aplor'.
62. Her lacobus frater Domini J>rowode.
63. Her Marcus se godspellere for}?ferde.
69- Her Petrus and Paulus ]?rowodon.
70. Her Uespassianus onfeng rice.
a The u has been erased, and so has thority of A.
the o in Jmsendo, infra 33. These b Both here and in 45 the definite
vowels have been restored on the au- article has been erased.
THE LAUD MS. (E)
11. Frarn frymSe middan eardes oj? Jns gear waeron aganv
Jmsend wintra. and cc wiiitra 1 .
12. Philippus and Herodes todaeldon ludeam. iiii ricu to
daeldon.
16. Her feng Tiberius to rice.
26. Her on feng Pilatus gymene ofer fa ludeas.
30. Her wses Crist gefullod. and Petrus and Andreas ge
hwyrfede and lacobus and loh's and J?a xii apl's.
33. Haer wes Crist ahangen. fram fruman middan eardes
ymb v Jmsend wintra. and cc. and xxvi.
34. Her wses scs Paulus gehwyrfed and scs Stephanus
oftorfod.
35. Her se eadiga apostol Petrus geset biscopsetl on
Antiochia ceastre.
39. Her on feng Gaius to rice.
45. Her se eadiga Petrus se apostol ge set biscop setl on
Rome.
46. Her Erodes swealt se Se lacobum of sloh. anum geare
ser his agenum deaiSe.
47. Her Claudius Romana cining gewat mid here on Bry-
tene. and ty igland geeode. and ealle Pyhtas. and Walas
under ]?eodde Romana rice. Bis ge feoht he ge fremede ]?am
feorftan geare his rices, pam geare gewearS se mycla hunger
on Siria. )?e wes forewitegad on Actib; Aprorum Jmrh Aga-
bum fone witegan. pa feng Nero to rice sefter Claudie. se set
nextan forlet Brytene igland for his uncafscipe 2 .
62. Her lacobus fr Dfii ]?rowade.
63. Her Marcus se godspellere for$ ferde.
69. Her Petrus and Paulus ]?rowodon.
70. Her Vespasianus onfeng rice.
1 This is the Chronology of Eusebius,
founded on the numbers in the patri-
archal genealogies according to the Sep-
tuagint. For once, the teaching of the
great master is rejected. Beda preferred
the authority of the Hebrew text, as
Jerome had done, but so far from gain-
ing followers, he was almost called a
heretic for questioning the established
opinion. Eusebii Chronicon, (Venetiis
1 8 1 8,) pp. 66, 149. Browne's Ordo
Sseclorum, p. 334.
2 uncafscipe, ignavia, neglect, sloth.
The simple adjective caf is very rare in
Anglo-Saxon, and in the other Gothic
dialects almost if not quite lost. In
the A. S. poets it is found once, Helen
56, cafe to cease, alacres ad pugnam,
where see Grimm's note. Diefenbach
(Gothisches Worterbuch) would give it
a distant connection with the widely
branched root cwic, vivus, quick.
8 THE PARKER MS. (S)
71. Her Titus Uespassianus sunu in Hierusalem
ofslog ludea cxi J>usenda.
81. Her Titus feng to rice se{?e Scede J?set he )?one
daeg forlure J?e he noht to gode on ne gedyde c .
83. Her Domitianus Tites bro$ur feng to rice.
84. Her lohannes se godspellere in Pathma ]?am
ealonde wrat J>a hoc Spocalipsis.
99. Her Simon se apostol woes anhangen. and lohannes se godspellere hine
gereste in Epheso.
101. Her Clemens papa for\>ferde.
110. Her Ignatius biscep J?rowude.
155. Her Marcus Antonius and Aurelius his brti&er fengon to rice.
167. Her Eleutherius on Rome onfeng biscdom.
and }?one wuldorfsestlice xii winter geheold. To J?am
Lucius Bretene kyning sende stafas. bed J?aet he
waere Cristen ge don. and he J>urh teah d J>aet he b<ed.
And hi syWSon wunodon on rihton geleauon o^8e Diaclecianes rice.
189. Her Severus onfeng rice and ricsode xvii win-
ter. Se Breten lond mid dice be gyrdde 6 from se oj?
SeC. and \>a ge endode on Euerwic. and Bassianus his sunu feng to rice.
200. Twahundgaera.
283. Her \>rowade Scs Albanus mr.
300. Dra> hund gcera.
379. Her Gratianus feng to rice.
c The words of the A. S. Orosius, 3 It is hard to fix the idea of bred,
but not in the original Latin. It seems to represent Beda's duxit, he
d By a little scraping and patching led or drew a line of wall. And this
a has converted the simple prose of 2? agrees with the use of the preterite
into the more pompous form, and him breid a little later, as in Lajamon.
weertS tij>od J?eet lie beed. The com- But the context suggests rather the
pound J>urh.teon looked strange in ancient associations of oferbregdan,
Norman times, and it may be doubted brsegd, Andrew 1307, 1541, where
whether it lived beyond the age of Grimm renders superstruxit, induxit,
JElfred. It occurs twice in the A. S. texit.
Beda (Ed. Smith), p. 642, 30; 647, 2. There is a third phase of the word,
(Bosw.) In Orosius vi. i (ad fin.) the brsedan, to open, spread, extend. Thus
participle "Suruhtogen. of the expansion of birds' pinions,
e This looks as if culled from the Cod. Ex. 289,13, wineleas guma. gesihiS
A. S. text of Beda i. 5, where the style him beforan. fealwe wegas. ba>ian brim
is very majestic. . . . and hit begyrde and fuglas. brsedan fej>ra. The upper work
gefsestnade mid dice and mid eorj?wealle was a palisade. He spread a bulwark of
fram see to see fram oj>rum elreordigum open staking on the top. breden weall F.
fteodum. cf. to breed 979 E.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 9
71. Her Titus Uespasiauus in Jerusalem of sloh ludea cxi
j?usend.
81. Her feng Titus to rice, se $e sede ^ he [?one dgeg
forlure fte he naht to gode on ne dyde.
84, Her Domitianus Tites broftor feng to rice.
87. Her lohannes se godspellere in Pathma ]?am iglande
wrat J?a hoc apocalypsin.
100. Her Simon se apostol wa3s ahangen. and lohaunes se
godspellere hine ge reste in Effesia.
101. Her Clemens papa forSferde.
110. Her Ignatius biscop iSrowade.
114. Alexander hie constituit aquam benedictam fieri.
124. Syxtus papa hie constituit ymnum decantare. Scs.
Scs. Scs. in officio misse.
134. Telesphorus papa hie constituit ymnum angelicurn
cantari GLORIA IN EXCELSIS DEO diebus festis.
155. Her Marcus Antonius. and Aurelius his broSer fengon
to rice.
167. Her Eleutherius on Rome onfeng biscop dom. and j?one
wur]?lice xv wint geheold. To iSam Lucius Brytwalana cing
sende men. and bead fulluhtes. and he him sona sende. and
heo siftftan wunodon on rihtan gelefan. o$$e Dioclitianus rice.
189. Her Severus feng to rice, and ferde mid here on Bry-
tene. and mid ge feohte ge code ]?es iglandes mycelne dael and
J?a ge wrohte he weall mid turfum. and bred* 3 weall fer on
ufon. fram sse to sse. Britwalum to gebeorge. He rixade. xvii
gear, and )?a ge endode on Eoferwic. Bassianus his sunu feng
to rice, ofter his sunu wes gehaten Geza. se for wearS.
202. Victor papa hie constituit ut Pascha die dominico
celebretur. sicut predecessor ejus Eleutherius.
254. Cornelius papa hie de catacumbis levavit per noctem
corpora apostolorum. and posuit Pauli quidem via Ostensi ubi
decollatus est. Petri autem juxta locum ubi crucifixus est.
286. Her j?rowade Scs Albanus mr.
311. Scs Silvester papa xxiii. Hujus tempore celebratur
Nicenum ccilium. Arelatense quoque primutn, in quo fuit
Avitianus Rotomagi archiepc.
379. Her Gratianus feng to rice.
379. Hoc tempore celebratur Constantinopolitanum con-
cilium cl patrum adversus Macedonum et Eunomium sub
Damaso.
c
10 THE PARKER MS.
381. Her Maximianus se casere feng to rice, he waes
waltu.
on Bretene londe geboren f . and J>oii for in Gallia. And
he ftar ofsloh ftone casere Gratianum. and his broker adraf of c^Sele. se tcces
gehaten Ualentinianus. And se Ualenimtanui eft yesamnode wtrod and ofsloh
Maximum, and feny to rice. On \>a.m timan aras Pelayies yedwyld geond mid-
dan card.
409. Her Gotan abrcecon Rome burg, and nsefre
si]?an Romane ne ricsodon on Bretone. >^ .* embe xi
hand wintra and x wintra \>&s \>e heo getimbred was. Ealles hi rixodon on
Brytene feower hiind icintra and hund seouanti wintra. sy&San cerost Gaius
lull us \>cet lond yesohte.
418. Her Romane gesomnodon al J?a gold hord J>e
on Bretene wseron. and sume on eorj>an ahyddon. J?aet
hie nsenig mon sij?);an findan ne meahte. and sume
mid him on Gallia Iceddon.
423. Her f)eodosius se ginyra feng t> rice,
vel Palricius
430. Her Palladius se bisc vvses onsended to Scot-
turn J?set he hiera geleafan trymede. from Ccelestino
J?am papan.
443. Her sendon Brytwalas to Rome, and heorn fultomes boedon wi<S Peohtas.
ac hi \>ar ncefdan nanne. for]>an \>e hi fyrdedon wffi JEtla Huna cyninge. And
\>a sendon hi to Anglum. and Angel cynnes <&$elingas ^ces ylcan bcedan.
rtianus
449. Her Mauricius and Ualentines onfengon rice,
and ricsodon vii wint. 3!nd on hiera dagum Hengest
F. 444. Her forfiferde Scs Martinus.
448. Her Johannes Baptista setywede twam munecon )?a comon
fram eastdsele to gebiddenne hi on Jerusalem, his heauod. on )>are
stowe )>e hwilan was Herodes wunung. On )>one ylcan timan Mar-
tianus and Ualentinianus rixodan. and on )>am timan com Angelcynn
to 8isum lande. geia^ode fram Wyrtgeorne cinge. him to helpe. his
fynd to ouercumende. Hi comon to )>is lande mid fcrim langon
scipan. and heora heretogan wseron Hengest and Horsa. Ealra
serost hi ^es cinges fynd ofslogon. and aweg driuan. and sv#San hi
wenden agean J>one cing. and agean }>a Bryttas. and hi fardydon
jnirh fyr and 'Surh swyrdes egge.
f Maximus in Britannia imperator the Chronicle, probably. In the fol-
creatus. Bedai.g. In the A. S. version : lowing clause, lia was erased by a,
Maximus se casere wses on Breotene and walas written over to make Gal-
acenned. From the Beda it passed into walas.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 11
380. Her Maximus feng to rice, he wees on Bryten lande
geboren. and J?anon he for in Galwalas. and he iSser ofsloh
J?one kasere Gratianum. and his broker adraf of eftele. se wses
ge haten Valentinianus. and se Valentinianus eft ge samnode
weorod and ofsloh Maximum, and feng to rice. On j?am
tidum aras Pelaies gedwild geond middan geard.
403. Innocentius papa hie misit decretalem epistolam Vic-
tricio Rotomagensi archiepo. Hie constituit sabbato jejunare
quia eo die Dns jacuit in sepulchro.
409. Her wses tobrocen Romanaburh fram Gotum ymb
xi hund wintra and x wintra. J?aes J?e heo getimbred wses.
SrSftan ofer *p ne rixodan leng Romana cinigas on Brytene.
Ealles hi 3a3r rixodan iiii hund wintra. and hund seofenti win-
tra. srSftan Gaius lulius f land erost ge sohte.
418. Her Romane gesamnodan ealle ]?a goldhord $e on
Brytene waeron. and sume on eoriSan be hyddan. }? heo nan
man sy&San findon ne mihton. and sume mid heom on Gallia
lasddon.
423. Her Deodosius se gingra feng to rice.
425. Hujus temporis setate extitit exordium regum Franco-
rum : primus Faramundus.
430. Her Patricius wses asend fram Celestine )?am papan
to bodianne Scottum fulluht.
431. Hoc tempore diabolus in Greta Judeis in specie Moysi
apparens ad terram repromissionis per mare pede sicco per-
ducere promittit ; sicque plurimis necatis reliqui ad X~i gra-
tiam convertuntur.
433. Celestinus papa. Hujus tempore aggregate est Ephe-
siua synodus ducentorum episcoporum cui profuit Cirillus
Alexandrinus presul adversus Nestorium Constantinopolita-
num episcopum.
439. Leo papa. Hie sancivit Calcedonensem sinodum.
443. Her sendon Brytwalas ofer see to Rome, and heom
fultumes bffidon wiiS Peohtas. ac hi ]?ser nefdon nsenne. forjmn
*Se hi feordodan wr5 ^Etlan Huna cininge. and ]?a sendon hi
to Anglum. and Angel cynnes geftelingas )?es ilcan bsedon.
449. Hujus tempore celebratur Calcedonense concilium
dcxxx episcoporum adversus Euticem abbatem et Diosco-
C 2
12 THE PARKER MS.
and Horsa from Wyrtgeorne geleaj>ade Bretta ky-
ninge gesohton Bretene on j?am staj>e J?e is genemned
Ypwines fleot. serest Brettum to fultume. ac hie eft on
hie fllhton. Se cing het hi feohtan agien Pihtas. and hi swa dydan. and
sige haefdon swa hwar swa hi comon. Hi fta sende to Angle and heton heom sendan
mare fultum. and heom seggan Brytwalana nahtnesse and $<.> landes cysta. Hy
\>a sendan heom mare fultum. Da comon \>a men of \>rim megftum Germanie.
of EaldSeaxum. of Anglum. of lotum. Of lotum comon Cantware and Wiht-
ware. \>aet ys seo mce&S \>e nu eardaft on Wiht. and \>cet cyn on WentSexum \>e
man gyt hcet lutnacyn. Of EaldSeaxon comon EastSexa and SuftSexa and
WestSexan. Of Angle com?n. se a syftftan stod westi betwyx lutum and Seaxum.
East Engla. MidelAngla. Mearca and ealle JVfrr'S hymbra.
455. Her Hengest and Horsa fuhton wij? Wyrt
georne J?am cyninge. in J>aere stowe ]?e is gecueden
Sgceles J>rep. and his brojmr Horsan man ofslog. and
aefter ]?am Hengest feng to rice and ^Esc his sunu.
457- Her Hengest and yEsc fuhton wij? Brettas in
J?aere stowe J?e is ge cueden Crecgari ford, and j?aer
ofslogon Tni wera. and f>a Brettas f>a forleton Cent
lond. and rnid micle ege flugon to Lunden byrg.
tt'iiS
465. Her Hengest and ./Esc gefuhton uui)? Walas
neah Wippedes tfeote and J?aer xii Wilisce aldor menn
ofslogon and hiera j?egn an J?aer wear}? ofslsegen. J?am
wees noma Wipped.
473. Her Hengest and ^Esc gefuhton wij? Walas.
and genamon un arimedlico here reaf. and ]?a Walas
flugon )?a Englan swa fyr h .
477. Her cuom ^Elle on Breton lond and his iii
suna. Cymen and Wlencing and Cissa. mid iii scipurn
on f>a stowe )?e is nemned Cymenes ora. and J?aer
ofslogon monige Wealas. and sume onfleame bedrifon
on J?one wudu )?e is genemned Sndredes leage.
F. 482. Her se eadiga abbod Benedictus Jwrli wuldor }>ara mihta
J>isum middan earde scan, eal swa se eadiga Gregorius rect) on Dia-
logorum J>are boc.
* 101 = 4000. feower werod F. feower weras A. cf. Ingrain's note.
h swa man flicth fyr F.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 13
rum. Her Martianus and Valentinus onfengon rice, and
rixadon vii wint. and on ]?eora dagum gelaftode Wyrtgeorn
Angel cin hider. and hi ]?a coman on J>rim ceolum hider to
Brytene. on )?am stede Heopwines fleot. Se cyning Wyrt
georn gef heom land on suiSan eastan ftissum lande. wiSiSan
J?e hi sceoldon feohton wi'S Pyhtas. Heo ]?a fuhton wr&
Pyhtas. and heofdon sige swa hwer swa heo comon. Hy iSa
sendon to Angle heton sendon mara fultum. and heton heom
secgan Brytwalana nahtscipe. and ]?es landes cysta. Hy iSa
sona sendon hider mare weored )?am oftrum to fultume. Da
comon )?a men of J?riin megiSum Germanic. Of Aid Seaxum.
of Anglum. of lotum. Of lotum comon Cantwara. and Wiht-
wara. )? is seo megiS )?e nu earda]? on Wiht. and fy cyn on
WestSexum )?e man nu git hset lutna cynn. Of Eald Seaxum
coman East Seaxa. and Suft Sexa. and West Sexa. Of Angle
comon se syftSan stod westig. betwix hitum and Seaxum.
EastAngla. MiddelAngla. Mearca. and ealla Nor)>hymbra,
Heora heretogan wseron twegen gebroiSra. Heugest. and
Horsa. ^ waeron Wihtgilses suna. Wihtgils wa3s Witting.
Witta Wecting. Wecta Wodning. fram ]?an Wodne awoc call
ure cyne cynn. and Suftan hymbra eac.
455. Her Hengest and Horsa fuhton wii5 Wyrtgerne |?am
cininge on ]?a3re stowe )?e is cweden ./Egeles ]?rep. and his
bro^or Horsan man of sloh. and sefter ]?onn feng to rice Hen-
gest. and jEsc his sunu.
456. Her Hengest and JEsc gefuhton wi^5 Bryttas on ]?ere
stow J?e is ge cweden Crecgan ford, and J>er ofslogon iiii
werad. and ]?a Bryttas forleton )?a Kentland. and mid myc-
clum ege flugon to Lunden byrig.
465. Her Hengest and ^Esc gefuhton wr3 Walas neh Wip-
pedesfleote. and ^ser of slogon xii Wilsce ealdormen. and
heora an J?egn weariS J?aer of slegen. J?am wses nama Wipped.
473. Her Hengest and ^Esc ge fuhton wift Walas. and ge-
namon unarimenlicu here reaf. and J?a Walas flugon )?a Englan
swrSe Dearie.
477. Her com JEile on Brytenland. and his iii suna.
Cymen. and Wlencing. and Cissa. mid iii scipum on fta stowe
J>e is genemnad Cymenesora. and J?aer ofslogon manige
Walas. and sume on fleame be drifon. on ]?one wudu )?e is
nemned Andredes lege.
14 THE PARKER MS.
485. Her yElle gefeaht wij? Walas neah Mearc
r<edes burnan stcefte.
488. Her vEsc feng to rice, and was xxiii wintra
Cantwara cyning.
491. Her yElle and Cissa ymb saeton Sndredes
cester and ofslogon alle J?aJ>e ]?ser inne eardedon. ne
wear]? ]?ser forjxm an Bret to lafe.
495. Her cuomon twegen aldor men on Bretene.
Cerdic and Cynric his sunu. mid v scipum. in J?one
stede J>e is gecueden Cerdices ora. and J?y ilcan daege
gefuhtun wij? Walum.
501. Her cuomi Port on Bretene. and his ii suna
Bieda and Maegla. mid ii scipum. on j?aere stowe Ipe
is gecueden Fortes mu]?a. and ofslogon anne giongne
Brettisc monnan. swi]?e cj?elne monnan.
508. Her Cerdic and Cynric ofslogon senne Brettisc
cyning. J?am was nama Natan leod. and v Jmsendu
\>an wear^S
wera mid him. ^Efter was J>83t lond / nemned Neatan
leaga oj> Cerdices ford.
514. Her cuomon WestSeaxe in Bretene mid iii
scipum. in ]?a stowe J?e is gecueden Cerdices ora. and
Stuf and Wihtgar. and fuhtun wij? Brettas and hie
gefliemdon.
WestSexena
519. Her Cerdic and Cynric y rice on fengun. and
J?y ilcan geare hie fuhton wif> Brettas )?83r mon nu
nemnej) Cerdices ford. And oiftan ricsadan West Sexana cynebearn
of \>an daege.
527- Her Cerdic and Cynric fuhton wij> Brettas. in
J?sere stowe f>e is gecueden Cerdices leaga.
530. Her Cerdic and Cynric genamon Wihte ea-
lond. and ofslogon feala men on Wiht gara3sbyrg.
534. Her Cerdic for]?ferde. and Cynric his sunu
ricsode for)? xxvi wintra. and hie saldon hiera tusem
call wiht ealand
nefurn Stufe and Wihtgare Wiehte ealond.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 15
485. Her Mile gefeaht wiiS Walas neh Mearcredes burnan
ste"Se.
488. Her ^Esc feng to rice, and wses xxxiiii wintra cining.
490. Hoc tempore beatus Mamertus,, episcopus Vienneusis,
solennes letanias instituit rogationum.
491. Her ^Ella and Cissa ymbsseton Andredes ceaster. and
ofslogon ealle J?ai$e |?serinne eardedon. ne weariS J?3er for]?en
an Brit to lafe.
495. Her coman twegen ealdormen on Brytene. Gertie
and Cynric his sunu raid v scipum on J?one stede. ]?e is ge
haten Certicesora. and on j?am ilcan daege gefuhton wr3
Walas.
501. Her com Port on Brytene. and his twegan sunan.
Bieda and Ma3gla. mid ii scipum in J>sere stowe j?e is gecwe-
den Portes mirSa. and sona land namon. and ofslogon senne
gungne Brytiscne man. swrSe seftelne.
508. Her Gertie and Cinric ofslogon senne Bryttiscne
cining. ]?am wses nama Nazaleod. and v )?usend wera mid him.
and sefter }>an w0es ty land genemnad Nazanleog. a 0)7 Certices
ford.
514. Her com West Seaxa in Brytene mid ]?rim scipum in
)?a stowe $e is ge cweden Certices ora. and Stuf and Wihtgar
fuhton wr3 Bryttas. and hi geflemdon.
519. Her Gertie and Kynric onfengon West Seaxna rice.
and ]?i ilcan geare hi gefuhton wr3 Bryttas. iSer man nu
nemnaft Certices ford, and sr&San rixadon West Seaxna cyne-
barn of ]?am dsege.
527. Her Gertie and Kynric ge fuhton wr3 Brittas. on J?aere
stowa fte is gecweden Gertices ford.
528. Hoc tempore Dionisius in urbe R. circulum paschalem
composuit. Turic Priscianus profunda grammatica rimatus est.
530. Her Gertie and Cynric genaman Wihtland. and of
slogon feala manna, on Wihtgaras birig.
534. Her Gertie forj>ferde. and Cynric his sunu rixade
for]? xxvi wintra. and heo sealdon heora twam nefum Stufe
and Wihtgare eall Wihtland.
F. 509. Her scs Benedictus se abbad ealra muneca feeder ferde to
heouenan:
1 The u incuom erased here and in 477, 514.
16 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
538. Her sunne aj?iestrode xiiii dagum aer Kl'. Mart
from sermergenne o]? undern.
540. Her sunne a)?iestrode on xii KF. lulii. and
steorran hie setiewdon ful neah healfe tid ofer undern.
544. Her Uuihtgar forj?ferde. and hiene mon be-
by rgde on Wihtgara byrg.
547. Her Ida feng to rice. J?onon Norman hyrnbra
and risode t>relf gear, and he timhrode Bebbanburh.
cynecyn on woe. k lda wees Eopping. Eoppa Esing. Esa
seo was cerost mid heg/je be tyned. nnd \>aer aefttr mid wealle.
waes Inguing. Ingui TCngen witting. Sngenwit Slocing.
Sloe Benocing. Benoc Branding. Brand Baeldaeging.
Baeldaeg Wodening. Woden Freo'&olafing. Freoftelaf
Freo'Sewulfing. Fri^ulf Finning. Finn Godulfing. Go-
dulf Geating.
552. Her Cynric gefeaht wij? Brettas in f?aere stowe
J?e is genenmed J 8et Seaxobyrg. and j?a BretWalas ge-
fiiemde. Cerdic wses Cynrices feeder. Cerdic Elesing.
Elesa Esling. Esla Giwising. Giwis Wiging. Wig Frea-
wining. Freawine Freo8ogaring. Freo'Sogar Branding.
Brand Bseldseging. Bseldseg Wodening.
556. Her Cynric and Ceawlin fuhton vvi}? Brettas
set Beran byrg.
560. Her Ceawlin feng to rice on Wes seaxum. and
Idan furfSyefarenitm. and
yElle feng to NorJ?anhymbra rice. ^Elle waes Yffing.
heora ceyfter rixade xxac wintra.
YfFe Uxfreaing. Uxfrea Wilgilsing. Wilgils Wester-
falcning. Westcrfalcna Saefugling. Seefugl Ssebalding.
Ssebald Sigegeating. Sigegeat Swebdseging. Swebdaeg
Sigegaring. Sigegar Wsegdseging. Waegdaeg Wodening.
Woden Fri'Sowulfing.
Her feng JEfcelbriht to Cantwara rice, and heold liii wintra. On his
565. Her Columba msesse preost com of Scottum
dagum sende Gregorius us fullitht. And Co/umba rnae^e preoat com to Pyhtum.
in Bryttas. Peohtas to laeranne. and hi in Hii )?am
and hi pecyrde to Cristes geleauan. }paet aynd \>onne warteras be norftum morum.
ealonde mynster worhte.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 17
538. Her sunne aftestrode. on xiiii kP. Mr', from sermor-
gene 4 o]? underne.
540. Her sunne afteostrode on xii kP. Julii. and steorran
heo eetewdon ful neh healfe tid ofer under 5 .
544. Her Wihtgar forSferde. and nine mon be byrigde on
Wihtgaras byrig.
547. Her Ida feng to rice fanon NorShymbra cynekyn
serost awoc. and rixade xii gear, and he getimbrade Bebban
burh. sy waes serost mid hegge be tined. and j?ser sefter mid
wealle.
552. Her Kynric feaht wr3 Bryttas on J?aere stowe fe is ge
nemned Searo byrig 6 . and j?a Bryttas geflemde.
556. Her Kynric and Ceawling fuhton wiiS Bryttas aet
Beran byrig.
560. Her Ceawling rice onfeng on Weast Seaxum. and
^Elle feng to NorShymbra rice. Idan forSgefarenum. and hyra
segfter rixade xxx wintra.
565. Her feng ^Ei5elbriht to Cantwara rice, and heold liii
wintra. On his dagum sende Gregorius us fulluht. and
Columba messapreost com to Pyhtum. and hi gecyrde to
Cristes geleafan. -j? sind J>one wserteres? be norSuni morum.
F. 552. . And Egelberht wearS geboren Eormenraces
sunu. and [on bam] tigo^an geare his rices he underfeng fulwiht
serost cinga on Brytene.
4 seran morgene F. this chain of relations stretches from
5 Tn the Chronological Table of weorftan at one end, to wyrre
Eclipses, vol. i. of " IS Art de Verifier (guerre, war) at the other, the ques-
les Dates," a Total Eclipse is registered tion is, where our word joints in ?
A. D. 538, Feb. 15, at 8^ A. M. ; and a Very likely it combines the two ideas,
Total Eclipse A. D. 540, June 20, at 9^ i. inhabitants, 2. possessors, guardians,
A. M. The dates in the text answer to sentinels, warders. Graff has wartari,
Feb. 16 and June 20. Where records custos, speculator, from warten = wear-
tally so nearly with scientific calcula- dian. Yet the data equally suit the
tions, one discrepancy may well pass sense of shepherds, keepers of cattle .
for an error. cf. Graff, v. Fihuwart.
6 geclyped Sselesberic F. k This genealogy is (imperfectly)
7 wearteresF. Not found elsewhere. erased by a, in order to make room
Prob. akin to weard in i. andweard, for matter more interesting to himself,
toweard, for weard, ham weard His substituted text is here given in
( ward = versus); 2. yrfe weard, Bad interlined Italics. The same has been
weard (ward = guard = custos), verb the case with the genealogical part of
weardian; and so to ware, warian, 560, 626: cf. 565, 603, 604.
warenian (beware), werian : but as ! eet has been erased.
D
18 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
and heora cyng him geaealde \>cst iyland ]>e man li nemnaft. \>ar syndon jif hida.
\>CBS \>e man segg'aft. Dar se Columban getimbrade mynater. and he \>ar was
abb" 1 , xxxii wintra. and ]>ar for&ferde. \>a he was Ixxvii wintra. Da stowe habbaft
gyt his yrfnuman. Su$ Pihtas war on cer ypfullode of Ninna biscope. se was on
Rome gelaered. his mynster ys H wit erne on S. Marlines naman gehnlyod. \>ar
he rested mid manegum halyum. Nu sceal beon cefre on H abbod. and na biscop.
and \>an sculon beon under fteodde ealle Scotta biscopas. for \>an \>e Columban was
abbod. na biscop.
568. Her Ceaulin and CuJ?a. gefuhton wty yE]?el-
bryht. and hine in Cent gefliemdon. and tuegen aldor
men on Wibban dune ofslogon. Oslaf and Cnebban.
571. Her Cuj? wulf feaht wij? Bretwalas set Bedcan
forda. and iiii tunas genom. Lygeanburg. and ^Egeles
burg. Baenesingtun. and Egones ham. and J>y ilcan
geare he gefbr)>/mfe m .
577. Her CuJ? wine and Ceawlin f uhton wij? Bret-
tas. and hie iii kyningas ofslogon. Commail and Con-
w
didan and Farinmail. in )?aere stowe ]?e is gecueden
Deorham. and genamon iii ceastra Gleawan ceaster
and Cirenceaster and BaJ?an ceaster.
583. Her Mauritius feng to Romana rice.
584. Her Ceawlin and CuJ>a fuhton wi]? Brettas. in
)?am stede ]?e mon nernnef) Fefan leag. and Cu]?an
mon ofslog. and Ceawlin monige tunas genom. and
unarimedlice here reaf. and ierre he hwearf Jxman to
his agnum.
588. Her yElle cyning for]? ferde. and /Ej?elric ric-
sode sefter him v gear.
ric i
590. Her Ceol t ricsode v gear.
591. Her micel wtelfill waes set Woddes beorge.
and Ceawlin WSeS Ut adHfen. and Gregorius feng to papdome
on Rome.
593. Her Ceawlin and Cuichelm and Crida for-
wurdon. and yEj?elfri|? feng to rice on Norfhymbrum.
m The old fashioned strong form gefor burg, the u has heen made into an i.
was to be converted by a into the later 8 Cf. Beda ii. i. Gregorii Op. (Ed.
expression for>ferde, but the operation Bened.), vol. iii. pp. 3, 285. Palmer's
was left incomplete. Above, in Lygean- Origines Liturgicse, cap. i. 6.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 19
and heora cyning him ge sealde ^ egland }>e man nemnad li.
)?8er sindon v hida. Sses ]?e men cwe$a]?. paer se Columba ge
tymbrade mynster. and $ser he waes abbot xxxii wintra. and
J>aer forSferde $a $a he waes Ixxvii wintra. Da stowe habbaft
nugit his erfewaerdes. SuSPyhtas wseron mycle aer geful-
lode. Heom bodade fulwiht Nimia biscop. se wses on Rome
gelaered. j?aes cyrice and his mynster is set Hwiterne. on
Martines naman gehalgod. J?a?r he restaS mid manegum
halgum waerum. Nu sceal beon sefre on li abbod naes
bisceop. and )?am sculon under J?sedde ealle Scotta biscopes.
forj?am $e Columba waes abbod. nes bisceop.
568. Her Ceawlin and Cuj?a ge fuhton wr3 J^Selbriht. and
hine on Cent ge flemdon. and ii aeldor men on Wibban duna
of slogon. Oslac and Cnebban.
571. Her Cufa gefeaht wi$ Bryt walas. a3t Biedcanforda.
and feower tunas ge nam. Lygeanbyrig. and JEglesbyrig. and
Benesingtuu. and Egonesham. and on J?ani ilcan geare he
for]?for. se Cu]?a waes Ceawlines bro^or.
577. Her CrSwine and Ceawlin ge fuhton wr3 Bryttas. and
hi iii ciningas of slogon. Commagil. and Candidan. and Farin-
magil. in J^sere stowe ]?e is ge cweden Deorham. and ge namon
iii ceastra. Gleawcestre. and Cirenceaster. and Ba]?an ceaster.
583. Her Mauricius feng to Romana rice.
584. Her Ceawlin and CuJ?a ge fuhton wr3 $a Bryttas on
)?am stede 'Se man nemna)? Fe)?anlea. and Cu)?an man of
sloh. and Ceawlin maniga tunas genam. and unarimedlice
here reaf .
588. Her ^Elle cining forSferde. and ^E^elric rixade sefter
him fif gear.
591. Her Ceolric rixade vi gear. Gregorius papa. Hie
augmentavit in predicatione canonem, " Diesque nostros in
tua pace disponas 8 ."
592. Her Gregorius feng to pap dome on Rome, and mycel
wsel gewearS on Brytene ]?es geares aet Wodnes beorge. and
Ceawlin waes ut adrifen.
593. Her Ceawlin and Cwichelm and Crida forwurdon. and
YEiSelferS feng to rice on NorShymbrum. se wses J^Selricing.
Iding.
D 2
20 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
596. Her Gregorius papa sende to Brytene, Augustinum. mid wel manegum
munecum. \>e Codes word Engla fteoda godspelledon.
597- Her ongon Ceolwulf ricsian on West seaxum.
and simle he feaht and won. oj?]?e wij? ^ngelcyn. oJ>J>e
uuif> Wai as. o]?J?e wij? Peohtas. oJ?J>e wij? Scottas. Se
wees CuJ?aing. CuJ?a Cynricing. Cynric Cerdicing.
Cerdic Elesing. Elesa Esling. Esla Gewising. Gewis
Wiging. Wig Freawining. Freawine FriSugaring. Fri-
ftugar Bronding.Brond Btfildseging.BteldsegWodening.
601. Her sende Gregorius papa Sugustino serce
biscepe pallium in Bretene and wel monige godcunde
lareowas him to fultome and Paulinus bisc gehwerfde
Edwine Nor$hymbra cyning to fulwihte.
Her JEuf&an Scotta cyng feaht wffi Dcelreoda. and wffi JEelfer\>e
605. Her wses gefeoht set JEgesan stane.
Nor\>hymra cynge cet Dceystune. and man ofsloh meest ealne his here.
Her Augustinus gehalgode ii biscopas. Mellitum and Justum. Mel-
604. Her EastSeaxe onfengon geleafan and ful-
litum he sende to bodiende East Seaxum fulluht. "Sar was se cing gehaten Scebyrht.
wihtes b8e$. under Ssebrihte cinge and Mellite bis-
Ricolan sunu. JEfcelberhtes swyster. \>one JE&elbyrht gesette to cynge. And JEftel-
ceope.
byrht gesealde Mellite biscop setl on Lundewic. and lusto on Hrouesceyastre. seo
is xxiiii mila from Dorwit ceastre.
606. Her forSferde Gregorius ymb x gear J?aes)?e he
us fulwiht sende.
607. Her Ceolwulf gefeaht wi$ Su^Seaxe. And her
JEftelfrffi laedde his fcerde to Leger cyestre. and ftar ofsloh unrim Walena. and
swa wearft gefyld Augustinus witegunge. \>e he cwaft. Gif Wealas nellaft sibbe
wti$ us, hi sculan aet Seaxana handa far wur\>an. par man sloh eac cc preosta.
"Sa comon %yder \>at hi scoldon gebiddan for Walena here. Scrocmail was ge haten
heora ealdormann. se atbcerst ftanon fiftiga sum.
611. Her Cynegils feng to rice on Wesseaxum. and
heold xxxi wintra. Se Cynegils wses Ceoling. Ceola
Cubing. Cu'Sa Cynricing.
614. Her Cynegils and Cuichelm gefuhton on Bean
dune, and ofslogon ii f>usendo Wala and Ixv.
616. Her yE)?elbryht Contwara cyning forj?ferde
and Ead bald his sunu feng to rice. Se for let hisfuiiuht. and
leouode on haf&enum \>eawe. swa "t* he hcefde his feeder laue to wiue. pa mynte
THE LAUD MS. (E) 21
596. Hoc tempore monasterium sancti Benedict! a Longo-
bardis destructum est. Her Gregorius papa sende to Brytene
Augustinum mid wel manengum munucum. )?e godes word
Engla j?eoda godspellodon.
597. Her ongan Ceolwulf rixian on Weast Seaxum. and
symble he feaht and wan. oft*e wr3 Angel cynn. o]?]?e wr3
Walas o$$c wr8 Pyhtas o$$e wi$ Scottas.
601. Her sende Gregorius papa Augustine arcebiscope pal-
lium on Brytene. and wel manega godcunde larewas him to
fultume. and Paulinus biscop gehwirfede Eadwine NorS-
hymbra cining to fulluhte.
603. Her ^Eg^an Scotta cining feaht wiiS Deolreda. and wi$
-^Ei$elfer]?e NoriShymbra kining set Dsegsan stane. and man
ofsloh msest seine his here. j?ser man of sloh Theodbald J3el-
ferSes broker, mid eallan his weorode. Ne dorste sii^an
nan Scotta cininga Isedan here on ]?as ]?eoda. Bering Hussan
sunu Isedde )?one here iSider.
604. Her Augustinus gehalgode ii biscopas. Mellitum
and Justum. Mellitum he sende to bodianne East Seaxum
fulluht. j?ser wes se cing gehaten Sseberht. Bicolan sunu
J^Selberhtes suster. ]?one J^Selberht ge sette j?ser to cininga.
and JEftelberht gesealde Mellite biscop setle on Lundenwic.
And Justo he sealde Hrofes ceaster. seo is xxiiii mila fram
Dorwit ceastre.
605. Her forSferde Gregorius papa. And her ^E^elfriiS
Isedde his ferde to Lega ceastre. and fser ofsloh unrim
Walana. and swa wear)? gefild Augustinus witegunge ]?e he
cwaiS. gif Wealas nellaj? sibbe wi^ us. hy sculon aet Seaxena
handa forwur]?an. pser man sloh eac cc preosta ]?a comon
iSider ^ heo scoldan gebiddan for Walana here. Scromail waes
gehaten hyra ealdor. se setbserst ftanon fiftiga sum.
607. Her Ceolwulf ge faht wi3 Su^ Seaxum.
611. Her Kynegils feng to rice, on Weast Seaxum. and
heold xxxi wintra.
614. Her Kynegils and Cwichelm ge fuhton on Beandune.
and of slogon ii fmsend Walana. and Ixv.
616. Her forSferde Jtyelberht Cant ware cining. se rixade
Ivi wintra. and sefter him feng Eadbold to rice his sunu. se
forlet his fulluht. and lifode on heftemini J>eawe. swa ty he
heafde his feder lafe to wife. Da mynte Laurentius )?e $a
22 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
Laurentius fte \>a was erceV on Cent, p he wolde si& ofer SOB. and eall forlceton.
ac him com to on niht se apf Petrus. and hine hetelice swang. forftan fte he wolde
Codes hyrde forlceton. and het hine gan to ]>am cynge. and bodian him rihtne
ge leafan. And he swa dyde. and se cing ge cyrde to rihtan ge leauan. On tyses
tinges dagum Laurentius erceV se woes on Cent eefter Agustine. foi]>ferde. iiii
N. Feb\ and he was be byred be Agustine. eefter him feng Mellitus to arceb''
dome, se was biscop of Lund*, and \>as binnan fif wintre Mellitus forftferde. pa
eefter him feng to arceb^dome Justus, se wan b" 1 of Hrouecistre and \>ar to gehalgode
Romanum to biscope.
625, Her Paulinus fram lusto J?am erce bisc waes
gehadod Nor}?hymbrum to biscepe.
626. Her Eanfled Ed wines debtor cyninges wses
gefulwad in J?orie halgan aefen Pentecosten. 2Cnd
Penda hsefde xxx wintra rice, and he hsefde L wintra
]?a f>a he to rice feng. "Penda wees Pybbing. Pybba
Creoding. Creoda Cynewalding. Cynewald Cnebbing.
Cnebba Iceling. Icel Eomsering. Eomaer Sngel'Seow-
ing. TCngeVSeow Offing. Offa Wsermunding. Wsermund
Wihtlseging. Wihtlaeg Wodening.
F. 616. . To 'Sam timan was Laurentius arceb' and far
jjare sarinesse ^e he hsefde. far )>es cinges ungeleauon. he hsefde
gemynt eal j?is land farlsetan. and ouer see faran. Ac Scs Petrus
se apl' anes nihtes hine heardlice swang. farj?i ^e he wolde Codes
heorde swa farlseton. and het hine |>am cinge heardlice rihtne ge-
leauan teecan. And he swa dyde. and se cing gecyrde to rihte. On
'Syses ylcan Eadboldes cinges deege ]?es ylca Laurentius forjjferde.
Se haliga Augustinus be his halan Hue hine hadode to biscope. to ^i
%8et Cristes gelaftung. ^e ^a git was niwe on Engla lande. nane
hwile eefter his forftsifte nsere butan arcebiscope. Da sefter him feng
Mellitus to arceb' stole J>e was ser biscop on Lundene. And J>es
binnan fif wintran after Laurentius forSsy'Se. rixiende Eadbalde.
Mellitus for to Criste.
n This genealogy erased in ft; re- troduction to the Fasti Catholici, p. 191
covered from A. B. C. See 716. sq. For xxx read dxxxi, the year
9 ge yde = ge eode, acquired, got. from which the Dionysian Cycle dated,
Cf. above, p. 4. end of TC's Pref. In and xcv years before dcxxvi. Beda was
Lajamon it appears in the form ieode, the continuer of the Calendar after
which see in Glos. Laj. Cf. Bouterwek Dionysius : cf. H. E. v. 21. When
Glos. v. gegangan. the old Calendar was nearly run out,
10 On the ej/i/ea/catSe/coTTjpis of Dio- there sprung up a mania for calcula-
nysius Exiguus, cf. Mr. Greswell's In- tion.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 23
wses ercebiscop on Csent. p he wolde suj? oferse.! and -p eall
forlseton. ac him com to on niht se apostol Petrus. and hine
hetelice swang forj?an "p he wolda swa }?a godes hyrde forleton.
and het hine gan to )?am ciuinge. and him rihte geleafan
bodian. and he swa dide. and se cining ge cerde. and wearS
ge fullod. On )?ises cininges dagum Laurentius ercebiscop $e
wses on Cent sefter Augustinus forSferde. and wses be byrged
be Augustine in die iiii nonarum FeV. pa sefter him feng
Mellitus to ercebiscop dome. )?e ser wses biscop on Lundene.
pa wurdon Lundenware he^ene. )?ser Mellitus ser waes. and
J?es )?a ymb v wintra rixiendum Eadbaldum Mellitus for to
Criste. pa sefter feng to J?arn ercebiscop dome Justus, and he
ge halgode to Hrofeceastre Romanum ]?ser he ser wses biscop.
617. Her wserft JEftelfrrS NorShymbra cining ofslagen
fram Reodwalde EastEngla cininge. and Eadwine vElling
feng to rice, and geyde 9 eall Brytene buton Cant ware anre.
and adrefde ut j?a e^elingas ^E^elfri^es suna -p wses serest.
Eanfrid. Oswald, and Oswiu. Oslac. Oswudu. Oslaf. and Ofia.
624. Her foriSferde Mellitus ercebiscop.
625. Her Justus arcebiscop ge halgode Paulinum to biscope
on xii kP Augusti. Hie ciclus Dionisii quinque decennove-
nalibus constans, hoc est xcv annis ; sumitque exordium a
xxx anno Incarnationis Domini et desinit in dcxxvi anno.
Hie ordo decennouenalis quern Graeci ENNIA KAT$ Johanes
papa KADERIDA vocat, a Scis patribus in Nicea Sinodo fait
constitutus, in quo xiiii luna Paschalis omni anno sine ulla
dubitatione 10 .
626. Her com Eomer fram Cwichelme West Seaxna cininge.
J?ohte "p he wolde of stingan Eadwine cininge. ac he of stang
Lilian his ftegn. and ForShere. and j?one cining ge wundode.
and )?sere ilcan nihte wes Eadwine dohter acenned. seo wses
ge haten Eanfled. pa ge het se cining Pauline f he wolde his
dohter ge syllan Gode. gif he wolde abiddan set Gode. -p he
moste his feond afyllan. J?e )?one seaman )?ider ser sende. and
he j>a for on WestSeaxum mid fyrde. and afylde j?ser v cin-
ingas. and pses folces mycel ofsloh. and Paulinus gefullade
his dohter on Pentecosten twelfa sum. and se cining binnan
xii monaiS wses ge fullod on Eastrum mid eallum his dugo^e.
]?a wseron Estran on ii id. Apr. Dis wses ge don on Eoferwic.
J?ser he ser het getimbrian cyrican of treowe. seo wses ge
24 THE PARKER MS. (S)
627. Her Edwine kyning wses gefulwad rnid his
J>eode on Eastron.
628. Her Cynegils and Cuichelm gefuhtun wi}?P
Pendan set Cirenceastre. and gej?ingodan J?a.
632. Her was Eorpwald gefulwad^.
633. Her Edwine wees ofslsegen. and Paulinus huerf
eft to Cantwarum. and gesaet J?set biscepsetl on Hrofes
ceastre.
634. Her Birinus bisc bodude WestSeaxum ful-
wuht.
635. Her Cynegils waes gefulwad from Birino J?eem
bisc in Dorce ceastre. and Oswold his on feng r .
636. Her Cuichelm waes gefulwad in Dorces ceas-
tre. and f>y ilcan geare for$ferde. !Snd Felix biscep
bodade EastEnglum Cristes geleafan 8 .
639- Her Birinus fulwade Cu'Sred on Dorces ceastre.
and on feng hine him to suna.
cum su& gente. Flor. (Beda), Dommuc (Flor.), i. e. Dun-
P We now say fight with =pugnare wich on the coast of Suffolk, now
cum hoste, just as we say join with, almost lost in the ocean. Thorpe's
talk with, agree with. But in the 9th note in Florence, An. 636, gives the
and loth centuries wi)> was simply after history of this see.
against, adversus; and mid was with, l This Cadwalla, the British king,
cum. We have still a trace of the ancient must not be confused with Ceadwalla,
wij>, in our withstand. the W. Saxon, below, 685. Compare
1 King of the East Engles, of the the language of Florence : Gloriosus
Royal Family of the Wuffingas. Beda rex Edwine a pagano rege Mer-
ii. 15- ciorum Penda, viro strenuissimo, et
* The words his onfeng mean the Ceadwala rege Britonum seeviore pa-
same as onfeng hine him to suna, gano, in campo Heathfeld, conserto
below, 639 ; i. e. was his sponsor and gravi prselio, est occisus. In La3amon
received him from the font as under- he is,
taking to guide and instruct him fur- Cadwalan >e kene
ther in the ways of Christianity. Filium )> e king of Suft londe ;
de baptiamo suscipere avaSexeff&ai. Cf. and the magnificent story there told of
Bingham, Church Ant. Bk. xi. c. 8. 7. his exploits with Penda and against
cf. 994. Edwine is worth reading. Possibly it
8 His see was in civitate Domnoc is not all fable.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 25
halgod on see Petres naman. ]?ser se cining sealde Pauline
biscopsetl. and J?ser he het eft timbrian maran cyrican of
stane. and her feng Penda to rice, and rixade xxx wintra.
627. Her wes Eadwine cining ge fullod fram Pauline, and
eac J?es Paulinus bodad fulluht on Lindisse. ]?ser gelifde arest
sum rice man mid ealre his dugufte. se wses ge haten Blecca.
and in $as tid Honorius feng to pap dome sefter Boniface )?e
sende Pauline hider pallium, and Justus ercebiscop forSferde
iiii id' Nov. and Honorius wes ge halgod fram Pauline on
Lincollan. )?am Honorium se papa sende eac pallium, and he
sende Scottum gewrit )? hi scoldon gecerran to rihtum
Eastrum.
628. Her Kynegils and Cwichelm gefuhton wr3 Pendan
set Cirnceastre. and ge Jnngodon J?a.
632. Her wses Eorpwald ge fullod.
633. Her wearS Eadwine cining of slagan. fram Cadwallan l
and Pendan on HeiSfelda on ii id' Octob. and he rixade vii
gear, and eac man sloh his sunu Osfrrft mid him. and j?a
sy$$an foran Ceadwala and Penda and fordydan call Nor5-
hymbra land, pa p Paulinus ge seah. )?a ge nam JE'Selburge
Ead wines lafe. and gewat on scipe to Cent, and Eadbold and
Honorius him onfengon swrSe arwurftlice. and sealdon him
biscop setle on Rofescestre. and he J?ser wunode to his ende.
634. Her feng to Dearne rice Osric. ]?one Paulinus ser ge
fullode. se wses ^Elfrices sunu JMwines federan. and to Bser-
nicum feng JEftelftiSes sunu Eanfrift. and eac her Birinus
bodade serest Weast Seaxum fulluht under Cynegilse cininge.
se Birinus com ]?ider be Honorius wordum Jes papan. and
he iSser wes biscop o)? his lyfes ende. And Oswald eac her
feng to NorSanhymbran rice, and he rixade ix winter, man
getealde him ty nigonfte for )?an he^enscipe )?e hi drugon ]?e hi
J?et an gear rixodon betwix him and Eadwine.
635. Her Kynegils wses ge fullod fram Byrine )?am biscope
on Dorcaceastre. and Oswold NorShymbra cining his on feng.
636. Her wses Cwichelm ge fullod on Dorceceastre. and
j?am ilcan geare he forSferde. and Felix biscop bodade East
Eanglum Cristes gelefan.
639. Her Byrinus fullode CuSred on Dorceceastre. and
on feng hine him to sunu.
E
26 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
640. Her Edbald Cantwara cyning forjrferde. and
he ricsode XXV wintr. He hafde twegene sunu Ermenred and Ercen-
berht. and \>er Ercenberht rixode after his feeder. And Ermenred gestrynde
twegen sunu \>a sif&ftan wurftan gemartirode offtunore.
642. Her Oswald NorSan hymbra cyning of slaegen
wees.
643. Her Cenwalh feng to Wesseaxna rice, and
heold xxxi wint. and se Cen walh het atimbran J>a
ciricean on Wintun ceastre.
644. Her Paulinus forf> ferde se wses serce bisc on
Eoferwicceastre. and eft on Hrofes ceastere.
645. Her Cenwalh adrifen was from Pendan cy-
ninge.
646. Her Cenwalh wses gefulwad.
648. Hej" Cenwalh gesalde Cuprede* his maege iii
Jmsendo londes be yEscesdune. Se CuJ?red wses
Cuichelruing. Cuichelm Cynegilsing.
650. Her yEgel bryht of Galwalum. sefter Birine
J?am Romaniscan bisc onfeng Wesseaxna biscdome.
651. Her Oswine kyning wees ofslsegen. and Sidan
bisc forj>ferde.
652. Her Cenwalh gefeaht set Bradan forda be
Sfne.
653. Her MiddelSeaxe onfengon under Peadan
aldormen ryhtne geleafan.
654. Her Onna cyning wear)? ofslsegen. and Botulf
ongon mynster timbran.
t Cenwalh rex de East Anglia rediit 634 and 650. In Florence, An. 645,
in West Saxoniam : et eodem anno Oswine is called regis Edwini patruelis
non modicam ruris portionem dedit Osrici filius, which is one with the cor-
Cuthredo, fratrueli suo, Cuichelmi regis rected text. The A. S. makes English
filio. Flor. Gibson translates iii J>u- by inversion of the order : Oswine, son
sendo londes, ter mille hidas terra. of Osric the son of the uncle of Edwine.
2 Instead of Oswine Edwines, The Latin says, Oswine, son of Tclng
there is only Oswines in E, but the Edwine's first cousin. Take fedran
correction is obvious on comparison of suna as a compound, it = patruelis.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 27
639. Her Eadbald Cantwara curing forSferde. se wses cining
xxiiii wintra. pa feng his sunu Ercenbriht to )?am rice, se to
wearp ealla j?a deofel gyld on his rice, and serost Engliscra
cininga he ge sette Eastor feasten. J?ses dohter wses ge haten
Ercongota halifemne. and wundorlic man. J?sere modor wses
Sexburh Annan dohter EastEngla ciningas.
641. Her wses Osuuald of slagen NorShymbra cining. fram
Pendan Suj? hymbrum on Maser feld on ftam dsege No Aug.
and his lie wses be byrged on BearSan ege. J?ses halines and
wundor wseron syftftan manigfealde gecydde geond 'Sis
egland. and his handa sindon on Bebbanburh unge brosnode.
And her Cenwalh feng to Wsest Seaxena rice, and heold xxi
wintra. se Cenwalh het atimbrian ]?a cyrican on Wintan ceas-
tre. and he wses Kynegilsing. and }?am ilcan geare $e Oswald
waes of slagen. feng Oswiu his bro^or to NorSanhymbran
rice, and he rixode twa Ises xxx geara.
643. Her forftferde Paulinus sercebiscop on Rofesceastre
vi id' Octobr. se wses biscop an Ises xx wintra. and ii monftas.
and xxi daga. And her feng Oswine Edwines 2 fedran suna
sunu Osrices to Dearne rice, and rixade vii winter.
644. Her Cenwalh waes adrifen of his rice fram Pendan
cininge.
645. Her Cenwalh waes gefullod.
648. Her Cenwalh ge sealde Eadrede his mege iii J?usenda
landes be ^Esces dune.
649. Her JEgelbriht of Galwalum sefter Byrine J>am Ro-
manisca biscop on feng Sexena biscopdomas.
650. Her het Oswiu cining of slean Oswine cining on xiii
kl' Septeb. and J?ses ymbe xii niht forftferde Aidanus biscop
on ii kP Sept.
652. Her MiddalEngla onfengon under Pendan ealdor
msen rihtne ge leafan.
653. Her Anna cining werS of slagen. and Botuulf ongan
timbrian mynster set Icanhoe. and her forSferde Honorius
ercebiscop on ii kl' Octobr.
E 2
28 THE PARKER MS.
655. Her Penda forwcar]?. and Mierce wurdon
Cristne. pa was agan from fruman middan geardes
v wintra. and DCCC and L wintr. and Peada feng to
Mercna rice. Pending.
657. Her forf>ferde Peada. and Wulfhere Pending
feng to Miercna rice.
3 The parallel is here dislocated, by
an enlargement of the Laud MS., all its
own. It consists of the first two in-
stalments of a monograph on the Abbey
of Peterborough, which is subsequently
continued in parts, under the proper
dates. This is a leading feature of E,
and stamps it as a Peterborough Edi-
tion of the Chronicle.
It was (in a literary sense) a great
mistake to embody in a national work
so disproportionate a mass of local his-
tory : yet, through this very deformity
of structure, new sources are opened
for the illustration of the Chronicle.
The very clumsiness of the perform-
ance, as it renders the evidence more
palpable, enhances the value of the in-
formation that may be gathered from it.
With this digression we drop sud-
denly into a lower stage of the lan-
guage. The same style recurs only
with the continuations of the same
subject, until towards the close of the
first handwriting, A. D. 1121.
Thus, the insertions on the one
hand, and the first pause in the work
on the other, echo the same sound,
and mutually determine each other's
date. Hence we know, that the change
of handwriting at 1121 is no delusive
token, that the penman brought his
history close up to the time of writing,
and that the insertions now before us
belong definitely to the same literary
effort which produced (not merely this
Edition but even) this particular MS.
of the Chronicle.
The result is, that we have in E,
an unaltered specimen of English of
a known date. As this appertains to
a period in which such illustration is
rare, we must hail it as a real contribu-
tion to the history of our language.
The following are some of the pecu-
liar characteristics of the passage before
us, and of the era which produced it.
1. The vowel e is on the increase.
All vowels, certain diphthongs, and
even some final consonantal syllables,
are apt to fade away into this negligent
and languid sound. Thus, we have e
instead of a (or even ia) in infinitive
terminations, as, arwurften, wurftmin-
ten, areren, wunen, faren, gebidden,
findgn, wurftigen, Iseden, standen : in
other parts of speech, as, toforen, J>eo-
nen, leoue, here, luuen, broftre, swustre,
oftre godene manne, ealre halgane,
andswerode : instead of s&, in areren,
red, hwere, del, mel, lered : instead
of -urn, -an, o, y, ea, eo, in J?segne,
haege, gare, betahten, wrohten, alesed-
nesse, gef, werce, &c. This prevalence
of e is the most universal feature of
the Transition from the ancient inflected
to the modern uninflected language.
2. At the same time e itself is often
substituted by eo : less often, eo occu-
pies the place of a former y. E. g.
heorotogas, feostnode, steode, seonde,
geseond, feorde, heot, seotte, heorda,
seox.
3. In the general confusion ee takes
the place of ea, and (exceptionally) of
e, eo : e. g. w^rft, ?lle, h<ge, <sst,
4. The character a no longer repre-
THE LAUD MS. (E) 29
654. Her Oswiu ofsloh Pendan on Winwid felda. and xxx
cynebearna mid him. and )?a wseron sume ciningas. 'Sere sum
wses J^Selhere Annan broker EastEngla ciningas. Da wses
agan fram fruman middan geardes fif Jmsend wintra. and
DCCC wintra. and Peada feng to Myrcena rice Pending.
3 On his time J?a comon togadere heo and Oswiu Oswaldes
broker cyningas. and sprecon ty hi wolden an mynstre areren
Criste to loue and See Petre to wurSminte. And hi swa
diden. and nama hit gauen Medeshamstede. forf>an )?et iSser
is an wsel )?e is gehaten Medeswsel. And hi ongunnan ]?a ty
grundwalla. and )?8eron wrohten. betahten hit j?a an munec.
SAXULF wses gehaten. He wses swyfte Codes freond. and
him luuede al Jeode. and he wses swyiSe se]?elboren on weo-
rulde and rice, he is nu rnycelne riccere mid Criste.
Oc se kining Peada ne rixade nane hwile. for)?an he wses
beswicen )?urh his agen cwen on Estrentide.
655. Her liSamar Rofe ceastre biscop gehalgode Deusdedit
to Oantwara byrig on vii kl. Apr.
656. Her wses Peada of slagan. and Wulfere Pending feng
to Myrcena rice.
On his time wsex f>et abbodrice Medeshamstede swifte rice,
j? his broker hafde ongunnen. pa luuede se kining hit
sents the full and pure vowel-sound in modern English are the representa-
which had entitled it to the first place tives of a Saxon g.
in the gamut of letters: it begins to 7. But much as these innovations
appear interchangeably with several of alter the complexion of a Language,
the less perfect vowels and diphthongs. their chief value lies in their connexion
Where the more usual is ea, in al, with the great change of the i2th cen-
gare, halfe, gehalden : or se, as in tury, the abolition of grammatical in-
togadere, lawed, ga'S : or e, as in fest- flexions. Of this movement we see
nia, heorda, halgane. tokens in the interpolations of E.
5. The letter u is frequently put for Gender, number, case, the govern-
f, e.g. silver, lowe, hawe, gawen, luwede, ments of prepositions and of verbs, are
\uuen, leowe, sewestlice, Dereworde, in such confusion as to embarrass in-
Cliwe, gatde ( = gafole). stead of aiding the operations of Speech;
6. The g initial or final is changed there was no remedy but to sweep them
to i in some few cases : tateward, iet- all away.
ten, ant, dsei. This became very gene-
ral afterwards, and y rather than i On the nether edge of the leaf, in
came to be employed for the substi- the MS., is written in a hand of the
tute; hence a great many of the y's i_3th century;
ct sfoiu* funtaboiut p'mo ccctam*
30 THE LAUD MS. (E)
swifte for his broker luuen Peada. and for his wed brofteres
luuen Oswi. and for Saxulfes luuen J?es abbodes. cwe$ ]?a
)?et he wolde hit wurftminten and arwur^en be his broSre
rsed ^E^elred and Merwala. and be his swustre red Kyne-
burges and KyneswrSes. and be se sercebiscopes rsed se wses
gehaten Deusdedit. and be al his gewiten rsed laered and
lawed f>e on his kynerice waeron. and he swa dide.
Da seonde se kyning aefter )?one abbode. ]?et he seuestlice
scolde to him cumon. and he swa dyde. Da cwaed se kyning
to J>an abbode. La leof Ssexulf ic haue geseond sefter )?e for
mine saule J>urfe. and ic hit wile ]?e wsel secgon for hwi. Min
broftor Peada and min leoue freond Oswi ongunnen an myn-
stre Criste to loue and Sancte Petre. Oc min broker is faren
of ]?isse liue swa swa Crist wolde. oc ic wile J?e ge bidden la
leoue freond -p hii wirce seuostlice on fere werce. and ic J?e
wile finden fserto gold and siluer. land and ahte. and al ]?et
J?ser to be hofeft. Da feorde se abbot ham and ongan to wir-
cene. Swa he spedde swa him Crist hufte. swa )?et in feuna
geare wses ^ mynstre gare. Da )?a kyning heorda ]?a3t ge-
secgon. ]?a wser'S he swi^e glaad. heot seonden geond al his
]?eode sefter alle his J?segne. sefter sercebiscop and aefter bis-
copes. and aefter his eorles and aefter alle )?a ]?e Gode luuedon.
J?set hi scoldon to him cumene. and seotte J>a dsei hwonne
man scolde ^ mynstre ge halegon.
Da man halgode seo mynstre. J>a wses seo kyning Wulfere
]?aer. and his broker ^E^elred. and his swustre Kyneburg and
Kynesuuith. And seo mynstre halgode seo sercebiscop Deus-
dedit of Cantwarbyrig. and seo biscop of Rofecaestre Ithamar.
and seo biscop of Lundone ]?e waes Wina gehaten. and seo
Myrcene biscop. leruman waes gehaten. and Tuda biscop.
And J?aer waes Wilfrid preost ]?e srSftoii waes biscop. and J>ser
wseron aelle his Segnas )?e waeron on his kynerice.
Da seo mynstre waes ge halgod on Sancte Petres nama and
S. Paules and S. Andr'. j?a stod seo kyning up toforen ealle
his ftsegna. and cwaed luddor stefne. Dancod wurS hit j?on
THE LAUD MS. (E) 31
hsege JElmihti God ]?is wurSscipe ty her is gedon. and ic
wile wurSigen )?is dsei Crist and See Peter, and ic wille )? ge
ealle ge trSe mine worde. Ic Wulfere gife to dsei See Petre
and J?one abbode Saxulf and J?a munecas of ]?e mynstre ]?as
landes and ]?as wateres and meres and fennes and weres and
ealle ]?a landes ]?a )?ser abuton liggeft fta of mine kynerice
sindon freolice. swa $et nan man na haue J?aer nan onsting
buton seo abbot and se muneces. Das is se gife. fram
Medeshamstede to NorSburh. and swa to "Set stede J?et man
cleopeft Folies. and swa sel se feon riht to Esendic. and fra
Esendic to -p steode j?e man cleopeft Fe^er mu$e. and swa -p
rihte weie x mile lang to Cuggedic. and swa to Eaggewilh.
and fra Eaggewilh v mile to (?e rihte se )?e ga$ to ./Elm and
to Wlsebece. and swa abutan iii mile to prokonholt. and fra
prokonholt riht Jmrh al $e fen to Dereuorde -p is xx mile
lang. and swa to Grsetecros. and fra Grsetecros Jmrh an scyr
waeter Bradan se hatte. and J>eonon vi mile to Paccelade. and
swa forS ]?urh selle |?a meres and feonnes )?a liggeii toward
Huntendune porte. and j?as meres and laces. Scselfremere
and Witles mere and selle )?a o]?re ]?a ]?ar abutan liggan mid
land and mid huses ]?a sindon on sesthalfe Scselfre mere, and
feouen selle )?a feonnon to Medeshamstede. and fra Medes-
hamstede al to Welmes forde. and fra Welmes forde to Cliue.
and J?eonen to ^Estune. and fra JEstune to Stanford, and fra
Stanford swa swa -p waeter rennet to seo foren sprecone Nor^
burh. Dis sindon )?a landes and fta feonnes Je seo kyning
gef into See Petres mynstre.
Da cwseft seo kyning. Hit is litel J>eos gife. ac ic wille -p hi
hit haslden swa kynelice and swa freolice. ty ]?3er ne be numen
of na geld na gaule. buton to )?a munecan ane. Dus ic wille
freon ]?is mynstre ]?et hit ne be under J>ed buton Rome ane.
and hider ic wille p we secan See Petre. ealle J>a }?a to Rome
na magen faren.
Betwix ]?as worde ]?a geornde seo abb'e ]>et he scolde him
tyj>ian ]?et he set him geornde. and seo killing hit him tydde.
32 THE LAUD MS. (E)
Ic haue here godefrihte muneces J?a wold en drohtien here
lif on anker setle gif hi wisten hwere. Oc her is an igland
^ man cleopeft Ancarig. and wile ]?es geornen j? we
moten J?ser wircen an mynstre See Marie to lone. )?et hi
moten fser wunen j?a$a here lif wilen Iseden mid sibbe and
mid reste.
Da andswerode seo kyning and ]ms cwaeft. Saxulf la leof.
ne ]?et an ^ $u geornest oc ealle J?a J?ing ty ic wat J>et $u
geornest on ure Drihtnes halfe. swa ic lufe and ty$e. And
ic bidde J?e broker ^E^elred. and mine swustre Cyneburh and
Cynesuuith. for iure sawle alesednesse. J?et ge beon witnesse.
and ty geo hit write mid iure fiiigre. And ic bidde ealle J>a
$a sefter me cumen. beon hi mine sunes. beon hi mine breiSre.
ou)?er kyningas j?a sefter me cumen. j? ure gyfe mote standen.
swa swa hi willen beon delnimende on )?a ece lif. and swa
swa hi wilen setbeorstan ]?et ece wite. Swa hwa swa ure
gife ou]?er o^Sre godene manne gyfe wansia]?. wansie him seo
heofenlice iateward on heofonrice. And swa hwa swa hit
eceft. ece him seo heofenlice iateward on heofenrice.
Das sindon j?a witnes ]?e ]?ser wseron. and J>a ^ gewriten
mid here fingre on Cristesmele. and ietten mid here tunge.
Det wses first seo kyning Wulfere ]?e ty feostnode first mid
his worde and si&5on mid his fingre gewrat on Cristesmel.
and Jms cwseft. Ic Wulfere kyning mid J?as kyningas and
mid eorles and mid heorotogas and mid ]?8egnas J?as ge wit-
nesse mines gifes toforan J?one eercebiscop Deusdedit ic hit
festnia mid Cristes mel. -j- . And ic Oswi Nor]?himbre kyn-
ing J>eos mynstres freond. and J?es abbotes Saxulf. hit loue
mid Cristesmel. -[- And ic Sighere kyning hit tySe mid
Cristes mel. + . And ic Sibbi kyning hit write mid Cristes
mel. -4- . And ic ^E^elred )?es kyningas broker J?et ilce tyde
mid Cristesmel. -(-. And we J?es kyningas swustre Cyneburh
and Cynesuith we hit louien. And ic Kantwarabyrig rerce-
biscop Deusdedit hit tyfte. Sr&San J?a getton hit selle J?a
o$re )?e J?ser wseron mid Cristes mel. -(- . Det waeron be nam.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 33
Ithamar biscop of Rofecestre. and Wine biscop of Lundene.
and leruman se waes Myrcene biscop. and Tuda biscop. and
Wilfrid preost seo wses srSfton biscop. and Eoppa preost J?e
seo kyning Wulhfere seonde to bodian Cristen dome on Wiht.
and Saxulf abbot, and Immine ealdorman. and Eadberht
ealdorman. and Herefrid seldorman. and Wilberht eeldorman.
and Abon seldorman. JESelbold. Brordan. Wilberht. ^Elh-
mund. FreiSegis. )?as and feola oj?re ]?a wseron }?ser kyninges
]?eonest men hit geotton ealle. Bes writ wses gewriton sef ter
ure Drihtnes acennednesse dclxiiii. ]?es kyningas Wulhferes
seoueftende gear. J>es sercebiscopes Deusdedit ix gear. Leidon
J?a Godes curs and ealre halgane curs and al Cristene folces
)>e anijnng undyde ty j?ser wses gedon. Swa beo hit. seij?
alle. Am.
pa J?is J?ing wses ge don, ]?a seonde seo kyning to Rome to
seo papa Uitalianus J?e J?a was. and geornde ^ he scolde
tySian mid his writ and mid his bletsinge eal J?is forsprecene
J?ing. And seo papa seonde ]?a his writ )?us cwse^end. Ic
Uitalianus papa geate j?e Wulhfere cyning and Deusdedit
sercebiscop and Saxulf abb' ealle ]?e J?ing ]?e ge geornon. and
ic forbede J>et ne kyning. ne n.an man ne haue nan onsting
buton ]?on abV ane. ne he ne hersumie nan man buton ]?one
papa on Rome and se sercebiscop on Cantwarbyrig. Gif hwa
J?is tobrekej? aeni)?ing. See Petre mid hia sweord him ady-
lige. Gif hwa hit hselt. S. Petre mid heofne keie un do him
heofenrice. Dus wses seo mynstre Medeshamstede agunnen.
^ man sr&Son cleopede Burh.
SrSSon com an o)?re serceV to Cantwarbyrig. seo wses ge-
haten Theodorus. swifte god man and wis. and heold his
sino]? mid his biscopes and mid J?e lerede folc. pa wses Win-
frid Myrcene biscop don of his biscop rice, and Saxulf abb'
was j?83r ge coren to biscop. and Cuftbald munec of }>e selue
mynstre waes coren to abbot, pis sinaS was gehalden sefter
ure Drihtnes acennednesse seox hundred wintra. and iii and
hund seofenti wintra.
F
34 THE PARKER MS. (ff)
658. Her Cenwalh gefeaht set Peonnum wi)?Walas.
and hie gefliemde o]> Pedridan. J>is wses gefohten sij?-
f>an he of EastEnglum com. he wses J>ser iii gear on
wrece. hsefde hine Penda adrifenne and rices benu-
menne. forj?on he his swostor anforlet.
660. Her ^Egelbryht bisc gewat from Cenwale.
and Wine heold ]?one biscepdom iii gear, and se
yEgelbryht onfeng Persa bisc domes on Galwalum
bi Signe.
661. Her Cenwalh gefeaht in Eastron on Posentes
byrg. and gehergeade Wulfhere Pending of> ^Esces
dune. Snd CuJ>red Cuichelming. and Coenbryht
cyning on anum geare forfferdun. 'Knd on Wiht
gehergade Wulfhere Pending, and gesalde Wihtwaran
^Ej?elwalde SudSeaxna cyninge. forf>on Wulfhere hine
onfeng set fulwihte. Snd Eoppa msesse preost. be
Wilferf>es worde and Wulfhere cyning. brohte Wiht
warum fulwiht serest.
664. Her sunne a]?iestrode and Srcenbryht Cant-
wara cyng forj?ferde. !Snd Coltnan mid his geferum
for to his cy'S'Se. py ilcan geare wses rnicel man
cuealm. ?Cnd Ceadda and Wilfer]? wseron gehadode.
and J?y ilcan geare Deusdedit forjrferde.
668. Her peodorus mon hadode to ercebisc.
669. Her Ecgbryht cyning salde Basse msesse
prioste Reculf mynster ontotymbranne.
670. Her for]?ferde Osweo NorJ>an hymbra cyning.
and Ecgfer]? ricsode sefter him. !Snd HloJ>here feng
to biscepdome ofer Wesseaxan ^Egelbryhtes bisc nefa.
and heold vii gear. Jteodor bisc hine gehalgode. and
se Oswio wses yEf>elferJ?ing./Ej?elfer]?^}?elricing.yE)?el-
ric Iding. Ida Eopping.
671. Her wses J?set micle fuglawcel.
672. Her forj>ferde Cenwalh and Seaxburg an gear
ricsode his cuen sefter him.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 35
658. Her Cenwealh ge feaht set Peonnum wij? Walas. and
heo ge flymde o$ Pedredan. J?is wses ge fohton syS^an he of
EastEngla com. he waes }?ser iii gear on wreccesiS. hsefde
hine Penda adrefedne. and rices benumene forj?an j? he his
swustor forlet.
660. Her ^Eglbriht biscop ge wat fram Cenwala. and Wine
heold $one biscop dome iii gear, and seo ^Eglbriht onfeng
Persa biscop domes on Galwalum be Sigene.
661. Her Cenwealh feaht on Eastron on Posentes byrig.
and gehergode Wulfhere Pending of ^Esces dune, and Cu)?red
Cwichelming. and Centbriht cining on anum geare forSfer-
don. And on Wiht gehergode Wulfhere Pending, and ge
sealde Wihtwarum ^E^elwolde SuSSeaxena cininga. for]?an
Wulfhere hine onfeng set fulwihte. and Eoppa preost be
Wilferftes worde and Wulfheres cininges brohte Wihtwarum
fulwiht serost manna.
664. Her sunne aiSestrode on v no. Mai. and on ftissum
geare com micel mancwealm on Brytene igland. and on J?am
cwealme forSferde Tuda biscop. and wses be byrged on Wa-
gele. and Ercenbriht Cantwara cining forSferde. and Ecgbriht
his sunu feng to ]?am rice, and Coleman mid his geferum for
to his cyftfte. and Ceadde and WilferS wseron gehadode. and
on )>am ilcan geare seo aercebiscop Deus dedit forSferde.
667. Her Oswiu and Ecbriht sendon Wigheard preost to
Borne, -p hine man scolde halgian to sercebiscope. ac he for$-
ferde sona swa he ]?ider com.
668. Her Vitalianus se papa ge hadode Theodorus to arce-
biscop. and sende hine to Brytene.
669. Her Egbriht cining sealde Basse preost Eaculf. myn-
ster to tymbrianne.
670. Her Oswiu forftferde NorSanhymbra cining on xv k'
Mr. and Ecferft his sunu rixade fter him. and Hlothere feng
to biscop dome ofer WeastSeaxum ^Eglbrihtes biscopes nefa.
and heold vii gear, and peodorus biscop hine halgode.
671. Her wses -p mycele fugla well.
672. Her forSferde Cenwalh. and Sexburh an gear rixade
his cwen sefter him.
F 2
36 THE PARKER MS. (2S)
673. Her Ecgbryht Cantwara cyning forjrferde and
J>y geare wees senoft oet Heorotforda. and See yEj?el-
dryht ongon ]?aet mynstaer aet Elige.
674. Her feng ^Escwine to rice on Wesseaxum. se
wes Cen fusing. Cenfus Cenfer}?ing. Cenfer]? Cu}?
gilsing. Cu]?gils Ceolwulfing. Ceolwulf Cynricing.
Cynric Cerdicing.
675. Her Wulfhere Pending, and ^Escwine. gefuh-
ton set Biedan heafde. and J>y ilcan geare Wulfhere
forj?ferde. and yE]?elred feng to rice.
4 Here the parallel is disturbed a
second time, by the third article on
Peterborough Minster. Like the two
former, it is cemented to the Anna!
by the phrase On his time. The
Language is of the same stamp as
before ; and the following remarks are
in continuation of the note at p. 29.
Passing from letters to words, we
see the old habits of Gender, Number,
Case, falling out of rule, or dropping
off altogether. The Article is particu-
larly sensitive, and exhibits every phase
of the prevailing perturbation. We
meet with seo kyning ; \>a kyning ; seo
mynstre; seo sercebiscop; ^ ilce for-
giuenesse; se gife; PL se muneces;
of \>one muneca. But we also find
\>e mynstre, and here the germ of
order is already seen in the appearance
of that impassive monosyllable, which
soon levelled all distinctions of a dege-
nerate Accidence, and concentrated in
itself the once divided functions of the
Definite Article. In this the English
made a step, which even French has
not yet come up to.
Verbs and Prepositions no longer
command their wonted Cases. E. g.
nama hit gauen Medeshamstede be-
tahten hit J?a an munec of abbod-
rice be se sercebiscopes rsed to seo
foren sprecone Norft burh. In these
instances the Nominative stands where
the old classic Englisc would have had
the Dative. This Case went first ; the
Accusative stood longer, and the Geni-
tive has partially remained to our own
day. In the Text, an Accusative often
fills the place of the old Dative ; e. g.
geafon and getton ]>one abbot set \>one
stede to foran ]pone sercebiscop. An
Accusative even stands for the Nomi-
native ; swa micel swa \>one abbot wile :
and a Nominative instead of the Accu-
sative ; Ic Agatho . . . grete wel seo . . .
kyning !
Of the variety of Declensions little
now remains; a single letter (s) forms
the Plural of Nouns, and likewise their
Genitive Singular. Hence we find the
Genitives gifes ; Kyneburges and
KyneswlSes; and the Plurals, sunes,
heorotogas, landes : all in violation
of the ancient Grammar.
Akin to the above, is the frequent
rejection of the prefix ge before the
past participle, and some substantives
which it usually accompanied. Thus
we find, faren, coren, sprecon,
wroht, and the substantive writ in-
stead of gewrit.
But this decay of an ancient Gram-
mar only makes way for the bursting
THE LAUD MS. (E) 37
673. Her ^Egbriht Cantwara cining forSferde. and Theo-
dorus eercebiscop gesomnode sinoft set Heortforde. and See
jEiSeldriJ? ongan )? mynster set Helige.
674. Her feng ^Escwine to rice on WestSeaxum.
675. Her Wulfhere Pending and ^Escwine Cenfusing ge
fuhton set Bedan heafde. and j?a ilcan geare Wulfhere for$
ferde. and ^E^elred feng to rice.
4 On his time J?a seonde he to Rome Wilfrid biscop to J?am
pape J?e J?a wes. Agatho he wa3s gehaten. and cydde him mid
writ and mid worde. hu his breftre Peada and Wulfhere and
se abbot Saxulf. heafden wroht an minstre Medeshamstede
wses gehaten. and ty hi hit heafden gefreod wiiS kyriing and
wr3 biscop of ealle J?ewdom. and bed him ^ he scolde -p geten
mid his writ and mid his bletsunge. And seo papa seonde
]?a his gewrite to Englalande )>us cweftende.
Ic Agatho papa of Rome grete wel seo wurftfulle JEftelred 33ulla pape
Myrcene kyning and se sercebiscop Theodorum of Cantwar
byrig. and seo Myrcene biscop Saxulf seo aer wses abbot, and
alle J?a abbotes )?a sindon on Englalande Godes gretinge
and minre bletsunge. Ic haue geheord seo kyninges JEft el-
redes geornunge and j?es sercebiscopes Theodorus. and J?es
biscopes Saxulfes. and }?es abbotes Cuthbaldes. and ic hit
wille ty hit on selle wise beo. swa swa ge hit sprecon haueu.
And ic bebeode of Godes half and S' Petres. and ealra
halgan. and ealre hadode heafde. ]?et ne kyning ne biscop ne
forth of a young system which fills, plete. Here we gained a march on
and more than fills, the room of its the cognate dialects, German and
predecessor. An elaborate Accidence Dutch. Let any one try to imagine
is picturesque to the fancy, but to the the great works of English Litera-
operations of the mind it is hampering. ture couched in an inflected Lan-
One necessity of form begets another. guage. In so strait a garment, they
Where the noun must be in a certain could never have attained the ease and
case, it will probably be found neces- expansion for which they are so dis-
sary to give the clause a particular tinguished. Even this raw composi-
shape, and that again will have its tion of the 1 2th century shews a sense
effect on the cast of the entire sen- of new freedom, as it marches along
tence. It has been a great advantage regardless of the forms of words, mind-
to us that the Transition took place ing only their sensible worth and lucid
when it did, and that it was so com- collocation.
38 THE LAUD MS. (E)
eorl 5 . ne nan man ne haue nan onsting. ne gafle ne geold
ne feording 6 ne nanescinnes fteudom ne nime man of f
abbot rice of Medeshamstede. Ic beode sec -f J>e scyr biscop
f ne seo swa dyrstlece ^ he ne hading ne haleging ne do on
J?is abbot rice buton seo abbot hit him bidde. ne biscop wite
ne sinaft ne naneskinnes j?ing na haue ]?8er nan onsting.
3fo&as <ruasi And ic wille f seo abbot beo gehealden for legat of Rome
2>8atus monw ofer eal ^ i g i an a e . and hwilc abbot )?e bej> J?2er coren of J>e
munecan )? he beo gebletsad of J?an sercebiscop of Cant
warbyrig. Ic wille and tyfte )> hwilc man swa haueft behaten
to faren to Rome and he ne muge hit forSian. ouSer for
untrumnisse. ouSer for lauerdes neode. oirSer for haueleste.
ouSer for hwilces cinnes ofter neod he ne muge J?ser cumon.
beo he of Englelande oirSer of hwilc ofter igland beo he.
cume to ty mynstre on Medesham stede. and haue ^ ilce for-
giuenesse of Criste and S' Peter, and of J?one abbot and of
J?one muneca ty he scolde hauen gif he to Rome fore. Nu
bidde ic )?e broker Theodorus ^ Jm lete bedon geond sel
Englelande J?et seo sina'S wur^e gegaderod. and )?is write
wur^e geredd and gehealdon. Al swa ic beode J?e Saxulf
biscop -p swa swa }m hit geornest. j? seo mynstre beo freo.
swa ic for beode j?e and ealle J>e biscopas ]>e sefter ^e cumon
of Criste and of ealle his halgan ^ ge nan onsting ne hauen
of ^ mynstre buton swa micel swa j?one abbot wile. Nu
wille ic hit segge mid worde -p hwa swa halt J?is write and
J?is bode. ]?a wurSe he efre wuniende mid God ^Elmihti on
heuenrice, and hwa swa hit tobreceft. ]?a wur^e he aman-
sumed and ani^rod mid ludas and mid ealle deofle on helle
buton he cume to dedbote. AMEN.
Das writ seonde seo papa Agatho and an hundred and fif
5 This title occurs also above (p. 30) 6 I n Cod. Dipl. 990. feording,
in the previous portion of the Peter- wrong. The Latin text there gives
borough story. In reference to the the true sense j non census, non tri-
times spoken of, it is a strong ana- butum, non militia, non aliqua un-
chronism, for there were no eorlas in quam servitutis occasio &c. Feording
England then. It was Danish, and =fyrd, fyrding, expeditio, military
came in with the Danes. service.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 39
and twenti biscopes bi Wilfrid aercebiscop of Eoferwic to
Englalande. pis waes gedon aefter ure Drihtnes acenned-
nesse dclxxx. j?es kininges vi gear J^Selredes.
Da heot seo kining J?one aercebiscop Theodorus ^ he
scolde setton ealle gewitenemot aet ]?one stede *p man
cleopeft Heatfelde. Da hi wseron J?ser gegaderod. J?a leot
he raedon ]>a ge write ]?e seo papa J?ider seonde. and ealle hit
getton and fulfeostnodon.
Da seide se kyning. Ealle J?a )?ing j?e min broker Peada.
and min broker Wulfere. and mine swuster Kineburh and
Kynesuith geafon and getton See Peter and ]?one abbot ]?a
wile ic ^ stande. and ic wile on min daei hit aecon for here
sawle. and for miure sawle. Nu gife ic See Peter to daei
in to his minstre Medeshamstede ]?as landes. and eal ty l?aer
to liggeft. J?et is Bredune. Hrepingas. Cedenac. Swineshaefed.
Heanbyrig. Lodeshac. Scuffanhalch. Costesford. Stretford.
Waettelleburne. Lufgeard. Jtyelhuniglond. BarJ?anig. Das
landes ic gife See Peter eal swa freolice swa ic seolf hit
ahte. and swa ^ nan min sefter gengles J?ser nan fing of ue
nime. Gif hwa hit doiS. J?es papa curs of Rome and ealre
biscope curs he habbe. and here ealre ]?e her be gewitnesse.
and J>is ic festnie mid Cristes tacne. +. Ic Theodorus serce-
biscop of Cantwarbyrig am witnesse of )?as ge write of Medes-
hamstede. and ic festnie mid min ge write, and ic amansumie
ealle ]?a J^ser anij?ing of breke. and ic bletsie ealle J>a J?e hit
healden. + Ic Wilfrid serceV of ^Eferwic ic earn witnesse
of J?as ge write, and ic gsete J?ses ilce curs. + Ic Saxulf )?e
wses first abbot and nu earn biscop ic gife hi min curs and
ealle min seftergengle ]?e J?is tobreket. Ic OstrrSe JEftel
redes cwen hit tyiSe. Ic Adrianus legat hit iete. Ic Putta
biscop of Rofecestre ic hit write. Ic Waldhere biscop of
Lundene hit festnie. Ic Cuftbald abbot hit geate swa j?et
hwa swa hit breket. ealre biscope cursunge and eal Cristene
foces he hafe. Am.
40 THE PARKER MS. (ff)
676. Her ^Escwine for}?ferde. and Hedde feng to
bisc dome, and Centwine feng to rice, and Centwine
was Cynegilsing. Cynegils Ceolwulfing. 2nd /E#e
red Miercna cyning oferhergeada Centlond.
678. Her oj>iewde cometa se steorra. !Snd WilfriJ?
biscop wses adrifen of his bisc dome from EcgferJ?e
cyninge.
679. Her yElfwine wees ofslsegen. and See zEJretyryJ?
for)? ferde.
680. Her gesset peodorius serce biscop senoj? on
Hcef>felda. forj?on he wolde J?one Cristes geleafan
geryhtan. Snd J>y ylcan geare for]?ferde Hild abbo-
desse on Streonesheale.
682. On J>issum geare Centwine gefliemde Bret
wealas op See.
685. Her Cead walla ongan sefter rice winnan. Se
Ceadwalla was Coenbryhting. Coenbrhyt Cading.
Cadda Cu]?aing. Cuf>a Ceawlining. Ceawlin Cynricing.
Cynric Cerdicing. Snd Mul was Ceadwallan bro]?ur.
and )?one mon eft on Cent forbsernde. !Snd J>y ilcan
geare EcgferJ? cyning mon ofslog. Se EcgferJ? wses
Osweoing. Osweo ^E)7elferJ?ing. /EJ?elfer]? zEj>elricirig.
yEJ^elric Iding. Ida Eopping. !Snd HloJ?here J>y ilcan
geare for)? ferde.
686. Her Ceadwalla and Mul Cent and Wieht for-
hergedon.
F. 685. . . . Her wearS on Brytene blodi ren. and meolc and
butere wurdon gewend to blode.
7 The fourth piece of the records of prelacy of Egbalth. Such a notice is
Peterborough, peculiar to E. The in- proper to a monograph, but very in-
trusion is betrayed, not only by the Ian- congruous in a page of the national
guage and the subject, but also by the story, where the very key-note of the
Synchronizing of Theodorus with the era is Theodorus.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 41
676. Her ^Escwine forSferde. and Hedde feng to biscop
dome, and Centwine feng to West Seaxna rice, and J3$elred
Myrcena cining oferhergode Cent land.
678. Her ateowede cometa se steorra on Auguste. and scan
iii inoirSas selce morgen swilce sunne beam, and Wilferft bis-
cop wses adrifen of his biscop dome fram Ecferfte cininge.
and man ge halgode ii biscopas on his stal. Bosan to Derum.
and Eatan to Beornicum. and man ge halgode Lindis warum
to biscope Eadhed. se wses on Lindissi serost biscopa.
679. Her man of sloh ^Elfwine be Trentan ]?8er $ser EgferiS
and J&3elred ge fuhton. and her forSferde see yE$eldrr$. and
Coludes burh for barn mid godcundum fyre.
680. Her geset Theodorus a3rcebiscopes sinoiS on HseiS
felda. forj?an ]?e he wolde J;one Cristes ge laefan ge rihtan. and
J?y geare Hild abbo^essa on Streones heale forSferde.
681. Her man halgode Trumbriht biscop to Hagustaldes
ea. and Trumwine Pihtum forj>an hy hyrdon J?a hider.
682. Her on iSissum geare Centwine geflymde Britwalas
o}> see.
684. Her on ftissum geare sende EcgferS here on Scottas.
and Briht his ealdorman mid. and earmlice hi Godes cyrican
hyndan and baerndon.
685. Her hset EcgferS cining gehalgian Cuftberht to bis-
cope. and Theodorus archieps hine ge halgode on Eoferwic
J?am forman Eastordsege to biscope to Hagustaldes ham. for
J?am Trumbriht wses adon of $am biscop dome, and iSy ilcan
geare man of sloh EcgferS cining be nor^an sse. and mycelne
here mid him on xiii kl' Junii. He wses xv winter cining.
and AldfriS his broker feng a3fter him to rice, and her ongan
Ceadwala winnan sefter rice, and J?y ilcan geare Loftere Cant
wara cining foriSferde. and man ge halgode lohannes on Agust'
to biscope. and he J?ser wses o&Se WilfriJ? in com. SySiJan
feng lohannes to Ceastre biscop dome. forSan Bosa biscop
wses forSfaren. J?a wses Wilfer^ his preost syftftan ge halgod
Ceastre to biscope. and f for to his mynstre on Derawuda. f i.e. John.
686. Her Ceadwala and Mul his broker forhergodan Cent
and Wiht. 7 paes Credwala gef into see Petres minstre Medes-
hamstede Hoge. $ is in an igland Heabureahg hatte. J?a wses
abbot on J?sere minstre Egbalth waes gehaten. heo wses se
J?ridde abbot sefter Saxulfe. )?a wses Theodorus serceb' on Cent.
G
42 THE PARKER MS.
687. Her Mul wear)? on Cent forbaerned. and oj?re
xii men mid him. and ]>y geare Ceadwalla eft Cent
forhergeada.
688. Her Ine feng to Wesseaxna rice, and heold
and he getim- xxxvii wifit. Snd Ipy ilcan geare Ceadwalla
traded Duster ^ ^ Rome and ft^^ Qnf from
at Glcestmga by-
rig. J?am papan. and se papa nine heht Petrus.
and ymb vii niht he forf> ferde. pon was se Ine Cen-
reding. Cenred Ceolwalding. Ceolwald was Cynegilses
brojmr. and J?a wseron CuJ>wines suna Ceaulininges.
Ceaulin Cynricing. Cynric Cerdicing.
690. Her peodorius serce bisc for}? ferde. and feng
Beorhtwald to f>arn bisc dome. y& waerun Romanisce
biscepas. si)?J?an wserun Englisce.
694. Her Cantware ge|?ingodan wij? Ine. and him
gesaldon xxx m u . forj?on Ipe hie ser Mul for baerndon.
!Snd Wihtred feng to Cantwara rice and heold xxxiii
wiiit. Se Wihtred was Ecgbryhting. Ecgbyrht !S!r-
cenbryhting. Erconbryht Eadbalding. Eadbald yE]?el-
bryhting.
703. Her Hedde bisc for]? ferde. and he heold J?one
bisc dom xxvii wint on Winta ceastre.
704. Her zEj>elred Pending Miercna cyning onfeng
munuc hade, and J?aet rice heold xxviiii wintra. J?a
feng Coenred to.
705. Her Sldfer]? Norman hymbra cyning forj^ferde
and Seaxwulf bisc.
709- Her Tfldhelm bisc for}?ferde. se wses be x westan
wuda bisc. and waes todceled in foreweardum Danieles
dagum in tua biscscira WestSeaxna lond and ser hit
wees an. oj?er heold Daniel. oj>er Sldhelm. yEfter
!Sldhelme feng ForJ?here to. Snd Ceolred feng to
n xxx punda B. xxx Jmsend punda thirty men: probably an oversight. No
to freondscipe F. xxx milia librarum doubt m stands for milia,
F. Lat. In Mon. Hist. Brit, the read- x Selewuda B.
ing of 5C is given as xxx manna =
THE LAUD MS. (E) 43
687. Her Mul wserS on Cent baerned. and o^re xii men
raid him. and }?y geara Ceadwala eft forhergode Cent.
688. Her for Ceadwala cining to Rome, and onfeng fulluht
set Sergium J?am papan. and he him scop Petrum to name,
and he sy&San ymbe vii niht forSferde on xii kF Mai under
Cristes claSum. and he wses gebyrged innan See Petres
cyrican. and Ine feng to rice on WaestSaexna sefter him. se
rixade xxvii wintra. and sySftan gewat to Rome, and faer
wunode o]> his endedaeg.
690. Her Theodoras serceb' forSferde. he waes xxii wintra
b'. and he waes bebyrged innan Cantwarbyrig.
692. Her Brihtwold waes ge coren to aercebiscop on kP
Jul'. he waes aer abbot on Raculfe. ser jnssan wseron Roma-
nisce biscopas. and sySftan wseron Englisce. j?a waeron ii
ciningas on cent. Wihtred. and Waebheard.
693. Her wses Brihtwald gehalgod to aercebiscope fram
Godune Galwala biscop on v no Jul'. innan ]?as tyd Gife-
mund b' forSferde. and Brihtwald ge halgode Tobian on his
steall. and Brihthelm wses of lyfe ge leed.
694. Her Cantwara ge ftingoden wr3 Ine and him ge seal-
don xxx ]?usenda forSan ]>e hi aar Mul forbserndon. and
Wihtred feng to Cantwara rice, and heold thre and twenti
wintra.
697. Her SuiSanhvmbre ofslogon OstrySe ^EiSelredes
cwen. EcgfrrSes swuster.
699. Her Pyhtas slogon Berht ealdorman.
702. Her Kenred feng to Su$ hvmbra rice.
703. Her Haedde b' forftferde. and he heold ]?one biscop
dom xxvii wintra on Wintan ceastre,
704. Her ^E^elred Pending Mircena cining onfeng munuc
hade, and J?et rice heold xxix wintra. )?a feng Kenred to.
705. Her AldfriS Nor]?an hymbra cining foriSferde on xix
kF Jan on Driffelda. )?a feng Osred his sunu to rice.
709. Her Aldelm biscop foriSferde. seo waes be waestan
wudu b'. and waes to dasled on fore weardum Danieles dagum
on ii biscop scyra Wasst Seaxna landes. and aer hit wees an.
o$er heold Daniel, ofter Aldelm biscop. aefter Aldelme
Forhere feng to. and Ceolred feng to Myrcena rice, and
Cenred for to Rome and Offa mid him. and Cenred wses J?aer
o$ his lifes ende. and J?i ilcan geare WilferS biscop forftferde
G 2
44 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
Miercna rice, and Ceonred for to Rome and Ofta mid
him.
710. Her Beorhtfrfy ealdnrmon feaht wi\> Peohtas. And Ine and Nan his
mag gefuhton wi\> Gerente Wala cyn'mge.
714. Her forf> ferde Gu]?Iae se halga.
715. Her Ine and Ceolred fuhton set Woddes
beorge.
716. Her Osred Nor}?an hymbra cyning wear]? of
slsegen se hsefde vii winter rice ysefter !Xldfer]?e. ]?a
feng Coenred to rice, and heold ii gear. ]?a Osric and
heold xi gear. Slid on ]?am ilcan geare Ceolred
Miercna cyning for]? ferde. !Snd his lie reste]? on
Licet felda. and yE^elnedes Pendinges on Bearddan
igge. and f>a feng ./E]?elbald z to rice on Mercium. and
heold xli winter. yE]?elbald wses Slweoing. Slweo
Eawing. Eawa Pybing. ]?ses cyri is beforan awriten a .
Snd Ecgbryht se arwier]?a wer on Hn ]?am ealonde
}?a munecas on ryht gecierde. J>at hie Eastron on ryht
heoldon. and ]?a ciriclecan scare.
718. Her Ingild for]? ferde Ines brojmr. and hiera
swostur wserun Cuenburg and Cu]?burh. and sio CuJ?
burh J>aet liif set Win burnan arserode and hio wses
forgifen Nor]?an hymbra cvninge 3^1d fer]?e. and hie
be him lifg-endum hie gedeldun.
721. Her Daniel ferde to Rome, and }?y ilcan geare
Ine ofslog Cynewulf.
722. Her yE]?elburg cuen towearp Tantun b and Ine
sertimbrede. and Sldbryht wr<eccea gewat on Su]?rige
and on Su]?Seaxe. and Ine gefeaht wi]? Su]?Seaxum.
and
725. Her Wihtred Cantwara cyning for]?ferde. }?ses
Eadberht feng to Centrice.
cyn is beforan 6 . Snd Ine feaht wi]? Su]?Seaxan. and
]?ser ofslog Sldbryht.
728. Her Ine ferde to Rome, and J?ser his feorh
gesealde and feng yEJ?elheard to Wesseaxna rice and
THE LAUD MS. (E) 45
in Undalum. and his lie man laedde to Ripura. he wses biscop
xlv wintra. J?one EcgferS cining ser bedraf to Rome.
710. Her Acca WilferSes preost feng to J?am biscop dome
]?e he ser heold. and J?am ilcan geare feoht BeorhtfrrS ealdor
man wr3 Pyhtas betwix Hsefe and Caere, and Ine and Nun
his msei gefuhton wr3 Gerente Weala cininge 8 . and J?am ilcan
geare man of sloh Hygebald.
714. Her Guftlac seo halga forSferde.
715. Her Ine and Ceolred gefuhton set Wodnesbeorge.
716. Her Osred NorSarihymbra cininga wserS of slagen be
suftan ge msere. se hsefde vii winter sefter Ealdfer]?e. J>a feng
Cenred to rice, and heold ii gear, and )?a Osric and heold xi
gear, and eac on J?am ilcan geare Ceolred Myrcena cining
forj>ferde. and his lie restaiS on Licet felda. and ^Eftelredes
Pendinges on BearSan ege. and J?a feng JEiSelbald to rice on
Myrcum. and heold xli wintra. and Ecgbyrht se arwur)?a wer
ie hiwan to rihtum Eastrum. and to See Petres scaere.
718. Her Ingild forSferde Ines broftor. and heo swustra
weeron Cwenburh and CirSburh. and seo Cu^burh ^ lyf set
Winburnau aererde. and heo wses forgifen Nor^hymbra cininge
Ealdfer^Se. and heo be him lifigeiidurn gedaeldon.
721. Her Daniel for to Rome, and J?i ilcan geare me of
sloh Cynewulf J?one 8eJ?eling. and her for^ferde se halga biscop
loh's. se wses biscop xxxiii geara. and viii monftas. and xiii
dagas. and his lie restaft in Beoferlic.
722. Her ^E^elburh cwen to wserp Tantun ];one Ine ser
tymbrade. and Ealdbriht wrecca ge wat on Su^rege. and on
Su$ Seaxe.
725. Her Wihtred Cantwara cining for^ferde on nokl'Mai.
se rixade xxxiiii wintra. and Ine gefeaht wr<5 Suftseaxum.
and J?ser of sloh Ealdberht J>one 89]?eling J?e he ser utflemde.
726. Her Ine for to Rome, and feng ^E^elheard to West
Seaxna rice his msei. and heold xiiii gear.
y and eefter, the reading of 3", of his troubles, and assured him that
seems to be an error. he should be king of Mercia. Cf. A.
z This ^EJ?elbald was forced into Saxon Life of S. Guthlac (Ed. Good-
exile by Ceolred, and had betaken win), cap. 19.
himself to St. Guthlac, the Hermit of a Anno 626. b \>e B.
Crowland : with whom he found refuge c Anno 694.
and comfort (gebeorh and frofor). The 8 See Smith and Stevenson on E. H.
holy man predicted a happy issue out v, 18. ( 410. Ed. Stev.)
46 THE PARKER MS.
hcold xiiii gear !nd f>y geare gefuhton y)?elheard
and Oswald se <e]?eling and se Oswald was /E]?elbald-
ing. /EJ?elbald Cynebalding. Cynebald Cuj?wining. Cuf>-
wine Ceaulining.
729. Her cometa se steorra hiene of>iewde and Scs
Ecgbryht for]?ferde.
730. Her Oswald se ce^eling for]? ferde.
731. Her was ofslsegen Osric Norman hymbra cy-
ning and feng Ceoluulf to f>am rice, and heold viii
gear. Snd se Ceolwulf wses CuJ?aing. CuJ>a CuJ>-
wining. CuJ>wine Leodwalding. Leodwald Ecgwalding-
Ecgwald Sldhelming. Sldhelm Ocging. Ocga Iding.
Ida Eopping. Snd Beorhtwald aercebisc gefor.
!Snd }?y ilcan geare Tatwine waes gehalgod to aerce
bisc.
733. Her yE]?elbald ge eode Sumur tun and sunne
aj?iestrode.
734. Her wses se mona swelce he waere mid blode
begoten and ferdon for]? Tatwine and Bieda.
736. Her No]?helm aercebiscep onfeng pallium from
Romana bisc.
737. Her ForJ>here bisc and Fri]?ogiJ> cuen ferdun
to Rome.
738. Her Ead bryht Eating Eata Leodwalding feng
to NorJ?an hymbra rice, and heold xxi wint. and his
bro]?or wees Ecgbryht Eating serce bisc and hie restaj?
begen on Eofor wic ceastre on anum portice.
741. Her yEj>elheard cyning for]? ferde and feng
Cu]?r<ed to Wesseaxna rice and heold xvi wiiit and
heardlice gewon wij> /Ej>elbald cyning Snd CuJ>bryht
wees to serce bisc gehalgod. and Dun bisc to Hrofes
ceastre.
743. Her jEjrclbald and disced fuhton wi]?Walas.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 47
727. Her forSferde Tobias biscop in Rofecestre. and on his
stal Brihtwold aercebiscop gehalgode Aldulf tobiscope.
729. Her atewoden twegen cometan. and )?i ilcan geare
Osric forftferde seo waes xi winter cining. and seo halga Ecg-
briht in li. J?a feng Ceolwulf to rice, and heold viii gear.
730. Her Oswald deling forSferde.
731. Her Brihtwold sercebiscop forSferde on Id' Janr. seo
waes biscop xxxvii wintre. and six monftas and xiiii dagas.
and J>y ilcan geare man gehalgode Tatwine to sercebiscop.
seo waes aer in Mercum preost in Breodune. hine halgodan
Daniel Waentan biscop. and Ingwald Lunden biscop. and Aid-
wine Licet felda b\ and Aldulf Rofeceastre V. die x Junii
mensis.
733. Her ^IC^elbold geeode Sumortun and sunne a-Ses-
trode. and Acca waes adrifen of biscop dome.
734. Her waes se mona swilce he waere mid blode begoten.
and Tatwine for<5ferde erceV. and eac Beda. and man ge
halgode Ecgbriht to biscope.
735. Her oufeng Ecgbriht V pallium aet Rome.
736. Her Noj7helm ercebiscop onfeng pallium fram Ro-
mana biscope.
737. Her ForS here biscop. and Fryftegi)> cwen ferdon to
Rome, and Ceolwulf cining feng to Petres scsere. and sealde
his rice Edberhte his federan sunu. se rixade xxi winter, and
.^Eftelwold biscop and Acca forSferdon. and Cynewulf man
ge halgode to biscope. and ]?y ilcan geare ^Eftelwold hergode
NorShymbra land.
738. Her Eadbriht Eating Eata Leodwalding feng to
NorShymbra rice, and heold xxi wintra. and his broftor wees
Ecgbriht Eating aerceV. and heo restaft begen on Eoferwic
ceastre on anum portice.
740. Her -ZESelherd cining forSferde. and faeng CuSred his
maeg to West Seaxna rice, and heold xvi gear, and heardlice
ge wann wi'S ^E^elbold Myrcena cining. and Eadberht waes
to aerceb' ge halgod. and Dunn b' to Rofescaestre.
741. Her forbarn Eoferwic.
743. Her ^E^elbald Myrcena cining and Cuftred West
Seaxna cining gefuhton wr8 Wealas.
48 THE PARKER MS.
744. Her Danihel gesaet on Wintan ceastre and
Hunfer}? f'eng to bisc dome.
745. Her Danihel for]? ferde. j?a was xliii winf agan
sif>J?an he onfeng bisc dome.
746. Her mon slog Selred cyning.
748. Her wees ofslaegen Cynric Wesseaxna ce]?eling
and Eadbryht Cantwara cyning for]? ferde. and mheibyrht
Wihtredes sunu tinges feng to \>am rice.
750. Her Culp red cyning gefeaht uui]? yEf>elhun
}?one ofermedan aldorman.
752. Her CuJ?red gefeaht j?y xii geare his rices set
Beorg feorda wi]? yEj?elbald.
753. Her Cu|?red feaht wtyWalas.
754. Her Cu]?red forj?ferde and Cyneheard onfeng
bisc dome aefter Hunfer]?e on Wintan ceastre and Cant
wara burg forbsern ]?y geare and Sige bryht feng to
Wesseaxna rice and heold an gear.
755. Her Cynewulf benam Sigebryht his rices and
WestSeaxna wiotan for unryhtum d<edum. buton
Ham tun scire. and he haefde J>a oj? he ofslog ]?one
aldor mon }?e him lengest wunode. and hiene J>a Cyne-
wulf on Jfndred adraefde. and he |?aer wunade. oj?f>aet
hiene an swan d ofstang aet Pryfetes flodan. and he
wrijec J?one aldor mon Cum bran, and se Cynewulf oft
miclum gefeohtum feaht uuij? Bretwalum. and ymb
xxxi wint )>aes J?e he rice haefde he wolde adrsefan
anne ce]?eling se waes Cyneheard haten and se Cyne-
heard waes J?aes Sigebryhtes bro]?ur. 3md ]?a geascode
he J?one cyning lytle werode on wif cyj?]?e on Meran
tune, and hine f>ser berad and Jxme bur utan be code
aer hine J?a men onfunden ]?e mid J?am cyninge waerun.
and }?a ongeat se cyning J?aet and he on ]?a duru eode
and J?a un heanlice hine werede. of> he on ]?one cef>el-
ing locude and }?a ut raesde on hine and hine miclum
gewundode. and hie ealle on j?one cyning waerun
THE LAUD MS. (E) 49
744. Her Daniel gesset on Wintan csestre. and Un feng
to b'dome. and steorran foran swyfte scotienda. and Wilferft
seo iunga se waes V on Eoferwic forftferde on iii kP Mai. se
wses xxx wintra biscop.
745. Her Daniel forftferde. ]?a wses xlvi wintra agan syftftan
he onfeng biscop dome.
746. Her man sloh Selred cining.
748. Her wses ofslagen Cynric WestSeaxna se)?eling. and
Eadbriht Cantwara cining forftferde.
750. Her Cuftred WsestSeaxna cining gefeaht wift -ZE)?elhun
ftone eofermodigan ealdorman.
752. Her CuJ?red WsestSeaxna cining gefeaht J?y xxii
geara his rices set Beorh forda. wrS J^ftelbald Myrcena cing.
and hine geflymde.
753. Her CirSred WsestSeaxna cyning gefeaht wift Wealas.
754. Her Cuftred WsestSsexna ciuing forftferde. and Cyne
heard onfeng biscop dome sefter HunferSe on Wintan ceastre.
and Cantwara byrig forbarn fty geare. and Sigbriht his mseg
feng to WsestSeaxna rice, and heold i gear.
755. Her Cynewulf benam Sigebrihte his msege his rice,
and Wajst Seaxna witan for unrihtum dsedum buton Hamtun
scyre. and he hafde J?a oft he of sloh ftone ealdorman J?e him
lengs wunode. and hine J?a Cynewulf on Andred adrefede.
and he J?ser wunode oj? )? an swan hine of stang set Pryftes
flodan. sse swan wrsec 'Sone ealdorman Cumbran. and se
Cynewulf oft feaht mycclum ge feahtum wr3 Britwealas. and
ymb xvi wintra )?ses )?e he rice hsefde. he wolde adrsefan
senne se^eling se waes Cyneheard gehaten. se Cyneheard wes
)?3es Sigebrihtes bro^or. and )?a acsode he ]?one cining lyt
wyrede on wifcy^an on Merantune. and hine J?ser berdd.
and ]?one bur uton beeodon. ser hine J?a men afundan }?e
mid )?am cyninge waeron. and )?a ongeat se cyning ty. and he
on $a duru code and ]>a un heanlice hine werode. oft he on
]?one se]?eling locade. and J?a utresde on hine. and hine myc-
clum gewundode. and he ealle on ftone cining feohtende
d a quodam subulco juxta Pryfetes- larum Personarum (Thope's Ancient
flodan lancet perforatur. Flor. There Laws of England), the position, duties
were two kinds of swine-herd, the free and rights of each class may be ascer-
and the bond. In Rectitudines Singu- tained.
H
50 THE PARKER MS. (ff)
feohtende oJ?J>set hie hine ofslsegenne haefdon.
J>a on J?aes wifes gebserum onfundon J?ses cyninges
J?egnas ]?a unstilnesse and }?a J?ider urnon swa hwelc
swa f>onne gearo wear]? and radost TCnd hiera se
ce]?eling gehwelcum feoh and feorh gebead and hiera
nsenig hit gej?icgean nolde. !Se hie simle feohtende
wseran op hie alle Isegon butari anum Bryttiscum
gisle and se swi)?e gewundad wses.
Da on morgenne gehierdun J?set J?ses cyninges ]?eg-
nas J>e him beseftan wserun J?set se cyning ofsleegen
wses f>aridon hie ]?ider. and his aldorman Osric and
WiferJ? his f>egn and J?a men ]?e he beseftan him
Isefde ser and Jxme cej>eling on J>sere byrig metton J?ser
se cyning ofslsegen laeg and ]?a gatu him to belocen
haefdon and J>a J?8er to eodon. !Snd ]?a gebead he him
hiera agenne dom feos and londes gif hie him fees
rices u)?on. and him cyjxlon J>8Et hiera msegas him
mid wseron |?a ]?e him from noldon. Snd )?a cu<edon
hie f>83t him nsenig moeg leofra naere Jxmne hiera
hlaford and hie nsefre his banan folgian noldon and
J>a budon hie hiera msegum ]?83t hie gesunde from
eodon. !Snd hie cucedon Ipeet taet ilce hiera geferum
geboden wsere ]?e asr mid )?am cyninge wserun. ]?a
cucedon hie }?8et hie hie J?ses ne onmunden ]?on ma
J>e eowre geferan J>e mid J>am cyninge ofslsegene
waerun. 3!nd hie J>a ymb J?agatu feohtende W83ron
oJ?J>aet hie J?ser inne fulgon and Jxme celling ofslogon
and J?a men J?e him mid waerun alle butan anum se
wses J>ses aldor monnes god sunu and he his feorh
generede and J?eah he wses oft gewundad.
!Snd seCynewulf ricsode xxxi wint. and his lie li]?
set Wintan ceastre and J?ses ce]?elinges set Sscan mynster
en
and hiera ryht feeder cyn gcej? to Cerdice.
J?y ilcan geare mon ofslog yE{?elbald Miercna
THE LAUD MS. (E) 51
wseron. o$ j?et hig hine ofslsegeri hsefdon. and J?a on
wifes ge baeron onfundon J?ses ciningas ]?egnas J?a unstilnessa.
and j?a J?ider urnon. swa hwilc swa $onne gearo wear<5 hra-
"Sost. and se sefteling gehwilcan feoh and feorh bead, and
heo nsenig ]?icgan noldan. ac heo symle feohtende wseron.
oj? hig ealle ofslagene wseron. buton anum Brytwyliscum
gisle. and se swyfte gewundod wses.
pa on morgen gehyrdon -p j?es ciniges J?egnas J?e him baefton
waeron p se cining of slagen wses. J?a ridon )?ider and his eal-
dorman Osric. and WiferS his )?egn. and J?a men J?e he him
be sefton laefde ser. and )?one seeding on )?sere byrig ge metton
J?ser se cining of slagen laeg. and heo ]?a gatu heom to belocen
haefdon. and $a ^er to eodon. and J?a bead he heom heora agene
dom feos and landes gif heo him J?aes rices ufton. and heom
cydde )? heora maga him mid wseron $a ]?e him fram noldon.
and J>a cwe^on hig. -p heom nsenig mseg leofra nsere J?one
heora hlaford. and heo naefre his banan folgian noldon. and ]?a
budon hi heora magon )? hi heom gesunde fram eodon. And
hi cwaedon j? }? ilce heora ge ferum ge boden wsere ]?e ser
mid J?am cininge wasron. Da cwaedon hi j? *p hi ]?ses ne ge
mundon )?oun ma J>e heora geferen J?e mid )?am cininge
wseron ofslagene. hi J?a ymb 'Sa gatu feohtende waeron o$
hi }?3er in flugon. and J?one ae)?eling of slogon. and )?a men $e
mid him waeron ealle buton anum. se waes ]?es ealdormannes
godsunu. and he his feorh generede. and he waes oft ge
wundod.
And se Cynewulf rixade xxxi wintra. and his lie ligiS
on Wintan ceastre. and j?ses seSelingas on Axan mynster. and
heora riht fsederan cyn geeft to Certice.
And J>y ilcan geare man of sloh J^Selbald Myrcene cining on
F. 755. Her Cynewulf benam Sib'te cinge his rice, and Sib'tes
broker Cynehard gehaten. of sloh Cynewulf on Merantune. And
he rixode xxxi gear. And Sas ylcan geares man ofsloh JESelbald
Myrcena cing on Hreopandune. And Offa gefeng Myrcena rice.
geflymdon Beornrede.
H 2
52 THE PARKER MS. (#)
cyning on Seecan dune, and his lie lij? on Hreopa
dune, and Beornr<ed feng to rice, and lytle hwile
heold and ungefealice. !Xnd )?y ilcan geare Offa feng
to rice, and heold xxxviiii wint. !Snd his sunu Eg-
\>
fer heold xli daga and c daga Se Offa wses pincg
ferjring pincgferj? Ean wulfing Eanwulf Osmoding
Osmod Eawing Eawa Pybbing Pybba Creoding
Creoda Cynewalding Cynewald Cnebbing Cnebba
Iceling Icel Eomsering Eomaer !XngelJ>owing Sngel
]?eow Offing Offa Wsermunding Waermund Wyhtlseg-
ing Wihtlseg Wodening.
758. Her Cu)?bryht arcebisc forj?ferde.
759. Her Bregowine wses to ercebisc gehadod to
See Michaeles tide.
760. Her yEfelbryht Cant wara cyning for)?ferde.
se was Wihtredes cing sunu.
761. Her wees semycla wint.
763. Her lanbryht waes gehadod to aercebisc on
J?one feowertegan daeg ofer midne winter.
764. Her laenbryht sercebisc onfeng pallium.
768. Her forfyferde Eadberht Eating cing.
772. Her Milred bisc for]?ferde.
773. Her of>iewde read Cristes mtfil pn hefenum
sefter sunnan setlgonge and J>y geare gefuhton Mierce
and Cantware aet Ottanforda and wunderleca n<edran
wasron gesewene on SuJ>Seaxna londe.
8 This is the Ceolwulf whose name his abdication and retirement to a mo-
is famous through the Dedication of nastic life in 737. Monachus apud
the Ecclesiastical History. GLORIO- Lindisfarnensem insulam factus est.
SISSIMO REGI CEOLUULPHO (Sim. Durli.) Accounts differ widely
BAEDA Pamtilus Christ! et Pres- as to the year of his death. He was
byter. We have had his accession to canonized, and placed in the Calendar
the Northumbrian throne in 729, and Jan. 15. (Stevenson's Baada.)
THE LAUD MS. (E) 5S
Secandune. and his lie restaiS on Reopandune. and he rixade
xli wintra. and ]?a feng Beornred to rice, and litle hwile heold
and unge fealice. and )?a ilcan geare Offa ge flymde Beornred
and feng to |?am rice, and heold xxxix wintra. and his sunu
EcgferS heold xli daga. and c daga. se Offa wses pin gc f erring.
757. Her Eadberht NorShymbra cining feng to scsere.
and Osulf his sunu feng to j?am rice, and rixade i gear, and
hine of slogon his hiwan on ix kP Augusti.
758. Her CuSbriht serceb' forSferde.
759. Her Bregowine wses to serceb* gehalgod to see
Michaeles tyde. and Moll ^E^elwold feng to rice on NoriS
hymbrum. and rixade vi wint. and hit ]?a forlet.
760. Her ^E^elbriht Cantwara cining forSferde. and Ceol-
wolf eac forSferde 8 .
761. Her wses se myccla winter, and Moll Norj?hymbra
cining ofsloh Oswine set ^E d wines clife. on octauo i<T Au-
gusti.
762. Her lanberht wses ge hadod to serceV on iSon xl dseg
ofer mide winter, and FrrSewald biscop set Witerne forSferde
on no Mai. se wses ge halgod on Ceastrum on xviii kl' Sept.
J?am vi wintra Ceolwulfes rices, and he wses b' xxix wintra.
]?a man gehalgode Pyhtwine to b' set JElfetee on xvi kl'
Aug' to Hwiterne.
765. Her feng Alhred to NorShymbra rice, and rixade
eahta winter.
766. Her forSferde Ecgberht serceb'. in Eoferwic on xiii
kr Decemb\ se wses b' xxxvi wintra. and Fri^eberht in Ha-
gustaldesee. se waas biscop xxxiiii wintra. and man gehalgode
^E^elberht to Eoferwic. and Ealhmund to Hagustaldes ee.
768. Her forSferde Eadberht Eating on xiiii kl' Septembris.
769. Initium regni Karoli regis.
772. Her Mildred V forSferde.
774. Her NorShymbra fordrifon heora cining Alhred of
Eoferwic on Easter tid. and genamon ^E^elred Molles sunu
heom to hlaforde. and se rixade iiii gear, and men ge segon
read Cristes mel on heofenum sefter sunnan setlan gange. on
J?y geare ge fuhton Myrce and Cantwara set Ottan for da. and
wundorlice nsedran wseron ge seogene on SitSseaxna lande.
776. Her forSferde Pehtwine biscop on xiii kl' OctoV. se
wses b' xiiii wintra.
54,
THE PARKER MS. (R)
777. Her Cynewulf and Offa gef uhton ymb Benes-
ingtun and Offa nam Jx>ne tuun.
780. Her SldSeaxe and Francan gefuhtun.
F. 777. Her was ^/Selbyrht gehalgod to b' to Hwit'ne on Euer-
wic.
778. Her feng Alwold to rice and rixad x winter.
779. Her JESelbyrht arb' forSferde. and Eanbald was gehalgud
an his loh. and Cynebald geset in Lindisfarna ee.
780. Her Alcmund b' on Hagstd'ee forSferde. and Tilb'eht
9 The fifth piece of the records of
Peterborough Minster. Tt is two old
documents ; the first a Lease of Abbey
Lands, the second an instrument of
affiliation.
The historian has his originals be-
fore him ; he divests them of their
technicalities, and gives them a more
familiar form. So it was with the
earlier parts also : for we may some-
times discern in them the fragmentary
traces of an older form, though we
know nothing of it from any other
source. There is a document in ex-
istence concerning the gift of Ceadwala
in 686, but it is spurious. It may be
seen in Mr. Kemble's great work, the
Codex Diplomaticus JEvi Saxonici
(No. 40). But the present insertion
may be compared with extant origi-
nals ; Cod. Dipl. Nos. 165. 1 68. The
former identifies itself completely with
the text, and forms an excellent illus-
tration.
A In nomine gubernantis dei mo-
narchiam totius mundi! Ego Beonna
abbas gratia dei, cum conscientia et
licentia fratrutn deum colentium in
monasterio quod appellatur Medes-
hamstede, tradidi Cuthberhto principi
terram x. manentium, quse nuncupatur
jet Suinesheabde, cum pratis et pascuis
ac silbis cunctisque ad se pertinenti-
bus. Hanc autem terram ille Cuth-
berht a me digno comparauit prsetio,
id est mille solidis, et singulis annis
mihi meisque successoribus unius noc-
tis pastum aut triginta . . . rauit siclos.
Hoc territorium prsefatus princeps ea
conditione adquisiuit, ut post comple-
tionem diei illius, qui ab eo meruere
satagunt hseredibus derelinquat, et hse-
redes prsedecessoris prsefatam conditio-
nem conseruent in pastu uel pecunia;
et post uitam illorum absque offendi-
culo pacis ad ius pristinum antenomi-
nata terra reuertatur. Huius autem
rei ita gestse hi fideles testes aderant
et conscripserunt.
A Ego Offa gratia dei rex Mercio-
rum signo crucis Christi propria manu
roboraui. -f- Ego quoque Ecgferth
rex Merciorum consensi et subscripsi.
-f- Ego Hygeberht archiepiscopus fir-
mando subscripsi. -f Ego Ce[ol]uulf
episcopus scribendo consensi. + Ego
Unuuona episcopus scribendo firmaui.
+ Ego Beonna abbas hanc meam
munificentiam signo crucis Christi fir-
maui. -f- Ego Uu[ig]bald presbyter
et arc consensi. + Ego Beornuuald
presbyter subscribendo consenso. -|-
Ego Eanred presbyter subscribe et
consenso. -\- Ego Til^egn scribendo
firmaui.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 55
777. Her Cynewulf arid Offa geflyton ymb Benesingtun.
and Offa genam J?one tun. And j?y ilcan geare man gehal-
gode ^E^elberht to biscope to Hwiterne in Eoferwic on xvii
kl' lulii.
9 On ]?as kinges daei Offa. waes an abbot on Medeshamstede
Beonne gehaten. se ilca Beonne J>urh ealle J?a munekered
of )?ere minstre ]?a let he CuiSbriht ealdorma x bondeland
set Swinesheafde mid Iseswe and mid maedwe. and mid eal
pet J?ser to laei. and swa -p seo CuiSbriht geaf ]?one abbote L
punde J?aerfore. and ilca gear anes nihtes feorme ouiSer xxx
scyllinge penega. swa eac 'p eafter his dsei scolde seo land
ongean into )?a mynstre. At ]?is gewitnesse waes seo kining
Offa. and seo kining EgferS. and seo aerceb' Hygeberht. and
Ceolwulf biscop. and Inwona V. and Beonna abbot, and feola
o]?re biscopes and abbotes. and feola o$re rice men.
On )?es ilca Offa dsei. waes an ealdorman Brordan waes ge
haten. he geornde at se kyning. ty he scolde for his luuen
freon his ane mynstre Wocingas het. for]?i 'Set he hit wolde
giuen into Medeshamstede. and See Peter, and j?one abbote
J?e ]?a was. he was Pusa gehaten. seo Pusa waes aefter
Beonna. and seo kining hine luuede swiSe. and seo kyning
freocle )?a ^ mynstre Wocingas wr3 cining and wi^ biscop
and wr$ eorl. and wift ealle men. swa j> nan man ne hafde
j?aer nan onsting. buton S. Peter and j?one ab'. Dis waes
don on fe cininges tune Freoric burna hatte.
778. Her jEiSebald and Hearberht ofslogon iii heahge
refan Ealdulf Bosing aet Cininges clife. and Cynewulf. and
Ecgan aet Hela ]?yrnum on xi kl' Apr. and j?a feng Alfwold
to rice, and ^E^elred bedraf on lande. and he rixade x
winter.
Karolus in Hispanias intravit. Karolus Saxoniam venit. Ka-
rolus Pampileniam urbem destruxit, atque Cesar Augustam :
exercitum suum conjunxit, et acceptis obsidibus, subjugatis
Sarracenis, per Narbonam Wasconiam Franciam rediit.
779. Her Ealdseaxe and Francon gefuhton. and NorS
hymbra heahge refan forbearndon Beorn ealdorman on Sele
tune on ix kF Janr. and ^ESelberht erceV forSferde in
Ceastre. and on J?ses stall Eanbald waes ge halgod. and Cyne-
bald b' ge sset in Lindisfarna ee.
780. Her Alchmund biscop in Hagsta'dee foriSferde on vii
56 THE PARKER MS. (S)
784. Her Cyneheard ofslog Cynewulf cyning and
he J?ser wear]? ofslaegen and Ixxxiiii monna mid him
and f>a onfeng Beorhtric Wesseaxna rices, and he
ricsode xvi gear and his lie lij? set Werham. and his
ryht fcedren cyn gee)? to Cerdice. TO tysan timan rixode Eaih
mund cing innon Cent.
785. Her wses geflitfullic seno]? set CealchyJ?e. and
laenbyrht sercebisc forlet sumne d<el his biscdomes.
and from Offan kyninge Higebryht wses gecoren. and
EcgferJ? to cyninge gehalgod.
787. Her nom Beorhtric cyning Offan dohtor Ead-
burge. !Snd on his dagum cuomon serest iii scipu and
J>a se gerefa j?serto rad and hie wolde drifan to J?aes
cyninges tune J>y he nyste hwset hie wseron. and hiene
rnon ofslog. pset waeron ]?a serestan scipu Deniscra
monna f>e !Sngel cynnes lond gesohton.
790. Her laenbryht sercebisc for)?ferde. and Ipy ilcan
geare wses gecoren yE)?elheard abbud to bisc.
was gecoren )>an to. and Hibald to Lindisfaranaee. and Alwold cing
sende to Rome sefter pallium to Eanboldes arb' behoue.
782. Her forftferde Cynewulf b' of Lind' and Sino^ was at Aclea.
785. Her sset full sino^ at Cealchy^e. and lanberht arb' farlet
sum dsel of his b'dome. and fram Offan cinge Higbyrht was gecoren.
and EgferS to cinge gehalgod. and on 'Sis timan wseron serendracan
gesend fram Adriane papan to Englalande to geniweanne ^one gelea-
van. Sa scs Gregorius us sende. and hi man mid wurftscipe underfeng.
787- Her Brihtric cing nam Offan doht' Eadburhge to wive, and
on his dagan coman serost iii scipa Norftmanna of Here^alande. ]? wse-
ran 'Sa seroston scipa Deniscra manna Se Angelcynnes land gesohton.
788. Her was Sino^ gegaderod on Nordhumbralande set Pincan-
heale.
789. Her was Alwold NorShymbra cing weart) ofslagen and heo-
vonlice lioht was gelome gesawen Sar Sar he cfslagen was. and
Osred Alcredes sunu feng to rice forSan he was Alwoldes neva. And
mycel sino^ was at Aclea.
790. Her lanbyrht arb' forSferde. and 'Sas ylcan geares was ge-
coren ASelhard Hludensis monasterii abb' to arb'. and Osred NorS-
hymbra cing was aflymed of rice, and ^E^elred A^elwaldes sunu eft
feng to rice.
791. Her Baldulf was gehalgod to b' fram Eanbalde arb' and
fram ^ESelb'hte b' to Hwit'ne.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 57
id' Sept. and Tilberht man ge halgode on his steal on vi no
Octob'. and Higbald man ge halgode to biscop set Soccabyrig
to Lindisfarna ee. and yElfwold cining sende man sefter pal-
lium to Rome and Eanbald dyde to serceb'.
782. Her forSferde Wserburh Ceolredes cwen. and Cyne
wulf b' in Lindisfarna ee. and seonod wses at Aclea.
784. Her Cyneheard of sloh Cynewulf cining. and he wser<S
J?ser ofslagen. and Ixxxiiii manna mid him. and J?a onfeng
Brihtric West Seaxna cining to rice, and he rixade xvi gear,
and his lie lift ser Wserham. and his riht fsedern cyn gseft to
Certice.
785. Her forSferde Botwine abbot in Hripum. and her
waes geflitfullic sino^S set CealchySe. and lanberht erceb'
forlet sumne clsel his biscop domes, and fram Offan cininge
Hygebriht wes gecoren. and EcgferS to cining ge halgode.
And in 'Sas tid wseren serendracen ge send of Rome fram
Adrianum papan to JEngla lande to niwianne )?one geleafan
and ]?a sibbe i$e scs Gregorius us sende ]?urh ]?one b' Augusti-
num. and hi man mid wurSscipe under feng.
787. Her nam Breohtric cining Offan dohter Eadburge.
and on his dagum comon serest iii scipu NorSmanna of
HereSa lande. and J?a se gerefa ]?ser to rad. and he wolde
drifan to iSes cininges tune ]?y he nyste hwset hi wseron. and
hine man of sloh )?a. Deet waeron ]?a erestan scipu Deniscra
manna J?e Angel cyunes land gesohton.
788. Her waes sinoS ge gaderod on NorShymbra lande set
Pincanheale on iiii no Sept. and Aldberht abb' foriSferde.
Karolus per Alemanniam venit ad fines Bauuarie.
789. Her Alfwold NoriSanhymbra cining wses ofslagan
fram Sigan on ix kF Octobr. and heofenlic leoht wses gelome
seogen ftser )?er he ofslagen wses. and he wses bebyrged on
Hagust'dee. innan ]?sere cyrican. and sinoiS wses ge gaderod
set Aclea. and Osred Alchredes sunu feng to rice sefter him
se wses his nefa.
790. Her lanbriht arcebiscop forSferde. and ]?y ilcan geare
waes ge coren ^EiSelheard abb' to arceb'. and Osred NorSan
hymbra cining wses be swicen and of rice adrefed. and -#3el-
red Aftelwaldes sunu eft feng to rice.
791. Her wses Baldwulf gehalgod to b' to Hwiterne on xvi
kl' Aug. fram Eanbalde arceb'. and fram JSftelberhte biscope,
I
58 THE PARKER MS.
792. Her Offa Miercna cyning het /E]?elbryhte
rex j?set heafod ofaslean.
794. Her Xdrianus pap and Offa cyning for]?fer-
don. and yEj?elred Nor]?an hymbra cyning wses of
slaegen from his agenre J>eode and Ceolwulf bisc and
Eadbald bisc of f>sem londe aforon. and Ecgfer}? feng
to Miercna rice, and ]?y ilcan geare for]?ferde. Snd
Eadbryht onfeng rice on Cent. j?am was o)?er noma
nemned Prsen.
796. Her Ceolwulf Miercna cyning oferhergeade
Cantware op Mersc and gefengun Praen hiera cyning
and gebundenne hine on Mierce leeddon.
797. Her Romane Leone J?8em pap his tungon for-
curfon and his eagan astungon and hine of his setle
aflierndon. and f>a sona eft Gode fultorniendum he
meahte geseon and sprecan. and eft was papa swa he
ser wses.
792. Her Offa cing het ^ESelb'hte cinge f heavod ofaslean.
793. Her wseran re'Se forebycna cumene on NorShymb' land, and
8 folc earmlice drektan. $ wseran ormete ligrsescas. and wseran ge-
sawense fyrene dracan on 'Sam lifte fleogende. and sona fylygde mycel
hunger, and sefter ^am ^es ylcan geares earmlice hse^enra hergung
adyligodan Godes cyrican in Lindisfarenaee.tmrh reaflac and manslyht.
794. Her Adrian' papa and Offa cing forSferdon. and A^elred
Nor^h' cing was ofslagen. and Ceolwulf b' and Eadbald b' of 'San
lande foron. and Egcfer8 feng to Myrc'rice. and on ftan geare forS
ferde. and Eadb'ht Prsen onfeng rice on Cent.
795. Her was se mona a^estred. betwyx hancre and dagung. and
Eardulf feng to Nordh'rice. and gebletsod to cing fram Eanbalde arb'
and ^ESelb'hte b'. and Higbalde. and Badewulfe b'.
796. Her on 'Syson gearse Ceolwulf Myrcna cing overhergode
Cent, and gefeng Eadberht Prsen heora cing and gebundene Isedde
on Myrce. and let him pycan ut his eagan. and ceorfan of his hand. *
797. 798. 799. . . (E. 797) . . and Alfhun b' forSferde on Sudb'i. he
wearS bebyrged on Domuce. and TidfriS wearS gecoren sefter him. and
SiricEastsexana cing ferde to Rome. In Sysum ylcan geare Wihtburge
lichama wearS gefunden eal gehal and unfor . . J . . d a Deorham after
fif and fifte gearon |>as ^e heo of ^ysum live gewat. (J sine corrup-
tione. F.Lat.)
THE LAUD MS. (E) 59
792. Her Offa Myrcena cining het ^^elbrihte $ heafod
of slean. and Osred }>e waes Nor)?anhymbra cining sefter wraec
srSe ham cumenum gelseht wses. and ofslagen on xviii kP
Octobr. and his lie lig$ aet Tinan mu)?e. and uE^elred cining
feng to niwan wife, seo wses ^Elfled gehaten. on iii kP Octob.
793. Her wseron refte forebecna cumene ofer NorSanhym-
bra land, and j? folc earmlice bregdon. ty waeron or mete lig
rsescas and waeron geseowene fyrene dracan on j?am lyfte
fleogende. j?am tacnum sona fyligde mycel hunger, and litel
aefter ]?am ]?ses ilcan geares on vi id' Jaiir earmlice heftenra
manna hergung adiligode Godes cyrican. in Lindisfarena ee.
}mrh reaflac and man sleht. and Sicga forSferde on viii kP Mr.
794. Her Adrianus papa and OfFa cining forSferden. and
JEftelred NorSanhymbra cining waes of slagan fram his agenre
feode on xiii k' Mai. and Ceolwulf V and Eadbald biscop of
]?an lande aforon. and EcgferS feng to Myrcene rice, and ]?y
ilcan geare forSferde. And Eadbriht onfeng rice on Cent J?am
wses ofter nama nemned Praen. And ^EiSelheard ealdorman
forSferde on k' Aug. and )?a hse^enan on NorShymbrum
hergodon. and Ecgfer^es mynster set ftone mu)?e berefodon.
and j?ser heora heretogena sum ofslsegen wearS. and eac
heora scipu sume J?urh oferweder wurdon tobrocene. and
heora feala ]?2er adruncon. and sume cuce to ]?am steeiSe comon.
and ]?a man sona of sloh set fteere ea muSan.
795. Her waes seo mona aiSistrod betwux hancred and
dagunge on v kl' Apr. And Eardwulf feng to Norfanhymbran
cine dome on ii id Mai. and he waes sy&San gebletsod and
to his cine stole ahofen on vii k' Junii on Eoferwic fram Ean-
balde arceb' and JSiSelberhte. and Higbalde. and Badewulfe.
796. Her forSferde Offa Myrcena cining on iiii id' Augusti.
se rixode xl wintra. and Eanbald arceb' on iiii id Aug' J?aes ilcan
geares. and his lie lig$ on Eoferwic. and J?es ilcan geares forS
ferde Ceolwulf b'. and man gehalgode o]?erne Eanbald on J?ses
o^res stal on xix kP Sept. and ]?y ilcan geare Ceolwulf Myrcena
cining ofer hergode Cantware and Mersc ware, and ge fengon
Praen heora cining. and gebundenne hine laeddon on Myrce.
797. Her Romane Leone j?am papan his tungan forcurfan.
and his eagan ut astungon. and hine of his setle aflymdon.
and J?a sona eft Gode ge fultumiendum he mihte ge seon and
sprecan. and eft waes papa swa he ser wses. and Eanbald
I 2
60 THE PARKER MS. (S)
799. Her yEj>elheard sercebisc and Cynebryht Wes-
seaxna bisc foron to Rome.
800. Her Beorhtric cyning forjrferde and Worr
aldormon. 3rid Ecgbryht feng to Wesseaxna rice.
3nd f>y ilcan dsege rad yEj?elmund aldorman of Hwic-
cium ofer set Cynem seres forda. pa rnette hine Weox-
tan aldorman mid Wilssetum. peer wear]? micel ge-
feoht and J?ser begen ofslsegene J>a aldor men. and
Wilssetan namon sige.
802. Her wses gehadod Beorn mod bisc to Hrofes
ceastre.
803. Her yE^el heard serce bisc forj>ferde and Wul-
fred wses to serce bisc gehadod. and ForJ>red abbud
forjrferde.
804. Her Wulfred aerce bisc pallium onfeng.
805. Her Cuf>red cyning forjrferde on Cantwarum
and Ceolburg abbudesse and Heabryht aldorman.
812. Her Carl cyning for)?ferde. and hericsode xlv
wint. !Snd Wulfred arce bisc and Wigbryht Wes-
seaxna bisc foron begen to Rome.
818. Her Wulfred serce bisc mid bledsunge j?ses
papan Leon hwearf eft to his agnum bisc dome and
F. 806. . (E) . . Eac on Syse ylcan geare. ii no lunii. rode tacn
wearS ateowed on 'Sam monan. anes Wodnes dseges. innan Sare
dagenge. and eft on Sysum geare iii kl' Sept. an wunderlic trendel
wearS ateowed abutan ^are sunnan. (Luna xii, die Dominica, hora
iiu a mirabilis corona in circuitu sotis apparuit. F. Lat.)
809. Her seo sunne aftestrode on angynne Sare fifte tide t5as
dseges xvii kal' August!, ii feria. luna xxix.
10 Eodem vero die quo rex Brihtri- toniensibus ascendit contra eum; com-
cus vita decessit, contigit Merciorum missoque gravi prselio, multi ex his et
ducem JEthelmundum de Mercia cutn ex illis ceciderunt, amboque duces occisi
suis exiisse, vadumque, quod linguS, corruerunt, victoriam ver6 Wiltonienses
Anglorum Cymeresford nominatur, habuerunt. (Flor.)
transisse ; cujus adventu cognito, Wil- 1 Wihstan B. Wehostan C.
toniensium dux Weohstanus cum Wil- 2 Brihtric's death; Asser 855.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 61
onfeng pallium on vi id' Sept. and JE^elberht b' forSferde on
iii kl' Nov.
798. Her wses mycel gefeoht on NorShymbra lande on
lengtene on iiii no Apr. set Hweallsege. and fser man of sloh
Alric Heardberhtes sunu. and oftre msenige mid him.
799. Her yESelred arceb' and Cynebriht Wsest Ssexna bis-
cop foran to Roma.
800. Her wses se mona aftistrad on $sere oft re tid onniht
on xvii kl' Febr. and Brihtric cining forftferde' 2 . and Worr
sealdorman. And Ecgberht feng to Wsest Seaxna rice. And J?y
ilcan dseg rad .ZEfelmund ealdorman of Hwiccum 10 ofer set
Cynemseresforda. fa gemette hine Weohstan l ealdorman mid
Wilssetum and ]?ser wserS mycel gefeoht. and fser begen
ofslagene wseron. ]?e ealdormen. and Wilssete namon sige.
Karolus rex imperator factus est, et a Romania appellatus
Augustus ; qui illos qui Leonem papam dehonestaverant morte
damnavit, sed precibus papa3 morte indulta exilio retrusit.
Ipse enim papa Leo imperatorem eum sacraverat.
802. Her afteostrade se mona on dagunge on xiii kl' Jafir.
and Beornmod waes ge halgod to b' to Rofeceastre J?y ilcan
geare.
803. Her forftferde Higbald Lindisfarna b' on viii F Julii.
and man gehalgode on his steal Ecgberht on iii id' Junii. and
JEftelherd arceb' forSferde on Cent, and Wulfred to arceb'
gehalgod.
804. Her Wulfred arceb' onfeng pallium.
805. Her CuiSred cining forSferde on Cantwarum. and
Ceolburh abb'e. and Heard berht.
806. Her se mona aftistrode on kl' Sept. and Eardwulf
Nor^anhymbra cining w3s of his rice adrifen. and Eanberht
Hagusteald bs forSferde.
810. Karolus cum Niceforo imperatore Constantinopol' pa-
cem fecit.
812. Her Karl cining forSferde. and he rixade xlv wintra.
and Wulfred arceb'. and Wigbriht Wsest Saexna b' foran to
Rome. Cireneius Karolo imperatori legatos suos cum pace
mittit. Karolus imperator obiit.
813. Her Wulfred arceb' mid bletsunge ]?aes papan Leon
hwearf eft to his agenum biscop dome, and ]>y geare ge her-
62 THE PARKER MS.
}?y geare gehergade Ecgbryht cyning on WestWalas
from easte weardum op westewearde.
814. Her Leo seeej>ela pap and se halga for)?ferde.
arid aefter him Stephanus feng to rice.
816. Her Stephanus pap for]?ferde. and aefter him
was Paschalis to papan gehadod. Tfnd J?y ilcan geare
forborn Ongolcynnes scolu.
819- Her Cenwulf Miercna cyning forj>ferde and
Ceolwulf feng to rice, and Eadbryht aldor mon forj>
ferde.
821. Her wear]? Ceolwulf his rices besciered.
822. Her tuegen aldormen wurdon ofslaegene Burg
helm and Muca. and senoj? waes set Clofes hoo.
823. Her waes Wala gefeoht and Defna aet Gaful
forda. ?Cnd Ipy ilcan geare gefeaht Ecbryht cyning and
Beornwulf cyning on Ellen dune, and Ecgbryht sige
nam. and J?aer waes rnicel w<el ge slsegeri. pa sende
he yEj?lwulf his sunu of J?aere fierde and Ealhstan his
bisc and Wulfheard his aldor mon to Cent micle
werede and hie Baldred ]?one cyning nor]? ofer
Temese adrifon. and Cant ware him tocirdon and
Suf>rige and Suf>Seaxe and EastSeaxe Ipy hie from
his msegum ser mid unryhte anidde wserun.
!Snd J?y ilcan geare EastEngla cyning and seo J?eod
gesohte Ecgbryht cyning him to frij>e and to rnund
boran for Miercna ege and }>y geare slogon East
Engle Beornwulf Miercna cyning.
825. Her Ludecan Miercna cyning and his v aldor
men mon ofslog mid him and Wiiglaf feng to rice.
827. Her mona a]?istrode on middes vvintres maesse
niht.
Snd f>y ilcan geare ge code Ecgbryht cyning
Miercna rice and al J?set be suj>an Humbre waes. and
he woes se eahtej?a cyning sef>e Bretwalda waes. ^Erest
^Elle SuJ?Seaxna cyning se Jnis micel rice haefde. se
THE LAUD MS. (E) 63
gode Ecgberht cining on WestWalas fram easteweardum oft
westewearde.
814. Her Leo se seftela papa and se halga forftferde. and
sefter him Stephanus feng to rice.
815. Her Stephanus papa forftferde. and sefter him wses
Paschalis to papan gehalgod. And )?y ilcan geare forbarn
Angel cynnes scolu.
819. Her Cenwulf Myrcena cining forftferde. andCeolwulf 3
feng to rice, and Eadberht ealdorman forftferde.
821. Her wserft Ceolwulf his rices bescered.
822. Her twasgen aldormen wurdon of slagene Burhhelm
and Muca. and sinoft set Clofesho.
823. Her wees Weala ge feoht and Defena set Gafol forda.
And J?y ilcan geare ge feaht Ecgberht West Seaxna cining
and Beornulf Myrcena cining a3t Elian dune, and Ecgberht
sige nam. and ]?ser wses mycel wsel ge slsegen. pa sende he
JEftelwulf his sunu of )?a3re ferde. and Ealhstan his b'. and
Wulfheard his ealdorman to Cent mycele wserede. and hi
Baldred )?one cining norft ofer Temese adrifen. and Cantwara
him to cyrdon. and Suftrig. and Suftseaxe. and Eastseaxe.
J?y hi fram his magum ser mid unrihte anydde wseron.
And j?y ilcan geare EastEngla cining and seo ]?eod gesohte
Ecgbriht cining him to frifte and to mundburan for Myrcena
ege. and J?i ilcan geare slogon EastEngle Beornulf Myrcena
cining.
825. Her Ludecan Myrcena cining. and his v ealdormen
man ofsloh mid him. and Wiglaf feng to rice.
827. Her se mona aftistrode on middes wintres messaniht.
And J?y geare geeode Ecgbriht cining Myrcena rice, and eal
^ besuftan Humbre waes. and he wses se eahtofta cining se ]?e
Brytenwealda waes. And a3rest waes JLlle SuSseaxna cining se
3 Between Cenwulf and Ceolwulf crudelitatis ab Asceberhto, nutritore
was a brief reign of the sainted king, suo cruentissimo, in vasta sylvaque ne-
Cenhelm : found in no MS. of the morosa sub arbore spinosa occulte tra-
Chronicle. Florence celebrates him : ditur jugulo ; verum qui solo teste coelo
Rex Merciorum S. Kennlphus, .... est jugulatus, coelo teste per columnam
filium suum Kenelmum septennem lucis postmodum est revelatus, &c.
regni reliquit hseredem. Sed paucis Dr. Ingram quotes an early English
mensibus evolutis, germanse suse Quen- Life of S. Kenelm, from a MS. in the
drythae insidiis, cujus ssevam conscien- Library of Trin. Coll. Oxon. (No. 57.
tiam dira cupido regnandi armarat, ausu Arch.)
64 THE PARKER MS. (ff)
aeftera waes Ceawlin Wesseaxna cyning. sej?ridda waes
yEj>elbryht Cantwara cyning. sefeorj?a waes Rcedwald
EastEngla cyning. fifta was Eadwine NorJ?an hymbra
cyning, siexta wees Oswald se sefter him ricsode.
seofoj^a wses Oswio Oswaldes brojmr. eahtoj>a wses
Ecgbryht Wesseaxna cyning.
^ind se Ecgbryht Ledde fierd to Dore wij? Norman
hymbre. and hie him ]?8er eaj?medo budon and ge-
Jjusernesse. and hie on)?am tohwurfon.
828. Her eft Wilaf onfeng Miercna rices and yE)?el-
wald bisc forjrferde and J?y ilcan geare Icedde Ecgbryht
cyning fierd on Norf>Walas. and he hie to ea)?modre
hersumnesse gedyde.
829. Her Wulfred sercebisc forj>ferde.
830. Her CeolnoJ? wees gecoren to bisc and geha-
dod. and Feologid abbud forjrferde.
831. Her Ceolno)? eercebisc onfeng pallium.
832. Her hce)?ne men oferhergeadon Sceapige.
833. Her gefeaht Ecgbryht cyning wij> xxxv scip
hlsesta setCarrum. and j?ser wearj? micel Wcel geslsegen
and }?a Denescan ahton Wtel stowe gewald 3md
HereferJ? and WigJ^en tuegen biscepas forj?ferdon and
Dudda and Osmod tuegen aldormen for}?ferdon.
835. Her cuom micel sciphere on WestWalas and
hie to anum gecierdon. and wij> Ecgbryht West
Seaxna cyning winnende wseron. pa he J>aet hierde
and mid fierde ferde and him wij?feaht set Hengest
dune, and J?ger gefliemde gef>aWalas e gef>aDeniscan.
836. Her Ecgbryht cyning forf>ferde and hine haefde
ser Offa Miercna cyning and Beorhtric Wesseaxna
cyning afliemed iii gear of Sngel cynnes lande on
Fronc lond ser he cyning wsere and ]?y fultumode
Beorhtric Offan J>y he hsefde his dohtor him to cuene
se Ecgbryht ricsode xxxvii wint' and vii monaj?.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 65
|?us mycel haefde. oj?ser wses Ceawlin WestSeaxna cining,
J?ridde ^E)?elbriht Cantwara cining. feorfte Redwald East
Engla cining. fifta -ZEdwine Norj?an hymbra cining. sixta
wses Oswald J>e sefter him rixade. seofafte wses Oswiu Os-
waldes bro]?or. eahtofta wses Ecgbriht WestSeaxna cining.
And se Ecgbriht Isedde fyrde to Dore wr$ NorJ?anhumbra.
and hi him f>ser eadmedo budon. and J?wsernessa. and hi mid
}?an to hwurfon.
828. Her Wiglaf eft onfeng Myrcena rice, and ^Eftelbald
b' forSferde. and J?y ilcan geare Ecgbriht cining Isedde fyrde
on NorS Wealas. and he heom ealle to eadmodere hyrsum-
nesse gedyde.
829. Her Wulfred asrceb' forSferde.
830. Her CeolnoJ? waes to b' gecoren and gehadod. and
Feolagild abbot forSferde.
831. Her Ceolnoft serceb' onfeng pallium.
832. Her hse^ene men ofer hergodon Sceap ege.
833. Her Ecgbriht cining ge feaht wi^ xxv sciphlsesta set
Carrum. and )?ser wserh$ mycel wsel ge slagen. and ]?a Denis-
can ahton waelstowe ge weald, and HereferS and Wigfer^ ii b*
forftferdon. and Duda and Osmod ii ealdormeu for^ferdon.
835. Her com inicel sciphere on Wasst Wealas. and hi to
anum gecyrdon. and wr3 Ecgbriht Wa3stSeaxna cining win-
nende wseron. pa fyrdode him togeanes. and wr3 him feaht
set Hengestes dune, and J?aer segfter aflymde ge )?a Wealas
ge j?a Deniscan.
836. Her Ecgbriht cining forSferde. and hine ser hsefde
Offa Myrcena cining and Byrhtric Wsest Ssexna cining
aflymde iii gear of Angel cynnes lande on Franc land aer
he cining wsere. and se Ecgbriht rixade xxxvii winter, and
e These Walas or WestWalas are of Strathclyde, Strsecled "Walas (875,
the men of Cornwall. So 710, 823. 924). The Old High German calls the
They are called CornWalas, 891, 99 7E. Latin Language, or any of its dialects,
The Gothic folks gave the name "Walas Walahisca ; and the designation still
to strange races on all sides, to the Celts lives in Germ. Wiilsch. In Mid High
in Gaul and Britain, and to those who German it was used as equivalent to
spoke the Roman dialects in the South. not -German, as, in alien Welschen
The Saxons called the natives of Gaul, und in Tiutschen riehen (Ziemanh
Gal Walas : of Britain, Bret Walas ; M. H. D. Wort.) = in all the world.
of CerniujCorn Walas or West Walas ; Hence wal-nut,GeTm. wallnuss = foreign
those north of the Bristol Channel, nut. A. S. wealh, wylen. Cf. Graff, v.
NorJ> Walas (92 2), now WALES; those Walah.
K
66 THE PARKER MS. (55)
FENG EpElwulf Ecgbrehting toWesseaxna
rice. !Snd he salde his suna /E)?elstane Cantwararice
and EastSeaxna and Sufrigea and SuJ>Seaxna.
837. Her Wulfheard aldorman gefeaht set Ham
tune wij> xxxiii sciphlsesta and J?ser mieel Wcel geslog.
and sige nom. and }>y geare forjrferde Wulfheard "Knd
]>y ylcan geare gefeaht /EJ?elhelm dux wij? Deniscne
here on Port mid Dornssetum and gode hwile ]?one
here gefliemde. and J?a Deniscan ahton Wcel stowe ge-
wald and }?one aldormon ofslogon.
838. Her Herebryht aldormon wses ofslsegen from
hcej>num monnum and monige mid him on Mersc
warum and j?y ilcan geare eft on Lindesse and on
EastEnglum and on Cantwarurn wurdon monige men
ofslsegene from J?am herige.
839. Her wses micel Weelsliht on Lundenne and on
Cwantawic and on Hrofes ceastre.
840. Her zE]?elwulf cyning gefeaht set Carrum wij>
xxxv sciphlaesta. and J>a Deniscan ahton wselstowe
gewald.
845. Her Eanulf aldorman gefeaht mid Sumur
ssetum and Ealch stan bisc and Osric aldorman mid
Dornsaetum gefuhton set Pedridan mu]?an wi)? De-
niscne here and J7ser micel w<el geslogon and sige
namon.
851. Her Ceorl alder mon gefeaht wij? hsej>ene men
mid Defena scire set Wicgan beorge and J?ser micel
geslogon and sige namon.
pY ILC3:N geare yEJ^elstan cyning and
Ealchere dux micelne here ofslogon set Sondwic on
Cent and ix scipu gefengun and ]?a opre gefliemdon
and hcejme men serest ofer winter sseton.
'Knd ]>y ilcan geare cuom feor'Sehealf hund scipa
on Temese muj?an. and brcecon Contwaraburg and
Lunden burg and gefliemdon Beorhtwulf Miercna
THE LAUD MS. (E) 67
vii monftas. And feng ^Efelwulf his sunu to WestSeaxna rice,
and ^Eftelstan his ofter sunu feng to Cantwara rice, and to
Suftrigan. and to Suftseaxna rice.
837. Her Wulfheard ealdorman ge feaht aet Hamtune wr<$
xxxiii sciphlesta. and J?8er my eel wsel gesloh. and sige nam.
and J?y geare forSferde Wulfheard. and Jtyelhelm ealdorman
ge feaht wr3 ]?a Deniscan on Port mid Dorssetum. and se
ealdorman wserS ofslsegen. and J?a Deniscan ahton wselstowe
ge weald.
839. Her wses mycel wsel sleht on Lundene. and on Cant
wic and on Rofes caestre.
840. Her ^E^elwulf cining ge feaht aet Carrum wr$ xxxv
sciphlesta. and ]?a Deniscan ahton wselstowe ge weald.
845. Her Earnulf dux mid Sumorsseton. and Ealchstan
b'. and Osric dux mid Dorsaeton ge fuhton aet Pedredau mu-
J?an wiiS Denisce here, and J?aer mycel wsel ge slogon and sige
namon.
851. Her Ceorl ealdorman ge feaht wr3 heftene men mid
Defene scire set Wic gean beorge. and J7aer mycel wsel ge
slogon. and sige genamon. and hse^ene men on Tenet ofer
winter geseeton.
And )?y ilcan geare com feorj?e healfhund scipa on
Temese muj>an. and brsecon Cantware burh. and geflymdon
Brihtwulf Myrcena cining mid his fyrde. and foran ]?a suiS
ofer Temese on Suftrige. and him ge feaht wi3 ^E^elwulf
cining. and JEiSelbald his sunu set Aclea mid WsestSsexna
fyrde. and J?8er ty maeste wael ge slogon on ha3$ene here |?e we
aefre gesecgan herdon. and J>ser sige namon.
And ]>y ilcan geare ^Eftelstan cining. and Ealhere dux ge
fuhton on scipum. and mycelne here of slogon set Sandwic.
and ix scipu gefengon. and J?a o^re geflymdon.
852. Her on jris tima leot Ceolred abb' of Medesham
stede and J?a munecas Wulfrede to hande ]?et land of
Sempigaham to j? forewearde ^ sefter his daei scolde ty
land into ]?e minstre. and Wulfred scolde gifen f land of
Sliowaforda into Medeshamstede. and he scolde gife ilca
gear into j?e minstre sixtiga foftra wuda. and twaelf foftur
graefan. and sex foftur gearda. and twa tunnan fulle hlutres
alo^. and twa slseg naet. and sex hund hlafes. and ten mittan
Waelsces aloft, and ilca gear an hors and )?rittiga scillinga.
K 2
68 THE PARKER MS. .(X)
cyning mid his fierde. and foron J>a suj? ofer Temese
on SuJ>rige and him gefeaht wij? ^Efelwulf cyning
and yE]?elbald his sunu set Tfclea mid WestSeaxna
fierde and J^ser J?aet mseste w<el geslogon on hcejmum
herige J>e we secgan hierdon op ]?isne andweardan
dseg and J?aer sige namon.
853. Her bced Burgred Miercna cyning and his
wiotan 7Ej>elwulf cyning f>aet he him gefultumade j?set
him Norj?Walas gehiersumade He }?a swa dyde and
mid fierde for ofer Mierce on Nor]?Walas and hie
him alle gehiersume dydon.
Snd J>y ilcan geare sende yE]?elwulf cyning Alfred
his sunu to Rome pa was domne Leo pap on Rome
and he hine to cyninge ge halgode and hiene him to
biscepsuna nam.
pa ]?y ilcan geare Ealhere mid Cantwarum and
Huda mid Suj?rigium gefuhton on Tenet wty h<ej>
num herige and serest sige namon and J?ser wear]?
monig mon ofslsegen and adruncen on ge hw<ej?ere
hond.
Ond J?8es ofer Eastron geaf /EJ?elwulf cyning his
dohtor Burgrede cyninge of Wesseaxum on Merce.
855. Her hcef>ne men serest on Sceapige oferwiiit
saetun. Snd ]?y ilcan geare gebocude zE)?elwulf cyning
teo}?an dtel his londes ofer al his rice Gode to lofe and
him selfum to ecere hcelo.
!Snd J?y ilcan geare ferde to Rome mid micelre
weor]?nesse and J?aer wses xii monaj? wuniende and
J>a him ham weard for and him J?a Carl Francna
cyning his dohtor geaf him to cuene and sefter )?am
to his leodum cuom and hie J?ees gefsegene waerun.
Snd ymb ii gear Jjses'Se he on Francum com he gefor.
and his lie li]? setWintan ceastre and he ricsode nigon
teoj>e healf gear. Ond se yE]?elwulf wses Ecgbrehting
Ecgbryht Ealhmunding Ealhmund Eafing Eafa Eop-
THE LAUD MS. (E) 69
and ane naeht gefeormige. Her wees wr<5 se cining Burhred.
and Ceolred serceb'. and Tanberht b'. and Cenred b'. and
Alhhun V. and Berhtred b'. and Wihtred abb', and Werht-
herd abb'. .^EiSelheard ealdorman. Hunberht ealdorman. and
feola o^re 4 .
852. Her Burhred Myrcene cining under fteodde him
NorS Wealas mid Jtyelwulfes cininge fultume.
And ]?y ilcan geare Ealhhere mid Cantvvarum. and Huda
mid Su^rigum gefuhton on Tenet wift hse^ene here, and j?Eer
wseron feala of slsegene and adruncen on segiSre hand, and ba
ealdormen bege daede.
And Burhred Myrcene cining feng to ^Eftelwulfes dohtor
West Seaxna cininges.
855. Her hse^ene men serest on Sceapege ofer winter
saeton. And J?y ilcan geare gebocade jEftelwulf cining
teoftan dsel his landes ofer eal his rice Gode to lofe. and
him selfum ecre hsele.
And j?y ilcan geare ferde to Borne mid mycclum wurS-
scipe. and J?ser wunade xii monaiS. and he feng to Karles
dohter Francna cining ]?a he hamweard wses. and gesund
ham com. and J?ses ymbe ii gear forSferde. and his lie lift on
Wintanceastre. and he rixade ix gear. He wees Ecgbrihting.
4 Peterborough Record, No. 6. The set Sempingaham and aet Slioforda, and.
original is extant, and more, it is in bruce 'Sere cirican lafard on Medesham-
the mother tongue. stede Ses landes set Slioforda, and Wul-
The philologer, as well as the his- fred '5es on Sempingaham : and he
torian, will be gratified to have at hand geselle eghwelce gere to Medesham-
the document upon which the text was stede tua tunnan fulle luhtres alo^,
based. Cod. Dipl. No. 267. and tua slegneat, and sex hund lafes
^ and ten mittan waelsces alo^, and iSere
>J< In nomine patris et filii et spiri- drican lgforde geselle gghwelce ^
tus sancti ! Ceolred abbud and iSa higan hors and ^rittig scillinga, and hine ane
on Medeshamstede sellaiS Wulfrede tSet niht gefeormige fiftene mitta luhtres
land set Sempingaham in "Sas gered- alo^, fif mitta welsces alo^S, fiftene
nisse ; "Set he hit hsebbe and bruce sua sestras liftes : and hi sion symle in
lange sua he life and anum serfeuuarde allum here life eadmode and hearsume
sefter him ; and elce gere sextig fo'Sra and underj^eodde, and ofer here tuega
wuda to ftaim ham on Hornan iSeem dseg 'Sonne agefe hio ftet land into
wuda, and tuelf fo'Ser grsefan and sex 'Sere cirican to Medeshamstede mid
fo'Sur gerda. End for'Son we him "Sis freodome ; and we him 'Sis sellaiS mid
land sella^, "Set he "Ses landes fulne felda and mid wuda and mid fenne sua
friodom bigete in aice aerfeweardnisse fter to belimpe'S. &c.
70 THE PARKER MS.
ping Eoppa Ingilding Ingild wses Ines brojmr West
Seaxna cyninges J>ses J?e eft ferde to See Petre and
J>er eft his feorh ge sealde and hie waeron Cenredes
suna Cenred wees Ceolwalding Ceolwald Cuj?aing
Cupa Cu)?wining. Cujnvine Ceaulining Ceawling
Cynricing Cynric Cerdicing Cerdic Elesing Elesa
Esling Esla Giwising Giwis Wiging Wig Freawining
Freawine Frifogaring FriJ>ogar Bronding Brond Bcel-
dseging Bceldseg Wodening Woden Fri)?owalding Fri-
J?uwald Freawining Frea laf FriJ?uwulfing Frijwwulfi
Finning Fin Godwulfing God wulf Geating Geat
Tcetwaing Teetwa Beawing Beaw Sceldwaing Sceld-
wea f Herernoding Heremod Itermoning Itermon Hra-
]?raing se wses geboren in J?sere earce Noe Lamach
Matusalern Enoh laered Maleel Camon Enos Sed
!Xdam. primus homo et pater noster. est Xps Smen.
Ond f>a fengon yEf>elwulfes suna twegen to rice
yEj>elbald to Wesseaxna rice and yE)?elbryht to Cant
wararice and to East Seaxna rice, and to Su)?rigea and
to SuJ> Seaxna rice and f>a ricsode yE]?elbald v gear.
860. Her yEj>elbald cyng forfferde and his lie lij?
aet Scira bur nan and feng /Ej>elbryht to allum }?am
rice his broj?ur and he hit heold on godre gejmser-
nesse and on micelre sibsumnesse.
Snd on his daege cuom micel sciphere up and
abrcecon Wintanceastre. and wij? ]?one here gefuhton
Osric aldor man mid Ham tun scire and yE)?elwulf
aldormon mid Bearruc scire and J>one here ge fliem-
don and Wcel stowe gewald ahton and se yEJ?elbryht
ricsode v gear and his lie li}? set Scire burnan.
865. Her saet h<e)?en here on Tenet and genamon
frij? wi)? Cantwarum and Cant ware him feoh geheton
wi]? }?am fri)?e and under ]?am fri)?e and f>am feoh
ge hate se here hiene on niht up best<el. and ofer-
hergeade alle Cent eastewearde.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 71
And J?a fengon his ii sunu to rice. ^EiSelbald to WestSeaxna
rice, and to Suftrigean. And he rixade v gear.
860. Her ^ESelbald cining forbTerde. and his lie IrS set
Scireburnan. and feng ^Eftelbriht to eallum J>am rice his
broftor.
And on his daage com mycel sciphere up. and abrae-
con Wintanceastre. and wr3 ]?one here fuhton Osric ealdor
man mid Hamtune scire. and ^E^elwulf ealdorman mid Bar-
rucscire and )?one here geflymdon. and wselstowe ge weald
ah ton. and se JE^elbriht rixade v gear, and his lie lift set
Scirburnan.
865. Her sset se hse^ene here on Tenet and genam
wi$ Cant war um. and Cant ware heom feoh be heton wr$
frrSe. and on J?am feoh be hate se here hine on niht up be
stael. and oferhergode ealle Cent eastewarde.
B. 855. . (S) . . Itermon Hamming. Ha^ra Hwalaing. Hwala Bed-
wiging. Bedwig Sceafing. id est filius Noe se wees geboren on bsere
earce Noes. Lamech. Matusalem. Enoc. lared. Malalehel. Camon.
Enos. Seth. Adam primus homo & pater nr. Id est Xps.
F. 861. Her forSferde S. SwrSun b'. and ^E^elbald cing. and he
IrS on Scirburnan. and ^^elb'ht feng to eallan 'San rice his broker,
and on his dsege com mycel sciphere and abrsecan Wintanceast' and
wrS ^one here fuhtan Hamtunscir and Bearrucscir and ^one here
geflymdon. and ^es J^^elbyrht rixode v gear and his lie IrS at
Scirburnan.
f This pedigree outruns all others higher than 7C ; all up to Sceaf, the
in the Chronicle. It is rare to mount mysterious ancestor of fabled kings,
higher than "Woden, the divine father This remote progenitor appears in the
of kings. In 547 we are carried up to Beowulf, but only as the patronym of
Geat, which is quite transcendental. Scyld, the oldest personage of whom
But here, the lineage strains after the any doings are there related. The Lon-
loftiest attainable elevation, quitting gobards preserved the name of Sceaf
the mythological for the Scriptural at the head of their traditions, as may
genealogy, and from the summit of be gathered from the Traveller's Song,
the latter soaring away into the region line 64. For further information cf.
beyond. Kemble's Preface to his Beowulf,
In the mythological stage, B. C. D. go vol. ii.
72 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
866. Her feng /E]?ered /Ej?elbryhtes bro)?ur to Wes-
seaxna rice !Xnd f>y ilcan geare cuom micel here on
Sngel cynnes lond and wint'setl namon on East
Englum and J?8er gehorsude wurdon and hie him
frij? namon.
867. Her for se here of EastEnglum oferHumbre
muj?an to Eofor wic ceastre on Nor]?hymbre Rnd
J>aer wses rnicel un Jmaernes f>sere J?eode betweox him
selfum and hie hsefdun hiera cyning aworpenne Os-
bryht and ungecyndne cyning underfengon /Elian,
and hie late on geare to f>am gecirdon J?set hie wij?
)?one here winnende wserun and hie f>eah micle fierd
gegadrodon and ]?one here sohton set Eoforwic ceastre
and on J?a ceastre brcecon and hie sume inne wurdon
and )?8er was ungemetlic w<el geslsegen Norman hym-
bra sume binnan sume butan. and J>a cyningas begen
ofslsegene and sio laf wij? J?one here fri]?nam.
Snd ]?y ilcan geare gefor Ealchstan bisc and he
haefde J?aet bisc rice L wint' set Scire burnan. and his
lie lij? J>eer on tune.
868. Her for se ilca here intian Mierce to Sno-
tengaham and J>aer wint'setl namon TCnd Burgr^ed
Miercna cyning and his wiotan b<edon /E)?ered West
Seaxna cyning and yElfred his bro}?ur J^eet hie him
gefultumadon f>set hie wij? J?one here gefuhton 'Knd
}?a ferdon hie mid Wesseaxna fierde innan Mierce oj?
Snotenga ham. and J?one here J?aer metton on J?am
geweorce. and ]?8er nan hefelic gefeoht ne wear]?
and Mierce fri]? riarnon wif> Jxme here.
869. Her for se here eft to Eoforvvicceastre and
J?ser sset i gear.
870. Her rad se here ofer Mierce innan EastEngle
and wintsetl namon. aet peodforda. 'Knd ]>y wint'
Eadmund cyning him wij? feaht. and J?a Deniscan
THE LAUD MS. (E) 73
866. Her feng J^elred ^EiSelbrihtes broflor to West
Seaxna rice. And }>y ilcan geare com mycel hseften here
on Angelcynnes land, and winter setle namon set East
Englum. and ]?ser ge horsade wurdon. and hi heom wr$ friiS
ge naraon.
867. Her for se here of East Englum ofer HumbremirSan.
to Eoferwic ceastre on NorSan hymbre. and ]?ser wses mycel
unftwsernesse iSere ]?eode betwux heom sylfum. and hi hsef-
don heora cining aworpene Osbriht. and ungecynde cining
under fengon Julian, and hi late on geare to ]?am ge cyrdon.
^ hi wr$ J?one here winnende wseron. and hi iSeah myccle
fyrd 4 gegadorodan. and |?one here sohton set Eofewic ceastre.
and j?a ceastre brsecon. and hi sume inne wurdon. and j?ser
wses ungemet wsel geslsegen NoriSanhymbra sume binnan
sume butan. and j?a ciningas bsegen of slsegene. and seo lafe
wr3 )?one here fry$ nam.
And )?y ilcan geare gefor Ealhstan V. and he hsefde ^ biscop
rice set Scireburnan L winter, and his lie Ir3 J^ser on tune.
868. Her for se ilca here innari Myrce to Snotingham.
and J?ser winter setle namon. and Burhcred Myrcena cining
and his witan bsedon ^EiSelred West Seaxna cining and
j^Elfred his broker J>et hi him fultumedon. J?set hi wi^ ]?one
here gefuhton. and )?a fserdon hi mid WsestSsexa fyrde in
on Myrcene o]> Snotingaham. and J>one here metton J>ser on
J>am ge weorce. and hine inne be setton. and ]?ser nan hefilic
gefeaht ne wearS. and Myrce fri^ namon wv$ )?one here.
869. Her for sehere eft to Eoferwic ceastre. and J?ser
sset an gear.
870. Her for se here ofer Myrce innon East Jungle, and
winter setle namon set Beodforda. and on J?am geare see
^Edmund cining him wift gefeaht. and J?a Deniscan sige
4 The national force is called fierd, merically defined. If more than 35
fyrd ; and the invading armament is persons band together, it is here : from
here. The latter word probably meant 7 up to that number it is only hlo^ :
at first a body of men, a band; and this 7 or less are merely thieves,
unprejudiced sense still lives in the The fierd was the national militia,
Germ. Heer. But in A. S. it con- embodied in each shire under the eald-
tracted the bad notion of a troop; viz. orman: so called from their marching
that of waste, pillage, buccaneering. off on Service (faran) ; in Latin named
Hence the words, hergian, hergung, expeditio. No property in the coun-
to harry, c. In the Laws of King try was exempt from the obligation to
Ine it has a criminal sense, and is nu- send its contingent to the fyrd.
L
74 THE PARKER MS. (S)
sige namon and ]?one cyning ofslogon. and }?aet lond
all ge eodon.
Snd J>y geare gefor Ceolno]? serce bisc. a?id JE\>ered
Wiltimscire biscop wear}) gecoren to arcebiscpe to Cantuareberi.
871. Her cuom se here to Readingum on West
Seaxe and J?ses ymb iii niht ridon ii eorlas up. pa
gemette hie yE]?elwulf aldorman on Englafelda and
him J?ser wij? gefeaht and sige narn. ptes yrnb iiii
niht yE]?ered cyning and yElfred his brojmr ];aer
micle fierd to Readingum gelceddon and wij? ]?one
here gefuhton and J?aer waes mi eel Weel geslaegen on
gehwcef>re hond and yE]?elwulf aldormon wear]? of-
slaegen and fa Deniscan ahton Wcel stowe gevvald
!Snd J?aes ymb iiii niht gefeaht /EJ?ered cyning and
yElfred his brof>ur wi}? alne J?one here on ^Escesdune
and hie waerun on twsern gefylcum. on oj?rum vvses
Bachsecg and Halfdene )?a hcej?nan cyningas and on
oj?rum weeron fa eorlas. and J?a gefeaht se cyning
yEj^ered wij? )?ara cyninga getruman and ]?aer wear]?
se cyning Bagsecg ofslsegen. and /Elfred his bro]?ur
wi]? ]?ara eorla getruman and J>ser wear]? Sidroc eorl
ofslsegen se alda and Sidroc eorl se gioncga and
Osbearn eorl and Frsena eorl and Hareld eorl and ]?a
hergas begen gefliemde and fela ]?usenda ofslaegenra
and onfeohtende wseron o)? niht. Snd J?ses ymb xiiii
niht gefeaht yE]?ered cyning and yElfred his broSur
wi]? ]?one here set Basengum and J?ser ]?a Deniscan
sige namon 7nd J?ses ymb ii mona}? gefeaht yE]?ered
cyning and yElfred his bro]?ur wij? ]?orie here eet Mere
tune and hie wserun on tusem gefylcum and hie butu
gefliemdon and longe on daeg sige ahton and J?ser
wear]? micel w<el sliht on gehwae]?ere hond and }?a
Deniscan ahton Wcei stowe gewald. and }?ser wear]?
Heahmund bisc ofsloegen and fela godra rnonna and
sefter ]?issum gefeohte cuorn micel sumor lida. TCnd
THE LAUD MS. (E) 75
naman. and )?one cining ofslogon. and "p land call geeodon.
and fordiden ealle J?a mynstre ]?a hi to comen. on ]?a ilcan
tima j?a comon hi to Medeshamstede. beorndou and braecon.
slogon abbot and munecas. and eall ty hi j?ser fundon. mace-
don hit j?a -p ser waes ful rice. )?a hit wearS to nan fing. and
)>y geare gefor Ceolno]? arcebiscop.
871. Her rad se here to Readingum on Westseaxe. and
)?es ymb iii niht ridon twegen eorlas up. ]?a ge raette J^ftel
wulf ealdorman hie on Englafelda. and heom ]?ser wiftge
feaht and sige nam. and wearS )?ser se o]?er of slsegen. ]?ses
nama waes Sidrac. Da ymb iiii niht ^E^elred cining. and
^Elfred his broftor )?ser mycle fyrd to Rsedingum gelseddon.
and wi'S |?one here gefuhton. and ]?ser wses mycel wsel ge
slaegen on ge hwaftere hand, and J^^elwulf ealdorman wearS
of slsegen. arid J?a Deniscan ahton wsel stowe ge weald. And
ymb iiii niht ge feaht J^Sered cining and J^lfred his broftor
wi^ ealne $one here on ^Esces dune, and hi wseron on twam
gefylcum. on o^rum wes Basecg and Halfdene 'Sa haa^Sene
ciningas. and on o"3rum waeron ]?a eorlas. and )?a feaht se
cining ^E^ered wi^ 'Sara cininga ge truman. and ]?83r wearS
se cining Bagsecg of slsegen. and JElfred his broker wi^ J>ara
eorla ge truman and J?ser wearS Sidrac eorl of slsegen se
ealda. and Sidrac se geonga and Osbearn eorl. and Frsena
eorl. and Harold eorl. and )?a hergas begeu geflymde. and
feala ]?usenda ofslagenra. and onfeohtende wseron o$ niht.
And ^ses ymb xiiii niht ge feaht JEftered cining. and JElfred
his bro^or wift ]?one here set Basingum. and |?ar J>a Deniscan
sige genamon. and J?a3s ymb twsegen rnonSas ge feaht ^EiSe-
red and ^Elfred his bro^or wi^ )?one here set Mseredune.
and hi wseron on twam gefylcum. and hi butu geflymdon.
and lange on dseg sige ahton. and )?ar wearS mycel wsel sliht
on hwseftre hand, and J?a Dseniscan ahton weal stowe ge weald,
and J>ser Hsehmund biscop of slagen and feala godra manna,
and aefter Jnsum gefeohte com mycel sumerlida to Readingura.
L 2
76 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
J>ses oferEastron gefor yE)?ered cyning and he ricsode
v gear and his lie lij? set Winburnan.
J?a feng yElfred yEf>elvvulfing his broj^ur to Wes-
seaxna rice and J>aes ymb anne monaj? gefeaht /Elfred
cyning wij? alne J?one here lytle weredeS aet Wiltune
and hine longe on dasg gefliemde and J>a Deniscan
ahton Wcelstowe gewald.
Tfnd J?8es geares wurdon viiii folcgefeoht gefohten
wi]? J?one here on Jy cynerice be suj>an Temese and
butan }?am }?e him yElfred ]?ses cyninges bro)?ur and
anlipig aldormon and cyninges ]?egnas oft rade onri-
don ]?e mon na ne rimde and J>aes geares wserun
ofslaegene viiii eorlas and an cyning. !Snd fy geare
namon West Seaxe iYip wij? Ipoue here.
872. Her for se here to Lund en by rig from Read-
ingum and J?ser wint'setl nam. and }?a namon Mierce
frij? wij? ]?one here.
873. Her for se here on NorJ?hymbre. and he nam
wint'setl on Lindesse set Tureces iege and J>a namon
Mierce frij? wij> ]?one here.
874. Her for se here from Lindesse to Hreope dune
and ]?aer wint'setl nam. and J?one cyning Burgr<ed
ofer See adrseidon ymb xxii wint' J?aes J?e he rice hsefde
and J?set lond all geeodqn and he for to Rome and
f>8er gesret h and his lie lij? on Sea Marian ciricean on
Sngel cynnes scole. Snd ]?y ilcan geare hie sealdon
anum unwisum cyninges J>egne Miercna rice to
haldanne, and he him aj?as swor and gislas salde.
J?aet he him gearo wjere swa hwelcei daege swa hie
hit habban wolden. and he gearo waere mid him
selfum. and on allum Ipam }>e him laestan woldon. to
}?aes heres J?earfe.
875. Her for sehere from Hreope dune, and Healf-
dene for mid sumum J>am here on Nor]? hymbre.
and nam wint' setl beTinan ]?sere ei. and sehere
THE LAUD MS. (E) 77
and J?aer aefter Eastron ge for JSftered cluing, and he rixade
v gear, and his lie lift aet Winburnan mynster.
Da feng Alfred ^ftelwulfing his broftor to WestSeaxna
rice and J?aes ymb i monaft ge feaht Alfred cining wift ealne
}?one here litle werede set Wiltune. and hine lange on dseg
geflymde. and |?a Deniscan ahton wselstowe ge weald.
And ]?es geares wurdon ix folcgefeoht gefohten wift )?one here
on J?am cine rice be suftan Temese. butan J?am )>e hi ^Elfred
J?es cinges broker, and ealdormen. and ciningas J?segnas oft
rada onriden )?e man nane rimde and j?ses geares wseron of
slagene ix eorlas. and an cyning. and J?y geare namou West
Seaxa frift wift J?one here.
872. Her for sehere to Lundenbyrig fram Redingum. and
J?aer nam winter setle. and J?a naman Myrce frift wift J?one
here.
873. Her nam sehere winter setle. aet Turcesige.
874. Her for sehere of Lindesse to Hreopedune. and j?ser
winter setle nam. and )?one cining Burgred ofer sse adrefdon
ymb xxii wintra j?ges )?e he rice hsefde. and J?et land call
geeodan. and he for to Rome and J?aar sset. and his lie lift
on sea Marian cyrican on Angel cynnes scole. And ]?y ilcan
geare hi sealdon Ceolwulfe anum un wisum cynges J>egne
Myrcena rice to healdenne. and he him aftas swor and
gislas sealde. J?et hit him georo wsere swa hwilce daege swa
hi hit habban woldon. and he geare wsere mid him sylfum.
and mid eallum J?am ]?e him ge Isestan wolden to ]?aes heres
]?aerfe 5 .
875. Her for sehere fram Hreopedune. and Healfdene
for mid sumum J?am here on Norftan hymbre. and nam
winter setle be Tinan ]?33re ea. and se here )?et land ge code.
* ^Ethelweard says: Erat autem exi- 6 Lappenberg remarks, that the
guus turn Anglorum exercitus propter object of the Danes was not power,
absentiam regis, qui eodem tempore but plunder. So they did not occupy
exequias fratris impleverat. the vacant thrones, but placed in them
h )>ar wunode ealto his lifes ende. F. nominal kings to serve as the instru-
1 Instead of swa hwelce, B has ments of their rapacity,
swylce, C swilce.
78 THE PARKER MS. (S)
J?aet lond geeode. and eft hergade on Peohtas. and on
StrcecledWalas. 3!nd for Godrum and Oscytel and
Snwynd. ]?a iii cyningas. of Hreopedune to Grante
brycge. mid micle here, and saeton J?aer an gear.
!Snd Ipy surnera for yElfred cyning ut on s<e mid
sciphere. and gefeaht wip vii sciphlaestas. and hiera
an gefeng. and ]?a opru gefiiemde.
876. Her hiene bestcel se here into Werham. Wes-
seaxna fierde. and wij? J?one here se cyning fri)? nam.
and him ]?a af>as svvoron on )?am halgan beage. j?e hie
ser nanre J?eode noldon. }?set hie hrtedlice of his rice
foren. and hie ]?a under ]?am hie nihtes bestdelon
]?aere fierde segehorsoda here into Escan ceaster.
Snd Ipy geare Healfdene Norman hymbra lond ge
dcelde. and ergende waeron and hiera tilgende.
877- Her cuom se here into Escan ceastre from
Werham. and se sciphere sigelede west ymbutan. and
]?a mette hie micel yst on See. and J?aer forwearj? cxx
scipa set Swanawic. and se cyning /Elfred sefter
)?am gehorsudan here mid fierde rad oj? Exan ceaster.
and hie hindan ofridan ne meahte ser hie on J?am
fiestene wseron. Tpser him mon to ne meahte. and hie
him J?ser fore gislas saldon. swa fela swa he habban
wolde. and micle aj?as sworon. and )?a godne frij?
heoldon. and J?a on haerfseste gefor se here on
Miercna lond. and hit gedceldon sum. and sum
Ceolwulfe saldon.
878. Her hiene bestcel se here on midne wiiit. ofer
tuelftan niht. to Cippanharnme. and geridon Wes-
seaxna lond and gesaeton. micel ]?es folces ofer See
adrsefdon. and ]?33S oj?res J/one msestan dcel hie gerid-
on. and him to gecirdon. buton ]?am cyninge yElfrede.
and he lytle werede. un ief>elice. aefter wudum for. and
on morfaestenum.
J?aas ilcan wintra waes Inwseres broj?ur and
THE LAUD MS. (E) 79
and oft gehergode on Pehtas. and on StrsetlsedWealas. and
for Godrum. and Oscytel. and Anwend. J?a ]?ry ciningas of
Hreopedune to Grantan brycge. myd mycclum here, and
sseton J?ser an gear.
And J?y sumera for Alfred cyning ut on sse mid scip here,
and gefeaht wift vii scip hlesta. and heora an gefeng. and J?a
oftre geflyinde.
876. Her hine be stsel se here into Wserham West Seaxna
fyrde. and srSftan wr$ J>oue here se cyning fri$ nam. and
him J>a gislas sealdon ]?e on J?am here weor]?uste wseron to
J?am cyninge. and him )?a a^as sworon on ]?am halgan beage
J?e hi ser nanre ]?eode don noldon ]?et hi hredlice of his rice
foron. and hi )?a under J?am hi nihtes be stselon J?sere fyrde
se gehorsade here into Exanceastre.
And ]?y geare Healfdene NorSan hymbra land gedselde. and
hergende weron. and heora tiligende wseron. Kollo cum suis
Normaniam penetravit. and regnavit annis liii.
877. Her com se here to Exanceastre fram Werham. and
se scip here seglode west ymbutan. and f>a gemette hi mycel
yst on sse. and J?ear forwearS cxx scipa set Swanawic. and
se cing Alfred sefter ]?am ge horsedum here mid fyrde rad
o^ Exanceastre. and hi hindan ofridan ne mihte ser hi on
j?am feastene wseron j?ser him man to ne mihte. and hi him
)?ar fore gislas sealdon swa feala swa he habbaii wolde. and
mycele a^as sworon. and ]?a godne frrS heoldan. and )?a on
herfeste gefor seo heora on Myrcena land, and hit gedaeldon
sum. and sum Ceolwulfe sealdon.
878. Her hine be steel sehere on midne winter ofer twelftan
niht to Cippanhamme. and ge ridan West Seaxna land and
ge setton. and mycel ]>aes folces ofer sse adrsefdon. and J?ses
oiSres j?one msestan dsel hi geridon butan ]?am cynge
^Elfrede litle werede uny^elice sefter wudum for. and on
morfesteuum.
And j?es ilcan wintra wses Iweres bro^or and Healf-
80 THE PARKER MS. (ff)
Healfdenes on WestSeaxum. on Defena scire. mid xxiii
scipum. and hiene mon J?ser ofslog. and dccc monna
rnid him. and xl monna his heres.
'Knd J>ses on Eastron worhte /Elfred cyning. lytle
werede. geweorc aet zEJ?elingaeigge k . and of J?am ge
vveorce was winnende wij? Jxme here, and Sumur
saetna. se d<el se J>aer niehst waes. pa on J?aere seofo-
San wiecan ofer Eastron he gerad to Ecgbryhtes stane.
mon
be eastan Seal wyda. and him to co J>aer ongen
Sumorsaete alle and Wilsaetan. and Hamtun scir se
dcel sehiere behinon See was. and his gefaegene waer-
un. and he for ymb ane niht of J?am wicum to
Iglea. and ]?a3s ymb ane to E]?an dune, and J?aer ge
feaht wij alne J>one here, and hiene gefliemde. and
him aefter rad oj> J?eet geweorc. and J?aer saet xiiii niht.
and J>a salde sehere him foregislas and micle aj>as.
J>aet hie of his rice uuoldon. and him eac geheton J?aet
hiera kyning fulwihte onfon wolde. and hie f>aet
gelseston swa. Snd J>aes ymb iii wiecan com se
cyning to him Godrum J>ritiga sum J?ara monna J>e
in J?am here weor]?uste waeron aet Sire, and )?aet is
wij? ^EJ?elinggaeige. and his se cyning J?aer onfeng aet
fulwihte. and his crismlising was set We]?mor. and he
was xii niht mid J>am cyninge. and he hine miclum
and his geferan mid feo weorftude.
879- Her for se here to Cirenceastre of Cippan
hamme. and saet J?aer an gear.
!Srjd J?y geare gegadrode onhlo]? wicenga and gesaet
aet Fullan hamme beTemese.
'Knd ]>y ilcan geare aj?iestrode sio sunne ane tid
daeges.
880. Her for sehere of Cirenceastre on EastEngle.
and gesaet J?aet lond. and gedcelde.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 81
denes on West Sexum on Defenan scire. and hine mon )?8er
sloh. and dccc manna mid him. and xl manna his heres. and
J?ar wses se guftfana genumen ]?e hi rsefen heton.
And J?ses on Eastron wrohte JElfred cyning lytle werede ge
weorc set ^E^elingaige. and of j?am geweorce wses winnende
wrS f>one here, and Sumerssetena se del ]?e J?ser nehst wses. J?a
on "Sere seofeftan wucan ofer Eastron he gerad to Ecgbrihtes
stane be easton Wealwudu. and him comon J?ser ongean
Sumor ssete ealle. and Will ssete. and Hamtun scyr se dsel J?e
hire beheonan sse wses. and his gefsegene wseron. and he
for ymb ane niht of ]?am wicum to ^Eglea. and J?ses ymb ane
niht to Eftan dune, and ]?ser ge feaht wr<$ ealne here and hine
ge flymde. and him sefter rad oi$ J?et ge weorc. and j?ser sset
xiiii niht. and J?a sealde se here him gislas. and mycele aSas.
]?et hi of his rice woldon. and him eac ge heton ]?et heora
cyng fulwihte onfon wolde. and hi )? gelseston. and J?ses
ymb iii wucan com se cyng Godrum. ]?rittigum sum. j?ara
manna ]?e in )?am here weor'Suste wseron set Alre. and J? is
wr3 J&Selinga ige. and his se cyng onfeng J?ser set fulwihte.
and his crism lysing wses set Wedmor. and he wes xii niht
mid J>am cynge. and he hine mycclum and his geferan mid
feo weorSode.
879. Her for se here to Cirenceastre of Cippanhamme. and
sa3t ]?ser an winter.
py geare ge gaderodon an hlo$ wicinga. and ge saet set
Fullanhamme be Temese.
And J?y ilcan geare a]?y strode seo sunne antid dseges.
880. Her for sehere of Cirenceastre on EastEngle. and
gesaet ^ land and gedselde.
k The " Isle of Princes" was jewel" was found in Newton Park,
formed and fortified by the stagnate somewhat north of this spot. It is
waters of the Tone and Parrot at their deposited in the Ashmolean Museum
junction. Hence the maxima gronnia in Oxford, and it has often been figured
paludosissima et intransmeabilia and described in books. The legend
of Asser. It is now drained and cul- upon it gives a point to the locality
tivated, and known as Athelney Farm, of the discovery, and invests the ob-
ia the Parish of Stoke St. Gregory, east ject itself with an interest beyond all
of the line of rail from Bridge water other extant monuments of Saxon Art.
to Taunton, and about seven miles It says: >J< SELFRED MEC HEHT
distant from each of those places. In WVRr
the year 1693 the celebrated " Alfred
M
82 THE PARKER MS. (S)
Tfnd ]>y ilcan geare for sehere ofersce }>e aer on
Fullan homme saet on Fronclond toGend. and saet
]?aer an gear.
881. Her for sehere ufor on Fronclond. and J?a
J>a
Francan him wi)? gefuhton. and }?aer t wearj? se here
gehorsod aefter J?am gefeohte.
882. Her for se here up on long Maese feor on
Fronclond. and J?aer saet an gear.
'Knd Ipy ilcan geare for yElfred cyning mid scipum
ut on See. and gefeaht vvij? feower sciphlsestas Deniscra
monna. and J>ara scipa tu genam. and J?a men ofslae-
gene waeron J?e $er on wseron. and tuegen scip heras
him onhond eodon. and f>a wseron miclum forslsegene
and forwundode ser hie onhond eodon.
883. Her for sehere up on Scald to CundoJ?. and
J?ser sset an gear.
884. Her for sehere up on Sunnan to Embenum.
and j?ser sset an gear.
885. Her to dcelde se fore sprecena here on tu. o)?er
dcel east. of>er d^el to Hrofes ceastre. and ymb saeton
Sa ceastre. and worhton oj?er faesten ymb hie selfe.
and hie ]?eah J?a ceastre aweredon oj?f>aet yElfred
uta/n
com t mid fierde. J>a code sehere to hiera scipum.
and forlet ]?aet geweorc. and hie vvurdon ]?ser behorsude.
and sona ]?y ilcan sumere ofer See gewiton.
!Snd J?y ilcan geare sende ^Elfred cyning sciphere
on EastEngle. sona swa hie comon on StufemuJ?an.
]?a metton hie xvi scipu wicenga. and wij? $a gefuhton.
and }?a scipo alle gercehton. and f>a men ofslogon.
J>a hie ]?a hamweard wendon mid J?aere here hy]?e. J>a
metton hie micelne sciphere wicenga. and )?a wij? }>&
gefuhton f>y ilcan daege. and J?a Deniscan ahton sige.
py ilcan geare aer middum wintra. for)?ferde Carl
Francna cyning. and hiene ofslog an efor. and ane
THE LAUD MS. (E) 83
And }?y ilcan geare for se here ofer sse J?e on Fullanhamme
sset on Frangland to Gent, and sset J?ser an gear.
881. Her for se here ufor on Frangland. and J?a Francan
him wr3 gefuhton. and J?aer }>a war$ se here horsad sefter
j?am gefeohte.
882. Her for se here up andlang Msese ofor on Frang land
and J?ser sset an gear.
And ]?y ilcau geare for ^Elfred cyng mid scipum ut on sse.
and ge feaht wiiS iiii scip hlsestas Deniscra manna, and J?ara
scipa twa genamon. and ]?a men ofslogon. and twa him on
hand eodon. and ]?a men wseron myclum of slagene and for
wundode ser hi on hand eodan.
883. Her for se here up on Scald to CundoiS. and J?aer sa3t
an gear, and Marinus papa sende J>a lignum dm JElfrede
cynge. and J?y ilcan geare Isedde Sighelm. and ^Eftelstan }>a
selmessan to Rome )?e Alfred cing ge het J>ider. and eac on
Indea to see Thome, and to see Bartholomee. ]?a hi saeton
wi$ J>one here set Lundene. and hi J>ser Godes Dances swy^e
bentig^e wseron sefter f>am gehatum.
884. Her for se here up on Sunnan to Embenum. and )?8er
sset an gear.
885. Her to dselde se forsprecena here on twa. ofter east.
oiSer dsel to Hrofeceastre. and ymb saeton j?a ceastre. and
wrohton o$er fsesten ymb hi sylfe. and hi J?eah )?a ceastre
aweredan o'S^et Alfred cyng com uton mid fyrde. )?a eode
se here to heora scipum. arid forleton ]?et ge weorc. and hi
wurdon ]?a3r behorsade. and sona ]?y ilcau sumera eft ofer
se gewiton.
Dy ilcan geare saende JElfred cyng scip here of Csent on
East Engle. sona swa hi comon on Sture muiSan J?a ge
msetton hi xvi scipa wicinga. and wiiS |?a gefuhton. and J>a
scipa ealle geraehton. and J>a men ofslogen. ]?a hi |?a ham
weard wseron mid J>sere here hu^e. ]?a ge metton hi mycelne
sciphere wicinga. and wi3 J?a gefuhton J?y ilcan dsege. and )?a
Deniscan ahton sige.
And ]?y ilcan geare ser middan wintra forSferde Carl
Francna cyng. and hine of sloh an eofor. and ane geare ser
F. 884. Her forSferde se welwillenda b' ^Selwold. Hie obiit
JE^elwoldus episcopus Wentoniensis, et electus est in loco ejus Alfee
qui alio nomine vocabatur Godwinus.
M 2
84 THE PARKER MS. ' (H)
geare aer. his broftur forjrferde. se hsefde eac J?set west
rice, and hie wseron begen HloJ?wiges suna. se haefde
eac J?set west rice, and forj?ferde J?y geare J?e sio sunne
aj?iestrode. se waes Karles sunu J?e /Ej?elwulf West
Seaxna cyning his dohtor ha3fde him to cuene.
Snd Ipy ilcan geare gegadrode mi eel sciphere on
SldSeaxum. and }?33r wear}? micel gefeoht. tua on
geare. and }?a Seaxan haefdim sige. and J?aer waeron
Frisan mid.
py ilcan geare feng Carl to J?am west rice, and to
allum J>am west rice behienan Wendel See. and be
geondan J>isse See. swa hit his J>ridda feeder hsefde.
butan Lidwiccium. se Carl was HloJ?wiges sunu. se
HloJ^wig was Carles broj?ur. se wses Iu]?yttan f<eder
f>e yE]?elwulf cyning hsefde. and hie wseron HloJ?wiges
suna. se Hlof>wig was j?aes aldan Carles sunu. se Carl
was Pipperies sunu.
3ind J?y ilcan geare fbr)?ferde segoda papa Marinus.
se gefreode Ongel cynnes scole be zElfredes bene
West Seaxna cyninges. and he sende hirn micla gifa.
and f>sere rode d<el J>e Crist on J?rowude.
Snd J?y ilcan geare se here on EastEnglum brcec
frif> wif> yElfred cyning.
886. Her for se here eft west f>e aer east gelende.
and J?a up on Sigene. and }?8er winf setl namon.
py ilcan geare gesette yElfred cyning Lundenburg.
and him all Sngel cyn to cirde J>set buton Deniscra
monna haeftniede was. and hie J?a befaeste ]?a burg
yEf>erede aldormen to haldonne.
887- Her for se here up Jmrh J?a brycge aet Paris,
and J?a up andlang Sigene oj? Maaterne. oj? Cariei. and
]?a saeton J>ara and innan lonan. tu winter on ]?am
twam stedum.
Snd J?y ilcan geare forj?ferde Karl Francna cyning.
and * Earnulf his broj?ursunu vi wicum ser he forj>ferde
THE LAUD MS. (E) 85
his broftor forSferde. se heafde eac -p west rice, se forSferde
]>y geare )?e seo sunne aftystrode. se wees Carles sunu J?e
A3elwulf WestSeaxna cyng his 7 dohtor hsefde to cwene.
By ilcan geare forSferde se goda papa Marinus. se gefreode Marin'
Angel cynnes scole be ^Elfredes bene West Seaxna cyninges.
and he sende him myccle gifa 8 . and ]?sere rode dael J?e Crist
on ftrowode.
And j?y ilcan geare for se here on Estenglum. and brec
frift wr$ ^Elfred cyning.
886. Her for se here eft west )?e ser east ge lende. and j?a
up on Sigene. and J?ser winter ssetu namon set Paris j?aere
byrig 9 .
Dy ilcan geare ge sette JElfred cyning Lunden burh. and
him call Angel cyn togecyrde. ^ butan Deniscra manna
hsefnede wes. and he )?a befeste )?a burh JEj?erede ealdormen
to healdenne.
887. Her for se -here up Jwrh fta brycge set Paris, and j?a
up andlang Sigene o$ Maeterne. and ]?a up on Mseterne oft
Caziei. and |?a sa3ton )?ar innan lonan twa winter on }>am
twam stedum.
And ]?y ilcan geare forSferde Carl Francena cyng. and
Earnulf his broftor sunu hine vi wucan eer he foriSferde be
7 "He was the son of that Charles present Interrogative and Relative Pro-
whose daughter ^Ethelwulf had for his noun WHO : up to about the year 1 200
queen." it had only the function of question-
When the Language had no distinct ing, but in the early part of the I3th
Relative Pronoun except the indeclin- century it acquired the position of a
able ]>e, oblique cases were made out declinable Relative. The two texts of
by a contrivance which is usual in Lajamon illustrate this fact very well,
Hebrew, viz. the addition of the Per- instances of Who-Relative occurring in
sonal Pronoun in the case required. the later text, but (?) not in the earlier.
Thus >e . . . his = whose 8 micele giua on halidome F.
J>e . . . hine = whom 9 This siege of Paris is minutely
J>e . . . hyra = quorum. described by Abbo of Fleury in two
A more succinct Relative Pronoun Books of Latin Hexameters. Cf. Feli-
was at length obtained, by the gradual bien, Histoire de la Ville de Paris, 1. iii.
employment of a word which had (Ingram.)
hitherto been known only as an Inter- * hine hsefde seems to be wanting
rogative. Such is the history of our here.
86 THE PARKER MS. (H)
bercedne set ]?am rice, and f>a wear}? J>aet rice to
dceled on v. and v kyningas to gehalgode 1 . J?aet waes
j?eah mid Earnulfes ge)?afunge. and hi cueedon. f>8et
hie ]>sst to his honda healdan sceoldon. forj?aeri) hira
nan naes on fcedren healfe to geboren. buton him
anum. Earnulf J?a wunode on J?sem londe be Eastan
Rin. and RoJ>ulf J>a feng to f>aem middel rice, and
Oda to J?8em west dcele. and Beorngar and Wi}?a to
Long beardna londe. and to f>sem londum on J?a healfe
muntes. and J?aet heoldun mid micelre unsibbe. and tu
folcgefeoht gefuhton. and J?aet lond oft and gelome for-
hergodon. and aeghwce]?er oj?erne oftreedlice ut drcefde.
Snd J?y ilcan geare J?e se here forfor]? up ofer J>a
brycge set Paris. /E]?elhelm aldor mon Icedde Wes-
seaxna ^elmessan and yElfredes cyninges to Rome.
888. Her Icedde Beocca aldorrnon Wesseaxna el-
messan and yElfredes cyninges to Rome, and yEf>elswiJ?
cuen. sio waes /Elfredes sweostor cyninges. forj?ferde
and hire lie lij? eet Pafian.
Snd J?y ilcan geare /Ej>eVed ercebisc and /E]?el-
wold aldor mon. forjrferdon on anum monf>e.
889. On jrissum geare nses nan fereld to Rome,
buton tuegen hleaperas yElfred cyning sende mid
gewritum.
890. Her Icedde Beorn helm abb' WestSeaxna cel-
rnessan to Rome and ^Elfredes cyninges.
Snd Godrum se norj?erna cyning forj?ferde. J?aes ful-
luht nama waes yE}?elstan. se waes yElfredes cyninges
god sunu. and he bude on EastEnglum. and J?a5t lond
aerest gesaet.
'Knd ]?y ilcan geare for se here of Sigene to Sant
Laudan. J>aet is butueoh Brettum and Francum. and
Brettas him wij? gefuhton. and haefdon sige. and hie
bedrifon ut on ane ea. and monige adre^ton.
Her wees Plegemwid gecoron of Gode m and of eallen his halechen.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 87
raedde set j>am rice, and |?a wearft )?et rice todseled on v.
and fif cyningas to ge halgode. )?et weas J>aeh mid Earnulfes
]?afunge. and hi cwsefton ^ hi him j?et tohanda healdan
scoldan. forftan J?et heora nan nses of fsedrenhalfe geboreii
butan him anum. Earnulf wunode on }>am lande be sestan
Ririe. and Hroftulf ]?a feng to }?am middelrice. and 0)?a J?a to
J?am weastdsele. and Beorngar and Wr$a to Langbeardna
lande. and to J?am landum on )?a healfe muntes. and J>et
heoldan mid my eel unsibbe. and twa folcgefeoht gefuhton.
and -p land oft and gelome forhergodon. and eeghwefter
ofterne oftrsedlice utadrsefde.
And J?y ilcan geare J?e se here forforiS up ofer J?a brycge -
set Paris. ^E^elhelm ealdorman Isedde WeastSeaxna selmessan JE,lemofina
and ^Ifredes cyninges to Rome. n
888. Her Isedde Beocca ealdorman WestSeaxna selmessaii
and ^Elfredes cyninges to Rome, and ^E^elfriS cwaen seo
waes ^Elfredes swustor cyninges. and heo forSferde 10 . and
hire lie lift set Pauian.
And J?y ilcan geare ^ftered arcebiscop 1 . and A)?ewold
ealdorman forftferdou on anum mon)?e.
889. On fissum geare nses nan fsereld to Rome buton
twegen hleaperes ^Elfred cyng sende mid gewritum.
890. Her leedde Beornhelm abb^ West Seaxna selmessan to
Rome, and ^Elfredes cynges.
And Godrum se norfterne cyning forftfcrde. ]?8es fulluht
nama wses ^Eftelstan se wses ^Elfredes godsune cyninges. and
he bude on EastEnglum. and ty land serest gesset.
And J>y ilcan geare for se here of Sigene to Scandlauclan.
]?et is betwix 2 Bryttum and Francum. and Brittas him wiftge
fuhton. and haefdon sige. and hi bedrifon ut on ane ea. and
manige adrencton.
Hie Plegemundus archiepiscopus a Deo et omni populo
electus est.
1 and fif cingas )>ar wseron to gehal- rice on Cantwareb'i F.
gode. and mid Arnulfes ge'Safunge. 10 be Rome wege F. cf. Wendover.
and hie beheton ^ hi on his handa 1 se aerceb' of Cantwaraberi F.
healdan sceoldon F. 2 betweoh A. betuh B. betwyx F.
m and of eallan folce to )>am arb'
88 THE PARKER MS. (ff)
891. Her for se here east, and Earnulf cyning ge-
feaht wi'S'Saem raede n here aer J>a scipu cuomon. mid
East Francum and Seaxum and Baegerurn. and hine
gefliemde.
3!nd f>rie Scottas cuomon to /Elfrede cyninge. on
anum bate butan <elcum gerej>rum. of Hibernia . jxmon
hi hi bestcfilon. for]?on ]?e hi woldon for Godes lufan
on el)?iodignesse beon. hi ne rohton hwser. se bat
waes geworht of j?riddan healfre hyde f>e hi onforon.
and hi namon mid him J>aethihaefdun toseofon nihtum
mete, and J?a comon hie ymb vii niht to londe on
Cornwalum. and foron J?a sona to yElfrede cyninge.
]?us hie waeron genemnde. Dubslane and MaccbethuP
and Maelinmun 1 !. !Snd Swifneh 1 " sebetsta lareow }?e
on Scottum wees gefor 8 .
!Snd }>y ilcan geare ofer Eastron. ymbe gang dagas
oj>]?e aer. aeteowde se steorra J?e mon on boclaeden
haet cometa. same men cwej?aj> on Englisc J?set hit
sie feaxede steorra. forjjsem f>aer stent lang leorna of.
hwilum on ane healfe. hvvilum on selce healfe.
893. Her on f>ysum geare for se micla here. f>e we
gefyrn ymbe sprsecon. eft of J?sem east rice westweard
to Bunnan. and f>aer wurdon gescipode. swa J?aet hie
asettan him on senne sij? ofer mid horsum mid ealle.
and f>a comon up on Limene rnuj>an mid ccl hunde
scipa. se mu}?a is on easte weardre Cent, set J?ses
mi clan wuda eastende J?e we Sndred hata'S. se wudu
is east lang and west lang hund twelf tiges mila lang
oJ>J?e lengra. and Jmtiges mila brad, seo ea J?e we aer
ymbe spraecon lr$ ut of J?aem weal da. on f>a ea hi
tugon up hiora scipu oj?)x>ne weald, iiii mila fram
J>aem muj?an utanweardum. and J?aer abraecon an ge
weorc. inne on J?aem faestenne saeton feawa cirlisce
men on and waes samworht.
pa sona aefter J?aem com Haesten mid Ixxx scipa
up on Temese mu$an. and worhte him ge weorc set
Middeltune. and se oj?er here set !Spuldre.
THE LAUD MS. (E)
892. Her for se myccla here J?e we gefyrn ser ymb spraecoii
eft of ]?am east rice weast ward to Bunan. and j?ser wurdon
ge scipode swa ty hi assetton hi on senne sr<$ ofer mid horsum
mid ealle. and ]?a comon up on Limine muSan mid J?ridde
healf hund scipa. se mufta is on east warde Cent set ]?es
mycclan wuda east enda J?e we Andrsed hataiS. se wudu is
west lang and east lang hund twelftig mila lang. o&Se lengre.
and xxx mila brad, se ea )?e we ser ymb spraecon. lift ut of
J?am wealda. on ]?e ea hi tugon up heora scipa oftftone weald
iiii mila fram ]?am mu)?an utanweardum. and j?ser abrsecon
an geweorc inne on 'Sam faenne 3 saeton feawa cyrlisce men
on. and wses sam worht.
pa sona setter j^am com Hsesten mid Ixxx scipa up inne
Tsemesemu]?e and worhte him geweorc set Middeltune. and
seo oiSer here set Apuldre.
Hie obiit Wulfhere Norman hymbrorum arceps.
3 fsestetme B. fsestene C. D. fenne
ft. A. F. faenne E.
Though four of the MSS. have
fenne (feenne) against three that ex-
hibit fsestenne (fsestene) : yet from
the context, and from the evidence
of the Latin historians, there can be
no doubt that the latter is the true
reading. The Editors of the Mon.
Hist. Brit, restored it to the text,
and it may be regarded as established,
^thelwerd says : in Limneo portu con-
stituunt puppes, Apoldre loco condicto,
orientali Cantiae parte; destruuntque
ibi prisco opere castrum, propter quod
rustica manus exigua quippe intrinse-
cus erat. Florence thus : quamdam
arcem semistructam, quam pauci inha-
bitabant villani, diruerunt; aliamque
sibi firmiorem in loco qui dicitur Apul-
treo, construxerunt.
n rade B. rad D. contra pedestrem
exercitum Flor. This was an import-
ant battle, and by it the kingdom of
Arnolph was rid of the devastators.
It was fought on the river Dyle, near
Louvain, Septr. i. 891 : a day long
afterwards kept up in memory of the
victory. Cf. Lappenberg, vol. i. p. 341.
In the next year they had to flee
before the famine which their own
ravages had caused, and they fell back
on those western provinces which were
under the sway of less doughty war-
riors than Arnolph. Guided by Hast-
ing, a viking of great renown, they
burst upon England like a storm, the
last which agitated the eventful life of
Alfred.
The concerted invasion, and the
promptness of the king to meet the
foe wherever his dominion was as-
sailed, are here told in a narrative
which has all the freshness and reality
of contemporary writing.
o Yrlande F.
P MaccbefiaS B. Machbeftu C. Mac-
beiSu D. F.
<i Maelinmuin B. Maelinmumin C.
Maelmumin D. F as S.
* Suifne B.
8 At this point ends the first hand-
writing in S ; and the narrative is con-
tinued in a new hand, and on a greatly
enlarged scale. At the same time, E
shrinks into the smallest compass : and
this untoward coincidence will throw
out the parallel for many pages.
N
90 THE PARKER MS. (R)
894. On J?ys geare. J>aet wses ymb twelf inona'S }>ses
]?e hie on j?sem east rice geweorc ge worht haefdon.
Norj?hymbre and EastEngle hsefdon ^Elfrede cyninge
af>as geseald. and EastEngle foregisla vi and f>eh
ofer }>a treowa, swa oft swa j?a oj?re hergas mid ealle
herige utforon. ]JOTI foron hie. o)?j?e mid o}?j>e on
heora healfe an. pa gegaderade Alfred cyning his
fierd. and for f>set he gewicode betwuh J?aem twam
hergum. j?ser J?aer he niehst rymet haefde. for wudu
faestenne ond for waeter fsestenne. swa J?aet he mehte
segf>erne gersecan gif hie senigne feld secan wolden.
pa foron hie sij?]?an sefter J?aem wealda hloj?um and
flocradurn. bi swa hwa]?erre efes swa hit ]>on fierdleas
waes. and him mon eac mid oj>rum floccum sohte
msestra daga aelce. 6\>]>e on niht. ge of j?aere fierde. ge
eac of J?aem burgum. haefde se cyning his fierd on
tu tonumen. swa }?aet hie wseron simle healfe cet
ham. healfe ute. butan }>aem monnum )?e J?a burga
healdan scolden. ne com se here oftor call ute of
J>sem setum ]?on tuwwa. o|?re sif>e J?a hie aerest to
londe comon. aer sio fierd gesamnod waere. oj>re sij?e
J?a hie of ]?aem setum faran woldon. pa hie gefengon
micle herehy'S. and J>a woldon ferian norf>weardes
ofer Temese in on EastSeaxe ongean J?a scipu. pa
for rad sio fierd hie foran. and him wi$ gefeaht aet
Fearnhamme. and J?one here gefliemde. and )?a here
hy)?a ahreddon. and hie flugon ofer Temese buton
aelcum ford a. )?a up be Colne on anne iggaft. pa
besaet sio fierd hie J?aer utan ]?a hwile }?e hie }?aer
lengest mete haefdon. ac hie haefdon J>a heora stemn
gesetenne. and hiora mete genotudne. and waes se
cyng J?a J>ider weardes on faere. mid J?aere scire J?e mid
him fierdedon. pa he J?a waes )?ider weardes. and sio
THE PARKER MS. () 91
oj?eru fierd wees ham weardes. and $a Dcniscan saeton
J?aer be hindan. forj?aem hiora cyning waes ge wundod
on J?aem gefeohte. J?set hihine ne mehton ferian.
pa gegaderedon pape in NorJ? hymbrurn bugeaft.
and on EastEnglum. sum hund scipa. and foron su8
ymb utan. and sum feowertig scipa norj? ymb utan.
and ymb saeton an ge weorc on Defna scire be j?aere
nor)? sae. and pape su8 ymb utan foron. ymb saeton
Exan cester. Da se cyng J?aet hierde. pa wende he
hine west wi"& Exanceastres mid ealre )?aere fierde.
buton swipe ge waldenum daele easte weardes J?aes
folces,
pa foron for"S oppe hie comon to Luridenby rg. and
pa mid J?aem burgwarum and J?aem fultume pe him
westan com. foron east to Bearnfieote. waes Haesten
J>a )?aer cumen mid his herge. pe aer aet Middel tune
saet. and eac se micla here waes j?a ]>aer to cumen.
f>e aer on Limene muj?an saet aet !Spuldre. haefde
Haesten ssr ge worht J?set geweorc aat Beam fleote. and
wses p-a utafaren on herga]?. and waes se micla here
.aet ham. J3a foron hie to and gefliemdon J?one here,
and J?aet geweorc abraecon. and ge nainon eal j?aet J?aer
binnan waes. ge on feo. ge on wifum. ge eac on
bearnum. and brohton call into Lundenbyrig. and
J?a scipu eall o$}?e to brsecon. oppe for bserndon. oppe
to Lundenbyrig brohton oppe to Hrofes ceastre. and
Haestenes wif. and his suna twegen mon brohte to
f>aem cyninge. and he hi him eft ageaf. forpaem pe
hiora wses oper liis godsunu. oj?er yE'Seredes ealdor
monnes. haefdon hi hiora on fangen aer Haesten to
Beam fleote come, and he him haefde ge seald gislas
and aftas. and se cyng him eac wel feoh sealde. and
eac swa pa he J?one cniht agef and peet wif. ac sona
swa hie to Bleam fleote comon. and f>aet geweorc ge
N 2
92 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
on
worct waes. swa hergode he t his rice ]?one ilcan cnde
j?e yE}?ered his cum pseder healdan sceolde. and eft
oj?re si)?e he wses on herga'S gelend on J?aet ilce rice.
)?a]?a mon his geweorc abraec.
pa se cyning hine ]?a west wende mid J>aere fierde
wr3 Exancestres. swa ic ser saede. and se here )?a burg
be seten haefde. ]?a he ]?aer togefaren waes. J>a eodon
hie to hiora scipum.
pa he J>a wi$ J>one here J>aerwaest abisgod waes. and
]?a hergas waeron J?a gegaderode begen to Sceobyrig
on EastSeaxum. and j?aer geweorc worhtun. foron
begen aetgaedere up be Temese. anfl him com micel
eaca to. aegjper ge of EastEnglum. ge of Nor}?hym-
brum. Foron ]?a up be Temese oJ>J?aet hie gedydon
aet Saeferne. ]?a up be Saeferne. pa gegaderode ^Ef>ered
ealdorrnon. and ^E)?elm ealdorman. and ^EJ?elnoJ? eald-
orrnan. and ]?a cinges J?egnas ]?e )?a set ham aet f>aem
geweorcum waeron. of aelcre byrig be eastan Pedredan.
ge be westan Seal wuda ge be eastan. ge eac be
nor]?an Temese. and be westan Saefern. ge eac sum
dael J>aes NorftWealcynnes. pahiej?a ealle gegaderode
waeron. )?a oiforon hie ]xme here hindan aet Butting
tune, on Saeferne sta)?e. and hine f>aer utan be saeton
on aelce healfe. on anum faestenne. pa hie 'Sa fela
wucena saeton on twa healfe J?aer e. and se cyng waes
west on Defnum wif> Jxme sciphere. J?a waeron hie
mid metelieste gewtegde. and haefdon miclne dael J?ara
horsa freten. and J>a oj?re waeron hungre acwolen. ]?a
eodon hie ut to 'Saem monnum J?e on east healfe }?aere
e wicodon. and him wij? gefuhton. and ]?a Cristnan
haefdon sige. and J?aer weai-'S Ordheh cyninges }?egn
as
of slaegen. and eac monige ojpre cyninges )?egn ofslaeg-
en. and se dael fe J?aer aweg com wurdon on fleame
ge nerede. pa hie on EastSeaxe comon to hiora ge
THE PAKKER MS. (ff) 93
vveorc. and to hiora scipum. f>a gegaderade sio laf eft
of EastEnglum. and of Nor'Shymbrum. micelne here
onforan winter, and befseston hira wif and hira scipu
and hira feoh on EastEnglum. and foron an streces
daeges and nihtes. J>aet hie gedydon on anre westre
ceastre on Wirhealum. seo is Legaceaster ge haten.
pa ne mehte seo fird hie na hindan of faran, aer hie
waeron inne on ]?an ge weorce. be saeton J?eah J?aet
geweorc utari sume twegen dagas. and genamon ceapes
eall J?8et J?aer buton waes. and J?a men ofslogon ]?e hie
foran forridan mehton butan ge weorce. and j?aet corn
eall forbaerndon and mid hira horsum fretton on
aelcere efeneh'Se. and )?aet waes ymb twelf mona'S
j?aes J>e hie aer hider ofer sae com on.
895. Ond }?a sona setter ]?8em. on 'Sys gere. for se
here of Wirheale in on Nor^Wealas. forf>aem hie "Saer
sittan ne mehton. J>a3t waes for'Sy J?e hie wseron be
numene segfter ge j?aes ceapes ge ]?8es comes. "Se hie
ge hergod hsefdon. pa hie Sa eft ut of Nor'SWealum
wendon mid jpeere herehy*Se fe hie $8er genumen hsef-
don. )?a foron hie ofer Nor^hymbra lond and East
Engla. swa swa sio fird hie geraecan ne mehte. ofypset
hie comon on EastSeaxna lond easteweard. on an
igland J?aet is ute on J>aere see. ]?aet is Meres ig haten.
"Knd J?a se here eft ham weard wende. J?e Exanceas-
ter beseten haafde. J?a hergodon hie upon Su'SSeaxum
neah Cisse ceastre. and )?a burg ware hie gefliemdon.
and hira monig hund ofslogon. and hira scipu sumu
genamon.
Da J?y ylcan gere on foran winter ]?a Deniscan ]?e
on Meres ige sseton. tugon hira scipu up onTemese.
and J>a up on Lygan. pset wses yrnb twa ger J?aes J?e
hie hider ofer see comon.
896. On J?y ylcan gere worhte se fore sprecena
here geweorc be Lygan xx mila bufan Lundenbyrig.
94 THE PARKER MS. (ff)
pa j?aes on sumera. foron micel dael ]?ara burgwara.
and eac swa opres folces. ]?aet hie gedydon set J?ara
Deniscana geweorce. and )?aer wurdon gefliemde. and
sume feower cyninges }?egnas ofslaegene. pa J?aes on
haerfaeste. J?a wicode se cyng on neaweste f>are byrig.
j?a hwile )?e hie hira corn gerypon. f>aet f>a Deniscan
him ne mehton J?aes ripes forwiernan. pa sume daege
rad se cyng up be J?aere eae. and gehawade hwaer mon
mehte }?a ea forwyrcan. J?aet hie ne mehton J?a scipu
ut brengan. and hie j?a swa dydon. worhton $a tu
geweorc. on twa healfe J?sere eas. Da hie fta J?aet ge
weorc fur)?um ongunnen haefdon. and ]?8er togewicod
hsefdon. J?a onget sehere J?set hie ne mehton J?a scypu
ut brengan. pa forleton hie hie. and eodon ofer land
j?set hie gedydon set Cwatbrycge be Saefern. and J?aer
gewerc worhton. Da rad seo fird west sefter Jjsem
herige. and J?a men of Lunden byrig ge fetodon J?a
scipu. and J>a ealle J?e hie alsedan ne mehton tobraecon.
and J?a J?e J>aer stselwyr$e waeron binnan Lunden byrig
gebrohton. and J?a Deniscan hsefdon hira wif befaest
innan EastEngle aer hie ut of f>aem geweorce foron.
pa saeton hie f>one wint' aet Cwatbrycge. pact waes
ymb f>reo ger J?aes J?e hie on Limene mu^an comon
hider ofer sae.
897. Da j?aes on sumera on "Sysum gere to for se
here, sum on EastEngle. sum on Nor^hymbre. Snd
}?a J>e feoh lease waeron him J?aer scipu begeton. and
su$ ofer see foron to Sigene.
Naefde se here. Godes ]x>nces. !Sngelcyn ealles for
swi'Se gebrocod. ac hie waeron micle swi]x>r gebrocecje
on J?sem J?rim gearum mid ceapes cvvilde and mowia.
ealles swi^ost mid J?aem J?aet manige J?ara selestena
cynges }?ena J?e J?aer on londe waeron. for$ferdon on
J?aem J?rym gearum. J>ara waes sum Swi'Sulf biscop on
Hrofes ceastre. and Ceolmund ealdor mon on Cent.
THE PARKER MS. (K) 95
and Beorhtulf ealdormon on EastSeaxum. and Wulf-
red ealdormon on Hamtunscire. and Ealhheard biscop
aet Dorce ceastre. and Eadulf cynges )?egn on Su$
Seaxum. and Beornulf wicgefera on Winte ceastre.
and Ecgulf cynges hors)?egn. and manige eac him
J?eh ic $a ge$ungnestan nemde.
py ilcan geare drehton J?a hergas on EastEnglum
and on Nor$ hymbrum WestSeaxna lond. swi8e be
]?aem suSstae'Se. mid stael hergum. ealra swi]?ust mid
$8em aescum }?e hie fela geara aer timbredon. pa het
Alfred cyng timbran lang scipu ongen $a aescas. J?a
waeron fulneah tu swa lange swa J?a o$ru. sume haef-
don Ix ara. sume in a. ]?a waeron aegfter ge swiftran
ge unwealtran. ge eac hieran J>onne ]?a o'Sru. naeron
naw'Ser ne on Fresisc gescaepene. ne on Denisc. bate
swa him selfum 'Suhte \>&t hie nytwyr^oste beon
meahten. pa aet sumum cirre J?aes ilcan geares.
cornon J?aer sex scipu to Wiht. arid J?aer my eel yfel
gedydon. aeg^er ge on Defenum ge wel hwser be 'SaBin
sae riman. pa het se cyng faran mid nigonum to
J>ara niwena scipa. and forforon him J>one nmftan
foran on uter mere. J?a foron hie mid J?rim scipum
ut ongen hie, and ]?rco stodon set ufeweardum ]?aem
mu'San on drygum. waaron ]?a men uppe onlonde of
agane. J?a gefengon hie J?ara Jreora scipa tu set fern
mu'San uteweardum. and J?a men ofslogon. and ]?set an
o'Swand. on )?sem waaron eac J?a men ofskegene buton
fifum. J?a comon for'Sy on weg *Se "Sara o)?erra scipu
asaeton. J?a wurdon eac swi$e un e"Selice aseten.
J>reo asaeton on "Sa healfe J?aas deopes Se Sa Deniscan
scipu aseten waBron. and f>a o8ru eall on o)?re healfe.
f>aat hira nemehte nan to oSrum. ac Sa }?aet waeter
waes ahebbad fela furlanga from )?aem scipum. J?a
eodan "Sa Deniscan from J?aem ]?rim scipum to f>aam
o^rum J?rim J?e on hira healfe beebbade waeron.
96 THE PARKER MS. (S)
Ue
and t J?a f>aer gefuhton. j?aer wear's ofslaegen Lucumon
cynges gerefa. and Wulf heard Friesa. and yEbbe Fri-
esa. and ^E8elhere Friesa. and ^E'Sel ferft cynges ge-
neat. and ealra monna. Fresiscra and Engliscra Ixii
and ]?ara Deniscena cxx. J?a com J?aem Deniscum
scipuin ]?eh aer flod to. aer j?a Cristnan mehton hira
utascufon. and hie for'Sy uto'Sreowon. J>a waeron
hie to J?aem gesargode. J?aet hie ne mehton Su'SSeaxna
lond utan be rowan, ac hira f>aer tu sae on lond wearp.
and ]?a men mon laedde to Winte ceastre to J>aem
cynge. and he hie "$aer ahon het. and }?a men comon
on EastEngle. J?e on ]?am anum scipe waeron. swi"Se
for wundode.
Dy ilcan sumera fbrwear'S nolaes J>on xx scipa mid
monnum mid ealle. be ]?am su'Sriman.
Dy ilcan gere forftferde Wulfric cynges hors'Segn.
se wees eac Wealhgefera.
898. Her on ]?ysum gere gefor ^E'Selm. Wiltunscire
ealdormon. nigon nihtum ser middum sumere. and her
for$ferde Heahstan. se wses on Lundenne biscop.
901. Her gefor yElfred gulfing, syx nihtum aer
ealra haligra maessan. Se woes cyning ofer call Ongel
cyn butan 'Sam dasle j?e under Dena on w aide wses.
and he heold f>83t rice oj>rum healfum lass J?e xxx
wintra. Snd ]?a feng Eadweard his sunu to rice.
Da gerad yE"Selwald his faedran sunu. J?one ham aet
Winburnan. and act Tweoxneam. butan $aes cyninges
leafe and his witena. pa rad se cyning mid firde. 08
he gewicode aet Baddan byrig wi'S Win burnan. and
/E'Selwald saet binnan J?aem ham mid J?aem monnum
J?e him togebugon. and haefde ealle )?a geatu forworht
in to him. and saede J?aet he wolde o'Ser o'SSe J?aer
libban o'S'Se ]?aer licgan. f>a under J>aem J>a be stael
he hine on niht on weg. and ge sohte J?one here on
Nor"S hymbrum. and se cyng het ridan aefter. and
THE LAUD MS. (E)
97
901. Her gefor JElfred cyning vii kl'Noveb'. and he heold
}?et rice xxviii wintra and healf gear, and j?a feng ^Edward
his sunu rice 4 .
F. 901. Her ge forftferde Alfred cing. vii id' Noub'. and he heold
j> rice xxviii wintra and healf gear, and ^a feng Eadward his sunu
to rice. Rex JElfred' ob' & fili' ei' Edward' suscep' regnu. vElfred'
regnau xxviii annis.
D, 901. Her gefor ^Elfred cyning vii k' Nouembris and heold bone
rice xxviii wintra and healf gear. And ba feng Eadweard his sunu
to rice.
And }>a [gerad] J^belwold seSeling his fsederan sunu bone ham set
Winburnan. and set Tweoxnam bses cynges unbances and his witena.
pa rad se cyning mid fyrde. o&Se he gewicode set Baddan byrig wi8
Winburnan. and Abelwold sset binnan }>am hame mid bam monnum
be him to gebugon. and he hsefde ealle ba gatu forworhte into him.
and saede -f he wolde oj>}>e 'Sser libban o&ie bser licgean. J>a under
j?am }>a rad se seeding onniht aweg and ge sohte bone here on
NorS hymbrum. and hi hine under fengon him to cyninge and him
4 Famosus bellicosus victoriosus, vi-
duaruia pupillorum orphanorum pau-
perutnque provisor studiosus, poetarum
Saxonicorum peritissimus, suae genti
carissimus, afFabilis omnibus, liberalis-
simusj prudentia fortitudine justitia
temperantia prseditus ; infirmitate qua
assidue laborabat patientissimus, in
exequendis judiciis indagator discretis-
simus, in servitio Dei vigilantissimus
et devotissimus, Angul Saxonum rex
^ELFREDUS, piissimi regis Athulfi
filius, xxix annis, sexque mensibus regni
sui peractis, indictione quarta, mortem
obiit, feria quarta, v kal' Novembris
28 Oct.], et Wintonise in Novo Mo-
nasterio sepultus, beatse immortalitatis
stolam, et resurrectionis gloriam cum
justis expectat. Huic filius successit
EADWARDUS, cognomento Senior, lit-
terarum cultu patre inferior, sed digni-
tate potentia pariter, et gloria supe-
rior; nam, ut in sequentibus clarebit,
multo latius quam pater fines regni sui
dilatavit, siquidem civitates et urbes
multas sedificavit, nonnullas vero de-
structas resedificavit ; totam EastSaxo-
niam, EastAngliam, Northhymbriam,
pluresque etiam Mercise provincias,
quas Dani multo possederant tempore,
manibus illorum extorsit; Merciam,
post obitum suse germanae ^gelfledse,
totam obtinuit et possedit; Scottorum,
Cumbrorum, Streatgledwalorum, om-
nesque Occidentalium Britonum reges
in deditionem accepit; reges et duces
ab eo, proelio victi, csesique quamplu-
rimi. Ex muliere nobilissima Ecgwyna
filium suum primogenitum ^ETHEL-
STANUM, ex regina autem sua Eadgiva
filios tres Eadwinum, Eadmundum,
Eadredum, filiamque, Deo devotissi-
mam virginem, Eadburgam, tresque
insuper habuit filias; quarum unam
Otto, Romanorum imperator octogesi-
mus nonus, alteram vero in conjugem
habuit rex Occidentalium Francorum
Karolus ; cujus amitam, Karoli scilicet
imperatoris filiam, uxorem duxit rex
Occidentalium Saxonum Athulfus ; ter-
tiam autem filiam in uxorem habuit rex
Northanhymbrorum Sihtricus. (Flor.)
O
98 THE PARKER MS. (ff)
]?a ne mehte hine mon of ridan. pa berad mon }?aet
wif J?aet he haefde aer genumen butan cynges leafe and
ofer ]?ara biscopa gebod. for$on 8e heo waes aer to
nunnan gehalgod.
!Snd on f>ys ilcan gere for^ferde ^E}?ered. waes
on Defenum ealdormon. feower wucum aer ^Elfred
cyning.
903. Her gefor!S>u1f ealdormon. EalhswiSe broSor.
and Uirgilius abbud of Scottum. and Grim bald msesse
preost. via idus luia,
904. Her com yE$elwald hider ofer sae mid f>aem
flotan J?e he mid waes on EastSexe.
905. Her aspon yE$elwald )?one here on East
Englum to unfri'Se. J?aet hie hergodon ofer Mercna
land o'S hie comon to Crecca gelade. and foron J>aer
ofer Temese. and namon aeg'Ser ge on Bradene ge
^aer ymb utan call J?set hie ge hentan mehton. and
wendan $a eft hamweard. pa for Ead weard cyning
sefter. swa he ra'Sost mehte his fird gegadrian. and
oferhergade eall hira land betwuh dicum and Wusan.
eall o8'Sa fennas nor$. pa he 8a eft J>onan utfaran
wolde. J?a het he beodan ofer ealle ]?a fird J>aet hie
foron ealle ut set somne. pa set saeton ^a Centiscan
J>aer be aaftan ofer his bebod. and seofon aerend racan
he him hsefde to asend. pa befor se here hie "Saer.
and hie 'Saer gefuhton. and J>aer wearS Sigulf ealdor
mon ofslaegen. and Sigelm ealdormon. and Eadwold
cynges 'Segen. and Cenulf abbod. and Sigebreht
Sigulfes sunu. and Eadwald Sccan sunu. and monige
eac him. ]?eh ic 8a ge "Sungnestan nemde. !Snd on
Sara Deniscena healfe wearS ofslaegen Eohric hira
cyng. and ^Eftelwald ae^eling. 'Se hine to )?aem unfri'Se
gespon. and Byrhtsige Beorno'Ses sunu ae'Selinges.
and Ysopa hold, and Oscytel hold, and swifte monige
eac him. )?e we nu genemnan ne magon. !Snd J?aer
THE PARKER MS. (ft) 99
waes on gehwse'Sre bond mieel wael ge slaegen. and
J>ara Denescena J?aer wear^ ma ofslaegen. J>eh hie wael
stowe gewald ahton.
Ealh swi'S gefor Jy ilcan geare.
(F) 903. Her forSferde Gribaldi ]?es sac' and )>ys ylcan geares was ge
halgod Niwe mynster on Wincest'. and S' ludoces cyme. Ob' S'
Gribaldi sac'. & aduent' S' ludoci. & dedicat' Noui Monast' Went'.
(D) tobugon. pa berad man f wif J>et he hsefde ser genumen butan
jjses cynges leafan and ofer J>aera biscopa gebodu for]?am heo wees
ser to nunnan gehalgod.
And on }>ys ilcan geare forSferde ^E)?ered waes on Defenum ealdor
man. iiii wucan eer Alfred cyning.
903. Her gefor AJmlf ealdorman. Ealhswy^e broker. Eadweardes
moder cynges. and Uirgilius abbud of Scottum. and Grimbald msesse
preost.
904. Her com ASelwold hider ofer sse mid eallum ]>am flotan }>e
he begitan mihte and him to gebogen wses on EastSeaxe.
905. Her cometa seteowde xiii k' Nouembris.
Her gelsedde A]>elwold ]?one here on East Engl urn to unfrifte. f
hi gehergodon ofer eall Myrcna land 08 hi comon to Creoccgelade.
and foron J>aer ofer Temese and namon seg|>er on Brsedene ge paer on
baton, call -p hi gehentan meahton. and wendon ]?a east hamweard.
pa for Eadweard cyning aefter swa he raSost mihte his fyrd gegade-
rian. and oferhergode eall hyra land betweoh dicum and Wiisan eall
08 fennas nort>. pa he eft |?anon faran wolde. ]>a het heo beodon
ofer ealle |>a fyrd. f hi foron ealle ut setsomne. pa aetsaeton J>a
Centiscan J>aer be asftan ofer his bebod. and vii serend racan he him
haefde toasend. pa befor sehere hi j?eer. and hi 'Sser gefuhton. and
Jjaer [wear^] Siulf ealdorman ofslsegen. and Sihelm ealdorman. and
Eadwold cynges |>eng. and Kenulf abb', and Sigebryht Siulfes sunu.
and Eadwold Accan sunu. and manige eac to him. }>eah ic }>a ge
jmngenestan ^nemde. And on J>sera Deniscena healfe wses ofslaegen
Eoric cyning. and A^elwold sejjeling j?e hi him to cyninge gecurum.
and Beorht sige Beorht no^es sunu sej>elinges. and Ysopo hold, and
Oskytel hold, and swrSe msenige eac mid him. )>e we nu genemnan
nemagon. And J>ser wes on gehwae^ere hand mycel wsel ge slaegen.
and )>aera Deniscna wearS ma ofslaegen. J>eah hi wsel stowe ge weald
ahton. And EalhswiS gefor }>y ilcan geare.
O 2
100 THE PARKER MS.
906. Her on J?ys geare gefor Alfred waes set
Baftum gerefa. !Snd on J?aem ilcan gere mon faest-
node ]?one fri^ set Yttinga forda. swa swa Eadweard
cyng geraedde. aegfter wiS EastEngle ge wr$ Nor*$
hymbre.
908. Her gefor Denulf. se waes on Winteceastre
biscop.
910. Her feng FriSestan to biscop dome on Winte
ceastre. and !Ssser biscop gefor sefter "Seem, se wees aet
Scireburnan biscop.
!Snd J?y ilcan gere sende Eadweard cyng firde seg^er
ge of WestSeaxurn ge of Mercum. and heo gehergade
swi$e micel on ]>sem nor8 here. aegSer ge on mannum
ge on gehwelces cynnes yrfe.and rnanega men ofslogon
]?ara Deniscena. and J>aer waeron fif wucan inne.
911. Her braec se here on Nor$ hymbrum ]?one
fri'S. and forsawon aelc fri'S ]?e Eadweard cyng and
his witan him budon. and hergodon ofer Mercna
lond. and se cyng hsefde gegadrod sum hund scipa.
and wses J?a on Cent, and J>a scipu foran be suftan
east andlang see togenes him. J?a wende se here J?aet
his fultumes se maesta dael w^aere on J>aem scipum.
and J>aet hie mehten faran un be fohtene J?aer paer hie
wolden. J?a ge ascade se cyng )?aet J?aet hie ut on
herga'S foron. J?a sende he his fird aeg^er ge of West
Seaxum ge of Mercum. and hie oiforon 'Sone here
hindan. J>a he hamweard waes. and him ]?a wi'S gefuh-
ton and Jxme here gefliemdon. and his fela J?usenda
ofslogon. and J?aer waes Ecwils cyng ofslaegen.
912. Her gefor ^E'Sered ealdormon on Mercum.
and Eadweard cyng feng to Lundenbyrg and to Oxna
forda. and to $aem landum eallum J?e )?aer tohierdon.
913. Her on J?ys geare ymb Martines maessan.
het Eadweard cyning atymbran ]?a nor'Sran burg aet
THE LAUD MS. (E) 101
906. Her ge festnode Eadward cyng for neode frrS segSer
ge wr3 EastEngla here, ge wift NorShymbre.
910. Her Englehere and Dene gefuhton set Teotanheale.
And ^EJ?ered Myrcena ealdor forSferde. and Eadward cyng
feng to Lunden byrig. and to Oxnaforda. and to ealle ]?am
landum ]?e J?aer to gebyredon. And mycel sciphere hider com
su]?an of Lidwicum. and hergedon swifte be Sefsern. ac hi )?3er
msest ealle siSftan forforon.
(F) 909. Her gefor Denulf b' of Winceast'. Denulf eps Wentan' ob'. '/*
910. Asser b' of Scirb' ob'. Her Eadward cing feng to Lundenb'i and to
Oxanaforda and to eallu fta landon ]?e ftarto hyrdon. Hie rex Eaduuard' suscep'
Lundonia & Oxanaford & oms tras q' illis adjacent. Fridestan 3 suscep' ep'atu
Wentoniense.
(D) 906. Her waes see Oswaldes lichoma alseded of Beardan igge.
Her on bysson geare Alfred gefor. waes set BaSumtune gerefa. And
on bam ylcan geare man gefsestnode bone frift set Ytingaforda. swa
swa Eadward cyning geraedde. aegbaer ge wi(5 East^Englum ge wiS
NorS hymbrae.
909. Her Myrce and West Seaxe gefuhton wrS bone here neh
Teotanheale. on.viii idus Agustus. and sige haefdon. and by ilcan
geare JEbelflaed getimbrode Bremesburh. Her gefor Denewulf se
wees on Wintan ceastre b'.
910. Her feng FrrSstan to biscopdome on Winta ceastre. and
Asser gefor sefter bam. se wses set Scireburnan biscop.
And by ilcan geare sende Eadweard cyning fyrde segber ge of
West Seaxum ge of Myrcuni. and he gehergode swySe mycel on
J?am nor^ here, segbser ge on mannum ge on hwylcum yrfe. and ma-
nege men ofslogon baera Daeniscra. and bser waeron v wucan inne.
Her ^Engle and Dene gefuhton set Totanheale. And ^Ebelred
Myrcna ealdor for<5ferde. and Eadward cyning feng to Lunden byrig.
and to Oxnaforda. and to eallum bam landum be bser to hyrdon. And
mycel sciphere hider com su'San of Lidwicum. and hergodon swy^e
be Ssefern. ac hi bser msest ealle sybban forforan.
911. Her braec sehere bone friS on Nor^hymbrum. and forsawon
selc riht be Eadweard cyning and his witan him budon. and hergodon
ofer Myrc land. And se cyning hsefde gegaderod sum hund scipa.
and waes ba on Cent, and ba scipu foron be su^an east andlang see
togeanes him. pa wende se here f his fultum wsere se msesta dsel
on bam scipum. and baet hi mihton unbefohtene faran bserbaer hi
woldon. pa ge ahsode se cyning bset ]?set hi on hergea^ foron. ba
sende he his fyrd seg^er ge of West Seaxum ge of Myrcum. and hy
of foron bone here hindan. ba he hamweard waes. and him wrS ba
gefuhton. and bone here geflymdon. and his feola of slogen. and baer
waes Eowilisc cyng ofslaegen. and Healden cyng. and Ohter eorl. and
Scurfa eorl. and Abulf hold, and Agmund hold.
912. Her gefor ^Ebelred ealdor man on Myrcum. and Eadweard
cyning feng to Lunden byrig and to Oxnaforda. and to eallum bam
landum be ]>ser to hyrdon.
913. Her ^Ebelfled getimbrode Tameweortte. and eac Stafforda
102 THE PARKER MS. (3S)
Heorotforda. betweox Memeran and Beneficcan and
Lygean x .
Snd J?a aefter J?am f>aes on sumera. betweox gang
dagum and middum sumera. )?a for Eadweard cyning
mid sumum his fultume on EastSeaxe to Maeldune.
and wicode f>ser J?a hwile Ipe man J>a burg worhte and
getimbrede set Wit ham. and him beag god dsel J?ees
folces to ]?e ser under Deniscra manna anwalde waeron.
and sum his fultum worhte )?a burg J>a hwile aet
Heorotforda on su]?healfe Lygean.
917. Her on )?ys gere rad se here ut ofer Eastron
of Ham tune and of Ligera ceastre. and brsecon J?one
fri)?. and slogon monige men set Hoc nera tune, and
J?ser onbutan. and J?a swifte ra]?e sefter J?sem. swa J?a
o]?re ham comon. J?a fundon hie oj>re floe rade. J?set
rad ut wi'S Lygtunes. and )?a wurdon }?a land leode
his ware and him wij? gefuhton. and gebrohton hie
on fullum fleame. and ahreddon eall J>set hie ge
numen hsefdon. and eac hira horsa and hira wsepna
micelne dsel.
918. Her on ]?ysum geare com micel sciphere hider
ofer suj>an of Lid wiccum. and twegen eorlas mid.
Ohtor and Hroald. and foron west onbutan f>set hie
gedydon innan Sseferne muj>an. and hergodon on
NorJ>Wealas seghwser be ]?am sse. J?ser hie ]?onne on
hagode. and gefengon Cameleac biscop on Ircinga
felda. and Iseddon hine mid him to scipum. and J?a
aliesde Eadweard cyning hine eft mid xl pundum.
pa sefter J?am for se here eall up. and wolde farari )?a
giet on herga)? wi8 Ircinga feldes. J?a gemetton ]?a
men hie of Here forda and of Gleaweceastre^. and of
J>am niehstum burgum. and him wi$ ge fuhton and
hie gefliemdon. and of slogon J?one eorl Hroald and
J>ses o]?res eorles brof>or Ohteres. and micel J?ses heres.
and be drifon hie on anne pearruc. and be sseton hie
THE LAUD MS. (E) 103
918. Her ^ESelffced forSferde Myrcena hkefdige 5 .
(D) burh. Her on byssum geare ymbe Martines maessan het Eadward
cyning atimbrian ba nor&m burh set Heort forda. be tweoh Mseran
and Beneficean and Ligean.
And ba eefter bam baes onsumera. betwux gang dagum and middan
sumera for Eadweard cyning mid sumum his fultume on EastSeaxe
to Mseldune. and wicode bser J>a hwile be man ba burh worhte and
ge trymode set Witan ham. and him beah god dsel bses folces to be
ser under Dseniscra manna anwealde wseron. and sum his fultum
worhte ba burh set Heortforda on suShealfe Lygean.
914. Her on gere rad se here ut ofer Eastron of Ham tune and
of Ligere ceastre. and brsecon bonne frift and slogon manegan maen
set Hocceneretune. and bser abuton. And ba hwile swy'Se ra^e
sefter bam. swa obre ham comon. ba fundon hi oSre flocrade f rad
ut wiS Ligtunes. and ba wurdon }>a landleode his gewaer and him
wiS gefuhton. and gebrohton hi on fullan fleame. and ahrieddon
call f hi ge numen haefdon. and eac heora horsa and heora waepna
mycelne dsel.
915. Her on J>ison geare wses Wserincwic getimbrod. and com
mycel sciphere hider ofer su^an. of Lio^wicum. and ii eorlas. mid
Ohter and mid Hraold. and foron ]?a west abuton f hi gedyde innon
Ssefern mu'San. and hergodon on NorSWealas eeghwaer be ]>am
sta^um J>ser hi ]?onne on hagode. and ge fengon Camelgeeac bisceop
on lercinga felda. and laeddon hine mid him to scipe. and ]>a alysde
Eadweard cyning hine eft mid xl pundum. pa Defter ]>am ]?a for se
here call up. and wolde faran )>a git on hergea'S wi^ lercinga feldes.
pa gemytton hy of Here forda and of Gleawe ceastre and of J?am
nyxtan burgum. and him wi<5 gefuhton and hi geflymdon. and of
slogon }>ane eprl Hraold. and J)aes o]>res eorles brojjor Ohteres. and
mycel J>ses heres. and be drifon hi on anne pearroc. and be sseton hi
x This and the notice of Hertford a on the opposite bank of the Lea, and
few lines lower describe the site of that there stands Hertford Castle,
town as it is at this day. Part of it is 7 " There came against them the
north of the Lea, between the points men of Hereford and of Gloucester."
of its junction with the Maran and the 5 See below, pp. 108, 109.
Beane. The south part of the town is
104 THE PARKER MS. (S)
J?ser utan. a oj?f>e hie him sealdon gislas. ]?set hie of
Eadweardes cyninges andwalde afaran woldon. !Snd
se cyng hsefde funden b J?aet him mon sset wi'S. on suj?
healfe Ssefern muj?an. westan from Wealum. east o]?
!&fene mu)?an. j?aet hie ne dorston J?set land nawer ge
secan on ]?a healfe. pa bestaelon hie hie )?eah nihtes
upp set surnum twam cirron. set o]?rum cierre be
eastan Wseced. and set o}?rum cierre set Portlocan.
pa slog hie mon set seg]?rum cirre. ]>sdt hira feawa on
weg comon. buton )?a ane J>e ]?aer ut aetswummon to
]?am scipum. and )?a saeton hie ute on ]?am iglande
set BradanRelice. o]> Jxme first J?e hie vvurdon swij?e
mete lease, and monige men hungre acwselon. forj?on
hie ne meahton nanne mete geraecan. foran J>a
}?onan to Deomodum. and }?a ut to Irlande. and ]?is
waes on haerfest.
'Knd }?a aefter ]?am on ]?am ilcan gere foran to
Martines maessan. "Sa for Eadweard cyning to Buo
cingahamme mid his firde. and saet J?aer feovver
wucan. and geworhte ]?a burga buta on aegj?ere healfe
eas aer he J>onon fore, and purcytel eorl hine ge
sohte him to hlaforde. and J>a holdas ealle. and ^a
ieldestan men ealle maeste. "Se to Bedanforda hierdon.
and eac monige ]?ara J?e to Ham tune hierdon.
919. Her on J>ys gere Ead weard cyng for mid
fierde to Bedan forda. foran to Martines rnsessan. and
beget J?a burg, and him cirdon to msest ealle J?a burg
ware J?e hie ser budon. and he sset J?ser feower wucan.
and het atimbran J?a burg on suj? healfe }?sere eas. asr
he J?onan fore.
920. Her on ]?ys gere foran to middum sumera.
for Eadweard cyning to Maeldune. and getimbrede J?a
burg and gesta'Solode aer he J>onon fore.
'Knd ]>y ilcan geare for pur cytel eorl ofer see on
Froncland. mid J>am mannum J>e him gelsestan wold-
on. mid Eadweardes cynges fri]?e and fultume.
921. Her on ]?ysum gere foran to Eastron. Ead
THE LAUD MS. (E) 105
921. Her Sihtric cyng ofsloh Niel his broj?or.
(F) 921. Her Sihtric cing of sloh Niel his broker. Rex Sihtric' occi-
dit frem suum Niellu,
(D) J>aer utan o3 hi him sealdon gislas. baet hi of j?ses cynges anwealde
faran woldon. And se cyng hsefde funden $ him mon sset wi$. on
suS healfe Sgefernmuban westan fram Wealum. east o]> Afene
mu]>an. bset hi ne dorstan beet land nawser on ba healfe ge secean,
pa bestselan hi beah nihtes up set sumum twam cyrrura. aet obrum
cyrre be eastan Weced, set obrum cyrre set Por locan, pa sloh hi
mon set segberum cyrre. ^ hyra feawa on weg comon buton ]?a ane
^seruto^Sswymman mihton to }>am scipum. And ]?a sseton hi ute
on j?am iglande set Steapan Reolice o^ J>one fyrst ]>e hi wurdon swyf>e
mete lease, and manege men hungre acwselon. forj>on hi ne meahton
nsenne mete gersecan, foron ]>a ]>anon to Deomedum. and J>anon to
Yrlande. and j?is waes on hserfest.
And J>a sefter J>am on j?am ilcan geare foran to Martines msessan.
J)a for Eadweard cyning to Buccinga hamme mid his fyrde. and sa3t
jiser feower wucan. and geworhte ]?a byrig buta on segj>ser healfe eas
aer he ]?anon fore. And purcytel eorl hine ge sohte him to hlaforde.
and J?a eorlas ealle. and ]?a yldestan msen ]?e to Bedaforda hyrdon.
and eac msenige J>sera ]?e to Ham tune hyrdon.
917- Her JEJjelflaed Myrcna hleefdige Gode fultumiendum foran to
hlam meessan begeat J?a burh mid eallum ]?am |>e ]?8er to hyrde. )>e is
gehaten Deoraby. |>ser wseron eac ofslsegene hyre ]?segna feower ]>e
hire besorge wseron binnan J>am gatan.
918. Her heo begeat on hyre geweald mid Godes fultume on
foreweardne gear j>a burh set Ligran coastre. and se msesta dsel J>ges
herges J>e ]>ser to hyrde wearS hyre under ^eod. and hsefdon eac Eofor
wicyngas hyre gehaten. and sume onwedde geseald sume mid a]>um
gefsestnod }> hi on hire rsedinge beon woldon.
a J?set B. oft C. D. B is fond of opposing their landing on the south
J>set = wntil, insomuch that, where oft coast of the zestuary of the Severn;
is more usual : cf. 937. from Cornwall westward, to the mouth
*> " And the king had arranged for of the Avon eastward."
106 THE PARKER MS. (K)
(A.D.921) weard cyning het gefaran ]?a burg set Tofe ceastre.
and hie getimbran. !Snd J?a eft aefter )?am. on J>arn
ilcan geare to gangdagum. he het atimbran ]?a burg
set Wigingamere.
py ilcan sumera betwix hlafmsessan and middum
sumera. se here brsec ]?one frij? of Ham tune and of
Ligera ceastre and J?onan nor)?an. and foron to Tofe
ceastre. and fuhton on J?a burg ealne dseg. and J?ohton
J?set hie sceoldon abrecan. !Sc hie f>eah awerede J?set
folc ]?e J?ser binnan wses oj? him mara fultum to com.
and hie forleton ]?a ]?a burg and foron aweg. !Snd
J>a eft swi^e raf>e setter J?am. hie foron eft ut mid
stsel herge nihtes. and comon on un ge arwe men.
and genorrion utlytel. seg]?er ge on mannum ge on
ierfe. betweox Byrne wuda and yEglesbyrig.
py ilcan sif>e for se here of Huntandune. and of
EastEnglum. and worhton f>aet geweorc set Tcernese
forda. and hit budon. and bytledon. and forleton J?set
o]?er set Huntan dune, and J>ohton J?set hie sceoldon
]?anon of mid gevvinne and mid unfri'Se eft J?ses landes
mare gersecan. Snd foran J?set hie gedydon set Bedan
forda. and ]?a foran J?a men ut ongean ]?e {?aer binnan
waeron. and him wij? ge fuhton and hie gefliemdon
and hira godne del ofslogon.
pa eft aefter J?am J?agiet gegadorode micel here
hine of EastEnglum and of Mercna lande. and foran
to Jpsere byrig set Wiginga mere, and ymb sseton hie
utan. and fuhton lange on dseg on. and namon J?one
ceap onbutan. !Snd J?a men aweredon ]?eah J?a burg
J?e j?ser binnan waBron. and ]?a forleton hie J?a burg
and foron aweg.
pa aBfter J?am J?a3S ilcan sumeres gegadorode micel
folc hit on Eadweardes cynges anwalde. of J?am nieh-
stum burgum. f>e hit "Sa gefaran mehte. and foron to
Teemese forda. and besaeton 8a burg, and fuhton J?aer
THE PARKER MS. (X) 107
on 08 hi hie abraecon. and ofslogon pone cyning and(A.D.92i)
Toglos eorl and Mannan eorl his sunu and his bro-
por. and ealle pa pe paer binnan waeron and hie
wergan woldon. and namon pa opre and eal paet paer
binnan waes.
pa aefter pam pses forhrape gegadorode rnicel folc
hit on haerfest. segper ge of Cent ge of Suprigum ge
of EastSeaxum ge aeghwonan of pam nihstum burgurn.
and foron to Colne ceastre and ymb saeton pa burg,
and paer on fuhton op hie pa ge eodon. and paet folc
eall ofslogon. and ge namon eal paet paer binnan waes.
buton pam mannum pe paer opflugon ofer pone weall.
pa aefter ]?am J?a giet J?aas ilcan haarfestes gegador-
ode micel here hine of EastEnglum. aagper ge J?aes
landheres ge J>ara wicinga Ipe hie him to fultume
aspanen haefdon. and J?ohton J?aet hie sceoldon ge
wrecan hira teonan. and foron to Maeldune. and
ymb sseton J?a burg, and fuhton J>ser on. op ]?am burg
warurn com mara fultum to utan to helpe. and forlet
se here J?a burg and for fram. and ]?a foron )?a men
aefter ut of J?sere byrig. and eac J>a J>e him utan comon
to fultume. and gefliemdon pone here and ofslogon
hira monig hund. segper ge sesc manna ge operra.
pa paas forhrape pses ilcan hserfestes for Eadweard
cyning mid WestSexna fierde to Passan hamme. and
saet pasr pa hwile pe mon worhte pa burg eet Tofe
ceastre mid stan wealle. and him cirde to purferp
eorl and pa holdas and eal se here pe to Ham tune
hierde. norp op Weolud. and sohton hine him to
hlaforde and to mundboran.
'Knd pa se firdstemn for ham pa for oper ut and
gefor pa burg set Huntandune. and hie gebette and
ge edneowade paer heo ser to brocen waes. be Ead
weardes cyninges haese. and paet folc eal paet paer to
p 2
108 THE PARKER MS.
lafe wses J?ara landleoda. beag to Eadwearde cyninge
and sohton his fri]? and his mundbyrde.
pa giet sefter J?am J?ses ilcan geres foran to Martines
msessan. for Eadweard cyning mid WestSexna fierde
to Colneceastre c . and ge bette ]?a burg and ge ed-
neowade J>ser heo ser to brocen wses. and him cirde
mi eel folc to. seg)?er ge on EastEnglum ge on East
Seaxum. )?e ser under Dena anwalde wees, and eal
se here on EastEnglum him swor annesse. J?set hie
eal J?set woldon f>set he wolde. and eall J?aet frij?ian
woldon f>set se cyng frijnan wolde. aegj?er ge on sae
ge on lande. and se here J?e to Grantan brycge
hierde. hine geces synderlice him to hlaforde and to
mund boran. and J?set fsestnodon mid a}mm. swa swa
he hit J?a ared.
922. Her on "Sysum gere betweox gangdagum and
middan sumera. for Eadweard cyng mid firde to
Steanforda. and het gewyrcan 8a burg on sufthealfe
8sere eas. and ftset folc eal "Se to 'Saere norj>erran
byrig hierde. him beah to. and sohtan him hine to
hlaforde.
3!nd ]?a on J?sem setle 'Se he J?aer sset. f>a ge for
^Ej?elflaed his swystar set Tame wor]?ige d xii nihtum
ser middum sumera. Snd ]?a gerad he J?a burg set
Tamewor]?ige. and him cierde to eall se }?eod scype
on Myrcna lande. Ipe j^Cf>elflsede ser underj?eoded wses.
and J?a cyningas on Nor}?Wealum. Howel and Cledauc
and leojjwel. and eall NorJ>Weallcyn hine sohton him
to hlaforde.
pa for he }?onan to Snotingaham and gefor f>a burg,
and het hie ge betan and ge settan. seg]?er ge mid
Engliscum mannum ge mid Deniscum.
Snd him cierde eall J>set folc to J?e on Mercna lande
ge seten wses. seg)?er ge Denisc ge Englisce.
923. Her on J>ysum geare for Eadweard cyning
THE LAUD MS. (E)
923. Her Regnold cyng gewan Eoferwic.
109
(F) 923. Her Regnold cing gewann Euorwic. Rex Regnold' deuicit
Eboraca.
(D) Ac swjrSe hraedlice bees be hi bus geworden hsefde heo gefor. xii
nihtum (pridie ID' IUNII) ser middan sumera. binnan TamweorSe by
eahto^an geare baes )>e heo Myrcna anweald mid rihte hlaford dome
healdende wses. and hire lie lift binnan Glewe ceastre innan bam east
portice see Petres cyrcean.
919. Her eac wearS .^Ebelredes dohter Myrcna hlafordes aelces
anwealdes on Myrcum benumen. and on WestSeaxe alaeded. brym
wucum ser middan wintre. se wses haten yElfwyn.
921. Her Eadweard cyning getimbrode ba burh set Cledemuban.
923. Her Regnold cyning gewan Eoforwic.
c At Colchester, Edward " repaired
and restored the fortress wheresoever
it had a breach." No mention of new
constructions as elsewhere (gewyrcan
ane burg), for the fortifications date
from Roman times. It seems to be
established now that Colchester is the
R. Colony of Camulodunum (Tac. An.
xiv. 31), which was surprised and
stormed by the infuriated Boadicea,
A. D. 61. See "The Military Anti-
quities of the Romans in Britain" by
Maj. Gen. Roy, p. 187, and "Colches-
ter Castle" by Rev. H. Jenkins. Quar-
terly Review, No. 193.
The walls, of which particular men-
tion is made on the previous page,
form a parallelogram, longer on the
north and south sides j measuring
about if m. round. According to
Maj. Gen. Roy, they are based on a
Roman valluin, and the whole position
is such as the Romans would choose
a commanding point of land, formed
by the Colne on one side and a ravine
on the other.
Such being the strength of the place,
it was a spirited act of the men of
Kent, Surrey, and Essex to dislodge
the Danes, and recover a stronghold
of so much importance. In this we
see the good effect of the king's vigor-
ous conduct upon the temper and reso-
lution of his people.
d ^Ethelflsed, the Lady of Mercia,
died at Tamworth, which seems (from
the language of some Charters) to have
been the Residence of the kings of
Mercia.
jEthelflsed had governed with more
than feminine energy; she had hum-
bled the Welsh, and fortified her terri-
tory against the Dane.". The Latin.
Chroniclers make a point of giving her
masculine titles, as Henry of Hunting-
don says : Hsec igitur domina tantse
potentiae fertur fuisse, ut a quibusdam
non solum domina vel regina, sed etiam
Rex vocaretur ad laudem et excellen-
tiam mirificationis sui, &c. So D. has,
mid rihte Jdaford dome.
Holinshed styles her " the martial
ladie and manlie Elfleda." Speed calls
her "another Zenobia."
On the death of his sister, Eadweard
occupied Mercia, and united it finally
with Wessex. A line drawn from the
mouth of the Mersey to that of the
Welland, with a free outward curve,
would now describe the Saxon frontier
towards the Briton and the Dane.
110 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
mid fierde on ufan haerfest to pelwaele. and het ge
wyrcan ]?a burg and ge settan and ge mannian. and
het oj?re fierd. eac of Miercna J?eode. )?a hwile J>e he
J?aer sset. gefaran Mame ceaster on NorJ?hymbrum.
and hie gebetan and ge mannian. Her for\>ferde Piegemund
arcebisceop.
924. Her on J>ysum gere foran to middum sumera.
for Eadweard cyning mid fierde to Snotingaham. and
het ge wyrcan )?a burg on suj> healfe J?sere eas. ongean
]?a oj>re. and }?a brycge ofer Treontan be twix f>am
twam burgum. and for f>a )?onan on Peac lond to
Badecan wiellon. and het ge wyrcan ane burg J?aer
on neaweste. and ge mannian. and hine geces J>a
to faeder and to hlaforde Scotta cyning and eall
Scotta J>eod. and Regnald and Eadulfes suna and
ealle J?a)7e on Nor]?hymbrum bugea]?. segj>er ge
Englisce ge Denisce ge Nor]? men ge o]?re. and eac
Straecled Weala cyning and ealle Strsecled Wealas.
925. Her Eadweard cing forj?ferde. and ^EJ^elstan
his SUnU feng to rice. And See Dunstan wear akcenned. and Wulfelm
feng to \>an arcebiscoprice on Cantuarebyri.
931. Her mon hadode Byrnstan bisceop to Wintan
ceastre iiii kF lunii. and he heold ]?ridde healf gear
bis'dom.
932. Her for]?ferde Fry)?estan bisceop.
933. Her for ^J?elstan cyning in on Scotland. aeg]?er
ge mid land here ge mid scyp here, and his micel
oferhergade. !Snd Byrnstan bisp forj>ferde on Wintan
ceastre. to Omnium Scorurn.
934. Her feng ^Elfheah bisp. to bisceopdome.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 111
924. [Her ^Edward cyning forSferde. and JEJ^elstan his sunu
feng to rice.]
925. Her Wulfelm biscop wes ge halgod. and J>y ilcan
geare ^Edward cyning foriSferde.
927. Her JE]?elstan cyning fordraf GuSfrrS cyng. and her
Wulfelm arcb' for to Rom.
928. WilPm suscepit regnum. et xv annis regnavit.
933. Her adranc JEdwine seeding on see.
934. Her for J3j?elstan cyning on Scotland, ge raid land
here, ge mid sciphere. and his mycel oferhergode.
(F) 924. Her wear> Eadward cing gecoren to fsedere and to hlauorde of Scotta
cinge and of Scotton. and Regnolde cinge and of eallu NorShubru. and eac
Streaclede Waela cinge. and of eallon Streclaed Wealan. Hie Eduuard' fili'
Alfredi elect' e' a rege Scotie & ab omib' Scottis in patre & drim. & a Regnoldo
rege & a cunctis de Norft hubra. & a Streclsede rege Uualor' & a pop'lo ei'.
925. Her Eadward cing for}>ferde. and JEftestan his sunu feng to rice, and
Wulfelm wear}> gehadod to arb' to Cant' and S' Dunstanus was geboren. Hie
ob' Eaduuard' rex fili' Alfredi reg' & ^ESestan suscep' regnu & Wlfelm' ordinat'
e' ad ar'ep'atu Cantie
& beatus Dunstanus natus e'.
927. Her JEftestan cing fordraf Gu>fri l S cing and her Wulfelm arb' ferde to
Rome. Rex ^ESestan' pepulit Guthfridu rege. & Wlfelm' ar'eps perrex 1 Rome
p' pallio.
928. Willelmus feng to Normandi. and heald xv gear. Willelm' sucep' Nor-
mannia regenda et xv annis tenuit.
931. Her forSferde FriSestan b' Wentanus. and Byrnstanus wear 5 gebletsod
on his loh. Friftestan' eps Wyntoniensis ob'. et Byrnstan' ordinat' loco ei'.
934. Her for JESestan cing to Scotlande mid land here ge mid sciphere. and
his mycel ouer hergode. Rex JE'Sestan' vadit in Scotia cum magno &c.
935. Her feng ^Elfeah to b' stole on Wine. ^Elf heg' suscep' pontificatu W . . .
(D) 924. Her Eadweard cyning gefor on Myrcum set Farndune. and
yElfweard his sunu swybe hra^e bges gefor ymbe xvi dagas set
Oxanforda. and hyra lie IrS set Wintanceastre. and ^Ebelstan waes
gecoren to cynge of Myrcum. and set Cyngestune gehalgod. and he
geaf his sweostor Offse EaldSeaxna cynges suna.
925. Her ^Ebelstan cyning and Sihtric NorShymbra cyng heo
gesamnodon set TameweorSbige. iii k' Februarius. and ^Ebelstan his
sweostor him forgeaf.
926. Her o^eowdoii fyrena leoman on norSdsele bsere lyfte. and
Sihtric acwsel. and ^Ebelstan cyning feng to NorS hymbra rice,
and ealle ba cyngas be on byssum iglande wseron he gewylde.
serest Huwal WestWala cyning. and Cosstantin Scotta cyning. and
Uwen Wenta cyning. and Ealdred Ealdulfing from Bebbanbyrig.
and mid wedde and mid abum fryj? gefaestnodon. on bsere stowe be
genemned is set Ea motum. on iiii idus lulii. and selc deofol geld to
cwsedon. and sybbam mid sibbe tocyrdon.
934. Her for ^Ebelstan cyning on Scotland mid here ge mid
sciphere. and his mycel ofer hergode.
THE PARKER MS. (35)
937. Her 7EJ>elstan cyning eorla dryhten
beorna beahgifa and his broker eac
Eadrnund sej>eling. ealdorlangne tir
geslogon set ssecce a * sweorda ecgum
ymbe Brunanburh. Bordweal clufan.
heowan heaj?olinde hamora lafan b
c afaran Eadweardes. swa him gesej^ele wses
from cneomsegum ^ hi set campe oft
wij? la]?ra gehwsene * land ealgodon d *
hord and hamas. Hettend crungun
Sceotta leoda 6 * and scipflotan
faege feollan. feld dcennede f
secgas hwatefc sift^an sunne up *
on morgentid msere tungol
glad ofer grundas Godes condel beorht
eces Drihtnes h o*S sio se]?ele gesceaft *
sah to setle. peer laeg secg msenig
garum ageted 1 guma nor|?erna
ofer scild scoten. swilce Scittisc eac
werig wiges k saed. WesSeaxe for'S
ondlongne dreg eorodcistum 1 '
on last legdun laj>um ]?eodum.
heowan herefleman m * hindan J>earle
mecum mylenscearpan 11 . Myrce ne wyrndon
heeardes hondplegan hselej^a nanum *
Pj>ae mid Snlafe ofer sera ge bland 1 *
on lides r bosme land gesohtun
fsege to gefeohte. Fife laegun
on J?am carnpstede * cyninges giunge 8
sweordum aswefede. swilce seofene eac
eorlas S!nlafes. uririm heriges 1
flotan and Sceotta. pser geflemed wearS *
Noi^S manna bregu u nede gebeded x
to lides stefne litle weorode
THE LAUD MS. (E) 113
937. Her j3C$elstan cyniiig laedde fyrde to Brunanbyrig.
(F) 937. Her ^E^estan cing and Eadmund his broker laedde fyrde to
Brunanbyri. and bar gefeht wr Anelaf. and Xpe fultumegende sige
hsefde. Hie factii e' illud magnu & famosu bellu in Brunanbyri &c.
a geslogan set sake B. geslohgon set
secce A.
b heowanheaftolinda hameralafumD.
c eaforan B. aforan C. eoforan D.
d gealgodon D.
6 crungon Scotta leode B. C. D.
f dennade B. C. dennode D. dyn-
ede A.
e secga swate B. C. D j and this
seems the genuine text.
h t seo B ; as above 918. a.
1 garum forgrunden B.
k wigges B. C.
1 andlangne dseg cored cystumB.C.D.
m here flyman B. hereflymon .C.
heora flyman D. herefliman A.
n scearpum B.C. mycel scearpum D.
heardes B. C. D. heordes A. ; the
true reading.
P )>e A. J>arae B. C. }>8eraJ>e D.
4 earge bland B. C. ear- D.
' liSes C.
* geonge A. B. C. iunga D.
* and unrim herges C.
brego B. C. D.
* gebseded B. neade gebaeded C. D.
nyde A. See below 942. c.
This national song of victory is a
fine sample of the genius and art of
Saxon poetry, and a noble memorial
of the life of our forefathers. Much of
the Chronicle has the merit (too rare
in Saxon prose) of being genuine and
homespun, free from the intrusion of
strange ideas, and the infection of
foreign models. But these verses shew
us the native spirit in its more excited
mood ; they speak the tumultuous joy
of brave and simple patriots with the
rage of battle still tingling in their
veins. Such glowing words could not
become extinct : they have scored
themselves indelibly on the tablet of
literature.
Gibson appreciated the poetry, though
in his day the sense had not been per-
fectly made out. He notes : " Idioma
Me et ad An. 942 et 975 perantiquum
et horridum, inquit Whelocus. Peran-
tiquum proculdubio, horridum interim
haud dicendum ; quippe quod stylum
Csedmonianum, elegantissimum plane,
et in quo Ducum res gestee ob ejus
sublimitatem decantari antiquitus sole-
bant, aliquatenus saltern referat."
The song is preserved in five out of the
seven MSS.; viz., S. A. B. C. D. The
later Chronicles E and F omit it : under
Norman rule it had no longer any in-
terest. Of the Latin historians Henry
of Huntingdon alone has embodied this
gem into his work. His version has
many happy renderings, and likewise
many curious mistakes, speciously pa-
raphrased. For the sake of ready
comparison it is appended here ; the
more glaring faults being printed in
Italics.
' Rex Adelstan, decus ducum, nobi-
libus torquium dator, et frater ejus
Edmundus, longa stirpis serie splen-
dentes, percusserunt in bello, acie gla-
dii apud Brunesburh. Scutorum muros
fiderunt, nobiles ceciderwit, domestic^
reliquiae defuncti Edwardi. Sic nam-
que iis ingenitum fuerat a genibus
cognationum, ut bellis frequentibus
ab infestis nationibus defenderent pa-
trise thesauros et domos, pecunias
et xenia. Gens vero Hibernensium,
et puppium habitatores, fatales cor-
ruerunt ; colles resonuerunt. Sudave-
runt armati, ex quo sol mane prodiit,
micans hilariter, Icetificans profunda,
Dei luminare, fax Creatoris, usque quo
idem nobilis ductor occasu se occuluit.
Ibi viri jacuerunt multi a Dacia ori-
undi, telis perforati, sub scutis lanceati,
simul et Scotti bello fatigati. . Gens
vero Westsexe, tota simul die, prius
electi, post indefessi, invisse gentis glo-
bos straverunt; viri elegantes, hastas
caedebant, viri Mercenses acuta jacula,
mittebant, duro nianus ludo. Sanitas
ibi nulla his qui cum Anlavo trans
maris campos in ligni gremio terrain
petierunt, Marte morituri. Quinque
occubuerunt in loco belli reges juvenes,
gladiis percussi, ducesque septem regis
Anlavi j absque numero ceciderunt
Scotti, deperiitque Normannorum tu-
mor. Nee enim paucos ad litem belli,
duxeramt secum : cum paucis vevo
114 THE PARKER MS. (ff)
a cread cnearen flot cyning utgewaf
on fealene flod * feorh ge nerede.
Swilce j?ser eac sefroda * mid flearne com '
on his cy}>}>e norft * Costontinus *
bar hildering. hreman ne f>orfte
b msecan gemanan. he wses his maega sceard
freonda gefylled on folcstede *
c beslagen aet ssecce and his sunu forlet*
on wselstowe wundun fergrunden d
giungne aet gu"$e. gelpan ne ]?orfte *
beorn blanden feax bil geslehtes
eald inwidda 6 . ne Snlaf ]>y ma.
mid heora herelafum hlehhan ne )?orftun
j?set f heo beaduvveorca beteran wurdun *
vd cumbel
on campstede Sculbodgehnades
garmittinge * gumena gemotes
waepen gewrixles ]?aes h hi on wselfelda *
in maris fluctus rex navi provectus, escam paratas. Ergo corvus niger, ore
intrinsecus gemebat. Simul et Froda cornutus, et buffo livens, aquila cum
ductor Normannus, cumque suis notis milvo, canis lupusque mixtus colore,
dux .Constantinus, de Martis congressu, his sunt deliciis diu recreati. Non fuit
jactare nequierunt, ubi cognationis suse bellum hac in tellure majus patratum,
fragmen apparuit, ubi amici sui corrue- nee csedes tanta prsecessit istam, post-
rant, in statione populi bello prostrati, quam hue venerunt, trans mare latum,
et filium suum in loco proelii vulneri- Saxones et Angli, Brittones pulsuri :
bus demolitum carum reliquit. Nee clari Martis fabri, Walenses vicerunt,
Gude Dacus, declamare potuit, licet reges fugaverunt, regna suseeperunt.'
verbis blandus, et mente vetustus. Nee His causa recreandi interpositis ad
Anlaf ipse, cum reliquiis suis, mentiri historian redeamus.
potuit, quod ad hoc negotium sui pros- a Creat D. cnear on A.B.C.D. on
Stiterint in campo belli, ictuum imma- D. flod A. D.
nitate, telorum transforatione, in con- ^ mecea B. meca C. mecga D. For
cilio proborum. Matres vero et nurus He wses B and C have Her waes.
planxerunt suos belli alea cum Edwardi c forslegen B. beslegen C. beslseg-
filiis lusisse ; cum Normanni, navibus en D.
clavatis, et Anlaf tabefactus, ultra pro- d wundum forgrunden A.B.C.D.
fundum flumen, terras suas, moesto inwittaB.C. inwuda D.
animo, repetissent. Postea frater uter- t hi C.D. hie A. B.
que rediit Westsexe, belli reliquias KcumbelA. cumbolgehnastesB.C.D.
post se deserentes, carnes virorum in h \>e adds D.
THE PARKER MS.
115
wij? Eadweardes afaran plegodan.
Gewitan him J>a Nor]?men ^ntegledcnearrum
dreorig dara^alaf on k dinges mere
ofer deop waeter ] Difelin secan
and eft hira land * sewiscmode.
Swilce J?a ge broker begen set samne
cyning and aej?eling cylplpe sohton
Wesseaxena land wiges hramige.
Letan him behindan "hrse bryttian
saluwigpadan * Jxme sweartan hrsefn
hyrnednebban and f>ane hasewan padan
earn seftan hwit seses brucan
graedigne guShafoc and J?aet graege deor
wulf on wealde. Ne wear^ wsel mare
on J>is eiglande aefer? gieta *
folces gefylled * beforan j^issum
sweordes ecgum. J?aes Ipe us secga$ bee *
ealde uftwitan. si]?]?an eastan hider
Engle and Seaxe upbecoman
ofer bradbrimu^ Brytene sohtan *
wlance wigsmi'Sas Wealles r ofercoman*
eorlas arhwate eard begeatan.
1 negled C. dseggled on garum D.
k dynges B. dyniges D. dinnes A.
1 Dyflen B. Dyflin C. Dyflig D.
m and heora land A. Yraland C. D.
n Hraw B. hra D.
haso B. hasuC. D. hasean A.
P sefre B. C. D.
1 brade B. C. D. brymum brad A.
r Wealas B. C. D.
This Ode has been often done into
English, and it has been the work of
many hands to smooth its difficulties
for the modern student. See Guest's
History of English Rhythms, vol. ii ; and
the improved Ed. (1840) of Price's War-
ton's Hist.Engl. Poetry, vol. i; where is a
rich collection of notes and illustrations.
In Ellis's Specimens of Early English
Poets is a ' metrical version' in the style
of the 1 4th century, which Conybeare
(Illustrations of Anglo Saxon Poetry,
p. Ixxxi) praises as a successful imi-
tation.
A faint echo of its sense comes back
to us from the region of British Legend,
as represented in the verses of La3a-
mon. It is in the reign of ./EJ?elstan
that the story of British nationality is
brought to its plaintive close, when
their wandering prince is taught in a
dream to cease his vain attempts against
the power of the Saxon, and to wait
the promised day foretold by their pro-
phet Merlin.
Gt 2
116 THE PARKER MS. (S)
941. Her Jtyelstan cyning forftferde 8 on vi kl'
Nov'. ymbe xli wintra. butan anre niht. f>ses J?e Alfred
cyning forf>ferde. Xnd Eadmund aej?eling feng to
rice, and he waes ]?a xviii wintre. and ^E.}?elstan cyning
rixade xiiii gear and *x wucan. Pa was Wuifeim arcebiscop
on Cant.
942. "Her Eadmund cyning Engla }?eoden
x maga mundbora * Myrce geeode *
dyre deedfruma swa Dor scade)?'
hwitanwylles geat and yHumbra eV
brada brim stream burga fife*
Ligora ceaster and Lindcylene 2 *
and Snotingaham * swylce Stanford eac
a Deoraby. b Daene wseran aer'
under Norftm annum nyde gebegde c *
on hae]?enra haefteclommum
lange ]?raga d oj> hie alysde eft *
for his weor]?scipe wiggendra hleo *
afera Eadweardes Eadmund cyning
onfeng Snlafe cyninge set fulluhte. and J?y ylecan
geare ymbtelamicelfaec. he onfeng Raegenolde cyning
aet bisceopes handa arceUsceop.
943. e \_Her Eadmund ting S. Dunstane Glas~\tingeberig bet&hte >cer he
syftftan cerest abbud weairfS.
944. Her Eadmund cyning geeode eal NorJ?hym-
bra land him to f ge wealdan. and aflymde ut twegeii
cyningas. Snlaf Syhtrices sunu. and Rsegenald Gu'S
ferj?es sunu.
945. Her Eadmund cyning ofer hergode eal Cum-
braland. and hit let to eal Malculme& Scotta cyninge.
on }? gerad h ^ he waere his mid wyrhta segj^er ge on
see ge on lande.
946. Her Eadmund cyning for'Sferde on Scs Sgus-
tinus maesse dsege. and he haefde rice seofo]?e healf
gear. !Snd f>a feng Eadred ae]?eling his bro]?or to
rice, and gerad eal Nor]? hym bra land him to ge wealde.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 117
940. Her ^E^5elstan cyning forftferde. and feng ^Edmund
to rice his broftor.
942. Her Anlaf cyning forSferde.
Et Ricardus vetus suscepit regnum. et regnavit an lii.
944. Her ^Edmund cyning geeode ealle NorShymbre. and
ut aflymde twegen cyneborene msen Anlaf and Begnald.
945. Her ^Edmund cyning oferhergode call Cumbraland.
948. Her ^Edmund cyning wearS ofstungen. and feng
^Edred his broftor to rice, and he sona gerad eall Norft-
D. 941. Her NorShymbra alugon hira getreowa&a. and Anlaf
of Yrlande him to cinge gecuron.
942. " Her Eadmund cyning . . (S) . . Eadmund cyning."
943. Her Anlaf abrsec Tamewurbe. and micel wsel gefeol on
segbra hand, and ba Denan sige ahton and micele herehube mid
him aweg Iseddon. bser wses Wulfrun genurnen on bsere hergunge.
Her Eadmund cyning ymbsset Anlaf cyning and Wulfstan arce-
biscop on Legra ceastre. and he hy gewyldan meahte. nsere f hi
on niht utne setburston of bsere byrig. And sefter bsem begeat
Anlaf Eadmundes cynges freondscipe. and se cyning Eadmund
onfeng ba Anlafe cyninge set fulwihte. and he him cynelice gyfode.
And ^y ilcan geare. ymbe tsela mycelne fyrst. he onfeng Regnalde
cyninge set bisceopes handa.
' 944 (H). 945 (H).
946. . . (S) . . dage. j> wses wide cuo\ hu he his dag-as geendode.
f Liofa hine ofstang. eet Puclancyrcan. And _/EJ?elflsed set Domer-
hame. ^Elfgares dohter ealdormannes. wses )>a his cwen. and he
hafde &;c.
s on Glea we ceastre D. Christianity. This done, they reigned
* teon D. awhile, Anlaf Sihtricson in the North
u Eadmund had much ado to secure division, and Regnald Guftferftson in
his inheritance. The Danes made a the South district of which York was
new effort to escape from the yoke of the capital.
Wessex. They called over ANLAF of x msecgea B. mecga C. mseg)>a D.
Ireland, the discomfited champion of r Humbran B. Hunbran C. Him-
Brunanburh, to be their deliverer and bran D.
their king. Eadmund was defeated at z Lindkylne B. Lindcylne C. Lin-
Tamworth, but he besieged his enemy colne D.
in Leicester. Through the two Abps a and B.C. D.
(of whom each side had one) a peace b Denum B. Dene A. C. wseron
was made, which confined Eadmund aeror B. C. D.
South of Watling Street, and made c gebseded B. gebseded C. D. Cf.
ANLAF king of all the North. But 937. x.
the death of ANLAF soon enabled Ead- d J?rage A. B. C. D.
mund to recover his lost dominion, e The words within brackets are from
and to take a firmer hold on those F-to complete the sentence which in
outlying dependencies. Then were the a is broken.
Five Burghs reduced to submission, f gewealde A. B. C. D.
and the two ' kinglets' of the North Malculfe D.
were awed into the profession of h gearsed D.
118 THE PARKER MS. (S)
and Scottas him a]?as sealdan. j5 hie woldan eal
he wolde.
951. Her for]?ferde JElfheah Wintan ceastres bisc.
on See Gregories maessedseg.
955. Her forj>ferde Eadred cining. on See Cle-
mentes maessedaeg. on Frome. and he rixsade teo]?e
healf gear. !Snd ]?a feng Eadwig to rice. Eadmundes
SUnU cinges. And he aflamde See Dunstan ut of landed
958. Her forSferde Eadwig cyng on kP OctobrV
and Eadgar his broftor feng to rice \ he scente efter See Dunstane. and gaef him
\Kiet b'rice on Wigraccestre. and ^cer after \>cet b'rice on Lundene.
(D) 947. Her com Eadred cyning to Taddenes scylfe. and bser Wul-
stan se arcebiscop. and ealle NorS hymbra witan. wr8 bone cyning
hi getreowsoden. and binnan litlan fsece hit call alugon. ge wed and
eac abas.
948. Her Eadred cyning oferhergode call NorS hymbra land, for
jjsem J>e hi hsefdon genumen him Yryc to cyninge. and J?a on jjaere
hergunge wses ^ msere mynster forbsernd set Rypon. f See
WilferS getimbrede. And J>a se cyning hamweard wses. J>a offerde
se here innan Heoforwic. wses J>ses cynges fyrde hindan set Ceaster
forda. and J>ser mycel wsel geslogon. Da wearS se cyning swa gram
]> he wolde eft infyrdian. and jjone card mid ealle fordon. pa
NorS hymbra witan ^ ongeaton. |?a forlseton hi Hyryc and wrS
Eadred cyning gebeton J>a dsede.
952. Her on j?yssum geare het Eadred cyning gebringan Wul-
stan arcebiscop in ludanbyrig on J>sem fsestenne. for};sem he wses
oft to J>am cyninge forwreged. and on Jjyssum geare eac het se
cyning ofslean mycel wsell on J>sere byrig Deotforda. on ]?ses abbodes
wrece Eadelmes. ]?e hi ser ofslogon.
a 956. Her wses Dunstan abb' fram wintre. B. c.
Edwie cinge adriuen ut of Engla 1 This Anlaf is distinct from the two
lande. F. mentioned on pp. 116, 117. In the
b and Eadgar cing wearj> setter him Annals of Ulster (Rerum Hiber. Scrip-
ouer eal Brytene. F. agfter ge on tores Ed. O'Conor, vol. iv) he appears
West Seaxum ge on Myrcum ge on as Amlaibh Cuaran, under the years
Norft hymbrum. and he waes J?a xvi 944, 946.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 119
hymbraland him to gewealde. and Scottas him aftas sworon
p hi eall wolden 'p he wolde.
949. Her com Anlaf Cwiran on NorShymbra land l .
952. Her NorShymbre fordrifan Anlaf cyning. and under
fengon Yric Haroldes sunu.
954. Her NorShymbre fordrifon Yric. and ^Edred feng to
NoriShymbra rice.
955. Her ^Edred cyning forSferde. and feng Eadwig to
rice Eadmundes sunu.
956. Her forSferde Wulstan arcb'.
959. Her Eadwig cyning forbTerde. and feng Eadgar his
broiSor to rice.
" On his dagum hit godode georne. and God Tempore
him geufte -p he wunode on sibbe )?a hwile ]?e he
leofode. and he dyde swa him J?earf wes. earnode
bes georne. He arerde Godes lof wide, and Godes quamdiu viveret
stutus pacis in
lage lufode. and folces frrS bette swrSost ]?ara nuiio sit i^sus.
i ! ii i Sine bello omnia
cymnga ]?e ser him gewurde be manna gemyiide. sui juris Cust0 di.
and God him eac fylste cyningas and eorlas ^ ^e
georne him tobugon. and wurden under |>eodde exwbebat,
, , , Uei ubique erige-
to J?am J?e he wolde. and butan gefeohte eal he bat, legem Dei m-
gewilde J?et he sy If wolde. He wear^S wide geond t ur,
feodland swi^e geweor^ad. forj>am \Q he weorS
ode Godes naman georne. and Godes lage smeade subject secun-
dum Deum et sae-
oft and gelome. and Godes lof rserde wide and cuium sapienter
side, and wislice rasdde oftost asimle for Gode consulebat - (]
and for worulde eall his J>eode. Ane misdseda
(D) 954. Her NorS hymbre fordrifon Yric. and Eadred feng to NorS
hyrabra rice. Her Wulfstan arcebiscop onfeng eft biscop rices on
Dorceceastre.
955. . . ("K) . . Frome. and he rest on Ealdanmynstere. And Ead-
wig feng toWestSeaxena rice, and Eadgar his bro|?or feng toMyrcena
rice, and hi wseron Eadmundes suna cyninges and See ^Elfgyfe.
957. Her forSferde Wulfstan arcebiscop on xvii kl' lanuar. and
he waes bebyrged on Undelan. And on )>am ylcan geare wses Dun-
stan abb' adrsefed ofer see.
958. Her on )>issum geare Oda arcebiscop totwsemde Eadwi cyning
and ^Elgyfe. for]?a?m ]>e hi wseron to gesybbe.
120
THE PARKER MS.
961. Her gewat Odo arceb'. and See Dunstanfeng to arceb'rice.
962. Her forftferde ^Elfgar cinges meeg on Defenum
and his lie rest on Wiltune. Snd Sigferft cyning
hine offeoll. and his lie ligft set Wimburnan. ^oid
)?a on geare waes swifte micel mancwealm. and se
micela manbryne waes on Lundene. and Paules myn-
ster forbarn. and Jy ilcan geare wear$ eft gesta}?elad.
On )?ys ilcan geare for Ttyelmod meessepreost to
Rome and ]?ser forftferde. xviii kl' Septemb'.
963. Her forSferde Wulfstan diacon. on Cilda
maessedaege. and aefter J>on forftferde Gyric maesse
preost.
On f>ys ilcan geare feng !S)?elvvold abbod to ]?aein
bisceop rice to Wintan ceastre. and hine mon gehal-
gode IN UIGILIA Sci SNDREE. wses sunnan dseg on daeg.
1 This, No. 8. of the Peterborough
Record, contains the Revival of that
Abbey, after a long eclipse. No. 7.
told of its ruin by the Danes, An. 870,
the year in which they slew " Edmund
King and Martyr," and in the period
when their ravages were most exten-
sive and desolating. All the Religious
establishments North of the Thames
perished ; and before a time of renewal
came about, their lands had found other
proprietors. But Aftelwold, Bishop of
Winchester, succeeded in reviving the
old foundation of Medeshamstede, and
in recovering its ancient possessions,
immunities, and privileges.
Important writings, we are told, were
found in the old wall. This is enough
to set criticism on the alert as to the
soundness of the antecedent history.
But here a new chapter opens. The
eclat of the present movement, and
the ensuing prosperity of Burch, are
well described by Gunton ( Hist, of the
Church of Peterb. 1686) :
"The Monastery thus re-edified, King
Edgar desirous to see it went thither,
with Dumtane then Archbishop of
Canterbury, and Oswald Archbishop
of York, attended also with most of
the Nobility and Clergy of England,
who all approved and applauded both
the place and work. But when King
Edgar heard that some Charters and
Writings, which some Monks had se-
cured from the fury of the Danes, were
found, he desired to see them, and
having read the priviledges of this
place, that he had a second Rome
within his own kingdom, he wept for
joy : And in the presence of that As-
sembly he confirmed their former pri-
viledges and possessions ; the King,
Nobles, and Clergy offering large obla-
tions, some of lands, some of gold and
silver. At this glorious assembly the
name of the place was changed from
Medeshamsted to Bwgh ; and by rea-
son of the fair building, pleasant situa-
tion, large priviledges, rich possessions,
plenty of gold and silver, which this
Monastery was endowed withal, there
was an addition to the name, as to be
called Gildenburgh, though in reference
to the dedication it hath ever since been
known by the name of Pet&rburgh"
THE LAUD MS. (E) 121
be clyde J?eah toswrSe f he setyeodige unsida
lufode. and hseftene )?eawas innan J?ysan lande
gebrohte tofseste. and utlsendisce hider intihte.
and deoriende leoda be speon to )?ysan earde. Ac
God him geunue ^ his gode dseda swyftran
wearftan J?onne misdseda. his sawle to ge scyldnesse
on langsuman sy$e."
^^' "^ er ^ ram Eadgar cyning to iSe biscopdome on
Wintanceastra wes gecoren See Aftelwold. And ]?e arc-
biscop of Cantwarbyrig See Dunstan him gehalgod to biscop
on J?e fyrste sunnondseg of Aduent. ty wees on iii Id' Decemb'.
On ]?es oiSer gear syJ?J?on he wses gehalgod. J?a makode he
feola minstra. and draf lit ]?a clerca of )?e biscop rice. for]?an
j? hi noldon nan regul healden. and ssetta J?ser muneca.
He macode j?ser twa abbot rice, an of muneca o$er of nunna.
p wses call wi^ innan Wintanceastra. Sy^^an J?a com he
to se cyng Eadgar. bed him ]?et he scolde him giuen ealle j?a
minstre J?a ha3^ene men hsefden ser tobrocon. for^i )?et he
hit wolde geeadnewion. and se kyng hit blij?elice ty^ode.
And se biscop com J>a fyrst to Elig. }>33r See ^EfteldrvS li^.
and leot macen ]?one mynstre. geaf hit J>a his an munac
Brihtno^$ waes gehaten. halgode him ]?a abbot, and ssette
J?ser munecas Gode to ]?ewian. |?8er hwilon wseron nun. bohte
J>a feola cotlif set se king, and macode hit swyfte rice.
1 Sy&Son com se biscop Aftelwold to J>8ere mynstre J?e wa3s
gehaten Medeshamstede. fte hwilon wses for don fra heiSene
folce. ne fand )?ser nan ]?mg buton ealde weallas and wilde
wuda. fand )?a hidde in )?a ealde wealle writes f>et Headda
abb' heafde ser gewriton. hu Wulfhere kyng and ^Ei5elred
his broftor hit heafden wroht. and hu hi hit freodon wi^
king and wr3 b' and wi$ ealle weoruld ]?eudom. and hu se
papa Agatho hit feostnode mid his write, and se arcb' Deus-
dedit. Leot wircen ]?a -p mynstre. and ssette J?ser abbot
se wa3S gehaten Aldulf. macede J?ser munecas )?83r ser ne wses
nan J>ing. Com ]?a to }>e cyng. and leot him locon J?a ge
write J?e ser waeron gefunden. and se kyng andswerode J?a
and cwed.
Ic ./Edgar geate and gife to dsei to foren Gode and to foren
]?one serceV Dunstan freodom See Petres mynstre Medes-
hamstede of kyng and of b'. and ealle J?a j?orpes )?e iSaerto
R
THE LAUD MS. (E)
lin. -p is ^Estfeld. and Dodes thorp, and Ege. and Pastun.
And swa ic hit freo ]?et nan biscop ne haue )?ser nane hsese.
buton se abbot of ]?one minstre. And ic gife )?one tun ]?e
man cleopaft Vndela. mid eall ]?et )>sertolr3. ^ is )?et man
cleopeft Eahte hundred, and market and toll, swa freolice
ty ne king ne V ne eorl ne scyrreue ne haue ]?8er nane
haese. ne nan man buton se abbot ane and ]?am J?e he ]?8er to
saet. And ic gife Crist and See Peter, and ]?urh J?es V bene
Aftelwold. J?as land. ^ is Barwe. Wermingtun. J^sctun. Keter-
ing. Castra. EgleswurSe. Waltun.WrSringtun. Ege. Thorp, and
an myneter in Stanford. Das land and ealla J?a oSre ]?e
lin into ]>e mynstre j?a cwede ic scyr. ]?[et is] saca and socne.
toll and team and infangenj?ef. pas rihting and ealle o$re 3a
cweiSe ic scyr Crist and S. Peter' 2 . And ic gife ]?a twa dsel of
Witlesmere mid watres and mid waeres and feonnes. and
swa )?urh Merelade on an to 'p wseter ty man cleope'S
Nen. and swa eastweard to Cyngesdself. And ic wille ty
markete beo in J>e selue tun. and ^ nan o]?er ne betwix
year ; and it was presided over jointly
by the Bishop and the Ealdorman. Ac-
cording to the terms of this document,
no Bishop or Ealdorman could sit within
the Royalty of Burch ; the Abbot and
his Society would have the power all in
their own hands. The Latin copy has
the following near the close : " Hanc
igitur totius Abbatise tarn in longinquis
quam proximis possessionibus regificam
libertatem ab omnibus approbatam, ex-
cepta modo rata expeditione et pontis
arcisve restauratione, satagimus per ip-
sum devotissimum hujus descriptionis
auctorem Athelwoldum k sede aposto-
lic& Romanse ecclesiae, juxta primitivam
ejusdem monasterii institutionem, per-
petub corroborare." It is remarkable
in connection with this claim, that in
the Latin Chronicle of Peterborough
(Ed. Sparke), one of the many descend-
ants of this Chronicle, Saxulf the first
Abbot is styled Comes at the opening
of the work. This title comprehended
(at the date of the writer) all the tem-
poral rights here specified; and looks
like an attempt to ground them upon
hereditary proprietorship.
On the constitution of the scir there
is a chapter in Kemble's " Saxons in
England" (book i. c. 3) which contains
much rare information. On the terms
Sac and Socu, Toll and Team, and In-
fangenthef, cf. Intr. to Cod. Dipl. p. xlv.
2 "These lands and all the others
which belong to the minster do I de-
clare to be a sMre; viz., (with) Sac
and Soon, Toll and Team, and In-
fangentlief. These rights and all
others grant I to be the shire of Christ
and St. Peter." The Latin charter is
given in Dugdale (No. ix) and in Cod.
Dipl. No. 575, where it is marked by
Mr. Kemble as spurious. The passage
which corresponds to the above stands
thus : " Sint ergo tarn istse villse quam
ceterse omnes quse ad ipsutn monaste-
rium pertinet, cum universis rebus et
rationibus suis, et totum quod appella-
tur Saca et Socne, ab omni regali jure
et ab omni seculari jugo in seternum
liberae, et in magnis et in minimis, in
silvis campis pascuis pratis paludibus
venationibus, omnimodis mercationi-
bus, theloneis, omnium rerum procu-
rationibus Dei beneficio provenienti-
bus." These terms convey to the
Abbot and Monks a complete territo-
rial jurisdiction within their extensive
domains. Not only were they to enjoy
that independence of episcopal authority
which religious houses commonly had ;
but further, there was to be no Ealdor-
man or scirgerefa (scirreue in the
text, sheriff) exercising jurisdiction
within their bounds.
The business of the scyr was trans-
acted in the scyrgemot, held twice a
THE LAUD MS. (E)
Stanford and Huntaiidune. And ic wille J?et Jnis be gifen
se toll, fyrst fra Wytles insere call to J>e cinges toll of Norft-
mannes cros hundred, and eft ongeanward fra Witlesmsere
J?urh Merelade on an to Nen. and swaswa -f wseter reon-
neiS to Crulande. and fra Crulande to Must, and fra Must
to Cynges dself and to Witles msere. And ic wille -p ealle
)?a freodom and ealle ]?a forgiuenesse )?e mine forgengles
geafen )?et hit stande. and ic write and feostuige mid Cristes
rodetacne. -(-.
Da andswerade se arcebiscop Dunstan of Cantwarbyrig
and sseide. Ic ty$e -p ealle ]?a J?ing J?e her is gifen and
sprecon. and ealle )?a }>ing J?e Jnn forgengles and min geattou.
J?a wille ic j? hit stande. and swa hwa swa hit tobrecoft. J?a
gife ic him Godes curs and ealra halgan and ealre hadede
heafde and min. buton he cume to dsedbote. And ic gife
to cnawlece See Peter min messe hacel and min stol and
min rsef Criste to J?euwiah. Ic Oswald arcebiscop of Eofer
wic geate ealle J?as worde J?urh J?a halgorode ]?et Crist wses
onj>rowod. -[- Ic Aftelwold biscop blsetsige ealle )?e J?is
healdon. and ic amansumie ealle )?e )?is tobnecon. buton he
cume to dsedbote. Her wses ^Elfstan biscop. A]?ulf V. and
Escwi abbot, and Osgar abb', and ^Eftelgar abb', and ^Elfere
ealdorman. ^E^elwine ealdorman. Brihtno]?. Oslac ealdorman.
and feola oftre rice men. and ealle hit geatton. and ealle hit
writen mid Cristes msel. + Dis wses ge don sy33on ure
Drihtnes acennediiesse dcccclxxii. ]?es kinges xvi gear.
Da bohte se abbot Aldulf landes feola and manega. and lie <wlfo
godede ]?a ^ mynstre swifte mid ealle. and wses J?8er J?a swa
lange ^ se arcebiscop Oswald of Eoforwic wses foriSgewiton.
and man cses him )?a to erceb ; . And man cses )?a sona oiSer
abbot of J?e sylfe mynstre. KENULF wees gehaten. se wses
sy (SiSon biscop in Wiiitan ceastre. And he macode fyrst ]?a
wealle abutan ]?one mynstre. geaf hit J?a to nama Burch. ]?e
tmpo0ttum ser het Medeshamstede. wses J?ser swa lange "p man sette him
to biscop on Wintan ceastre. pa cses man o^er abbot of J?e
silue minstre. ]?e wses gehaten ^Elfsi. se JElfsi waas ]?a abbot
sy&Son fiftig wintre. He nam lip Sea Kyneburh and S.'&rgPj&car'
Kynesui^ )?e laegen in Castra. and S. Tibba J?e lasi in Rihala.
and brohte heom to Burch. and offrede heom call S. Peter
on an dsei. and heold J>a hwile ]?e he J?ser wses.
R 2
124 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
964. Her draefde Eadgar cyng )?a preostas on
Ceastre of Ealdanmynstre. and of Niwan mynstre.
and of Ceortes ige. and of Middel tune, and sette hy
mid munecan. and he sette JE]?elgar abbod to Niwan
mynstre to abbode. and Ordbirht to Ceortes ige. and
Cyneweard to Middel tune.
971. Her forftferde Eadmund ae^eling. and his lie
li$ set Rumesige.
973. Her Eadgar waes * Engla waldend *
cor$re imicelre * to cyninge gehalgod
on ftsere ealdan byrig Scemannes ceastre.
111 eac hi igbuend * oftre worde beornas *
Baftan nemna)?. pasr waas blis micel *
on J?am eadgan daege eallum geworden
}?onne ni^abearn nemna'S and ciga'S-
Pentecostenes dgeg. paer waes preosta heap *
micel muneca 'Sreat mine gefrege
gleawra gegaderod. and $a agangen waes *
tyn hund wintra geteled rimes
fram gebyrdtide bremes cyninges-
leohta hyrdes buton ftaer tolafe-
n j>a agan wees winter ge teles * f>aes ^e gewritu secgaft
seofon and twentig. swa neah waes sigora frean*
$usend aurnen 'Sajja 'Sis gelamp.
!Snd him Eadmundes eafora haefde
nigon and xx * niftweorca heard *
wintra onworulde J?is geworden waes *
and f>a on "Sam xxx * waes 8eoden gehalgod.
975. Her geendode * eor$an dreamas
Eadgar Engla cyning. ceas him ofter leoht
wlitig and wynsum and J?is wace forlet *
lif J?is laene. Nemna'S leoda beam
men on moldan * ]?aene mona'S gehwaer
in ftisse e^eltyrf. J?a)?e ser waeran
1 mycclum B. C. m eac hie egbuend B. C. hie buend A.
n a get wses B. C. *a >is B. * i. e. ^IfSrytJe : cf. Flor.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 125
964. Hie expulsi suiit canonic! de veteri monasterio.
966. Her pored Gunneres sunu forhergode West moringa
land, and Jn ilcan geare Oslac feng to ealdordorae.
969. Her on ]?issum geare Eadgar cyng het oferhergian
call Tenet land.
970. Her forSferde Eadmund sej?eling.
972. Her wses Eadgar ej?eling gehalgod to cyninge on
Pentecoste msessedsei on v id' Mai. )?e xiii geare ]?e he to
rice feng. set HatabaiSum. and he wses J?a ana wana xxx
wintra. and sona sefter J>am se cyng geleadde ealle his scip
here to Lsegeceastre. and J?ser him comon ongean vi cyningas.
and ealle wr$ trywsodon "p hi woldon efenwyrhton beon on
sse and on lande.
975. Her Eadgar gefor
Angla reccent
WestSeaxena wine
and Myrcene mundbora.
CuiS wses J?et wide
geond feola J?eoda'
p aferan Eadraund
ofer ganetes ba$
Cyningas hine wide
wor'Sodon side*
bugon to cyninge
swa wses him gecynde.
Nses se flota swa rang-
ne se here swa strang.
^ on Angel cynne
ses him gefetede.
J?a hwile J?e se aefela cyning
cynestol gerehte.
D. 965. Her on Jjissura geare Eadgar cyning genam *^Elfy^e him
to cwene. heo wses Ordgares dohtor ealdormannes.
B. 971. Her forSferde Oskytel arcebisceop. se wses serest to Dorke-
ceastre to leod bisceope gehalgod. and eft to Eoferwic ceastre be
Eadredes cinges unnan and ealra his witena. ^ he waes to
sercebisceope gehalgod. and he wses xxii wintra bisceop. and he
forSferde on ealra halgena msesseniht x nihton ser Martines msessan.
set Tame. And purkytel abb' his mseg ferede j>ses bisceopes lie to
Bedanforda. for^an ]>e he wses ))ser ^a abbud on ^one timan.
126 THE PARKER MS. (H)
on rimcraefte rihte getogene.
lulius monoS * ^ se geonga gewat
Pon J?one eahteSan daeg * Eadgar of life
beorna beahgyfa. 'Knd feng his beam sy$San
to cynerice cild unweaxen*
eorla ealdor ]?am waes Eadweard nama.
!Snd him tirfaest heeled * tyn nihtum aer
of Brytene gewat bisceop se goda
J?urh gecyndne craeft "Sam wees Cyneweard nama.
Da waes on Myrceon mine gefraege
wide and wel hwaer Waldendes lof *
afylled on foldan. fela wear^ todraefed
gleawra Godesfteowa. j5 waes gnornung micel
]?arn]?e on breostum waeg byrnende lufan
Metodes on mode. J)a waes Maer^afruma *
to swifte forsewen*! Sigora waldend*
rodera Raedend. pa man his riht tobraec.
and J>a wear^ eac adraefed deormod haele^
Oslac of earde ofer y*Sa gevvealc 1 "
ofer ganotes bae^S. gamolfeax haele'S 8
wis and wordsnotor. ofer waetera gearing *
ofer hwaeles e'Sel * ham a bereafod.
'Knd ]?a wear's aetywed uppe on roderum *
steorra on sta'Sole J?one sti'SferhJ^e
haele'S higegleawe hata"S wide
cometa be naman craeft glea we men *
wise so'Sboran*. Waes geond wer^eode
Waldendes wracu wide gefrege *
hunger ofer hrusan * ^ eft heofonaWeard
gebette Brego engla * geaf eft blisse *
gehwaem egbuendra J?urh eor'Sanwestm.
978. Her weai^S Eadweard cyning of slegen. on {?ii
ylcan geare feng jESelred ae'Seling his bro'Sor to rice.
P eahto^an B. C. eahtateoiSan A. i forsawen B. C. r gewalc B. C.
gomol B. C. woftboran B. C.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 127
And her Eadward Eadgares sunu feng to rice, and J?a
sona on }?am ilcan geare on herfeste seteowde cometa se
steorra. and com J?a on ]?am eaftran geare swrSe mycel
hunger, and swySe maenig fealde styrunga geond Angel cyn.
* and ^Elfere ealdorman het towurpon swyftemanig munuc
lif ]?e Eadgar cyng het ser J?one halgan biscop Aftelwold
ge staftelian.* and on J?am timan wses eac Oslac se msera eorl
geutod of Angel cynne.
978. Her on ]?issum geare ealle J?a yldestan Angel cynnes
witan gefeollan set Calne of anre upfloran. butan se halgau
Dunstan arcebiscop ana set stod uppon anum beame. and
sume ]?ser swrSe gebrocode wseron. and sume hit ne 1 ge
dygdan mid J?am life.
D. 975. . . . * On his dagum
for his iugofte
Godes wibaersacan
Godes lage brsecon-
^Elfere ealdorman
and obre manega*
and munuc regol myrdon'
and mynstra tostsencton*
and munecas todrsefdon*
and Godes J?eowas fesedon*
\>e Eadgar kyning het ser-
J>one halgan biscop
AJ?aelwold gestalian.
and wydewan bestryptan'
oft and gelome 1
and fela unrihta-
and yfelra unlaga*
arysan up siStan.
and aa aafter >am-
hit yfelode swi^Se.*
B. 076. Her wses se micla hungor on Angel cynne.
1)77' Her wses ^ myccle gemot set Kyrtlirigtune. ofer Eastron.
and baer forSferde Sideman bisceop. on hraedlican deabe. on ii kl*
Mai. se wees Defna scire bisceop. and he wilnode ^ his lie rsest
sceolde beon set Cridiantune. a3t his bisceop stole, pa het Eadweard
cing. and Dunstan arcebisceop. f hine man ferede to Sea Marian
mynstre. f is set Abbandune. and man eac swa dyde. and he is
eac arwyrblice bebyrged on ba nor&healfe on Scs Paulas portice.
C.978. . .(2?). . And he wses on bam ylcan geare to cinge gehalgod.
On bam geare forSferde Alfwold se wses bisceop on Dorssetum. and
his lie lift on bam mynstre set Scire burnan.
1 nyge dydon D. gebohtan F. Here ends MS. B.
128 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
983. Her forSferde JElfhere ealdorman.
(C) 979. On Jjys geare wses ^Ej?elred to cininge gehalgod. on }>one
sunnan deeig feowertyne niht ofer Eastron. set Cinges tune, and ]>ser
wseron set his halgunge twegen ercebisceopas. and tyn leodbisceopas.
Py ilcan geare wees gesewen blodig wolcen on oft siSas. on fyres
gelicnesse. and f wses swy^ost on middeniht ojjywed. and swa on
mistlice beamas wses gehiwod. ]?onne hit dagian wolde. |>ofi to
glad hit.
980. Her on jjys geare. wses JEJ>elgar abbod to bisceope gehalgod.
on vi Nonas Mai. to j?am bisceop stole set Seolesigge. And on J>am
ylcan geare wses Sut> hamtun forhergod fram scip herige. and seo
burh waru msest ofslegen and gehseft. And J>y ilcan geare wses
Tenet land gehergod. And ]>y ilcan geare wses Legeceaster scir
gehergod fram NorSscipherige.
981. Her on }>is geare wses See Petroces stow forhergod. and j>y
ilcan geare wses micel hearm gedon gehwser be J?am sseriman.
segj>er ge on Defenum ge on Wealum. And on J>am ylcan geare
forSferde ^Ifstan bisceop on Wiltunscire. and his lie lift on |>am
mynstre set Abbandune. and Wulfgar feng ]?a to Sam bisceopdome.
And on J>am ylcan geare forSferde Womser. abbod on Gent.
982. Her on )>ys geare comon upp on Dorssetum iii scypu wicinga.
and hergodon on Portlande. py ilcan geare forbarn Lundenbyrig.'
and on J>am ylcan geare for^ferdon twegen ealdormenn. ^Ej>elmser
on Hamtun scire and Eadwine on Su^Seaxum. and yEJjelmseres lie
li^ on Wintan ceastre on Niwan mynstre. and Eadwines on J?am
mynstre set Abbandune. pses ylcan geares forSferdon twa abbod-
essan on Dorsaetum. Herelufu on Sceaftes byrig and Wulfwin on
Werham. And ]?y ilcan geare for Odda Romana casere to Grec
lande. and ]>a gemette he |>aKa Sarcena mycele fyrde cuman up of
sse. and woldon ]m faran on hergo^ on }>set Cristene folc. And j>a
gefeaht se casere wr& hi. and {jasr wses micel wsel geslaegen on
gehwse|>ere hand, and se casere ahte wsel stovve geweald. and
hwse^ere he )>ser wses miclum geswenced ser he J>anon hwurfe. and
J>a he hamweard for. }>a forSferde his bro]?or sunu. se wses haten
Odda. and he wses Leodulfes sunu se]?elinges. and se Leodulf wses
jjses ealdan Oddan sunu and Eadweardes cininges dohtor sunu.
983. Her forSferde ^Elfhere ealdorman. and feng yElfric to J?am
ilcan ealdordom scipe. And Benedictus pp' forj>ferde.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 129
979. Her waes Eadward cyng ofslagen 2 on sefentide set
Corfes geate on xv k' Apr. and hine man bebyrigde set
Wserham butan selcum cynelicum wurSscipe.
Ne wearS Angel cynne nan waersa deed gedon*
J?onne }?eos wses'
sy&Son hi serest- Bry ton land gesohton.
Men hine ofmyrSrodon*
ac God hine msersode.
He wses on life- eorSlic cing-
he is nu sefter dea$e* heofonlic sanct.
Hine nolden his eorSlican
magas wrecan'
ac hine hafa^ his heofonlica fseder 1
swi^e gewrecen.
pa eorSlican banan- woldon his gemynd-
on erSan adilgian-
Ac se uplica Wrecend- hafaiS his gemynd-
on heofenum and on eorftan to breed.
pa J?e nolden ser 1
to his libbendum lichaman onbugan-
J?a nu eadmodlice-
on cneowum abuga^- to his daedum banum.
Nu we magon ongytan-
$ manna wisdom-
and smeagunga-
and heore raBdas-
syndon nahtlice
ongean Godes ge]?eaht.
And her feng ^E^elred to rice, and he wses sefter ]?am swiiSe
hrsedlice mid mycclum gefean Angel cynnes witon ge halgod
to cyninge set Cyningestun.
980. Her on }?isum geare 3 JElfere ealdorman gefette J?es
halgan cyninges 4 lichaman set Wserham. and geferode hine
mid mycclum wurSscipe to Scaeftes byrig.
981. Her comon serest J?a vii scipu and gehergoden
Hamtun.
983. Her forSferde ^Elfere ealdorman. and feng ^Elfric to
J?am ilcan ealdordome.
2 at Corf geate F. 3 F has S. Dunstan and ^Elfere.
4 F has S. Eadwardes lichama.
130 THE PARKER MS.
984. Her forftferde se wellwillenda bisceop ^el-
wold, and seo halgung J>ses sefter filgendan bisceopes
JElfheages. sefte o$ran naman wses geciged Godwine.
wses xiiii kl' No. and he gesset ]?on bisceop stol an
J?ara twegra apostola dsege Simonis and ludse. on
Wintan ceastre.
(C) 984. Her forSferde Abelwold b' on kl' Agustus.
985. Her wses ^Elfric ealdorman ut adrsefed of earde. And on
bam ilcan geare wses Eadwine to abbode gehalgod to bam mynstre
set Abbandune.
986. Her se cyning fordyde $ b'rice set Hrofe ceastre. Her com
serest se micla yrfcwealm on Angel cyn.
988. Her wajs Wecedport geheregod. and Goda se Defenisca
begen ofslagen. and mycel wsel mid him. Her gefor Dunstan arcb'.
and JEKelgar b' feng sefter him to arcestole. and he lytle hwile sefter
bsem lyfode. butan i gear and iii monbas.
990. Her Sigeric wses gehalgod to arceb'. And Eadwine abb'
forbYerde. and Wulfgar abb' feng to bam rice.
991. Her wses Gypeswic gehergod. and sefter bon. swrSe ra'Se.
wses Brihtno'S ealdorman ofslegen set Mseldune. And on bam geare
man gersedde f rnan geald serest gafol Denescum rnannum. for
Sam miclan brogan be hi worhton be ftam sse riman. ]> waes serest
x Susend p. bsene rsed gersedde serest Syric arceb'.
992. Her Oswald se haliga arceb' forlet bis lif. and geferde
heofenlice. and ^Ebelwine ealdorman gefor on bam ilcan geare. Da
gersedde se cyning and ealle his witan fy man gegadrede ealle ^a
scipu be ahtes wseron to Lunden byrig. And se cyning ba betsehte
ba fyrde to Isedenne ^Elfrice ealdorman. and Dorede eorlle. and
^Elfstane b'. and -^Escwige b'. and sceoldon cunnian meahton hv
bone here ahwser utan betrepan. Da sende se ealdorman ./Elfric.
and het warnian Sone here, and ba on Ssere nihte be hy on Sone
dseig togsedere fon sceoldan. ba sceoc he on niht fram bsere fyrde.
him sylfum to myclum bysmore. and se here fta setbserst butan an
scyp ^ser man ofsloh. And ba gemette se here a scypu of East
Englum and of Lundene. and hi 'Sser ofgeslogan micel wsel. and ^
scyp genaman eall gewsepnod and gewsedod f se ealdorman on
wses. And Sa sefter Oswaldes arceb' forftsibe. feng Ealdulf abb' to
Eoferwic stole, and to Wigerna ceastre. and Kenulf to 'Sam abbud
rice set Biiruh.
F. 992. Her Oswold se ediga arb' for"Sferde. and Eadulf abbud feng to
Euerwic and to Wigorceastre. And her geraedde se cing and ealle his witan
^ man gegaderode ealle $a scipa }>e ahtes waeran to Lunden byri. to $an \>
man scolde fandian gif man mihte betraeppan J?ane here ah war wi^utan. Ac
jSjlfric ealderman. an of J^am )>a se cyng hsefde msest truwe to. het gewarnian
iSone here, and on ^are nihte $a hi scolde anmorgen togsedere cuman. se sylfa
^Elfric scoc fram 'Sare fyrde. and se here $a aetbserst.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 131
984. Her forSferde se halga biscop 5 Aftelwold muneca<Oyj&c3U>!)el[
fseder. and her waes Eadwine to abb' gehalgod to Abban-
dune.
985. Her ^Elfric ealdorman wees utadraefed.
986. Her se cyning fordyde J?et biscop rice set Hrofeceastre.
And her com serest se myccla yrfcwalm on Angel cyn.
987. Her Wecedport wes gehergod 6 .
988. Her wses Goda se Dse[fe]nisca J?segn ofslagen and
mycel wsel mid him. and her Dunstan se halga arcb' forlet )?is
lif. and geferde ^ heofonlice. And ^EiSelgar b'7 feng sefter
him to arcb' stol and he litle hwile sefter )?am leofode. butan
an gear and iii monSas.
989. Her ^Edwine abb' forSferde. and feng Wulfgar to.
and her Siric wses gehadod to arceV.
991. Her wses Gr[ypes]wic gehergod. and sefter J?am swrSe
ra$e waes Brihtnoft 8 ealdorman of slsegen set Mseldune. and
on J?am geare man gersedde ty man geald serest gafol
Deniscan mannum. for )?am mycclan brogan 9 ]?e hi worhtan
be )?am sseriman. ty wses serest x J>usend punda. faane rsed
gersedde Siric arceb*.
992. Her Oswald se eadiga arceb' forlet )?is lif. and ge
ferde -j? heofonlice. and ^E^elwine ealdorman ge for on j?am
ilcan geare. Da gersedde se cyng and ealle his witan ^
man ge gaderode )?a scipu )?e ahtes waeron to Lunden byrig.
and se cyng ]?a be tsehte ]?a fyrde to Isedene Ealfrice ealdor
man. and porode eorl. and ^Elfstane b\ and ^Escwige b'. and
sceoldan cunnian gif hi muhton J?one here ahwser utene
betrasppen. Da sende se ealdorman ^Elfric. and het warnian
]?one here, and )?a on ]?ere nihte %e hi on iSone dsei togsedere
comon sceoldon. $a sceoc he on niht fram J?sere fyrde him
sylfum to mycclum bismore. and se here j>a set bserst. buton
an scip fser man ofsloh. and )>a gemsette se here i$a scipu
of EastEnglum and of Lunden. and hi ftser ofslogon mycel
wsel. and p scip ge namon call ge wsepnod and ge wsedod ]?e
se ealdorman on wses. And $a sefter Oswaldes arcb' for^
siiSe. feng Ealdulf abb' of Burch to Eoferwic stole and to
Wigeraceastre. and Kenulf to ]?am abbot rice set Burch.
5 of Wincestre F. 6 for bsernd F. 7 abbod on Niwe mynstre F.
8 Byrihtnoft D. 9 for -San wundran Jxe &c. F. of Burch only in E.
s 2
THE PARKER MS.
993. Her on 'Sissum geare com Unlaf mid J?rim
and hund nigentigon scipum to Stane. and forher-
gedon ^ on ytan. and for fta 'Sanon to Sandwic. and
swa $anon to Gipeswic. and j? eall ofereode. and swa
to Maeldune. !Snd him ]?8er com togeanes Byrhtnoft
ealdorman mid his fyrde. and him wi'S gefeaht. and
hy J>on ealdorman J?aer ofslogon. and wselstowe ge
weald ahtan. ?nd him man nam sy$$an fri'S wi8.
and hine nam se cing sy'&'San to bisceopes handa.
'Surh Sirices lare Cantwarebiscpes. and ^Elfeages Wincsestre b'.
(C) 993. Her on y\s geare wses Bebbanburuh abrocen. and mycel
herehyj>e 'Sser genumen. And sefter }>am com to Humbran muj>an
se here, and 8ser mycel yfel worhton. seg)>er ge on Lindes ige ge on
NorS hymbran. Da gegaderede man swrSe micle fyrde. and |>a hi
to gsedere gan sceoldon. J>a onstealdan J>a heretogan serest |>one
fleam. ^ wses Frsena. and Godwine. and Fry]>egyst. On jjyssum geare
het se cyning ablendan ^Elfgar. -^Elfrices sunu ealdormannes.
994. Her on 'Sissum geare com Anlaf and Swegen to Lunden
byrig. on Natiuitas Scee Marise. mid iiii and hund nigontigum
scypum. and hi ^a on J>a buruh faestlice feohtende wseron. and eac hi
mid fyre ontendon woldan. Ac hi J)8er geferdon maran hearm and
yfel J>onne hi sefre wendon. f him senig buruhwaru gedon sceolde.
Ac seo halige Codes modor. on }>am dsege. hire mildheortnesse J>sere
buruh ware gecydde. and hi ahredde wi^ heora feondum. And
hi ]janone ferdon. and worhton ^ mseste yfel 'Se sefre seni here
gedon meahte on baernette and heregunge and on manslyhtum.
8egj?er ge be 'Sam saeriman and on EastSeaxum and on Kentlande
and on Su'SSeaxum and on Hamtunscire. And set neaxtan namon
him hors. and ridon him swa wide swa hi woldan. and unasecgend-
lice yfel wyrcgende wseron. Da gersedde se cyning and his witan.
jj him man to sende. and him behet gafol and metsunge. wrS J?on
^e hi }>sere heregunge geswicon. and hi 'Sa underfengon. And
com j>a eall se here to Hamtune. and ^aer winter setl namon. and hi
mon jjser fedde geond eall WestSeaxena rice, and him mon geald
feos xvi 'Susend p. Da sende se cyning sefter Anlafe cynge
^Elfeah b' and ^ESelweard ealdorman. and man gislude ]?a hwile
into )>am scipum. and hi Sa leeddon Anlaf mid miclum wur^scipe to
]?am cyninge to Andeferan. And se cyning ^E]?elred his onfeng set
bisceopes handa. and him cynelice gifode. And him J?a Anlaf behet.
swa he hit eac geleeste. f he nsefre eft to Angel cynne mid unfrrSe
cuman nolde.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 133
993. Her on ftissum geare wses Bsebbanburh tobrocon.
and mycel heremrSe J?ser genumen. and sefter J?am com to
Humbranmufte se here, and J?ser mycel yfel gewrohtan
segfter ge on Lindesige ge on NorShymbran. pa gegaderode
man swrSe mycele fyrde. and }?a hi to gsedere gan sceoldan.
j?a on stealdon J?a heretogan serest J?one fleam. ^ wses Frsena.
and Godwine. and FrrSegist. On j?ysum ilcan geare het se
cyng ablendan ^Elfgar JElfrices sunu ealdormannes.
994. Her on ]?isum geare com Anlaf and Swegen to Lun-
denbyrig on Nativitas see Marie mid iiii and hundnigon-
tigum scipum. and hi $a on iSa burh festlice feohtende wseron.
and eac hi mid fyre ontendan woldon. ac hi J?ar ge feordon
maran hearm and yfel ]?onne hi aefre wendon. }? heom senig
burhwaru gedon sceolde. Ac se halige Godes modor on
ftam hire mildheortnisse J?sere burhware gecy^de. and hi
ahredde wi3 heora feondum. and hi j?anon ferdon. and
wrohton ^ maeste yfel ]>e sefre senig here don mihte on
bsernette and hergunge and on manslihtum seg^er be 3am
saeriman on EastSeaxum arid on Centlande and on SirS
Seaxum and on Hamtunscire. and set nyxtan naman heom
hors. and ridon swa wide swa hi woldon. and un asecgendlice
yfel wirceude waeron. pa geraedde se cyng and his witan ^
him man to sende. and him gafol behete and metsunge
wiS J>on J?e hi J?sere hergunge ge swicon. and hi )?a )?et under
fengon. and com J?a call se here to Hamtune. and J?ser winter
setle namon. and hi man J?ser fsedde geond call West Seaxna
rice, and him man geald xvi Jmsend punda. pa sende se
cyng setter Anlafe cyninge. JElfeach V and ^E/Selward eald-
orman. and man gislade ]?a hwile in to ]?am scipum. and hi
j>a Iseddan Anlaf mid mycclum wurSscipe to J>am cynge to
Andeferan. and se cyng ^Eftelred his anfeng set biscopes
handa. and him cynelice gifode. and him )?a Anlaf behet swa
he hit eac gelseste. -p he nsefre eft to Angel cynne mid unfrrSe
cumon nolde.
Hie Ricardus vetus obiit. et Eicardus filius ejus suscepit
regnum. et regnavit xxxi an.
134 THE PARKER MS. (S)
994. Her for'Sferde Sigeric arcebiscop. and feng
^Elfric Wiltunscire bisceop to 8am arcebiscop rice.
(C) 995. Her on bissum geare seteowde cometa se steorra. and Sigeric
arceb' forSferde.
996. Her on ^issum geare waes ^Elfric gehalgod to arceb' to
Cristescyrican.
997- Her on bissum geare ferde se here abutan Defenan scire
into Seefern muSan. and bser heregodon segfter ge on Cornwealum
and on NorSWealum and on Defenum. and eodon him ba up set
Wecedport. and bser micel yfel worhton on bsernette and on man-
slihtura. And Defter bam wendon eft abutan PenwiS steort on ba
suS healfe. and wendon ba into Tamer mu^an. and eodon ba up 08
hi comon to Hlydan forda. and selc bing bserndon and slogon be hi
gemitton. and Ordulfes mynster set Tsefingstoc forbserndon. and
unasecgendlic herehy'Se mid him to scypon brohton.
998. Her wende se here eft eastweard into From mu'San. and beer
aeghwser up eodon swa wide swa hi woldon into Dorsseton. And
man oft fyrde ongean hi gaderede. ac sona swa hi togsedere gan
sceoldan. }>on wearS J>ser sefre ^uruh sum ]>ing fleam astiht. and
sefre hi set ende sige ahton. And jxm o$re hwile lagon him on
Wihtlande. and aeton him )>a hwile of Hamtunscire and of SuS
Seaxum.
999. Her com se here eft abutan into Temese. and wendon |>a up
andlang Medwsegan and to Hrofeceastre. And com j?a seo Centisce
fyrd |>ar ongean. and hi Sa Ipser faeste togsedere fengon. ac wala )> hi
tora^e bugon and flugon. And j?aDeniscan ahton weelstowe geweald.
and namon }>a hors. and ridan swa hwider swa hi sylf woldon. and
forneah ealle WestKentingas fordydon and forheregodon. Da rsedde
se cyning wiS his witan. ty man sceolde mid scyp fyrde. and eac
mid land fyrde. hym ongean faran. Ac Jm 8a scipu gearwe wseron.
J?a ylcodan |>a deman fram dsege to dsege. and swencte }> earme
folc -f on ^am scipon Iseg. and a swa hit for^werdre beon sceolde
swa wees hit Isetre fram anre tide to oSre. and a hi leton heora
feonda werod wexan. and a man rymde fram )>sere sse. and hi foron
sefre forS eefter. And )>onne aet 8am ende. ne beheold hit nan jjing
seo scypfyrding. ne seo land fyrdin.g. buton folcesgeswinc and feos
spylling and heora feonda forS bylding.
F. 996. Her was Wulstan gehadod to b' into Lundenb'i.
997. Her ^Elfric arb' ferde to Rome aefter his arce pallium.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 135
995. Her on )?issum geare seteowde cometa se steorra. and
Siric arch' forSferde.
996. Her on jnssum geare wses ^Elfric ge halgod to arcb'e
to Xpescyrcean.
997. Her on )?issum geare ferde se here abutan Defnan
scire in to Ssefern mirSon. and J?ser gehergodon segfter on
Cornwealum ge on NorSwalum. and on Defenan. and eodon
him J?a up set Wecedport. and J?ser mycel yfel wrohtan on
bsernette. and on rnanslihtum. and sefter J?am wendon eft
abutan 8 Penwiht steort on 'Sa suiShealfe. and wendon ]?a in to
TamermuiSan. and eodon J?a lip o$ ^ hi comon to Hlidafordja.
and selc)?ing bserndon and slogon ty hi gemetton. and Ordulfes
mynster set Tefing stoce forbserndon. and un asecgendlice here
hufte mid him to scipa brohtan.
998. Her gewende se here eft eastweard into Frommuftan.
and J?ser seghwser up eodon swa wide swa hi woldan into
Dorseetan. and man oft fyrde ongean hi ge gaderode. ac sona
swa hi to gsedere gan sceoldan. )?onne wearS J?8er sefre J?urh
sum |?ing fleam astiht. and sefre hi set ende sige ahton. and
J?onne oftre hwile lagen heom on Wihtlande. and eoton heom 9
]?a hwile of Hamtun scire. and of Su^seaxum.
999. Her com se here eft abuton into Temese. and wendon
J?a up andlang Medewaegan to Hrofe ceastre. and com J?a seo
Centisce fyrde )?ser ongean. and hi )?aer faaste to gedere feng-
on. ac wala 1 ty hi to hra^e bugon. and flugon. forjwm )?e hi
nsefdon fultum ]?e hi habban sceoldan. J?a ahton J?a Dseniscan
wselstowe ge weald, and naman J?a hors 2 . and ridan swa wide
swa hi woldon sylf. and 3 fornseh ealle weast Centingas for-
dydon. and forhergodan. Da raedde se cyng wr3 his witan
^ man sceolde mid scip fyrde. and eac mid land fyrde him
ongean faran. ac fta J?ascipu gearwe waeron. |?a elkede man 4
fram dsege to daege. and swencte ^ earme folc )?e on 'Sam
scipon lagon. and a swa hit forSwearde beon scolde. swa hit
laetre wses fram anre tyde to oftre. and a hi leton heora
feonda wserod wexan. and a" man rymde fram J?sere sse. and
hi ferdon sefre forS a3fter. and J?onne set J?am ende ne be
heold hit nan ]?ing seo scipfyrding. buton folces ge swine,
and feos spilling, and heora feonda forSbylding.
8 Penwsed D. 9 Isegon him . . . seton him D. 1 wala wa D.
2 horsan D. 3 welueah call WestCfent F. 4 ilkede man D.
136 THE PARKER MS. (S)
1001. Her on fysum geare woes micel unfri'S on
TCngel cynnes londe ]?urh scip here, and wel gehwser
hergedon and bserndon. swa ^ hy upp asetton on senne
s\]>. ty hy coman to ^E]?elinga dene, and }?a com J?ser
to geanes Hamtun scir. and him wi$gefuhton. and
ftser wear$ ^E]?elweard cinges heah gerefa ofslegen.
and Leofric set Hwitciricean. and Leofwine cinges
heah gerefa. and Wulfhere bisceopes ftegn. and God-
wine set Wor$ige. ^Elfsiges bisceopes sunu. and ealra
manna an and hund eahtatig. and J?ser wear8 f>ara
Denescra micle ma ofslegenra. J^eah'Se hie wselstowe
ge weald ah tan. 'Knd foran $a J?anon west oJ>J?set hy
cornan to Defenan. and him f>aer togeanes com Pallig.
mid J?an scipan "Se he gegaderian mihte. forf>am )?e he
asceacen wses fram ^.^elrede cyncge ofer ealle Sa ge
tryw^a 'Se he him geseald hsefde. and eac se cyng
him wel gegifod hsefde on hamon. and on golde and
seolfre. and forbserndon Tegntun. and eac fela o8ra
godra hama J>e we genemnan ne cunnan. and heom
man sy'S'San ]?3er fri*S wi'Snam. !Snd hy foran J>a
]?anon to Exan mu"San. swa J) hy asettan him upp on
senne si"S o^ hy coman to Peon ho. and J?aer wses
Kola 'Saes cyninges heah gerefa. and Eadsige J?ses
cynincges gerefa. togeanes him mid ftaere fyrde 'Se
hy gegaderian mihtan. and hy "Seer aflymede wurdon.
and ftaer wear's fela ofslegenra. and $a Deniscean
ahtan wsel stowe geweald. and "Sees on mergen for-
bserndon f>one ham set Peon ho. and set Glistune. and
eac fela godra hama J?e we genemnan na cunnan. and
foran $a eft east ongean o$ hy coman to Wiht. Snd
J?ses on mergen forbserndon 8one ham set Wealtham.
and O&ra COtHfa fela. and heom man ra\>e \><es wtf>\>ingode. and hy
namon frtiS.
MS. A. closes here, and has not the latter entries of S.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 137
1000. Her on $issum geare se cyng ferde in to 3 Cumer
lande. and hit swi$e neah call forhergode. and his scipu
wendon lit abuton Legceastre. and sceoldan cumon ongean
hine. ac hi ne mihton. )?a gehergodon hi Msenige.
And seo unfrrSflotawses )?ses sumeres ge wend toEicardes 6 rice.
1001. Her com se here to Exanmu^an. and up $a eodan
to iSere byrig. and j?ser fsestlice feohtende weeron. ac him
man swrSe fsestlice wrSstod. and heardlice. Da ge wendon
hi geond ty land, and dydon call swa hi bewuna wseron.
slogon and beorndon. pa gesomnode man J?ser ormsete fyrde
of Defenisces folces. and Sumorssetisces. and hi "Sa tosomne
comon set Peonnho. and sona swa hi togsedere fengon. J?a
beah seo Englisce fyrd. and hi J?ser mycel wa?l of slogon. and
ridan |?a ofer j? land, and wses sefre heora seftra syiS wyrse
J>onne se aerra. and mid him J?a mycele here hu$e to scipon
brohton. and J>anon wendon in Wihtland. and ]?ser him ferdon
on buton swa swa hi sylf woldon. and him nan J>ing ne wr3
stod. ne him to ne dorste sciphere on see. ne land fyrd. ne
eodon hi swa feor up. Wses hit J?a on selce wisan hefig tyma.
forftam ]?e hi naafre heora yfeles geswicon.
1002. Her on ]?issum geare se cyng gersedde and his
witan. -p man sceolde gafol gyldon j?am flotan. and friiS wi^5
hi ge niman wr$ ]?on ]?e hi heora yfeles ge swican sceoldan.
Da sende se cyng to ]?am flotan Leofsig ealdorman. and he
J?a ]?8es cynges worde and his witena griiS wiiS hi ge sa3tte.
and ]>et hi to metsunge fengon and to gafle. and hi J?a f
under fengon. and him man j?a geald xxiiii J?usend punda.
Da on gemang J?ysum of sloh Leofsig ealdorman Mftc J?ses
cynges heah ge refan. and se cyng hine $a ge utode of earde.
And j>a on )?am ilcan lengtene com seo hlsefdige Ricardes
dohtor" hider to lande. On iSam ilcan sumera Ealdulf arcb'
foriSferde. and on ftam geare se cyng het ofslean ealle ^5a
Deniscan men ]?e on Angel cynne waeron on 8 Bricius messe
djpg. for]?on J?am cynge wses gecydd )? hi woldon hine be
syrewian y set his life, and syfrSan ealle his witan. and habban
syjrSan his rice 1 .
s Cumber D. 8 S. Britius F.
6 Rikerdes D. 9 syrwan C. syrewan D. syrwian F.
1 Ymma ^Elfgiua adds F. Emma 1 butan selcre wi'Scwe'Senessearfc/sF.
Saxonice ^Elfgiva vocata. (Plor.)
138 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
1005. Her /Elfricus arceb' forSferde.
1006. Her mann halgode ^Elfehg to arcebiscope.
1017
i* the next year
in 'K.
F. 1003. Her was Execiester abrocen far anes Frencisces ceorles ftingan
Hugo hatte. ftone sehlsefdige hefde geset togerefan. and se here }>a burh
mid ealle fordyde. Da gegaderade man swyj?e mycele fyrde and J?a scolde
^Elfric ealderman Isedan >a fyrde. ac he teh for)' his ealdan wrencas. Sona
swa hi waeran swa gehende ~^> aeg)?er heora on oj?er hawede. i$a gebrsede he
hine to spiwenne and cwaed $ he seoc waere. and swa " folc beswac. Da
Swegen geseah p hi anraed naeron. 'Sa Isedde his here into Wiltune. and J?one
tun forbaerndan. and eodan J>a to Searbyrig and )>anon seft to sae.
Hie destructa e Exonia ppt' quenda Francigena noe Hugonem, que regina
p'positu fee' : et cong'gatus e magn' exercit' cont' eos, que videlicet Alfric' dux
ducere debebat. Sed du ventu e ubi uterque exercit' sese invice aspiciunt,
dux Alfric' fingit se infirmu et sic decep' exercitu. Cum aut' Suan' videret
exercitu Anglor' esse inconstantem, duxit usq' Wiltonia exercitu suu et co-
busserunt ea et sic processer't usq' Selesb'i, indeq' ad naves suas.
1004. Her co Swegen mid his flotan to Nor]?wic. and >a burh eall forhere-
godan and forbsernde. ^Sa gereadde Ulfcytel wi'S )>a witan on EastEnglu ^
man scolde fri'Sian wi'S 'Sonne here, far^an hi unwaeres coman. na he fyrst
naefde ^ he his fyrde gegaderian mihte. Ac under fta gri"Se bestael se here up
of scipan. and foran to Heortfordan. and Ufcytel gegaderode his here and for
sefter and hi j?ar togaedere faestlice fengan. ^ar was EastEngla folces yld mycel
Hie venit Swan' cu navib' suis ad Norftwic et tota civitate dep'davit igneq'
cremavit. Tune Ulfcytel consiliu cep' cu p'ncipib' Orientalium Anglor' eo
quod improvise sup' eos venirent, et exercit' subito cong'gari n' potuit ; pace
facere cu Suano. Cu aut' inducie date accepteque essent, furtive hostes exier't
de navib', et perrexer't usq' Heortford. Quos insecutus ide Ulfcytel cu exer-
citu p'venit usq' ad illos ; et comisit cu eis fortiter. Ibi occisi s't optimi qq'
senior' p'ncipu Orientaliu.
1005.. Her on >yssu geare waes se mycla hungar geond Saxonu Angel cynn
swylce nan man aer negemunde swa grine. and se flota J?aes geares gewende of
"Sysu earde to Denmearcan. and sona angean cyrde.
Hie facta e fames valida in Anglia q'anta nuq' antea facta est in t'ra ilia.
Eod' anno exercit' Danor' rev'sus est in Denmarca ab Anglia, et post n' multu
teporis regressus e.
2 buruh C. fon sceoldon.
3 And on J>am ilcan geare eode se 7 C. D. add >aet hi nsefre wyrsan
here up into Wiltunscire insert C. D. handplegan on Angel cynne ne gemit-
4 werd C. D. 5 becyrde C. D. ton. j?onne Ulfcytel him tobrohte.
6 C. D. insert )>set hi >aer to geedere 8 gearde C.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 139
1003. Her wses Eaxeceaster abrocen J?urh J?one Frenciscan
ceorl Hugon ]?e seo hlefdige heafde hire ge sett to ge refan.
aud se here J?a burh' 2 mid ealle fordyde. and mycele herehufte
j?ser ge namen. 3 Da ge gaderode man swrSe mycele fyrde of
Wiltun scire and of Hamtun scire. and swrSe anrsedlice wr3
J?ses heres weard 4 wseron. Da sceolde se ealdorman ^Elfric
isedan J?a fyrde. ac he teah for$ J?a his ealdan wrenceas. Sona
swa hi wseron swa gehende )?et segfter heora on oiSer hawede.
J?a ge breed he hine seocne. and ongan hine brecan to spiw-
enne. and cweiS J?et he ge siclod wsere. and swa ty folc
beswac 5 ^ he Isedan sceolde swa hit ge cweiSen is. )onn
se heretoga waca% ]>onn bti& call se here swffie ge kindred.
Da Swegen geseah ty hi anrsede nseron and ealle tohwurfon.
J>a Isedde he his here into Wiltune. and hi 3a burh' 2 geher-
godon and forbserndon. and eodon )?a to Searbyrig. aud )?anon
eft to sse. ferde J^ser he wiste his y$ hengestas.
1004. Her com Swegen mid his flotan to NorSwic. and j?a
burh ealle gehergade. and forbaerndon. pa gersedde Ulfkytel
wi^ J?a witan on EastEnglum. "p him ba3tere weron ^ man
wr3 |?one here frizes ceapode. ser hi to mycelne hearm on
J?am earde gedydon. for]?am ]?e hi unwares comon. and he
fyrst nsefde ty he his fyrde ge gadrian mihte. Da under )?am
gri^e )?e heom be tweonan beon sceolde. J?a be steal se here
up fram scipon. and wendan heora fore to peodforda. Da
Ulfcytel -p under geat. ]?a seonde he -p man sceolde J>a scipu
toheawan. ac hi abruiSon J?a ^e he to]?ohte. and he J?a ge
gaderode his fyrde diglice swa he swyiSost muhte. And se
here com ]?a to peodforda binnon iii wuca J?ses )?e hi ser
gehergodon NoriSwic. and J?ser binnon ane niht wseron. and
J?a burh hergodon and forbserndon. J?a on morgen J?a hi to
scipu woldon. J?a com Ulfcytel mid his werode. 6 and hi ]?aer
togsedere feastlice fengon. and mycel wsel j>ser on segftsere
hand gefeoll. Dser wserS EastEngla folces seo yld ofslagen.
ac gif }?et full msegen J?sere wsere. ne eodan hi nsefre eft to
scipon. swa hi sylfe ssedon7.
1005. Her on J>yssum geare waas se mycla hungor geond
Angel cynn swilce nan man ser ne ge munde swa grimne. and
se flota j?aes geares gewende of Jnssum earde 8 to Deenemearcon.
and litelne fyrst let J?et he eft ne com.
1006. Her forSferde J^lfric arceb'. and ^Elfeah biscop feng
T 2
140 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. ioo6)sefter him to $am serce stole, and Brihtwold b ; feng to )?am
rice 3 on Wiltunscire. and Wulfgeate wses call his are ofge
numen 1 . and Wulfeah and Ufegeat wseron ablende. and
^Elfelm ealdorman wearS of slagen. and Kenulf biscop foriS-
ferde. And |?a ofer ]?one raidne sumor com )?a se Denisca
flota to Sandwic. and dydon eall swa hi aer ge wuna wseron.
hergodon and bserndon. and slogon swa swa hi ferdon. pa het.
se cyng abannan ut ealne iSeodscipe of Westseaxum. and of
Myrcean. and hi lagon ute }>a ealne J?one herfest on fyrdinge
ongean J?one here, ac hit naht ne beheold ]?ema ]?e hit oftor
ser dyde. ac for eallum J>issum se here ferde swa he sylf
wolde. and se fyrdinge dyde J?sere land leode aelcne hearm.
j?et him naiSor ne dohte ne inn here 5 ne uthere.
Da hit winter leohte 6 ]?a ferde se fyrd ham. and se here com
]?a ofer Martinus messan to his fry^ stole to Wihtlande. and
tilode him J?ser seghwer ]?8es i$e hi behofdan. and J?a to iSam
middan wintran eodon heom to heora garwan feorme ut Jmrh
Hamtunscire intoBarrucscire toRsedingan.and hi dydon heora
gewuna. atendon heora ?beacna swa swa hi ferdon. and ferdon
]?a to Wealingaforda. and J>et eall forspeldon 8 . and wsendon
him J?a andlang jEscesdune Cwicchelmes hlsewe gesohton.
)?et hi nsefre to sae gdn ne sceoldan. wendon ]?a oiSres wseges
hamweard. pa wses );aer fyrd gesomnod set Cynetan. and hi
fser togsedere fengon. and sona ]?et wserod on fleame ge
brohtan. and sy&San hyra herehuiSe to see fseredon. J?ser
mihton geseon Winceastre leodan rancne here and unearhne.
p hi be hyra gate to sse eodon. and msete and madmas ofer L
mila him fram sse fsettan.
pa wses se cyng ge wend ofer Temese into Scrobbesbyrig
scire. and nam )?8er his feorme in J?sere middewintres tide.
J?a wearS hit swa mycel sege fram )?am here. J?et man ne
mihte ge)?eoncean ne asmsegian hu man of earde hi ge
3 b' stole F. episcopatnm Serberien- C. D. runs thus : and waeron him \>&
sem F. Lat. ane niht set Ceolesige. and wendon him
4 And on >am ilcan geare waesWulf- f>a iandlang ^Escesdune to Cwicelmes
geate eall his ar ongenumen C. D. hlsewe. and }>8er onbidedon beotra
5 inghere C. gylp a - forj'on oft man cw8e"S. gif hi
6 Isehte C. D. leahte F. Cwicelmes hlsew gesohton. >set hi nsefre
7 herebeacen C. herebeacna D. to see gan ne scoldon. wendon him J>a
forswaeldon C. forswselldon I). oiSres weges hamwerd.
forbernde F. The subsequent passage in
THE LAUD MS. (E) 141
bringon sceolde. o&Se j?isne card wrS hi gehealdan. forj?an
}>e hi hsefdon selce scire on WestSexum strSe gemarcod
mid bryne and mid hergunge. Agan se cyng georne to
smeagenne wiiS his witan hwet heom eallum rsedlicost
fmhte. ^ man ]?isum earde gebeorgan 9 mihte ser he mid
ealle fordon wurSe. Da gersedde seo cyng and his witan
eallum ]?eodscipe to j>earfe. ]?eah hit laiS wsere. ^ man nyde
moste }>am [here] gafol gyldan. Da sende se cyng to J>am
here, and him cyj?au het ^ he wolde ty heom grrS betweonan
beon sceolde. and him man gafol and metsunge syllan sceolde.
and hi $a ealle f under fengon. and him man metsod geond
Angelcyn.
1007. Her on iSissum geare wees )?et gafol gelsest J>am un-
frrSehere. j? wses xxx )?usend punda. And on ftissurn geare
eac wses ^Edric gesett to ealdorman on Myrcena rice 1 .
1008. Her be bead se cyng $ man sceolde ofer call Angel
cynn scipu feastlice wircean. -p is J?onne [of] ]?rym hund
hidum. and of x hidon senne scegiS 2 . and of viii hidum helm
and byrnan.
1009. Her on J?issum geare ge wurdon J?a scipu gearwe ]>e
we a3r ymbe sprsecou. and heora wses swa feala swa naefre ser
J?es $e us bee secga^ on Angel cynne ne ge wurdon on
nanes cynges dseg. and hi man J?a ealle togaedere ferode to
Sandwic. and J?ser 3 sceoldan licgan. and j>isne card healdan
wi^ selcne uthere. 4 ac we gyt na3fdon J?a gesel^a. ne ]?one
wurSscipe ^ seo scip fyrd nytt wsere ^isum earde. J?e ma J?e
heo oftor ser wass.
Da ge wear^S hit on J?isum ilcan timan o'SiSe litle ser J?et
Brihtric Eadrices broker ealdormannes forwregde Wulfno^
cild J?one Suftseaxscian 5 to ]?am cyning. and he J?a utge
wende. and him J>a to aspeon J?et he heafde xx scipa.
and he j>a hergode aaghwer be ftam su^riman. and aalc
yfel wrohton. J?a cydde man into J?sere scipfyrde. J?et 6 hi
mann ea'Se befaran mihte. gif man ymbe beon wolde 7. Da
9 gebeorghan C. 4 ac hit to nahte gewearft ealswa hit
1 D. adds Her for ./Elfeah bisceop oftor ser gelamp F.
to Rome after pallium. 5 F. inserts Godwines feeder eorles.
2 scoegft D. Cf. Flor. 1008. 6 hy man aeafte D.
3 scoldon ^>is land werian wi^S eelcne 7 gif man embe wsere C.
uthere F.
THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. ioo9)genam se Brihtric him to hundeahtatig scipa. and J?ohte
ty he him myceles wordes wircean sceolde. -p he Wulfnoft
cuconne oftfte deadne begytan sceolde 8 . ac ]?a hi ]?yderweard
waeron. J>a com him swilc wind ongean swilce nan mann ser
ne ge munde. and J?a scipo fta ealle to beot. and to j?rsesc.
and on land wearp 9 . and com se Wulfnoft sona. and fta scipo
forbsernde. ] Ba J?is cuft wses to iSam oft rum scipon j?aer
se cyng wses hu fta oftre geferdon. waes J>a swilc hit call
raedleas wsere. and ferde se cyng him ham. and j>a ealdor
menn. and J?a heahwitan. and forleton )?a scipo J>us leohtlice.
and J>et folc ]?a j?e on ftam scipe wseron fsercodon 2 fta scipo
eft toLundene. and leton ealles fteodscipes geswincg J?us
leohtlice forwurftan. and nses se 8 ege na betera j?e eall Angel
cynn tohopode.
pa $eos scipfyrd $us geendod waes. );a com sona sefter
4 hlammessan se ungemetlica unfrifthere 5 to Sandwic. and
sona wendon heora fore to Cantwar byrig. and j?a burh rafte
geeodon. gif hi ]>e raftor to him frizes to'ne girndon 6 . and
ealle EastCentingas wiiS )?one here friiS genamon. and him
gesealdon iii ]?usend punda.
7 And se here ]?a sona sefter j?am gewende abuton oft }>et hi
comon to Wihtlande. and |?8er aeghwer on SirSseaxum. and oh
Hamtunscire. and eac on Bearrucscire hergodon and bserndon
swa heora gewuna waesf. )?a het se cyng abannan ut ealne
]?eodscipe ]?et mann on selce healfe wr$ hi gehealdeii sceolde.
ac }>eahhweftere hi ferdon loc hu hi woldon. pa sum sr5e
heafde se cyng hi fore began mid ealre fyrde. ]?a hi to
scipan woldon. and eall folc gearu wses heom on to fonne.
8 Da wolde Brihtric geearnian him 3 se sige C. D. and nses . . . hopode
hereword. and nam fta LXXX scipa for'S not in F.
mid him. and ftohte ft he wolde Wul- 4 lafmsessan C. D.
no^ gelseccan cucene o'S'Se deadne F. 5 J>e we heton Durkilles here in C
Tune cogitavit Brihtricus adquirere sibi only,
laudem &c. F. Lot. 6 and 'Sa buruli ra^Se geeodon. gif hi
9 awearp C. fte hraftor to him frizes ne gyrndon C.
1 Da >is J>us cu^ wsss C. Da ftis 1 This and the next paragraph not
gehyrde se cing "Se mid )>an o^Sran in F.
scipan beliuen was. J>a ferde he ham. f swa hiora gewuna is C. swa heora
and ealle fta ealdermen F. gewuna is D.
2 fercodon C. D. F. loca C. D.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 143
ac hit wses "Sa furh Eadric ealdorman gelet swa hit fa 1
sefre wses.
Da sefter scs Martinus nisessan. fa ferdon hi eft ongean to
Cent, and namon him winter settl on Temesan. and lifedon' 2
of EastSeaxum. and of $am scirum fe fsernyxt wseron
on twam healfe Temese. and oft hi on fa burh Lundene
gefuhton. Ac si Gode lof. fet heo gyt gesuiid stent. and hi
fser aefre yfel ge ferdon.
Da sefter middan wintra hi namon fa senne upgang lit
f urh Oiltern. and swa to Oxneforda. and fa burh forbaerndon.
and namon hit fa on twa healfe Temese to scipan weard 3
fa gewarnode 4 man hi ty fser wses fyrd set Lundene on
gean. 5 hi gewendon fa ofer set Stane. and fus ferdon ealne
f one winter and ftone lencten wseron him on Cent, and bettan
heora scipa.
1010. Her on iSissum geare com se fore sprecenda here
ofer Eastron to Englum. and wendon up set Gipeswic. and
eodon 6 anreces f ser hi ge axodon Ulfcytel mid his fyrde. Dis
wses on fam dseg prima ascensio Dni. and j?a sona flugon
EastEngla. J?a stod 7 Grantabrycg scir fsestlice ongean. faer
wses of slsegen ^E^elstan ]?es cynges aiSurn. and Oswi and his
sunu. and Wulfric Leofwines sunu. and Eadwig ^Efices bro-
iSor. and feala oiSra godra J>egna. and folces ungerim. )?one
fleam serest astealde purcytel Myranheafod. and J>a Dseniscan
ahton waelstowe ge weald, and j?ger wurdon gehorsode. and
syftfton ahton EastEngle ge weald, and J?one eard iii monj?as
hergodon and baerndon. ge fur^on 8 on ]?a wildan fennas hi
ferdon. and menn and 9 yrfe hi slogon. and bserndon geond fa
feonnas. and peodford forbserndon. and Grantabrycge. and
sy&Son wendon eft sirSweard into Temese. and ridon J?a
gehorsedan menn ongean fa scipo. and syftfton hrsedlice
wendon westweard on Oxnaford scire. and fanon to Bucing-
hamscire. and swa andlang Usan. o$ hi comon to Bedanforda
1 swa hit gyt sefre wses C. n. hi gewendan ouer at F.
^ lifdon him of EastSeaxum C. D. 6 anreces C. D. anan )>ar F.
3 to scypeweard C. D. and naman 7 Grantebrige ana F.
J>a to scipan weard F. 8 fyr'Son C.
4 gehwarnede D. 9 O rf ofslogan eal t hi to comon F.
5 wendon him J?a ofer set C. D. and
144 THE LAUD MS. (E)
and swa forS o$ Temesau ford, and a baerndon swa hi ge
ferdon. wendon J?a eft to scipon mid heora herehuSe.
And J^one 1 hi to scipon streddon. J?onne sceolde fyrd ut eft
ongean ty hi up woldon. )?onne ferde seo fyrd ham. and J?onne
hi wseron be easton. J?onne heold man fyrde be westan. and
)?onne hi wseron be suSan. )?onne waes ure fyrd be norSan.
Donne bead man ealle witan to cynge. and man )?onne rsedan
scolde hu man j>isne card werian sceolde. Ac J?eah man
hwset ]?onfi rsedde. ^ ne stod furSon senne monaS. set nyxtan
nses nan heafodman -p fyrde gaderian wolde. ac selc fleah
swa he msest myhte. Ne furSon nan scir uolde o$re gelaestan
set nyxtan.
pa setforan scs Andreas msessan. $a com sehere to
Hamtune. and ]?one port sona forbserndon. and ]?8er namon
abuton swa mycel swa hi woldon sylfe. and ]?anon wendon
ofer Temese into WestSeaxum. and swa wiiS Caningan
msersces. and -p call forbserndon. pa hi swa feor gegan
haefdon swa hi )>a woldon. ]?a comon hi to Sam middan wintra
to scipon.
1011. Her on )?issum geare sende se cyng and his witan to
Sam here, and georndon frizes, and him gafol and metsunga
behetan. wrS ]?am J?e hi heora hergunga geswicon.
Hi heafdon ]?a ofergan EastEngla i. and EastSeaxe ii. and
MiddelSeaxe iii. and Oxenafordscire iiii. and Grantabrycge
scire v. and Heortford scire vi. and Bucingaham scire vii. and
Bedanford scire viii. and healfe Huntadun scire x. and be
suSan Temese ealle Centingas. and Sir$ Seaxe. and Haestingas.
and SuSrig. and Bearruc scire. and Hamtun scire. and micel
on Wiltun scire.
C. 1011. Her on J>issum geare sende se cyning and his witan to
Sam here, and gyrndon frizes, and him gafol and metsunge beheton.
witl ]?am 'Se hi hiora hergunge geswicon.
Hi heefdon )>a ofergan i EastEngle. and ii EastSexe. and iii Middel
Sexe. and iv Oxenafordscire. and v Grantabric scire. and vi Heort
ford scire. and vii Buccingaham scire. and viii Bede ford scire. and ix
healfe Huntadun scire. and x micel on Hamtun scire. and be su]?an
Temese. ealle Kentingas. and SuSSexe. and Hsesting. and SuSrige.
and Bearrocscire. and Hamtun scire. and micel on Wiltun scire.
1 >onne C. D.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 145
Ealle J?as ungesselSa us gelumpon j?urh unrsedes. f mann(A.D. ion)
nolde him to timan gafol bedan. ac ]?onn hi msest to yfele
ge don haefdon. ]?onn nam man grr$ and fri^ wrS hi. and
naiSelses for eallum ]?isum grifte and frr$e and gafole. hi
ferdon seghwider folcmselum. and hergodon. and ure earme
folc raepton and slogon.
And on jnssum geare betwix Natiuit' see Marie and see
Michaeles rasessan hi ymbessetan Cantwaraburh. and hi ]?8er
into comon J?urh syrewrenceas. forj?on *Elmaer hi becyrde
Cantwaraburh 2 }>e se arcb' ^Elfeah ser generede his life. And
hi ]?a3r J>a ge uaman J>on arcb' ^Elfeah. and ^Elfword J?aes cyuges
gerefan.and Leofwine abb'. and Godwine b'. And^Elmser abb'
hi Isetan aweg. and hi )?8er genaman inne ealle ]?a gehadode
menn. and weras. and wif. "p wjes un asecgendlic senigum
menn hu mycel J?aes folces wses. and on J?sere byrig si^^on
wseron swa lange swa hi woldon. and )?a hi hsefdon ]?a burh
ealle asmeade. wendon him J?a to scipon. and laeddon J?ofi
arcb' mid him.
" Wses ^a rseplinsr. se be ser wses Angel Tunc fuit P r * da
_ * rum, qui paulo ante fuit
" cynnes heafod and Xpendomes. baer man caput totius Brytannije &
.. ., n x Xp'ntatis. Potuit tune
" raihte )?a geseon earm'Se ]?8er man eer ge maxima misena videri,
(C) Ealle )>as ungesseVSa us gelumpon J>uruh unrsedas. )> man nolde
him atiman gafol beodon. o]>J>e wi^ gefeohtan. ac. J>oii hi meest to
yfele gedon hsefdon. ]>oii nam mon frr& and gri^ wi^ hi. And na
}>e Ises for eallum ]>issiim gri^e and gafole. hi ferdon seghweder floe
maelum. and heregodon ure earme folc. and hi rypton and slogon.
And \>a on tSissum geare betweox Natiuitas scse Marise and see
Michaeles msessan hi ymbsseton Cantwareburuh. and hi into coman
jmruh syruwrencas. for^an ^Elmser hi becyrde. J>e se arceb' ^Elfeah
ser generede aet his life. And hi }>ser ^a genaman ]>one arceb'
^Elfeah. and j'Elfweard cynges gerefan. and Leofrune abb't. and
Godwine b'. And ^Elfmaer abb' hi leton aweg. And hi Seer ge-
namon inne ealle }>a gehadodan men. and weras. and wif. f wses
unasecgendlic senigum men hu micel J?3es folces wses. And on
jjtcre byrig sy]>))an wseron swa lange swa hi woldon. And }>a hi
haefdon J?a buruh ealle asmeade. wendon him j?a to scypan. and
hieddon jxme arceb' mid him.
" Wses $a rsepling. seSe ser wees heafod Angelkynnes and Cristen-
" domes. Dser man mihte ^Sa geseon yrm^e j)ser man oft air geseah
2 Cantwaraburh E only.
U
146 THE LAUD MS, (E)
" seah blisse on bsere aerman byrig. banon uw pndie habebatur ma-
J ' r J ximura gaudium, & unde
" us com aerest Xpendom. and blisse lor nows puiiuiavit fides vera,
" Gode. and for worulde."
And hi heafdon J?on arcb' mid him swalange o$ j?one
timan )?e hi hine ge martyredon.
1012. Her on Jnssum geare com Eadric ealdorman. and
ealle ]?a yldestan witan gehadode and leawede Angel cynnes.
to Lunden byrig to foran J?am Eastron. wses JEsterdseg J?a
on j?am datarum ID' APR', and hi J?sera $a swa lange wseron
oft -p gafol wees call ge Isest ofer Eastran. -p waes viii Jmsend
punda.
pa on J?one Sseternes dseg wearS swrSe ge stired se here
on gean J?one biscop. for]?an )?e he nolde heom nan feoh
behaten. and forbead ^ man nan J?ing wi'S him syllan ne
moste. wseron hi eac swySe druricene. for)?am J?ser wees ge
broht win sudan. genamon J?a )?one b'. leaddon hine to heora
hustinga } on ]?oue Sunnan efen octabas Paschse. and hine |?a
J?ser oftorfodon mid banum. and mid hryftera' 2 heafdum. and
sloh hine J?a an heora mid anre sexeyre 3 on ]?et heafod. J?et he
mid )?am dynte nifter asah. and his halige blod on iSa eoriSan
" blisse. on J>sere earman byrig. ]?anon com serest Cristendom and
" blis for Gode. and for worulde."
And hi hsefdon |>one arceb' mid him swa lange 08 J>sene timan |>e
hi hine gemartiredon.
1012. Her on J>issum geare com Eadric ealdorman. and ealle J>a
yldestan witan gehadode and laewede Angel cynnes. to Lunden byrig
to foran J>am Eastron. |>a wees Easter daeg on J>am dataru Idus
Aprilis. and hi 'Saer ]?a swa lange wseron o)> f gafol eal gelaest wees
ofer $a Eastron. -f wses ehta and feowertig J>usend punda.
Da on Jjsene Saeternes dseg wear^ )>a se here swy^e astyred angean
|)one b'. for)>am Se he nolde him nan feoh behaten. ac he forbead
f man nan J>ing wiS him syllan ne moste. Wseron hi eac swy]?e
druncene. for^am )>ser wses broht win suSan. Genamon J>a ^one b'.
Iseddon hine to hiora hustinge on ^one sunnan sefen. octab' Pasce.
|>a wses xiii kl' Maii. and hine \>&r Sa bysmorlice acwylmdon. oftorf-
edon mid banum. and mid hry}>era heafdum. and sloh hine ^a an
hiora mid anre aexe yre on f heafod. f mid )>am dynte he ny]>er
asah. and his halige blod on )>a eorSan feol. and his haligan sawle
1 hustinge D. hustingse F. in concilium suum. F. Lat.
2 hry^eres F. neata heafedum I). .3 eaxe ere D.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 147
feoll. and his )?a haligan sawle to Godes rice asende. and J?a
biscopas Eadnoft and ./Elf hun. and seo burhwaru under feng-
on ]?one haligan lichaman on mergen and feredon nine to
Lundene mid ealre 4 arwuriSnisse. and nine bebyrigdon on
scs Paulus mynstre. and }?a3r nu God swutelaft )?3es halgan
martires mihta.
Da ]?et gafol gelest wses. and J?a friiSaiSas gesworene. )?a
toferde se here wide swa he 8er gegaderod wses. Da bugon
to J?am cyninge of J?am here xlv scipa. and him beheton
)?et hi woldon )?isne card healdan. and he hi fedan scolde
and scry dan.
1013. On )>am seftran geare )?e se arcV wses gemartyrod.
se cyng gessette Lifing b' to Cantwara byrig to $am arce
stole.
And on J?am ilcan geare toforan )?am monfte August'
com Swegen cyning mid his flotan to Sandwic. and wende
swyfte ra$e abutan EastEnglum. into Humbran muiSan. and
swa uppweard andlang Trentan J?et he com to Gegnesburh.
and j?a sona abeah Uhtred eorl. and call NorShymbra to
him. and call ty folc on Lindesige. and sy&San ]?et folc of
Fif burhingan. and raSe )?3es call here be norftan Wsetlinga
(C) to Godes rice asende. And mon }>one lichaman on mergen ferode
to Lundene. and \>a. bisceopas Eadno}> and ^Elfun. and seo buruh-
waru bine underfengon mid ealre arwurSnysse. and hine bebyrigdon
on see Paules mynstre. and j>ser nu God sutela^ )>ses halgan mar-
tires mihta.
Da ^ gafol gelsest wses. and frrS a|>as asworene waeron. ]>a to
ferde se here wide swa he ser gegaderod wses. Da bugon to |?ani
cynge of 'Sam here fif and feowertig scypa. and him beheton )> hi
woldon (>ysne card healdan. and he hi fedan sceolde and scrydon.
1013. On 8am seftran geare J>e se arceb' wses gemartyrod. se
cyning gesette Lyfinc b' to Cantwara byrig to ftam arcestole.
And on J>isum ilcan geare toforan j>arn mon^e August' com
Swegen cyning rnid his flotan to Sandwic. and wende )>a swi'Se ratte
abutau EastEnglum into Humbramu])an. and swa upweard andlang
Trentan oS he com to Genes bur uh. And j>a sona beah Uhtred eorl
and ealle Nor^hymbre to him. and eal -f folc on Lindesige. and
si<5San $ folc into Fif burhingum. and ra$e J>ses eall here be nor^5an
4 mycelre F.
u 2
148 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1013) strsete. and him man sealde gislas of selcere scire.
he undergeat pet call folc him to ge bogen wees. pa bead he
p man sceolde his here metian and horsian. and he pa ge
wende syftiSan suiSweard mid fulre fyrde. and beteehte his
scipa and pa gislas CNUTE 6 his sunu. and sy$$an he com ofer
Wseclinga strsete. hi wrohton -p mseste yfel pe eenig here don
mihte. wende pa to Oxnaforda. "and seo burhwaru sona
abeah and gislode. and panon to Winceastre. and -p ilce
dydon. wend on pa panon eastward to Lundene. and my eel
his folces adranc on Temese. forSam hi nanre brycge ne
cepton 8 . Da he to psere byrig com. pa nolde seo burhwaru
abugan ac heoldan mid fullan wige ongean. forSan peer wses
inne se cyning vE^elred 9 . and purkil mid him. pa wende
Swegen cyning panon to Wealinga forda. and swa ofer Temese
westweard to BaiSon. and sset pser mid his fyrde. and com
./Epelmer ealdorman pider. and pa weasternan peegnas mid
him. and bugon ealle to Swegene. and gislodon. pa he call l
pus gefaren heafde. wende pa noriSweard to his scipon. and
call peodscipe hine heafde for fullne cyning. and seo burh-
(C) Wseclingastraete. and him man sealde gislas of selcere scire. SySSan
he undergeat -f call folc him to gebogen wees. ba bead he ty man
sceolde his here mettian and horsian. and he Sa wende sybban suft
weard mid fulre fyrde. and betsehte J>a scipu and fta gislas Cnute
his suna. And syfcfcan he com ofer Wsetlinga straete. worhton f
mseste yfel f senig here don mihte. Wende J>a to Oxenaforda.
and seo buruhwaru sona beah and gislude. and J?anon to Winceastre.
and hi )> ylce dydon. Wende }>a J?anon eastward to Lundene. and
mycel his folces adrang on Temese. for Sam J>e hi nanre bricge ne
cepton. Da he to ^sere byrig com. |?a nolde seo burhwaru
bugan. ac heoldan mid fullan wige ongean. forSan pser wees inge
se cyng u^EJjelred. and Durcyl mid him. Da wende Swegen cyng
J?anon to Wealinga for da. and swa ofer Temese westweard to Baj>an.
and seet ^asr mid his fyrde. And com jE]?elmser ealdorman j>yder.
and j?a westenan ]>egenas mid him. and bugon ealle to Swegene. and
hi gisludon. Da he Sus gefaren hsefde. wende ]?a norS weard to his
scipum. and eal ]>eodscype hine hsefde pa for fulne cyng. And seo
6 Cnude F. 9 ac mid fullan wige agean heold.
7 and swa to Winceastre. and ba fla for'San se cing ^EiSelred was ftar inne F.
burh abugan and gislodan. And swa 1 ael D. gislodon. and siSSan sona
he ferde eastward &c. F. eal 'Seod hine fullice underfeng. and
8 quia non curabant queercre pon- heold for fulne cing. and seo burhwaru
tern F. Lat. csepton D. on Lundene abeah to him and gislode.
THE LAUD MS. (E) H9
waru sefter J?am on Lundene beah and gislode. forj?am hi (A. 0.1013)
ondreddon p he hi fordon wolde. bead j?a Swegen full gild
and metsunga to his here J?one winter, and purcyl bead ^
ilce to )?am here ]>e Iseg on Grenawic. and buton )?am hi
hergodan swa oft swa hi woldon. Da ne duhte naftor J?isse
feoda ne suftan ne norSan. ]?a wses se cyng sume hwile mid
]?am flotan j?e on Temese wseron. and seo hlafdige wende J?a
ofer seo to hire broftor Ricarde. and ^Elsige abbot of Burh
mid hire, and se cyng sende ^Elfun V mid )?am sefelinge
Eadwarde and ^Elfrede ofer se. -p he hi bewitan sceolde.
and se cyng ge wende )?a fram J?am flotan to iSam middan
wintra to Wihtlande. and wses )?ser |?a tid. and sefter )?8ere
tide ge wende )?a ofer sse to Ricarde. and wses J?ser mid him
o'Sftone byre )?e Swegen dead weariS.
* And ]?a hwile )?e seo Isefdige mid hire broker wa3s begondon
sae. ^Elfsige abb' of Burh |?e )?8er wa3s mid hire, for to J>one
mynstre J?e is gehaten Boneual J?ser see Florentines lichama
Iseg. fand ]?ser serm stede. serm abbot and aBrrne muneces for]?an
J?e hi forhergode wseron. bohte J>a J?ser set )?one abb' and set
J?e muneces see Florentines lichaman eall buton J?e heafod to
v hundred punda. and J?a J?e he ongean com ]?a offrede hit
Crist and see Peter.
(C) buruhwaru sefter 'Sam on Lundene beah and gislude. forSon hi
ondredon f he hi fordon wolde. Da bead Swegen fulgyld and
metsunge to his here 86ne winter, and Durkyl bead -f ylce to Sam
here ]>e Iseg set Grenawic. and for eallon J>am hi heregodon swa oft
swa hi woldon. Da ne dohte na^er |?isse leode ne sirSan ne nor^an.
Da W38S se cyning ^E])elred sume hwile mid ]>am flotan J>e on
Temese leeg. and seo lilsefdige gewende |>a ofer sse to hire brewer
Ricarde. and ^Elfsige abb' of Buruh mid hire. And se cyning
sende uiElfun b' mid |>am sej)elingum Eadwerde and ^Elfrede ofer
s?e. ^ he hi bewitan sceolde. And se cyning gewende ]?a fram
Sam flotan to J?am middan wintra to Wihtlande. and waes Sser J?a tid.
and sefter ]?aere tide wende ofer Sa sa3 to Ricarde. and wses Sser mid
him oj? |?one byre Swegen wear^ dead.
and se cing ^Egelred sende his cwene sylf ferde sefter. and was J>ar begeondan
^Elfgiue Ymma to hyre broker ofer sae eal "S Swegen wear^ dead. F.
Ricarde. and ^Elsige abb' of Burh mid * This paragraph is peculiar to E,
hyre and ^Elfun b' mid "Sam se'Selingum and may reckon as the ninth piece of
Eadward and yElfrede ouer sse. ^ he hi the domestic Annals of Peterborough
bewitan scolde. and se cing sona him Abbey.
150 THE LAUD MS. (E)
1014. Her on jnssum geare Swegen geendode his dagas to
candel msessan iii no Febr'. and se flota eall ge curon Cnut
to cyninge.
Da ge rseddan J?a witan ealle ge hadode ge laewede ^ man
aefter )?am cyninge ^Ei5elrede sende. and cwsedon -p him
nan leofre hlaford nsere J?onfi heora gecynde 5 hlaford.
gif he hi rihtlicor healdan wolde j?onne he ser dyde.
Da sende se cyng his sunu Eadward mid his serendracan
hider. and het gretan ealne his leodscipe. and cwseft J?set he
heom hold hlaford beon wolde. and selc J?aera J>inga betan J?e
hi ealle ascunedon 6 . and selc )?aera J?inga forgifan beon sceolde
J>e him gedon o&Se gecweften wsere. wr3 J?am }>e hi ealle
anrsedlice buton swicdome to him gecyrdon. and man J?a
fullne freondscipe gefsestnode mid worde and mid wsedde
on segftere healfe. and sefre aelcne Denisce cyning utlagede
of Engla lande ge cwsedon. Da com ^EiSelred cyning irinan
j?am lenctene ham to his agenre iSeode. and he glsedlice fram
heom eallum onfangen waes.
And J?a syS^ori Swegen dead wses. saett Cnut mid his
(C) 1014. Her on |>issum geare Swegen geendode his dagas to
Candel msessan iii n Feb'. And se flota J?a eal gecuron Cnut to
cyninge. ,
Da gerseddon }>a witan ealle J?e on Engla lande wseron ge hadode
and leewede ^ man sefter |>am cyninge vE]?elrede sende. and
cwsedon ]> him nan hlaford leofra nsere |>onne hiora gecynda
hlaford. gif he hi rihtlicor healdan wolde |>oii he ser dyde. Da
sende se cyning his sunu Eadweard hider mid his serenddracum.
and het gretan ealne his leodscype. and cwsefc -f he him hold
hlaford beon wolde. and selc |>sera Singa betan ]>e hi ealle ascunudon.
and selc |>ara Singa f orgy fen beon sceolde }>e him gedon oj>]?e ge-
cweden waere. wr8 |>am ^e hi ealle anrsedlice butan swicdome to him
gecyrdon. And man |>a fulne freondscipe gefsestnode mid worde
and mid wedde on segj>re healfe. and sefre selcne Deniscne cyng litlah
of Engla lande gecwsedon. Da com ^EJ?elred cyning innon 'Sam
Lengtene ham to his agenre j?eode. and he glsedlice fram him eallum
onfangen wses.
Da sy^ari Swegen dead wses. sset Cnut mid his here on Genes
5 cyne hlauord F. 6 ascunodon D. ascunedan F.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 151
here on Gegnesburh? cv&Sa Eastron. and gewearS him and
J>am folce on Lindesige anes. "p hi hine horsian sceoldan.
and sy&San ealle setgaedere faran and hergian. Da com
se cyning ^E'Selred mid fulre fyrde J?ider aer hi gearwe
wseroii to Lindesige. and mann J?a hergode. and bsernde
and sloh call J?et man cynn -p man arsecan mihte. Se Cnut
gewende him tit mid his flotan. and wearS J?et earme folc
J?us beswican j?urh hine. and waende ]?a suftweard oi$ *p
he com to Sandwic. and let 8 J?aer tip ]?a gislas |?e his feeder
gesealde wseron. and cearf of heora handa and heora nosa.
and buton eallum Jnsum yfelum se cyning het gyldan jmm
here J?e on Grenewic laeg xxi Jmsend punda.
And on Jnssum geare on see Michseles msesse aefan. com
J?et mycele sseflod geond wide J>isne eard. and sern 9 swa feor
lip swa naefre ser ne dyde. and adrencte feala 1 tuna, and
mann cynnes un arimsedlice geteall 2 .
1015. On j?issum geare wees *p mycele gemot on Oxona
forda. and ]?3er Eadric ealdorman beswac SigeferS and Mor-
caer ]?a yldestan )?8egenas into Seofonburgum. bepaehte hi
(C) buruh oj> j?a Eastron. and gewearS him and |>am folce on Lindesige
anes. f hi hine horsian woldon. and sy}?]>an ealle eetgsedere faran
and heregian. Da com se cyning _/E)>elred mid fulre fyrde Jjyder
ser hi gearwe wseron to Lindesige. and man ]>a hergode and bsernde
and sloh eal -f man cynn ^ man rsecan mihte. And Cnut ge
wende him aweig lit mid his flotan. and wearS f earme folc ]?us
beswicen fturuh hine. and wende }>a su^weard o)> he com to Sand
wic. and let don up j?ser ^a gislas J>e his feeder gesealde wseron. and
cearf of hiora handa and earan and nosa. And buton eallura J>issum
yfelum se cyng het gyldan ]>am here ^e on Grenawic Iseig xxi
}msend p'd.
And on Jrissum geare on see Michaeles msessesefen. com -f
mycle sseflod gynd wide }>ysne eard. and arn swa feor up swa
nsefre ser ne dyde. and adrencte feala tuna, and man cynnes unari-
medlic getel.
1015. Her on j>issum geare wses f mycle gemot on Oxena
forda. and Sser Eadric ealdorman beswac SiferS and Morcore }>a
yldestan ]>egenas into Seofonburgum. Bepsehte hi into his bure.
7 Gseignes- D. 8 Iset man don up D. 9 earn D.
1 fela D. F. 2 getsell F.
152 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A. D. 1015) in to his bure. and hi man j?aer inne ofsloh ungerisenlice 1 .
and se cyng )?a genam eall heora sehta 2 . and het nimon Sige-
ferSes 3 lafe and gebringon binnon Mealdelmes byrig. ]?a 4
Defter litlum fece ferdeEadmund deling to. and genam ^ wif
ofer )?es cynges willan 5 . and heafde him to wife. Da toforan
natiuitas see Marise ferde se seeding waeston 6 norft into Fif
burgum. and ge rad sona ealle SigeferSes are and Morcares.
and -p folc eall him tobeah.
And j?a on $am ylcan timan com Cnut cyng to 7 Sandwic.
and wende 8 sona abutan Cent land into WestSeaxen oft he
com to Fromuftan. and hergode ]?a on Dorssetum and on
Wiltun scire 9 . and on Sumaersseton. J?a Iseg se cyng seoc set
Cosham. Da gaderode Eadric ealdorman fyrde and 10 se
aefteling Eadmund benorftan. Da hi togsedere comon. )?a
wolde se ealdorman beswicon J?one seeding, and hi tohwurfon
J?a buton ge feohte for]?am. and rimdon heora feondum. and
Eadric ealdormann aspeon )?a xl scipa fram J>am cyning. and
(C) and hi man baer inne ofsloh ungerisenlice. And se cyng ba genam
ealle hiora sehta. and het niman SiferSes lafe. and gebringan hi
binnan Ealdelmes byrig. Da aefter lytlum fsece ferde Eadmund
se|>elinc to. and genam $ wif ofer Sees cynges gewil. and hsefde
him to wife. Da to foran natiuitas see Mariae ferde se seeding
]>anon westan nor^ into Fif burgum. and gerad sona ealle SigeferSes
are and Mocores. and -f folc eal him tobeah.
And ^a on }>am ilcan timan com Cnut cyng to Sandwic. and
wende j?a sona abutan Cent land into West Seaxum oft he com to
FromimrSan. and heregode j?a on Dorssetum and on Wiltun scire.
and on Sumersaetum. Da laeig se cyng seoc aet Cosham. Da
gadarade Eadric ealdorman fyrde. and se seeding Eadmund be
norSan. Da hi togasdere comon. fta wolde se ealdorman beswican
}>one seeding, and hi toferdon ]?a butan gefeohte forSan. and
rymdon heora feondum. And Eadric ealdorman aspeon ]>a feowerti
scipa fram }>am cynge. and beah J>a to Cnute. And WestSexe
1 ungerysenlice D. ungerisedlice F. 8 eal abutan F.
2 eahta F. 9 Wiltescire F.
3 Sifer'Sses D. 10 and >ohte beswican J?one ae'Seling
4 And sona setter lytlum face F. Eadmund. ac he ne mihte. ac he aspeon
5 wil D. J?as cynges un)>ances F. xl scipa of $es cinges scipon and abeah
wsestan D. to Cnut. F.
1 up at F.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 153
beah j?a to Cnute. and WestSeaxe bugon and gislodon. and
horsodon f>one here, and he waes ]?8er ]?a oft midne winter.
1016. Her on J?issum geare com Cnut cyning mid his here
clx scipa. and Eadric ealdormann mid him ofer Temese into
Myrcan set Crsecilade. and wendon ]?a to Wseringscire innon
J>sere middewintres tide, and hergodon and bserndon and
slogon call j? hi to com on.
Da ongan se sefteling Eadmund togadrienne fyrde. pa se
fyrd ge somnod wees. J?a ne onhagode him buton se cyng
J?8ere wsere. and hi hsefdon J?3ere burhware 1 fultum of Lundene.
geswicon J?a {?sere fyrding. and fserde selcmann him ham.
Da sefter J?8ere tide J>a bead mann eft fyrde be fullum wite.
^ selc mann ]?e feor wsere forS gewende. and mann sende to
J?am cyninge to Lundene. and bsedon liine }? he come ongean
]?a fyrde mid ]?am fultum e J?e he gegaderian mihte. Da hi
ealle to somne comon. )?a ne beheold hit naht ]?e ma ]?e hit
oftor ser dyde. pa cydde mann }?am cyninge -p hine mann
beswicon wolde. J?a ]?e him on fultume beon sceolden. Forlet
Sa )?a fyrde. and cyrde him eft to Lundene.
(C) bugon and gislodon. and horsodon J?one here, and he wees jjser a
o]> midne winter.
1016. Her on }>issum geare com Cnut mid his here, and Eadric
ealdorman mid him ofer Temese into Myrcum set Cregelade. And
wendon )>a to Waerincwicscire innan Saere middanwintrestide. and
heregodon and baerndon. and slogon eal ^ hi to comon.
Da ongan se se]?eling Eadmund to gaderigenne fyrde. Da seo
fyrd gesomnod wses. ^a ne onhagode heom 'Sarto buton f wsere
f se cyng ^ser mid wsere. and hi hsefdon jjaare burhware fultum of
Lundene. geswicon Sa J>aere fyrdinge. and ferde him selc man ham.
Da sefter 'Ssere tide ]?a bead man eft fyrde be fullan wite. }> aelc
man ^e fere wsere forS gewende. and man sende to Sam cynge to
Lundene. and bsed hine f he come ongean j>a fyrde mid )>am
fultume Se he gegaderian mihte. Da hi ealle to somne comon. ]>a
ne beheold hit nan Sine |?e ma Se hit oftor ser dyde. Da cydde man
J>am cynge ]? hine man beswican wolde. J>a ]?e him on fultume beon
sceoldon. Forlet Sa |>a fyrde. and cyrde him eft to Lundene.
F. 1016. Her com Cnut mid clx scipa. and Eadric ealdennan mid him
ouer Temese into Myrcan set Crecalade. and wendan J>a to Waeringscire.
inne "Sare hi bserndan and slogan eal ^ hi to coman. And Eadmund
1 buruh D.
X
154 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1016) Da rad se seeding Eadmund to NorShymbran to Vhtrede
eorl. and wsende selc mann "p hi woldon fyrde somnian
ongean Cnut cyng. pa ferdon 4 hi into Stafford scire. and
into Scrobbes byrig. and to Legeceastre 5 . And hergodon
hi on heora healfe and Cnut on his. and wende him )?a
ut Jmrh Buccinga ham scire into Bead aford scire. and Jmnon
to Huntandun scire. andlang fennes to Stanforda. and iSa
in to Lincolne scire. ]?anon to Snotingaham scire. and swa to
Norfthymbran to Eoforwic weard. Da Uhtred geaxode J>is.
$a forlet he his herguiiga and efeste 6 norSweard. and beah J?a
fornede. and ealle NorShymbran mid him. and he gislode.
and hine man ^eahhwaeftere ofsloh. and purcytel Nafanan
sunu mid him. and ]?a sefter J?am se cyng Cnut ge ssette Yric
in to NorShymbran to eorle. call swa Uhtred wses. and syiS-
ftan. wendon him su^ weard o$res weges. call bewestan. and
Ap. i. com J>a call se here toforan Jmm Eastron to scipon. And se
se^eling ./Edmund weude to Lundene to his faeder. And ]?a
sefter Eastron wende se cyng Cnut mid eallum his scipum to
Lundene weard.
(C) Da rad se sealing Eadmund to Norfchymbron to Uhtrede eorle.
and wende selc mon -f hi woldon fyrde somnian ongean Cnut
cyng. Da fyrdedon hi into Stafford scire. and into Scrobsseton.
and to Legceastre. and hi heregodon on heora healfe. and Cnut on
his healfe. Wende him ut Jmruh Buccinga ham scire into Bedan
ford scire. and ^anon to Huntadun scire. swa into Hamtun scire.
andlang fennes to Stanforda. and f>a into Lindcolne scire. Jmnon 'Sa
to Snotingaham scire. and swa to Nor^hymbran to Eoferwic weard.
Da Uhtred geahsode |>is. tSa forlet he his hergunge and efste nor&
weard. and beah $a for nyde. and ealle NorShymbro mid him. and
he gislode. and hine mon 8eahhw8e}>ere ofsloh. ^uruh Eadrices reed
ealdormannes. and Durcytel Nafenan sunu mid him. And J>a aefter
^am gesette se cyng Yric into NorShymbron him to eorle. eal swa
Uhtred wses. and sy&^an wende him su^werd oj>res weges. eal be
westan. and come }>a eal se here toforan J>am Eastron to scypon.
And se sealing Eadmund gewende to Lundene to his feeder. And
fca sefter Eastron wende se cyng Cnut mid eallon his scipon to
Lunden werd.
(F) seSeling wende to Lundene to his faeder. and Cnut ferde nrid eallon his
scipon to Ltmdene weard.
4 fyrdodon D. 5 Lsegceastre D. Cheshire. efstte D.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 155
Da gelamp hit j?et se cyng ^ESelred forSferde ser $a scipu (A.D. 1016)
comon. he ge endode his dagas on scs Georius msesse dsege Ap> 23>
sefter mycclum geswince and earftySnissum his lifes. and ba
sefter his ende. ealle J?a witan J?e on Lundene wseron and
se burhwaru gecuron Eadraund to cynge. and his rice he
heardlice werode ]?a hwile )?e his tima waes.
pa comon ]?a scipo to Grenawic to )?am gandagum. and May 7.
binnon lytlum fsece wendon to Lundene. and dulfon J?a ane
mycele die on fta suiShealfe and drogon heora scipa on
west healfe J?sere brycge. and be dicodon sy38on J?a burn
uton }? nan mann ne mihte ne inn ne lit. and oft reedlice on
3$a burh fuhton. ac hi heom heardlice wi$ stodou.
pa wres Eadmund cyng ser ]?am ge wend lit. and ge rad ]?a
WestSeaxan. and him beah eall folc to. and rafte sefter )>am
(C) Da gelamp hit ^ se cyning ^E|>elred forSferde ser j?a scypo
comon. He ge endode his dagas on see Georgius msesse dseig. and
he geheold his rice mid myclum geswince and earfo^nessum ]>a
hwile ^e his lif wses. And }>a sefter his ende. ealle $a witan j?a on
Lundene wseron and seo burhwaru gecuron Eadmund to cyninge.
and he his rice heardlice werode j?a hwile j?e his tima wses.
Da comon Sa scypo to Grenawic to }>am gang dagum. And hi
binnon lytlan fsece gewendon to Lundene. and hi >a dulfon an.e
mycle die on su^ healfe. and drogon hiora scypo on west healfe
J?sere bricge. and bedicodon J>a sy&San }>a buruh utan f nan man
ne mihte ne ing ne ut. and hi oftrsedlice on }>a buruh fuhton. ac hi
him heardlice wrSstodon.
Da wses Eadmund cyng ser Sam gewend ut. and gerad J>a West
Sexon. and him beah eal folc to. And ra8e sefter |>am he gefeaht
(F) Ac se cing ^Egelred eer forftferde aer J>a scipan coman. he forfiferde on
St. Georgies maesse daeg aefter miclum geswince and earftySnissum his Hues,
and aefter his ende ealle Angelcynnes witan gecuron Eadmund to cinge. and
he his rice heardlice werede on his timan.
Da comon fta scipa to Grenwic to 'Sam gangdagum. and sona wendan to
Lundene. and dulfon ane die on fta sufthealfe. and drogon heora scipa on
westhealfe )?are brigge. and bedicodon siftftan 'Sa burh utan. # nan man ne
mihte ne in ne ut. and oft on '5a burh fuhtan. and hi heom heardlice
wiSstodon.
X 2
156 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1016) he gefeaht wrS )?one here set Peonnan wr3 Gillinga. and oiSer?
gefeoht he gefeaht eefter middan sumera set Sceorstane. and
J?ser my eel wsel feoll on seg'Sre healfe. and ]?a heres him sylfe
toeodon on $am gefeohte. and Eadric ealdorman and J^lmser
deorlingc wseron ]?am here on fultume ongean Eadmund
cyng. And J>a gegaderode he iii srSe fyrde and ferde to
Lundene. and ]?a burhware ahredde. and ]?one here aflymde
to scipon. And ]?a waes ymbe twa niht j? se cyning gewende
ofer set Brent forda 8 . and j?a wiiS ]?one here gefeaht and hine
aflymde. and J?ser adranc mycel jiEnglisces folces on heora
agenre gymeleaste. ]?a fte ferdon beforan ]?sere fyrde. and fang
woldon fon. And se cyning wende sefter )?am to WestSeaxau.
and his fyrde gesomnode 9 .
Da gewende se here sona to Lundene. and J?a burh utone
besseton. and hire stranglice wrSfeaht ge bewsetere ge be
lande. ac se JElmihtiga God hi ahredde.
Se here gewende ]?a sefter j?am fram Lundene mid heora
(C) wrS )>one here set Peonnan wi$ Gillingaham. And o)>er gefeoht he
gefeaht sefter middan sumera set Sceorstane. and bser mycel wsel
feoll on segftre healfe. and tia heras him sylfe to eodan. On ^am
gefeohte wees Eadric ealdorman and ^Elmser dyrling j?am here on
fultume ongean Eadmund kyning. And |?a gegaderede he )?ryddan
si^e fyrde and ferde to Lundene. eal be norSan Temese. and swa ut
jjuruh Clseighangran. and J>a buruhwaru ahredde. arid Jjsene here
geflymde to hiora scypon. And })a waes ymbe twa niht gewende se
cyning ofer set Bregent forda. and J?a wrS |>one here gefeaht. and
hine geflymde. and j?ser adranc mycel wsel Englisces folces. for hiora
agenre gymeleaste. J>a Se ferdon beforan Jisere fyrde and woldan fon
feng. And se cyning sefter }>am gewende to WestSeaxurn. and his
fyrde samnode.
Da gewende se here sona to Lundene and t>a buruh utan emb sset.
and hyre stearclice on feaht segSer ge be wastere ge be lande. Ac se
^Eimihtiga God hi ahredde.
Se here gewende J>a sefter ]?am fram Lundene mid hyra scypum
(F) Se here gewende 8a aefter^am fram Lundene mid heora scipum into
7 oj>aer D. 8 Brsegent forda D. 9 samnade D.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 157
scipum into Arwan. and far up foran. and feordon on(A.D. 1016)
Myrcean. and slogon and bferndon swa hwaet swa hi ofer
foron. swa heora ge wuna wses. and heom metes tilodon. and
hi drifon segfter ge scipa ge heora drafa into Medewsege.
Da gesomnode Eadmund cyng iiii stye ealle Engla j?eode.
and ferde ofer Temese to Brent forda. and ferde innan Cent 1 ,
and se here him fleah be foran mid hira horsa into Sceapige.
and se cyng ofsloh heora swa feala swa he of faran mihte. and
Eadric ealdormann gewende J?a 3sene cyng ongean set ^Egeles
forda 2 . nses nan mare unrsed gered J>onne se waes.
Se here gewende eft lip on East Seaxan. and ferde into Myr-
cean. and fordydon call j? he ofer ferde. Da se cyng geaxode 3
j? se here uppe wses. 3a ge somnode 4 he v srSe ealle Engla )?eode.
(C) into Arewan. and 'Seer up foron. and ferdon on Myrcaii. and slogon
and beerndon swa hwset swa hi oforan. swa hira gewuna is. and him
metes tilodon. and hi drifon segber ge scipu ge hyra drafa into
Medwsege. Da gesamnode Eadmund cyng feor'San srSe ealle his
fyrde. and ferde ofer Temese aet Brentforda. and ferde innon Kent,
and se here him fleah beforan mid hiora horsum into Sceapige. and
se cyning ofsloh heora swa fela swa he offaran mihte. And Eadric
ealdorman gewende |>a ^one cyning ongean set Egeles forda. nses
nan mara unrsed gersed bonne se wees.
Se here gewende eft up on EastSexan. and ferde into Myrcum.
and fordyde call -f he ofor ferde. Da se cyning geahsode f se
here uppe wees. J?a gesomnode he fiftan si^e ealle Engla ]?eode. and
(F) Arwan. and 'Sar up foran on Myrcan. and slogan and bserndon swa heora
gewune J?as. Da gegaderode Eadmund cing feor~Se sifte eal Engla "Seode.
and ferde into Cent, and se here fleg mid horsan into Sceapege. and se cing
ofsloh swa fela swa he offaran mihte. And Eadric ealderman gewende J>ene
ongean at Egeles forda. nses nan mare unrsed gersed ftanne se waes Sed
cum pervenisset rex ad ^Egelesford, dux Eadricus per dolum fecit exercitum
Anglorum redire. Non fuit pejus concilium factum in Anglia de tali re.
Se here ferde eft into Myrcan. $ gehyrde se cing. fta gegaderode he fiffca
1 Csent D. hostes retineret, eo die plena potiretur
2 .... nisi perfidus dux Edricus victoria. Flor.
Streona suis insidiis et insiliis apud 3 geahsade D.
Eaglesford, ne suos persequeretur 4 gesamnade D.
158 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1016) and ferde him set hindan. and offerde hi innan EastSeaxan
set J?ere dune ]?e mann hset Assandun. and J?ser togsedere
heardlice fengon. Da dyde Eadric ealdormann swa he oftor 5
ser dyde. astealde )?one fleam serest 6 mid Mage sseton. and
swa aswac his cynehlaforde and ealle j?eode". )?ser hsefde CNUT
vel ]>eode
Oct. 1 8. sige. and ge feaht him eall Englaland. J?ser wearS ofslagen
Eadnoft. and Wulsige 8 abb' and ^Elfric ealdorman. and God-
wine ealdorman. and Ulfcytel of EastEnglan. and ^E^elward
^EiSelsiges 9 sunu ealdormannes. and eall se dugoiS on Angel
cinne J .
Da aefter ]?isum gefeohte wende Cnut cing upp mid his
here to Gleawe ceastre scire. f>ser he geherde secgan' 2 }?et
se cyng wses Eadmund. Da gersedde Eadric ealdormann and
(C) ferde him set hindan. and offerde hi on East Sexum. at baere dune be
man hset Assandun. and bar togsedere heardlice fengon. Da dyde
Eadric ealdormann swa swa he ser oftor dyde. astealde j?sene fleam
serest mid Magesseton. and aswac swa his cynehlaforde and ealre
Angel cynnes beode. Dser ahte Cnut sige. and gefeht him ealle
Engla }>eode. Daer wearS Eadnoj? b' ofslagen. and Wulsige abb*
and -/Elfric ealdorman. and Godwine ealdorman on Lindesige. and
Ulfcytel on EastEnglum. and yEbelweard ^E|>elwines sunu ealdor-
mannes. and eal Angel cynnes dugu^ |?ar wearS fordon.
Da sefter J)issum gefeohte gewende Cnut kynincg up mid his here
to Gleau ceastre scire. ^ser he ofahsade )> se cyning wses Eadmund.
Da gersedde Eadric ealdormann and ^a witan J>e ^ar \vserou ty }>a
(F) siiSiSan eal Englafteode. and ferde sefter "San here and offerde hine at Assan-
dune. and iSar togseSere fsestlice fengon. Da dyde Eadric ealdorman. swa
he oft ser dyde. astealde ]>one fleam serest mid Magesseton. and swa aswac his
cynehlaforde and ealle }>eode. Dser hsefde Cnut sige. and gefeaht him eall
Englaland. Der wear 5 ofslagen Eadno'S and Wulsi abb', and ^Elfric ealdor-
man. and Ulfcytel of EastEnglan. and JE)>elward ^ESelsiges sunu ealdor-
mannes. and eall seo duga'5 on Angel cynne.
Da sefter Jnsum gefeohte gewende Cnut cyng upp mid his here to Gleawe
ceastre scire. >ser he geherde secgan se cyng wses Eadmund. Da gersedde
Eadric ealdormann and J>a witan fte J?ser wseron. >a cyningas seht namon
5 ofter D. 6 serast D. JE>elwine was the name : he often
7 J?eodae D. 8 Wulfsie D. signs documents under ^Ebelred and
9 Elfwines D. yEthelwardus dux, his predecessors. Cod. Dipl.
films ducis EastAnglorum ^Ethelwini 1 seo duguft of Angel cynnes J>eode D.
Dei amici. Flor. Cf. Wendover. 2 ofaxade D.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 159
J?a witan }?a iSaer a wseron -p j?a cyningas seht namon 4 heom (A.D. 1016)
betweonan. and hi gislas sealdon heom betweonan. and ]?a
cyningas comon *> togaedere set Olanige. and 6 heora freond-
scipe J?ser gefsestnodon. ge mid wedde ge mid a$e. and -p
gyld setton wr3 )?one here, and hi to hwurfon ]?a mid ]?isum
sehte. and feng Eadmund cing to WeastSeaxan and Cnut to
Myrcean 7 .
Se here ge wende )?a to scipon mid )?am ]?ingum j?e hi ge
fangen hsefdon. and Lundene waru griftede wr<5 ]?one here, and
heom frrS gebohtari. and se here gebrohton heora scipa on
Lundene. and heom winter setle J?ser inne namon.
Da to scs Andreas msessan forSferde se cyng Eadmund. and Nov. 30.
is byrged mid his ealdan feeder Eadgare on Glaestinga byrig.
And on ]?am ilcan geare forftferde Wulfgar ab V on Abbandune.
and feng ^E^elsige to.
(C) cynegas seht naman him betwynan. and hi gislas him betwynan
sealdon. And ba cynegas comon togaedere set Olanege. and hira
freondscype jjser gefaestnodon. ge mid wedde ge mid a]?e. and f gyld
setton wrS ]?one here. And hi to hwurfon ^a mid ]>issum sehte. and
feng Eadmund to WestSexan and Cnut to Myrcan.
And se here gewende J>a to scypon mid J>am Singon J>e hi gefangen
haefdon. And Lundenwaru grrSode wi'S J>one here, and him friS
gebohton. and se here gebrohton hyra scipu on Lundene. and him
winter setl ^aer inne namon.
Da to see Andreas msessan forSferde se kyning Eadmund. and his-
lic li^ on Glaestingabyrig mid his ealdan feeder Eadgare. And on
Sam ilcan geare forSferde Wulfgar abb' on Abbandune. and ^E}>elsige
feng to J>am abbodrice.
(F) heom betweonan. and hi gislas sealdon heom betweonan. And J?a cyningas
comon togsedere set Olanige. and heora freondscipe J>ser gefaestnodon ge mid
wedde ge mid afte. and gyld setton wift J?one here, and hi to hwurfon J>a
mid J)isum sehte. And feng Eadmund cyng to WestSeaxan. and Cnut to-
Myrcean.
Da to St. Andreas maessan forftferde se cing Eadmund. and ys bebyrged
mid his ealdefaeder Eadgare on Glaestingabyri.
3 gegaderade adds D. 6 wurdon feolagan and wedbroftra.
4 geworhtan D. and gefsestnadan D.
* coman begen D. 7 J>am nor 5 dsele D,
160 THE PARKER MS.
1017- Her Cnut wear's gecoran to kinge.
(C) 1017. Her on bissum geare feng Cnut kyning to eallon Angel
cynnes ryce. and hit to dselde on feower. him sylfan WestSexan.
and Durkylle EastEnglan. and Eadrice Myrcan. and Irke NorS
hymbran,
And on bissum geare wses Eadric ealdorman ofslagen. and NorS-
man Leofwines sunu ealdormannes. and ./Ebelweard .^belmseres
sunu greatan. and Brihtric ^Elfehes sunu on Defena scire. And
Cnut cyning aflymde ut Eadwig sebeling. and eft hine het ofslean.
And J?a toforan kl' Augusti het se cynigc fetian him J>ses cyniges
lafe yEbelreedes him to wife. Ricardes dohtor.
1018. Her on bissum geare wses f gafol gelsest ofer eal Angel
cyn. ]> wses ealles twa and hund seofontig Jmsend punda. buton
8am be seo burhwaru on Lunden geald. )> wses endlyfte healf
]>usend punda. And se here Sa ferde sum to Denemearce. and xl
scypa belaf mid bam cynige Cnute. And Dene and Engle wurdon
sammsele set Oxnaforda.
1019. Her gewende Cnut cyng to Denemearcon. and J>ser wunode
ealne bone winter.
1020. Her on bissum geare forftferde Lyfing arceb'. And Cnut
cyning com eft to Englalande. And ba on Eastron wses mycel
gemot set Cyringceastre. |>a geutlagode man ^E}>elweard ealdorman.
and Eadwig ceorla cyngc.
And on ^isum geare se cyng for to Assandune. and Wulfstan
arceb' and Durkyl eorl and manega bisceopas mid heom, and ge-
halgodan f mynster set Assandune.
1021. Her on ^issum geare to Martines msessan Cnut kyning
geutlagode Durkyl eorl.
1022. Her Cnut kyningc for ut mid his scipon to Wiht. And
arceb' for to Rome.
8 Eiric D. segfter for Gode and for worulde.
9 on Lundene swy'Se rihtlice inserts 5 F inserts and let tymbrian J>ar
F. justissime occisus est. F. Lat, an mynster of stane and lime for J?are
1 >at was ^Elfgiue on Englisc. Ymma manna sawle ]>e }>ar ofslagene wseran.
on Frencisc. adds F. and gief hit his anum p'ste. J?as nama
2 to Eadgares lage adds F. was Stigand.
3 mid ix scipum inserts F. 6 and setter msessan mid )>an papan
4 D continues And her for'S ferde gereordade. and mid J>as papan blets-
yElfstan arceb'. se wses Lifing genem- unge gecyrde to his arb' stole. F.
ned. and he wees swi'Se reedfsest man.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 161
1017. Her on ]?isum geare feng Cnut cyning to eall Angel
cynnes rice, and hit todseld on fower. him sylfum West
Seaxan. and purcylle EastEnglan. and Eadrice Myrcean.
and Yrice 8 NorShymbran.
And on |?isum geare wses Eadric ealdormann ofslagen 9 .
and NoriSman Leofwines sunu ealdormannes. and ^E'Selword
^E^elmseres sunu j?ses grsetan. and Brihtric .ZElfgetes sunu
on Dsefenan scire. and Cnut cyng aflymde ut ^Edwig sefteling.
and Eadwig ceorla cyng. And j?a to foran kl' Aug' het se cyng
feccan him ^Eftelredes lafe J?es oftres cynges him to cwene
Kicardes dohtor 1 .
1018. On ]?isuin geare wses f gafol gelsest ofer eall Angel
cynn. ^ waes ealles Ixxii ]msend puncla. buton )?am ]?e seo
burhwaru on Lundene guidon xi ]?usend punda. and se here
ferde )>a sum to Denmearcon. and xl scipo belaf mid J>am
cyninge Cnute. And Dene and Engle wurdon sam msele set
Oxnaforda 2 . And her J^Selsige abb' for<5 ferde on AbVndune.
arid feng ^E^elwine to.
1019. Her gewende Cnut cyng 3 to Denmearcon. and J?jer
wunode ealne winter 4 .
1020. Her com Cnut cyng to Englalande. and ]?a on
Eastron waes mycel gemot on Cyrnceastre. |?a geutlagode
mann JE^elwold ealdorman.
And on ]?issum geare se cyng for to Assandune r> . and Liuing
arcb' for^ferde. and ^E>Selno3 munuc and decanus set Xpes
cyrcan wses ]?e ilcan geare Jmrto gehadod to biscop. Nov.
1021. Her on ]?ysum geare Cnut cyng to Martin' msessan
geutlagode purkil eorl. *
1022. Her Cnut cyng for ut mid his scipum to Wiht. And
^EiSelnoiS biscop for to Rome, and wses under fangen ]?ser
fram Benedicte )?am papan myd mycclum wur^scipe. and
mid his agenum handum him his pallium on sette. and to
arcb' arwuriSlice gehalgode. and he sy&5an mid J?am pallium
]?ser msessode 6 swa se papa him gewissode. and he hine ge
reordode sefter )?am mid J?am papan. and syiS^on mid fulre
bletsunge ham gewende. And Leofwine abb' se wses unrihtlice
of Elig adrsefed wses his gefera. and hine J?ser aelces Binges
geclsensode J?e him mann onssede. swa se papa him tsehte
on ]?es arcb'es gewitnesse. and on ealles ]?aes geferscipes J>e
him mid wses.
Y
162
THE PARKER MS.
(C)
1031. Her com Cnut agan to Englalande. Sona
svva he be com to Engla lande. he geaf in to Xpes
cyrican on Cantware byri f>a hsefenan on Sandwic.
and ealla f>a gerihta J?e f>aer of arisa}? of aerSre healfe
Sare hsefene. swa ^ loc hwenne ^ flod byf> ealra hehst
and ealra fullost. beo an scip flotigende swa neh J>an
lande swa hit nyxt meege. and ]?ar beo an mann stande
on J?an scipe and habbe ane taper gex on his ....
F. 1028. Her for Cnut cing to Norftwegu of Englalande mid 1 scipu Englis-
cra J>egena. and adraf Olaf cing of \>& lande and geagenede hi land, et hie
Cnut ivit Noruuega de Anglia cu 1 navib' de nobilib' Anglie, et expulit Olauu
rege de trsL ilia et possedit ea.
1029. Her co Cnut cing eft to Englalande. And sona swa he com to Engla
lande. he geaf in to Cristes cyrican an Cantware beri J?a hafene an Sandwic.
and ealle ^ }>ar of arist of aegftre healf >are hefne. swa )>at loc hwenne j>
flot bi$ ealra heghst and fullost. J>at an scip flotige swa neh "San lande swa hit
nyxt maege. and an mann stande >ar .... Hie rev'sus e Cnut ad Anglia. Et
dedit Ecclesise Christi Cantuariae portum de Sanduuic et omnes exitus ejusdem
aquae ab utraque parte fluminis, ita ut natante nave cum plenum fuerit, quam
longius de navi potest securis parvula super terram projici, debet a ministris
Ecclesiae Christi rectitude iiavis accipi; nullusque omnino hominum aliquam
consuetudinem in eodem portu habet, exceptis monachis Ecclesiae Christi.
Eorum quoque est transfretatio portus et navicula et theoloneum naviculae et
omnium navium quae ad Sanduuic venerint, a Pipernsesse usque Nortmuthe.
Si quid autem in magno mari repertum fuerit delatum Sanduuic, medietatem
Ecclesia Christi habebit ; reliqua vero pars inventoribus remanebit.
1031. Her ferde Cnut cing to Rome, and J>es ylcan geares "Sa he ha co he for
to Scotlande and Scotta cing hi to beah. and twegen o'Sre cingas. MealbaeaiSe.
and lehmarc. And Rodb't eorl of Normandi ferde to lerl'm and >ar wear'5
dead, and Will'm "Se was si'S'San cing on Englalande feng to Normandi tSaeh
he cild wsere.
1023. Her Cnut cyning com eft to Englalande. and Durcil and
he wseran anrsede. and he betaehte Durcille Denemearcan and his
sunu to healdenne. and se cyning nara Durciles sunu mid him to
Englalande. And he let ferian sySSan see ^Elfeges reliquias of
Lundene to Cantwarabyrig.
1028. Her Cnut cing for to Norwegon. mid 1 scipum.
1030. Her wses Olaf cing ofslagen on Norwegon of his agenum
folce. and wses sy'S&an halig. And bses geres ser Sam forferde Hacun.
se dohtiga eorl. on see.
D. 1023. Her Cnut kyning. binnan Lundene. on see Paules mynstre.
sealde fulle leafe ^E^elno^e arceb'e and Bryhtwine b'e. and eallon
bam Godes beowum be heom mid wseron. f hi moston nyman up
of bam byrgene bone arceb' see ^Elrheah. and hi |>a swa dydon on
vi Idus lunii. and se brema cyng and se arceb' and leodbiscopas
and eorlas and swiSe manege hadode and eac Isewede feredon on
THE LAUD MS. (E) 163
1023. Her forSferde Wulfstan arcb' and feng ^Ifric to.
and J?ses ilcan geares JSftelnoft arcbiscop ferede see JElfeges
arcb' reliquias to Cantwarbyrig of Lundene.
1024. Hie Ricard' scd's oV. Ricard' fili' ei' regnavit prope
uno anno. & post eu regn RodbY fr' ei' viii anfi.
1025. Her for Cnut cyng to Denmearcon mid scipon to
}?a holme set ea ]?aere halgan. and )?aer comon ongean Vlf
and Eglaf. and swrSe mycel here segfter ge land here ge
sciphere of Swafteode?. and J?ser wses swrSe feala manna
forfaren 8 on Cnutes cynges healfe. segiSer ge Deniscra manna
ge Engliscra. and |?a Sweon heafdon weallstowe ge weald.
1028. Her for Cnut cyng of Englalande mid fiftig scipum
to Norwegum. and adraf Olaf cyning of ]?am lande. and ge
ahnode him )?et lande.
1029. Her com Cnut cyng eft ham to Englal'.
1030. Her com Olaf cyng eft into Norwegum. and J?et folc
gegaderode him togeanes. and him wrS gefuhton. and he
wearft J?ser of slagen.
1031. Her for Cnut cyng to Rome, and J?y ilcan geare he
for to Scotlande. and Scotta cyng him tobeah Maelcolm. and
twegen oftre cyningas. Maelb8e]?e. and lehmarc.
Rodb'tus conies oV in peregrinatione. et successit rex
Will'mus in puerili setate.
(D) scype his ]>one halgan lichaman ofer Temese to SuSgeweorke. and
J>ser ]?one halgan martyr |>an arcebiscope and his geferum betsehton.
and hi ]?a mid weor^lican weorode. and wynsaman dreame. hine to
Hrofes ceastre feredan. Da on ]>am )>ryddan dsege com Irama seo
hlsefdie mid hire cynelican bearne HeardaCnute. and hi }>a ealle mid
mycclan ]?rymme and blisse and lofsange }>one halgan arceb' into
Cantwarebyri feredon. and swa wurt51ice into Cristes cyrcan brohton.
on iii Id' lun. Eft sy^an on ]>am eahteo^an dasge. on xvii kl'
lulii. JE^elnoS arceb' and JEifsie b' and Bryhtwine b' and ealle J>a J>e
mid heom waeron. gelogodon see JElfeages halgan lichaman on norS
healfe Cristes weofodes. Gode to lofe. and ]>am halgan arceb'e to
wurSmynte. and eallon ]?am to ecere hsePSe ]?e his halgan lichoman
j>ser mid estfulre heortan and mid ealre eadmodnysse doeghwamlice
secea'S. God selmihtig gemiltsie eallum Cristenum mannum. j?urh
see ^Elfeges halgan gegearminga.
1026. Her for JElfric b' to Rome, and onfeng pallium set lohanne
papan. on ii Id' Nouemb'.
7 SweoSode F. 8 farfarene F.
Y 2
164
THE LAUD MS. (E)
1032. Her on ]?issum geare atywde -p wildefyr $e nan
mann aeror nan swylc ne gemtmde. and gehwser hit derode
eac on manegum stowum. And on ]?am ilcan geare forbYerde
^Elfsige biscop on Win ceastre. and .^Elfwine ]?aes cynges preost
feng j?serto.
1033. Her on j?isum geare forSferde Merehwit V on Sum-
ersseton. and he is bebyrged on Glsestinga byrig.
1034. Her forSferde ^>Seric b'.
1036. Her forSferde Cnut cyng set Sceaftes byrig. and he
is bebyrged on Winceastre on Ealdan mynstre. and he wses
cyng ofer eall Englaland swyfte neh xx wintra. And sona
sefter his forsiiSe wses ealra witena gemot on Oxnaforda. and
Leofric eorl. and msest ealle J?a )?egenas benorSan Temese.
and ]?a IrSsmen on Lunden. gecuron Harold to healdes ealles
Englalandes. him and his broker Hardacnute J?e waes on
(C) 1034. Her gefor ^Eberic b'. and he IrS on Ramesige. *
1035. Her forSferde Cnut cing. on ii Id' Nouemb' set Sceftes
byrig. and hine man ferode banon to Winceastre. and hine ]>8er
bebyrigde.
And ^Elfgyfu. Imme. seo hlacfdie. sset )>a ^ser binnan. And Harold
]?e ssede f he Cnutes sunu waere and fsere o^re 9 J51fgyfe. }>eh hit
na soS nsere. he sende to. and let niman of hyre ealle )?a betstan
gsersuma. e heo of healdan ne mihte. |)e Cnut cing ahte. and heo
sset }>eh forS \>xr binnan 8a hwile }>e heo moste.
1036. Her com JElfred se unsce&Jiga sej>eling. -.^Ejjelrsedes sunu
cinges. hider inn. and wolde to his meder }>e on Wincestre sset. ac
J hit him ne gej>afode Godwine eorl. ne ec o]?re men ]?e my eel mihton
wealdan. fortSan hit hleot5rode ]>a swifte 2 toward Haraldes. )>eh hit
unriht waere.
3 Ac Godwine hine j?a gelette 1
and hine on hseft sette-
and his geferan he todraf
and sume mislice ofslolr
sume hi man wi^ feo sealde*
sume hreowlice acwealde*
sume hi man bende-
4 sume hi man blende-
sume hamelode*
sume hsettode.
9 ^Elfgyfe >sere Hamtunisca D.
1 ^ ne ge^afodon ]?a J>e micel weoldon
on Jnsan lande D.
2 to Harolde >eah kit D.
3 Da let he hine on hseft settau. and
his geferan he eac fordraf. and sume D.
4 and eac sume blende and heanlice
kattode D.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 165
Denemearcou. And Godwine eorl and ealle j?a yldestan
menn on WestSeaxon. lagon ongean swa hi lengost mihton.
ac hi ne mihton nan J?ing ongean wealcan. And man ge-
raedde j?a ^ ^Elfgifu Hardacnutes modor ssete on Win
ceastre mid J>8es cynges huscarlum hyra suna. and heoldan
ealle West Seaxan him to handa. and Godwine eorl waes
heora healdest mann. Sume men ssedon be Harolde j? he
waere Cnutes sunu cynges and JSlfgiue ^Elfelmes dohtor eald-
ormannes. ac hit J?uhte swrSe ungeleaflic manegum mannum.
and he wses ]?seh full cyng ofer call Englaland.
(C) Ne wearS 5 dreorlicre dsed*
gedon on J>ison earde*
syj)j>aa Dene comon-
and her frrS namon.
Nu is to gelyfenne
to ^an leofan Code-
^ hi blission*
bli^e mid Xpe'
}>e wseron butan scylde-
swa earmlice acwealde.
Se sej>eling lyfode )?a gyt*
eelc yfel man him 6 gehet'
o^ f man gersedde*
f man hine Isedde-
to Eligbyrig'
7 swa gebundenne.
Sona swa he lende !
on scype man hine blende*
and hine swa blindne*
brohte to Sam munecon.
And he par wunode*
8a hwile J>e he lyfode.
Sy^San hine man byrigde*
swa him wel gebyrede*
ful wur^lice*
swa he wyr^e wses'
set }>am west ende*
j>am 8 styple fulgehende'
on )>am su<5 portice*
Seo 9 saul is mid Xpe.
D. 1033. Her forSferde Leofsie b'. and his lichama rested on Wigra
ceastre. and Brihteh waes on his setl ahafen.
5 drcorilicre D. 6 behet D. 7 ealswa D. 8 stypcle D. 9 sawul D.
166 THE PARKER MS.
1040. Her Eadsige arceb' for to Rome, and Harold
king for'Sferde.
1042. Her forSferde Harftacnut king.
(C) 1037. Her man geceas Harald ofer call to cinge. and forsoc
HarSaCnut. forSan he waes to lange on Denemarcon. and man draf
^a ut his modor. ^Elfgyfe Sa cwene. butan selcere mildheortnesse.
ongean ]?one * weallendan wint'. and heo co tSa to 2 Bricge begeondon
see. and Baldwine eorl hi ftser wel underfeng. and hig J>eer geheold
]>a hwile Se hire neod wses. And j?ses geres ser. gefor ^Efic. se seSela
decanus on 3 Heofeshame.
1038. Her gefor ^Ej?elnoS se goda arceb' and ^E)>elric b' on Su$
Sexum. and ^Elfric b' on EastEnglum. and Byrhteh b' on Wihra
cestrescire xiii k* Ian.
1039. Her com se mycla wind, and Byrhtmser b' gefor on Licet-
felda. And Wealas slogon Eadwine. Leofrices broker eorles. and
Durcil and ^Elfget and swiSe fela godra manna mid heo. And her
co ec HarSacnut to Bricge. ]?ar his modor wees.
1040. Her swealt Harald cing. Da sende man seft' HarSacnute
to Bricge. wende f man wel dyde. And he com ^a hider mid Ix
scipum foran to middan siimera. and astealde ]>a swrSe strang gyld.
^ man hit unease 4 ac5. ^ wses viii marc set ha. and. him waes J?a
unhold call f his ser gyrnde. and he ne gefremede ec naht cynelices
}>a hwile ^e he ricxode. He let dragan up ]?aene deadan Harald and
hine on fen sceotan.
1041. Her let HarSacnut hergian eall Wihracest'scire. for his
twegra huscarla Jnngon 'Se f strange gyld budon. )>a sloh f folc hi
binnan port, innan 'Sam mynstre.
And J>ses geres sona c5 Eadward his broker on medren. fra be-
geondan see. ^Ej^elraedes sunu cinges. ^e wses ser for fela gearon of
his earde adrifen. and ^eh wses to cinge gesworen. and he wunode
J>a swa on his brofior hirede )?a hwile Se he leofode.
And on ]>ison gere ec swac HarSacnut Eadulf eorl under his grifte.
and he waes |>a wedloga.
1042. Her gefor HarSacnut swa f he set his drince stod. and he
fseringa feoll to Jjsere eorSan mid egeslicum anginne. and hine ge-
Isehton ^e ]>ar neh wseron. and he sySSan nan word ne gecwaeS. and
he forSferde on vi Id' lun'. And eall folc underfeng $a Eadward to
cinge. swa him gecynde waes.
1 wallendan D. 2 Brygce D. 3 Eofesham D. 4 mihte acuman D.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 167
1037. Her man drsefde lit ^Elfgife Cnutes cynges lafe. seo
wses Hardacnutes cyuges modar. and heo gesohte J?a Bald-
wines grift be suftan sse. and he 5 geaf hire wununge on 6 Bricge.
and he hi mundode. and heold |?a hwile J?e heo J?ser wses.
1038. Her forfcferde 7jE8elno arceb' on Id' Nouemb'.
and 8 J?aes ymbe lytel JEftelric b' on SuftSeaxum. and J>a
toforan Xpes msessan Brihteh b' on Wigra ceaster scire.
9 and rafte )?8es J^lfric b' on EastEnglum. And J?a feng
Eadsige *b' to j?am arc' rice, and Grymcytel to 3am on SirS
Sexum. and Lining b' to Wigra ceaster scire and to Gleaw
cestre scire.
1039. Her forSferde Harold cyng on Oxnaforda on xvi
k' Apr', and he wses bebyrged set West mynstre. And he
weolde Englalandes iv gear and xvi wucan. and on his
dagum man geald xvi scipan set selcere hamulan viii marc,
call swa man ser dyde on Cnutes cynges dagum. And on J?is
ilcan geare com Hardacnut cyng to Sandwic vii nihtum ser
middan sumera. And he wses sona underfangen ge fram
Anglum ge fram Denum. J?eah J?e his rsedesmenn hit syftfton
strange forguldon. Da hi gersedden ]?et man geald Ixii scipon
set selcere hamelan viii marc. And on J?is ilcan geare eode se
ssester hwsetes to Iv penega and eac furSor.
1040. Her wses ]?et heregeold gelsest. -p wseron xxi Jmsend
punda and xcix punda. and man geald syiSSan xxxii scipon xi
jwsend punda and xlviii punda.
And on 3is ilcan geare com Eadward JEftelredes sunu
cinges hider to lande of weallande. se wses Hardacnutes
broker cynges. hi wseron begen ^Elfgiues suna. seo wses
Ricardes dohtor eorles.
1041. Her forSferde Hardacnut cyng set LambhyiSe on vi
D. 1038. Her forSferde ^ESelnoS se goda arceb' and ^E]>selric b'
on SirSSexan. se gewilnode to Gode j> he hine ne lete lybban nane
hwile sefter his leofan fseder ^E^elno^e. and he eac binnan seofon
nihton JJBBS gewat. and Brihteh b' on Wigra cestre xiii Id' Ian.
D. 1041. And her man hadode ^Egelric b' to Eoferwic on iii Id'
lanuarii.
5 gif hyre wununga F. Su$ Sexan. F.
6 Brigge and wurdlice hi heold F. 9 'Sas sona F.
7 ./Egelnoft F. ! ^ses cinges p'st F. capellanus re-
8 embe litel fyrst ^Egelric b' of gis. F. Lat.
168 THE PARKER MS.
1043. Her Wees Eduuard gehalgod to kinge.
(C) 1043. Her wses Eadward gehalgod to cinge on Wincestre. on
forman Easter dseig. mid myccelum wyrSscype. and fta wseron
Eastron iii Non' Apl'- Eadsige arcebisceop hine halgade. and to
foran call am bam folce hine wel leerde. and to his agenre neode and
ealles folces wel manude.
And Stigant preost wses gebletsad to biscp' to EastEnglum. And
raSe bses se cing let geridan ealle ba land be his modor ahte him to
handa. and nam of hire eall -f heo ahte on golde. and on seolfre.
and on unasecgendlicum bingum. forSam heo hit heold ser to feeste
wi$ hine. And rafie bees, man sette Stigant of his bisceoprice. and
nam eal f he ahte barn cinge to handa. forSam he wses nehst his
modor rsede. and heo for swa swa he hire rsedde. bees ^e men
wendon.
1044. Her Eadsige arceb' forlet $ bisceopr' for his untrumnysse.
and bletsade beerto Siward abb' of Abb'dune to bisceope. be Sees
cinges leafe and rsede and Godwines eorles. hit wses elles feawum
mannum cuS ser hit gedon wees, forSam se arceb' wende f hit sum
o^er man abiddan wolde obbe gebicgan. be he wyrs truwode and
ire. gyf hit ma manna wiste. And on 'Sisum gere wses swy'Se
mycel hunger ofer eall Englaland. and corn swa dyre swa nan man
sr ne gemunde. swa }> se sester hweetes code to Ix pen. and eac
furSor.
And J>ees ylcan geres se cinge for ut to Sandwic. mid xxxv
scypori. And ^E]>elstan cyricwyrd feng to J>am abbodrice set
Abbandune. And on pam ylcan gere Eadward cing nam Eadgy)>e.
Godwines eorles dohtor. him to wife x nihtum ser Candel msessan.
D. 1043. Her wses Eadward gehalgod to cynge set Wincestre. on
forrnan Easter dseg.
And j>ses geres xiiii nihton ser Andreas msessan. man geraedde
]>an cynge -p he rad of Gleawcestre. and Leofric eorl and Godwine
eorl and SigwarS eorl mid heora genge to Wincestre. on unwser on
|?a hleefdian. and bereafedan hi set eallon ]?an gsersaman J>e heo ahte.
]?a wseron unatellendlice. for)>an |>e heo wses seror |>am cynge hire
suna swrSe heard, f heo him Isesse dyde J>on he wolde ser }>a j>e he
cyng weere. and eac sy&San. and leton hi |>eer si^an binnan sittan.
2 wel lerde to his agenre neode, and tern sibi subjecti populi. F. Lot.
to ealles folces freme F. Edsinus ... 3 quatinus nimis tenacitcr ea contra
docuit eum . . . ea quae sibi facienda ilium tenuit. F. Lat.
erant ad honorem suum, et ad utilita-
THE LAUD MS. (E) 169
id'. Iim. and he wses cyng ofer eall Englaland twa gear
buton x nihtum. and he is bebyrged on Ealdan mynstre on
Winceastre mid Cnute cynge his fseder. And ear J?an ]?e he
bebyrged waere. eall folc geceas Eadward to cynge on Lun-
dene. healde f>a hwile J?e him God unne. And eall p gear
wses swrSe hefig time on manegum fingum and mislicum. ge
on unwsederum ge on eoriSwsBstmum. and swa mycel orfes
waes J?ses geares forfaren. swa nan man ser ne gemunde.
segSer ge )?urh mistlice coiSa ge Jmrh ungewyderu. And on
j>is ilcan tyme forSferde JSlf.* abbot of Burh. and man ceas j?a
Arnwi munec to abb'. for]?an J?e he wees swrSe god man and
swrSe bilehwit.
1042. Her wses JSiSward gehalgod to cyng on Winceastre
on ^Ester daeg mid mycclum wurSscipe. and ]?a wseron
Eastron on iii non' Apr'. Eadsige arcb' hine halgode. and
foran eallum folce hine well Ia3rde. and to his agenre neode
and ealles folces well monude' 2 .
And Stigand preost waes gebletsod to biscope to East
Englum. And rafte J?ses se cing let geridan ealle )?a land
)?e his modor ahte him to handa. and nam of hire eall ^
heo ahte on golde and on seolfre. and on unasecgendlicum
j?ingum. for]?an heo hit heold to feste wrS hine 3 .
1043. Her Eadsige arcb' forlet J?et biscoprice for his un-
trumnisse. and bletsode J?serto Siward abbot of Abbandune to
biscope be ]?3es cynges laefe and rseda and Godwines eorles.
hit waes elles feawum mannum cirS ser hit gedon wees. for)?an
se arcbiscop wende "p hit su o^er mann abiddan wolde o&Se
gebicgean. ]>e he his wyrs truwude and u^e. gif hit ma manna
wiste. And on J>isum waes swy^e mycel hunger ofer Engla
land, and corn swa dyre swa nan mann ser ne gemunde. swa
^ se sester hwaetes eode to Ix penega. and eac furSor.
And J>89S ylcan geares se cyng for lit to Sandwic mid xxxv
scipon. And ^E^elstan cyriceweard feng to Sam abbotrice set
Abb'ndune. And Stigand feng to his biscoprice.
1043. Her nam ^Edward cyng Godwines dohtor eorles him
to cwene. And on )>is ilcan geare forftferde Brihtwold b'.
and he heold J?8es biscop rices xxxviii wintra. and Hereman
]>es cynges preost feng to )?am biscoprice. And on ]?ysum
geare man halgode Wulfric to abb' set See Augustine to Xf es
z
170 THE LAUD MS. (E)
maessan on Stephanes msesse dseg. be j>es cynges gelsefan and
^Elfstanes abbotes for his mycelre untrumnysse.
1044. Her forbYerde Liuing b' on Defenascire. and Leofric
feng j?serto se wses J?ses cynges preost. And on ]?isum ilcan
geare forSferde ^Elfstan abbot set See Augustine iii non' lulii.
And on J?is ilcan geare wearS aflemed ut Osgot Clapa.
1045. Her forSferde Grymkytel b' on SuiSSexum. and feng
Heca ftes cynges preost j?8erto. And on j?ysum geare for$
ferde JrClfwine biscop on Winceastre. on iiii k' Septemb'. and
feng Stigand b' benorSan ]?8erto. And on ftam ilcan geare
ferde Swegen eorl ut to Baldewines lande to Brycge. and
wunode J?ser ealne winter, and wende )>a to sumere ut.
Bellum apud Vallium Dunas.
1046. Her forSferde ^E]?elstan abbot on Abbandune. and
feng Spearhafoc munuc to of See Eadmundes byrig. And on
j?is ilcan geare forSferde Siward biscop. and feng Eadsige
arcb' eft to eallum ]?a b'rice.
And on J?is ilcan geare comon to Sandwic. Lo$en and
(C) 1045. Her on )>ysum geare forftferde Bryhtwold b' on x kl' Mai.
and Eadward cyng geaf Heramanne his preoste )> bisceoprice.
And on )>an ylcan sumera for Eadward cyng ut mid his scypan to
Sandwic. and j?ar AVSGS swa mycel here gegsederod. swa nan man ne
geseh scyphere nsenrie maran on ]>ysan lande. And on )>is ylcan
geare forSferde Lyuync b'. on xiii kl' Apr', and se cyng geaf Leofrice
his preoste f biscoprice.
1046. Her on )>ysum geare for Swegn eorl into Wealan. and
Griffin se nor]>erna cyng forS mid him. and him man gislode. Da
he hamwerdes wses. |>a het he feccan him to }>a abbedessan on
Leomynstre. and heefde hi |>a while ]>e him geliste. and let hi sy}>]jan
faran ham. And on J>is ylcan geare man geutlagode Osgod Clapan.
foran to middan wintre.
And on J>is ylcan geare. sefter Candelmsessan. com se stranga
winter, mid forste and mid snawe and mid eallon ungewederon. ^
nses nan man )?a on Hue f mihte gemunan swa stragne winter swa
se wses. ge jmrh mancwealm ge }?urh orfcwealm. ge fugelas and fixas
Jmrh ]?one micelan cyle and hunger forwurdan.
104/. Her on J>ysum geare for^ferde Grimcytel bisceop. he wses
on Su&Sexan b'. and he lift on Cristes cyrican on Cantwara byrig.
and Eadward cyncg geaf Hecan. his preoste. -f b'rice. And on ]>is
THE LAUD MS. (E) 171
Yrling mid xxv scipon. and namon ]?ser unasecgendlice here
hufte. on mannum and on golde and on seolfre. ]?et nan man
nyste hwset ]?8es ealles wes. and wenclon ]?a onbuton Tenet,
and woldon j?ger J?et ilce don. ac J>et landfolc hardlice wiiS
stodon. and forwerndon heom segfter ge up ganges ge wseteres.
and aflymdon hi )?anon mid ealle. and hi wendon heom
J?anon to EastSeaxan. and hergodon )?aer and namon menn
and swa hwaet swa hi findan mihtan. and gewendon him
J?a east to Baldewines land, and sealdon J?8er ]?et hi gehergod
hsefdon. and ferdon heo syftfton east j?anon )?e hi ser comon.
1046. Her on ]?isum geare wses se myccla synoft eet See
Remei. Dser wses on Leo se papa, and se arcb' of Burgundia.
and se arceb' of Bysincun. and se arceb' of Treueris. and se
arceV of Remis. and manig mann ]?aerto. ge hadode ge Isewede.
and Edward cyng sende Jnder Dudocc b'. and Wlfric abb' of
(D) 1045. Her gefor ^Elf'ward b' on Lundene. on viii kl' Ag'. He
waes abb' on Eofeshamme serest. and ]? mynst' wel gefor^ode ]?a
hwile ]>e he jjser wses. gewende |)a to Ramesege. and j?ser his lif
aleet. And Manni wses to abbode gecoren and gehadod. on iiii id'
Ag'. And jjses geres man draf Gunnilde ut. -f ae^ele wif. Cnutes
cynges magan. and heo sy%$an sset set Brygee lange hwile. and for
to Denmarcon srS'San.
1046. Her gefor Brihtwold b'. on Wiltune scire. and man sette
Hereman on his setle. On ]>a geare gegaderade Eadward cyng
mycele scypferde on Sandwic. ]?urh Magnus J?reatunge on Norwegon.
ac his gewinn and Swegenes. on Denmarcon. geletton he her
ne com.
1047. Her forSferde Lyfing se wordsnotera b' x kl' Apr', and he
hsefde iii b'rice. and on Defena scire. and on Cornwalon. and on
Wigracestre. pa feng Leofric to Defena scire and to Cornwalon.
and Aldred b' to Wygracestre. And her man utlagode Osgod stal-
lere. And Magn' g'wann Denmarcon.
1048. Her wses se stij>a wint'. and |>aes geres forSferde jElfwine
b' on Wincestre. and Stigand b' wses on his setl ahafen. And eer
}>a. on J>an ilcan gere. forSferde Grimcytel b' on Su<5Sexum. and
Heca preost feng to |>am b'rice. And Swegen eac sende hider. baed
him fylstes ongean Magnus Norwega cyng. )? man sceolde sendan L
This should be 1044 &c. (so Flor.), but D has omitted that figure. He
rights it at length by putting 1052 twice. ,M. H. B.
z 2
172
THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1046) See Augustine, and Elfwine abb', ty hi sceolden J?am cynge
cyftan hwaet J?ser to Xpendome gecoreu waere.
And on ]?is ylcan geare ferde Eadward cyng lit to Sandwic
mid mycclan sciphere.
And com Swegn eorl in mid vii scipon to Bosenham.
and grrSode wiiS j?one cyng. and behet man him ^ he
(C) ylcan geare forSferde ^Elfwine b'. on iiii kl' Sept. and Eadward
cyncg geaf Stigande b'. ]> bisceoprice. And ^Ejjelstan abb' on
Abbandune forSferde on |>an ylcan geare on iiii kl' Aprl'. |>a wses
Ester deeig iii non' Aprl'. And wses ofer call Englaland swy}>e
my eel mancwelm on ]>an ylcan geare.
1048. Her on Jnsum geare wses my eel eorSstyrung wide on
Englalande. And on j>a ylcan geare man gehergode Sandwic.
and Wiht. and ofslohan }>a betsta men J>e J>ar wseron. And Eadward
cining and }>a eorlas foran sefter J>a ut mid heora scypun. And on
)>a ylcan geare Siward b' forlet f bisceoprice for his untrunysse.
and for to Abbandune. and Eadsige arceb' feng eft to J>a bisceoprice.
and he forSferde J>ses binnan viii wucan. on x kl' Nouembris.
1049. Her on )>isum geare se casere gaderode unarimedlice fyrde
ongean Baldewine of Brycge. jmrh ]?)> he brsec ]>sene palant set
Neomagan. and eac fela o^ra un)>anca J>e he him dyde. seo fyrd wses
unatellendlic J>e he gegaderod hsefde. Dser wses Leo se papa of
Rome, and fela mserra manna of manegan J?eodscipan. He sende
eac to Eadwerde cingce and bsed hine scip fultumes. )> he ne gej>a-
fode f he him on wsetere ne setburste. And he for Sa to Sandwic.
and J>ser Iseg mid my clan scyphere forS. )> se casere hsefde of Bald-
wine call ^ he wolde.
Dar com eft ongean Swegen eorl to Eadwerde cinge. and gyrnde
to him landes. f he mihte hine on afedan. Ac Harold his broker
wrScwse'S. and Beorn eorl. )> hig noldon hi agyfan nan }>ingc }>aes
)>e se cing heom gegyfen hsefde. He com hider mid hiwunge. cwseS
)> he wolde his man beon. and bsed Beorn eorl }> he him on
fultume wsere. ac se cingc him selces J>inges forwyrnde. Da ge-
wende Swegen to his scypon to Bosanham. and for God wine eorl
fra Sandwic mid xlii scypon to Pefenasse. and Beorn eorl forS mid
him. and ]>a se cing lyfde eallon Myrceon ham. and hig swa dydon.
Da cydde man )>am cinge )? Osgod lage on Ulpe mid xxix seypon.
|>a sende se cing aefter |>am scypon. J>e he ofsendan mihte. J>e innan
NorS muj?an lagon. Ac Osgod sette his wif on Brige. and wende
eft ongean mid vi scypon. and ]>a o'Sre foron on EastSeaxon to
Eadolfes nsesse. and )>ser hearm dydon. and wendon eft to scypon.
THE LAUD MS. (E)
173
moste wurSe [beon] selc )?sera J?inga )?e he ser ahte. Da (A. 0.1046)
wrSlseg Harold eorl his broftor and Beorn eorl. ^ he ne
moste beon nan J?aera J?inga wurfte )?e se cyng him geunnen
hsefde. ac sette man him iv nihta grift to his scipon. Da
wearft hit under ]?am ]?et J?am cynge com word, ty unnfrift
(D) scypa him to fultume. Ac hit J>uhte unrsed eallum folce. and hit
wearS J>a gelet j?urh -j? }>e Magn' hsefde micelne scypcrseft. And
he J>a aytte }>a Swegen ut. and mid mycclan man slihte j> land
gewann. and Dena him mycel feoh guidon, and nine to cynge
underfengon. And ]>i ylcan geare Magn' forftferde.
1049. Her com eft Swein to Denamarcon. and Harold for to
Norwegum. Magn' fsedera. syfrSan Magn' dead wees. and Normen
hine underfengon. and he sende ymb fry^ hider to lande. And
Swegen eac sende of Denmarcon. and bsed Eadward cyng scyp
fultumes. Dset sceolde beon set laestan L scypa. ac call folc wrS-
And her waes eac eorSstyrung on kl' Mai on manegum stowum on
Wygracestre. and on Wic. and on Deorby. and elles gehwser. and
eac wees switte mycel mancwealm and orfcwealm. and eac $ wilde
fyr on Deorby scire micel yfel dyde. and gehweer elles.
1050. On ]>isan geare se casere gegaderode un arimedlice fyrde
ongean Baldwine of Brygce. )>urh f he braec ]?a palentan set Neo-
magon and eac fela oj>ra un}>anca ]?e he him dyde. seo fyrd wses
un arimedlic J?e he gegaderad haefde. j)ser wses se papa on and se
patriarcha. and fela o^ra mserra manna of gehwilcu leodscypum. he
sende eac to Eadwarde cynge. and bsed hine scyp fultumes -f he ne
ge]>afode -f he ne aatburste on wsetere. and he for )>a to Sandwic.
and Iseg Jjser mid myclu scyphere forS -f se casere hsefde of Balda-
wine call f he wolde.
Dser com eac Swegen eorl. |>e for ser of J>isan lande to Denmarcon.
and J>ser forworhte hine wrS Denum. He com hider mid hiwunge.
cwse'S f he wolde eft bugan to )?am cynge. And Beorn eorl him
gehet f he him on fylste beon wolde. Da sy&San |>3es caseres seht
wses and Baldwines. foron fela scypa ham. and se kyng belaf bseftan
aat Sandwic mid feawu scypu. and Godwine eorl eac for mid xlii
scypum fram Sandwic to Peuenesea. and Beorn eorl him for mid.
Da cy^de man )>am cynge f Osgod lage on Ulpe mid xxxix scypon.
and se cyng )>a sende sefter j?am scypum ]?e he ofsendan mihte. J>e
aer ham wendon. And Osgod sette his wif on Brygce. and wendon
eft ongean mid vi scypum. And \>a o^re foron on Su^Sexe to
Eadulfes naesse. and J>ser hearm dydon. and wendon eft to scypon.
174
THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. io46)scipa laegen be westan and hergodon. Da gefwende] God-
wine eorl west onbuton mid J?es cynges ii scipum. j?am anan
steorde Harold eorl and J?am oftran Tostig his broftor. and
landes manna scipa xlii. Da scyfte man Harold eorl up ];0es
cynges scipe ]?e Harold eorl ser steorde. j?a gewendon hi west
to Peuenesea. and Isegeii j?8er wederfeste. Da ]?es binnon
ii dagum. }?a com Swegen eorl j?ider. and spec wift his feder
and wift Beorn eorl. and bed Beorn )? he sceolde faran mid
him to ftam cynge to Sandwic. and fylstan him to J?aes
cynges freondscipe. and he J?ses trSode. gewendon heom J?a
swylce hi woldon to "Sam cynge. Da amaug ]?am )?e hi ridon.
]?a baed Swegen hine ]?et he sceolde faran mid him to his
scipon. tealde ^ his sciperes woldon wsendon frarn him.
buton he )?e raiSor come. Hi gewendon J?a begen J?ser his
scipu laegen. J?a hi J>yder comon. ]?a bsed Swegen eorl hine
p he sceolde gewendon mid him to scipe. he forweornde
swrSe. swa lange oft his sciperes gefengon hine and wurpon
hine on )?one bat. and bundon hine and reowan to scipe and
dydon hine J?ser on. tugon J?a up heora segel. and urnon
west to Axamuftan. and hsefdon hine mid heom oft ]?et hi
(C 1049) Da Iseg Godwine eorl. and Beorn eorl. on Pefenasse. mid heora
scypon. Da co Swegen eorl mid facne. and bsed Beorn eorl -f
he his gefera wsere to |>a cinge to Sandwic. cwse^ -p he hi a)>as
swerigan wolde. and him hold beon. Da wende Beorn. for j>sere
sibbe f he him swican nolde. nam Sa iii geferan mid him. and ridon
J?a to Bosanham. call swa hi sceoldon to Sandwic. J?aer Swegenes
scypa lagon. And hine man sona geband. and to scype laedde. and
ferdon j?a to Dserenta imrSan. and hine J>ar let ofslean. and deope
bedelfan. Ac hine Harold his mseg \>ser fette. and to Wincestre
laedde. and }>ser bebyride wi'S Cnut cing his earn. And se cing J>a
and call here cwsedon Swegen for nixing, viii scypa he hsefde ser he
Beorn amyrSrode. sy^an hine forleton ealle butan ii. And he
gewende ]>a to Bricge. and )>ar wunode mid Baldwine.
And on J>ysum geare for^ferde Eadno^. se goda b' on Oxnaford-
scire. and Oswig abb' on Dornige. and Wulfno'S abb' on Westmyn-
stre. and Eadwerd cing geaf Ulfe his preoste f b'rice. and hit yfele
beteah.
And on |>yson ylcan geare Eadwerd cing scylode ix scypa of male,
and hi foron mid scypon. mid eallon. anweg. and belifon v scypa
bseftan. and se cing heom behet xii mona'S gyld.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 175
ofslogon hine. and namon ]?one lichaman and bebyrgedon 9
innari anre cyrican. And comon )?a his freond and litsmen
of Lundene. and namon hine up and feredon l hine to Win
ceastre to Ealdan mynstre. and he is j?aer byrged wiiS Cnut
cyng his earn. And Swegen gewende J?a east to Baldewines
lande. and sset J?aer ealne winter on Brycge mid his fullan
gritfe.
And on )?am ylcan geare forSferde Eadnoft V benorSan.
and sette man Ulf to biscop.
1047. Her on }>isum geare waes mycel gemot on Lundene
to midfestene. and man sette ut ix lits manna scipa. and fif
belifan wrSseftan.
and heorn com ba strang wind to. swa -p hi wseron ealle forfarene (D 1050)
buton feower. ba man ofsloh begeondan sse. On bam be Godwine
eorl and Beorn eorl lagon on Peuenesea. ba com Swein eorl. and
baed Beorn eorl. mid facne. )>e wses his eames sunn, f he his gefera
wsere to bam cynge to Sandwic. and his wisa wiS hine gebette. He
wende ba. for bsere sibbe. mid breom geferum. mid him. and he hine
Isedde ba toward Bosanham. bser his scypu lagon. and hine man ba
geband. and to scypa Isedde. Wende ba banon mid him to Derta-
mu^an. and hine j?ser het slean. and deope bedelfan. Hine man
funde eft. and ferede hine to Wincestre. and byrigde wi^ Cnut cyng
his earn. Lytle ser ]?an, J?a men of Haestinga ceastre and J?aerabutan.
gewunnori his twa scypa mid heora scypan. and ]?a men ealle of-
slogon. and ]>a scypa brohton to Sandwic to J>an cynge. Ehta
scypu he ha3fde ser he Beorn beswice. sy&Jan hine forleton ealle
buton twam.
On J>am ilcan geare comon upp on Wylisce Axa. of Yrlande. xxxvi
scypa. and j?ser abutan hearmas dydon. mid Gryfines fultume. )>8es
Weeliscan cynges. Man gegaderade \>a folc togenes. }>ser wses eac
Ealdred b' mid. ac hi hsefdon to lytelne fultum. and hi comon
unwser on heom. on ealne serne mergen. and fela godra manna J>ser
ofslogon. and J>a oj>re setburston for'S mid }>a b'e. J)is wses gedon on
iiii kl' Aug'.
Dses geres forSferde . . on Oxnafordscire. Oswi abb' on Dornege.
and WulfnoS abb' on Westmynstre. And Ulf pr' wses geset ]>am
b'rice to hyrde ]>e Eadno'S hsefde. ac he waes sy^an ofadryfon.
for|>an )>e he ne gefremede naht biscoplices J>aeron. swa -f us sceamaS
hit nu mare to tellanne. And Sigward b' gefor. se lige^ on Ab-
bandune.
9 bebyrigendan F. 1 ferendon F.
176 THE PARKER MS.
1050. Her for'Sferde Eadsige arceb'. and Rodbert
feng to arceb'rice. 1%
(C) And on bam ylcan geare ferde Hereman b' and Ealdred b' to
Rome, to Sa papan. on bees cinges eerende.
1050. Her on bysum gere comon ba bisceopas ham fram Rome,
and man geinlagode Swegen eorl. And on bys ylcan geare forS-
ferde Eadsige arceb' on iiii kl' Nouembris. and eac on J>ys
ylcan geare ^Elfric arceb' on Eoferwic cestre. on xi kl' Feb'. and
his lie lift on Burh. Da heefde Eadwerd cing witenagemot on
Lunden to midlencten. and sette Hrodberd to arceb' to Cantware
byrig. and Sperhafoc abb' to Lunden. and geaf RoSulfe b' his msege
f abbudrice on Abb'dune. And bses ylcan geares he sette ealle )>a
litsmen of male.
1051. Her on Jjysum geare com Rodbeard arceb' hider ofer sse
mid his palliu. And on bys ylcan geare man flymde Godwine
eorl. and ealle his suna. of Englalande. And he gewende to Bricge.
and his wif and his iii suna. Swegen. and Tostig. and GyrS. and
Harold and Leofwine wendon to Irlande. and bser wunedon baene
winter. And on bys ylcan geare forSferde seo ealde hlsefdige.
Eadwerdes cinges moder and HarSacnutes. Imme hatte. ii id' Mart,
and hyre lie IrS on Ealdan mynstre wi$ Cnut cing.
(D) And her man halgode -f miccle mynst' set Remys. Daer waes se [1046 E]
papa Leo. and se casere. and mycelne sinoS bser hsefdon embe Codes
beowdom. Done sino^ f cresset scs Leo papa, hit is earfcyS to witane
bara biscopa be baer to comon. and huru abbuda. and heonon of lande
wseron twegen g'sende. of see Agustine and of Rammesege.
1051. On |>isan geare gefor Eadsie arceb' on Cantware byri. and
se cyng sealde Rotbearde. ban Freoncyscan be ser wees b' on Lundene.
f arcerice. And Spearhafoc abb' of Abbandune feng to J>an b'rice
on Lundene. and hit wees eft of him genumen ser he gehadod wsere.
And Hereman b' and Ealdred b' foron to Rome.
2 sed fere perdidit ibi baculum suum, 8 )>a wolde his an man herebeorgian
quia nescivit ministerium suum. F. Lot. at anes mannes his un'Sances. swa ^ he
3 stsef F. wundode ]?one hus bunda. and se hus
4 gerihta F. bunda of sloh J?one man. Da wses Eu-
5 1050 F. Hie Eaduardus rex dedit statius swySe wra^S. and wearS upon
Rodberto, qui fuit abbas Gemeticensis, his horse, and his men. and ferdon to
archiepiscopatum Cantuarise. F. Lot. and ofslogon j?one ylcan husbandan.
6 Abbaddune F. and eac to eacan him ma >onne xx
7 >a he hsefde gespaecen }>at he men. F.
wolde. J>a cyrde he agen F.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 177
And on ]?ysum ilcan geare com Swegen eorl into Engla
lande.
And on J?ysum ilcan geare wses se mycele sinoiS on Rome,
and Eadward cyng seude ]?ider Hereman b* and Ealdred b'.
and hi comon J?yder on Easter sefen. And eft se papa hsefde
sinoiS on Tiercel, and Vlf b' com )?serto. and 2 forneah man
sceolde to brecan his stef ;J . gif he ne sealde J?e mare gersu-
man. forSan he ne cirSe don his gerihte 4 swa wel swa he
sceolde. And on J>isum geare forSferde Eadsige arceb' iiii
kl' Nouemb'.
1048. ^Her on Jnsum geare Eadward cyng gesette Rodbyrd
on Lundene to arceb' to Cantwara byrig. on Lengtene. And
J?ses sylfan Lentenes he for to Rome^aefter his pallium, and
se cyng geaf J>et biscoprice on Lundene Sparhafoc abbot of
c Abbandune. and se cyng geaf \$~\ abbot rice Roftulfe b' his
msege. Da com se arceb' frarn Rome ane dsege ser scs Petr' June 28
msessesefene. and gesset his arceb'stol set Xpescyrcean on scs
Petr' msesse dseg. and sona ]?aes to ]?am cyng ge wamde. Da com
Sparhafoc abV bewegfe] to him mid j?ses cynges ge write and
insegle. to J?an ]?et he hine hadian sceolde to b' into Lundene.
j?a wr3 cwe^ se arceb'. and cwse^ J?et se papa hit him for-
boden haefde. J?a gewende se abb' ongean J?one arceb' eft
to 'Sam. and J?ser J>es biscophades gernde. and se arceb' him
anraedlice forwernde. and cwse^ J?et se papa hit him forboden
heefde. Da gewende se abb' to Lundene. and sset on )?am
biscoprice )?e se cyng him aer geunnan hsefde be his fulre
leafe. ealne J?one sumor and )?one hserfest.
And com J?a Eustatius fram geondan see sona sefter J?ani
biscop. and gewende to $am cynge. and spaec wi^ hine "^ f
he J?a wolde. and gewende J?a hamweard. pa he com to
Cantwarbyrig east J?a snaedde he J>aer and his menn. and to
Dofran gewende. Da he waes sume mila oftSe mare be-
heonan Dofran. ]?a dyde he on his byrnan. and his geferan
ealle. and foran to Dofran. pa hi Jnder comon. J?a woldon hi
innian hi J?aer heom sylfan gelicode. 8 J?a com an his manna,
and wolde wician set anes bundan huse his un^ances. and
gewundode J?one husbundon. and se husbunda ofsloh ]?one
ofterne. Da wear's FJustati' uppon his horse, and his ge
feoran uppon heora. and ferdon to J>a husbundon. and of-
slogon hine binnan his agerian heorSse. and wendon him ]?a
A a*
178 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1048) up to J?gere burgeweard. and ofslogon aegiSer ge wrSinnan ge
wrSutan. ma j?anne xx manna. And J?a burhmeii ofslogon
xix menn on oftre healfe. and gewundoden ^ hi uystan hii
fela. And Eustatius aetbserst mid feawum mannum. and ge
wende ongean to J?am cynge. and 6 cydde be daele hu hi
gefaren haefdon. and wearS se cyng swij?e ? gram wi$ J?a
burhware. and H ofssende se cyng Godwine eorl. and bsed
hine faran into Cent mid unfrrSa to Dofran. for)?an Eustatius
haefde gecydd )?am cynge ]?et hit sceolde beon mare gylt
J?sere burhvvaru }?onne his. ac hit nses ua swa. and se eorl
nolde na ge $wa3rian J?sere infare. forj?an him wses laft to
9 amyrrene his agenne folgaft.
Da sende se cyng sefter eallon his witan. and bead heom
cuman to Gleaweceastre neh J?8ere aeftre sea Maria msessan.
pa haefdou ]?a welisce menn gewroht aenne castel on Here-
fordscire on Swegenes eorles folgofte. and wrohten selc J?a3ra
harme and bismere \>&s cynges mannan )?8er abutan J?e hi
mihton. Da com Godwine eorl and Swegen eorl and Harold
eorl togsedere aat By feres stane. and manig mann mid heom.
to fton ty hi woldon faran to heora cynehlaforde. and to J?am
witan eallon J?e mid him gegaderode waeron. f hi fses cynges
rted hsefdon and his fultum and ealra witena. hu hi mihton
j?ses cynges bismer awrecan and ealles ]?eodscipes. Da waBron
}>a wselisce men ] taatforan mid )?am cynge. and forwregdon
i5a eorlas. J?et hi ne moston cuman 2 on his eagon ge sih'Se.
For^an hi ssedon ^ hi woldon cuman J?ider for ]?es cynges
swicdome. Wses ]?ser cuman Si ward eorl and Leofric eorl.
and mycel folc mid heom norj?an to }?am cynge. and wses
)?am eorle Godwine and his sunan gecydd *p se cyng and J?a
menn ]?e mid him waeron. woldon raedon on hi. and hi
trymedon hi faestlice ongean. ]?seh him la^ waere -p hi ongean
heora cynehlaford standan sceoldan. Da geraedden J?a witari
on aeg^er halfe ^ man $a aelces yfeles geswac. and 3 geaf se
cyng Godes grrS. and his fulne freondscipe on aegiSre healfe.
6 saede fta ciuge wyrs 'Sonne hit suum, dissimulavit ire illuc^ F. Lat,
wse.-e F. 9 amyrrende F.
7 wraft F. I Beror F.
^ pficcopit . . , ut congregaret exer- - neh "San einge F.
citum et intraret Cautiam, omnia de- ^ se cing gif "Sa eorlan his Cullan
vastandOj et maximc Dofras. Sed freondscipe F.
^ nolens d<. j struro coinitatuncv
THE LAUD MS. (E) 179
Da ^gersedde se cyning and bis witan p man sceolde oiSre (A.D. 1048)
sySan habban ealra gewitena 3 gemot on Lundene to hser-
(D) 1052. Her forSferde Citric arceb'. on Eoferwic. swifte arwyrSe
wer and wis. And on J?an ylcan geare alede Eadward cyng f
heregyld f .'E^elred cyng ser astealde. -Jj waes on j?ara nigori and
jmttigoSan geare }>3es J>e he hit ongunnon haefde. Deet gyld
gedrehte ealle Engla }>eode on swa langum fyrste. swa hit bufan
her awriten is. ]? waes sefre setforan o^rura gyldum |>e man myslice
geald. and men mid monigfealdlice drehte.
On J>am ylcan geare com Eustatius up set Doferan. se haefde Ead-
wardes cynges sweostor to wife. Da ferdon his men dyslice seft'
inne. and sumne man ofslogon of }>am porte. and o'Ser man of }>a porte
heora geferan. swa ^ ]>3er lagon vii his geferana. And micel hearm
}>ser gedon wses on seg^re healfe. mid horse and eac mid wsepnum. o'S
f folc gegaderede. and hi |>a aetflugon ^ hi comon to J>am cynge to
Gleawcestre. and he heom gry$ sealde. Da undernam Godwine eorl
swy^e ty on his eorldome sceolde swilc geweor^an. ongan j?a gadrian
folc ofer call his eorldom. and Swein eorl his sunu ofer his. and Harold
his oSer sunu ofer his eorldom. and hi gegaderedan ealle on Gleaw-
cesterscire. set Langatreo. mycel fyrd and unarimedlic. ealle gearwe
to wige ongean j?one cyng. buton man ageafe Eustatsius and his
men heo to hand sceofe. and eac |?a Frencyscan |?e on }>an castelle
waeron. Dis waes gedon vii nihton aer |>sere lateran sea Maria Sep.
msessan. Da wses Eadward cyng on Gleawcestre sittende. Sende
j?a sefter Leofrice eorle. and norS a?fter Siwarde eorle. and ba?d
heora gencges. And hi him }>a to comon aerest mid medemum
fultume. ac srSSan hy wiston hu hit J>aer be suSan waes. Jm sendon
hi norS ofer ealne heora eorldom. and leton beodan mycele fyrde.
heora hlaforde to helpe. and Raulf eac ofer his eorldom. and comon
$a ealle to Gleaweceastre }?am cynge to helpe, J>eah hit Iset waere.
Wurdan J?a ealle swa anraede mid j?am cynge. $ hy woldon God-
wines fyrde gesecan. gif se cyng f wolde. Da leton hy surne. -f
mycel unraed wsere. ^ hy togedere comon. forj>am }>a?r woes meest
^ rotoste f waes on Englalande on |>am twam gefylcu. and leton )?
hi urum feondum rymdon to lande. and betwyx us sylfum to myc-
clum forwyrde. Geraeddon J?a ^ man sealde gislas betweonan. and
setton stefna ut to Lundene. and man bead j?a folce }>ider ut ofer
ealne |>isne noi^ende on Siwardes eorldome. and on Leofrices. and
eac elles gehwser. and sceolde Godwine eorl and his suna jjser cuman
4 gehet F. 5 gewitena F too.
A a 2
TI-TE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1048) festes emnihte. and het se cyning barman ut here. segSer ge
be suSan Temese ge be norSan call "p sefre betst wses. )a
cwseiS man Swegen eorl utlah. and stefnode 6 man Godwine
eorle and Harolde eorle to ]?on ge mote swa ra'Se swa hi hit
gefarau mihton. pa hi )?ider utcomon. ]?a stefnede heom
man to ge mote. J?a gyrnde he grimes and gisla. f>et he moste
unswican into gemote cuman. and ut of ge mote. Da gyrnde
se cyng ealra J?sera J>egna ]?e J?a eorlas ser hsefdon. and hi
letan hi ealle him to handa. pa sende se cyng eft to heom.
and bead heom "p hi comon mid xii mannum 7 into J>ses
cynges rsede. pa geornde se eorl eft grimes and gisla. p he
moste hine betellan set tele J?sera Jringa )?e him man 8 onlede.
9 pa wyrnde him mann $era gisla. and sceawede him mann v
nihta grrS ut of lande tofarenne. And gewende J?a Godwine
eorl and Swegen eorl to Bosenham. and scufon ut heora
scipu. and gewendon heom begeondan see. and gesohton
Baldewines grift, and wunodon )>8er ealne )?one winter. And
Harold eorl ge wende west to Yrlande. and wses j?ser ealne
J?one winter on ]?es cynges grrSe. And sona J?ses J>e J;is wses.
|?a forlet se cyng j?a hlsefdian. seo wses gehalgod him to
cwene. and let niman of hire eall "p heo ahte. on lande and
on golde and on seolfre and on eallon J?ingon. and betsehte
hy his swyster to ] Hwerwillon.
And ' 2 Sparhafoc abb' weariS ^a adrifen ut of )?a biscoprice
on Lundene. and wes WilPm )?ses cynges preost gehadod
J?serto. And man sette ]>a Oddan to eorle ofer Defenascire.
and ofer Sumersseton. and ofer Dorseton. and ofer Wealas.
And mann sette ^Elfgar Leofrices sunu eorles ^ane eorldom
on handa j?e Harold ser ahte.
6 bead F. E misses 1049, 1050, 1051, and
7 to fta cinge F. agrees with C and D upon 1052, where
8 me F. harmony is restored between C and D
9 )>a wyrnde men him and bead him by the repetition of 1052 in D. The
ut binnan v nihtan. and he ferde ofer death of Emma is put by C under 1051
see to Baldwin lande. F. (p. 176), his year ending at Easter.
1 HwerewylleF. M. H. B.
2 Spearhauoc F.
THE LA IT) MS. (E) 181
1052. Her on ^isum geare forSferde ./Elfgiue Ymma Ead-
wardes cynges modor and Hardacnutes cynges.
(D) to wij>ermale. Da comon hy to Suj> geweorce. and micel msenegeo
mid heom of WestSsexum. ac his wered wanode sefre J?e leng ]>c
swifior. And man borhfseste J?am kyninge ealle )>a ]?cegnas ]?e wseron
Haroldes eorles his suna. and man utlagode ]?a Swsegn eorl his
o^Serne sunu. Da ne onhagode him to cumenne to wrSermale
ongean |?one cyng. and agean ]>one here j?e him mid wses. For *6a.
on niht awseg. and se cyng hsefde }>?es on morgen witenagemot. and
cwse'S hine utlage. and eall here, hine and ealle his suna. And he
wende su'S to Dornege. and his wif. and Swegen his suna. and
Tostig and his wif. Baldwines mage set Brycge. and Ger& his suna.
And Harold eorl and Leofwine foran to Brycgstowe. on }> scip J>e
Swegen eorl hsefde him silfum eer gegearcod and gemetsod. And
se cining sende Ealdred b' of Lundene mid genge. and sceoldon
hine of ridan eer he to scipe come, ac hi ne mihton. o&Se hi noldon.
And he wende }>a ut of Afenernu<5an. and feng swa stiS weder f he
unease awseig com. and him |?aer micel forferde. Wende J?a for^ to
Irlande. 'Sa him weder com. and Godwine and )>a J>e mid him wseron
wendan of Dornege to Brycge. to Baldwines lande. on anum scipe.
mid swa miclum gsersuman swa hi mihton |?seron msest gelogian to
selcum mannum. Dset wolde ^yncan wundorlic aelcum men J?e on
Engla lande wees, gif asnig man s&r |>am ssede f hit swa gewur]>an
sceolde. foi^am ]je he waes ser to J?am swy(5e upahafen. swylce he
weolde J>ses cynges and ealles Engla landes. and his sunan wseron
eorlas. and j>a3S cynges dyrlingas. and his dohtor jjsem cynge be-
weddod and beaswnod. J>a man gebrohte to Hwserwellan. and hy
|>eere abedissan betsehton.
Da sone com Willelm eorl fram geondan sse mid mycclum werode
Frencisra manna, and se cyning hine underfeng. and swa feola his
geferan swa him to onhagode. and let hine eft ongean. Dses ilcan
geres man sealde Wyllelme preoste -f b'rice on Lundene. |>e wses ser
Spserhafoce geseald.
1052. Her forj>ferde ^Elfgyfu seo hlefdige. JESelredes laf cynges
and Cnutes cynges on ii non' Mar.
On ]>am ilcan gere hergode Griffin, se Wylisca cing. on Hereford
scire f he com swyj?e neah to Leomynstre. and men gadorodon
ongean. seg^er ge landes men ge Frencisce men of 'Sam castele. and
man J>ser ofsloh swy]>e feola Engliscra godra manna, and eac of }>am
Frenciscum. -f wses )>ses ylcan dseges. on Sreottene geara. }>e man r
Eadwine ofsloh mid his geferum.
182 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A. D. 1052) And on ]?am sylfan geare geraedde se cyng and his \vitan -j?
mann sceolde forSian ut to Sandwic scipu. and setton Raulf
eorl and Oddan eorl to heafodmannum bserto. Da gewende
God wine eorl ut fram Brycge mid his scypum to Yseran. and
let ut ane dsege ser midsumeres maesse sefene ^ he com to
Nsesse. )?e is besuiSan Rumen ea. pa com hit to witenne
J?a eorltim ut to Sandwic. and hi fa gewendon ut aefter
F 1051 . . [E 1052] . . And Godwine eorl ferde ut of Brige mid his scipan
to Yseran. and swa to Englalande. and com up at Naesse be suiSan Rumenea.
and ferde swa to Wiht. and na t>ar ealle ~5a scipan $a to ahte mihtan and
gislas. and cyrde hi swa eastward. And Harold was cumen mid ix scipon
up at Portlocan. and ofsloh ftar mycel folc. and na orf. and menn. and eahta.
and ge wende hi east ward to his faeder. and hi begen ferdan to Rumon ea.
to HiSe. to Folcstane. to Doferan. to Sandwic. and aefre naman ealle '8a
scipan t>e hi fundan "Sa to ahte mihte. and gislas. eal swa ferdan and gewendon
fta to Lundene. Da hi to Lundene comon. "Sa laeg se cing and ealle his eorlas
J>ar ongean mid L scipon. Da sendan fla eorlas to fta cinge. and georndan
t> hi moston beon heora )nnga and are wurfte fte heom mid unrihte benumen
was. Da wift leg se cing sume hwile. ac Stigand. J>e was J>es cinges rsed gifa
and his hand preost. and fta oftre wise men geraeddan. ^ man getrymde gislas
on aegftrae healfe. and swa scolde se freondscipe beon gefaestnod. Da Rodbert
arb' ft geaxode. fla nam he his hors. and ferde him to Eadulfes naesse. and
wearS him on anum unwraecum scipe. and ferde him on an ofer sae. and for let
his pallium. Da cwaeS man mycel gemot wicS uton Lundene. and on >a gemote
wasran "Sa betstan men J>e waeran on "Sysen lande. Dar basr Godwine up his
mal. and betealde hine wi5 Eadward cing be eallum fta, "Singan tJe him was on
geled. and his bearnum. And man cwaeft Rodbert arb' utlaga. and ealla "Sa
Frencisce men. for)>an hi waeran intinga J>are wrae'Se ^Se was betwyx him and
i5an cinge. And Stigand b' feng to "San arb'rice on Cantuareb'i.
(C) 1052. Her com Harold eorl of Irlande mid scipum on Saefern
muSan. neh Sumerseetan gemseran and Defenescire. and baer mycel
gehergode. and -f land folc him ongean gaderodan. segfter ge of
Sumersaeton ge of Defene scire. and he hig aflymde. and baer ofsloh
ma bonne xxx godera begena. butan o^rum folce. and sona a?ft'
ban for abutan PenwrS steort. And ba let Eadward cyng scypian xl
snacca. Da lagan set Sandwic manega wucan. ba sceoldon ssetnian
Godwines eorles be on Brycge wa?s ba?ne winter, and he beh com
hider to lande serest. swa hig hit nysten. And on ftam fyrste be he
her on lande wses. he gespeon him to ealle Kentingas. and ealle ba
butse carlas of Hsestingan and baer seghwar be bsere sae riman. and
eallne basne Eastende. and SuSSexan. and SirSrigan. and mycel
elles to eacan ban. Da cwaedon ealle )> hi mid him woldon licgan
and lybban. Da geaxedon $ lr& ^ on Sandwic liieg embe Godwines
THE LAUD MS. (E) 183
J?am oftrum scipum. and bead man land fyrde ut ougean J?a (A. D. 1053)
scipu. pa atuang ]?ison J?a wearS Godwine eorl ge warned.
and gewende him J?a into Pefenesea. and wearS f wseder
swrSe strang. "p J?a eorlas ne mihton ge witan hwet Godwine
eorl gefaren hsefde. And gewende j?a Godwine eorl ut
agean ^ he com eft to Bryege. and $a o$ra scipu gewenden
heom eft ongean to Sandwic. And gersedde man J?a "p Ja
scipu gewendan eft ongean to Lundene. and sceolde man
setton o$re eorlas and ofire hasaeton to ]?a scipum. Da
lengde hit man swa lange j? seo scipfyrd eall belaf. and
gewendon ealle heom ham. Da geaxode Godwine eorl ]?et.
and teah j?a up his segl and his lift, and gewendon heom ]?a
west on an to Wiht. and eodon J?aer up. and hergodon swa
lange J?aer -p j? folc geald heom swa mycel swa hi heom on
legden. And gewendon heom J?a westweard 0$ j?et hi comon
to Portlande. and eodon )?ser up and dydon to hearme swa
hwet swa hi don mihton.
pa wes Harold gewend lit of Yrlande mid nigon scipon.
and com J?a up set Port locan. and wes J?ser mycel folc gega-
derod ongean. ac he ne wandode na him metes to tylienne.
code lip and ofsloh )?8er mycelne ende J?es folces. and nam
him on orfe. and on mannum. and on sehtum. swa him ge-
wearS. and gewende him J?a eastweard to his feder. And
gewendon heom J?a begen eastweard $ hi comon to Wiht.
and namon Ip&r ty him ser wr$ aeftan wses. and gewendon
heom J?a )?anon to Pefenesea. And begeat forS mid him swa
fela scipu swa )?a3r fera waeron. and swa forS ^ he com to
And sona com Harold eorl of Irlande mid his scipum to (D 105*^
Saefern mu'San neh Sumer sseton gemsere and Dafenascire and J?aer
mycel gehergode. and f landfolc him ongean gaderode. segj>ser ge
of Suinor sseton ge of Defnascire. and he hyg aflimgde. and J?ser
ofsloh maj>on xxx godra ^egna baton o'Sre folce. and sona a?ft' Sam
for abuton PenwrS steort. And j>a laet Eadward cyng scypian xl
snacca }>a lagon set Sandwic. J>a sceoldon cepan Godwines eorles t5e
on Bryege wa?s }>one wint'. and he ^cah co hider tolande serest swa
hy hit nystan. and on J>a \>e he her on lande wses, he gespeon ealle
Centingas. and ealle )>a butsekarlas of Hsestingu and J?ser seghwan
abuton be |>3ere sse riman. and ealne EastSexan. and Suj>erege. and
mycel elles to eacan J>am. J^a cwsedon ealle ^ hi woldon mid him
libban and licgean. pa ge axedon ^ li^ ^ on Sandwic lacg cmbc
184 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1052) Nsesse. and begeat ealle }>a scipu J?e wseron on Rumen ea.
and on HyJ?e. and on Folcesstane. And gewendon )?a east
to Dofran. and eodon J?ser up. and namon him j?3er scipu. and
gislas. swa fela swa hi woldon. and ferdon swa to Sandwic.
and dydon hand ^ sylfa. and heom man geaf seghwer gislas
and metsunga. ]?ser ]?a3r hi gyrndon. And gewendon heom
(C 1052) fare, setton }>a eefter. And he heom eetbaerst. and him sylfan gebearh
jjser J?aer he ]>a mihte. and -f IrS wende agen to Sandwic. and swa
hamwerd to Lunden byrig. Da Jja Godwine geaxode ]> }> IrS }>e on
Sandwic keg wa?s ham gewend. |>a for he eft ongean to Wiht. and
}>ser abutan be j^a sseriman swa lange Iseg f hig comon toga3dere.
Harold eorl his sunu and he. And hi na mycelne hearm ne dydon
sy^an hig togaedere comon. buton ^ heo metsunge namon. ac
speonnon heom eall ]> landfolc to be o7i sue rim an. and eac up on
lande. and hig foron towerd Sandwic. and la?son a?fre for mid
heom ealle }>a butse carlas J>e heo gemetton. and comon )>a to Sand-
wic mid geotendan here. Da Eadwerd cyng ty geaxode. )>a sende
he up sett' maran fultume. ac hi comon swy'Se late. And Godwine
sah him a?fre towerd Lundenes mid his liSe. -f he com to Su$
geweorce. and ]?3er on bad sume hwile o^ -f flod up code. On }>a
fyrste he eac gefadode wiS |>a burhware. -f hi woldon msest ealle f f
he wolde. Da he heefde ealle his fare gerecenod. J>a com se flod.
and hig brudon up ^a sona heora ancran. and heoldon ]?urh ]?a
brycge be 8a syS lande. and seo landfyrd com ufenon and trym-
edon hig be j?a strande. and hi hwemdon }?a mid |>a scypon
wit$ |?aes norSlandes. swylce hig woldon ]>9es cynges scipa abutan
betrymman. Se cyng hsefde eac mycele landfyrde on his healfe
to eacan his scyp mannum. ac hit wa?s heom maest eallon laS $ hig
sceoldon fohtan wr& heora agenes cynnes mannum. for]?an ]>ar waes
lyt elles |>e aht mycel myhton buton Englisce men. on segSer healfe.
and eac hig noldon -f utlendiscum }?eodum waere |>es card j?urh -f j?e
swi^or gerymed ]>e hi heom sylfe alc o^erne forfore. Gerseddon ]?a
f man sende wise men betweonan. and setton grrS on seg^re healfe.
And Godwine for upp. and Harold his sunu. and heora IrS swa
rnycel swa heom }>a ge)>uhte. And wses )>a witenagemot. and man
sealde Godwine cleene his eorldom. swa full and swa forcS swa he
fyrmest ahte. and his sunum eall swa eall ji hi a?r ahten. and his
wife and his dehter. swa ful and swa forft swa hi ar ahton. And hi
gefa?stnodon heom }>a fulnc freondscipe betweonan. and ealluin folce
gode lage beheton. And gcutlageden }>a ealle Frcncisce men j?e er
THE LAUD MS. (E) 185
}m to NorSmirSan. and swa* to LundenewearS. and sume j?a(A,D. 1052)
scipu gewendon binnon Scepige. and dydon }?eer mycelne
hearm. and gewendon heom to Middeltune j?3es cynges. and
forbearndon ty call, and wseron heom to Lundeneweard
sefV )?a eorlan. Da hi to Lundene comon. )?a Iseg se cyng
and J?a eorlas ealle ]?ser ongean raid L scipum, pa sendon )?a
eorlas to J>a cynge. and gerndon to him ty hi moston beon
wurSe selc J?aera j?inga J?e heom mid unrihte ofgenumen wses.
Godwines fare, setton }>a eft', and he heom setbserst. and f IrS (D 1052)
wende ongean to Sandwic and swa hamweard to Lunden byrig, pa
J>a Godwine geaxede f f IrS |>e on Sandwic Iseig wses ham gewend.
a for he seft ongean to Wiht. and j?eer abutan be |>a sse riman swa
lange f hi comon togsedere Harold eorl his suna. and hi noldon no
mycelne hearm don sy'SSon. buton jj hyg metsunge namon. Ac
speonnan heom ]?a call f landfplc to. be ^am sse riman. and eac
uppon lande. and hy foran toweard Sandwic and Iseson sefre for^
mid heom ealle J>a butsecarlas )>e hy gemetton and coman ]>a to
Sandwic mid geotendan here, pa Eadward f geaxode J>a sende he
upp seft' maran fulltume. ac hy coman swi]?e leete. and Godwine sseh
him aefre toward Lundenne mid his lij>e f he com to Suj^weorce.
and J>ser abad sume hwile. o$ f f flod upp code, on J>am fyrste and
sec ser he gefadode wij) Sa burhwaru. f hi msest ealle woldon ^set
he wolde. pa]?a he hsefde ealle his fare gereconod. J>a com^f flod and
hy brudon sona upp heora ancras and heoldan |>urh )>a brycge aa bi
|>em su|> lande. and seo landfyrde coman ofenan and trymedon hy
be jjsem strande. and hy hwemdan 8a mid J>am scipu swylce hy
woldon Ses cynges scypu abuton betryman. Se cyning hsefde eac
micle land fyrde on his halfe to eacan his scip mannu. Ac hit wes
msest eallan la^ to feohtanne wiS heora agenes cynnes mannu. for-
}>ser wses lytel elles }>e aht mycel myhton butan Englisce on
e healfe. and eac hi noldon f utlendiscu mannu wsere )>es eard
}>urh f $e swiSor gerymed ]?e hi him sylfe selc oj?erne forfore. Ge-
rseddan }>a ^ man sende wyse men be tweonan and setton grrS on
aegSre halfe. and Godwine for upp and Harold and heora litS swa
micel swa heom ]?a ge)mhte. and wses ]>a witenegemot and man
sealde Godwine claene his eorldom swa full and swa for$ swa he
fyrmest ahte. and his sunu eallu call ^ hy ser ahton. and his
wife and his dohtor swa full and swa for$ swa hi ahton and hi
fsestnedon ]?a fulne freondscipe heom betweonan. and allii folce
fulle lagu beheton. and geutlagedon ealle J?a Frenciscean ]?e ser
Bb
186 THE PARKER MS. (ff)
1053. Her Goduuine eorl forSferde.
next
(C) unlage rserdon' and undom demdon- and unrsed rseddon* into ^issum
earde. baton swa feala swa hig gerseddon f |>am cynge gelicode mid
him to haebbenne. ]?e him getreowe wseron and eallum his folce.
And Rodbeard bisceop. and Willelrn b'. and Ulf b'. unease set
burstan. mid )>a Frenciscum mannum J>e heom mid wseron. and
swa ofer sse becomon. And Godwine eorl. and Harold, and seo
cwen sseton on heora are. Swegen for seror to Hierusale of
Bricge. and wearS hamweard dead set Constantinopolim to Micha-
heles msesse. Dset wses on ]?one Monandseg seft' sea Marian msesse
ty Godwine mid his scipum to SirSgeweorce becom. and J?ses on
merigen. on }>one Tiwesdaeg. hi gewurdon sehte. swa hit her beforan
stent. Godwine }?a gesiclode hraSe )>3es }>e he up com. and eft ge-
wyrpte. ac he dyde ealles to lytle dsedbote of )>sere Godes are }>e he
hsefde of manegum halgum stowum. On J?am ylcan geare com se
stranga wind on Thomes msesse niht. and gehwser mycelne hearm
dyde. Eac man sloh Hris |?ESS Welscan cynges broker.
1053. On J>ysum geare wses se cyning on Winceastre on Eastran.
and Godwine eorl mid him. and Harold eorl his sunu. and Tostig.
Da on oSran Easter daege sset he mid 'Sam cynincge set gereorde. }>a
fseringa sah he nrSer wiS }>ses fotsetles. sprsece benumen. and ealre
his mihte. and bine man 'Sa breed into 'Sees kinges bure. and 'Sohtan
f hit ofergan sceolde. ac hit nses na swa. ac Jwrh wunode swa un-
specende and mihteleas for^ o'S ]?one Dunresdseg. and ^a his lif
alet. and he lift J>aer binnan Ealdanmynstre. And his sunu Harald
feng to his eorldome. and let of San J?e he ser hsefde. and ^Elfgar
fengc ^aerto.
Dses ylcan geares gefor Wulfsie b' on Licedfelda. and Leofwine
(D) unlagon rserdon' and undom demdon' and unrsed rseddan* into 8issu
eardu. buton swa fela swa hi gerseddon }> }>am cynge gelicode mid
hi to habbenne )>e him getreowe wseron and eallu his folce. And
Rodbeard arceb'. and Willelm b'. and Ulf b'. uneaSe setburstan mid
J?a Frenciscean mannu ]>e hi mid wseron. and swa ofer sse comon.
1053. Her waes se micla wind on Domes msesse niht. and eac eall
)>a mide winter wses mycel wind. And man rsedde -f man sloh Hris.
J>ses Wyliscean cynges broker, for^y he hearmas dyde. and man
brohte his heafod to Gleacestre on twelftan sefen. And ]?ses ylcan
geres. foran to alra halgena maessan. forSferde Wulfsyg b' set Licet-
felda. and Godwine abb' on Wincelcumbe. and ^Egelward abb' on
THE LAUD MS. (E) 187
Da wr3 laeg se cyng sume hwile ]?eah. swa lange o$ )?et folc
)?e mid J?a eorle wes. wearft swrSe astyred ongean ]?one cyng.
and ongean his folc. swa "j? se eorl sylf earfoiSlice gestylde
p folc. J?a ferde Stigand biscop to mid Godes fultume. and
)>a wise nienn. segftser ge binnan burh ge buton. and ge-
rseddon ty man tremede gislas on segiSer healfe. and man
swa dyde. Da geaxode Rotberd arcb' and ]?a Frencisce
menn -p. genamon heora hors. and gewendon sume west to
Pentecostes castele. sume norS to Eodb'tes castele. And
Rodberd arcb' and Ulf b' gewendon ut set JEstgeate. and
heora geferan. and ofslogon and elles amyrdon manige iunge
men. and gewendon heorn on an to Ealdulfesnsese. and wearS
him J?ger on anon unwrseste scipe. and ferde him on an ofer
see. and forlet his pallium and Xpendom ealne her on lande.
swa swa hit God wolde. }>a he ser begeat ]?one wur^scipe swa
swa hit God nolde. Da cwseiS mann mycel gemot wiftutan
Lundene. and ealle )?a eorlas and )?a betstan menn J>e wseron
on J?ison lande wseron on J>a gemote. )?8er bser Godwine
eorl lip his mal. and betealde hine ]?a3r wr$ Eadward cyng
his hlaford and wift ealle landleodan. )?et he wses unscyldig
J?ses )?e him geled wses. and on Harold his sunu. and ealle his
beam. And se cyng forgeaf J?a eorle and his bearnum
his fulne freondscype and fulne eorldom and call ]?et he ser
ahte. and eallon ]?am maimon )?e him mide wseron. and se
cyng geaf J?sere hlsefdian eall ^ heo ser ahte. And cwe$
man utlaga Rotberd arcb ; fullice. and ealle )?a Frencisce
menn. forftan ]?e hi macodon msest ]?et unseht betweonan
Godwine eorle and J?a cynge. And Stigand V feng to J?a
arcb' rice on Cantwarabyrig. And on fis ilcan tyme forlet
Arnwi abb' of Burh abbot rice, be his halre life, and geaf 29
hit Leofric munec be ]?es cynges leafe and be ]?8ere munece.
and se abbot Arnwi lifode sy$$on viii wintre. And se abbot
Leofri[c go]dede J?a ^ mynstre swa -p man hit cleopede J>a
Gildeneburh. )?a wsex hit swi$e on land and on gold and
on seolfer.
1053. Her on J?isum geare foriSferde Godwine eorl 6 on
xvii k' Mai. and he is bebyrged on Winceastre. on Ealda-
mynstre. and feng Harold eorl his sunu to ftam eorldome.
6 Her was Godwine eorl dead. F.
B b 2
188 THE LAUD MS. (E)
and to eallum )?am J?e his faeder ahte. and feng ^Elfgar eorl
to ftam eorldom ]>e Harold ser ahte.
1054. Bellum apud mare mortuum. Her on J?isum geare
forSferde Leo se halga papa on Rome. And on )>isum geare
wses swa my eel orfcwealm. swa man ne gemunde fela wintrum
ser. And Uictor wses gecoren to papan.
(C) abb' on Cofantreo feng to $a bisceoprice. and ^Egelward abbud on
Glaestingabyrig gefor. and Godwine abb' on Wincelcumbe.
Eac Wylsce menn geslogan mycelne dael Englisces folces $aera
weardmanna. wiS Wsestbyrig.
On ^isson geare nees nan arcebisceop on Nissan lande. butan
Stigand b' heold f bisceoprice on Cantwarabyrig on Cristescyrcean.
and Kynsige on Eoforwic. and Leofwine and Wulfwi foran ofer sae.
and leton hig hadian j?ser to bisceopum. se Wulfwi feng to 8am
biscoprice J>e Ulf haefde. be him libbendum. and ofadraefdum.
1054. Her for Siward eorl mid mycclum here into Scotlande. and
mycel wael of Scottum gesloh. and hig aflymde. and se cing set
baerst. Eac feoll mycel on his healfe. aeg^er ge Densce ge Englisce.
and eac his agen sunu. Daes ylcan geares man halgode )> mynster
on Eofeshame. on vi id' Octobris. On ^a ylcan geare ferde
Ealdred biscp suS. ofer sa?. into Sexlande. and wearS j>ser mid
mycelre arwar^nesse underfangen. Dy ylcan geare swealt Osgod
Clapa. fseringa swa swa he on his reste leeg.
1055. On J>ysum geare forftferde Siward eorl. on Eoforwic. and
his lie IrS binnan )>a mynstre set Galmanho. ]>e he sylf ser getim-
brade. Gode to lofe. and eallum his halgum. Da Saerseft' binnan
lyttlan fyrste. wses witenagemot on Lundene. and man geutlagode
j?a ^Elfgar eorl. Leofrices sunu eorles. butan selcan gylte. and he
gewende Sa to Trlande. and begeat him ^aer li^. -f wses xviii scipa.
butan his aegenan. and wendan 8a to Brytlande. to Griffine cinge.
mid J>am werede. and he hine underfeng on his grrSe. And hig
gegaderadan ^a mycle fyrde mid ^a Yriscan mannan and mid
Walkynne. and Rawulf eorl gaderade mycele fyrde agean to Here-
ford port. And hi sohtan hi ^aer. ac ser J>ser waere eenig spere
gescoten. a?r fleah ^aet Englisce folc. for^an ]?e hig waeran on
horsan. and man sloh ^ser mycel wsel. abutan feower hund manna,
o^e fife, and hig naenne agean. And hig gewendan 8a to Sa
porte. and Saet forbaerndan. and maere mynster Se JE]>elstan. se
arwur^a biscop. aer let getimbrian. -f hig beryptan and bereafodan.
?et haligdome. and set hreaue. and aet eallon ^ingan. and ^ folc
THE LAUD MS. (E) 189
1055. Her on Jnsum geare forSferde Siward eorl. and ]?a
bead man ealre witena gemot vii nihton ser mid lenctene. and
utlagode mann ^Elfgar eorl. forSon him man wearp on. j?
he wses ]?es cynges swica. and ealra landleoda. and he JJJES
?geanwyrde wes. eetforan eallum ]?a mannum )?e J?ser gega-
derode waeron. )?eah him ty word ofscute his unn)?ances.
(D) Glestingabyrig. ealle binnan anum mon)>e. and Leofwine feng to
J>am b'rice set Licetfelde. and Aldret b' feng to bam abb' rice on
Wincelcube. and ^EgelnaS feng to ba abb' rice on Glestincga-
byrig. And bses ylcan geres forSferde ^Elfric. Oddan broker, on
Deorhyrste. and his lichama rested on Perscore. And bses ylcan
geres forSferde Godwine eorl. and him geyfelode bser he mid ba
cynge sset on Wincestre. And Harold his sunu feng to ba eorl-
dome be his fa?der ser hsefde. and ^Elfgar eorl feng to bam eorldome
J>e Harold ser hsefde.
1054. Her ferde Siward eorl mid miclum here on Scotlande.
seg'Ser ge mid scypbere and mid landfyrde. and feaht wrS Scottas.
and aflymde J>one kyng Macbeot5en. and ofsloh eall f ]>aer betst wses
on j>a lande. and Isedde j>onan micele herehuj>e. swilce nan man aer
ne begeat. Ac his sunu Osbarn. and his sweostorsunu Sihward.
and of his huscarl'. and eac J>ses cynges. wurdon j>aer ofslsegene.
on ]?one daeg Septem Dormientiu. Daes ilcan geres for Aldred b'
to Colne. ofer see. J>ses kynges aerende. and wearS ]>ser underfangen
mid mycclan \veor8scipe fra ]?am casere. and )>ser he wunode wel
neh an ger. and him geaf seg'Ser ]?eneste ge se b' on Colone. and
se casere. And he lofode Leofwine b'e. to halgianne }> mynst' set
Eofeshamme. on vi id' Octb'. And on ]>isan geare swalt Osgod.
faeringa on his bedde. And her forSferde scs Leo papa, and Uictor
wses to papa gecoren on his stede.
1055. On j>isan gere forSferde Syhward eorl. on Eoferwic. and
he ligeft set Galmaho. on J>a mynstre )>e he sylf let timbrian. and
halgian on Godes and Olafes naman. And Tosti feng to ]>an eorl-
dome )>e he hsefde. And Kynsie arceb' fette his pallium set Uictore
papan. And ]>3erseft' sona man utlagode ^Elfgar eorl. Leofrices
sunu eorl'. forneh butan gylte. Ac he gewende to Hirlande. and
Brytlande. and begeat him |>ser micel genge. and ferde swa to Here-
forda. ac him com j>aer togenes Raulf eorl mid mycclan here, and mid
lytlan gewinne hi on fleam gebrohte. and micel folc on ]?an fleame
7 and he was J>as gewyrde F. Et quod ipse ante cognovit ita esse, licet
Algarus comes exul factus est propte- verbum illud improvise exprimerit.
rea quod debuit esse delator patriae ; F- Lat.
190 THE LAUD MS. (E)
And se cyng geaf ]?one eorldom Tostige Godwines sunu
eorles. iSe Siward eorl ser alite.
And JElfgar eorl gesohte Griffines g'heald on NorSWealan.
And on ]?isum geare Griffin and ^Elfgar forbaerndon see JSftel-
bryhtes mynster. and ealle j?a burh Hereford.
1056. Hie Henricus Eomanorum iraperator obiit ; cui suc-
cessit filius ejus Henricus.
1057. Her on )?isum geare com ^Edward seeding Ead-
mundes sunu cynges hider to lande. and sona j?ses gefor. and
(C) slogan, and sume onweg laeddan. Da gaderade man fyrde geond
eall Englaland swy'Se neah. and hig coman to Gleaweceastre. and
wendan swa unfeorr ut on Wealas. and ]>aer lagon sume hwile. and
Harald eorl let dician Sa die abutan )? port J>a hwile. Da on fta.
]>a spsec man to frifte. and Harald eorl and ^a 'Se mid him wseron
coman to Bylgeslege. and ftser friS and freondscipe heom betweonan
gefsestnodan. And man geinlagode }>a ^Elfgar eorl. and man ageaf
him eall f him wses ser ofgenumen. and f scipliS gewende to Lege-
ceastre. and ^a3r abiden heora males )>e ^Elfgar heom behet. Se
mannslyht wees on ix Id' Noub'. On 6am ylcan geare forSferde
Tremerig se Wylsca biscop sona aefter 'Ssere hergunge. se wses ^E]>el-
stanes biscopes gespelia sy$8an he unfere wses.
1056. Her gefor ^E)>elstan se arwurSa b'. on iiii id' Febrii. and
his lie lift on Hereford port, and man sette Leofgar to biscupe. se
wses Haroldes eorles msesse preost. Se werede his kenepas on his
preosthade o^set he wses biscop. Se forlet his crisman. and his
hrode. his gastlican wsepna. and feng to his spere and to his sweorde.
seft' his biscuphade. and swa for to fyrde ongean Griffin }>one
Wyliscan cing. and hine man 8ar ofsloh and his preostas mid him.
and ^Elfno^ scir gerefa. and manega gode menn mid heom. and Sa
o'Sre setflugon. Dis wses viii nihton ser middan sumera. Earfo^lic
is to atellanne seo gedrecednes. and seo fare call, and seo fyrdung.
and f geswinc and manna fyll. and eac horsa. j?e eall Engla here
dreah. o^set Leofric eorl com wrS. and Harald eorl. and Ealdred b'.
and macedan seht j>ser betweonan. swa f Griffin swor at>as -f he
wolde beon Eadwarde kinge hold under kingc. and unswicigende.
And Ealdred b' feng to 'Sam biscuprice J?e Leofgar hsefde ser xi
wucan and iiii dagas. On 'Sara ylcan geare gefor Cona se casere.
Dses geres gefor Odda eorl. and his lie IrS on Perscoran. and he
waes to munece gehadod ser is ende. he gefor on ii kl* Septb'. Jo6 &
THE LAUD MS. (E) 191
his lie is bebyrged innon scs Paulus mynstre on Lundene. (A.D. 1057)
And Uictor papa forSferde. and waes Stephan' gecoren to
papan. se wses abbot on Monte Cassino. And Leofric eorl
(D) ofsloh. and gewendon ]?a into Hereford porte. and forhergode f . and
forbsernde f msere mynst' }?e yE]?elstan b' getimbrode. and ofsloh
}>a preostas innan }?an mynstre. and manege j?ser toeacan. and namon
jjserinne ealle )>a magmas, and mid heom aweg laeddon. And J>a }>a
hi hsefdon msest to yfele gedon. man gersedde j?one rsed ]? man
^Elfgar eorl geinnlagode. and ageaf him his eorldom. and call j?
him ofgenumen wees. Deos hergung wees geworden on non' kl'
Nouemb'. On ]?am ilcan geare forSferde Tremerin se Wylisca b'.
sona sefter J>sere hergunge. and he wses ^E]?elstanes b' gespelia siSSan
he unfere wses.
1056. Her forlet ^Egelric bisceop his bisceoprice set Dunholm.
and ferde to Burh to see Petres mynstre. and his broftor ^Egelwine
feng 'Saerto.
And eac her for&ferde ^E^elstan biscop. on iiii id' Feb. and
his lie IrS on Hereforda. and man sette Lefegar to b'. se wses
Haroldes eorles msessep'. and on his preosthade he haefde his
kenepas o'S-j? he b' wees. Se forlet his crisman and his rode
and his gastlican wsepnu. and feng to his spere and to his swurde.
and swa for to ferde ongean Griffin |?one Wyliscan cining. and he
wearS J>ser ofslagen and his preostes mid him. and ^Elfno'S scir
gerefa. and manega oSre gode men. Dis wses ehtannihte ser
middan sumere. And Ealdred bisceop feng to SSa b'rice }>e Leofe-
gar hsefde xi wucan and iiii dagas. Dees geares forSferde Odda
eorl. and he liS on Perscora. se wses to muneca gehadod eer his
ende. god man and clsene and swrSe se^ele. And he gewat on ii kl'
Sept'. And Cona se casere for&ferde.
1057. Her com Eadward se|>eling
to Englalande*
se wses Eadwerdes
broker sunu kynges
Eadmund cing*
Irensid wses geclypod
for his snellscipe.
Disne seeding Cnut cyng
hsefde forsend
on Ungerland
to beswicane.
192 THE LAUD MS. (E)
forSferde. and feng ^Elfgar his sunu to ]?a eorldome j?e se
feeder ser haefde.
1058. Her on )?isum geare forftferde Stephanus papa, and
wses Benedict' gehalgod to papan. se ylca ssende Stigande
(D) Ac he baer gej>eh
to godan men-
swa him God u'Se
and him wel gebyrede'
swa )? he begeat
j?ses caseres maga to wife'
and bi J>sere fsegerne
beam team gestrynde*
seo waes Agathes gehaten.
Ne wiston we
for hwylcan intingan
f gedon wearS'
)? he ne moste
his maeges Eadwardes
cynges geseon.
Wala f waes hreowlic sit5
and hearmlic
eallre J>issere ]>eode'
^ he swa ra^e
his lif geendade*
J>8es ]?e he to Englalande com'
for ungesaelh^e
]?issere earman J^eode.
On )>an ilcan gere forSferde Leofric eorl. on ii kl* Otb'. se waes
swi^e wis for Gode and eac for worulde. -f fremode eallre jnsre
^eode. he Ir5 set Cofentreo. and his sunu ^Elfgar feng to his rice.
And on ]>am geare forSferde Raulf eorl. on xii kl' Ian', and lift on
Burh. Eac gefor Heca V on SuSSexum. and ^Egelric wees on his
setl ahafen. And her Uictor papa forSferde. and Stephan' waes to
papa gecoren.
1058. Her man ytte ut ^Elfgar eorl. ac he com sona inn ongean
mid strece. jmrh Gryffines fultum. And her com scyphere of Nor-
F M...Her forftferde Stephan' p'pa. and Benedict' was gebletsed >arto.
se ylca sende Stigande ar'b' to lande. and Heca b' for'Sferde and Stigand
ar'b' hadode Agelric on Xpescirican to b' to SuftSexu. and Siward abb' to b'
to Rof.
Here ends MS. F; much worn and effaced,
THE LAUD MS. (E) 193
arcb' pallium hider to lande. And on ]?isum geare forSferde
Heaca b' on SuiS Seaxan. and Stigand arcebiscop hadode
JSgelric ifi set Xpescyrcean to b' to SuiSSeaxum. and Siward
abbot to biscop to Hrofeceastre.
1059. Her on j?isum geare wses Nicolaus to papan gecoren.
se wses biscop set Florentie J?aere burh. and wses Benedict'
utadrifen se wses ser papa.
1060. Hie Henricus rex Francorum obiit ; cui successit
Phylippus films ejus. On j>issum geare forftferde Kynsige
arcb' on Eoforwic on xi kl' lanr. and feng Ealdred b' j?ser to.
and Walter feng to j>am b'rice on Hereforda.
1061. Her on ]?isum geare forSferde Duduc b' on Sumer
sseton. and feng Gisa to. And on J?am ilcan geare forSferde
Godwine b' set see Martine on vii Id' Mr'. And on J?am
sylfan geare forftferde Wulfric abb' set see Augustine innon
J?sere Easter wucan on xiiii k' Mai. Da com fam cynge
(D) wegan. hit is langsum to atellanne eall hu hit gefaren waes. On
j>a ilcan gere Ealdred b' halgode ^ mynst' on Gleawcestre j>e
he sylf geforSode. Gode to lofe and see Petre. and swa ferde to
Hierusale. mid swilcan weorSscipe swa nan ot5er ne dyde aetforan
him. and hine sylfne j>aer Gode betaehte. and wurSlic lac eac geof-
frode to ures Drihtenes byrgene. )> waes an gylden calic on fif
marcon. swiSe wundorlices geworces. On J>am ilcan gere fort5ferde
Stefan' papa, and Benedict' waes to papan geset. se sende pallium
Stigande b'e. and ^Egelric waes to b'e gehadod to SuS Sexum.
and Sihward abb' to bpe to Hrofecestre.
1059. Her on j>isan gere waes Nicolaus gecoren to papan. se waes
b' aer aet Florentia |>aere burh. and Benedict' waes utadryfen )>e )>aer
waes aer papa. And on j>isan gere waes se stypel gehalgad aet Burh
on xvi kl' Noub'.
1060. On J>isan gere wacs micel eorSdyne. on translatione sci
Martini, and Heinric se cyng forSferde on Francrice. And Kynsie
arceb' on Eoferwic gewat on xi kl' lanr. and he lige^ on Burh. and
Ealdred b' feng to J>am rice. And Waltere feng to ]>am b'rice on
Herefordscire. and Duduc b' eac forSferde. se waes b' on Sumersaetan.
and man sette Gisa preost on his stede.
1061. Her for Ealdred b' to Rome aeft' his pallium, and he hine
underfeng aet }>am papan Nicolae. And se eorl Tostig. and his wif
eac foron to Rome, and se bisceop and se eorl gebidan mycele
earfo^nysse J>a hi hamward foran. And her forSferde Godwine b'
aet see Martine, and Wulfric abb' set see Agustinc. on iiiix kl' April.
c c
194 THE LAUD MS. (E)
word -p se abb' Wulfric for$ gefaren wses. ]?a geceas he
^E^elsige munuc ]?aer to of Ealdon mynstre. folgode ]?a Sti-
gande arcb'. and wearS gehalgod to abb' set Windles oran.
on scs Augustin' maessedseg.
1062. Hoc anno subjugata est Cynomannia comiti Nor-
mannie WnTmo.
1063. Her for Harold eorl and his broiSor Tostig eorl.
segfter ge mid landfyrde ge mid sciphere into Brytlande. and
J;et land geeodon. and ^ folc heom gislodon and to bugon.
and foron syftftan to and ofslogon heora cyng Griffin, and
bfohton Harolde his heafod. and he sette oj^erne cyng
J?ser to.
1064. Her on j?isum geare foron NorShymbra togsedere.
and utlagodon heora eorl Tostig. and ofslogon his hired
menn ealle J?a hi mihton tocuman segiSer ge Englisce ge
Daenisce and namon ealle his wepna on Eoferwic. and gol
and seolfor. and ealle his sceattas j?e hi mihton ahwar J?ser
geaxian. and senden sefter Morkere ^Elfgares sune eorles.
and gecuron hine heom to eorle. and he for su$ mid eallre
J?sere scire. and mid Snotinghamscire. and Deorbiscire. and
Lincolnascire. oiS he com to Hamtune. and his broSor Ead-
wine him com togeanes mid j?am mannum J?e on his eorl-
dome wseron. and eac fela Bryttas comon mid him. Dser
com Harold eorl heom togeanes. and hig laegdon serende on
hine to J?am cynge Eadwarde. and eac serendracan mid him
sendon. and bsedon ^ hi moston habban Morkere heom [to]
eorle. And se cyng J?ses geufte and sende eft Harolde heom
(C) 1065. Her on J>issu geare foran to hlafmsessan het Harold eorl
bytlian on Brytlande set Portascih^ ]?a }>a he hyt gegan hsefde. and
}>ar mycel god gegaderode and ]?ohte ]>one kingc Eadward J>ar to
habbenne fo huntno]>es Jjingon. and )>a hyt eall msest gegaderod
waes. ]>a for Cradoc. Griffines sunu to mid eallu |)a j?e he begytan
mihte. and f folc msest eall ofsloh ]>e |>ar tinbrode. and f god gena
}>e |>ar gegaderod wses. And se mannsliht wees on see Bar)>olomeus
maesse daeig. And )>a seft' Michaheles msessan. foran ]>a ]>egnas
ealle on Eoferwicscire to Eoferwic. and Tostiges eorles huskarlas
)>ar ofslogon ealle )>a )>e hig geaxian mihton. and hys gsersuman
namon. And Tostig wses J>a set Brytfordan mid |>am kinge. And
j>a wel ra^e }>ar seft' wses mycel gemot set Nor8hamtune. and swa
on Oxenaforda. on )>on dseig Simonis and lude. And waes Harold
THE LAUD MS. (E) 195
to to Hamtune. on see Simones and ludan msesse eefen. and (A.D. 1064)
(D) And Nicolaus papa forSferde. and Alexander wses to papan gecoron.
se wses b' aet Lucan.
1063. On )?issum geare for Harold eorl. seft' middan wintre. of
Gleaweceastre to Rudelan. J>e Griffines wses. and ]>one ham for-
bsernde. and his scipa and alle }>a gewseda \>e J>serto gebyrede. and
hine on fleame gebrohte. And ]>a. to J>am gongdagan. for Harold
mid scipum of Brycgstowe abutan Brytland. and )? folc gri]?ede and
gisledon. and Tostig for mid landferde ongean. and }> land geeodon.
Ac her. on Nissan ilcan geare. on herfeste. wear]> Griffin kync of-
slangen. on nonas Agusti. fram his agenum mannum. Jmrh f gewin
J>e he won wi]> Harold eorl. Se wses kyning ofer call Wealcyn.
and man brohte his eafod to Harolde eorle. and Harold hit J>am
kynge brohte. and his scipes heafod. and J?a bone J>er mid. And se
kyng Eadward betsehte land his twam gebro|>ran. Ble}>gente and
Rigwatlan. and hig a)>as sworon and gislas saldan )>aem cynge and
]>sem eorle. -f heo him on allum j>ingum unswicende beon woldon.
and eighwar him gear we. on wsetere and on lande. and swylc of
J>am lande gelsestan swylc man dyde toforan ser oj?rum kynge.
1065. Her on Jjissum geare. foran to hlafmsessan. het Harold eorl
bytlian on Brytlande set PortascilrS. ]>a j?a he hit gegan hsefde. and
J>ser mycel god to gegaderode. and J?ohte J>onne cyng Eadward J>ser
to habbane for hunto^es }>ingon. Ac )>a hit call wses gearo. ]>a for
Cradoc to. Gryffines sunu. mid eallon )>am genge |>e he begotan
mihte. and -f folc call msest ofsloh j?e j>ser timbrode. and -f god |>e
)>ser gegearcod wses namon. Ne wisten we hwa J?one unrsed serest
gersedde. Dis wses gedon on see Bartholomeus msesse dseg. And
sona seft' }>isan gegaderedon J>a }>egenas hi ealle on Eoforwic scire
and on NorS hymbra lande togsedere. and geutlagedan heora eorl
Tosti. and ofslogon his hired menn ealle |>e hig mihten tocumen
segj>er ge Englisce ge Denisce. and naman ealle his wsepna on
Eaforwic. and gold and seolfer. and ealle his sceattas ]>e hig mihton
ahwser J?ser geacsian. and sendon sefter Morkere JElfgares sunu
eorles. and gecuron hine heom to eorle. and he for sirS mid ealre
J>sere scire. and mid Snotinghamscire. and Deorbyscire. and Lin-
colnascire. 08 he com to Hamtune. and his broj?or Eadwine him
com togeanes mid J?am mannum j?e on his eorldome weron. and eac
fela Brettas comon mid him. Der com Harold eorl heom togeanes.
and hig Isegdon aerende on hine to j?am cyninge Eadwarde. and
eac serendracan mid him sendon. and bsedon -f hi moston habban
Morkere heom to eorle. And se cyning J>ses geu^se and sende
sefter Harald heom. to Hamtune. on see Symones and luda msesse
c c 2
196 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A. D. 1064) kydde heom ^ ilce. and heom )?et on hand sealdon. and he
niwade j?ser Cnutes lage. And J?a norSerne men dydan
mycelne hearme abutan Hamtune. ]?a hwile j?e he for on
heora serende. segfter f hi ofslogon men. and bserndon hus
and cornn. and namon call )?et orf j?e hi mihton tocuman.
f wses fela jmsend. and fela hund manna hi namon. and
Iseddon noriS mid heom. swa ]?et seo scyre and )?a oftra scyre
(C 1065) eorl j>ar. and wolde heora seht wyrcan gif he mihte. ac he na mihte.
ac call hys eorldom hyne anrsedlice forsoc. and geutlagode and ealle
J>a mid hym \>e unlage rserdon. for|>am }>e rypte God serost. and
ealle }>a bestrypte ]>e he ofer mihte set life and set lande. And hig
namon heom )>a Morkere to eorle. and Tostig for J>a ofer see. and
hys wif mid him. to Baldwines lande. and wint'setl namon set see
Audomare. And Eadward kingc com to Westmynstre to j>am
middan wintre. and f mynster )>ar let halgian }>e he sylf getim-
brode. Gode to lofe and see Petre. and eallum Codes halgum. and
seo circhalgung wees on Cilda msesse daeig. And he forfcferde on
twelftan sefen. and hyne man bebyrigde on twelftan dseig on |>am
ylcan mynstre. swa hyt hersefter seigft.
Her Eadward kingc- Engla hlaford*
sende sojjfseste* sawle to Criste'
on Godes wsera* gast haligne.
He on worulda her- wunode ^rage-
on kynej>rymme' crseftig rseda.
xxiiii* freolic wealdend'
wintra gerimes* weolm brytuodon.
And healfe tid- haele^a wealdend-
weold wel gejnmgen- Walum and Scottum-
and Bryttum eac* byre ^^elredes-
Englum and Sexunr oret maegcum-
Swa ymbclyppa^' ceald brymmas-
p call Eadwarde- se^elum kinge*
hyrdon holdlice* hagestealde menn.
Wses a bli^e mod' bealuleas kyng-
)>eah he lang air lande bereafod'
wunode wraeclastunr wide geond eortian*
syfrSan Cnut ofercom- kynn
and Dena weoldon- deore rice-
Engla landes- xxviii-
wintra gerimes- welan brynodan.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 197
j?e j?ser neh sindon. wurdon fela wintra [?e wyrsan. And (A. D. 1065)
Tostig eorl. and his wif and ealle }>a )?e woldon *p he wolde.
foron suiS ofer sae mid him to Baldwine eorle. and he hig
ealle underfeng. and hi wseron ealne )?one winter J?ser.
sefen. and kySde heom -j> ilce. and heom )> ahand sealde. and he (I> 1065)
nywade j>ser Cnutes lage. And }>a Ry^renan dydan mycelne hearm
abutan Hamtune. J>a hwile J>e he for heora serende. aeg]?ser -f hi
ofslogon menn. and baerndon mis and corn, and namon call }>set orf
]>e hig raihton tocuman. ]?set wses feola jmsend. and fela hund manna
hi naman. and laedclan nortS mid heom. swa -f seo scir. and |?a o'Sra
scira ]>3e ^ser neah sindon. wurdan fela wintra ^e wyrsan. And
Tostig eorl. and his wif and ealle ]>a ^e woldon j>aet he wolde. faran
su^ ofer see. mid him. to Baldwine eorle. and he hi ealle underfengc.
and hig wseron ealne J>one winter j>aer. And Eadward cyng com
to Westmynstre to ]>am middan wintre. and ]?et mynster }>8er let
halgian |>e he silf getimbrode. Gode to lofe and see Petre. and
eallum Codes halgum. and seo cyrichalgung waes on Cildamaessae
deig. And he forSferde on twelftan sefen. and hine man bebyrigde
on twelftan dseg on j?am illcan minstre. swa hit heraefter ssegS.
Her Eadward cing f Englene hlaford*
sende so^feste* saule to Kriste 4
on Codes wera* gast haligne.
He on weorolda her- wunodae J>ragse -
on kinejjrymme* creftig rseda.
xxiiii* freolic wealdand*
wintra rimes' weolan britnode.
And he haelotid* hselefta wealdend 1
weold wel ge'Sungsen* Walum and Scottum 1
and Bryttum eac' byre ^E^elredes-
Englum and Ssexunv oret maagcum.
Swa ymbclyppajr cealda brymmas*
'Saet call Eadwardae* aej>elum kinge'
hyrdan holdelice- hagestalde menn.
Wses a bli'Se mod' bealeleas king 4
^ah he langa ser landes bereafod*
wunodse wreclastunv wide geond eor^air
seo^^an Knut ofercom* cynn JEt5elredes'
and deona weoldon* deore rice 4
Engla landes 4 xxviii 4
wintra gerimes 4 weolan brytnodon.
198 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
1066. Her for'Sferde Eaduuard king, and Harold
eorl feng to "Sam rice, and heold hit xl wucena and
(C) SySSan for$ becom freolice in geatwunr
kyningc kystum god* claene and milde*
Eadward se aeftela' eftel bewerode'
land and leode. 0*8 f lunger becom'
dea'S se bitera* and swa deore genam.
./)>elne of eorftan* englas feredon-
soj>faeste sawle' innan swegles leoht.
And se froda swa ]>eah* befeeste }> rice'
heah'Sungenu memv Harolde sylfum*
se]>elum eorle' se in ealle tid'
hyrde holdlice* haerran simmr
wordura and daedunr wihte ne agselde-
)>3es J>e J>earf waes* j>aes Jjeodkyninges.
And her wearS Harold eac to kynge gehalgod. and he lytle stillnesse
|>ar on gebad. }>a hwile )>e he rices weold.
1066. On ]>isu geare co Harold kyng of Eoforwic to Westmyn-
stre. to ]>a Eastran J>e waeron seft' J>a middan wintran J>e se kyng
forSferde. and }>a Eastran on ]?one dseig xvi kl* Mai. Da wearS
geond call Englaland swylc tacen on heofenu gesewen swylce nan
mann ser ne geseh. Sume menn cwsedon -f hyt cometa se steorra
wsere. J>one sume menn hata'S }>one fexedon steorran. and he aet-
eowde aerest on ]?one asfen LETANIA MAIOR. -f ys viii kl' Mai. and
Swa scean ealle j>a vii niht. And Sona |?ar aefV co Tostig eorl fra
begeondan see into Wiht. mid swa miclu Iit5e swa he begytan mihte.
and hi man geald j>ar aeigfter ge feoh ge metsunge. And for J>a
]>ano. and hearmas dyde aegwar be )>a sse riman )>ar he to mihte. o^
f he beco to Sandwic. Da cydde man Harolde kynge |>e on Lun-
dene waes. -f Tostig his bro.Sor waes cumen to Sandwic. ]>a gega-
dorade he swa mycele scipfyrde and eac landfyrde swa nan cingc
aer her on lande ne gegaderade. for fca, J>e hi waes to so^an gessed -f
Willelm eorll fra Normandige. Eadwardes cingces maeg. wolde hider
cuman and }>is land gegan. call swa hit syS'San a code. Da Tostig
f geaxode f Harold cing waes toward Sandwic. }>a for he of Sand-
wic. and na of ]>a butse karlon sume mid hi. sume j>ances sume
un)>ances. and gewende |>a nor$ into [Humbran]. and J>aer hergode
on Lindesege. and J>aer manega gode men ofsloh. Da Eadwine eorl
and Morkere eorl -f undergeaton. |>a coman hi jjyder. and hine of
|>ae lande adrifon. and he for ^a to Scotlande. and Scotta cynning
THE LAUD MS. (E) 199
1066. On jnssum geare man halgode )?et mynster set West
mynstre on Cilda msesse daeg. And se cyng Eadward for$-
ferde on twelfta msesse eefen. and hine mann bebyrgede on
twelftan msesse dseg. innan ]?sere uiwa halgodre circean on
(D) SrS^an forS becom freolic in geatwunv
kinigc cystum god* clsene and milde*
Eadward se aeSele- eftel bewarede-
land and leodan. o^aet lunger becom'
dea'S se bytera- and swa deore genam.
^Selne of eorSan- englas feredon-
softfeste sawle* inne swegles leoht.
And se froda swa &ealr befseste J>set rice*
heahSungena menn- Harolde sylfunv
8e8elum eorle- se in ealne tid'
herdse holdelice- herran synunr
wordum and dsedunr wihte ne agselde*
j>ses ]je ^earfe wees* 'Sees Jjeodkyngces.
And her wear^ Harold eorl eac to cynge gehalgod. and he lytle
stilnesse J?aer on gebad. ]?a hwile j>e he rices weold.
1066. On jjissum geare com Harold cyng of Eoferwic to Westmyn-
stre. to }>am Eastran }>e wseron aefter J>am middan wintre J>e se cyng
fortSferde. and waeron J>a Eastran on }>one daeg xvi kl' Mai. Da
wearS geond call Englaland swylc tacen on heofenum gesewen
swylce nan man ser ne geseah. Sume men cwedon }> hit cometa se
steorra wsere. |>one sume men hata^ pone fsexedon steorran. and he
seteowde aerest on J>one sefen LETANIA MAIOR. viii kl' Mai. and
Swa scan ealle ]?a seofon niht. And Sona J>er aefter com Tostig eorl
in fram begeonde sse into Wiht. mid swa miclum liSe swa he begitan
mihte. and him man geald )>9er seg]>aer ge feoh ge metsunge. And
Harold cyng. his broj>or. gegsedrade swa micelne sciphere. and eac
land here, swa nan cyng her on lande ser ne dyde. for J>am ]>e him
wses gecy^d jjset Wyllelm bastard wolde hider and 'Sis land ge-
winnen. call swa hit sy^an a code. And J>a wile com Tostig eorl
into Humbran mid sixtigum scipum. and Eadwine eorl com mid
lanferde and adraf hine ut. And ]>a butsacarlas hine forsocan. and
he for to Scotlande mid xii snaccum. And hine gemette j>aer
Harold cyng of Norwegon mid J>reo hund scypu. and Tostig him
tobeah. and his man wearS. And hi foron )?a begen into Humbran.
o'S )> hi comon to Eoforwic. and heo j?ser wi^ fuhton Eadwine eorl.
and Morkere eorl. his bro^or. ac ha Normen ahton sige. Man
200 THE PARKER MS. (X)
(A.D. 1066) aenne dgeg. and her com Willelm and gewann
(C 1066) hine grrSede. and hi to metsunge fylste. and }>ser ealne sumor
wunode. Da co Harold ciningc to Sandwic. and j>ser his IrSes abad.
for j?a J>e hit wses lang ser hit man gegaderian mihte. and J>a his lr$
gegaderad waes. ]>a for he into Wiht. and )>ser Iseg ealne ]>one sumor
and Jjone hserfest. and man hsefde land fyrde seghwar be see. }?eh hit
set }?a ende naht ne forstode. Da hit wses to Natiuitas scse Maria? . J>a
wses manna metsung agan. and hig nan man )>ar na leng gehealdan
ne mihte. Da lyfde man mannu ham. and se cyngc rad up. and
man draf }>a scypu to Lunde[ne]. and manega forwurdon aer hi
J>yder comon. Da $a scypu ha coman. |>a com Harold cyning of
Norwegan norS into Tinan on unwaran. mid swy^e miclu scip
here, and na lytlan. }> mihte beon [mid *6reo hund scypuni] oSo'e
ma. And Tostig eorl hi co to mid eallu j>a J?e he begiten hsefde.
call swa hy ser gesprecen hsefdon. and foran }>a begen mid eallu Sa
IrSe. andlang Usan up to Eoferwic ward. Da cydde man Harolde
cynge be su'San }>a he of scipe cumen wses. f Harold cyng on
Norwegan and Tostig eorl wseron up cumene neh Eoferwic. Da
for he norSweard. da?ges and nihtes. swa hra^e swa he his fyrde
gegaderian mihte. Da ser j>a }>e se cynning Harold Jjyder cuman
mihte. }>a gegaderode Eadwine eorl and Morkere eorll of heora
eorldome swa mycel werod swa hi begitan mihton. and wiS jxme
here gefuhton. and mycel wsel geslogon. and J>ser wses J>ses Engliscan
folces mycel ofslagen. and adrenct. and on fleam bedrifen. and
Normen ahton wselstowe gewald. And Jns gefeoht wses on VIGILIA
MATHEI APLI'. and wses Wodnesdseg. And j?a asft' }>a gefeohte for
Harold cyningc of Norwegan and Tostig eorl into Eoferwic. mid
swa raiclu folce swa heo J>a ge]>uhte. And hi mon gislade of J>sere
burh. and eac to metsunge fylste. and swa J>anon to scipe foran. and
to fullan fritSe gesprsecon. -f hig ealle mid hi su^ faran woldon.
and Jris land gegan. Da amang )>issan co Harald Engla cyningc.
mid ealre his fyrde. on Sone Sunnan da?g. to Tada. and |>ser his IrS
fylcade. and for )>a on Monandseg ]?urhut Eoferwic. and Harold
cyningc of Norwegan. and Tostig eorl. and heora gefylce wseron
afaren of scipe begeondan Eoferwic to Stanford brycge. for )>a |>e
hi wseron behaten to gewissan. -p hi man |>ser of ealre }>sere scire
ongean hy gislas bringan wolde. Da co Harold Engla cyning heom
ongean. on unwaran. begeondan J?sere brycge. and hi J>ser togsedere
fengon. and swyfce heardlice lange on dseg feohtende wseron. and
J>ser wses Harold cyning of Norwegan and Tostig eorl ofslagen.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 201
Westmynstre. And Harold eorl feng to Englalandes cyne (A. D. 1066)
rice, swa swa se cyng hit him ge ufte. and eac men hine j?ser
to gecuron. and wees gebletsod to cynge on twelftan msesse
daeg. And J?y ilcan geare ]?e he cyng wses. he for ut mid
scip here to geanes WilPme. and ]?a hwile com Tostig eorl
into Humbran mid Ix scipum. Eadwine eorl com landfyrde.
and draf hine lit. and ]?a butsecarlas hine forsocan. And he
for to Scotlande mid xii snaccum. and hine gemette Harold
se Norrena cyng mid ccc scipum. and Tostig him to beah.
and hi bsegen foran into Humbran. oft )?et hi coman to
Eoferwic. And heom wift feaht Morkere eorl. and Eadwine
eorl. and se Norrena cyng ahte siges geweald. And man
cydde Harolde cyng hu hit wses J?ser gedon and geworden.
and he com mid mycclum here Engliscra manna, and ge-
and ungerim folces mid he5. segfSer ge Normana ge Englisca. and (C 1066)
|>a Norm en flugon ]>a Englisca.
Da wes fyer an of Norwegan ]>e wv&stod tyet Englisce folc. \et hi ne
micte \a brigge oferstiyan. ne sige gerechen. Da seite an Englisce mid
anre flar. ac hit nactes ne wfSstod. fend \a co an o}>er under \ere brigge.
end hine ^urustang en under ^ere brunie. J>a com Harold Engla chinge
ofer \ere brigge and hys furde for> mid hine. and Ipere michcl wel
geslogon. ge Norweis ge Flaming, and ]>es cyninges sui Hetmundus let
Harold faran ham to Norweie mid alle \d scipe.
cy^de J>a Harolde Engla cynge )> j?is wses ]>us gefaren. and }>is (D 1066)
gefeoht wses on uigilia sci Mathsei. Da com Harold ure cyng on
unwser on }?a Normenn. and hytte hi begeondan Eoforvvic. set
Stemford brygge. mid micclan here Englisces folces. and ]>ser wear^
on daeg swi^e stranglic gefeoht on ba halfe. Dar wear^ ofslsegen
Harold Harfagera and Tosti eorl. and Jja Normen ]?e J>&er to lafe
wseron wurdon on fleame. and J>a Engliscan hi hindan hetelice
slogon. oS -p hig sume to scype coman. sume adruncen. and sume
eac forbsernde. and swa mislice forfarene. j) ]?ser wses lyt to lafe. and
Engle ahton wselstowe geweald. Se kyng J?a geaf gryft Olafe. }>8es
Norna cynges suna. and heora b'pe. and ]?an eorle of Orcanege. and
eallon J>an j?e on |>a scypu to lafe wseron. and hi foron J>a upp to uran
kyninge. and sworon a^as. -f hi sefre woldon fryS and freondscype in
to jjisan lande haldan. and se cyng hi let ham faran mid xxiiii scypu.
Das twa folc gefeoht wseron gefremmede binnan fif nihtan.
End of MS. C. The last paragraph is in later English, and it is printed in
Italics to shew distinct.
Dd
THE PARKER MS. (ft)
(A.D. 1066) land, and her on "Sison geare barn Xpes cyrc. and her
atiwede cometa xiiii kl' Mai.
(D 1066) Da com Wyllelm eorl of Normandige into Pefnesea. on see
Michaeles msesse sefen. and sona j?ses hi fere wseron. worhton castel
set Hsestinga port. Dis wearS J>a Harolde cynge gecydd. and he
gaderade ]?a mycelne here, and com him togenes set }>sere haran
apuldran. and Wyllelm hi com ongean on unwser ser his folc gefylced
wsere. Ac se kyng J>eah him swrSe heardlice wrS feaht mid j>a
mannu ]?e him gelsestan woldon. and }>ser wearS micel wsel geslsegen
on seg^re healfe. Daer wearS ofslsegen Harold kyng. and Leofwine
eorl his broker, and Gyrft eorl his broker, and fela godra manna,
and ]>a Frencyscan ahton wsel stowe geweald. eall swa heom God
irSe for folces synnon. Aldred arceb' and seo burhwaru on Lun-
dene woldon habban )>a Eadgar cild to kynge. eall swa him wel
gecynde wses. and Eadwine and Morkere hi beheton ]> hi mid him
feohtan woldon. Ac swa hit sefre forSlicor beon sceolde. swa wearS
hit fra dsege to deege Isetre and wyrre. eall swa hit set J>a ende eall
geferde. Dis gefeoht wses gedon on ]>one dseg Calesti pape. And
Wyllelm eorl for eft ongean to Heestingan. and geanbidode j>ser
hwsefter man him to bugan wolde. Ac |>a he ongeat ty man him to
cuman nolde. he for upp mid eallon his here j>e him to lafe waes.
and hi syftSan fra ofer sse com. and hergade ealne }>one ende ]>e he
oferferde. o^ -f he com to Beorhhamstede. And J>ser hi com ongean
Ealdred arceb'. and Eadgar cild. and Eadwine eorl. and Morkere
eorl. and ealle J>a betstan men of Lundene. and bugon J>a for neode.
)>a msest wses to hearme gedon. and f wses micel unrsed f man seror
swa ne dyde. ]?a hit God betan nolde for urum synnu. and gysledan.
and sworon him a&as. and he heom behet ]> he wolde heom hold
hlaford beon. and ]?eah onmang j>isan hi hergedan eall f hi ofer
foron. Da on midwintres dseg hine halgode to kynge Ealdred
arceb' on Westmynstre. and he sealde hi on hand mid Xpes bee.
and eac swor. a?r J>an J>e he wolde |>a corona him on heafode settan.
j> he wolde ]>isne J?eodscype swa wel haldan swa senig kynge setforan
hi betst dyde. gif hi him holde beon woldon. Swa j?eah leide gyld
on mannii swi^e sti^. and for )>a on ]?am lengtene ofer see to Nor-
mandige. and nam mid hi Stigand arceb'. and ^Egelna'S abb' on Gl'br
[Gl<estingabiri~]. and Eadgar cild. and Eadwine eorl. and Morkere eorl.
and Wselj>eof eorl. and manege o^re gode men of Englalande. And
Oda b' and Wyllelm eorl belifen her sefter. and worhton castelas'
wide geond |>as Jieode' and earm folc swencte* and a sy^an 1 hit
yflade swi^e. Wur^e god se ende' j>onne God wylle.
THE LAUD MS. (E)
203
mette hine set Stsengfordesbrycge. and hine ofsloh and J?one (A.D. 1066)
eorl Tostig. and eallne ]?one here ahtlice ofercom.
And J?a hwile com WilFm eorl lipp set Hestingan on see
Michaeles maesse dseg. and Harold com norSan and him wi$
feaht ear J?an |?e his here come call, and J?eer he feoll. and his
twsegen gebroftra GyriS and Leofwine. and Willelm J?is land
ge code.
And com to Westmynstre. and Ealdred arceb' hine to cynge
gehalgode. and menn guidon him gyld. and gislas sealdon.
and sySiSan heora land bohtan.
And j?a wses Leofric abbot of Burh set ^ ilca feord. and LeofAt &fcfoa0
sseclode )?ser and com ham. and wses dsed sone J?ser sefter on
selre halgan msesseniht. God are his saule. On his dseg
wses ealle blisse and ealle gode on Burh. and he wses leaf call
folc. swa -p se cyng geaf see Peter and him ty abbotrice on
Byrtune. and se of Couentre j? se eorl Leofric j?e wses his
earn ser heafde macod. and se of Crulande. and se of porneie.
And he dyde swa mycel to gode into ty mynstre of Burh on
golde and on seolfre and on scrud and on lande. swa nefre
nan oftre ne dyde toforen him ne nan sefter him. pa wearS
gildene burh to wrecce burh. f)a cusen ]?a munecas to abbot
Brand puost. forSan -p he wses swrSe god man and swvSe wis.
and senden him j?a to ^Edgar seeding. foriSan J>et ]?e landfolc
wendon ^ he sceolde cyng wurSen. and se seeding hit him
geatte )?a blij>olice. pa J?e cyng Willelm ge herde p secgen.
]?a wearS he swiSe wra^. and ssede ^ se abbot him heafde
forsegon. pa eodon gode men heom betwenen and saht-
loden heom forSan ^ se abbot wses goddera manne. Geaf
J?a j?one cyng xl marc goldes to sahtnysse. and )?a lifede
he litle hwile J?ser sefter buton J?ry gear. Sy^on comen
ealle drseuednysse and ealle ifele to )?one mynstre. God hit
gemyltse.
1067. Her for se cyng ofer sse. and hsefde mid hi gislas
and sceattas. and co J?ses o^res geares on see Nicolaes msesse
dseg. and j?ses dseges forbearn Xpes cyrce on Cantwara byrig.
and he geaf selces mannes land ba he ongean co. And bses
te
(D) 1067- Her com se kyng eft ongean to Englalande. on see Nico-
laes msesse dsege. and j)ses dseges forbarn Cristes cyrce on Cantware
byri. and Wulfwi b' for^ferde and is bebyrged set his b' stole on
Dorkacestre. And Eadric cild and |>a Bryttas wurdon unsehte and
D d 2
204 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1067) sumeres for Eadgar cild ut. and Mserleswegen. and fela manna
mid heom. and foran to Scotlande. and se cyiig Melcolm hi
ealle under feng. and gena ]>es cildes swuster to wife Mar-
garetan.
(D 1067) wunnon heo wift )>a castelmenn on Hereforda. and fela hearmas hed
dydon. And her se kyng sette micel gyld on earm folc. and )>eah
hwseftre let sefre hergian call f hi oferforon. And |?a he ferde to
Defenascire. and besset )?a burh Exancester xviii dagas. and ]?aer
wearS micel his heres forfaren. ac he heom wel behet. and yfele
gelseste. and hig him }>a burh ageafon for |>an ]?a Jjegenas heom ge-
swicon hsefdon.
And }>ses sumeres Eadgar cild for ut. mid his modor Agatha
and his twam sweostran. Margareta and Xplna. and Mserlaswegen.
and fela godra manna mid he5. and comon to Scotlande on Malcho-
lomes cyninges gry'S. and he hi ealle underfeng. Da begann se
cyngc Ml' gyrnan his sweostor him to wife Margaretan. ac he and
his menn ealle lange wiftcwsedon. and eac heo sylf wiSsoc.
And cwaVS fy heo hine ne nanne habban wolde*
gyf hire seo uplice arfeestnys geunnan wolde*
p heo on mseg^hade mihtigan drihtne'
Here
mid lichoman heortan- on J>isan life sceortan'
on clsenre forhsefednysse cweman mihte.
Se kyng befealh georne hire brefter oS f he cwse^ ja wift. and eac
he elles ne dorste. for]>an ]>e hi on his anwald becumene waeron.
Hit wearS ]>a swa geworden swa God fore sceawode on a?r. and elles
hit beon ne mihte. call swa He sylf on His godspelle sserS. )> furfton
an spearwa on gryn ne mcey befeallan forutan his foresceawunge. Se
forewitola scyppend wiste on ser hwset he of hyre gedon habban
wolde. for)?an |>e heo sceolde on jjan lande Godeslof geeacnian 1 and
J>one kyng gerihtan of j>am dweliandan pseiSe. arid gebegean hine to
beteran wege and his leode samod. and alegcean j>a unj>eawas J>e seo
j?eod ser be code eallswa heo sy^an dyde. Se kyng hi ]>a under
feng ]>eah hit hire unjjances wsere. and hi gelicade hire jjeawas and
]?ancode God ]>e hi swylce ge ma?ccean mihtiglice forgeaf. and wis-
lice hine be)>ohte swa he full witter wses. and awende hinesylfne to
Gode. and selce unsiuernysse oferhogode. Be]?amj?e apostol Paulus
ealra )>eoda lareow cwse'S. Salvabit' vir infidelis ^ muliere fidele.
Sic et mulier infideV ^ viru fidele. et rl'. ^ is on uran ge)>eode./w/
oft se ungeleaffulla wer bift gehalgad and gehaled }>urh ty rihtwise 2
1 Over eacnian is written ycean. 2 Over rihtwise is written leaffulle.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 205
1068. Her on Jussu geare WilFm cyng geaf Rodberde eorle
j?one eorl dom on Norft hymbra land. Da comon J?a landes
menn togeanes hi. and hine ofslogon. and ix hund manna
wif. and swagelice ty wif \urJi geleaffulne wer. Deos foresprecene (D 1067)
cwen seoSSan on )>a lande manege nytwyrSe dseda gefremede Gode
to lofe. and eac on ]>a kynewisan wel ge]?eh eallswa hire gecynde
wees. Of geleaffullan and aeSelan cynne heo wses asprungon. hire
faeder wses Eadward ae]?eling Eadmundes sunu kynges. Eadmund
JE)>elreding. ^E]?elred Eadgaring. Eadgar Eadreding. and swa for$
on )> cynecynn. and hire modorcynn gse'S to Heinrice casere J>e
hsefde anwald ofer Rome.
And her ferde Gy'Sa ut Haroldes modor. and manegra godra
manna wif mid hyre into Bradan Reolice. and ]?ser wunode sume
hwile. and swa for ]?anon ofer sse to see Audomare.
On ]>isan Eastron com se kyng to Wincestre. and ]?a wseron Eastra
on x kl' Apr'l. and sona seft' ]?am com Mathild seo hlsefdie hider to
lande. and Ealdred arceb' hig gehalgode to cwene on Westmynstre
on Hwitan Sunnan dseg. J>a ky^de man j>an kyninge -f }> folc be
norSan haefdon heo gegaderad togsedere and woldon him ongean
standan gif he come, he for J>a to Snotingaham and worhte Jjser
castel. and for swa to Eoferwic and J>aer worhte twegen castelas. and
on Lincolna. and ge hwar on ]?an ende. and Gospatric eorl and ]>a
betstan menn foron into Scotlande.
And amang )?isan com an Haroldes suna of Yrlande mid scyphere
into Afenan mu'San unwser. and hergode sona ofer call J?one ende.
foron ]?a to Brygc stowe and }>a burh abrecan woldon. ac seo burh-
waru heo heardlice wiSfeaht. and J>a hi ne mihton of }>sere burh naht
gewinnan. hi foron J?a to scypan mid J?an ]?e hi gehergod haefdon.
and swa hi foron on Sumersseton. and ]?8er upp eodon. and Eadnoft
stallere heom wi5 gefeaht. and wear^ tycer ofslaegen. and manege gode
menn on segSre healfe. and ]?anon aweig foron ]>e )>aer to lafe wseron.
1068. Her on Jjissu geare Willelm cyngc geaf Rodbearde eorle.
]>one ealdor dom ofer NorS hymbra land, ac |?a landes menn hine
be foron innan j>sere burh ?et Dunholme. and hine ofslogon and ix.c
manna mid him. and sona j^serseft' Eadgar seSeling com mid eallum
NorShymbrii to Eoforwic. and ]?a burh menn wiS hine gry^edon.
And Wyllelm kyng com su^an on unwser on heo mid geotendan
here, and hi aflymde. and J>a ofsloh J?a jje setfleon ne mihton. ^ wseron
fela hund manna, and ]>&. burh forhergode. and see Petres mynst' to
bysmere macede. and ealle J>a o^re eac forhergode. and forhynde.
and se seeding for eft ongean to Scotlande.
206 THE PARKER MS.
1070. Her Landfranc se J?e waes abb' on Kadum
com to jErigla lande. se efter feawum dagum wear's
arceb' on Kantwareberig. He waes gehaded iv kl'
Septeinbris. on his agenum biscpsetle fram eahte
biscopum his under 8i oddum. fta oj>re "Se }?ser naeron.
J?urh aerend rakean and Jmrh ge write atiwdon hwi
hi "Seer beon ne mihton. On f>am geare THOMAS se
(D 1068) JEffi )>isu coman Haroldes sunas of Yrlande to j>a middansumera
mid Ixiiii scypu into Tawmu'San. and )>ser unwserlice upeodon. and
Breon eorl com on unwser heo togeines mid unlytlan weorode.
and wrSgefeaht. and ofsloh |?8er ealle j?a betstan menn J>e on ]>a
lyfce wseron. and j>a oftre lytlan werode to scypu setflugon. and
Haroldes sunas foron eft to Yrlande ongean.
Her forSferde Aldred arceb' on Eoferwic. and is J?ser bebyrged set
his V stole, and he gewat on Jjone dseg. Proti and Jacinthi. and he
heold j>one arcestol mid mycclan weorSmynte x gear baton xv
wucan wanan. Sona J?ser seft' coman of Denmarcon }>reo Swegenes
suna kyninges mid cc scypu and xl and Esbeorn eorl. and purkyl
eorl. into Humbran. and heom com ]>ser togenes Eadgar cild. and
WaldJ>eof eorl. and Mserleswegen. and Gospatric eorl mid NorS
hymbru and ealle ]>a landleoden. ridende and gangende mid un
msetan here swit$e faegengende. and swa ealle anrsedlice to Eoferwic
foron. and ]?one castel tobrsecon and towurpan. and unarimendlice
gsersuman jjaerinne gewunnan. and fela hund manna Frenciscra J>ser
ofslogon and fela mid heo to scypan laeddan. and ser J>an )>e )>a
scypmenn jjider-comon haefdon )>a Frenciscan ]>a burh forbserned.
and eac f halie mynst' scs Petrus eall forhergod and forbeerned.
pa se kyng J)is geaxode. J?a for he nor^ward mid ealre his fyrde ]>e
he gegaderian mihte. and ]>a scipe mid ealle forhergode and aweste.
and f liS Iseig ealne wint' innan Humbre. jjaer se kyng heo to cuman
ne mihte. And se kyng wses Jjone mid wintres dseig on Eoferwic.
and swa ealne )>one wint' on ]?a lande. and com to Wincestre on }>a
ilcan Eastrou. and ^Egelric b' wses forwreged j>e wses on Burh.
and hine man Isedde to Westmynstre. and utlagode his broker
^Egelwine b'.
1070, 1071. Her se eorl Wseljieof gry^ode wi^ Jjone cynge. and
|>ses on lengten se kyngc let hergian ealle )>a myristra \>e on Engla
lande waeron. And )>ses geres wses micel hunger, and man hergade
j> mynst' set Burh. f waeron J>a menn |?e se b' ^Egelric ser amansum-
THE LAUD MS. (E) 207
mid hi. And Eadgar seeding co J>a mid eallu NoriS hymbram
to Eoferwic. and ]?a port men wr3 hine grrSedon. And se cyng
WnTm co suSan mid eallan his fyrde. and ]?a burh forher-
gode. and fela hund manna of sloh. and se sefteling for eft to
Scotlande.
1069. Her man wrsegde ]?one biscop ^Egelric on Burh. and Be
sende hine to Westmynstre. and \itlagode his broker ^gel-
wine b\ pa betwyx ]?a twam sea Marian msessan. comon
easton of Dsenmarcun mid ccc scipti. ^ wseron Swsegnes sunan
cynges. and his broker Osbearn eorl. And ]?a ferde se eorl
WalSeaf lit. and co he and Eadgar seiSeling. and fela hund
manna mid heo. and gemetton J?et liiS innan Humbran. and
ferdon to Eoferwic. and uppeodan and J?a castelas gewunnan.
and of slogon fela hund manna, and to scipe Iseddon sceattas
fela. and J?a heafodmen hsefdon on beandon. and lagon be-
twyx Vsan and Trentan ealne J?one winter. And se cyng
WilPm for into j?sere scire. and hi call for[dy]de. And on ]?isu ^
ilcan geare. forft ferde Brand abb' of Burh. on v kF Decembr'.
1070. Her se eorl Watyeof griiSede wi^ ]?one cyng. And
J?ses on lengten se cyng let hergian ealle J?a mynstra |?e on
Engla lande wseron. pa on )?a ilcan geare com Swegn cyng
of Denmarcan into Humbran. and )? landfolc comen him
ongean and griftedon wiiS hine. wsendon ^ he sceolde J?et land
ofergan. pa comen into Elig Xpistien J?a Densce b' and
Osbearn eorl and J?a Densca hus carles mid heo. and J?et
Englisce folc of call ]?a feon landes comen to heo. wendon -p
hi sceoldon winnon call ^ land, pa herdon |?a munecas of
Burh saegen ty heora agene menn wolden hergon J?one myn-
stre. ^ wses Hereward and his genge. ^ wses for'San )?et hi
herdon ssecgen )?et se cyng heafde gifen -p abbot rice an
Frencisce abbot Turolde wses gehaten. and ^ he wses swi'Se
styrne man. and wses cumen J>a into Stanforde mid ealle hise
Frencisce menn. pa waes J?8ere an cyrce weard Yware wses
gehaten. na ]?a be nihte call ]?et he mihte. j?et waeron Xpes
bee and msesse hakeles and cantelcapas and reafes and swilce
litles hwat. swa hwat swa he mihte. and ferde sona ser dseg
to j?ofi abbot Turolde and ssegde hi -p he sohte his griiSe. and
cydde hi hu J?a utlages sceolden cumen to Burh. -f he dyde
eall be j?sere munece rsede. pa sona on morgen comen ealle
]?a ut laga mid fela scipe. and woldon into ]?am niynstre. and
208 THE PARKER MS. (ft)
(A.D. 1070) waes gecoran biscp to Eferwic. com to Cantwareberig
^ man hine "Seer gehadede efter f>an ealdan gewunan.
DajSa Landfranc crafede faestnunge his gehersumnesse
mid a'Sswerunge. J>a forsoc he. and ssede -J? he hit
nahte to donne. pa ge wra'Sede hine se arceb' Land-
franc, and bebead f>am biscopan "Se }?ar cumene wseran
be 8as arceb' L. hsese J?a serfise to donde. and eallan
J?an munecan. ^ hi scoldan hi unscrydan. and hi be
his haese swa didan. Swa Thomas to ]?am timan
agean ferde buton bletsunga. pa son a setter ]?ysan
be lamp j? se arceb' Landfranc ferde to Rome and
Thomas for$ mid. paj?a hi J?yder comon and umbe
o)?erj?ing gesprecon haefdon umbe ^ hi sprecan
woldon. J?a angan Thomas his spsece hu he com to
Cantuuarebyri. and hu se arceb' axode hyrsumnesse
mid aj?swerunge at him. and he hit forsoc. pa
agann se arceb' L. atywian mid openum gesceade. ^
he mid rihte crafede )?as )?a he crafede. and mid
strangan cwydan ^ ylce gefaestnode toforan )?am
papan Slexandre. and to foran eallan J?am concilium
j?e J>ar gegadered was. and swa ham foran. ^Efter
J>vsan com Thomas to Cantwarebyri and eal j? se
arceb' set him crafede eadmedlice gefylde. and sy]?J?an
f>a bletsungan under feng. $
(D 1070, 1071) ade. for }>on ]>e hi namon j)ser call ^ he ahte. And J>ees ilcan sumeres
com -f li^ into Temese. and lagon }>ser twa niht. and heoldon sy^an
to Denmarcon. and Baldawine eorl forSferde. and Arnulf his sunu
feng to J>an rice, and Francena kyning and Wyllelm eorl sceoldon
beon his geheald. ac J>aer com Rodbeart. and ofsloh Arnulf his
mseig and jxme eorl Wyllelm. and )?one kyngc aflymde. and ofsloh
his manna fela Jmsenda.
Here ends the Englisc text of closes with the consecration of his suc-
MS. X. A later hand has continued cessor Anselm. This piece will be given
the history of Lanfranc in Latin, and in the Appendix.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 209
}>a munecas wrSstoden )? hi na mihton incumen. pa Isegdon (A.D. 1070)
hi fyr on. and forbserndon ealle |?a munece huses and call j?a
tun buton ane huse. pa comen hi Jmrh fyre in set BolhrSe
geate. and J?a munecas comen heo togeanes. beaden heo
grrS ac hi na rohten na J>ing. geodon into j?e mynstre.
clumben upp to )?e halge rode, nameii J?a )?e kynehelm of
ure Drihtnes heafod call of smeate golde. namen f>a J>et fot
spure ]?e wses undernaeiSen his fote. ty wses call of read golde.
Clumben upp to ]?e stepel. brohton dune ^ hsecce j?e J?aer
wses behid. hit wees call of gold and of seolfre. hi namen
j?sere twa gildene scrines and ix seolferne. and hi namen
fiftene mycele roden. ge of golde ge of seolfre. hi namen J?sere
swa mycele gold and seolfre and swa manega gersumas on
sceat and on scrud and on bokes swa nan man ne meei ofter
tsellen. ssegdon p hi hit dyden for ftes mynstres holdscipe.
Sy&Son geden heo to scipe, ferden heom to Elig. betaehtan
J?ser ]?a ealla )>a gsersume. J?a Denescse menn wsendon ^ hi
sceoldon ofercumen }?a Frencisca men. )?a todrefodon ealle
)?a munekes. beleaf )?8er nan butan an munec he wses gehaten
Leofwine lange. he laei seoc in J?a secraemanin. Da co
Turold abbot and sehte si)?e twenti Frencisce men mid hi
and ealle fullwepnode. pa he J?ider co ]?a fand he forbsernd
wiiSinnan and wiiSutan. call butan J?a cyrece ane. J?a wseron
J?a utlagas ealle on flote. wistan ty he scolde Jnder cumen.
pis wses don J?ses dseges iv non ; Junii. pa twegen kyngas
WilFm and Swsegn wuriSon ssehtlod. )?a ferdon )?a Dsenesca
menn lit of Elig mid ealle ]?a foren sprseceiia gsersume and
Iseddon mid heo. pa hi comen on middewarde J?e sae. J?a co
an mycel storm and todrsefede ealle J?a scipe J?ser J?a ger-
sumes wseron inne. sume ferdon to Norwsege. sume to
Yrlande. sume to Dsen marce. and call ty )?ider co p wses
)?one haecce and sume scrine and sume roden and fela of J?a
oftre gsersume. and brohten hit to an cynges tun hatte.
and dyden hit call J?a in )?one cyrce. Da sy^fton ]?urh heora
gemelest and ]?urh heora druncen hed on an niht for bsernde
]?a cyrce. and call J>et J?ser innse waes. Dus wees se mynstre corr<b " stto
of Burch forbaernd and forhsergod. selmihtig God hit ge-
miltse )?urh his mycele mild hertnesse. And J?us se abbot
Turold co to Burh. and J?a munecas comen ]?a ongean. and
dydan Xpes ]?eudom in J?sere cyrce. f ser hsefde standen fulle
E e
THE LAUD MS. (E)
seofeniht forutan selces cynnes riht. Da herde
biscop J>et gesecgon. ]?a amansumede he ealle ]?a men J?a ^
yfel daede haefden don. Da wses mycel hunger ]?ses geares.
and )?a j?aes sumeres co )?et lift norSan of Humbran into
Tsemese. and lagou )?ser twa niht. and heoldan syftfton to
Dsen mercan. And Baldewine eorl forft ferde. and his sunu
Arnulf feng to rice, and WilFm eorl sceolde ben his geheald.
and Franca cyng eac. and co ]?a Eodbriht eorl and of sloh
his mseg Arnulf. and j?one eorl. and j?one cyng aflymda. and
his menn of sloh fela Jmsenda.
1071. Her ^dwine eorl arid Morkere eorl uthlupon and
mislic ferdon on wudu and on felda. Da gewende Morkere
eorl to Elig on scipe. and Eadwine eorl wearS ofslagen
arhlice fra his agenu mannu. and co se V Egelwine. and
Siward Beam, and fela hund manna mid heo into Elig.
And )?a J?e se cyng WilPm ^ geaxode. J>a bead he lit scip
fyrde and landfyrde. and )?et land abutan saet. and brycge
gewrohte. and inn for. and seo scip fyrde on )?a saehealfe.
And J?a ut lagan ]?a ealle on hand eodan. )? waes Egelwine
b\ and Morkere eorl. and ealle J?a ]?e mid heo wseron buton
Herewarde ane and ealle ]?a ]?e mid hi woldon. and he hi
ahtlice litlsedde. And se cyng gena scipa and waepna and
sceattas manega. and ]?a men he ateah swa swa he wolde.
and J?one b' Egelwine he sende to Abban dune, and he j>ser
for5 ferde sona J?8es wintres.
(D) 1072. Her Eadwine eorl and Morkere eorl hlupon ut. and mislice
ferdon on wuda. and on feldon. o'S -f Eadwine wear^ ofslsegen fram
his agenum mannum. and Morkere mid scype gewende to Helig.
and Jjser com ^Egelwine b'. and Sigwar^ Barn, and fela hund manna
mid heom. Ac J>a se kyngc Wyllelm }>is geahsade. ]>a. bead he
ut scyp fyrde. and landfyrde. and -f land call utan embsette.
and brygce worhte and scypfyrde on j>a ssehealfe. and hi ealle J>a
eodon ]>an kyninge on hand. )> wses JEgelwine b'. and Morkere eorl.
and ealle |>a ]>e mid heom waeron. buton Herewerde anum. and ealle
]?a |>e mid him setfleon mihton. and he hi ahtlice utahedde. and se
kyng nam heora scypa and wsepna. and manega sceattas. and |>a
THE LAUD MS. (E)
1072. Her Willelm cyng Isedde scip fyrde and land fyrde
to Scotlande. and ty land on Jra ssehealfe mid scipu ymbe
laeg. and his land fyrde set J?a Gewsede in Isedde. and he J?ser
naht ne funde J?ses ]?e him ]?e bet wsere. And se cyng Mel-
colm co and grrSede wi$ ]?one cyng Willelm and gislas
sealde. and his man wses. and se cyng ha gewende mid
ealre his fyrde. And se b' Egelric forS ferde. he wees to
biscop hadod to Eoferwic. ac hit wees mid unriht him of
genumon. and man geaf him ty b'rice on Dunholme. and he
heafde hit )?a hwile ]?e he wolde. and for let hit syiSSan. and
ferde to Burch to see Petres mynstre. and J?ser drohtnode xii
gear. Da aeft* J?a J?e Willelm cyng gewan Engla lande. ]?a
na he hine of Burch and sende hine to West mynstre. and
he for$ ferde on id' OctoV. and he is bebyrged ]?ser innan
J?a mynstre. innon scs Nicolaus portice.
1073. On )?isum geare Willelm cyng laedde Engliscne here
and Frencisce ofer sse. and gewan $ land Mans, and hit
Englisce men swyfte amyrdon. win gearSas hi for dydon- and
burga for baerndon. and swi'Se )?et land amyrdon. and hit call
(D) raenn ealle he toe. and dyde of heom $ he wolde. and ^gelwine b'
he sende to Abbandune. and he ]?aer for^ferde.
1073. Her Wyllelra kyng Isedde scyp ferde and landfyrde to Scot
lande. and ]> land on ]>a ssehealfe mid scypum ymblseig. and him sylf
mid his landfyrde ferde inn ofer -f Wse/S. and he J>ser naht ne funde
}>ses ]>e heom )>e betere wsere. and Malcolm cyngc com and gry^ode
wrS Wyll'm cyngc and wses his mann. and hi gyslas salde. and he
sy^an ham gewende mid ealre his fyrde. and se b' ^Egelric for
ferde. he wses to b'pe gehadod to Eoforwic. ac hit wses mid unrihte
hi of genumen. and geaf him )> b'rice set Dunholme. and he hit
hsefde J?a hwile J>e he wolde. and forlet hit syfrSan and ferde to
Burh. to see Petres mynstre. and j>ser drohtnode xii gear. )>a seft'
J>am )>e Wyllelm gewann Engla land, he let hine nyman of Burh.
and sende hine to Westmynstre. and he jjaer forSferde. on id' Oct'b.
and is )>ser bebyrged innan see Nicolaes portice.
1074. On j>isan gere Willelm cyngc Isedde Englisce fyrde and
Frencisce ofer see. and gewann }> land Mans, and hit Englisce menn
swifte amaerdon. wingeardas hi for dydon. and burga forbserndan.
E e 2
THE LAUD MS. (E)
abegdoir Willelme to handa. and hi sy&5on ha gewendon- to
Engla lande.
1074. On ]?isri geare for Willelm cyng ofer sse to Nor-
mandig. and Eadgar cild com of Scotland to Normandige.
and se cyng hine geinlagode and ealle his men. and he wses
on J?es cynges hyrede. and na swilce gerihta swa se cyng
him geufte.
(D) and -f land swrSe amyrdon. and eall $ land ge begdan ]>an kyninge
to handan. and hig seo&ian ham gewendan.
1075. On Jnssii gere Wyllelm cyngc for ofer sse to Normandige.
And Eadgar cild com of Fleminga lande into Scotlande. on see
Grim baldes msesse daeg. and se kyngc Malcholom and his sweostor
Margareta hine underfengon mid mycclan weorSscype. On J>sere ilcan
tide sende se kyng of Francrice Filipp' gewrit to him. and bead hi
]> he to hi come, and he wolde geofan him J>one castel set Mustrsel.
f he mihte sy^an deeghwamlice his unwinan un)>ancas don. Hwset
j>a se cyngc Malcolm, and his sweoster Margareta. geafon hi myccla
geofa. and manega gsersama. and eallon his mannan. on scynnan
mid pselle betogen and on merSerne pyleceon. and graschynnene.
and hearma scynnene. and on psellon. and on gyldenan faton and on
seolfrenan. and hine and ealle his scyperan mid mycclan weorftscipe
of his grySe alsedde. Ac on J>sere fare heom yfele gelamp. ]>a hi ut
on see wseron. p heom on becom swifte hreoh weder. and seo wode
sse. and se stranga wind hi on -p land awearp }> ealle heora scypa
to burston. and hi sylfe earfo^lice to lande coman. and heora
gaersama for neh eall losade. and his men eac wurdon sume gelsehtse
of Frencyscan mannan. ac he sylf and his ferestan menn ferdon eft
ongean to Scotlande sume hreowlice on fotan gangende. and sume
earmlice ridende. Da gereedde se kyngc Malcholom him f he
sende to Wyllelme cynge ofer sse. and bsede his gry^es. and he eac
swa dyde. and se cyngc him Jjses ge tirade, and seft' him sende. and
se kyngc eft Malcolm and his sweostor. him and eallon his mannan
unarimede gsersama geafon. and switte weorftlice hine eft of heora
gry^e sendon. and se scirgerefa of Eofervvic com him to geanes set
Dunholme. and ferde ealne weig mid him. and let hi findan mete
and foddor. set selcan castelle ]?ser hi to comon. 08 )? hig ofer sse to
]>am kynige coman. and se kyngc Wyllelm mid micclan weorSscype
}>a hine underfengc. and he waes ]>8er ]>a on his hirede and toe swilce
gerihta swa he him gelagade.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 213
1075. On ]>isii geare WilFm cyng geaf Raulfe eorle
WilFmes dohtor Osbearnes sunu. and se ylca Raulf wses
Bryttisc on his moder healf e. and his feeder wses Englisc
Raulf hatte. and wses geboren on NorS folce. )?a geaf se
cyng his sunu J?on eorl dom on Nor$ folc and SuiS folc. ]?a
Iredde he -p wif to NorS wic.
pser wes -p bryd eala
mannu to beala.
Dser wses Roger eorl. and Watyeof eorl. and biscopas and
abbotes. and rseddon J?ser swa "p hi woldon ]?one cyng ge-
settan lit of Englalandes cynedome. And hit wearS sona
gecydd J?a cynge to Norinandige hu hit wa3s gersed. ty wses
Roger eorl. and Raulf eorl. )?e wseron yldast to 'Sam unreode.
and hi speonan ]?a Bryttas heo to. and sendon east to Den
mearcan a3ft' scip here heo to fultume. And Roger ferde
west to his eorl dome, and gegaderode his folc. to J>8es cynges
un)?earfe. ac he wearS gelet. And Raulf eac on his eorl
dome wolde foriS gan mid his folce. ac ]?a castel men ]?e
wseron on Engla lande and eac j? land folc hi to geanes
comen. and gemacodon )) he iiaht ne dyde. ac for to scipe
(D) 1076. On J>issan geare Wyllelra cyngc geaf Raulfe eorl Wyllelmes
dohtor Osbarnes sunu. and se ylca Raulf wses Bryttisc on his modor
healfe. and Rawulf his feeder wses Englisc. and waes geboren on
NorS folce. and se kyngc geaf for]?i his suna J?8er ]?one eorldom. and
SuSfolc eac. He j>a Isedde f wif to NorSwic.
P3r wses -f bryd ealo-
f wses manegra ma'nna bealo.
Dser wses Rogcer eorl and Watyeof eorl. and biscopas. and abbodas.
and rseddon j?ser f hi woldon beora kynehlaford of his cynerice
adrifan. and J>is wses j>am kyninge sona to Normandie gecy^ed.
Rawulf eorl and Rogcer eorl wseron hofdingas set ]>isan unrsede.
and hi speonon heom to |>a Bryttas. and sendon eac to Dene-
marcon seft' scyphere and Rogcer ferde west to his eorldome.
and gaderad his folc J>an cyngce to un]>earfe he }>ohte. ac hit
wear<5 heom seolfan to mycclan hearme. Rawulf eac wolde mid
his eorldome forS gan. Ac }>a castel menn }>e weeron on Engla
lande. and eac f land folc heom tpgenes comon. and hi ealle ge-
letton. hi naht ne dydon. ac wses fsegen -f he to scypum set fleah.
THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1075) set NorSwic. And his wif wses innan J?a castele. and hine
heold swa lange ^ man hire grift sealde. and heo ut ferde ]?a
of Engla lande. and call hire men ]?e hire mid woldon. And
se cyng srSftan co to Engla lande. and gena Roger eorl his
mseg. and gefestnode hine. and Watyeof eorl he gena eac.
And sona sefter ]?atn comon eastan of Denmearcan cc scipa.
and j?aer on wseron twsegen heafodmenn. Cnut Swsegnes sunu
and Hacun eorl. and hi ne dorstan nan gefeoht healdan wr3
WilPm cynge. ac heoldon ofer sae to Flandran.
And EadgrS seo hlsefdig forft ferde on Winceastre vii nihton
ser Xpes maessan. and se cyng hi let bryngan to Westmynstre
mid mycclan wurftscipe. and laegde hi wr3 Eadward kyng hire
hlaforde.
And se wees on Westmynstre J>one mide winter, and man
fordyde ]?a3r ealle ]?a Bryttas J>e wseron set )?am brydealoft set
NoriS wic. sume hy wurdon ablaende and sume of land adrifene.
swa wurdon WilFmes swican genrSrade.
(D 1076) and his wif belaf seft' in ]?a castele. and hine swa lange heold o$ f
man hire gry8 salde. and heo }>a ut ferde of Engla lande. and ealle
hire menn }>e hire mid woldon. and se kyngc sySftan com to Engla
lande. and gefeng Rogcer eorl his mseg. and sette on prisun. And
WalJ?eof eorl ferde ofer sse. and wreide hine sylfne and bsed forgy-
fenysse and bead gsersuman. Ac se kyngc let lihtlice of o'S ^ he
com to Englalande. and hine let sy^an tacan.
And sona seft' J>isan coman of Denemarcon twa hund scypa. }>seron
wseron heafdesmenn Cnut Swegnessunu cynges. and Hacon eorl. and
ne dorston nan gefeoht healdan wift Willelme cynge. ac ferdon to
Eoforwic. and braecon see Petres mynst'. and tocon Jjserinne mycele
sehta and foron swa aweg. ac ealle J?a forferdon ]>e set J>a rsede waeron.
f wses Hacones sunu eorles and manege o^re mid him.
And Eadgy'S seo hlasfdie forft ferde. seo wees Eadwardes cynges
geresta. seofon niht ser Xpes msessan on Wincestre. and se cynge
hig let bryngan to Westmynstre mid mycclan weorSscype. and leide
heo wrS Eadwarde cynge hire hlaforde.
Se kyngc wses J>a jxme midwint' on Westmynstre. ]>ser mon for
demde ealle }>a Bryttas )>e wseron set )>a brydlope set NorSwic.
Sume hi wurdon geblende*
and sume wrecen of lande-
and sume getawod to scande*
]?us wurdon J>ses kyninges
swican geny^erade.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 215
1076. On ]?isu geare forSferde Swsegn cyng on Dsenmercan.
and Harold his sunu feng to ]?e cynerice.
And se cyng geaf Westmynster Vithele abbode se wees ser
abb' on Baernege. And Watyeof eorl wes beheafdod on Win
ceastre. and his lie wearS gelead to Crulande.
And se cyng for ofer sse. and laedde his fyrde to Brytlande.
and beset J?one castel D61. and ]?a Bryttas hine heoldon ^ se
cyng co of Franc land, and Willelm ]?anon for. and J?ser for
leas seg^er ge men ge hors. and feola his gersuma.
1077. Her on ]?isu geare wurdon ssehte Franca cyng and
Willelm Englalandes cyng. ac hit heold litle hwile.
And j?es geares for barn Lundenburh anre nihte ser As- comb|
sumptio see Marie swa swyfte swa heo nsefre ser nses sy<$
J?an heo gestabeled wses.
And on J?isii geare forS fyrde ^Egelwig abb' on Euesha on
J?a dsege xiv k' Mr'. And Hereman b' eac for^ ferde on f>a
dsege x k* Mr'.
(D) 1077- On ]?isan geare fortS ferde Swegen kyngc on Denemarcon.
and Harold his sunu feng to his cyne rice. Her Wyllelm cyngc
abb'
geaf f abb' rice set Westmynstre FiJ?ele abbode. se wees ser munuc
aet Bernege. And her wses Watyeof eorl be heafdod. on Wiocestre
on see Petronella msesse dseg. and his lie wearS gelsed to Crulande.
and he J>ser is bebyrged. And Wyllelra cyngc for ofer sae. and Isedde
fyrde to Brytlande. and be sset ]x>ne castel aet D61. ac J>a Bryttas
hine heoldon o^ -f se cyngc com of Franc rice, and Wyllelm cyngc
J?a J>anon for. and j?aer for leas aeg&er menn and hors and unarimede
geersaman.
1078. Her se mona aj>y strode j?reom nihton ser Candelmeessan.
and -^Egelwig se woruld snotra abb' on Eofeshamme forSferde. on
sea Juliana msesse dseg. and Waltere wses to abb'e geset on his
stede. and Hereman b' forS ferde. se wses b' on Bearrucscire. and on
Wiltunscire. and on Dorssetan. and Her Malcholom kyngc gewann
Mselslsehtan modor. * ;: ' *#*#''# ^
* -x- * and ealle his betstan menn and ealne his gsersuman. and
his orf. and he sylf unease setbserst.
*
*
*
and her wses se dria sumor. and wilde fyr com on manega scira and
forbsernde fela tuna, and eac manega burga forbu[r]non.
THE LAUD MS. (E)
1079. On Jnsu geare co Melcolm cyng of Scotlaride into
Engle lande betwyx J?a twa Mariam msessan mid mycclu
fyrde. and gehergode NorShymbra land oiS hit com to Tine,
and of sloh feala hund manna, and ham Isedde manige sceattas
and gersuma. and menn on heftninge.
And y\ ilcan geare se cyng Willelm gefeaht to geanes his
sunu Kotbearde wiiSutan Normandige be anu castele Ger-
borneft hatte. and se cyng WilPm wearS J>aer gewundod. and
his hors ofslagen )?e he onsset. and eac his sunu Willelm
wear^S J?aer gewundod. and fela manna ofslagene.
1080. On J?isum geare wses se V Walchere ofslagen on
Dunholme set aim gemote. and an hund manna mid him
Frencisce and Flemisce. and he sylf wses on Hlo^eringa ge-
boren. J>is dydon NorShymbran on Maies monSe.
1081. On J?isu geare se cyng leedde fyrde into Wealan. and
J?ser gefreode fela hund manna.
1082. Her nam se cyng Odan b'. and her wtes mycel
hunger.
(D) 1079. Her Rodbert bses cynges sunu Will'm. hleop fram his
feeder, to his eame Rotbryhte on Flandron. for ban be his feeder ne
wolde him Isetan waldan his eorl domes on Normandige be he sylf
and eac se kyng Filipp' mid his gebafunge him gegyfen hsefdon. and
\>z |>e betst weeron on ]?a lande heefdon a^as hi gesworon. and hine
to hlaforde genumen. Her Rotbert feht wrS his fseder and hine on
j?a hand gewundade. and his hors wearS under of scoten. and se ]>e
hi otier tobrohte weai"5 jjgerrihte mid anan arblaste of scoten. f wses
Tokig Wig godes sunu. and fela J>ser wurdon ofslsegen and eac
gefangene. and Rotb't eft gewende to Fleminga lande. ne wylle
we J?eh her na mare sca^e awritan J>e he his feeder ge * * * *
1 080. Her wer\ Anagus ofsleien frdm Scotta e6re. and \>er wer\
micel weell ofsleigen mid him. ^er wes codes rtyt ge sochen on him for
lp(e he wes all for sw66rn.^
MS. D closes with this curious the time of the rebellion of Angus earl
piece of English, which was added to of Murray against David I. Buchanan
the book after a considerable interval. touches on it : " . . . -/Enea Moraviae
The date is faulty, and instead of Comite cum suorum magna multitu-
MLXXX, should probably be, as Tngratn dine cseso ..." Rer. Scot. Hist. vii.
has shewn, MCXXX, which was about 29.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 217
1083. On J>isu geare aras seo ungehwsernes on Glsestinga
byrig betwyx ]?a abbode purslane, and his munecan. ^Erest
hit c5 of J?ses abbotes unwisdome. )? he mis bead his munecan
on fela Jnngan. and ]?a munecas hit msendon lufelice to hi.
and beadon hine ^ he sceolde healdan hi rihtlice. and lufian
hi. and hi woldon hi beon holde and gehyrsume. Ac se
abbot nolde j?ses naht. ac dyde heo yfele. and beheot heom
wyrs. Anes dseges J?e abbot code into capitulan. and sprsec
uppon J?a munecas. and wolde hi mis tukian. and sende sefV
Isewede mannu. and hi comon into capitulan on uppon J?a
munecas fullgewepnede. And J?a wseron ]?a munecas swrSe
aferede of heo. nyston hwet heo to donne weere. ac to
scuton. sume urnou into cyrcean. and belucan J?a duran into
heo. and hi ferdon seft' heo into J>a mynstre. and woldon
hig utdragan. ]?a^a hig ne dorsten na utgan. Ac reowlic
]?ing J?ser gelamp on dseg. )? J?a Frencisce men brsecen ]?one
chor and torfedon towserd ]?a weofode J?ier ^a munecas
wseron. and sume of ftarn cnihtan ferdon uppon J?one upp
flore. and scotedon a dunweard mid arewan toweard J?a
haligdome. swa ^ on J?sere rode ]?e stod bufon )?a weofode
sticodon on msenige arewan. and J>a wreccan munecas lagon
on buton Ipa weofode. and sume crupon under, and gyrne
cleopedon to Gode his miltse biddende. ]?a f>a hi ne mihton
nane miltse aet mannu begytan. Hwret magon we secgean.
buton ^ hi scotedon swrSe. and J?a o'Sre $a dura brsecon j?ser
adune and eodon inn. and ofslogon sume )?a munecas to
deafte. and msenige gewundedon J?ser inne. swa ty %et blod
co of iSa weofode uppon J?a gradan. and of 'Sam gradan on j?a
flore. J>reo f>ser wseron ofslagene to dea^e. and eahteteone
g'wundade.
And on J?ses ilcan geares for$ ferde Mahtild Will'mes cynges
cwen. on ]?one dseg seft' ealra halgena msesse dseg.
And on ]?es ylcan geares aeft' midewint^ se cyng let beodan
mycel gyld and hefelic ofer eall Engla land, ty wses set selcere
hyde twa and hund seofenti peanega.
1084. Her on Sisum geare for$ ferde Wulfuuold abb' on
Ceortesege. on J?a dseg xiii k' Mai.
1085. On J>isu geare menn cwydodon and to softan
ssedan. )? Cnut cyng of Den mearcan Swsegnes sune cynges
fundade hiderward. and wolde gewinnan ]?is land mid Bod-
F-f
218 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A. 0.1085) beardes eorles fultume of Flandran. forSan j?e Cnut heafde
Rodbeardes dohter. Da Will'm Englalandes cyng J?e }>a
wees sittende on Normandige. forSig he ahte segfter ge Engla
land ge Normandige. J>is geaxode. he ferde into Engla lande
mid swa mycclan here ridendra manna and gangendra of
Franc rice and of Bryt lande. swa nsefre ser j?is land ne
gesohte. swa ^ menn wundredon hu jns land mihte call
]?one here afedan. Ac se cyng let toscyfton ]?one here
geoiid call J?is land to his mannon. and hi fseddon J?one
here selc be his land efne. And men heafdon mycel geswinc
J?aes geares. and se cyng lett awestan -p land abutan j?a see.
J?et gif his feond comen upp. ^ hi nsefdon na on hwam hi
fengon swa rsedlice. Ac J?a se cyng geaxode to softan ty his
feond gelsette wseron. and ne mihten na geforSian heora fare.
J?a lett he sum )?one here faren to heora agene lande. and
sum he heold on J?isu lande ofer winter.
Da to J?a midewintre wses se cyng on Gleawe ceastre mid
his witan. and heold )?8er his hired v dagas. and syfrSan ]?e
arceb' and gehadode men hsefden sinoft J?reo dagas. Dser
wses Maurici' gecoren to b' on Lundene. and WilFm to
NorSfolce. and Rodbeard to Ceaster scire. hi wseron ealle
J>ses cynges clerecas. ^Efter ]?isu hsefde se cyng mycel ge-
]?eaht. and swiiSe deope spsece wi^ his witan ymbe }?is land
hu hit wsere gesett. o^^e mid hwylcon mannon. Sende )?a
ofer call Engla land into selcere scire his men. and lett agaii
ut hu fela hundred hyda waeron innon )>sere scire. o$$e hwet
se cyng him sylf hsefde landes and orfes innan }>a lande.
o$$e hwilce gerihtse he ahte to habbanne to xii monjmm of
"Saere scire. Eac he lett gewritan hu mycel landes his arce b's
hsefdon. and his leod b's. and his abb^s. and his eorlas. and
j?eah ic hit lengre telle. hwset o^iSe hu mycel selc mann
hsefde ]?e land sittende wses innan Engla lande. on lande
o#3e on orfe. and hu mycel feos hit wsere wuriS. Swa swyfte
nearwelice he hit lett utaspyrian. ^ nses an selpig hide, ne
an gyrde landes. ne furSon. hit is sceame to tellanne. ac hit
ne Jmhte hi nan sceame to donne. an oxe. ne an cii. ne n
swin. nses belyfon. -p uses gesset on his gewrite. and ealle ]?a
gewrita wseron gebroht to him syiSftan.
1085. Her se cyng bser his corona and heold his hired on
Win ceastre to )>a Eastran. and swa he ferde ^ he wses to
THE LAUD MS. (E) 219
fa Pentecosten set Wsest minstre. and dubbade his sunu (A.D. 1085)
Henric to ridere Ipser. SySftan he ferde abutan swa ty he
com to Lammsessan to Searebyrig. and J?ser hi comon to
his witan. and ealle J?a landsittende men. J?e ahtes wseron
ofer call Englaland. wseron ]?ses mannes men ]?e hi wseron.
And ealle hi bugon to hi. and weron his menn. and hi
holdaftas sworon -p hi woldon ongean ealle oftre men hi
holde beon. Danon he ferde into Wiht. forj?ig he wolde
faran into Normandige. and swa dyde sy&San. And J?eah he
dyde serest sefter his gewunan. begeat swrSe mycelne sceatt
of his mannan )?ser he mihte aenige teale tohabban oiSfte mid
rihte oftfte elles. Ferde )?a sySftan into Normandige. and
Eadgar seeding ^Edwardes mseg cynges beah J?a fra hi.
for]?ig he naefde na mycelne wurSscipe of hi. ac se selmihtiga
God hi gife wurSscipe on J?am toweardan. And Cristina
J?ses seiSelinges swuster beah into mynstre to Bumesege. and
under feng halig rest.
And J?ses ilcan geares wses swi^e hefelic gear, and swrSe
swincfull and sorhfull gear innan Englelande on orfcwealme.
and corn and wa3stmas wseron aetstandene. and swa mycel
ungelimp on wsederunge swa man uaht se^elice gefencean
ne mseg. swa stdr funring. and Isegt wes. swa ty hit acwealde
manige men. and aa hit wyrsode mid mannan swrSor and
swi^or. Gebete hit God elmihtiga. )?onne his willa sy.
1086. ^Efter ure Drihtnes Hselendes Cristes gebyrtide. an
Jmsend wintra and seofan and hnnd eahtatig wintra. on ]?a
a"n and twentigan geare fses [>e WilFm weolde and stihte
Engleland swa hi God u^e. gewearS swi^e hefelic and
swi'Se wold berendlic gear on )?issu lande. Swylc cofte co
on mannum. ^ full neah sefre f>e ofter man wear^S on )?a
wyrrestan yfele. j?et is on $am drife. and }?et swa stranglice.
^ msenige menn swulton on $am yfele. Sy^^an co ]?urh
J?a mycclan ungewiderunge ]>e comon swa we beforan tealdon.
swyfte mycel hunger ofer eall Engle land, ty manig hundred
manna earmlice deafte swulton J?urh ]?one hunger. Eala hu
earmlice and hu reowlic tid wses i5a. Da i$a wreccae men
Isegen for drifene full neah to deaiSe. and sy$$an co se scearpa
hungor and adyde hi mid ealle.
Hwa ne mseg earmian swylcere tide? oftfte hwa is swa
heard heort ty ne meeg wepan swylces ungelimpes? Ac swylce
F f 2
220 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1086) ]?ing gewurSa)? for folces synna -p hi nellaft lufian God and
rihtwisnesse. Swa swa hit waes J>a on $am dagu. ty litel
rihtwisnesse wses on J?isu lande mid senige menn. buton mid
munecan ane J?ser j?ser hi wsell ferdon. Se cyng and ]?a
heafod men lufedon swrSe and ofer swi$e gitsunge. on golde.
and on seolfre. and ne rohtan hu synlice hit wsere begytan
buton hit come to heo. Se cyng sealde his lande swa
deore to male swa heo deorost mihte. Donne co su o3er
and bead mare J?onn j?e o$er ser sealde. and se cyng hit
lett ]?a menn J?e him mare bead. Donne co se ]?ridde. and
bead geat mare, and se cyng hit let ]?a men to handa J?e
hi eallra meast bead, and ne rohte na hu swrSe synlice ]?a
gerefan hit begeatan of earme mannon. ne hu manige un-
laga hi dydon. Ac swa man swyftor spsec embe rihte lage.
swa mann dyde mare unlaga. hy arerdon un rihte tollas.
and manige o^re un rihte hi dydan. J?e sindon earfe]?e to
areccenne.
Eac on iSam ilcan geare setforan hserfeste for barn -p halige
mynster see Paule )?e b'stol on Lundene. and msenige o^re
mynstres. and -p mseste dsel and ^ rotteste ealle fsere burh.
Swylc eac on $am ilcan timan for barn full neah aslc heafod
port on eallon Engle lande. Eala reowlic and weperidlic tid
wses J?ses geares. f>e swa manig ungelimp wses for^ bringende.
Eac on ]?am ilcan geare to foran Assumptio see Marie for
WilFm cyng of Normandige into France mid fyrde. and her-
gode uppan liis agenne hlaford Philippe )?a cynge. and sloh
of his mannon mycelne dsel. and forbearnde J?a burh Maftante.
and ealle ]?a halige mynstres )?e waeron innon J?sere burh. and
twegen halige menn ]?e hyrsumedon Gode on ancer settle
wimiende. ]?ser wseron forbearnde.
Dissu J>us gedone. se cyng Willelm cearde ongean to Nor-
mandige. Reowlic ]?ing he dyde. and reowlicor hi gelap.
Hu reowlicor? him geyfelade. and f him stranglice eglade.
Hwset mseg ic teollan? Se scearpa deaft )?e ne for let ne rice
menn ne heane. seo hine gena.
He swealt on Normandige on ]?one nextan dseg seft^ nati-
uitas see Marie, and man bebyrgede hine on Ca]?um set see
Stephanes mynstre. serer he hit arserde. and sy^San mseni
fealdlice gegodade.
Eala hu leas and hu un wrest is ]?ysses middaneardes wela.
THE LAUD MS. (E)
Se ]?e wses serur rice cyng. and maniges landes hlaford. he (A. D. 1086)
nsefde )?a ealles landes buton seofon fot nisei, and se ]?e wses
hwilon gescrid mid golde. and mid gimmu. he Iseg ]?a ofer
wrogen mid moldan.
He Isefde sefter hi )?reo sunan. Rodbeard het se yldesta.
se wses eorl on Normandige seft' him. se o^er het Willelm.
]?e bser seft' him on Engleland ]?one kinehelm. Se J?ridda
het Heanric. J?a se fseder becwseiS gersuman un ateallend-
lice.
Gif hwa gewilnigeft to gewitane hu gedon mann he wses.
o&Se hwilcne wurftscipe he hsefde. o&Se hu fela lande he
wsere hlaford. Donne wille we be hi awritan swa swa we
hine ageaton. $e hi onlocodan. and o3re hwile on his hirede
wunedon. Se cyng Willelm ]?e we embe speca$ wses swrSe
wis man. and swrSe rice, and wurSfulre and strengere
]?onne seriig his foregengra wsere. He wses milde J?a godu
mannu J?e God lufedon. and ofer call gemett stearc )?a
mannu ]?e wiiScwsedon his willan. On ^a ilcan steode J?e
God him geu^e ty he moste Engleland gegan. he arerde
msere mynster. and munecas J?ser gessette. and hit wsell ge-
godade. On his dagan wses )? msere mynster on Cantwar-
byrig getymbrad. and eac swrSe manig o^er ofer call Engla
land. Eac f>is land wses swrSe afylled mid munecan. and J?a
leofodan heora lif seft' scs Benedict' regule. and se Xpen-
dom wses swilc on his dsege -p selc man hwset his hade to
belumpe. folgade se J?e wolde. Eac he wses swy^e wur^ful.
J?riwa he bser his cyne helm selce geare. swa oft swa he wses
on Engle lande. on Eastron he hine bser on Winceastre. on
Pentecosten on West mynstre. on mide wintre on Gleawe
ceastre. And (?senne wseron mid hi ealle ]?a rice men ofer
call Englaland. arcebiscopas. and leod b's. abbodas and eorlas.
J?egnas and cnihtas. Swilce he wses eac swyfte stearc man
and rseiSe. swa ^ man ne dorste nan J>ing ongean his willan
don. He haefde eorlas on his bendu. J?e dydan ongean his
willan. Biscopas he ssette of heora biscop rice, and abbodas
of heora abb' rice, and j?segnas on cweartern. and set nextan
he ne sparode his agenne bro^or Odo het. he wses swrSe
rice b* on Normandig'. on Baius wses his b' stol. and wses
manna fyrmest to eacan j?a cynge. And he hsefde eorl
do on Engle lande. and J?onne se cyng on Normandige.
222 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1086) J?onne waes he msegest' on J?isum lande. and Line he saette
on cweartern. Betwyx oftru J?mgu nis na to forgytane "p
gode frrS f>e he macode on Jrisan lande. swa ^ n man j?e
him sylf aht wsere. mihte faran ofer his rice mid his bosum
full goldes un gederad. and nan man ne dorste slean ofterne
man. naefde he naefre swa mycel yfel gedon wiiS )?one oiSerne.
And gif hwilc carl man hsemde wrS wimman hire mrSances.
sona he for leas ]?a limu J>e he mid pleagode.
He rixade ofer Englseland. and hit mid his geapscipe swa
J?urh smeade. j? nses a"n hid landes innan Englse lande. ^ he
nyste hwa heo hsefde. o&Se hwaes heo wur$ waes. and sy&San
on his gewrit gessett. Brytland him waes on gewealde. and
he J?aer inne casteles gewrohte. and )?et Mann cynn mid ealle
gewealde. swilce eac Scotland he hi under J?sedde. for his
mycele streng)?e. Norrnandige p land wees his gecynde. and
ofer J?one eorldo ]?e Mans is gehaten he rixade. and gif
he moste ]?a gyt twa gear libban. he hsefde Yrlande mid his
werscipe gewunnon. and wrSutan selcon wsepnon. Witodlice
on his timan hsefdon men mycel geswiric. and swrSe manige
teonan. castelas he let wyrcean. and earme men swrSe
swencean. Se cyng wses swa swiSe stearc. and bena of his
under )?eoddan man. manig marc goldes. and md hundred
punda seolfres. Det he na be rihte. and mid mycelan tin
rihte of his leode- for littelre neode. he waes on gitsunge
befeallan. and graedinsesse he lufode mid ealle. he saette
mycel deor fri^- and he leegde laga ]?8er wr<5. ^ swa hwa swa
sloge heort oftfte hinde* ^ hine man sceolde blendian. he
for bead J?a heortas- swylce eac J?a baras. swa swi^e he lufode
j>a headedr- swilce he wsere heora feeder, eac he saette be
)?a haran- j? hi mosten freo faran. his rice men hit msendon.
and j?a earme men hit becedrodan. ac he swa sti^* "p he ne
rohte heora eallra ni^S. ac hi moston mid ealle
]?es cynges wille folgian
gif hi woldon libban- o&Se land habban-
land oiS^e eahta- o^e wel his sehta-
Wala wa' ^ aenig man sceolde modigan swa*
hine sylf uppaheb ban' and ofer ealle men tellan.
Se a3lmihtiga God cy)>3e his saule mild heortnisse-
and do hi his synna for gifenesse.
Das ]?ing we habbaiS be hi gcwritene. aegiSer ge gode ge
THE LAUD MS. (E)
yfele. )? J?a godan men niman eeft' j?eora godnesse. and for (A. D. 1086)
leon mid ealle yfelnesse. and gan on ftone weg. J?e us lett to
heofonan rice.
Fela Jnnga we magon writan J>e on $am ilcan geare ge-
wordene weeron. Swa hit wees on Den mearcan. ^ ]?a
Daenescan ]?e wees eerur geteald eallra folca getreowast.
wurdon awende to ]?sere meste untriw^e. and to )?a msesten
swicddme j?e sefre mihte gewurSan. Hi gecuron and abugan
to Cnute cynge. and hi a^as sworon. and sy$$an hine earh-
lice ofslogon innan aure cyrcean. Eac wearS on Ispanie
^ J?a hseftenan men foran and hergodan uppon* J?a Xpenan
manuan. and mycel abegdan to heora anwealde. Ac se
Xpena cyng Anphos wees gehaten he sende ofer call into
eelcan lande. and gyrnde fultumes. and hi co to fultu of selcen
lande J?e Xpen wses. and ferdon and ofslogon and aweg adrifan
eall J>et hseftena folc. and gewunnon heora land ongean. J?urh
Godes fultum.
Eac on ]?isan ilcan lande on J?a ilcan geare. forS ferdon *
mane^a rice men. Stigand b^ of Ciceastre. and se abb' of see
Augustine, and se abb' of Bafton. and J?e of Perscoran. and
]?a heora eallra hlaford Willelm Englselandes cyng. J>e we ser
beforan embe spsecon. ^Efter his dea^e his sune. WilTm
hset eallswa ]?e feeder, feng to |?a rice and wearS gebletsod
to cynge fra Landfrance arceb^ on Westmynstre. J>reo
dagum ser Michaeles msesse dseg. and ealle ]?a men on
Engla lande hi to abugon. and him aiSas sworon. Disti ]?us
gedone. se cyng ferde to Win ceastre. and sceawode ty madme
hus. and J?a gersuman Je his feeder ser gegaderode. |?a wseron
un asecgendlice senie men hu mycel ]?33r waes gegaderod. on
golde and on seolfre. and on faton. and on wsellan. and on
gimman. and on manige oiSre deorwurSe )?ingon. )?e earfoiSe
sindon to ateallene. Se cyng dyde j?a swa his feeder him
bebead ser he dead weere. dselde J>a gersuman for his feeder
saule. to eelcen mynstre }?e wes innan Engle lande to suman
mynstre x marc goldes. to suman vi and to eelcen cyrcean
uppeland Ix peen. and into eelcere scire man seonde hundred
punda feos. to dselanne earme mannan for his saule. And ser
he forSferde he bead ty man sceolde unlesan ealle J>a menn
]?e on hseftnunge wseron under his anwealde. and se cyng waes
on $am midewintre on Lundene.
THE LAUD MS. (E)
1087. On J7isu geare wses |?is land swiiSe astirad. and mid
mycele swicdome afylled. swa p J?a riceste Frencisce men J?e
weron innan J?isan lande. wolden swican heora hlaforde ]?a
cynge. and woldon habban his broker to cynge Rodbeard )?e
waes eorl on Normandige. On )?isu rsede wses aerest Oda
b'. and GosfrrS b'. and Will'm V on Dtinholme. Swa wsell
dyde se cyng be J>a b'. j? eall Englaland fserde seft' his
rsede. and swa swa he wolde. and he J?ohte to donne be him
eall swa ludas Scarioth dyde be ure Drihtene. And Rogere
eorl wses eac set J?a un rsede. arid swrSe mycel folc mid
heo ealle Frencisce men. and J?ses unrsed wserS gersed innan
J?a lengtene. Sona swa hit co to J?a Eastron. J>a ferdou hi
and hergodon and bserndon and aweston )?ses cynges feorme
hames. and eallra fsera manna land hi for dydon ]?e wseron
innan J>ses cynges holdscipe. and heora selc ferde to his
castele. and J?one mannoden and metsoden swa hig betst
mihton. GosfrrS b' and Rodbeard amundbrseg ferdon to
Bricgstowe and hergodon and brohton to J;a castele j>a
hergunge. and sy^on foron ut of iSam castele and her-
godon Ba^on. and eall -p land J?ser abutan. and eall Beorclea
hyrnesse hi awseston. And |?a men )?e yldest wseron of Here
forde. and eall )?eo scir foriS mid. and ]?a men of Scrob scyre
mid mycele folce of Bryt lande comon and hergodon and
bserndon on WrSre ceastre scire forS -p hi comon to ]?a porte
sylfan. And woldon ]?a ftsene port bsernen. and ^ mynster
reafian. and J?a3S cynges castel gewinnan heo to handa. Das
J?ing geseonde se arwurSa b' Wlstan. wear^ swi^Se gedrefed
on his mode. for'Sig him wses betseht )?e castel to healdene.
J?eahhwe3er his hired men ferdon ut mid feawe mannan of
J?a castele. and )?urh Godes mildheortnisse and jmrk ]?8es b's
geearnunga ofslogon and gelsehton fif hundred manna, and
)?a o^re ealle aflymdon. Se b^ of Dun holme dyde to hearme
^ he mihte ofer eall be norSan. Roger het an of heo: se
hleop into J?a castele set NorSwic. and dyde git eallra wserst
ofer eall -p land. Hugo eac an ]?e hit ne gebette nan
jnng. ne innan Lsegre ceastre scire. ne innan Norfthatune.
Be b' Odo ]?e J?as cyng of awocan ferde into Cent to his
eorldome. and for dyde hit swyfte. and J?ses cynges land, and
]?3es arceb's mid ealle aweston, and brohte eall -p god into his
castele on Hrof'e ceastre.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 225
Da ]?e cyng under geat ealle J>as )?ing. and hwilcne swicdo (A.D. 1087)
hi dydon toweard his. J?a wearS he on his mode swiiSe ge-
drefed. sende J?a sefter Englisce mannan. and heo fore ssede
his neode. and gyrnde heora fultumes. and behet heom
J?a betsta laga J?a sefre ser wses on J>isan lande. and selc un
rihtgeold he for bead, and geatte mannan heora wudas. and
slsetinge. ac hit ne stod nane hwile. Ac Englisce men swa
J?eah fengon to ]?a cynge heora hlaforde on fultume. ferdon
J?a toweard Hrofe ceastre. and woldon f>one b' Odan begytan.
J?ohtan gif hi haefdon hine )?e wees serur heafod to $am un
raede. p hi mihton ]?e bet begytan ealla )?a oftre. hi comon
J?a to ]?a castele to Tonebricge. J>a wseron innan J?a castele
Odab's cnihtas. and oiSre manige ]?e hine healdon woldan
ongean Ipon cyng. ac ]?a Englisce men ferdon and to
brsecon j?one castel. and J>a men J>e )?8er inne wseron. gri^-
odon wr$ )?one cyng. Se cyng mid his here ferde toweard
Hrofe ceastre. and wendon 'p se b' wsere J>3er inne. ac hit
wearS J?am cynge cu$ |?et se b' wses afaren to ^Sam castele
Apefenesea. and se cyng mid his here ferde seft\ and bessett
J?on castel abutan. mid swrSe mycele here fulle six wucan.
Betwyx J?issu se eorl of Normandige Eodbeard J>es cynges
broker gaderode swi^e mycel folc. and ]?ohte to gewinnane
Engleland mid J>sera manna fultume J?e wseron innan ]?isan
lande ongean ]?on cyng. and he sende of his mannan to J?isu
lande. and wolde cuman himsylf seft\ Ac }?a Englisce men
J?e wserdedon ]?9ere sse. gel?ehton of J?a raannon. and slogon.
and adrengton ma }?onn senig man wiste to tellanne.
SyiS^an heo ateorede mete wrSinnan J>a castele. $a
gyrndon hi gri'Sas. and agefan hine J>a cynge. and se b j
swor -p he wolde lit of Engle lande faran. and na mare
cuman on ftisan lande butan se cyrig hi seft' sende. and ^
he wolde agifan )?on castel on Hrofe ceastre. Ealswa se b'
ferde and sceolde agifan J>on castel. and se cyng sende his
men mid hi. i$a arisan J?a men |?e wseron innan J?a castele.
and namon ]?one b' and J?es cynges men. and dydon hi on
hseftnunge. Innan J>a castele waeron swi^e gode cnihtas.
Eustati ? J?e iunga. and Rogeres eorles ]?reo sunan. and ealle
]?a betst boren men. ]?e w^eron innan )?isan lande. o^^e on
Normandige.
Da se cyng under geat J?as Jang. )?a ferde he geft'
Gg
THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A. D. 1087) mid }>a here ]?e he Saer hsefde. and sende ofer eall Engla
lande. and bead ^ selc man j?e wsere un nifting sceolde
euman to hi. Frencisce and Englisce. of porte and of uppe
laiide. Hi co J>a mycel folc to. and he for Hrofe ceastre.
and bessett J?one castel. o&Set hi griiSedon j?e )?ser inne
waeron. and ]?one castel ageafon. Se b j Odo mid ]?a mannu
J>e innan J?a castele wseron ofer sse ferdon. and se V swa for
let ]?one wurSscipe )?e he on )>is land hsefde. Se cyng syftftan
sende here to Dun holme, and let besittan J?one castel. and se
b' griftode and ageaf )?one castel. and for let his biscop rice,
and ferde to Normandig'. Eac manige Frencisce men for
leton heora land, and ferdon ofer see. and se cyng geaf heora
land j?a mannu J?e him holde wseron.
1089. On ]?isum geare se arwurSa muneca feder and frouer
Landf'ranc arcb' gewat of ]?issu life, ac we hopiaft "p he ferde
to "p heofanlice rice. Swilce eac gewarS ofer eall Engleland
mycel eor^ styrunge. on ]?one daeg iii idus Aug'. and wses
swi^e Isetsum gear on corne. and on selces cynnes wsestmum.
swa *}? manig men rsepon heora corn onbutan Martines mses-
san. and gyt lator.
1090. INDICTIONE xui. Dissu fus gedon. eall swa wse ser
abufan ssedan be )?a cynge. and be his broker, and be his
mannon. se cyng wses smsegende hu he mihte wrecon his
broker Rodbeard swi^ost swencean. and Normandige of him
gewinnan. Deah ]?urh his geapscipe. o$$e J?urh gsersuma he
begeat ]?one castel set see Waleri. and |;a haefenan. and swa
he begeat ]?one set Albemare. and J>ar inne he sette his
cnihtas. and hi dydon hearmes uppon )?a lande on hergunge
and on bsernete. ./Eft' ]?isu he begeat ma castelas innan J?a
lande. and )?8er inne his rideras gelogode.
Se eorl of Normandige R J sy&San he under geat ^ his
gesworene men him trucedon. and agefon hera castelas him
to hearme. j?a sende he to his hlaforde Philippe Francena
cynge. and he co to Normandig' mid mycelan here, and se
cyng and se eorl mid ormsetre fyrde besseton J>on castel
abuton. J?ser J?ses cynges men of Engle land inne wseron. Se
cyng Willelm of Engla lande sende to Philippe Francena
cynge. and he for his lufan ofrSe for his mycele gersuma for
let swa his man J>ofi eorl Rodbeard and his land, and ferde
ongean to France and let heo swa weorftan. And betwyx
THE LAUD MS. ,(E) 227
Jnsum );ingu J?is land wees swifte for don. on unlagagelde. and
on oft re manige ungelimpe.
1091. On J?isu geare se cyng WilFm heold his hired to
Xpesmessan on Wsest mynstre. and J>aer sefV to Candel
maessan he ferde for his browser unj?earfe ut of Englalande
into Normandige. Onmang j?a J>e he )?ser wses. heora sehte
to gsedere eode. on ty gerad )? se eorl hi to handan let
Uescam. and J?one eorldo a3t Ou. and Kiaeres burh. and
j?ser to eacan J?es cynges men sac leas beon moston on ]?a
castelan. )?e hi ser )?es eorles un]?ances begiten haefdon. And
se cyng hi ongean J?a Manige behet. J?e aer heora fgeder
gewann and )?a fra J?a eorle gebogen waes. gebygle to
donne. and call ty his feeder J?aer begeondan hsefde. butan
J?a ]?e he J>a cynge J?a geunnen heefde. And "p ealle J?a ]?e on
Englelande for ]?a eorle asror heora land forluron. hit on
|?isum sehte habbaii sceoldan. and se eorl on Englelande eall
swa mycel swa on heora forewarde wses. And gif se eorl forS
ferde butan sunu be rihtre sewe. wsere se cyng yrfe numa of
eallon Normandig. be J?isre sylfan forewarde gif se cyng
swulte. wsere se eorl yrfe numa ealles Englalandes. Das
forewarde gesworan xii J?a betste of j?es cynges healfe. and
xii of |?es eorles. J>eah hit syftftan litle hwile stode.
On mang ]?isa saehte wearft Eadgar Deling belandod. of
J?a }?e se eorl him seror )?8er to handa gelseten hsefde. and ut
of Normandig for to ]?a cynge his aftume to Scotlande. and
to his swustor.
On mang )?a j?e se cyng W. ut of Engle lande wses. ferde
se cyng Melcolm of Scotlande hider into Englu. and his
mycelne dael oferhergode. oft ^ J>a gode ma3n )?e J?is land
bewiston. hi fyrde ongean ssendon. and hine gecyrdon. Da
)?a se cyng W. into Normandige Jns gehyrde. ]?a gearcode
he his fare, and to Englelande co. and his brofter se eorl
Rodbeard mid hi. and sona fyrde het ut abeodan. segfter
scip fyrde and land fyrde. ac seo scip fyrde ser he to Scotlande
cuman mihte. selmsest earmlice forfdr. feowan dagon toforan
see Micha^les mjessan. And se cyng and his brofter mid
]?sere land fyrde ferdon. ac J?a ft a se cyng Melcolm gehyrde
^ hine man mid fyrde secean wolde. he for mid his fyrde ut
of Scotlande into Loftene on Englaland and J?ser abad. Da
J?a se cyng W. mid his fyrde genealehte. )?a ferdon betwux
Gg2
228 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1091) Rodbeard eorl and Eadgar seeling and J?8era cinga sehte swa
gemacedon. *p se cyng Melcolm to uran cynge co. and his
man wearft to eallswilcre gehyrsunisse swa he ser his fseder
dyde. and -p mid afte gefestnode. and se cyng W. him behet
on lande and on ealle finge ]?ses j?e he under his fseder ser
hsefde.
On jrisu. sehte weariS eac Eadgar ej?eling wr3 }>one cyng
gessehtlad. and J?a cyngas )?a mid mycclu sehte tohwurfon.
ac j? litle hwile stod. And se eorl Rodbeard her oi$ Xpes
meesse forneah mid J?a cynge wimode. and litel softes J?ser
on mang- of heora forewarde onfand. and twa dagon ser
J?sere tide on Wiht scipode. and into Normandig for. and
Eadgar seeding mid him.
1092. On J?isu geare se cyng W. mid mycelre fyrde ferde
noriS to ] Cardeol. and J>a burh gese^sta]?elede. and ]?one castel
arerde. and Dolfin utadraf J?e seror ]?3er )?es landes weold.
and J?on castel mid his mannan gesette. and sy&San hider
su'S gewsende. and mycele msenige 2 Eyrlisces folces mid
wifan and mid orfe J?yder ssende. J?ser to wunigenne ^ land
to tilianne.
1093. On )?isu geare to )?a laengtene wariS se cyng W.
on Gleawe ceastre to )?a swi^e geseclod. -p he waes ofer call
dead gekyd. And on his broke he Gode fela behsesa behet.
his agen lif on riht to Isedene. and Godes cyrcean griiSian
and frrSian. and nsefre ma eft wi^ feo gesyllan. and ealle
rihte lage on his J>eode to habbene. and -p arceb'rice on
Cant war by rig )?e aer on his agenre hand stod. Anselme be-
tsehte. se wses ser abb' on Bsec. and Rodbeard his cancelere
p biscoprice on Lincolne. and to manegan mynstren land
geufte. ac ^ he syftftan astbraBd. )?a hi gebotad wses. and ealle
}>a gode laga forlset. )?e he us ser behet.
Da seft' Jnsson sende cyng of Scotlande. and j?sere fore-
warde gyrnde j?e hi behaten wses. and se cing W. him steof-
node to Glowe ceastre. and hi to Scotlande gislas sende. and
Eadgar 8e]?eling a^ft'. and J?a men syiSiSan ougean. ]?e hine
mid mycclon wuriSscipe to ]?a cynge brohtan. Ac J?a ^a he
to )>a cynge co. ne mihte he beon weoriSe na^er ne ure
cynges spa3ce. ne )?aera forewarde ]?e hi ser behatene wseron.
and forjn hi J?a mid mycelon un sehte tohwurfon. and se
l Carleol : Gibson's correction. 2 Englisces : Gibson's correction.
THE LAUD MS. (E)
cyng Melcolra ha to Scotlande gewaende. Ac hrafte J?ses J>e (A. D. 1093)
he ha com. he his fyrde gegaderode. and into Englelande
hergende mid maran unraede ferde f>one hi abehofode. and
hine J?a Rodbeard se eorl of NorS hymbran mid his mannan
unwseres besyrede and of sloh. Hine sloh Morsel of Bsebba-
burh. se wses J?ses eorles stiward. and Melcolmes cynges god
sib. Mid hi wses eac Eadward his sune of slagen. se seft' hi
cyng beon sceolde. gif he hit gelifode. Da j?a seo gode cwen
Margarita ]?is gehyrde. hyre J?a leofstan hlaford and sunu Jms
beswikene. heo wearS oiS deaft on mode geancsumed. and
mid hire prestan to cyrcean code, and hire gerihtan under
feng. and set Gode absed. f heo hire gast ageaf. And j?a
Scottas J?a Dufenal to cynge gecuron Melcolmes broker, and
ealle J?a Englisce utadrsefdon. J?e ser mid }?a cynge Melcolme
wa3ron. Da ]?a Dunecan Melcolmes cynges sunu J?is call
gehyrde J?us gefaren. se on J?ses cynges hyrede W. wses. swa
swa his fseder hine ures cynges feeder ser to gisle geseald
hsefde. and her swa sy&San belaf. he to J?a cynge co. and
swilce getrywfta dyde. swa se cyng set him habban wolde.
and swa mid his unne to Scotlande for. mid J?a fultume ]?e
he begytan mihte Engliscra and Frenciscra. and his msege
Dufenal J?es rices bena. and to cynge weariS under fangen.
Ac J?a Scottas hi eft sume gegaderoden. and forneah ealle
his msenu of slogan, and he sylf mid feawu setbserst. Sy^^an
hi wurdon sehte. on )?a gerdd ^ he nsefre eft Englisce ne
Frencisce into )?am lande ne gelogige.
1094. Her lisefde se cyng W. to Cristes msessan his hired
set Gleawe ceastre. and him ]?ider fram his broker Rodbearde
of Normandig bodan com an. J?a cyddon ty his broker gri^
and forewarde call seft'cwseiS. butan se cyng gelsestan wolde
call J?et hi on forewarde hzefdon ser gewroht. and uppon j?
hine forsw^orenne and trywleasne clypode. buton he }?a fore-
warda geheolde. o^iSe J?ider ferde and hine f>ser betealde j?ser
seo forewarde ser wa3s gewroht and eac gesworen.
Da ferde se cyng to Haestingan to j?a Candel msessan. and
on mang )?a J?e he )>ser wederes abad. he let halgian -p mynster
set J?sere Bataille. And Herbearde Losange j?a b 7 of peot
fordan his stsef bena. and ]?ser seft' to mid lengtene ofer sse
for into Normandige. Sy^an he }?ider co. he and his broker
Rodbeard se eorl gecwseftan. f hi mid grii5e togsedere cuman
230 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. io94)sceoldan. and swa dydon. and gesemede beon ne mihtan.
Syftftan eft hi togsedere coman mid J?a ilcan mannan )?e ser
p loc makedon. and eac J?a aftas sworen. and ealne J>on bryce
uppon ]?one cyng tealdon. ac he nolde J?ses ge)?afa beon. ne
eac J?a forewarde healdan. and forjm hi )?a mid mycelon un-
sehte tocyrdon.
And se cyng syftftan J?on castel set Bures gewann. and J>es
eorles men J?ser inne gena. j?a sume hyder to lande sende.
Dser togeanes se eorl mid ]?es cynges fultume of France ge-
wa"nn j>one castel a3t Argentses. and ]?ear inne Rogger Peiteuin
gena. and seofen hundred J?es cynges cnihta mid hi. and syft-
ftan J?on aet Htilme. and oftrredlice heora eegfter uppon ofterne
tunas bsernde and eac menne Isehte.
Da sende cyng hider to lande. and het abeodan ut xx
J?usenda Engliscra manna him to fultume to Normandig. ac
J?a hi to sse coman. pa het hi man cyrran. and )) feoh syllan
to J?8es cynges behofe }?e hi genumen hsefdon. J?et WEBS selc
man healf punda. and hi swa dydon.
And se eorl innon Normandig reft' ]?ison mid J?a cynge of
France and mid eallon J?an ]?e hi gegaderian mihton ferdon
towardes Ou J?a3r se cyng W. inne wses. and )?ohtan hiiie inne
to besittanne. and swa foran oft hi coman to Lunge uile. Daer
wearS se cyng of France J>urh gesmeah gecyrred. and swa
syftiSan eal seo fyrding tohwearf. Her on mang Jrison se
cyng W. sende sefter his brofter Heanrige. se wees on )?a
castele set Damfront. ac forj>i J?e he mid frifte J>urh Norman-
dig faran ne mihte. he hi sende scipon softer, and Hugo eorl
of Ceastre. Ac J?a fta hi towardes Ou faran sceoldan paer
se cyng wses. hi foran to Engle lande. and up coman set
Hamtune on ealra halgena msessesefne. and her syftfton
wunedon. and to Xpes msessan wseron on Lunden.
Eac on J?isu ylcan geare J?a Wylisce menu hi gegaderodon.
Rnd wift J?a Frencisce |?e on Walon. oftfte on pa3re neawiste
wseron and hi ser belandedon. gewinn up ahofon. and manige
festena and castelas abrsecon. and men ofslogon. and syftftan
heora gefylce weox. hi hi on ma to dseldon. WiiS sum J?a3ra
dsele gefeaht Hugo eorl of Scrobscire and hi aflymde. Ac
]?eah hwefter ]?a oft re ealles J>jcs geares nanes yfeles ne ge-
swicon ]?e hi d<5n mihton.
Discs geares eac J?a Scottas heora cyng Dunecan besyredon
THE LAUD MS. (E) 231
and of slogan, and heo sy$$an eft o^re syfte his fsederan
Dufenal to cynge genamon. )?urh ]?es lare and to tihtinge he
wearS to deafte beswicen.
1095. On J?isu geare waes se cyng Will'm to Xpes msessan
]?a feower fore warde dagas on Hwitsand. and sefter ]?a feorSan
dsege hider to lande f6r. and upp com set Doferan. And
Heanrig j?es cynges broker her on lande oft lengten wunode.
and J?a ofer sse for to Normandig mid mycclon gersuman. on
J?3es cynges heldan uppon heora broSer Rodbeard eorl. and
gelomlice uppon J?one eorl wann. and him mycelne hearm
segfter on lande and on mannan dyde.
And J>a to Eastran heold se cyng his hired on Win ceastre.
and se eorl Rod beard of NorS hymbran nolde to hirede cu-
man. and se cyng forSan wearS wift hine swifte astyrod. and
hi to ssende and heardlice bead gif he griftes weorfte beon
wolde. ^ he to Pentecosten to hired come. On j?isu geare
waeron Eastron on viii k' Apr', and J>a uppon Eastron on see
Ambrosius msesseniht. ^ is ii no Apr' wses gesewen forneah
ofer eall )?is land swilce forneah ealle J?a niht swrSe maani
fealdlice steorran of heofenan feollan. naht be anan o33e
twam. ac swa ]?iclice ^ hit nan mann ateallan ne mihte. Her
seft' to Pentecosten wses se cyng on Windlesoran. and eall
his witan mid hi. butan j?a eorle of Nor$ hymbran. forj?a se
cyng him na]?er nolde ne gislas syllan. ne uppon tryw^an
geunnon ^ he mid gri^e cumon moste and faran.
And se cyng for|?i his fyrde bead, and uppon J?on eorl to
NorS hymbran for. and sona J?es }?e he J?ider co. he manege
and for neah ealle J?a betste of ]?es eorles hirede innan anan
fsestene gewann. and on hseftene gedyde. And J?on castel set
Tine muftan besset o^^et he hine gewann. and ]?ses eorles
broker J?ser inne and ealle J?a J?e hi mid wa3ron. and syftftan
ferde to Bebbaburh. and ]?on eorl J?ser inne besset. Ac J?a iSa
se cyng geseah ty he hine gewinnan ne mihte. J?a het he
makiaii senne castel toforan Bebbaburh. and hine on his
spsece Malueisin het. $ is on Englisc yfel nehhebur. and
hine swifte mid his mannan gesa3tte. and sy$3an su^ weard for.
Da sona seft' )?am )?e se cyng wses su$ afaren. feorde se eorl
anre nihte ut of Bebbaburh towardes Tine muftan. ac J?a J?e
innan J?am niwan castele waeron. his gewser wurdon. and him
seft ; foran and onfuhton, and hine gewundedon. and sy&San
THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. io95)gelaehton. and j>a j?e mid hi waeron sume of slogan, sume lifes
gefengon.
On mang ]?ison wearft J?a cynge cu$. ^ J?a Wylisce men
on Wealon sumne castel heafdon to broken Muntgumni
hatte. and Hugon eorles menn ofslagene j?e hine healdon
sceoldan. and he forj?i oftre fyrde het fearlice abannan. and
eeft' see Michaeles msesse into Wealan ferde. and his fyrde
to scyfte. and *)? land call J?urh for. swa ty seo fyrde call to-
gaedere co to ealra halgena to Snawdune. Ac )?a Wylisce a
toforan into muntan and moran ferdan j? heo man to cuman
ne mihte. and se cyng ]?a haweard gewende forj?a he geseah *p
he ]?aer ]?es wintres mare don ne mihte.
Da j>a se cyng ongean co. j?a het he niman )?on eorl
Rotbeard of NorShymbran and to Baebbaburh laedan. and
segSer cage ut adon. buton J>a )?e j?ser inne waeron ]?on castel
agyfan woldan. Hine heoldan his wif. and Moreal se wses
stiward and eac his maeg. Durh |?is wear^ se castel )?a
agyfen. and Moreal weariS ]?a on )?es cynges hirede. and Jwrh
hine wurdon manege aeg^er ge gehadode and eac kewede
geypte. |?e mid heora raede on ]?es cynges unheldan waaron.
)?a se cyng sume ser )?8ere tide het on hseftnefte gebringan.
and sy&San swiiSe gemahlice ofer call )?is land beodan. ^
ealle ]?a ]?e of J>a cynge land heoldan. call swa hi frrSes
weoriSe beon woldari. p hi on hirede to tide waeron. and j?one
eorl Rotbert het se cyng to Windlesoran laedan. and J?aer
innan ]?a castele healdan.
Eac on jns ylcan geare togeanes Eastron c5 J?aes Papan
sande hider to lande. -p waes Waltear bisceop swrSe god lifes
man of Albin J>aere ceastre. and J?a arce b' Ansealme uppon
Pentecosten of J?aes Papan healfe Urban^ his palliu geaf. and
he hine under feng aet his arce stole on Cantwarabyrig. And
se biscop Waltear her on lande J?aes geares sy&San lange
wunode. and man srSSan -p Rom gesceot be hi sende. swa
man manegan gearan aeror ne dyde.
Discs ylcan eac geares waeron swrSe un tid gewidera. and
for)?i geond call ]?is land wurdon eor^waestmas call to
medemlice gewende.
1096. On ]?ison geare heold se cyng Will'm his hired to
Xpes m3ssan on Windlesoran. and WilFm bisc of Dunholmc
J?aer forS ferde to geares daege. and on Octab' Epiphan' waes
THE LAUD MS. (E) 235
se cyng and ealle his witan on Searbyrig. pser beteah (A.D. 1096)
Gosfrei Bainard Will'm of Ou j>es cynges mseg "p he heafde
gebeon on J?es cynges swicdome. and hit hi ongefeaht. and
hine on orreste oferco. and sy$$an he ofercumen wses. hi
het se cyng ]?a eagan ut adon. and syj?$an belisnian. and his
stiward WilFm hatte. se wses his modrian sunu. het se cyng
on rode ahon. Dser wearS eac Eoda eorl of Capaine J?ses
cynges aftum and manege oSre belende. and sumne man to
Lundene Isedde. and J?ser spilde.
Discs geares eac to J?a Eastran wearS swrSe mycel styrung
geond ealle )?as J>eode and fela o$ra )?eodan J>urh Urban' se
wses Papa gehaten J?eah J?e he J?ses setles naming nsefde on
.Rome, and ferde un arimedlice folc mid wifan and cildan to
Jri -p hi uppon hseftene ]?eodan winnan woldan. Durh J?as
fare wearS se cyng and his bro$or Rodbeard eorl sehte. swa
^ se cyng ofer sse for. and call Normandig set hi mid feo
alisde. swa swa hi Jm sehte wseron. And se eorl syftftaii
ferde. and mid hi se eorl of Flandran. and se of Bunan. and
eac manige o$re heafodmen. and se eorl Rodbeard and ]?a
J?e mid him ferdon j?on winter on Puille wunedon. Ac )?es
folces j?e be Hungrie for. fela jmsenda ]?83r and be wsege
earmlice forforan. and fela hreowlice and hunger bitene on-
gean winter ha tugon.
Dis wa3s swrSe hefigtyme gear geond call Angel cyn. segfter
ge J>urh maanigfealde gylda. and eac J>urh swi^e hefigtymne
hunger. |?e ]?isne card ]?8es geares swi^e gedrehte.
Eac on Jnson geare ]?a heafodmen J>e J?is land heoldan
oft rsedlice fyrde into Wealon sendon. and maenig man mid
]?a swiiSe gedrehtan. ac man J?83r ne gespsedde. butan man
myrringe. and feoh spillinge.
1097. Her on J?ison geare weas se cyng Willelm to Xpes
maessaii on Normandig. and J>a togeaiies Eastron hider to
lande for. for]?a he J>ohte his hired on Win ceastre to heald-
enne. ac he wearS )?urh weder gelet. o^^et Eastre aefen ^ he
up co eerost set Arundel. and forj>i his hired set Windlesoran
heold.
And f>ser seft' mid mycclu here into Wealon ferde. and ^
land swrSe mid his fyrde ]?urh for. ]?urh sume )?a Wyliscean
Ipe hi to wseron cumen and his Ised teowas wseron. and J?ser
inne wunode fra middesumeran forneah o^ August, and myccl
H h
234 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1097) J?ser inne for leas on mannan and on horsan. and eac on
manegan oftran Jnngan. Da Wylisce men sy&Son hi fra )?a
cynge gebugon. heo manege ealdras of heo sylfan gecuron.
sum J?sera wses Caduugaun gehaten )?e heora weorSast wses.
se wses Griffines broker sunu cynges. Ac ]?a i$a se cyng
geseah -p he nan }>ingc his willes J?ser geforiSian ne mihte. he
ongean into J?ison lande for. and hrafte sefter J?a. he be ]?a
gemseron castelas let gemakian.
Da uppon see MichaeF msessan iv non' Octobr'. setywde dn
selcuiS steorra on sefen scynende and sona to setle gangende.
He wses geseweii su'Sweast. and se leoma j?e hi of stod. wses
swrSe lang ge)?uht su^east scinende. and forneah ealle )?a
wucan on J>as wisan setywde. manige men leton "p hit
cometa wsere.
Sona seft' ]7yson. se arceb' Ansealm of Cant war byrig leafe
set J?a cynge na. )?eah hit ]>a cynge ungewill waere )?ses )?e men
leton. and ofer sse for. forj?a him ]mhte ^ man on fisne |?eodan
lytel sefter rihte and seft' his dyhte dyde.
And se cyng J>ser seft^ uppon see Martines msessan ofer see
into Normandig for. ac )?a hwile J?e he wederes abad. his
hired innon J?a sciran J?ser hi lagdn. )?on mseston hearin
dydon J?e sefre hired oft$e here innon fri^ lande don sceolde.
Dis wses on eallon J?ingan swi^e hefigtyme gear, and ofer
geswincfull. on ungewederan J?a man o^iSe tilian sceolde
oftfte eft til'Sa gegaderian. and on ungyldan J?a neafre ne
ablunnon. Eac manege sciran j?e mid weorce to Lundenne
belupon. wurdon J?serle gedrehte. J?urh ]?on weall ]>e hi
worhton onbutan j?on tur. and )?urh )?a brycge ]?e forneah
eall toflotan wses. and jmrh J?ses cynges h ealle geweorc J?e
man on Westmynstre worhte. and msenige man J?ser mid
gedrehte.
Eac on J?ysu ylcan geare sona uppon see Michaeles
msessan ferde Eadgar sej?eling mid fyrde )?urh fses cynges
fultu into Scot lande. and ]?et land mid stranglicu feohte
gewann. and ]?on cyng Dufenal lit adrsefde. and his mseg
Eadgar se wses Melcolmes sunu cynges and Margarite J?sere
cwenan he J?ser on J>ses cynges Willelmes heldan to cynge
gesette. and sy&San ongean into Engleland for.
1098. On j?ysum geare to Xpes msessan wass se cyng W.
on Normandig. And Walcelin b' on Win ceastre and Baldewine
THE LAUD MS. (K)
abb' on see ^Edmund innan )?sere tide bsegen forSferdan. (A. 0.1098)
And on J>isu geare eac Turold abb' of Burh forSferde.
Discs geares eac to j>an sumeran innan Barruc scire set
Finchastsede an mere blod weoll. swa swa manige trywe men
ssedan he bit geseon sceoldan.
And Hugo eorl weariS ofslagen innan Angles ege fra tit
wikingan. and his broker Rodbert wearS his yrfenuma. swa
swa he hit set J>a cynge of code.
Toforan see Michael' msessan setywde seo heofon swilce
heo forneah ealle )?a niht byrnende wsere. Dis wees swvSe
geswincfull gear J?urh manigfeald ungyld. and Jmrh mycele
renas J?e ealles geares ne ablunnon. forneah selc til$ on mersc
lande forferde.
1099. Her waes se cyng WilPm to midewintra on Nor-
mandig. and to Eastron hider to lande co. and to Pentecosten
forman sr5e his hired innan his niwan g'byttlan aat West
mynstre heold. and j?aer Rannulfe his capellane p biscoprice
on Dunholme geaf. ]?e aeror ealle his gemot ofer call Engle
land draf and bewiste. and sona J?8er8eft/ ofer sse for. and
J?on eorl Elias of J?aere Manige adraf. and hy syiSi5an on his
geweald gessette. and swa to see Michael' msessan eft hider
to lande co.
Discs geares eac on see Martin massse dseg. asprang up to
J?answr$e sse flod. and swa mycel to hearme gedyde. swa nan
man ne g'munet j? hit sefre seror dyde. and wses ftses ylcan
dseges luna p'ma.
And Osmund biscop of Searbyrig innon Aduent forSferde.
1100. On ]>ison geare se cyng W. heold his hired to Xpes
maessa on Gleaweceastre. and to Eastron on Winceastre. and
to Pentecost' on West mynstre.
And to J?a Pentecost' waes gesewen innan Barruc scire set
anan tune blod weallan of eor]?an. swa swa msenige saedan J>e
hit g'seon sceoldan. And J?ser a3ft' on morgen seft' hlamaesse
dsege wear^ se cyng Willelm on huntno^e fra his anan men
mid anre fla ofsceoten. and sy&San to Winceastre gebroht.
and on )?a biscoprice bebyrged. ty waBS J?ses ]?reotte^an geares
]?e he rice onfeng.
He wa3s swi^e strang and refte ofer his land and his msenn.
and wr3 ealle his neahheburas. and swrSe on drasdendlic. and
|?urh yfelra manna rsedas )?e hi sefre gecweme wseran. and
H h 2
236 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. noo)]?urh his agene gitsunga. he sefre fas leode mid here and mid
ungylde tyrwigende wses. forfan J?e on his dagan selc riht
afeoll. and selc unriht for Gode and for worulde uparas.
Godes cyrcean he nyiSerade. and J?a b'cop rices and abb' rices
]?e )?a ealdras on his dagan feollan. Ealle he hi o&Se wrS feo
gesealde. o$$e on his agenre hand heold. and to gafle gesette.
for]?an J>e he selces mannes gehadodes and Isewedes yrfenuma
beon wolde. and swa ^ j?ses daeges ]?e he gefeoll. he heafde
on his agenre hand -p arceVriee on Cantwarbyrig. and -p
bisceoprice on Winceast'. and ^ on Searbyrig. and xi abb'
rices, ealle to gafle gesette. And )?eah j?e ic hit Iseng ylde.
call j?et ]?e Gode wses laiS and rihtfull' mannan. eall f wses
gewunelic on Jusari lande on his tyman. and forj>i he wses for
neah ealre his leode laft. and Gode andssete. swa swa his sende
jetywde. for)>an J?e he on middewardan his unrihte buten
behreowsunge and selcere dsedbote gewat.
On j?sene punresdseg he wses ofslagen. and ]?ges on morgen
bebyrged. and syiSJ>an he bebyrged waes. ]?a witan ]?e ]?a neh
handa waeron. his broker Heanrig to cynge gecuran. and he
f>a)rrihte j) bisc'rice on Winceast' Will'me Giffarde geaf.
and siJ?J>an to Lundene for. and on )?an Sunnandsege )?8er seft'
to foran J?a weofode on West mynstre Gode and eallan folce
behet ealle J?a unriht to aleggenne J?e on his broiSer timan
wseran. and J?a betstan lage to healdene ]?e on seniges
cynges dsege to foran him stodan. And hine sy&San seft'
f>a se biscop of Lundene Maurici' to cynge gehalgode. and
hi ealle on j?eosan lande to abugan. and a$as sworan. and his
men wurdon.
And se cyng sona seft' ]?a be ]?8ere rsede J?e hi abutan
wseran. J>on biscop Rannulf of Dunholme let niman. and into
j?a ture on Lundene let gebringon. and J?ser healdan. Da to
foran see Michael' msessan co se arce biscop Ansealm of Cant
warbyr' hider to lande. swa swa se cyng Heanrig be his
witena raede hi aeft' sende. forfan J>e he waes lit of )?is lande
gefaren. for )?an mycelan unrihte )?e se cyng Wiirm him dyde.
And sr3]?an sona herseft' se cyng gena Mahalde hi to wife
Malcolmes cynges dohter of Scotlande. and Margareta )?8ere
goda cwsene Eadwardes cynges magan. and of ]mn rihtan
^Englalandes kynekynne. and on see Martines msessedaeg
heo wearS him mid mycelan weorSscipe forgifen on West
THE LAUD MS. (E) 237
mynstre. and se arcebisc' Ansealm hi hi bewseddade. and (A. D. i roo)
siiSiSan to cwene gehalgode. And se arceb' Thomas of
Eoferwic hersefV sona forSferde.
Deoses ylces geares eac innan haerfest co se eorl Rotbert
ham into Normandi. and se eorl RotVt of Flandr'. and Eu-
stati' eorl of Bunan fra lerusale. And sona swa se eorl R.
into Normandig com. he wearS fra eallan )?a folce bltyelice
under fangen. butan J?a castelan $e wseron g'ssette mid |?8es
cynges Heanriges manna, togeanes ]?an he manega gewealc
and gewinn heefde.
1101. Her on jnsu geare to Xpes msessan heold se cyng
Heanrig his hired on West mynstre. and to Eastran on
Win ceastre.
And )?a sona ]>ser softer wurdon J?a heafod men her on lande
wrSer rseden togeanes ]?a cynge. segfter ge for heoran agenan
mycelan ungetrywftan. and eac )?urh ]?on eorl Eodbert of
Normandig. J>e mid unfrrSe hider to lande fundode. And se
cyng syftftan scipa ut on sse sende his broker to dsere and to
Isettinge. ac hi sume seft set J?8ere iieode abru^on. and fra J?a
cyuge gecyrdon. and to ]?a eorle Rotb'te gebugan. Da to
middesumeran ferde se cyng lit to Pefenesa3 mid call his
fyrde togeanes his broker and his J?8er abad. Ac onmang
)^ison co se eorl Rotb't up a3t PortesmuiSan xii nihtan toforan
Hlafmaessan. and se cyng mid ealre his fyrde hi togeanes
co. Ac )?a heafod men heo betwenan foran. and J?a bro^ra
gesehtodan on J>a gerad. )?et se cyng for let call ^ he mid
streangfte innan Normandig togeanes )?a eorle heold. and f
ealle fa on Engle lande heora land ongean heafdoii. ]?e hit ser
]?urh )?one eorl forluron. and Eustaties eorl eac call his feeder
land her on lande. and }?et se eorl Rotb't selce geare sceolde
of Engla lande J?reo )?usend marc seolfres habban. and loc
hwefter j?aera gebroiSra o^erne oferbide. wasre yrfeweard
ealles Engla landes and eac Normandiges. buton se for$
farena yrfe numan heafde be rihtre sewe. and ]?is J?a mid a$e
gefestnodan xii J?a hihste of segftre healfe. And se eorl syiS-
^an o^ ^et ofer see Michael' msesse her on lande wunode. and
his men my eel to hearme sefre gedydon swa hi geferdon. J>a
hwile j>e se eorl her on lande wunode.
Discs geares eac se b' Rannulf to )?a Candel msessan lit of
J?a ture on Lunden nihtes oiSbserst )?8er he on h?pftne'Se wses.
238 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. noi)and to Normandige for. j?urh ]?es macunge msest and to-
spryttinge se eorl Rotb't J?ises geares Jns land mid unfriSe
g'sohte.
1102. On j?isu geare to Natiuite^ WSGS se cyng Heanrig on
Westmynstre. and to Eastron on Winceastre.
And sona J?aer seft' wurdon un sehte se cyng and se eorl
Rotb't of Bselsesme se hsefde J?on eorldo her on lande on
Scrobbes byrig )?e his fseder Roger eorl ser ahte. and micel
rice J?serto. segfter g' beheonon sse ge begeondon. And se
cyng ferde and besaet J?on castel set Arundel. ac J?a he hine
swa hrafte gewinnan ne mihte. he let J?ser toforan castelas
gemakian. and hi mid his mannan gesette. and sy&San mid
ealre his fyrde ferde to Brigge. and J?ser wunode oiSiSet he
]?one castel hsefde. and )?one eorl Rotbert belaende. and ealles
bensemde. f>es he on Engla lande hsefde. and se eorl swa ofer
sse gewa"t. and se fyrde sy3$an ha cyrde.
Da J?aer seft' to see Michael' msessan wses se cyng set Wsest
mynstre. and ealle ]?a hsefod men on ]?is lande g^hadode and
Isewede. and se arceb j Ansealm heold g'hadodra manna sinoiS.
and hi J?ser manega beboda setton ]?e to Xpendome belimpa*S.
and segfter manige Frencisce and Englisce J>ser heora stafas
and rice forluron. f>e hi mid unrihte begeaton. o$3e mid
woge )?seron lifedon.
And on ^isu ylcan geare on Pentecosten msessan wuce. J>a
coman J?eofas sum of Aluearnie. su of France, and su of
Flandres. and breokan j?a mynstre of Burh and ]?ser inne
naman mycel to gode on golde and on seolfre. J>et waeron
roden and calicen and candelsticcan.
1103. Her on ]?isu geare to midewintra wses se cyng Hean-
rig set West mynstre. And J?ser seft' sona ferde se b' Willelm
Giffard ut of }>is land. forj?an )?e he ongean riht nolde his
hades on fon set J?a arce b' Girarde of Eoferwic. And j?a to
j?an Eastran heold se cyng his hired on Win c'. And J?ser
seft' ferde se arce b' Ansealm of Cantwarbyrig to Rome, swa
swa hi and ]?a cynge gewearS.
Discs geares eac co se eorl Rotbert of Normandig to sprec-
ene wiiS |?one cyng her on lande. And ser he heonne ferde he
for geaf j>a )?reo Jmsend marc J?e hi seo cyng Heanrig be fore
weard eelce geare gifan sceolde.
On J?isum geare eac set Heamstede innan Barrucscire. wa3s
THE LAUD MS. (E)
gesewen blod of eorftan. Dis waes swrSe gedeorfsum gear (A. D. 1103)
her on lande. J?urh maenifealde gyld. and )mrh orfcwealm.
and waestma for weorj^enesse aegiSer ge on come and eac on
eallon treow wsestman. Eac on morgen uppon see Laurent'
ma?ssedseg gedyde se wind swa mycel to hearme lier on lande
on eallon wsestman. swa nan man ne gemunde J? aefre aenig
aer gedyde.
On ftisum ylcan geare Matliias abb' of Burh forSferde. se
ne lyfode na leng ]?a an geare. syftftan he abb' waes. Mft'
see Michael' maessan on xii k' Nov' he waes mid procession
under fangan to abb', and on 3a ylcan dsege j;es o^res geares
he wearS dead on Gleaw ceastre. and j?ser bebyrged.
1104. Her on J?isu geare to Xpes msessan heold se cyng
Heanrig his hired set Waest minstre. and to Eastron on Win
ceastre. and to Pentecosten eft on West mynstre.
Discs geares waes se forma Pentecostes daeg on no Jun'.
and on ]?am Tiwaesdaege )?aeraeft' setywdan feower circulas to
J?a mid dsege onbutan ]?sere sunnan hwites hiwes. selc under
o^ran gebroiden. swylce hi gemette wseron. Ealle J?e hit
g'sawon wundredon. forj?an hi nsefre aer swilce ne gemundon.
Heraeft' wurdon sehte se eorl Rotb't of Normandig. and
Rotb't de Baelesme f>e se cyng Heanri aeror belaend haefde
and of Engla lande adrifen. and |?urh heora sehte wurdon
wrSerraede se cyng of Englalande and se eorl of Normandig.
and se cyng his folc ofer sae into Normandig sende. and ]?a
heafod men ]?aer on lande hi underfengon. and on heora hlaf-
ordes J?aes eorles swicdome into heora castelan gelogodan.
J?anon hi manige gedrecednissa on hergunga and on bserninge
)?am eorle gedydon. Eac )?ises geares Willelm eorl of Moretoin
heonon of lande into Normandig for. ac syftiSan he afaren
wes. he wr3 )?one cyng g'worhte. for hwan hine se cyng ealles
benaemde. and belaende )?aes ]?e he her on lande haefde.
Nis eafte to asecgenne J>ises landes earm^a- \>e hit to }>ysan
timan dreogende waes* |?urh mistlice and maanig fealdlice un
riht and gyld- J?ae naefre ne geswican ne ne ateorodon. and
aefre ealswa se cyng for* ful hergung |?urh his hired uppon
his wreccea folc waes. and ]?ser on mang for oft baerneta and
man slihtas.
Eall ]?is waes God mid to gremienne.
and j?as arme leode mid to tregienne.
240 THE LAUD MS. (E)
1105. On fisu geare to NatiuiteS heold se cyng Heanrig
his hired set Windlesoran.
And f seraeft' to fa lengtene he for ofer sse into Normandig
uppon his broker Rotbert eorl. And onmang fa fe he faer
wunode he gewann of his broker Caf urn and Baius. and
msest ealle J?a castelas and fa heafod men faer on lande hi
wurdon under feodde. and se sy$$an to herfest eft ongean
hider to lande co. And ^ he on Normandig g'wunnen haafde.
syftftan on sibbe and hi gebygle wunode. butan fa fe fa
eorle WilPme of Mortoin ahwaer neah wunedon. fa he gelom-
lice gesweencte swa he swiiSost mihte. for his land lyre her on
lande. And fa toforan Xpes rnsessan co Rotb't de Baelesme
hider to lande to fa cynge.
Dis wses swrSe gedyrfsum gear her on lande f urh waestma
forwordenessa. and furh fa maenigfealde gyld fe naefre ne
gesvvican aer se cyng ofer fore, and fa hwile fe he faer waes.
and eft sySftan he ongean com.
1106. Her on fison geare waes se cyng Henrig to NatiuiteS
on West mynstre. and f aer his hired heold. and uppon f sere
tide Rotbert de Btelesme mid unsehte fra fa cynge lit of
fison lande into Normaudige for.
Da her seft' on foran Isengtene waes se cyng set NorS ha
tune, and se eorl Rotbert his broker of Normandig f yder to
hi co. and forf a se cyng hi nolde agifan -p fe he on Nor-
mandig' uppon hi genumen hsefde. hi mid unsehte tohwurfou.
and se eorl ferde ofer se sona eft ongean.
On fsere forman laengtenwucan on fon Frige daeg i. e. xiiii
k' Mr' on aefen aetywde n ungewunelic steorra. and lange
stunde faerseft' waes selce sefen gesewen hwile scinende. Se
steorra setywde innon ^ su^ west, he waes litel gef uht. and
deorc. ac se leoma fe hi fra stod waes swrSe beorht. and
swilce ormaete beam gef uht norSeast scinende. and Sune
aefen waes gesaewen swilce se beam ongean weardes wr$ fes
steorran ward fyrcliende waere. Gehwylce saedon -p hig ma
on fison timon un cuiSra steorra gesawon. ac we hit openlicor
ne awriton. forf a f e we hit sylfe ne sawon. On fa niht f e on
morgen waes CENA Dni. j? is se punres daeg toforan Eastran.
waeron gesewen twegeu monan on faere heofonan toforan
f am daege ofter be eastan. and se ofter be westan begen fulle.
and faes ylcan daeges waes se raona xiiii a .
THE LAUD MS. (E) 241
To Eastran wses se cyng set Ba$an. and to Pentecosten set (A.D. 1106)
Searbyrig. forj?a ]?e he nolde on his fundunge ofer sse hired
healdan. Bser setter toforan August ferde se cyng ofer sse
into Normandig. and ealle msest ]?e J?ser on lande wseron hi
on his willan to gebugon. wiftuton Rotb't de Bselesme. and
]>a eorle of Moretoin. and feawa oftre of ]?a heafodrnannan ]?e
mid J?a eorle of Normandige J?e gyt heoldan. and forjjan se
cyng syiSftan mid fyrde for. and besset J?ses eorles senne castel
of Moretoin Tenercebrai hatte. On mang )?, J>e se cyng )?on
castel besset. co se eorl RotVt of Normandig on see Michael'
msesse sefen uppon ]?one cyng mid his fyrde. and mid hi
RotVt de Bselesme. and Willelm eorl of Moretoin. and ealle
J?a |?e mid heo woldan. ac seo streong'Se and se sige wearS
]?ses cynges. Dser wearS se eorl of Normandig gefangen.
and se eorl of Moretoin. and RotVt de Stutteuile. and to
Engla lande sr&San gesende. and on hseftneSe gebrohte.
Rotb't de Beelesme |?ser wear^S aflymed. and Will'm Crispin
g'lseht. and manige for^mid. Eadgar se]?eling )?e litle ser fra
]?a cynge to J?a eorl wses gefaren )?ser wses eac gefangen. ]?one
let se cyng sy^aii sac leas faran. SyfrSan geeode se cyng
call -p on Normandige wa3s. and hit on his willan and ge-
weald gesette.
Dises geares eac wseron swrSe hefige and sinlice gewinn
betwux ]?a Casere of Sexlande and his sunu. and on mang
]?a g'winnan se fseder foriS ferde. and se sunu feng to J?am
rice.
1107. On j?isu geare to Xpes msessan waes se cyng Henri
on Normandig. and }? land on his gVeald dihte and sette.
and J?ser seft' to laengtene hider to lande co. and to Eastran
his hired on Windlesoran heold. and to Pentecosten on West
mynstre. And syftiSan eft to Augustes anginne on West myn-
stre wses. and J?ser J?a biscopricen and abbodric geaf and
sette. )?e on Engle lande oftSe on Normandige buton ealdre
and hyrde. Dera waeron swa fela swa nan man nses J?e ge-
mvnde p a3fre ger swa fela togaedere gyfene wseron.
And set ]?es ylcan sySe. on mang )?a o^re ]?e abV rices
under fengon. Ernulf )?e ser wses prior on Cant war byrig feng
to |?a abb' rice on Burh. Dis wses rihtlice ymbe vii gear fees
]?e se cyng Henri cynedomes on feng. and wses -p an and
fowertigeiSe gear ]?ses J?e Francan fyses landes wcoldan.
I i
THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A. D. 1107) manege ssedon J?et hi on ]>a monan ]?ises geares mistlice
tacna gesawon. and ongean cynde his leoman wexende and
waniende.
Discs geares forSferdon. Maurici' biscop on Lunden. and
Kotb't abb' on see Eadmundesbyrig. and Ricard abb' on Elig.
Dises geares eac foriS ferde se cyng Eadgar on Seotlande id'
JanV. and feng Alexander his broker to J?a rice swa se cyng
Henri hi geufte.
1108. Her on j?isu geare wes se cyng Henri to Natiuiteft
on West mynstre. and to Eastron on Win ceastre. and to
Pentec eft on West mynstre. and j^sersefV toforan Aug' he
ferde into Normandig.
And se cyng of France Philipp' for$ ferde non' Aug'. and
feng his sunu Loftewis to }>a rice, and wurdon syftiSon manege
gewinn betwux J?a cynge of France and J?a of Englelande. J?a
hwile J>e he on Normandig wunode.
On j?isu geare eac forS ferde se arceb' Girard of Eoferwic
toforan Pentecost', and wearS sy&San Thomas )?8er to gesett.
1109. Her on J?ison geare wses se cyng Henri to Xpes
meessan and to Eastron on Normandig. and toforan Pentec
hider to lande co. and his hired on West mynstre heold. Daer
wurdon ]?a forewearda full worhte. and )?a aiSas gesworene his
dohter J>a Casere to gifene.
Dises geares g' wurdon swrSe fela J?unra. and f>a swiiSe
segeslice. And se arceb' Ansealm of Cantwara byrig for$
ferde on J?a dsege xi k' Apr', arid vvses se forma Easter dseg
on Letania maior.
1110. On j?isu geare heold se cyng Henri his hired to Xpes
maessan set West mynstre. and to Eastron he wa3S aet Mserle
beorge. and to Pentec forman sij>e his hired on J?a niwan
Windlesoran heold.
Dises geares sende se cyng toforan^ laengtene hjs dohter
mid maenig fealdan madman ofer sae. and hi ]?am Casere for
geaf. On J?aere fiftan nihte on Males moniSe. setywde se
mona on aefen beorhte scinende. and sy^i5an litlan and
litlan his leoht wanode. swa -p he sona nihtes to J?a swiiSe
mid ealle acwanc. ^ na|?er ne leoht rie tnendel rie nan J?ing
mid ealle of hi waes gesaewen. and swa )?urh wunode fullneah
o$ dseg. and sy$j?an full and beorhte scinende yetywde. he
waes ]?8es ylcan d?eges feowertyne nihta eald. Ealle }>a niht
THE LAUD MS. (E) 243
wses seo lyft swifte clene, and J?a steorran ofer call )?a heofon (A.D. mo)
swi$e beorhte scinende. and treow wsestmas wurdon l?sere
nihte J?urh forste swrSe fornumene. Daer seft' on Junies
moniSe setywde an steorra norSaneastan. and his leoma stod
toforan hi on )?et suftwest. and ]?us manega niht wses ge-
ssewen. and furSor nihtes sy$$an he ufor astah. he wses
g'sewen on bsec on ^ norSwest gangende.
Dises geares wurdon belaende Philipp' de Brause. and
WilFm Mallet, and Will'm Bainart.
Eac ]nses geares forSferde Elias eorl. )?e ]?a Mannie of fa
cynge Heanri geheold. and on cweow. and aefV his forsiSe
fengto se eorl of Angeow. and hi togeanes ]?a cynge heold.
Dis wses swiSe gedeorfsu gear her on lande |?iirh gyld J?e
se cyng nam for his dohtergyfte. and Jmrh ungewsedera. for
hwan eoriS westmas wurdon swrSe amyrde. and treow westmas
ofer call ]?is lane} forneah eall for wurdon.
Dises geares me began serost to weorcenne on ]m niwan
mynstre on Ceortesaege.
1111. On J>ison geare ne baer se kyng Henri his coronan
to Xpes maessan. ne to Eastron. ne to Pentec. And innan
August he ferde ofer sae into Normandig. for un sehte J?e
wr$ hi hsefdon sume be ]?a gemaeran of France, and swr<Sost
for J?a eorle of Angeow J?e )?a Mannie togeanes him heold.
and syiSiSan he ]?yder ofer co. mauega un rada and bsernetta
and hergunga hi heo betweonan gedydan.
On }?ison geare for^ ferde se eorl Ttotbert of Flandran. and
feng his sunu Baldewine ]?8erto.
Dises geares wses swrSe lang wint' and hefigtyme and
strang. and ]?urh -p eor^S wsestmas wurdon swrSe amyrde. and
se massta orfcwealm )?e aenig mann mihte gemunan.
. Eall ]?is gear wunode se cyng Henri on Normandig
for feere un sehte J?e he hsefde wift France, and wrS )?on eorl
of Angeow J?e )?a Mannie togeanes hi heold. And on mang
j?a ]?e he J?fer waes. he belsende fofi eorl of Eureus and Will'm
Crispin, and ut of Normandi adraf. and Philippe de Braus his
land ageaf |?e ser wses beleend. and Rotb't de Bselesme he let
niman and on prisune don.
Dis waes swi^e god gear and swrSe wistfull on wudan and
on feldan. ac hit wses swifte hefigtyme and sorhfull J?urh
ormaetne mancwealm.
I i 2
244 THE LAUD MS. (E)
1113. Her on )?isou geare wses se cyng Henri to Natiuiteft
and to Eastron and to Pentec on Normandig. And )?ser
seft' to sumeran he ssende hider to lande Rotb't de Bselesme
into J>am castele to Weerha. and hisylf sona faerseft' hider to
lande com.
1114. On )?ison geare heold se cyng Henri his hyred to
Natiuiteft on Windlesoran. and ]?ses geares syfrSan he ne
heold hired nan oftar.
And to middan sumeran he ferde mid fyrde into Wealon.
and J?a Wylisceau coman and wi$ )?on cyng grrSedon. and he
let J?ser inne castelas weorcean. And J?ser seft' innan Septemb'
he for ofer sse into Normandig.
Discs geares on sefteward Mai wses geseweu an selcu^
steorra mid langan leoman manege niht scinende. Eac on
J?is ylcan geare wses swa mycel ebba aeghwser anes dseges swa
nan man seror ne g'munde. and swa ty man ferde ridende and
gangende ofer Taemese be eastan j?sere brigge on Lunden.
pises geares wseron swrSe mycele windas on October mon^e.
ac he wses or msete mycel on ]?a niht Octab J sci Martini, and
p gehwesr on wudan and on tunan gecydde.
Eac on ]?isu geare se cyng geaf ]?et arceb'rice on Cant
warabyrig Raulfe. se wses seror biscop on Hrofeceastre. And
se arceb' on Eoferwic Thomas forS ferde. and feng Turstein
)?serto. se wses aeror J?ses cynges capelein.
On fses ylcau tyme feorde se cyng toweard )?on see and
ofer wolde. ac wseder hi Isette. }>a hwile )?a sende he his writ
aft' )?on abb' Ernulf of Burh. and bebead hi ^ he efeostlice
scolde to hi cuman. for|?i "f he wolde sprecon mid hi dserne
sprece. Da he to hi co. )?a neodde he hi to J?a biscop rice
of Hrofeceastre. and ]?a arc biscopes and biscopes and p
duge^ ]? wses on Engla lande for^ mid se cyng. and he lange
wi$stod. ac hit ne forheol naht. and se cyng J>a bebead
Jjofi arc b j f he sceolde hi Iseden to Cantwara byrig and
blsetson hi to b j wolde he noldehe. Jns waes don on J?3ere
tuna J?a man cleopa^S Burne. p wses J?es dseges xvii k' Octobr 7 .
Da ]>e munecas of Burch hit herdon ssegen. ]?a wseron hi
swa sari swa hi nasfre aar ne wseron. forj?i ^ he waes swrSe
god and softe man. and dyde mycel to gode wrSinnan and
wi^utan. J>a hwile ]?e he J?ser wunode. God selmihtig wunie
sefre mid hi.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 245
Da sona ^serseft' )?a geaf se cyng ]?on abb' rice an mimec (A.D. iu 4 )
of Sseis Johan wses g'haten. J?urh j?8es arceb' gearnunge of
Cantwarbyrig. And sona j^serseft' sende se cyng hi and
se arceb' of Cantwarb' to Rome seft' )>es serceb' pallia, and
\v;<?s
an munec mid hi Warner is gehaten. and ]?on serce dieecne
Johan |?es arceb' neafe. and hi fser well spasddon. Dis waas
don J>es daeges xi k' Oetobr'. on ]?one tuna )?e man cleopaiS
Rugenore. and ]?es ylces daeges eode se cyng on scipa on
Portesmufte.
1115. Her wa?s se cyng Henri to NatiuiteiS on Normandig.
and on mang ]?a )?e he |?ser wa?s. he dyde f ealle ]?a heafod
msen on Normandig dydon manrseden and holda^as his sunu
Will'me J>e he be his cwene hsefde. and seft' ]?an syS^an innon
Julies mon'Se hider into lande co.
Discs geares wses swa strang wint' mid snawe and mid
forste. swa nan man );e J^a lifode a3rj?an nan strengre ne
g'munde. and wearS J?urh^ imgemsete orfcwealm.
On ]?ison geare saande se papa PaschaF llaulfe serceb' on
Cantwarabyrig palliu hider to lande. and he his onfeng mid
mycelan wur^scipe set his arce stole on Cant'byrig. Hine
brohte Arisealm abb' of Rome se waes nefa Ansealmes serceb'.
and se abb' Johan of Burh.
1116. On ]?ison geare waes se cyng Henri to Natiuiteft set
see Albane. and J>ser let ^ mynster halgiari. and to Eastron
on Wudiham. And wes eac f>yses geares swi^e hefigtyme
winter and strang and lang. wrS orf and wiiS ealle j?ing. And
se cyng seft' Eastron sona ferde ofer sse into Normandig. and
wurdon manega imrada and rsefunga and castelas g'numene
betwux France and Normandig. Mnest ]?is unsehte waas
for]?an ]?e se cyng Henri fylste his nefan |>a eorle Tsedbalde
de Blais. ]?e )?a wyrre heefde togeanes his hlaforde J?a cynge of
France Lo^ewis.
Dis wses swi^e g'swincfull gear and byrstfull on eoriS
waestman. Jnirh ]?a ormsete reinas J?e coman sona onforan
August, and swrSe gedrehton and geswencton )?e gyt ]?e co
Candel maessan. Eac ]?is gear wses swa gsesne on msestene.
swa ty on eallon ]?ison lande ne eac on Wealon ne g'hyrde me
of nanan segcean. Dis land and ]?as leodon wurdon eac ]?yses
geares oftrsedlice sare geswencte. |?urh ]?a gyld }>e se cyng na.
ge binnan burgati and butan.
246 THE LAUD MS. (E)
comfcustto On }?isu ylcan geare baernde eall -p mynstre of Burh. and
tCfl'tl eallae J>a husas butan se Captelhus and se Slsepperne. and J>yer
to eac bsernde eall J?a mseste drel of Jm tuna. Eall J?is belap
on an Frigdseg. j? wses ii NO Aug't.
1117. Eall ]?is gear wunode se cyng Henri on Normandig.
for )?es cynges unsehte of France and his o$ra nehhebura.
And J>a to $an sumeran co se cyng of France and se eorl of
Flandra mid hi mid fyrde into Normandig. and ane niht Jer
inne wunedon. and on morgen butan gefeohte ongean ferden.
And Normandig wearS swrSe gedreht. segiSer g' ]?urh gyld ge
Jmrh fyrde J?e se cing Henri J?ser ongean gaderode. Eac )?eos
]?eode ]?urh ]?is ylce J?urh manigfealde gyld. wearS strange
geswenct.
Discs geares eac on J?sere nihte kF Decemb' wurdon or-
msetlica wsedera mid )>unre. and lihtinge. and reine. and
hagole. And on J?sere nihte iii id' Dec wearS se mona lange
nihtes swylce he eall blodig wsere. and syiS^an a^istrode.
Eac on J?8ere nihte xvii kF Janr ? wses seo heofon swySe read
geseweri. swylce hit bryne waere. And on Octab' sci Johis
Eug?a3 wses seo mycele eor^Sbyfung on Lumbardige. for
hwan manega mynstras and turas. and huses gefeollon. and
mycelne hearm on manrian gedydon. Dis waes swyfte byrst-
ful gear on corne. J?urh )?a renas )?e forneh ealles geares ne
geswicon.
And se abb' Gilebert of West mynstre for'S ferde viii id*
Dec. and Farits abb' of Abbandune vii k' Martn. And on
]?isum ylcan geare
1118. Her eall j?is gear wunode se cyng Henri on Nor-
mandig. for ]?es cynges wyrre of France, and J?aes eorles of
Angeow. and ]?ses eorles of Flandrari. And se eorl of Flandra
wariS innan Normandig gewundod. and swa gewundod into
Flandran for. Durh J?isra un sehte wear^ se cyng swy$e
gedreht. and mycel for leas, segfter ge on feoh and eac on
lande. and maest hine dryfdon his agene msen ]>e hi gelome
fra bugon. and swicon. and to his feoudan cyrdon. and heo
to J?ses cynges hearme and swicdome heora castelas ageafon.
Eall Jns strange gebohte Englaland. j?urh |?a msenigfealdlice
gyld ]>e ealles J>ises geares ne geswicon.
On )?ison geare on ]?8ere wucon Theophauie wses aries sefenes
swyfte mycel lihtinge, and ungemetlice slsege )?aer a?fV.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 247
And seo cvven Mahald forS ferde on West mynstre |>ses (A. D. m8)
dseges kP Mai. and J?aer wses bebyrged. And se eorl Rotbert
of Mellent j?ises geares eac for<$ ferde.
Eac on J?ison geare to see Thomas msesse. wses s\va swiiSe
ungemetlice mycel wind. ^ nan man )?e }>a lifode neenne
maran ne gemunde. and ty waes seghwer geseone. seg'Ser ge
on husan and eac on treowan.
Discs geares eac for^ ferde se papa PaschaP. and feng Johan
of Gaitan to j?a papddme. J?a wses oiSer nama Gelasius.
1119. Bis gear eall wunode se cyng Henri on Normandig.
and wses J?urh J?ses cynges wyrre of France, and eac his
agenra manna J?e hi mid swicdome fra wseron mid abugon.
oftrsedlice swyj?e gedreht. ofrSet )?a twegen cyngas innan
Normandige. mid heoran folcan coman togtedere. j?aer wear$
seo cyng of France aflymed. and ealle his betste msen genum-
ene. and sySiSan )?8es cynges mseri Heanriges manega hi to ge
bugen. and wr3 hine acordedan J?e aeror mid heora castelan hi
togeanes wseron. arid sume J?a castelas he mid strengiSe gena.
Discs geares ferde Willelm ]?8es cynges sunu Heanriges and
J?sere cwene Mahalde into Normandige to his fseder. and J?ser
wear^ hi forgifen and to wife beweddod J?ses eorles dohter
of Angeow.
On see Michael' msesse sefen wees mycel eorS bifung on
suman steodan her on lande. ]?eah swyiSost on Gloweceastre
scire. and on Wigre ceastre scire.
On ]?is ylcan geare forS ferde se papa Gelasius on j?as halfe
j?aere muntan. and wees on Clunig bebyrged. and aeft' hi se
arce b* of Uiana wearS to papan gecoren. J?am wearS nam
Calixtus. Se sy^an to see Lucas msessan eug'lista co>
into France to Rseins. and J>ser heold concilia, and se arce b 5 '
Turstein of Eoferwic ]?yder ferde. and forj?i J?e he togeanes
rihte and togeanes J?a arce stole on Cant wara byrig. and
togeanes J?8es cynges willan his had set ]?am papan under
feng. him wrScwse^ se cyng selces gean fares to Engla lande.
and he ]?us his arceb' rices J?aernode. and mid $am papan
towardes Rome for.
Eac on j?ison geare forS ferde se eorl Baldewine of Flandran
of )?a wundan ]?e he innan Normandige gefeng. and aafter hi
feng Carl his fa^asunu to }>am rice, se waes Cnutes sunu J?yes
haligan cynges of Denmarcan. .
THE LAUD MS. (E)
1120. Discs geares wurdon selite seo cyng of FJngle lande
and se of France, and sefter heora sehte acordedan ealles ]?ses
cynges Heanriges agene msen wi$ hine innan Norraandige.
and sc eorl of Flandran. and se of Puntiw. SyftSan her sefter
ssette se cyng Henrig his castelas and his land on Normandi
sefter his willan. and swa toforan Aduent hider to lande for.
And on ]?am fare wurdon adrincene ]?ses cynges twegen
sunan Willelm and Ricard. and Ricard eorl of Ceastre. and
Ottuel his bro$or. and swySe manega of J^ses cynges hired
stiwardas and bur)?enas and byrlas and of mystlicean wican.
and ungerirn swySe asnlices folces forS mid. Dysra deaS
wses heora freondan twyfealdlic sar. an ]?et hi swa fearlice
]?ises lifes losedan. o^er -p feawa heora lichaman ahwser sySftan
fundena wseron.
Dises geares com ]?et leoht to Sepulchru Dhi innan lerusale
twiges. senes to Eastron. and oiSre si^e to Assuptio see Marie
swa swa geleaffulle ssedon )?e Ration coman.
An se arce b' Turstein of Eoferwic wearS J?urh ]?one papan
wiiS J?one cyng acordad. and hider to lande com. and his
biscoprices onfeng. J?eah hit ]?a arceb' of Cantwarabyrig
swySe ungewille waere.
1121. Her wses se cyng Henri to Xpes masssan on Brain-
tune, and j>ser aefter to forau Candel msessan on Windlesoran
him to wife f orgy fen A^elis and sy^^an to cwene gehalgod.
seo wa3s J?aBs here togan dohtor of Luuaine.
And se mona aj;y strode on J?aere nihte None Apr', and wses
xiv luna.
And se cyng wses to Eastran on Beorclea. and J?ser sefter
to Pentecosten he heold mycelne hyred on Westmynstre.
and syftftan )?33S sumeres mid ferde into Wealan for. and f>a
Wyliscean him ongean coman. and sefter j?es cynges willan hi
wr$ hine acordedan.
Dises geares com se eorl of Angeow fra lerusale into his
lande. and syftftan hider to lande sende. and his dohter let
feccean. seo wses WilFme ]?es cynges sune seror to wife for
gyfan.
And on J>sere nihte uigilia Natal' Dni wses swyfte mycel
wind ofer eall J?is laud, and J?et wearS on manegan Jnugan
swySe gesene.
Here ends the first hand in MS. E.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 249
1122. On J?is geare waes se king Heanri on Cristes msessan
on Norhtwic. and on Pasches he weas on Norht hamtune.
And on J?one lententyde J?aer toforen for beam se burch on combust
Gleawe ceastre. ]?a hwile J?e }>a munecas sungen J?aere raesse.
and se daecne hafde ongunnan ]?one godspel P'TERIENS Iftc.
fa co se fir on ufen weard ]?one stepel. and for bearnde ealle
J?e minstre. and ealle J?a gersuraes fe faor binnen wseron
foruton feawe bee. and iii messe hakeles. ]?et wes )?es dseies
viii id' Mr'.
And J?aer setter |?e Tywesdaei sefter Palmes Sunendsei
wses swrSe micel wind on ^ daei xi k' Apr'. ]?ser sefter
coraen feale tacne widehwear on Englaland and feole
dwild wearen geseogen and geheord. And j?es niht viii k j
Aug' waes swrSe micel eorS dyne ofer eal Sumer sete scire
and on Gleawe cestre scire. SrSiSon on j?aes daei vi id' Sept'
J?et wses on see Marie messe daei. J?a wear^ swi^e myccl wind
fra )?a underndseies to )?a swarte nihte.
peos ilce geares for$ ferde Raulf seo serce biscop of Cant
warbyrig. -p wees on J?ses dseies xiii k j Nouemb'. pser sefter
wseron feole scip men on sa3. and on wseter. and sa3don -p hi
saegon on norS east fir mycel and brad wi^ f>one eorSe. and
weax on lengfe up on an to )?am wolcne. and se wolcne un
dide on fower healfe and faht J?ser togeanes. swilc hit scoldc
a cwencen. and se fir weax na )?a ma up to )?e heouene. past
fir hi seagon in $e daei rime and Iseste swa lange ty hit wscs
liht ofer call. )?et wses |?aes daeies vii idus Decembr'.
1123. On )>yssum geare wses se king Henri on Cristes tyde
a3t Dunestaple. and fser comen ]?es eorles sander men of An-
geow to him. and J?eonen he ferde to Wudestoke. and his
biscopes and his hird eal mid him. pa tidde hit on an Wod-
nesdei. J?et waes on iv id' Jafirii. J?et se king rad in his derfald
and se biscop Roger of Seres byrig on an half him. and se
biscop Rotbert Bloet of Lincolne on ofter half him. and riden
J?ser sprecende. pa aseh dune se biscop of Lincolne and seide
to j?am kyng. Laferd kyng ic swelte. and se kyng alihte dune
of his hors and alehte hine bctwux his earmes. and let hine
beran ham to his inne. and wearS J?a sone dead, and man
ferode hine to Lincolne mid micel wurSscipe. and bebyrigde
hine toforen see Marie wefod. and hine bebyrigde se b' of
Ceastre Rotbert Pecceft wses gehaten.
Kk
250 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1123) Da sone ]?ser sefter sende se kyng hise write ofer call Engla
lancle. and bed hise biscopes and hise abbates and hise j?eignes
ealle ]?et hi scolden cumen to his gewitenemot on Candel
messe deig to Gleawceastre him togeanes. and hi swa diden.
Da hi waerau J>ser gegaderod. )?a bed se cyng heom J?aet hi
scoldon cesen hem serce biscop to Cantwarabyrig swa hwam
swa swa hi woldon. and he hem hit wolde ty]?ian. Da sprsecon
i$a biscopas hem betwenan. and sseden J?set hi nsefre mare ne
wolden hafen munec hades man to ercebiscop ofer hem. ac
iedon ealle samodlice to J?one kyng and ieornden )? hi mosten
cesen of clerc hades man swa hwam swa swa hi wolden to
ercebiscop. and se kyng hit hem tidde. Dis wses eall ear
gedon $urh se biscop of Seres byrig. and j?urh se biscop of
Lincolne ser he wsere dead. forSi J?et nsefre ne luueden hi
munece regol. ac wseron sefre togsenes muneces and here
regol. And se prior and se munecas of Cantwarabyrig. and
ealle ]?a oftre |?e iSasr wa3ron munec hades men hit wiiScwte^en
fulle twa dagas. ac hit naht ne beheld, for se biscop of Sseres
byrig wses strang and wealde eall Engleland. and wses J?ser
togeanes eall ^ he mihte and cufte. Da cusen hi an clerc
Willelm of Curboil wses gehaten. he was canonic of an myn-
stre Cicc hatte. and brohten him toforen se kyng. and se
kyng him geaf $one serce biscop rice, and ealle j?a biscopas
him under fengen. him wrS cwae^en muneces and eorles and
J?eignes ealle mest J?e ]?8er wseron.
On )?a ilca tyma ferden J?es eorles sandermen mid unssehte
fra kyng. na of his gyfe naht ne rohton.
On J?a ilca tyma com an Legat of Rome Henri wses gehaten.
he wses abbot of see Johs mynstre of Anieli. and he co sefter
}?e Rome scot, and he ssede ]?one cyng ^ hit wses togeanes
riht )? man scolde setten clerc ofer muneces. and swa swa hi
hsefden cosen aerce biscop seror in here capitele sefter rihte.
ac se cyng hit nolde undon. for )?es b' luuen of Sseres byrig.
Da ferde se serce biscop sone J?ser sefter to Cantwarabyrig
and wses J?ser underfangan j?aeh hit wsere here unj?ancas. and
was ]?3ere sone gebletsod to biscop fram se biscop of Lundene.
and se b' Ernulf of Roueceastre. and se V Will'm Gifard of
Winceastre. and se b' Bernard of Wales, and se b' Roger of
Scares byrig. Da sone in ]?e leiiten ferde se rerce biscop to
Rome sefter his palliu. and mid him ferde se b' Bernard of
THE LAUD MS. (E) 251
Wales, and Sefred abbot of Gleasting byrig. and Ansealm (A.D. 1123)
abbot of s' ^Edmund, and Johan serce dsecne of Cantwara
byrig. and Gifard wses j?es kinges hird clerc.
On J?a ilca tima ferde se serce biscop Durstari of Eoferwic
to Rome Jmrh J>es papes hese. and com J>ider ftre dagas ser se
serce b' of Cantwarabyrig come, and wses ]?sere under fangan
mid micel wurSscipe. Da co se serce b' of Cantwarabyrig
and wses ftsere fulle seoueniht ser hi mihte cumen to J?es
papes sprsece. -p wses for]?an -p hit wses don ftone pape to
under standen ^ he hsefde under fangen ftone serce biscop rice
togeanes ]?a muneces of ]?e mynstre and togeanes rihte. Ac
^ ofer co Rome J?et ofercumeft call weoruld -p is gold and
seolure. and se pape sweftolode and gaf hi his pallium, and se
serce b' swor him underj>eodnysse of ealle fta [?ing -p se papa
hi on leide on s j Petres heuod and s' Paules. and sende him
ha ^a mid his bletsunge.
Da hwile *p se serce b' wses ut of lande geaf se kyng ^one
biscop rice of BaiSe )?es cwenes canceler GodefrerS wses ge-
haten. he wses boren of Luuein. -p wses J>es dseiges Annuntiatio
s' Marie at Wudestoke. Da sone J>er sefter ferde se king to
Winceastre and wses ealle Eastrentyde J?sere. and )?a hwile
p he )?ser wses J?a geaf he ]?one biscop rice of Lincolne an
clerc Alexander wses gehaten. he wses )?es biscopes nefe of
Scares byrig. ]?is he dyde call for J?es biscopes luuen.
Da ferde se kyng ]?enen to Fortes mir<Se. and Isei J?sere call
ofer Pentecostewuce. ]?a sone swa he hsefde wind swa ferde
he ofer into Normandie. and betsehte J>a call Engle land to
geamene and to wealden J?one b' Roger of Scares byrig. Da
wses se kyng eall J>es geares in Normandie. and weax J?a
micel unfrrS betwux him and hise ]?eignas. swa -p se eorl
Walaram of Mellant. and Hamalri. and Hugo of Mundford.
and Wiirm of Rom are. and fela oft re wendan fra him and
helden here castles him togeanes. And se kyng held strang-
lice he togeanes. and ]?es ylces geares he wan of Walaram his
castel Punt Aldemer. and of Hugo Mundford. and srSften he
spedde sefre leong ]?e bet.
Des ylce geares ser se biscop of Lincolne co to his b'rice
for beam eall meast se burh of Lincolne. and micel un gerime
folces wsepmen and wimmen forburnen. and swa mycel hearm
K k 2
252 THE LAUD MS. (E)
pser wses gedon swa nan man hit cufte oper secgen. pet wses
pes dseges xiv kP Junii.
1124. Eall pis gear wes se king Heanri on Normandi. ^
wes for se miccle unfrift ^ he heafde wi$ se king Lodewis of
France, and wr3 se eorl of Angeow. and wrS his agene men
alre mest.
pa gelamp hit on pes dseges Annuntiatio see Marie ty se
eorl Waleram of Mellant ferde fra his an castel Belmunt het
to his an o$er castel Watteuile. mid hi ferde pes kinges
stiward of France Amalri. and Hugo Gerueises sunu. and
Hugo of Munford. and fela oftre godre cnihte. pa cornen
hem togeanes pes kinges cnihtes of ealla pa casteles $a pser
abuton wseron and fuhton wi$ hem and aflemden he and
namen pone eorl Waleram and Hugo Gerueises sunu. and
Hugo of Wundford. and fif and twenti oftre cnihtes and
brohton he to pone kinge. and se king let don pone eorl
u
Waleram and Hugo Gerueises sunu on heftninge on iSone
castel on Roftem. and Hugo of Mundford he sende to Engle
land, and let hine don on ifele bendas on pone castel on
Gleucestre. and of pa o$re swa fela swa hi puhte he sende
norS and su$ to hise castelas on heftnunge. Da siftSon ferde
se king and wan ealle pes eorles castelas Walera pa waerori on
Normandi. and ealle pa o$re pa his wi^re wines healden hi
togeanes.
was
Eall t pes unfrift for pes eorles sunu Rotbert of Nor-
mandi Willelm het. Se ilce WilFm hefde numen Fulkes
eorles gingre dohter to wife of Angeow. and forSi se king of
France and ealle pas eorles heolden mid hi. and ealle pa rice
men. and sseidon pet se king heold his broker Rotbert mid
wrange on heftnunge. and his sunu Will'm mid unrihte
aflemde ut of Normandi.
Des ilces geares wseron fsela untime on Engle lande. on
corne and on ealle westme. swa ^ betweonen Cristes messe
and Candel messe man sselde "p acerssed hwsete p is twegen
sedlsepas to six scillingas. and )? bserlic p is pre sedlaepas
' is
to six scillingas. and ^ acer said aten j? t feower sed laepas to
feower scillingas. pet wses forpi p corn wses litel. and se
penig wses swa if el 'p se man pa hsefde at an market an pund
he ne mihte cysten pserof for nan ping twelfe penegas.
TIJE LAUD MS. (E) 253
On ]?es ilces geares forS ferde se eadig biscop Ernulf of (A. 0.1124)
Roueceastre se seror wses abbot on Burch. ]?et wses }?es dseies
id' Martii. And J?ser sefV forS ferde se king Alexander of
Scotlande on J?es dseies ix kl' Mai. and Dauid his broker j?a
wses eorl of NorShamtune scire feng to rice and hsefde iSa
baiSe togedere J?one kinerice of Scotlande. and ]?one eorldom
on Engle lande. And on j?ses dseies xix kP Janr' forft ferde
se pape on Rome Calistus wses gehaten. and Honorius feng
to papedom.
Des ilces geares seft' s' Andreas messe toforeri Cristes
messe held Raulf Basset and J?es kinges iSaeines gewitenemot
on Le]?ecsestre scire at Hundehoge. and ahengen J?ser swa
fela ]?efas swa naofre ser ne wseron. J>et wseron on J>a litle
hwile ealles feower and feowerti manne. and six men spilde
of here segon and of here stanes. Fela softfeste men sseidon
ty |?8er wseron manege mid micel unrihte gespilde. oc ure
Laford God aelmihtig J?a eall digelnesse se^ and wat. he seoiS
'f man Iset ^ serme folc mid ealle unrihte. serost man hem
bersefoft her eahte and siJrSon man he of slseiS. Ful heui gser
wses hit se man ]?e seni god heafde. him me hit bersefode mid
strange geoldes and mid strange motes. ]?e nan ne heafde
staerf of hunger.
1125. On ]?is gser sende se king Henri toforen Cristes
messe of Normandi to Engla lande and bebead ]?et man Nota He|
scolde beniman ealle }?a minitere ]?e wseron on Engle lande
heora liman. )? wses here elces riht hand and heora stanen
beneftan. ty wses for se man i5e hafde an pund he ne mihte
cysten senne peni at anne market. And se biscop Roger of
Sseres byrig sende ofer eall Engla lande and bebead hi ealle
j? hi scolden cumen to Winceastre to Cristes messe. pa hi
ftider coman i$a nam man an and an and benam selc iSone
riht hand and )?a stanes berieiSan. Eall j?is wses gedon wr$
innon )?a twelf niht. and ty wses eall mid micel rihte foriSi ty
hi hafden for don eall -p land mid here micele fals. -p hi ealle
abohton.
On )?es ilces gaores sende se papa of Rome to ftise lande an
cardinal Johan of Creme waes gehaten. He com first to
]?one king on Normandi. and se king hine under feng mid
micel wuriSscipe. beteahte hine sr&Son ]?one serceb' W. of
Cantwarabyrig. and he hine ledde to Cantwarabyrig. and
254 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. ii25)he waes ]?aer under fangen mid raicel wurSscipe and mid
micel processione. and he sang iSone heh messe on Eastren
daei set Cristes wefod. And sr33on he ferde ofer call Engla
lande to ealle ]?a biscop rices and abbot rices J?a wseron on ]?is
lande. and ofer call he wses under fangen mid wurSscipe and
ealle hine isefen micele gife and msere. And sr&Son he heold
his concilie on Lundene fulle J>reo dagas on natiuitas see
Mariae on Septemb' mid sercebiscopes and mid leodbisc and
abbotes and lasred and lawed. and bead J>8er ]?a ilce lagas J?a
ANSELM aerceb' haefde aeror beboden and feala ma J?eah
hit lit el for stode. And J?eonon he for ofer sse sone seft' see
Michaeles messe and swa to Rome and se aerceb' W. of Cant
warabyrig. and se aerceb' T. of Eferwic. and se bisc A. of
Lincolne. and se V of Lo)?ene J. and se abbot of see Alban
G. and waeran J?ser under fangen of }?one pape Honori' mid
micel wurftscipe. and wseron ]?a^re call ]?one wintre.
On iSes ilces geares wearS swa micel flod on see Laurent'
messe dseig ty feola tunes and men weorfton adrencte. and
brigges to brokene. and corn and msedwe spilt mid ealle. and
hunger and cwealm on men and on erue. and on ealle westme
swa micel untime wearS swa hit ne waes feola gear aer.
And J?es ilces geares forS ferde se abbot Jo. of Burch on ii
id' Octobris.
1126. Eall J?is gear waes se kyng Heanri on Normandi call
to seft' heruest. J>a co he to ]?is lande betwyx natiuit' see
Marie and Michaeles messe. mid hi co se cwen and his dohter
j? he a3ror hafde giuen ]?one kasere Heanri of Loherenge to
wife. And he brohte mid him J?one eorl Waleram and Hugo
Gerueises sunn, and ]?one eorl he sende to Brigge on heft-
nunge. and feonon he sende hi to Walingeforde si^on. and
Hugo to Windles ofra. and let hine don on harde bande.
And ]?a aeft' Michaeles messe com se Scotte kyng Dauid
of Scotlande hider to lande. and se kyng Heanri under feng
hine mid micel wurSscipe. and he wunode J>a call J>et gear on
)?is lande.
On )?es ilces geares let se kyning nimen his broker Rotbert
fra j?one biscop Roger of Saeres byri. and betahte hine his sune
Rotbert eorl of Gleucsestre. and let hine Iseden to Bricstowe
and J?8er diden on ]?one castel. pset waes call don iSurh his
dohtres rsed. and Jmrh se Scotte kyng Dauid hire earn.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 255
1127. Bis gear heald se kyng Heanri his bird set Cristes $ft Iuu|
msesse on Windlesoure. }?ser wses se Scotte kyng Dauid. and
call i$a heaued Isered and Iseuued "p wses on Engleland. And
J?ser he let sweren ercebiscopes and biscopes and abbotes and
eorles and ealle j?a Seines i$a J?aer wseron his dohter JE^elic
Engle land and Normandi to hande sefter his dsei. J>e ser wses
)?es Caseres wif of Sexlande. And sende hire sr&Sen to Nor-
mandi. and raid hire ferde hire broker Rotbert eorl of Gleu
cestre. and BRIAN J?es eorles sunu Alein Fergan. and leot
hire beweddan ]?es eorles sunu of Angeow GosfrerS Martsel
wses gehaten. Hit of j?uhte na)>ema ealle Frencisc and Englisc.
oc se kyng hit dide for to hauene sibbe of se eorl of Angeow.
and for helpe to hauene togsenes his neue WilFm.
Des ilces gseres on )?one lenten tide wses se eorl Karle of
Flandres of slagen on ane circe J?ser he Isei and bsed hine to
Gode to for ]?one weofede amang J?ane messe fra his agene
manne. And se kyng of France brohte )?one eorles sunu
WilPm of Normandi and isef hine )?one eorldom. and ]?et land
folc him wr$ toe. pes ilce WilPm hsefde aeror numen 'Ses
eorles dohter of Angeow to wife oc hi wseron srSften to
tweamde for sib reden. J?et wes call fturh J>one kyng Heanri
of Engleland. SiiSiSen J?a na he J?es kynges wifes swuster of
France to wife, and for]?i isef se kyng him ]?one eorldom of
Flandres.
Des ilce gseres he gaef J?one abbot rice of Burch an abbot abV ?m'
Heanri wpes gehaten of Peitowe. se hsefde his abbot rice s'
Johs of Angeli on hande. and ealle J?a serce biscopes and
biscopes seidon ty hit wses togeanes riht. and ^ he ne mihte
hafen twa abbot rices on hande. Oc se ilce Heanri dide J?one
king to under standene p he hsefde Iseten his abbot rice for ^
micele un sibbe ^ wses on ^ land, and -p he dide fturh J>es
papes rsed and leue of Rome, and $urh )?es abbotes of Clunni.
and J>urh J?aet he wses legat of 3one Romescott. Oc hit rie
wses naftema eallswa. oc he wolde hauen bafte on hand, and
swa hafde swa lange swa Godes wille wses. He wses on his
clserchade biscop on Scesscuns. sr&San wariS he munec on
Clunni. and srSiSon prior 011 J?one seolue minstre. and
he wser^ prior on Sauenni. )?ar seftor ]?urh j? he wses
kynges msei of Engleland and ]?es eorles of Peitowe j>a geaf
se eorl him ]?one abbot rice of s' Johs minstre of Angeli.
256 Tlltt LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. ii27)Srfr$on Jmrh his micelc vvrences fta beitiet he )?onc eercebiscop
rice of Besencun and Imcfde hit ]m on hande J?re dagas. j?a
forlses he -p mid rihte for]?i -p he hit hsefde seror beieten mid
imrihte. srSiSon J>a beiet he J?one biscoprice of Seintes -p wses
fif mile fra his abbot rice ^ he haefde ful neah seoueniht on
hande. j?enon brohte se abbot him of Clunni swa swa he seror
dide of Besencun. pa be]>ohte he him ^ gif he mihte ben
rotfest on Engleland *p he mihte habben eal his wille. be-
sohte J?a ftone kyng and sseide hi -p he wscs eald man and
for broken man and p he ne mihte ftolen j?a micele un rihte
and J?a micele un sibbe $a waeron on here land, and isernde
Jm j?urh hi and fturh ealle his freond nacuSlice J?one abbot
rice of Burhc. and se kyng hit hi isette for^i ^ he waes his
msej. and for^ij? he wses an hsefod fta a'S to swerene and
witnesse to berene )?8er ^Sa eorles sunu of Norrnandi and J?es
eorles dohter of Angeow waeron totwemde for sibreden. pus
earmlice waes ]?one abbot rice gifen betwix Cristesmesse and
Candelmesse at Lundene. and swa he ferde mid j>e cyng to
Wincestre and |?anon he co to Burch. and ]?8er he wunede
call riht swa drane do$ on hiue. Eall 'p ]?a beon dragen
toward swa frett )?a drane and dragaiS fraward. swa dide he
eall -p he mihte tacen wrSinnen and wiftuten of leered and of
Isewed swa he sende ouer sse and na god J?^er ne dide. ne na
god iSser ne Iseuede. Ne J?ince man na sellice ^ we soiS
seggen for hit waes ful cu$ ofer eall land ^ swa radlice swa
he J?8fer co ^ waes J?es Sunnendseies ^ man singa^S EXURGE
QUARE o. D. J?a son J?ajr aeft' J?a sjiegon and herd on fela men
feole huntes hunten. Da huntes wseron swarte and micele
and ladlice. and here hundes ealle swarte and bradegede and
ladlice. and hi ridone on swarte hors and on swarte bucces.
pis wses segon on J?e selue derfald in J?a tune on Burch and
on ealle J?a wudes $a weeron fra J?a selua tune to Stanforde.
and }?a mimeces herdon $a horn blawen hi blewen on
nihtes. SoSfeste men heo kepten on nihtes. sseidon |?es }>e
heo )?uhte ^ J7aer mihte wel ben abuton twenti o$er fritti
horn blaweres. pis wees ssegon and herd fra "p he J?ider co
call ^ lented tid on an to Eastren. pis was his in gang, of his
utgang ne cimne we iett noht seggon. God scawe fore.
1128. Eall J>is geare weas se kyng Heanri on Normandi
for );one un fri$ ^ wses betwencn him and his nefe 3one eorl
THE LAUD MS. (E) 251
of Flandres. Oc se eorl weariS gewundecl at an gefiht fram (A.D. 1128)
anne swein. and swa gewundod he for to s' Berhtines minstre.
and sone )?ear wearS munec and liuode siftfton fif dagas. and
he wearS J?a dasd and ]?aer bebyriged, God geare his sawle.
^ wses ftes dales vi kP Aug*.
Bes ilces geares forS ferde se biscop Randulf Passe flabard
of Dtmholme. and J^sere bebyriged on no' Sept'.
And )?es ilces geares ferde se foren sprecene abbot Henri
ha to his ageu minstre to Peitou be ]>es kynges leue. He
dide 'Sone king to under standen ^ he wolde mid alle for-
laeten }?one minstre and ^ land and J?ser wunien mid hi on
Englalande and on $one mynstre of Burh. Oc hit ne was
naftema swa. he hit dide forSi ty he wolde Jmrh his micele
wiles iSear beon wser it tweolf monft o$$e mare, and srftSon
ongeon cumen. God aelinihtig haue his milce ofer f wrecce
stede.
Des ilces geares co fra JerFm Hugo of ]?e teple to ftone
kyng on Normandig. and se kyng hi under feng mid micel
wurftscipe. and micele gersumes hi geaf on gold and on
silure. And si^i5on he sende hi to Englalande. arid ]?aer he
wses under fangen of ealle gode men. and ealle hi geauen
gersume and on Scotlande ealswa. and be hi senden to JerPrn
micel eahte mid ealle on gold and on silure. And he bebead
folc ut to JerFm. and J?a for mid hi and aefter hi swa micel
folc swa nsefre ser ne dide srSfton -p se firste fare was on
Unbanes dsei pape J?eah hit litel behelde. He seide ^ fulle
feoht was sett betwenen 3a Cristene and J?a he^ene. J?a hi
pider comen ^a ne was hit noht buton Isesunge. )?us earmlice
wearS call f folc swengt.
1129. On )?is gear sende se kyng to Englaland sefter J?one
eorl Walera. and seft' Hugo Gerueises sunu. and j?ser hi
gisleden hem. and Hugo ferde ha to his agen land to France,
and Waleram belaf mid J?orie kyng. and se kyng hi geaf call
his land buton his castel ane. SrSfton J?a co se kyng to
Englaland innon heruest. and se eorl co mid hi. and wuriSon
J?a alswa gode freond swa hi wseron seror feond.
Da sone be j?es kynges reed and be his leue sende se aerce
b' Will'm of Cantwarbyrig ofer eall Englaland. and bead
biscopes and abbotes and sercedsecnes and ealle )>a priores
muneces and canoriias )?a wseron on ealle ]?a cellas on Engla
L 1 -
258 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A. D. 1 129) land, and aeft' ealle J?a J?et Cristendome haefdon to begemen
and to locen. and ty hi scolden ealle cumeii to Lundene at
Michaeles messe. and J?ser scolden sprecon of ealle Godes
rihtes. pa hi ftider comen ]?a began j? mot on Monen dseig
and heold on an to fte Fridseig. pa hit call co forft )?a weor<$
hit call of earce daecnes wifes and of preostes wifes ^ hi
scolden hi forlseten be scs Andreas messe. and se J?e j? ne
wolden done, forgede his circe and his hus and his ham and
nefra ma nan clepunge J?eerto na hafde mare. )?is bebsed se
aerce b' WilFm of Cantwarabyrig and ealle fa leod biscopes
fta J?a waeron on Englalande. and se kyng hem geaf ealle
leue ha to farene. and swa hi ferdon ha. and ne forstod noht
ealle )?a bodlaces. ealle heoldon here wifes be j?es kynges leue
swa swa hi ear didon.
Dis ilces geares forS ferde se biscop Will'm Giffard of Win
ceastre and J?ear bebyriged on viii kP Febr\ and se kyng
Henri geaf f one biscop rice aeft' Micheles messe J?one abbot
Henri his nefe of Glasting byri. and he waes gehalgod to
biscop fra )?one aerceb' Will'm of Cantwarabyri J?es dseies
xv k' DeceV.
pes ilces geares forS ferde Honori' papa. ^Er he waere wel
ded. )?a wre fser coren twa papes. Se an waes gehaten Petr'.
he waes munec of Clunni. and weas boren of J?a ricceste men
of Rome, mid hi helden $a of Rome, and se due of Sicilie.
Se oiSer het Gregori'. he waes clerc and waerft flemd ut of
Rome fra J?on o^er pape and fra his cinnes men. mid hi held
se Kasere of Sexlande and se kyng of France and se kyng
Heanri of Engleland. and ealle J?a be J?is half J>a muntes. Nu
waerS swa mycel dwyld on Cristendom swa it naefre ser ne
wees. Crist sette red for his wrecce folc.
Dis ilces geares on s' Nicholaes messe niht litel aer daei
wses micel eoriS dine.
1130. Dis geares waes se mynstre of Cantwarabyri halgod
fra )?one aerce b' WilPm )?es daeies iv no' Mai. Daer waeron
J?as biscopes. Johan of Roue ceastre. Gilbert Uniu'sal of Lun-
dene. Heanri of Win ceastre. Alexander of Lincolne. Roger
of Saeresbyri. Simon of Wigorceastre. Roger of Couentre.
Godefreith of Bathe. Eourard of Noruuic. Sigefrid of Cicaes-
tre. Bernard of s' Dauid. Audoen' of Euereus of Normand'.
Johan of Saeis.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 259
Bes feorSe daeges J?serseft' wses se king Heanri on Roue (A. D. 1130)
ceastre. and se burch forbernde selmsest. and se serceb'
Will'm halgede s' Andreas mynstre and $a for sprecon bisc
mid hi. And se kyng Heanri ferde ouer sse into Normandi
on heruest.
Bes ilces geares co se abbot Heanri of Angeli seft' JEsterne itfuvg'
to Burch. and seide $ he hsefde forlseten ]?one mynstre mid
ealle. Mft 9 him co se abbot Clunni Petr' gehaten to Engle
lande bi ]?es kynges leue and wses under fangen ouer call swa
hwar swa he co mid mycel wurSscipe. To Burch he co. and
j?ser behet se abbot Heanri hi -p he scolde bejeton hi fone
mynstre of Burch ^ hit scolde beon underfed into Clunni.
OC man serS to biworde. lisege sitteft l>& aceres deeleth.
God selmihtig adylege iuele rsede. And sone J?ser seft' ferde
se abbot of Clunni ham to his serde.
1131. Bis gear sefter Cristesmesse on an Moneniht set )?e
forme slsep wees se heouene o^e norS half call swilc hit waere
bsernende fir. swa f ealle fte hit ssegon wseron swa of feered
swa hi na3fre ser ne wseron. ^ waes on iii id' Janr'. Bes ilces
geares wses swa micel orf cwalm swa hit nsefre ser ne wses on
manne gemynd ofer call Engle land. ^ wses on nset and on
swin. swa -p on |?a tun J?a wses tenn ploges ofter twelfe
gangende ne belsef J?ser noht an. and se man ]?a heafde twa
hundred o$)?e ^re hundred swin ne beleaf him noht an. pser
seft' swulten J?a henne fugeles. J?a scyrte fta flescmete and se
ceose and se butere. God hit bete J?a his wille be^.
And se kyng Heanri co ha to Engle land toforen heruest
seft' s % Petres messe |?e firrer.
Bes ilces geares for se abbot Heauri toforen Eastren fram 23ui*g*
Burch ofer sae to Normandi and j?ser spreac mid J?one kyng.
and sseide hi J?et se abbot of Clunni heafde hi beboden ^ he
scolde cumen to hi and betsecen hi fone abbot rice of Angeli.
and sr3}?en he wolde cumen ha be his laafe. and swa he ferde
ha to his agen mynstre and J?ser wunode eall to midsumer
dsei. And $es o^er dseies sefter s' Johes messe dsej. cusen
J?a muneces abbot of he self and brohten hi into cyrce mid
processione. sungen TE D'M LAUD', ringden ]?a belle, setten
hi on J>es abbotes settle, diden hi ealle hersunesse swa swa hi
scolden don here abbot, and se eorl and ealle J?a heafedmenn
and )?a muneces of ]?a mynstre flemden se ofter abbot Heanri
L 1 2
260 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.D. 1131) ut of )?a mynstre. hi scolden iiedes. on fif and twenti wintre
ne biden hi nsefre an god dsej. Her hi trucode ealle his
mycele crseftes. nu hi behofed ^ he crape in his mycele codde
in eelc hyrne gif J?ser wsere hure an unwreste wrenc ^ he
mihte get beswicen anes Crist and eall Cristene folc. pa
ferde he into Clunni and jjser man hi held f he ne mihte na
east na west, saeide se abbot of Clunni ^ hi heafdon forloron
s' Jofces mynstre Jnirh hi and j?urh his mycele sotscipe. pa
ne cu)?e he hi na betre bote bute behet hem and aftes swor
on halidom f gif he moste Engleland secen )?et he scolde
begeton he ftone mynstre of Burch. swa ty he scolde setten
)?aBr prior of Clunni and circeweard and hordere and reityein
and ealle ]?a fting J?a wseron wr<5inne mynstre and wrSuten
eall he scolde he be tsecen. pus he ferde into France and
]?ser wunode eall ty gear. Crist ra?de for }>a wrecce muneces
of Burch and for -p wrecce stede. nu he behofed Cristes helpe
and eall Cristenes folces.
$ 113.2. Dis gear co Henri king to J?is land. ]?a co Henri
abbot 3 uureide ]>e muneces of Burch to )?e king forjn iS
he uuolde under ]?eden % mynstr' to Clunie. sua ft te king
was welneh bepaht. ^ sende eft' J?e muneces. 3 ]?urh
Godes milce 3 J?ur )?e b' of Seresb'i y te b' of Line
^ te o]?re rice men J?e )?er wserou ]?a wiste ]?e king ^ he
feorde mid suicdo. pa he na mor ne mihte. J?a uuolde he %
his nefe sculde ben abb' in Burch. oc Xpist it ne uuolde.
Was it noht suithe lang ]?er eft' J>at te king sende eft' hi. 3
dide hi gyuen up % abb' rice of Burch 3 faren ut of lande.
^ te k m g jaf ^ abb'rice an prior of s' Neod Martin was
gehaten. he co on s' PET' messe dei mid micel wurscipe into
the minstre.
1135. On ]ns gsere for se king H* ouer sse set te Lamasse.
y ft o}>er dei ]?a he lai an slep in scip. )?a ]?estrede J?e dsei
ouer al landes and uuard J?e sunne suilc als it uuare thre
nihtald mone. an st'res abuten hi at middsei.
Here begins the final Continuator, which written literature is possible,
who wrote, probably, before 1160. His But it is just this combination of the
work has not much chronological ar- feeble with the strong, decrepit lan-
rangement, but it is full of vigour, ear- guage with indignant patriotism, that,
nestness, and pathos. The language is while it cripples the narrative, enforces
very rude. Saxon seems now to have the lamentation, and makes us regard
reached the lowest stage of decline at it with tenderness and reverence.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 261
Wurj?en men suifte ofuundred 3 ofdred 3 Sweden ft (A. 0.1135)
micel }>ing sculde cum her eft', sua dide. for |;at ilc gaer
warth ])& king ded. ft ofer dsei eft' s' Andreas masse daei on
Norm, pa westre sona J?as landes. for seuricman sone rce-
uede o]?er J?e mihte. pa namen his sune ^ his frend 3
brohten his lie to Engle P 3 bebiriend in Reding'. God man
he wes 3 micel geie wes of hi. Durste nan man mis don
wift ofter on his time. Pais he makede men ^ dser. Wua
sua bare his byrthen gold 3 sylure. durste na man sei to hi
naht bute god.
En mang }?is was his nefe cumen to Engle P Stephne de
Blais. 3 co to Lundene. 3 te Lundenisce folc hi under
feng. 3 senden seft' J?e serceb' WilPm Curbuil 3 halechede
hi to kinge on mide wintre dsei. On J?is kinges time wes al
unfrift ^ yfel "j rseflac. for agenes hi risen sona J?a rice
men ]?e wseron swikes. Alre fyrst Balduin de Reduers "3
held Execestre agenes hi. 3 te king it besa3t. 3 si^an
Bald ' acordede. pa tocan J?a oftre y helden her castles
agenes hi. y Dauid king of Scotland toe to uerrien hi. J>a
J?ohuuethere ]?at here sandes feorden betwyx heo. y hi to
gsedere comen ^ wuriSe ssehte. ]?o)7 it litel forstode.
1137. Bis gaere for ]?e k' Steph' ofer sse to Normandi ^
ther wes under fangen for]?i ^ hi uenden ft he sculde ben
alsuic alse the eo wes. 3 for he hadde get his tresor. ac he
to deld it "3 scatered sotlice. Micel hadde Henri k' gadered
gold 3 syluer. 3 na god ne dide me for his saule thar of.
pa king S' to Engle 1' co )?a macod he his gadering
set Oxeneford. 3 J?ar he na J>e V Roger of Sereb'i 3 Alex' tnt'
V of Lincol "3 te Canceler Rog' hise neues. y dide selle ct
in psun. til hi iafen up here castles, pa the suikes under
gseton ft he milde man was 3 softe 3 god. 3 na justise
ne dide. )?a dide hi allewunder. Hi hadden hi manred
maked 3 athes suoren. ac hi nan treuthe ne heolden. alle
he waeron forsworen and here treothes forloren. for seuric
rice man his castles makede y agaenes hi heoldeu. 3 fylden
J?e land ful of castles. Hi suencten suyfte J?e uurecce
men of ]?e land mid castel weorces. ]?a ]?e castles uuaren
maked |?a fylden hi mid deoules y yuele men. pa namen
hi J;a men ]?e hi wenden ft ani god hefden. bathe be nihtes
j be dseies. carl men and wlmen. 3 dideii heo in psun
262 THE LAUD MS. (E)
( A. D. 1 137) eft' gold 3 syluer. y pined heo. untellendlice pining, for ne
uuaeren naeure nan martyrs swa pined alse hi waeron. Me
henged up bi the fet 3 smoked heo mid ful smoke. Me
henged bi the ]?ubes. other bi the he fed. 3 hengen bryniges
her
on fet. Me dide cnotted strenges abuton here haeued. 3
uurythen to % it gsede to }?e hsernes. Hi dyden heo in
quarterne ]?ar nadres 3 snakes 3 pades waeron inne. 3
drapen heo swa. Sume hi diden in crucethus ft is in an
ceeste ]?at was scort 3 nareu. 3 undep. 3 dide scaerpe
stanes j?erinne. 3 J?rengde ]?e man J?ser inne. ft hi brsecon
alle ]?e limes. In mani of j?e castles waeron lof } gri. ft
wseron rachenteges ft twa oj>er thre men hadden onoh to
bseron onne. J?at was sua maced. ft is faestned to an beom.
3 diden an scaerp iren abuton J?a mannes throte and his
hals. ft he ne myhte nowiderwardes. ne sitten ne lien ne
slepen. oc baeron al ft iren. Mani Jmsen hi drapen mid
hungaer.
J ne can ne i ne mai tellen alle J?e wunder ne alle ]>e
pines ft hi diden wreccemen on j>is land. 3 ft lastede j?a
xix wintre wile Stephne was king 3 aeure it was uuerse 3
uuerse. Hi laeiden gaeildes o[n] the tunes aeureuwile 3
'clepeden it tenserie. )?a ]?e uureccemen ne hadden namore
to gyuen. ]?a rasueden hi 3 brendon alle the tunes, ft wel ]?u
myhtes faren all adaeis fare sculdest thu neure finden man
in tune sittende. ne land tiled, pa was corn daere. y flee
3 csese "3 butere. for nan ne waes o ]?e land. Wreccemen
sturuen of hungaer. sume ieden on aelmes J?e waren su wile
rice men. sume flugen ut of lande.
Wes nseure gaet mare wreccehed on land, ne naeure hethen
men werse ne diden ]?an hi diden. for ouersithon ne for
baren^nouther circe ne cyrceiserd. oc nam al )?e god ft )?ar
inne was. -3 brenden sythen ]?e cyrce y altegaedere. Ne
hi ne forbaren b'land ne abb' ne preostes. ac raeueden
munekes 3 clerekes. y aeuric man other )?e ouer myhte. Gif
twa men oj?er iii coman ridend to an tun. al }?e tunscipe
flugaen for heo. wenden ft hi waeron raeueres. pe biscopes
and lered men heo cursede aeure. oc was heo naht j?ar of. for
hi uuerori al forcursaed 3 forsuoren ^ forloren.
War sse me tilede. )?e erthe ne bar nan corn, for J?e land
was al for don. mid suilce daedes. 3 hi saeden openlice ft
THE LAUD MS. (E)
xrist slep. 3 his halechen. Suilc 3 mare )>anne we cunnen(A.D. 1137)
ssein. we ]?oleiiden xix wintre for ure sinnes.
On al J?is yuele time heold Martin abbot his abbot rice Sfturg'
xx wint' 3 half gaer y viii dseis. mid micel suinc. 3 fand
J?e munekes 3 te gestes al J?at heo behoued y heold mycel
carited in the hus. 3 )?o]?wethere wrohte on J>e circe 3
sette ]?arto landes 3 rentes. 3 goded it suythe 3 Iset
it refen 3 brohte heo into j?e neuuse mynst' on S' PETRES
msessedsei mid micel wurtscipe. $ was anno ab incarn D'
Mcxl. a cobustioe loci xxiii. And he for to Rome. 3 J?ser
wses wael under fangen fra ]?e pape Eugenie, and bega3t thare
puilegies. an of alle j?e landes of ]?abbotrice. 3 an o]?er of
j?e landes )?e lieu to )?e circe wican. ^ gif he leng moste liuen
alse he mint to don of ]?e horderwycan. And he beg99t in
landes |?at rice men hefden mid strengthe. of WilFm Malduit Ka
J?e heold Rogingha J?3e castel. he wan Cotingha 3 Estun. and DC &et)t>'
of Hugo of Walt'uile he uuan HyrtlingV. and Stanewig. ^ tie
Ix soF of Aldewfngle. And he makede manie munek'
plantede winiserd. 3 makede mani weorkes. 3 wende }?e tun
betere ]?an it ser wses. ^ wses god munec 3 god man. 3 for]?i
hi luueden God 3 gode men.
Nu we willen ssegen su del wat belamp on Steph' kinges 2^^ jfcc'o
time. On his time J?e Judeus of Noruuic bohton an xpisten SOTl'mo
cild beforen Estren 3 pineden hi alle )?e ilce pining % ure
Drihten was pined. 3 on langfridsei hi on rode hengen for
ure Drihtines luue. 3 sythen byrieden hi. Wenden % it sculde
ben forholen. oc ure Dryhtin atywede $ he was hali mr. 3
to munekes hi namen. and bebyried hi heglice in ]?e minstV
and he maket |?ur ure Drihtin wunderlice 3 manifaeldlice
miracles. 3 hatte he S' Willelm.
1138. On |?is gaer co Dauid king of Scotl' mid ormete
faerd to ]?is land, wolde winnan f>is land, and hi co to gaenes
WilFm eorl of Albamar J?e ]?e king adde beteht Euorwic
3 to other seuezmen mid fseumen and fuhten wid heo. 3
fleden )?e king set te Standard. 3 sloghen suithe micel of his
genge.
1140. On j?is gser wolde ]>e king Steph' tsecen Rodb't eorl
of Gloucestre ]?e kinges suue Henries, ac he ne myhte for he
wart it war.
per eft 5 in j?e lengten }>estrede )?e sunne "3 te daei. abuton
264 THE LAUD MS. (E)
(A.I). ti 4 o)nontid daeies, J>a men eten. $ me lihtede candles to seten bi.
and ]?at was xiii k' Ap'l. waaron men suythe ofwundred.
per eft' fordfeorde Will' aarceb* of Cantwarb'. 3 te king
makede Teodbald aarceV J?e was abbot in the Bee*
per eft* wsex suythe micel uuerre betuyx |?e king 3 Randolf
eorl of Csestre noht for J>i ft he ne iaf hi al ft he cuthe axen
hi. alse he dide alle othre. oc sefre )?e mare he iaf heo. (?e
wserse hi wseron hi. pe eorl heold Lincol agaanes ]?e king,
j bena hi al ft he ahte to hauen. ^ te king for f>ider 3
besa3tte hi 3 his brother Will'm de R[om]are in J?e castel.
3 te seorl stael ut 3 ferde eft' Rodb't eorl of Gloucestre. "j
brohte hi Jnder mid micel ferd. 3 fuhten suythe on Candel
masse daai agenes heore lauerd. 3 namen hi for his men him
suyken ^ flugaan. ^ laed hi to Bristowe 3 diden J?ar in psun.
^ . . . teres. pa was al EngleF styred mar j?an ser waes. y al
yuel wses in lande.
per eft' co J>e king' doht j Henries )?e hefde ben Emperice
in Alamanie. ^ nu wses cuntesse in Angou. y co to Lundene
3 te Lundenissce folc hire wolde teecen. y scse fleh y forles
)?ar micel.
per eft' ]?e biscop of Wincestre Henri j?e king' brother
Steph' spac wid Rodb't eorl 3 wyd J?eperice "3 suor heo
athas $ he neure ma mid te king his brother wolde halden.
3 cursede alle J?e men |?e mid hi heoldon. 3 saede heo $ he
uuolde iiuen heo up Wincestre. 3 dide heo cumen jnder.
pa hi fear inne wseren. J>a co J?e king' cuen [mid al] hire
strengthe. ^ besaat heo. ^ ]?er wass inne micel hungaer. pa
hi ne leng ne muhten )?olen j?a stali hi ut 3 flugen. ^ hi
wurthen war widuten 3 folecheden heo. ^ namen Rodb't eorl
of Glouc. ^j ledden hi to Rouecestre. ^ diden hi j?are in psun.
3 te emperice fleh into an minstre. pa feorden )?e wise men
betwyx j>e kinges freond ^ te eorles freond. y sahtlede sua
ft me sculde leten ut J?e king of psun for J?e eorl. 3 te eorl for
j?e king. 3 sua diden.
Sithen J?ereft' sahtleden J?e king 3 Randolf eorl at Stan
ford. 3 athes suoren 3 treuthes fseston ft hernouj?er sculde
be suiken other. 3 it ne for stod naht. for J?e king hi sithen
na in Hatun. J?urhc wicci rsed. ^ dide hi in psun. ^ ef sones
he let hi ut Jmrhc waarse red. to ft forewarde ft he suor on
halido i gysles fand. J?at he alle his castles sculde iiuen up.
THE LAUD MS. (E) 265
Sume he iaf up 3 surne ne iaf he noht. 3 dide ]?anne wserse (A. D. 1140)
J?anne he haer sculde.
pa was Engleland suythe to deled, sume helden mid te
king. 3 sume mid }?eperice. for ]?a J?e king was iu psun ]?a
wenden j?e eorles 3 te rice men ]?at he neure mare sculde
cum ut. 3 saehtleden wyd J?eperice. 3 brohten hire into Oxen
ford. 3 iauen hire ]?e burch. pa J?e king was ute ]?a herde
$ saegen. 3 toe his feord ^ besaet hire in J?e tur. 3 me laet
hire dun on niht of J>e tur mid rapes, y stal ut. 3 scae fleh 3
ieede on fote to Walingford.
peer eft' scee ferde ouer sae. 3 hi of Normandi wenden
alle fra J?e king, to }?e eorl of Angseu. sume here J>ankes 3
sume here un)?ankes. for he besaet heo til hi a iauen up here
castles. 3 hi nan helpe ne haefden of ]?e k'.
pa ferde Eustace ]?e king 7 sune to France ^ na J?e king 7
suster of France to wife, wende to bigzeton Normandi |?ser
Jmrh. oc he spedde litel. y be gode rihte for he was an
yuel man. for warese he [com he] dide mare yuel ]?anne
god. he reuede J?e landes 3 laeide micfele gildejs on. he
brohte his wif to Engleland. 3 dide hire in j>e caste
teb'. eod wiman sca3 wses. oc scse hedde litel blisse mid hi.
3 Xpist ne wolde iS he sculde lange rixan. 3 wserd ded ^ his
moder beien.
"3 te eorl of Angseu wserd ded. y his sune Henri toe to J?e
rice. *] te cuen of France todselde fra J>e king. 3 scae co to
J?e iunge eorl Henri, y he toe hire to wiue. 3 al Peitou mid
hire, pa ferde he mid micel faerd into Engleland. 3 wan
castles. 3 te king ferde agenes hi mid micel mare ferd. 3
]?oj>w33there fuhtten hi iioht. oc ferden ]?e a3rceb 7 ^ te wise
me" betwux heo. 3 makede $ sahte $ te king sculde ben
lauerd 3 king wile he liuede. ^ seft' his dsei ware Henri king.
3 he helde hi for fader ^ he hi for sune. "3 sib 3 ssehte sculde
ben betwyx heo. 3 on al Engleland. pis 3 te othre foruuardes
J>et hi makeden. suoren to halden j?e king 3 te eorl 3 te b' &
te eorles 3 rice men alle. pa was J>e eorl under fangen aet
Wincestre 3 set Lundene mid micel wurtscipe. y alle diden
hi man red. ^ suoren j?e pais to halden. ^ hit ward sone suythe
god pais. sua i$ neure was here, pa was ]>e k 7 strengere
Jeanne he seuert her was. 3 te eorl ferde ouer sac. ^ al folc hi
luuede for he dide god iustise ^ makede pais.
M m
266 THE LAUD MS. (E)
1154. On )?is gser wserd j?e king Steph' ded 3 bebyried
)?er his wif 3 his sune wseron bebyried aet Fauresfeld. f>aet
minstre hi makeden. pa )>e king was ded. ]?a was j?e eorl
beionde see. 3 ne durste nan man don o]?er bute god for
j?e micel eie of hi. pa he to Engleland co. j?a was he under
fangen mid micel wurtscipe. and to king bletcsed in Lundene
on J>e Sunnen dsei be foren midwintMeei. and held }?ser micel
curt.
pat ilce dsei J?at Mart' abb' of Burch sculde J?ider faren. )?a
sseclede he 3 ward ded iv NO. Jan. ^ te munek' innen dseis
cusen o)?er of heo saalf. Will'm de Walt'uile is gehaten. god
clerc y god man. 3 wsel luued of )?e k' ^ of alle gode men.
and o[n cyricjen byrie' J>abb' hehlice ^ sone J?e cosan aV ferde
^ te muneces [mid him to] Oxen ford to j?e king [and he] iaf
hi J>at abb'rice. ^ he ferde hi sone [to Linc]ol y was ]>cer
bletcaed to abbot ser he ham come. 3 sithen was under fangen
mid micel wurtscipe at Burch. mid micel pcessiun. "3 sua he
was alsua at Ramesaeie. 3 at Torn'. 3 at ... 3 Spall' 3 at
S.I. bares. 3 3 WM * abbot. ^ /ir haued begunnon.
Xpus
END OF MS. E.
To give tJie whole of the historical material
preserved in the series of Saxon Chronicles,
a few more supplementary pieces,
for which no place was found
in the body oftfie work,
are added in the
Appendix.
APPENDIX.
I. F 796. continued from the asterisk on page 58.
796. . . . And let him pycan ut his eagan. and ceorfan of his
handa. Ond A'Selard arceb' of Cantwareb' sette syno^S. and ge-
trymde and gefaestnode. 8urh Sas papan heese Leones. ealle 'Sa 'Sing
be Codes mynstran. 'Sa wseron gesett be Wihtgares dsege. and be
o'Sra cinga dsege. and ^us cwseft. Ic A'Selard. eadmod arceb' of
Cantwareb'i. mid anmodan rsede ealles sino'Ses. and mid ealra 'Sare
gegaderungse ealra 'Sara mynstra ^a be ealdan dagan frignesse was
geauen fram geleaffullan mannum. on Godes naman. and 'Surh his
bifigendan dom. ic bebeode swa swa ic hsese habbe of 'San papan
Leone. $ heononforS nan ne dyrstlaBce ceosan him hlauordas of
Isewedan mannan ouer Godes erfwyrSnysse. Ac eal swa swa hit ys
on San gewrite Se se papa hsefi5 giuen. oSSe Sa haligan weras ge-
setton. 'Se beoS ure feederas and ure lareowas be haligum mynstrum.
swa hi beliuon unawemed butan selcre anssece. Gif seni mann ys
'S |)is Godes and urses papan and ure bebod healdan nelle. ac
farseo^ and far naht healda'S. witan hi 6 hi sculon gifan gescead to
foran Godes domsetle. And ic A'Selhard arceb'. mid twelf biscopan.
and mid )>rim and twentigan abbodan. |>is ylce mid rodetacne Cristes
getrima'S and gefeestnia.
II. A curious note (peculiar toF) of the traditions of Christ Church,
Canterbury. In Saxon and Latin : from the margin of F.
870. ... Da ferde ^ESered cing to and Alfred his broker, and
naman ^E^elred Wiltunscire b'. and settan hine to arceb' to Cantuare
b'i. forSan he was ser munec of 'San ylcan mynstre of Cantwareb'i.
Ealswa hraSe swa he com to Cantuareb'i and he warS getremmed
on his arce stole. ]>a he Sohte hu he mihte ut adrsefan Sa clericas J>e
M m 2
268 APPENDIX.
]?ar binnan . a . . . . ]>a se arceb' CeolrioS ]>ar biforan sette far swylcre
neode ge . ft . . swa we seggan wyllaS. Das forman geares ]>e he
to arceb' geset was. j>a wearS swa mycel man cwealm )? of eallan
J>a muneca |>e he ]?ar binnan ftmde. na belifan na ma )>one fif
munecas. Da far ]>are and .... ge he his hand preostas. and eac
sume of his tun prestan. }> hi scoldan helpan )>a feawan munecan
J>e jjar bylifen wseran to donne Xpes Seowdom. for 'San he na inihte
swa ferlice munecas findan. )?a mihtan be bed sylfum Jxme ^eowdom
don. and far Syssen he het f ^a prestas )>a hwile eal }> God giefe
sibbe on J>is lande J>a munecan helpan scoldan. To J>an ylcan
timan was ]>is land swyjje geswent mid gelomlican feohten. and
farj)i se arceb' na ]>ar embe beon. far 'San ealne his timan was
gewinn and sorhge ofer England, and for]?i belifan ]?a clericas mid
'San munecan. Nas nsefre nan tima -f |>ar nseran munecas binnan.
and a?fre hefdan j>one hlafordscipe ofor $a prestas. Eft se arceb'
Ceoln' ]>ohte and eac to )>an ^e mid him wseran saede. eal swa
hraj>e swa God gif|? sibbe on )>isan lande. o^e J>as prestas scolan
munecas beon. oftfte ca. ellos hwar munecas eal swa fela don binnan
J>a minstre wylle ^ magan ]>one 'Seowad be heom sylfan don. far
'San God wat % ic
Cum autem venisset Cantuariam, statim cogitare ccepit quomodo
possit eicere clericos de ecclesia Christi, quos Ceolnothus pro tali
necessitate compulsus ibi posuit. Primo igitur anno ordinationis
suse tanta mortalitas facta est in ecclesia Christi, ut de tota congre-
gatione monachorum non remanerent nisi quinque. Qua de causa
quia ita subito non potuit invenire tot monachos qui ibi servitium
Dei facere possent, ex simplicitate cordis praecepit capellanis clericis
suis, ut essent cum eis usque quo Deus paciticaret terram, quse tune
nimis erat turbata propter nimias tempestates bellorum. Accepit
etiam de villis suis presbiteros, ut essent cum monachis, ita tamen
ut nionachi semper haberent dominatum super clericos. Cogitavit
idem archiepiscopus et saepe suis dixit, quia statim cum Deus pacem
nobis dederit, aut isti clerici monachi fient, aut ego ubicumque
monachos inveniam quos reponam. Scit enim Deus inquid, quod
aliter facere non possum. Sed nunquam temporibus suis pax fuit in
Anglia, et ideo remanserunt clerici cum monachis, nee ullo tempore
fuit ecclesia sine monachis. Sed nee iste ^Seredus archiepiscopus
potuit facere.
APPENDIX. 269
III. This is a little Mercian Register of a period of twenty years,
and may be styled "The Annals of JE^elfl&d." It was unskilfully
jointed into B and C after date, and so stands out conspicuous and
isolated from the midst of the surrounding compilation. But the
compiler of MS. D made selections from this piece, and mingled
them with materials from other sources, digesting the compound
into chronological order. So that we have here the opportunity of
contemplating a portion of our history both in its earlier isolated
and in its later compiled aspect.
The MSS. B and C, after closing the year 915 (918 K), fetch back
to 902, and introduce the present episode, which may be considered
to close at 921. Barren from 921 to 924, they here fall in again
with the usual current of history, and relate the death ofEadweard
(!S 925), but in a manner of their own. Both are then vacant
for ten years, and to exhibit their poverty at this point, the extract
has been continued two annals beyond the termination of the Mer-
cian Register or Annals of jE^elflced.
The text is from C, and at the foot are given the variations ofB.
902. Her EalhswrS 1 forttferde. and }>y 2 ilcan gere wees ty gefeoht
set ]>am Holme Cantwara and )>ara Deniscra.
904. Her mona a]>ystrode 3.
905. Her setywde4 cometa.
907- Her waes Ligcester5 ge edniwod.
909. Her wses see Oswaldes He gelseded 6 of Beardanigge on
Myrce.
910. On jjysum gere 7 Engle and Dene gefuhton 8 set Teotanheale
and Engle sige namon9. and J>y ilcan geare JESelflsed 10 getimbrede
J>a burh set Bremesbyrig.
911. Da &ses oj>res geares gefor Jeered Myrcna hlaford.
912. Her com J5j>elflsed Myrcna hlsefdige on pone halgan sefen
Inventione see crucis to Scergeate. and }>ser ^a burh getimbrede. and
jjses ilcan geares pa 11 set Bricge.
913. Her Gode forgyfendum I2 for ^Epelflsed Myrcna hlsefdige
mid eallum Myrcum to TamaweorSige. and \>& 1 3 burh pairH getim-
1 Ealhswyft. 2 J>y ilcan geare. 3 afteostrode. 4 oj>ywde.
r > Ligceaster geedneowad. 6 gelsedd. ^ geare. ^ gefuhtan.
9 naman. 10 j/E^elflsed. U J>a. 12 forgifendum. 13 J>a.
14 -5ter.
270 APPENDIX.
brede. on foreweardne sumor. and baes foran tohlaf 'Smaessan. ba set
Staef forda.
914. pa 'Sees 16 obre geare ha 1 / set Eades byrig on foreweardne
sumor. and bses ilcan geres 18 eft on ufeweardne hserfest ba J 9 set
Wsering wicum *.
915. pa Sacs 21 o)>re geare on ufan midne winter j>a 22 set Cyric
byrig. and ba 2 3 set Weard byrig. and $y ilcan gere^ foran to middan
wintra ba set Rumcofan 2 5.
916. Her waes 26 Ecgbriht abbud unscyldig ofslegen foran to
middan sumera. on xvi kl' IVL'. by ilcan daege waes see Ciricius
tid 2 7 bses 'Sroweres. mid his geferum. and ^aes embe }>reo * 8 niht
sende ^Ebelflsed fyrde 2 9 on Wealas. and abrsec Brecenan mere and
baer genam t5a3s3 cinges wif3* feower and ftritiga sume.
917. Her .^Ebelflsed Myrcna hlaefdige Gode fultumgendum3 2 foran
to hlsefmsessan begeat j?a burh mid eallum )>am e J>ser to 33 hyrde.
j>e ys haten34 Deoraby. |)32r waeron eac ofslegene hyre }>egna feower
Se hire besorge wseron binnan J?am35 gatum.
918. Her heo begeat on hire geweald mid Godes fultume3 6 on
foreweardne gear gesybsumlice37 J>a burh aet Ligra3 8 ceastre. and
se msesta dsel |>8es herges )>e t5ser39 to hirde4 wearS under]?eoded4 I
and hasfdon eac4 2 Eforwicingas hire gehaten43 and sume onwedde
geseald. sume mid ajmm gefsestnod -f hi 44 on hyre 45 rsedenne beon
woldon46. Ac swi'Se47 hrsedlice JJSBS t5e hi4 8 jjaes geworden hsefde
heo gefor. xii nihtun49 ser middan sumera. binnan Tamaweorjjige
o*y5 eahtoj>an geare |>8es %e$ l heo Myrcna anweald5 2 mid riht
hlaford dome healdende wses. and hyre lie IrS 53 binnan Gleaw
cestre54 on J>am east portice see Petres cyrcean55.
919. Her eac wearS ^EJ>eredes dohtor5 6 Myrcna hlafordes selces
anwealdes57 on Myrcum benumen. and on West Sexe aleded5 8 . ]>rim
wucum 9er middan 59 wintra. seo waes haten .^Elfwyn.
15 hlaf. 16 a J>aes. 17 > a ; 18 geares. 19 J>a. 20 wicon.
21 $a >ses. 22 J? a . 23 }> a . 24 J>y ilcan geare. 25 Rum cofan.
26 wearS. 27 tid. 28 J>a;s ymb iii. 29 fyrd. 30 ^ges. 31 wif.
32 fultmigendum. 33 )?8erto. 34 \>Q is hatan Deoraby. and \>&r wseron
eac ofslegene hire. 35 -gam. 36 fultome. 37 gear gesimbsumlice.
38 Legra. 39 J>ser. 40 hyrde. 41 >yded. 42 eac. 43 Eoforwic
(no more) gehaten. 44 hie. 45 hire. 46 beon woldan. 47 swi}>e.
48 j?e hie. 49 nihtu. 50 Taman weor-Se J?y. 51 > e . 52 anwald.
r '3 He lij). 54 ceastre. 55 ciricean. 56 dohtar. 57 onwealdes.
58 alseded. 59 ger middum.
APPENDIX. 271
921.f Her Eadweard cing getimbrede }>a burh eet Clede mu)>an.
924. Her Eadweard cing gefor 60 on Myrcum set Fearndune. and
-^Elfwerd 61 his sunu swiSe hra'Se 62 jjses gefor 6 3. set Oxna forda.
and hira lie IPS 6 4 set Wintan ceastre. and ^E)>elstan 6 5 waes of
Myrcum gecoren to cinge. and aet Cingestune 66 gehalgod. and he
geaf his sweostor 6 7
934. Her for JE]>elstan 68 cing on Scot land a?g]>er ge mid land
here ge mid scyphere and his micel ofer hergode.
t 921. This Annal not in B.
60 gefor. 61 ^Elfweard. 62 swi>e hraj>e. 63 J>se S gefor.
64 heora licgaft. 65 ^J>estan. 6(5 tune. 67 swystor cf. D. p. in.
IV. A fragment supplied from D (F).
1021. . . (E) . . . * And JElfgar b'. se selmesfulla. for^ferde on
Cristes msesse uhtan.
V. The piece promised in the foot-note, page 208.
1066. Secundo anno ordinationis suse [Lanfrancus] Romam
ivit, quern papa Alexander in tantum honoravit, ut ei contra
morem assurgeret ; et duo Pallia, ob signum prsecipui amoris,
tribueret. Quorum unum Romano more ab altare accepit ;
alterum vero ipse Papa, unde missas celebrare consueverat,
sua manu porrexit. In cujus prsesentia Thomas de primatu
Cantuariensis Ecclesise, et de subjectione quorundam Episco-
porum calumniam movit ; quse qualem finem postea in Anglia
accepit, Lanfrancus breviter et absolute scribit in Epistola,
quam prsefato Alexandro Papse direxit. Hoc quoque anno
generale consilium Wentonia3 celebratum, in quo et Vultiri-
cum, novi Monasterii Abbatem deposuit ; multaque de Chri-
stianse religionis cultu servanda instituit. Post dies paucos,
in Lundonia Osbernum Essecistrensem Episcopum, et Can-
tuarise Scotlandum Ecclesire sancti Augustini Abbatem sa-
cravit.
APPENDIX.
Tertio anno, in Cloeciatria sacravit Petrum, Licifeldensem
sive Cestrensem Episcopum. Hoc quoque anno habitum est
magnum placitum in loco qui dicitur Pinenden ; in quo
Lanfrancus diratiocinatur, se suamque Ecclesiam omnes ter-
ras, et consuetudines suas ita liberas, terra marique habere ;
sicut Eex habet suas, exceptis tribus ; videlicet, si regalis via
fuerit effosa; si arbor incisa juxta super earn ceciderit; si
homicidium factum, et sanguis in ea fusus fuerit : in iis qui
deprehensus est, et ab eo pignus acceptum fuerit ; Regi enim
dabit ; alioquin liber a Regis exactoribus erit.
Quarto anno, Patricium Dublinise civitati in Hibernia
sacratum Episcopum Lundonise, a quo et professionem acce-
pit ; et literas ei deferendas regibus Hibernise, dignas valde
memorise contradidit.
Quinto anno, generale Concilium Lundonise celebratum :
cujus gestionem, rogatu multorum. literis commendavit.
Sexto anno, dedit Hernosto Monacho in Capitulo Ecclesiae
Christi Ecclesiam Rofensem regendam, quern et Lundonise
sacravit. Wentonia3 Concilium celebratum : et Hernostus hoc
ipso anno ab hac vita migravit.
Septimo anno, Gundulfo Ecclesiam Rofensem tradidit;
quern etiam Cantuarise sacravit. Hoc quoque anno misit ei
literas Thomas Archiepiscopus Eboracensis; in quibus rogavit
ut sibi mitterentur duo Episcopi ad consecrandum Clericum
quendam, qui ei literas de Horgadis insulis detulit ; ut ipsa-
rum insularum Episcopus consecretur. Cujus petitioni Lan-
francus annuens, mandavit Wulstano Wigorniensi, et Petro
Cestrensi Episcopis, ut Eboracum irent, et cum Thoma tan-
tarn rem complere satagerent.
Octavo anno, Concilium Lundoniae celebratum, in quo Ail-
nodum Glastingensis coenobii Abbatem deposuit.
Anno undecimo, celebratum Concilium apud Claudiam
civitatem, ubi et Thomas Archiepiscopus Eboracensis, jubente
Rege, et Lanfranco consentiente, sacravit Wilielmum Dunel-
mensem Episcopum, eo quod a Scotorum Episcopis qui sibi
subjecti sunt, habere adjutorium non potuit. Hujus ministe-
rii cooperatores fuerunt, Lanfranco prsecipiente, Wolstanus,
Osbernus, Giso, Rotbertus, Episcopi. Eo quoque tempore,
misit in Ilibcruiam Donnaldo Episcopo literas, sacrse doctrinse
pinguedine refertas.
APPENDIX. 273
Sexto decimo anno, sacravit Donatum monachum suum
Cantuariae, ad regnum Dublinise, petente Rege, clero, et
populo HiberniaB, quibus etiam literas exhortatorias misit.
Hoc quoque anno, apud Cleucestriam Concilium celebravit,
in quo Wulfecetelum Crulandensis coenobii Abbatem depo-
suit. Rotbertum Cestrensem, et Willielmum Helmeanensem
simul uno die Episcopos Cantuarise sacravit. Mauritium
Lundoniensi Ecclesise apud Wentoniam consecravit ; qui
sacratus, post paucos dies matri suse Ecclesiae Cantuariensi,
cum honestis muneribus, se preesentavit.
Octavo decimo anno, mortuo Rege Wilielmo trans mare,
filium ejus Wilielmum sicut pater constituit Lanfrancus,
in Regem elegit, et in Ecclesia beati Petri, in occidental!
parte Lundonise sita, sacravit, et coronavit. Eodem anno
Godefridum Cicestrensis Ecclesise Antistitem ; et Widonem
Ecclesise S. Augustini Abbatem ; et Johannem Wellensi Ec-
clesias Episcopum Cantuariae in sede Metropoli examinavit,
atque sacravit. In crastino hujus consecrationis Widonem
Abbatem per semetipsum Lanfrancus, associate sibi Odone
Baiocensi Episcopo fratre Regis qui tune Cantuariam
venerat, ad S. Augustinurn duxit : maudatis fratribus ejus-
dem Ecclesise, quatenus eum susciperent, ut proprium Abba-
tem, atque pastorem : qui unanimiter animati responderunt,
se illi nee velle subesse, nee ilium suscipere. Venit itaque
Lanfrancus adducens Abbatem ; et cum Monachos pertina-
citer videret resistere, nee ei velle parere; praecepit ut omnes,
qui sibi nollent obedire, continuo exirent. Exierunt ergo
pariter fere omnes, et Lanfrancus cum suis, Abbatem hono-
rifice introductum, in sede locavit; et Ecclesiam commendavit.
Priorem autem ejusdem Ecclesise nomine .ZElfwinum, et alios,
quos voluit, cepit : et Cantuariam claustrali custodia servandos
protenus transmisit : eos vero qui fortiores. et caput scandali
extiterant, in castellum duci, ibique in carcere custodiri
praecepit. Cumque omnibus rite peractis domum rediret,
nunciatum est ei Monachos, qui exierant, sub castro, secus
Ecclesiam S. Miltrudae consedisse. Quibus mandavit ut, si
vellent, ante horam nonam, ad Ecclesiam impune redirent :
sed si illam praeterirent, non jam libere, sed ut fugitivi reve-
nirent. Hoc audito, in ambiguo habebant redire, vel rema-
nere. Hora autem refectionis, cum esurirent, plures ex iis
N ri
274 APPENDIX,
poenitentes sua? pertinacise, ad Lanfrancum raiseruut, et ei
omnein obedientiam promiserunt. Quibus continue pepercit,
mandans ut redirent. et professionem suam prsefato Abbati
se servaturos sacramento confirm arent. Itaque redierunt, et
se deinceps fore fideles, et obedientes Widoni Abbati super
corpus beati Augustini juraverunt. Qui vero remanserant
cepit Lanfrancus, et per Ecclesias Angliee divisit; constrinxit,
donee eos obedientiam profiteri coegit. Circa idem tempus
zEluredum unum ex illis vagantem fugiendo cepit, et Can-
tuarise in sede metropoli, cum quibusdam sociis illius, qui
Abbati malum moliti sunt, ferro cornpeditos. multis diebus
rigorem ordinis in claustro discere fecit : sed postquam suffi-
cienter humiliati sunt, ut sestimatum est, et emendationem
promiserunt, raisertus eoruin Lanfrancus de singulis locis,
quo eos disperserat. prsecepit reduci; et suo Abbati recon-
ciliari.
Eodem anno, dissentione reiterata, perniciem Abbati clam
machinati sunt ; et dum unus ex eis, nomine Columbanus,
deprehensus fuisset, jussit eum Lanfrancus sibi adduci. Cum-
que coram eo astaret, interrogavit si Abbatem uoluisset peri-
mere. Qui confestirn, Si, inquit, potuissem, pro certo eum
interfecissem. Praecepit itaque Lanfrancus, ut ante portas
beati Augustini, spectaute populo, ligaretur nudus, flagellis
afficeretur : deinde prseciso capitio, ab urbe pelleretur. Factum
est ut imperavit, et ex hoc, inquietudinem casterorum, donee
vixit, sua formidine quassavit.
Nono decimo anno, defunctus est Lanfrancus venerabilis
Archiepiscopus, et sepultus est in sede Metropoli Cantuaria3 ;
qui in sede Poutificali sedit annis decem et octo mensibus
ix duobus diebus. De cujus actibus, asdificiis, eleemosynis,
laboribus, scriptura quas in ejus auniversario legitur ex
parte commemorat. Multa enim erant valde. Post ejus
obitum, Monachi S. Augustini, prsefato Abbati suo Widoni
palam resistentes, cives Cantuarise contra eum concitaverunt ;
qui ilium armata manu in sua domo interimere tentaverunt.
Cujus familia cum resisteret, pluribus utrinque vulneratis, et
quibusdam interfectis, vix Abbas inter manus illorum illsesus
evasit ; et ad matrem Ecclesiam, quasrendo auxilium, Can-
tuariam fugit. Hujus facti fama citati suffraganei ejnsdem
Ecclesia3, Walkelmus Wentanus et Gundulfus Rofensis Epi-
APPENDIX. 275
scopi, Cantuariam, cum quibusclam nobilibus, quos miserat
Rex, veniimt : ut tantse off'ensse vindictam adhibeant. Audi-
tis ergo rationibus seditionis, Monachi k culpa excusari non
poterant : quos coram populo subire disci plinam, quia palam
peccaverant, ii qui advenerant, decreverunt : sed Prior, et
Monachi Ecclesiae Christi, pietate moti restiterunt ; ne si
palam punirentur infames deinceps fierent ; sicque eorurn
vita ac servitus contemneretur. Igitur concessum est, ut
in Ecclesia fieret, ubi non populus, sed soli ad hoc electi
admitterentur. Vocati sunt ad hoc Monachi Ecclesiee Christi,
Wido videlicet, et Normannus, qui disciplinam ad Episcopo-
rum imperium intulerunt. Deinde divisi sunt per Ecclesias
Angliae, et loco illorum xxiv Monachi Ecclesise Christi ad-
missi, cum Priore nomine Antonio, qui Sub-prioratus officio
Cantuarise fungebatur. Gives vero, qui Abbatis curiain ar-
mata manu intraverant, capti; et qui se ab ejus impugnatione
purgare non poteraut, oculos amiserunt.
Post obitum Lanfranci caruit Ecclesia Christi Pastore qua-
tuor annis mensibus ix et diebus ix in quibus multa adversa
perpessa est. Anno vero Dominicse incamationis mxciii datus
est Pontificatus Cantuarberise Anselmo Beccensi Abbati, ii
Non. Martii, viro probo, bono, apprime erudito, et sui tem-
poris nominatissimo. Venit autem Cantuariam vii kal. Octob.
multis eum causis rationabilibus detinentibus, quod prius ve-
nire nolebat ; et sacratus est ii Non. Decemb.
N n 2
NOTES
The letters t, h, m, I, b, attached to the figure of a page, mean top,
high, middle, low, bottom.
NOTES
p 2 1. Wesseaxna] This is the form which survives in
the name of Wessex. The form without the t occurs in many
places in IS and its earlier successors ; but never in E. E. g. p 4 :
A. D. 560, 6n, 643, 650, 670, 827, 836. In 855, C exhibits the
archaic form, where S has the t. It has been questioned whether
Wes- had the same meaning as the later West- ; and this doubt
would apply also to the parallel case of the Visigoths =Westgoths.
Forstemann, Ortsnamen, p 133, treats the identity as certain, and
produces Visula and Bisula as acknowledged forms of the river-name
Vistula, which river he supposes was once the western boundary of
the Gothic tribes.
p 3 t. gej?eode] gej>eodu D. This word means, not nations or
peoples, but languages. The translators have been misled by the
sequel, which goes on to speak of them as peoples ; following Beda
in rough epitome. The Latin of fif gej?eode is quinque gentium
linguis. Gens, natio is J>eod, but gej>eod is the national language :
cf. Matth. i. 23. on ure ge]?eode = in our speech. As j?eod was thus
affected by the prefix ge-, so by the suffix -isc : J>eodis?c= language,
both in A. S. (Boeth. 19) and in the continental dialects; whence
Theotiscus, Tedesco, Deutsch, Dutch.
Among the five languages used in Britain, Beda enumerated
Latin. A glance at his text will shew that this would be included
quite naturally from his point of view, which was to enumerate the
languages used in this island in the services of religion. In D, the
list stands unaltered ; but E, who did not go to the original, but
copied from (such as) D, not catching the idea, tried to make five
280 NOTES
languages in the common secular sense, and therefore he resolved
the Bryt Wylsc of D into two, Brittisc and Wilsc. The sense
which he attached to this distinction was Welsh and Cornish. See 835
and foot-note. We find Wales called Brytland in 1063, 1086 (p 222).
This alteration of E was followed by F.
Book-Latin is the usual but inapt rendering of Boc-Leden.
Book-language would be a truer equivalent. Already, before the
date of D, had the word Leden attained that ' Common-Noun' state,
in which it equalled language in general, or a strange, mysterious,
learned language in particular ; and from which it was able to form
its derivative Latimer=an interpreter. See Genesis xi. 6. Dis is
an folc and ealle hig spreca'S an Lyden=This is one folk and they
all speak one language. The determinative Boc- would not have
been prefixed, so long as Leden was regarded as a Proper Name.
In Chaucer, Squier's Tale, it is used of the discourse of birds.
p 3 h. Scithiam] Meaning Scandinavia, or as it is expressed in
Smith's note in Beda i. i. " Scythiam citeriorem." The tendency
to transform names into those of classical celebrity is seen just above,
where Armenia stands for Armorica.
P3l. Scotta sumdael gewat of Ybernian on Brittene] =
Some of the Scots emigrated from Hibernia into Britain. And that
emigration proved the cause of transferring the national name.
The name of Scotland appears to date from the eleventh century ;
previously it was ' Albania.' In the Saxon Chronicles we find earlier
mention of the Scots' in the north of Britain, as at 684, 937 ; but
we do not find ' Scotland' until 1066 (p 201). The Scots' in 891
are plainly those in Hibernia.
p 3 b. Reoda from ]?am heo sind genemnode Dsel
Beodi] The Irish authorities give a different account of this
name. They say that British Dalrieda (a kingdom comprehending a
large part of South -Western Scotland, namely, Argyle, Kantire, &c.,
founded by an Irish colony A. D. 503) was named from the territory
of Dalrieda in Antrim, because its chiefs were from the Irish
Dalrieda.
It was probably the Dalriedan king who gave lona to Columbkille,
and not the Picts, as stated by Beda. King's Hist, of Irish Church
vol. i. p 85, referring to Lanigan ii. 159.
425 E. A Latin Chronicle, apparently Prankish, of which we
have had instalments above, is incorporated from time to time.
Faramundus in Prankish story is the traditional name of the
founder of the monarchy. His personality was doubted by De Thou ;
and Sorel (La Bibliotheque Franqoise, Paris, 1667, p 373) went so
NOTES 281
far as to say : " On est fort peu asseure si Pharamond fut jamais au
monde." Buckle, Civilization, p 705.
Patricius]
430 X. Palladius] This mistaken correction by the interpolator
a, was probably borrowed from some MS. like E, the only one that
reads Patricius. It is the only notice of S. Patrick in the Saxon
Chronicles. As to Palladius and Patricius, see some annals of Ma-
rianus in Monumenta Historica Britannica, P523 foot. Also Nennius
c. 55 and 56. The earliest authority is said to be Prosper, who was
a contemporary of Palladius and Patricius. The date given for the
preaching of S. Patrick is 43 1, the year after the mission of Palladius.
The proximity of the dates, and the comparative obscurity of Palla-
dius, led to the substitution of S. Patrick in his place. Prosperi Chro-
nicon apud H. Canisium. Lect. Ant. vol. i. pjoi. Ed. Basnage.
457 R" Crecgan ford] In margin of C is written in an Elizabethan
hand : nunc creyford non longe a dartford&ud at top of page,
partly cut away in binding : Crea fl intrat [?] ...... dartford,
ejusque fons est ad orpyngton, super earn sunt seint Mary
crey, powles crey, north crey, beckesley $* creaforde. This and
some other notes, (chiefly topographical) in C, may possibly belong
to the collection of material for Camden's Britannia; but the hand-
writing is unknown. See Introduction, description of C. Infra 477,
49 1 ' 577' 59 T 6 48> 673, 679, 685, 752, 763, 822, 874, 875, 878,
880, 893, 894 (p 93).
477 K. Cissa] ab hoc Cissa puto Chichester dictam Cissan-
ceast' C marg. : cf. note on 45 7 S.
477- Cymenes ora] Camden and, after him, Gibson say this
place must have been near Wittering on the coast of Sussex. They
rely on a Charter which Kemble (Cod. Dipl. 992) has marked as
spurious, but which was no doubt constructed with a regard for pro-
bability. In it this name occurs as Cumeneshora, a form which
countenances Ingram's guess that Shoreham is the place ; quasi
491 IS. Andredes cester] Hcec (ut puto) ab hoc Cissa post
dicta est Cissanceaster C marg. In Cod. Dipl. 1094 there is a
Cissanbeorh. The site of Andredes ceaster is discussed in Archseol.
Journal, vol. iv. p 203 ; and decided in favour of Pevensey.
508. Natanleod] This is equivalent to Naiton Rex (Pictorum
Beda v. 21) or Wectanus Hex in Annals of Tighernac 717 (Ann.
Ulster 716). There is also a Nechtain Ann. Ulst. 709. The indices
to the Irish Annalists will give sundry others in the seventh and.
eighth centuries. This name Natan, Naiton, Nechtain was evi-
o o
282 NOTES
dently a name frequently borne by Keltic princes. It entered also
into names of places : Dunnichen near Forfar is identified with the
Duin Nechtain of Tighernac 686 quoted below, note on 685 E.
The word leod is identical with clwydd or 11wy6.=prince ; which is
seen in the Welsh compound Arglwydd = Lord : and which is so
well known as a family name of Welsh extraction Lloyd. See
Garnett's Philological Essays, p 329.
I copy from Mr. Hawker, Vicar of Morwenstow, the following
Cornish illustration of this name : " In a rocky Glen, midway between
the Castles of Eottreaun and Dundagel, there is a Fall of Waters
into a hollow Cauldron of native Stone, which has borne for Ten
Centuries the Name of St. Nectan's Kieve. He was the brother of
St. Morwenna, and like her a famous Saint of this Northern Shore.
He founded the Stations of Hartland and Wellcombe ; and be-
queathed his Name to other Sacred Places along the Sea, in the
Former Ages of Cornish Faith." The Quest of the Sangraal. Exeter
1864. Appendix A.
Since the above was written I am glad to discover from a note on
p 56 of Mr. Pearson's Early and Middle Ages of England, that Dr.
Guest has already given this sense to leod in Philolog. Trans, vol. i.
No. 2. He translates Natan-leod, king of the Nattas.
534. There was in the time of Edward the Elder, a barrow at
Stoke near Hurstbourne (Hants) known as Ceardiees beorg, the
hill or (?) barrow of Cerdic. Cod. Dipl. 1077. For this remark I am
indebted to an article in the Archaeological Journal, July 1 85 7 a
posthumous paper of Mr. Kemble, who has rendered such services
to our early literature and history by his Translation of Beowulf and
other works ; but above all by the invaluable store of materials he has
brought together in the Codex Diplomaticus JEvi Saxonici.
556. Beranbyrg] Probably Barbury Camp between Swindon
and Marlborough. " This is a large camp, in excellent preservation.
It is nearly circular, and girdled by a double ring of ditch and
rampart ; the inner very strong, sloping full 50 feet to the bottom
of the ditch." Murray's Hand Book, Wilts.
577. This Annal with that of 584 record two important steps
in the advance of the West Saxons upon the British population,
bringing our ancestors, according to. Dr. Guest, along the Severn
valley, so far as Faddiley (Fe]>an leag) on the confines of the Vale
Royal of Cheshire.
Deorham, where the battle of 577 was fought, by which the
important triangle of Gloucester Cirencester Bath became Saxon,
is identified with Dyrham, on the turnpike-road between Bath and
NOTES 283
Gloucester. In Domesday it is written Dirham ; and Gibson (Glos.
ad Sax. Chr. sub voc.) says it was called Durham in his day.
Commail, Condidan, Farinmail may have been (as suggested
by Dr. Guest) the princes of those three cities, and they may have
made a stand at Deorham with their combined forces, against the
aggressive Saxon.
M, de la Villeraarque has adopted the view of Sharon Turner,
identifying Condidan with Kyndylan son of Kyndruyn, whose fall
in the Saxon invasions is the theme of a celebrated Welsh Elegy by
the cotemporary bard, Llywarch Hen. Dr. Guest, who makes that
Elegy apply to 584, contends that this view is faulty, because Kyn-
dylari in the Elegy is slain near Shrewsbury, whereas Condidan in
the Chronicle falls at Deorham. But it is a curious coincidence, that
among Kyndylan's companions in arms in the Elegy, there figures
conspicuously Garanmael son of Kyndylan. Goreu gwr Garanmael :
Bravest hero Garanmael. See Les Eardes Bretons du vi e Siecle, par
M. de la Villemarque, pp 66, 107.
The ' many towns' and ' countless spoil' of 584 come out very
well under the theory of Dr. Guest. For if Fej?anleag is in Cheshire,
the expedition passes through Powys-land, of which the capital was
Pengwern (Shrewsbury). Of this district M. de la Villemarque
says : " Powis, ce paradis des Cambriens ce pays de la
poe"sie et de la renommeV' referring to the expressions of the
Welsh bards. That the desolation of Uriconium may with high
probability be referred to these invasions, has been shewn in a very
convincing manner by Dr. Guest in the Paper so often referred to
(Archaeological Journal, No. 75 : On the English Conquest of the
Severn Valley} ; a remarkable example of approach to certainty in
the twilight scenes of our early history.
These Annals, so distinctly original, were hardly penned before
the events were on the verge of oblivion therefore, if a transposition
of names or other slight adjustment seems to be required by the
Welsh remains, historical criticism could not object. The Saxons
had arms, and the Britons arts.
577. Cirenceaster] cyceter C marg. : cf. note on 457 "R.
Gibson in his Glos. to Sax. Chron. spells it Ciceter.
591. Woddes beorge] Wodebryg' in Suthf oik from Ipswych
v myle C marg. Again 715. Gibson says : Hodie Wodnesburh
in agro Wiltun. Viculus fossae cuidam admiranda? adsidens, quse
Wodnesdic appellatur, et totam earn regionem transversa inter-
secat. E has set Wodnesbeorge.
603 R. set .ZEgesan stane] The readings set Egisan stane BC
o o 2
284 NOTES
set Dsegsan stane (E) cet Daegstane (a) are pretty clearly
identical in origin. The D form is according to Beda i. 34, in loco
celeberrimo qui dicitur Degsastan id est Degsa lapis. So it would
seem as if in the resolution of coherent dentals the D was lost, and
hence the form in !S" B C. Gibson says : Dawston (Cumberland)
Ingram conj. Theekstone (Yorks. N. R.).
633. HeSfelda] Hatfield (with Hatfield Moor, Hatfield Chace)
in West Riding of Yorkshire : cf. Beda ii. 20, Smith's note ; Cough's
Camden, vol. iii. p 273.
641 E. Maserfeld] This place is matter for conjecture. Smith
(Beda iii. 9 note) produces a place of the same name in Lancashire.
Gibson fixes it at Oswestry (Oswaldestre) because this name
has Oswald in it. Ingram guesses Mirfleld, Yorkshire West
Riding.
643 . )>a ciricean] }>a ealdan cyricean B C. For the importance
of this insertion see the description of MS. B in the Introduction.
In F it stands : Des cing het getimbrian }> mynster on Wintanceastre
on See Petres naman.
648. JEscesdune] Aschedownforesta yn Suthesexe C marg. :
cf. note 457 r R.
There are three other mentions of this same place, and all very
significant. In 66 1, Wulfhere king of Mercia carries his ravages
as far as this in 871, JE^ered and ^Elfred fight with the whole
Danish army on this down and in 1006, we have the Danes passing
from the neighbourhood of Wallingford " along Ashdown ;" and
we next find them at East Kennett, not far from Marlborough.
JEscesdun is clearly that mass of chalk-hills between Wallingford and
Marlborough, on which is the famous white horse of Berkshire, and
on which a private residence, Ashdown Park near Uffington, pre-
serves the ancient name. Here it was that king Cenwalh gave a
large tract of country to his cousin Cuthred ; probably with a view
to make the position secure against the Mercians. It is remarkable
that 66 1, when Wulfhere advanced to ^Escesdun, is the year of
Cuthred's death. Perhaps he fell defending his territory. Cuthred's
father Cwichelm was also famous in those parts, for " Cwichelm's
low" was somewhere near Ashdown (1006). Cf. Cod. Dipl. 693.
652 E. Pendan] An error of the scribe for " Peadan."
653 E. set Icanhoe] set yceanho' BC ; on Icanho F. Gibson
supposes this place to be Boston in Lincolnshire, quasi Botulfeston.
654. for]>an |>et ^ser is an wsel] Smith on Beda iv. 6 disputes
this derivation d, fonte voraginoso, and explains the name as Locus
habitation** in pratis.
NOTES 285
656. p3ot. wedbro'Seres] This relationship, whatever it was, must
be understood as between Peada and Oswi not Wulfhere arid Oswi.
The Northumbrian victory of 654 had broken the power of Mercia,
and made it dependent on Northumbria. Peada ruled by Northum-
brian favour, and as having a Northumbrian princess for his consort.
It is the family alliance and pledged brotherhood between Peada
and his father-in-law Oswiu that is represented in the word wed-
bro^eres : whether the writer of this slovenly interpolation so , un-
derstood it or not. In Beda iii. 24 fin. it is said that Oswiu gave
Peada the government of South Mercia eo quod esset cognatus suus.
There was a double marriage between the families : Peada married
Alchfled daughter of Oswiu, and Alchfrid son of Oswiu married
Cyneburg sister of Peada. Yet we must not understand wed- by
its modern association with marriage : but simply as signifying that
a covenanted alliance existed between the parties, which made them
bound to stand by each other like (or even more than) natural
brothers.
Sir Frederic Madden (La^amon, vol. iii. p 354) has adopted the
more usual explanation of this passage, brother by baptism.
656. p 30 h. for hwi] The Demonstrative to this Interrogative is
for J>i; e. g. p 256 t.
656. p 33 h. ]>eonest men] This appears like the Danish tjeneste
= service; which also compounds with a noun of the person who
serves, as, Tjeneste-dreng = serving-boy : Tjeneste-folk = serving-
folk : Tjeneste-mo or Tjenste-pige = serving- girl : Tjeneste-qvinde =
serving- woman. Molbech v. Tjeneste.
656. p33 m. undyde] irritum redderet : disannul. It is not
usual to find tindon in this sense of KaraAveu/, egovQevelv, dderelv : its
prevalent use is that of opening what is shut, as below in the same
page, of S. Peter with his keys undoing, opening the doors of heaven.
Infra 1 1 22, of the phenomenon of a cloud seeming to burst open,
and divide into four parts (se wolcne undide on fower healfe). In
Fragments of S. SwiShun, p 6. line 17, J>a eagan undyde = opened
his eyes. In ^Elfric's Homilies, vol. i. p 548, undyde his mu^
( = opened his mouth); otherwise expressed in the same page "geo-
penode his mu^."
658. set Peonnum] " Pen, an obscure village now, but antiently
famous, being ordained by destinie as it may seeme to the overthrow
both of Britans and Danes. For at this verie place Keniwalch a
West Saxon, had such a day of the Britans, that they would scarsely
ever after abide to come into the field against the English Saxons.
And many a yeare after that, king Edmund surnamed Ironside,
286 NOTES
gave there a notable foil to the Danes, as he pursued Canutus their
king."
This is Pen3lewood, or Penscellwood, i. e. Pen-Selwood, or head
of Selwood, (locally pronounced Zilw'cl,) on the confines of Wiltshire,
Somersetshire, and Dorsetshire. The place is famous for the " Pen
Pits," which are said to be the vestiges of an ancient British town.
In the neighbourhood there is an earthen fortress of large area,
known as " Keniwilkins's Castle" a name which bears a strong
resemblance to that of Cenwalh.
664. Wagele] This passage is from, Beda (iii. 27), but the name
of Tuda's burial-place is so different here from that which is found
in the text of Beda, that it becomes a topographical question be-
longing to the Saxon Chronicles. In the Eccl. Hist, it is Psegnalsech :
in the Anglo-Saxon version it is Peginaleah. Smith, the editor of
Beda, thinks the similarity of name is enough to identify it with
Pincanheal (now Finchale two miles from Durham), where a Synod
was held in 788. Ingram, who brings forward another form of the
word, Vegnalech, from Leland Bed. Collect, ii. 143. ed. 1774,
conjectures that it is Whalley, or as he otherwise writes it (I know
not whether upon authority or by way of etymology) Wayleigh.
This Whalley is an extensive parish, lying in three counties, Lan-
cashire, Cheshire, and Yorkshire, containing several towns, chapelries,
and townships, with a fine Abbey Church so that it is not unlikely
to have been of ancient celebrity. But the identification of Wagele
must after all be left to the local antiquarian.
671. wodl] rvina ^Ethelweard. strages Flor. Henry of Hunting-
don and Roger of Wendover both make it a battle among the birds !
673. .Styeldryht] alias etheldrythe C marg. : cf. infra 679
note; and supra 457 note.
6/5- P. 38 h. onsting] Cf. Mr. Baron's Edition of Johnson's Ec-
clesiastical Laws, vol. i. p i 27 and note. Cod. Dipl. 843.
675. p38h. hwilc abbot ]>e hwilc man swa] = what
abbot soever what man soever, &c.
675. p 38!. ge redd] read, published by reading. For the sake
of any reader who may not be familiar enough with his mother-
tongue to perceive the comparaiive rnodernness of this and such like
late insertions, this word is selected as a palpable illustration. No-
where in the elder Chronicles will this verb be found in the modern
sense of dvayivao-Ku, legere. Rsedan is to plan, counsel, advise ; e. g.
pi 57, where the same participle gered means resolved upon.
675. p 38 1. Al swa ic beode J>e Saxulf, &c.j And as on the one
hand I ordain unto thee that (according as thou desirest) the minster be
NOTES 287
free so on the other hand do I forbid thee and all the bishops that come
after thee in the name of Christ and of all His Saints that ye have
no claim on the minster but according to the Abbot's will. This pre-
tension would appear to be set up as early as 656 (p 33 1), but the
expression is not so distinct there as here. In this place the language
is so distinct that no doubt can remain about the anachronism. The
first real case of exemption of an English monastery from episcopal
jurisdiction appears to have been that of Battle Abbey. Hallam's
Middle Ages, vol. ii. pi6 note. Robertson, Church Hist. vol. ii,
pp 103, 203.
675. p 39111. toligge^] See Glossary to Ormulum, Ed. White,
v. Toll)?.
6 75 P39 ra - Bredune. Hrepingas. Cedenac] See a Paper by
Mr. Stubbs in the Archaeological Journal of 1861, p202.
678 E. Eatan] There is a life of this Eata in vol. viii of the Surtees
Society Publications, entitled, " Miscellanea Biographica."
679. ^EJjel]>ry|?] sej>eldrrS C. Jet audrye C marg. : cf. Gough's
Camden's Brit. ii. 194, and supra 673 note. See E 963 ; and Halli-
well, v. Tawdry.
685. Cedwalla quondam Rex Souths exicefundator Cicestren'
ecclesice C marg. See note on 457 R. But as to the foundership
which this annotator attributes to Ceadwalla, cf. Gough's Camden,
vol. ii. pp 1 94, 195.
685 A. EcgferJ) cyning mon ofslog] E adds be norSan sse.
The commencement of his expedition against the Scotti is noticed in
684 E. The battle in which he fell is called the battle of Dunni-
chen, and is thus recorded in the mixed language of the Annals of
Tighernac : 686. Cath Duin Nechtain [?'. e. The battle of Duin
Nechtain] xx die m. Maii Sabbati die factum est, in quo Ecfrit me
Ossu \i. e. Ecgfer> son of Oswiu] Rex Saxonum, xv anno regni
sui, consumata magna cum caterva militum suorum interfectus est
la Brudhi me Bili Rege Fortrein [i. e. by Bruide son of Bill king of
Fortren].
685 E. Agust'] For Hagustaldesham (as above) or Hexham.
Ceastre] This means York. So again 762. Many places were
locally called Ceaster; but with the progress of centralization it
became necessary to keep up their distinctive prefixes, as fFmchester,
MVwchester, &c. Only one great place has come to be known by the
simple name of Chester ; with obscure places such as Caistor, Castor,
&c., it was more easy, and probably there are several of them in
existence.
688 E. under Cristes cla^um] Rex vero secundum votum infra
288 NOTES
septem dies in albis mortuus est. Hen. Hunt. The ancient practice
was to put off the white on the eighth day after Baptism. Bingham
xii. 4. 3. Cf. note on 878.
693 E. Brihthelm] The true name Dryhthelm is preserved
only in D. This is the Drycthelmus of Beda v. 1 2 ; a Northum-
brian thane of Incuneningum (prob. Cuningham) who died in the
evening and woke to life in the morning, and remembered what he
had seen in the other world, while out of the body. The narrative
of his vision was long used in church teaching, and Wanley notices
in his Catalogue five different volumes in which homilies or narra-
tives of Drihthelm's vision are extant. Dr. Ingram (Appendix to
Sax. Chron.) has pointed out that Dryhthelm's remains were de-
posited at Melrose according to Hugo Candidus (ap. Sparke, p4o)
and also that the wonderful vision of Charles le Gros, related by
Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Angl. lib. ii, was probably founded on
Dryhthelm's.
694. xxx m] Allen, Royal Prerogative, pp 177, 178, supposes
that the were paid for Mul's murder by the men of Kent was
30,000 sceattas, and nut shillings or pounds. Pearson's Early and
Middle Ages of England, cap. ix.
694. Here F has an insertion which should have been put in the
Appendix. It is " King Wihtred's Grant of Privileges" (as entitled
in Johnson's Canons, Ed. Baron, Anno 692) made at the Synod of
Baccancelde (Bapchild, Kent). " And sona 'Sas fte he cing was. he
het gaderian mycel concilium on 'Sare stowe $e ys geclypod BAC-
CANCELDE. On Sare was Wihtred sittende: Cantware cing. and
se arceb' of Cantuarebyri Brihtwald. and se biscop Tobias of Hroue-
ceastre. and mid heom abbodas and abbedessen. and manige wise
menn ar weeron gegaderade. ealle to smeagende embe Codes cyrcan
bote 'Sa beo^ innan Cent. Nu agan se cing to specende. and ssede.
Ic wylle )> ealle 'Sa mynstre and Sa cyrican 'Sa waeron giuene and
becweSene Gcde to wyrSmynte be geleafulra cinga dagan. minra
forengenglan. and be minra magan dagon. be ^Egelberhtes cinges.
and ]>ara ^e him efter fyligdan. swa beliuan Gode to wurSmynte. and
faestlice standan. a to ecnesse seure ma. ForSon Ic Wihtred eor]?lic
cing. fram 'San heouenlice Cinge oribryrd. and mid andan Sare riht-
atend
wisnesse anseld. of uran ealdran fsederan gesetnesse ic habbe }> gele-
ornod. )>at nan Isewede man nah mid rihte to stingan hine an annare
cirican. na an an 'Sara 'Singan 'Se to cyrcan belimp'S. And forSi
stranglice and truwlice we gesettaS and denial, and on Godes
naman J>es ealmihtiges. and on ealra halgena. we forbeoda'S eallon
NOTES 289
uron seftergengan. cingan. and ealdermannum. and eallan laewedan
niannum. seure senne hlauordscipe ouer circan. and ouer eallan heora
Cingan. ^e ic o'S'Se mine yldran. on ealdon dagan^ giuan Xpe to loue
on ece erfwyrSnesse. and ure hleefdian Sea Marian, and 'San halgan
apostolan. Ac loc hwenne hit gewurSe -f biscop. o'ftSe abbod. o'S'Se
abbedesse. gewite of 'Sysan Hue. sy hit gecydd 'San arb', and mid his
reede and ge'Seahte sy gecoren swilce wurj?e beo. and his lif ^e man
sceal to swa gedonne 'Singe cysan asece se arb'. and his clsennesse.
and ... an nane wisan ne wurpe gecoraen nan. na to swa gedonan
Cingan gehalgod. butan J>es arb' rsede. Cyngas sceolan settan eorlas
and ealdermen. scirereuan and domesmenn. and arb' sceal Godes
gela'Sunge wissian and raedan. and biscopas. and abbodas. and abbe-
dessan. preostas. and diacona?. ceosan and settan. halgian and ge-
tryman. mid godan mynegunga and forebysene. ]?e laeste }>e ssni of
Godes heorde dwelie and losie." See more in the Latin version in
Cod. Dipl. 996 ; and, with some variations, in Spelman, vol. i. p 189.
After the place where F leaves off, Spelman's version continues thus :
" Hoc praeceptum statuimus hiis monasteriis quorum nomina hsec
sunt annotata. Primum, primi Apostolorum principis Petri, id est,
Vpmynster, Raculf, Sudmynster, Dofras, Folcanstan, Hymming
(Lymming Wilkins), Stepeis&Hor. Haec omnia interdicimus (sicut
ante diximus) ut nullus habitus ex numero laicorum ad se pertrahat
vel suscipiat nullutn monasterium de hiis prsenominatis."
699 E. In the Annals of Ulster this is entered under 697. Bellum
inter Saxones et Pictos ubi cecidit filius Remit qui dicebatur Brectrid.
Tighernac 698.
705. Mit dem Tode Aldfrid's begann der Lichtpunct der Geschichte
Northumbriens zu verbleichen. Lappenberg, vol. i. p 205. Compare
note on 731.
710. Gerente Weala cininge] The name Gerent recurs in
British history. In this place it is that Gerent king of West
Wales (i. e. Devon and Cornwall) to whom Aldhelm, when Abbot
of Malmsbury, addressed a letter or treatise (librum egregium ad-
versus errorem Brittonum Bed. v. 18) about conformity to the
Roman Ritual. Titled thus : Domino gloriosissimo, occidentalis regni
sceptra gubernanti, quern ego, ut mild Scrutator cordis et rerum Testis
est,fraternd caritate amplector, Geruntio Regi, simulque cunctis Dei
Sacerdotibus per Domnonia conversantibus, Aldhelmus, sine meritorum
prerogatives Abbatis officio functus, optabilem in Domino salutem!
Aldhelmi Opp. Ed. Giles, p 83.
We know of an earlier Gerent, also connected with Devonshire,
through an elegy upon his death by Lly warch Hen. It is the first
pp
!90 NOTES
n M. de la Villemarqud's Bardes Bretons ; and is entitled, Maronad
Gerent Mab Erbin = J[egy of Cerent son of Erbin. This Gerent is
ilmost of the times and cycle of Arthur : though M. de la Villemarque
<vould vindicate him for history by identifying him with the " swij>e
aej>elne monnan" who fell fighting the Saxons ; above 501.
Mr. Pearson, Early and Middle Ages of England, p 35 note, says
the mythical Vortigern is a transformation of that Gerontius, a native
of Briton, who transferred the diadem from the usurper Constantine
to the head of his friend Maximus.
Gerrans in Cornwall is connected with ' king Gerennius' by a
very distinct and circumstantial tradition. On the highest ground
in * Roseland,' overlooking Gerrans Bay, is Veryan Beacon, or (in
the Ordnance Map) Carne Beacon, a tumulus of the first magnitude,
Tradition calls it the tomb of king Gerennius, who lived in a palace on
yonder side of the bay, and his corpse was rowed across in a golden
boat with silver oars, which were all buried along with him. This
mound was opened in 1853 by the Rev. John Adams [Newdigate
Prize-man 1847],, the Hon. and Rev. J. T. Boscawen, and others;
and a Report which appeared in the Cornwall Gazette, written by
Mr. Adams, ought to be enshrined in some less ephemeral publication.
The effect of the opening was to establish the sepulchral character
of the Beacon ; for after some days' excavation, they reached a
kist-vaen of massive unhewn rocks, fit for the resting-place of a king.
All within had mouldered to dust. Mr. Adams assigns a date to this
interment, from a place in the Register of Llandaff, which says that
S. Teilo on his way homeward from Brittany (whither he had retired
during the prevalence of the ictericia pestis) visited Gerennius king
of Cornwall, and attended his death-bed. The date of this event is
A. D. 596 (Stubbs, p 1 56).
7 jo E. Hsefe and Csere] " Loca duo sunt in agro Northymbrensi
decem plus minus mille passuum invicem distantia, Carehouse et
Heefeld, paulum ultra vallum Pictorum. Etsi non ausim affirmare ea
olim fuisse dicta Csere et Hsefe, videtur tamen illud suadere turn
nominum antiquorum et hodiernorum similitude, turn etiam locorum
situs. Circa limites enim Pictorum et Northymbrorum prseliatum
fuisse, non est cur dubitemus." Gibson. " Heugh and Caraw"
Thorpe.
Ann. Tighernac 711. Strages Pictorum in Campo Monand a
Saxonis ubi Findgaine me Deleroith immatura morte jacuit. Con-
gressio Brittouum et Dalriadha for Loirgeclat [loingg ecclet. Ann.
Ulst. 710] ubi Britones devicti. Ap. Skene, Collectanea de rebus
Albanicis.
NOTES 291
7 1 6 X. J>a ciriclecan scare] the ecclesiastical tonsure, as K B C ;
or Sancte Petres scsere, S. Peter's tonsure, as DEF : cf. 73 7 E,
757 E. This tonsure was circular like a crown, and was called the
corona ; whereas that in use in the Scotian Churches was crescent-
shape from ear to ear. See Robertson's Church History, vol. ii.
p 61
Ann. Tigh. 718. Tonsura Corona s.v. familiam lea dat', which
Mr. Skene renders, " The Coronal Tonsure imposed upon the com-
munity of lona."
722. Tantun] Comparing this with 658 we measure the west-
ward progress of Saxon dominion. Taunton was now its most ad-
vanced station. The Tone here passes through the gate of the
country, as the Thames does at Reading. Taunton commanded the
narrow plain between the Quantocks and the Wellington Pillar
Heights. In the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History
Society's Proceedings for 1853 is an excellent paper on the position,
history, and present condition of Taunton Castle, with a plan and
illustrations, by the Rev. F. Warre. It was placed in the angle made
by a small stream flowing into the Tone.
728 !. Ine ferde to Borne] In a highly demonstrative epistle
from Gregory II. to Leo the Iconoclast, quoted in Gibbon, c. 49, the
Roman bishop makes a diplomatic use of the zeal and submissive-
ness of the converted barbarians of the West; and there is room
to imagine (as the historian has done in a note) that this pilgrimage
by king Ine was in the writer's mind.
731. Ceolwulf was king of Northumbria when Beda died; it
was to him that he had dedicated his Ecclesiastical History (see
foot-note supra, p 52) : in the last chapter of which he left a sentence
of gloomy foreboding as to the future prospects of his country. His
foresight was justified by events, as may be seen by the divisions and
crimes and instability marked in the Northumbrian Annals 757,
759, 774, 778, 789, 790, 794: cf. note on 705.
The turn of Mercia comes next : hitherto its conflicts had been
with Northumbria, but now we see it expanding and becoming ag-
gressive in the direction of Wessex (733) ; taxing Cu'Srsed's efforts
(741, 752); in alliance with Cuj>raed against the Welsh (743) ; fight-
ing against Kent (773), and under the dread king Offa wresting
Bensington from Wessex (777), who extorts from the Abp. of Can-
terbury a cession of part of the primacy, to render Mercia ecclesiasti-
cally independent (785) ; orders the king of E. Anglia to be put to
death (792), and throws up " OfFa's Dyke" (Asser). Under Ceolwulf
they overrun Kent (796), and continue to hold the leadership in
pp 2
292 NOTES
Britain till the close of the century. But from the accession of
Ecgberht.(8oo), the power of Wessex begins to aim at the position
which it ultimately attained.
740. jEaeflberht] Error of scribe for CirS- : cf. 758.
745. Daniliel] Daniel of Winchester, the correspondent and
counsellor of Boniface, Missionary Bishop of the Germans. Robertson,
Church History, vol. ii. p 95 sqq.
752 2L Beorg feorda] Burford C marg. : cf. 457 note.
755. In this circumstantial narrative the reader should bear in
mind the arrangements of a Saxon residence. The chief building
was the hall, around which grouped the other apartments, each en-
tered from the court ; the whole surrounded by a wall or rampart
of earth, and therefore named a burh. The common external en-
trance was the gate (geat), which was an opening in the wall; but
the entrance to any of the enclosed buildings was a door (duru).
The description in this Annal seems to imply that the residence at
Merton covered a considerable area.
The king was in the lady's chamber (bur the ' bower' of mediaeval
romance), and Cyneheard surprised him there (hine \xsr berad) by
riding in unexpectedly through the outer gate into the court, before
the king's attendants, who had retired to the hall, were aware (cer
hine ]>a men onfunden \e mid \am cyninge wceruri). Then the fight
between the king and his foe takes place at the door (duru) of the
lady's bower, and there the king was slain. And now the lady's
screams had, for the first time, alarmed the king's guard in the hall.
They hasted to the rescue, scorned Cyneheard's proposals, and fought
till all but one were slain. Next morning the rest of the king's
party came up, and found Cyneheard in occupation, and in a posture
of defence (}>one cefteling on ]><ere by rig metton). His party had closed
the outer gates (]>a gatu), and meant to defend them. After a
fruitless parley, they fought about the gates (ymb \a gatu) till the
party inside was obliged to yield. See Mr. Wright's very interesting
work, " Domestic Manners and Sentiments," p 13.
755. }>one bur utan beeode] [>a burh utan ymbeodan B; ]>a
burh utan beeodan C ; ]>one bur utan beeodon D.
755. p 50 t. on j)9BS wifes gebserum] by the woman's cries. So
gebserum Oros. iv. 10. 2 ; Ed. Bosw. Psalm xxxiv. 15. In these
two instances it might be questioned whether ' gestures' or ' cries'
were the sense. In Oros. i. 12. i . wifa geb&ra is vague. In our text
it is clearly ' cries ;' and so Sir F. Madden renders it in Glos. Lajamon
v. z'bere.
The use of the preposition on in an instrumental sense was widely
NOTES 293
spread, and is still in extensive provincial use. The expression
'along of is but a modification of the genuine ' along on' to
convey cause or occasion. Thus Chaucer (Canones Yemannes
Tale) :
I cannot tell whercw it was along,
But wel I wot gret strif is us among.
755- P 5 h- & U e Isegon] all lay, i. e. were corpses. No lateHn-
ventions of human language have rendered death with more expres-
sion, than that which was the most obvious and probably the very
oldest the motionless prostration as of a felled tree. This thought
produced Trroi/ia and cadaver. In Job xiv. 10. it is put forward pro-
minently, but our version has overlooked it. Renan : Mais quand
I'homme meurt, il reste etendu. De Wette : Aber der Mann, stirbt
er, so liegt er da. Compare Zosimas in Appendix to SwrShun, p no.
1 7, ]>aet msegn J>aes licgendan.
And as licgan=to lie, is used for the state of death ; so lecgan,
transitive, to lay or fell, is used of slaying; like occidere and occidere.
See Schmid, Gesetze Glos. v. lecgan.
755- P5 ora - hiera agenne dom] their own terms.
755. psol. oj?j>aet hie )>8er inne fulgon] until they penetrated,
or forced an entrance. Grein seems to be right in rendering felgan
simply intrare. Kemble v. filhan. The word is an obscure one, and
perhaps was never in general use : so B avoids it by writing wurdon ;
and E has recourse to the wild substitute Jlugon, which is quite out
of place.
761 E. Florence says : juxta Clivum Edwini, clitonem quendam
nobilissimum Oswinum occidit. Hen. Hunt, is more ample : Mol
rex Nordhumbre interfecit Oswine fortissimum ducum suorum, qui
committens prselium erga dominum suum apud Eadwinesclive, jure
gentium spreto, jure Dei occisus est. Simeon Dun. describes the
battle-field as, juxta Eldunum secus Melros. Wrjtten Eladunwn
in Hoveden and Chr. Mailros. This word El with its variants
Al, Hel, seem to have designated a height, rock, or mountain. Beda
E. H. i. 12. has Alcluith, quod lingua eorum sigm&cat petram Cluith.
Helvellyn is rendered yellow mountain, on the authority of Dr. Guest,
"as Rhiwvelen, that name so common in Welsh topography, meant
yellow slope." Archaeological Journal, No. 75. p 2 14.
763. }>one feowertegan dseg ofer midne winter] id est
Candelmas day C marg. : cf. 457 note.
773. read Cristes msel] Hardly " a fiery crucifix" (MHB); but
as Mr. Thorpe, " a red cross." Literally, Cristes mael means the
sign or emblem of Christ. Florence has it, Rubicundi coloris sig-
294 NOTES
num in crucis modum in ceelo apparuit post solis occasum. Infra
p 1 23 1, the cross of signature is called by this name.
. 778 E. heahgerefan] Kemble (Saxons in England, vol. ii. c. 5)
thinks these high-reeves were no part of the ordinary machinery of
government, but officers occasionally commissioned with extraordinary
powers. Simeon of Durham calls them duces here and in 780. The
title occurs again 1001 "R (three times), and 1002 E. The only other
light we get on the subject is from a little code on Wergilds (Thorpe's
Ancient Laws, 8vo. p 1 86 ; fol. p 79. Schmid, Anhang vii) in which
the heahgerefa ranks with the hold (having the same wergild) ;
above the thane, but below the bishop and ealdorman. In having a
wergild at all, he is, as Schmid remarks, distinguished from other
gerefan, who have no wergild as gerefan. In all other cases
where gerefa has a prefix, it is a substantive, expressive of the pro-
vince of his reeveship; e.g. Scirgerefa= reeve of the shire, sheriff;
burhgerefa, charged with the maintenance of a fortress (burh) ; port-
gerefa, provost of a market-town ; wicgerefa, village-reeve ; tunge-
refa, farm-bailiff; swangerefa, supervisor of the swdnas or swine-
herds, and controller of the forest-pasturage.
780 E. p 57. ^Elfwold cining sende man] man delendum.
As it now stands, it would mean that the king was sent &c. The
odd thing is that the error is in D also, so that it may have pervaded
several chronicles. Unless perhaps a sense can be found for it, which
escapes me ?
780. P57- The Pallium recurs so frequently in our records, and is
a symbol of such historical importance, that the following paragraph,
dated April 20, 1863, cannot fail to interest the student of these
annals :
"The Archbishop of Paris received the Pallium yesterday from
the hand of the Papal Nuncio, in the small church of the Lazarists,
in the Rue de Sevres. The ceremony was comparatively private,
though a large body of clergy and several bishops were present.
The religious papers tell us that the stuff out of which the Archi-
episcopal vestment called the Pallium is manufactured, is made from
the wool of ten white lambs, which have received the Apostolic be-
nediction in the church of St. Agnes at Rome, on the day of the
festival of that saint. These lambs are afterwards kept in a convent
until the shearing- time arrives. The Palliums made from this wool,
without any admixture, are then deposited on the tomb of St. Peter,
and remain exposed there during the night preceding the/<#e of that
Apostle. The next day they all receive benediction at the altar, and
are despatched wherever they are required. The Pallium, in shape,
NOTES 295
is composed of two woollen bands, about two inches in breadth,
which hang suspended down the back and chest." The Guardian,
April 22, 1863.
The chief points of interest in the history of the Pall may be
readily seen in Dean Hook's Lives of the Archbishops, vol. i. p 27 ;
where the main authorities are given. Originally it was an undefined
mark of honour, but at length it acquired a special reference to the
exercise of the metropolitan dignity, and as such it was defined in a
Canon of the Council of Lateran 1215. The conventional shape of
the Pall is seen in the archiepiscopal arms of Canterbury, Armagh,
and Dublin.
785. and Ecgferj? to cyninge gehalgod.] Hen. Hunt, says,
Eodem anno Egfert sacratus est in regem Kentensis provincise.
There is no older authority for making Ecgfer)> king of Kent : and it
may be a confusion on the part of that chronicler with what hap-
pened in the dynasty of Wessex in the next century. But still the
whole subject of the succession to the throne of Kent becomes at
this period so obscure, and the pretensions of Mercia must have
grown so absolute by the event of 773, that it would be unsafe to
reject Henry's statement, which makes Kent an appanage of Mercia.
Moreover, it is to be observed that the elevation of Eadbryht Prsen
(794) coincides with the death of Offa. The ultimate expulsion of the
Mercians from Kent is recorded in 823. If E's reading ' gehalgode'
is anything more than a blunder, and we attach any value to it, its
meaning would be, that the new Mercian archbishop consecrated the
royal candidate.
787. se gerefa] This is the weard or landweard of Beowulf
457 3777 (Kemble). The incident was clearly a celebrated one at
the time and long after : it is thus recorded in the magniloquence of
jjEthelweard : Regnante Ryrhtrico rege piissimo super partes Anglorum
occidentales, jam innocentia protensi populi arms sereno cum tranquilli-
tate dabant squalidis sulco, et oneriferce bourn costce proximo amore
colla jugo subdebant ; advecta est subito Danorum ardua non nimia
classis, dromones numero tres ; ipsa et advectio erat prima. Audito
etiam, exactor regis,jam morans in oppido quod Dorceastre nuncupatur,
equo insilivit, cum paucis pracurrit ad portum, putans eos magis nego-
tiatores esse quam hostes ; et prcecipiens eos imperio, ad regiam villam
petti jussit ; a quibus ibidem occiditur ipse, et qui cum eo erant : nomen
quippe exactoris erat Beaduheard.
Henry of Huntingdon gives it thus : Brichtricus anno regni sui
quarto, duxit in uxorem Eadburh filiam regis Offce Merce : unde com-
fortatus est in regno et provectus in superbiam. His autem diebus vene-
296 NOTES
runt Dad cum trlbus puppibus in Britanniam pr&dationis causa. Quod
preEpositus regis illius provinc'ue videns, occurrit eis debito securius, ut
comprehensos ad regium duceret castrum. Nesciebat autem qui easent
qui appulerant, vel cur appulissent. Statim vero immixtus eis occisus
est. Hie primus fuit Anglorum cams a Dacis, post quern multa millia
millium ab iisdem ccesa sunt : et ha puppes primte fuerunt quas hue
Daci adduxerunt.
This gerefa, weard, landweard, exactor regis or prsepositus regis,
affords an analogy for the office of the much discussed Comes Litoris
Saxonici.
It appears from the Annales Cambrise, that the south coast of
Ireland was likewise visited by the Danish ships this year for the
first time : " Primus adventus gentilium apud dextrales ad Hiber-
niam."
787. |>a serestan s.cipu Deniscra monna] What these ships
were like we may at some future time know better than we do at
present. In a recent extraordinary find of antiquities at Nydani
Moss in Denmark, there has been discovered a perfect ship, built for
oars, 72 feet long and 9 feet in the beam. The planks are of oak,
with large iron bolts, and clamps cut out of solid oak. The excava-
tions being followed up under the eye of the late king, Frederick VII,
they found another boat 44 feet long, of deal. Roman coins ac-
companying this find, the latest A. D. 217. For full particulars see
the account in Gent. Mag., December 1863, by Professor George
Stephens.
790 E. eft feng to rice] Not " proxime capessit regnum"
(Gibson); nor merely " succeeded" (Ingram); nor "afterwards suc-
ceeded" (Thorpe) : but " again obtained" (MHB). He returned to
the throne from which he had been expelled (778), four years after
his accession (774); where he is called Molles sumi, and here
A8elwald.es sunu. His father was Moll JESelwald (759). See
parallel cases in 828, 1046 (p 170). This is the special function of
eft, to signify iterum, denuo, rursus, re-, ofcennat, irdXiv or avdis. See
Dr. White, Gl. Orm. v. Efft. Its general, or base-meaning, is " after-
wards ;" but this sense almost vanishes in the prose literature.
At the early date of 685 there appears to be a clear case of eft=
"afterwards;" that on p 12, ac hie eft on hie fuhton, is of later
date, and " afterwards" is not an adequate rendering. Rather thus :
" but they afterwards turned and fought against them."
In 797, of the two instances, one may be doubtful. In 838, and
j>y ilcan geare eft = and a second time the same year. In 894 (p 91 1),
eft-ageaf= restored, gave back without ransom. In 918, and }>a
NOTES 297
aliesde Eadweard cyning hine eft ; it is equivalent to the compound
eft-aliesde = redemit. See p5; also 633, 869, 937 (pi 15), 1048
(p 180 tw.) t 1068 (p 207).
F 796. p 58*. Here a privilege is inserted in F: And ASelard
arb' of Cantwareb'. sette synoS. and getrynide and gefaestnode. Surh Sas papan
hsese Leones. ealle 5a Sing be Godes mynstran. Sa waeron gesett be Wihtgares
daege. and be oSra cinga daege. And ftus cwaeS. Ic ASelard. eadmod arb' of
Cantwareb'i. mid anmodan raede ealles sinoSes. and mid ealraSare gegaderunga
ealra 'Sara mynstra. 0am be ealdan dagan frignesse was geauen fram geleaf-
fullan mannum. On Godes naman. and Surh his bifigendan dom. ic bebeode.
swa swa ic haese habbe of "San papan Leone, fy heononforS nan ne dyrstlaece
ceosan him hlauordas of laewedan mannan ouer Godes erfwyrSnysse. Ac eal
swa swa hit ys on San gewrite Se se papa haefS giuen. oSSe Sa haligan weras
gesettan. Se beoS ure faederas and ure lareowas be haligum mynstrum. swa hi
beliuon unawemmed butan aelcre ansaece. Gif aeni mann ys t> J>is Godes and
uraes papan and ure bebod healdan nelle. ac farseoS and far naht healdaS.
witan hi ^ hi sculon gifan gescead toforan Godes domsetle. And ic ASelhard
arb'. mid twelf biscopan. and mid J>rim and twentigan abbodan. }>is ylce mid
rode tacne Xp'es getrimmaS and gefaestnia.
797. The history of the case is in Gibbon, c. 49 ; but this legend
is a transfer to Leo of the famous miracle of the African Confessors,
which puzzled Gibbon (c. 37), and which Dean Milman (Latin
Christianity, vol. i. p 332) calls the one post-apostolic miracle which
appears to rest on the strongest evidence. In a note at the end of
the volume he quotes a surprising parallel from a recent traveller.
Matth. Westm. (Flores Hist.) has here a very different story about
this Leo having cut off his own hand, to avoid a certain contami-
nation, and having originated the practice of kissing the foot instead
of the hand of the pope.
800. Cynemseresforda] Kempsford in Gloucestershire ; or
Commerford in Wiltshire, concerning the claims of which latter
place, see Camd. Brit. col. 106. (Stevenson.)
819. Cenwnlf Miercna cyning] There is a leaden bulla of this
king in the British Museum. It bears on the obverse >J< EOENVVLFI
REEIS ; and on the reverse >J< MEREIORVM. (Sir F. Madden,
in Archaeol. Journal, 1856, p 369.)
822. Clofeshoo] Cleofeshoo C; doctor Hethes benyffyce
C marg. : cf. 457 note, See the Chronicles of Abingdon edited by
Mr. Stevenson for the Master of the Rolls. Where it appears that
the monastery of Abingdon was founded near a town called Seukesham
or Seovescham or Sheovesham* The locality is central for Mercia
and Wessex. Gibson (Glos. Sax. Chron.) maintains it is Abingdon;
and unlike himself, growing warm in his argument, he deems that
hand facile* sanus quispiam . ... in hdc re harere possit. Ingram
Qq
298 NOTES
silently, "Cliff at Hoo, Kent." In Cod. Dipl. 1034 the place is
written Clobesham. Where may Dr. Hethe's benefice have been ?
823. G-afulforda] Hodie (opinor) Camelford in agro Cornubi-
ensi, quod oppidam alicubi vocari Gaffelford asserit Camdenus
(Gibson). The substitution of F for M appears elsewhere, e. g.
Boethius, c. xxxv. 4 : the name of Nimrod or rather Nemrod
(Vulg.) is rendered 'Nefrod.' Semington (Wilts) has an alias
* Sevington.' Compare the variations efn- or emn-, stefn or stemn.
This seems to have been a check given by the Welsh of Cernyw
to the advance of Wessex settlers, who probably designed to push
beyond the Tamar by turning it high up und so wenig verbreiteten
sich die Angel sachsen iiber den Tamarfluss hinaus, dass dieser noch
viele Tahrhunderte hindurch eine der merkwiirdigsten Sprach- und
Volker-Scheiden Europas geblieben ist (Lappenberg).
823. and Cantware him tocyrdon . . . wserun] The esta-
blished translation of this passage runs thus : " And the men of Kent,
Surrey, Sussex, and Essex submitted to him (viz. king Ecbryht), for
formerly they had been unjustly forced ^from his kin," (i. e. severed
from connection with the Wessex family.) Such a connection is
made out by Henry Hunt, in the person of Eadbert Praen, whom he
brings into his rendering of this passage " rex Ecbricht in dominium
suscepit quos prius cognatus suus Pren injustd amiserat." This is
one of * die wichtigen Notizen' peculiar to Henry Hunt., on which
Lappenberg here builds ; and if it be accepted, all difficulty is ob-
viated. To me it does not bring conviction. MHB emphatically
questions Eadberht Pren's kinship to Ecgbriht, " sed de cognatione
ejus cum Egberto adhuc quaerendum" (p 733). Next it is to be
observed that the grammar has to be stretched, and " him to" must
be referred to Ecgbriht, over a distance which nothing less than
certainty as to the sense could bridge over. In this state of the case,
I will venture to propose a new translation which is a little specu-
lative, but which may be worth trying where the old one stands on
such dubious ground. " They drove Baldred the king over the
Thames ; and the Kentish men threw off their allegiance to him, as
did Surrey, Sussex, and Essex, on the ground that they had ori-
ginally been unjustly subdued by his family." The two words on
which this great alteration of sense turns, are tocirdon and from.
From instead of meaning removal, separation, ' away from / is here
made to be passival, and to mean ' by' of the agent. This use, though
archaic and uncommon, is well enough known, and need not be
questioned if we can settle the other. It is tocirdon, which
I venture to suspect may mean the very opposite of that sense
NOTES 299
which ordinarily, and not groundlessly, has been assigned to it.
The old rendering may be justified by many passages, e. g. Exod.
xxxiv. 3 1 , ]>a clipode he hig. \>a cirde Aaron and |>a yldestan men
to him = Then called he them; then turned Aaron and the rulers
to him. Notwithstanding, I think that him to cirde in our text is
' turned from him,' rejected him, cast him off. The 'to' is not the
'to' of adhesion; but the other, which means severance (Lat. dis-,
German zer-). See compounds with to- in Glossary. A happy
illustration is in E 1094 (p 230 t), 'hi j>a mid mycelon unsehte to
cyrdon' = cum gravibus inimicitiis discesserunt (Gibson) ; they parted
with great dissension (Stevenson) ; they separated with great ani-
mosity (Thorpe). If my version is right, all the Latin chroniclers
are wrong, which on the one hand gives a check to my confidence ;
but on the other, it would throw a great light on the history of the
Language to recover a sense which to Ethelweard and his successors
was remote and obscure.
The expression genyd.de (to which anidde in this place is pro-
bably equivalent) occurs repeatedly in Orosius, of forced adhesion,
e. g. Book iii. c. ix. 6. in Ed. Bosworth. " And srS'San for on Cilicium,
and j>3et folc to him genydde ; and srS&an on Ro'Sum Jjset igland, and
j>set folc to him genydde. And sefter jrnra he for on Egypti, and hy
to him genydde." Also Book v. c. xii. 4 : and in Book v. c. xv, 3.
we have the inverse ; " Germanic gesohton Agustus ungenydde him
to frifte" =The Germans voluntarily besought the favour of Augustus.
827 'R. j>us micel rice] Haefde serest *6ysses gemetes rice ^Elle
&c., Beda ii. 5.
827. Dore] near Sheffield, just within the border of Derbyshire.
Again 942. Here, as there, it marks the verge of Mercia and the
confines of Northumbria.
835. Her cuom . . . winnende wseron] Florence renders thus :
Dani multa cum classe in Occidentalium Britonum terram quse Cur-
valia vocatur, appulerunt ; cum quibus Britones fcedus paciscuntur, et
eos secum ducentes, fines regni Ecgbrihti regis depopulantur.
836. iii gear] ein Irrthum fur dreizehn. (Lappenberg). Ecgbryht
spent the time of his exile at the court of Charlemagne.
839 X. Cwantawic] Cantwarabirig C ; Cantwic D E. See note
in MHB.
840. This Annal looks rather like a repetition of 833 ; but both
are found in all the Chronicles, Saxon and Latin.
851. JE]>elstan cyning] brother of Jtyelwulf and king of Kent.
Chr. Melrose.
300 NOTES
85 1 X. SND pY ILCSN] These capitals probably represent
the national exultation at so novel and promising an event as a naval
victory over the vikings. In B it is explicitly said, that they fought in
ships gefuhtan on scipum and so also C D E, and even F, ^E^elstan
cing gefeht on scipe agean haej>en8e. Cf. Dean Hook, Lives of the
Archbishops of Canterbury, vol. i. p 292.
852 E. grsefan] This doubtful word was boldly rendered by
Gibson as mineral coal, " duodecim plaustra carbonum fossilium ;"
and so all the Editors since ( f coal,' Ingram, Stevenson ; ' pit-coal,'
Thorpe), except MHB, where it is prudently left untranslated. We
have hardly an indication that this kind of fuel was known in Saxon
times. Mr. Wright ("Domestic Manners," p 21) thinks he finds
one in the Vocabularies, where col and synder are rendered carbo and
scorium. The item reads very well as fuel in association with those
before and after it ; and a suitable etymology is obvious, as Mr. Ste-
venson has noted, from grafan, to dig, mine, quarry. But it may be
asked, is it likely, if grsefa had been once a word in Lincolnshire,
North ants, &c., for coal ; and if this article had been so well known
that Peterborough Abbey received twelve loads of it every year
from a single estate ; is it likely that this name of a useful commo-
dity would have quickly disappeared ? Yet no trace of it is found
anywhere. Another consideration may influence our interpretation.
Where should the lessee of Sempringham, as it is now called, in
the south of Lincolnshire, procure twelve load of pit- coal ? A glance
at a geological map shews no coal measures nearer than Derbyshire !
I conclude that the pit-coal must be given up, and that graefa was
gravel for the annual repair of the dykes, embankments, and roads,
so necessary a provision in the Fens. It is quite possible that the
wood mentioned before, and the fagots or stakes which come after,
may, one or both, have regarded the same service.
We find at a later date the representatives of the Abbey of Peter-
borough are held responsible for considerable works of this nature^
as the following extract will shew. In an Ordnance of the Com-
mission of Sewers for the Fens (A.D. 1616) it stands : " And that
the Old Ea being another branch of the river Neene, from Claylake
unto Middlehome, hard att Bulldyke End neere Peterborough, shall
be roaded and cleansed to the old bottome and antient breadth, and
all dames and other stopps therein shall be avoyded and utterly
taken away by the Deane and Chapter of Peterborough or theyre
tennants." Wells' History of the Bedford Level, vol. ii. p 45.
852 E. fo^ra . . . fo^ur . . . ftySur] Either horse-loads, or else
NOTES 301
some definite quantity by weight or measure. Halliwell v. Father,
says 19 cwt. It occurs in Chaucer, Prologue 532, where the reading
is not ylaid (Tyrwhitt), but jladde (Bodl. MS. 3360).
852 E. mittan] In the Lindisfarne Gospels, sub modio Matt. v. 1 5,
is rendered under mitte vel under sestre ; and in Rushworth, under
mytte ; where in the WS. Gospp. it is under cyfe.
853. domne Leo] This form is found also in the Saxon
Beda iii. 14. " min domne bisceop," for the Latin " domine
antistes."
855 K. ftdam. primus homo et pater noster. est Xps.] In this
ascension from Adam to Christ, we have something like the train of
thought by which Clemens Alexandrinus (Strom, vi. vii. p 769)
deduces the pedigree of Greek philosophy from Christ as the pri-
maeval source. Later philosophers being descendants of Zeno,
Aristotle, Epicurus, Socrates, these of Pythagoras, Pherecydes,
Thales, the parents of these again having been the Egyptians,
Indians, Babylonians ; the scale at length ascends to the original
parents of mankind; and these received all their light from Him
that lighteth every man that cometh into the world. Blunt, Early
Fathers, p 174.
865. him feoh geheton wfS ]?am frrSe] See Dean Hook,
Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury, vol. i. p 291. The version of
Asser (whose chronology differs by a year) is as follows : Anno
dominicse incarnationis DCCCLXIV Pagani hyemaverunt in insula
Tanet, et firmum foedus cum Cantuariis pepigerunt ; quibus Cantuarii
pecuniam pro fcedere servato reddere promiserunt ; interea tamen
vulpino more Pagani noctu clam castris erumpentes, foedere disrupto,
et promissionem pecunise spernentes (sciebant enim majorem pecuniam
se furtiva prseda quam pace adepturos) totam orientalem Cantise
plagam depopulati sunt.
865. upbestgel] It is strange that the force of up should have
been overlooked by the classical scholars who have laboured on the
Chronicles, since it is exactly like the well-known use of ava> for
going up the country' or inland, from the coast. The enemy was
encamped on Thanet, but they stole a raid into the heart of the
country. In 901, where the transaction is all inland, the same ex-
pression occurs without up : cf. also 876. Other instances are, uppe
on londe, 897 (p 95 1) ; upbecoman = they landed, p i 15 ; upeodon,
998; upgang=3in inland expedition, 1009 (p 143): but the most
decisive place is in 1046 (i), seg'Ser ge upganges ge wseteres. Com-
pare ^Elfric's Homilies, vol. i. p 3 i 2 (Ed. Thorpe) ; where, speaking
of Pharaoh's pursuit of the Israelites into the Red Sea, Da^a he com
302 NOTES
on middan 'Ssere SEC, J>a waes f>aet Godes folc upagan = By the time he
(Pharaoh) had reached the middle of the sea, the people of God was
safe on shore. Also up on lande, id. p 162.
866 S. jeered] ^/Selred E. The form ^E]>ered is constant in
!S! here and 868 and elsewhere, not only of this king, but also of the
Archbishop ^E}>ered, 888. So also BCD agree with 'K, and E is the
earliest that introduces the form JLSelred. But at 888 all the MSS.
down to F agree in omitting the /.
867. ungecyndne cyning] See Abp. Trench on " a kindly king,"
in English Past and Present, p 136. Cf. infra, p 126 h, ... goda
]>urh gecyndne craeft= natures indole bonus (Gibson); and p 222 m,
Normandige f land wses his gecynde= Normandy was his birth-
right.
867. late on geare] The word late = serb, is a word which the
modern English possesses in common with the Low German dialects,
where the Hoch Deutsch has spat. At Hamburg, you may hear
the boatmen who have been in good time for a chance, call out to
those who come up afterwards, that they are ' al to laat.'
867. to j>am gecirdon ]>set] they resolved that they would fight
&c., MHB; they came to the resolution that &c., Thorpe.
871. wij? alne ]>one here on JSscesdune] This is the Battle
of Ashdown which the White Horse of Berkshire is supposed to
commemorate.
871 S. Meretune] MerantuneB; MereduneD; MareduneE; Me-
rentune F. Gibson says this is generally set down as Merdon (Wilts),
meaning the place which is now written Marden near Devizes
but that others maintain it is Merton 3 m. from Bicester. He com-
mends the enquiry to the attention of local antiquarians. Merton
in Surrey, mentioned 755, Gibson does not bring in here. So generic
a name is a poor geographical guide.
871. sumorlida] Miss Gurney translated this "summer pesti-
lence" on the authority of Lye ; and also because it appeared to her
more probable than the testiva qvies of Gibson, or the astivus exerciius
of ^Ethelweard and Henry of Huntingdon. Mr. Thorpe, Trans-
lation of Lappenberg, vol. ii. P45, pronounces Ethelwerd's version
4 undoubtedly right.' Lappenberg (Geschichte, vol. i. p 3 1 2) would
correct the text and read sumor IrSa, i . e. sestiva classis. But we find
y^lida for a ship in Beowulf 395. The accompaniments of the root
li^an=to go, cannot easily be separated off from those which belong
to the German verb leiden=to suffer. Diefenbach (Gothisches
Worterbuchj vol. ii. pi3i) throws them into one group, and re-
marks on the abnormal shifting of the dental, and also on the
NOTES 303
confused intermingling of the two senses, i. going, 2. suffering, which
he is at a loss how to connect, save by the medium-idea of fatigue.
He prefers after all to suppose that two distinct roots have run
together.
8;i3:. p 76. anlipig aldormon] Only in S. In B C D E the
adjective is dropped, and the substantive put in the plural. Gibson
translates, singulis ducibus. MHB has, single ealdormen. Mr. Thorpe,
individual aldermen. We have not in English a proper adjective
which like anlipig in Saxon and singulus in Latin conveys the
idea of numerous and solitary undertakings. Infra, p2i8 b, 'an
selpig' represents only one of these ideas, ' one single/ In the
parable where they received ' every man a peny,' and where the
Gospel has 'syndrige penegas,' a Homily has *j>a underfengon hi
senlipige penegas.' Thorpe's Analecta, p 74. In the Paris Psalter,
Ps. xiii. 2, it appears in the simple sense, 'no forSon anlepe' = non
est usque ad unum. In Wiclif it appears as oonlypi, Luke vii. 12 ;
viii. 42 ; ix. 38.
874. Hreopedune] Rippon C marg. : cf. 45 7 note.
874 2Y. anum unwisum] B C D E give the name, Ceolwulfe
anum &c. Of this Ceolwulf II. of Mercia there is extant ' a beautiful
and unique penny,' in the possession of Mr. Assheton. It is figured in
Mr. Hawkins's account of the Cuerdale coins : Numismatic Chronicle,
vol. v. p 10, 1843. Jubilee Edition of the Works of King Alfred,
part ii. p 142.
875. Hreopedune] Rypon non Rypton upon Trent C marg.
The annotator is mistaken. In Beda v. i . we have the Saxon form
for Rypon as 'Inhrypum/ This is rendered ' Repton' by MHB.
o
875- P 78- eft hergade on Peohtas] The correction of a oft
instead of eft is supported by the other Chronicles B C D E, and
justified by the sense. Here is a point in common with the Irish
Annalists. Ann. Ulst. 874. Congressio Pictorum/or Dubgallu (i. e.
against the Danes) et strages magna Pictorum facta est.
876. Her hiene bestsel se here into Werham Wesseaxna
fierde] In rendering this archaic passage, modern translators have
gone wrong, first by taking Asser and Florence for their guides rather
than the Saxon words ; and, next, by a misapplication of the Latin.
Thus the word fLerde has come to be a castle. ' Castellum' in Ass.
Flor. is (an extra, descriptive of Werham, but it is) not offered as
an equivalent of fierde ; he ignores the words ' Wesseaxna fierde/
The fact appears to be that the translator, whoever he was, of that
304 NOTES
version which is common (or nearly so) to Asser and Florence, seems
not to have found it convenient to render these words. It is of
course possible that they were absent in his copy the phrase would
still be complete without them (e. g. 865) but it is difficult to adopt
this explanation when we find the said words in R. B C D E. We have
the less hesitation in thinking that the same difficulty was felt by
the ancient as by the modern translators, because one of them, and
he the earliest to whom a date can be assigned, viz. ^Ethelweard,
has made the most romantic nonsense in his attempt to turn it into
Latin.
The obscurity results from two causes, i. The indistinctness of
the case- ending of flerde. It is a genitive, in construction with a
compound verb in be- privative. If it had been a conspicuous
genitive like 'rices besciered' 821,, no one would have mistaken
it. Or again, if it had had its article before it, as bestselon \>sere
fierde' = stole away from the army (Thorpe) in this same annal,
it would have been a little clearer. But, 2. what has tended still
more to obscure the relation between bestsel and flerde, is the
awkward and, I suppose we may say, archaic and even rude collo-
cation. In the case quoted from 821, as well as in the parallel
case in this same annal, the genitive is inseparate from its verb.
But the meaning certainly is : Here the invading force deluded the
national army and got into fVerham.
876. aj>as sworon on |>am halgan beage] beah. is generally
a ring; and thence particularly any circular ornament, frontlet,
bracelet, necklace ; all which notions may be seen condensed in its
modern form badge. Those who are familiar with the collections of
barbarian antiquities, such as are to be seen at Copenhagen or
Dublin, know how largely primitive wealth was invested in ringed
or spiral ornaments. The fashion survives in the ' crown' which is
its most select example, and in the e wedding ring' which is its most
universal. These are still 'holy badges' upon which oaths are
sworn. The Norsk name for the ring-oath was Baug-erSr: cf.
Egilsson in voc.
Other Saxon instances of the word may be seen, e. g. Cod. Dipl.
694 " anes beages is on syxtigum mancussum goldes" apparently
a golden crown 60 mancus- weight. In JElfric's Homilies, vol. i.
pp 416, 41 7, the martyr's ' crown of glory ' is wuldor-beah ; and he
who is ' crowned with glory' is (p 5 2) said to be gewnldorbeagod.
In Wright's Vocabularies, p 61, Dextrochirium=brad earm-beah ;
p 94, Umbo=rand-beah.
NOTES 305
The French retain the word in bague, a ring ; yet more significantly
in the phrase bagues et joyaux, for valuables in jewellery ; and une
bague au doigt=a. feather in one's cap.
876. and ergende wseron and hiera tilgende] "and were
ploughing and some of them (?) were tilling." This hiera seems to
be an archaic use of the genitive, in the sense of some=et- avr&v.
The Asser- Florence version is founded on a confusion with here =
army : " illamque cum suo exercitu coluit."
877. This annal is very awkwardly put together, but I do not
now, as I once did, suspect a dislocation. The sequence of events
is made clear, if we observe that " and se cyning JElfred sefter J>am
gehorsudan here mid fierde rad" looks back to the movement of the
mounted Danes at the close of the previous annal, and 'rad' may
conveniently be regarded as a pluperfect=Aac? ridden. The whole
of this sentence down to "... to ne meahte" is parenthetical, and
inserted here, because as the scene shifts from Swanawic to Exeter,
it is necessary to report how ^Elfred had come to Exeter. The treaty,
hostages, &c., are not therefore in consequence of Alfred's pursuit to
Exeter, but of the disaster at Swanawic.
In Florence the whole .narrative is omitted, which is strange, as
it is unconsciously repeated in Asser ; the first time more fully than
in the Saxon, and a second time more meagrely. The two relations
are given as of distinct events, and are connected by " Eodem anno."
This delusion is partly sustained by the diversity of corruption which
the name Swanawic has undergone. In one of the two accounts it
is Gnavewic, and in the other Suanavine. The superior purity of
the Saxon Chronicles appears here as at so many other places ; for
the modern name of Swanage bears testimony to the genuineness
of ' Swanawic' = the village of swineherds. Swanage has been thus
described by Mr. Kingsley : " A little semicircular bay on the E. of
the Isle of Purbeck, its northern horn of chalk cliffs, and the southern
of Purbeck marble. A quaint old-world village slopes down to the
water over the green downs; quarried like some gigantic rabbit-
burrow, with the stone- workings of 700 years. Land-locked from
every breeze, huge elms flourish on the dry sea-beach, and the
gayest and tenderest garden-flowers bask under the hot stone-walls."
Illustrated London News, December 26, 1857; * n connection with
Mr. Beckles's geological diggings.
878. buton )>am cyninge -ffiJlfrede] " Four words very powerful
in their plain simplicity" (Pauli).
878. sefter wudum] per sylvestria (Asser) : cf. p 90 h, sefter jjsem
wealda. In Somersetshire they still say, going along ' after the wall,'
R r
396 NOTES
' after the stream, to signify following the line of. It is by transition
from this usage, that we have the phrases * After this manner,' and
' Deal not with us after our sins.'
878. p 80. on West Seaxum on Defenascire] Asser describes
the scene of this decisive conflict by name, as ' Arx Cynuit/ Various
attempts have been made along the north coast of Devon to identify
this Arx Cynuit. Mr. Kingsley, in the opening of Westward Ho,
brings it in as one of the historical features of the neighbourhood of
Bideford. His young hero, temp. Eliz., is on the high ground that
overlooks the estuary of the Torridge. " Beneath him on his right,
the Torridge, like a land-locked lake, sleeps broad and bright between
the old park of Tapeley and the charmed rock of the Hubbastone,
where seven hundred years ago, the Norse rovers landed to lay siege
to Kenwith Castle, a mile away on his left hand ; and not three
fields away are the old stones of 'The Bloody Corner/ where the
retreating Danes, cut off from their ships, made their last fruitless
stand against the Saxon sheriff and the valiant men of Devon.
Within that charmed rock, so Torridge boatmen tell, sleeps now the
old Norse Viking in his leaden coffin, with all his fairy treasure and
his crown of gold ; and as the boy looks at the sppt, he fancies, and
almost hopes, that the day may come when he shall have to do his
duty against the invader as boldly as the men of Devon did then."
Such is the illusory effect of tradition, even in modern times, that a
mere conjecture of Camden's has taken root as a local reality. One
would suppose from the above, that there was a genuine ' Kenwith
Castle/ which the writer identifies with the historical event alluded
to. But Camden knew of no such name in his day. He says :
" Hinc Tawus Towridgi aquis auctior Sabrinianum mare petit. An
ver6 Chimligh ilia sit Kinuith castrum cuius meminit Asserius,
non facilS dixerim." A far more probable spot appears to me to be
' Countesbury' near Linton ; and possibly, if an elder form of that
name could be found, it might approach nearer to * Cynuit/
878. p 80. Ecgbryhtes stane] Probably the judgment-seat of
the district, and where the hundred-gemot or the scir-gemot was
held, as set JEgelno^es stane. Cod. Dipl. 755. The name has been
identified with Brixton Deverill near Warminster.
878 E. p 81. Wealwudu] All the earlier Chronicles have ' Sel-
wood/ but we need not suppose this to be a mere blunder of E. The
meaning of ' Selwood' is the * great wood/ and the meaning of
'Wealwudu' (cf. * Weallande/ 1040 E) is the ' Welsh wood/ Sel-
wood was for a long period the barrier between the Saxon and the
Welsh territories, and it is quite conceivable, that it may have been
NOTES 307
purposely spoken of as Welsh wood. At the risk of seeming to ex-
plain ignotum per ignotius, I cite ' Wychwood' as meaning ' Hwiccian
wood,' if we may be guided by the spelling ' Hwiccewudu' in Cod.
DipL 247.
878 IS 1 , p 80. behinon S9B]=on this side the channel. Infra,
p 84, behienan Wendel sse = this side the Mediterranean.
To this word answers the Latin citra, and that rare preposition
of middle English, behither, which is found in Barnabas Oley's
Preface to Herbert's Country Parson : " I have not observed any one
thing (behither vice) that hath occasioned so much Contempt to the
Clergy, as Unwillingness to take, or keep, a poor Living."
878. p 80 m. EJ>andune] Edyngton C marg. : cf. 457 note.
This place and Iglea have been variously identified. Iglea has
been fixed at Clay Hill near Warminster (Gough and Sir C. Hoare);
Leigh near Westbury (Gibson); Highley Common near Melksham
(Whitaker), which seems every way the most probable.
EJjandun has been identified with Edington near Westbury,
partly because of its name, and partly because of its White Horse
and Bratton Camp. Dr. Thurnam in Wiltshire Archaeological and
Natural History Magazine, 1 853, maintains the view of Mr. Whitaker,
that it is Yatton, five miles N. W. of Chippenham. I am inclined
to place it at Heddington, on the line of the Roman road from Bath
to Marlborough ; to* which it was assigned by Milner, History of
Winchester, 1798. Dr. Thurnam objects strongly to this opinion,
because the place is spelt Edin/on in Domesday.
878. p 80. Alre] Aller (Somersetsh.) locally pronounced Oiler.
Many years ago, a friend took me to view the place and to call on
Dr. Young, then Incumbent of Aller. My eye was caught by a vase,
looking like a rude font, erected at the bottom of the lawn. On
enquiry, it had been got out of the deep moat-like pond, which is at
the foot of the slope. From time immemorial this water had never
been cleared out, till Dr. Young had it done, and then this font
came to light. Everything about the present church betokens ener-
getic restoration in Norman times, and it is natural to conclude that
then this old font was thrown aside. Of course this cannot be the
very font at which Alfred stood sponsor to Guthrum ; for the simple
and conclusive reason, that such a thing is too good to be true.
878. p Sol. crismlising] chrismatis solutio. Asser. Flor.
This was a rite in use up to the Reformation, Maskell i. 36; iii.
xxi. note.
Unction (xpio-pa ; in English, ' chrism' and later ' chrysom ;' in
French, ' le saint chreme') was used in Baptism, Confirmation, Coro-
RT 2
3C8 NOTES
nation. A linen band was then put about the head or other anointed
part, and kept on for certain days. This was the vestis chrismalis,
pannus chrismalis, or simply chrismale. The removal was done with
ceremony, and in church (" tertia die vadant ... ad ecclesiam ad
chrismalia deponenda," Rubric in Maskell i. 36). This is the
crismlising.
After Coronation it was not removed till the eighth day. " In the
old account of the coronation of Henry VI. we find, after the
anointing : ' And then they leyd a certevn softe thynge to all the
places so annoynted. And on his hede dyd a white coyfe of silk,
and so he went and lay viij dayes. And the viijth daye they shuld
wasshe it of hym.' Also in the Devyse for the coronation of
Henry VIII : ' He shall put vpon the kyng's hed a coyfe, the same
to be broughte to the grete chamberlayne : whiche shall contynuelly
abyde on the kings hed to the viijth daye next folowing, at whiche
viij dayes [end], after a solempne masse seyd by a Bisshop before
the king, the seid Bishop shall take the coyf from the kyng's hed/ "
Maskell iii. xxi. From a note on this page in Maskell it would
appear that this passage of our Chronicle is the most ancient mention
known to Ritualists of the deposition of the Chrismale.
De Quincey ("Essays") says that, to this hour, in our London
bills of mortality, there is one subdivision headed, " Chrysom
children/' viz. those which have died within & month from birth.
It was the custom to bury them in baptismal robes ; to which the
northern Spaniards (Biscay) add, " A happy garland of the pure
white rose." The value anciently attached to chrism in baptism is
traceable in the fact, that the word stamped itself on a whole round
of objects. There was the chrysom itself, or act of anointing; the
chrysom-oil ; the chrysom- child ; the chrysom- vesture.
879. wicenga] This Saxon form is less delusive as to its ety-
mology than the Norsk form viking, which has suggested the erro-
neous connection with ' king.' Mr. Dasent has already pointed out
that this word is a derivative from vik = a creek, sinus mar is, which
might well have been the basis of their designation, as they used
creeks for piratical lurking-places. Possibly, however, a more general
sense attached to the word ; for vik was used also of the open sea,
and viking might have been merely ' son of the sea,' one who lived
by sea-plunder, a sea-rpver.
880. Ciren ceastre] cyceter C marg. : cf. 457 note.
881 . ufor] This is not merely ' further' (MHB), ' ulterius' (Grimm,
Gr. i. 247), nor ' up' (Thorpe) but as Ingram has it, ' higher up,'
superius, ai/a>re/>a>, It is the comparative of an old and lost uf (a
NOTES 309
dialectic variety of up) extant in German in the prep, auf but which
in the Northern dialects faded into of, (as ufor into ofor (882),
unde ofer, subst. adv. prep.) This modified or corrupt of came thus
to be confusable with our modern preposition of; and hence one
probable cause of the neglect of the former. But it is important to
make acquaintance with this of, because though nowhere found alone,
it continued in use in compounds. The A.S. verbs in of- have been
ill understood, from the error of association with of= afc = OTTO, instead
of of=ciuf, with a force in composition much like that of ofer-. The
simple positive uf or life we probably have in the proper name
Ufegeat (p 140) [ = Highgate]: also in Offa, Yffi (Bd. ii. 14, 20),
Yffe (560), Uffingas, Ubii. Comparative ufor, in its adj. use in
Bd. v. 2. on Ssem uferan daele = in superiore parte : Jos. iv. 6. on
uferum dagum, in days to come. Superlative, Gen. xl. 17. on 6am
ufemystan windle = in the uppermost basket. Adverb of place, ufan
=ava>0ev, desuper. In 882, feor (!X) is probably a mere error for
ufor, as appears from BCD.
883 E. selmessan to Rome J>e JElfred cing gehet J?ider]
F Lat. : Rex ^Elfredus misit elemosinam quam voverat dum sederet
contra exercitum cum paucis, cum multi essent inimici, Romse.
F 884. An insertion misplaced by a hundred years : this Chronicle
(F) has the death of ^E^elwold again under its true year 984.
885. p84- Wendel see] This name for the Mediterranean indicates
a time when that sea was known to the northern nations through or
in connection with the Slavonic people, who were formerly known
collectively by the name Winidae. See Professor Max Miiller's
Lectures, p 204.
886. |?e ser east gelende] qui antea in Oriente appulerant
(Gibson) ; that before were bent eastward (Ingram) ; which before had
drawn eastward (MHB); which had before landed in the east (Thorpe).
The reference is to the opening of 885, where the piratical army
parts in two, " o]?er dsel east" = altera pars Orientem versus. That
division which had then moved eastwards, now reversed its course.
This is plainly the sense ; but the word is not easily accounted for.
The same verb is used again below, p 92 t, in the participle, 'he wses
on herga^ gelend'=:^e was gone foraging : where it is a reiteration
of the ' ut afaren on herga]?' some lines above. I am not aware of
any instance of this verb in the sense of ' to land, appellere/ which
Mr. Thorpe has assigned to it in his Anal. Glos. v. Gelendian. There
>is a 'gelende' on p 45 of the Analecta (Ed. 1846) which has to
do with ' land' in the sense of ager : " pa seofon mynstru he gelende
310 NOTES
mid his agenum" = These seven minsters he endowed with land from
his own property. As the counterpart of this ' gelende,' we have in
Chronicle E (p 233 t) ' belende' = deprived of lands.
But this ' gelende' is quite foreign to our text, which has to do
with movement ; and if connected with ' land' at all, is so only in the
vaguest and most general way. We have our word again in Orosius,
Book iii. c. i. 4. Ed. Bosworth ; " sefter |>am Conon gelende to
Ahtene ;'' where Professor Bosworth has ju&tly rendered it, " Conon
came to Athens."
I suspect a connection between this verb and the adjective lang=
long ; of which we have derivatives signifying movement of the desires ;
e. g. langian, verlangen lango^, desiderium langung, desiderium
langung-hwil, tempus tadii : and we still use the verb to long for
the expression of urgent desire. I imagine then that * gelende' is quasi
'gelencgde' a preterite of 'lencgan or lengan,' of which we have
'lengde' below 1072, only in the sense of delay. Whether the Ger-
man ' lenken' is of this root or not, it is a very inviting word in this
connection. Sich rechts links lenken is just the notion required.
After five centuries we find it again, e. g. in " Cheuelere Assigne,"
line 5 (Roxburghe Club), not much modified in sense :
For this I saye by a lorde was lente in an yle
That was called Lyor, a lond by him selfe.
Also, compare Halliwell's Archaic Dictionary, v. lent; where is
cited the following MS. instance :
On a laund are thay lent
By a forest syd.
886. gesette -ZSlfred Lundenburg &c.] Interea obsidetur a
rege JElfredo urbs Lundonia : et quern ingenio quern occursu non super-
averat civilis discordia seeva, hunc ut redemptorem suscepere cuncti, et
maxime genus Saxonum, excepto Barbara? gentis et his qui sub manu
eorum turn captivi tenebantur. Etiam post nianus catervte confirmatas,
ibi constituitur dux jEthred & rege prcefato, custodiendi arcem. ^Ethel-
weard.
jElfred Angulsaxonum rex, post incendia urbium stragesque popu-
lorum, Lundoniam civitatem honorifice restauravit et habit abilem fecit;
quam genero suo ^Etheredo Merciorum comiti commendavit servandam,
ad quern regem omnes Angli et Saxones, qui prius ubique dispersi fue-
rant, out cum Paganis sub [v. I. sine] captivitate erant, voluntarie
converterunt et suo dominio se subdiderunt. Asser. Flor.
Hex Anglorum post incendia urbium stragesque populorum, Londoniam
NOTES 311
permaximam civitatem honorijice restauravit e$ habitabilem fecit, quam
Ethelredo prcecipuo duel Merciorum commendavit servandam. Omnes
verb, Angli et Saxones, qui prius ubi ubi erant dispersi cum Pagan is
aut d, captivitate liberati, venerunt sponte ad regis pnesentiam, sponte
se suo domino inclinantes. Ipse autem ut erat clementissima mentis
cunctis indulsit patrocinium SUCE benlgnitatis. Simeon Dunelm.
Alfredus rex Londoniam obsedit, quia maxima vis Dacorum secuta
fuerat Gallicanum exercitum, omnes autem Anglici statim ei subditi
sunt et receperunt eum. Dad numque avfugerunt. Rex verb tradidit
JEdredo duel civitatem in custodiam. Henry of Huntingdon.
King Alfred laid siege to the city of London and took it ; the Angles
flocked to him, and the Danes retreated. He entrusted Ethelred, the
earl of the Mercians, with the restoration of the city. Chron. Melrose
(tr. Stevenson).
In these versions there is a manifest contradiction. According to
some, London was desolate through the ravages of the wars (Asser,
Flor., Simeon) according to others, it was in a state fit to be
besieged (^Ethelweard, Hen. H., Melrose). Nay more, according to
Henry Hunt, the opportunity to lay siege to it arose out of the
abstraction of important numbers which had joined the army for
Gaul ; implying that its normal condition at that time was so
populous and strong as to defy attack.
It is plain to see that these conflicting accounts have risen out
of the text before us,, and how they have risen. The divergence was
caused by the different senses put upon the word gesette. This word
means founded, instituted, colonized, peopled (Oros. B. i. c. 10. 5. and
B. iii. c. 5. 2. Ed. Bosworth ; also see infra 890, the intr. gesaet) ;
but it seemed a strange thing to say of so ancient a city, that
"Alfred founded it." Hence the explanations of Asser- Flor. &c.
about the desolations of the wars, by which, in conjunction with a
modified version of gesette (viz. honorifice restauravit et habitabilem
fecit), the paradox of 'founding London' was eluded.
The other class of Latinizers could not by any contrivance bring
themselves to admit a founding or even a refounding of London, and
so they virtually changed gesette into bestet. Such a clumsy solution
need not astonish us either in ^Ethelweard (cf. Introduction) or in
Henry of Huntingdon (cf. p 1 13 note). They translated a word which
means he founded by he besieged.
Yet with all this violence, they are able to render better justice
to their original than the accommodating Asser-Flor. They are
able at least to bring out a reasonable sense, without disturbing the
order of the original. Which Asser-Flor. has not been able to do.
312 NOTES
For what sense could there be in interposing a general adhesion of
all Angli et Saxones everywhere, between what Alfred did for London,
and what hands he left the place in ? So Asser-Flor. has coupled the
two latter items, and then appended the adhesion. Both classes have
found it necessary to do violence to the text.
It is easier to see that the Latiners are wrong, than to supply the
correction. I offer the following rather with the hope of stimulating
enquiry, and particularly among local archaeologists, rather than as
expecting it will be received as final. London was a flourishing and
opulent city, the chief emporium of commence in the island, and the
residence of foreign merchants. Properly, it was now an Angle
city, the chief city of the Anglian nation of Mercia, but the Danes
had settled there in great numbers, and they had numerous captives
that they had taken in the late wars. Thus the Danish population
had a preponderance over the Anglian free population, and the
latter were glad to see Alfred come and restore the balance in their
favour. It was of the greatest importance to Alfred to secure this
city, not only as the capital of Mercia (caput regni Merciorum
Malmesb.), but as the means of doing what Mercia had not done,
viz. of making it a barrier to the passage of pirate ships inland.
Accordingly, in the year 886, Alfred planted the garrison of London
(i. e. not as a town is garrisoned in our day, with men dressed in
uniform and lodged in barracks, but) with a military colony of
men to whom land was given for their maintenance, and who would
live in and about a fortified position under a commanding officer.
It appears to me not impossible that this may have been the first
military occupation of Tower Hill, but this is a question for the
local antiquary.
All I would insist upon here, is this ; that Lunden burh is not to
be taken as merely equivalent to Lunden. 1 have counted 63 places
in the Chronicles in which the latter occurs, but I have only been
able to discovery instances of Lundenburh. In one of these, 896
init., the Danes are said to have gone up the Lea and made a strong
work 20 miles above Lundenburh. This description would be par-
ticularly appropriate, if Lundenburh occupied the site of the Tower.
Also, one then sees why they should go up the Lea, viz. because
their old passage up the Thames was intercepted. Upon this view,
the whole sentence is in sense and order : The same year Alfred
founded the burh of London, and he was joined by all Londoners of
Angle-race who were not compulsorily prevented by Danish servitude.
And he committed the burh to aldorman Atf&ered to hold.
I know not how much weight is to be given to the text of F in
NOTES 313
this place, but it certainly has an appearance of being independent
of the other Chronicles, and it rather lends countenance to the em-
phasis I have claimed for the word burh. Her gesette JElfred dng
\a burh Lundene. and him call Angelcynn tocyrde.
It is a pleasure for once to observe that ^Ethelweard, against whom
we have so much to say, is here (as the nearest in date ought to be)
the best interpreter (e. g. catervce arcetn), so far as his meaning can
be discerned through the mist of his puzzle-headed rhetoric.
887. The deposition of Charles-le-Gros. His accession is given
above at 885 ; both dates true. For the details of Carlovingian
affairs, consult the voluminous " Histoire Litteraire da la France,"
by the Benedictines of St. Maur.
887. p 86. togeboren] born to the inheritance of the empire.
The to here acts a semi-prepositional part, as in to gehalgode
three lines above. But the compiler or copier of E in the twelfth
century, though he understood to gehalgode, did not understand
togeboren. The verbal prefix to, so largely used in our ancient
language, had already begun to fade out of importance, in proportion
as it extended its purely prepositional functions. Within the literary
period since 1611, educated men lost sight (for a time) of the mean-
ing of a verb compounded with this prefix, although it stood in a
tolerably conspicuous situation, viz. Judges ix. 53.
887. p 86. -ZEjjelhelm aldor mon] JEthelhelm comes Wiltunen-
sium (Asser). At the record of his death, below 898, he is called
in H, &8elm Wiltunscire ealdormon. He is a person of mark, as the
protector of the young Dane Odo, who was driven from his home
for embracing Christianity, and who afterwards became Archbishop
of Canterbury. Dean Hook, vol. i. p 362.
887. p 86 ; and 888. Isedde . . . selmessan] So in Yorkshire
they talk of leading hay, leading corn &c. from the field, in carts and
wagons. The modern phraseology is, ' to convey certain presents,
&c.' Dean Hook, vol. i. p 364.
Chaucer's Ploughman in the Prologue, 1.532, was one 'That
hadde ilad of dong ful many a fothur,' i. e. who had carried a-field
a great many horse-loads of dung. This reading has been restored
in the Edition of the Percy Society, by Mr. Thomas Wright.
891. butan selcum gere^rum] Stevenson translates " without
any rudder." Ingram, " without any oars." The Saxon comprises
both. The rowage and steerage were not so distinct as now. The
steering was done by oar over the ship's side, as may be seen in old
illuminations. Hence the term ' starboard' = " the steering side."
In Ohthere's Narrative (Oros. i. i) steorbord and bsecbord stand for
ss
314 NOTES
starboard and larboard. But perhaps Gibson's " sine ullo remige" is
the best of all. In the Vocabularies we find Remex, re]?ra (Wright,
p 48) : Nauta, gere}>ru as well as Aplustre, gere}>ru (p 56):
Remex vel nauta, re^ra (pp 73, 88). By butan selcum gere^rum
was probably meant, without any mariners to navigate the craft.
891. Xnd Swifneh sebetsta lareow J>e on Scottum wses
gefor.] The cast of this phrase implies the scholastic celebrity which
Ireland at this time enjoyed among the nations. " Swifneh died,
chief doctor in Hibernia, the Academy of Europe." Scotus Erigena
[Erin-born Scot], the beacon of learning and the ornament of the
Frankish Court, was dead a few years earlier. Mr. Goldwin Smith
says : " Daring the seventh and eighth centuries, and part of the
ninth, Ireland played a really great part in European history." Irish
History and Irish Character, p 28. It will please a philological eye to
see these foreign names in their native form. Through the zeal of
the Dublin scholars, the stores of Irish History are now open, and
the distinguished names of each period are accessible. These four
names are all found in the Index to the Annals of Ireland, by the
Four Masters (Ed. O'Donovan), as borne by memorable personages
about this date. The Irish forms are,
Dubshlaine,
Mac Beathaidh,
Maolionmain (Maelinmhain, Mod. Irish),
Suibhne.
The latter the great teacher of Ireland is identified in the Irish
Obituary of 887. He is " Suibhne, son of Maclumha, anchorite and
scribe of Cluain-mic-Nois." The Editor notes that the date 892
given in Sax. Chron. is the true year of his death, and that a tomb-
stone inscribed with hia name is still preserved at Clonmacnoise.
He refers to Petrie's Round Towers, p 323.
Of the three pilgrims, it is possible that one of them is the
" Maolionmairi eccnaidh ancoire Glinne da locha" = wise man and
anchorite of Glendaloch ; whose death is recorded in 953, sixty years
after the present date. The probability is greatly heightened by the
fact that this is the only individual of the name in the Index.
891 . same] An archaism which has survived the handling of the
copier in this manuscript only. All the others have altered it to
sume, a foolish reading as if there were two opinions, and "some
men" held the identity of the comet with the stella crinita. It
is either a relative pronoun = " which same," cWep ; or else an
adverbial conjunction, meaning likewise, withal, pariter, etiam. The
latter is- rendered the more probable by Csedmon 397, swa some =
NOTES 315
likewise ; and by passages in Alfred's version of Boethius, where we
have swa same, or eac swa same, i. e. ' likewise also.' In
Orosius, P45 Ed. Bosworth, women fight as well as (swa same swa)
men; and in Apollonius, p 3, Ed. Thorpe, we read that he who
rightly answered the riddle was led to execution swa same swa,
i. e. just the same as he who interpreted it wrongly. This phrase is
frequent in Old Saxon in the form so same ; see Schmeller's Heliand,
Glossary, v. Same. Also Ettmiiller, Lex. Sax. p625.
In another form it occurs in Orosius, cap. i. Narrative of Wulfstan,
where a tribe of Esthonians is said to possess the art of making water
to freeze, sam hit sy sumor, sam winter, just the same, whether it
be winter or summer. Numerous examples of sam-, as a particle in
composition, may be seen in Grimm, Gr. ii. p 764.
893 K. Bunnan] to bunan C ; Boloniam que et bononia,
hodie boleyn C marg. : cf. 457 note.
893 . swa j>aet hie asettan him on senne si)>] Cf. i oo i : swa $
hy upp asetton on senne sty ....... swa -j> hy asettan him upp on
a3nne srS.
893 25. If8 ut of J>8em wealda] runs out of the weald. 115 3rd
sing. pres. of liSan, to go, to pass, to move; from which came a
family of words, mostly appropriated to navigation. See Ettmiiller's
Lexicon, p 190. Compare the following from a Copenhagen MS.
(communicated in Archaeological Journal, 1859) : Se j>e brS of earde
and feor of his cy^e. hu ma?g he ham cuman gif he nele leornian
hu se weg lioge j>e IrS to his cy&Se ? = He who is absent from his
land and far from his people, how can he get home if he will not
learn how the way lies that goes to his country ?
893. on )>a ea hi tugon up hiora scipu o)>)>one weald, iiii
rnila fram J>sem mujjan utan weardum] They towed their ships
up that river so far as the weald, four miles from the outside of the
harbour. So much has the coast changed in that part, that there
is no river now to be found which would admit the Danish ships.
(As to their probable size, see note on 787.) But there are three
places where, in the early condition of this shifting shore, vessels may
have passed up to what is now the high land N. of the shore. Ac-
cording to the present aspect of the ground, Rye seems the most
likely spot, as indicating the former outflow of a large river ; next in
promise, comes Romney, where there must once have been a large
estuary. When we search for the inland spot towards which they
made their way, it is the gap between Appledore and Ebony Chapel
that is selected alike by the explorer of the country and the explorer
of the map. There is a line of fault in the deeper seated strata
s s2
316 NOTES
from Tenterden through the alluvial plain by Appledore, and ex-
tending on towards Romney, which may indicate an old channel.
Probably there were two or three outlets diverging by Appledore.
The elevated ground of Appledore, Playden, Ebony Chapel, Ken-
nardington, &c., probably once formed the actual coast-line. These
were high lands in early British times, with inlets of the sea con-
verging to the N. W., and receiving the currents of the Weald
country. That there was once a capacious river crossing the plain,
was proved not many years ago by the discovery of a large vessel
which was dug out of the alluvial soil two miles E. of Newenden.
But neither Rye nor Romney will satisfy all the conditions for
identification with the mu}>a of the text. Off at the eastern extreme
of the plain we observe the name Lympne, which obviously claims
connection with the ancient river ' Limen,' as well as with the harbour
and Roman station ' Portus Lemanis,' which has been fixed in the
Ordnance Map near Lympne. The question then rises, whether
there was ever a river skirting that side of the plain and running
out by Hythe. There is physical evidence to shew that the expanse
of shingle between Hythe and Dymchurch is a very modern deposit,
and that it is now gradually increasing. And there is some remarkable
documentary evidence. In Cod. Dipl. 47 (A. D. 715) certain land is
defined as lying " ad australem quippe fluminis qua? appellatur
limin aea," the river being the N. boundary : and in No. 234
(A. D. 833) the river Limen or Limin is used as a S. boundary
"ab austro fluvius qui dicitur limin aee." In both these cases, the
river is represented as holding a course E. and W. This evidence,
joined with the other data, helps to the conclusion that in the eighth
and ninth centuries a river ran from Appledore due E. towards
Hythe, where was a harbour which is now represented by the shingle
between Hythe and Dymchurch. The line of this river would be
nearly the same as that of the new canal. It appears then that so
late as the close of the ninth century, the river Limen flowing out
by Hythe was the chief effluent of this Delta ; but that the channel
being silted up and the harbour filled with shingle, all superficial
evidence of this river has disappeared. It seems that the next chief
outlet was by way of Romney, perhaps not a great while after
the Conquest. At length Romney harbour itself was stopped by a
great storm about 300 years ago, which closed the inlet with shingle.
Since that, the chief drain of water has been through the Rother to
Rye, and this remains now the only extant channel of the three. At
first, the three coexisted, though the other two may have been in-
significant while the Limen was in full action. Of one we find
NOTES 317
mention in Cod. Dipl. 1072, Jlumen quod vocatur Rumen ea ; and of
the other we have evidence in the name Bother, which is an ancient
river name, far older than the highest date contemplated in this
note.
As to the shifting character of this district, Mr. Etheridge of the
Geological Survey of Great Britain, to whom I am indebted for the
materials of this note, says, that Lydd and New Romney once stood
on the shore, and the coast is now increasing at the rate of eight
yards per annum, the Lighthouse on Denge beach standing so much
farther in every year. " I think the great alluvial plain of Romney
Marsh and Walling Marsh covers up much of the early Physical
History of that coast. There is no reason whatever why, in former
times, there may not have been an extensive river running up to
Appledore either from Romney or Rye or even Hythe."
There can be no doubt that ^puldre, which is mentioned in the
next paragraph, and again on p 91 , as the station of the Danish ships,
is identical with this Appledore. The clearance of the forest of the
Weald has caused the rivers to shrink, as the clearance of the sides
of the Apennines has made the Campagna suffer from drought.
894 t. foregisla] It is not clear what is the signification of the
fore- here and at 877, 878. Whether it expresses the representative
function of the hostages, as being for their nation, or whether it
signifies hostages from the foremost persons. Asser ad loc. speaks
of "electos obsides." Except this, there is nothing in the Latin
historians to distinguish foregislas from the simple gislas. But
in 877 and 878, where hostages and oaths are combined, the latter
are in both cases magnified by the adj. micle, so that fore would
appear to have a like effect on the former.
894 h. o}>]>e on heora healfe an. pa] A too rigid adherence to
the MS. has here led me into an impracticable reading. The testi-
mony of the next MSS. is for the reading, o\\e on heora healfe.
Ond }>a &c.
894 h. rymet] room, space, opening. This uncommon word is
found in Joshua i. 3, and it occurs repeatedly in Cod. Dipl. 594.
894 h. bi swa hwa]?erre efes swa hit f>on flerdleas wses]
The word efes, which we retain only for the eaves of the roof, seems
to have been habitually appropriated to the maryent'of the wood:
cf. Cod. Dipl. 209, to J>aes wudes efese = to the wood's edge ; 353, o$
hit circled to fcrcre efese. 'Sonne a norS be wyrtwalan &c. ; also 715,
Hrisebyrgan be Cilternes efese = Risborough on the edge of Chiltern.
894 1. here hyS] army -supplies, provisions. See notes to S.
Maria ^Egyptiaca, p 1 15.
318 NOTES
894 b. iggaS] river-island, 'eyot.'
stemn gesetenne] stemninge gesetene B C ; steminge ge-
setene D. Here we have the participle of an intransitive verb in
concord with its indirect object, which is rather super-grammatical.
It seems to have been attracted into conformity with the ' mete
ge notudne' that was coming, and which is quite normal, as ' mete'
is, in technical grammar, an accusative governed by 'notian.'
Chaucer has,
It is ful faire a man to bear him even
For al day meten men at unset steven. C.T. 1525.
In this passage the verb is settan\.o appoint, statuere ; but in our
text it is sittan^to sit, seder e. For want of observing this dis-
tinction, Ettmuller (Lex. p 728) has wrongly rendered this place,
illi habuerunt tempus prcestitutum. It is, They had sate out or served
their term of service : cf. 92 i, se fird stemn for ham.
894. p9ih. buton swi]?e gewaldenum daele easteweardes
}>3d8 folces] besides a very considerable body moving eastward, but
they were of the people, self-enlisted volunteers, and no part of the
Herd. This distinction bet ween folc and fierd appears again, p 107 h,
' gegadorode micel folc hit.'
894. p 92 t. cumpseder] The Latin word compater, which pro-
bably at this date was still understood in its etymological sense, of
the relation subsisting between two men who were godfathers to
the same child, or between a godfather and the natural father.
Alfred and y^Sered were both in this relation to Hsesten, as appears
in the previous sentences. Cf. Cod. Dip). 709, Eadrico meo compatri.
The word soon became generalized ; and in the Lexicon Manuale
Jnfimce Latinitatis, par Maigne D'Arnis, it is rendered " Sodalis,
amicus ; camarade, ami." It began and ended much as our gossip
(Sax. God sib, quasi coram Deo affinis).
Mary Queen of Scots, writing to the Constable de Montmorency,
begins " Man Compere;" in which case Miss Strickland says it was
merely a term of familiarity. However, we find the feminine still in
earnest use, in a letter of Melville to Queen Elizabeth, asking her to
be gossip at the baptism of Mary's infant son James. For (says he)
in England they call the comers (commeres) gossips.
894. p 92 m. Buttingtune] Two places have hitherto contended
for this site, viz. Bodding-ton near Cheltenham and Buttington in
Montgomeryshire near Welshpool. But Mr. Ormerod (Archaeologia,
vol. xxix ; and Strigulensia, p 60) has put forward a claim for But-
tinton in Tidenham, on the peninsula formed by the Severn and the
Wye. There are traces of works here, though less considerable than
NOTES 319
those at Buttington in Montgomeryshire. Mr. Ormerod grounds his
claim mainly upon Matthew of Westminster's " paganos tarn navali
quam terrestri exercitu circumcinxit." No such thing appears in the
text before us, but to the opposite effect. One is almost tempted to
suspect that this ' Verwirrer der Geschichte (as Lappenberg calls
Matthew of Westminster) caught sight of ' sciphere' in the next line
and imagined the rest. But it must be allowed, Mr. Ormerod's
position has its advantages. It does not, however, suit ' J>a up be
Sseferne,' if this means that they went up-stream, which would seem
to be its meaning, though not in Florence.
894. p 92 1. miclne] The omission of the ' e' is not mere haste ;
B has myclne. It is as proper a form as micelne.
894. p93. westre ceastre] Westcti civitas legion est C
marg. : cf. 457 note. They reached a waste or deserted fortress in
Wirrall called Legaceaster. This is the true source of the name of
" West Chester," which Richard of Cirencester, a contemporary of
Chaucer, identifies with Deva, B. i. c. 6. 27. All idea of this name
having any connection with the ' West' is dissipated by this place
in the Chronicle, for west=occidens, cannot take the inflection
westre. That Chester was for a period desolate, like Uriconium
or Silchester, may surprise any one to whom it is new, but it is no
way contrary to the analogy or probability of history.
894. p93. on selcere efenelrSe] on every plain, or pasture field.
The substantive efenelrS is the abstract of efen=even, smooth ; and
corresponds to the OHG forms ebanod, in. ; e\)a.nbti,f.=planities
(cf. Graff) . This word both in England and in Germany has served
for local names : we have it well preserved in Emneth near Wisbeach ;
and in Germany are found Ebriet, Ebnit, Breitebnet. Die Deutschen
Ortsnamen von Ernst Fbrstemann : Nordhausen, 1863, p 62.
895. onforan winter] on forwerdne B ; on forweardne C ;
on forweard D.
896. p 94 h. gerypon .... ripes] In Mr. Wright's dnglo-Saxon
Vocabularies, p 74, Messor, riptere ; Messis, gerip: cf. Matth. ix.
38. In Somersetshire ' reaping' is pronounced 'ripping.'
gehawade] surveyed, inspected, reconnoitred; perlustravit. In
Zosimas Fragm. p 108. 1. 22. to J>sere halgan Godes cennestran
hawiende=intuens, drevi^ova-a. Paris Psalter xiii. 3. See the few
words of this family in Ettmuller, p 485 ; who observes that its ana-
logue is not found in the other dialects.
Cwat brycge] Brycge D ; below Bricge B C, and Brygcge D.
Gibson shews it to be Bridgenortb, which place in his day was still
known as ' Brigge.'
320 NOTES
896. p94m. stsel wyrfte] The rendering ' captu dignse' of Gibson
is based on association with the verb 'to steal,' which is incongruous
here. This stsel is identical with the German Ste\le=place, room,
station: and ships are stselwyrSe which are fit for their place,
worthy of their post, seaworthy, serviceable. An analogous com-
pound may be seen p 95 m, nytwyrSoste ;' and in Boethius xl. i,
*nytwyr]>e.' The first English translation of this word is by Mr.
Thorpe, who renders it by a later form of itself, stalworth. The only
form of this word known to modern English is the Scottish (?) form
stalwart; or it may be the alterate of stealweard, custos loci, the
keeper and maintainer of the position.
I am indebted to my friend Mr. Baron for some excellent illus-
trations of this hitherto obscure word. Wiclif in Dan. viii. 24, " and
his strengthe schal be maad stal worth e" = et roborabitur fortitude
ejus (Vulg.) other instances in the Glossarial Index of the Oxford
Edition. See also references in H. Coleridge's Glossarial Index, v.
stalward and following words. Mr. Baron gives me Stallworthy
as an existing surname.
Since the above was written, I have been surprised to find that
Miss Gurney (1819) has here the palm over all the translators before
or since. Thus : And all that were serviceable they brought into
London.
897. p95 h. geSungnestan] Again 905. In Mr. Wright's Vo-
cabularies, P47, " Emeritus, provectus, ge)>ungen."
897. p 95 m. unwealtran] less liable to roll ; unwaltier as we may
say now, since Longfellow has restored the word to literature, in
"The Phantom Ship" (1858):
But Master Lamberton muttered,
And under his breath said he,
" This ship is so crank and walty
I fear our grave she will be !"
D has here the very beautiful and interesting v. 1. untealtran=/ess
tilty.
897. p 95 m. uter mere] = outer sea, open sea; as opposed to the
creek or aestuary. Chaucer, Cant. Tales, 1. 15966, has " to thin utter
eyen" which is rendered in the margin of one of the MSS. "ex-
terioribus oculis" (Tyrwhitt). Troil. iii. 665. "And I wol in that
utter house alone."
897. p 96 h. cynges geneat] " Lye understands this as meaning
' the king's neat-herd ;' but ' geneat' signifies a companion, and is
probably the Saxon representative of the Latin comes." (Stevenson)
Geneat is the German genoffen. In the Laws of Ine, 19, the
NOTES 321
wergild of a cynges geneat is 1 2005., the same as that of a cyninges
J>egen, and the high rank of the title is apparent here from the fact
of particular mention. See Schmid, v. geneat.
897. p 96 m. Wealh gefera] Wealhgerefa BCD, which Kemble
(Saxons, vol. ii. p 178) adopts, without noticing the reading of 'R.
The same variation occurs on the previous page, line 4 ; where BCD
read wicgerefa. Kemble thinks he was a royal reeve to whose care
Alfred's Welsh serfs were committed - } and is not inclined to think
that he was a margrave, commissioned to watch the Welsh border.
I must think the reverse, as I know nothing about Alfred's Welsh
serfs, and as there is evidence that the Welsh border was continually
under surveillance. The king of Mercia had been wont to keep
guard along the line of Offa's Dyke. The property in that neigh-
bourhood was subject to an impost for the maintenance of this
guard. In 855, Burgred, king of Mercia, gave land to the monastery
of Blockley in Worcestershire, adding to his gift an exemption d,
pastu et refectione illorum hominum quos Saxonice nominamus Walh-
fareld (Cod. Dipl. 278), by which I understand the patrolling corps
on the Welsh border. The same body seems spoken of C 1053,
pi 88 of this vol.: "'Ssera weardmanna" = the ward-men who were
slain by the Welsh near Westbury. Whether we read Wealhgefera or
-gerefa, I understand the commander of this force, charged with the
defence of the border ; and I prefer Wealhgefera because of its
correlativeness with Walhf8sreld= Wallica expeditio. At a later
period, the line was fortified with castles. We read of William Rufus
in 1097, he be }>am gemceron castelas let gemakian.
In a genuine charter of the eighth century, Cod. Dipl. 95, one
Alda signs as cinges gefera.
901. "Albrit rex Giuoys moritur" (Annales Cambrise), i.e. rex
Gewissorum.
901. Da gerad .... pa rad . . . . ] Here is a good place for ob-
serving a special use of the prepositive ge-. It has not unfrequently
the force of turning an intransitive verb, such as * to go,' 'to ride/ into
a transitive ' to go and get/ ' to ride and win/ or ' to win by going,
by riding &c.' So here, ^E^elwald rode and secured the ham . . . . ,
and thereupon the king rode with the militia till &c.
A strong instance is gewinnan (1090) = to win; which sense,
now so intimately identified with this root, is not in the simple verb
winnan until compounded with ge. Winnan is to toil, fight,
contend: gewinnan is to get by striving, fighting, contending;
i. e. in one word, to win : cf. 685.
901. Tweoxneam] "hodie, ab aede Christo sacra, Christ-
T t
322 NOTES
church ; olim, quod inter amnes interpositum, Twinamburne, eodem
plank sensu quo Italiae Interamna. Hsec Camd. in descriptione agri
Hamtunensis. Certe vox Saxonica Tweoxneafm] (quae duplicem
fluvium significat [rather, inter fluvios}} antique isti noraini optimo"
respondet, nee, mea quidem opinione, alibi quserendus est hie locus.
Quod etiam confirmat Winburnce (agri Dorsaetensis oppidi) vicinitas ;
haec enim duo, parvo temporis intervallo, dicitur ^Ethelwaldus in
suam potestatem redegisse." Gibson.
901 . p 98. pa berad mon )>set wif] The lady was arrested sud-
denly by surprise on the part of those who claimed her. Those who
had might to capture or imprison a legal adversary were allowed
under certain conditions the right of doing so, in the Laws of Alfred
(42, i ); and in this concession the verb beridan occurs as descrip-
tive of the process that would be used.
905 . Crecca gelade] Crac- B ; Creacc- C ; Greece- D. Below
1016, it is by C spelt Cregelade ; by E, Craecilade ; by F r Crecalade.
Now Cricklade. All these are varying forms of the British cerrig=
a stone.
917. Hocneratime] Hocenertune BC; Hocceneretune D. In
Cough's Camden ii. p 14. this is identified with ' Hocknorton or
Hokenorton' (Oxon), now written Hook Norton. "The large
round barrows of Tadmerton were probably cast up on this occasion
by the Danes, and the smaller (rather square) at Hocknorton by the
Saxons."
918. Lidwiccum] Cf. 885 (p 84). A strange derivation of this
name is given in a (doubtful) passage of Nennius xxiii : " Britones
namque Armorici, qui ultra mare sunt, cum Maximo tyranno hinc
in expeditionem exeuntes, quoniam redire nequiverant, occidentales
partes Gallise solo tenus vastaverunt nee mingentes ad parietem
vivere reliquerunt : acceptisque eorum uxoribus et filiabus in con-
jugium, omnes earum linguas amputaverunt, ne eorum successio
maternam linguam disceret ; unde et nos illos vocamus in nostra
lingua Letewicion, id est semitacentes, quoniam confuse" loquuntur."
Whatever this be worth, it illustrates Ethnic Names of the ftapftapot
type. See a collection of these in Words and Places, by Rev. Isaac
Taylor, c. iv. Camden says : " Haec regio primum Armorica dicta
erat, i. ad mare sita, deinde BritanicS Llydaw, i. littoralis, Latind
Letavia apud nostros mediae aetatis scriptores, unde Letos fuisse sus-
picor quos in Gallia nominat Zosimus, postrem6 Britannia Minor a
Britannis nostris :" p 57. Ed. 1594. Is it possible that the corrupt
' Lemo vices' in Caesar's Catalogue of the Armorican States (B. G.
vii. 75) may be our ' Lidwiccas' in disguise ? Mr. Thorpe (Lappenberg,
NOTES 323
vol. ii. p 95) thinks the form ' Lidwicingum* in 885 (C D), and in the
Traveller's Song, would countenance a derivation from lid, ship, and
wicing, pirate. It is not at all improbable that these words may
have had an after-influence on the Saxon form of the name, in the
way of what the Germans call 5clf&eti)mctogie,
918. be J>am see] Instead of sse, BCD have sta'Sum. The text
of X appears imperfect as it stands ; the intended expression was
probably be j?am sseriman; as in p 95111, and E 991, 994. We
should hardly expect to find see masculine at this date, and even if
the gender were not a difficulty, the expression is at best a strong
solecism.
Of the word stafrum we have a dative -singular, pp5 h, be j?eni
su^stse^e. The change of the inner vowel SB in the singular, and
a in the plural, depends on the principles of what Grimm (Deutsche
Grammatik, Bk. i) has named Umlaut and Ruckumlaut. This fine
point of orthography had vanished by the time of La3amon : " uppen
Seuarne staj>e," 1. 7. And the word itself has quite dropped out of
standard English. But it still retains a good local hold ; see Halli-
well's Archaic Dictionary, v. Stathe. In Aldhelm's Psalter xxii. 2
(our xxiii) it stands : And fedde me be wsetera sta'Sum.
918. Cameleac] Cimeliauc bishop of Llandaff. Stubbs, p 156.
Ircinga felda] " Fortasse ab Arwonio veteri oppido, cujus in hoc
tractu meminit Antoninus, inquit Camd." (Gibson). Ariconium
seems to have been either at Ross or at Weston-under-Penyard,
2 m. from Ross. Was Ircinga feld an old name of the Forest of
Dean or of an open tract at the north of it ? The name implies an
open wild or forest country, as in the Norwegian ' Dovre Fjeld ;'
and as in the ' fells' of Cumberland. The modern use of ' field,'
ager, had not yet come in. The word for this was <ecer (i 130), as
in German also Slcfer.
918. pearruc] This word is quite a curiosity, to appear here in
an Englisc text of the tenth century. It is one of the few Keltic
words which continued to hold a place in the language of the Anglo-
Saxons. At their first occupation of the country they adopted many
words from the older inhabitants. But these borrowings were local,
and rarely came to the surface of general literature. This word lay
for centuries in obscurity, till it came to light in the modern park.
It still exists in spoken British. In French-Brittany it is the most
common word for a small close or paddock near home. Also, in
Devonshire, small fields near the farm-house are often named, Little-
Park, Great-Park, Higher-Park, &c. See Halliwell's Archaic Dic-
tionary, v. Park. The modern and grandiose use of the word park
Tt2
324 NOTES
is apt to mislead us, unless we observe the fundamental idea of ,a
(little) inclosure of ground from the open country. The inclosure
is the point in the text; the enemy once in it were as in a trap.
There is an interesting parallel in Boethius xviii. 2, where the com-
paratively small area of the habitable world (rj OCKOV/ZCI^) is dwelt
on. In the previous chapter it was swelee an lytel caferttin=
like a little court. But in cap. 2. it is on Sisum lytlum pearroce.
I think Forstemann (Ortsnamen, p 83) is mistaken in identifying
Park with ahd. pferrich, nhd. pferch=a hurdle, pen for cattle; ex-
cept in so far as it may have got blended with the Keltic word.
918. p 104. hsefde funden j?set] effecerat ut. In the Lindisfarne
Gospels, Matt. xiii. 22, efficitur=:gefunden bi8.
918. p 104. eetswummon] D has oSswymman mihton. The
prepositional prefix set bears here and in some other compounds
the notion of escape, exemption, deprivation; they swam away, got
away by swimming. So likewise setbregdan ; e. g. Sy 'Sam arleasan
eetbroden seo gesihS Codes wuldres is the rendering of Tollatur
impius ne videat gloriam Dei (verbally thus : Impio auferatur visio
Dei gloria?), ^Elfric, Horn. i. psoo. setberstan : setfleon : sst-
windan : e. g. setfleon ne mihte = could not escape, Joshua x. 35
in Job i. the repeated phrase, " and I only am escaped alone to tell
thee," is thus variously rendered in the A. S. version ; and ic ana
setbserst j?set ic J?e ]>is cydde ic ana sstwand ic ana
setneah (Thwaites, Kept, p 1 65). See also below in the Glossary,
vv. (stbterst, cetbr&d.
921. p 106 t. Wiginga mere] We must not stray across the
country to fix this place, as Gibson does, at Wigmore in Hereford-
shire. Mr. Thorpe (ap. Flor.) says, " Supposed to be Waymere
Castle, on a small island near Bishop's Stortford." This at least
keeps to the right side of the map. Yet in his Index to the Saxon
Chronicle, Mr. Thorpe has gone back to Wigmore in Herefordshire !
If we consider the whole list of fortifications, which Eadweard esta-
blished between 9 [3 and 924, we see that they must be regarded as
a series, and identified with one continuous line of country : Hertford,
Witham (Essex), Buckingham, Bedford, Maldon, Towcester, Wiginga-
mere, Huntingdon, Colchester, Stamford, Tamworth, Nottingham,
Thelwall, Manchester, Nottingham (the south burg), Bakewell.
92 1. p 1 06 h. hlaf msessan] What the origin of this hlaf is, has
puzzled many. Macpherson, in his Ed. of Wyntoun, conjectured
that Lammas was curt for " S. Petri ad Vincu/a mass." This may
seem too ingenious to be true, but there is no better explanation as
yet. We do find this feast spoken of by the abbreviation of " Ad
NOTES , 325
Vincula," e. g. in Mr. Shirley's Letters of the Reign of Hen. III., No.
xxxiii : " nona die ante Ad Vincula." If this is the derivation, the
H and F have come in on a false understanding, and the later form
' Lammas' is the better.
921. p 107 m. wicinga sesc manna] Both translated
pirates by Florence : " Quod Dani East-Angliam incolentes graviter
ferentes, suamque injuriam ulcisci cupientes, cum piratis quos in aux-
ilium sibi contraxerant ad Mseldunam profecti sunt, et earn tamdiu
obsidentes impugnabant, quoad Anglis de finitimis locis auxiliarii
venissent ; quos cum Dani adventare vidissent, ab urbis impugnatione
recesserunt. Hoc viso, Angli illos magno impetu persecuti, multa
millia et de piratis et de cseteris prostraverunt, reliquos vero fuga-
verunt."
921. p 107 m. ge wreean hira teonan] suamque injuriam ulcisci
cupientes, Flor. The phrase lived on into the fourteenth century
it is found in the Tale of Gamelyn, which is included in the
Canterbury Tales in some editions, but which is somewhat older
than Chaucer. " Gamelyn overtook the porter, and his teene
wrak." Chaucer, Ed. R. Bell, vol. i. p 249.
921. p 107 I. Passanhamme] " Hodie Pasham in agro North-
amtunensi," Gibs. But in A.K. Johnston's General Gazetteer (1850)
it is " Passenham, 8m. S.E. Towcester. It has an entrenchment,
supposed to have been raised by Edward the Elder, to defend the
passage of the Ouse against the Danes."
922. Howel] This is the favourite name in Welsh history, as
Alfred in English. In the Brut y Tywysogion 948, he is described
as Howel da, vab Kadell, penn a molyant yr holl Vrytanyeit = Howel
the good, son of Cadell, chief and glory of all the Britons.
923. pi 10. on ufan hserfest] 'late in the harvest,' Ingram:
'after harvest,' MHB : Florence has simply, autumnali tempore.
I am inclined to believe that it means ' before harvest' or ' in the
early part of the autumn.' The usual phrase for ' after harvest'
would be ' ofer hserfest.'
924. segj>er ge Englisce ge Denisce ge Workmen ge oj>re]
A peculiar interest attaches to this passage because it indicates that
the terms * Denisce' and * Workmen' were not equivalents. This
feature has not been brought out by the translators with the dis-
tinctness which is due to it ; save Gibson, who renders with fidelity,
" sive Angli, sive Dani, sive Normanni, sive alii [quicunque] :"
whether English or Danish or Northmen or others.
937. p ri4t. cread cnearen flot] This reading of K is cor-
rupt, but the next MSS. give good help. See the foot-notes. I
326 NOTES
would correct the passage thus : cread cnear on flot, i. e. he (the
king) thrust out his bark on the deep ; crowded his knar a-float ;
or, in modern nautical phrase, shoved her off.
The modern idea of crowding is thronging, o^Xos but at this date
it was thrusting onwards, driving forwards, iroOev not. In Cod. Exon.
384, 15, we have it in 3rd sing. pres. indie., bonne heah gearing on
cleofu crydeS = when the high swell dashes on the cliffs. In Norfolk
and Suffolk they talk of crowding a wheel-barrow, or, as it is also
called, a crou^-barrow. See Forby and Halliwell, in voc. This
illustration must not give the word an ignoble aspect, for in early
times it is found in dignified associations ; as in the text. It occurs
three times in Chaucer's Man of Lawes Tale, which is written in the
grand style. It figures twice in one stanza containing a majestic
apostrophe to the firmament, regarded astrologically as the ruthless
engine of human destiny (Tyrwhitt's Ed. 1.4716; Ed. R. Bell,
vol. ii. p 16):
O firste moving cruel firmament,
With thy diurnal swegh that croudest ay,
And hurtlest al from Est till Occident,
That naturally wold hold another way ;
Thy CTOuding set the heven in swiche array,
At the beginning of this fierce viage,
That cruel Mars hath slain this manage.
Further on in the same tale (1.5221, Ed. Tyrwhitt ; P33> Ed. R.
Bell) we find a more exact parallel to our text :
But in the same ship as he hir fond,
Hire and hir yonge sone, and all hire gere,
He shulde put, and crowde fro the londe,
And charge hire, that she never eft come there.
Cnear occurs again on the next page in dat. pi. cnearrum. In
both cases it is used of the ships of the Northmen ; and in both
places the errors of the scribes attest the strangeness of the word.
In MS. D, ' nsegled cnearrum' is transformed into ' daeggled on
garum.' Icelandic knorr and also knarri=riavis. See Mr. Da-
sent's Article in Oxford Essays. In a historian of the eleventh Century
we get the word in a Latin guise : Ordericus Vitalis, Lib. viii. c. 23,
anno 1095, says : Quatuor naves magnae quas Canardos vocant, de
Northwegia in Angliam appulsse sunt.
Plot is the right word here, and nod in the next line. The
former regards the surface, and is represented by the modern afloat :
the latter regards the aggregate of water, as still in flood.
937- P I]I 5- n dinges mere] Wheloc : in procelloso mari.
NOTES 327
But what is ' dinges ?' It recalls the onomatopaeia of no\v<p\oi(rpoio
937. p 1 15. Difelin secan] Worsaae (in " Danes and Northmen,"
P3 1 ?) gi ves a -List of Norsk Kings in Dublin, from Lindsay's
" Coinage of Ireland," among which is " Anlaf, 934." In the
Appendix to " Danes and Northmen" is figured a silver coin, which
had before escaped notice, with the legend (as read by the author),
"Oolaf i Divielin," i.e. " Olaf in Dublin." He decides that this
coin was struck in Dublin in the tenth century. The chief positions
of the Danish princes in Ireland, were Dublin, Limerick, and Water-
ford the last a town of their own founding. Robertson's Church
History, vol. i. p 430.
937- P I! 5- saluwig padan] Not in apposition to lira (as
Thorpe), but of the raven. So in Csedmon, 1443 (p 87. Ed. Thorpe),
salwigfe^era is used of the raven that Noah sent out of the ark.
Compare a striking parallel in Judith, 1 1 :
paes se hlanca gefeah Thereof fain was the lank
wulf in walde, wolf in the wold,
and se wanna hrefn and the wan raven
wsel-gifre fugel j carnage-fond fowl ;
wistan begen wist they both
J?8et him Sa >eod-guman that the sons of men
]?ohton tilian were minded to give them
fylle on fsegum ; a spread of fate's victims ;
ac him fleah on laste next in their wake flew
earn setes georn, eagle corpse-eager,
urigfeSera dew-be-gemmed
salowig pada sable-robed
sang hildeleoft, he sang battle-psean,
hyrned nebba. horny -cheeked.
Saluwig-pad-an means one that possesses (-an, worn, -a), a jacket
(pad), which is dusky (saluwig).
The word pad appears in Anglo-Saxon nowhere out of compo-
sition, but its simple form is found in the kindred dialects. Tn Gothic
it is paida, which occurs five times in the Gospels : also there appears
a Gothic verb ga-paidon = V8v> in Ephesians vi. 14 (Loebe's
Glossary to Ulfilas). Other dialectic forms are given in Grimm's
Grammar, vol. iii. p 447 ; among the most interesting is that from
the Heliand (a Gospel -Narrative in Old Saxon), in which peda is the
word for the seamless coat.
942. Dor] No doubt the same as above 827, and it may safely be
identified with Dore 5 m. from Sheffield. It was probably so called
because it was ths door or entering in of Northumbria from Mercia,
328 NOTES
It is associated with " hwitan wylles geat" = Whitewell's
gate ; and not far from Dore we find Whitewell, and both of them
on the verge of the shire. Indeed, this word dor seems to have
been used as a common noun for a mountain pass, as we see in
Cod. Dipl. 570 (p 79) that in a description of bounds a dor occurs
between two brooks, " of secgbroce to ftan hean dore ; of hean dore
to brydbroce."
scade)?] divides, i. e. the waters, and likewise the nations. It is
from this word that we have the ' water- shed/ in the sense of a
line of division. Physical Geography has lately brought this word
forward out of its provincial obscurity. See Wilbraham's Cheshire
Glossary, v. Shed; Miss Baker's Northants Glos. v. Sheth. In
Wright's Vocabularies, p 183 ; discrimen, shade of the here. So in
Jamieson, to shed hair, is to separate it so that it fall to either side.
942. nyde gebegde] Here we have a case of transition from the
verb which was anciently established in this connection, to a sub-
stituted modern verb of proximate meaning. The old verb is pre-
served in BCD. Above 937 x , we have the old verb in S, but the
genuine orthography is only found in BCD. The old verb is
gebsedan^o compel, from an obscure word bad, found only in the
compound nydbad= exaction, toll, compulsory payment. Cod. Dipl.
95 ; Schmid, v. bad. The verb is found so often with the adverb
nyde, that nydegebsedan might almost be regarded as a compound
dvayKa&iv. Grein, v. geb&dan.
The new verb is gebegan = flectere, transitive of gebugan = to
bow.
962. manbryne] Contrary to all the translators from Gibson
downwards, who understand by this word an epidemic fever, I take
it for a great and disastrous fire in London. In many places of
Csedmon, bryne is incendium ; see Bouterwek. And fcerbry ne = terri-
ble burning of the sun's heat, CsefL 3001. Man-bryne is a bad or
destructive fire ; according to the analogy of man-bealo, malum per-
niciosum (Bouterwek).
One cannot but be struck with the singular parallelism between
this annal and the events of A. D. 1665, 1666.
963. pi 23m. messehacel] mass-hackle, i. e. mass-vestment,
cope. In the West of England the word hackle is specially used of
the conical straw roofing that is put over bee-hives. Also, of the
" straw covering of the apex of a rick," says Mr. J. Yonge Akerman,
Glossary of Wiltshire Words, v. Hackle.
963. p 123 1. And he macode fyrst J>a wealle abutan |>one
mynstre. geaf hit J>a to nama Burch. J>e ser het Medeshamstede.]
NOTES 329
Though the language here is of the twelfth century, yet this state-
ment is apparently authentic. The great fortifying era in England
had been initiated by Edward the son of Alfred. Fortified monasteries
became common, and Peterborough was probably one of the earliest
instances. Fortification changed the character and the moral aspect
of the monastic institution, and the change of name was a natural
consequence. The irregular cluster of humble edifices, which shewed
like any other " homestead" of the open country, was now encircled
with a wall, like one of the fenced cities. Henceforth it is no more
Medeshamstede or the Meadow-homestead; but Burn or Burch, the
garrison and capital of a dependent region. The fortified place became
also the market-place of its district, and hence it reaped commercial
advantages, direct and incidental. Laws of Edw. i. i. Atheist, ii. 12.
Cod. Dipl. 575.
963. pi 23 last line, and heold |>a hwile }>e he j?ser wses]
What did he hold ? Gibson's version is as follows : " casque devexit
ad Burch, et consecravit omnes sancto Petro uno die, retinuitque
quamdiu ibi esset." The Mon. Hist. Brit, renders, and observed it
the while that he was there, Mr. Thorpe, and held it the while that
he was there. Plainly Gibson means that he retained possession of the
forenamed relics of saints, and did not part with them. The MHB
version is equally plain, that Abbot ./Elfsi, in succeeding years, made
a point of keeping the day of the Translation of the Relics as a high-
day. Mr. Thorpe's rendering is verbal. Gibson's version appears
to me preferable, both as most suitable to the language (as far as
anything can be rested on it, where the construction is so lax, as
throughout this piece), and also most apposite to the habits of the
age in treating relics as merchandize. In adverse times, an em-
barrassed abbot made ready money of his relics, just as kings of
Judah got out of their difficulties by cutting off the gold and silver
of the Temple. ^Elfsige was not a seller but a buyer of such trea-
sures, when he met with impoverished abbots, as may be read below,
anno 1013.
973. on ^aere ealdan byrig Acemannes ceastre] I do not
think this ancient name for Bath is rightly explained by reference
to the sufferings alleviated by the Bath waters, quasi ache-man-
chester. Ake- seems to be simply a corruption of the Latin Aqua ;
like Aix, Ax> Dax (=de aquis), and the German Sladjen. Whether
the next part -man- meant homo, appears to me highly doubtful.
The genitive given to it in the tenth century ('-mannes') must not
weigh much with us ; any more than the uncritical form in Florence,
u u
330 NOTES
Acamanm civitas. In .ancient British, man signified place ; and this
would make a suitable appendage here.
973. sigora frean] Cf. pi 26m, Sigora waldend. A good deal
of doubt hangs over the interpretation of this word sigora. It
seems to be a gen. pi., but of what subst. is not clear. The phrase
may mean either lord of victors or lord of victories : cf. Bouterwek,
Glossar, vv. sigor and sigora.
978. upfloran] "Solarium, upflor;" Semi-Saxon Vocabulary,
Ed. Wright, p 93. Upflora ; ^Elfric Horn., Ed. Thorpe, vol. i.
p 3 1 4 : upfleringe, id. pp 296, 3 i 4.
979 E. set Corfes geate] This subsequently slid into the ac-
ceptation of " the gate of Corfe Castle ;" and hence the picture of
the arched gateway, and the horseman stabbed while drinking. Gib-
son, though dissatisfied, could not mend the conventional rendering.
He says, " Est autem Corfe castrum vetustum in medio Insulae
Purbecke dictse, in agro Dors&tensi ; cui ' geate' adjectum videtur
indicare, ^Elfritham Eadweardo Regi insidias struxisse in ipso castri
vestibulo, sive via ad castrum ducente." It did not occur to him
that there was no Castle there at that time. The name Corfes geat
or Corf geat (F) signifies the singular cut or cleft in the line of chalk
hills, wherein Corfe Castle has since been pitched, on a minor
eminence. The ' geat' is a gate, not of art, but of nature ; as above
942, ' hwitanwylles geat.'
982 C. SarcenaJ This is not the earliest mention of the Saracens
in Saxon literature. See Bede's E. H. v. 23, where the genitive plural
is Sarcina.
991. -f man geald serest gafol Deniscan mannum] This
tallies exactly with the dates of Anglo-Saxon money found in
Denmark and Sweden ; in both which countries it has been exhumed
in large quantities, but especially in Sweden. The dates range from
./Eftelred to Edward Conf. ; and coins of some of the intermediate
reigns have been found in Denmark and Sweden in larger numbers
than in England. Anglosachsiska Mynt i Svenska Kongl. Myntkabi-
nettet af Bror Emil Hildebrand. 4to., Stockholm, 1846.
992. gif hi muhton J?one here ahwser utene betrseppan}
v. 1. utan betreppan C D ; gif man mihte betrseppan J>ane here
ahwar wijmtan F, Cf. ^Elfrici Colloquium (Thorpe's Analecta,
p 25), where the bird-catcher takes birds mid treppan = decipula.
The project was to environ the hostile force by surprise. Florence
says, " ut, si quo modo possent, Danorum exercitum in aliquo
portu circumvallando comprehenderent." And Henry of Hunt-
NOTES 331
ingdon, " rex Dacis insidias molitus est ut interciperent
Dacos."
Utene is not to be joined with ahiv(er=. any where without (Ingram),
anywhere abroad (Thorpe), as if utene meant " out at sea," " out
on their cruise," " out about the coasts" but it goes almost into
one word with betrseppan=to take or catch the foe by surround-
ing him on the outside, utene-betraeppan, or (better) utan-be-
treppan, is to beleaguer. Florence had the same Saxon before
him as we have, and he renders it word for word fully and faith-
fully. ahwser=in aliquo portu : utene = circumvallando : betrseppan
= comprehenderent. MHB's " anywhere betrap the army about" is
admirable, utan (utene) is ega>6ev, not ew. See the Glossary, v. utan.
994. and hi ahredde] and rescued them. We retain this verb in
our Bible ; " rid me and deliver me out of great waters." Ps. cxliv.
7, u, and Ixxxii. 4.
994. -ZE^elward ealdorman] This is supposed to be the histo-
rian "Patricias Consul Fabius Quaestor ^Ethelwerdus." See MHB
in Pref. pSi.
995. This Annal is prolonged in F as follows: And
Wiltunscire b'. wearft gecoren. on Easter dsei on Ambresbyri. fram
cinge. and fram eallen his witan. Des ^Elfric was swySe gewis mann. pet nas nan
snottere man on Englalande. Da for^Elfric to his arcestol. and pa he pider com.
he was underfange of pam hades mannum \>Q him ealra uneattest was. pat was of
clerican. And sona ef s . . ealla pa wisuste men he awar gecneow. and swylce sefter
ealdan mannum. J>a cuSan pat soSuste seggan hu selc ping wearS on pis lande be
heora yldrau dagan. to eacan pan he sylf geleorned hsefde on bocan. and at wisen
mannum. Him tealdan pa swySe ealde menu, segtfcr ge gehadode ge laewede.
heora yldran heom tealdan hu hit was gelagod sona sypjran S. Augustinus to pisan
lande com. Da pa Augustinus }>one b'. setl fenge hsefde on J>are burh. J>a was he
arceb' ofer ealles }>es cinges rice ^Egelberhtes. swa hit ys gersed on Ystoria
Anglorum . . . . ne setl wyrcan be }>es cinges fultume on
ealdan Romaniscan wearde onginnon. sa . . . and forft to sprytanne. Of J>am
geferscipe wseran )>a fyrmestan. Mellitus. Justus. Paulinus. Rufianus. Be ]>ysan
sende se eadiga papa pone pallium, and J>arto gewrit. and tacnunge. hu he b'
halgian. and an hwylcum stowe on Britane hi settan scolde. And )>am cinge M . .
he sende gewrita. and manega woruldgiua of mistlicum J)ingum. And >a cyrican
]>e hi gegearcod haefdan. he het halgian on Drihtnes naman hselendes Cristes. and
sancta Marian, and himsylfum J>ar eardung stowe sette. and his sefter filigendum
eallan. and pat he scolde par innan settan }>es ylcan hades menn J?a he peder to
lande sende. and pa he sylf was. and eac pat eelc oper b. scolde ~beon mwnec
hades mann pe pone arb'stol gessete an Cantwarebyri. and >at scolde beon sefre
gehealden be Godes leafe and bletsunge. and be S. Petrus. and be ealra pa setter
him coman. Da peos sand angean com to ^iEgelberhte cinge. and to Agustine. hi
wurftan swyfte bliSe J?urh swilce wissunge. And se arb' pa halgode pat mynstre
on Cristes naman and S. Marian on \>am dage pe ys gecweden twegra martira
msessa dsei. Primi et Feliciani. and par binnan munecas gelogode eal swa See
U U 2
332 NOTES
Gregorius bebeod. And hi Godes }>eowdom claenlice beeodan. and man nam of }>an
ylcan nmnecan biscopas to gehwylcre stowe. swa ]>u rseddan miht on Ystoria Anglo-
rum. Da wasElfric arb' swySe bliiSe. ]>athe swa fela gewitnesse hsefde \>ara \>e mihtan
betst to )>am tima'n wift J>one cing. Gyt J>a ylcan witan J>e mid J>an arb'. weeran
cwsedan. Dus eal swa we geteald habbaft f urn wunedan munecas on Cristes cyrican
on Agustines dage. and on Laurenties. Mellites. lustes. Honoms. Deusdedit.
Deodores. Brihtwoldes. Tatwines. Nothelmes. Cuthbertes. Bregwines. lanbertes.
ASelhardes. Wulfredes. Felogild. Ac >es ea . . . geares. J>a CeolnoS com to ]>an
arb' rice. wearS swylc mancwealm J>at na belaf binnan Cristes cyrcan butan fif
munecas. To eallan his timan. wearS gewinn and sorh on Jjysum lande. )>at nan
mann ne mihte ]>encan embe naht elles butan Nu Gode J>anc ys hit on J>as
cinges anwealda and on ]>ynum hwaefter hi leng )>ar binnan lengre beon motan.
forj>on na rmhte man hi nsefre ut bet bringan Jxmne man nu mai gif J>as cing' willa is
and |>in. Se arb' )>a butan selcre lettinge mid eallan \>am wisum mannum ferde anan
to J>am cinge. and cyddan him eall ealswa we her beforan tealdan. Da wearS se
cing swiSe bliSe Jwssere tidunge. and cwseS to >am arb' and to ]>am oftran. Me J?inS
rsed J?at J?u ealra serost fare to Rome setter Jnnon serce and J>u }>am papan cySe
eal >is. and sylvan be his rsede far. And hi ealle andswaredan J?at >at was se betsta
rsed. Da \>a preostas j>is gehyrdan. )>a rseddan hi. >at hi naman twegen of heom. and
sen dan to }>am papan. and budon him mycelne garsuman and sealfer. wiS ]>an
J?e he scolde gifan heom Jxrne erce. Ac J>a hi to Rome coman. )>a nolde se papa
naht )>at don for hi ne brohtan nan gewrit. naSer na of )>am cinge na of J>an
folce. and het hi faran loc whar hi woldon. Sona swa J>a preostas J>anon gecyrred
wseron. com se arb' ^Elfric to Rome, and se papa hine underfeng mid mycelan
wurscipe. and het hine a morhgen msessian at S. Petres weofode. and se papa sylf
dyde on his agene pallium and hine swyfte wyr'Sede. Da Jns was gedon. se arb'
ongan to tellende >am papan eal embe }>a clericas. hu hit gefaran was. and hu hi
binnan )>an mynstre at his arb' rice waeran. And se papa him agean gerehte hu
t>a preostas to him cuman wseran. and mycelne gsersuman budan. for >i >at he
scolde heom >one pallium gifan. Ac cwsetS se papa, far nu to i%Zalande an-
gean. mid Godes bletsunge. and S. Petres. and minre. and swa |m ham cume. do
into Hnan mynstre J>as ylcan hadesmenn. )>e beatus Gregorius bebead Augustine
]>ar inne to londe. be Godes bebode. and S. Petres. and minre. Se arcebisceop >a
mid J>ysan gecyrde to Englalande. Sona swa he ham com. he gesset his arb'stol.
and si)>]>an to J?an cinge ferde. and se cing and ealle his leode Gode ]>ancode his
angeancumes and >at he swa geserndod swa );an ealra leofuste wes. He J>a eft to
Cantwarebiri ferde and )>a clericas ut of barn mynstre adraf. and J?ar biunan munecas
sette. eal swa se papa him bebeod.
Iste fuit prudens valde, ita ut illo in tempore nullus sapientior haberetur in
Anglia. Recedente itaque inde rege, JElfricus pergit Doroberniam. Ubi cum
venisset, receptus est, a tali ordine clericorum, a quo minus vellet. Cogitavit
igitur et multum secum tractans, quali modo possit eicere eos, quos sciebat in
Ecclesia Christi injuste mansisse. Ut supra diximus, valde fuit prudens, et eccle-
siasticis disciplinis plurimum instructus. Itaque prsecepit congregari omnes quos
sciebat prudentiores per totam Angliam, et maxime senes. Ad quern cum pro
reverentia viri festinauter venissent, requisivit ab eis si quid aut ipsi a suis an-
tecessoribus de Ecclesia Christi Cantiee audissent, aut ipsi in aliquo loco legissent,
quis ordo in prsedicta ecclesia Deo servire debuisset, clericorum aut monachorum,
aut quis eo tempore postquam Augustinus Angliam ingresset, ibi locatus esset in
initio. Ipse vero multa a multii an tea inde audivit, et in libris legit. Tune
NOTES 333
seniores et prudentiores narraverunt ei, quod inde a suis patribus audissent.
Postquam Deus, inquiunt, per beatum Augustinum aperuit cor regis ^Edelberti
ad suscipiendara fidein Christi, ipse Augustinus elegit sibi sedem in civitate Do-
robernia quce erat caput totius regni ^Edelberti regis, ubi invenit quoddam opus
inceptum Romano opere, quod auxiliante rege statuit perficere. Quod dum per-
fectum esset rex yEgelbertus coepit consilium quserere ab Augustino et a cseteris
consiliariis suis, quern ordinem monachorum vel clericorum convenientius in ilia
ecclesia ad serviendum Deo constituere potuisset. Qui omnes dederunt consi-
lium, ut rex ex sua parte mitteret nuntios suos, et Augustinus monachos suos
cum nuntiis regis Romse, ad papam Gregorium, et ejus consilio sicut antea idem
Augustinus venit in Angliam, ita et ecclesia jam nominata dedicaretur et ordina-
retur. Quod et factum est. Nam rex statim paratis nuntiis suis, misit Romse, et
Augustinus nichilominus suos. Cum autem venissent ad papam, et nuntiassmtf
quod Angli suscepissent fidem Christi, gavisus est valde. Auditis itaque omnibus
quse a regeret Augustino mandata fuerant, statim remisit nuntios, cum quibus hos
viros misit Augustino ut essent ei in adjutorium ad fidem Christi confirmandam ;
Mellitum, Justum, Paulinum, Rufinianum. Per istos etiam misit Augustino pallium,
atque in quo loco deberet episcopos co-ordinare, et ponere mandavit ; ecclesiam
quoque quam fecerat in honorem Jhesu Ohristi, et S. Marise matris ejus, preecepit
dedican', e;wsdemque ordinis quo ipse Augustinus, et alii quosipse sibi misit, erant,
in eadem ecclesia ad serviendum Deo ponere, sibique ibidem sedem archiepiscopalem
et omnibus successoribus suis statuere, omnesque archiepiscopos sibi succedentes
monachos esse debere, ex parte Dei viventis, et beati Petri.et ex sua, et omnium suc-
cmorum prsecepit. Cum autem nuntii reversi, venissent ad regem, et ad Augus-
tinum, gaudio maximo repleti sunt pro tali mandato. Tune Augustinus festinanter
dedicarit ecclesiam illo die quo festum sanctorum Primi et Feliciani, v. Idus Junii,
habetur, posuitque in ea monachos sicut papa mandavit; et ex ipsis ordinabantur
episcopi per Angliam sicut ipse legisti in Ystoria Anglorum. Itaque cum ista
jElfricus archiepiscopus audisset, et tales testes habuisset, qui illo tempore maxime
in consilio regis erant, gaudio repletus est. Addiderunt adhuc praedicti viri : Ita
sicut diximus, permanserunt monachi in ecclesia Christi Cantuarise, tempore Au-
gustini, Laurentii, Melliti, Justi, ffonmi, Deusdedit, Theodorii, Brihtwaldi,
Tatwini, Nothelmi, Cuthberti, Bregwini, Janberti, Athelhardi, Wulfredi, Feolo-
gildi. Illo vero primo anno quo Chelnodus suscepit archiepiscopatum Cantise
tanta mortalitas facta est, ut in Ecclesia Christi non remanerent nisi v. monachi,
et ideo pro tali necessitate idem C. archiepiscopus accepit de clericis suis presbi-
teros, qui quousque restauraret ecclesiam monachis, juvarent paucos monachos qui
remanserunt. Nunc autem est in potestate regis et tua, si diutius vultis ut ibi
clerici . . maneant, quia postquam pro tali necessitate ibi positi sunt, non potuerunt
levius eici quam modo. Tune archiepiscopus cum magna festinatione cum his
omnibus quos secum ibi habebat, perrexit ad regem ^Egelbertum, et indicavit ei
per ordinem hsec omnia. Tune dixit accepto consilio rex : Hoc videtur mihi
melius consilium, ut eatis Romse pro pallio vestro, et indicetis apostolico omnia,
et secundum suum consilium per omnia fieri concede. Dixerunt omnes optimum
esse consilium regis. Archiepiscopus autem paratis rebus suis perrexit Romam.
Statim vero ut clerici audierunt consilium regis, paraverunt duos ex ipsis qui irent
Romse, portantes secum multum auri et argenti, quod darent papse pro pallio.
Sed nuntii archiepiscopi prsecesserunt. Nam cum clerici pervenerunt ad papam,
respondit se nolle illorum verba suscipere, quia nullum signum nee a rege nee a
populo terrse secum haberent. Discedentibus clericis, venit archiepiscopus ad
334 NOTES
papam, qui suscepit eum cum magno honore. In crastino fecit eum celebrare
missam ad altare beati Petri, et ipse impostdt ei proprium pallium suum. Gum
hsec ita facta essent, archiepiscopus coepit dicere papee de clericis, et de Ecclesia
Christi sicut supradictum est, et papa ei de clericis quomodo venerint ad eum^ et
quod obtulerunt sibi magnam pecuniam pro pallio ; et adjecit papa : Redite in
Angliam cum benedictione Dei, et Sancti Petri, et in ecclesia tibi commendata,
ejusdem ordinis in ea ponite quern papa Gregorius Augustino preecepit, et hoc
tibi praeeipio ex parte Dei et beati Petri, et nostra. Tune archiepiscopus ita
rediit. Cum autem revertisset in Angliam, statim adiit ecclesiam suam, et post
adiit regem, et laetatus est rex, et omnis Anglia, de reditu suo et quod omnia
secundum voluntatem regis peregit. Post hsec reversus ad sedem suam, et ejectis
clericis, locavit ecclesiam monachis sicut papa ilium imperaverat, secundum quod
B. Gregorius prsecepit Augustino facere in primordio ecclesise. F ' Lat.
997. Penwiht steort] steort, tail, is the Saxon addition. The
Keltic name is represented by Penwiht, which C gives PenwrS, and
D Pen weed. The latter appears nearest to the Welsh, from the
following passage of the Brut y Tywysogion : " King Henry collected
an army against Gwynedd and Powys or van eithiaf o Gyrnyw lie
gelwir Pengwayd, hyt y vann eithiaf o Brydyn llegelwir Penblathaon"
i. e. from the land's end of Cornwall, which is called Pengwayd, to
the land's end of Prydyn, which is called Penblathaon.
looj. Tegntun] Locus in agro Devoniensi ; .... sed e pluribus
in isto agro hujus appellationis locis, quis sit nescio (Gibson). One
among many instances of his scrupulous fidelity. His successors,
Ingram and MHB, retained the name unaltered in their translation ;
but Mr. Thorpe has tacitly given it as Teignmouth, first in his Trans-
lation of Lappenberg (vol. ii. p 162), and since in his Edition of the
Chronicles for the Master of the Rolls. Both name and site speak
for Kingsteignton, three miles up the estuary of the Teign.
Peon ho] Now Pinho, three miles N. E. of Exeter, and a favourite
walk with residents of the western capital. It is near the Clists, one
of which is here indicated by the name ' Glistune.'
The composition of the name Peon ho is tautological ; the latter
being a Saxon translation of the former part, which is British. Gib-
son (strangely) confounded it with aet Peonnum, 658.
1003. gebrsed he nine seocne] feigned he himself sick: cf.
La3amon, vol. i. p 284, be king hine breid seac.
1004. ac hi abrutfon ba e he tobohte] "but they in whom
he trusted failed to do it," MHB ; " but they .whom he trusted in
failed him," Thorpe. This passage may help to justify the reading
of the manuscript of Lajamon (vol. i. p 82. Ed. Madden):
al heo tileden
ase heo to >ohten
^they tilled whatever they set their minds on where the Editor has
NOTES 335
suggested an emendation. In JE>\fnc Horn. vol. i. p 268, ac we
sceolon biddan ]> God us gescylde, ]> we ne abreo^on on ftaere fan-
dunge=but we must pray that God would shield us, that we fail
not in the trial : mox, swa he oftor on 'Saere fandunge abry^, swa he
forcu^ra bi$ = the often er he fail in trial, the more desperate he
will be. Below 1101, set jjsere neode abnrSon.
abrufton is the pi. pret. of abreo^an, well illustrated by Grein,
Bibliothek der Angelsachsischen Poesie, Glossar s. v.
1006. p 140 m. Da hit winter leohte] winter laehte C D. When it
became winterly or winterish. This verb seems to be formed from an
adj. winterlic; sumorleecan from sumorlic, &c. So in OHG,
nalihhon, ga-ebanlichon are ranged by Graff under Tjih=similis.
Bat 88 does not often present itself as an alterate of i ; and Grimm is
embarrassed by the unconformability of the verbs in -leecan. Deutsche
Gramrnatik, vol. ii. pp 119 and 283.
The following list is taken from the first volume of the Homilies
of ^Elfric (Ed. Thorpe) :
ge-anlsehte ....... page 318.
ge-cneordlaecende .... 436.
ge-cuftlsehte ....... 388 ; cf. LaBamon, vol. iii. p 492.
ge-dyrstlsecS ...... 456.
ge-edlaehte ....... 28, -296.
efenlsecendra ..... 396.
ge-ferlaehte ...... 132, 414, 494, 496, 532, 544.
ge-lomlaecendum .... 578, 614.
nealsecan ....... 584.
ge-rihtlsecon ...... 494, 578, 618.
sumorlseh'S ..... 614.
518, 548, 6 1 6, 700.
To this list may be added from the Vocabularies (Ed. Wright,
p54), " Venusto, ic cyrtenla?ce :" cf. Ettmiiller's Lex. p386. Also,
ge]>rystl[sehte] in the fragment of Zosimas, p 104, 1. 17, in the Ap-
pendix to my SwrShun. Ettmuller (Lex. p 184) gives wrSerlsecan =
privare ; but I cannot verify his reference.
1006. p 140 m. to his fryS stole to Wihtlande] C D omit the
second to ; F has, to his fri]> stole into Wiht ; ad Asylum nempe
Vectam (Gibson). A metaphorical use of frrS stol is found also in
the Paris Psalter, Ps. Ixxxix. i, xciii. 21: and of frrSstow, Ps.
xvii. i ; where the Latin version has, in all three cases, refugium.
The literal fri$ stol was a seat in a privileged ' sanctuary.' " In
several English churches there was a stone seat beside the altar, for
those who fled to the peace of the church. One of these still remains
at Beverley, another at Hexham. To violate the protection of the
336 NOTES
frrS stol was not to be compensated by a pecuniary penalty ; it was
bot-leas" Prof. Cosmo Innes, Scotland in the Middle dges, p 195.
The friS stol in Hexham Abbey would grace a more advanced
position if one may criticise arrangements which appear to be ruled
by good taste and good feeling.
1006. pi 40 m. to heora garwan feorme] There is a bitter
pleasantry about this, of which the point is, that the pirates regarded
the well-stored farms of Berkshire and Hampshire as so much pro-
visions laid up for their own winter entertainment. It is not easy
to devise a modern form of words which shall reflect the spirit here
manifested it is somewhat of this kind : at Christmas they made a
progress to those hospitable quarters where they knew they were always
welcome.
1006. p 140111. Cwicchelmes hlsewe] E. S.E. of Wantage is
"Cuckhamsley Hifl or Cuchinslow, a large barrow on a wide plain
overlooking White Horse Vale." Gough's Camden, i. 225. In Cod.
Dipl. 693, we have a scirgemot set Cwicelmes hlaewe.
beotra gylpa] This would have been in the text of E but for an
accidental omission, which has been supplied in the foot-note from C.
It is a genuine Saxon idiom = out of insolent bravado. It is a sort
of genitive absolute, a good example of which may be seen in a
Charter communicated by the late Mr. Kemble to the Archaeological
Journal, No. 53 (1857), p 60; ungebetra J>inga=MrMow having
mended matters.
and sona \>et wserod on fleame gebrohtan] 3 hi $ar En-
glisce folc a fleame brohtan F.
rancne] prutne F.
1 008. This tantalizing annal prompts a conjecture that the annalist
had access to public accounts which he cared little to understand,
and contented himself by making a hasty extract. The formality of
the paragraph, with its videlicet (j? is j>onne) the anag Xfyopcvov
scegS the allusion in the next annal to books which can hardly
mean published books might thus be accounted for.
In this rating of land for raising a navy, the numbers are so un-
conformable to the statistical numbers preserved elsewhere, and so
incommensurate with each other, that they must be received with
suspicion. All the texts agree, except D, which, of all extant texts,
is probably the nearest to the source. In the confusion of the text
of D, may possibly be found materials for a future emendation.
But, taken at its worst, the annal is rich in interest. We
learn the curious fact, that it was incumbent on each of the landed
subdivisions, to provide the king with a ship and its armour. The
NOTES 337
government did not levy ship-money, but required each county to
find its quota of ships. This would apply as well to the inland
districts, as to those on the sea-bord. And here we find the expla-
nation of an otherwise inexplicable bequest of good Abp. JElfric,
who died two years before this date. He gave one ship to the folk
of Kent, and one to Wiltshire. The will is in Cod. Dipl. 716.
Doubtless, in each of the cases, the bequest was intended as an alle-
viation of the heavy imposts under which the people groaned. His gift
being to the shire, is an argument that the assessment was by shires.
It appears to me probable that each shire had to furnish one ship
for every three Hundreds contained in the shire. Thus a shire
containing thirty Hundreds would have to furnish ten ships. (Ac-
cordingly, D may be right: of J>rym hundscipum : ? = of three
Hundreds, unbertfd)aften.) This burden would fall upon the whole
body of the people, according to their rating. But the wealthy land-
owners had a special burden besides. He who had property up to
or over the extent of ten hides, would have to furnish a sceg'S and
every thane under ten hides, had to furnish a helmet and breastplate.
feastlice] faestlice C D ; intentt Flor.
sceg^] Wright's Vocabularies, p 47, Scapha vel trieris, litel scip
vel sceig'S; p 56, Trieris scerS ; p 63, Trieris scseg^. See Schmid,
Glos. v. ScerSman ; and Cod. Dipl. 755, Winsig scseg-^man. This
word appears to have been borrowed from the Northmen : SkerS,
navis cursoria, Egilsson.
1009. p 143. lencten] Here it is seen by the relation in which
Lencten stands to Winter, that the original sense is not Lent, but
Spring ; as Lem, still used in poetic German :
Und Lenz wird kommen,
Und Winter wird gehn.
Wilhelm Muller's "Trockne Blumen."
And this is the sense in which it entered into Lent-lilies,' Old
English (now provincial) for daffodils.
In like manner hserfest originally meant autumn> like the German
Herbst.
ion. p 145. f woes un asecgendlic senigum menn] inenar-
rabile verb cuiquam (Gibson); it was impossible for any men [man] to
say (Ingram).
rsepling] This rare word occurs but this once in the Saxon
Chronicles. It is found in Genesis xxxix. 20; Ps. Ixviii. 38, Ed.
Spelman : in both cases of prisoners, vincti. Above in the same
page is rsepton from r8epan=o>ype>, they seized, took captive.
See the family of words in Ettm. p 267, who connects it with rap,
xx
338
NOTES
rope. Henry of Huntingdon has caught up the sound of this lament :
Videres autem spectaculum horrendum, faciem urbis antiquse et
pulcherrimae totam in cineres redactam, caput fidei fontem-
que doctrinse Anglorum vinculis mancipatum opprobriose pertrahi.
10 1 2. hry'Sera] "Horned beasts are still designated in Dorset,
and in other parts of England, Rotker Cattle; likewise in Stat. 3
and 4 Edw. vi. c. 19, mention is made of ' Rother beastes, as oxen,
steres, noutes, kyen, heighfers and calves.' Piers Ploughman de-
scribes the husbandman driving his team offoure rotheren." Archaeo-
logical Journal, i 860, p 157.
1012. and his halige blod on ^a eorSan feoll] Elphege was
martyred at Greenwich, whither he had been conveyed from Canter-
bury by Sandwich. An old triforium window in the north choir
aisle of Canterbury Cathedral represents, in three compartments, the
story of Elphege : i. The siege; 2. The embarking at Sandwich;
3. The martyrdom at Greenwich, when Thrum, whom the Abp.had
baptized, put him out of pain by a blow of his axe (' impieta tepid').
Elphege is buried in the Cathedral at Canterbury on the N. side
of the ascent of steps towards the high altar, under the spot where
now is the altar-tomb of the late Archbishop Hooley. Opposite to
Elphege, at the other end of the same steps, is the resting-place of
Dunstan, where are still remains of the fret-work of his shrine. In the
midst of the ascent is the site of the grave of Odo, predecessor of
Dunstan.
The scene of the martyrdom was Greenwich, and probably the
very site on which Greenwich church stands ; they would no doubt
have wished to plant the church on the identical spot, and would
have taken pains to ascertain it. The church is dedicated to St.
^Elfheah. See Osborn's Life of Alphege in Anglia Sacra 1475
also Acta Sanctorum, Ap. 19 and 21.
1013. p 149. byre] Only this once in the Chronicles. It is not
'time,' so much asfavourable circumstance, occasion, opportunity, tempo?.
The word seems to be at home in the North, where byrr is ventus
secundus (Egilsson), and analogous in its derivative meanings to
ovpos. Connected with this is the Norsk impers. verb mer byrjar,
me decet ; and the corresponding Saxon hit gebyraft, it is seasonable,
appropriate. The only other case of byre, which I find in Saxon, is
in the Lay of ByrhtmrS 121, Ed. Grein : Thorpe's Analecta, p 135,
J>a he byre hefde = when he had opportunity.
1014. Candel msessan] The Purification, February 2. For the
history of this Festival, which is not one of the ancient ones, but
traced back only to the times of Justin or Justinian, sixth century,
NOTES 339
see Suicer, v. ^nairavrr] : Bingham. Bp. Sparrow, A Rationale of
the Book of Common Prayer, quotes S. Bernard for the Procession
and Candles. This last feature has stamped the day in several
modern languages ; in French, La Fete de la Chandeleur. And in
Swedish I find kyndilmasso (Bonaventuras Betraktelser, cap. 10).
10 1 6. Crsecilade] Above 905, in the older form, Creccagelade.
The second part is lad, gelad, a ford or ferry, a passage of a river.
It is seen in the sister-name of Lechlade, and other names in
Gloucestershire, as S. Mary Lode, Abload, Evenlode, Framilode.
The first part, which is now shrunk up to Crick-, is probably Cerrig,
the British word for stone, which is still an important element in
names, not only in Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, but also in England
and France. In Ireland the common form is Carrick, e. g. Carrick-
fergus &c., also Creagh ; in Scotland, Craig, e. g. Craigmillar &c.,
or Craw, as Crawford ; in Wales, Cerrig, Craig, Crick, e. g. Crick-
howel (i. e. Howel's stone) &c. In England we have Crichton,
Crick House, Craik (Co. Durham), repeated instances of Crawley,
Cray, Creake, which occur in divers counties. In France there is
" La Crau" near Aries, which is the Aid&ftes or Stony Plain of Strabo
iv. 7. Camden was the first to point out this derivation : . . .
" Gallis hodie la Craux dicitur. Nominis tamen rationem nesciunt,
at lapides Craig Britannica lingua nominantur."
1016. p 154. eall bewestan] This phrase filled out full, would
stand thus "be westan dsele;" and Gibson has rendered it ex-
cellently, per plagam occidentalem. Of the English translators, none
has surpassed Ingram's " all by west" the later version of MHB
and Thorpe, " all to the west," being no improvement.
1016. pi 55. Georius] GeorgiusCD; Georgies F. Concerning
S. George, an Anglo-Saxon Poem of about this date, or a little later,
was edited by Mr. Hardwick for the Percy Society, 1850. The
Preface shews that this Saint was well known in Saxon times, and
that his celebrity did not rise out of the Crusades. But his quality
of Patron-Saint of England does date from that period.
1016. p 155. gandagum] So D ; C and F have the usual form
gang dagum. The Rogation days before Ascension Day, in which
litanies were sung in procession round the fields. The petition of
the litanies was for the kindly fruits of the earth. This is the going
to which the etymology of the word points. A faint image of the
procession still survives in the annual custom of beating the parish
bounds at this season.
1016. p 156. set Sceorstane] ". . . . in Wiccia, in loco qui
Scearstan nominatur, Flor. ; i.e. (interprete Camdeno) Comitatus lapis.
340 NOTES
Putatur enim lapis esse terminalia qui quatuor Comitatus, Oxoniensem,
Gloccstrensem, Wigorniensem, et Warwicensem distinguit" (Gibson).
Mr. Thorpe ap. Flor. Wigorn. ad loc. has an ingenious method for
bringing about an identification of this place with Chimney in Ox-
fordshire.
1016 C. p 158. Dser ahte Cnut sige. and gefeht him ealle
Engla)>eode] = There Knut was victorious and conquered all the
English nation. In D it stands gefeaht him w'ti ealle,' to the con-
fusion of the sense. A new hand begins at ' gefeaht' in the middle
of the sentence, and hence probably the error.
1016. p 159. and ]>a cyningas comon togsedere set Olanige]
Here the manuscript D has a noticeable amplification : set Olanige.
witS Deorhyrste. and wurdon feolagan and wedbroSra. and
)>set gefsestnodon &c. The locality is still more distinctly indi-
cated by Florence : . . . ambo reges, ad locum qui Deorhyrst nomi-
natur, in unum convenerunt : Eadmundus cum suis in occidentali ripd
Sabrina, Canutus verb in orientali cum suis consedit. Dein uterque
rex in insulam qua Olanege appellatur, et est in ipsius fluminis media
sita, trabariis advehitur; ubi pace amicitia fraternitate, et pacto et
sacramentis confirmata, regnum dividitur. Gibson says, " Hodie IZTiK
3Etgf)t, insula in agro Glocestrensi, quam Sabrinse fluminis aquae
sese diffindentes efficiunt." There is hardly any doubt that it is
Alney Island, close to the city of Gloucester ; whether this be The
Eight of Gibson or not. Either the description " near Deerhyrst"
must be a mistake, or " Deerhyrst" must be other than the place of
that name near Tewksbury. The MS. D and Florence are too nearly
allied to strengthen each other's statement.
This meeting of Cnut and Edmund is represented as a duel by a
great majority of later historians. Sharon Turner gives the following
list of authorities for the duel : Henry of Huntingdon ; Matthew of
Westminster ; The Peterborough Chronicle, ap. Sparke ; Knyghton ;
Brompton ; Higden ; Rieval ; Radulf Niger (MS. Vesp. D. 10, p 25) ;
Anglo-Saxon History, vol. iii. p 267, note 13. In Malmesbury and
the Encomium Emma, Cnut is said to have declined battle. The
following authorities make no mention of duel or challenge : Saxon
Chronicles ; Florence ; Simeon of Durham ; Hoveden ; Knytlinga
It became in the course of time one of the established sensation
scenes of History. Speed, Baker, and Grafton describe the wager
of battle circumstantially, with stand-up speeches, after the man-
ner of the early books of Livy. Camden adopts the Monomachia.
Hume does not notice it. Turner relates it with a precise comparison
NOTES 341
of authorities. Lingard introduces it guardedly thus : "To account
for the final success of Canute, it was said that the two kings fought
in single combat in the Isle of Olney, &c. &c."
The question was elaborately stated and examined by Mr. Hogg
in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature, vol. v., New
Series ; and the conclusion was in favour of the Single Combat.
This view is moreover supported by the Rev. S. Lysons of Hempsted
Court, the Archaeologist of Gloucestershire, to whom I am indebted
for many curious particulars in illustration of the locality.
The name of the island in which the kings met, is found in a late
historian spelt Holenghege, and this has seemed to countenance
the combat view. The Northmen had a custom, when great issues
were to be decided by single combat, to choose for the arena a river-
island, to which the principals repaired, accompanied only by their
seconds, while the other supporters waited the event on the opposite
banks. This was called Holm-gang, Island-going. Mr. Hogg and
others, who support the combat view, see in the late form Holen-
ghege some touch of this Holm-gang. But it is really only an aspi-
rated form of spelling Olanige or Alney.
Another circumstance has been urged as bearing upon the
question. The strand of the Severn, opposite to the Island, is now
called Coggins, and was temp. Edw. I. known as Cockayne ; a word
which Du Cange renders querelle, disputation, contention. But per-
haps this spot, which lay between the Castle of Gloucester and the
river, was the public exercising ground, and thus the continual scene
of an emulative ' contention.' (But cf. Mr. Lysons in Gent. Mag.,
June 1 86 1, p63i.)
It appears to me that the combat owes its existence in history to
a single expression in the Saxon Chronicles, viz. comon togsedere.
There is no doubt from the context that the intention of the Saxon
Chronicler is to relate an amicable conference. But in employing
the words comon togsedere he inadvertently gave occasion for a
misunderstanding, inasmuch as this is also used (like 6/ioVe tivai) of
hostile meetings : cf. 992, 1001, p 158. Orosius, p4i6. Ed. Thorpe :
iv. 10. 2. Ed. Bosworth. In the Coke's Tale of Gamelyn, 1. 236,
" Whan Gamelyn and the champioun togider gon to goon."
1021*. D alone adds, And ^Elfgar b'. se selmesfulla forSferde
on Cristes msesse uhtan.
1 02 2. swa se papa him tsehte] instructed can hardly be the word
for this place, as the later translators have rendered it. It sounds
too much like partisanship in the judge.
Better follow Gibson : " et ipsum ab omni crimine purgavit, cujus
312 NOTES
(ut t Papa didicerat) fuerat insimulatus, testante Archiepiscopo, et
toto comitatu qui apud eum aderat."
But this is not satisfaptory. The word tsehte, if it signify any
help that Leofwine obtained from the Pope, it can only be help in
the way of directions as to the requisite process for his clearance.
We should thus say, " as the Pope directed or enjoined him." And
this sense seems to be borne out by Cod. Dipl. 693, where the word
is thus used once if not twice. The only other possible meaning
seemed to be " as the Pope pronounced to him, in the presence of
&c.," viz. that he had successfully cleared himself.
1025. to J>a holme sot ea j>sere halgan] The river-name
" Helge-Aa" is here translated, " at the holy river." This, river is
now in Sweden, with the town of Christianstad on one of its lakes.
But it was then the boundary between Sweden and the Danish pos-
sessions, and was accordingly liable to witness conflicts between
Danish and Swedish leaders.
But the accuracy of this record has been questioned because of a
more famous disaster for Cnut which took place two years later than
this date. In 1027 king Olaf of Norway discomfited Cnut's navy
by an ingenious stratagem at the river " Helge-Aa." The similarity
between the two events has led to the suspicion that they have
grown out of one. Yet there are some distinct features in this
entry, which speak for its genuineness. There is the ' holm,' and
the names of the leaders on the Swedish side, Ulf and Eglaf, which*
Munch finds agreeable to the Swedish history of the time. This is
not " Ulf larl," brother-in-law of Cnut but Ulf and Eglaf were
two sons of Ragnvald larl, who had been in the service of the king
of Sweden. Munch's Norske Folk's Historic, vol, ii. pp 733-735.
1028. geahnode him J>ot lande] vindicated to himself that
land, made good his claims. This is the proper meaning of the
verb ; see apposite quotations in Schmid, Glos. vv. agnian, agnung :
Grein, vv. agnian, geagnian. Cf. Cod. Dipl. 693. Cnut had heredi-
tary claims to the sovereignty of Norway.
J03i R. Her com Cnut agan] Cf. Luke xix. 15.
1036 C. h83ttode] ? scalped : it can hardly be fayed? cute capitis
abstracta, Flor. In Cnut's Laws, repeated theft is punishable by
certain mutilations, and among these hsettian, a word which Grimm
did not know and would have altered : cf. Schmid, v. htettian and
v. Strafen. His quotation from Cod. Colb. leaves little room for
doubt: corium capitis cum capillis (auferatur) quod Angli dicunt
beh(Ettie. It would be connected with Germ, to* = skin; our
hide.
NOTES 343
<
1036. p 165. ongean wealcan] contra moliri ; as Ettm. Lex.
p 78, who prints the two words in one, as a compound. The old
High German preserves the elementary idea of this word in Y7alkan
=volvere, q. v. in Graff. Above, p95m, unwealtran = unrolling-er,
is from a collateral form, with T instead of C. In ^Elfric's Homilies,
vol. i. p 448 m, weolc the preterite, in the transferred sense of
revolving in the mind. Here it is of bringing a powerful agitation
to bear on a political question, for which the word was well prepared
by the familiar phrase, y8a gewealc, fluctuum rolutatio, the rolling
swell of the waves. See reff. in Bouterwek, Glos. Ceedm. To the
same effect F says, Godnine eorl and ealle >a betstan men on West-
sexan wPScw&don. ac hi naht ne gespeddan. and he was fya fullice cing
ofer eal Englaland.
1036. Englalandes * * him and his broker] Though the
MS. shews no lacuna here, there is reason to suspect one. Malmes-
bury's text is here akin to ours, and he supplies the sentence of
which we have only the latter end in E : " Angli diu obstiterunt ;
magis unum ex filiis Ethelredi, qui in Normannia morabatur, vel
Hardecnutum filium Cnutonis ex Emma, qui tune in Denemarchia
erat, regem habere volentes."
1039. hanmlan .... hamelan] This being a dative feminine,
the nom. must be harrmle, hamele ; at first perhaps signifying a
rowlock- strap, and so symbolizing some subdivision of the crew 7 .
There is not money enough to give eight marcs to every rower.
Cf. Ettm. p466. Egilsson, v. Hamla.
1040. of weallande] from abroad, from foreign parts, from
exile. See note, page 65, and below on 1048, p 178 m.
1 046. p 1 73 . \Q se cyng him geunnen hsefde] him is sibimetipsis,
to them, the pleaders, Harold and Beorn, who urged that Swegen
must not be invested with any of the things (offices or possessions)
which the kmg had already granted away to themselves. The expres-
sions of C are more distinct.
1 050 D. p 173. and se cyng ]>a sende sefter |>am scypum |>e
he ofsendan mihte. ]?e ser ham wendon] and the king then sent
after such ships as he could overtake (of those) which recently went
home.
1046. p 174 t. Da scyfte man Harold eorl up j?ses cynges
scipe ]?e Harold eorl ser steorde] The^confusion of this passage
will be remedied if we suppose the first Harold to be an error for
Beorn.
1 046. p 1 74. tealde] This and tealdon ( 1 086) are to be noted
as probably the earliest extant instances of their use in a sense
344 NOTES
identical with the modern ' tell, told.' Before this the verb tellan
is u&ed for " to count numerically, to enumerate, to account as &c. ;"
but it is a step in the history of the word when it appears as the
mere equivalent of "to say." It seems less like a developement in
direct line, than an introduction from a collateral dialect, or from
provincial or colloquial usage. Yet telle, tellanne in 1085, where
the sense is to recount, narrate, may represent the connecting link.
1048. p 178 t. to- J)8ere burge -weard] When we call this
Tmesis, as we were taught to do in reading Homer, we speak
pr&postere, inversely to the order of facts. We are familiar with
toward as one word, and therefore we regard it as a severance of
that which has been coherent, when we find it written as two
words. Here, we see that the two parts have become coherent as a
consequence of their being frequently brought near together. We
still keep them apart in certain phrases, as, to the east ward from
the north ward where the practice of writing east-ward, north-ward,
as compounds, is a mistake of the syntax. Examples from the
Authorized English Bible are given in my SwrShun, p 115. To those
may be added, wv3 heofenas weard, ^Elf. i. p 46. 296 ; to mynstre
weard, id. P336; wi$ Petres weard, id. 376. An example of older
growth is the compound preposition between, which we only
just catch a glimpse of in its earlier state, in the poetical phrase
be s8Dm tweonum= between seas. The accidental and local cha-
racter of this compound is seen in the fact, that the analogue in
Dutch and German is simple, viz. tusschen, gurifd)ett=tween.
1048. p 178!!. ofssende] Not 'sent off/ but * sent /or, sent
after,' /tereTr/^aro. Compare La^amon, vol. ii. p 235, J>at he ofsende
Magan, f wes a selcuS mon, i. e. that he should send for Magan, who
was a marvellous man. Again, p 324 (where we accept the Editor's
emendation as unquestionable), ofsende'S biscopes, and boc-ilarede
men, i. e. send for bishops, and book-learned men. The renderings
are Sir Frederic Madden's. Cf. ^Elf. Horn. i. p 400, ' of-arn Sone
Segen Naaman' = ran after the thane Naaman, So in our text, above
p 98 t, ' ne mehte hine mon of ridan' = tfAey were not able to ride him
downy to overtake him, equitando assequi. Gen. xiv. 13, 'and efste
wrS jjses heres o]> f he hig of rad'= and pursued the army till he over-
took them. The verb ofahsian (or ofaxian) is interesting. Meaning
etymologically 'to ask after, enquire;' it came like irvvQavecrQai to
mean ' get information, be told, learn, hear of;' and in 1016 (p 158)
C and D have ofahsade (ofaxade) where E and F have geherde
secgan, heard say. Cf. below, notes on 1050 D; and on 1098,
'of code.'
NOTES 345
1048. p 178 h. sceolde] This verb has here a force still known
in the dialects, and in high activity in German. It characterises the
statement as being merely the version of Eustace.
1048. pi 78m. |>a welisce menn] This means simply "the
foreigners ;" as also below, J?a wselisce men : in both cases indi-
cating the Normans or Frenchmen. See note, p 65, and on 1040. In
Devonshire the walnut is called ' French nut/ in Somersetshire it is
' Welsh nut,' but the signification is the same in the two cases, both
alike meaning foreign nut. At the time when the English name of
ihejuglans was fixed in Somersetshire, the current word for foreign
was Welsh when, at a later date, it was fixed in Devonshire, the
common adjective for foreign was French, which it may almost be
said to be still.
1048. p i So h. ealra ]>8era j)egna] Qu. )>inga ?
1048 E. ad Jin. Oddan] He is named again p 182, and his death
is recorded 1056 D with a character. There is a slab among the
Arundel marbles at Oxford, which was found in 1675 near Deerhurst
Church in Gloucestershire. It bears the following inscription in
letters of Saxon times :
>J< ODDA DVX IVSSIT HANC
REGTAM AVLAM CONSTRVI
ATQVE DEDICARI IN HONO-
RE S- TRINITATIS PRO ANIMA GER-
MANI SVI ELFRICI QVE DE HOC
LOCO ASVPTA EALDREDVS VERO
EPS QVI EANDEM DEDICAVIT II IDI-
BVS APL XIIII AVTEM ANNOS REG-
NI EADWARDI REGIS ANGLORV.
The death of the said JSlfric, brother of Odda, is recorded 1053 D
(p 189). The quaintnesses of the inscription are partially reproduced
in Parker s Glos. of Architecture, Companion, p 26.
1052. pi 83 h. hasseton] rowers. Norsk hassetan: cf. Mr. Da-
sent's Article on Iceland, in Oxford Essays.
1052. pi 83 m. wandode] he hesitated not, was not shy of,
shrunk not from, the risk of foraging : cf. Gospels, Matt. xxii. 16, )>u
ne wandast for nanum menn \ bi$ urn Sfciewanb fiimmerfl. De Wette.
1052. p 185. Nor$ xmrSan] Nothing has been done for the
identification of this place since Gibson : Hodie, opinor, ostium
Medwcegi quod vocatur tf)e feuog in tl)C Koforc. Putarem esse
< NortJ)=Jporlant) nisi mutt adjiceretur, quod semper ostium designat.
Ingram : the Nore. Later Editors, verbally, Northmouth.
Y y
346 NOTES
1052. p 185. to Middeltune J>ses cynges] This can be no
other than the ancient town of Milton (Royal), situated on " Milton
Creek," landward of the Isle of Sheppey. The associations at 892
and 894 shew that the Middeltun there is also the same place,
viz. in Kent. Gibson says, ' Middleton in Essex ;' but I cannot find
any such place that is passable here. The Middeltun of 964 is
Milton Abbas, near Blandford, Dorset : " Ibi enim hujus nominis
locus est, ubi vetusti ccenobii parietes conspiciuntur, quod ^Ethel-
stanus Rex fundavit, ut fratris sui manes expiaret" (Gibson). A
document, N. 375 in Kemble's Cod. Dipl., appertaining to this
foundation, is of later date, and otherwise suspicious-looking.
1052. pi 87 h. unwrseste scipe] a crazy, unsafe, unseaworthy
ship. The simple adj. is wr8est=/zn?j, steady, secure; (Ettmiiller,
Lexicon, p i 55) as in the paraphrased Psalter, Ps. li. 6, on his welan
spede wr83ste getruwode = in the multitude of his riches lie firmly
trusted. Other examples in Bouterwek, Glos. v. vrasst. Unwrsest
occurs in E three times. The second time is at p 220 b, where it is
used morally : " Alas, how delusive and insecure (unwrest) is this
world's riches!" In the third place, p 260 t, Abbot Henry is repre-
sented as searching for some device which shall never profit him : an
unwreste wrenc = some lame pretence, or bootless, desperate imposture.
At La3amon's date, this forcible adj. retained only the faded and
vague sense of poor, wretched, weak, wicked ; and from the repeated
blunders of the scribes in writing the word, it appears almost obso-
lete in the thirteenth century : cf. Madden's Glossary to L^amon,
v. unwrsest ; and White's Ormulum, Glos. v. umrwrseste.
From Grosseteste's "Castell of Loue," I am enabled, by the kind-
ness of Mr. Weymouth, who is engaged in editing it, to cite the
line, "And for vre speche vnwreste and vyl" (1. 1149). ' n some
other instances one of his manuscripts has rejected the word as
obsolete. Instead of vnwreste (1. 335) the said manuscript substitutes
gret synne vnwresteschipe (1. 1:41) is replaced by gret gult vn-
wrestliche (1. 1464) by unkyndely.
1055. p 190. see .^elbryhtes mynster] This is Hereford
Cathedral. The name thus honoured is that of the East Anglian
king, who was killed by order of Offa, as related above 792. He
was regarded as a martyr, and the brief reign of Offa's son was
deemed a vindication of the innocence of king ^Ethelbriht : quin
et Deus adeo evidentibus signis sanctitatem ejus prodidit, ut hodie-
que sedes episcopalis Herefordi sub ipsius nomine consecretur. Nee
ineptum debet videri aut incongruum quod antecessores nostri,
probi et religiosi viri, vel taciturnitate toleraverunt, vel auctoritate
NOTES 347
roboraverimt. William of Malmesb., Gesta Regum ii. 210. The
Cattle Fair at Hereford on May 20, is still called St. Ethelbert's
Fair.
1066. p20i. butse carlas] ship-men, mariners. This butse is
probably the same word as the East Anglian buss for a boat, as
used by the fishermen of Yarmouth, who speak of their herring-
1066. p 201. se Norrena cyng] This is the Norsk adjective
itself: cf. Egilsson, M Lexicon Poeticum Antiquse Linguae Septen-
trionalis," v. Norrsenn, Norvegicus. This king was not Harold
Harfagera, as stated in MS. D, and by Florence both here and
above 1048 (where see note, Ed. Thorpe); but Harold Sigurdson,
alias Hardrada. The time of Harfagr is earlier, he died in 936.
1066. p 203 m, earn] uncle. The native word, which the Ger-
mans have kept in their Dfjeim, has, after a struggle, been displaced
by the Latin avunculus in its French form oncle. In Spenser we
find erne and uncle used of the same relation in continuous stanzas.
Faerie Queene, B. ii. C. x ; Stanzas 47 and 48. The banished word
has left its genitive case behind in the family name EAMES.
1067 D. p 205 m. Hwitan Sunnan dseg] Probably this was not
what we now call Whitsunday, but the First Sunday after Easter,
called Dominica in Albis, because the White Garments of those who
had been baptized on Easter Day were worn on the Octave for the
last time. How this name should have been transferred to Pentecost
is a curious question, about which there was an active debate in the
Guardian in 1859. Some held that, like the German Pfingsten, our
name is really a corruption of Pentecost, passing through an inter-
mediate form Whingsten to the modern Whitsun, and that therefore
it is Whitsun-Day and not Whit-Sunday. Mr. Baron (Aug. 1 7, 1 859)
demolished this theory by quoting this place of D, and by references
to La3amon (v. Glossary), to prove the high antiquity of the name
White Sunday.
But one thing was still unexplained, viz. why the name was
transferred from after Easter to Pentecost. The solution may be,
that Pentecost, being a few weeks later in the year, was preferable
in our climate for Baptism ; and accordingly that it bore away the
name of White, which continental practice had associated with
Easter Tide.
1 070. )>a Densca huscarles] " Hus-carls were the ' King's Own/
the body-guard of the Danish Sovereigns. They were retained after
the restoration of the Anglosaxon line, and then they seem to have
formed a class of Thanes .... The great Earls had Hus carls, like
Y y 2
348 NOTES
the King." " They were also called Hirdmen." Palgrave's English
Commonwealth, p ccclxxxi.
1070. cantelcapas] Chanters' capes or copes. In Cod. Dipl. 940,
there are " iii cantercseppa :" cf. La^amon, Glos. v. Cantelcape.
f he dyde eall be J>sere munece rsede] quod fecit omnino
monachorum consilio ; and not as Gibson, " se autem hsec omnia
fecisse Monachorum consilio." All the translators, except my friend
Mr. Stevenson, have followed Gibson, and have fixed a most un-
merited stigma upon the worthy churchwarden's name. Even Mr.
Stevenson's translation betrays an uncertainty, which in such a scholar
is almost stranger than oversight. He translates, " and that he did
all by the advice of the monks;" leaving it open for the reader to
take that as a conjunction to the dishonour of Yware, or as a relative
pronoun which would mark the churchwarden as a true man, honoured
with the confidence of his fraternity. If Mr. Stevenson had only
adhered to the rule he seems to have set himself, and translated
verbally, he would have avoided the ambiguity which now attaches to
his version, through the intrusion of the conjunction " and."
Had there been an ' and' in that place of the original, it would
have appeared to assert the conjunctional dependence of ]>aet upon
saegde. But even then we should have had a means of correcting
the mistake by the expression just above, and swilce litles hwat
= and such like trifles. It is plain the removal of these objects was
no treachery, but in the interest of the society, when the chronicler
could thus speak of it. The Peterborough monks were not more dis-
posed than others to make light of their wrongs. This may be seen a
few lines further on. In this place the writer is evidently regretting
that the churchwarden could not have included in his parcel the crown
of beaten gold, and the bracket of red gold, and many other valuables,
enumerated on p 209, which became the prey of the outlaws.
sceolden cumen] were expected to come, were said to be coming.
1071. arhlice] basely, cowardly, dastardly. Compare earhlice
ofslogon, p22^h: rancne here and unearhne, pi 40!; Jxme
ungemetlice eargan = /*e excessively timid. Boethius, Ed. Cardale,
p 298!!.
1072. set j?am G-ewsede inlsedde] D. ferde inn ofer f WeeS.
Gibson treated this as an error for 'Tweed.' The annalist of
Waverley appears to have read '.Scodwade.' David Macpherson,
" Geographical Illustrations," conjectured that it meant the " Scotte-
wattre or Wattyr of Forth."
The Wattyr o/Sulwaywzs specially known as Scottis-se or Scottis-
wath ; and Macpherson quotes from Snorro (Hist. Reg. Norweg.
NOTES 349
c. 21), " Deir foro yfir a nockra, bar sem heitir Skiotans-vad edr
Vapna-vad" = They passed over a certain river at a place called
Skiotans-ford or Weapon-ford. Hence it may be supposed that the
term vad, wath, w&th, was generally applied to the friths or fiords of
Scotland; and the Gewsede or Wee^ may have been the Frith of Forth.
A word of this sort, signifying ford or passage, ,must once have
been widely used. In a grant to Shap Abbey (temp. Hen. II),
brought to my knowledge by Mr. Albert Way, " totam terrain quse
fuit Karl, scilicet per has divisas, de vado de Karlwath &c." Several
local names of Waithe seem to belong here, e. g. Waithe near Great
Grimsley, Waith Common at Ewerby near Sleaford.
According to Florence, William penetrated to Abernethy, and
therefore left both the Tweed and the Frith of Forth in his rear.
1075 D. hearma] Ermine. Wright's Vocabularies, p 22, " Ne-
tila, hearma." Shall we call this a gen. pi. or suppose it stands
undeclined in composition ? In fact it was a mere foreign sound,
and had acquired no grammatical attributes in English. This delicate
fur coming from N. Asia by Armenian merchants was called in Italy
Armellino ; and the word passed, along with the article, through
the courts of Europe. Diez, Etymologisches Wbrterbuch der Roman-
ischen Sprachen.
1075. p2i4- genrSrade] pessundati (Gibson), subdued (Ingram,
Stevenson), crushed (Thorpe): nrSerian is in its etymological and
original sense, e.g. Luke xiv. n, to put down, deprimere ; but its
prevalent use was " to condemn," e. g. Matt. xii. 7, 37, 42, xx. 1 8 ;
Luke vi. 37. The former seems preferable here, as the translators
have taken it.
The narrative of D preserves the tragic lines in a less mutilated
form than E. Among them occurs " sume getawod to scande,"
which has been the subject of some debate. The word scande
needs little elucidation. It is Germ. <Sd)attbe f disgrace. In Wright's
Vocabularies, p2i, we find Ignominia, scande. In the Laws of
HloShsere and Eadric, n, scandlice gretan, is to insult a person
with opprobrious epithets ; or, as they would be called in Devon,
scandalous ! More apposite is La3amon, vol. iii. p i 76 :
preostes he blende
al )ns folc he scende.
The verb * to shend' is not uncommon in Elizabethan poetry, e. g. in
Spenser's Protkalamion :
these twain, that did excel
The rest, so far as Cynthia doth shend
The lesser stars.
350 NOTES
and Fairfax, Tasso i. Canto vi :
Tortosa won, lest winter might them shend,
They drew to holds, and coming spring attend. '
In Shakspeare the preterite or participle shent occurs several
times.
The verb tawian will be best understood by a view of the group
to which it belongs, as collected and illustrated in Ettmiiller's Lexicon,
p 528. It appears to have been, in its proper sense, associated with
rude manufacturing operations, such as dressing hides ; and hence
its fitness for expressing shameful handling, when applied to humanity.
Compare as a kindred phrase " to sceame tucode," Judges xv. 8. The
details of this shameful handling are stated in Florence thus : quos-
dam erutis oculis vel manibus truncatis deturpavit.
1076. Vithele] Vitalis, Abbot of Westminster. His monument,
in the Cloisters of Westminster Abbey, is the earliest English tomb
with an effigies; according to Mr. Westmacott, in the Archceologlcal
Journal, 1860, p 304.
1077. forbarn Lundenburh] This fire of London is found in
no Saxon Chronicle except E ; nor do I find it repeated by any of
the Latiners.
1083. "Amongst the causes of this new sort of war, one of the
chief was the zeal of Thurstan the abbot to introduce the Norman
service, or rather the way of singing begun by William a monk of
Feschamp, and to thrust out that of Gregory the Great, which had
before been commonly used by the English monks." Inett, History
of the English Church, part ii. c. 3. 6. vol. ii. p 90. Ed. Griffiths.
Quoting Malmesb. de Antiq. Glaston. Eccles. p33i. Coll. Gale,
[p 114. Ed. Hearne.]
1083. mistukian] This seems to signify the infliction of some
irregular and capricious punishment : cf. Ettm. p 534, and Glossarial
Index by Herbert Coleridge, v. Tuke. Gibson was so far influenced
by the parallel narrative in Florence, as to render perperam docere,
explaining it of the abbot's attempt to substitute a modern chant in
place of the Gregorian, by which means he obtains but a poor
harmony, and does violence to the word mistukian. Compare " to
sceame tucode," Judges xv. 8.
1 085. p 2 LSI. lett agan ut] scrutari, Gibson ; marking well the
inquisitorial character of tFie proceeding. Some doubt may be felt
about this word agan, what it is. I take it for a compound of gan
or gangan = to go ; and identical with gegangan, gegan, of which the
pret. ' geeodon,' p 2 m ; ' geyde,' 617, conveys the notion of invasion
NOTES 351
and conquest. So here, there is the sense of acquiring statistics by
invasion of the Englishman's home ; expressed below in other words,
Swa swy^e nearwelice he hit left utaspyrian. An admirable illustration
occurs in the Laws of ^Ethelbirht, 29 : Gif f rim an edor gegange'S
= If a freeman enter (violently or intrusively) a habitation, &c.
1085. p 2i9h. teale] incrimination ; complaint with or without
ground ; declining rather to the latter aspect, so that the word often
stands as equivalent to calumnia, /SXao-^/ita. Thus it is used by
yElfric, who writes it according to the standard form tal. The
forms tsel arid teal are provincial ; e. g. ^Elc synn and tal brS for-
gifen behreowsigendum mannum, ac J?ees Halgan Gastes tal ne br5
naefre forgifen. peah ^e hwa cweSe tallic word ongean me &c.=
All sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven to repentant men, but blasphemy
of H. G. shall never be forgiven. Even though one utter injurious
language against me &c., Horn. i. p 498. And ^a ludeiscan boceras
mid hete |?set tseldon; ac heora tal nses na of rihtwisnysse, ac of
nrSe = And the Jewish scribes censured that with warmth, but their
censure was not of justice, but of envy, Id. p 338. peah waare
Codes rihtwisnys eallunga untsele = Yet would God's justice be quite
unassailable, Id. p 112. The prevalence of tssHnys, false accusation,
is one of the cotemporary evils complained of in a passage about
to be quoted from a Homily on the Life of S. Neot, which has
been thought to belong to this date. The present Annal closes
with a tale of distress which in the next year swells into a long and
loud wail of lamentation. In the same general strain, and agreeing
with it in several particulars, is the peroration of this Life of
S. Neot. Mr. Duffus Hardy has said (Catalogue, p 539) that this
Homily must be assigned to one of the two epochs of murrain and
general distress, 986 or 1086. He prefers the former, because
of the supposed approach of the end of the world. If this appre-
hension ceased at icoo, this single feature of the Homily is enough
to decide its date, and it must belong to 986. But all the other
features coincide so much better with the narrative of our Chronicle
at certain later dates, e.g. 1085-6; orin6; or again 1131: that
I am inclined to suppose the miseries of the eleventh and twelfth
centuries may have tended to prolong the anticipation of impending
doom. And it appears to me that not only is the good time of
Alfred's reign here commemorated ; the loss of a native dynasty is
touched in accents not loud but deep. It must be admitted that
the earlier date represents very bad times, a weak government,
want and distress, conspicuous crimes, Danish ravages. The pas-
sage is as follows : Eac is to wytene f se king ^Elfred manega bee
352 NOTES
|)urh Codes Cast gedyhte ; and binnen twam and twentig gearen
his cynerices and (?) J?iss eorSlice lif forlet, and to J?an ecen gewende,
swa him God geirSe for his rihtwisnysse.
Eala meen )>a leofe, j?a wseron gode dages on )>an gode time, for
Cristenes folcas ge earnunge and rihtwisra heafod manna. Nu is
seighwanen heof and wop, and orefcwealm mycel for folces synnen,
and wsestmes seig'Ser gea on wade gea on felde ne synd swa gode
swa heo iu wa?ron, ac yfele'S swy'Se call eorSewsestme. And unriht-
wisnysse mycele wexe wide geond wurlde, and sibbe tolysnysse,
and tselnysse ; and se ^ineS nu wserrest and geapest }>e o^erne mseig
beswican, and his sehte him of anymen. Eac manswereft man mare
)>one he scolde, )?y hit is ]>e wyrse wide on eorSe, and beo }>an we
mugen understanden f hit is neh domes da?ge. Ne spared nu se
fseder ]>an sune, ne nan roann o^ren, ac selc man win^ ongean o'Sren,
and Codes lage ne geme^, swa swa me scolde. Beo }?an we mugen
ongyten j) ]>iss wurld is aweigweard, and swy^e neh }>an sende ]>ysser
wurlde. Eale gesselig by^ se ]?e hine sylfen on time gebyrege^.
Uten nu bidden georne Seinte Neoten and o^re halgen -^ heo ure
|>ingeres beon to }>an heofon kinge, ^ we neefre ealles to yfelne time
ne gebiden on J>yssen carmen life, and j? we moten sefter for^si^e to
ecere reste becumen. = You should know also that the said king
Alfred was the author of many books by the Spirit of God ; and
within twenty-two years from the settlement of his kingdom, he left
this earthly life, and went to that which is eternal, by divine favour,
for his righteousness.
Ah, brethren, those were good days, in that good time, for the
Christian life of the people, and the blessing of just rulers ! Now it
is a groan and a cry on every side, and huge murrain for the
people's sins, and the fruits of the wood and the field are not so
good as they were formerly, but all the fruits of the earth are seri-
ously damaged. And injustice is vastly on the increase far and
wide, and dissolution of amity, and slanderous accusation ; and that
man is now thought shrewdest and cleverest who can betray another
and defraud him of goods. Men perjure themselves too, even when
they are not under pressure, and this makes it worse, all the world
over, and thereby we may understand that it is nigh doom's day.
Now, the father has no mercy on his son, nor one man on another,
but each man is at strife with his neighbour, and God's law is not
respected, as it should be. Thereby we may learn that this world
is on the wane, and that it is very near to the end of this world.
But withal, he shall be saved that taketh heed to himself in time.
Let us entreat S. Neot and other saints, that they be our advocates
NOTES 353
with the heavenly king, that our lot be not cast on too utterly bad
a time, and that we may after death attain to everlasting rest.
MS. Cott. Vespas. D. xiv. f. 148.
1085. p2i9m. corn and wsestmas waeron setstandene]
segetes etiam et arborum fructus segnius maturescebant (Gibson),
corn and fruits were at a stand (Ingram), corn and fruits were left
standing (Stevenson), corn and "fruits were at a stand (Thorpe).
The only other case of set-standan that I find is in Beowulf 1776
(Kemble, 891 Grein), where it is used of the sword-blade that has
passed through the dragon's body. But whether the verb set-stod
in that place signifies that it stood out conspicuous, or that it stuck
in to the wall beyond, is doubted. Kemble takes the former, and
renders set-standan by exstare : Thorpe the latter ; and also Grein,
if I understand his German,
buvcfybrcmcj
ben uwnbetbaven SShtrm, bop an ber SSanb e3 anftunb.
If Kemble is right, aet-standene might signify cereals sprouting in
the ear.
1086. p 220 b. un wrest] Cf. below, the note on 1 131 (p 260 1).
p 221 m. wurSful] majestic, worshipful, dignified, kingly.
p22ib. fyrmest toeacan J?am cynge] the most prominent,
the first man next to the king.
p222h. sona he forleas &c.] This was law in Saxon times;
cf. Alfred's Laws, 25, i ; and still in Bracton.
p222m. werscipe] "and if he might have lived two years
longer, he would have won Ireland by his valour, and without any
weapons" (Stevenson). Gibson, Ingram, Thorpe, substantially the
same. But one may ask, What is this antithesis between valour and
weapons ? How should his valour act without weapons ? If it be
answered, By the terror of a great military renown then we reply,
that this cause is speedy in operation, and is not helped by the lapse
of time ; why then the words " two years longer ?"
Plainly, werscipe is, by a negligent orthography, for wserscipe ;
and has nothing to do with wer=vir, but with W95r=pactum,foedus,
cautela. So wes for wses, weron for wseron (see Glossary) . Then
a clear sense comes out : if he might have lived two years longer, he
would have won Ireland with his wary negotiation, and without any
weapons.
" It (the Conquest of Ireland) was simply the sequel of the Nor-
man Conquest of England." Prof. Goldwin Smith, Ireland, p 45.
" Ireland was struck by the last languid wave of a deluge of conquest,
which had overwhelmed all the neighbouring nations." Id. p 47.
z z
354 NOTES
p 223 t. forleon] sic MS. for fleon, Gibson, Ingram, Thorpe.
p 223. Eac weartS on Ispanie &c.] The only notice of Spain
in these Chronicles. But though Spanish affairs generally were not
much heard of at Peterborough, yet the struggles of Spain at this
date, which agitated the heart of Christendom and produced the
Cid el Campeador, might well come to the knowledge of a historian
who had lived at the Conqueror's court.
In 1085, Toledo was wrested from the Moors after they had held
it 372 years. This was achieved by Alphonse VI, king of Castile
and Leon, the " Christian king Anphos" of our text. Here was
the first step in the Christian Keconquest of Spain.
So startled were the Emirs, that they rashly invited over Youssouf
ben Taschfin, parvenu king of Fez, who readily came with his
formidable Almoravides. The terror of this army roused France to
make common cause with the Christian states of Spain. The con-
federates met the Africans at Zelaca, near Badajoz, and suffered a
tremendous defeat. But this victory was turned by the ambitious
Youssouf against his own allies. He subjugated the Mussulman
governments, and established the sway of the Almoravides. Toledo
remained in the hands of the Christians.
In the next generation the struggle was continued. Another
Alphonse drove the son of Youssouf from Saragossa, and made that
city the capital of Aragon (1118). This Alphonse (" the warrior")
even marched an army into Granada (1125), and attempted the
work that was reserved for Ferdinand. His romantic expedition,
though disastrous, shed lustre on the Christian cause.
It almost looks as if our chronicler wrote this paragraph late
enough to have heard something of all this, otherwise his closing
words are loose and incorrect.
1086. p 223 b. to selcen mynstre and to selcen
cyrcean uppe land] This is a good passage to illustrate the early
relations between the minster and the country church. The religious
organization is here seen to repose upon the minster as its unit
and base, where we should now put the parish church.
1087 m. Rodbeard amundbrseg] A Saxon corruption of the
name De Mowbray : cf. Flor. ad annum.
1087 b. De b' Odo ]?e ]>as cyng ofawocan] Here 'cyng' is a
blunder for 'j>ing;' = Tyw? bishop Odo with whom these things ori-
ginated.
1087. p 225 h. heora wudas and slsetinge] sylvas suas et
venatus, Gibson : their woods and chaces, Ingram : their woods and
[the right of] killing [the deer] t Stevenson : their woods and liberty
NOTES 355
of the chace, Thorpe. See Halliwell, v. Slate; and Herbert Cole-
ridge, v. Slating.
1090. Albemare] Mr. Thorpe identifies this with Aumale on the
Brele, formerly called the Eu, the boundary between Picardy and
Normandy : quoting Mr. Stapleton's Paper in Archaeologia, vol. xxvi,
which I have not the opportunity of consulting. Moreri, Diction-
naire, gives Albamala as the Latin form of Aumale.
1091 h. j?es eorles unj>ances] It is not enough to render this
*' Comite invito" (Gibson) " against the will of the Count" (Thorpe).
Unjjances is the adverbial genitive of unj>anc, or more properly
imge]?anc, of which the meaning is " mala intentio" (cf. Grimm's
Gr. ii, 777. for the force which the prefix un- imparts), " an adverse,
hostile purpose." Hence the expression in the text means " to the
detriment or prejudice of the count ; or, in pursuance of hostile de-
signs against the count." It would appear to have been by retro-
action upon the simple Dances, that the latter grew to signify gratis,
ultro, gratia, &c. ; and in this movement we discern the pivot of
transition from think, cogitare, to thank, gratias agere.
1091 b. ut of Scotlande into LoSene on Englaland]
Malcolm moved out of Scotland into Lothian, which was in (the
Engles' land, or) England. Here we see that ' England' was at that
time bounded by the Frith of Forth, and Lothian was in < England'
and not in 'Scotland.' Cf. Geographical Illustrations of Scottish
History, by David Macpherson, 1 796, v. Louthian. But it must be
observed, " Engla land" here, is purely an ethnological and not a
political term. As to government, it appears to have been held by
the kings of Scotland under the crown of England, and to have
been one of those districts which made it a confused question how'
far the Scotch throne was feudatory to the English.
Mr. Thorpe renders " into the district of Leeds," because Flor.
has " in provincia Loidis/'
1091. p228. tohwurfon] they separated, parted, took leave of
each other. The verbs in to- have so much lost their ancient cha-
racter, that the investigator of the English language as it is, naturally
takes this to to be a preposition, and supposes an ellipse of the governed
substantive. In the old language there were the compound verbs
to-brsecan, to-sceotan, to-tseran, &c. ; but now we hear of ' breaking
to pieces,' * tearing to shreds,' &c. : and Dean Alford says, ' that in the
expression " shutting to," it is the preposition, and not the adverb,
that is used ; that to which the door is shut being omitted.' The
Queen's English, p 32.
1093, J?e ser on his agenre hand stod] which before was in
zz2
356 NOTES
his own tenancy. William Rufus was the first sovereign who kept
bishoprics and abbeys vacant for the sake of their revenues. Queen
Elizabeth was the last. Mr. Griffiths ad Inett, part ii. c. iv. 3."
Stephen's Commentaries, book iv. part i. c. vii.
1094. p 230 h. Isehte] Of this root we have the latch of a door,
and the verb is preserved in full use in Norfolk, where men say of
a cricket-ball, " If yo'll hull it, I'll latch it," i. e. If you will throw it,
I will catch it. t
1095. p 232 m. ser J?8Bre tide to tide wseron]
Gibson took ' tide' in these places for festival, season, as we still
speak of Christmas-tide, Whitsun-/z'efe. This is surely right, and it
is not easy to see why the modern translators have not followed
him. His version is as follows : Eorum aliquos Rex ante illud festum
jussit in custodias tradi ; et postea admodum minaci edicto per totam
hanc terram [misso] jussit omnes qui a Rege terras tenebant, mod6
pace dignos haberi se vellent, adesse suse Curise infesto.
gemahlice] In Wright's Vocabularies, pp 50, 55, gemah is put
for the Latin words procax, pervicax, importunus ; and gemahnys
for procacitas, pervicacia. See quotation in note on 1098.
1096. p 233 t. hine on orreste overcom] vanquished him in
(judicial) combat. Orrest is a Danish word, which was probably
well understood in the neighbourhood of Peterborough. Egilsson,
Lexicon Poet. Septent. v. Orrosta, prcdium and, Folkorosta,
pralium acie commissum. I am not aware that the word is found
elsewhere in the Saxon remains. Ettmiiller, Lexicon Anglo Sax.,
p 41, gives orrestscipe, ignominia, on the authority of a Cotton
MS. Vocabulary. I have searched Mr. Wright's Edition of the
Vocabularies for it in vain. On p 2 1 there is " Ignominia, scande."
If Ettmiiller's instance is not a pure error, the word can hardly have
anything to do with our orreste it would probably be a compound
of or and estscipe.
The genuine Saxon term would have been on gefeohte ; but as
the verb gefeaht had just preceded, the variation is useful. Already
we see the language profiting by the commixture of different national
elements.
1096. p 233 h. J>ses cynges aSum] Eude, earl of Champagne,
had married William's half-sister, and on this ground he is called
the king's a^um, a term which commonly means son-in-law. In
Wright's Vocabularies, we have Gener, ajjum, p 52 ; and Gener,
o]>am, p 88. It is not found that language produces a special term
to denote each grade of family relationship, until after a long
and elaborate discipline in jurisprudence, such as that which the
NOTES 357
Latin passed through. The vagueness of the terra ' brother' in
Hebrew is well known ; our word ' nephew' formerly denoted two
different relations, and l cousin' in our own day is still found con-
venient to express indeterminate kinship. It is therefore a very
moderate deflection of a'Sum from a daughter's husband to a sister's
husband. The same use is found above, 1091 m.
1096. p 233 m. and eall Normandig set him mid feo alisde,
swa swa hi ]?a sehte wseron] There is nothing to add to the
translations of Gibson and Stevenson, the two who have under-
stood the passage, except that alisde (' mercaretur,' Gibson ; ' pur-
chased,' Stevenson) is identically our modern verb leased. In Latin
documents it was represented by redimere, and reversely this Latin
word was supplied in Anglo Saxon theology by the verb alysan.
Ps. Ixix. 7, Alysend= Redeemer : cf. Ps. xlix. 16. ^Elfric's Horn. i.
p 138, God bebead, on ]?3ere ealdan ee, his folce J?aet hi sceoldon him
offrian selc frumcenned hysecild, ofrSe alysan hit ut mid fif scyllin-
gum^God bade his people, in the old law, that they should offer
to him every first-born male child, or redeem it with five shillings.
It may seem strange that this verb should be used for an act
which is almost the opposite to redeeming, viz. the taking as pledge
or security. But this migration of a word is not hard to parallel ;
and we still hear the verb to lease used both of lessor and lessee.
1097. p 234 t. sum J)3era wsds Caduuagan gehaten] one of
them was named Cadwgan. All the translators agree here in trans-
lating s\}JXL=one ; and this rendering 'might be advantageously ex-
tended to many other cases. Thus in 605 E, fiftiga sum is not
'with about fifty' or 'some fifty,' but simply 'one of fifty' So
626 E, twelfa sum=oe of twelve: 794 E, heretogena sum=
one of the leaders : 894, p 92 m, sum dsel = (not ' some part,' but)
a part : 911 R, sum hund scipa = o;/e hundred ships. There are
doubtless instances in which nothing but the modern ' some' can be
used to express it, but these are less numerous than is supposed.
How nearly it is equivalent to the numeral * one' may be seen from
Mark iv. 8, where it alternates with an ; ' and an brohte ]?rytigfealdne,
sum syxtigfealdne, sum hundfealdne. 1
1097. p 23 4 h. manige men leton J>aet hit cometa waere
m. }>8es ]>e men leton] many men supposed
as men surmised.
The verb thus repeated here, is not found else in the Chronicles, and
it may be doubted whether it is preserved in any other Anglo Sax on
text. The law of Eadgar about burying in the church (Wilkins,
p 84, 29) seems to contain, not this 'verb, but the well-known laetan,
358 NOTES
to permit, allow, grant, let: ]>set man innan circan aenigne man ne
birige, bute man vyite J>set he on life Gode to J>am wsel gecweme
ware ]>set man Surh J>aet Isete J>aet he sy =Saes legeres wyrj?e = that
within the church they bury no man, unless they know that in life
he so pleased God, that upon this ground concession be made of so
honourable a resting-place.
But leton in our text has nothing to do with laetan. It would be
vain to look for its infinitive, arid other parts, for it is simply a
Danish word. The Danish verb Lede is to seek minutely for an
obscure thing, from corner to corner. Man kan ikke 'lede' efter
et Skib paa Oceanet ; i. e. this verb ' lede' is not used of looking for
a ship on the wide ocean. Molbech, v. Lede. In Swedish it is
Leta, which is in abundant use, and has various applications, all
branching from the sense to search, enquire.
The root of this verb is found also in the southern branch of the
Gothic family, but in the opposite voice. Instead of bearing the
active sense, of searching, peering into ; it bears the passive sense of
being seen, seeming, videri. In Platt-Deutsch we find Laten rendered
by cwffefyen, fd^einen, gaftattet fetytt. Bremisch-Nieder saechsisches Woerter-
buch, Bremen, 1768. So in Cheshire, Leeten means, you pretend
to be ; e. g. you are not so mad as you leeten you. Grose and
Pegge's Provincial Glossary.
Both of these senses spring out of that train of ideas which is
associated with wlite, the human face.
1098. p 235. ofeode] This word, which signifies attainment,
acquisition, answers in a general way to the English verb to obtain.
Gibson's impetraverat goes beyond the original, and conveys that it
was obtained by simple request. This is not in ofeode, nor does
history supply it. In Cod. Dipl. 594, the word is used for acquisition
by involuntary purchase. It is not very clear how the elements of
this compound should have led to the sense which it obviously bears.
Mr. Thorpe is at fault upon this word (Glossary to Analecta, v.
ofeode and ofgangan). Ettmiiller omits it. Under these circum-
stances some illustration is desirable. " We sceolon }>urh gehyrsum-
nysse and forhaefednysse and eadmodnysse, anmodlice to urum e^ele
stseppan, and mid halgum msegnum ^one card ofgan, j>e we 'Surh
leahtras forluron ;" i. e. " We should, by obedience and continence and
humility, resolutely march to our inheritance, and with holy virtues
attain that congenial land which by our vices we lost." ^Elfric's
Homilies (Ed. Thorpe), vol. i. p 1 1 8. " So^lice gemagnys is ]>am
so^an Deman gecweme, }>eah ^e heo mannum un&ancwurSe sy ;
forSan $e se arfaesta and se mildheorta God wile )>aet we mid gemag-
NOTES 359
licum benum his mildheortnysse ofgan, and he nele swa micclum swa
we geearnia'S us geyrsjan ;" i. e. " In fact, importunity is pleasing to
the true Judge, though it is offensive to men ; for it is the will of the
just and merciful God that we with importunate prayers obtain (=con-
quer, win) his mercy, and he will not be angry with us according to
our deservings." Id. vol. ii. p 126.
Other verbs of motion, compounded with of, give this sense of
assequi, adipisci; viz. ofridan, 877, 901; offaran, p 157. Cf.
Thwaites, Heptateuch, Joshua ii. 5. Cf. note on 1048 (p 178 h),
'of saende.'
1 1 oo. swa swa maenige ssedan J>e hit geseon sceoldan]
as many said who professed to have seen it. This clause has occurred
a little before, 1098. By the word ' sceoldan,' the writer is exempted
from all share in the statement, like Herodotus so often, e. g. vii.
152: 'E-yo) 6e 6(j)fL\a) Aeyety TO. Xeyd/zei/a, Treidfo'dai ye p,fv &>v ov Travrdiracri
6<f>fl\G>.
1 100. p 236 t. tyrwigende] distressing, harassing, oppressing.
This verb tyrwigan, tyrigan or tyrian, is not found in any other
place of the Chronicles. But it occurs in ^Elf. Horn. i. p 562 : pa
gelamp hit )>aet sume ]?a hgeftenan wurdon mid andan getyrigde &c.=
Then it happened that some heathens were disturbed with envy &c.
Other examples in the Lexicons, Ettmiiller, p 522.
1100. p 237. bewseddade] wedding meant betrothal, and was
not, as now, another word for marriage. There is a highly interesting
chapter in the Saxon Laws, entitled, Be wifmannes beweddunge,
which Mr. Thorpe has put among the Laws of Edmund (vol. i.
p 254); but Schmid has given separately, Appendix vi. The various
legal steps in the process, from the enquiries preliminary to betrothal
(weddian) down to the religious forms that are to be observed at the
marriage (set J>am giftan), are stated very distinctly. Below, p 243,
we have the expression for marriage, " for his dohter gifte," i. e.
giving away : cf. " Who giveth this woman &c. ?"
1 101. J>e mid unfrrSe hider to lande fundode] " who came
here to this land in a hostile manner," Stevenson : " who was
meditating a hostile invasion of this land," Thorpe. It is not easy
to find in modern English a simple rendering for fundian in this
place. It is not exactly the act of coming or the intention of
coming, but the impulse of coming, the move, the start of the
expedition. Perhaps it would be best translated, "who started for
this country with hostile intent." The word was selected here, to
express by anticipation the abortiveness of the project. Above 1085,
fundode hiderward may be rendered hue proficisceretur, was preparing
360 NOTES
\
to advance against this country. To say that Cnut meditated an
attack on England, would have been almost superfluous, from what
was known of his position and character. Munch, Det Norske Folks
Historic, vol. iii. p39psqq. To say that he came, would contradict
the sequel.
The verb does not occur in the Chronicles more than in these
two places; but we have 1 106 (p 241 t) the expression "on his
fundunge ofer sse/' which means, on the eve of his departure, or
when he was in actual motion to depart over sea. The verb fundian
is related to the poetical adjective fus, ready to set q/", identical
with OHG funa=pronus, prornptus, Graff.
The poetical examples of fundian have been collected by Bouterwek
and Grein. Some of the best prose examples are in the translation
of Boethius, where it is rather a frequent word, e. g. to J>0em gode
ealle J>a gesceafta fundia)> ^e heora gecynd healdaj? to that good
(viz. the summum bonum) all the creatures tend, that keep true to
their nature, xxxv. v. p 256, Ed. Cardale : gif twegen men fundiaj)
to anre stowe = if two men are setting out for one place, xxxvi. iv.
init. Probably there are not many languages that could furnish
a precise match to this verb ; o/j/zaa&u is that which most readily
offers itself.
1 1 o i . abruSon] See above, note on 1 004.
1 103. swa swa him and )?am cynge gewearS] sicut ei et regi
convenit, Flor. This is the right meaning, according to agreement
between him and the king. But how is the simple and vague geweairS
with a dative (eyeWro avrois) able to convey this idea ? Perhaps
this is an instance of that readiness to adopt an elliptical phraseology,
which is of the genius of the English language. Above, p 151 t,
we have the original and full expression, " gewearS him and )>am
folce on Lindesige &3ies" = an agreement was made between him and
the folk in Lindsey. This sentence could be rendered verbally in
Latin or Greek or any cultivated language almost ; but perhaps we
should search far without finding an idiom such as this, with the
main and most significant substantive (anes = covenant) omitted.
Cf. Dean Alford, Queens English, p 65. In Cod. Dipl. 1302, are
repeated and strongly marked examples of this idiom.
1104. gebroiden] quisque sub alio collocatus, Gibson; each
described under the other, Ingram ; who in his note takes a severely
mathematical view of the passage, but very happily quotes Matth.
Westm. " albi, picti, et mirabiliter implicati." It cannot be doubted
that Matthew's words are derived from the Saxon here before us.
Thorpe translates " each twined under the other." This gebroiden
NOTES 3(H
is the word, when mention is made of braided or broided hair, as it
ought to stand in i Tim. ii. 9, instead of ' broidered hair.' See
Trench, English Past and Present, p 198.
swylce hi gemette wseron] quasi essent picti, Flor. A painting-
is meting, as in the following interesting passages from ^Elfric :
'* On o$re wisan we sceawiaft metinge, and on o^re wisan stafas.
Ne gae^ na mare to metinge buton }>aet J>u hit geseo and herige :
nis na genoh }?set J>u stafas sceawige, buton Jm hi eac raede, and
j>set andgit understande" = There is a difference between the way in
which we look at a picture, and the way in which we look at writing.
For a picture, you have only to see and praise it, but it is not enough
to take a view of writing, unless you also read it, and understand the
meaning. Horn. i. p 186. In the other passage he is saying that
though in heaven the saved will command a view of the woes of the
lost, yet it will not diminish their felicity; " ac heora tintrega becymS
}>am gecorenum to maran blisse, swa swa on metinge brS forsewen
seo blace anlicnys, J>set seo hwite sy beorhtre gesewen" = 6w4 their
pains will have the effect of enhancing the bliss of the elect, in the same
manner as in a picture a dark figure is put in, that the fair one may
shew the brighter.
1 1 06. p 241 m. sac leas] unimpeached, unaccused. Sometimes
it means innocent, e. g. nanne sacleasan man forsecgan = inculpate
no innocent man. Laws, ^Ethelred iii. 4. And so it is used by
Sir Walter Scott, " whether she was sackless o' the sinfu' deed."
Heart of Mid Lothian, cap. v.
i 1 10. p 243 h. and oncweow] It would be quite an innovation
on the part of an Editor of the Saxon Chronicles to pass this cele-
brated difficulty over without note or comment. But before a new
remedy is proposed, the previous suggestions should be reviewed.
Lectio fortasse vitiosa; certe vocabuli significatio me latet.
Gibson.
Ingram translates, " who held Maine in fee-tail of Henry ;"
adding the following in a note : " That is, the territory was not
a. fee-simple, but subject to taillage or taxation; and that particular
species is probably here intended, which is called in old French * en
queungej an expression not very different from that in the text
above."
Mr. Stevenson provisionally adopts Ingram's translation, adding :
" The rendering here adopted is that of Ingram, which is allowed
to stand, though unsatisfactory, no better explanation having as yet
occurred."
Mr. Thorpe proposes, instead of "oncweow," to read " Angeow,"
3 A
362 NOTES
translating it thus, "who held Le Maine of king Henry and
Anjou;" and adding the following note: "If the reading of
'Angeow/ for the senseless 'oncweow' of the text, be well founded,
it shews that Helie held of both princes, of Henry as count of Nor-
mandy, and of the count of Anjou."
No one will think that Mr. Thorpe's emendation, either for its
historical or philological probability, is worthy to displace that of
Ingram, which has at least the merit of ingenuity. To Ingram's it
may be objected, that it takes no account of the conjunction 'and/
It appears to me that the place may possibly be mended by
simpler means. Instead of 'oncweow' I would propose to read
' oncneow.' This is then a verb coupled with geheold, and standing
in an antithetical position to the next apoclosis 'and hi togeanes
}>am cynge heold.' The translation would in this case be as follows :
Also this year died Count Helie, who held Maine under king Henry
and acknowledged [the dependency]; and after his death the Count of
Anjou had it, and held it against the king.
1 1 10. p 243m. Ceortes sege] This ancient foundation dates
from a little after the middle of the seventh century, as it owes its
origin to Erkenwald, who was bishop of London 675-693, and of
whom Bede (iv. 6) says, that he founded the two monasteries of
Chertsey and Barking (Essex) before he was bishop. After the
Danish ravages it appears to have been resuscitated, and it was
among the first of those on whom the Reform of Dunstan took
effect, above 964. The death of an Abbot is noticed 1084.
In the year 1853, workmen who were employed on the site came
on some encaustic tiles,, which happily caught the eye of Mr. Shur-
lock, who ensured their preservation. They are now in the South
Kensington Museum. The style of art on these tiles is not unlike
the illustrations in Csedmon and other Anglo Saxon manuscripts.
Mr. Shaw refers them to the thirteenth century. Tile Pavements from
Chertsey Abbey, Surrey, by Henry Shaw, F.S. A., i 857. He remarks :
" It is somewhat singular that although the destruction of this ex-
tensive and richly endowed Abbey was so complete that scarcely
one stone was allowed to remain upon another or even a tile to
escape mutilation, no record has yet been found of the time when
this destruction took place, under whose authority it occurred, or of
any of the circumstances attending it."
In 1861, the site was sold by auction, and Mr. T. R. Bartrop, one
of the honorary secretaries of the Surrey Archaeological Society, was
the purchaser. In Bede the name is spelt CerotaBsei (v. I. Ceorotesei);
in Cod. Dipl. 987 (marked spurious by Kemble) it is Cirotesege.
NOTES 363
i T 1 6, byrstfull] This word occurs again in the next annal. It
may be illustrated by a comparison of the two versions of Lajamon,
vol. i. p. 104:
vnder Jrissere blisse vnder J>ane blisse
J>er comen muchele burstes. pare come manie harmes.
The same variation is repeated in page 247.
1116, gsesne on msestene] barren in mast. An article of great
importance when swine were the chief live stock. In Cod. Dipl. 843,
mid m0este = cum porcorum esca,
gsesne, barren, sterilis, expers. Cf. Grimm's Andreas und Elene,
p 124.
i j 1 8. Theophanie] As Epiphania became ' Epiphany,' so Theo-
phania was Englished down to ' Tiffany.' See Miss Yonge's History
of Christian Names, vol. i. p 433.
1 1 21. A^elis] Adeliza of Louvain is the best known form, of
which ' A^elis' may be a Saxon rendering. She is also called Alix la
Belle. Our English form is Alice. The name which Queen Adelaide
has lately planted among us, a name representing the Old High
German Adalheid, i, e. nobilitas, nobleness (as to this -held, see
Grimm, Gr. ii. p 498), is probably the same. See more in Miss
Yonge's History of Christian Names, vol. ii. p 398. A late discovery
presents us with this Queen's name in what may be deemed an
authorized form. Fair impressions of her seal have for the first
time come to light in the muniments of the Marquis of Westminster,
bearing SIGILLVM-AALIDIS. In the Foundation Charter of
Reading Abbey, preserved at the Rolls, it is written " signum Ade-
leidis reginse." A grant to the Abbey, printed in Kennett, begins
"ego Aelidis regina." Archceological Journal, September 1863,
p28i. Below 1 127, ^E^Jelic.
1 1 22. dwild] spectra (Gibson), spectres (Ingram and Thorpe),
prodigies (Stevenson). The last is the best, not only as more con-
formable to the verbs of seeing and hearing, but also as rendering
the vagueness of the original. The word 'dwild, as it may fairly
be written for gedwild= deceit, not being really a vox propria for
any object either of eye or ear, but an elevated and euphuistic gene-
ralism for illusions which were attributed to the trickery of evil
spirits.
1 1 22. Jjsersefter] Science has calmed these terrors, and broken the
connection between meteoric phenomena and the events of history.
But these groundless anxieties have produced some of the. most
lively touches in our early records. Nowhere has the descriptive
energy of language been more brought out than when minds have
3 A2
364 NOTES
been wrought upon by these apprehensions. Above 1 104 we have
a graphic account of a parhelion ; here and below i [31 of an Aurora
Borealis.
We are apt to suppose that it was only in the remote and
primitive times that men's minds could be terrified by such appear-
ances ; but the following passages shew that the public was just as
easily alarmed in the eighteenth century as in the twelfth.
In 1716 the public mind was much excited by the trials and
executions that ensued upon the quelling of the insurrection of
1715, and especially with the execution of Lord Derwentwater.
The following is from the Diary of Mary Countess Cowper
(Murray, 1864), under the date of March 6, 1716 :
" An extraordinary light in the sky, described to me since by Dr. Clarke, who
saw it from the beginning. First appeared a black cloud, from whence smoke
and light issued forth at once on every side, and then the cloud opened, and
there was a great body of pale fire, that rolled up and down, and sent forth all
sorts of colours like the rainbow on every side ; but this did not last above two
or three minutes. After that it was like pale elementary fire issuing out on all
sides of the horizon, but most especially at the north and north-west, where it
fixed at last. The motion of it was extremely swift and rapid, like clouds in
their swiftest rack. Sometimes it discontinued for a while, at other times it was
but as streaks of light in the sky, but moving always with great swiftness. About
one o'clock this phenomenon was so strong, that the whole face of the heavens
was entirely covered with it, moving as swiftly as before, but extremely low. It
lasted till past four, but decreased till it was quite gone. At one, the light was
so great that I could, out of my window, see people walk across Lincoln's -inn-
fields, though there was no moon. Both parties turned it on their enemies.
The Whigs said it was God's judgment on the horrid rebellion, and the Tories said
that it came for the Whigs taking off the two lords that were executed . I could
hardly make my chairmen come home with me, they were so frightened, and I was
forced to let my glass down, and preach to them as I went along, to comfort
them. I'm sure anybody that had overheard the dialogue would have laughed
heartily. All the people were drawn out into the streets, which were so full one
could hardly pass, and all frighted to death."
" March 7, The town full of lies of what was seen in the air last night. Papers
printed and sold that two armies were seen to fight in the air, that two men with
flaming swords were seen to fight over Lincoln's-inn-fields. The mob that went
to Mr. Linet's burial last night said they saw two men in the sky fight without
heads."
In the Historical Register for 1716 there is an account of this
phenomenon :
" March 6. The same evening, about eight of the clock, was seen a strange
phenomenon in the sky. It appeared at first like a huge body of light, compact
within itself, but without motion ; but in a little time it began to move and
separate, extending itself towards the west, when it seemed, as it were, to dispose
itself into columns or pillars of flame. From thence it darted sotith-east with
amazing swiftness, and after many undulatory motions and vibrations, there
NOTES
appeared to be a continual fulguration, interspersed with green, red, blue, and
yellow. Then it moved towards the north; from whence, in a little time, it
renewed its wavy motions and coruscations as before, which continued to be seen
till past three in the morning."
Mr. Gibson, the antiquary, in his Dilston Hall, or Memoirs of the
Earl of Derwentwater, says that the phenomenon has ever since
been known as " Lord Derwentwater' s Lights." [Extracted from
Guardian, May 4, 1864.]
1 123. se biscop Roger of Seresbyrig on an half him. and
se biscop^Rotbert Bloet of Lincolne on o'Ser half him.] For
a sketch of these, Henry's favourite bishops, see Essays and Reviews,
by the Rev. R. W. Church, p 199 sq.
1123. p 250 h. samodlice] This was no adverb of every day
currency, but made with a purpose. It occurs not again in the Chro-
nicles, nor do the Dictionaries furnish another instance. It is not
merely 'together' (Thorpe), which is in Saxon setsomne, tosomne,
setgsedere. Ingram alone has translated the word adequately " all
in a body." The bishops had determined to act collectively, unitedly,
conjointly, and therefore they went to the king all in a body.
" Unanimiter" (Gibson) is implied in samodlice.
1124. Belmunt Watteuile] Belmunt appears to be
Beaumont, 2^m. from Pont L'Evque in Normandy, the birthplace
of Laplace the mathematician.
Of Watteuile, Gibson says, " Hodie opinor Vatteuile ab australi
parte Sequana, prope ejus fluminis ostium." This place is now
written Fatouville. Murray's Handbook of France; Map of Seine.
ii 24 b. sedlsepas] seed-lips, as the large wooden troughs which
are slung in front of the sower to carry his seed in are still called
in Somersetshire. Literally, seed-baskets. Here it stands for a
measure of capacity. See Mr. Albert Way's note in Prompt. Parv.
v. Leep.
1124. p 253. gewitene mot strange motes] The latter
expression " harsh, severe courts," is illustrated by what is narrated
of the proceedings at the " gewitene mot" in Leicestershire. We
are not to suppose that this "gewitene mot," which was presided
over by a subject, was the Great Council of the Nation ; neither was
it a " scirgemot" or Assembly of the Shire. Saxon institutions had
been much disfigured and confused by arbitrary and unconstitutional
expedients, and men had forgotten the precise import of the terms
belonging to them. Among other changes, open courts were much
disused, and were superseded by the " hall-mote" or court held in the
lord's hall, the mere statement of which readily suggests what
366 NOTES
would follow, and makes the " strange motes" of the text easy to
comprehend.
1125. fals] This is the Latin falsum=a counterfeit, spurious
thing, a fraud. The crime of falsum applied not only to the forgery
of a will or other instrument, but likewise to the adulteration of
gold or silver coin. See Smith's Diet. Gr. and Rom. Antiquities,
v. Falsum. From it has come the present French word for " forgery,"
which is faux, having passed through a form much like that in the
text. The word fals (neuter substantive, j?8et fals) occurs both for
* base coin,' and also for the crime of debasing the coin, falsification,
forgery. Schrnid (Glos. v. Fals) renders it corruptio, B^lfftyung
(be3 efte$). A law of Cnut (ii. 8) decrees the loss of the right
hand to the false moneyer ; "... ymbe feos bote, j>aet an mynet
gange ofer ealle ]?as J?eode butan selcon false and }>set nan man ne
forsace ; and se J>e ofer j?is fals wyrce, Jjolige J>aera handa, ]>e he j?aet
fals rnid worhte, and he hi mid nanum }>ingum ne gebicge, ne mid
golde ne mid seolfre ;" i. e. . . . about correcting the money-system,
that one currency pass every where in these realms without falsifi-
cation, and that no man decline it ; and whoso hereafter is guilty of
false-moneying, let him suffer the loss of the hand that he made the
spurious coin withal and let him not with any consideration redeem
it (his hand) not with gold nor with silver. In Cod. Dipl. 717, the
word is used in reference to a written document.
1125. f hi ealle sibohton] = that they all paid heavily for, i.e.
they suffered the consequences of. See La3amon, Gios. v. abugge,
and the note there referred to. Tyrwhitt in Chaucer, Glos.v.Abegge,
Abeye, Abie, renders it simply " To suffer for," without noticing
the parent sense " To pay the full price of."
1125. p 254. se b' of Lo)>ene J.J John, the first bishop of
Glasgow. David Macpherson's " Geographical Illustrations of Scot-
tish History," i 796, v. Louthian.
1127. .ZE'Selic] This is the same name as that of her step-mother,
which is above 1121 spelt ^E^elis ; shewing that indifferent use of
S and C, of which many examples occur between this and the end
of E. Lappenberg speaks of her as king Henry's Tochter Adelheid,
welche spater gewohnlich den damals beliebtern Namen Matlnlde
fuhrte, vol. ii. p 248. Under the name of Matilda she is celebrated
as the rival of Stephen.
1127. p2 5 61. on J?e selue derfald] in the very deer-fold; in
the home-park itself. The nature of the hunt here imagined is
totally different from that of our day. Now-a-days men hunt for
exercise and sport, but then they hunted for food, or for the luxury
NOTES 3f>7
of fresh meat. Now the flight of the beast is the condition of a good
hunt, but in those days it entailed disappointment. They had neither
the means of giving chase nor of killing at a distance, so they used
stratagem to bring the game within the reach of their missiles. A
labyrinth of alleys was penned out at a convenient part of the wood,
and here the archers lay under covert. The hunt began by sending
men round to brush and beat the wood, and drive the game with
dogs and horns into the ambuscade. This pen is the haia so fre-
quently occurring among the silvte in Domesday. The derfald of
our text seems to be the same. Horns were used, not as with us,
to call the dogs ; or, as in France, to signal the stray sportsmen -,
but to scare the game. The text has twenty or thirty horn blowers.
In fact it was the battue, which is now, under altered circumstances,
discountenanced by the authorities of the chase, but which in early
times was the only way for man to cope with the beasts of the
field.
1130. Of this celebrated consecration we have the historian
Gervase, so often referred to by Professor Willis for the excellence
of his architectural notices. He was a sacristan in Christ Church,
witnessed the fire, and watched the rebuilding. Learned architects
are able to verify his descriptions in the present fabric. See especially,
A Lecture on Modern Restoration of Ancient Buildings, by Mr. Gilbert
Scott, 1864.
1131. p 260 t. Her him trucode ealle his mycele crseftes.
mi him behofed ]>set he crape in his mycele codde in eelc
hyrne gif ]?33r wsere hure an unwreste wrenc J?set he mihte
get beswicen anes Crist and eall Cristene folc] = "Here all
his boasted astuteness failed him ; now he had good cause to creep
into his vast wallet [and explore it] in every corner, [to see] if by
any chance there might be there just one poor contrivance, so that
he might yet once more deceive Christ and all Christian folk."
The figure is, that this Abbot Henry's stock in life was a wallet full
of tricks and evasions, but that now when he sorely needed one of
them to serve his present occasions, they were all exhausted or worn
out. Gibson caught the spirit of the passage : " omnis ei angulus
tentandus est."
Codd is bag, wallet, scrip, unde, 'peas- cod/ &c. It is used in the
A. S. Gospels (Ed. Thorpe) to translate pera, irr)pa t in Matt. x. TO;
Mk. vi. 8; Lk. ix. 3 : cf. Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, 1. 12468. In
a curious inventory of the goods of a shopkeeper of Kirton in
Lindsay, A. D. 1^19, "ix coods," i. e. pillow-cases or pillows. And
368 NOTES
in Durham Wills ii. 156, " xxi coddes," A. 0.1587. Gent. Mag.,
April 1864, p 501.
hure is huru, and joined with a low numeral like an, it means
"just one" or " so much as one," " vel unum." By way of further
aggravating his case " unwreste" is added to the smallest numerals*
if he could find at the utmost one shabby evasion that might by
good luck serve one more turn, like the crazy ship in which the
ousted foreigners got away (on senon unwraeste scipe, p 187).
The same figure occurs in Chaucer's Romaunt of the Rose, 3263,
with the substitution of male = malle, portmanteau for cod :
So much treason is in his male,
Of falseness for to faine a tale.
1132-1154. One of the most palpable characteristics of the
language of this Continuation, is the appearance, now for the first
time, of the conjunction for, in the sense of the Latin nam, enim,
etenim; also, but less often, in the sense of quid, quod, idea quod.
Instances ;
p 261 ; for J?at ilc gear warth \>e king ded.
for aeuric man sone rseuede oj?er >e mihte.
for agenes him risen sona ]>a rice men >e wseron swikes.
and for he hadde get his tresor ( = et eo quod &c.)
for seuric rice man his castles makede
p 262 ; for ne uuseren neeure nan martyrs swa pined
for nan ne wees o J?e land
for ouersithon ne forbaren hi nouther circe ne cyrce iserd.
for hi uueron al forcursaed
for J>e land was al fordon
p 263 ; ac he ne myhte for he wart it war.
p 264; for >e king him sithen nam in Hamtun.
p 265 ; for J?a be king was in prisun J>a wenden &c.
for he besset heom til hi a iauen up here castles
and be gode rihte for he was an yuel man ( = quod)
for warese he com he dide mare yuel
al folc him luuede for he dide god justise.
In the old classical Saxon way of expressing this conjunction, for
was merely the preposition of the conjunctional phrase, for bam be,
pro eo quod, with its variants, one of which is still extant here and
there in this section in the form/orSz %cet.
1137. hise neues] his nephews, i.e. two nephews of Roger
bishop of Salisbury. Gibson rendered " suum nepotem," and this
has been followed by all after translators. Yet the words are dis-
tinctly plural, to a degree that admits not of being rendered in
English, as both the pronoun and the substantive have plural forms.
NOTES 369
Alexander bishop of Lincoln was nephew of Roger bishop of
Salisbury ; while the other Roger, the Cancellarius, was his nephew
by courtesy, or as Malmesbury sets it forth, " qui nepos esse, vel
plusquam nepos, ejusdem episcopi ferebatur." Hist. Nov. ii. 20.
if37b. carl men and wimen] males and females, men and
women. Carl men is not "peasant men" (as Mr. Thorpe has
rendered here and above, p222 h, carl man "common man"), but
simply men, the male sex as opposed to wimmen the female. It is
necessary to distinguish clearly between this word carl, mas, and
ceorl, rusticus; because they are quite distinct in use, if not in
origin. Grimm (Gr. ii. p 463) gives carl-cat, tom-cat ; carl-fugel,
avis mascula. This is the word that has become a Christian name,
$arl, Carolus, Charles ; and our compound carl man (Prankish
karlo-man) is the source of the name Charlemagne, the 'man'
having been twisted into magnus by after- thought.
1137. p 262 h. lof 3 gri] This would appear to be an abbrevi-
ation for lof and grin, which might be rendered beam and shackles.
In the Paris Psalter, Ps. xxxiv. 8, teldedon gryne, they tilled a snare ;
and v. 9, Gefo hi J>a grynu, may the gins catch them.
This barbarous engine seems to challenge comparison with the
" devil on the neck," which was used under Henry VIII. to vindicate
the honour of the Six Articles. Fox ii. 517, 536.
1137. p 262 m. drapen] they killed. Although this word oc-
curs both in Beowulf (3487, 3178, Ed. Kemble) and in Csedmon
(deaSdrepe 3424= ictus letalis : gemynddrepen 1565 = stupor sensus,
Bouterwek) yet its presence in this place may safely be attributed
to Danish influence. The word may have passed at an early period
from the Danish to the Anglian Scalds, and the occurrence of the
word in those poems tends to confirm their Anglian character.
The word is not cited from any positively Saxon documents. It is a
Norsk word : Jcel drepa ; Swed. drapa ; Dan. drsebe=to kill. In
the Glossarial Index of Thirteenth Century English, by Herbert
Coleridge, v. Drepen, it is cited from Havelok the Dane, and an
Early English Psalter, edited by Rev. J. Stevenson, for the Surtees'
Society, both Dano- Anglian sources.
1 137. p 262 m. flee] This word is found written without the S in a
Vocabulary melioris tevi, Wright, p 60 a; " Lanio .... flaec tawere."
1137. p 262 1. ouer sithon] I cannot adopt Gibson's rendering
' tandem enim ;' though followed by Ingram and Stevenson * after
a while ;' still less Mr. Thorpe's ' everywhere at times.'
Sithon or srSon or sijmm (d. pi. of sr= journey, course, going)
meant number of times, fois, vicibus. With a numeral it is of com-
3 B
370 NOTES
mon occurrence, twelf sibum, duodecies ; seofon si]>on, septuplum,
&c. In later times we find other words besides numerals combined
with it, e. g. offte sibe = oftentimes, Ormulum, Ed. White, v. Offte ;
and often sithes in Chaucer, Prol. Cant. Tales, 487.
It is not impossible that ouer in this place may belong to the
of which is in 'often;' and have nothing to do with f ofer, over.'
Then it is identical with Chaucer's often sithes, oftentimes. Sup-
posing 'over' to be meant, it would mean ' times past reckoning.'
1137. p 262 b. hi sseden openlice *6 xpist slep.] They said
openly that Christ slept. Was it His poor friends or His proud foes
that said so ? The latter, it would seem, from the word openlice.
But there are examples for both. Perhaps in some sense He admits
it Himself Dormio sed cor meum vigilat. Cantica Canticorum.
When He slept in the ship, all this was indicated. Ezekiel viii. 12,
ix. 9 ; 2 Pet. iii. 4 ; Ps. cxxi. 4.
1 137. p263 h. circe wican .... horderwycan] Mr. Steven-
son's version of this passage was (substantially) right, but Mr. Thorpe
has involved it in obscurity again. Mr. Stevenson has it : " pri-
vileges, one for all the lands of the abbacy, and another for all the
lands which belonged to the sacrist ; and had he lived longer, he
intended having done the same for the treasurer." The grammatical
designation of wican is obscure, as there are no marks of gender,
and I do not know where we find the word in another inflection.
But as it ranges here with ( $ abbotrice,' it may be expected to
signify rather office than officer. These words circe wican and
horderwycan should be the offices of which we have the officers'
titles on page 260 h, 'circeweard and hordere/ churchwarden and
treasurer. And there is a passage in ^Elfric, Horn. ii. p 592 1, in
which wican is used of ecclesiastical offices in general : " Hu mseg
v$6e hu dear aenig laewede man him to geteon j>urh riccetere Cristes
wican ; i. e. How can or how dare any lay man appropriate to him-
self through the insolence of power the offices of Christ !" With this
slight modification of Mr. Stevenson's version, I would render :
privileges, one for all the lands of the abbacy, and another for the
lands that belong to the sacristy, and if his life were prolonged he
meant to do the same for the treasury.
1137. p 263 m. Nu we willen ssegen &c.] This story of S.
William of Norwich is a recurring one. S. Hugh of Lincoln, a saint
of the same strain, is thus apostrophised by Chaucer's Prioress in her
peroration :
O yonge Hughe of Lyncoln ; slayn also
With cursed Jewes as it is notable,
For it nys but a litel while ago
NOTES
371
The Tale of the Prioress is but a variation of this supposed Jewish
atrocity. S.William seems to have retained his celebrity down to
the time of the Reformation, at least in Norfolk. In Loddon church,
which is advanced perpendicular of about 1500, there is a painting
of his crucifixion on a panel of the rood-screen, still in fair pre-
servation. I am indebted to my friend the Rev. Greville J. Chester
for a copy of this relic.
These accusations against the Jews are not everywhere so obsolete
as in England. So recently as 1 840, the " Chamber of Deputies"
debated on an affair of this nature. The French consul at Damascus
brought a charge against the Jews there, that they had immolated
a. Christian monk for their passover. The Turkish authorities pro-
ceeded so severely against the Jews, that great indignation was
3 B 2
372 NOTES
excited at Paris against the consul. The government, however, sup-
ported their representative ; and the validity of the charge against
the Rabbins was stoutly maintained by M. Thiers in the Chamber
of Deputies.
1 138. A rhetorical monograph of this bat.tle of the Standard was
written by a cotemporary, Ethelred [a/. Ailred, Aldred] Abbot of
Rievaulx. It is printed in Twysden "X Scriptores" "de bello
inter regem Scotise et Barones Anglise apud Standardum juxta
Alvertonam." In this recital, (which is merely a Cistercian demon-
stration,) Willielmus comes Albemarum is overshadowed by the
hero of the piece Walterus Espec, the founder of Rievaulx Abbey,
where the Cistercians had their earliest foundation (1132) and
chief seat in England. A representation of "The Standard" is
given in Twysden, apparently from an ancient drawing.
1140. p264t. fordfeorde Will* serceb' of Cantwarb'] Mr.
Hartshorne has vindicated for Archbishop William de Corbeuil the
glory of being the builder of the celebrated " Gundulf's" Tower at
Rochester. Archaeological Journal, September 1863, p 210. He
quotes Gervase, ap. Decem Scriptores, p 1664, saying that "rex
Henricus dedit et confirmavit ecclesise Cantuariae et Willielmo archi-
episcopo Castellum quod est in civitate Roffensi, ubi idem archi-
episcopus turrim egregiam sedificavit." Strongly confirmed by
Florence, Cont. 1 1 26.
1154. 3 at Torn'] Cf. 1066, p 203 m, where we get some insight
how patronage accrued to Burh.
The magnificence of Peterborough Abbey gave occasion to the
proverb Orgoyl de Bourk'= Peterborough Pride, which is found
in a list of local characteristics current in the time of Edw. II ;
published by Mr. Nichols in Gent. Mag., January 1 862, p 64, from
MS. Douce 98.
GLOSSAKIAL INDEX
GLOSSARIAL INDEX
OF
EVERY FORM OF WORD IN ft AND E
DIRECTIONS
Words peculiar to 7C are distinguished by an *.
Words common to both Chronicles are in thick type.
Words undistinguished by either of these signs are peculiar to E.
Italics in head-words signify a state of transition, or other departure from the
normal type.
References are sometimes made by the number of the year, and sometimes by
the number of the page, so as to subdivide the text and reduce the extent of
the portions referred to. The Annal-figure is used for referring to a whole
Annal, only when the whole Annal is printed upon the same page. When
a page is turned in the course of an Annal, the after part of that Annal is
referred to by its pagination. Hence, the page-reference often applies only
to a small remnant of an Annal over the page. Thus "^238" refers only to
three lines on the top. Any figure referring to a whole page is followed
by one of the. five letters t, h, m, I, 6 = top, high, middle, low, bottom.
Where the modern equivalent is in Roman type, it indicates physical affinity
to the head- word.
Where a modern word is put in brackets, thus [drench], it signifies that it is
physically related to the head- word, but not its equivalent in meaning.
s. n. or n. abbreviation for " see note;" s.f. n. for " see foot-note."
EA. . . East Anglian
NH. . . Northumbrian
SS. . . South Saxon
WS. . . West Saxon
NL. . . Local Name
NLL. . . Name of Divers Places
NM. . . Man's Name
GLOSSARIAL INDEX
375
a. article = a, an, p26'2m.
&. always, aye, #13. 959, 999.
&&. id. pi.
ab' = abbot, 1154.
abad. abode, 1091, with gen. 1094.
abannan (tit), inf. call out, pi 40, pi 42.
abaed (aet Gode), prayed, #229.
absedon. pi. id. p$.
abb' = abbot, 989 & oft. [!O43-
Abbandune. Abingdon, IS* 1046, E
abbates. abbots, #250.
*abbod. abbot, 905, 963.
abbodas. ^221.
abbode. 1083.
*abbodesse. abbess, 680.
abbodrice. abbacy, 656, 1017.
abbot. ^9191. 1044.
abbotes. 675, 1075.
abbotrice. ^38. 1070.
abbotrices. 1127.
abboftessa. abbess, 680.
*abbud. 790, 803.
*abbudesse. abbess, 805.
abeah. submitted, 1013. #148.
abegdan. subdued, ^223.
abegdon. i$. pill.
abehofode. behoved, ^229.
abeodan (ut), inf. order out, 1091.
abidan. abide, >5.
abiddan. inf. of abaed, 626. (hit) 1043.
*abisgod. part, engaged, busied, ^92.
ablsende = ablende, ^214.
ablendan. inf. id. 993.
ablende. part. pi. blinded, pi^Q.
ablunnon. ceased, ^234.
Abon (aeldorman), ^33.
abrsecon. broke up, ffp9i, E86o.
*abrecan. inf.
abru'Son. failed, 1004, s. n. noi.
abufan. adv. above, supra, 1090.
abugan. inf. to abeah, ^148.
abugaft. they bow, 979.
abugon. pi. to abeah, submitted,
abutan. prp. about,
adv. p^i
abuten. id. 1135.
abuton. adv. p^it, prp. 1000.
ac. but, 1004.
Acca (Wilferftes preost), 710, 733.
*Sccan (sunu), gen. 905.
*!cemannes ceastre. Bath, 973.
*acenned. born, i.
acennednesse. birth, ^33,^123.
*acennesse. id. pi.
aceres. pi. ace. fields, ^259.
acersaed. seed for an acre? 11246.
Aclea. NLL. 782, S&ESsi.
acordad. part, reconciled, 1 1 20.
acordede, made terms, pi6i.
acordedan. 1120.
acsode. asked, 755.
acwanc. went out (of light), mo.
*acwaelon (hungre), perished, pi 04.
acwealde. quelled, killed, ^219.
^cwencen. inf. extinguish, 1122.
*acwolen (hungre) = starved, pgi.
a^e = hadde = haefde, had, 1138.
adilgian. inf. destroy, -979.
adiligode. devastated, 793. [685.
adon (of "Sam &c.), removed, put out of,
adraf. drave, drove out, 380, 1028.
adranc. was droivned, 933. ^156.
adrsefan. inf. drive out of country, 755.
adrsefde. pret. id. 3*755,
adrsefdon. pi. id. 878.
*adrsefed. part. id. #126.
adrefde. 617.
adrefdon. 874.
adrefed. 790.
adrefede. 755.
adrefedne. #35.
adrencte. pret. submerged,
adrencton. pi. id. 890 [drench].
adrengtpn. #225.
Adrianum (papan), 785.
*7Cdrianus (pap), 794.
adrifan = adrifon, ^223.
adrifen. part. 678.
adr if en = adrifon, 823.
*adrifenne. expulsum, 658.
*adrifon. expelled, drove out, 823.
adrincene. pi. part, drowned, \ 1 20.
adruncen. 853. ertruttfett.
adruncon. pi. of adranc, 794.
Aduent (the ist Sunday in), 963.
adyde (hi), "did for them," 1086.
adylege. 3^ imp. of adilgian, ^259.
adylige. id.=deleto,
*aer. before, ere, p^.
*afaran. sons, 937.
376
GLOSSAKIAL INDEX
afaren. gone, pi2$m.
afedan. feed, p2iSt.
*a:fene. the river Avon, pi 04.
afeoll. fell to the ground, p2^6t.
*afera. 942, sing. o/*afaran.
aferan. ace. sing. 975.
jSferede. 'afeard,' afraid, 1083.
aflemde ut. drove out, 1124 [Fleming].
aflemden. pi. 1124, put to flight.
*afliemdon. id. 797.
*afliemed. part. 836.
aflymda. p2ioh.
aflymde. 835.
aflymdon. pi 71.
aflymed. ^241.
aflymede. 1001.
*7Cfne. 652, s. Afene.
aforon. went, departed, 794.
*after (wudum), along by, 878.
afundan. discovered, 755.
afylde. slew, felled, 626.
afyllan. inf. 626.
*afylled. part, 
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