q3s'5 ^ a^Z
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume V — Number 1
FIRST QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1934
Issued by the
Division of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D.C.
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1934
ADVISORY
COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM CRIME RECORDS
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE
(n)
U. S. SUPEKlliiliVUuU OF 00CUNIINT8
MAY 1819M
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Division of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice,
Washington, D.C.
Volumes April 1934 Number 1
CONTENTS
Classification of offenses.
Extent of reporting area.
Monthly returns:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population.
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1934.
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1931-34.
Offenses known to the police— cities divided according to location.
Data for individual cities.
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police.
Offenses known in the possessions.
Number of police department employees.
Annual returns:
Offenses known and offenses cleared by arrest, 1933.
Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1933.
Persons released (not held for prosecution), 1933.
Percentage of offenses cleared by arrest, 1931-33.
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1934:
Sex distribution of persons arrested.
Age distribution of persons arrested.
Race distribution of persons arrested.
Percentage with previous fingerprint records.
Number with records showing previous convictions.
Classification of Offenses
The term "offenses known to the police" is designed to include
those crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification
occurring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known
to the police through reports of police officers, of citizens, of prosecut-
ing or court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the following
group of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience to' be
those most generally and completely reported to the police: Criminal
homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and
(6) manslaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated assault;
burglary — breaking or entering; larceny — theft; and auto theft. The
figures contained herein include also the number of attempted crimes
of the designated classes. Attempted murders, however, are re-
ported as aggravated assaults. In other words, an attempted
burglar}^ or robbery, for example, is reported in the bulletin in the
same manner as if the crime had been completed.
"Offenses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the police depart-
ments of contributing cities and not merely arrests or cleared cases.
(1)
Complaints which upon investigation are learned to be groundless
are not included in the tabulations which follow.
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in
each group, there follows a brief definition of each classification.
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter — includes
all felonious homicides except those caused by negligence. Does not include
attempts to kill, assaults to kill, justifiable homicides, suicides, or accidental
deatlis. (6) Manslaughter by negligence — includes only those cases in which
death is caused by culpable negligence which is so clearly evident that if the per-
son responsible for the death were apprehended he would be prosecuted for
manslaughter.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape, assault to rape, and attempted
rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as highway robbery, stick-ups, rob-
bery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shoot-
ing, cutting, stabbing, poisoning, scalding, or by use of acids; mayhem, maiming.
Does not include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or theft. Includes attempted
burglary and assault to commit a burglary. Burglary followed by a larceny is
entered here and is not counted again under larceny.
6. Larceny — theft {except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value. (6)
Under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, pocket-picking, purse-snatching, shop-
lifting, or any stealing of property or thing of value which is not taken by force
and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement, "con" games,
forgery, passing worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the so-called "joy-riding" thefts. Does not
include taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unau-
thorized use by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the Division of Investigation does not vouch for its accuracy. It is
given out as current information, which may throw some light on
problems of crime and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
Extent of Reporting Area
In the table which follows there is shown the number of police
departments from which one or more crime reports have been received
during the first 3 months of 1934. The data are presented for the
cities divided according to size. The population figures employed
are estimates as of July 1, 1932, by the Bureau of the Census for all
cities with population in excess of 10,000. No estimates were avail-
able, however, for those with a smaller number of inhabitants, and
accordingly for them the figures listed in the 1930 decennial census
were used.
The growth in the crime reporting area is evidenced by the follow-
ing figures for the first 3 months of 1932-34:
Yenr
Cities
Population
1932-
1,476
1..561
J. 593
49,368,23!
1933
53. 295, 620
1931
61, 715, 0.'9
The above comparison shows that during the first quarter of 1934
there was an increase of 32 cities as compared with the corresponding
period of 1933, the population represented by those cities being
8,419,459.
Population proup
Total
number
of cities
or towns
Cities filing returns
Total pop-
ulation
Population repre-
sented in returns
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total -
983
828
84
60,813,881
57, 347, 707
94
1. Cities over 250,000
2. Cities 100,000 to 250,000.
3 Cities 50,000 to 100,000
37
57
105
192
592
36
57
94
173
468
97
100
90
90
79
29. 955, 600
7,908,112
7, 092, 407
6, 695, 136
9,162,626
29, 672, 100
7,908,112
6,378,111
0,072,113
7, 317, 271
99
100
90
4. Cities 25,000 to 50,000
91
5. Cities 10,000 to 25.000..
80'
The above table does not indude 765 cities and rural townships aggregating a total population of 4,367,372.
The cities included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 population filing returns, whereas the rural
townships are of varying population groups.
MONTHLY RETURNS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population
In table 1 there is presented the number of know^n offenses recorded
by the police departments in 1,382 cities with an aggregate popula-
tion of 57,844,446. The figures are also presented for the cities
divided into six groups according to size.
The compilation shows that in general cities with over 100,000
inhabitants report liigher crime rates than the smaller communities.
Examination of the compilation discloses, however, that there are
some exceptions to that general tendency.
There is considerable variation in the crime rates for the six groups
of cities, the amount of the variation differing with the offense. With
the exception of manslaughter by neghgence, the largest amount of
variation in the figures occurs in the data pertaining to robbery and
auto theft, whereas the smallest amount of difference in the crime
rates is found in the figures for murder and nonnegligent manslaughter.
Seventy-nine of the cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants
reported offenses of larceny — theft separated according to the value of
the object stolen. In the compilation below there appear figures for
that type of offense separated according to the value of the article
involved.
Larceny— theft
Population group
$50 and over
in value
Under .$50 in
value
28 cities over 250,000: total population, 19,176,900:
Number of offenses known
5.171
27.0
1,061
23. 5
30 958
Rate per 100,000
51 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total population, 7,071,712:
Number of offenses known
13 165
186.2
It will be observed from the above compilation that the larger
cities report a sUghtly liigher rate for major larcenies but the opposite
is true with reference to minor offenses of that type.
Table 1. — Offenses known to the police, January to March, inclusive, 1934; number
and rates per 100,000 by population groups
[Population as estimated July
2, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
GROUP I
36 cities over 250,000; total populati
29,672,100:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP II
52 cities, 100.000 to 250,000; total popula-
tion, 7,195,512:
Number of offenses known . .
Rate per 100,000
GROUP in
79 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total popula-
tion, 5,408,343:
Number of offenses known.
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
149 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total popula
tion, 5,214,000:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V
419 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total popula-
tion, 6,555,335:
Number of offenses known _
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
647 cities under 10,000; total population,
3,799,156:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Total 1,382 cities; total popula-
tion, 57,844,446:
Number of offenses known..
Rate per 100,000...
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
Rob-
bery
1,244
17.3
3.061
10.3
706
13.1
562
10.8
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
25,723
86.7
4,024
77.2
2,009
52.9
47, 948
82.9
Lar-
ceny-
theft
10, 591
195.8
8.723
133.1
4,060
19,529
87.0
5,929
82.4
3,167
58.6
2,319
35.4
• The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 35 cities with a
total population of 28,287,100.
2 The number of offenses and rate for larceny — theft are based on reports of 34 cities with a total population
of 22,153,100.
3 The number of offenses and rate for auto theft are based on reports of 35 cities with a total population of
22,454,000.
* The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 1,381 cities with
a total population of 56,459,446.
» The number of offenses and rate for larceny— theft are based on reports of 1,380 cities with a total popula-
tion of 50,325,446.
« The number of offenses and rate for auto theft are based on reports of 1,381 cities with a total population
of 50,626,346.
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1934
Table 2 shows the daily average number of offenses reported during
the first 3 months of 1934 by the same 1,382 cities whose reports are
included in table 1. The averages show an increase for murder and
aggravated assault but for the remaining offenses there is a decrease,
although the decrease for robbery is rather slight.
With the exception of the figures for murder and manslaughter,
the average number of ofl'enses reported for February is lower than
for either of the other 2 months.
Table 2. — Daily average, offenses known to the -police, January to March, inclusive,
1934; 1,382 miscellaneous cities
[Total population, 57,844,446, as estimated July 1, 1932, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breakmg
or enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Month
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Auto
theft
ai
10.1
10.5
1 10.6
9.2
8.8
10.1
8.7
9.8
141.0
137.4
139.5
66.0
63.1
71.6
556.3
509.5
530.2
2 1, 024. 3
934.3
1, 017. 6
3 407. 9
Februarv
350.1
March "
392.6
Total
9.8
9.5
9.6
139.4
67.0
532.8
994.0
384.7
' The daUy averages for manslaughter bv negligence are based on reports of 1,381 cities with a total
population of 56,459,440.
2 The daily averages for larceny— theft are based on reports of 1,380 cities with a total population of
50,325,446.
2 The daily averages for auto theft are based on reports of 1,381 cities with a total population of 50,626,346.
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1931-34
In order to make comparisons with previous years there is presented
in the following table the number of offenses reported for the first 3
months of 1931 to 1934 by the police departments in 70 cities with an
aggregate population of 19,311,002. The data are also presented in
the form of daily averages. The compilation discloses that the
number of murders reported was lower in the first three months of
1934 than during the corresponding period of any of the previous
years included in the table. Similarly the figures for robbery and
auto theft showed a substantial reduction while the figures for aggra-
vated assaults w^ere only slightly lower than for 1933. The number
of burglaries reported was lower than last year but higher than the
preceding 2 years. The number of larcenies showed a slight increase
over 1933.
Compared with 1933 robberies showed a 21 percent decrease and
auto thefts an 18 percent decrease. If compared with the figures
for 1931 the percentages of decrease would be substantially larger.
Compared with the corresponding period of 1933 the number of
murders reported during the first quarter of 1934 showed a decrease
of 41 (10.8 percent).
Table 3. — Daily average, offenses known to the -police, 70 cities over 100,000,
January to March, inclusive, 1931-34
[Total population, 19,311,002, as estimated July 1, 1932, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Year
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Number of offenses known:
1931
362
358
339
4.0
3.9
4.2
3.8
363
306
255
338
4.0
3.4
2.8
3.8
295
304
305
304
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
5,726
5.074
4,925
3, 913
63.6
55.8
54.7
43.5
2,244
1,931
2|l58
24.9
21.2
25.4
24.0
17, 571
19, 024
19, 437
19, 108
195.2
209.1
216.0
212.3
36, 129
36, 121
38, 004
38, 236
401.4
396.9
422.3
424.8
21 932
1932
18, 680
1933
1934. .
13,868
243 7
Daily average:
1931
1932
204.2
1933
1934
154 1
Offenses Known to the Police—Cities Divided According to Location
In table 4, there is shown the number of cities in each State, the
reports of which were employed in determining the crime rates listed
in table 5. The figures in table 4 are divided into six groups according
to size of city. Such information is presented in the bulletin in order
to provide a suitable basis for properly evaluating the data presented
in table 5. In some instances the crime rates for individual States are
based on a very limited number of reports and such data should be used
with caution, particularly for comparative purposes. Obviously,
crime rates based on the reports of 2 or 3 communities may differ
considerably from the rates which would be obtained if based on
data for the entire State. Furthermore, in comparing crime rates
for two or more States, consideration should be given to the compo-
sition of the population of the State with reference to the number of
large cities included. This is of significance in view of the fact that
table 1 indicates that as a general rule cities with population in excess
of 100,000 have higher crime rates than the smaller communities.
Table 5 discloses that the East South Central States have the highest
rates for murder and aggravated assault. The New England States
report the lowest figures for those offenses.
For robbery, the highest rates are reported by the East South Cen-
tral and East North Central groups, and the lowest figures by the
Middle Atlantic and New England States. The tabulation shows the
highest number of burglaries in the Pacific States, with the lowest
figure being reported by the Middle Atlantic group, which also reports
the lowest figures for larceny — theft and auto theft. The highest
figures for larceny — theft are reported by the Pacific and West South
Central States, and the highest rates for auto theft by the Mountain
and Pacific divisions.
Table 4. — Number of cities in each State included in the tabulation of uniform crime
reports, January to March, inclusive, 1934
Population
Division ;\nd' State
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
Total
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England: 155 cities; total population,
5 505 244
2
7
9
4
2
3
3
1
5
12
8
9
4
6
3
5
4
10
18
23
6
8
5
1
6
1
25
25
46
11
12
5
10
5
10
1
1
1
10
5
7
8
9
8
15
7
9
7
8
53
124
97
46
24
12
20
7
36
6
4
1
34
1
7
42
30
52
28
12
24
22
11
10
8
7
3
5
5
8
53
175
177
69
36
8
29
29
71
9
1
8
23
4
8
74
63
38
48
12
27
77
13
23
9
11
3
2
13
1
io'
5
5
155
Middle Atlantic: 357 cities; total population,
17.777,793
357
East North Central: 361 cities; total popula-
tion 15 391 183
361
West North Central: 140 cities; total popula-
tion, 4,369,389
South Atlantic: • 88 cities; total population,
3,652,301 .
140
East South Central: 33 cities; total population,
1,777,316
33
West South Central: 72 cities; total population,
3,096.650
Mountain: 44 cities; total population, 937,301..
Pacific: 132 cities; total population, 5,337,269..
New England:
Maine
72
44
132
17
New Hampshire
7
10
Massachusetts
1
1
8
..
4
1
3
3
3
1
2
6
1
1
5
4
9
3
2
7
8
3
82
12
Connecticut.. .
27
Middle Atlantic:
New York..
3
2
5
1
1
1
1
2
136
109
Pennsylvania
112
East North Central:
Ohio
102
Indiana
37
Illinois
69
117
36
West North Central:
Minnesota
36
3
2
6
2
i'
27
Missouri
2
24
North Dakota
7
8
Nebraska
1
14
Kansas
1
24
South Atlantic:
Delaware
2
1
2
4
2
2
2
5
3
7
5
Virginia
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
22
West Virginia
12
16
Georgia
1
1
3
4
3
3
1
1
7
2
2
9
' i'
1
4
5
10
3
3
2
1
2
14
12
3
4
1
10
1
2
6
3
7
61
12
3
17
East South Central:
Kentucky
1
1
1
11
Tennessee
8
1
1
1
1
2
2
5
2
6
Mississippi
8
West South Central:
1
5
1
7
Oklahoma
2
3
..
25
Texas
2
35
Mountain:
5
Idaho
5
Wyoming
2
1
1
1
1
17
2
Arizona
2
Utah
1
1
i"
8
4
24
8
Nevada
3
Pacific:
Washington
1
1
3
2
2
1
7
16
13
2
6
103
Includes District of Columbia.
56259—34 2
Table 5. — Rate per 100,000, offenses known to the police, January to March,
inclusive, 1934
Division and State
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England
Middle Atlantic i
East North Central 2
West North Central
South Atlantic ^
East South Central
West South Central
Mountain
Pacific <
New England:
Maine
/New Hampshire
•■ Vermont
Massachusetts
Jlhode Island
■' Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
New York5_
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
East North Central:
Ohio 8
Indiana
Illinois.
Jdichigan
''^Wisconsin
West North Central:
Minnesota
I*fra
^Missouri.
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
itansas
South Atlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina.
Georgia
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky
see
la
ippi...c
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas..
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington
Oregon
California '
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man
slaughter
by negl
Rape
Rob-
bery
7.6
7.4
39.3
24.7
23.3
38.5
19.9
29.1
4.3
11.5
11.8
20.5
20.9
iiis
3.1
30.5
16.4
26.2
6.3
25.8
9.5
29.2
6.4
22.1
17.2
23.8
16.3
16.1
20.3
32.3
40.8
47.5
28.2
14.9
31.3
13.5
21.7
20.4
12.5
13.3
0
40.3
11.9
7.1
25.6
11.7
Aggra-
vated
assault
3.1
7.8
9.0
4.7
33.2
42.6
15.9
4.9
7.3
11.9
7.1
9.0
10.8
12.1
7.1
1.3
2.1
4.1
6.1
0
1.8
7.0
7.8
11.0
2.3
61.5
15.3
102.8
28.9
32.6
40.8
37.7
52.7
30.7
45.5
19.0
7.2
9.7
20.7
3.4
5.7
0
5.7
3.0
21.4
2.8
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
63.3
38.0
71.6
112.6
157.5
124.8
154.2
160.3
41.9
36.4
17.0
69.1
42,4
45.3
80.2
85.2
140.8
0I.2
33.7
72.6
85.6
57.0
86.7
78.2
45.6
105.3
65.1
152! 2
70.7
94.8
89.9
102.6
176.1
182. 1
137.7
167.5
121.1
58.4
142.2
141.3
42.0
49.2
54.0
195.6
122.1
163.9
153.1
140.5
224.9
223.2
Lar-
ceny-
theft
112.5
71.2
172.5
170.3
232.1
204.5
312.5
54.6
57.9
38.9
118.3
112.4
123.9
94.3
78.2
52.9
204.4
196.7
120.7
213.0
143.5
91.9
141.7
249.9
273.0
140.2
100.2
327.9
151.7
194.4
636.0
324.0
304.7
297.4
167.4
142.3
199.9
269.4
84.7
293.2
398.6
323.7
155.2
92.6
322.9
401.9
349.3
265. 7
354.8
411.9
317.2
» The rates for larceny— theft and auto theft are based on reports of 356 cities with a total population of
10,559,693.
2 The rate for larceny— theft is based on reports of 360 cities with a total population of 15,090,283.
■" Include? report of District of Columbia.
* The rate for manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 131 cities with a total population of
3,952,269.
' The rates for larceny— theft and auto theft are based on reports of 135 cities.
« The rate for larceny— theft is based on reports of 101 cities.
' The rate for manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 102 cities.
Data for Individual Cities
In accordance with the recommendation of the Committee on
Uniform Crime Records of the International Association of Chiefs
of PoHce, the Di\ision of Investigation is resuming with this issue
of the bulletin, the publication of data for individual cities with
population in excess of 100,000.
As might reasonably be expected, there is considerable variance
in the crime rates for individual offenses reported by the several
cities. Such variance in the data reported may be due to several
factors, which should be given consideration when using the data for
comparative purposes. One of these is difference in the composition
of the population, since individual cities differ considerably in the
proportion of Negroes and foreign-born whites included. Likewise,
in the cities, there may be considerable variation in the proportion
of the population under 15 years of age. These factors are of
significance since data compiled by the Division of Investigation
indicate that in proportion to the number of such individuals in the
general population of the country, the number of Negroes arrested
is much larger than the number of whites. Furthermore, if in one
city the proportion of individuals less than 15 years of age were
unusually low, the crime rate for that city would be decreased in
comparison with the rate for a city having an unusually high pro-
portion of individuals less than 15 years of age, if such individuals
were eliminated when calculating crime rates for those cities. How-
ever, in determining the crime rates presented below^ the population
figures given in the 1930 decennial census have been employed.
Other factors which may cause variation in crime rates are differ-
ences in the economic activities of the cities and in the recreational
and educational facilities provided. Also in the preparation of
reports there may be unintentional deviations from the procedure
specified in the Manual, Uniform Crime Reporting. Furthermore,
in some cities, there may be no arrangement to obtain complaints of
offenses which are received by other authorities than the police (such
as the prosecuting attorney, the sheriff. State poUce, or other officials
having concurrent jurisdiction with the local police department).
In addition, due to a misunderstanding, criminal attempts may not
be included, and there may be a failure to include larceny of objects
of trivial value. However, copies of the manual, outlining in detail
the procedure to be followed, have been furnished to all contributors
of uniform crime reports and wherever there is reason to suspect
from examination of the reports that the uniform procedure has not
been employed, the matter is taken up with the police department
involved.
In instances of figures which show an extreme deviation from the
general trend for a given offense, it should be considered as possible
that there is some substantial variation from the uniform procedure
for scoring of offenses as outlined in the manual.
The tabulation of crime rates for individual cities should not, in
the opinion of the Division of Investigation, be used to discredit or
to glorify individual police departments. They should serve as a
source of information regarding crime conditions in individual cities
which would other\^ise be more or less unavailable to interested
individuals. A commendable situation or, on the other hand, a bad
situation with reference to crime is not due entirely to the activity
10
■or lack thereof of the police. The crime problem is a community
problem, many-sided in nature, and its successful solution demands
the cooperation of local civic organizations with the police. It is
believed that the following compilation may help to raise questions
which will lead to further study of crime problems in individual
cities which will indicate desirable remedial action.
Table 6. — Offenses known to the police Jan. l~Mar. 31, 1934; rale per 100,000
inhabitants
[Population figures from Federal census, Apr. 1, 1930]
Criminal homi-
Larceny—
cide
theft
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
ingor
entering
City and population
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
Man-
Slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Over
$50
Under
$50
Auto
theft
slaugh-
ter
Akron, Ohio, 255,040
2.0
0.4
2.0
22.0
21.6
86.3
38.4
124.7
55.7
Albany, N.Y., 127,412
.8
0
1.6
7.1
9.4
78.5
25.9
76.1
93.4
Baltimore, Md., 804,874
1.2
.4
1.5
24.5
1.6
76.9
17.0
79.4
71.9
Birmingham, Ala., 2.59,678. _..
11.2
3.5
0
28.1
29.7
203.7
31.2
80.1
no. 9
Boston, Mass., 781,188
.6
3.1
2.3
24.4
5.6
86.3
62.0
144.8
120.6
Bridgeport, Conn., 146,716..-.
0
0
13.6
0
109.7
10.9
115.9
81.8
Buffalo, N.Y., 573,076
o'
1.6
2.6
7.5
20.4
42.1
12.0
67.5
41.9
Cambridge, Mass, 113,643
0
2.6
5.3
8.8
3.5
62.5
12.3
73.0
64.2
Canton, Ohio, 104,906
0
0
0
5.7
4.8
158.2
37.2
132.5
98.2
Chattanooga, Tenn., 119,798..
3.3
.8
0
43.4
7.5
168.6
28.4
373.1
72.6
Chicago, 111., 3,376,438
2.2
1.5
1.5
123.1
14.9
183.5
26.9
104.3
124.3
Cincinnati, Ohio, 451,160
3.8
1.6
1.8
16.8
17.7
65.8
28.1
184.2
64.7
Cleveland, Ohio, 900,429
1.1
1.7
.3
34.9
4.3
87.1
8.3
320.4
73.0
Columbus, Ohio. 290,564
1.4
0
1.4
37.5
14.1
172.8
26.5
234.7
73.3
Dallas, Tex., 260,475
7.7
3.1
.8
22.3
36.9
153.9
20.3
587.4
142.4
Dayton, Ohio, 200,982
4.0
.5
.5
15.4
25.4
46.3
6.5
239.3
Denver, Colo., 287,861
.7
2.8
.7
61.5
2.4
257.1
(')
314.0
160;i
Des Moines, Iowa, 142,559....
2.8
0
0
23.8
2.1
105.2
7.7
276.4
134.7
Detroit, Mich., 1,568,662
1.9
2.4
17.6
10.3
50.2
11.7
291.8
52.3
Duluth, Minn., 101,463
o'
0
0
7.9
0
70.0
24.6
199.1
64.1
Elizabeth, N.J., 114,589
.9
2.6
.9
7.9
7.0
115.2
15.7
104.7
41.0
El Paso, Tex., 102,421
5.9
0
2.9
22.5
20.5
84.9
17.6
149.4
49.8
Erie, Pa., 115,967
0
0
0
12.9
0
151.8
15.5
68.1
56.1
Evansville, Ind., 102,249
2.0
0
1.0
20.5
3.9
67.5
9.8
212.2
114.4
Fall River, Mass., 115,274
.9
0
3.5
2.6
1.7
72.0
6.9
37.3
51.2
Flint, Mich., 156,492
0
.6
1.9
4.5
19.8
67.1
17.9
260.7
101.0
Fort Wayne, Ind., 114,946
.9
0
0
12.2
.9
47.0
14.8
201.0
55.7
Fort Worth, Tex., 163,447
5.5
.6
0
31.8
3.7
195.2
14.1
490.1
146.2
Gary, Ind., 100,426
7.0
1.0
2.0
31.9
11.0
70.7
8.0
60.7
45.8
Grand Rapids, Mich., 168,592.
0
0
1.8
3.0
1.2
73.0
6.5
211.8
49.8
Hartford, Conn., 164,072
0
0
0
13.4
7.3
77.4
30.5
208.4
59.1
Houston, Tex., 292,352..
4.4
2.4
4.1
38.0
18.1
251.8
56.8
488.1
171.4
Indianapolis, Ind., 364,161
3.0
.5
.5
34.9
11.8
156. 8
117.5
267.5
132.9
Jacksonville, Fla., 129,549
5.4
4.6
0
70.2
38.6
157.5
84.9
461.6
122.0
Jersey City, N.J., 316,715
1.3
2.2
.6
3.5
17.7
27.2
2.5
12.9
22.4
Kansas City, Kans., 121,857..
4.1
0
2.5
82.9
9.8
189.6
(')
208.4
9.5.2
Kansas City, Mo., 399,746
6.3
7.8
.8
21.5
.8
25.5
20.5
25.0
30.8
Knoxville, Tenn., 105,802
4.7
1.9
2.8
9.5
19.8
141.8
25.5
42.5
75.6
Long Beach, Calif.. 142,032...
0
2.1
0
30.3
9.9
298.5
45.8
368.2
158.4
I.0S Angeles, Calif., 1,238,048..
1.2
(2)
4.4
40.1
10.0
180.7
64.7
286.3
136. n
Louisville, Ky., 307,745
2.6
0
.3
43.9
35.1
255.7
46.1
285. 3
81.6
Lowell, Mass., 100,234
1.0
0
3.0
8.0
1.0
50.9
8.0
52.9
24.9
Lynn, Mass., 102,320 ..
1.0
9.1
0
1.6
0
2.8
10.8
68.3
1.0
99.2
94.8
152.9
27.4
195. 5
90.5
101.6
Memphis, Tenn., 253,143
45.4
Miami, Fla., 110,637
4.5
.9
1.8
38.0
96.7
294.7
68.7
51.5
132.9
Milwaukee, Wis., 578,249
0
1.4
3.6
1.0
35.6
16.6
170.7
33.9
Minneapolis, Minn., 464,356..
^9
0
.4
46.7
2.6
83.6
9.3
17.4
184.6
Kashville, Tenn., 153,866
5.8
4.5
1.3
59.1
53.3
120.9
47.4
174.8
109.8
•JNewark, N.J., 442,337
1.1
3.2
.7
30.5
23.1
230.4
(')
156.0
128.6
New Bedford, Mass , 112,597..
0
0
5.3
3.6
1.8
94.1
13.3
175.0
51.5
New Haven, Conn., 162,655...
.6
0
.6
8.6
1.2
78.7
23.4
150.0
97.8
New Orleans, La., 458,762
4.4
0
1.1
13.1
2.8
49.5
(')
52.3
51.7
New York, N.Y.. 6,930,446....
1.1
3.1
2.2
4.3
7.5
12.0
(2)
(2)
(0
Norfolk, Va., 129.710
9.3
5.4
1.5
17.7
70.9
320.7
9.3
372.4
57.x
Oakland, Calif., 284,063
.4
1.8
22.5
6.0
134.5
21.5
401.3
115.1
Oklahoma City, Okla., 185,389.
1.1
o'
0
25.9
5.4
69.6
75.0
142.4
74.4
Peoria, 111., 104,969
1.0
0
0
7.6
0
6.7
12.4
46.7
65.7
• Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies
^ Not reported.
n
Table G. — Offenses known to the police Jan. 1-Mar
inh abitants — Continued
SI, 19S4; rate per 100,000
City and population
Philadelphia, Pa., 1,950,961... 1. 1
Pittsburgh, Pa., 669,817 1.3
Portland, Oreg., 301,815 . 7
Providence, R.I., 252,981..
Reading, Pa., 111.171
Richmond, Va., 182,929....
Rochester, N.Y., 328,132 . 3
St. Louis, Mo., 821,960 2.6
St. Paul, Minn., 271,606
Salt Lake Citv, Utah, 140,267
San Antonio, Tex., 231,542...
San Diego, Calif., 147,995
San Francisco, Calif., 634,394
Scranton, Pa., 143,433 .7
Seattle, Wash., 365,583
Somerville, Mass., 103,908 1. 0
Spokane, Wash., 115,514...
Springfield, Mass., 149.900 i 0
Syracuse, N.Y., 209,326 .5
Tacoma, Wash., 106,817 - .9
Tampa, Fla., 101,161 2.0
Toledo, Ohio, 290,718 ..! • 1.4
Tulsa, Okla., 141,258 j 4.2
Utica. N.Y., 101,740 i 0
Washington, D.C., 486,869.. __j 2. 1
Waterburv, Conn, .3 99,902... 0
Wichita, Kans. 111,110.. i .9
Wilmington, Del., 106,597 : 1.9
Worcester, Mass., 195,311 | .5
Yonkers, N.Y., 134,646 .7
Youngstown, Ohio, 170,002... 2.4
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rob-
bery
8.3
35.1
51.4
24.2
25.0
23.6
11.2
13.9
45.1
4.8
18.2
.7
7.6
15.0
24.1
11.8
1.0
3.0
17.1
Bur-
vated ' fpreak-
assault 1 entering
10.0
2.2
2.1
33.7
4.1
12.6
6.3
1.4
1.0
25.1
2.7
2.9
.9
21.7
5.8
19.1
2.9
10.7
1.0
9.0
10.3
0
13.4
12.4
42.3
47.3
282.3
53.4
52.2
180.9
64.9
57.3
105.3
171.1
158.1
120'. 9
70.4
268.6
72.2
299.5
97! 5
232.2
111.7
100.8
285.3
80.6
129.2
62.1
70.2
65.7
93.7
29.0
72.4
Larceny-
theft
Over
$50
10.9
26.4
58.0
9.5
17.1
62.3
9.1
(')
9.9
7.1
64.4
20.9
(')
7.0
44.6
6.7
83.1
14.7
10.5
9.4
8.9
27.2
14' 7
49.7
17.0
15.3
15.9
20.0
4.5
6.5
Under
$50
29.1
41.5
408.9
100.4
91.8
374.5
100.6
238.7
162.0
181.8
270.4
227.0
303.1
60.7
247.3
123.4
147.6
247.2
217.5
(0
347.6
136.6
219.2
457 2
125.7
26.6
26.0
133.5
33. 5
99.0
87.5
8.3
51.3
80.4
109. 0
168.3
236.7
130.4
138.4
35.6
143.6
65.4
122.1
43.4,
74. 0-
113.3
86. &
96.3
81.4
142.7
90.1
36.9
41. St
91.1
11.1
55. »
' Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
2 Not reported.
3 The population of Waterbury as estimated July 1, 1930, by the Bureau ot the Census was 100,100.
Offenses Known to Sheriffs and State Police, 1934
No attempt has been made to determine crime rates for rural areas
of the United States, due to the fact that it has been impossible to
ascertain the population represented by the reports received from
sheriffs and State police organizations. As of general interest, how-
ever, there is presented below a tabulation showing the number of
offenses reported during the first 3 months of 1934 by 34 sheriffs and
6 State police troops.
Monthly reports are received from a much larger number of law
enforcement agencies policing rural territory. However, there is pre-
sented in table 7 the number of offenses reported by those agencies
which have submitted a complete set of reports for the first quarter
of the year and whose reports apparently are prepared in accordance
with the procedure outlined in the Manual, Uniform Crime Reporting,
and are limited to rural areas.
It should be noted that the data presented below represent only a
very small portion of the rural territory in the United States..
12
Table 7. — Offenses known, January to March 1934, inclusive, as reported hy S4
sheriffs and 6 State police troops
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
breakmg
or enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Auto
theft
13
13
21
48
65
512
974
Offenses Known in Possessions of the United States
In table 8 there is presented available information regarding the
number of offenses known to the police in Hawaii County, Territory
of Hawaii; the Canal Zone, and Puerto Rico. The figures presented
include offenses in both urban and rural areas of the territories speci-
fied. The population area represented in each case is indicated in the
table.
Table 8. — Offenses known in United States possessions, January to March 1934;
number and rate per 100,000
(Population figures from Federal Census Apr. 1, 1930]
Criminal homi-
cide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
ing or
entering
Larceny-
theft
Jurisdiction reporting
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Over
$50
Under
$50
Auto
theft
Hawaii:
Hawaii County, popula-
tion 73,325; number of
1
1.4
19
9
12.3
22
55.7
205
13.3
1
1.4
4
10.1
26
1.7
48
65.5
53
134.3
44.6
Rate per 100,000
8 2
Isthmus of Panama:
Canal Zone, population
39.467; number of of-
fenses known
1
2.5
54
3.5
1
2.5
1.4
1
2.5
15
1.0
3
7.6
410
26.6
9
Rate per 100,000
Puerto Rico:
Population 1,543,913;
number of offenses
Number of Police Department Employees, 1933
For the benefit of individuals interested in a study of data pertain-
ing to police personnel there is presented in table 9 a compilation
showing the average number of police employees during 1933. The
figures are also expressed as the number per 1,000 inhabitants and
are limited to cities with population in excess of 100,000. It is sug-
gested that a study of the data presented herewith in connection
with the data presented in table 6 may disclose a definite relationship
between the number of police employees per 1,000 inhabitants and
the size of the crime rate in the cities represented.
13
The data presented below were in practically all instances obtained
from the monthly crime reports received during 1933. It should be
observed that they include civilian employees.
Table 9. — Ahimber of police depart/iient employees, 1933
City
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
City
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
Akron, Ohio
189
363
'228
2,414
277
'244
214
76
103
6,512
614
1,556
330
246
206
395
147
3,798
131
204
84
124
147
197
139
127
204
133
254
432
320
533
178
1,075
124
597
130
195
2,646
474
180
175
249
167
1,149
0.7
2.8
2.4
.9
3.1
1.9
2.2
2.1
1.8
!9
1.9
1.4
1.7
1.1
.9
1.0
1.4
1.0
2.4
1.3
1.8
.8
1.1
1.4
1.7
.9
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
2,6
1.1
1.4
3.4
1.0
1.5
1.2
1.4
1^5
1.8
LO
1.5
2.0
498
200
1,354
230
423
854
19,611
256
370
212
234
281
114
5,228
1,099
442
550
155
284
470
2,273
356
158
218
214
1,366
171
660
154
99
131
322
385
115
123
440
246
159
164
1,404
188
101
150
400
310
170
I I
Albany, N.Y
Baltimore, Md
Newark, N J
3 1
Birmingham, Ala
New Bedford Mass
2 0
Bridgeport, Conn
New Orleans, La
1 9
Buffalo, N.Y._
New York, N.Y
Norfolk, Va . .
Camden, N J
Oakland, Calif
1 3
Chattanooga, Tenn
Omaha, Nebr
1 1
Chicago, 111
Paterson, N J
2 0
Peoria, 111
Philadelphia, Pa ..
Columbus, Ohio
Pittsburgh, Pa
1 6
Dallas, Tex
Davton, Ohio
Providence, R.I
Reading, Pa
2 2
Denver, Colo
1 4
Detroit, Mich
Rochester, N.Y
1 4
Duluth, Minn
St. Louis, Mo
2 8
Elizabeth, N.J....
1.3
El Paso, Tex
Salt Lake City, Utah
1. 1
Erie, Pa
.9
1.4
Fall River, Mass
San Francisco, Calif
2.2
Flint, Mich
1.2
Seattle, Wash
1.8
Fort Worth, Tex
Somerville, Mas«!
1.5
South Bend, Ind.
1.0
Hartford, Conn
Springfield, Mass
2 1
Syracuse, N.Y.
1.8
Jacksonville Fla
Tampa, Fla
1.2
Jersey City, N.J
Kansas Citv, Kans
Trjledo Ohio
1 5
Trenton, N.J
Tulsa, Okla
Utica, N Y
2.0
Kansas Citv, Mo
1. 1
Knosville Tenn
1 6
2.9
Los Angeles, Calif
Waterbury, Conn
1.9
.9
1.4
Lynn, Mass
Worcester, Mass
2.0
Yonkers, N.Y
2.3
Miami, Fla
1.0
Milwaukee, Wis
ANNUAL FETURNS, 1933
The system of uniform crime reporting provides for annual reports
of offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest, the number of persons
held for prosecution, and the number of persons arrested but released
without being formally charged with the commission of an offense.
In the following pages there are presented data compiled from annual
reports for 1933 received from police departments throughout the
country.
Under the system of uniform crime reporting an offense is treated
as cleared by arrest when the offender is apprehended and held or
turned over for prosecution. The data pertaining to the number of
cleared cases include certain exceptional clearances, such as instances
where the offender commits suicide or is not available for prosecution,
due to the fact that he is already incarcerated for some other offense.
14
Examination of the reports disclosed in some instances that the
number of offenses Hsted as cleared by arrest was identical with the
number of persons listed as held for prosecution, indicating a failure
to distinguish between those two types of data. Obviously the two
sets of figures need not be the same, since the arrest of two or more
individuals jointly involved in the commission of a single offense
would clear only one crime, wliile the arrest of one individual who had
committed several offenses would clear several crimes.
It appeared in other instances that the number of offenses of auto
theft listed as cleared by arrest was unusually large, indicating that
the figure possibly represented stolen automobiles recovered rather
than the number of offenses cleared by the arrest of the offender. In
still other cases it was observed that for a given offense the number of
cleared cases was high in comparison with the number of persons
listed as held for prosecution, whereas in some instances the opposite
set of facts was observed.
In all instances where there were any of the above indications that
the reports had not been prepared in accordance with the procedure
outlined in the Manual, Uniform Crime Reporting, an attempt was
made to ascertain definitely whether the report had been prepared
in accordance with uniform practice. When it was learned that the
reports were not uniformly prepared, or wdien it appeared liighly
probable that such was the case, the reports were not included in the
compilation of data appearing in the tables presented m the following
pages.
With reference to the compilation of data pertaining to persons
arrested by the police but released without being held for prosecution
it should be pointed out that the figures reported should not include
individuals arrested and turned over to other authorities. In some
instances, it has been ascertained that such cases have been included
in the figures listed on the report forwarded to the Division of Inves-
tigation. It is, of course, possible that some such cases have been
listed without the fact being Icnown to the Division, and it is therefore
possible that the figures are to some extent inflated due to the inclusion
of such items.
If entries pertaining to individuals released without being formally
charged were limited to the classifications relating to violations of
parking, road and driving, and other motor vehicle and traffic regula-
tions, such reports from cities with population in excess of 10,000
were not employed in the tabulation of data regarding persons
released, it being assumed that the reports were probably incomplete
in that respect.
In July 1933 contributors of uniform crime reports were furnished
with copies of the annual returns wliich indicated that on the report
of persons held for prosecution and of persons released, the following
new classifications had been added:
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing (formerly included
in All other offenses).
Prostitution and commercialized vice (formerly included in Sex
offenses).
Violation of road and driving laws (formerly included in Traffic
and motor vehicle laws).
Parking violations (formerly included in Traffic and motor vehicle
laws).
15
Disorderly conduct; drunkenness; vagrancy (these classifications
are now listed separately on the report, whereas formerly they were
listed as Disorder^ conduct and vagrancy and Drunkenness).
In a few instances the I'eporting cities submitted figures in accord-
ance ^^'ith the old classification. In such cases these unclassified
figures were divided among the new subclassifications in the ratio in
which such data were reported by other cities in the sane population
group.
Offenses Known and Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1933
In table 10 there is shown the number of known offenses reported
for 1933 by the police departments in 762 cities with an aggregate
population of 30,288,970. There is also indicated the number of
those offenses which were cleared by arrest during the year. It should
be observed that in a few instances the figures are based on the reports
of a smaller number of cities as indicated by the footnotes to the table.
Examination of the compilation reveals that the proportion of
oft'enses against the person which were cleared by arrest is consider-
ably larger than that for offenses against property. The tabulation
indicates further that in general cities with population in excess of
100,000 have a lower percentage of clearances than cities with a lesser
number of inhabitants.
During 1933 some offenses were cleared by the arrest of the offender
which were committed in a previous year and which in the report for
that year had been listed as not cleared. The number of such in-
stances is indicated in table 10-A.
In table 11 there appears a compilation showing the relationship
between the number of known offenses, the number cleared by arrest,
and the number of persons held for prosecution for those offenses.
In examining that compilation it should be kept in mind that the
figures representing offenses cleared by arrest include all offenses
cleared during the calendar year 1933, irrespective of when they were
committed. In other words, table 11 includes the offenses listed as
cleared by arrest in both table 10 and table 10-A.
The compilation discloses that for all oft'ense classes except burglary,
larceny, and auto theft, the number of persons charged exceeded the
number of offenses cleared by arrest. The figures for individual
population groups disclose, however, certain variations from this
general relationship.
Table 11 should be interpreted in the following manner: With
reference to group I cities, of each 100 offenses of murder known, 78
were cleared by the arrest of 96 individuals who were held for prosecu-
tion. It should be noted, however, that the figures for known offenses
are limited to cases committed or first reported to the police during
the calendar year 1933, while the data regarding offenses cleared in-
clude all cases cleared during the year, irrespective of when the crimes
were committed. Similarly, the data pertaining to persons held for
prosecution include all those charged during the year, even though
the crimes were committed in some prior period.
Since the proportion of offenses cleared in a subsequent year will
probably not vary greatly from one period to another, it is not
believed objectionable to treat the data in table 11 as though they
related entirely to offenses committed in 1933.
16
Table 10. — Offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest, and percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest, 1933, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1932, by the Bureau of the Census)
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Population group
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Auto
theft
GROUP I
20 cities over 250,000; total
population, 14,843,800:
Number of offenses
1,316
965
882
732
83.0
69.8
27,008
7,211
26.7
7,238
4,181
57.8
59, 542
13. 795
23.2
' 109, 492
24, 122
22.0
2 32, 183
Number of offenses
cleared by arrest
Percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest
3.740
11.6
GROUP II
23 cities, 100,000 to 250,000;
total population, 3,167,505:
Number of offenses
known
212
169
79.7
134
117
87.3
174
161
92.5
1,743
39.5
1, 5.34
957
62.4
12, 367
3.028
25, 922
6, 212
24.0
9.765
Number of offenses
cleared by arrest
Percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest
1.659
17.0
GROUP in
50 cities, 50,000 to 100,000;
total population, 3,456,758:
Number of offenses
162
133
82.1
91
80
87.9
185
168
90.8
2,482
759
30.6
2,522
2,226
88.3
11,283
2.778
24.6
3 28, 656
6.821
23.8
3 7.863
Number of offenses
cleared by arrest
Percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest
1.290
16.4
GROUP IV
92 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 3,250,766:
Number of offenses
known
141
128
90.8
87
98.9
141
129
91.5
1,557
579
37.2
1,094
922
84.3
10. 480
2,235
21.3
22. 932
5.883
25.7
7.167
Number of offenses
cleared by arrest
Percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest
1.073
15.0
GROUP V
210 cities, 10,000 to 25,000;
total population, 3,304,001:
Number of offenses
123
99
80.5
106
90
84.9
173
162
93.6
1,301
430
33.1
810
737
91.0
< 8, 829
2,255
25.5
' 20, o07
25.4
5 4. 542
Number of offenses
cleared by arrest
Percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest
783
17.2
1 The number of known offenses of larceny— theft and the number cleared are based on the reports from
19 cities with a total population of 14,542,900.
2 The number of known offenses of auto theft and the number cleared are based on the reports from 18
cities with a total population of 10,838,700.
■■ The number of known offenses of larceny— theft and auto theft and the number cleared are based on the
reports from 49 cities with a total population of 3,366.658.
' The number of known offenses of burglary and larceny— theft and the number cleared are based on the
reports from 209 cities with a total population of 3,286,601.
' The number of known offenses of auto theft and the number cleared are based on the reports from 209
cities with a total population of 3.280,201.
17
Table 10. — Offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest, and percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest, 19SS, by population groups — Continued
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Population group
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Auto
theft
GROUP VI
367 cities under 10.000; total
population, 2,266,140:
Number of offenses
known
9S
82
83.7
71
67
94.4
175
165
94.3
686
276
40.2
438
367
83.8
5,748
1,632
28.4
10, 386
3,200
30. S
2 067
Number of offenses
cleared by arrest
Percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest
510
24.7
Total, 762 cities: total popula-
tion, 30,288,970:
Number of offenses
known
Number of offenses
cleared by arrest
Percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest
2,052
1,576
76.8
1,372
1,173
• 85.5
1,784
1,438
80.6
34, 777
9,943
13, 636
9,390
68.9
6 108, 249
25, 723
23.8
" 217, 895
51,452
23.6
' 63, 587
9,055
14.2
« The number of known offenses of burglary and the number cleared are based on the reports from 761
cities with a total population of 30,271,570.
" The number of known offenses of larceny— theft and the number cleared are based on the reports from 759
cities with a total population of 29,880,570.
<■ The number of known offenses of auto theft and the number cleared are based on the reports from 758
cities with a total population of 26,169,970.
Table 10-A. — Number of offenses cleared by arrest during 1933 which were reported
during some prior year as not cleared
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Population group
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Auto
theft
72
2
10
4
1
52
1
36
799
3
30
24
12
6
90
2
27
49
3-
921
102
192
110
187
54
743
36
174
353
55
146
2
Group III
17
Group IV
1
48
23
Group VI
1
14
Total, Groups I-VI
96
54
38
874
171
1,566
1,447
250
18
Table 11. — Offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest, and persons charged (held for
prosecution) , 1933; Number per 100 known offenses
[Population as estimated July 1, 1932, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
Crimi:
homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
Lar-
ceny-
theft
GROUP I
20 cities over 250,000; total
population, 14,843,800:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest.
Persons charged
GROUP II
23 cities. 100,000 to 250,000;
total population, 3.167,505:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest.
Persons charged
GROUP III
50 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 3,456,758:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest-
Persons charged
GROUP IV
92 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 3,250,766:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest.
Persons charged
GROUP V
210 cities, 10,000 to 25,000;
total population, 3,304,001:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP VI
367 cities under 10,000; total
population, 2,266,140:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged...
TOTAL, GROUPS I-VI
762 cities; total population,
30,288,970:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
100.0
78.8
96.4
100.0
80.7
81.6
100.0
88.3
100.0
95.7
103.5
100.0
83.7
84.6
100.0
84.7
85.7
100.0
88.1
104.5
100.0
87.9
92.3
100.0
100.0
102.3
100.0
84.9
95.3
100.0
94.4
101.4
100.0
73.6
89.0
100.0
92.5
89.1
100.0
.39.6
39.4
100.0
38.7
40.5
100.0
34.0
38.5
100.0
41.1
51.3
100.0
59.0
62.9
100.0
62.5
64.4
100.0
95! 3
100.0
90^5
100.0
91.0
97.2
100.0
84.5
87.9
100.0
24.7
19.3
100.0
25.3
19.6
100.0
26.3
20.5
100.0
22.4
20.0
100. 0
27.7
22.5
100.0
29.3
27.7
1 100.0
22.7
24.0
100.0
24.1
21.2
100.0
27.2
24.7
100.0
25.8
25.8
100.0
31.3
29.2
100.0
89.4
110.6
100.0
82.7
100.0
31.1
27.5
6 100.0
25.2
20.3
100.0
24.3
24.0
' Figures for larceny— theft are based on the reports from 19 cities with a total population of 14,542,900 .
2 Figures for auto theft are based on the reports from 18 cities with a total population of 10,838,700.
3 Figures for larceny— theft and auto theft are based on the reports from 49 cities with a total popula-
tion of 3,366,658.
< Figures for burglary and larceny— theft are based on the reports from 209 cities with a total population
of 3,286,601.
» Figures for auto theft are based on the reports from 209 cities with a total population of 3,280,201.
' Figures for burglary are based on the reports from 761 cities with a total population of 30,271,570.
" Figures for larceny— theft are based on the reports from 7.59 cities with a total population of 29,880,570.
9 Figures for auto theft are based on the reports from 758 cities with a total population of 26,169,970.
19
RELATION BETWEEN OFFENSES
KNOWN, OFFENSES CLEARED,
AND PERSONS CHARGED (HELD
FOR prosecution), ' ' 1933
MURDER.NONNEGLIGENT MANSLAUGKTER.
^/r^-T-mmm^^W/MM//// /7////////M 100.0
W. , • 0fmSES,^0l^M<^'////////m?l 81.5
^^M^J^ERSONSCHARGEPW////-/^^^ 93.6
AGGRAVATED ASSAULT
Mmm7mm///'/////m////////M 100.0
%?'f fe:n.se'$' 'c l'e. a"r e d'/////\ ei.i
'y.P.ER.S,b,NS.;ctiAP.G.Eb/////:/^/| 64.7
ROBBERY
r//////7/////////6£FENSES:KNO-W^^ 100.0
y//////m/////m offenses cleared 31.1
V/M///////////A persons charged 27.5
BURGLARY
t7/////y///////////QF^^ 100.0
offenses cleared 25.2
V////////////\ persons charged 20.3
LARCENY
v//////////m^^ 100.0
y/////////////A offenses cleared 24.3
PERSONS CHARGED 24.0
AUTO THEFT
y/////////A OFFENSES CLEARED |4.6
W/'^'/M PERSONS CHARGED |32
20
Persons Charged (Held for Prosecution), 1933
Table 12 shows the number of persons charged and the rate per
100,000. In table 13 there is presented a percentage distribution of
persons charged. As previously explained, under the system of
uniform crime reporting, the term "persons charged" refers to indi-
viduals held for prosecution.
An examination of table 13 reveals that almost one half of the indi-
viduals involved were charged by the police with violation of some
type of motor vehicle or traffic law. In addition, more than one
fourth were charged with drunkenness, disorderly conduct, or va-
grancy, making a total of approximately 75 percent charged with the
preceding types of offenses. Of the remaining individuals held for
prosecution, 3 percent were charged with homicide, rape, or aggra-
vated assault, whereas 21 percent were charged with robbery, burglary,
larceny — theft, auto theft, embezzlement and fraud, receiving stolen
property, or forgery and counterfeiting.
For the offenses of criminal homicide and robbery it will be observed
that the number of persons held for prosecution per unit of popula-
tion is higher for cities in groups I and II than in the smaller com-
munities. However, tliis relationsliip does not occur without ex-
ception for the remaining offense classes.
The rates for the offenses of forgery and counterfeiting and viola-
tion of narcotic drug laws are considerably higher for cities in group II
than for any others. Cities in groups I and II have a rate for prosti-
tution and commercialized vice several times larger than the rates
for the remaining groups. Cities in group II report the highest
rates for drunkenness and vagrancy, whereas group I cities report the
highest figure for disorderly conduct. It is of interest to observe
that for driving while intoxicated, the highest figures are reported by
the smallest communities. Tliis same trend was noted in the tabu-
lation of data from the annual reports for 1932.
Violations of parking regulations are reported most frequently
by cities in groups I and II. In connection with the fact that the
smaller cities report the highest rates for other traffic and motor
vehicle laws, it is suggested as possible that some of them failed to
properly assign arrests to one of the two classes immediately pre-
ceding in table 12.
In connection with the classification Suspicion, it should be ob-
served that according to the procedure outlined in the Manual,
Uniform Crime Reporting, entries for that class should be limited
to persons arrested and released without being held for prosecution.
If a person were held for the action of the court, the individual should
be carried opposite the offense class with which he was formally
charged. However, in table 12 the data have been presented as
reported to the Division of Investigation.
21
Table 12. — Persons charged {held for prosecution) , 1933; number and rates per
100,000, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1932, by the Bureau of the Census]
Group I
Otiense charged
§i
Group Oroiip
II III
8§-
Group
IV
3§S i 'Sfj
Group
V
oo o
Group
VI
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man
slaughter:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
(h) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Robbery:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Larceny — theft:
Number of persons charged
Rale per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying receiving, possess
ing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercialized vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution) :
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
"Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and children:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Licjuor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000.. .- .--
Road and driving laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Parking violations:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
See footnotes at end of table.
4,556
30.7
20, 805
140.2
1,520
77.6
3 26, 313
180.9
4,505
30.3
1,713
11.5
35, 906
241.9
4,563
144.1
2,430
76.7
5,504
173.8
1,271
40.1
356
11.2
3,787
119.6
813
25.7
1,648
52.0
23, 535
743.0
81,001
2, 557. 2
4,376
126.6
2,312
66.9
' 6, 484
192.6
975
28.2
2,735
79.1
521,453
631.8
'541,388
1,219.0
631
19.4
4,904
150.9
621
19.1
1,486
46.2
15, 321
471.3
31,017
954.1
111.0
5, 292
161.0
7 795
24.2
506
15.3
448
13.6
401
12.1
12 2, 229
67.8
2,975
90.0
1829,103
352
15.5
500
22.1
316
13.9
256
11.3
492
21.7
17, 756
783.5
11,050
487.6
22
Table 12. — Persons charged (held for prosecution) , 1933; number and rates per
100,000, by population groups — Continued
Offense charged
Group I
Group Group
II III
"II
Group
IV
S|
Group
V
11
o Q.
Group
VI
Other traffic and motor vehicle 1
Number of persons charged -
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Suspicion:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
43, 537
967.0
134, 622
906.9
11,869
374.7
10, 319
325.8
524,198
712.7
15, 416
446.0
36, 193
1. 047. 0
4,258
123.2
3,602
104.2
19, 093
587.3
9,224
283.7
38, 821
1, 194. 2
3,442
105.9
1617,252
527.0
10, 320
312.3
29,906
905.1
6,566
198.7
1,833
55.8
2,808
85.0
19, 841
17, 944
791.8
6,531
288.2
5,840
257.7
440
19.4
878
38.7
6,884
303.8
■150,38
528.
195, 347
644.9
308, 829
1, 019. 6
'3 29, 377
97.0
166, 924
551. 1
1-17 The number of persons charged and the rate are based on the reports from the number of cities
indicated below:
Cities
Population
Cities
Population
Cities
Population
en
209
761
19
49
759
18
3, 286, 601
30, 271, 570
14, 542, 900
3, 366. 658
29, 880, 570
10, 838, 700
(-)
0)
(9)
209
758
91
209
760
209
3,280,201
26, 169, 970
3, 214, 066
3, 284, 901
30, 233, 170
3, 287, 301
761
19
49
208
758
('•)
(15)
13 123 100
0)
3, 395, 358
(')
('«)--
/5\
(11)
28 476 370
W
(12)
Table 13. — Percentage distribution of persons charged {held for prosecution)
[763 cities; total population, 30,288,970]
1933
Offense charged
Per-
cent
Offense charged
Per-
cent
Criminal homicide:
(fl) Murder and nonnegligent man
slaughter
(6) Manslaughter by negligence
Robbery _
Aggravated assault
Other assaults
Burglary^breaking or entering _ .
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud __-
Stolen property: buying, receiving, possess-
ing _.
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape -
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses _
.49
.51
2.04
1.12
2.66
.43
..36
.14
.08
2.14
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against the family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness -
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
All other offenses... .-.
Total-...
.61
1.75
.97
10.66
27.72
7.65
9.93
15.70
3.25
1.49
.76
8.49
100.00
23
Persons Released {Not Held for Prosecution), 1933
Examination of the annual reports received from contributing^
police departments disclosed that in quite a large number of instances
no entries were made to represent persons arrested but released with-
out being held for prosecution. In some instances definite statements
were made on the reports that no records were maintained regarding
such indi%dduals, while on others there were no entries at all, or
entries were limited to the three classifications pertaining to violations
of motor veliicle and traffic laws. In compiling data regarding persons
released all such reports were eliminated, except that for group VI, if
entries regarding persons released were limited to the classes involving
persons arrested for violation of traffic regulations, the reports were
nevertheless employed in the tabulation. Consequently, in table 14,
the number of persons arrested and released and the rate per 100,000
are based on the reports received from 309 cities mth an aggregate
population of 11,195,920.
The following table represents persons arrested and released without
being held or turned over for prosecution. There are included, there-
fore, instances where juveniles were arrested and it was definitely
established that they were responsible for a given offense, but instead
of being prosecuted they were released to their parents, probation
officers, or were given some similar type of treatment. Likewise, the
compilation includes individuals who were arrested and released with
a reprimand or on the "golden rule" principle, as is sometimes done
in the case of violators of traffic and motor vehicle regulations. Per-
sons summoned, notified, or cited to appear in court to answer criminal
charges who failed to appear in response thereto and who were not
subsequently arrested are also represented in the following tabulations.
With the exception of arrests on suspicion, the largest number of
releases is disclosed in cases of drunkenness and violation of parking
regulations.
Table 14. — Persons released without being held for prosecution, 1933; number
and rates per 100,000, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1932, by tlie Bureau of the Census]
Oflense charsed
S2.
ml
l§l
£§a
o a
3 A
2 S'-s
3S
o o
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man-
slaughter:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
(b) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000 -.-
Robbery:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Other assaults:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Burglary-breaking or entering:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
1,748
30.6
1,359
23.8
117
12.4
101
10.7
178
15.6
181
15.4
120
11.2
87
0.8
2,073
18.5
4,133
36.9
2,131
19.0
56259—34-
24
Table 14. — Persons released without being held for prosecution, 193S; number
and rates per 100,000, by population groups— Continued
Offense charged
Larceny-theft:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possess-
ing:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons released...
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercialized vice:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000.
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution) :
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000.
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000.-
Offenses against family and children:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000.
Liquor laws:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000 _
Road and driving laws:
Number of persons ;
Rate per 100,000 ....
Parking violations:
Number of persons i
Rate per 100,000
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100.000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000.
Suspicion:
Number of persons released.. .
Rate per 100,000
All other offenses:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
SB
3Qg
4,331
75.9
10.7
348
11, 176
195.9
10, 793
270.9
7.901
198.3
2,315
58.1
3,860
67.7
18, 003
315.6
51,615
904.7
18, 511
324.5
181
19.2
4,961
527.1
12, 242
1300. 8
347
36.9
3,451
366.7
821
87.2
404
34.8
1,359
117.0
20, 539
1768. 4
373
32.1
1,234
106.2
406
35.0
6,011
525.9
1,952
170.8
o a
2,178
185.5
601
51.2
2,110
179.7
1, 681
143.1
2,137
182.0
256
23.9
2,027
189.3
4,113
384.1
1,254
117.1
351
32.8
168.0
1,199
■The number of persons released and rate per lOO.OCO are based on reports of 8 cities with a total popula-
tion of 3,984,500.
2 The number of persons released and rate per 100,000 are based on reports of 308 cities with a total popu-
lation of 9,475,220.
25
Percentage of Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1931-33
There are presented in table 15 data comparing the percentages of
clearances for 1931, 1932, and 1933. The data are based on the
annual reports received from the police departments in 22 cities with
an aggregate popidation of 9,381,231. The data for the ofi'enses of
larceny and auto theft are based on a smaller number of reports as in-
dicated in the footnotes to the table, due to the fact that a few of the
reports were incomplete with reference to those offenses.
It should be observed that the compilation is limited to offenses
cleared during the same year in which they were committed or first
reported. In other words, offenses cleared during the year which
were reported during some prior year were not included in the follow-
ing compilation.
In general the table does not show any marked change in clearances
during the 3-year period. However, the compilation does show a
substantial decrease in the percentage of clearances for rape from
84.9 to 70.7, and a notable increase in the proportion of burglaries
cleared by arrest from 27.6 in 1931 to 32.6 in 1933.
It should be observed that data pertaining to auto thefts arc re-
stricted to ofi'enses cleared by the arrest of the offender. A much
larger proportion of stolen automobiles is recovered, but such informa-
tion is not reported to the Division of Investigation under the system
of uniform crime reporting.
Table 15. — Percentage of offenses cleared by arrest, 1931-33
[n cities over. 100,000, total population 9,381,231, as estimated July 1, 1932, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Year
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Auto
theft
1931 ...
80.0
79.0
90.3
9219
84.9
73.5
70.7
35.5
34.2
35.1
65! 6
69.1
27.6
30.0
32.6
■23.9
1 23.5
124.3
2 11.6
1932
2 11.3
1933.. -_
79.3
2 11.7
The data for larceny— theft are based on the reports of 21 cities with a total population of 9,080,
The data for auto theft are based on the reports of 18 cities with a total population of 7,671,897.
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
During the first 3 months of 1934, the Division of Investigation
examined 87,917 arrest records as evidenced by fingerprint cards
received from local law-enforcement officials throughout the United
States. Of the total, 6,212 (7.1 percent) represented females.
Fingerprint cards representing commitments to jails or other
penal institutions or arrests for violation of Federal laws were not
employed in this tabulation. The tabulation of data from finger-
print records obviously does not include all persons arrested since there
are individuals taken into custody for whom no fingerprint cards arc
forwarded to Washington. Furthermore, data pertaining to persons
arrested should not be treated as equivalent to information regarding
the number of ofi'enses committed since two or more persons may be
involved in the joint commission of a single offense, and, on the other
26
hand, one person may be arrested and charged with the commission of
several separate offenses.
Exclusive of arrests for vagrancj^, disorderly conduct, or on sus-
picion, there were 57,087 arrests. Of them 64.5 percent were for
the following serious offenses against life or property:
Criminal homicide 1, 643
Rape 1, 087
Robbery 4, 258
Assault 6, 230
Burglary — -breaking or entering 8, 360
Larceny — theft 12, 534
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing 926
Auto theft 2, 770
Forger}' and counterfeiting 1, 192
Embezzlement and fraud 2, 648
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc 1, 622
Total 43, 270
Table 16. — Distribution of arrests, Jan. 1, 1934-Mar. 31, 1934
Oflfense charged
Number
Percent
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Criminal homicide
1,643
1,087
4,258
6,230
8,360
12, 534
2,770
1,192
2,648
926
1,622
1,057
1,336
1,126
966
2,109
2,093
6,849
3,550
5,956
1,292
337
5
614
11, 324
1,238
4,795
1,514
1,087
4,080
5,786
8,230
11,437
2,713
1,071
2,488
851
1,585
322
1,091
1,071
875
2,065
1,906
6,503
3,201
5,461
1,248
331
5
598
10, 540
1,148
4,498
129
""'178"
444
130
1,097
57
121
160
75
37
735
245
55
91
44
187
346
349
495
44
6
ie'
784
90
297
1.9
1.2
4.8
7.1
9.5
14.2
3.2
1.4
?:?
1.8
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.1
2.4
2.4
7.8
4.0
6.8
1.5
.4
(>)
.7
12.8
1.4
5.5
1.9
1.3
5.0
7.1
10.1
14.0
3.3
1.4
3.0
1.0
1.9
.4
1.3
1.3
2.5
2.4
8.0
3.9
6.7
1.5
.4
(')
.7
12.9
1.4
5.5
Rape
Assault
7 1
Auto theft
9
Embezzlement and fraud
2 6
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing
1 2
Prostitution and commercialized vice
11 8
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution)
3 9
Driving while intoxicated
7
3:0
5 6
Disorderly conduct
5 6
Vagrancy
8 0
8.0
Road and driving laws
1
Suspicion and investigation
12 6
Not stated
1 4
Totals
87, 917
81, 705
6,212
100.0
100.0
100 0
than yio of 1 percent.
Examination of the ages of the persons arrested indicates that those
aged 19 were more numerous than those of any other single age group.
The predominance of that group has been observed since the Division
began the compilation of this type of data in 1932. The folio whig
analysis of individuals less than 30 years of age is of interest:
Correspond-
' quarter of 1933
Under21
16,952 1 19.3 1 20.8
21 to 24.
25 to 29
16 192 18 4 I 18 8
49,021 1 55. 8 : 59.5
27
It will be observed that the proportion of youthful persons arrested
was slisrhtly smaller durina; the first quarter of 1934 than for the
corresponding period of 1933.
The compilation shows that auto theft is generally committed by
youthful individuals. Of the total of 2,770 individuals arrested for
that type of offense 66.5 percent (1,841) were under 25 years of age.
Similarly, 59.9 percent of those arrested for burglary and 53.7 percent
of those charged with robbery were less than 25 years old.
T.\BLE 17. — Arrcsti^ by age groups, Jan. 1,-Mar. 31, 1034
Offense charged
Not
known
Under
15
15
16
17
IS
19
20
21
22
Criminal homicide
5
I
18
8
3
7
8
79
119
10
1
3
1
25
5
102
99
34
1
5
38
483
314
174
8
4
14
25
8
17
12
1
2
9
17
31
57
3
1
18
37
177
77
692
563
277
19
13
15
40
5
16
2
7
4
11
31
72
120
11
45
70
279
137
752
765
302
30
22
42
64
21
34
10
8
17
32
81
125
265
28
12
54
83
324
181
662
782
288
29
47
42
81
23
47
11
13
29
52
139
156
327
32
19
53
74
274
177
509
615
203
42
49
33
63
35
53
27
17
34
57
134
118
265
33
14
62
56
330
255
506
635
159
42
48
41
80
54
54
25
16
67
65
175
176
266
33
20
1
29
537
51
235
70
Rape
308
Assault
240
Burglary— breaking or entering
430
561
Auto theft
161
Forcery and counterfeiting
54
3
I
1
2
1
3
5
3
8
6
55
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
possessing
1
1
1
.......
2
1
3
5
31
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitu-
tion)
Offenses against family and children, . .
Narcotic drug laws
79
82
68
30
36
70
5
5
10
3
1
9
15
1
76
Drunkenness
219
Disorderly conduct
Vagrancv
149
264
Gambling
43
19
1
other trafiSc and motor vehicle laws
1
4
47
"'"46"
""52"
4
36
6
126
21
14
244
37
167
25
457
52
239
31
590
61
272
27
497
51
234
30
577
Not stated
38
All other offenses
215
Total
141
360
402
1,544
2,669
3,914
4,375
3,688
4.018
3,974
O flense charged
Criminal homicide
Rape
Robbery _
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny- theft
Autotheft
Forgery and counterfeiting
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possess-
ing
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution) . .
Offenses against family and children
Narcotic drug laws
Driving while intoxicated
Liquor laws
Drunkenness
Disorderly conduct
Vagrancy
Gambling..
Road and driving laws
Parking violations _
Other traSic and motor vehicle laws
Suspicion and investigation
Not stated
All other offenses...
Total.
1,277
1,300
2,186
454
229
465
127
2,196
116
519
1,061
895
1,657
244
202
497
140
214
171
182
217
210
402
339
1,086
551
867
257
51
208 6,707 4,409 5,519 87,917
28
Thiity-five percent of the individuals whose arrest records were
examined during the first 3 months of 1934 had previous fingerprint
records on file in the Identification Unit of the Division of Investiga-
tion. The proportion having such previous fingerprint records varies
with the offense from 59.1 percent for those charged with violation of
narcotic drug laws to 19.2 percent for those charged with criminal
homicide.
Table 18. — Arrests, Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1934
Offense charged
Total
Pre-
vious
finger-
print
record
Offense charged
Total
Pre-
vious
finger-
print
record
1.643
1,087
4,258
6,230
8,360
12, 534
2,770
1,192
2,648
926
1,622
1,057
1,336
316
236
1,800
1,804
3,055
4,665
969
516
1,134
233
458
360
348
Offenses against family and children.
1,126
966
2,109
2,093
6,849
3,550
5,956
1,292
337
5
614
11,324
1,238
4,795
Robbery
416
Assault _
591
Burglary — breaking or entering
Drunkenness
2 283
Larceny — theft
Disorderly conduct
1 190
Autotheft...
2! 795
Forgery and counterfeiting
Gambling
266
73
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
Parking violations
2
possessing
other traffic and motor vehicle laws.
Suspicion and investigation
150
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.
4,466
Prostitution and commercialized
Not stated
481
vice
All other offenses
1,595
Sex offenses (except rape and prosti-
87,917
31, 018
Table 19. — Percentage with previous records; arrests, Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1934
Offense charged
Percent
Offense charged
Percent
Narcotic drug laws
59.1
46.9
43.3
42.8
42.3
40.0
37^2
36.5
35.0
34.1
33.5
33.3
33.3
Assault
29 0
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Liquor laws
28.2
Forgery and counterfeiting
28 2
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitu-
20.0
Parking violations
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos-
26.2
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Offenses against family and children
24.4
Burglary — breaking or entering
21.8
Autotheft
21.7
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Road and driving laws
21.7
Disorderly conduct
Gambling
20.6
19.7
All other offenses
Criminal homicide
19.2
In addition to those referred to in the preceding paragraph, there
were 2,143 arrest records examined which bore notations indicating
that the individuals involved had at some previous time been arrested,
making a total of 33,161 cases in which the files of the Division con-
tained data showing a previous criminal history. In 22,798 of them
(68.7 percent) the records indicated that the persons involved had
been previously convicted. The following convictions for offenses
against life and property were included:
Criminal homicide 271
Rape 197
Robbery 1, 243
Assault 1, 093
Burglary — breaking or entering 3, 207
Larceny — theft 4, 834
Auto theft 943
Forgery and counterfeiting 893
Embezzlement and fraud 746
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc 314
Drug laws _" 577
Total 14,318
29
It is significant to note that the above total constitutes 62.8 percent
of the entire group sho\ving previous convictions. It should be noted
further that there are undoubtedly numerous instances in which the
uidividuals concerned had been previously involved in the commission
of cnmmal offenses but such criminal activities were not reflected
by the records of the Division.
Durmg March two persons were arrested and charged with homicide
whose records showed previous convictions for the same type of
offense. In one instance the individual mvolved was committed to
a State penitentiary in 1920 for murder under a sentence of 21 years.
He served 10 years and was released. On the current charge of
murder he was found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment. The
record of this person also shows that he served 1 year for burglary
and grand larceny in 1910.
The record of the second individual shows that he served 10 years
for murder in 1921 and that the current murder charge is still pending.
30
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32
Of the 22,798 records showing previous convictions of the indivi-
duals involved, 7,274 indicated that they had at some time in their
previous criminal history been released on parole or given some similar
type of treatment. This figure may be further analyzed as follows:
Paroled — current arrest in period of parole 873
Paroled — prior arrest in period of parole 1, 023
Current arrest in period of previous sentence 2, 076
Previous arrest in period of a prior sentence 1, 230
Total 5, 202
In the remaining 2,072 cases the records did not show an arrest within
the parole period.
Table 21.-
—Arrests Jan
t-Mar.
31, 1934
Offense charged
Paroled,
current
arrest in
period of
parole
Paroled,
prior
arrest in
period of
parole
Paroled,
no arrest
in pe-
riod of
parole
Current
arrest in
period of
previous
sentence
Previous
arrest in
period of
a prior
sentence
Total,
paroled,
or ar-
rested in
period of
prior
sentence
Pre-
viously
con-
victed,
not pa-
roled
6
7
56
29
87
72
31
12
17
6
9
4
6
6
7
6
15
36
21
34
4
5
5
72
45
145
169
41
37
59
11
2
14
6
9
14
56
27
81
t
20
23
129
135
278
344
74
48
83
18
32
22
23
19
42
21
20
115
67
156
13
2
1
9
262
26
90
26
18
219
73
271
284
102
58
83
13
50
12
8
8
17
14
31
65
64
127
6
4
7
4
76
45
134
264
42
25
61
12
17
5
12
3
29
53
34
120
2
64
57
552
327
915
1,133
290
180
303
55
119
45
63
42
123
57
97
325
213
518
29
10
1,027
128
576
Eape
112
Burglary — breaking or entering
1 432
2,509
Forgery and counterfeiting
220
Stolen property: buying, receiving, pos-
sessing
101
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Prostitution and commercialized vice...
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitu-
tion).
236
181
177
Offenses against family and children.. ..
Driving while intoxicated
246
Disorderly conduct
650
Road and driving laws
37
Parking violations
1
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Suspicion and investigation
3
95
16
288
3
125
13
43
7
352
43
121
3
193
30
34
74
2,210
239
Not stated
Total.
873
1,023
2,072
2,076
1,230
7,274
15, 524
The following tabulation shows that the majority of those who
were paroled were originally convicted of serious crimes and were
arrested during the first quarter of 1934 on charges of a similarly
serious nature. There were 159 individuals paroled subsequent to
convictions for criminal homicide. Of those 4 were currently charged
with criminal homicide, 3 with rape, 10 with robbery, 23 with assault,
10 with burglary, and 16 with larceny.
33
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35
Of the 87,917 arrest records examined, 63,385 represented whites
and 20,056 (22.8 percent) were those of Negroes. The remaining races
were represented as follows:
Indian 364
Chinese 348
Japanese 73
Mexican 2, 920
All others 771
In proportion to the number of each in the general population of the
■country" the Negroes arrested were almost 5 times as numerous as
foreign-born whites and 3 times as numerous as native whites.
Expressed in terms of the number per 100,000 in the general popula-
tion of the country (exclusive of those under 15 years of age) the
arrests were as follows:
Negroes 249. 4
Native whites 83. 1
Foreign-born whites 52. 6
It will be observed that the number of native whites is 58 percent
greater than the number of foreign-born whites. However, it should
be noted in this connection that persons whose parents were foreign-
born have been counted among the native whites.
The compilation shows that for criminal homicide, assault, and
carrying concealed weapons, the proportionate number of foreign-born
whites exceeded that of native whites, whereas for robbery, burglary,
and larceny, the opposite was true. For all of the preceding offenses,
the proportionate number of Negroes arrested was considerably higher
.than for whites.
36
II
rod C- fC^ -H CM* r^r-^,-^^ CiCi^COuS^ ^'r^'-^"
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37
Table 24. — Arrests Jan. 1-Mar. 31, 1934, rate per 100,000 of population {excluding
those under 15 years of age)
Offense charged
Native
white
Foreign-
born white
Negro
Criminal homicide—
Rape
Robbery
Assault-
Burglary — breaking or entermg
Larceny— theft
Autotheft
Forgery and counterfeiting
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution)^...
Offenses against family and children
Narcotic drug laws
Driving while intoxicated—
Liquor laws..
Dnmkenness
Disorderly conduct
Vagrancy
Gambling _..
Road and driving laws..
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Suspicion and investigation.
Not stated
All other offenses
Total...
3.7
8.3
11.4
3.4
1.4
3.2
.8
1.1
1.1
1.4
.5
11.1
1.3
4.6
6.9
2.4
12.4
30.6
23.7
41.5
4.1
1.0
2.9
2.3
6.9
3.3
2.8
1.4
1.5
2.1
6.9
14.4
11.6
12.8
6.1
1.0
)
1.6
34.5
2.6
12.2
• Less than Moth of 1 per 100,000.
At the end of March, there were 4,213,114 fingerprint records and
5,346,197 index cards containing names or aliases of individuals with
records on file in the Division of Investigation at Washington. Of
each 100 fingerprint cards received during the first 3 months of
1934 more than 47 were identified with data in the files of the Divi-
sion. During the same period 1,208 fugitives from justice were
identified through fingerprint records and information as to the
whereabouts of these fugitives was immediately transmitted to the
law-enforcement officers or agencies desiring to apprehend these
individuals.
The number of police departments, peace officers, and law-enforce-
ment agencies throughout the United States and foreign countries
voluntarily contributing fingerprints to the Division at the end of
March totaled 6,568.
O
{-\
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume V — Number 2
SECOND QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1934
Issued by the
Division of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D.C.
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1934
ADVISORY
COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM CRIME RECORDS
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE
(II)
U. S. SUPFRINTFNDENT OF DOCUMENTS
AUG 18 1934
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Division of Investigation, U.S. Department of
Justice, Washington, D.C.
Volume 5 July 1934 Number 2
CONTENTS
Classification of offenses.
Extent of reporting area.
Monthly returns:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population.
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1934.
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1931-34.
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location.
Data for individual cities.
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police.
Offenses known in the possessions.
Number of police department employees.
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1934:
Sex distribution of persons arrested.
Age distribution of persons arrested.
Race distribution of persons arrested.
Percentage with previous fingerprint records.
Number with records showing previous convictions.
Classification of Offenses
The term "offenses known to the pohce" is designed to include
those crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification
occurring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known
to the police through reports of police officers, of citizens, of pros-
ecuting or court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the
following group of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience
to be those most generally and completely reported to the police:
Criminal homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter,
and (b) manslaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated
assault; burglary — breaking or entering; larency — theft; and auto
theft. The figures contained herein include also the number of
attempted crimes of the designated classes. Attempted murders,
however, are reported as aggravated assaults. In other words, an
attempted burglary or robbery, for example, is reported in the bulletin
in the same manner as if the crime had been completed.
"Offenses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the police depart-
ments of contributing cities and not merely arrests or cleared cases.
Complaints which upon investigation are learned to be groundless
are not included in the tabulations which follow.
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in
each group, there follows a brief definition of each classification.
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter — includes
all felonious homicides except those caused by negligence. Does not include
(1)
attempts to kill, assaults to kill, justifiable homicides, suicides, or accidental
deaths. (6) Manslaughter by negligence includes only those cases in which
death is caused by culpable negligence which is so clearly evident that if the
person responsible for the death were apprehended he would be prosecuted for
manslaughter.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape, assault to rape, and at-
tempted rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as highway robbery, stick-ups, rob-
bery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shoot-
ing, cutting, stabbing, poisoning, scalding, or by use of acids; mayhem, maiming.
Does not include simple assault assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, house-breaking, safe
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or theft. Includes attempted
burglary and assault to commit a burglary. Burglary followed by a larceny is
entered here and is not counted again under larceny.
6. Larceny — theft (except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value. (6)
Under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, pocket-picking, purse-snatching, shop-
lifting, or any stealing of property or thing of value which is not taken by force
and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement, "con-games",
forgery, passing worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven away
and abandoned, including the so-called "joy-riding" thefts. Does not include
taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unauthorized
use by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the Division of Investigation does not vouch for its accuracy. It is
given out as current information, which may throw some light on
problems of crime and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
Extent of Reporting Area
The number of city police departments contributing one or more
crime reports during the first half of 1934 is shown in the following
table. The information is presented for the cities divided according
to size. The population figures employed are estimates as of July 1,
1932, by the Bureau of the Census, for cities with population in excess
of 10,000. For the smaller communities the figures listed in the 1930
decennial census were employed.^
Growth in the reporting area is evidenced by the following figures
for the first 6 months of 1932-34:
Year
Cities
Population
1932
1,536
1,606
1,645
52, 692, 749
54, 208, 740
1934
62, 319, 945
The above comparison shows that during the first half of 1934 there
was an increase of 39 cities as compared with the corresponding period
of 1933. The combined population of those cities is 8,111,205.
Total
number
of cities
or towns
Cities filing returns
Total popu-
lation
Population repre-
sented in returns
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
983
853
87
60, 813, 881
57, 819, 767
95
57
105
192
592
36
57
96
174
490
97
100
91
91
83
29, 955, 600
7,908,112
7, 092, 407
6, 695, 136
9, 162, 626
29, 672, 100
7,908,112
6,494,911
6,103,613
7,641,031
99
2. Cities 100,000 to 250,000
100
3. Cities 50,000 to 100,000
92
4. Cities 25,000 to 50,000.--
91
5. Cities 10,000 to 25,000
83
The above table does not iMcIude 792 cities and rural townships aggregating a total population of 4,500,178.
The cities included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 population filing returns, whereas the rural
townships are of varying population groups.
MONTHLY RETURNS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population
In order to make possible comparisons of the amount of reported
crime in cities of different size there is presented in table 1 the number
of offenses reported by the police departments of 1,307 cities with an
aggregate population of 56,679,644. In addition to showing the
number of offenses reported by all those cities, the figures are pre-
sented with subdivision as to size.
The compilation shows that in general, cities with more than 100,000
inhabitants report more offenses than the smaller communities.
However, the crime rates vary directly with the size of the city only
in the cases of robbery and auto theft.
The amount of variation in crime rates for the several groups of
cities differs with the offense. The robbery figures show the largest
amount of variation, while the least is shown by the data for murder
and nonnegligent manslaughter.
Of the cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, 76 reported
separate figures for larceny according to the value of the article
stolen. The compilation of that information is presented below.
Larceny— theft
Population group
$50 and
over in
value
Under $50
in value
28 cities over 2.50,000; total population, 19,176,900:
Number of offenses known
10,315
53.8
2,769
41.7
60, 337
Rate per 100,000
314 6
48 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total population 6,643,312:
Number of offenses known
24, 726
Rate per 100 000
372 2
The above tabulation shows that the cities with more than 250,000
inhabitants reported a higher crime rate for major larcenies than was
reported by cities with from 100,000 to 250,000 inhabitants. For
minor lai'cenies, however, the opposite was true. •
Table 1. — Offenses known to the police, January to June, inclusive, 1934; number
and rales per 100,000 by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1932, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
3 cities over 250,000; total
population, 29,(i72,l(K):
Number of olTonsos known.
Rate per 100,000
OUOUP II
52 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,297,412:
Number of oll'onses known.
Kate per 100,000..
GROUP III
7i cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 4,9H0,i:i:{;
Number of olVonses known
Itateper 100,000
GROUP IV
141 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 4,H«1,381:
Number of olTonsos known.
Hate per 100,000
GROUP V
401 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, «,322,04;j:
Number of olToiisos known
Hate per 100,000
GROUP VI
001 cities under 10,000; total
population, 3,52fi,57fi:
Number of offenses known
Jtatepor 100,000
;otal 1,307 cities; total
population, 5n,679,(i44:
Number of ollensos
known
Rate per I0(),0(X)
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
1,044
3.5
1,810
3.2
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
1, 193
4.2
1,042
3.0
Rape
1,065
3.0
1,830
3.2
liob-
bery
2,457
33.7
1,464
29.4
1,078
22.1
952
15.1
22,711
40.1
1,998
27.4
1,273
25. 6
1,079
17.1
407
11.5
12, 703
22.4
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
48, 369
163. 0
15,627
214.1
8,508
172.0
7,644
156.6
6, 900
109. 1
3, 853
109.3
90, 901
160.5
Lar-
ceny-
theft
! 82, 081
370.5
29, 788
408.2
20, 999
421.7
17, 330
355.0
10,682
203.9
7, 807
223. 1
174,747
355.6
Auto
theft
12,389
169.8
6,172
123.0
4,511
71.4
1,642
46.6
« 69, 087
139.7
The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 35 cities with a
total population of 28,287,100.
2 The number of olTcnsos and rate for larceny— theft are based on reports of 34 cities with a total population
of 22,1.53,100.
3 The number of offenses and rate for auto theft are ba,sed on reports of 35 cities with a total population of
22,454,000.
* The number of olTonses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 1,300 cities with
a total population of 55,294,644.
' The number of ollensos and rate for larceny— theft are based on reports of 1,305 cities with a total popula-
tion of 49,160,644.
» The number of olTonses and rate for auto tlioft are based on reports of 1,306 cities with a total population
of 49,461,544.
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1934
In tabic 2 there is prcsontod a compilation showino; tlio daily avcraf2:e
number of olVenses reported durino; the first G months of 1934 by the
police dejiartments in the same cities as are represented in table 1.
The tabulation disclosi^s that during^ the second quarter of 1934 there
were more oll'enses of nuirder and ai2;<2:ravated assault than durino; the
first 3 months of the year. The opposite was true with reference
to offenses of manslauo;hter by nej^ligence, robbery, burii;lary, and
larceny. The trends evidenced by the fi<2;ures for murder, a<i;<2;ravated
assault, robbery, and bur<::lary are similar to those disclosed by the
tabulations covering previous years.
Table 2. — Daily average, offenses known to the police, January to June, inclusive,
1934; 1,307 miscellaneous cities
[Total population, 56,679,644, as estimated July 1, 1932, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
sault
Bur-
glary-
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
I>ar-
cony—
thoft
Month
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
tlieft
8.7
9.6
10.4
11.3
10.0
11.0
1 10.7
9.1
8.7
8.8
8.4
8.7
10.0
8.8
9. G
9.8
10.6
11.8
139.2
136.4
138. 5
129.9
107.1
102.4
64.1
GO. 6
68.8
73. 5
74.9
78.7
548. 8
499. 5
524. 0
514. 5
464. 2
463.1
2 1,002.8
907.9
1,000.3
1,005.3
948.2
922.7
3 402. 9
February..
346. 9
March
392 6
April
409.9
May
June
365.5
Total January-June
10.2
9.1
10.1
125.6
70.2
502.5
965.5
381.7
• The daily averages for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 1,306 cities with a total popu-
lation of 55,294,644.
' The daily averages for larceny— theft are based on reports of 1,305 cities with a total population of 49, 160,-
644.
' The daily averages for auto theft are based on reports of 1,306 cities with a total population of 49,461,544.
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1931-34
For comparative purposes there are presented in table 3, the num-
ber of offenses reported during the first half of the years 1931 to 1934
by the police departments in 69 cities with more than 100, 000 inhab-
itants. The aggregate population of the cities represented is 18,931,-
202.
The compilation shows substantial decreases in the number of rob-
beries and auto thefts. There is a slight decrease in the nmnber of
offenses of murder and nonnegligent manslaughter and the figures for
aggravated assault show a slight decrease as compared with 1933;
similarly the figures for burglary and larceny show slight decreases as
compared with 1933, although the figures for the first half of 1934 are
larger than those for the corresponding period of 1931.
Table 3. — Daily average, offenses known to the police, 69 cities over 100,000,
January to June, inclusive, 1931-34
[Total population, 18,931,202, as estimated July 1, 1932, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Year
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Number of offenses known:
1931-
740
752
759
731
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.0
729
662
617
652
4.0
3.6
2.9
3.6
583
666
3.2
3.4
3.7
3.5
9,706
9,109
8,461
6,885
53.6
50.0
46.7
38.0
4,726
4,240
5,043
4,727
26.1
23.3
27.9
26.1
33, 357
36, 631
37, 073
35, 264
184.3
201.3
204.8
194.8
71, 233
72,831
76, 983
75, 596
400^2
425.3
417.7
43, 759
36, 805
1932
1933
1934
29 906
Daily average:
241.8
1932
202 2
1933
184.5
1934
165 2
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location
Table 4 shows the number of city poUce departments whose reports
have been employed in the tabulation of data appearing in this
issue of the bulletin. It shows for each State and for each of nine
geographic subdivisions of the country the number of communities
represented, divided according to population. It is believed that
this information should be employed in connection with any com-
parison of crime rates for States or other geographic units, particu-
larly in view of the fact that table 1 indicates that the larger cities
report more crimes than smaller communities. Furthermore, the
figures for some States are based upon a very small number of reports,
as indicated by table 4. This factor should be given appropriate
consideration, since crime rates based upon the reports of only a
small number of communities may differ substantially from the
figures which would be obtained if they were based upon reports
received from all communities in the States.
In general, the factors which may cause the crime rates for individ-
ual cities to vary should also be given consideration in making any
comparison of State crime rates. This matter is more fully discussed
in connection with table 6.
The highest rates for murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and
aggravated assault were reported by the East South Central States,
whereas the lowest rates for these offenses were reported by the New
England group. The highest figures for robbery were reported by
the East North Central States ; for burglary, larceny, and auto theft
by the Mountain States. The lowest rates for robbery were reported
by the New England group; for burglary, larceny, and auto theft by
the Middle Atlantic division.
Table 4. — Number of cities in each State included in the tabulation of uniform
crime reports, January to June, inclusive, 1934
Population
Division and State
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
Total
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England: 146 cities; total population,
5,339,462...
7
9
4
2
3
3
5
12
8
5
6
3
5
1
3
9
18
4
8
2
3
2
6
1
25
23
43
10
14
3
8
4
11
1
1
1
10
5
8
8
14
5
9
7
8
52
119
93
46
24
14
16
8
32
5
4
34
6
42
49
27
12
24
20
10
9
1
5
6
9
46
1G2
169
34
5
27
29
61
8
19
4
8
70
59
33
47
9
26
73
14
23
9
10
4
9
12
9'
5
Middle Atlantic: 337 cities; total population,
17,578,281
East North Central: 344 cities; total popula-
tion, 15,058,831
344
West North Central: 137 cities; total popula-
tion, 4,387,327
137
South Atlantic: i 88 cities; total population,
3,680,138
88
East South Central: 30 cities; total popula-
tion, 1,738,841
30
West South Central: 62 cities; total popula-
tion, 2,813,131
62
Mountain: 45 cities; total population, 972,521.
Pacific: llScities; total population, 5,111,112...
New England:
Maine
45
118
15
7
Vermont
8
\
8
6
78
Connecticut
4
4
1
3
3
3
1
2
1
1
5
5
8
4
6
8
2
26
Middle Atlantic:
3
2
2
5
1
2
132
New Jersey
103
102
East North Central:
Ohio
100
31
Michigan
111
35
West North Central:
Minnesota
35
2
2
5
2
1
26
Missouri
2
23
North Dakota
6
7
Nebraska
1
2
16
Kansas
1
24
South Atlantic:
2
Marvland
1
2
4
2
3
3
1
5
4
8
4
2
1
2
1
2
1
21
West Virginia
12
North Carolina
17
Georgia
3
3
4
7
i
6
8
1
1
4
4
10
3
2
52
10
Florida
3
19
East South Central:
Kentucky
1
1
1
Tennessee
7
1
4
Mississippi
7
West South Central:
1
1
2
2
3
1
4
Louisiana
1
5
2
3
'"""2
24
Texas
2
29
Mountain:
Montana
6
Idaho
5
Wyoming
3
1
1
1
1
16
2
Arizona
^
4
Utah
1
1
9
20
6
Nevada
3
Pacific:
Washington
1
3
1
2
1
8
15
12
California
2
6
91
Includes District of Columbia.
76663—34 2
Table 5. — Rate per 100,000, offenses known to the police, January to June,
inclusive, 1934
Division and State
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
lifjent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England
Middle Atlantic '
East North Central 2
West North Central
South Atlantic ^
East South Central
West South Central
Mountain
Pacific *.- ---
New England:
Maine.
New Hampshire--
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
New York ' ---
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
East North Central:
Ohio 6
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central:
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South Atlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia.
West Virginia-
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky.
Tennessee -..
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana -.
Oklahoma
Texas..
Mountain:
Montana - .-.
Idaho -
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico -.
Arizona
Utah-.
Nevada ,
Pacific:
Washington--.
Oregon ,
California '
2.9
3.9
6.7
13.3
9.0
3.5
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.1
3.7
4.4
3.7
1.4
.2
1.7
2.1
6.8
2.8
0
2.6
3.2
5.5
2.2
10.0
6.1
8.9
12.9
8.2
7.2
9.1
15.1
17.3
10.1
17.6
6.4
6.2
10.2
2.8
5.7
8.7
2.8
3.0
12.8
1.4
0
1.7
1.2
1.9
14.3
14.5
73.1
43.5
39.5
66.1
41.0
60.6
9.2
24.6
21.2
41.9
43.8
159.0
23.6
6.8
49.3
29.6
46.9
33.7
48.7
23.2
52.9
13.7
34.7
35.4
38.9
25.2
24.8
34.6
52.2
79.0
77.9
39.7
20.3
50.7
22.4
47.1
44.5
22.4
26.5
8.7
75.1
26.8
139.2
42.4
26.3
54.6
77.9
35.8
7.3
17.3
20.4
9.5
67.3
92.4
34.3
10.0
12.7
10.7
4.1
4.8
7.1
11.5
16.5
25.4
15.3
21.0
17.9
26.5
18.3
3.1
3.9
6.9
13.3
0
3.9
8.8
16.6
22.0
4.6
125.2
39.2
231.5
37.7
61.5
69.4
113.0
63.1
85.6
41.1
9.5
20.5
48.2
2.8
9.5
5.8
9.4
3.0
35.5
7.2
5.3
9.2
14.4
134. 6
74.2
177.5
152.4
218.3
280.8
247.7
324.5
279.4
114.7
148.6
46.9
184.7
82.3
161.5
186.3
265. 2
106. 1
78.5
170.2
178.7
114.7
234.4
151.0
109.7
225.5
130.1
133.2
287.2
140.8
165. 6
211.3
206.3
343.3
345.1
255. 9
290.5
70.9
246.1
106.8
272.2
290.0
190.7
113.6
72.6
392.4
235.2
413.5
301.8
295.6
372.8
414.1
248.7
252.4
162.2
356.9
352.0
464.2
377.8
575.6
649.0
590.7
147.5
119.7
108.4
257.9
250.3
290.0
212.6
204.3
109.0
398.8
467.2
243.7
452. 2
308.3
207.7
400.4
384.4
259.7
338.1
337.0
544.2
307.9
203.7
626.8
290.9
345.5
979.9
702.5
601.0
601.3
284.7
258.0
235.7
510.6
131.3
571.9
745.8
835.9
407.0
441.3
637.2
610.3
, 102. 6
529.9
831.3
601.3
778.9
568.8
' The rates for larceny— theft and auto theft are based on reports of 336 cities with a total population
of 10,360,181.
» The rate for larceny— theft is based on reports of 343 cities with a total population of 14,757,931.
' Includes report of District of Columbia.
* The rate for manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 117 cities with a total population of
3,726.112.
« The rates for larceny— theft and auto theft are based on reports of 131 cities.
• The rate for larceny — theft is based on reports of 99 cities.
' The rate for manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 90 cities.
For the six States represented by the largest number of reports
there are presented in table 5A crime rates i'or six groups of cities.
The grouping of the cities according to size is the same as that
employed in table 1. The number of cities represented in the figures
for each group may be ascertained by referring to table 4.
Table 5A. — Offenses known to the ■police, January to June, inclusive, 1934; number
per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
State and population group
Criminal
homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Auto
theft
CALIFORNIA
Group I '
Group II
Group III
Group IV .,.
Group V
Group VI
MICHIGAN
Group I -
Group II.
Group III -
Group IV..
Group V
Group VI
NEW JERSEY
Group I.
Group II..
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
NEW YORK
Group 12
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
OHIO
Group I'
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V.
Group VI
PENNSYLVANIA
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V.
Group VI
45.3
37.9
24.6
22.8
11.0
11.6
31.5
12.2
26.6
15.1
9.4
7.8
39.7
18.5
25.1
15.3
17.7
9.5
14.0
10.3
6.0
5.1
3.2
55.9
35.4
22.6
27.8
21.1
17.3
27.2
22.6
16.9
11.9
8.9
12.3
18.1
8.3
13.1
7.2
4.0
9.9
25.4
24.4
11.1
8.5
5.7
4.5
37.8
11.0
30.7
18.9
17.3
13.0
18.0
12.8
17.7
20.1
6.3
5.0
25.3
36.4
11^2
9.3
10.6
18.7
6.7
12.5
13.2
11.9
10.3
258.8
284.6
251.7
281.9
164.7
179.0
148.1
165.8
138.2
68.5
54.7
285.4
177.8
191.7
128.6
92.0
116.4
30.3
137.3
95.5
101.4
84.4
187.0
169.3
116.5
133.7
114.9
107.8
77.3
163.1
96.4
89.5
55.9
50.2
574.8
527.6
750. 9
455.6
490.5
517.3
573.8
499.4
466.9
311.1
141.7
115.8
178.4
305.8
373.4
145.0
167.5
171.4
191.4
103.5
506.5
406.1
248.4
296.4
271.3
166.0
92.6
184.7
179.7
127.7
83.3
56.6
233.9
214.3
186.4
172.2
116.6
99.8
107.4
130.1
128.4
106.2
50.0
22.0
186.0
95.2
94.2
71.8
41.5
40.3
94.1
115.6
96.3
61.8
53.5
25.5
159.0
136.0
52.5
108.4
72.7
43.6
109.1
96.9
97.6
31.8
25.6
1 The rate for manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 2 cities.
» The rates for larceny- theft and auto theft are based on reports of 2 cities.
» The rate for larceny— theft is based on reports of 4 cities.
Data for Individual Cities
In presenting crime rates for individual cities the Division of In-
vestigation desires to point out that there are many factors which,
if present, may operate to cause variations in the data for the several
cities. In the first place it should be observed that differences in
crime figures may be due either to real differences in the amount of
10
crime or to the fact that the procedure employed in the preparation
of crime reports has not been uniform among the several reporting
units. Wherever deviations from the procedure outlined in the
crime reporting manual have been observed, efforts have been made
to eliminate them. There has been, however, no field supervision in
connection with the preparation of individual crime reports. It is
believed, therefore, that the proper function of the following compi-
lation of crime data for cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants is
to furnish the information which will serve as a stimulus to further
study of local crime problems on the part of police administrators
and interested civic organizations.
Some of the factors wdiich may produce real differences in crime
conditions in individual communities are the following:
Differences in the composition of the population with reference particularly to
age, sex, and race.
Differences in the economic status and activities of the population.
Differences in climate.
Differences in the educational, recreational, and religious facilities in the
several communities.
Differences in the number of police employees per unit of population.
Differences in the standards governing appointments to the police force.
Differences in the policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts.
Differences in the attitude of the public toward law enforcement problems.
Crime data for individual communities may also be affected by
lack of uniformity in the compilation thereof. In that connection,
it has been recently ascertained that in the past there has been con-
siderable variation in the procedures employed in scoring ofi'enses of
manslaughter by negligence. The methods used have ranged, on
one hand, from the inclusion of all deaths resulting from automobile
accidents to the inclusion, on the other extreme, only of instances
where the automobile driver was tried and convicted. It will be
apparent that where individual cities report high crime rates for man-
slaughter by negligence they probably have included all cases of
automobile deaths, whereas on the other hand, cities reporting ex-
tremely low crime rates may possibly have failed to include cases
where the drivers w^ere guilty of culpable negligence, but were not
tried and convicted. The Division is constantly endeavoring to
eliminate such deviations from the uniform scoring procedure.
With reference to the rates for larceny, it is desired to point out
that there probably is considerable variance on the part of individual
police departments in connection with the procedure employed in
disposing of reports of larcenies of trivial objects. In instances
where the rates for larceny are quite low, it should be considered
possible that the cities represented do not include reports of larceny
where the value of the object stolen is quite trivial, whereas on the
other hand, cities reporting extremely high rates for this offense
probably include all reported thefts without regard to the value of
the article stolen. It should further be borne in mind that there are
no doubt many instances of thefts which are known to the owners of
the property involved, but which are never reported to the police.
These factors are called to your attention, not to discredit any of
the figures included in the following tabulation, but merely to indi-
cate the probable limiiations in the comparability of the rates for
manslaughter by negligence and larceny.
11
From the foregoing, it will bo apparent that the tabulation which
follows is not a fair basis for making comparisons as to the efficiency
of police departments. Such comparisons cannot accurately be made
without considering all factors which enter into the crime problem.
Table 6. — Offenses known to the police, Apr. 1-June 30,1934; rate per 100,000
inhabitants
[Population figures from Federal census, Apr. 1, 1930]
City
population
Criminal
Larceny-
homicide
theft
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
$50
and
over
Under
$50
1.2
2.7
3.9
23.5
32.2
95.7
34.9
143.1
.8
0
.8
9.4
11.0
67.5
17.3
137.3
7
.2
3.0
13.7
1.5
61.5
18.6
84.0
9.2
4.2
.8
12.7
27.3
159.4
27.7
57.8
.3
1.5
4.9
16.9
5.6
54.5
41.9
131.1
0
0
0
13.6
1.4
144. 5
15.0
139.7
1.2
.7
1.7
7.0
23.4
37.2
11.5
83.9
0
5.3
1.8
13.2
5.3
108.2
21.1
130.2
1.9
1.0
1.0
30.5
27.6
149.7
(')
207.8
15.0
4.2
0
16.7
1.3.4
170.3
30.9
303.0
2.6
.7
1.4
93.3
17.9
153.2
29.5
99.8
4.9
.4
1.6
12.0
23.7
57.4
27.0
181.3
3.4
1.1
.8
36.6
8.3
81.8
10.0
271.4
1.0
.3
1.7
41.0
18.2
192.4
39.2
257. 4
7.7
1.9
1.9
16.5
57.6
137.8
10.0
426. 5
2.0
2.0
1.0
11.9
22.4
69.7
13.4
298.0
1.4
1.0
1.4
50.4
4.5
258.1
(')
278.3
.7
0
0
16.8
2 1
133.3
18.9
360.6
1.1
1 7
2.5
17.0
17.6
49.0
15.2
310.7
0
0
0
1.0
71.9
30.6
339.0
0
3.5
3.5
1L3
4.4
68.9
21.8
174.5
4.9
7.8
2.0
20.5
20.5
63.5
7.8
146.5
1.7
0
0
12.9
0
100.0
28.5
92.3
1.0
1.0
3.9
11.7
7.8
86.1
10.8
232.8
0
0
6.9
114.5
10.4
78.9
.6
1.9
4.5
15^3
30^7
97.8
26.2
312.5
1.7
0
0
10.4
.9
67.9
12.2
246.2
4.9
.6
1. 2
22.6
5.5
180.5
9.2
298.0
6.0
2.0
o"
28.9
15.9
100.6
8.0
76.7
0
0
1.2
3.6
1.8
76.5
10.1
218.9
0
.6
0
7.3
10.4
113.4
34.1
265.7
5.8
1.7
2.7
33.5
30.8
214.8
54.0
409.1
2.2
0
1.1
32.4
14.0
152.4
143.9
311.4
10.8
0
0
49.4
44.0
202.2
74.1
382. 9
.8
.8
0
65.7
18.1
175.6
(')
152.6
4.0
4.5
1.5
17.8
2.0
26.5
23.5
30.8
8.5
4.7
1.9
9.5
22.7
150.3
8.5
35.0
.7
2.1
0
17.6
3.5
184.5
46.5
320.4
1.5
(2)
4.0
25.0
9.3
149.3
48.9
227 1
5.8
2.9
1.3
45.5
60.8
213.8
43.2
323^6
2.0
0
4.0
2.0
0
44.9
7.0
57.9
0
0
1.0
5.9
2.0
108.5
23.5
10.3
1.6
1.2
40.3
121.3
116.9
(■)
37^9
3.6
2.7
1.8
28.9
66.0
287.4
(2)
(2)
.2
.2
.5
3.3
2.8
35.1
17.5
156.9
1.9
0
.9
23.3
1.9
109.2
9.5
28.0
5.8
.6
1.9
46.8
39.0
91.6
59.8
108.5
.9
4.5
.2
34.4
23.7
231.9
(')
150.8
0
0
2.7
4.4
7.1
94.1
14.2
174.1
g
.6
.6
14.1
7.4
91.6
27.7
213.9
ZO
1.3
.2
8.3
3.7
44.5
(')
42.7
1.3
3.4
2.1
5.4
9.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
3.1
2.3
1.5
36.2
75.6
207.4
10.0
315.3
1.1
2.5
2.8
22.2
14.8
127.4
21.5
291.1
2.7
.5
2.7
24.3
9.2
57.2
(0
157.0
0
0
0
12.1
1.4
49.5
12.1
94.9
0
0
0
8.6
4.8
25.7
5.7
66.7
1.8
4.4
1.2
7.0
11.9
35.9
13.7
30.1
.3
0
.3
28.5
6.9
32.1
17.6
37.6
.7
0
.3
55.0
4.6
228.3
64.9
340.6
Akron, Ohio, 255,040
Albany, N.Y., 127,412
Baltimore, Md., 804,874
Birmingham, Ala., 259,678
Boston, Mass., 781,188
Bridgeport, Conn., 146,716
Buffalo, N.Y., 573,076
Cambridge. Mass., 113,643
Canton, Ohio, 104,906
Chattanooga, Tenn., 119,798.--
Chicago, 111., 3,376,438
Cincinnati, Ohio, 451,160
Cleveland, Ohio, 900,429
Columbus, Ohio, 290,564
Dallas, Tex., 260,475--. --.
Dayton, Ohio, 200,982
Den%-er, Colo., 287,861
Des Moines, Iowa, 142,559
Detroit, Mich., 1,568,662
Duluth, Minn., 101,463
Elizabeth, N.J., 114,589
El Paso, Te.\., 102,421
Erie, Pa., 115,967
Evansville, Ind., 102,249
Fall River, Mass., 115,274
Flint, Mich., 156,492
Fort Wayne, Ind., 114,946
Fort Worth, Tex., 163,447
Gary, Ind., 100,426
Grand Rapids, Mich., 168,592.-
Hartford, Conn., 164,072
Houston, Tex., 292,352
Indianapolis, Ind., 364,161
Jacksonville, Fla., 129,549
Kansas City, Kans., 121,857
Kansas Citv, Mo., 399,746
Knoxville, Tenn., 105,802
Long Beach, Calif., 142,032
Los Angeles, Calif., 1,238,048..-.
Louisville, Ky., 307,745
Lowell, Mass., 100,234
Lynn, Mass., 102,320
Memphis, Tenn., 253,143
Miami, Fla., 110,637
Milwaukee, Wis., 578,249
Minneapolis, Minn., 464,356
Nashville, Tenn., 153,866
Newark, N.J., 442,337
New Bedford, Mass., 112,597-...
New Haven, Conn., 162,655
New Orleans, La., 458,762
New York, N.Y., 6,930,446
Norfolk, Va., 129,710
Oakland, Calif., 284,063
Oklahoma City, Okla., 185,389. .
Omaha, Nebr., 214,006
Peoria, 111., 104,969....
Philadelphia, Pa., 1.950,961
Pittsburgh, Pa., 669,817
Portland, Oreg., 301,815
Footnotes at end of table.
12
Table 6. — Offenses known to the police, Apr. 1-June SO, 1934; rate per 100,000
inhabitants — Continued
City and population
Criminal
Larceny-
homicide
theft
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
ingor
enter-
ing
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
$50
and
over
Under
$50
0
.4
0
1.2
8.7
87.8
26.5
164.8
0
0
2.7
12.6
4.5
97.1
9.9
117.8
3.3
3.3
2.2
18.6
91.3
107.1
48.1
364.6
0
.3
0
2.4
5.5
54.9
8.8
134.1
4.0
1.0
5.1
21.7
10.1
53.9
(')
252.0
1.8
.7
4.8
28.3
1.5
144.3
18.0
199.2
.7
0
.7
17.8
5.7
148.3
4.3
208.9
6.0
3.0
.4
42.8
30.2
162.4
59.6
304.5
.7
.7
1.4
13.5
1.4
61.5
16.2
142.6
1.6
3.2
2.0
9.0
7.4
75.0
(')
269.9
0
5.6
2.1
4.2
7.0
65.5
13.9
53.7
1.6
0
.3
34.7
6.8
211.4
31.5
197.8
0
0
1.0
7.7
2.9
67.4
14.4
79.9
3.5
0
0
39.0
26.0
199.1
81.4
410.3
1 3
0
4.7
8.0
7.3
64,0
18.7
132. 8
1.0
0
7.6
9.6
4.8
93.2
(')
207.3
0
0
0
15.9
2.8
147.0
16.9
263.1
4.0
0
3.0
7.9
24.7
86.0
13.8
277.8
1.4
0
1.0
21.3
6.9
109.0
37.5
Q)
.7
0
2.1
37.5
12.0
243.5
28.3
387.2
0
0
1.0
5.9
5.9
73.7
18.7
160.2
4.9
1.2
1.0
24.9
12.9
123.9
57.9
243.6
1.0
1.0
3.0
15.0
10.0
34.0
20.0
108. 1
1.8
0
1.8
11.7
8.1
144.9
16.2
454.5
3.8
.9
.9
7.5
11.3
65.7
14.1
156.7
0
0
0
1.5
1.5
76.3
20.5
26.1
0
1.5
0
3.0
5.2
23.0
3.7
40.1
2.4
0
0
30.6
16.5
90.0
1.2
140.6
Auto
theft
Providence, R.I., 252,981
Reading, Pa., 111,171
Richmond, Va., 182,929
Rochester, N.Y., 328,132
St. Louis, Mo., 821,960 --
St. Paul, Minn., 271,606
Salt Lake City, Utah, 140,267-.
San Antonio, Tex., 231,542....
San Diego, Calif., 147,995
San Francisco, Calif., 634,394..
Scranton, Pa., 143,433
Seattle, Wash., 365,583
Somerville, Mass., 103,908
Spokane, Wash., 115,514
Springfield, Mass., 149,900___
Syracuse, N.Y., 209,326
Tacoma, Wash., 106,817
Tampa, Fla., 101,161
Toledo, Ohio, 290,718
Tulsa, Okla., 141,258
Utica, N.Y., 101,740
Washington, D.C., 486,869--..
Waterbury, Conn. ,3 99,902....
Wichita, Kans., 111,110
Wilmington, Del., 106,597
Worcester, Mass., 195,311
Yonkers, N.Y., 134,646
Youngstown, Ohio, 170,002...
35.6
72.0
106.6
69.8
58.9
148.7
101.9
201.3
76.4
122.5
61.4
132.7
86.6
118.6
45.4
105.1
86.1
57.3
121.8
160^4
135.1
48.6
55.3
116.2
17.1
66.5
' Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
2 Not reported.
3 The population of Waterbury as estimated July 1, 1930, by the Bureau of the Census was 100,100.
Offenses Known to Sheriffs and State Police, 1934
Crime rates representing rural portions of the United States have
not been calculated due to the difficulty encountered in ascertaining
the population area represented by reports received from law enforce-
ment agencies policing rural territory. There is presented, however,
a tabulation showing the number of offenses reported by 34 sheriffs
and 8 State police units.
It should be noted that the data presented below represent only
a very small portion of the rural territory in the United States.
Table 7. — Offenses known, January to June 1934, inclusive, as reported by 34
sheriffs and 8 State police units
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
&-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
50
107
105
128
211
1,476
2,782
1,168
13
Offenses Known in Possessions of the United States
In talkie 8 tliere is presented available information regarding the
number of offenses known to the police in Hawaii County, Honomlu
(city and county), Territory of Hawaii; the Canal Zone, and Puerto
Rico. The figures presented include offenses in both urban and rural
areas of the territories specified. The population area represented in
each case is indicated in the table.
Table 8. — Offenses known in United States possessions, January to June 1934;
number and rate per 100,000
[Population figures from Federal census, Apr.
1, 1930]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
Jurisdiction reporting
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Over
$50
Under
$50
Auto
theft
Hawaii:
Hawaii County, popu-
lation 73,325; number
of offenses known
2.7
8
3.9
31
2.0
11
5.4
3
7.6
20
1.3
1
1.4
38
18.7
6
15.2
923
59.8
15
20.5
373
183.8
30
76.0
387
25.1
3
4.1
33.5
8
20.3
39
2.5
82
111.8
870
428.7
91
230.6
1,491
96.6
7
Rate per 100,000 -
9.5
Honolulu, City and
County, population
202,923; number of
offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Isthmus of Panama:
Canal Zone, popula-
tion 39,467; number
of offenses known —
Rate per 100,000
Puerto Rico:
Population 1,543,913;
number of offenses
known
7
3.4
2
5.1
112
7.3
10
4.9
1
2.5
58
3.8
90
44.4
15
38.0
37
Rate per l6o,6o6
2.4
Number of Police Department Employees, 1933
In the issue of this bulletin for the first quarter of 1934 there was
included a tabulation relative to police personnel in cities with more
than 100,000 inhabitants. In the following table there is a similar
compilation for cities with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants.
The cities are divided into three groups accordmg to size. In each
group the cities are arranged alphabetically within each State.
The table shows for each city the total number of police employees
(including civilians), and the number per thousand inhabitants. In
calculating the latter figure the population figures employed were
taken from the Federal census, April 1, 1930.
It is suggested that the information in this table should be taken
into consideration when comparing crime rates for States or other
geographic divisions of the country.
14
Table 9. — Number of police department employees
CITIES WITH 50,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS
193S
City
Mobile, Ala --
Phoenix, Ariz
Little Rock, Ark
Berkeley, Calif
Fresno, Calif
Glendale, Calif
Pasadena, Calif
Sacramento, Calif
San Jose, Calif
Pueblo, Colo
New Britain, Conn-..
Augusta, Ga
Macon, Qa
Savannah, Ga
Berwyn, 111
Cicero, 111
Decatur, 111
Evanston, 111
Oak Park, 111 _._
Rockford, 111
Springfield, 111
East Chicago, Ind
Hammond, Ind
Terre Haute, Ind
Cedar Rapids, Iowa..
Davenport, Iowa
Sioux City, Iowa
Topeka, Kans
Covington, Ky
Shreveport, La
Portland, Maine
Brockton, Mass
Everett, Mass
Lawrence, Mass
Medford, Mass
Newton, Mass
Pittsfleld, Mass
Quincy, Mass
Dearborn, Mich
Hamtramck, Mich.._
Highland Park, Mich
Jackson, Mich
Kalamazoo, Mich
Lansing, Mich
Pontiac, Mich
Saginaw, Mich
St. Joseph, Mo
Springfield, Mo
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
City
Lincoln, Nebr
Manchester, N.H
Atlantic City, N.J
Clifton, N.J
East Orange, N.J
Hoboken, N.J
Irvington, N.J
Union City, N.J
Binghamton, N.Y
Mount Vernon, N.Y
New Rochelle, N.Y
Niagara Falls, N.Y
Schenectady, N.Y
Troy, N.Y ._
Asheville, N.C
Charlotte, N.C
Durham, N.C
Greensboro, N.C
Winston-Salem, N.C
Cleveland Heights, Ohio
Hamilton, Ohio
Lakewood, Ohio
Springfield, Ohio
Allentown, Pa
Altoona, Pa
Bethlehem Borough, Pa.
Chester, Pa
Harrisburg, Pa
Johnstown, Pa
Lancaster, Pa
McKeesport, Pa
Upper Darby Township,
Wilkes-Barre, Pa
York, Pa
Pawtucket, R.I
Woonsocket, R.I
Charleston, S.C.
Austin, Tex
Beaumont, Tex
Galveston, Tex
Port Arthur, Tex
Waco, Tex
Roanoke, Va
Wheeling, W.Va
Kenosha, Wis
Madison, Wis
Racine, Wis
number
of em-
ployees
CITIES WITH 25,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS
Tucson, Ariz
36
25
38
31
20
27
29
30
44
53
36
31
102
16
50
47
(i3
7«
40
1.1
.8
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.0
.9
.8
1.0
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.1
2.7
1^7
1.3
1.9
1.2
2.5
3.0
.9
1.0
West Palm Beach, Fla
Columbus, Ga
Alton, 111
26
64
33
39
34
32
32
29
47
17
23
42
19
20
43
29
33
27
24
42
15
30
24
15
1 0
1.5
Alhambra Calif
Aurora 111
8
Bakersfield, Calif
Huntington Park, Calif .
Danville, 111
9
Inglewood Calif
Elgin 111
9
Galesburg, 111
1.0
San Bernardino, Calif
Joliet, 111
1 1
Maywood, 111
.7
Moline, 111
Stockton, Calif
Quincy, 111
1 1
Rock Island, 111
.5
Meriden, Conn
1 1
.9
1.3
Norwalk, Conn
Michigan City Ind
1 0
.8
Torrington, Conn ....
Muncie, Ind
.9
West Hartford, Conn
New Albany Ind
.6
.9
.9
St. Petersburg, Fla
Clinton, Iowa
.6
15
Table 9. — Number of police department employees, 193S — Continued
CITIES WITH 25,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
II
City
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
26
39
14
32
22
75
44
27
30
36
42
42
32
52
49
130
69
52
58
83
37
73
68
46
29
55
47
44
33
23
31
24
25
27
27
22
38
32
59
36
43
150
72
45
72
63
71
65
40
24
33
38
81
53
37
43
50
54
29
38
107
0.6
.9
.5
.7
.8
1.6
1.5
.8
1.0
1.4
1.5
1.1
1.0
1.4
2.0
2.7
1.5
1.2
1.4
1.7
1.0
1.7
1.7
1.3
1.1
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.1
.8
.7
1.1
.7
.9
.9
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.2
1.8
3.7
1.7
1.3
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.9
1.6
1.5
.9
.9
1.0
1.7
1.2
1.3
1.8
1.6
1.3
.9
1.2
3.0
High Point, N.C.
Wilmington, N.C
Fargo N Dak
35
45
33
13
49
23
27
33
16
18
28
30
30
32
17
32
29
29
16
34
20
19
35
100
45
32
22
15
17
34
39
36
25
65
23
55
44
35
21
40
13
14
16
33
43
29
50
47
30
38
27
27
27
23
22
21
26
39
44
42
44
56
37
1.0
1.4
1.2
Dubuque, Iowa
Ottumwa, Iowa _
Hutchinson, Kans
East Cleveland Ohio
1 2
Lexington, Ky
Newport, Ky....
.6
.7
Paducah, Ky
Monroe, La _..
Massillon, Ohio
7
Bangor, Maine ..
Middletown Ohio
.9
1.0
9
Cumberland, Md
Hagerstown, Md
Norwood Ohio
Arlington. Mass
Beverlv, Mass
Sandusky, Ohio
Steubenville Ohio
.7
.9
Brookline, Mass
Chelsea, Mass
Chicopee, Mass ._-
Zanesville Ohio
g
Fitchburg, Mass
Enid, Okla
.6
1.1
.8
.7
1 0
Haverhill. Mass
Revere, Mass
Salem Oreg
Salem, Mass..
Waltham, Mass
Easton Pa
Lower Merion Township, Pa..
New Castle, Pa
2.8
Ann Arbor, Mich
Battle Creek, Mich
Norristown Borough, Pa
Sharon, Pa
.9
g
Bay City, Mich
Washington Borough, Pa _
Wilkinsburg Borough, Pa
.6
.6
Port Huron, Mich
Royal Oak, Mich
Wyandotte, Mich
Central Falls, R I
Meridian, Miss
Cranston R I
g
East Providence Town, R.I.._
Newport, R.I
Warwick R I
.8
2.4
1 0
University City, Mo
Butte, Mont
Greenville, S.C
Spartanburg, S.C
Sioux Falls, S.D
Abilene, Tex
1.9
1.5
1.0
9
Concord, N.H
Nashua, N.H
Belleville. N.J
Bloomfield, N.J
Amarillo, Tex
9
Garfield, N.J
Brownsville Tex
g
Hackensack, N.J
Corpus Christi, Tex
5
Kearny, N.J
Montclair, N.J
Wichita Falls, Tex
New Brunswick, N.J
Burlington, Vt
Orange, N.J
Perth Amboy, N.J
Newport News, Va
1 4
Plainfleld, N.J.
Petersburg Va
J 1
West Orange, N.J
Woodbridge Township, N.J.._
Bellingham, Wash
9
Albuquerque. N.Mex
Everett, Wash
9
Amsterdam, N.Y
Clarksburg, W.Va.. . .
Auburn, N.Y
Parkersburg, W.Va
g
Elmira, N.Y
Appleton, Wis
9
Eau Claire, Wis
Kingston, N.Y
Fond du Lac, Wis
1 0
Newburgh, N.Y
Poughkeepsie, N.Y
Oshkosh, Wis
1 0
Rome, N.Y
Sheboygan Wis
1 1
Watertown, N.Y
Superior, Wis
1 6
White Plains, N.Y .
West Allis, Wis
1 1
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,C00 INHABITANTS
Anniston, Ala
Dothan, Ala
Fairfield, Ala
Florence, Ala
Blytheville, Ark
Hot Springs, Ark
Jonesboro. Ark
North Little Rock, Ark
76663-34 3
Anaheim, Calif
Beverly Hills, Calif.
Brawley, Calif
Burbank, Calif
Burlingame, Calif..
Compton, Calif
Eureka, Calif
Fullerton, Calif
16
Table 9. — Number oj police department employees, i5S5— Continued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
City
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
TVrnHp«fn Palif
15
16
13
20
17
12
28
9
16
41
11
21
10
13
13
15
10
8
7
9
12
21
16
30
58
15
22
21
20
12
13
13
5
12
18
14
17
19
11
11
9
6
9
13
20
8
11
12
13
17
3
13
14
12
19
17
11
10
8
6
10
12
10
9
3
16
20
9
13
10
5
12
16
21
30
1.1
1.5
1.0
1.5
.8
\.\
.8
1.2
2.8
1.0
^9
1.2
1.0
'.1
.7
.6
.9
2.\
2.5
.8
2.0
1.7
LI
.7
1.1
.5
.9
.8
.9
.8
1.2
1.1
1.1
.8
.7
.5
^9
^8
^9
.8
.3
.8
1.1
.7
.9
1.0
1.1
.8
.5
.5
L2
.7
.2
1.1
1.6
.7
.7
.9
.9
.9
.5
.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
Shelbyville, Ind .-..
4
13
20
8
10
I
14
9
23
6
7
ll
6
20
8
8
10
9
10
8
5
10
15
7
10
17
5
22
24
10
8
10
15
16
17
10
9
17
U
13
9
6
27
39
18
9
15
8
22
16
38
14
20
18
36
22
30
19
15
26
26
15
21
40
12
14
16
50
22
21
23
30
21
0.4
.7
Whiting, Ind
1.8
Pqln Altrv Cnlif
Ames, Iowa
.8
.8
Redlands Calif
Fort Dodge, Iowa
.8
Fort Madison, Iowa. .
.5
Iowa City, Iowa
Keokuk, Iowa
.7
San Mateo Calif
.9
Snnta Oru7 P.nlif
Marshalltown, Iowa
.5
1.0
South Gate Calif
Newton, Iowa
.5
.7
.6
Ventura Calif
Atchison, Kans
1.0
.6
Boulder Colo
Coffeyville, Kans. ---
L2
Fort Collins Colo
Dodge City, Kans
.8
El Dorado, Kans
.8
Greeley Colo
Emporia, Kans -
.7
Fort Scott, Kans
.8
.7
East Hartford Conn
Manhattan, Kans
.8
Naugatuck Borough, Conn
.7
Stratford Conn
Salina, Kans
.7
.7
Willimantie Conn
Frankfort, Ky
.9
Daytona Beach Fla
Henderson, Ky
1.5
Middleborough, Ky
.5
Lakeland Fla
Owensboro, Ky. .. --
LO
St Augustine Fla
Alexandria, La
1.0
.7
Brunswick Ga
La Fayette, La
.5
Rome Ga
Lake Charles, La ...
.6
.8
Augusta, Maine
.9
Biddeford, Maine
1.0
Blue Island, III
South Portland, Maine
Waterville, Maine . . .
.7
Brookfield III
.7
Cairo, 111
Westbrook, Maine
.8
Calumet City, 111
Frederick, Md
1.2
Canton 111
Salisbury Md ....
1.0
Centralia, 111
LO
Champaign, 111
Amesbury, Mass -
.8
Chicago Heights III
Athol Mass
6
East Moline, III
1.2
Elmhurst, 111
Belmont, Mass .
1.8
Elmwood Park 111
Braintree Mass
1 1
Forest Park, 111
.7
Freeport, 111
Dedham, Mass
LO
Harrisburg, 111
.7
1.0
Highland Park, 111
Gardner, Mass
.8
Jacksonville, 111
1 6
Kankakee, 111 . .
Kewanee, 111
Leominster Mass
9
1.2
La Salle, 111
1.6
Mattoon, 111
1.0
1.8
1.4
Park Ridge, 111
Needham Mass
1.4
Streator, 111
1 7
Urbana, 111 .
1.2
West Frankfort, 111
North Attleboro, Mass
1. 5
Wilmette, 111. _
1.4
Winnetka, 111
Bedford, Ind
.8
Bloomington, Ind
1 0
1.1
Elwood, Ind...
Frankfort, Ind
Wakefield Mass
3 1
Goshen, Ind
1.9
Huntington, Ind
Westfleld, Mass
1. 1
La Porte, Ind
West Springfield. Mass
1 4
Marion, Ind...
Winchester, Mass
1.7
Table 9. — Number of police department employees, 1933 — Continued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Winthrop, Mass -
Woburn, Mass - -
Adrian, Midi -
Alpena, Mich
Benton Harbor, Mich
Ecorse, Mich
Escanaba, Mich
Ferndale, Mich
Grosse PoLnte Park, Mich
Holland, Mich
Iron Mountain, Mich
Iron wood, Mich
Lincoln Park, Mich
Marquette, Mich
Menominee, Mich
Monroe, Mich
Mount Clemens, Mich,..
Muskegon Heights, Mich.
Niles, Mich
Owosso, Mich_
River Rouge, Mich
Sault Ste. Marie, Mich.-.
Traverse City, Mich
Ypsilanti, Mich
Albert Lea, Minn
Austin, Minn
Brainerd, Minn
Faribault, Minn
Hibbing, Minn
Mankato, Minn
Rochester, Minn
St. Cloud, Minn
South St. Paul, Minn
Virginia, Minn
Winona, Minn. —
Clarksdale, Miss
Columbus, Miss
Greenville, Miss
Hattiesburg, Miss
Laurel, Miss
McComb, Miss
Natchez, Miss
Vicksburg, Miss
Cape Girardeau, Mo
Hannibal, Mo
Independence, Mo
Jefferson City, Mo...
Maplewood, Mo
Moberly, Mo
St. Charles, Mo
Sedalia, Mo
Webster Groves, Mo
Billings, Mont
Beatrice, Nebr
Fremont, Nebr
Grand Island, Nebr
Hastings, Nebr
Norfolk, Nebr
North Platte, Nebr
Reno, Nev
Berlin, N.H
Claremont, N.H
Dover, N.H
Laconia, N.H
Portsmouth, N.H
Bridgeton, N.H
Burlington, N.H
Carteret, N.J
ClifTside Park, N.J
Cranford Township, N.J..
Dover, N.J
Gloucester, N.J
Harrison, N. r
Hawthorne, N.J
HOlside Township, N.J.--.
Linden, N.J
Lodi, N.J
Long Branch, N.J
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
City
Lyndhurst Township, N.J.
Maplewood Township, N.J.
Millville, N.J
Morristown, N.J
Neptune Township, N.J
Pensauken Township, N.J.
Phillipsburg, N.J
Pleasantville, N.J
Rahwav, N.J
Red Bank, N.J
Ridgefleld Park, N.J
Ridgewood, N.J
Roselle, N.J
Rutherford, N.J
South Orange, N.J
South River, N.J
Summit, N.J
Teaneck Township, N.J
Westfield, N.J
Union Township, N.J
Weehawken Township, N.J
Santa Fe, N.Mex
Batavia, N.Y
Beacon, N.Y
Cohoes, N.Y
Corning, N.Y
Cortland, N.Y
Endicott, N.Y
Floral Park, N.Y
Freeport, N.Y
Fulton, N.Y
Geneva, N.Y
Glen Cove, N.Y
Glens Falls, N.Y
Gloversville, N.Y
Hempstead, N.Y
Herkimer, N.Y
Hornell, N.Y
Hudson, N.Y
Irondequoit, N.Y
Ithaca, N.Y
Johnson City, N.Y
Johnstown, N.Y
Kenmore, N.Y
Little Falls, N.Y
Loekport, N.Y.
Lynbrook, N.Y
Mamaroneck, N.Y
Massena, N.Y
Middletown, N.Y
North Tonawanda, N.Y
Ogdensburg, N.Y
Olean, N.Y
Oneida, N.Y
Oneonta, N.Y
Ossining, N.Y
Oswego, N.Y
Plattsburg, N.Y
Port Chester, N.Y
Port Jervis, N.Y
Rensselaer, N.Y
Rockville Center, N.Y
Saratoga Springs, N.Y
Tonawanda, N.Y
Watervliet, N.Y
Concord, N.C
Gastonia, N.C
Goldsboro, N.C
Rocky Mount, N.C
Salisbury, N.C
Shelby, N.C
Statesville, N.C
Thomasville, N.C
Wilson, N.C
Bismarck, N.Dak
Grand Forks, N.Dak
Minot, N.Dak
Alliance, Ohio
Average
number
of em-
ployees
18
Table 9. — Number of -police department employees, 1933 — Continued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
City
Average
number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabi-
tants
8
20
9
8
12
17
8
9
14
23
14
7
8
16
11
12
6
7
6
8
9
5
23
7
12
16
11
9
9
17
13
10
15
10
12
12
7
25
15
6
10
12
9
23
14
7
19
6
9
9
29
13
13
11
8
8
8
11
5
29
8
12
8
15
4
37
24
5
14
8
11
6
10
15
0.7
.9
.7
.8
.8
.9
.7
.5
.6
1.8
.7
.5
.6
1.0
.7
.6
.8
.5
.4
.5
.6
.6
.5
1.3
.6
.7
.7
1.0
.8
.7
.8
1.0
.8
.9
.6
1.0
.6
.7
.6
1.3
.7
.6
.6
1.2
1^2
.7
.6
.8
.5
'.1
.5
1.8
.9
.9
-.8
.7
.6
.6
.8
.4
1.4
.6
.8
.8
.9
.3
1.7
1.2
.3
.6
.8
.6
.4
.6
.7
Mount Lebanon Township,
Pa .
16
22
18
15
8
20
9
15
15
17
12
6
14
3
5
11
19
4
5
30
9
11
15
10
8
7
8
9
9
6
13
5
8
10
5
13
11
12
14
13
32
20
34
17
12
12
13
17
8
8
6
12
15
12
22
14
16
10
10
20
12
14
17
14
9
12
7
.9
15
19
24
Bellaire Ohio
Munhall, Pa
1 7
Campbell, Ohio
North Braddock, Pa
Chillicothe Ohio
Oil Citv, Pa
7
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio
Pittston, Pa
East Liverpool, Ohio
Plains Township Pa
6
Euclid, Ohio
Fostoria, Ohio
Pottsville Pa
7
Garfield Heights, Ohio .
Stowe Township, Pa
9
Ironton, Ohio
Sunbury Pa
4
Swissvale, Pa
Tamaqua, Pa
Marietta, Ohio
2
New Philadelphia, Ohio
Painesville, Ohio
Uniontown, Pa
1 0
Parma Village, Ohio
.3
Salem, Ohio
West Chester Pa
2 4
Shaker Heights, Ohio
Westerly, R.I
Struthers, Ohio
West Warwick, R.I
Aberdeen S Dak
g
Tiffin, Ohio
9
Xenia, Ohio.-
Chickasha, Okla
Rapid City S Dak
7
McAlester, Okla
Bristol Tenn
7
Okmulgee, Okla....
.8
Sapulpa, Okla
Corsicana Tex
9
Shawnee, Okla
Del Rio, Te.\ .
Eugene, Oreg . . - .
Greenville Tex
g
Klamath Falls, Oreg
.6.
Arnold, Pa
Sweetwater Tex
1 1
Beaver Falls, Pa
.8
Berwick, Pa
1 3
Braddock, Pa.
1. 3.
Bradford, Pa
Danville, Va
1 5
Bristol, Pa
Hopewell Va
1 5
Butler, Pa--
Canonsburg, Pa
Suffolk Va
1 2
Carnegie, Pa
Winchester Va
1 2
Chambersburg, Pa
Aberdeen, Wash
.8
Charleroi, Pa .
Hoquiam Wash
6
Cheltenham Township, Pa
Olympia, Wash
.7
Coatesville, Pa
Vancouver Wash
g
Connellsville, Pa
Walla Walla, Wash
.9
Wenatchee, Wash
Dickson City, Pa
Yakima, Wash
1.0
Bluefield, W.Va
.7
Dormont, Pa ...
Fairmont, W Va
Du Bois, Pa
Morgantown W Va
6
Moundsville,'w.Va
Ellwood City, Pa
Ashland, Wis
Farrell, Pa
Beloit Wis
8
Franklin, Pa
Cudahy, Wis
Greensburg, Pa
Janesville Wis
.6
Hanover, Pa
Manitowoc Wis
Haverford Township, Pa.
Shorewood, Wis
1.0
Homestead, Pa
South Milwaukee, Wis
Stevens Point Wis
.8
Jeannette, Pa
9
.7
Latrobe, Pa
Watertown Wis
g
McKees Rocks, Pa
Waukesha, Wis
.8
Meadville, Pa
Monessen, Pa
Wauwatosa, Wis
1.1
19
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
During the first 6 months of 1934 the Division of Investigation
exaniined 173,768 arrest records, as evidenced by fingerprint cards
received from hiw enforcement agencies throughout the country.
The records examined did not include prints representing commit-
ments to jails or penal institutions or prints representing arrests for
violations of Federal laws. The tabulation of data from fingerprint
records obviously does not include all persons arrested, since there
are individuals taken into custody for whom no fingerprint cards
are forwarded to Washington. Furthermore, data pertaining to
persons arrested should not be treated as information regarding the
number of offenses committed, since two or more persons may be
involved in the joint commission of a single offense, and on the other
hand, one person may be arrested and charged with the commission
of several separate offenses.
As has been true during the past 2 years, the number of individuals
arrested who were 19 years of age was greater than the number for
any other single age group. In the following instances serious charges
were placed against individuals 19 years of age:
Larceny — theft 1, 510
Burglary — breaking or entering 1, 268
Auto theft 585
Robbery 583
Assault 373
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc 129
Criminal homicide 100
Total 4,548
It will be observed that the above figures constitute more than
one-half of the arrests of 19-year-old individuals. The arrest records
in 26,175 (15 percent) cases represented individuals less than 20 years
old; 38,662 (22 percent) were those of persons between the ages of
20 and 24, inclusive; and 31,749 (18 percent) represented persons
from 25 to 29 years old. More than 55 percent (96,586) of the
records were those of persons less than 30 years of age.
Females constituted 11,971 (6.9 percent) of the 173,768 arrest
records examined.
20
Table 10. — Distribution of arrests, Jan. 1-June 30, 1934
Offense charged
Total Male Female
Total Male Female
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft -
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc. . .
Offenses against family and children-
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws.. _
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws..
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling -
Suspicion
Not stated
All other
2,967
7,387
11,801
15, 857
21, 870
5,561
4,676
1,650
2,138
2,121
659
2,177
1,786
3,030
1,937
3,945
4,297
709
7
1,339
7,011
13, 103
10, 902
2,306
20, 013
2,248
10, 300
292
338
952
253
2,054
108
308
149
221
1,453
458
209
70
82
407
24
765
658
935
62
1,343
160
567
13.8
3.3
2.9
1.0
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.1
1.8
1.2
2.5
2.5
.4
.8
4.5
7.9
6.8
1.4
12.3
1.4
6.2
13.5
3.4
2.9
1.0
1.3
1.3
.4
1.4
1.1
1.9
1.2
2.4
2.7
.4
(•)
1.4
12.4
1.4
6.4
Total - 173,768
161, 797
11,971 100.0
1 Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
Table 11. — Arrests by age groups, Jan. 1-June 30, 1934
Offense charged
Age
Not Un-
known der 15
Criminal homicide --.
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft _.-
Autotheft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws -
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children..
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations..
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws...
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated...
All other offenses
1,296
1,034
555
100
583
373
1,268
1,510
585
Total.
■,721
373
338
568
64
1,041
98
552
7,910
21
Table 11.— ,4;-;ts<s by age groups, Jan. 1-June 30, 1934 — Continued
Offense charged
Criminal homicide -
Robbery
Assault .-
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Autotheft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice-
Other sex ofTenses.. _
Narcotic drug laws ■
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children. .
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws..
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion.
Not stated
All other oflenses
Total
23 24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44
1,010
112
459
673
1,650
2,594
2,582
4,137
875
1,442
2,304
2,169
442
4,124
470
1,872
7,596 31,749 25,419
517
970
2,191
1,677
3,121
496
263
403
235
307
355
429
447
387
723
815
106
3
207
1,211
2,261
1,685
442
3,413
381
1,419
401
540
1, r,64
989
2,265
237
132
851
2,068
1,101
341
2,225
288
1,015
271
1,133
572
1,549
113
674
157
222
123
130
228
232
246
256
492
575
49
614
1,724
803
263
1,454
178
792
13, 245
201
125
802
361
1,012
47
52
400
1,193
50 and
over
358
1,220
30
54
552
1,717
956
202
1,118
Total
all
3,259
7,725
12, 753
16, 110
23, 924
5,669
4,984
1,799
2,359
2,121
2,112
2,635
1,995
3,100
2,019
4,352
4,391
718
7
1,363
7,776
13, 761
11,837
2,368
21,356
2,408
10, 867
173, 768
AGES OF PERSONS ARRESTED
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT CARDS
JANUARY I -JUNE 30 . 1934
26J75
\^yyyy^M^z6^^^yyyyyyyy^^^^
\^^^y^^<^%^^'^1^0: i^XXXXA
^^^^^'y^m^zoioXf^
x:
>^GE'35 Tb^3^
^^^^^^ AGE 40 TO 44
'^XXXA AGE 45 TO 49
^yyy^y^y/\ AGE 50 AND OVER
31749
25419
18374
13245
8 686
11221
In 61,347 (35.3 percent) cases the individuals involved already had
fingerprint records on file in the Identification Unit of the Division of
Investigation. Six of each 10 charged with violation of the narcotic
drug laws had previous fingerprint cards on file and 4 of each 10
charged with robbery, embezzlement, fraud, forgery, or counter-
feiting had similar prior records.
22
Table 12. — Arrests, Jan. l~June 30,
Offense charged
Pre-
vious
Offense charged
Pre-
vious
finger-
print
record
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering —
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized
vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
3ns; carrying, possessing, etc.
3,271
5! 900
8,903
1,968
2,092
441
Offenses against family and chil-
dren
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws.
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other
Total _. 173,768 61,347
2,019
4,352
4,391
718
7
1,363
7,776
13,761
11,837
2,368
21, 356
2,408
10, 867
459
1,196
869
152
3
335
2,805
4,703
5,422
524
8,551
941
3,621
Tab
LE 13. — Percentage with previous fingerprint records; arrests, Jan. 1-June 30,
Offense
Percent
Narcotic drug laws
Vagrancy
Parking violations '
Robbery..
Embezzlement and fraud
Forgery and counterfeiting
Suspicion
Larceny— theft
Burglary— breaking or entering
Disorderly conduct
Auto theft
Drunkenness
All other offenses
Prostitution and commercialized vice
60.1
45.8
42.9
42.3
42.0
40.9
40.0
37.2
36.6
36.1
34.7
34.2
33.3
32.1
Assault
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Liquor laws.
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos-
sessing
Other sex offenses. __
Offenses against family and children
Rape
Gambling..
Road and driving laws
Criminal homicide
Driving while intoxicated
> Only 7 fingerprint cards were received representing arrests for violations of parking regulations.
In addition to the 61,347 instances in which the individuals repre-
sented had previous fingerprint cards in the files of the Division, there
were 3,899 cases in which the current records bore notations indicat-
ing previous criminal histories of the persons concerned, making a
total of 65,246 instances in which there were data regarding previous
criminal activities of the individuals represented. In 44,329 of those
cases (67.9 percent) the records showed previous convictions. Con-
victions for serious oft'enses were revealed as follows:
Criminal homicide 522
Robbery 2,395
Assault 2, 158
Burglary — breaking or entering 6, 090
Larceny— theft 9, 297
Auto theft 1,856
Embezzlement and fraud 1, 427
Forgery and counterfeiting 1, 644
Narcotic drug laws 1, 239
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc 637
Total 27,265
It will be observed that the 27,265 previous convictions for major
offenses constitute 61.5 percent of the total prior convictions disclosed
by the records.
23
!— i-.)<o) -1 . lo 30r
^S
C0C0O«»C^'0-
'2§
> ■* t^OlO -I
»OC0<N(N0i»O05"^-
)_ CO— I OIC^ '
I COCOM^M
— .r^— .loi^^jtooi^t^t^c
)oo— ■oooo-
5cnMcq"*<
asiNooooc
II
. ^ iO«3 — O Tj^ c
!OrMr-c2t-t:-::*^i2:?'S«^°SO<^'Nc
O'-'Ccor^^r^t-t^oO'O
r-h-oO'O»0(M-^Q0O'"
;ss
OOXN^^CS i-rft^ i^O-^CO
J tj a
ibflS^-S-^
^^■3— ff ft?
j)<!Wa3 6^rtp-,o2;?OhjQ3HPHOQP>Ow:2;<j
24
1-9
<C<5M to
^00C100>O^^O5O5■«>'OC
lOOCOO^t-HNCOCOCOOOr-l
1 .-1 CS->)< .-I
5 00Tf<03O->l<«0q>0rt«-*--l-'
iOOr^ tooc
lOMMOO'J'O^C^OOC^OOOJiO
■«<Tf<<rjoc>)«t^(NTj<oot^t^«ooo-HC
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iO^^»OOCC it--C^10C^t^0"
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;2gSS5:S?5SE5g§3gS?2?5f;2
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o«<;pqH:)<;WMf^«PHO:2;^OHJP«P-iOQfi>Om2;<;
25
Further stiid}^ of the criminal histories of the individuals involved
disclosed that in 1,011 cases the individuals were on parole at the time
they were currently arrested. In addition, there were 3,933 cases
in which although there was no affirmative showing that the individ-
uals had been paroled, the current arrests were made within the
period of prior unexpired sentences. This makes a total of 5,544
PREVIOUS CONVICTIONS OF PERSONS ARRESTED
DATA OBTAINED FROM RN6ERPRINT RECORDS
JANUARY-JUNE. 1934
NUMBER OF PERSONS
500 1000 TSOO 2000 2500
MD FRAUD
FORGERV AND COUflTERFElTll JG
AUTO THEFT
Mwm^-
instances in which the current arrests were made wliile the individuals
were on parole or for some reason were at liberty prior to the expira-
tion of previous sentences; and this number constitutes 12.5 percent
of the 44,329 previous convictions disclosed by the records. The
compilation shows further that in the majority of the 5,544 instances
the individuals were previously convicted of major offenses and were
currently charged with serious crimes.
26
Table 15. — Arrests, Jan. 1-June 30, 1934
O Sense charged
Criminal homicide.
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— brealjing or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing.
Forgery and counterfeiting .-.
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons", carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunlfenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion...
Not stated
All other offenses
Total.
Current
arrest in
period of
parole
Current
arrest in
period of
previous
sentence
148
n37
524
206
124
33
65
481
671
276
157
42
122
41
24
25
48
21
174
200
295
18
796
27
isl-g:
c^OiOOOrtioc^oo^mc^o
> .-, 05 CO CO c^
i^5"c5c
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iiOCn«OOOOOr-<Q
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)0 rt mm^oocj
^X3
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3 s C3 3 B
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.T3 O
5Z:s:okJP«PhOQP>Om^;<^
28
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88
liil
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29
Wliites were represented by 125,581 of the arrest records examined
during the first 6 months of 1934, and Negroes by 39,913. The re-
maining races were represented as follows:
Indian 689
Chinese 608
Japanese 118
Mexican 5, 597
All others 1,262
For comparative purposes it is believed best to present the figures
in terms of the number of such individuals in the general population
of the country. For each 100,000 Negroes in the United States (ex-
clusive of those under 15 years of age) there were 496 arrests of
Negroes as evidenced by fingerprint records received. Similarly for
each 100,000 native whites there were 164 arrests of native whites
during the 6-month period, and the corresponding figure for foreign-
born whites is 104. It should be observed in this connection that
the figure representing native whites includes the immediate de-
scendants of foreign-born individuals. The compilation showing the
proportion of each of the above three race groups charged with indi-
vidual offenses discloses that for homicide, assault, and carrying
concealed weapons the number of foreign-born individuals exceeds
the number of native whites, whereas the number of Negroes exceeds
both classes of whites by a large margin.
Table 17. — Arrests, Jan. 1-June SO, 1934
Race
Total
all races
Offense charged
White
Negro
In-
dian
Chi-
nese
Japa-
nese
Mexi-
can
All
others
Criminal homicide
2,030
5,670
7,085
11, 690
16, 485
4,775
4,434
1,398
2,133
1,600
1,524
2,160
1,152
1,801
1,746
2,997
3,779
482
4
959
5,348
10, 581
8,791
1, 325
11922
8,322
1,119
1,783
5,007
3,810
6,309
743
483
351
180
387
530
404
255
1,112
188
1,225
332
175
3
303
1,987
2,268
2,247
934
5,202
407
2,169
13
23
51
47
82
19
9
g-
12
5
9
9
7
3
21
35
11
8
4
14
9
11
3
2
3
g-
14
3
350
18
5
2
3
13
5
8
1
9
1
5"
5
3
3
8
2
75
159
440
472
921
121
23
41
19
84
24
38
169
105
63
77
215
36
12
83
143
77
108
7
24
5
14
30
10
20
55
54
15
26
22
12
3,259
7; 725
12, 753
Burglary — breaking or entering
16, 110
Larceny — theft
23,924
5,669
Embezzlement and fraud
4,984
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos-
1,799
2,359
Rape
2,121
Prostitution and commercialized vice
2,112
2,635
Narcotic drug laws
1,995
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws...
Driving while intoxicated
3,100
2,019
4,352
4,391
718
7
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
4
49
129
50
.......
13
2
6
5
26
55
46
7
8
i
4
13
2
7
5
1
8
66
329
734
622
9
463
49
243
28
53
31
99
38
181
104
1,363
7,776
13, 761
11,837
Gambling
Suspicion
21, 356
2,408
All other offenses
10, 867
Total
125, 581
39, 913
689
608
118
5,597
1,262
173, 768
30
Table 18. — Arrests, Jan. 1-June 30, 1934
[Rate per 100,000 of population, excluding those under 15 years of age]
Offense charged
Native
white
Foreign-
born
white
Negro
Criminal homicide
2.3
7.5
7.7
16.0
21.9
6.9
5.9
1.6
2.8
2.1
2.2
2.7
1.6
2.1
2.2
3.6
5.0
6.9
14.3
12.0
1.5
21.1
2.6
10.7
.3.0
2.5
13.5
5.3
12.1
1.2
3.6
2.4
1.5
1.5
2^4
.5
2.7
2.3
4.7
2.4
.3
.8
5.6
8.1
5.6
2.1
9.9
1.3
8.0
13.9
22.2
62.3
Burglary — breaking or entering
47.4
78.5
9.2
Embezzlement and fraud
6.0
4.4
2.2
Rape
4.8
Prostitution and commercialized vice
6.6
5.0
Narcotic drug laws
3.2
Weapons; carrying possessing, etc
13.8
2.3
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
15.2
4.1
2.2
(')
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
3.8
Disorderly conduct
24.7
28.2
Vagrancy
27.9
Gambling
11.6
64.7
5.1
All other offenses
27.0
Total- -. -..
164.7
104.0
496.4
1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per 100,000.
At the end of June there were 4,372,619 fingerprint records and
5,501,084 index cards containing names or aliases of individuals with
records on file in the Division of Investigation at Washington. Of
each 100 fingerprint cards received during the first 6 months of 1934,
more than 46 were identified with data in the files of the Division.
During the same period, 2,164 fugitives from justice were identified
through fingerprint records and information as to the whereabouts of
those fugitives was immediately transmitted to the law" enforcement
officers or agencies desiring to apprehend them.
31
The number of police departments, peace officers, and law en-
forcement agencies throughout the United States and foreign coun-
NUMBER OF NEGROES AND WHITES ARRESTED
IN PROPORTION TO THE NUMBER OF EACH IN THE
GENERAL POPULATION OF THE COUNTRY.
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT CARDS. JAN. I - JUNE 30^1934
NUMBER OF PERSONS ARRESTED PER 100,000 IN POPULATION
0 to 20 30 ^0 50 bO 70 60 lO lOO
tries voluntarily contributing fingerprints to the Division at the end
of June totaled 6,774.
O
q3T^,5c..^
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume V — Number 3
THIRD QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1934
Issued by the
Division of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D.C.
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1934
S. SUPERINTFNDENT OF DOCUWHIT?
NOV 14 1934
ADVISORY
COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM CRIME RECORDS
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE
(11)
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Division of Investigation, U. S. Department of Justice,
Washington, D. C.
Volume 5 October 1934 Number 3
CONTENTS
Classification of offenses.
Extent of reporting area.
Monthly returns:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population.
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1934.
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1931-34.
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location.
Data for individual cities.
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police.
Offenses known in the possessions.
Number of police department employees.
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1934:
Sex distribution of persons arrested.
Age distribution of persons arrested.
Race distribution of persons arrested.
Percentage with previous fingerprint records.
Number with records showing previous convictions.
Classification of Offenses
The term "offenses known to the police" is designed to include
those crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification
occurring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known
to the police through reports of poUce officers, of citizens, of prose-
cuting or court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the fol-
lowing group of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience
to be those most generally and completely reported to the poHce:
Criminal homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter,
and (6) manslaughter by neghgence; rape; robbery; aggravated as-
sault; burglary-breaking or entering; larceny-theft; and auto theft.
The figures contained herein include also the number of attempted
crimes of the designated classes. Attempted murders, however, are
reported as aggravated assaults. In other words, an attempted bur-
glary or robbery, for example, is reported in the bulletin in the same
manner as if the crime had been completed.
"Offenses known to the poHce" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the police depart-
ments of contributing cities, and not merely arrests or cleared cases.
Complaints which upon investigation are learned to be groundless are
not included in the tabulations which follow.
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included im
each group, there follows a brief definition of each classification.
1. Criminal homicide. — -(a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter- — includes
all felonious homicides except those caused by negligence. Does not include
94226—34 (1)
attempts to kill, assaults to kill, justifiable homicides, suicides, or accidental
deaths. (5) Manslaughter by negligence — includes only those cases in which
death is caused by culpable negligence which is so clearly evident that if the
person responsible for the death were apprehended he would be prosecuted for
manslaughter.
2. Ra-pe. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape, assault to rape, and attempted
rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as highway robbery, stick-ups,
robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, poisoning, scalding, or by use of acids; mayhem, maiming.
Does not include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe
•cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or theft. Includes attempted
burglary and assault to commit a burglary. Burglary followed by a larceny is
entered here and is not counted again under larceny.
6. Larceny — theft {except aitto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value.
(6) Under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depend-
ing upon the value of the property stolen, pocket-picking, purse-snatching,
shoplifting, or any stealing of property or thing of value which is not taken by
force and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement, "con-games",
forgery, passing worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the so-called "joy-riding" thefts. Does not
include taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unau-
thorized use by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of poHce in different cities,
the Division of Investigation does not vouch for their accuracy. They
are given out as current information, which may throw some Ught
on problems of crime -and criminal-law enforcement..
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
Extent of Reporting Area
The number of city police departments contributing one or more
crime reports during the first 9 months of 1934 is shown in the follow-
ing table. The information is presented for the cities divided ac-
cording to size. The population figures employed are estimates as
of July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census, for cities with population
in excess of 10,000. For the smaller communities the figures listed in
the 1930 decennial census were employed.
Growth in the reporting area is evidenced by the following figures
for the first 9 months of 1932-34:
Year
Cities
Population
1932
1,546
1,638
1,727
52, 802, 362
1933 -- ---
62,041,342
1934
62,391,056
The above comparison shows that during the first 3 quarters
of 1934 there was an increase of 89 cities as compared with the cor-
responding period of 1933.
Total num-
Cities filing returns
Total popu-
lation
Population repre-
sented in returns
or towns
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
983
866
88
60, 281, 688
57, 615, 233
96
1. Cities over 250,000...
37
57
104
191
594
36
57
97
175
501
97
100
92
84
29, 695, 500
7,850,312
6, 980, 407
6, 638, 544
9,116,925
29,415,100
7, 850, 312
6, 503, 370
6,114,421
7, 732, 030
99
2 Cities 100,000 to 250,000
100
3 Cities 50 000 to 100 000
93
92
5 Cities 10,000 to 25,000
85
The above table does not include 861 cities and rural townships
aorgregating a total population of 4,775,823. The cities included in
tiiis figure are those of less than 10,000 population filing returns,
whereas the rural townships are of varying population groups.
MONTHLY RETURNS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population
In the following table there is presented the number of offenses
reported during the first 9 months of 1934 by the police departments
of 1,228 cities with an aggregate population of 55,808,992. The
data are also presented in the form of rates per 100,000 inhabitants
and are divided into 6 groups according to size of city.
The compilation shows that in general, cities with more than 100,000
inhabitants report higher crime figures than the smaller communities.
For the offenses of robbery and auto theft, the crime rates vary
directly with the size of city. The same is true with reference to
offenses of murder and burglary, with the exception that the rates
for cities in group II exceed the figures for group I.
The amount of variation m the six groups of rates for each offense
is greatest for robbery, and the least variation is shown in the figures
for rape.
Of the cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, 73 reported
separate figures for larceny according to the value of the articles
stolen. The compilation of that information is presented below:
Larceni
'-theft
Population group
$50 and
over in
value
Under
$50 in
value
26 cities over 250.000; total population, 17,328,700:
15, 583
4, 255
65.7
90, 357
521.4
47 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total population, 6,480,012:
Number of otTenses l^nown
38, 206
Rate per J 00.000 .-.
589.6
The above tabulation shows that the police departments of cities
with more than 250,000 inhabitants reported a higher figure for
major larcenies than was reported for cities with from 100,000 to
250,000 inhabitants. With reference to minor larcenies, however,
the opposite was true.
Table 1. — Offenses known to the police, Jaminrj/ to September, inclusive, 1934;
number and rates per 100,000, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
Criminal homi-
cide
Mur-
der,
Man-
nonneg-
slaugh-
liaent
ter by
man-
negli-
slaugh-
gence
ter
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Auto
theft
GROUP I
36 cities over 250,000; total population,
29,415,100:
Number of offenses known .._
Rate per 100,000-..
GROUP II
52 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total popu-
lation, 7,235,012:
Number of offenses known...
Rate per 100,000
23, 683
80.5
10, 877
37.0
3,321
45.9
2 70, 163
315.2
45, 967
645.0
72 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total popu-
lation, 4,867,382:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
139 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total popu-
lation, 4,824,976:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V
39 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total popu-
lation, 6,176,178:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
530 cities under 10,000; total popula
tion, 3,290,344:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
1,674
34.7
1,464
23.7
1,754
36.4
13, 145
249.5
11,519
238.7
10, 734
173.8
5,578
169.5
25, 583
414.2
11,007
334.5
Total 1,228 cities; total popu-
lation, 55,808,992:
Number of offenses known.
Rate per 100,000
2,823
.5.1
2,780
5.0
20, 894
37.4
U34,360
276.2
261,701
546.0
6,583
106.6
8102,856
211.4
• The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 34 cities with a
total population of 27,686,900.
2 The number of offenses and rate for burglary— breaking or entering are based on reports of 35 cities with
a total population of 22,260,800.
3 The number of offenses and rate for larceny— theft are based on reports of 33 cities with a total population
of 21,642,000.
< The number of offenses and rate for auto theft are based on reports of 35 cities with a total population
of 22,260,800.
» The number of offenses and rate for larceny— theft are based on reports of 51 cities with a total population
of 7,126,812.
« The number of offen.ses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 1,226 cities
with a total population of 54,180,792.
' The number of offenses and rate for burglary— breaking or entering are based on reports of 1,227 cities
with a total population of 48,654,692.
8 The number of offenses and rate for larceny— theft are based on reports of 1,224 cities with a total popula-
tion of 47,927,692.
« The number of offenses and rate for auto theft are based on reports of 1,227 cities with a total population
of 48,654,692.
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1934
Reports of offenses known to the police are submitted monthly
by police departments throughout the country. In order to make
possible an examination of the monthly fluctuations in the amount of
crime, there is presented in table 2 the daily average number of offenses
reported during the first 9 months of 1934. The compilation is
limited to the reports received from the police departments of 88 cities,
with a total population of 36,639,112.
The tabulation indicates the highest figures for murder and assault
occurred in July, and it will be observed that on the whole, the averages
for the third quarter for those two offenses exceed those for the first
6 months of the year. For robbery, burglary, and larceny the opposite
is true, the highest figures occurring in the first 3-month period. The
highest figure for auto theft was reported for April, but the averages
for that classification fail to show any regular variation.
Table 2. — Daily average, offenses known to the police, 88 cities over 100,000,
January to September, inclusive, 1934
[Total population, 36,639,112, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census
]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Month
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Auto
theft
January
5.8
7.1
7.5
8.1
7.3
7.8
9.4
7.7
8.1
17.2
6.9
6.2
5.6
6.2
5.9
5.4
5.8
6.4
7.7
6.7
6.6
7.0
6.8
7.7
6.6
7.7
7.6
114.0
113.8
115.9
106.6
88.5
83.1
86.5
97.1
98.1
43.3
42.0
49.7
50.9
53.5
56.7
61.3
54.1
55.8
2 380. 3
355.0
365.6
348.1
314.4
312.4
330.0
347.5
358. 6
3 657. 2
590.2
638^7
601.2
586.7
573.8
636.1
656. 5
* 302. 3
258. 4
March
294.4
April
306.8
M^:::::::::::::;::::::
273.5
273.9
July
258.2
279.2
302.5
Total
7.6
6.2
7.2
100.3
52.0
345.7
620.3
283.4
1 The daily averages for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 86 cities with a total population
of 34.910,912.
2 The daily averages for burglary— breaking or entering are based on reports of 87 cities with a total pop-
ulation of 29,484,812.
3 The daily averages for larceny— theft are based on reports of 84 cities with a total population of 21,533,800
* The daily averages for auto theft are based on reports of 87 cities with a total population of 29,484,812.
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police, 1931-34
To enable the making of a comparison over a period of years there
is presented in table 3 the number of offenses reported by the police
departments of 71 cities with an aggregate population of 19,969,802
for the first 9 months of each year during the period 1931-34.
The compilation shows that the number of robberies and auto thefts
has steadily decreased during the 4-year period, robberies from 15,291
in 1931 to 11,448 in 1934, and auto thefts from 66,874 in 1931 to
49,028 in 1934.
The number of murders reported for the first 9 months of 1934 is
less than the number for the corresponding period of 1933 and is only
slightly in excess of the 1931 figure, which is the lowest for the 4-year
period. Similarly, the number of aggravated assaults shows a decrease
as compared with 1933, but the current figure is in excess of the figures
reported for 1931 and 1932. The burglary and larceny figures show
a slight decrease from 1933.
The compilation shows a large decrease in the number of negligent
manslaughters reported. It should be observed in this connection
that prior to 1934 several of the larger cities were including as negli-
gent manslaughter all instances of automobile fatalities. During the
current year, however, this matter has been called to the attention of
individual police departments with a view to including only those
cases in which the driver of the automobile involved was guilty of
culpable negligence. It is believed, therefore, that the decrease in the
number of negligent manslaughters reported for 1934 should be con-
sidered the result of a change in the procedure employed in scoring
such cases, rather than a change in the number of such offenses
occurring.
Table 3. — Daily average, offenses known to the police, 71 cities over 100,000,
January to September, inclusive, 1931~S4
[Total population, 19,969,802, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
Number of offe
known:
1931.
1932
1933
1934
Daily average:
1931
1932
1933
1934
1,209
1,254
1,332
1,212
4.4
974
1,012
995
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.6
15, 291
14, 426
13, 834
11, 448
56.0
52.6
50.7
41.9
7,984
7,228
8,948
8,070
29.2
26.4
32.8
52, 377
57, 557
58, 530
55, 404
191.9
210.1
214.4
202.9
115,726
118,434
123, 607
121, 380
423.9
432.2
4.')2. 8
444.6
66, 874
56, 400
52, 941
49, 028
245.0
205.8
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location
In table 4, there is indicated the number of city police departments
in each State whose reports have been used in the compilation of
data regarding known offenses for the first 9 months of 1934.
Table 4 shows for each State the number of police departments
divided according to size of city. The same information is included
for the entire country, divided into nine geographic divisions. This
type of information is included because it is believed it should be
taken into consideration in making comparisons between any two
sets of crime rates. As indicated in table 1 , there is a general tendency
for cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants to report higher crime
figures than the smaller communities. It is of some importance,
therefore, to ascertain the number of reports from large cities em-
ployed in calculating the crime rates for an individual State.
Another item of significance disclosed by the following table is
that some States are represented by an extremely small number of
reporting cities. Obviously, a set of crime figures based on a limited
number of reports may differ substantially from the rates which would
be obtained if they were based on the reports of a majority of the
cities in the State.
Examination of table 5 discloses that the highest rates for murder,
nonnegligent manslaughter, and aggravated assault were reported by
the East South Central States, whereas the highest robbery figure was
for the East North Central States. The lowest rates for all of the
preceding offenses were those of the New England group. The com-
pilation shows further that the Mountain States reported the highest
figures for burglary, larceny, and auto theft, whereas the lowest
rates for those offenses were those of the Middle Atlantic group.
Tabi
4. — Number of cities in each State included in the tabulation of nniform
crime reports, January to September, inclusive, 1934
Population
Division and State
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
Total
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England: 135 cities; total population,
5,147,870
9
4
2
3
3
5
12
8
9
5
6
5
4
9
16
22
5
8
2
4
1
5
1
1
24
25
44
8
11
5
9
4
9
1
1
10
4
7
8
8
9
14
6
10
7
7
47
119
91
46
23
21
34
5
4
1
30
2
5
41
29
49
27
12
24
17
11
9
7
5
6
9
41
138
143
60
28
26
26
62
5
1
6
21
4
4
60
42
36
45
9
26
50
13
22
9
9
4
2
6
8
1
.-
4
5
1.35
Middle Atlantic: 313 cities; total population,
17,258.247
East North Central: 318 cities; total popula-
tion, 14,918,776
313
318
West North Central: 128 cities; total popula-
128
South Atlantic: 78 cities; total population,
3,556,320'
78
East South Central: 30 cities; total popula-
tion, 1,661,313
30
West South Central: 68 cities; total popula-
68
Mountain: 39 cities; total population, 885, 117..
Pacific: 119cities; total population, 5,061,327...
39
119
New England:
Maine
12
7
8
Massachusetts
1
1
8
-.
4
1
3
3
3
1
2
1
1
5
1
1
4
3
9
4
6
8
2
75
Rhode Island..
12
21
Middle Atlantic:
New York
3
2
5
1
1
1
2
120
85
Pennsylvania
108
East North Central:
98
Indiana
33
Illinois
85
Wisconsin
34
West North Central:
34
Iowa
3
2
4
2
1
1
25
Missouri
2
22
7
South Dakota
8
Nebraska
1
2
1
13
19
South Atlantic:
Delaware
2
1
2
4
1
2
1
5
4
7
Virginia
2
2
3
19
West Virginia
11
17
South Carolina
1
Georgia
I
4
2
1
5
2
2
8
9
2
2
4
7
3
2
1
1
2
15
8
3
3
2
7
1
3
5
2
2
5
55
8
Florida
3
15
East South Central:
1
1
12
7
Alabama
5
6
West South Central:
Arkansas
1
5
Louisiana
1
7
2
3
..
27
Texas
2
29
Mountain:
Idaho
4
Wyoming
4
1
1
12
New Mexico
2
Arizona
3
Utah
1
4
23
7
Nevada ....
3
Pacific:
1
1
3
2
14
11
California
2
5
94
Includes District of Columbia.
Table 5. — Rate per 100,000, offenses known to the police, January to September,
inclusive, 1934
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Division and State
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Auto
theft
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
1.1
3.0
4.7
5.5
11.1
19.4
13.8
3.3
3.0
1.5
6.2
2.4
3.0
4.0
6.9
4.2
1.7
3.4
5.4
5.4
4.3
4.9
5.4
3.4
4.4
4.4
5.8
20.6
21.3
111.2
63.6
57.3
94.2
69.4
84.1
63.3
13.2
26.7
34.9
15.1
124.6
143.6
57.8
16.9
20.8
209.5
158.1
276.7
241.3
328.3
423.5
370.8
487.7
430.2
402.8
244.4
567.0
536.0
717.8
519.8
854.0
913.7
868.5
181.0
Middle Atlantic '
East North Central 2
West North Central
South Atlantic 3 4
East South Central
West South Central
Mountain
Pacific'..-
127.4
204.6
236! 7
230.5
300.7
320.1
311.5
New England:
Maine
0
1.2
0
1.3
.6
.8
.3.1
2.5
3.0
5.7
6.6
6.0
2.4
2.6
2.9
9.1
2.3
2.8
4.2
5.7
9.2
4.4
17.4
7.8
13.7
12.8
13.2
14.6
13.8
22.2
25.0
13.9
22.6
9.8
8.5
16.5
6.1
2.3
5.7
3.4
9.0
0
1.4
3.0
3.1
2.1
3.0
.5
.6
0
1.4
1.7
1.9
7.2
10.1
2.7
2.8
1.0
2.4
3.2
.3
.5
1.4
7.0
0
1.9
0
.5
1.8
1.1
4.4
1.9
11.7
0
1.3
4.3
6.8
6.2
2. a
10.3
2.1
1.9
5.3
4.1
0
0
3!o
0
0
0
1.2
0
4.3
.9
6.5
4.8
7.3
.2
2.9
6.1
4.5
4.5
3.7
3.4
3.9
6.4
3.1
2.6
1 7
8.1
4.5
1.9
3.3
5.4
1.8
6.9
8.5
4.5
5.0
1.6
6.9
3.0
3.2
4.6
1.7
5.2
5.5
2.4
5.2
4.7
12.2
0
1.9
3.9
0
9.4
3.7
14.8
1.2
1.9
7.2
4.6
5.3
7.2
23.9
5.6
24.9
12.8
37.0
32.3
67.1
69.5
234.3
39.8
8.6
71.4
46.3
65.7
56.6
55.7
35.8
86.7
20.2
43.5
53.1
50.6
46.7
35.3
32.7
77.7
119.4
109.5
55.5
31.2
77.4
31.2
71.5
63.2
26.5
66.0
23.0
118.8
33.0
4.7
65.0
56.3
80.8
113.1
54.2
29.7
5.3
4.8
12.0
23.2
10.3
26.0
36.8
24.0
37.1
39.1
40.8
32.7
5.9
5.5
11.8
21.7
6.8
5.6
15.2
24.2
37.6
7.8
203.3
64.3
465.0
83! 0
115.9
145.6
188.4
93.3
90.1
63.0
22.6
35.6
78.8
10.2
20.5
9.6
14.6
3.0
28.3
26.6
8.9
21.8
14.0
21.4
162.9
124.6
72.8
212.4
187.9
247.5
145.1
269.4
120.6
256.8
280.4
397.9
182.6
114.9
278.9
279.1
180.5
312.4
222.8
149.8
380.2
186.0
189.3
426.8
210.8
293.5
298.7
316.4
518.2
507.5
357.1
441.9
268.6
322.8
163.5
425.2
428.6
187.6
254.9
243.1
588.8
420.5
306.8
478.1
536.1
571.5
624.7
379.8
266.9
187.5
177.9
391.3
504.8
471.2
325.3
322.6
167.2
622.7
707.2
382.5
761.3
463.9
324.8
621.7
596.7
371.3
517.2
434.4
845.3
482.0
316.8
45113
637.5
1, 781. 1
1, 093. 4
1, 087. 6
883.5
277.8
374.2
422.9
707.9
232.4
859.4
1, 089. 3
1, 084. 8
965.0
1,048.9
862! 1
590.0
1, 320: 9
923.3
1,183.0
822.4
152.7
New Hampshire
77.7
28.7
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
207.0
64.1
196.1
Middle Atlantic:
New York 8
116.0
151.0
Pennsylvania
East North Central:
Ohio*
124.8
198.0
Indiana
254.8
257.3
Michigan
156.1
99.7
West North Central:
336.0
212.6
172.8
North Dakota
South Dakota ---
Nebraska
176.6
226.5
371.1
189.1
South Atlantic:
Delaware
151.2
209.8
207.1
West Virginia-
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
166.9
198.7
80.3
134.0
Florida »
222.0
East South Central:
Kentucky
252.9
Tennessee
229.0
253.6
45.1
West South Central:
307.7
136.4
Oklahoma
197.8
399.6
Mountain:
Montana
106.0
Idaho
186.6
241.2
Colorado
347.7
New Mexico
240.3
28.3
Utah..
356.6
Nevada
598.3
Pacific:
Washington 10..
Oregon
365.1
239.0
California"
308.8
1 The rates for burglary and auto theft are based on reports of 312 cities with a total population of 10,103,-
947. The rate for larceny-theft is based on reports of 311 cities with a total population of 9,784,047.
2 The rate for larceny-theft is based on reports of 317 cities with a total population of 14,619,876.
3 The rate for larceny-theft is based on reports of 77 cities with a total population of 3,448,120.
* Includes report of District of Columbia.
' The rate for manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 1 17 cities with a total population of 3,333, 127.
* The rates for burglary, larceny-theft and auto theft are based on reports of 119 cities.
' The rate for larceny-theft is based on reports of 84 cities.
8 The rate for larceny-theft is based on reports of 97 cities.
» The rate for larceny-theft is based on reports of 14 cities.
" The rate for manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 13 cities.
" The rate for manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 93 cities.
For the six States represented by the largest number of reports
there are presented in table 5A crime rates for six groups of cities.
The grouping of the cities according to size is the same as thatemployed
in table 1. The number of cities represented in the figures for each
group may be ascertained by referring to table 4.
Table 5A. — Offenses known to the police, January to September, inclusive, 19S4;
number per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
State and
population group
CAUFORNIA
Group I ' --
Group n
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
MICHIGAN
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
NEW JERSEY
Group 1 2
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
NEW YORK
Groupl'
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI --.
OHIO
Group I * ---
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
PENNSYLVANIA
Group I
Group II--
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man
slaughter
by negli
gence
11.7
10.2
6.4
10.1
10.2
7.7
6.2
10.0
5.1
6.4
3.6
2.3
Rob-
bery
65.8
50.5
48.8
41.8
22.6
21.8
51.4
29.4
45.7
24.9
12.2
9.9
60.2
25.4
30.4
19.1
26.8
14.7
13.5
18.0
9.8
8.5
7.4
3.7
61.2
38.1
43.3
32.1
26.1
39.8
32.0
33.7
18.1
12.2
27.4
26.5
14.6
21.6
8.0
9.2
11.8
45.4
47.1
18.6
11.7
8.2
6.2
16.1
7.0
28.1
25.0
28.7
28.2
20.6
26.0
29.0
11.4
9.4
44.4
62.1
8.2
25.8
13.5
20.5
30.0
8.3
20.7
18.1
15.8
25.7
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
391.2
405.2
401.8
474.0
299.3
280.1
154.6
265.6
287.7
207.6
108.2
94.9
429.7
258.7
167.7
192.3
156.1
145.3
138.6
195.6
120.8
131.4
141.4
115.8
291.1
284.9
194.2
183.0
160.8
110.3
251.3
140.5
115.2
87.7
Larceny-
theft
1. 092. 0
574.3
737.9
796.1
946.9
795.3
794.7
518.4
268.2
196. 1
468.0
526.7
213.3
239.9
257.7
250.4
304.7
379.5
358.3
530.3
293.8
154.7
766.3
649.0
409.5
545.8
439.6
229.5
136.8
286. 8
265.1
175.8
138.4
130.0
' The rate for manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 2 cities.
2 The rate for larceny— theft is based on reports of 1 city.
3 The rates for burglary, larceny— theft and auto theft are based on reports of 2 cities.
« The rate for larceny— theft is based on reports of 4 cities.
10
Data for Individual Cities
In response to a widespread demand for information regarding
crime in individual cities, and in accordance with a recommendation
of the Committee on Uniform Crime Records of the International
Association of Chiefs of Police, there is presented in table 6 the num-
ber of offenses per 100,000 inhabitants in the larger cities of the United
States.
The crime rates appearing in table 6 are based on the number of
offenses reported by the police departments of the cities represented
for the third quarter of 1934. By limiting the current compilation
to the third quarter, it is possible to compare the figures in table 6
with the corresponding figures published for the same cities in the
issues of the bulletin for the first and second quarters of this year.
In comparing the data for one city with those of another, considera-
tion should be given to the fact that variances in crime rates mav be
due to several factors, such as differences in population composition,
climate, economic activities, educational and recreational facilities,
and the number of police emploj^ees per unit of population. It is
believed that the information appearing in the following table should
not be used as a basis for evaluating the efficiency of individual poHce
departments, but should be treated as one source of information re-
garding crime conditions in individual communities.
With reference to the data regarding offenses of manslaughter by
negligence, it is desired to point out that the Committee on Uniform
Crime Records of the International Association of Chiefs of Police
has recognized that there are instances of automobile fatalities in
which it may be difficult for the police to ascertain whether the cir-
cumstances constitute an actual oft"ense of negligent manslaughter.
Accordingly, the committee has recommended that in such cases the
complaint be scored as an actual offense if the prosecuting attorney
authorizes the issuance of a warrant for the arrest of, or the grand jury
indicts, the driver of the automobile involved. This recommendation
has been called to the attention of all contributors of crime reports.
There are, however, some police departments which have not found it
feasible to adopt the recommendation of the committee, and in some
instances it is belie v^ed that the figures reported for negligent man-
slaughter probably include all instances of automobile fatalities.
Similarly, it is believed probable that the practice in scoring larcenies
of articles of trivial value is not entirely uniform throughout the
country. Examination of the figures for larceny indicates the possi-
bility that some police departments include all cases of minor thefts,
whereas others have disregarded them. This matter is referred to
here in order that it may be given appropriate consideration in making
comparisons among the several crime rates appearing in table 6.
Although there is no field supervision in connection with the prepara-
tion of individual reports, the Division of Investigation is constantly
endeavoring to obtain reports uniformly compiled in all respects.
11
Table 6. — Offenses known to the police, July 1-September 30, 1934; rate per
100,000 inhabitants
[Population figures from Federal
City and population
Akron, Ohio, 255,040
Albany, N. Y., 127,412
Baltimore, Md., 804,874
Birmingham, Ala., 259,678
Boston, Mass., 781,188 _..
Bridgeport, Conn., 146,716
Buffalo, N. Y., 573,076
Cambridge, Mass.. 113,643
Canton, Ohio, 104,906
Chicago, 111., 3,376,438 ._
Cincinnati, Ohio, 451,160
Cleveland, Ohio, 900,429
Columbus, Ohio, 290,564
Dallas, Tex., 260,475
Dayton, Ohio, 200,982
Denver, Colo., 287,861
Des Moines, Iowa, 142,559
Detroit, Mich., 1,568,662
Duluth, Minn., 101,463
Elizabeth, N. J., 114,589
El Paso, Tex., 102,421
Erie, Pa., 115,967
EvansviUe, Ind., 102.249
Fall River, Mass., )ft,274
Flint, Mich., 156,492
Fort Wa\-ne, Ind., 114,946
Fort Worth, Tex., 163,447
Gary, Ind., 100,426
Grand Rapids, Mich., 168,592.
Hartford, Conn., 164,072
Houston, Tex., 292,352
Indianapolis, Ind., 364,161
Jacksonville, Fla., 129,549
Jersev City, N. J., 316, 715
Kansas City, Kans., 121,857..
Knoxville, Tenn., 105,802
Long Beach, Calif., 142,032_._
Los Angeles, Calif., 1,238,048..
LouisviUe, Ky., 307,745
Lowell, Mass., 100,234
Lvnn, Mass., 102,320 _
Memphis, Tenn., 253, 143
Miami, Fla., 110,637
Milwaukee, Wis., 578,249
Minneapolis, Minn., 464,356..
Xashville, Tenn., 153,866
Newark, N. J.. 442,337
Xew Bedford, Mass., 112,597 .
New Haven, Conn., 162,655...
Xew Orleans. La., 458,762
New York, N. Y., 6,930,446...
Norfolk, Va., 129.710
Oakland, Calif., 284,063
Oklahoma City, Okla., 185,.389
Omaha, Nebr., 214,006
Peoria, 111., 104,969
Philadelphia, Pa.. 1,950,961...
Pittsburgh, Pa., 669,817 _
Portland, Oreg., 301,815
Providence, R. I., 252,981
Reading, Pa., 111,171
Richmond, Va., 182,929
Rochester, N. Y., 328,132
St. Louis, Mo., 821,960
St. Paul, Minn., 271,606
Salt Lake City, Utah, 140,267 ..
San .\ntonio, Tex., 231,542
.San Diego, Calif., 147,995..
Footnotes at end of table.
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
2.0
1.4
2.1
1.1
0
.9
4.9
0
2.0
.9
1.3
0
4.9
5.0
1.2
.6
11.6
3.3
10.8
.6
2.5
7.6
0
1.2
4.5
6.0
0
8.7
4.5
0
1.3
9.7
0
3.7
1.5
10.8
2.8
3.2
2.8
0
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
2.4
1.1
0
3.8
1.5
.3
2.8
.9
0
4.4
6.8
0
0
0
0
0
1.2
0
0
0
1.4
0
.8
5.1
0
4.7
1.4
1.3
0
0
2.4
4.5
.2
0
.6
5.4
0
0
0
3.3
1.5
.7
0
0
0
Rape
Rob-
bery
17.3
12.7
21.8
7.7
16.7
39.1
96.6
20.8
42.8
45.8
20.7
21.4
52.5
21.0
20.0
21.7
7.0
8.8
12.1
26.4
3.5
32.0
5.2
15.9
29.9
4.7
9.8
39.0
39.5
64.1
7.6
50.9
15.1
15.5
26.2
40.0
3.0
10.8
34.0
13.6
2.6
27.3
37.7
30.1
3.6
8.6
5.4
3.8
27.8
18.7
30.2
17.8
18.1
7.3
28.2
48.0
1.2
8.1
21.9
1.2
19.6
32.4
25.7
30.2
10.1
Aggra-
vated
assault
15.8
6.7
0
23.4
3.5
35.3
18.0
32.1
8.0
29.6
54.1
22.4
5.9
4.9
20.4
0
5.2
12.7
0
11.7
1.7
45.4
1.7
11.6
17.9
3.0
9.1
32.2
16.5
50.9
10.7
7.4
13.2
12.0
0
5.9
81.8
102.1
4.8
63^7
29.2
2.7
2.5
8.3
9.6
60.1
15.1
18.3
8.9
3.8
12.5
12.0
4.4
13.5
39.7
1.4
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter
ing
69.1
205! 3
48.1
127.5
34.7
100.3
208.8
159.2
61.8
90.7
201.0
153.6
95.5
222.3
136.8
65.0
82.8
82.0
119.1
68.1
87.0
113.6
140.6
68.7
195.2
70.7
102.6
129.8
234.6
168.6
211.5
27.2
178.9
136.1
169.0
163.2
216.4
43.9
100.7
148.1
210.6
39.9
112.8
98.1
229.2
144.8
115.0
45.1
192.0
117.9
137.0
27.6
46.7
32.9
33.9
244.9
122.5
80.1
184.2
68.9
68.5
184.1
167.5
172.8
82.4
Larceny-
theft
$50
and
over
43.1
12.6
20.0
25.4
33.7
18.4
10.8
13.2
(')
35.6
37.2
8.4
41.3
13.4
9.5
(1)
15.4
16.2
48.3
18.3
12.7
25.0
12.7
8.7
26.8
11.3
10.4
12.9
14.2
29.9
61.9
133.2
66.4
(2)
0)
27.4
29.6
46.1
44.8
2.0
20.5
(')
16.6
10.8
62.4
(')
18.7
(>.)
(2)
13.9
19.7
(')
11.7
10.5
12.8
14.2
55.7
19.0
7.2
53.0
12.2
«
24.3
22.8
45.3
24.3
Under
$50
125.1
113.0
88.8
66.6
81.7
106.3
63.0
114.4
219.2
111.5
200.2
292. 5
233.7
454.2
331.9
278.3
309.3
360.1
293.7
206.8
244.1
100.9
333.5
91.1
373.2
190.5
299.2
102.6
198.1
257.2
440.9
339.1
463.1
192.0
34.0
316.8
207.9
296.3
71.8
221.9
49.4
(')
170.5
27.6
131.3
180.2
238.0
162.9
56.5
(')
337.7
236.6
261.1
29.9
360.8
208.3
153. 0
293.9
183.0
260.2
257.8
129.7
Table
12
-Offenses known to the police, July 1-September 30, 1934; rate per
100,000 inhabitants — Continued
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny-
theft
City and population
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
$50
and
over
Under
$50
Auto
theft
San Francisco, Calif., 634,394.-.
Scranton, Pa., 143,433
Seattle, Wash., 365,583
Somerville, Mass., 103,908
Spokane, Wash., 115,514
Springfield, Mass., 149,900
Syracuse, N. Y., 209,326
Tacoma, Wash., 106,817....-.-.
Tampa, Fla., 101.161
Toledo, Ohio, 290,718
0.8
2.1
1.4
0
0
2.0
1.0
.9
5.9
2.1
3.5
0
3.3
0
1.8
3.8
0
.7
2.4
2.4
4.2
1.0
.9
0
.5
1.9
2.0
.7
2.1
1.0
1.4
0
0
.9
0
2.2
2.4
1.3
.7
.3
1.0
0
3.3
3.3
2.8
3.0
4.1
0
0
.6
1.0
.9
0
1.0
1.5
1.8
12.5
8.4
32.0
8.7
39.0
2.0
3.3
20.6
12.9
28.2
34.7
5.9
9^0
5.4
6.6
3.1
.7
24.1
7.3
2.1
6.0
0
39.0
10.7
4.8
0
21.7
12.7
18.4
0
12.9
4.0
8.1
15.9
.5
11.9
24.7
93.5
83.7
236.6
66.4
187.0
45.4
63.1
120.8
95.9
127.3
285.3
62.9
140.1
66.1
150.3
55.3
99.8
87! 1
(')
20.9
31.7
9.6
53.7
24.0
(')
7.5
14.8
49.5
65.1
8.8
62.2
2.3.0
15.3
20.6
19.5
5.2
6.5
255.7
60.0
176.4
85.7
448.4
154.8
171.0
236.9
290.6
(0
458.7
134.7
217.1
89.1
394.2
155.7
26.6
22.3
145.3
143.1
50.2
149.9
57.7
145.4
37.4
93.2
122.6
41.5
Tulsa, Okla., 141,258—
Utica N Y 101,740
93.4
51 1
Washington, D. C, 486,869.--.
Waterbury, Conn., 99,902 3
Wichita, Kans., 111,110--
Wilmington, Del., 106,597
Worcester, Mass., 195,311
Yonkers, N. Y., 134,646
Youngstown, Ohio, 170,002--.-
177.7
142.1
46.8
58.2
66.0
22.3
90.0
' Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
2 Not reported.
3 The population of Waterbury as estimated July 1, 1930, by the Bureau of the Census was 100,100.
Offenses Known to Sheriffs and State Police, 1934
It has not been possible to calculate crime rates for rural areas of
the United States, due to the difficulty of ascertaining the population
represented by the reports received from law-enforcement agencies
policing rural areas. However, there is presented below the number
of offenses reported by 66 sheriffs and 6 State police units. It should
be observed that the reports represent only a small fraction of the
rural portion of the United States.
With a view to obtaining more adequate data relative to crime in
rural communities, the Division of Investigation has recently under-
taken to encourage sheriffs in all parts of the country to participate
in the compilation of offenses known to law enforcement officials.
It is anticipated that during the next calendar year it will be possible
to present in this bulletin, figures based on the reports received from
a much larger number of agencies policing rural territory.
Table 7. — Offenses known, January to September 1934, inchisive, as reported by
66 sheriffs and 6 State police troops
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Offenses known.-
69
130
149
320
373
2,224
4,214
749
13
Offenses Known in Possessions of the United States
There is presented in tal)le 8 available information regarding the
number of offenses known to the police in Honolulu (city and county),
the Canal Zone, and Puerto Rico. The figures are based on both
urban and rural areas.
With reference to the figures for the Canal Zone, the Division of
Investigation has been advised that less than one-third of the persons
arrested for ofl'enses committed in the Canal Zone are residents thereof.
In other words, it appears that a large portion of the crime committed
in the Canal Zone is attributable to transients and persons from
neighboring communities.
Table 8. — Offenses known in United States possessions, January to September
1934; number and rate per 100,000
[Population figures from Federal census, Apr. 1, 1930]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny-
theft
Jurisdiction reporting
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Over
$50
Under
$50
Auto
theft
Hawaii:
Honolulu, city and
county, population 202,-
923; number of offenses
known
8
3.9
4
10.1
166
10.8
13
6.4
2
5.1
83
5.4
9
4.4
2
5.1
43
2.8
17
8.4
4
10.1
29
1.9
57
28.1
8
20.3
1,374
89.0
564
277.9
51
129.2
554
35.9
94
46.3
12
30.4
65
4.2
1,331
655.9
148
375.0
2,574
153.8
146
Rate per 100,000
71.9
Isthmus of Panama:
Canal Zone, population
39,467; number of of-
26
Rate per 100,000
65.9
Puerto Rico:
Population 1,543,913;
number of offenses
known
56
Rate per 100,000
3.6
Number of Police Department Employees, 1933
Prior issues of this bulletin have included information regarding the
number of police employees in individual cities with more than 10,000
inhabitants. The information for cities with more than 100,000 in-
habitants appeared in the issue for the first quarter of 1934, and for
cities with from 10,000 to 100,000 inhabitants in the issue for the
second quarter of this year. In the following table there is presented
a compilation showing the average number of police employees per
thousand inhabitants for cities divided into five groups according to
size. The population figures employed were taken from the Federal
census, April 1, 1930.
The average number of employees per thousand inhabitants for
cities in group 1 was obtained by ascertaining the total number of
employees in the police departments of the 36 cities represented.
This figure was then divided by the total population of those 36 cities.
The data for the remaining groups of cities were compiled in a similar
manner.
14
Table 9. — Average
number of police department employees, 19SS
Population group
Average
number of
employees per
thousand
inhabitants
Populauon group
Average
number of
employees per
thousand
inhabitants
GROUP I
36 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion 28,514,404
2.2
1.5
1.3
GROUP IV
174 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total popu-
lation 5,825 810
1 2
GROUP II
67 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
GROUP V
480 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total popu-
GROUP ni
95 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total popu-
lation, 6,133,171
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
During the first 9 months of the calendar year 1934, the Division
of Investigation examined 260,506 fingerprint cards currently received
for information relative to the age, sex, race, and previous criminal
history of individuals arrested by law-enforcement officials through-
out the United States. The number of fingerprint cards received by
the Identification Unit of the Division of Investigation during that
period was of coarse substantially larger than the above number.
However, this compilation is limited to records representing arrests
for violations of State laws and municipal ordinances. Fingerprint
cards representing arrests for violations of Federal laws or commit-
ments to Federal or State penal institutions were not included in this
compilation.
The tabulation of data from fingerprint records obviously does not
include all persons arrested, since there are individuals taken into cus-
tody for whom no fingerprint cards are forwarded to Washington.
Furthermore, data pertaining to persons arrested should not be treated
as information regarding the number of offenses committed, since two
or more persons may be involved in the joint commission of a single
offense, and on the other hand one person may be arrested and charged
with the commission of several separate offenses.
Examination of the records of arrests distributed according to
age groups discloses a rapid increase in the number of individuals
arrested from age 15 to age 19. The figures are as follows:
Age: Number arrested
Under 15 1,098
15 1, 179
16 4,576
17 7,921
18 11, 573
19 13,035
Total under 20 39, 382
It will be observed that the number of arrests of individuals 19
years of age was greater than that for any other single age group,
although arrests of individuals between 20 and 24 years old were
quite numerous, totaling 58,111. The compilation discloses that in
15
addition there were 47,220 arrests of individuals between 25 and 29
years of age. This makes a total of 144,713 (55 percent) less than 30
years old.
More than half of the individuals 19 years of age were charged
with the following offenses:
Criminal homicide 167
Robbery 821
Assault 584
Burglary — breaking or entering 1, 876
Larcenv— theft 2, 231
Auto theft 870
Embezzlement and fraud 144
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing 111
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc 205
Rape - 244
Total 7,253
Of the 260,506 arrest records examined, 18,186 (7 percent) repre-
sented females. In the tables attached hereto may be found the
specific charges placed against them.
Table 10. — Distribution of arrests, btj sex, Jan. 1-Sept. 30, 1934
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering.
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzelement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receivii
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws .
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.-.
Offenses against family and children _
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws.
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
-\11 other offenses
Total-
5,030
10, 995
20, 181
23, 696
35, 369
8,421
7,257
2,623
3,516
3,388
3,400
4,038
2,893
4,714
2,934
6, 545
6,552
1,134
16
2,146
12,217
20, 508
17, 922
3,476
31, 547
3,625
16, 363
260, 506
4,578
10, 522
18, 601
23, 289
32, 412
8,259
6,830
2,410
3,221
3,388
1,105
3,378
2, 547
4,591
2,826
5,888
6,398
1,118
16
2,105
11,017
19, 495
16, 492
3,382
29, 565
3, 401
15, 486
452
473
1,580
407
2,957
162
427
213
295
2,295
660
346
123
108
657
154
16
41
1,200
1,013
1,430
94
1,982
224
877
1.9
4.2
7.7
9.1
13.6
3.2
2.8
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.3
l!l
1.8
1.1
2.5
2.5
4.7
7.9
6.9
1.3
12.2
1.4
6.4
1.9
4.3
7.7
9.6
13.4
3.4
2.8
1.0
1.3
1.4
.5
1.4
L9
1.2
2.4
2.6
.5
(■)
.9
4.5
8.0
6.8
1.4
12.2
1.4
6.4
242, 320
18, 186 100. 0
2.5
2.6
8.7
2.2
16.3
.9
2.3
1.2
1.6
0
12.6
3.6
1.9
.7
.6
3.6
.8
6.6
7.9
.5
11.0
1.2
4.8
100. 0 100. 0
Less than Vio of 1 percent.
16
Table 11. — Arrests by age groups, Jan. 1-Sept. SO, 1934
Offense charged
Not
known
Under
15
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering.
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, re
ceiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercial
ized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing
etc-
Oflenses against family and
children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle
laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated ---
All other offenses
21
181
148
1,314
983
483
19
437
2,056
2,125
167
821
584
1,876
2,231
870
144
111
121
244
626
1,428
1,746
1,354
148
911
1,354
141
805
159
804
742
1,372
1,766
540
162
104
100
211
177
155
59
142
579
514
219
731
795
,291
,667
513
160
92
137
204
252
184
85
82
214
130
607
613
914
130
,586
144
793
Total.
13, 035
Offense charged
25-29 30-34
50 and
over
Total
all ages
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault —
Burglary— breaking or enter-
Larceny — theft
Autotheft .--.
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, re-
ceiving, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting..
1,174
1,647
447
219
1,088
1,518
377
241
1,045
2,333
4,018
1,321
1,241
810
1,404
3,440
2,463
4,581
723
1,402
Prostitution and commer-
cialized vice —
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possess-
ing, etc
Offenses against family and
children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated...
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor ve-
hicle laws
Disorderly conduct.
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other
Total.
142
570
671
850
103
1,534
154
763
11,832
815
130
1,515
178
395
2,301
3,393
3,240
655
6,065
678
2,766
1,224
164
5
1,877
3,400
2, 491
645
4,929
601
2,113
1,517
3,308
346
1,174
308
475
240
354
451
534
465
893
1,000
109
1
211
1,354
497
3,334
433
1,547
2,284
177
941
228
346
190
222
356
347
313
188
1,316
524
1.^
425
1,632
510
1,747
51
720
231
243
219
121
515
285
129
2,556
1,207
397
2,178
257
1,174
11,458
47, 220
37, i
27, 752
19,
72
632
1,797
871
240
1,489
163
742
13, 075
2,589
1,388
286
1,635
226
1,030
5, 030'
10,995
20, 181
23, 696
35, 369
8,421
7,257
2,62a
3,516-
3,388
3,400'
4,038
2,893
4,714
2,934
6,54&
6,552
1,134
16-
2,146
12,217
20, 508
17, 922
3,476
31, 547
3,625
16, 363
16, 909
260, 506
17
In 90,912 (35 percent) instances, the individuals arrested already
had fingerprint cards on file in the Identification Unit of the Division
of Investigation. In addition, there were 5,572 instances in which
the current fingerprint cards bore notations indicating that the indi-
viduals concerned had been previously arrested. This makes a total
of 96,484 instances in which there was available information relative
to previous criminal activities of the individuals represented. In
64,990 (67.4 percent) cases, the records showed that they had been
previously convicted. (This number constitutes 25 percent of the
total of 260,506 arrest records examined during the 9-month period.)
NUMBER OF PERSONS ARRESTED
AGES 16 TO 24
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT CARDS
JANUARY I.- SEPTEMBER 30,1934
n%'>V//A 4.576
yAHW////////7A 7.921
/AGE )^//////////^:mm
K.AO-E' i^y/////////////////////A 13,035
VA<^K¥/////////////////A 1^900
'M^</////////////////////A .1,87^
^A'^K'^^y////////////////////\ .2,049
VMW////////////////////A
Y/MW//////////////////A ...458
The compilation shows further that the majority of the previous con-
victions were for major offenses, as follows:
Criminal homicide 684
Robbery 3,429
Assault 3, 193
Burglary — breaking or entering 8, 881
Larceny — theft 13, 504
Auto theft 2,683
Embezzlement and fraud 2, 092
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing 416
Forgery and counterfeiting 2, 372
Rape 505
Narcotic drug laws 1, 814
Weapons ; carrying, possessing, etc 965
Driving while intoxicated 813
Total 41,351
The above total constitutes 63.6 percent of the previous convictions
disclosed by the records.
18
It is believed of significance to examine the current charges placed
against individuals with previous criminal records. The following
serious charges were among those placed against individuals whose
records showed previous convictions of homicide: Criminal homicide,
24; robbery, 44; assault, 93; burglary^breaking or entering, 31;
larceny — theft, 67; auto theft, 13; emi3ezzlement and fraud, 12; con-
cealed weapons, 24. Similarly, current charges placed against those
with previous convictions of robbery were as follows: Criminal homi-
cide, 58; robbery, 530; assault, 202; burglary — breaking or entering,
301 ; larceny — -theft, 384 ; auto theft, 107 ; embezzlement and fraud, 67 ;
concealed weapons, 70. The complete tabulation of current charges
placed against individuals with previous convictions discloses that
in general the majority were previously convicted of major crimes and
were currently charged with offenses similarly serious in nature.
Table 12. — Number with -previous fingerprint records; arrests, Jan. 1-Sept. 30, 1934
Offense charged
Previous
finger-
print
record
Offense charged
Previous
finger-
print
record
Criminal homicide
Robbery .-
Assault
Burglary— breaking or enter-
ing-
Larceny— theft
Auto theft —
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, re-
ceiving, possessing- _
Forgery and counterfeiting. .
Rape
Prostitution and commer-
cialized vice
other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc
5,030
10, 995
20, 181
23, 696
35, 369
8,421
7,257
2,623
3,516
3,400
4.038
2,893
1,012
4,728
5,755
13, 104
2,897
3,035
642
1,453
726
1,117
973
1,727
1,346
Offenses against family and
children _. _--
Liquor laws -._
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
other tralDc and motor vehi-
cle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total..
2, 934
6,545
6.552
1,134
16
2,146
12,217
20, 508
17, 922
3,476
31, 547
3,625
16, 363
683
1,787
1,281
231
7,952
790
12, 331
1,375
5,306
90, 912
Table 13. — Percentage with previous fingerprint records; arrests, Jan. 1-Sept. 30,
Narcotic drug laws
Vagrancy
Robbery
Embezzlement and fraud
Forgery and counterfeiting
Suspicion
Parking violations '■
Larceny- theft
Burglary— breaking or entering
Disorderly conduct
Autotheft
Drunkenness
Prostitution and commercialized vice
All other offenses
44 4
43.0
37.5
37.0
36.7
36.1
34.4
34.0
32.9
32.4
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Assault
Liquor laws
other traflac and motor vehicle laws....
stolen property; buying, receiving
posse.ssing
other sex offenses
Offenses against family and children..
Gambling
Rape - -
Road and driving laws
Criminal homicide
Driving while intoxicated..
28.6
27! 3
26.4
24.5
24.1
23.3
22.7
21.4
20.4
20.1
19.6
Only 16 fingerprint cards were received representing arrests for violations of parking regulations.
19
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21
Further examination of the available information pertaining to the
64,990 individuals with previous convictions reveals that 2,126 were
currently arrested while on parole. In addition, there were 5,858
instances in which the current arrests were made prior to the expiration
of previous sentences, although the records failed to include any
affirmative showing of paroles. This makes a total of 7,984 arrests
while on parole or prior to the expiration of sentences previously
imposed. This number constitutes 12.3 percent of the 64,990
previous convictions disclosed, and 3.1 percent of the total of 260,506
arrest records examined during the 9-month period.
Of the 7,984 records referred to above, 6,927 indicate that the
pre\"ious convictions were for the offenses listed below:
Criminal homicide 293
Robbery 1,390
Assault 282
Burglary — breaking or entering 2, 131
Larceny— theft 1, 212
Auto theft 613
Embezzlement and fraud 166
Stolen propert}^; buying, receiving, possessing 62
Forgery and counterfeiting 484
Rape 124
Drug laws 114
Weapons ; carrying, possessing, etc 56
Total 6,927
Table 15. — Arrests, persons on parole at time of current arrest, including those
arrested before expiration of a prior sentence (no affirmative showing of parole),
Jan. 1-Sept. SO, 1934
Offense charged
Current ar-
rest in period
of parole
Current ar-
rest in period
of previous
sentence
Total
14
109
72
210
190
87
44
9
33
13
10
10
15
30
12
25
16
6
569
241
864
777
313
47
153
44
26
33
43
133
14
76
35
8
103
678
313
1,074
967
400
Embezzlement and fraud
220
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing - -
56
Forgery and counterfeiting -- -. --
186
Rape
57
36
43
Narcotic drug laws
58
163
Offenses against family and children - -
26
Liquor laws . - . .
101
51
Road and driving laws
14
Parking violations .- .- ._-_- -.
0
13
54
76
77
6
175
35
785
19
206
196
359
19
917
136
365
32
260
272
Vagrancy --
436
25
1,092
Not stated
171
W\ other offenses
1,150
2,126
5,858
7,984
2^
22
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Whites were represented by 187,403 and Negroes by 61,335 of the
records examined. Other races were represented as follows: Indian,
976; Chinese, 843; Japanese, 150; Mexican, 8,036; all others, 1,763.
In order to facilitate comparisons between the number of Negroes
and whites arrested, they have been presented in terms of the number
per 100,000 in the general population of the country. In other
words, of each 100,000 native whites there were 245 such persons
arrested, and the corresponding figure for foreign-born whites is 156.
Similarly, of each 100,000 Negroes in the country there were 762
arrested. The following figures are likewise in the form of the num-
ber of arrests per 100,000 of each of the three groups in the general
population of the country:
Native
white
Foreign-
born white
Negro
3.7
12.4
3.2
10.8
23.6
32.3
4.6
20.7
4.0
3.6
7.7
17.5
20.8
Assault
98.7
WeapoQ"!" carrying possessing, etc
21 4
32.0
Burglary — breaking or entering
70.1
118 2
It should be observed in connection with the foregoing figures that
the immediate descendants of foreign-born whites have been included
in the figures for native whites.
Table 17. — Distribution of arrests occording to race, Jan. 1-Sept. 30, 1934
Offense charged
Negro
Japan-
ese
Mex-
ican
All
others
Total
all races
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault -
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft -
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting.
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
other sex offenses . _
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc...
Offenses against family and children -
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws -.-
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws.
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy _. _.
Gambling..
Suspicion _.
Not stated
All other offenses
3,177
8,061
11,293
17, 195
24, 326
7,002
6,455
2,028
3,182
2,557
2,461
3,312
1,693
2,730
2,529
4,483
5,648
773
7
1,494
8,260
15, 768
13,200
1,950
22, 489
2,879
12, 451
1,672
2,572
7,940
9^508
1,186
711
524
364
1,721
297
1,882
491
277
6
508
3,311
3,352
3,579
1,386
127
214
645
683
1,242
195
37
5,030
10, 995
20, 181
23, 696
35, 369
8,421
7,257
2,623
3,516
3^400
4,038
2,893
4,714
2,934
6,545
6,552
1,134
16
2,146
12, 217
20,508
17, 922
3,476
31, 547
3,625
16, 363
Total.. 187,403 61,335
260, 506
25
Table 18. — Nimiber of arrestt^ of negroes and whites in 'proportion to the number
of each in the general population of the country, Jan. 1-Sept. SO, 1934
[Rate per 100,000 of population, excluding those under 15 years of age]
Offense charged
Native
white
Foreign-
born
white
Negro
Criminal homicide ..-
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Autotheft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape -
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children-
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws.
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling.. _
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
3.:
10. S
12. ■!
23. (
32.;
10. (
8.(
2.;
4.:
3.;
3. J
4.
2.
3.
3.
5.
7.
1.
(>)
1.
10.
21.
18.
2.
30.
3.
16.
4.6
3.6
20.7
7.7
17.5
1.8
5.0
3.5
2.2
2.3
4.0
3.3
7.8
3.8
.5
:■)
1.3
8.7
12.2
8.3
3.0
14.8
2.0
11.8
20.8
32.0
98.7
70.1
118.2
14.7
8.8
6.5
3.3
7.7
10.6
7.7
4.5
21.4
3.7
6^1
3.4
.1
6.3
41.2
41.7
44.5
17.2
99.9
7.8
42.1
156.4
' Less than to of 1 per 100,000.
At the end of September there were 4,529,281 fingerprint records
and 5,660,336 index cards containing names or aliases of individuals
with records on file in the Division of Investigation at Washington.
Of each 100 fingerprint cards received during the first 9 months of
1934, more than 46 were identified with data in the files of the Divi-
sion. During the same period, 3,151 fugitives from justice were
identified through fingerprint records and information as to the
w^hereabouts of those fugitives was immediately transmitted to the
law enforcement officers or agencies desiring to apprehend them.
The number of police departments, peace officers and law enforce-
ment agencies throughout the United States and foreign countries
voluntarily contributing fingerprints to the Division at the end of
September totaled 6,978.
O
'^A
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume V — Number 4
FOURTH QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1934
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D.C.
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1935
ADVISORY
COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM CRIME RECORDS
OF THE
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHIEFS OF POLICE
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department of
Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume 5 January 1935 Number 4
CONTENTS
Classification of offenses.
Extent of reporting area.
Monthly returns:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population.
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1934.
Daily average, offenses known to the police, 1931-34.
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location.
Data for individual cities.
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police.
Offenses known in the possessions.
Daily average, offenses of robbery and burglary. 1930-34.
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1934:
Sex distribution of persons arrested.
Age distribution of persons arrested.
Race distribution of persons arrested.
Percentage with previous fingerprint records.
Number with records showing previous convictions.
Classification of Offenses
The term "offenses known to the poHce" is designed to include
those crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification
occurring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known
to the police through reports of poUce oflficers^ of citizens, of prosecut-
ing or court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the following
group of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience to be
those most generally and completely reported to the police: Criminal
homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegUgent manslaughter, and
(6) manslaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated assault;
burglary-breaking or entering; larceny-theft; and auto theft. The
figures contained herein include also the number of attempted crimes
of the designated classes. Attempted murders, however, are reported
as aggravated assaults. In other words, an attempted burglary or
robbery, for example, is reported in the bulletin in the same manner
as if the crime had been completed.
"Offenses loiown to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the poUce depart-
ments of contributing cities and not merely arrests or cleared cases.
Complaints which upon investigation are learned to be groundless are
not included in the tabulations which follow.
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in
each group, there follows a brief definition of each classification.
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter — includes
all felonious homicides except those caused by negligence. Does not include
attempts to kill, assaults to kiU, justifiable homicides, suicides, or accidental
deaths, (b) Manslaughter by negligence — includes only those cases in which
death is caused by culpable negligence which is so clearly evident that if the
person responsible for the death were apprehended he would be prosecuted for
manslaughter.
(1)
2. Rape.^Includes forcible rape, statutory rape, assault to rape, and attempted
rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person
by force or violence or by putting in fear, such as highway robbery, stick-ups,
robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shoot-
ing, cutting, stabbing, poisoning, scalding, or by use of acids; mayhem, maim-
ing. Does not include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary", housebreaking, safe
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or theft. Includes attempted
burglary and assault to commit a burglary. Burglary followed by a larceny is
entered here and is not counted again under larceny.
6. Larceny — theft {except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value. (6)
Under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, pocket-picking, purse-snatching, shop-
lifting, or any stealing of property or thing of value which is not taken by force
and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement, "con-games",
forgery, passing worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motpr vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the so-called "joy-riding" thefts. Does not
include taken for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or un-
authorized use by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of poHce in different cities,
the Federal Bureau of Investigation does not vouch for its accuracy.
It is given out as current information, which may throw some light
on problems of crime and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
Extent of Reporting Area
The number of city police departments contributing one or more
crime reports during 1934 is shown in the following table. The infor-
mation is presented for the cities divided according to size. The
population figures employed are estimates as of July 1, 1933, by the
Bureau of the Census for cities with population in excess of 10,000.
For the smaller communities the figures listed in the 1930 decennial
census were employed.
Growth in the crime reporting area is evidenced by the following
figures for 1930 to 1934:
Year
Cities
Population
1930
1,127
1,511
1,578
1,658
1,799
45, 929, 965
jg31
51, 145, 734
53, 212, 230
1933
62, 357, 262
1934
62, 757, 643
The above comparison shows that during 1934 there was an increase,
of 141 cities as compared with 1933.
Population group
Total
number
of cities
or towns
Cities filing
returns
Total
popula-
tion
Population repW'
sented in returns
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total.. -
983
871
89
60, 281, 688
57, 689, 275
96
A Cities over 250,000
37
57
104
191
594
36
57
97
175
506
97
100
93
92
85
29, 695, 500
7, 850, 312
6, 980, 407
6, 638, 544
9. 116, 925
29,415,100
7, 850, 312
6. 503, 370
6.114,421
7, 806, 072
09
B Cities 100 000 to 250 000
100
93
D Cities 25 000 to 50,000
92
E Cities 10 000 to 25 000
86
Note —The above table does not include 928 cities and rural townships aggregating a total population
of 5,068,368. The cities included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 population filing returns whereas
the rural townships are of varying population groups.
MONTHLY RETURNS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population
In table 1 there is presented the number of offenses reported for
1934 by the poHce departments of 1,285 cities with an aggregate
population of 56,874,132. For certain offenses the number of reports
included is slightly less, as indicated in the footnotes to the table.
The figures are also presented in the form of the number per 100,000
inhabitants, and there is shown below a percentage distribution of
those crime rates. The percentage distribution is based on the crime
rates rather than the number of offenses in order that it will not be
affected by the variation in the number of reports on which the data
for the individual offense classes are based.
Offense
Rate per
100,000
Percent
Offense
Rate per
100,000
Percent
1. 542. 6
100.0
81.6
49.4
6.7
6.4
5.4
5.3
T arooTW
771.0
334.8
287.3
50.0
21.7
18.6
Murder
0.4
Rape
Manslaughter
0.4
Auto theft
0.4
Table 1 also includes crime rates for the cities divided into six
groups according to size and examination of the data indicates that
on the whole the cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants reported
higher crune rates than the smaller communities.
Of the cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, 74 reported
separate figures for larceny according to the value of the property
stolen. The compilation of that information is presented below:
Larcenj
-theft
Population group
$50 and over
in value
Under $50
in value
27 cities over 250,000; total population 18,590,100:
Number of offenses known
20, 705
111.4
6,116
94.4
122, 643
Rate per 100,000—
47 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total population 6,480,012:
53, 406
The above compilation shows that the police departments of cities
with more than 250,000 inhabitants reported a higher crime rate for
major larcenies than the communities with from 100,000 to 250,000
inhabitants. However, the opposite was true in the case of minor
larcenies.
Table 1.
-Offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive, 1934;
number and rates per 100,000, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
GROUP I
35 cities over 250,000; total popu-
lation, 29,002,500:
Number of offenses known...
Rate per 100,000..
2,112
7.3
GROUP II
62 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,235,012:
Number of offenses known. ..
Rate per 100,000
GROUP III
6 cities, 60,000 to 100,000; total
population, 5,813,182:
Number of offenses known...
Rate per 100,000
145 cities, 25,000 to 50.000; total
population, 5,030,089:
Number of offenses known...
Rate per 100,000.
GROUP V
411 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 6,344,045:
Number of offenses known...
Rate per 100,000....
GROUP VI
656 cities under 10,000; total popu-
lation, 3,449,304:
Number of offenses known..
Rate per 100,000
2,124
7.3
31, 795
109.6
14, 027
48.4
3,737
64.3
2,432
48.3
2,205
34.8
2,352
46.8
2,017
31.8
97, 796
337.2
32, 358
447.2
20, 467
362.1
16, 355
325. 1
15, 453
243.6
7,960
230.8
2 171, 380
795.3
6 64, 789
909.1
51, 459
885.2
3 77, 735
355.8
25, 574
353.5
11,091
220.6
37, 730
594.7
3,513
101.8
Total 1,285 cities; total pop-
ulation, 56,874,132:
Number of offenses
known
Rate per 100,000
i 2, 987
5.4
190, 389
334.8
8 380, 212
771.0
142,823
287.3
1 The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 33 cities with a
total population of 27,274,300.
• The number of offenses and rate for larceny— theft are based on reports of 33 cities with a total popula-
tion of 21,549,300.
3 The number of offenses and rate for auto theft are based on reports of 34 cities with a total population
of 21,848,200.
« The number of offenses and rate for rape are based on reports of 51 cities with a total population of
7,066,512.
• The number of offenses and rate for larceny- theft are based on reports of 51 cities with a total popu-
lation of 7,126,812.
• The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 1,283 cities with
a total population of 55,145,932.
' The number of offenses and rate for rape are based on reports of 1,284 cities with a total population of
56,705,632.
8 The number of offenses and rate for larceny— theft are based on reports of 1,282 cities with a total pop-
ulation of 49,312,732.
• The number of offenses and rate for auto theft are based on reports of 1,284 cities with a total population
of 49.719,832.
Daily Averages, Offenses Known to the Police, 1934
In order to indicate the monthly fluctuation in the number of
major offenses reported during 1934, there are presented in table 2
daily averages based on the reports received from the police depart-
ments of 87 of the larger cities with a combined population of
36,237,512. It should be observed that for certain offense classes,
the averages are based on the number of reports indicated in the
footnotes to the table.
In general, the compilation continues to show the types of fluctua-
tions which were observed in similar compilations for the preceding
years. The averages for murder and aggravated assault are higher
in the second and third quarters of the year than for the first and
fourth periods. On the other hand, the highest averages for negligent
manslaughter, robbery, burglary, and larceny occur in the first and
fourth quarters of the year.
The above statements apply to the averages for the quarterly
periods since the figures for individual months fail to show any
entirely regular variation. This lack of regular variation is Ukewise
evident in the averages for auto theft, but on the whole the figures
for the fourth quarter exceed those for other periods.
The information appearing in the following table is also presented
in figure 1 .
Table 2.
-Daily average, offenses known to the police, 87 cities over 100,000,
January to December, inclusive, 1934
[Total population, 36,237,512, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Censusl
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Month
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
6.7
6.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
7.5
9.3
7.6
8.0
6.8
6.7
8.1
16.7
6.6
5.9
5.3
6.1
5.7
5.1
5.6
6.2
5.8
7.4
8.5
>7.7
6.6
6.6
6.8
6.8
7.7
9.8
7.6
7.4
7.8
6.9
5.8
113.3
112.8
114.8
105.7
87.7
82.4
85.6
96.4
97.6
96.2
106.1
118.3
43.2
42.0
49.7
50.8
53.5
56.6
61.2
64.1
66.0
46.4
47.7
46.1
36l!9
375.0
354.5
321.3
322.1
337.4
354.0
366.1
358.6
372.5
366.7
3 656.8
688.8
638.1
636.8
58413
671.8
634.1
654.3
731.0
761.3
704.7
«298.7
March
292 4
April
May
271.6
271 2
June
July...
August
276 6
September
October
November
309 2
December
January to December..
7.4
6.2
7.0
101.4
60.6
356.6
647.0
283.0
1 Daily averages for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports of 85 cities with a total population
Oi 34,509,312.
s Daily averages for rape are based on reports of 86 cities with a total population of 36,069,012.
8 DaUy averages for larceny— theft are based on reports of 84 cities with a total population of 28,676,112.
* Daily averages for auto theft are based on reports of 86 cities with a total population of 29,083,212.
CHART OF MONTHLY CRIME TRENDS
FOR CITIES OF 100,000 POPULATION AND OVER
DAILY AVERAGE
JANUARY TO DECEMBER 1934
87 CITIES— POPULATION 36.237.512
uuu
1
800
700
60C
500
400
300
200
^LARCENY- THEFT
-
— —
..^
~*^
--
^^^
— *^
■^^
^BURGLARY- BREAKING OR ENTERING
^
^—
EFT
^_
•
—
=-
■
"~
UTO TH
^"^
*^
^ ROBBERY
f 1 1 _
^
100
90
80
70
en
^*«Sii
■
_.—
*•**— .
— ^
«^
^
"^ —
-"-"
"-
^ AGGRAVATED ASSAULT
20
10
^^
<ANS
LAUG
HTE
R B'
i NE
:gli(
BENC
E
/ '
1
R
^
RAPE
i
y V
^^
,*^
i^"**-
-^_^
^-*
'r^'^S,
y
i<:"
^
' ' I^^*^
.....
k«<
K 1 , ,
^
""""•v
^^^
^"^ '
'
'^
^MURDER, NON- NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER
3
?
1
JAN FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC.
Daily Average, Offenses Known to the Police 1931-34
Table 3 indicates the number of offenses reported for each of the
years 1931 to 1934 by the police departments of 71 cities with more
than 100,000 inhabitants with a combined population of 19,969,802.
The data are also presented in the form of daily averages.
The compilation discloses that the number of murders reported
for 1934 (1,610) was substantially less than for 1933 (1,749) but was
in excess of the figures for 1931 and 1932. The same is true with
reference to the figures for aggravated assault. The data for robbery
and auto theft show reductions for the entire period covered by the
table. The robbery figures decrease from 20,765 in 1931 to 15,754
in 1934, and the auto theft figures from 89,835 in 1931 to 66,525 in
1934. With reference to the burglary classification, the compilation
shows that the 1934 figure is in excess of that for 1931 but is below the
figures for 1932 and 1933. Further examination of the compilation
indicates with reference to larceny that there has been a very slight
increase in 1934 as compared with 1933. The figures for both of those
years are somewhat in excess of those for 1931 and 1932.
It will be observed that the tabulation shows a marked decrease in
the number of offenses of negligent manslaughter reported by the police.
In this connection it is desired to point out that it has been learned
that prior to 1934 many police departments included all automobile
fatalities as cases of negligent manslaughter. With a view to ob-
tamlng greater uniformity in the figures for that classification, it was
recommended during 1934 that in cases where there was doubt as to
whether the complaint shoidd be scored as groundless or as an actual
offense, the case should be scored as baseless unless an indictment
was returned against the driver of the automobile. Such unfounded
or baseless complaints are not included in the tabulations appearing
in this bulletin. It will be observed, therefore, that the marked re-
duction in the 1934 figures for negligent manslaughter is probably the
result of a change in the scoring procedure rather than a decrease in
the number of such offenses.
Table 3. — Daily average, offenses known to the police, 71 cities over 100,000,
January to December, inclusive, 1931-34
[Total population 19,969,802
as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Larceny-
theft
Year
Murder,
nonneg-
igent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Number of oflenses known:
1931.
1, 5o0
1,606
1,749
1,610
4.2
4.4
4.8
4.4
1,432
1,132
1,419
966
3.9
3.1
3.9
2.6
1,223
1,257
1,252
1,303
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.6
20, 765
19,914
18, 664
15, 754
56.9
54.4
51.1
43.2
10, 291
9,366
11,487
10, 633
2516
31.5
29.1
70, 656
76, 706
79, 086
74, 891
193.6
209.6
216.7
205.2
158,712
160, 896
171, 434
171, 504
434.8
439.6
469.7
469.9
89,835
75, 597
72, 483
66, 525
246.1
206.5
198.6
182.3
1932
1933 .
1934
Daily average:
1931
1932...
1933..
1934
8
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location
In table 4, there is presented information regarding the number of
police departments whose reports were employed in the compilation
of figures representing crime rates for individual States. This in-
formation is presented so as to show the number of such contributors,
according to size of city, and it is believed it will be helpful in evaluat-
ing the crime data for individual States, since table 1 has indicated
that there is a noticeable tendency for the large cities to report
higher crime rates than the smaller communities. It should further
be observed that in several instances the number of reports entering
into the construction of State rates is quite limited. In some in-
stances the figures for individual States are based on reports from
only 2 to 6 police departments. Obviously, the crime rates based
on such a limited number of reports may differ considerably from
the figures which would result if reports were available from all urban
communities in the State,
In table 5, there are presented the crime rates for the individual
States, together with figures for nine geographic divisions of the
country.
Table 4. — Xumbcr of cities in each State included in the tabulation of uniform
crime reports, January to December, inclusive, 1934
Population
Division and State
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10.000
Total
GEOORAPHIC DIVISION
New England: 149 cities; total population,
5,441,774
2
7
9
3
2
3
3
1
5
12
8
9
5
6
2
5
1
4
10
19
24
6
10
2
7
2
6
26
23
43
10
14
4
9
4
12
54
118
93
50
21
12
18
10
35
45
146
152
63
29
6
25
28
62
149
Middle Atlantic: 321 cities; total population,
17.430.SS8
East North Central: 330 cities; total popula-
tion, 15,113.193
321
330
West North Central: 137 cities; total popula-
137
South Atlantic: ' 82 cities; total population,
3,763,459 _
83
East South Central: 29 cities; total population,
1,613,735
29
West South Central: 67 cities; total popula-
tion, 3,116,828
67
Mountain: 46 cities; total population. 999.792.
Pacific: 124 cities; total population, 5,274,547..
46
124
New England:
Maine...
1
1
1
1
1
12
4
7
8
7
8
13
5
10
7
8
5
4
2
34
3
6
41
29
48
27
11
25
19
11
9
8
3
5
6
1
7
23
4
4
63
46
37
46
10
26
56
14
22
8
9
4
2
8
10
1
' 7'
5
5
13
7
Vermont
10
1
1
8
-.
4
1
3
3
3
1
2
1
1
5
2
1
5
5
9
4
2
7
8
3
83
Rhode Island.- . .
14
Connecticut
22
Middle Atlantic:
New York
3
2
2
2
124
New Jersey
90
107
East North Central:
Ohio
98
32
Illinois
70
Michigan
93
37
West North Central:
Minnesota
34
Iowa
3
2
5
2
1
1
..
25
Missouri
1
21
North Dakota .
8
South Dakota
8
Nebraska
1
2
1
1
16
Kansas .
25
South Atlantic:
2
Maryland
1
2
4
2
2
1
..
3
1
5
3
6
4
Virginia
2
1
2
4
1
2
1
19
West Virginia
12
North Carolina
17
South Carolina
2
3
3
3
1
1
7
2
2
7
7
1
1
2
4
1
5
6
3
2
1
1
1
15
8
4
3
2
7
1
4
5
2
3
6
53
10
Florida
3
2
15
East South Central:
1
1
1
11
6
Alabama
1
1
6
Mississippi
7
West South Central:
Arkansas...
1
1
5
1
2
2
4
1
5
1
2
3
7
26
Texas
2
29
Mountain:
6
Idaho
4
Wyoming-
4
1
1
1
1
14
New Mexico
3
Arizona .
1
5
Utah
1
1
" i'
7
4
24
7
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington
1
1
3
2
2
1
9
15
12
California
2
6
97
' Includes District of Columbia.
10
Table 5. — Rate 'per 100,000 offenses known to the police, January to December,
inclusive, 193 A
Division and State
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
entering
Lar-
ceny-
theft
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England i
Middle Atlantic '
East North Central s
West North Central
South Atlantic ' ^
East South Central
West South Central
Mount:un
Pacific"
New England:
Maine
New Hampshire-
Vermont
Massachusetts.. -
Rhode Island
Connecticut '
Middle Atlantic:
New York »
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
East North Central:
Ohio'
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central:
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska.
Kansas
South Atlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina..
South Carolina—
Georgia
Florida •»..
East South Central:
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
West South Central:
Arkansas -
Louisiana.
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain:
Montana.
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington »,_.
Oregon
California 12
1.6
4.0
6.0
6.1
15.9
27.3
18.3
5.8
3.9
3.4
2.8
10.2
2.0
4.6
6.4
7.7
11.0
5.8
22.6
8.1
29.0
24.9
20.4
17.7
18.7
32.9
15.7
11.6
20.6
4.2
6.8
7.7
5.4
8.9
15.5
2.3
152.6
83.9
79.0
130. 1
82.8
119.1
83.2
21.6
156.7
191.5
86.6
25.0
29.2
284.4
147.4
373.8
353. 0
438.4
.585. 0
503.5
656.5
568. 6
545. 2
343.1
794.1
834.0
1,011.2
710.0
1, 221. 1
1, 388. 8
1, 192. 9
4.0
.6
0
2.4
1.9
2.9
10.4
12.8
4.2
.5
1.6
4.0
1.0
1.9
0
1.6
2.7
2.1
5.2
2.8
15.1
0
1.4
9.7
8.5
11.4
4.7
15.8
2.3
2. 1
6.9
0
0
3.5
2.2
16.8
0
0
5.7
1.3
.5.7
3.8
9.0
.2
3.8
8.0
5.4
5.6
4.9
5.0
4.9
10.2
3.5
2.9
2.9
11.5
5.0
10.8
4.6
6.1
7.6
6.8
3.6
4.5
5.4
1.8
2.8
6.2
2.3
7.2
6.0
8.5
0
1.9
4.8
2.2
9.0
5.6
14.8
1.4
2.7
9.4
6.3
6.2
5.6
32.4
6.6
35.9
17.2
51.8
43.6
101.0
316.7
54.0
13.0
94.0
61.7
49.1
105.3
27.5
60.8
73.4
54.5
76.0
63.8
51.6
103.0
172.7
158. 0
124.0
52.2
105. 6
82.8
50.7
81.9
32.5
15.5. 8
57.5
193.3
83.7
80.0
109.9
162.8
69. 3
40.4
6.2
8.5
17.5
26.1
13.0
33.4
52.4
31.5
48.6
50.7
49.8
41.4
8.1
7.7
12.9
38.0
6.0
13.0
22.8
10.0
268.2
5.5.2
518.5
86.5
108.6
152.9
198.0
240.5
118.1
176.0
86.4
60.2
49.9
110.4
8.5
27.3
17.2
20.3
8.9
63.1
33.6
11.8
30.4
17.8
30.2
158. 6
8.5.5
283.1
262. 6
354.9
92.8
380.5
354.2
363.5
536.1
250.6
153. 3
365. 2
303.9
360.5
299.0
208.0
493. 7
243.7
252.1
535. 8
261.8
476.9
401.2
362. 4
683.9
705.2
509.1
624.7
207.6
462.6
238.5
616.3
568.3
362. 0
352.8
329.2
784.3
502.3
■ 634'. 7
746.3
786.5
826. 2
497.6
400.6
209. 7
191.6
516.6
725. 2
652.2
451.3
437.4
231.8
907.5
980.8
531. 7
1, 046. 2
643.4
463.4
886. 0
1, 058. 5
555.2
706.6
750.0
1,165.6
404. 5
1, 387. 3
550.7
2, 237! 6
1,403.1
1, 535. 5
1,230.5
379. 5
520.7
415.3
988.2
534.3
1, 199. 8
1,515.6
1, 793. 0
1, 301. 8
1! 298! 3
1, 407. 4
1,944.5
l!89s!4
1, 342. 7
1, 622. 9
1,116.7
J The rate for rape is based on reports of 148 cities with a total population of 5,273,274.
« The rates for larceny— theft and auto theft are based on reports of 320 cities, population 10,276,588.
3 The rate for larceny— theft is based on reports of 329 cities with a total population of 14.814,293.
* The rate for larceny— theft is based on reports of 81 cities with a total population of 3,655,259.
« Includes report of District of Columbia.
« The rate for manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 122 cities, population 3,546,347.
' The rate for rape is based on reports of 21 cities.
« The rates for larceny— theft and auto theft are based on reports of 123 cities.
* The rate for larceny— theft is based on reports of 97 cities,
•o The rate for larceny— theft is based on reports of 14 cities.
" The rate for manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 14 cities.
" The rate for manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 96 cities.
11
Table 5A iacludes for the six States which are represented by the
largest number of contributors of crime reports, the number of
offenses per 100,000 inhabitants for the cities divided into six groups
according to size. The grouping of the cities is similar to that
employed in table 1. Tlie number of police departments whose
reports were employed in the compilation of each set of figures may
be ascertained by referring to table 4.
Table 5A. — Offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive, 1934;
number per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
State and population group
CALIFORNIA
Group I '.
Group II—
Group III.
Group IV.
Group V_.
Group VI.
Group I-..
Group II--
Group III.
Group IV.
Group v..
Group VI.
Group I.
Group II-
Group Ill-
Group IV-
Group V.-
Group VI-
NEW JERSET
NEW YORK
Group 1 2.
Group II—
Group Ill-
Group IV-
Group V-.
Group VI-
Group 13..
Group II-
Group Ill-
Group IV-
Group V_-
Group VI-
PENNSYtVANU
Group I— -
Group II--
Group III.
Group IV-
Group V-.
Group VI-
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
16.2
10.2
7.1
14.0
12.5
10.8
Rape
12.3
5.0
6.4
5.2
5.6
5.1
13.7
10.9
7.2
3.1
6.2
4.9
2.6
5.9
4.5
5.1
10.4
5.9
Rob-
bery
66.4
42.4
36.4
29.5
70.9
44.1
83.1
33.1
50.2
26.8
37.4
20.6
18.0
21.6
18.1
10.6
11.4
7.1
125.9
104.9
62.3
55.8
45.9
34.0
52.6
41.9
44.8
26.1
19.0
40.4
Aggra-
vated
37.4
19.2
28.8
18.6
14.5
18.7
57.8
61.8
24.6
12.9
9.5
10.2
82.3
17.0
46.6
38.2
34.0
33.2
34.4
14.3
13.1
57.4
80.7
12.5
36.7
16.9
25.9
38.0
14.7
27.2
29.4
21.8
30.8
glary—
break-
524.1
517.5
508.0
530.5
395.7
354.6
213. 1
343.8
410.0
269.5
159. 5
147.1
569.4
352.8
433.8
249.0
218.6
185.5
61.3
259.3
205.9
176.1
197.4
150.7
407.2
406.1
245.2
293.3
253.5
211.0
140.0
330.3
191.7
179.9
121.6
124.3
Lar-
ceny-
theft
1,113.8
1, 002. 8
1, 506. 2
930.4
1, 033. 4
960.2
1,312.2
1, 102. 6
1, 127. 5
755.6
348.5
260.5
415.3
715.9
775.0
258.0
340.7
311.6
185.4
409.1
370.0
284.5
183.9
184.9
Auto
theft
487.5
419.4
418.3
322. a
246.2
227. »
229. e
264.1
263.0
198.2
103.1
40.6
348.4
210.3
198.7
112.2
7210
427.5
184.9
512.1
239.0
492.9
196.8
716.6
135.0
421.5
117.6
219.8
63.9
119.6
337.1
975.2
311.3
580.4
121.1
770.6
221.3
633.3
156.1
328.3
83.9
186. 1
239.0
206.9
176.2
76.4
77.9
1 The rate for manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 2 cities.
2 The rates for larceny— theft and auto theft are based on reports of 2 cities.
3 The rate for larceny— theft is based on reports of 4 cities.
12
Data for Individual Cities
In presenting, in accordance with the recommendation of the Com-
mittee on Uniform Crime Records of the International Association of
Chiefs of PoHce, the number of offenses reported during the calendar
year 1934 by the police departments of cities with more than 100,000
inhabitants, the Federal Bureau of Investigation desires to recommend
caution in the use of these figures for purposes of comparing the amount
of crime in one city with the amount in other communities. It is felt
that the proper function of the information appearing in table 6 is to
serve as a source of information to the general public in each com-
munity regarding the number of major offenses reported by its police
department, and doubtless it will be found desirable to make com-
parisons with the average figures presented in table 1. Generally
speaking, however, it is more important to consider whether the
amount of known crime in a given city is increasing or decreasing, in
comparison mth prior periods, than to attempt comparisons with the
figures for other cities. More thought should be given to the question
whether the amount of known crime approximates a satisfactory
standard for the individual community, considering all of the local
factors affecting the problem, which may be operative in other com-
munities to a greater or lesser degree. In other words, the amount of
crime in a community depends upon a large number of factors, all of
which should be given consideration when an analysis is being made of
local crime problems. It should definitely be remembered that on the
whole crime is a community problem, chargeable to the entire com-
munity rather than to law-enforcement officials only. For this reason
the Federal Bureau of Investigation recommends strongly against the
use of figures appearing in the following table as the sole measure
of the efficiency of a law-enforcement organization.
With reference to the figures for manslaughter by negligence, it is
desired to point out that during 1934 the Committee on Uniform Crime
Records of the International Association of Chiefs of Police recom-
mended that in connection with reports of negligent manslaughter
which the police had difficulty in scoring as unfotinded complaints or
as actual offenses, it would be acceptable to score as unfounded those
cases of automobile fatalities in which the driver of the automobile was
not indicted, and to score as actual offenses cases in which indictments
were returned. This recommendation was made because prior thereto
apparently there had been considerable lack of uniformity in scoring
complaints based upon automobile fatalities. Nevertheless, examina-
tion of the figures in table 6, representing negligent manslaughters,
will indicate in some instances the probability that the figures include
all cases of automobile fatahties. It has, however, been thought
desirable to pubhsh the figures as reported by individual police
departments.
In examining a compilation of crime figures for individual com-
munities, it should be borne in mind that in view of the fact that the
data are compiled by different record departments, operating under
separate and distinct administrative systems, it is entirely possible
there may be variations in the practices employed in classifying com-
plaints of offenses. On the other hand, the crime reporting manual
has been distributed to all contributors of crime reports, and the
figures received are included in this bulletin only if they are apparently
compiled in accordance with the provisions of the manual and the
individual department has so indicated.
13
Table 6. — Number of o
known to the police, January to December,
inclusive, 1934
City
Criminal homicide
Murder,
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Eape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
Under
$50
Akron, Ohio
Albany, N. Y
Baltimore, Md
Birmingham, Ala
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, Conn
Buffalo, N. Y
Cambridge, Mass
Canton, Ohio
Chicago, lU...
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Columbus, Ohio
DaUas, Tex...
Dayton, Ohio
Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa...
Detroit, Mich
Duluth, Minn.-
Elizabeth, N. J
El Paso, Tex
Erie, Pa
Evansville, Ind
Fall River, Mass
Flint, Mich
Fort Wayne, Ind
Fort Worth, Tex
Gary, Ind -
Grand Rapids, Mich
Hartford, Conn
Houston, Tex
Indianapolis, Ind
Jacksonville, Fla
Jersey City, N. J
Kansas City, Kans.-
Knoxville, Tenn
Long Beach, Calif...
Los .\ngeles, Calif. —
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Lynn, Mass...
Memphis, Tenn
Miami, Fla
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn
Nashville, Tenn
Newark, N. J
New Bedford, Mass...
New Haven, Conn
New Orleans, La
New York, N. Y
Norfolk, Va
Oakland, Calif
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Omaha, Nebr
Peoria, 111
Philadelphia, Pa
Pittsburgh, Pa
Portland, Oreg..
Providence, R. I
Reading, Pa.
Richmond, Va
Rochester, N. Y
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn
Salt Lake City, Utah..
San Antonio, Tex
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif. . .
Scranton, Pa
Seattle, Wash
Somerville, Mass
Spokane, Wash
Springfield, Mass
Syracuse, N. Y.
29
25
25
10
7
15
7
228
1
7
15
1
11
13
24
4
6
4
13
35
11
1
11
12
5
7
228
18
10
6
17
529
212
473
90
165
62
139
14,444
298
1,473
549
208
187
646
118
1.182
13
121
40
161
134
29
82
430
656
301
73
319
44
117
1,413
629
23
47
548
128
65
672
279
564
19
62
168
1,250
139
252
240
153
46
665
2,117
411
253
233
476
185
61
15
72
34
317
444
18
22
180
2,409
319
141
1,063
359
2,119
2,076
1,807
758
898
393
766
22, 606
1,206
3,312
2,231
1,667
627
2,845
767
3,651
334
416
465
484
316
487
658
281
1,227
306
611
792
2,770
2,314
943
301
876
646
1,163
8,247
2,880
178
438
1,491
1,121
842
1,914
638
4,066
526
684
815
3,099
1,081
1,447
803
407
136
2,762
1,028
3,036
942
333
1,281
964
2,041
1,682
988
1,615
478
2,392
420
3,518
276
1,028
347
676
101
248
90
(')
4,291
591
156
61
78
41
78
202
676
2,047
463
61
(')
90
151
2,716
690
20
94
8
411
196
392
(')
75
210
0)
Q)
63
244
(>)
116
746
197
54
402
158
(')
239
126
(')
80
621
42
332
123
(')
1,386
561
2,949
794
3,516
753
1,634
490
1,023
14,400
3,703
11,638
3,095
6,611
2,648
3,471
1,881
20,968
1,144
750
846
397
1,078
331
2,104
1,066
2,495
368
1,411
1,708
6,568
4,737
2,378
114
976
171
1,821
11, 826
3,788
251
912
544
3,968
490
252
2,464
1,884
9,158
ll415
2,741
992
7,248
374
3,161
322
2,152
912
1,614
• Larcenies not separately reported.
'Not reported.
Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
14
Table 6. — -Number of offenses known to the police, January to December,
inclusive, 1934 — Continued
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
City
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
$50 and
over
Under
$50
Acto
theft
Tacoma, Wash
Tampa, Fla
2
13
18
19
62
1
6
12
1
2
15
5
5
10
6
2
39
6
30
10
6
17
6
5
2
5
15
5
72
43
289
179
29
49
43
29
23
186
4
170
103
109
13
240
17
35
51
6
51
125
730
344
1,318
1,558
300
2,636
235
566
260
668
188
590
42
54
457
303
60
1,182
89
64
96
175
21
36
1,062
989
(2)
2,174
608
4,674
366
2,237
654
231
142
1,075
488
235
1,340
Tulsa, Okla
461
Utica, N. Y
Washington, D. C
Waterbury, Conn
Wichita, Kans
200
3,245
480
179
Wilmington, Del _
3
263
762
Yonkers, N. Y
Youngstown, Ohio
13
4
103
511
1 Larcenies not separately reported.
' Not reported.
Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
Offenses Known to Sheriffs, State Police, and Other Rural Officers, 1934
Due to the numerous difi&culties connected with obtaining accurate
figures regarding the population area covered by crime reports re-
ceived from officers poKcing rural territory, it has not been considered
practicable to attempt to present crime rates for rural areas. How-
ever, there is shown in the following table available information
regarding the number of known offenses as reported by 53 sheriffs,
7 State police units, and 86 law enforcement agencies in villages
which are classed as rural in character by the Bureau of the Census.
During the latter part of 1934, the Federal Bureau of Investigation
initiated a movement to obtain crime reports from the majority of
sheriffs throughout the country, and it is anticipated that during 1935
it will be possible to present information regarding the number of
known offenses for a much larger portion of the rural territory in the
United States.
Table 7. — Offenses known, January to December 1934, inclusive, as reported by
53 sheriffs, 7 State police units, and 86 village officers
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auta
theft
Offenses known
97
129
237
478
452
3,765
7,566
2,895.
15
Offenses Known in Possessions of the United States
The system of uniform crime reporting provides for the collection
of data from law enforcement agencies in the various possessions of
the United States, and there is presented in table 8 available informa-
tion regarding the number of offenses known to the police in Hawaii
County, Honolulu (city and county), Territory of Hawaii; the Canal
Zone; and Puerto Rico. The figures are based on both urban and
rural areas and the population figures from the 1930 decennial census
are indicated in the table.
In connection with the figures presented for the Canal Zone, it
should be stated that the Federal Bureau of Investigation has been
advised that less than one-third of the persons arrested for offenses
committed in the Canal Zone are residents thereof. It appears, there-
fore, that a large proportion of the crime committed in the Canal Zone
is attributed to transients and persons from neighboring communities.
Table 8. — Offenses known in United States possessions, January to December 1934
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
&-
ingor
enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
Jurisdiction reporting
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
Slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Over
$50
Under
$50
Auto
theft
Hawaii:
Hawaii County,
population, 73,325;
number of offenses
known
2
11
4
227
1
15
3
107
5
18
3
52
27
5
36
6
75
10
1,867
29
790
72
734
4
122
17
75
124
1,834
205
3,448
11
Honolulu, city and
county, popula-
tion, 202,923; num-
ber of offenses
known
228
Isthmus of Panama:
Canal Zone, popula-
tion, 39,467; number of
offenses known
Puerto Rico: Popula-
tion, 1,543,913; number
of offenses known
36
73
Offenses of Robbery and Burglary, 1930-34
In order to make possible comparisons with the data for prior
periods, there are presented in table 9 figures showing the number
of offenses of robbery reported for the years 1930 to 1934 by the
pohce departments of 583 cities with an aggregate population of
32,174,189. To facilitate comparisons from month to month the
figures are presented in the form of daily averages.
The figures for each year reveal a distinct seasonal variation in the
number of robberies committed, the high points occurring in the
first and fourth quarters of the year. The compilation discloses a
substantial increase from 90.3 in 1930 to 108.8 m 1931. The daily
averages for the next 3 years are 110.2, 101.1, and 91.1 respectively.
The percentage of increase from 1930 to 1931 is 20.5, and this is
followed by an increase of 1.3 percent during the next year. How-
ever, the 1933 average shows a decrease of 8.3 percent from the 1932
figure, and in 1934 the decrease in comparison with the preceding
year is 9.9 percent. With reference to the large increase indicated
by the average for 1931, it is desired to point out that the compila-
tion of uniform crime reports was begun in 1930, and it is possible
16
that a portion of the increase disclosed during 1931 is due to more
complete reporting.
Table 9 also includes separate averages for the cities with more
than 100,000 inhabitants and for the smaller communities. The
averages for the 61 cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants show
substantially the same variations as are shown by the figures referred
to in the preceding paragraph. However, the data for the smaller
communities show an increase of only 4.2 percent in 1931, which is
followed by substantial decreases in 1932 (10.3 percent) and 1934
(15.8 percent). The average for 1933 shows a decrease of 3.2 percent,
as compared with 1932.
The data appearing in table 9 are presented graphically in figure 2.
In table 10 there is presented a compilation of burglary data for the
period 1930 to 1934. The cities whose reports were employed are the
same as those used in compiling data for table 9. For the total of 583
cities included in this compilation, the daily average number of bur-
glaries increased from 243.2 in 1930 to 306.6 in 1931. The daily
average for 1932 was 344.7, an increase of 38.1 (12.4 percent) over the
preceding year. In 1933 there was a decrease amounting to 3.3 per-
cent, which was followed by a slight increase (0.2 percent) in 1934.
It is desired to point out here, as was done in connection with the
robbery compilation, that part of the increase shown during 1931 may
be due to more complete reporting, since 1930 was the first year in
which uniform crime reports were compiled.
The averages for the 61 cities udth more than 100,000 inhabitants
show variations, which foUow closely the increases and decreases
shown by the averages^^for the total of 583 cities. The same is true
with reference to the figures for the smaller communities, except that
the increase in 1931 was smaller (19.1 percent) and the decrease in
1933 was slightly larger (4.8 percent).
The burglary averages likewise show for each year a seasonal trend,
with the high points generally appearing in the first and fourth quarters.
However, this tendency is much less marked than in the case of the
robbery figures.
The daily averages appearing in table 10 are also presented graph-
ically in figure 3.
17
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20
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
During the calendar year 1934 the Federal Bureau of Investigation
examined 343,582 arrest records, as disclosed by fingerprint cards
received from law enforcement officials throughout the United States,
and obtained considerable significant information regarding the age,
sex, race, and previous criminal history of the individuals represented.
The total number of fingerprint cards received during the year was, of
course, much larger than the above figure, but this compilation has
been limited to instances of arrests for violations of State laws and
municipal ordinances. In other words, fingerprint cards representing
arrests for violations of Federal laws or representing commitments to
penal institutions have been excluded from this compilation.
The tabulation of data from fingerprint records obviously does not
include all persons arrested, since there are individuals taken into
custody for whom no fingerprint cards are forwarded to Washington.
Furthermore, data pertaining to persons arrested should not be treated
as information regarding the number of offenses committed, since
two or more persons may be involved in the joint commission of a
single offense, and on the other hand one person may be arrested
and charged with the commission of several separate offenses.
During the year there were 6,636 persons arrested and charged
with criminal homicide. In addition, the following serious offenses
were among those charged: Robbery, 14,377 ; assault, 25,902 ; burglary,
30,894; larceny, 47,450; auto theft, 11,071; embezzlement and fraud,
9,576; weapons (carrying, possessing, etc.), 6,191. The compilation
discloses that 42,332 persons were arrested on suspicion, 24,142 for
vagrancy, 27,285 because of drunkenness and 15,852 for disorderly
conduct. In addition, 4,501 were arrested because of violation of
traffic and motor veliicle regulations. This makes a total of 114,112
cases in which the charges were minor in character. The remaining
229,470 cases represent instances in which the persons arrested were
charged with substantial offenses against the person, property, or
society.
Females were represented by 23,645 (6.9 percent) of the records
examined. They were most frequently arrested on the following
charges: Larceny, 4,014; prostitution and commercialized vice, 3,022;
assault, 1,994; vagrancy, 1,858; disorderly conduct, 1,472; drunken-
ness, 1,343. In addition, 566 females were charged with criminal
homicide and 614 with robbery.
21
Table 11. — Distribution of arrests by sex, Jan. l~Dec. 31, 1934
Offense charged
Number
Percent
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
6,636
14, 377
25,902
30. 894
47, 450
11,071
9,676
3,429
4,718
4,399
4,536
5,108
3,918
6,191
3,772
8,493
8,657
1,567
20
2,914
15,852
27,285
24,142
4,559
42, 332
4,615
21, 169
6,070
13, 763
23, 908
30, 378
43, 436
9,' 034
3,164
4,342
4,399
1,514
4,304
3,440
6,032
3,630
7,674
8,455
1,545
20
2,858
14, 380
25, 942
22,284
4,440
39,641
4,335
20, 083
666
614
1,994
516
4,014
205
642
265
376
1.9
4.2
7.5
9.0
13.9
3.2
2.8
1.0
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.1
1.8
1.1
2.5
2.5
.5
(■)
.8
4.6
7.9
7.0
1.3
12.4
1.3
6.2
1.9
4.3
7.5
9.6
13.5
3.4
2.8
1.0
1.4
1.4
.5
1.3
1.1
1.9
1.1
2.4
2.6
.5
(')
.9
4.5
8.1
7.0
1.4
12.4
1.4
6.2
Robbery
2 6
Larceny — theft
16 9
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessmg
Forgery and counterfeiting ^
1.1
1.6
Prostitution and commercialized vice -. . -
3,022
804
478
159
142
819
202
22
12 8
Other sex offenses
3 4
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
7
Ofreris*»s f cBJrist ffvniily ard children
e
Driving while intoxicated - - -
9
Road and driving laws
\
Ot.hflr traffic AnH mntfir vphidp Ifvws
56
1,472
1,343
1,858
119
2,691
280
1,086
2
Disorderly conduct
6 2
Vagrancy .
7 8
Gambling
5
Not stated
1 2
Total
343, 582
319,937
23, 645
100.0
100.0
100 0
' Less than Ho of 1 percent.
Examination of the persons arrested, distributed according to age
groups, indicates a rapid increase from age 15 to age 19, the figures
being as follows:
. Number
Age: arrested
15 1,512
16 6,046
17 10,318
18 15, 174
19 17,304
For ages from 20 to 24 the number arrested for a single group varies
from 14,514 to 15,939. The compilation discloses there were 51,824
(15.1 percent) under 20 years of age, 77,086 (22.4 percent) between the
ages of 20 and 24, and 62,409 (18.2 percent) between 25 and 29 years
of age. This makes a total of 191,319 (55.7 percent) less than 30 years
old.
As has been indicated by the preceding figures, the number of
19-year-old persons arrested exceeded the number for any other
single age group. A large proportion of them were charged with
major crimes, as indicated by the following figures:
Criminal homicide 219
Robbery 1, 086
Assault 780
Burglary 2,411
Larceny 2, 940
Auto theft 1, 145
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 259
22
The age distribution of males arrested was substantially the same-
as that for all persons represented in the compilation. However^
for females it appears the largest number of arrests occurred at age 23.
There is a smaller proportion of females under 20 years of age, with
corresponding increases in the proportions between the ages of 20 and
24, and 25 and 29. The percentages are 12.8, 29.8, and 21.9, respec-
tively. This makes a total of 64.5 percent of the females arrested who
were less than 30 years of age, as compared with 55.7 percent for all
persons represented in this compilation.
23
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24
More than 35 percent (120,883) of the persons whose arrest records
were examined during the year had previous fingerprint cards on file in
the Identification Unit of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In
addition, there were 6,975 cases in which the current arrest records
bore notations indicating that the persons had been previously ar-
rested, making a total of 127,858 cases in which there was available
some information regarding the previous criminal histories of the per-
sons involved. In 85,351 cases the records disclosed previous con-
victions. This constitutes 66.8 percent of the records containing any
information regarding prior criminal histories and 24.8 percent of the
total arrest records examined during the year. A large proportion of
NUMBER OF PERSONS ARRES
AGES 16 TO 24
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT
JANUARY 1- DECEMBER 31, 193
TED
CARDS
4
6.046
10,318
15,174
17034
14,514
15,809
15,939
15606
15218
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Figure 4
the convictions were for major offenses, as is indicated by the folIo\ving
figures:
Criminal homicide 909
Robbery 4, 394
Assault 4, 184
Burglary 11, 557
Larceny 17, 634
Auto theft 3, 499
Embezzlement and fraud 2, 685
Stolen property (receiving, etc.) 559
Forgery and counterfeiting 3, 079
Rape 631
Drug laws 2, 427
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 1, 274
Driving while intoxicated 1, 084
Total.. 53, 916
25
In many instances the individuals whose records disclosed previous
convictions were currently charged wath serious crimes. To illustrate,
of the 909 persons previously convicted of criminal homicide, the
following charges were currently placed against them:
Criminal homicide 30
Robbery 59
Assault 112
Burglary 42
Larceny (and related offenses) 134
Forgery and counterfeiting 6
Rape 9
Drug laws 5
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 35
Driving while intoxicated 10
Total 442
Complete data as to the current charges placed against individuals
with previous convictions may be found in the following table:
Table 13.
-Numher with previous fingerprint records,
Jan. 1-Dec. 81, 1934
arrests — -male and female —
Offense charged
Total
Previous
finger-
print
record
Offense charged
Total
Previous
finger-
print
record
6,636
14,377
25, 902
30, 894
47, 450
11,071
9,576
3,429
4,718
4,399
4,536
5,108
3,918
6,191
1,322
6,312
7,479
11, 492
17, 577
3,792
4,005
851
1, 965
971
1,572
1,226
2,353
1,818
Offenses against family and chil-
3,772
8,493
8,657
1,567
20
2,914
15, 852
27, 285
24, 142
4,559
42, 332
4,615
21, 169
889
Assault
Liquor laws
2,342
Burglary— breaking or entering..
Larceny — theft
Driving while intoxicated-
Road and driving laws
1,72a
324
Auto theft
Parking violations
6
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiv-
other traffic and motor vehicle
laws
790
ins. Dossessine
Disorderly conduct
5,736
9,411
10, 775
Prostitution and commercialized
Gambling
1,065
16,342
Other sex offenses
Not stated
1,746
Narcotic drug laws
All other offenses
7,002
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc
Total
343, 582
120,883
Table 14.
-Percentage with previous fingerprint records, arrests — male and female
Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1934
Offense
Percent
Offense
Percent
Narcotic drug laws
60.1
44.6
43.9
41.8
41.6
38.6
37.2
37.0
36.2
34.7
34.5
34.3
30.1
30.0
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Assault
29 4
Vagrancy
28 9
Robbery
27.6
Embezzlement and fraud
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possess-
27.1
24.8
Burglary — breaking or entering
Other sex offenses
24 Q
Offenses against family and children
Gambling
Disorderly conduct
2.3.4
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Rape
22.1
20.7
Auto theft -
Driving while intoxicated
19.9
All other offenses-
Criminal homicide
19 9
Parking violations
2|
26
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28
Further examination of the data relative to the previous criminal
histories of persons arrested indicates that 2,597 of them were on
parole at the time. In addition, there were 7,696 cases in which the
current arrests occurred prior to the expiration of sentences previously-
imposed, although there was no affirmative showing of parole. This
makes a total of 10,293 arrests prior to the expiration of previous
sentences, which constitutes 12.1 percent of the 85,351 previous
convictions disclosed by the records and 3.0 percent of the 343,582
arrest records examined during the year. The following current
charges were among those placed against persons arrested while on
parole:
Criminal homicide 14
Robbery 126
Assault 86
Burglary 240
Larceny (and related offenses) 384
Forgery and counterfeiting 45
Rape 16
Drug laws 16
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 33
The data compiled relative to the 10,293 persons arrested before
the expiration of previous sentences discloses that 8,947 of them' were
previously convicted of the following offenses:
Criminal homicide 380
Robbery 1,788
Assault 353
Burlgary 2, 798
Larceny (and related offenses) 2, 610
Forgery and counterfeiting 606
Rape 155
Drug laws 151
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 76
Driving while intoxicated 30
Of the 23,645 females arrested, only 22.2 percent had previous
finger print cards on file, as compared with 35.2 percent for all persons
involved in the compilation. Similarly, females numbered only 3.8
percent of the 85,351 previous convictions foimd in the records,
although they constituted 6.9 percent of the total persons whose arrest
records were examined during the year. Further, females nurnbered
only 1.9 percent of the 10,293 persons arrested prior to the expiration
of sentences previously imposed.
29
Table 16. — Arrests occurring before expiration of a prior sentence, including persons
on parole at time of current arrest — male and female — Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1934
Offense charged
Current
arrest in
period of
parole
Current
arrest in
period of
previous
sentence
Criminal homicide -
Robbery -
Assault - --
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft -
Autotheft- --
Embezzlement and fraud --
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing.
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape.
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
Other sex offenses --
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, posse-ssing, etc
Offenses against family and children. .
Liquor laws —
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws..
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness -.
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total.
7
194
40
1,060
2,597
106
770
308
1,160
1,022
418
213
62
243
477
27
1,214
168
479
120
896
394
1,400
1,245
524
259
71
250
79
41
57
80
211
29
115
325
327
565
34
1,408
208
1,539
10, 293
2^
o »
si
30
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327
565
34
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10, 293
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Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiv-
ing, possessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
II h
ii i :
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;a ; ;
;§ :^
:-§ il
11 li
illl
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Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle
laws--
Disorderly conduct
il
i ii
1 1 ^
ill
115
1
32
Whites were represented by 247,753 of the arrest records examined
during the year and Negroes by 80,618. The remaining races were
represented as follows: Indian, 1,233; Chinese, 1,040; Japanese, 176;
Mexican, 10,418; all others, 2,344, For comparative purposes, it is
believed best to present the number of persons arrested of each race
group in proportion to the number in the general population of the
country, and in the attached tables there is presented in such terms the
number of native whites, foreign-born whites, and Negroes arrested.
The compilation shows that of each 100,000 foreign-bom whites in
the general population of the country, 203.2 were arrested during the
year. The corresponding figure for native whites is 325.2, and for
Negroes is 1,002.6. It will be observed that the proportionate number
of native whites arrested is 60 percent greater than that for foreign-
born whites. Similarly, the number of Negroes is more than three
times as great as the number of native whites. It should be observed
in connection with the foregoing data that the figure for native whites
includes the immediate descendants of foreign-born individuals.
Table 18.-
•Distribution of arrests according to race — male and female — Jan. 1-
Dec. SI, 1934
Race
Total
Offense charged
White
Negro
In-
dian
Chi-
nese
Jap-
anese
Mex-
ican
AU
Others
aU
races
4.255
10, 567
14,513
22, 507
32, 781
9.242
8.520
2.622
4.280
3,304
3,296
4,151
2,327
3,564
3,241
5.808
7.468
1.065
9
2.040
10, 799
21, 049
17. 787
2,506
30, 251
3.669
16. 132
2,150
3.357
10. 167
7.324
12. 674
1,534
936
726
350
829
1,138
800
611
2,278
397
2,464
646
383
8
675
4,189
4,442
4.830
1.894
10. 751
784
4,381
29
31
84
81
151
31
18
1
16
28
13
16
13
11
5
54
54
14
10
8
33
14
24
4
3
4
13'
16
9
621
27
2
9
3
3
17
6
9
1
10
1
7
1
6
2
13
4
3
3
12
3
154
278
822
829
1.607
248
48
65
40
165
50
323
204
94
125
445
76
2
143
630
1.484
1,140
23
830
92
413
35
133
266
133
204
11
41
10
25
59
17
42
110
103
30
30
32
26
1
40
130
59
249
47
301
33
177
Robbery
14 377
25. 902
Burglary— breaking or entering
30,894
47. 450
Embezzlement and fraud -
9.576
3,429
Stolen property; buying, receiving.
Forgery and counterfeiting
4,718
4,399
Prostitution and commercialized
vice
4,536
Other sex oSenses
6,103
Narcotic drug laws
3.918
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc-
0 Senses against fivmily and children -
6.191
3.772
8,493
8,657
Road and driving laws
1,567
20
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws-
Disorderly conduct
9
85
217
83
""124'
25
40
3
13
9
49
76
67
11
15
4
6
25
4
13
8
1}
2,914
15,852
27.285
Vagrancy -
24.142
4.559
42, 332
Not stated --
4.616
All other offenses
21, 169
Total -
247, 753
80. 618
1,233
1.040
176
10, 418
2,344
343,582
33
Table 19. — Number of arrests of negroes and whites in proportion to the number of
each in the general population of the country — male and female — Jan. 1-Dec.
SI, 19S4
[Rate per 100,000 of population, excluding those under 15 years of age]
Offense charged
Native
White
Foreign-
born
White
Negro
4.9
14.0
16.0
31.0
43.7
13.2
11.4
3.0
5.6
4.2
4.7
6 1
3.2
4.2
4.0
6.7
9.9
1.5
0)
2.6
13.6
28.7
24.5
3.0
40.8
4.9
20.8
6.0
4.7
26.1
9.7
23.3
2.4
6.6
4.4
3.0
2.9
1.8
4 8
1.1
5.3
4.2
10.0
5.0
.7
0)
1.7
15.' 7
10.5
3.7
19.9
2.5
15.2
26.7
Robbery
41.7
Assault
126 4
91.1
Auto theft
19 1
11.6
Forgery and counterfeiting . .
4 4
Rape
10 3
Other sex offenses .
99
Narcotic drug laws
6 4
28.3
OfTenses af^ainst family and ohildreTi , ...
4 9
Liquor laws
30 6
8.0
Road and driving laws .....
4.8
Parking violations
1
8.4
Disorderly conduct
52 1
Drunkenness ..
55 2
Gambling
23.6
Suspicion...
133 7
Not stated
9.8
All other offenses
54 5
Total
325.2
203.2
1,002.6
' Less than Mo of 1 per 100,000.
At the end of December 1934 there were 4,696,756 fingerprint
records and 5,824,448 index cards containing names or aUases of indi-
viduals with records on file in the Federal Bureau of Investigation at
Washington. Of each 100 fingerprint cards received during 1934
more than 46 were identified with data in the files of the Bureau.
During the same period, 4,231 fugitives from justice were identified
through fingerprint records and information as to the whereabouts of
those fugitives was immediately transmitted to the law enforcement
officers or agencies desiring to apprehend them.
The number of poHce departments, peace officers, and law enforce-
ment agencies throughout the United States and foreign countries
voluntarily contributing fingerprints to the Bureau at the end of
December totaled 7,220.
o
3 9999 06351 988 6
MN 29
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