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UNIFORM
CRIME
REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
ISSUED BY THE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Volume XI Number f
FIRST QUARTERLY BULLETIN, J940
'H
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume XI — Number 1
FIRST QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1940
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
ADVISORY
International Association of Chiefs of Police
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON: 1940
'Uf^cHiNTEN
CONTENTS
' Page
Summary of volume 11, No. 1 1-2
Classification of offenses 2
Extent of reporting area 2-3
Monthly reports:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population
(table 1) 4-5
Annual trends, offenses known to the police, 1931-40 (table 2) 5-7
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location
(tables 3, 4) 8-10
Offenses in individual cities over 100,000 in population (table 5) 11-13
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police (table 6) 13
Offenses known in Territories and possessions (table 7) 14
Data from supplementary offense reports (tables 8-10) 14-1 6
Annual reports:
Offenses known and offenses cleared by arrest, 1939 — cities divided
according to population (tables 11, 12~) 17-22
Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1939, cities divided according
to population (tables 13-15) 23-26
Offenses known, offenses cleared bv arrest, and persons found guilty,
1939 (tables 16, 17) 26-29
Persons released (not held for prosecution), 1939 — cities divided ac-
cording to population (tables 18, 19) 30-33
Percentage of offenses cleared by arrest, 1934-39 (table 20) 33-34
Offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest, and persons charged, 1939,
by geographic divisions (tables 21-38) 35-53
Definitions of part I and part II offense classifications 54-55
(II)
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department of
Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume XI April 1940 Number 1
SUMMARY
Annual Crime Trends, January-March, 1939-40.
Reports from 69 of the larger cities in the United States for the
first 3 months of 1939 and 1940 reveal that with the exception of
negligent manslaughter substantial decreases were seen in the number
of offenses against the person. The decrease in murder (including
nonnegligent manslaughter) amounted to 20.2 percent; rape, 6.5
percent; and aggravated assault, 3.9 percent. The increase in
negligent manslaughter amounted to 7.2 percent.
The trend for property crimes was somewhat different, robbery
being the only one to show a decrease, which amounted to 5.9 percent.
However, auto thefts showed a 6-percent increase, while burglaries
and larcenies increased only slightly, less than 1 percent in each case.
Crime Rates, 1940.
With few exceptions, the average city with over 100,000 inhabi-
tants experienced more crime per unit of population during the first
quarter of this year than the average smaller community. The bul-
letin contains crime rates for cities divided by location and size in
order that interested persons may compare local crime data with
average figures for cities of the same size throughout the country or
for those similarly situated geographically. Figures for individual
cities with over 100,000 inhabitants are presented, showing the num-
ber of offenses committed during the first quarter of this year.
Distribution of Crimes by Type, 1940.
Offenses of larceny represented 56.9 percent of the total crimes
reported; 23.8 percent were burglaries; 11.8 percent were auto thefts;
and 3.8 percent were robberies. The remaining 3.7 percent of the
crimes reported consisted of cririiinal homicides, rapes, and aggravated
assaults. Residences were involved in 45.7 percent of the burglaries,
and 52.7 percent of the robberies were classified as highway robberies.
Of the larcency cases, 88.5 percent involved property valued at less
than $50. Less than half (45.6 percent) of the offenses of rape were
forcible in nature. Ninety-seven percent of the stolen automobiles
and 22.1 percent of other types of stolen property were recovered.
Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1939.
Annual reports covering the calendar year 1939 forwarded by 1,214
cities indicated the following proportion of offenses cleared by arrest:
Murder, 87.4 percent; manslaughter by negligence, 87.7 percent;
rape, 81.8 percent; aggravated assault, 76.5 percent; robbery, 41.9
percent; burglary, 34.0 percent; larcency, 25.1 percent; and auto
theft, 24.4 percent.
(1)
Persons Charged, 1939.
For offenses against the person (criminal homicide, rape, and
aggravated assault) the number of persons charged in most instances
was equal to or in excess of the number of offenses cleared by arrest.
However, for offenses against property (robbery, burglary, larceny,
and auto theft) the number of offenses cleared last year was generally
considerably in excess of the number of persons charged with those
crimes.
Of the persons charged by the police during 1939, the following
figures represent those found guilty: Auto theft, 81.9 percent;
larceny, 81.1 percent; robber}^ 79.6 percent; burglary, 77.9 percent;
rape, 62.6 percent; murder, 62 percent; aggravated assault, 59.8
percent; and manslaughter by negligence, 35.5 percent.
CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES
The term "offenses known to the police" is designed to include those
crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification occur-
ring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known to
the police through reports of police officers, of citizens, of prosecuting
or court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the following
group of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience to be
those most generally and completely reported to the police: Criminal
homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and (b)
manslaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated assault; bur-
glary— breaking or entering; larceny — theft; and auto theft. The
figures contained herein include also the number of attempted crimes
of the designated classes. Attempted murders, however, are reported
as aggravated assaults. In other words, an attempted burglary or
robbery, for example, is reported in the bulletin in the same manner
as if the crime had been completed.
"Offenses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the police depart-
ments of contributing cities and not merely arrests or cleared cases.
Complaints which upon investigation are learned to be groundless are
not included in the tabulations which follow.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out as
current information which may throw some light on problems of crime
and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
In the last section of this bulletin may be found brief definitions of
part I and part II offense classifications.
EXTENT OF REPORTING AREA
The number of police departments from which one or more crime
reports were received during the first quarter of 1940 is contained in
the following table. The cities represented are classed according to
size, and the popidation figures for cities in excess of 10,000 are esti-
mates prepared by the Bureau of the Census as of July 1, 1933. How-
ever, since no estimates were available for the smaller cities, the 1930
decennial census figures were used for places under 10,000 in
population.
Population group
Total
number
of cities
or towns
Cities filing returns
Total pop-
ulation
Population repre-
sented in returns
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
982
903
92.0
60, 406, 254
58, 949, 803
97.6
1 Cities over 250,000 . .- ..- .-
37
57
104
191
593
37
57
101
184
524
100.0
100.0
97. 1
90.3
88.4
29, 695, 500
7, 850, 312
7, 045, 274
6, 714, 212
9, 100, 956
29, 695, 500
7, 850, 312
6, 844, 174
6,459, 112
8, 100, 705
100.0
2. Cities 100,000 to 250,000-
100.0
3 Cities 50,000 to 100.000 .-. _
97. 1
4. Cities 25,000 to 50,000
96.2
5. Cities 10,000 to 25,000
89.0
Note.— The above table does not include 1,652 cities and rural townships aggregating a total population
of 8,244,584. The cities included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 population filing returns, whereas
the rural townships are of varying population groups.
The growth of the uniform crime reporting area is indicated by the
following tabulation. These figures were compiled for the first 3
months of 1932-40.
Year
Number of
cities
Population
Year
Number of
cities
Population
1932
1983
1934
1,476
1,561
1,593
1,833
2,111
49, 368, 231
53. 295, 629
61,715,079
62, 304, 616
63, 766, 619
1937
1938
1939
2,166
2,342
2,541
2,555
64, 196, 843
65, 497, 026
66, 588, 280
1935
1940
67, 194, 387
1936
The additional 14 cities shown in the above tabulation for the first
quarter of 1940, as compared with the corresponding period of 1939,
increased the population represented in the uniform crime reporting
project by 606,107, bringing the aggregate population to 67,194,387.
There were 4,030 contributors of one or more crime reports during
the first quarter of 1940. These consisted of 2,555 city and village
law-enforcement agencies, 1,454 sheriffs, 8 State police units, and 13
agencies in Territories and possessions of the United States.
MONTHLY REPORTS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population.
Generally the larger cities experience the higher crime rates. Dur-
ing the first 3 months of 1940 offenses of criminal homicide, robbery,
burglary, larceny, and auto theft occurred with more frequency in
the cities with over 100,000 inhabitants than in the smaller communi-
ties. The crime rate for offenses of rape was highest in the cities with
over 250,000 inhabitants, and the next highest rate for this crime is
seen in the cities with between 2,500 and 10,000 inhabitants. Aggra-
vated assaults occurred with greatest frequency in group III cities
(50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants), followed by group II cities (100,000
to 250,000 inhabitants), and group I cities (over 250,000 inhabitants),
respectively.
More than half (56.9 percent) of all the offenses reported were cases
of larceny, 23.8 percent were burglaries, 3.8 percent were robberies,
and 11.8 percent were auto thefts. Thus, it will be seen that these
crimes against property constituted 96.3 percent of all the offenses
listed in table 1, while crimes classified as offenses against the person
(criminal homicide, rape, and aggravated assault) represented 3.7
percent of the total offenses.
These figures are based on reports received by the Federal Bureau
of Investigation from 2,046 cities with over 2,500 inhabitants, repre-
senting a total population of 62,925,042. The information is presented
in table 1 in such a manner that interested persons may compare
crime conditions in a particular community with average figures for
all cities in the United States of approximately the same size. The
number of offenses per 100,000 inhabitants for cities grouped not only
as to size but also by geographic divisions is presented in table 4.
(4)
Table 1.— Offenses known to the police, January to March, inclusive, 1940; mimber
and rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
(Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
GROUP I
36 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 29.375,600:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP 11
57 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,850,312:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000._.
GROUP HI
94 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 6,315,171:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
108 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 5,817,505:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V
474 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 7,356,879:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
1,217 cities under 10,000; total
population, 6,209,575:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Total 2,046 cities; total population,
62,925,042:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder,
nonncg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
370
1.3
99
1.3
76
1.2
52
0.9
71
1.0
69
1.1
737
1.2
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
' 414
1.5
'90
1.2
51
0.8
40
0.7
39
0.5
42
0.7
'1676
1.1
Rape
800
2.7
126
1.6
79
1.3
91
1.6
103
1.4
107
1.7
1,306
2.1
Rob-
bery
5,994
20.4
1,185
15.1
600
9.5
495
8.5
468
6.4
357
5.7
9,099
14.5
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
3, 096
10.5
874
11.1
921
14.6
463
8.0
509
6.9
423
6.8
6,286
10.0
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
2 20, 948
103.5
7,975
101.6
6.058
95.9
4,652
80.0
4,823
65.6
3.974
64.0
2 49, 137
91.3
Lar-
ceny-
theft
2 48, 110
237.6
20,437
260.3
14, 597
231.1
12,726
218.8
12, 610
171.4
8,285
133.4
Auto
theft
15, 009
51.1
4,124
52.5
2,456
38.9
2,481
42.6
2,015
27.4
1.595
25.7
2 117,528 27,680
218.5 44.0
1 The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports as follows: Group
I, 35 cWies, total population, 28,021,500; group II, 56 cities, total population, 7,742,112; groups I-VI, 2,044
cities, total population, 61,462,742.
2 The number of offenses and rate for burglarv and larceny — theft are based on reports as follows: Group
I, 34 cities, total population, 20,248,600; groups I-VI, 2,044 cities, total population, 53,798,042.
Annual Trends, Offenses Known to the Police, 1931-40.
In comparing the reports from 69 of the larger cities in the United
States for the first 3 months of 1939 and 1940, it was found that
with the exception of manslaughter by negligence substantial decreases
were seen in the number of oft'enses against the person. The decrease
in murder (including nonnegligent manslaughter) amounted to 20.2
percent; rape, 6.5 percent; and aggravated assault, 3.9 percent. The
increase in negligent manslaughter amounted to 7.2 percent.
6
With reference to offenses against property, robbery is the only
one in which a decrease is shown. These offenses during the first 3
months of this year showed a decrease of 5.9 percent from the figure
for the first quarter of 1939. Burghiries and larcenies increased only
slightly, less than 1 percent in each case. However, auto thefts
showed a 6-percent increase. This is interesting in view of the fact
that auto thefts have generally shown a rather steady decrease during
1931-39. . .
The figures reflecting annual trends m crime are presented m
table 2 and are based on the reports of 69 cities each with more than
100,000 inhabitants representmg a total population of 19,237,302.
These cities forwarded a complete set of reports during the first 3
months of each of the years 1931-40.
As already indicated, the reports from the 69 cities showed an
increase in aiito theft amounting to 6 percent. However, in examining
the 1939 and 1940 crime rates for all urban communities, regardless
of size, it is noted that a slight decrease in auto thefts occurred in
1940. ' A similar comparison of the crime rates for aggravated assault
discloses an increase for the larger group of cities, whereas a decrease
in these crimes is reflected in the reports of the 69 cities over 100,000
included in table 2. (See table 1 of this issue and the corresponding
table in vol. X, No. 1 of this bulletin.)
Table 2. — Annual trends, offenses known to the police, 69 cities over 100,000 in
population, January to March, inclusive, 1931-40
[Total population, 19,237,302, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny-
theft
Year
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Number of oflEenses known:
1931
359
367
382
317
334
293
324
301
312
249
4.0
4.0
4.2
3.5
3.7
3.2
3.6
3.3
3.5
2.7
352
303
229
216
230
188
293
202
194
208
3.9
3.3
2.5
2.4
2.6
2.1
3.3
2.2
2.2
2.3
280
288
305
303
333
312
407
409
432
404
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.7
3.4
4.5
4.5
4.8
4.4
5,811
5,320
5,217
3,985
3,660
3,193
3,643
4.034
3,518
3,309
64.6
58.5
58.0
44.3
40.7
35.1
40.5
44.8
39.1
36.4
2,254
1,977
2,304
2,183
2,162
2,218
2.282
2,069
1,921
1,846
25.0
21.7
25.6
24.3
24.0
24.4
25.4
23.0
21.3
20.3
17, 786
19, 512
19, 275
18, 860
18, 785
16, 183
17, 349
18, 782
17, 481
17, 495
197.6
214.4
214.2
209.6
208.7
177.8
192.8
208.7
194.2
192.3
36,429
37,001
39, 017
39, 951
41, 164
36, 907
42, 317
45, 516
45, 105
45, 483
404.8
406.6
433.5
443.9
457.4
405.6
470.2
505.7
501.2
499.8
21, 909
1932
18, 728
1933
17, 181
1934 - --- - ---
15, 440
1935
14, 578
1936
11,687
1937
12, 861
1938 --
11,172
1939
9,854
1940 -
10, 443
Daily average:
1931 .
243.4
1932 --
205.8
1933
190.9
1934 -
171.6
1935
162. 0
1936
128.4
1937
142.9
1938 --
124.1
1939
109.5
1940
114.8
■J
229255° — 40-
8
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location.
Marked variances are found in crime rates in the different sections
of the United States. This is only to be expected in view of the many
factors affecting the extent of crime. Comments concerning this
subject may be found in the text preceding table 5 of this bulletin.
Individuals interested in comparing local crime conditions with aver-
ages of other cities of the same size in the same section of the country
may refer to the figures presented in table 4.
The data presented in tables 1 and 4 are supplemented by the infor-
mation shown in table 3 wherein there is indicated the number of police
departments whose reports were employed m preparing the crime rates
for each of the subgroups shown in tables 1 and 4.
Table 3. — Number of cities included in the tabulation of uniform crime reports,
January to March, inclusive, 1940
Population
Division
Group
Group
II
Group
HI
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
Total
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England: 172 cities; total population,
5,613,972
2
6
9
4
3
3
3
1
5
12
11
10
5
6
3
5
1
4
10
22
23
7
13
4
7
2
6
26
30
49
10
18
5
11
6
13
61
128
104
52
31
23
26
15
34
61
311
303
156
96
37
77
60
116
172
Middle Atlantic: 508 cities; total population,
18,786,581 -
508
East North Central: 498 cities; total popula-
tion 16,140,619 -- ---
498
West North Central: 234 cities; total popula-
tion, 5, 023,861 - -
234
South Atlantic: ' 167 cities; total population,
4 785 837 -
167
East South Central: 75 cities; total popula-
tion, 2,205,745 ---
75
West South Central: 129 cities; total popula-
tion, 3,582,691 - -_- --
129
Mountain: 85 cities; total population, 1,283,-
719 .
85
Pacific: 178 cities; total population, 5,502,017-_
178
Total: 2,040 cities; total population,
62,925,042
36
57
94
168
474
1,217
2,046
1 Includes report of District of Columbia.
9
In order that the information may be readily avaihihle, there are
hsted below the States included in the nine geographic divisions.
States Divided by Geographic Divisions
New P'ngland:
Connecticut.
Maine.
Massachusetts.
New Hamsphire.
Rhode Island.
Vermont.
West North Central:
Iowa.
Kansas.
Minnesota.
Missouri.
Nebraska.
North Dakota.
South Dakota.
West South Central:
Arkansas.
Louisiana.
Oklahoma.
Texas.
' Includes District of Columbia.
Middle Atlantic:
New Jersey.
New York.
Pennsylvania.
South Atlantic:!
Delaware.
Florida.
Georgia.
Maryland.
North Carolina.
South Carolina.
Virginia.
West Virginia.
Mountain:
Arizona.
Colorado.
Idaho.
Montana.
Nevada.
New Mexico.
Utah.
Wyoming.
East North Central:
Illinois.
Indiana.
Michigan.
Ohio.
Wisconsin.
East South Central:
Alabama.
Kentucky.
Mississippi.
Tennessee.
Pacific:
California.
Oregon.
Washington.
Table 4. — Number of offenses knoivn to the police per 100,000 inhabitants, January
to March, inclusive, 1940, by geographic divisions and population groups
Geographic division and population
group
Murder,
nonnegli-
gcnt man-
slaughter
Eobbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary-
breaking or
entering
Larceny-
theft
Auto
theft
New England:
GrouD I
0.4
.1
.1
.2
.4
9.6
6.2
2.8
2.7
1.7
.8
5.1
3.2
2.2
2.8
.2
3.1
41.3
89.3
78.5
63.1
45.4
49.9
86.4
158.1
99.8
113.3
106.0
64.5
92.8
Group II --
48.6
Group III
29.1
Group IV
Group V-
26.0
12.3
Group VI
11.5
-X
Total, groups I-VI
.2
4.7
2.8
64.4
114.6
41.8
Middle Atlantic:
Group I -
.8
.5
.1
.4
.4
.8
8.9
5.3
7.0
5.1
3.9
3.7
8.5
4.4
6.1
4.0
3.7
3.5
' 78.7
62.4
69.8
52.1
49.7
41.1
I 101.0
116.4
108.9
102.9
79.0
68.1
40.1
Group II
36.5
Group III -
35.5
Group IV
29.7
Group V. .
23.0
Group VI
15.9
Total. erouDS I-VI
.6
8.0
5.6
2 59.8
2 93.2
35.0
East North Central:
Group I -
1.2
.9
.5
.4
.8
.3
31.0
14.6
10.2
7.8
9.1
5.7
8.3
10.4
4.1
3.2
2.9
2.9
89.5
82.0
69.2
61.5
57.4
55.9
200.7
242.5
161.7
164.8
144.8
87.4
34.6
Group II ..
54.0
Group III
30.6
Group IV
39.5
Group V .. .. .
26.8
Group VI
24.2
Total, groups I-VI
.9
20.6
6.5
77.5
180.2
34.6
1 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 4 cities.
2 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 506 cities.
10
Table 4. — Number of offenses known to the police per 100,000 inhabitants, January
to March, inclusive, 1940, by geographic divisions and population groups — Contd.
Geographic division and population
group
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary-
breaking or
entering
Larceny-
theft
Auto
theft
West North Central:
GrouD I _-__
1.1
.3
1.2
.3
.3
.6
16.1
10.6
6.6
4.5
4.0
3.9
3.0
4.8
1.6
2.1
3.5
2.8
57.8
75.2
101.3
80.2
56.5
53.0
235.6
182.9
276.9
195.5
195.0
104.4
33.5
41.1
Group III - -
48.6
GrouD IV -
55.0
27.9
Group VI .
16.7
Total erouDs I-VI
.7
10.0
3.1
65.1
204.3
34.2
South Atlantic:
Group I '
2.9
3.6
4.0
3.4
3.2
3.0
31.0
35.5
18.8
19.1
8.9
10.6
18.5
31.9
47.4
28.4
40.3
32.1
116.9
177.9
145.8
135.8
94.1
94.4
243.5
527.4
352. 3
363.3
240.1
209.4
88.4
Group II
82.2
Group III -
43.0
GrouD IV -- -
51.6
Group V
30.5
Group VI
35.5
Total, groups I-VI ...
3.3
23.8
30.6
129.9
320.7
63.6
East South Central:
Group I
3.9
5.1
3.1
5.3
6.3
4.2
40.1
29.5
18.3
12.2
13.4
8.5
64.5
33.3
54.4
37.1
24.2
29.7
198.6
84.6
127. 8
121.3
107.7
87.8
300.0
241.1
290.2
361.8
214.6
104.8
55.1
GrouD II
50.7
Group III - --
38.9
Group IV ..
63.6
GrouD V
29.0
Group VI
26.0
Total, groups I-VI . _.
4.5 .
26.7
46.4
140.8
265.5
46.8
West South Central:
Group I -
3.6
2.2
2.9
1.4
.7
5.2
20.8
24.8
13.9
9.1
10.9
9.5
IS. 1
21.0
35.2
15.0
15.9
11.2
115.8
147.8
109.1
99.5
99.2
88.3
433.7
463.4
420.6
331.4
275.3
181.8
49.4
Group II - -
52.0
Group III ---
41.7
Group IV . -
36.0
Group V --
26.8
Group VI -
22.4
Total, groups I-VI
2.8
17.2
18.6
115.9
380.9
41.9
Mountain:
Group I - --
1.7
.7
2.0
9.5
18.7
16.6
7.8
7.8
8.4
2.7
1.4
10.8
8.7
4.1
4.4
61.4
126.2
146.8
103.0
108.3
84.7
304.6
240.6
569.5
584.5
492.1
252.5
39.2
Group II
70.7
Group III .
63.6
GrouD IV
63.2
Group V
.5
.9
61.3
Group VI
33.6
Total, groups I-VI
.9
10.3
4.8
95.9
382.0
50.9
Pacific;
Group I
1.0
1.5
.7
.5
.6
.5
30.0
18.6
18.2
18.5
8.7
8.1
10.7
3.9
0.6
4.0
1.6
5.0
177.0
150.0
155.3
131.9
105.8
109.9
391.0
405.6
494.1
421.5
401.9
386.9
116.4
GrouD II
73.6
Group III -
65.8
Group IV -.
87.0
GrouD V
57.4
Group VI ... .
66.3
Total, groups I-VI
.9
22.7
7.7
155.4
403.9
95.0
3 Includes the District of Columbia.
11
Offenses in Individual Cities With More Than 100,000 Inhabitants.
Th(> number of" od'cMisos reported as havijie: been eommitled during
the first 3 months of 1940 is shown in table 5. The compilation in-
cludes the reports received from police departments in cities with
more than 100,000 inhabitants. Such data are included here in
ordei- that interested individuals and organizations may have readily
available up-to-date information concerning the amount of crime
committed in their communities. Police administrators and other
interested individuals will probably find it desirable to compare the
crime rates of their citi(^s with the average rates shown in tables 1 and 4
of this publication. Similarly, they will doubtless desire to make
comparisons with the figures for their communities for prior periods, in
order to determine whether there has been an increase or a decrease in
the amount of crime committed.
A great deal of caution should be exercised in comparing crime data
for individual cities, because differences in the figures may be due to a
variety of factors. The amount of crime committed in a community
is not solely chargeable to the police but is rather a charge against the
entire community. The following is a list of some of the factors which
might affect the amount of crime in a community:
The composition of the popidation with reference particularly to
age, sex, and race.
The economic status and activities of the population.
Climate.
Educational, recreational, and religious facilities.
The number of police employees per unit of population.
The standards governing appointments to the police forcie.
The policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts.
The attitude of the public toward law-enforcement problems.
The degree of efficiency of the local law-enforcement agency.
Comparisons between the crime rates of individual cities should not
be made without giving consideration to the above-mentioned factors.
It is more important to determine whether the figures for a given com-
munity show" increases or decreases in the amount of crime committed
than to ascertain whether the figures are above or below those of some
other community.
In examining a compilation of crime figures for individual com-
munities it should be borne in mind that in view of the fact that the
data are compiled by different record departments operating under
separate and distinct administrative systems, it is entirely possible
that there may be variations in the practices employed in classifying
complaints of offenses. On the other hand, the crime-reporting hand-
book has been distributed to all contributors of crime reports, and the
figures received are included in this bulletin only if they apparently
have been compiled in accordance with the provisions of the handbook,
and the individual department has so indicated.
12
Table 5. — Number of offenses known to the police, January to March, inclusive,
1940, cities over 100,000 in population
City
Akron, Ohio
Albany, N. Y
Atlanta, Ga
Baltimore, Md
Birmingham, Ala
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, Conn
Buflalo, N. Y
Cambridge, Mass
Camden, N. J
Canton, Ohio
Chattanooga, Tenn
Chicago, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio _
Columbus, Ohio
Dallas, Tex
Dayton, Ohio
Denver, Colo
Des Moines. Iowa
Detroit, Mich
Duluth, Minn
Elizabeth, N. J
El Paso, Tex
Erie, Pa
Evansville, Ind
Fall River, Mass
Flint, Mich
Fort Wayne, Ind
Fort Worth, Tex
Gary, Ind
Grand Rapids, Mich__
Hartford, Conn
Honolulu, T. H_
Houston, Tex
Indianapolis, Ind
Jacksonville, Fla
Jersey City, N. J
Kansas City, Kans
Kansas City, Mo
Knoxville, Tenn
Long Beach, Calif
Los Angeles, Calif
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Lynn, Mass
Memphis, Tenn
Miami, Fla
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn...
Nashville, Tenn
Newark, N.J
New Bedford, Mass...
New Haven, Conn
New Orleans, La
New York, N. Y
Norfolk, Va
Oakland, Calif
Oklahoma City, Okla_
Omaha, Nebr
Paterson, N. J
Peoria, 111
Philadelphia, Pa
Pittsburgh, Pa
Portland, Oreg
Providence, R. I
Reading, Pa
Richmond, Va
Rochester, N. Y
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn
Salt Lake City, Utah.
San Antonio, Tex
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif...
Scranton, Pa
Seattle. Wash
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
3
1
19
16
11
3
1
1
6
40
5
14
6
13
2
5
21
4
17
1
9
2
7
7
1
15
Robbery
13
11
2
2
7
3
54
2
6
5
2
1
24
7
1
1
12
1
1
7
3
6
32
2
110
139
40
96
8
29
13
15
17
36
,616
97
241
86
62
21
28
21
381
7
9
22
10
10
5
16
13
27
39
6
12
3
103
97
75
Aggra-
vated
assault
34
3
74
1.38
82
45
36
6
19
20
50
313
43
26
15
39
4
8
5
181
2
2
6
2
12
2
27
2
5
34
2
17
4
35
52
44
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
entering
255
68
648
564
463
315
106
177
130
18
46
140
2,716
538
782
648
477
150
180
129
1,389
85
63
92
68
Larceny — theft
$50 and
over
(')
164
150
102
267
141
142
199
274
629
665
310
Complete data not received
171
365
65
318
2,656
689
541
374
160
286
135
686
171
201
130
2,131
189
343
365
100
162
68
707
607
753
116
134
235
139
329
176
182
305
170
704
133
835
49
14
178
139
70
161
41
65
13
54
25
928
146
70
101
49
15
83
38
223
18
19
5
10
12
11
62
32
19
31
19
49
41
57
186
132
27
9
116
31
1
21
34
7
577
177
102
101
1
7
9
200
367
83
53
10
12
56
9
78
59
90
104
10
2
20
0
57
87
437
634
41
26
28
31
34
31
17
16
4
15
15
9
280
121
148
52
87
7
4
8
9
3
61
77
7
6
119
16
31
3
27
2
67
129
29
5
139
91
/
6
66
13
0)
0)
(')
(')
131
42
67
,115
277
7
44
123
191
61
180
91
19
70
151
36
61
56
19
9
10
281
88
172
29
18
75
33
46
16
76
31
198
30
75
Under
$50
406
132
1,242
627
554
566
284
240
119
143
208
400
2,303
1,202
2,458
806
2,291
499
810
281
4,676
249
130
265
124
305
61
424
356
925
246
451
469
542
1,741
1,451
826
244
857
223
711
5,172
706
52
156
827
730
821
562
251
918
208
261
338
4,710
507
1,050
698
203
75
166
482
285
1,245
145
159
795
343
2,516
416
331
1,117
646
1.694
137
904
Auto
theft
117
43
281
664
89
865
77
139
111
58
14
58
740
150
234
178
110
71
115
72
825
44
35
47
75
81
21
111
135
56
46
93
122
56
214
367
81
38
148
44
108
2,159
302
37
22
79
111
134
272
96
273
28
107
196
2,393
152
163
96
108
58
32
1,115
463
226
102
22
142
92
179
71
102
168
117
622
60
310
' Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
1
Table 5. — Number of offenses known to the police, January to March, inchisive,
1940, cities over 100,000 in population — Continued
City
Soinerville, Mass...
South Bend, Ind...
Spokane, AVash
Springfield, Mass..
Syracuse, N. Y
Tacoma, Wash
Tampa, Fla
Toledo, Ohio
Trenton, N. J
Tulsa, Okla
Utica. N. Y
Washington, D. C.
Waterbury, Conn..
Wichita. Kans
Wilmington, DeL..
Worcester, Mass
Yonkers, N. Y
Youngstown, Ohio.
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
3
2
4
1
5
1
U
Robbery
3
12
25
1
2
13
9
38
14
65
2
245
1
3
6
17
3
53
.Aggra-
vated
assault
8
7
2
1
28
22
10
11
83
2
19
3
3
33
Bur-
glary-
break-
ing or
entering
28
89
207
87
93
118
165
338
121
254
32
649
67
46
105
95
21
156
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
12
19
23
16
19
10
33
72
27
80
14
150
18
3
28
33
6
28
Under
$50
42
212
505
199
189
205
487
838
234
781
no
1,542
76
236
246
242
49
253
Auto
theft
28
37
75
66
66
99
92
152
61
84
19
463
t)7
28
59
83
36
125
Offenses Knoicn to Sheriffs, State Police, and Other Rural Officers, 1940.
In compiling national crime statistics, the FBI distinguishes
between crimes committed in urban communities and those occurring
in rural areas. The preceding tables in this bulletin have dealt with
urban crimes. In table 6, there is presented information compiled
from the reports received during the first 3 months of 1940 from
1,037 sheriffs, 7 State police organizations, and 99 village officers.
Table 6.- — Offenses known, January to March, inclusive, 1940, as reported by 1,037
sheriffs, 7 State police organizations, and 99 village officers
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny-
theft
Murder,
nonncg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
.\uto
theft
Offenses known
296
198
443
883
1,271
6,976
10,941
2.161
14
Offenses Known in Territories and Possessions of the United States.
Available crime data for the Territories and possessions of the
United States are presented in table 7, which includes reports from
three judicial divisions in Alaska; Honolulu City and the counties
of Honolulu, Kauai, and Maui, in the Territory of Hawaii; Isthmus
of Panama, C. Z.; and Puerto Rico. The tabulation is based upon
the number of offenses known to law-enforcement officials of both
urban and rural areas, with the exception that the data for Honolulu
City have been segregated from the figures for Honolulu County.
Table 7. — Nurnber of offenses known in United States Territories and possessions,
January to March, inclusive, 1940
[Population figures from Federal census, Apr. 1, 1930]
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
.\uto
theft
Jurisdiction reporting
Over
$50
Under
$50
Alaska:
First judicial division (Juneau), pop-
ulation, 19,304; number of offenses
known
3
10
9
3
41
5
3
6
39
11
1
10
542
61
16
52
108
716
Second judicial division (Nome),
population, 10,127; number of of-
fenses known__
Third judicial division (Valdez), pop-
ulation, 16,309; number of offenses
known.
3
4
4
8
3
1
539
1
274
32
2
23
11
248
Hawaii:
Honolulu City, population, 137,582;
number of offenses known, ..
4
1
3
56
Honolulu County, population, 65,341;
number of offenses known..
8
Kauai County, population, 35,942;
number of offenses known
2
Maui County, population, 56,146;
number of offenses known
1
1
12
1
Isthmus of Panama: Canal Zone, popula-
tion, 39,467; number of offenses known .
1
Puerto Rico: Population, 1,543,913; num-
ber of offenses known
73
20
Data From Supplementary Offense Reports.
During the first 3 months of this year, 45.7 percent of the burglaries
involved residences, and the balance occurred in offices, stores, ware-
houses, and other business places. The great majority of all bur-
glaries (78.3 percent) were committed during the night. However,
of the residence burglaries, only 64.1 percent were committed during
the night as compared with 90.2 percent of the burglaries perpetrated
in nonresidence structures.
Highway robberies constituted 52.7 percent of all the robbery
offenses. Less than one-fifth of 1 percent were bank robberies; 9.4
percent involved oil stations; 1.1 percent, chain stores; and 29.2
percent, other types of commercial houses.
In 63.8 percent of the larceny cases the value of the property
stolen was between $5 and $50; in 24.7 percent, the property was
valued at less than $5; and only 11.5 percent of the thefts involved
property valued in excess of $50. Thefts of automobile accessories
and other types of personal property from automobiles parked in
public places represented 39.6 percent of the larcenies reported, and
bicycle thefts constituted 9.8 percent.
More than half (54.4 percent) of the offenses of rape were classified
as statutory (not forcible — victim under age of consent) in character.
15
These fi2:ures represent an analysis of supplementary offense reports
forwarded to the FBI durinp; tlie first 3 months of 1940 by 52 police
departments in cities with populations in excess of 100,000, and the
tiirures upon which the percentages are based are presented in table 8.
Table 8. — X umber of known offenses with divisions as to the nature of the criminal
act, time and place of comrtiission, and value of property stolen, January to March,
inclusive, 1940; 62 cities over 100,000 in population.
[Total population, 16,543,138, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Classification
Number
of actual
offenses
Classification
Number
of actual
offenses
Rape:
Forcible
155
185
Larceny— theft (except auto theft)
(grouped according to value of article
stolen) :
Over $50
Statutory - -
Total.'
340
4 845
$5 to $50 . ._
2,155
1,193
386
44
158
8
142
Robbery:
Under $5
10,364
nierhwav
Total
Commercial house.. -
42, 023
Oil "station
Larceny— theft (grouped as to type of
offense) :
Pocket-picking ....
Chain store _
Residence .
Bank
559
Miscellaneous
Purse-snatching .
1,632
1 9fi9
ShoDliftinsr
Total
4,086
Thefts from autos (exclusive of auto
8,804
7,828
Burglary— breaking or entering:
5,210
2,923
8,721
948
Auto accessories
Residence (dwelling) :
Bicycles. . .
4, 129
Committed during night
Another
17, 809
Committed during day
Total
Nonresidence (store, office, etc.):
42, 023
Committed during night
Committed during day .
Total
17, 802
The large majority (97.3 percent) of automobiles stolen are recov-
ered, according to the offense reports received during the first 3 months
of this year from the 52 cities represented in table 8. As will be seen
in the following tabulation, 8,795 automobiles were stolen, and during
the same period 8,560 were recovered.
Table 9. — Recoveries of stolen automobiles, January to March, inclusive, 1940; 52
cities over 100,000 in population
[Total population, 16,543,138, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Number of automobiles stolen 8, 795
Number of automobiles recovered 8, 560
Percentage recovered 97. 3
Exclusive of automobiles, property stolen in the 52 cities represented
ill table 8 was valued at $2,762,029.88, and the value of recovered
property was $610,287.65, or 22.1 percent. Stolen automobiles were
valued at $3,830,051.40, and during the first quarter of the year
recoveries of this type of property amounted to $3,704,526.25, or 96.7
percent. In table 10 there are presented figures relative to the value
of property stolen and recovered, divided by types of pro])erty, which
show that for all types of property stolen, including automobiles,
65.5 percent was recovered.
22925.0°— 40-
16
Table 10. — Value of property stolen and value of property recovered loith divisions
as to type of property involved, January to March, inclusive, 1940; 52 cities over
100,000 in population
[Total population, 16,543,138, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Type of property
Currency, notes, etc
Jewelry and precious metals
Furs
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles..
Miscellaneous
Total
Value of prop-
erty stolen
$635, 128. 16
686, 462. 51
153, 486. 70
361, 379. 49
3, 830, 051. 40
925, 573. 02
6, 592, 081. 28
Value of prop-
erty recovered
$65, 140. 70
133, 750. 41
17, 130. 63
76, 919. 77
3, 704, 526. 25
317, 346. 14
4, 314, 813. 90
Percent
recovered
10.3
19.5
11.2
21.3
96.7
34.3
65.5
ANNUAL REPORTS, 1939
Durino; 1930. 79.1 percent of the offenses committed against persons
were cleared by the arrest of the offenders. Likewise, in 27.7 percent
of the offenses against property, one or more of the offenders were
arrested. The highest percentage of clearances was seen in cases of
criminal homicide (manslaughter by negligence, 87.7 percent, murder
and nonnegligent manslaughter, 87.4 percent). On an average, 81.8
percent of the off'enses of rape, and 76.5 percent of other felonious
assaults were cleared by arrest. The individual figures for the
predatory crimes against property cleared were as follows: Robbery,
41.9 percent; burglary, 34.0 percent; larceny, 25.1 percent; and auto
theft, 24.4 percent.
Offenses of the types referred to in the first paragraph occurring in
1,214 cities in the^United States (total population, 39,147,097) last
year totaled 562,616. Of the 20,066 offenses against the person,
15,872 were cleared by the arrest of 17,276 individuals; and of the
542,553 offenses against property, 150,373 were cleared by the arrest
of 115,568 persons.
Monthly and annual crime reports are received from police agencies
throughout the country by the Federal Bureau of Investigation under
the system of uniform crime reporting. Information concerning the
number of crimes known to have been committed during 1939, based
on the monthly reports, has been presented in volume X, No. 4, of
this publication. Supplementing this type of information, the annual
crime reports include data concerning the number of offenses disposed
of by arrest, and the number of persons arrested, as well as figures
indicating the number of persons found guilty.
The annual reports received by the Federal Bureau of Investigation
were all scrutinized, and only those reports were included in the
following tables which apparently had been compiled according to
the uniform crime reporting system. For record purposes, it is noted
here that letters were written to police departments whose reports
were included in the tabulations in this issue of the bulletin in a
large number of instances in an effort to obtain the highest possible
degree of accuracy and uniformity in the reports used. Letters were
written to the police departments in 18 of the 25 cities having a popu-
lation in excess of 250,000; in 24 of the 38 cities with a population of
100,000 to 250,000; in 45 of the 69 cities between 50,000 and 100,000;
and in 77 of the 106 cities with from 25,000 to 50,000 inhabitants.
In addition, a questionnaire accompanied the annual return forms,
and in practically all instances the (|uestionnairc bore appropriate
entries. In some instances the nature of the entries on the question-
naire was responsible for the communications subsequently forwarded
to the contributing agency. The questionnaire related to the several
phases of the annual returns and was founfl of considerable assistance
in obtaining uniformly compiled figures.
(17)
18
All of the agencies whose reports are included in the following
tabulations indicated that the figures concerning offenses known to
the police were based on records of crimes and complaints of crimes,
and included all cases brought to the attention of the police. Similarly,
all of the law-enforcement agencies indicated that figures concerning
offenses cleared by arrest represented the number of crimes disposed
of by arrests, or through other specified exceptional circumstances,
and did not represent the number of persons arrested.
With reference to the compilations showing persons charged
(held for prosecution) all but 5 of the police departments in cities with
populations in excess of 25,000 represented in the following tables
stated that the figures reflected the number of persons arrested rather
than the number of charges placed against the persons arrested.
In other words, if on the occasion of a single arrest a person was
charged with robbery and auto theft, he was counted as only 1 person
arrested, the entry being made opposite robbery. Of course, if the
same person was arrested on different occasions, each case was counted
as a separate arrest.
In connection with reports dealing with persons arrested perhaps
the greatest lack of uniformity appeared in connection with the policy
as to the inclusion of juveniles taken into custody. The replies re-
ceived from the police departments of cities with more than 25,000
inhabitants indicated that 91 percent of the reports forwarded included
all or part of the juveniles taken into custody. All juveniles were
said to be included in the reports of 79 percent of the cities.
A further problem with reference to juveniles is whether juveniles
listed in the reports were shown opposite the classification embracing
the violation (i. e., burglary, larceny, etc.) for which they were taken
into custody, regardless of the nature of the technical charge (i. e.,
"juvenile delinquent," etc.) placed against the juvenile at the time of
arrest. The response to this item indicated that 95 percent of the
departments including juveniles in their reports properly listed them
opposite the classification embracing the violation involved. The
remaining departments listed arrests of juveniles opposite "All other
oft'enses."
An additional problem with reference to the tabulation concerning
persons arrested appeared in connection with the figures relative to
the number found guilty. A careful examination of the reports
indicated in a large number of instances that entries which purported
to represent the final disposition of the charges placed against per-
sons arrested in fact merely represented disposition at preliminary
hearing. Accordingly, there have been included in tables 16 and 17
only the reports from a limited number of police departments wliich
appeared to have been properly compiled with reference to persons
found guilty.
19
Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1939.
In examining: the data presented in the tabnlations which follow, it
should be borne in mind that there is a distinct difference, under the
system of miiform crime reporting, between offenses cleared by arrest
and persons arrested. An offense is considered cleared by arrest
generally when one or more of the offenders involved in its commission
have been taken into custody and made available for prosecution.
It is not necessary that all persons involved be arrested. There are
certain other exceptional circumstances by which an offense is con-
sidered cleared, such as the suicide of the offender, responsible person
in custody in another jurisdiction and not available for local prosecu-
tion, etc. The general requisites of an "exceptional clearance" are
that the identity and whereabouts of the offender are known to the
police, but for some reason beyond their control it is not possible to
make hmi available for prosecution in the local jurisdiction.
An examination of the individual reports revealed a considerable
range of variation in the percentage of offenses listed as cleared by
individual police departments. This is, of course, entirely reasonable,
masmuch as some cities have more police per unit of population,
better record practices, etc., than other cities. It is probably true
that more crmies are cleared by arrest than are shown in table 11,
because of instances wherein an offender is arrested and charged with
a single crime, although in fact he had committed two or more crimes,
but this was not known to the police.
There are presented in table 11 figures concerning the number of
offenses committed, the number cleared by arrest, and the percentage
of offenses cleared by arrest as reflected in the annual returns of all the
cities represented. The data are presented for six different groups of
cities divided according to size, in order that interested individuals may
compare available local data of this type with national averages for
cities of any population group, as well as with averages for cities of
all sizes.
The figures for the groups of smaller cities reveal that the percentage
of offenses of auto theft listed as cleared by arrest is somewhat higher
than for the groups of larger cities. This may accurately represent
the relative proportion of auto thefts cleared by arrest, but on the
other hand, it is possible that the reports received from police depart-
ments in the smaller cities are less accurate in this regard than those
representing the larger communities. In a very limited number of
instances it has been detected that in cases where the automobiles
have been recovered the offenses have been listed as cleared by arrest
even though the offenders have not been taken into custody. The
recovery of property does not render an offense cleared under the
system of uniform crime reporting, and efforts have been made to
eliminate all such instances from the reports used in the tabulations.
It will be seen generally that the smallest percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest is reflected in connection with auto thefts. This is to
a large extent undoubtedly due to the many so-called "joy-riding"
cases, the circumstances of which make it extremely difficult to effect
arrests. However, the reports received from police departments for
several years have consistently reflected that more than 90 percent
of all stolen automobiles have been recovered by the police. Detailed
tabulations concerning the recovery of stolen property for last year
may be found in volume X, No. 4, of this publication.
20
Table 11. — Offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest, and percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest, 1939, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933,
by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
entering
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Population group
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Auto
theft
GROUP I
25 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 17,055,000:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest...
1,172
1,005
85.8
479
407
8.5.0
1,627
1,239
76.2
15, 589
6,664
42.7
6,759
4,798
71.0
50, 884
19,171
37.7
140. 767
32, 307
23.0
28, 769
6,574
22.9
GROUP II
38 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 5,382,215:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest..
237
216
91.1
265
224
84.5
394
329
83.5
2, 255
834
37.0
2,158
1,542
71.5
22, 051
6,274
28.5
53, 270
13,546
25.4
11,837
2,767
23.4
GROUP ni
69 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 4,716,590:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest ..
232
211
90.9
134
126
94.0
351
335
95.4
1,777
684
38.5
1,824
1,524
83.6
17, 2.56
5,107
29.6
44, 253
11,337
25.6
7,330
1,569
21.4
GROUP IV
106 cities, 25,000 to .50,000; total
population, 3,623,552:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest...
159
147
92.5
82
79
96.3
267
233
87.3
1,090
459
42.1
1,144
1,032
90.2
12, 107
3.971
32.8
35, 595
9,241
26.0
5,595
1,362
24.3
GROUP V
310 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 4,835,725:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest...
134
120
89.6
117
102
87.2
289
253
87.5
1,134
466
41.1
1,113
986
88.6
13, 051
4,352
33.3
38, 970
10,783
27.7
5,887
1,810
30.7
GROUP VI
666 cities under 10,000; total popu-
lation, 3,534,015:
Number of oflienses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest...
88
68
77.3
90
85
94.4
298
251
84.2
748
354
47.3
650
560
86.2
8,634
3,231
37.4
20, 467
6,292
30.7
3,237
1,218
37.6
TOTAL, GROUPS I-VI
1,214 cities; total population,
39,147,097:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest...
2,022
1,767
87.4
1,107
1,023
87.7
3,226
2,640
81.8
22, 593
9,461
41.9
13, 648
10, 442
76.5
123, 983
42, 106
34.0
333, 322
83, 506
25.1
62, 655
15, 300
24.4
In table 12 there are presented data showing the relationship be-
tween offenses committed, offenses cleared by arrest, and persons
arrested and held for prosecution. To indicate the manner in which
the data in the table should be interpreted, it may be noted that for
group I cities, in examining an average group of 100 offenses of rape,
76 were found to have been cleared by the arrest of 75 persons. Like-
wise, of each 100 offenses of burglary — breaking or entering, 37 were
cleared by the arrest of 23 persons.
For offenses against persons (criminal homicide, rape, and aggra-
vated assault) the number of persons charged generally equals or
exceeds the number of offenses cleared by arrest. For manslaughter
by negligence it is seen that in several instances the number of persons
arrested exceeds the number of crimes committed. This is undoubt-
edly due in part to the practice of some police departments to arrest
21
and formally charge all drivers of vehicles involved in traffic fatalities.
Tliis would include sonic cases in which the police investigation later
determined the death was the result of negligence on the part of the
victim, rather tlian the driver, and was therefore not scored as an
actual offense of negligent manslaughter.
For offenses against property (rohhery, burglary, larceny, and auto
theft) the number of offenses cleared is generally considerably in
excess of the number of persons charged with the crimes. Quite often
the police department will arrest one individual, and by questioning
him and through investigation of his activities, clear a number of
previously unsolved cases.
Table 12.— Offenses knoivn, offenses cleared by arrest, and persons charged (held for
prosecution) , 1939, by population groups- — number per 100 known offenses
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
GROUP I
25 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 17,055,000:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP II
38 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 5,382,215:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP III
69 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 4,716,590:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP IV
106 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 3,023, 552:
Offenses known _
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP V
310 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 4,835,725:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP VI
600 cities under 10,000; total popu-
lation, 3,534,015:
Offenses known.
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged..
TOTAL, GROUPS I-VI
J 214 cities; total population,
39,147,097:
Offenses known.
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
100.0
85.8
83.4
100.0
91.1
101.3
100.0
90.9
94.0
100.0
92. 5
95. 6
100.0
89.6
95.5
100.0
77.3
77.3
100.0
87.4
88.2
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
100.0
85.0
158.7
100.0
84.5
75.5
100.0
94.0
101.5
100. 0
96. 3
90.2
100. 0
87.2
84.6
100.0
94.4
93.3
100.0
87.7
115.9
Rape
100.0
76.2
75.2
100.0
83.5
97.0
100.0
95.4
98.6
100.0
87.3
96. 0
100.0
87.5
99. 3
100.0
84.2
79.5
100.0
81.8
84.7
Rob-
bery
100.0
42.7
33.4
100.0
37.0
41. 1
100.0
38.5
33.2
100.0
42. 1
52. 1
100.0
41. 1
53.4
100.0
47.3
55.7
100.0
41.9
36.8
Aggra-
vated
assault
100.0
71.0
77.1
100.0
71.5
76.3
100.0
83.6
101.3
100.0
90.2
80. 1
100.0
88.6
101.3
100.0
86.2
91.4
100.0
76.5
83.6
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
entering
100.0
37.7
23.0
100.0
28.5
18.9
100.0
29.6
20.2
100.0
32.8
23.0
100.0
33.3
26.5
100.0
37.4
32.2
100.0
34.0
22.9
Lar-
ceny-
theft
100.0
23.0
18.5
100.0
25.4
19.3
100.0
25.6
21.3
100.0
20. 0
21.6
100.0
27.7
21.2
100.0
30.7
24.2
100.0
25.1
20.0
Auto
theft
100.0
22.9
19.2
100.0
23.4
14.1
100.0
21.4
16.3
100.0
24.3
19.4
100.0
30.7
27.6
100.0
37.6
36.0
100.0
24.4
19.6
22
P
O
23
Persons Charged (Held for Prosecution), 1939.
JVIore than 09 percent of all persons formally charged by the police
in 1939 were held because of a violation of some motor-veliicle or
traffic law. This includes persons who were issued parking tickets
or police summonses and responded thereto. Over 13 percent of all
persons taken into custody were charged with drunkenness.
One section of the annual returns forwarded to the Federal Bureau
of Investigation deals with persons arrested by the police, and there
is presented in tables 13 and 14 information concerning the number
of persons formally charged and the rate per 100,000 inhabitants for
6 groups of cities divided according to size. These tables make it
possible for interested persons to compare local figures concerning
persons arrested with national averages for cities of the same size.
In addition, the tabulation furnishes some basis for estimating the
number of minor crimes committed; however, it should be borne in
mind that the rules for scoring the number of items to be recorded
concerning persons charged are not the same as for scoring the num-
ber of oft'enses known to have been committed. To illustrate: If two
persons acting jointly rob a business place and both of the oft'enders
are arrested and charged with robbery, the offense report (annual
return B) will show 1 robbery committed and 1 robbery cleared by
arrest, while the arrest report (annual return C) will show 2 persons
arrested and charged with robbery. Similarly, if 1 person steals 4
automobiles, 4 offenses of this type will be reported on the annual
offense report; and if he is taken into custody, the oft'ense report will
show 4 auto thefts cleared by arrest, and the arrest report will reflect
1 person arrested and held for prosecution opposite the auto-theft
classification.
Although a large majority of the 4,364,420 persons arrested (in-
cluding persons who responded to traffic tickets) by the police depart-
ments represented in table 14 were proceeded against for compara-
tively minor violations, it may be noted that many arrests were for
serious crimes, as reflected in the following figures:
Murder 1,783 Embezzlement and fraud 8,952
Manslaughter by negligence 1,353 Stolen property (receiving, etc.) _ 3,945
Robbery 8,311 Forgery and counterfeiting 4,606
Aggravated assault 11,407 Rape 2,733
Burglary 28,410 Narcotic drug laws 2,472
Larceny 66,58,6 Weapons (carrying, etc.) 5,495
Auto theft 12, 261
As indicated in table 14 these figures are based on the reports
received from the police departments in only 1,214 cities with a
combined population of 39,147,097.
In a very small number of the reports received from police agencies,
the data for two or more classifications were presented in a single
figure. In such instances the arrests were distributed among the
several classifications in the ratio in which tliey appeared in the
reports received from the remaining police agencies in the same
population group.
As previously shown, 9 to 21 percent of the police departments in
cities with a population in excess of 25,000 indicated that their annual
arrest reports did not include all or part of the juveniles arrested.
Since youthful offenders were frequently involved in oft'enses against
property, it is apparent that the figures in table 13 showing arrests
for those violations are quite conservative.
229255° — iO 4
24
Table 13. — Percentage distrihidion of persons charged (held for prosecution), 1939
(1,214 cities; total population, 39,147,097)
Offense charged
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man
slaughter
(6) Manslaughter by negligence
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Other assaults
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos
sessing
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Percent
0.04
.03
.18
.25
1.16
.63
1.48
.27
.20
.09
.10
.06
Offense charged
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against the family and children
Liquor laws-
Driving while intoxicated
Traffic and motor- vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
All other offenses
Total
Percent
0.71
.25
.05
.12
.46
.49
.92
69.08
3.52
13.06
1.75
1.37
3.73
100.00
Table 14. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1939, mimher and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Group I
Group
II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
666
cities
under
10,000;
popu-
lation,
3,534,015
Offense charged
25 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
17,065,000
38
cities,
100,000
to
250,000;
popu-
lation,
5,382,215
69
cities,
50,000
to
100,000;
popu-
lation,
4,716,.590
106
cities,
25,000
to
50,000;
popu-
lation,
3,023,552
310
cities,
10,000
to
25,000;
popu-
lat on,
4,835,725
Total,
1,214
cities;
total pop-
ulation,
39,147,097
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegli-
gent manslaughter:
Number of persons
charged - .
977
5.7
760
4.5
5,204
30.5
5,208
30.5
22, 233
130.4
11,723
68.7
2.5, 972
152.3
5,520
32.4
4,769
28.0
1,762
10.3
1,269
7.4
1,223
7.2
240
4.5
200
3.7
926
17.2
1,646
30.6
8,308
154.4
4, 173
77.5
' 10, 294
202.6
1,670
31.0
1,208
22.4
608
11.3
815
15.1
382
7.1
218
4.6
136
2.9
590
12.5
1,847
39.2
6,823
144.7
3,486
73.9
9,418
199.7
1,195
25.3
3 1, 053
22.6
5 511
11.0
741
15.7
346
7.3
152
4.2
74
2.0
568
15.7
985
27.2
6,409
176.9
2,790
77.0
7,675
211.8
1,087
30.0
629
17.4
336
9.3
524
14.5
258
7.1
128
2.6
99
2.0
606
12.5
1,127
23.3
6,179
127.8
3,458
71.5
8,276
171.1
1,623
33.6
866
17.9
469
9.7
698
14.4
287
5.9
68
1.9
84
2.4
417
11.8
594
16.8
2,814
79.6
2,780
78.7
4,951
140.1
1,166
33.0
427
12.1
259
7.3
559
1.5.8
237
6.7
1,783
Rate per 100,000
4.6
(b) Manslaughter by negli-
gence:
Number of persons
charged-. - _.-
1,353
Rate per 100,000 .. --
3.5
Robbery:
Number of persons charged. _
Rate per 100,000 . _ .
8,311
21.2
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged- _
Rate per 100,000
11, 407
29.1
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged. _
Rate per 100,000
52, 766
134.8
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100,000
28, 410
72.6
Larceny— theft:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100,000 ...
a 66. 586
171.4
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100,000
12, 261
31.3
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100,000
« 8, 952
22.9
Stolen property; buying, receiv-
ing, possessing:
Number of persons charged. _
Rate per 100,000
3,945
10.1
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100,000 -. .--
4,606
11.8
Rape:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100,000
2,733
7.0
For footnotes, see end of table.
Table 14.-
25
-Persons charged {held for prosecution), 198.9, number and rate per
100,000 inhabilants, by population groups — Continued
Group I
Group
II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
Offense charged
25 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
17,055,000
■
38
cities,
100,000
to
250,000;
popu-
lation,
5,382,215
69
cities,
50.000
to
100,000;
popu-
lation,
4,716,590
106
cities.
25,000
to
50,000;
popu-
lat on,
3,623,552
1, 260
34.8
1,295
35.7
00
1.8
519
14.3
2,396
66.1
2,318
64.0
5,510
152. 1
"211,331
6, 929. 8
12,211
337.0
57, 233
1, 579. 5
7,136
196.9
3,643
100.5
16,992
468.9
310
cities,
10,000
to
25,000;
popu-
lation,
4,835,725
666
cities
under
10,000;
popu-
lat on,
3,534,015
Total.
1,214
cities;
total pop-
ulation,
39,147,097
Prostitution and commercialized
vice:
Number of persons charged. _
Rate per 100,000
'23,011
137.5
4,558
26.7
1,830
10.7
2, 571
15.1
10, 445
61.2
6, 037
35.4
11, 489
67.4
" 1,614,829
10, 493. 5
79, 155
464. 1
254, 078
1, 489. 8
25, 771
151.1
38, 903
228.1
78,049
457.6
4, 555
84.6
1,838
34.1
256
4.8
753
14.0
« 3, 709
70.5
5,538
102.9
4,857
90.2
■2448,824
8, 883. 4
19, 479
361.9
102, 150
1, 897. 9
16, 479
306.2
7,759
144.2
24,223
450.1
2, 033
43.1
1,809
38.4
126
2.7
739
15.7
6 1, 878
40.4
4,867
103.2
5,348
113.4
13327,300
7, 045. 5
16, 504
349.9
61, 669
1, 307. 5
13, 521
286.7
7,047
149.4
22. 803
483.5
814
16.8
1,098
22.7
111
2.3
553
11.4
1,638
33.9
2,222
46.9
7,171
148.3
222, 852
4, 608. 5
18, 232
377.0
70,788
1, 463. 9
10, 427
215. 6
3,206
66.3
16,282
336.7
331
9.4
551
15.6
83
2.3
360
10.2
828
23.4
1,134
32.1
7,121
201.5
138,000
3, 904. 9
13, 836
391.5
46, 592
1,318.4
6,156
174.2
1,552
43.9
10, 669
301.9
8 32,004
82.4
Sex offenses (except rape and
prostitution) :
Number of persons charged . .
Rate per 100,000
11, 149
28.5
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged..
Rate per 100,000-.
2,472
6.3
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc.:
Number of persons charged.-.
Rate per 100,000.
5, 495
14.0
Offenses against family and chil-
dren:
Number of persons charged...
Rate per 100,000
'0 20, 894
53.6
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged...
Rate per 100,000
22,116
56.5
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged . .
Rate per 100,000.
41,496
106.0
Traffic and motor-vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged...
Rate per 100,000
16 2,963,1.36
8, 004. 1
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged...
Rate per 100,000
159,417
407.2
Drunkenne.ss:
.Number of persons charged...
Rate per 100,000
592, 510
1,513.5
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged...
Rate per 100,000
79, 490
203.1
Gambling:
Number of persons charged...
Rate per 100,000.
62, 110
158.7
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged...
Rate per 100,000...
169. 018
431.8
1-18 The number of pensons charged and the rate ate based on the reports from the number of cities indi-
cated below:
Footnote
Cities
Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
1
2
3..
4
5
36
1,212
68
1,213
68
5, 079, 915
38, 844, 797
4, 657, 090
39, 087, 597
4, 650, 890
6
7.
8
9
10
1,213
24
1,213
37
1,212
39, 081, 397
16, 737, 100
38, 829, 197
5, 264, 615
38, 963, 797
11
12
13
14
15.
24
36
68
104
1,208
15, 388, 900
5,052,415
4, 645, 490
3, 503, 852
37. 020, 397
Of the persons formally charged by police departments with traffic
violations, 59 percent had violated some parking regulation. Thirty-
one percent of the persons charged with traffic infractions were pro-
ceeded against for violations of road and driving laws with respect to
the proper handling of a motor vehicle in order to avoid accidents,
such as failure to obey traffic signal, improper speed, recldess driving,
and operating with unsafe equipment. The remaining 10 percent were
26
charged with violatmg some other type of traffic or motor- vehicle law,
including failure to secure proper license for car or driver, leaving scene
of an accident, lack of title, and obscured or defective markers.
Figures concerning persons charged with traffic violations and the
rate per 100,000 inhabitants for 6 different groups of cities divided
according to size are presented in table 15.
Table 15. — Persons charged {held for prosecution), traffic violations, except driving
while intoxicated, 1939; number and rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population
groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Offense charged
Road and driving laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Parking violations:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Other traffic and motor-vehicle
laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
18 cities
24 cities.
48 cities,
73 cities.
218 cities,
508 cities
over
100,000 to
50,000 to
25,000 to
10.000 to
under
250,000;
250,000;
100,000;
50,000;
25,000;
10,000;
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
tion.
tion.
tion.
tion,
tion.
tion.
11,234.800
3,358,107
3,278,034
2,509,833
3,456,110
2,758,675
■
376, 179
55, 343
61, 493
29, 505
47, 707
39, 561
3, 348. 3
1, 648. 0
1, 875. 9
1,175.6
1, 380. 4
1, 434. 1
493, 659
262, 392
141, 293
106, 783
110,335
44, 095
4, 394. 0
7, 813. 7
4,310.3
4, 254. 6
3, 192. 5
1, 598. 4
125. 488
18,016
19. 417
10, 779
9,958
12, 322
1,117.0
536. 5
592.3
429.5
288.1
446.7
Total,
889 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
26,595,559
609, 788
2, 292. 8
1,158,557
4, 356. 2
195, 980
736. 9
Offenses Known, Offenses Cleared by Arrest, and Persons Found Guilty.
Last year 76.9 percent of the persons held for prosecution for
part I classes of oft'enses (homicide, rape, robbery, aggravated assault,
burglary, larceny, and auto theft) were found guilty by the courts,
according to the reports received from 78 police departments in
cities over 25,000 in population. These reports showed that of the
36,222 persons formally charged, 23,755 (65.6 percent) were found
guilty as charged, and 4,096 (11.3 percent) were found guilty of a
lesser offense.
The detailed figures for the individual oflFenses are presented in
table 16 and show not only the offenses known and the offenses
cleared by arrest for the cities represented, but also the number of
persons formally charged by the police and the number that were
found guilty.
For the part II offense classes, 79.0 percent of the persons held for
prosecution were found guilty. The police departments in the
cities represented charged 1,173,642 persons with the violations
shown in table 17. Of these, 921,718, or 78.6 percent, were found
guilty of the offense charged, and 4,969, or 0.4 percent, were found
guilty of lesser offenses.
The figures for the part II offense classes presented in table 17
indicate only the number of persons arrested and the number of
persons found guilty, inasmuch as the annual reports provide for the
listing of offenses committed only for the part I classes.
In several instances the offense classes shown in table 17 are not
identical with those shown in table 14. This is due to the fact that
some of the reports did not include separate figures for the offense
classes which have been consolidated in table 17.
27
Tlie figures in tables 10 and 17 are limited to the reports received
from 7S police de])ai-tments. inasmuch as a careful examination of
them indicated that they had been properly compiled with reference
to this particular type of information. For record purposes, it may
be noted that if all persons listed as found ouiUy were indicated as
havintr been found guilty of the offense charged, the report was not
inchuled in the tabulation. Similarly the reports showing an un-
usually low or exceedingly high proportion of persons found guilty
were excluded, on the assumption that they were probably not
correct. An additional requirement for inclusion of the report in
these compilations was that it be accompanied by a statement in-
dicating affirmatively that the figures concerning persons found
guilty represented the final disposition of the charge as distinguished
from the disposition at some intermediate judicial stage.
Table 16. — Offenses knoivn, offenses cleared by arrest, and number of persons found
guilty, 1989; 78 cities over 25,000 in population
[Total population, 12,801,421, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Offense (Part I classes)
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent
manslaughter
(6) Manslaughter by negli-
gence
Rape
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary^breaking or entering
Larceny— theft (except auto theft).
Auto theft
Number
of offenses
known
to the
police
771
379
1,335
12, 185
5,197
40,587
115, 785
17, 475
Number
of offenses
cleared
by arrest
667
305
958
4,629
3,335
14, 084
25, 849
3,717
Number
of persons
charged
(held for
prosecu-
tion)
635
465
834
3,034
3,688
7,061
18, 018
2,487
Number
found
guilty of
offense
charged
315
144
355
1,597
1,792
4,061
13,719
1,772
Number
found
guilty of
lesser
offense
79
21
167
819
412
1,438
894
266
Total
found
guilty (of
offense
charged
or lesser
offense)
394
165
522
2,416
2,204
5,499
14,613
2,038
Per-
cent-
age
found
guilty
62.0
35.5
62.6
79.6
59.8
77.9
81.1
81.9
Table 17. — Number of persons charged {held for prosecution) and number found
guilty, 1939; 78 cities over 25,000 in population
[Total population, 12,801,421, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census!
Offense (Part II classes)
Other assaults
Forgery and counterfeiting
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Sex offenses (including prostitution and commercial
ized vice)
Offenses against the family and children...
Narcotic drug laws
Lifjuor laws
Drunkenness; disorderly conduct and vagrancy
Gambling
Driving while intoxicated
Traffic and motor-vehicle laws
.\11 other offenses
Number
of persons
charged
(held for
Number
Number
Total
found
found
found
guilty (of
guilty of
guilty of
offense
offense
lesser
charged or
tion)
charged
offense
of lesser
offense)
14, 022
8,667
242
8,909
988
695
104
799
3,985
2,164
267
2,431
1,309
709
111
820
1, 604
1,191
76
1,267
17, 755
7,528
156
7,684
■ 8, 205
1 4, 424
1 192
14.616
804
495
14
509
6,516
5,113
148
5,261
206, 475
133, 785
938
134, 723
17, 531
8,702
233
8, 935
8,533
6,522
813
7,335
2 843, 054
2 718, 379
>915
2 719, 294
42, 861
23, 344
760
24, 104
Percent-
age
found
guilty
63.5
80.9
61.0
62.6
79.0
43.3
1 56.3
63.3
80.7
65.2
51.0
86.0
2 85.3
66.2
1 Based on reports of 77 cities with a total population of 12,683,821.
2 Based on reports of 77 cities with a total population of 11,135,321.
28
00
<A
P
O
l-H
29
ij^W
i;v*^ ^^^
Pi
D
O
30
Persons Released (Not Held for Prosecution), 1939.
The annual report concerning persons dealt with by the police
provides for a listing of the number of persons taken into custody who
were released without any formal charge having been placed against
them. Information of this type based on reports received from
police departments of 872 cities with a total population of 23,955,440
is presented in table 18. The number of cities represented is sub-
stantially less than in table 14 because the reports were excluded if
there were no entries in the column devoted to persons released, or if
the entries appeared to be incomplete, or otherwise incorrect. Reports
listing persons released opposite only the classification ''suspicion"
were included in the compilation.
The figures in the following table include persons who were taken
into custody because it was thought they had been involved in the
commission of crimes and who were later released either because it
was found that they were innocent or because of insufficient evidence.
Also, the table includes instances in which youthful persons were
taken into custody but were released because the complaining wit-
nesses refused to prosecute when they learned of the youth of the
offender. Likewise, the compilation includes individuals who were
taken into custody and released with a reprimand or on the "golden
rule" principle. Persons summoned, notified, or cited to appear in
court or at a police traffic bureau because of alleged violations, who
failed to appear in response thereto, and who were not subsequently
arrested, are also represented in table 18. Warning tags issued in
some cities for minor violations of traffic regulations are also repre-
sented in the following tabulation.
With reference to the classification "suspicion," it should be noted
that if a person was taken into custody because it was suspected
that he had been involved in the commission of a specific offense,
his arrest and subsequent release without being held for prosecution
should be listed opposite the offense class involved. Entries in table
18 opposite "suspicion" should be limited to instances in which
persons were taken into custody because of circumstances which
caused the police to believe that they had been involved in criminal
activities of some nature, although they were not taken into custody
in connection with some specific offense. From an examination of
the reports received, it appears probable that in some instances the
entries were placed opposite "suspicion" when they would have been
more properly listed opposite some other offense class in accordance
with the foregoing explanation.
31
Table 18. — Persons released without being held for prosecution, 1939; mimber and
rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Offense
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent
manslaughter:
Number of persons released. .
Rate per 100,000
(6) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons released. .
Rate per 100,000
Robbery:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
-Aggravated assault:
Number of persons released. .
Rate per 100,000
Other assaults:
Number of persons released .
Rate per 100,000
Burglary — breaking or entering:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Larceny — theft:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons released .
Rate per 100,000..
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
possessing:
Number of persons released .
Rate per 100,000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons released . .
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercialized
vice:
Number of persons released. . .
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and prosti-
tution):
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Offenses againstfamily and children:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Numberof persons released
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor- vehicle laws:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000.
For footnotes, see end of table.
Group
I
16 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
8,982,500
115
1.3
90
1.0
745
8.3
615
6.8
2,309
2.5.7
1,321
14.7
3,249
36.2
471
5.2
347
3.9
161
1.8
78
.9
202
2.2
5,389
60.0
192
2.1
200
2.2
166
1.8
184
2.0
532
5.9
63
.7
5 128, 727
1, 864. 6
2, 587
28.8
Group
II
21 cities,
100, 000 to
2.50,000;
popula-
tion,
2,957,797
6
.2
12
.4
135
4.6
139
4.7
271
9.2
453
15.3
673
22.8
204
6.9
73
2.5
38
1.3
37
1.3
39
1.3
346
11.7
77
2.6
38
1.3
34
1.1
'13
.5
254
8.6
48
1.6
0 87, 515
3, 330. 1
600
20.3
Group
III
46 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
3,113,258
21
.7
24
.8
126
4.0
115
3.7
304
9.8
486
15.6
1,435
46.1
136
4.4
117
3.8-
<80
2.6
82
2.6
63
2.0
91
2.9
138
4.4
37
1.2
47
1.5
I 95
3.1
198
6.4
86
2.8
26, 276
858.5
967
31.1
Group
IV
74 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
2,620,064
23
.9
10
.4
84
3.2
22
149
5.7
317
12.1
677
25.8
123
4.7
18
.7
27
1.0
32
1.2
16
.6
17
.6
77
2.9
3
.1
4
.2
57
2.2
40
1.8
67
2.6
' 50, 131
1, 935. 6
555
21.2
Group
V
234 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
3,646,611
12
.3
9
.2
173
4.7
83
2.3
539
14.8
802
22.0
1,650
45.2
248
6.8
138
3.8
105
2.9
93
2.6
35
1.0
45
1.2
91
2.5
19
.5
27
.7
306
8.4
95
2.6
143
3.9
59, 956
1, 644. 2
1,560
42.8
Group
VI
481 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
2,635,210
9
.3
12
.5
139
5.3
79
3.0
367
13.9
838
31.8
1,321
50.1
259
9.8
68
2.6
105
4.0
83
3.1
45
1.7
82
3.1
74
2.8
23
35
1.3
230
8.7
100
3.8
233
33, 818
1, 283. 3
1,515
57.5
Total,
872 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
23,955,440
186
157
.7
1,402
5.9
1,053
4.4
3,939
16.4
4,217
17.6
9,005
37.6
1,441
6.0
761
3.2
2 516
2.2
405
1.7
400
1.7
5,970
24.9
649
2.7
320
1.3
313
1.3
<885
3.7
1,225
5.1
640
2.7
« 386, 423
1, 800. 3
7,784
32.5
32
Table 18. — Persons released without being held for prosecution, 1939; number and
rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
I
11
111
IV
V
VI
Total,
872 cities;
Offense
16 cities
21 cities.
46cities,
74 cities.
234cities,
481 cities
total
over
100,000 to
50,000 to
25,000 to
10,000 to
under
popula-
250,000;
250,000;
100,000;
50,000:
25,000:
10,000;
tion,
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
23,955,440
tion,
tion,
tion.
tion.
tion.
tion.
8,982,500
2,957,797
3,113,258
2,620,064
3,646,611
2,635,210
Drunkenness:
Number of persons released
37, 396
4,871
15, 454
3.090
5,664
6,960
73, 435
Rate per 100,000
416.3
164.7
496.4
117.9
155.3
264.1
306.5
Vagrancy:
Number of persons released
205
1,251
1,012
1,746
2,449
5,358
12. 021
Rate per 100,000
2.3
42.3
32.5
66.6
67.2
203.3
50.2
Gambling:
Number of persons released
12, 869
141
283
29
171
182
13, 675
Rate per 100,000
143.3
4.8
9. 1
1. 1
4.7
6.9
57.1
Suspicion:
Number of persons released
66, 437
12, 460
20, 040
7,909
13, 401
6,960
127, 207
Rate per 100,000
739.6
421.3
643.7
301.9
367.5
264.1
531.0
All other oflenses:
Number of persons released
7,304
2,999
2,789
2,592
4,447
2,394
22, 525
Rate per 100,000
81.3
101.4
89.6
98.9
121.9
90.8
94.0
'-'The number of persons released and the rate are based on the reports from the number of cities indicated
below:
Footnote
Cities
Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
1
2
45
871
20
3, 047, 558
23, 889, 740
2, 840, 197
4
5
6
870
14
19
23, 772, 140
6, 903, 800
2, 627, 997
7
8
45
73
866
3, 060, 758
2. 589. 964
3
9
21, 464, 340
The figures in table 18 opposite the classification traflfic and motor-
vehicle laws include all types of violations of traffic laws, inasmuch as
more detailed information was not included on many of the reports
used. The reports of 605 cities, however, did present detailed figures
of this type, and the available data are shown in table 19 for 6 different
groups of cities.
It -is noted that 74.6 percent of the persons released were shown
opposite the classification parking violations, and the corresponding
percentages for road and driving laws and other traffic and motor-
vehicle laws were 17.7 and 7.7 percent, respectively. The high per-
centage of "persons released" for parking violations undoubtedly is the
result of the issuance of parking tickets without the subsequent re-
sponse of the offender or his arrest by the police, and the practice
employed in some jurisdictions of issuing warning tags.
33
Table 19. — Persons released without being held for prosecution, traffic violations,
except driving while intoxicated, 1939; number and rate per 100,000 inhabitants,
by population groxips
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Offense
Road and driving laws:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Parlcing violations:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Other trafTic and motor-vehicle laws:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Group I
9 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
3,801,600
22. 633
595.4
22, 443
590.4
3,158
83. 1
Group
II
15 cities,
100,000
to
2,50,000;
popula-
tion,
1,968,397
II, 707
594.7
68,364
3, 473. 1
7,444
378.2
Group
III
30cities.
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
2,125,058
2,047
96.3
22, 327
1, 050. 7
2,978
140.1
Group
IV
47cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
1,661,068
2,696
162.3
19, 474
1, 172. 4
3,479
209.4
Group
V
167 cit-
ies,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
2,507,609
2,842
113.3
46, 746
1, 864. 2
1,312
52.3
Group
VI
337 cit-
ies un-
der
10,000;
popula-
tion,
1,874,380
5,665
302. 2
21, 035
1, 1 22. 2
2,183
116.5
Total,
605 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
13,938,112
47, 590
341.4
200,389
1, 437. 7
20,554
147.5
Percentage of Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1934-39.
Annual trends in the percentage of offenses cleared by arrest are
shown in table 20. With the exception of auto theft the compilation
does not show for any of the types of crimes a regular annual improve-
ment in the proportion of cases cleared. It is interesting to note,
however, that the reports of the 47 cities representing a total popula-
tion of 16,490,615 have shown a rather steady increase over the. period
of 1934-39 in the percentage of auto thefts cleared by arrest. The
proportion of offenses of auto theft cleared increased from 13.4 percent
in 1934 to 22.5 percent in 1939. For all the other crimes except
larceny slight decreases were seen in the percentage of offenses cleared
during 1939 as compared with 1938 in the cities represented.
Table 20. — Percentage of offenses cleared by arrest, 1934-39
[47 cities over 100,000, total population 16,490,615, as estimated .Tuly 1, 1933, by the Bureau of thejCensus]
Year
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
Criminal homicide
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
Bur-
glary—
Lar-
Murder,
Man-
Rape
vated
break-
ceny-
nonnegli-
slaughter
assault
ing or
theft 1
gent man-
by negli-
entering
slaughter
gence
80.0
80.8
77.7
35.6
64.5
29.0
24.0
84.7
74.3
69.7
47.6
60.8
33.6
24.8
81.0
80.7
71.2
44.8
62.7
37.6
23.9
80.0
81.3
72.1
35.8
65.0
32.8
22.7
89.3
81.9
76.3
42.9
70.2
36.7
21.2
86.6
81.4
75.1
41.0
69.2
35.6
21.4
Auto
theft 2
13.4
17.2
19.2
23.5
21.4
22.5
1 The data for larceny — theft are based on reports of 45 cities with a total population of 16,091,481.
2 The data for auto theft are based on reports of 43 cities with a total population of 12,099,915.
34
1—1
S i
H
H
Of
35
Offenses Knoirn, Offenses Cleared by Arrest, and Persons Charged, by
(Geographic Divisions, 1939.
Many persons stiidyint; average figures concerning ofrenses coni-
inittod, offenses cleared by arrest, and persons charged, will undouDt-
edly he interested in such data for a i)articular locality or geographic
division. In the preceding tables, the figures are for the various
groups of cities divided accordhig to size only; and the information
presented in tables 21-38 is based on the same reports. However, the
cities have been divided into nine geographic divisions, and within
each division the cities have been further subdivided according to size.
This makes it possible to compare local figures concerning offenses
cleared by arrest and persons charged with average figures for cities
of the same size in the same section of the United States.
In tables such as those which follow, where the cities are divided
according to size within each geographic division, in some of the
groui)s the total number of cities represented is necessarily small.
Under such circumstances considerable variation in the proportion of
offenses cleared by arrest is to be expected. Unusually low figures
may be partially attributable to a failure to maintain a complete
record of offenses cleared. Likewise, inadequate personnel would
cause a tendency toward low figures. On the other hand, figures
showing an unusually high proportion of offenses cleared may indicate
a failure to maintain a complete record of all crimes committed, par-
ticularly thefts involving property of comparatively small value.
Such incompleteness in the record of offenses committed would tend to
result in an artificially high figure concerning the percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest.
Figures for prostitution and commercialized vice may be considered
conservative, inasmuch as in many jurisdictions, persons taken into
custody for such violations are charged with vagrancy or disorderly
conduct, and such arrests would of course be listed opposite those
offense classes.
For a list of the States included in the nine geographic divisions,
reference may be made to the data immediately preceding table 4 of
this issue of the bulletin.
36
Table 21.-
-Numher of offenses knoivn, number and -percentage of offenses cleared by
arrest, 1939, by population groups
NEW ENGLAND STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
Bur-
glary—
break-
Lar-
ceny-
Population group
Murder,
Man-
Auto
theft
nonnegli-
slaughter
assault
mgor
theft
gent man-
by negli-
entering
slaughter
gence
Group I.— 2 cities over 250,000;
total population, 1,042,500:
Number of offenses known ,
8
51
127
375
201
1,637
4.033
3,255
Number cleared by arrest
7
50
125
258
195
983
2,680
795
Percentage cleared by arrest. ..
87.5
98.0
98.4
68.8
97.0
60.0
66.5
24.4
Group 11.— 10 cities, 100,000 to
250,000; total population, 1,378,105:
Number of offenses known
15
24
74
302
197
5,320
9,959
2,998
Number cleared by arrest
13
24
73
112
153
1,387
2,209
627
Percentage cleared by arrest
86.7
100.0
98.6
37.1
77.7
26.1
22.2
20.9
Group III.— 7 cities, 50,000 to 100,-
000, total population, 479,699:
Number of offenses known
2
10
38
55
19
1.260
2,719
575
Number cleared by arrest
2
10
33
28
20
337
645
115
Percentage cleared by arrest _.-
100.0
100.0
86.8
50.9
105.3
26.7
23.7
20.0
Group IV.— 19 cities, 25,000 to 50,-
000; total population, 686,892:
Number of offenses known
4
10
32
99
70
2,017
4.439
766
Number cleared by arrest
4
10
30
59
53
651
1,332
211
Percentage cleared by arrest...
100.0
100.0
93.8
59.0
75.7
32.3
30.0
27.5
Group v.— 45 cities, 10,000 to 25,-
000; total population, 722,606:
Number of offenses known
3
18
39
66
41
1,479
3,443
432
Number cleared by arrest
1
16
37
39
35
437
930
144
Percentage cleared by arrest.. .
33.3
88.9
94.9
59.1
85.4
29.5
27.0
33.3
Group VI.— 36 cities under 10,000;
total population, 232,255:
Number of offenses known
5
25
14
4
502
789
117
Number cleared by arrest
5
23
6
3
234
258
60
Percentage cleared by arrest
100.0
92.0
42.9
75.0
46.6
32.7
51.3
Total, 119 cities; total population,
4,542,057:
Number of oflenses known
32
118
335
911
532
12,215
25,382
8,143
Number cleared by arrest
27
115
321
502
459
4,029
8,054
1.952
Percentage cleared by arrest...
84.4
97.5
95.8
55.1
86.3
33.0
31.7
24.0
Table 22. — Persons charged {held for prosecution) , 1939, number and rate per 100,000
inhabitants, by population groups
NEW ENGLAND STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Group I
Group II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
Total,
119 cities;
Offense charged
2 cities
10 cities.
7 cities.
19 cities,
45 cities.
36 cities
total
over
100,000 to
50,900 to
25,000 to
10,000 to
under
popula-
250,000;
250,000;
100,000;
50,000;
25,000;
10,000;
tion.
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
4,542,057
tion,
tion,
tion.
tion.
tion.
tion.
1,042,500
1,378,105
479,699
686,892
722.606
232,255
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent
manslaughter:
Number of persons charged
9
9
1
3
1
23
Rate per 100,000
.9
.7
.2
.4
.1
0.5
(6) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons charged
83
27
10
7
16
5
148
Rate per 100,000
8.0
2.0
2.1
1.0
2.2
2.2
3.3
Robbery:
Number of persons charged
399
142
37
66
49
11
704
Rate per 100,000
38.3
10.3
7.7
9.6
6.8
4.7
15.5
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
193
163
27
68
44
5
500
Rate per 100,000
18.5
11.8
5.6
9.9
6.1
2.2
11.0
37
Table 22. — Persons charged (held for prosecution) , 1939, number and rate per 100,000
inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
NEW ENGLAND STATES— Continued
O Sense charged
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000
Burglary — breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000..
Larceny— thoft :
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000.
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged j .
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
possessing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercialized vice:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000...
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitu-
tion):
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000.
Offenses against family and children:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor-vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 _.
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000..
Gambling:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000..
Group I
2 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
1,042,500
10 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
1,378,105
1.386
132.9
1,606
154. 1
2,580
247.5
779
74.7
149
14.3
240
23.0
65
6.2
127
12.2
221
21.2
1,496
143. 5
202
19.4
171
16.4
903
86.6
179
17.2
543
52.1
60,982
5, 849. 6
408
39.1
43, 893
4,210.4
104
15.7
1,487
142.6
6,798
652.1
Group II
1,319
9.5.7
1,095
79.5
2,115
153.5
449
32.6
164
11.9
138
10.0
83
6.0
85
6.2
186
13.5
842
61.1
41
3.0
73
5.3
1,471
106.7
283
20.5
"' 838
60.8
70, 792
5,136.9
2,164
157.0
25, 262
1,8.33.1
1,027
74.5
932
67.6
6, 866
498.2
Group
III
7 cities,
.50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
479,699
426
88.8
237
49.4
534
111.3
99
20.6
24
5.0
28
5.8
13
2.7
35
7.3
8
1.7
240
50.0
16
3.3
341
71.1
23
4.8
283
59.0
I 3, 795
928.8
314
65.5
8,899
1, 855. 1
202
42.1
297
61.9
1,025
213.7
Group
IV
19 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
686,892
638
92.9
4,52
6.5.8
1, 165
169.6
167
24.3
36
5.2
41
6.0
22
3.2
23
3.3
46
6.7
259
37.7
1.2
27
3.9
564
82.1
92
13.4
560
81.5
16, 786
2, 443. 8
529
77.0
7,745
1, 127. 5
388
56.5
363
52.8
1,949
283.7
Group
V
45 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
722,606
535
74.0
373
51.6
818
113.2
170
2.3.5
52
7.2
49
6.8
13
1.8
41
5.7
8
1.1
221
30.6
1
.1
25
3.5
465
64.4
58
8.0
883
122.2
9,771
1, 352. 2
382
52.9
7,617
1,054.1
538
74.5
212
29.3
2,210
305.8
Group
VI
36 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
232,255
232
99.9
166
71.5
236
101.6
54
23.3
22
9.5
24
10.3
12
5.2
22
9.5
83
35.7
10
4.3
149
64.2
28
12.1
389
167. 5
2,361
1,016.6
140
60.3
2,090
899.9
66
28.4
47
20.2
6,52
280.7
Total,
119 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
4,542,057
4,636
99.9
3,929
86.5
7,448
164.0
1,718
37.8
447
520
11.4
208
4.6
333
7.3
469
10.3
3,141
69.2
252
5.5
322
7.1
3,893
85.7
663
14.6
3,496
77.0
a 164, 487
3, 679. 0
3,937
86.7
95, 506
2, 102. 7
2,385
,52.5
3,338
73.5
19, 500
429.3
'-' The number of persons charged and the rate are based on the reports of the number of cities as fol-
lows: (1) 6 cities, 408,599 population; (2) 118 cities, 4,470,957 population.
38
Table 23.-
-Number of offenses known, number and percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest, 1939, by population groups
MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
Bur-
glary—
break-
Lar-
ceny-
Population group
Murder,
Man-
Auto
theft
nonnegli-
slaughter
assault
ing or
theft
gent man-
by negli-
entering
slaughter
gence
Group I.— 3 cities over 250,000;
total population, 2,890,600:
Number of offenses known
148
48
154
926
777
3,872
7,121
3,914
Number cleared by arrest
137
46
147
546
680
1,893
2,922
589
Percentage cleared by arrest. _.
92.6
95.8
95.5
59.0
87.5
48.9
41.0
15.0
Group II.— 7 cities, 100,000 to 250,-
000; total population, 968,000:
Number of offenses known
9
46
62
151
154
2,158
5,127
1,415
Number cleared by arrest
9
43
56
68
128
790
1,759
243
Percentage cleared by arrest...
100.0
93.5
90.3
45.0
83.1
36.6
34.3
17.2
Group III.— 15 cities, 50,000 to 100,-
000; total population, 1,098,800:
Number of offenses known
28
9
77
237
337
3,435
6,341
1,536
Number cleared by arrest
27
fi
81
127
291
950
1.575
269
Percentage cleared by arrest
96.4
66.7
105.2
53.6
86.4
27.7
24.8
17.5
Group IV.— 20 cities, 25,000 to 50,-
000; total population, 660,700:
Number of offenses known
9
26
75
121
154
1,479
3,451
695
Number cleared by arrest
5
25
62
55
146
504
884
146
Percentage cleared by arrest...
55.6
96.2
82.7
45.5
94.8
34.1
25.6
21.0
Group v.— 78 cities, 10,000 to 25,-
000; total population, 1,260,063:
Number of offenses known
20
43
68
154
235
2,529
5,702
1,126
Number cleared by arrest
19
35
63
68
195
843
1,534
349
Percentage cleared by arrest.. .
95.0
81.4
92.fi
44.2
83.0
33.3
26.9
31.0
Group VI.— 202 cities under 10,000;
total population, 1,036,114:
Number of offenses known
15
39
75
110
122
1,598
3,060
547
Number cleared by arrest
12
38
65
66
120
635
996
236
Percentage cleared by arrest...
80.0
97.4
86.7
60.0
98.4
39.7
32.5
43.1
Total, 325 cities; total population,
7,914,277:
Number of offenses known
229
211
511
1,699
1,779
15,071-
30,802
9,233
Number cleared by arrest
209
193
474
930
1,560
5,615
9,670
1,832
Percentage cleared by arrest...
91.3
91.5
92.8
54.7
87.7
37.3
31.4
19.8
Table 24. — Persons charged {held for prosecution), 1939, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Group I
Group II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group V
Group
VI
Total,
325 cities,
total
3 cities
7 cities.
15 cities,
20 cities,
78 cities,
202 cities
Offense charged
over
100,000
to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
968,000
50,000 to
25,000 to
10,000 to
under
popula-
250,000;
100,000;
50,000;
25,000;
10,000;
tion.
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
7,914, 277
tion.
tion,
tion.
tion.
tion.
2, 890, 600
1, 098, 800
660,700
1, 260, 063
1,036,114
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent
manslaughter:
Number of persons charged
136
8
26
5
20
11
206
Rate per 100,000
4.7
.8
2.4
.8
1.6
1.1
2.6
(6) Mans aughter by negligence:
Number of persons charged
43
49
17
27
39
37
212
Rate per 100,000
1.5
5.1
1.5
4.1
3.1
3.6
2.7
Robbery:
Number of persons charged
431
71
130
76
82
98
888
Rate per 100,000
14.9
7.3
11.8
11.5
6.5
9.5
11.2
39
Table 24. — Persons charged {held for prosecution),
100,000 hihabitants, by population groups-
19S9, number
-Continued
and rate per
MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES— Continued
Offense charged
Agsravatpd assault:
Number of persons charged
Hate per 100,000
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Burglary — breaking or entering:
Number of jiersons charged
Rate per 100.000
Larceny — theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number o f persons charged
Rate per 100,000_.
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number o f persons charged
Rate per 100,000 _
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
possessing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercialized vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitu-
tion) :
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and children:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number o f persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number o f persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor-vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000.
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Group I
Group II
Group
III
Group
IV
GroupV
3 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
2, 890, 600
7 cities,
100,000
to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
968,000
15 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
1, 098, 800
20 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
060, 7(X)
78 cities,
10,000 to
2.5,000;
popula-
tion,
1,260,003
740
25.6
159
16.4
307
27.9
153
23.2
234
18.6
4,414
152.7
1,288
133.1
852
77.5
1,296
196.2
1,439
114.2
1,861
64.4
466
48.1
664
60.4
420
63.6
664
52.7
2,780
96.2
997
103.0
1,502
136.7
977
147.9
1,347
106. 9
1,011
35.0
153
15.8
256
23.3
131
19.8
272
21.6
150
5.2
112
n.6
189
17.2
152
23.0
199
15.8
292
10.1
28
2.9
78
7.1
40
6.1
59
4.7
98
3.4
61
6.3
66
6.0
38
5.8
98
7.8
151
5.2
66
6.7
92
8.4
66
10.0
72
5.7
5,721
197.9
436
45.0
432
39.3
91
13.8
88
7.0
435
15.0
90
9.3
191
17.4
121
18.3
221
17.5
167
5.8
17
1.8
24
2.2
4
0.6
14
LI
420
14.5
51
5.3
105
9.6
50
7.6
79
6.3
1,153
39.9
293
30.3
343
31.2
386
58.4
407
32.3
972
33.6
. 93
9.6
169
15.4
97
14.7
128
10.2
1,020
35.3
318
32.9
465
42.3
341
51.6
643
51.0
123, 552
4, 274. 3
74, 801
7, 727. 4
48,861
4, 446. 8
46,298
7, 007. 4
56, 223
4,461.9
10, 782
373.0
2,449
2,'i3.0
3,328
302.9
2,862
433.2
5,138
407.8
38, 694
1,338.6
10,976
1, 133. 9
10, 204
928.6
5,743
869.2
8,404
667. 0
3, 563
123. 3
822
84.9
1,475
134.2
485
73.4
1,094
86.8
1,763
61.0
286
29.5
387
35.2
290
4,3.9
348
27.6
14, 256
493.2
2,179
225.1
3,712
337.8
2,530
382.9
3,406
270.3
Group
VI
202 cities
under
10,0(X);
popula-
tion,
1. 036, 114
129
12.5
700
67.6
589
56.8
1,012
97.7
234
22.6
171
16.5
48
4.6
53
5.1
64
6.2
6
0.6
110
10.6
0.9
38
3.7
217
20.9
68
6.6
494
47.7
34, 465
3, 326. 4
4,145
400.1
4, 624
446.3
1.135
109.5
244
23.5
2,338
225. 7
Total,
325 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
7, 914, 277
1,722
21.8
9,989
126.2
4,664
58.9
8,615
108.9
2,057
26.0
973
12.3
645
6.9
414
5.2
510
6.4
6,774
85.6
1,168
14.8
235
3.0
743
9.4
2,799
35.4
1,527
19.3
3,281
41.5
384, 200
4, 854. 5
28,704
362. 7
78, 645
993.7
8,574
108.3
3,318
41.9
28,421
359.1
40
Table 25. — Niimher of offenses knoivn, number and percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest, 19S9, by population groups
EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census!
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
entering
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Population group
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Group 1— 9 cities over 250,000; total
population, 8,370,200:
Number of offenses known
499
234
953
11.010
3,315
29, 252
76, 017
11, 026
Number cleared by arrest
409
175
629
4,116
1,688
9,015
12, 754
2.108
Percentage cleared by arrest- __
82.0
74.8
66.0
37.4
50.9
30.8
16.8
19.1
Group II.— 6 cities, 100,000 to 250,-
000; total population, 871,100:
Number of offenses known
37
52
89
381
305
3,529
9.905
1,965
Number cleared by arrest
35
28
67
142
201
1.158
1.994
457
Percentage cleared by arrest. __
94.6
53.8
75.3
37.3
65.9
32.8
20.1
23.3
Group III.— 21 cities, 50,000 to 100,-
000: total population, 1.383,300:
Number of offenses known
24
33
109
664
245
4,148
11,024
1, 952
Number cleared by arrest
22
33
95
215
205
1,388
2,842
538
Percentage cleared by arrest...
91.7
100.0
87.2
32.4
83.7
33.5
25.8
27.6
Group IV.— 32 cities, 25,000 to 50,-
000; total population, 1,088,668:
Number of offenses known
40
19
72
340
137
3,224
9,478
1,673
Number cleared by arrest
38
17
64
112
126
1,019
2,509
452
Percentage cleared by arrest...
95.0
89.5
88.9
32.9
92.0
31.6
26.5
27.0
Group v.— 75 cities, 10,000 to 25,-
000: total population, 1,156,068:
Number of offenses known
22
10
74
366
119
3,120
8,348
1,319
Number cleared by arrest
19
9
58
117
108
929
2.048
370
Percentage cleared by arrest.. _
86.4
90.0
78.4
32.0
90.8
29.8
24.5
28.1
Group VI.— 174 cities under 10.000;
total population, 954,670:
Number of offenses known
22
15
70
245
122
2,243
4,435
812
Number cleared by arrest
13
12
51
107
99
840
1.366
296
Percentage cleared by arrest ...
59.1
80.0
72.9
43.7
81.1
37.4
30.8
36.5
Total, 317 cities; total population,
13,824,006:
Number of offenses known
644
363
1,367
13,006
4,243
45,516
119, 207
18, 747
Number cleared by arrest
536
274
964
4,809
2.427
14, 349
23, 513
4,221
Percentage cleared by arrest...
83.2
75.5
70.5
37.0
.57.2
31.5
19.7
22.5
Table 26. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1939, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population grorips
EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Offense charged
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent
manslaughter:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
(6) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Robbery:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100.000
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
9 cities
6 cities,
21 cities.
32 cities,
75 cities,
174 cities
over
100,000 to
50,000 to
25,000 to
10,000 to
under
250,000;
250,000;
100,000;
50,000;
25,000;
10,000;
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
tion,
tion,
tion.
tion.
tion,
tion,
8, 370, 200
871, 100
1, 383, 300
1,088,668
1,156,068
954, 670
379
35
19
32
30
12
4.5
4.0
1.4
2.9
2.6
1.3
318
23
32
14
6
13
3.8
2.6
2.3
1.3
0.5
1.4
2,430
141
139
132
148
99
29.0
16.2
10.0
12.1
12.8
10.4
1,895
181
229
126
131
85
22.6
20.8
16.6
11.6
11.3
8.9
8.114
1,125
1,081
1.051
727
561
98.9
129.1
78.1
96.5
62.9
58.8
Total,
317 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
13, 824, 006
507
3.7
406
2.9
3,089
22.3
2,647
19.1
12, 659
91.6
41
Table 26. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1939, mimhe.r and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES— Continued
Offense charged
Burglary — breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Larceny — theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
possessing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000.
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000_
Prostitution and commercialized vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and prosti-
tution):
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000..
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000.. _
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons charged..
Rate per 100,000
Oflenses against family and children:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Liquor lavFS:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000..
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor-vehicle laws:
Number of per.sons charged
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of i)ersons charged
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000.
Gambling:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
All other olfenses:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Group
Group
II
9 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
8, 370, 200
6 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
poiiula-
tion,
871, 100
4,090
48.9
672
77.1
9,758
llfi.6
1,245
142.9
1,246
14.9
251
28.8
3,291
39.3
231
26.5
708
8.5
76
8.7
420
5.0
115
13.2
568
6.8
76
8.7
9,731
116.3
303
34.8
1,832
21.9
160
18.4
582
7.0
15
1.7
889
10.6
57
6.5
5, 643
67.4
330
37.9
2,057
24.6
434
49.8
4,765
56.9
730
83,8
1597,557
8,913.3
2 91, 563
13,112.3
22, 061
263.6
2,072
237.9
89,924
1, 074. 3
7,208
827.5
7,125
85.1
1,767
202.8
24, 393
291.4
286
32.8
23, 049
275.4
2,309
205. 1
Group
III
21 cities,
.50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
1,383,300
594
42.9
1,701
123.0
282
20.4
270
19.5
7.1
164
11.9
94
6.8
426
30.8
312
22.6
7
0.5
118
8.5
479
34.6
267
19.3
1,929
139.4
108, 959
7, 876. 7
3,912
282.8
10, 956
792.0
1,946
140.7
1,090
78.8
7,065
510.7
Group
IV
32 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
1,088,668
561
.51. 5
1,682
154. 5
336
30.9
212
19.5
85
7.8
154
14.1
81
7.4
252
23.1
281
2.5.8
5
0.5
71
0.5
533
49.0
427
39.2
1,668
153.2
3 50, 679
4, 925. 2
2,851
261.9
11,850
1,088,5
953
87.5
586
53.8
4,173
383. 3
Group
V
75 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
1,156,068
769
66, 5
1,364
118.0
335
29.0
187
16.2
89
7.7
108
9.3
67
5.8
157
13.6
230
19.9
4
0.3
73
6.3
353
30.5
141
12.2
1,742
150, 7
41,044
3, 550. 3
3,336
288.6
9,720
840.8
749
64.8
407
35.2
3,260
282.0
Group
VI
174 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
954, 670
649
68.0
992
103.9
260
27.2
77
8.1
51
5.3
109
11.4
49
5.1
35
3.7
151
15.8
9
0.9
58
6.1
189
19.8
85
8.9
1,962
205.5
31, 275
3, 276. 0
2,411
252.5
7,142
748.1
484
50.7
273
28.6
2,411
252.5
Total,
317 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
13,824,006
7,335
53.1
16, 742
121,1
2,710
19.6
4,268
30.9
1,107
8.0
1,070
7.7
935
6.8
10,904
78.9
2,966
21.5
622
4.5
1,266
9.2
7,527
.54.4
3,411
24.7
12, 796
92.6
< 921, 077
7, 723. 7
36, 643
265.1
136, 800
989.6
13,024
94.2
27, 035
195.6
42, 267
305.8
-' The number of persons charged and the rate are based on the reports of the number of cities as follow.s :
Footnote
Cities
Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
1
8
5
6, 704, 100
698, 300
3
30
313
1 028 968
2
4
11,92,5,406
42
Table 27. — Number of offenses known, number and percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest, 19S9, by population groups
WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Population group
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
Auto
theft
slaughter
gence
entering
Group I.— 4 cities over 250,000;
total population, 1,998,500:
Number of offenses known
122
43
130
1,458
407
5,414
20, 846
3,390
Number cleared by arrest
106
39
113
861
372
2,915
6,433
1,310
Percentage cleared by arrest
86.9
90.7
86.9
59.1
91.4
53.8
30.9
38.6
Group II.— 4 cities, 100,000 to 250,-
000; total population, 582,600:
Number of offenses known
17
31
15
211
119
1,695
3,887
1,215
Number cleared by arrest
18
30
12
70
104
479
1.342
386
Percentage cleared by arrest —
105.9
96.8
80.0
33.2
87.4
28.3
34.5
31.8
Group III.— 6 cities, 50,000 to 100,-
000; total population, 405,600:
Number of offenses known
13
6
22
179
40
1,934
.5,292
861
Number cleared by arrest
13
6
22
57
30
465
1,052
188
Percentage cleared by arrest —
100.0
100.0
100.0
31.8
75.0
24.0
19.9
21.8
Group IV.— 6 cities, 25,000 to 50,-
000; total population, 202,900:
Number of offenses known
6
9
58
9
621
2,406
388
Number cleared by arrest. .
5
9
31
8
180
711
152
Percentage cleared by arrest .
100.0
100.0
53.4
88.9
29.0
29.6
39.2
Group v.— 40 cities, 10,000 to
25,000; total population, 560,023:
Number of offenses known
11
11
36
126
61
1,592
5, 093
836
Number cleared by arrest
9
9
33
47
56
610
1,381
345
Percentage cleared by arrest. . . .
81.8
81.8
91.7
37.3
91.8
38.3
27.1
41.3
Group VI.— 88 cities under 10,000;
total population, 422,140:
Number of offenses known
9
8
32
85
31
995
2,055
373
Number cleared by arrest
8
7
28
38
25
315
690
140
Percentage cleared by arrest
88.9
87.5
87.5
44.7
80.6
31.7
33.6
37.5
Total, 148 cities; total population,
4,171,763:
Number of offenses known
177
99
244
2,117
667
12. 251
39, 579
7,063
Number cleared by arrest
169
91
217
1,104
595
4,964
11.609
2,521
Percentage cleared by arrest —
89.8
91.9
88.9
52.1
89.2
40.5
29.3
3.5.7
Table 28. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1939, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Offense charged
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man
slaughter:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
(6) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Robbery:
Number of persons charged-.
Rate per 100,000
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Group
Group
II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
4 cities
over
250,000;
popu-
lation,
1,998,500
4 cities,
100,000
to
250,000;
popu-
lation,
582,600
6 cities,
50,000
to
100,000;
popu-
lation,
405,600
6 cities,
25,000
to
50,000;
popu-
lation,
202,-900
40
cities,
10,000
to
25,000;
popu-
lation,
560,023
88
cities
under
10,000;
popu-
lation,
422,140
110
5.5
19
3.3
10
2.5
2
1.0
10
1.8
6
1.4
69
3.5
4
0.7
5
1.2
9
1.6
8
1.9
910
45.5
66
11.3
34
8.4
24
11.8
68
12.1
50
11.8
556
27.8
59
10.1
24
5.9
9
4.4
54
9.6
26
6.2
2,903
145.3
553
94.9
205
50.5
65
32.0
367
65.5
177
41.9
Total,
148
cities;
total
popu-
lation,
1,171,763
157
3.8
95
2.3
1,152
27.6
728
17.5
4,270
102.4
43
Table 28.— Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1939, nitmher and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES— Continued
Offense charged
RurRlary— breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000 ,
Larceny — theft :
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number per persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possess-
ing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per lOO.OOO.^ -..
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged..
. Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons charged..
Rate i>er 100,000
Prostitution and commercialized vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution) :
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged..
Rate per 100,000
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000
Offenses against family and children:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
'I'rafBc and motor-vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged
Rate per KW.OOO
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Kate per 100,000..
Gambling:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Group
I
4 cities
over
2.'-)0,000;
popu-
lation,
i.ggs,^^!
1,476
73.9
3,399
170.1
1.064
53.2
610
.30.5
149
7.5
199
10.0
114
5.7
4,780
239.2
381
19.1
399
20.0
184
9.2
1.354
67.8
1. 120
56. 0
1.345
67.3
252. 296.
12, 624. 3
10, 915
546.2
18,320
916.7
5,910
295.7
2. 764
138.3
8,269
413.8
Group
II
4 cities,
100,000
to
250,000;
popu-
lation,
.582,600
334
57.3
1 1. 192
272.6
152
26.1
151
25.9
61
10.5
114
19.6
13
2.2
199
34.2
138
23.7
7
1.2
72
12.4
7 32
6.9
694
119.1
754
129.4
47, 183
8, 098. 7
1,092
187.4
12.688
2, 177. 8
3,061
525.4
612
105.0
1,377
236.4
Group
III
6 cities,
.50,000
to
100,000;
popu-
lation,
405,600
281
69.3
585
144.2
101
24.9
3 111
32.1
59
2.6
91
22.4
20
4.9
79
19.5
300
74.0
46
11.3
29
7.1
9 103
30.3
108
26.6
218
53.7
16, 263
4, 009. 6
817
201.4
5,744
1.416.2
880
217.0
1,157
285.3
538
132.6
Group
IV
6 cities,
25,000
to
50,000;
popu-
lation,
202,900
134
06.0
372
183.3
76
37.5
12
5.9
21
10.3
20
9.9
8
3.9
7
3.4
30
14.8
7
3.4
5
2.5
54
26.6
85
41.9
218
107.4
9,012
4,441.6
320
157.7
2.396
1,180.9
615
303.1
89
43.9
387
190.7
Group
V
40
cities,
10,000
to
25,000;
popu-
lation,
560,023
439
78.4
1,137
203.0
230
41.1
79
14.1
54
9.6
105
18.7
34
6.1
33
5.9
65
11.6
19
3.4
32
5.7
74
13.2
408
72.9
877
156.6
22, 270
3, 976. 0
1,328
237.1
7,938
1,417.4
1,107
197.7
2,50
44.6
1,185
211.6
Group
VI
cities
under
10,000;
popu-
lation,
422,140
293
69.4
529
125. 3
132
31.3
35
8.3
26
6.2
70
16. 6
25
5.9
40
9.5
25
5.9
21
5.0
19
4.5
84
19.9
205
48.6
623
147.6
11, 124
2, 635. 1
898
212.7
4,920
1, 165. 5
391
92.6
100
23.7
1,021
241.9
Total,
148
cities;
total
popu-
lation,
4,171,763
2,957
70.9
2 7, 214
179.2
1,755
42.1
<998
24.3
6320
7.8
599
14.4
214
5.1
5,138
123.2
939
22.5
499
12.0
341
8.2
» 1, 701
42.6
2,620
62.8
4,035
96.7
358, 148
8, 585. 1
15, 370
368.4
52,006
1.246.6
11,964
286.8
4,972
119.2
12, 777
306.3
'-• The number of persons charged and the rate are based on the reports of the number of cities, as follows:
Footnote
Cities
Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
1
3
147
5
147
5
437, 300
4, 026, 463
346, 100
4,112.263
339,900
6
147
3
5
146
4, 106, 063
2
7
465,000
3...
8
339.900
4
9
3, 988. 463
5
44
Table 29. — Number of offenses known, number and percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest, 1939, by popidation groups
SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
Bur-
glary—
Lar-
Auto
theft
Population group
Murder,
Man-
Kape
vated
break-
ceny-
nonnegli-
slaughter
assault
ing or
theft
gent man-
by negli-
entering
slaughter
gence
Group 1—2 cities over 250,000; total
population, 1,097,500:
Number of offenses known
173
28
120
898
1,013
4,148
8,177
3,959
Number cleared by arrest
147
26
107
375
981
1,468
2,544
441
Percentage cleared by arrest...
85.0
92.9
89.2
41.8
96.8
35.4
31.1
11.1
Group II.— 3 cities, 100,000 to
250,000; total population, 453,510:
Number of offenses known
98
52
88
491
766
3.504
9,628
1,599
Number cleared by arrest
81
49
75
186
572
732
1,669
263
Percentage cleared by arrest. . _
82.7
94.2
85.2
37.9
74.7
20.9
17.5
16.4
Group III.— 6 cities, 50,000 to
100.000; total population, 396,524:
Number of offenses known
70
32
43
167
577
1,692
4,926
622
Number cleared by arrest
69
29
41
71
499
521
1,444
124
Percentage cleared by arrest. ..
98.6
90.6
95.3
42.5
86.5
30.8
29.3
19.9
Group IV.- 10 cities, 25,000 to
50.000; total population, 350,368:
•
Number of offenses known
70
14
38
182
578
1,690
5,165
617
Number cleared by arrest
65
15
39
82
512
653
1,844
125
Percentage cleared by arrest, _ .
92.9
107.1
102.6
45.1
88.6
38.6
35.7
20.3
Group v.— 15 cities, 10,000 to
25,000; total population, 237,769:
Number of offenses known
27
7
8
80
296
619
2,128
300
Number cleared by arrest
24
8
7
47
256
316
1,087
118
Percentage cleared by arrest...
88.9
114.3
87.5
58.8
86.5
51.1
51.1
39.3
Group VI.— 29 cities under 10,000;
total population, 164,842:
Number of offenses known
19
3
10
41
111
605
1,145
224
Number cleared by arrest
16
3
8
27
93
191
371
75
Percentage cleared by arrest__.
84.2
100.0
80.0
65.9
83.8
31.6
32.4
33.5
Total, 65 cities; total population,
2,700,503:
Number of offenses known
457
136
307
1,869
3,341
12,258
31,069
7,321
Number cleared by arrest
402
130
277
788
2,913
3,881
8,959
1,146
Percentage cleared by arrest. . .
88.0
95.6
90.2
42.4
87.2
31.7
28.8
15.7
Table 30. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1939, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Group I
Group II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
Total,
65 cities;
Offense charged
2 cities
3 cities,
6 cities.
lOcities,
15cities,
29 cities
total
over
100,000 to
60,000 to
25,000 to
10,000 to
under
popu-
250,000;
250,000;
100,000;
50,000;
25,000;
10,000;
lation.
popu-
popu-
popu-
popu-
popu-
popu-
2,700,603
lation,
lation.
lation,
lation.
lation.
lation.
1,097,500
453,510
396,524
350,368
237,759
164,842
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man-
slaughter:
Number of persons charged ...
161
108
79
82
19
17
466
Rate per 100,000 - .
14.7
23.8
19.9
23.4
8.0
10.3
17.3
(b) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons charged
197
59
31
14
9
3
313
Rate per 100,000 ....
17.9
13.0
7.8
4.0
3.8
1.8
11.6
45
Table 30. — Persons charged {held for prosecution), 1939, number and rate per
100,000 inhabita7its, by population groups — Continued
SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES— Continued
Offense charged
Robbery:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 -..
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged .
Rate iier 100,000
Burglary — breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged..-
Rate per 100,000
Larceny — theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of i>crsons charged
Rate per 100,000
Embozzlpment and fraud:
N um ber of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos-
sessing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
f'orgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .-.
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000..
Prostitution and commercialized vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution) :
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug lavps:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 __
Weapons: carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and children:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor-vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000..
Gambling:
Number of persons charged..
Rate per 100,000.
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Group I
2 cities
over
2.')0,000;
popu-
lation,
1,097,500
Group II
3 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popu-
lation,
453,510
526
47.9
1,054
96.0
3,887
354.2
1,361
124.0
3,277
298.6
628
57.2
137
12.5
158
14.4
152
13.8
130
11.8
574
52.3
161
14.7
17
L5
504
4.5.9
1,071
97.6
1, 500
137.2
2,330
212.3
163, 349
14, 883. 7
20,401
1, 858. 9
28,672
2, 612. 5
1,276
110.3
2,511
228.8
16,004
1. 458. 2
Group
III
6 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popu-
lation,
396,524
262
57.8
789
171.0
3,370
743.1
751
165.6
2,290
505. 0
221
48.7
423
93.3
183
40.4
86
19.0
103
22.7
1,197
263.9
486
107.2
15
3.3
217
47.8
1,299
286.4
1,849
407.7
484
106.7
49, 073
10, 820. 7
7,644
1, 685. 5
14, 967
3, 300. 3
2,107
464. 6
3,010
663.7
3,529
778.2
82
20.7
744
187.6
2,957
745.7
555
140.0
1,662
419.1
124
31.3
187
47.2
103
26.0
160
40.4
43
10.8
679
171.2
215
54.2
17
4.3
266
67.1
507
127.9
3,489
879.9
855
215.6
22, 525
5,680.6
4,944
1, 246. 8
10, 393
2, 621. 0
460
116.0
2,426
611.8
4,661
1, 175. 5
Group
IV
lOcities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popu-
lation,
350,368
28.0
438
125.0
2,282
651.3
548
156.4
1,665
475.2
123
35.1
147
42.0
83
23.7
53
15.1
37
10.6
124
3.5.4
386
110.2
11
3.1
261
74.5
638
182.1
1,467
418.7
941
268.6
27, 169
7, 754. 4
3,729
1.064.3
14, 571
4, 1.58. 8
792
226.0
1.728
493.2
4,546
1, 297. 5
Group
V
IScities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popu-
lation,
237,759
57
24.0
302
127.0
1,709
718.8
354
148.9
984
413.9
161
67.7
128
53.8
62
26.1
45
18.9
12
5.0
85
35.8
136
57.2
1
0.4
138
58. 0
205
86.2
541
227.5
773
325.1
15, 961
6, 713. 1
2,765
1,162.9
10, 671
4, 488. 2
659
277.2
975
410.1
1,687
709.5
Group
VI
29 cities
under
10,000;
popu-
lation,
164,842
31
18.8
109
66.1
631
382.8
231
140.1
416
252.4
76
46.1
19
11.5
34
20.6
38
23.1
9
5.5
15
9.1
76
46.1
Total,
65 cities;
total
popu-
lation,
2,700,.503
101
61.3
66
40.0
428
259.6
667
404.6
5,984
3, 630. 1
3,022
1, 833. 3
7,107
4,311.4
110
66.7
364
220.8
702
425.9
1,056
39.1
3,436
127.2
14, 836
549.4
3,800
140.7
10, 294
381.2
1,333
49.4
1,041
38.5
623
23.1
534
19.8
334
12.4
2,674
99.0
1,460
54.1
61
2.3
1,487
55. 1
3,786
140.2
9,280
343.6
6,050
224.0
284, 061
10. 518. 8
42, 505
1,574.0
86, 381
3, 198. 7
5,404
200.1
11,014
407.8
31, 129
1, 152. 7
46
Table 31.-
-Number of offenses known, mimber and percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest, 1939, by population groups
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population as estirnated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
Bur-
glary—
break-
Lar-
ceny-
Population group
Murder,
Man-
Auto
theft
nonnegli-
slaughter
assault
mg or
theft
gent man-
by negli-
entering
slaughter
gence
Group I.i
Group II.— 1 city, 100,000 to 250,000;
population, 110,600:
Number of offenses known
26
21
1
30
166
307
850
250
Number cleared by arrest
26
20
1
24
117
173
409
121
Percentage cleared by arrest. _.
100.0
95.2
100.0
80.0
70.5
56.4
48.1
48.4
Group III.— 3 cities, 50,000 to 100-
000; total population, 186,900:
Number of oflenses known
37
17
6
64
161
1,004
1,647
279
Number cleared by arrest
29
16
6
26
112
278
683
34
Percentage cleared by arrest__.
78.4
94.1
100.0
40.6
69.6
27.7
41.5
12.2
Group IV.— 1 city, 25,000 to 50,000;
population, 32,824:
Number of offenses known _.
1
3
15
15
144
308
69
Number cleared by arrest
1
2
10
14
63
74
18
Percentage cleared bv arrest
100.0
66.7
66.7
93.3
43.8
24.0
26. 1
Group v.— 6 cities, 10,000 to 25,000;
total population, 96,800:
Number of offenses known
12
9
3
27
70
321
882
130
Number cleared by arrest
12
9
3
15
64
111
331
33
Percentage cleared by arrest...
100.0
100.0
100.0
55.6
91.4
34.6
37.5
25.4
Group VI.— 8 cities under 10,000;
total population, 35,651:
Number of offenses known
5
3
3
13
33
114
116
30
Number cleared by arrest
5
4
3
6
31
44
66
19
Percentage cleared by arrest...
100.0
133.3
100.0
46.2
93.9
38.6
56.9
63.3
Total, 19 cities; total population.
462,775:
Number of offenses known
81
50
16
149
445
1,890
3,803
758
Number cleared by arrest
73
49
15
81
338
669
1,563
225
Percentage cleared by arrest...
90.1
98.0
93.8
54.4
76.0
35.4
41.1
29.7
1 No cities in this population group represented.
Table 32. — Persons charged {held for prosecution), 1939, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Offense charged
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man-
slaughter:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
(6) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100.000
Robbery:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .-.
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 --.
Group
I
(')
Group
II
1 city,
100,000
to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
110,600
28
25.3
20
18.1
22
19.9
117
105.8
Group
III
3 cities,
50,000
to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
186,900
34
18.2
17
9.1
27
14.4
154
82.4
505
270.2
Group
IV
1 city,
25,000
to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
32,824
1
3.0
24
73.1
17
51.8
37
112.7
Group
V
6 cities,
10,000
to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
96,800
13
13.4
6
6.2
33
34.1
85
87.8
379
391.5
Group
VI
8 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
35,651
5
14.0
3
8.4
7
19.6
39
109.4
53
148.7
Total,
19 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
462,775
81
17.5
46
9.9
113
24.4
412
89.0
974
210.5
See footnote at ejid of table.
47
Tablk 32. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 19S9, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES-Contiuued
Offense charged
BuFRlary— brertkiuR or cnteriiiji:
\ u in l>or of persons cliMsied
Krtte per llW.OOO _. l
Larceny— theft:
Number of persons charged
Hate per lOD.OOO.
Auto theft:
Xuniber of persons charged
Rate per UX).IX10. ,
Enibe/.z.leniont and fraud:
N'uniber of persons charged
Rate per UX),00(1
Stolen property; buying, receiving, posscss-
ins;
Number of persons charged .
Rate per l(X),t)00
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Xuniber of persons charged.
Rate per U)0,0(X) T
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per lOO.WO ..,
Prostilutioti and commercialized vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per IW.tXW
Sex ofTeuses (except rape and prostitution):
Number of persons charged
Rate per 1(X).(KX)
Narcotic drus; laws:
Number of persons charged . .
Rate per KXi.tXX)
Weapons; carryiiii;, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons charged .. ..
Rate per lOO.iXXl
Oflfenses against family and children:
Number of persons charge<.l
Rate per UXl.tXX)
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per lOO.lXX)
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged
Rate per lOO.tXX) "'..
TraflU' and motor-vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per UX1.(XX)
Disonierly conduct:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per l(X).(XXt
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged
Rate per lOO.tXX)
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Rate per UXl.OOO
Gambling:
Number of persons charged
Rate piT KKt.lXX)
All other otTenses:
Number of persons cliarged
Rale per KXt.tXX)
Group
I
(')
Group
II
1 city,
lOO.tXX)
to
S.W.tXX);
pojiula
tion.
IIO.WX)
171
154.6
408
368,9
118
106.7
2
1.8
21
19.0
58
52.4
1
0.9
3lH
274. 9
129
116. (i
215
194.4
682
616. 6
198
179. 0
5.079
, 592. 2
560
506.3
3.963
,583.2
784
708.9
206
186.3
Group
III
3 cities.
50,000
to
UX),tXX);
popula-
tion,
1S6,9(X)
224
119.9
968
517.9
18
9.6
83
44.4
67
35.8
32
17.1
10
5.4
Group
IV
1 city,
25,000
to
oO.lXX);
popula-
tion,
32,824
3.7
6
3.2
69
36.9
6
3.2
529
•283.0
394
210. 8
13, 362
7, 149. 3
1,134
606.7
3, 756
2, 009. 6
521
278. S
457
244.5
2.296
1.228.5
89
271.1
67
204.1
25
76.2
24.4
29
88.3
18
54.8
3
9.1
67
204.1
6
IS. 3
12
36.6
32
97.5
20
60.9
13
39.6
153
466.1
264
804.3
13
39.6
94
286.4
12
36.6
252
767.7
Group
V
6 cities,
10,000
to
25,000;
popula-
tion.
9(5,800
145
149.8
396
409.1
43
44.4
15
15.5
84
86.8
27
27.9
6
6.2
3
3.1
10
10.3
5
5.2
61
63.0
6
6.2
379
391.5
229
236.6
2,310
, 386. 4
1,165
, 203. 5
4, 051
, 184. 9
322
332.6
173
178.7
.536
5.'>3. 7
Group
VI
8 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
35,651
53
148.7
62
173.9
19
53.3
8
22.4
19.6
9
25.2
3
8.4
6
16.8
12
33.7
2
5.6
19
53.3
3
8.4
93
260.9
73
204.8
399
,119.2
304
852. 7
1. 702
. 774. 1
45
126.2
62
173.9
128
359.0
Total.
19 cities:
total
popula-
tion.
462.775
682
147,4
1,901
410.8
223
48. 2
lit)
25.1
208
44.9
144
31.1
5.0
387
83.6
34
7.3
12
2.6
290
62.7
262
56.6
1.703
368.0
907
196.0
21,303
4. 603. 3
3. 427
740. 5
13. 485
2. 9i;v 9
1. 766
381.6
910
196.6
3.212
694. 1
' No cities in this population group represented.
48
Table 33.-
-Numher of offenses known, numher and percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest, 1939, by population groups
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]*
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
Bur-
glary—
break-
Lar-
ceny—
Population group
Murder,
Man-
Auto
nonnegli-
slaughter
assault
ing or
theft
theft
gent man-
by negli-
entering
slaughter
gence
Group I.— 3 cities over 250,000; total
population, 1,066,900:
Number of olTenses Icnown
200
54
78
588
831
4,406
16, 736
2,006
Number cleared by arrest
181
53
70
322
699
1,696
3 022
823
Percentage cleared by arrest— _
90.5
98.1
89.7
54.8
84.1
38.5
19.3
41.0
Group II.— 3 cities, 100,000 to 250,-
000; total population, 476,100:
Number of offenses known
28
18
25
325
317
2,731
8,345
835
Number cleared by arrest
27
16
19
116
185
1,010
2,810
356
Percentage cleared by arrest. -.
96.4
88.9
76.0
35.7
58.4
37.0
33.7
42.6
Group III.— 5 cities, 50,000 to 100,-
000; total population, 311,100:
Number of offenses known
44
15
20
121
371
1,433
4,629
447
Number cleared by arrest
39
14
19
37
297
569
1,252
115
Percentage cleared by arrest...
88.6
93.3
95.0
30.6
SO. I
39.7
27.0
25.7
Group IV.— 4 cities, 25,000 to 50,-
000; total population, 137,900:
Number of offenses known
19
/
10
61
117
420
1, 899
207
Number cleared by arrest
18
7
9
29
112
136
447
48
Percentage cleared by arrest...
94.7
100.0
90.0
47.5
95.7
32.4
23.5
23.2
Group v.— 18 cities, 10,000 to 25,-
000; total population, 293,230:
Number of offenses known
21
9
15
125
217
1.220
3,576
413
Number cleared by arrest
18
/
12
56-
210
353
1.158
162
Percentage cleared by arrest...
85.7
77.7
80.0
44.8
96.8
28.9
32.4
39.2
Group VI.— 21 cities under 10,000;
total population, 127,483:
Number of offenses known
6
3
10
30
41
356
911
109
Number cleared by arrest
6
3
10
8
36
163
403
67
Percentage cleared by arrest. ._
100.0
100.0
100.0
26.7
87.8
45.8
44.2
61.5
Total, 54 cities; total population.
2,413,013:
Number of offenses known
318
106
158
],250
1,894
10, 566
36, 096
4,017
Number cleared by arrest
289
100
139
568
1,539
3,927
9,292
1,571
Percentage cleared by arrest...
90.9
94.3
88.0
45.4
81.3
37.2
2.5.7
39.1
Table 34. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1939, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Offense charged
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man-
slaughter:
Number of persons charged.. .
Rate per 100,000
(6) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Robbery:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000..
Group I
3 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
1,066,900
168
15.7
31
2.9
395
37.0
723
67.8
Group II
Group
III
3 cities,
100,000
te
250,000;
popula-
tion,
476,400
29
6.1
9
1.9
157
33.0
117
24.6
5 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
311,100
Group
IV
40
12.9
14
4.5
46
14.8
306
98.4
4 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
137,900
17
12.3
6
3.fi
34
24.7
103
74.7
Group
V
18
cities,
10,000
to
25,000;
popu-
lation,
293,230
17
5.8
3
1.0
79
26.9
204
69.6
Group
VI
21
cities
under
10,000;
popu-
lation,
127,483
6
4.7
6.3
33
25.9
Total,
54 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
2,413,013
277
11.5
64
719
29.8
1,486
61.6
49
Table 34. — Persons charged (held for prosecution) , 1939, number and
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES— Continued
rate per
OBense charged
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Larceny— theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000....
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos-
sessing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercialized vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Sex ofTenses (except rape and prostitu-
tion):
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000.
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and children:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor-vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000...
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
All other ofFpn.ses:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Group I
Group II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
3 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
1,066,900
3 cities,
100,000
to
2.50,000;
popula-
tion,
476,400
5 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
311,100
4 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
137,900
18
cities,
10,000
to
25,000;
popu-
lation,
293,230
21
cities
under
10,000;
popu-
lation,
127,483
1,014
95.0
433
90.9
434
139.5
681
493.8
723
246.6
146
114.5
972
91.1
453
95.1
596
191.6
117
84.8
271
92.4
144
113.0
3,004
2S7. 2
1,470
308.6
1,341
431. 1
400
290.1
919
313.4
233
182.8
536
50.2
135
28.3
138
44.4
47
34.1
158
53.9
59
46.3
303
28.4
108
22.7
83
26.7
21
15.2
90
30.7
3
2.4
165
15.5
74
15.5
102
32.8
9
6.5
55
18.8
28
22.0
244
22.9
150
31.5
100
32.1
29
21.0
101
34.4
16
12.6
89
8.3
24
5.0
20
6.4
12
8.7
11
3.8
9
7.1
'577
77.0
1,364
286.3
40
12.9
308
223.4
135
46.0
45
35.3
174
16.3
56
11.8
338
108.6
96
69.6
90
30.7
13
10.2
396
37.1
143
30.0
16
5.1
4
2.9
39
13.3
1
0.8
330
30.9
117
24.6
76
24.4
53
38.4
92
31.4
19
14.9
205
19.2
11
2.3
3
1.0
2
1.5
62
21.1
4
3.1
154
14.4
852
178.8
218
70.1
37
26.8
322
109.8
65
51.0
667
62.5
386
81.0
180
57.9
222
161.0
440
150.1
163
127.9
343, 221
32, 169. 9
78, 083
16, 390. 2
49, 910
16, 043. 1
13, 807
10, 012. 3
11,885
4, 053. 1
4,158
3,261.6
12, 618
1, 182. 7
1,898
398.4
1,122
360.7
584
423.5
2,285
779.3
437
342.8
20,480
1,919.6
12, 139
2, 548. 1
7,205
2,316.0
4,227
3, 065. 3
10, 437
3, 559. 3
2,883
2,261.5
5,784
542.1
3,559
747.1
1,039
334.0
652
472.8
992
338.3
97
76.1
4,802
450.1
1,735
364.2
979
314.7
231
167.5
578
197.1
191
149.8
8,488
795.6
3,434
720.8
1,076
345.9
357
258.9
2,110
719.6
348
273.0
Total,
54 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
2,413,013
3,431
142.2
2,553
105.8
7,427
307.8
1,073
44.5
608
25.2
433
17.9
640
26.5
165
6.8
2 2, 469
117.8
767
31.8
599
24.8
687
28.5
287
11.9
1,648
68.3
2,058
85.3
501,064
20, 765. 1
18, 944
785. 1
57, 371
2, 377. 6
12, 123
502.4
8,516
352.9
15,813
655. 3
1-' The number of persons charged and the rate are based on the reports of the number of cities as follows:
(!) 2 cities, 749,000 population; (2) 53 cities, 2,095, 1 13 population.
50
Table Zb.— Number of offenses known, number and percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest, 1939, by population groups
MOUNTAIN STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Murder,
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
Bur-
glary—
break-
Lar-
ceny-
Population group
Man-
Auto
theft
nonnegli-
slaughter
assault
ing or
theft
gent man-
by negli-
entering
slaughter
gence
Group I.— 1 city over 250,000; pop-
ulation, 293, 200:
Number of offenses known
10
4
21
114
47
677
3,684
487
Number cleared by arrest
10
4
16
72
45
535
564
330
Percentage cleared by arrest.. _
100.0
100.0
76.2
63.2
95.7
79.0
15.3
67.8
Group II '
Group III— 1 city, 50,000 to 100,000;
population, 51,300:
Number of oflenses known
2
2
18
5
237
402
85
Number cleared by arrest
0
2
3
4
51
96
5
Percentage cleared by arrest...
100.0
100.0
16.7
80.0
21.5
23.9
5.9
Group IV— 3 cities, 25,000 to 50,000;
total population, 102,500:
Number of offenses known
4
2
7
43
5
639
2, 272
354
Number cleared by arrest
4
2
3
17
5
172
424
46
Percentage cleared by arrest. . .
100.0
100.0
42.9
39.5
100. 0
26.9
18.7
13.0
Group v.— 8 cities, 10,000 to 25,000:
total population, 120,500:
Number of offenses known
8
4
5
67
19
544
2,496
323
Number cleared by arrest
8
3
5
33
18
236
846
43
Percentage cleared by arrest.. .
100. 0
75.0
100.0
49.3
94.7
43.4
33.9
13.3
Group VI.— 32 cities under 10,000;
total population, 159,241:
Number of offenses known
1
4
17
50
41
591
1.786
243
Number cleared by arrest
1
4
15
25
33
210
461
77
Percentage cleared by arrest...
100.0
100.0
88.2
50.0
80.5
35.5
25.8
31.7
Total, 45 cities; total population.
726,741;
Number of offenses known
25
16
50
292
117
2,688
10, 640
1,492
Number cleared by arrest
25
15
39
150
105
1.204
2,391
501
Percentage cleared by arrest. ..
100.0
93.8
78.0
51.4
89.7
44.8
22.5
33.6
No cities in this population group represented.
Table 36. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1939, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
MOUNTAIN STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Offense charged
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man
slaughter:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
(6) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Robbery:
Num ber of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
^5ee footnotes at end of table.
Group
I
Group
II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
1 city
over
250,000;
popu-
lation,
293,200
(1)
1 city,
50,000
to
100,000;
popu-
lation,
51,300
3 cities,
25,000
to
50,000;
popu-
lation,
102,500
8 cities,
10,000
to
25,000;
popu-
lation,
120,500
32 cities
under
10,000;
popu-
lation,
159,241
6
2.0
1
1.9
3
2.9
8
6.6
2
1.3
9
3.1
2
3.9
2
2.0
5
4. 1
3
1.9
47
16.0
2
3.9
21
20.5
33
27.4
40
25.1
18
6.1
4
7.8
8
7.8
19
15.8
43
27.0
Total,
45
cities;
total
popu-
lation,
726,741
20
2.8
21
2.9
143
19.7
92
12.7
51
Table 36. — Persons charged {held for prosecution), 1939, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
MOUNTAIN STATES— Conlinued
Offense charged
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Burglary— breakinp or entering:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100,000
Larceny— theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged ._
Rate per 100,000__-
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 10f),000
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possess-
ing:
Number of persons charged. . .
Rate per 100,000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercialized vice:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Sex oflenses (except rape and prostitution):
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Oflenses against family and children:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000.
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged . .
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 '..I
Traffic and motor-vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000...
Disorderly conduct:
Number of i)orsons charged ....
Rate piT 100.000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged. . .. .
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons charged . .
Rate per 100,000
All other oflenses:
Number of persons charged . ..
Rate per 100,000
Group Group
I II
1 city
over
250,000;
popu-
lation,
293,200
10
3.4
163
55.6
(2)
157
53.5
67
22.9
(2)
2.7
19
6.5
{*)
(')
12
4. 1
21
7.2
59
20.1
4
1.4
42
14.3
301"
102.7
21, 835
', 447. 1
1,742
594.1
4,741
,617.0
(*)
0)
209
71.3
581
198.2
0)
Group
III
1 city,
50,000
to
100,000;
popu-
lation,
51,300
24
46.8
32
62.4
85
165.7
5
9.7
1
1.9
2
3.9
17
33. 1
41
79,9
10
19.5
3
5.8
18
35. 1
2
3.9
3
5.8
70
136.5
1,827
, 561. 4
319
621.8
727
, 417. 2
373
727.1
20
39.0
238
463.9
Group
IV
3 cities,
25,000
to
50,000;
popu-
lation,
102,500
95.6
109
106.3
474
462.4
27
26.3
16
15.6
15
14.6
20
19.5
3
2.9
149
145.4
26
25.4
5
4.9
14
13.7
44
42.9
28
27.3
197
192.2
11,576
11,293.7
456
444.9
2,083
2, 032. 2
519
506.3
32
31.2
1,370
1, 336. 6
Group
V,
8 cities,
10,000
to
25,000;
popu-
lation,
120,500
87
72.2.
135
112.0
469
389.2
51
42.3
49
40.7
6.6
47
39.0
6
5.0
46
38.2
4
3.3
15
12.4
28
23.2
11
9.1
23
19.1
273
226.6
10, 945
9, 083. 0
760
630.7
2,412
2, 001. 7
2,119
1, 758. 5
45
37.3
781
648.1
Group
VI
32 cities
under
10,000;
popu-
lation,
159,241
76
47.7
242
152.0
421
264.4
81
50.9
40
25. 1
12
7.5
55
34.5
15
9.4
96
60.3
18
11.3
7
4.4
30
18.8
18
11.3
57
35.8
289
181.5
4,927
3, 094. 1
754
473.5
3,453
2, 168. 4
782
491.1
51
32.0
295
185.3
Total,
45
cities;
total
popu-
lation,
726,741
295
40.6
681
93.7
1,449
334. 2
321
44.2
173
23.8
337
8.5
147
20.2
43
5.9
3332
76.6
70
9.0
51
7.0
149
20.5
79
10.9
153
21.1
1,130
155. 5
51, 110
7, 032. 8
4,031
554.7
13, 416
1, 846. 0
3 3, 793
874.9
357
49.1
3,265
449.3
' No cities in this population group represented.
> Figures for larceny— theft and stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing, were not separately listed
on the report for this city. The combined figure for those classes is 617.
3 The number of persons charged and the rate are based on the reports of 44 cities with a total population
of 433, Ml.
' Figures for prostitution and commercialized vice and vagrancy were not separately listed on the report
for this city. The combined figure for those classes is 2,394.
52
Table 37. — Number of offenses known, nwnber and percentage of offenses- cleared by
arrest, 1939, by population groups
PACIFIC STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Kape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
Bur-
glary—
break-
Lar-
ceny-
Population group
Murder,
Man-
Auto
theft
nonnegli-
slaughter
assault
ing or
theft
gent man-
by negli-
entering
slaughter
gence
GROUP I.— 1 city over 250,000; popu- •
lation, 295,600:
Number of oflenses known
12
17
44
220
168
1,478
4,153
732
Number cleared by arrest
8
14
32
114
138
666
1,188
178
Percentage cleared by arrest...
66.7
82.4
72.7
51.8
82.1
45.1
28.6
24.3
GROUP 11.— 4 cities, 100,000 to 250,-
000; total population, 541,900:
Number of oflenses known
7
21
40
364
134
2,807
5,669
1,560
Number cleared by arrest
7
14
26
116
82
545
1,354
314
Percentage cleared by arrest- .
100.0
66.7
65.0
31.9
61.2
19.4
23.9
20.1
GROUP III.— 5 cities, 50,000 to 100,000;
total population, 403,367:
Number of offenses known
12
10
36
272
69
2,113
7,273
973
• Number cleared by arrest
8
10
38
120
66
548
1,748
181
Percentage cleared by arrest. _.
66.7
100.0
105.6
44.1
95.7
25.9
24.0
18.6
GROUP IV.— 11 cities, 25,000 to 50,000;
total population, 360,800:
Number of oflenses known
7
4
21
171
59
1,873
6,177
826
Number cleared by arrest
7
3
15
64
56
593
1,016
164
Percentage cleared by arrest. __
100.0
75.0
71.4
37.4
94.9
31.7
16.4
19.9
GROUP v.— 25 cities, 10,000 to 25,000;
total population, 388,676:
Number of oflenses known
10
6
41
123
55
1,627
7,302
1,008
Number cleared by arrest
10
6
35
44
44
517
1,468
246
Percentage cleared by arrest.. .
100.0
100.0
85.4
35.8
80.0
31.8
20.1
24.4
GROUP VI.— 76 cities under 10,000;
total population, 401,619:
Number of oflenses known
11
10
56
160
146
1,630
6,170
782
Number cl eared by arrest
7
9
48
71
120
599
1,681
248
Percentage cleared by arrest...
63.6
90.0
85.7
44.4
82.8
36.7
27.2
31.7
Total, 122 cities; total population,
2,391,962:
Number of oflenses known
59
68
238
1,310
630
11, 528
36, 744
5,881
Number cleared by arrest
47
56
194
529
506
3,468
8,455
1,331
Percentage cleared by arrest...
79.7
82.4
81.5
40.4
80.3
30.1
23.0
22.6
Table 38. — Persons charged {held for prosecution) , 1939, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
PACIFIC STATES
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Group
Group
II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
Total,
Oflense charged
1 city
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
295,600
4 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
541,900
5 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
403,367
11 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
360,800
25 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
388,676
76 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
401,619
122 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
2,391,962
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man-
slaughter:
Number of persons charged..
Rate per 100,000
8
2.7
10
3.4
66
22.3
4
0.7
9
1.7
65
12.0
8
2.0
8
2.0
93
23.1
7
1.9
5
1.4
93
25.8
10
2.6
6
1.5
57
14.7
9
2.2
10
2.5
73
18.2
46
1 9
(6) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
48
2.0
Robbery:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
447
18.7
53
Table 38.— Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1939, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
PACIFIC STATES— Continued
03ense charged
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000
Other assaults. ■
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Burglary — breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged
Rate perl 00,000...
Larceny — theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 1 00,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100, 000
Stolen property: buying, receiving,
possessing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000.
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000
Prostitution and commercialized vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000...
Sox offenses (except rape and prosti-
tution):
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000. _
Weapons: carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and children:"
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000... ""
Driving while intoxicated: "
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor-vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged
Rste per 100,000 _.",'
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged
Kate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Group
I
1 city
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
295,000
29
9.8
505
170.8
194
65.6
537
181.7
99
33.5
62
21.0
10
3.4
83
28.1
25
8.5
210
71.0
07
22.7
46
15.6
14
4.7
112
37.9
7
2.4
518
175.2
52, 037
17,603.9
228
77.1
9, 354
3,164.4
752
254.4
974
329.5
604
204.3
Group
II
4 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
541,900
61
11.3
220
40. 6
231
42.6
> 577
140.9
191
35.2
Group
III
17
3.1
27
.5.0
148
27.3
15
2.8
560
104.4
66
12.2
18
3.3
37
6.8
58
1Q.7
651
120.1
1,149
212.0
' 32, 250
8, 378. 8
1,600
295.3
14,947
2, 7.58. 3
3, 352
618. 6
692
127.7
4,529
835.8
5 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
403,367
52
12.9
339
84.0
303
75.1
1,040
257.8
172
42.0
105
26.0
24
5.9
24.3
32
7.9
321
79.0
Group
IV
197
48.8
2.0
42
10.4
94
23.3
61
15.1
954
236. 5
61,798
15, .320. 5
614
152.2
3,785
938.4
6,62,5
1,642.4
234
58.0
2,192
543.4
11 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
360,800
63
17.5
261
72.3
360
99.8
873
242.0
155
43.0
25
6.9
13
3.0
170
47.1
25
6.9
216
59.9
Group
V
90
24.9
22
6.1
26
7.2
143
39.6
65
18.0
1,.3.50
374.2
35, 851
9, 9.36. 5
616
170.7
8, 605
2, .385. 0
2,638
731.2
312
86.5
1,428
395.8
25 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
388,676
54
13.9
213
54.8
308
79.2
842
216.6
203
52.2
67
17.2
9
2.3
154
39.6
38
9.8
259
66.0
Group
VI
121
31.1
13
3.3
25
6.4
55
14.2
222
57.1
1.311
337. 3
52, 443
13. 492. 7
1,073
276.1
9,538
2, 4.54. 0
2,847
732. 5
218
56.1
1,107 !
284.8 I
76 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
401,619
125
31.1
238
59.3
413
102.8
1,050
261 . 4
251
62.5
52
12.9
29
7.2
197
49.1
41
10.2
88
21.9
63
15.7
34
8.5
66
16.4
24.4
105
26.1
2, 461
612.8
43, 307
10, 783. 1
1, 725
429.5
12,671
.3,1,55.0
3.046
758.4
220
54.8
2,774
690.7
Total,
122cities;
total
popula-
tion,
2,391,962
384
16.1
1, 770
74.2
1,809
75.6
2 4,919
220.1
1,071
44.8
328
13.7
112
4.7
850
35.5
176
7.4
1, 660
69.4
604
25.3
141
5.9
210
560
23.4
1,111
46.4
7,743
323. 7
2 277, 686
12,424.6
5,856
244.8
58. 900
2, 462. 4
19,260
805. 2
2, 6,50
110.8
12.634
528.2
(i\'l ^Hnf "iS'^.S^"^ persons charged and the rate are based on the reports of the number of cities as follows:
(') 3 cities. 384,900 population; («) 121 cities, 2,2.34,962 population.
OFFENSE CLASSIFICATIONS
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in part I and
part II offenses, there follows a brief definition of each classification:
Part I Offenses.
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter • includes
all felonious homicides except those caused by negligence. Does not include
attempts to kill, assaults to kill, suicides, accidental deaths, or justifiable homi-
cides. Justifiable homicides excluded from this classification are limited to the
following types of cases: (1) The killing of a felon by a peace officer in line of
duty; (2) the killing of a hold-up man by a private citizen who was his intended
victim. (6) Manslaughter by negligence includes only those cases in which death
is caused by culpable negligence which is so clearly evident that if the person
responsible for the death were apprehended he would be prosecuted for man-
slaughter.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape, assault to rape, and attempted
rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as highway robbery, stick-ups, robbery
armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assavlt. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by use of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breakirig or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe-
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or theft. Includes attempted
burglary and assault to commit a burglary. Burglary followed by a larceny is
entered here and is not counted again under larceny.
6. Larceny — theft (except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value.
(6) Under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depend-
ing upon the value of property stolen, pocket-picking, purse-snatching, shoplifting,
or any stealing of property or thing of value which is not taken by force and
violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement, "con" games, forgery,
passing worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the so-called "joy-riding" thefts. Does not
include taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unau-
thorized use by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
Part II Offenses.
8. Other assaults.- — Includes all assaults and attempted assaults which are not
of an aggravated nature and which do not belong in class 4.
9. Forgery and counterfeiting. — Includes offenses dealing with the making,
altering, uttering, or po.ssessing, with intent to defraud, anything false which is
made to appear true. Includes attempts.
10. Embezzlement and fraud. — Includes all offenses of fraudulent conversion,
embezzlement, and ol^taining money or property by false pretenses.
11. Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing. — Includes buying, receiving,
and possessing stolen property as well as attempts to commit any of those offenses.
12. Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc. — Includes all violations of regulations
or statutes controlling the carrying, using, possessing, furnishing, and manufactur-
ing of deadly weapons or silencers and all attempts to violate such statutes or
regulations.
13. Prostitution and commercialized vice. — Includes sex offenses of a commer-
cialized nature, or attempts to commit the same, such as, prostitution, keeping
bawdy house, procuring, transporting or detaining women for immoral purposes.
14. Se.r offenses (except rape and prostitution and commercialized vice). — In-
cludes offenses against chastity, common decency, morals, and the like. Includes
attempts.
(54)
55
15. Offenses against the family and children. — ^Includes offenses of nonsupport,
neglect, desertion, or abuse of family and children.
i6. Narcotic drug /aws.— Includes offenses relating to narcotic drugs, such as
unlawful possession, sale, or use. Exclude Federal offenses.
17. Liquor laws. — With the exception of "Drunkenness" (class 18) and "Driving
while intoxicated" (class 22), liquor law violations, State or local, are placed in
this class. Exclude Federal violations.
18. Drunkenness. — Includes all offenses of drunkenness or intoxication.
19. Disorderly conduct. — Includes all charges of committing a breach of the
peace.
20. Vagrancy. — Includes such offenses as vagabondage, begging, loitering, etc.
21. Gambling. — Includes offenses of promoting, permitting, or engaging in
gambling.
22. Driving while intoxicated. — Includes driving or operating any motor vehicle
while drunk or under the influence of liquor or narcotics.
23. Violation of road and driving laws. — Includes violations of regulations with
respect to the proper handling of a motor vehicle to prevent accidents.
24. Parking violations. — ^Includes violations of parking ordinances.
25. Other violations of traffic and motor-vehicle laws. — Includes violations of
State laws and municipal ordinances with regard to traffic and motor vehicles
not otherwise provided for in classes 22-24.
26. All other offenses. — Includes all violations of State or local laws for which
no provision has been made above in classes 1-25.
27. Suspicion. — This classification includes all persons arrested as suspicious
characters but not in connection with any specific offense and who are released
without formal charges being placed against them.
o
Cy -a, C-s . ^TTh-l
UNIFORM
CRIME
REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
ISSUED BY THE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Volume XI
Number 2
SECOND QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1940
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume XI— Number 2
SECOND QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1940
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
ADVISORY
International Association of Chiefs of Police
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1940
IJ. S. SUPFRINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTb
SEP 5 1940
CONTENTS
Page
Summary of volume XI, No. 2 61-62
ClassificatioQ of offenses 62-63
Extent of reporting area 63
Monthly reports:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population
(table 39) 64-65
Annual trends, offenses known to the police, 1939-40 (table 40") 65-67
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location
(tables 41, 42) 68-72
Offenses in individual cities over 100,000 in population (table 43) 73-75
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police (table 44) 75
Urban and rural crime rates, 1939 (table 45) 76-77
Offenses known in Territories and possessions (table 46) 78
Data from supplementary offense reports (tables 47-49) 79-84
Police employee data:
Police killed by criminals, 1939 (table 50) - 85
Number of police employees, 1939 (tables 51-54) 86-108
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1940:
Sex distribution of persons arrested (table 55) 109-110
Age distribution of persons arrested (tables 56-58) 1 10-112
Number with records showing previous convictions (table 59) 113-114
Definitions of part I and part II offense classifications 115-116
(ID
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department
of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume XI July, 1940 Number 2
SUMMARY
Annual Crime Trends, January-June, 1939-40.
Offenses of aggravated assault and negligent manslaughter showed
increases of 6.5 and 4.2 percent respectively during the first half of
1940 over the corresponding period of 1939 according to crime reports
received from 342 cities of 25,000 inhabitants or more. Other crimes
against the person showed decreases as follows: Murder, 6.4 percent;
rape, 5.4 percent.
Robbery showed a decrease of 3.3 percent. Other crimes against
property showed increases as follows: Larceny, 5.2 percent; auto theft,
1.2 percent; and burglary, 0.6 percent.
Crime Rates, 1940.
During the first half of this year cities over 100,000 in population
experienced the highest crime rates, except for rapes and other feloni-
ous assaults. The highest rate for rape was seen in cities over 250,000,
followed by cities between 2,500 and 10,000. Aggravated assaults
occurred with most frecpiency in cities with populations from 50,000 to
100,000, followed by cities over 100,000. Tables are included in this
issue of the bulletin presenting crime rates for cities grouped according
to size and also by location. The number of offenses reported during
the second quarter by individual cities with over 100,000 inhabitants
is also presented.
Distribution of Crimes by Type, 1940.
The majority (58.5 percent) of the offenses reported during the
first half of this year were classified as larcenies, and more than half
of these were thefts of some type of property from automobiles or
thefts of bicycles. Burglary offenses made up 22.9 percent of the
crimes reported and more than half of such cases involved nonresi-
dence structures. Twenty-one percent of the burglaries were perpe-
trated during daytime. Auto thefts represented 11.1 percent, and
robberies, 3.5 percent of the total crimes reported. The remaining
4.0 percent consisted of criminal homicides, rapes, and other felonious
assaults.
Recoveries were effected in 97 percent of the auto thefts; and recov-
eries of other types of stolen property amounted to 23 percent.
Urban and Rural Crime Rates, 1939.
In studying the urban and rural crime rates for 1939 in several
selected States it was found that the number of offenses per 100,000
(61)
62
inhabitants occurring in the cities and towns was generally higher
than the crime rates for the rural sections of the States. This is
particularly true with reference to crimes against property. In sev-
eral of the States included in this study it was found that the crime
rates for offenses against the person were noticeably higher in the
rural areas than in the urban communities.
Police Employees, 1939.
Last year the police departments in cities in the eastern geographic
divisions (Middle Atlantic, New England, and South Atlantic) had
more police employees per unit of population than the departments
in other sections of the country. It was generally found, throughout
the Nation, that the police departments in the larger cities had more
employees per 1,000 inhabitants than those in the smaller communities.
During 1939 there were 18 police officers killed in 374 cities with
more than 25,000 inhabitants. This represents a rate of 1.8 for every
5,000,000 inhabitants in the general population.
In this issue of the bulletin tabulations are presented showing the
average number of police employees for cities grouped according to
size and by location. Figures for individual cities are likewise in-
cluded.
Persons Arrested.
Of the 298,423 arrest records examined by the FBI during the
first half of this year, more represented arrests of persons aged 19
than any other single age group. Persons under 25 years of age
represented 33.3 percent of the total. Persons less than 25 years of
age numbered 53.7 percent of those charged with robbery, 63.3 percent
of those charged with burglary, 49.1 percent of those charged with
larceny, and 73.0 percent of those charged with auto theft.
In examining the 298,423 arrest records received during the period
of January-June 1940 it was found that 102,589 of these persons had
previously been convicted of at least 296,510 violations.
Women were represented by 8.2 percent (24,362) of the 298,423
arrest records examined. During the comparable portion of 1939,
women were represented by only 7.1 percent of the records.
CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES
The term "offenses known to the police" is designed to include those
crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification occur-
ring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known to
the police through reports of police officers, of citizens, of prosecuting
or court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the following
group of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience to be
those most generally and completely reported to the police : Criminal
homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and (b)
manslaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated assault;
burglary — breaking or entering; larceny — theft; and auto theft. The
figures contained herein include also the number of attempted crimes
of the designated classes. Attempted murders, however, are reported
as aggravated assaults. In other words, an attempted burglary or
robbery, for example, is reported in the bufietin in the same manner
as if the crime had been completed.
"Offenses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the police depart-
63
nients of contributing cities and not merely arrests or cleared cases.
Coni[)laiiits which upon investigation are learned to be groundless are
not included in the tabulations which follow.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out as
current information which may throw some light on problems of crime
and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
In the last section of this bulletin may be found brief definitions of
part I and part II offense classifications.
EXTENT OF REPORTING AREA
The number of police departments from which one or more crime
reports were received diu'ing the first half of 1940 is contained in the
following table. The cities represented are classed according to size,
and the population figures for cities in excess of 10,000 are estimates
prepared by the Bureau of the Census as of July 1, 1933. However,
since no estimates were available for the smaller cities, the 1930
decennial census figures were used for places under 10,000 in popu-
lation.
Population aroup
Total
number
of cities
or towns
Cities filing returns
Total pop-
ulation
Population repre-
sented in returns
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
982
922
93.9
60, 406, 254
59, 331, 103
98.2
1 Cities over 2.50,000 --- ^. .. .-
37
57
104
191
693
37
57
102
186
540
100.0
100.0
98.1
97.4
91.1
29, 695, .500
7, 850, 312
7, 045, 274
6,714,212
9, 100, 956
29, 695, 500
7, 850, 312
6, 894, 574
6,531,112
8, 359, 605
100 0
2. Cities 100,000 to 250,000-
100 0
3. Cities 50,000 to 100,000
97.9
4. Cities 25,000 to 50,000
97.3
fi. Cities 10,000 to 25,000
91.9
Note. — The above table docs not include 1,722 cities and rural townships aggregating a total population
of 8,563,142. The cities included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 population filing returns, whereas
the rural townships are of varying population groups.
The growth of the uniform crime reporting area is indicated by the
following tabulation. These figures were compiled for the first 6
months of 1932-40.
Year
Number of
cities
Population
Year
Number of
cities
Population
1932_..
1,536
1,606
1,645
1,949
2,189
62, 692. 749
64, 208, 740
62, 319, 945
63, 270, 583
64, 648, 798
1937-.
2,278
2,512
2,615
2,644
65 241 398
19.33 --
1938- .
66, 659, 040
67 293 0''8
1934 - ..
1939
1940
1935 ..
67, 894, 245
19.36
The additional 29 cities shown in the above tabulation for the first
lialf of 1940, as compared with the corresponding period of 1939,
increased the population represented in the uniform crime reporting
project by 601,217, bringing the aggregate population to 67,894,245.
There were 4,197 contributors of one or more crime reports during
the first half of 1940. These consisted of 2,644 city and village law
enforcement agencies, 1,532 sheriffs, 8 State police units, and 13
agencies in Territories and possessions of the United States.
MONTHLY REPORTS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population.
With few exceptions, during the first 6 months of 1940 the average
city with over 100,000 inhabitants experienced more crime per unit
of population than the average smaller community. These larger
cities, during the first half of 1940, showed the highest crime rates
for offenses of criminal homicide, robberv, burglary, larceny, and auto
theft.
More offenses of rape per unit of population occurred during the
first 6 months in cities with populations in excess of 250,000, and the
next highest rate was seen in cities with populations between 2,500
and 10,000. Aggravated assaults occurred with greatest frequency in
cities with populations ranging from 50,000 to 100,000, followed by
cities between 100,000 and 250,000 and cities over 250,000, respectively.
Most of the offenses listed on the monthly reports received at the
FBI were classified as larcenies. These cases constituted 58.5 per-
cent of all offenses reported during the first 6 months of this year.
Burglary offenses made up 22.9 percent of the total; auto thefts, 11.1
percent; and robberies, 3.5 percent. Thus, 96.0 percent of the total
crimes reported consisted of offenses against property. Oft'enses
against the person, aggravated assault, rape, and criminal homicide
represented only 4.0 percent of the total crimes.
These data are based on crime reports received by the Federal Bu-
reau of Investigation from 1,953 cities with over 2,500 inhabitants,
representing a total population of 61,780,182. The information is
presented in table 39 in such a manner that interested persons may
compare crime conditions in a particular community with average
figures for other cities in the United States of approximately the same
size. The number of offenses per 100,000 inhabitants for cities grouped
not only as to size but also by geographic division is presented in table
42.
(64)
65
Table 39. — Offenses known to the police, January to June, inclusive, 1940; number
and rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
OKOUP I
35 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 28,(507,100:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP II
57 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,850,312:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP in
93 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 6,293,713:
Number of oflenses known
Rate i)er 100,000 -.
r.ROUP IV
164 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total pop-
ulation, 5,740,860:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V
4T0 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total pop-
ulation, 7,302,403:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
1,134 cities under 10,000; total pop-
ulation, 5,895,794:
Number of oflenses known
Rate per 100,000..
Total 1,953 cities; total population,
61,780,182:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000.
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
830
2.9
214
2.7
144
2.3
107
1.9
138
1.9
121
2.1
1,554
2.5
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
799
2.9
173
2.2
91
1.4
76
1.3
65
0.9
Rape
1,594
5.6
266
3.4
185
2.9
172
3.0
249
3.4
64 238 669
1.1 4.0 11.3
Rob-
bery
10. 788
37.6
2,119
27.0
1,206
19.2
866
15.1
893
12.2
1,268
2.1
2,704
4.4
Aggra-
vated
assault
6,810
23.7
1,924
24.5
1,828
29.0
1,112
19.4
1,070
14.7
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or en-
tering
2 39, 818
203.5
15, 990
203.7
11,705
186.0
9,369
163. 2
9,410
128.9
834 7, 356
14.1 124.8
16,541
26.8
13, 578
22.0
Lar-
ceny-
theft
2 99, 497
508.4
41,125
523.9
29, 475
468.3
27, 370
476.8
26,411
361.7
15,608
264.7
» 93, 648
177.9
a 239,486
454.8
Auto
theft
28,400
99.0
8,169
104.1
4,967
78.9
4,662
81.2
4,085
55.9
2,998
50.8
53,281
86.2
' The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are ba.sed on rejHjrts as follows: Group I,
34 cities, total population, 27,:M3,()00; groups I-VI, 1,952 cities, total population, 60,426,082.
2 The number of ofTen.'^es and rate for burglary and larceny-theft are based on reports as follows: Group I,
33 cities, total jwpulation, 19,.570,100; groups I-VI, 1,951 cities, total population, 52,653,182.
Annual Trends, Offenses Known to the Police, 193940.
Accorclin<2; to tlu' jnonthly reports received from the country's larger
cities during the first 6 months of 1939 and 1940 the following increases
in crimes were noted: Aggravated assault, 6.5 percent; larceny, 5.2
percent; manslaughter by negligence, 4.2 percent; auto theft, 1.2 per-
cent. A slight increase of 0.6 jiercent was seen in offenses of burglaiy.
On the other hand, some offenses showed marked decreases during
the first 6 months of this year in comparison with the corresponding
period of last year. Murders decreased 6.4 p(>rcent, rapes, 5.4 ))ercent,
and robberies, 3.3 percent. There is presented in table 40 the number
66
of offenses known to have been committed during the period of Janu-
ary-June, inchisive, 1939-40, as reported by 342 cities over 25,000
in population. The total population represented is 41,201,385. The
data are presented separately for the first and second quarters of each
year, as well as for the entire first half of 1939 and 1940.
It is interesting to note that in each instance where an increase in
offenses was seen over the 6-month period during 1940 as compared
with 1939 the increase was more pronounced during the second quarter
of this year. For example, aggravated assaults, which showed an
increase of 6.5 percent in comparing the two 6-month periods, in-
creased only 2.8 percent during the first quarter of 1940, but showed
an upward trend amounting to 9.6 percent during the second quarter
in comparison with the corresponding periods of last year.
On the other hand, in each instance where a decrease was seen in
the 6-month period of 1940 in comparison with last year, the decrease
was most pronounced during the first quarter. To illustrate, it will
be seen that rape offenses during the 6-month period decreased 5.4
percent. However, in comparing the first quarter of 1940 with the
first quarter of 1939 a decrease in this offense is seen of 10.5 percent,
while offenses of rape during the period of April-June of 1940 showed
a decrease of only 0.3 percent when compared with the same period
of last year. In other words it appears that, compared with 1939, the
second quarter of 1940 was not as favorable as the first quarter of
this year.
Table 40. — Annual trends, offenses known to the police, 3^2 cities over 25,000 in
population, January to June, inclusive, 1939~40
[Total population, 41,201,385, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
January-March 1939
January-March 1940
April-June 1939
April-June 1940
January-June 1939..
January-June 1940-..
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
609
525
644
648
1. 253
1,173
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
■ 354
'366
1 309
1 325
1 663
1691
Rape
912
816
905
902
1,817
1,718
Rob-
bery
8,094
7,711
6, 554
6,454
14, 648
14, 165
Aggra-
vated
assault
4,468
4,594
5,209
5,710
9,677
10, 304
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or en-
tering
2 39, 267
2 38,911
2 36, 764
2 37, 582
2 76,031
2 76, 493
Lar-
ceny-
theft
2 93, 053
2 94, 998
2 93, 857
2 101,578
2 186,910
2 196, 576
Auto
theft
21, 301
21,122
19. 312
19, 974
40, 613
41,096
1 The number of offenses of manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 340 cities with a total popula-
tion of 39,473,185.
2 The number of offenses of burglary and larceny is based on reports of 341 cities with a total population
of 39,228,685.
67
Figure 6.
251951°— 40-
68
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location.
In order that there may be available to interested individuals data
concerning crime conditions in specific sections of the country there
is presented in table 42 the number of offenses known to the police
per 100,000 inhabitants during the first 6 months of 1940 for cities
grouped not only according to size but also by geographic divisions.
In examining the crime rates presented in this table marked variances
will be seen in the rates for different sections of the country. Some
of the factors affecting the extent of crime in local communities are
dealt with in the text preceding table 43.
The information presented in tables 39 and 42 is supplemented by
that shown in table 41, wherein may be found the number of poHce
departments whose reports were employed in preparing crime rates
for each of the subgroups shown in tables 39 and 42.
Table 41. — Number of cities included in the tabulation of uniform crime reports,
January to June, inclusive, 1940
Population
Division
Group
I
Group
II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
Total
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England: 173 cities; total population,
5,700,610 -
2
5
9
4
3
3
3
1
5
12
11
10
5
6
3
5
1
4
11
22
23
7
13
4
5
2
6
26
29
49
9
18
4
10
6
13
62
128
100
53
32
22
25
13
35
60
297
282
148
84
34
65
55
109
173
Middle Atlantic: 492 cities; total population,
18,068,927 -
492
East North Central: 473 cities; total popula-
tion, 16,036,960 -- --
473
West North Central: 226 cities; total popula-
tion, 4 976,607 - . .
226
South Atlantic:' i56 cities; total population,
4,775,757
156
East South Central: 70 cities; total popula-
tion, 2,151,591 -
70
West South Central: 113 cities; total popula-
tion, 3,343,396 - - - - -
113
Mountain: 78 cities; total population, 1,221,578.
Pacific: 172 cities; total population, 5,504,756-_
78
172
Total: 1,953 cities; total population,
61.780.182
35
57
93
164
470
1,134
1.953
1 Includes report of District of Columbia.
69
Vy>^
FlGORE 7.
70
In order that the information may be readily available, there are
listed below the States included in the nine geographic divisions.
States Divided by Geographic Division
New England:
Connecticut.
Maine.
Massachusetts.
New Hampshire.
Rliode Island.
Vermont.
Middle Atlantic:
New Jersey.
New York.
Pennsylvania.
East North Central:
Illinois.
Indiana.
Michigan.
Ohio.
Wisconsin.
West North Central:
Iowa.
Kansas.
Minnesota.
Missouri.
Nebraska.
North Dakota.
South Dakota.
West Soutti Central:
Arkansas.
Louisiana.
Oklahoma.
Texas.
South Atlantic:'
Delaware.
Florida.
Georgia.
Maryland.
North Carolina.
South Carolina.
Virginia.
West Virginia.
Mountain :
Arizona.
Colorado.
Idaho.
Montana.
Nevada.
New Mexico.
Utah.
Wyoming.
East South Central:
Alabama.
Kentucky.
Mississippi.
Tennessee.
Pacific :
California.
Oregon.
Washington.
1 Includes District of Columbia.
Table 42. — Number of offenses known to the police per 100,000 inhabitants, January
to June, inclusive, 1940, by geographic divisions and population groups
Geographic division and population
group
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery-
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary-
breaking or
entering
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Auto
theft
New England:
Group I
Group 11. _
Group III_
Group IV_.
Group V.._
Group VI_.
Total, groups I-VI,
Middle Atlantic:
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI.
East North Central:
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI..__ _._.
Total, groups I-VI.
See footnotes at end of table.
0.8
.2
.1
.3
.6
1.8
1.1
.4
.7
1.1
1.2
1.4
2.7
2.0
1.0
1.1
1.4
.8
2.0
16.5
9.7
5.3
4.3
2.9
2.1
7.8
14.3
10.7
14.4
8.5
9.0
7.7
12.5
68.3
28.2
21.1
13.8
16.6
11.3
39.0
8.8
6.3
5.4
4,5
3.0
4.2
6.6
18.6
10.3
13.0
9.3
8.2
6.5
14.7
19.0
22.1
10.5
6.9
7.1
7.0
14.9
87.7
180.8
162. 1
121,3
103.0
101.2
132.5
I 194. 3
129.7
146.2
119.2
100.6
83.5
126.7
179.5
181.3
140.6
136.2
116.8
108.8
158.7
175.8
345.3
300.5
277.7
224.2
146.8
262.7
' 327.8
243.5
237. 9
255.0
174.6
123.6
>220. 5
448.7
547.6
379.2
377.2
320.5
178.9
405.6
182.6
104.2
63.8
55.6
27.1
22.4
86.2
74.7
72.5
70.5
58.9
44.5
30.0
66.1
70.3
115,1
67.3
76.6
68.8
46,4
71.2
71
Table 42. — Number of offenses known to the police per 100,000 inhabitants, January
to June, inclusive, 1940, by geographic divisions and population groups — Con.
Geographic division and population
group
Miirder.
nonnegli-
gonl man-
slaughter
Eobbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary-
breaking or
entering
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Auto
theft
West North Central:
2.6
.4
1.2
.6
.9
.7
31.2
22.1
12.3
9.0
8.2
7.8
8.8
10.1
3.5
4.5
fl. 1
6.5
123.0
151.8
197. 5
160. 3
119.6
101.7
507.9
422. 5
598.8
466.7
435. 3
225.7
65.0
86.7
Group III
111.2
Group IV -
91.5
Group V
57.1
Group VI
37.6
Total, groups I-VI
1.5
19.8
7.4
133. 2
450.8
69.2
South Atlantic:
Group I ' - . -
7.3
8.5
7.5
7.7
fi.2
5.9
52.2
.19.5
29. f.
34.5
Ifi. 3
15.3
40.4
73.8
100.4
83.4
86.5
58.8
212.5
345.2
254.2
2G9.9
172.0
172.3
493.2
945.5
671.6
755.4
511. 1
372.7
165.7
Group II
145.5
Group III
86.6
Group IV _ . -.
90.9
Group V _ -
62.4
Group VI .
77.4
Total, groups I-VI .-
7.4
40.0
68.7
241.5
624.7
119.8
East South Central:
10.9
11.8
7.8
8.5
7.9
10.2
74.0
52.3
26.8
27.3
20.5
30.0
152.2
69.4
107.2
91.7
44.3
72.7
364.1
178.3
266.5
234.1
203.2
159.4
605.3
455.3
509.3
708.2
426.4
190.0
104.9
Group II-
90.4
73.0
Group IV
98.9
Group V
53.4
Group VI
54.2
Total, groups I-VI --
10.0
49.4
104.6
269.0
515.3
86.2
West South Central:
7.2
4.5
6.8
2.4
3.0
8.9
34.4
44.0
18.6
17.1
21.4
18.6
36.1
46.2
59.8
31.7
28.1
29.9
227.0
282.2
222.4
205.9
177.8
188.8
780.9
841.1
803.0
710.3
532.2
364.2
94. 1
Group II - - - .
92. 1
Group III
74.3
Group IV
65.5
Group V -
59.1
Group VI .-
39.9
Total, groups I-VI .-
5.7
30.4
38.9
228.7
716.6
78.8
Mountain:
2.4
1.4
3.9
1.5
1.1
1.7
22.9
27.0
39.1
20.4
24.0
16.4
5.8
4.2
18.6
14.6
5.4
11.6
106.8
263.5
313.1
192.9
198.7
171.7
699.2
513.9
1, 007. 8
1,119.4
1, 020. 1
512.2
93.8
Group II
134.5
132. 1
Group IV..
143.8
Group V
109.4
Group VI
69.8
Total, groups I-VI
1.9
22.9
9.5
186.4
777.4
106.8
Pacific:
Group I
2.2
2.0
1.1
.9
1.9
1.4
57.3
32.8
.30.5
27.0
15.1
16.9
22.0
8.7
11.6
10.1
4.4
11.3
319.5
268.9
267.8
241.7
187.4
212.1
739.0
814.2
913.9
868.7
826.3
745.4
223.0
Group II
145. 0
Group III
116.5
Group IV
163. 6
Group V
120. 0
Group VI
130.7
Total, groups I-VI
1.9
42.1
16.1
280.6
779.9
182 6
' The rates for burglary and larceny arc based on the reports of 3 cities.
2 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 490 cities.
3 Includes the District of Columbia.
72
Figure 8.
73
Offenses in Individual Cities With More Than 100,000 Inhabitants.
The number of offenses reported as having been coinniitted during
the period of April-June 1940 is sliown in table 43. The compilation
includes the reports received from police departments in cities with
more than 100,000 inhabitants. Such data are included here in
order that interested individuals and organizations may have readily
available up-to-date information concerning the amount of crime
committed in their comnuinities. Police administrators and other
interested individuals will probably find it desirable to compare the
crime rates of their cities with the average rates sliown in tables 39
and 42 of this publication. Similarly, they will doubtless desire to
make comparisons with the figures for their communities for prior
periods, in order to determine whether there has been an increase or a
decrease in the amount of crime committed.
A great deal of caution should be exercised in comparing crime
data for individual cities, because dift'erences in the figures may be
due to a variety of factors. The amount of crime committed in a com-
munity is not solely chargeable to the police but is rather a charge
against the entire community. The following is a list of some of the
factors which might aft'ect the amount of crime in a community:
The composition of the population with reference particularly to
age, sex, and race.
The economic status and activities of the population.
Climate.
Educational, recreational, and religious facilities.
The number of police employees per unit of population.
The standards governing appointments to the police force.
The policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts.
The attitude of the public toward law-enforcement problems.
The degree of efficiency of the local law-enforcement agency.
Comparisons between the crime rates of individual cities should not
be made without giving consideration to the above-mentioned factors.
It is more important to determine whether the figures for a given com-
munity show increases or decreases in the amount of crime committed
than to ascertain whether the figures are above or below those of some
other community.
In examining a compilation of crime figures for individual com-
munities it should be borne in mind that in view of the fact that the
data are compiled by different record departments operating under
separate and distinct administrative systems, it is entirely possible
that there may be variations in the practices employed in classifying
complaints of offenses. On the other hand, the crime-reporting
handbook has been distributed to all contributors of crime reports,
and the figures received are included in this bulletin only if they
apparently have been compiled in accordance with the provisions of
the handbook, and the individual department has so indicated.
74
Table 43. — Number of offenses known to the police, April to June, inclusive, 1940,
cities over 100,000 in population
City
Akron, Ohio
Albany, N. Y
Atlanta, Ga
Baltimore, Md
Birmingham, Ala
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, Conn
Buffalo, N. Y
Cambridge, Mass
Camden, N. J
Canton, Ohio
Chattanooga, Tenn...
Chicago, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Columbus, Ohio _
Dallas, Tex
Dayton, Ohio
Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa
Detroit, Mich
Duluth, Minn
Elizabeth, N. J
El Paso, Tex
Erie, Pa
Evansville, Ind
Fall River, Mass
Flint, Mich
Fort Wavne, Ind
Fort Worth, Tex
Gary, Ind
Grand Rapids, Mjch..
Hartford, Conn
Honolulu, T. H
Houston, Tex
Indianapolis, Ind
Jacksonville, Fla
Jersey City, N. J
Kansas City, Kans
Kansas City, Mo
Knoxville, Tenn
Long Beach, Calif
Los Angeles, Calif
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Lynn, Mass
Memphis, Tenn
Miami, Fla
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn
Nashville, Tenn
Newark, N. J
New Bedford, Mass ..
New Haven, Conn
New Orleans, La_. - .
New York, N. Y
Norfolk, Va
Oakland, Calif
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Omaha, Nebr._ _
Paterson, N. J
Peoria, 111
Philadelphia, Pa
Pittsburgh, Pa
Portland, Oreg
Providence, R. I
Reading, Pa
Richmond, Va
Rochester, N. Y
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn
Salt Lake City, Utah.
San Antonio, Tex
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif. _.
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
3
1
30
22
19
4
10
57
20
15
1
17
3
2
21
10
4
12
1
13
7
Robbery
24
16
25
10
2
3
9
6
12
61
6
1
2
27
7
1
12
2
I
7
33
8
80
94
47
70
5
17
3
22
17
24
1,235
101
215
59
46
9
39
16
440
5
7
19
6
12
4
15
15
21
34
15
4
4
79
118
45
Aggra-
vated
assault
23
10
90
188
157
32
1
34
2
12
16
66
403
55
38
19
67
7
9
9
252
1
5
19
2
23
32
3
9
29
5
31
6
52
55
40
Complete
Burglary
— break-
ing or
entering
37
5
135
66
5
35
30
5
498
197
98
151
1
8
144
439
56
77
27
15
39
16
60
40
89
159
5
1
14
3
20
105
351
673
21
38
37
25
47
50
21
17
10
10
14
197
171
140
83
67
9
2
7
2
3
43
93
4
16
97
21
30
13
12
4
57
113
18
7
148
83
255
53
549
403
390
342
92
204
93
57
93
147
2,681
500
780
563
415
203
133
122
1,444
67
66
90
100
107
125
181
67
240
175
127
217
245
642
7.39
241
data not
184
334
84
235
2,221
77
105
422
310
162
332
135
714
205
214
129
964
232
333
243
114
105
113
603
676
465
141
93
259
129
345
292
198
330
132
739
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
0)
1,
52
23
108
190
65
167
51
66
21
49
14
894
177
43
97
31
20
62
60
267
25
14
9
10
9
49
19
21
27
29
37
27
61
153
70
received
(')
151
54
65
913
249
9
53
109
73
88
141
105
16
6S
133
0)
40
35
31
22
21
12
209
110
161
48
16
62
34
(■)
45
11
77
34
167
Under
$50
486
138
1,030
753
406
541
359
398
189
86
223
362
2,929
1,297
2,803
9.52
1,704
781
1,095
417
7,156
307
156
340
186
350
80
4.59
524
791
202
594
479
524
1,405
1,353
630
324
1, 042
188
789
4.332
1,090
47
219
683
356
1,213
879
218
968
281
334
370
4.792
473
1.065
443
233
62
187
483
523
1,178
176
113
835
.521
2,476
709
383
900
547
1,634
1 Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
76
Table 43.- — Number of offenses known to the police, April to June, inclusive, 19^0,
cities over 100,000 in population — Continued
City
Scranton, Pa..
Seattle, Wash
Somcrville, Mass...
South Bend, Ind...
Spwkane, Wash
Springfield, Mass..
Syracuse, N. Y
Tacoma, Wash
Tampa, Fla
Toledo, Ohio
Trenton, N. J
Tulsa, Okla
Utica, N. Y
Washington, D. C.
Waterbury, Conn..
Wichita, Kans
Wilmington, Del...
Worcester, Mass...
Yonkers, N. Y
Youngstown, Ohio.
Murder,
nonnogli-
gent man-
slaughter
2
2
2
1
2
1
19
Aggra-
Burglary
—break-
Larceny— theft
Robbery
vated
assault
entering
$50 and
over
Under
$60
5
10
154
21
176
66
26
501
07
852
5
1
33
8
49
7
2
111
21
361
20
11
170
16
571
1
4
95
22
268
2
3
85
31
226
9
3
107
11
181
7
18
168
19
341
67
30
406
92
706
17
33
220
22
253
27
31
263
61
602
1
2
19
14
175
163
70
571
191
1,704
1
1
91
9
71
2
5
54
7
297
14
33
87
31
310
4
6
101
30
253
6
31
6
60
63
31
197
23
324
Auto
theft
45
288
35
56
76
94
73
45
36
164
46
69
28
461
58
20
48
84
41
98
Offenses Known to Sheriffs, State Police, and Other Rural Officers, 1940.
In compiling national police statistics under the system of uniform
crime reporting a distinction is made between offenses committed in
urban communities and those occurring in rural sections of the coun-
try. The preceding tables in this issue of the bulletin have dealt en-
tirely with urban offenses. Comprehensive data regarding rural
crimes are not yet available. However, there is presented in table 44
the number of rural offenses reported by 1,014 sheriffs, 8 State police
organizations, and 88 village officers.
Table 44. — Offenses known, January to June, inclusive, 1940, as reported by 1,014
sheriffs, 8 State police organizations, and 88 village officers
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Offenses known
561
411
1,081
1,766
2,999
14, 144
22, 544
4.680
251951°— 40 3
76
Urban and Rural Crime Rates, 1939.
Generally, it is found that crime rates for offenses against property
(robbery, burglary, larceny, and auto theft) are lower in the rural
sections of the Nation than in the urban communities. However, it
is quite frequently found that the rural crime rates for offenses against
the person (criminal homicide, rape, and aggravated assault) exceed
the rates in the cities and towns. These observations were made from
an examination of crime reports received during the calendar year
1939 from law-enforcement agencies policing the urban and rural areas
of seven selected States.
In selecting the States to be used for this study an effort was made
to have dift'erent sections of the Nation represented. Other factors
taken into consideration in the selection of the States to be used in
this study were (1) the number of cities represented by a complete
set of monthly reports during last year; (2) the number of counties
represented by a complete set of reports; (3) the percentage of urban
and rural populations represented; and (4) the uniformity with which
the urban and rural crime reports had apparently been prepared.
The results of the study are presented in table 45, which shows the
number of offenses known per 100,000 inhabitants for the urban and
rural sections of the States indicated. The following tabulation shows
for each State involved the proportion of the total urban and rural
population represented in table 45.
State
Percentage
of urban
population
represented
Percentage
of rural
population
represented
State
Percentage
of urban
population
represented
Percentage
of rural
population
represented
California _, -
93.8
61.5
95.2
96.8
76.5
61.1
100.0
71.4
Minnesota
Rhode Island
100.0
96.9
96.5
100.0
Idaho
100.0
Washington
64.2
Michigan
The classification of communities as urban or rural by the Bureau
of the Census has been employed in preparing the following tabula-
tion. Generally communities classed as urban are incorporated places
with populations of 2,500 or more.
Table 45. — Urban and rural offenses known, January to December, inclusive, 1939;
number and rate per 100,000 inhabitants, in selected States
[Both urban and rural population data are from the 1930 census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burgla-
ry—
break-
ing or
entering
Larce-
ny-
theft
State
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man- ^
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
CALIFOR.MA
Urban (population repre-
sented, 3,904,212):
Number of offenses
known
Rate per 100,000.
164
4.2
79
6.8
155
4.0
79
6.8
642
16.4
271
23.4
3,807
97.5
479
41.3
1, 528
39.1
445
38.4
22, 489
576. 0
4,582
395.1
62,984
1, 613. 2
7,648
659.6
16, 440
421.1
Rural (population repre-
sented, 1,159,571):
Number of offenses
known
1, 606
Rate per 100,000
138.5
77
Table 45. — Urban and rural offenses known, January to Decetnber, inclusive, 1939;
number and rate per 100,000 inhabitants, in selected States — Continued
state
lUAHO
Urban (population repre-
sented, 79,(>11):
Number of offenses
known.
Rate per 100,000
Rural (population repre-
sented, 192,782):
Number of offenses
known
Rate per 100,000
MASSACHUSETTS
Urban (i)opulation repre-
sented, 3,649,391):
Number of offenses
known —
Rate per 100,000 --
Rural (population repre-
sented, 418,188):
Number of offenses
known
Rate per 100,000
Criminal homicide
MICHIGAN
Urban (population repre-
sented, 3,197,439):
Number of offenses
known
Rate per 100,000
Rural (population repre-
sented, 1,099,055):
Number of offenses
known
Rate per 100,000
MINNESOTA
Urban (population repre-
sented, 1,254,272):'
Number of offenses
known
Rate per 100,000-
Rural (population repre-
sented, l,309,fi81): >
Number of offenses
known
Rate per 100,000
RHODE ISLAND
Urban (population repre-
sented, 615,051):
Number of offenses
known - .
Rate per 100,000. _.
Rural (population repre-
sented, 52,068):
Number of offenses
known
Rate per 100,000.
Murder,
nonnesj-
lipent
man-
slaugh-
ter
WASHINOTON
Urban (population repre-
sented, 853,443):
Number of offenses
known
Rate per 100,000
Rural (population repre-
sented, t36,010):
Number of offenses
known
Rate per 100,000
5
6.3
7
3.6
34
0.9
6
1.4
93
2.9
20
1.8
25
2.0
32
2.4
4
0.6
21
2.5
6
1.4
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
2
2.5
5
2.6
93
2.5
1.9
80
2.6
30
2.7
20
1.6
10
0.8
11
1.8
1
i.y
15
1.8
13
3.0
Rape
Rob-
bery
8
10.0
26
13.5
318
8.7
40
9.6
661
20.7
128
11.6
50
4.0
82
0.3
23
3.7
1
l.'J
48
5.6
68
15.6
37
46. 5
26
13.5
832
22.8
26
6.2
1,914
59.9
137
12.5
520
41.5
133
10.2
27
4.4
1
1.9
517
60. 6
72
16.5
.\ggra-
vated
assault
9
11.3
34
17.6
341
9.3
29
6.9
1,030
32.2
96
8.7
128
10.2
86
6.6
60
9.7
3.8
185
21.7
118
27.1
Burgla-
ry—
break-
ing or
entering
459
.576. 6
344
178.4
9,323
255. 5
520
124. 3
10, 168
318.0
1,606
146.1
3, 483
277.7
1,275
97.4
1,228
199.5
162
311.1
5, 224
612.1
873
200.2
Larce-
ny-
theft
1,569
1,970.8
773
403.6
18, 863
516.9
750
179.3
37, 786
1.181.8
2,965
269. 8
10, 195
812.8
1,626
124.2
3.071
49S. S
119
228.5
11,741
1, 375. 7
?,073
47.5. 4
Auto
theft
258
324. 1
118
61.2
6, 441
170.5
lO'J
26.1
5,768
180.4
535
48.7
2, 436
194.2
386
29.5
467
75.9
12
23.0
2,514
294.6
214
49.1
1 Richfield, population 3,344 (including Fort Snelling), treated as rural.
78
Offenses Known in Territories and Possessions of the United States.
There are presented in table 46 the avaihible crime data for the
Territories and possessions of the United States. The figures are
based on reports received from the first three judicial divisions of
Alaska; Honolulu City and the Counties of Hawaii, Honolulu, and
Maui, in the Territory of Hawaii; Isthmus of Panama, C. Z., and
Puerto Rico. The tabulation is based on the number of offenses
known to law-enforcement officials of both urban and rural areas with
the exception that the data for Honolulu City have been segregated
from the figures for Honolulu County.
Table 46. — Number of offenses known in United States Territories and possessions,
January to June, inclusive, 1940
[Population figures from Federal census, Apr. 1, 1930]
Jurisdiction reporting
Alaska:
First judicial division (Juneau),
population, 19,304; number of of-
fenses known
Second judicial division (Nome),
population, 10,127; number of of-
fenses known
Third judicial division (Valdez),
population, 16,309; number of of-
fenses known
Hawaii:
Honolulu City, population, 137,582
number of offenses known
Hawaii County, population, 73,325
number of offenses known
Honolulu County, population, 65,341
number of offenses known
Maui County, population, 56,146
number of offenses known
Isthmus of Panama: Canal Zone, popu-
lation, 39,467; number of offenses
known
Puerto Rico: Population, 1,543,913; num-
ber of offenses known
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
1
126
Rob-
bery
3
33
Aggra-
vated
assault
10
3
4
6
6
1,040
Bur-
glary-
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
22
3
3
519
107
78
53
32
566
Larceny — theft
Over
$50
13
68
8
10
4
17
62
Under
$50
17
11
1, 066
212
137
115
217
1,587
Auto
theft
112
11
19
5
18
45
79
Data From Supplementary Offense Reports.
The majority (53.3 percent) of the robberies committed durinti;
the first 6 months of 1940 were classified as liiohway robberies, and
40 percent were robberies of some type of commercial house. Only
4 percent were residence robberies, and 2.7 percent classed as miscel-
hi neons.
More than half (53.9 percent) of the burglaries were perpetrated
in nonresidence structures, and 46.1 percent were burglaries of resi-
dences. During the first 6 months of this year 21 percent of the
burglaries committed were perpetrated during the day. However,
the proportion of daytime burglaries is noticeably different when
considering only residence burglaries. Only 9.6 percent of the non-
residence burglaries were perpetrated during the day, while a study
of the residence burglaries discloses that 34 percent were committed
(hiring the day.
Most of the larcenies involved property valued between $5 and
$50. During the period January-June 1940, 64.1 percent of the
larcenies reported involved property from $5 to $50 in value; 24.9
percent involved property valued at less than $5; and only in 11
percent of the thefts was the property valued in excess of $50. Thefts
of automobile accessories and other articles from automobiles rep-
resented 37.1 percent of the larcenies reported, and bicycles consti-
tuted 13 percent of the total. Thus, thefts of articles from auto-
mobiles, and thefts of bicycles constituted one-half of all the larcenies
reported during the first 6 months of this year.
More than half (51.3 percent) of the offenses of rape reported were
classified as statutory (not forcible — victim under age of consent) in
character.
The preceding analysis of offenses committed was made possible
by supplementary offense reports forwarded to the FBI by 52
police departments in cities with populations in excess of 100,000,
and the figures upon which the percentages are based are presented
in table 47.
80
Figure 9.
81
Table 47. — Number of known offenses with divisions as to the nature of the crim-
inal act, time and place of commitision,' and value of property stolen, January to
June, inclusive, 1940: 52 cities over 100,000 in population
[Total population, 18,252,038, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Classification
Rape:
Forcible
Statutory
Total
Robbery:
Highway
Commercial house -
Oil station
Chain store.-
Residence
Bank
Miscellaneous.-
Total
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Residence (dwelling) :
Committed during night. ._
Committed during day
Nonresidence (store, office, etc.)
Committed during night. ..
Committed during day
Total ..
Number
of actual
offenses
391
412
803
4,190
2,357
691
90
312
16
210
7,866
10, 595
5,568
17,116
1,809
35, 088
Classification
Larceny — theft (except auto theft)
(grouped according to value of article
stolen) •
Over $50
$5 to $50
Under $5..
Total _
Larceny — theft (grouped as to type of
offense) :
Pocket-picking
Purse-snatching.
Shoplifting
Thefts from autos (exclusive of auto
accessories) _
Auto accessories
Bicycles
All other
Total
Number
of actual
offenses
9,290
54,012
20, 957
84,259
1,086
2,707
2,553
16, 268
14, 980
10, 933
35, 732
f4. 259
In further examining the supplementary offense reports forwarded
to the Bureau this year it is found that during the first 6 months 97.2
percent of stolen automobiles were recovered. The 52 cities referred
to in table 48 reported the theft of 18,63 T automobiles and 18,113
were reported recovered.
Table 48. — Recoveries of stolen automobiles, January to June, inclusive, 1940;
52 cities over 100,000 in population
[Total population, 18,252,038, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Number of automobiles stolen 18, 631
Number of automobiles recovered 18, 113
Percentage recovered 97. 2
Recovered property amounted to 67.1 percent of the value of
property reported stolen. E.xcluding automobiles, the value of
property recovered during the first 6 months of 1940 was equal to
23 percent of that stolen (hiring the same period. In table 49 there
are presented data taken from the supplementary offense reports
received from 52 police departments in cities with populations in
excess of 100,000 conc(!rning the value of property stolen and recov-
ered, subdivided by type of property. Exclusive of automobiles,
there was stolen in these cities property valued at $5,539,762.57,
and during the same period property recovered was valued at $1,274,-
614.40. Stolen automobiles were valued at $8,214,319.89 and
recovered automobiles amounted to $7,949,905.25.
82
Table 49. — Value of property stolen and value of property recovered with divisions
as to type of property involved, January to June, inclusive, 1940; 52 cities over
100,000 in population
[Total population, 18,252,038, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Type of property
Currency, notes, etc
Jewelry and precious metals
Furs
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles..
Miscellaneous _
Total
Value of prop-
erty stolen
$1, 352, 362. 81
1, 249, 202. 13
274, 638. 18
694, 766. 69
8, 214, 319. 89
1, 968. 792. 76
13, 754, 082. 46
Value of prop-
erty recovered
$187, 130. 44
249,771.26
33, 432. 23
126, 640. 73
7, 949, 905. 25
677, 639. 74
9, 224, 519. 65
Percent
recovered
13.8
20.0
12.2
18.2
96.8
34.4
67.1
83
Figure 10.
251951°— 40-
84
Figure 11.
POLICE EMPLOYEE DATA
Police Officers Killed by Criminals, 1939.
There were 18 police officers killed in line of duty last year in 374
cities, with over 25,000 inhabitants, representing a total population
of 50,199,054. This constitutes a rate of 1.8 for every 5 million
inhabitants.
This information was made available by means of special reports
forwarded to the Federal Bureau of Investigation covering the calen-
dar year 1939 and in examining similar data for the 2 preceding years,
it is noted that the number of police officers killed by criminals per
5 million inhabitants during 1937 and 1938 was in each instance more
than double the rate for 1939. The rate for each of the years 1937
and 1938 was 3.9.
The 1939 data are shown in table 50, with the cities divided into
four groups according to size. The data in this tabulation may be
compared with similar information presented in table 51 of volume X,
No. 2 and table 68 of volume IX, No. 3 of this bulletin for 1938 and
1937 respectively.
Table 50. — Number of pot
icemen killed by criminals, 1939
Population group
Number
per
5,000,000
inhabi-
tants
Geographic division
Group I
Group 11
Group III
Group IV
Total
Over
250,000
100,000 to
250,000
50,000 to
100,000
25,000 to
50,000
Groups
I-IV
New England: 56 cities; total popula-
tion, 4,529,663; number of policemen
killed
Middle Atlantic: 78 cities; total popu-
lation, 15,884,872; number of police-
men killed
3
6
1
4
7
1 3
East North Central: 98 cities; total pop-
ulation, 13,174,178; number of police-
men killed
1
1
2 7
West North Central: 27 cities; total
population, 3,562,300; number of
po icemen killed..
South Atlantic: ' 36 cities; total popu-
lation, 3,586,451; number of police-
men killed
1
1
3
2
1 4
East South Central: 14 cities; total pop-
ulation, 1,531,468; number of police-
men killed _._
2
1
1
9 8
West South Central: 27 cities; total
population, 2,772,900; number of
policemen killed. .
1
3.6
Mountain: 9 cities; total population,
715,732; number of policemen killed. .
Pacific: 29 cities; total population,
4,441,490; number of policemen killed.
1
1
1. 1
Total:
Number of policemen killed .
12
2.0
37
29, 695, 500
2
1.3
54
7,413,412
2
1.5
100
6,728,174
2
1.6
183
6,301,968
18
1.8
374
50, 199, 054
Number killed per 5,000,000 inhabi-
tants
Number of cities
Total population of cities.
' Includes the District of Columbia.
(85)
86
Number of Police Employees, 1939.
On an average the police departments in cities in the eastern geo-
graphic divisions (Middle Atlantic, New England, and South Atlantic)
have more police employees per unit of population than do the police
departments in other sections of the country, according to reports
covering the calendar year 1939 forwarded to the Federal Bureau of
Investigation by 2,750 cities in the United States. This is particularly
true with reference to cities with over 250,000 inhabitants.
It is found generally that the police departments in the larger cities
throughout the country have more police employees per 1,000 inhabi-
tants than those in the smaller communities. This is true in each
geographic division with the exception of the East South Central
States where more employees per unit of population will be found in
the police departments in cities between 50,000 and 100,000, followed
by cities from 100,000 to 250,000 and those over 250,000 respectively.
In table 52 there is presented the average number of police-depart-
ment employees per 1,000 inhabitants for the calendar year 1939.
The data are shown for the cities grouped according to population
and geographic location. The information presented in table 52 is
supplemented by that shown in table 51, which indicates the number
of cities in each group whose reports showing the number of police
employees were used in preparing the summary tabulations.
In examining the data presented in table 52, it will be noted that
in several instances there seems to be only a slight difference in the
average number of police employees between some of the groups of
cities. The significance of the difference is more evident when pre-
sented in terms of the number of inhabitants per police officer. The
following tabulation shows these data for the six groups of cities
divided according to size:
Average number of
inhabUnntx per
Population group: police officer
I 457
II 680
III 737
IV 826
V 923
VI 898
The population figures used in preparing the data presented in table
52 were estimates as of July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census for
all cities over 10,000 in population. No similar estimates were avail-
able, however, for cities with a smaller number of inhabitants, and for
them the figures listed in the 1930 decennial census were used.
87
Table 51. — Number of cities included in the tabulation showing the average number
of police-department employees, 1939, by geographic divisions and population
groups
Population
Division
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total
Over
100,000 to
50,000 to
26,000 to
10,000 to
Less than
250,000
250,000
100,000
50,000
25,000
10,000
New England: 214 cities; total
population, 6,292,471
2
12
13
31
72
84
214
Middle Atlantic: 645 cities;
total population, 20,387,261 _
7
11
24
37
151
415
045
East North Central: 616 cities;
total population, 17,163,284__
9
10
26
54
117
400
616
West North Central: 312 cities;
total population, 5,513,535. _
4
5
7
11
62
223
312
South Atlantic:' 255 cities;
total population, 5,423,508. -.
3
6
14
19
44
169
255
East South Central; 130 cities;
total population, 2,541,818.
3
3
4
6
28
86
130
West South Central: 21 8 cities;
total population, 4,126,823...
3
5
7
12
38
153
218
Mountain: 123 cities; total
population, 1 ,461 ,785
1
1
2
6
17
96
123
Pacific: 237 cities; total popu-
lation, 5,782,400
5
4
6
15
39
168
237
Total:
Cities
37
29, 695, 500
57
7, 850, 312
103
6, 893, 474
191
6,650,168
568
8, 765, 546
1,794
8, 837, 885
2,750
Population
68, 692, 885
» Includes report of District of Columbia.
88
Table 52. — Average number of ■police-department employees, 19S9, by geographic
divisions and population groups
Population
Division
New England:
Number of police
Average number
inhabitants
Middle Atlantic:
Number of police
Average number
inhabitants
East North Central:
Number of police
Average number
inhabitants
West North Central:
Number of police
Average number
inhabitants
South Atlantic: '
Number of police
Average number
inhabitants
East South Central:
Number of police
Average number
inhabitants
West South Central:
Number of police
Average number
inhabitants
Mountain:
Number of police
Average number
inhabitants
Pacific:
Number of police
Average number
inhabitants
employees
of employees per 1,000
employees
of employees
employees
of employees
Total:
Number of police employees
Average number of employees per
1,000 inhabitants
113, 22fi
1. 65
' Includes Washington, D. C.
89
m
m
^
^
-JsiNVllSVHNI OOO'I U3d SaBAOIdMB iO U3eNnNl-
O tf> o m
cj — — o
iSlNVliavHNI OOO'l H3d S33A01dN3dO tl38NnN
m o
<7>
Figure 12.
90
Figures for individual cities with more than 25,000 inhabitants are
presented in table 53. The cities are divided into groups according to
size, and for each group the cities are listed alphabetically, first by
State and then by name of city. For each city separate figures are
shown for the number of police officers and the number of civilians
employed in the police department. It is observed that 7 percent of
the police emjiloyees in table 53 were classified as civilians.
Although information concerning the number of police employees
is included in the monthly crime reports received from police depart-
ments, this item was made the subject of a separate detailed inquiry
in order to obtain the highest possible degree of accuracy and uni-
formity in the figures published.
Table 54 includes figures for individual police departments of cities
ranging from 2,500 to 25,000 inhabitants.
In connection with the possibility of making a comparison between
the police personnel figures of individual cities, it should be noted that
there are several variable factors to be considered which are not in any
way represented in the tables which follow. Reference is made to the
following facts:
(1) In some cities, when regular police officers are absent due to
vacations, days off, sickness, or otherwise, their places are taken by
special or reserve officers who are paid only for the time they actually
work. This means that the effective strength of the department is
not lowered by absences for the reasons mentioned. On the other
hand, in many cities, absences due to vacations, days off, sickness, etc.,
result in a lowering of the effective strength of the department, due to
the fact that no reserve officers are used for replacements.
(2) Some police departments operate on two shifts, whereas in
other departments the men are distributed among three shifts.
Obviously the practice followed in any individual community would
have a substantial influence upon the effective strength of the de-
partment.
(3) Differences in automobile equipment, radio-communication
facilities, and the like are significant and should be considered m
any careful comparison of law-enforcement facilities in individual
communities.
(4) Some cities use special school-crossing guards to make it im-
necessary to detail regular police officers to guide children and regulate
traffic at school crossings during horn's when children are going to or
returning from school. In some instances, the reporting departments
had apparently calculated the equivalent number of full-time em-
ployees represented by the school-crossing guards and included them
in the figure representing the total number of employees. In other
cases, it was not clear whether this had been done, and this is pointed
out as an item to be considered when comparing figures for individual
communities.
(5) In some cities, a heavy volume of traffic requires a larger than
average proportion of the force on traffic duty, with a resultant de-
crease in the number of men available to handle criminal cases.
(6) Differences in police salaries and standards for appointment to
the force and their influence on the quality and morale of personnel
are significant.
(7) Communities vary also as to the number of private police
employed by individuals and organizations.
91
(8) Tli(>r(> is i\ great v^arianco in cities throughout the United States
with reference to the number of inhabitants per square mile.
Table 53. — A^umbcr of police-department employees, 1939; cities over 26,000 in
population
CITIES WITH OVEH 2SO,000 INHABITANTS
City
Birmingham, Ala
Los Angeles, Calif
Oakland. Calif
San Francisco, Calif.
Denver, Colo._
Washington, I). O...
Atlanta, Qa.
Chic:igo. Ill
Indianapolis, Ind
Louisville, Ky
New Orleans, La
Baltimore, Md
Boston, ^Iass
Detroit, Mich
Minneai)olis, Minn _
St. Paul, Minn
Kansas City, Mo
St. Louis, Mo -
Jersey City, N. J
Num-
Num-
ber of
ber of
police
civil-
officers
ians
237
11
2,410
360
395
11
1,303
70
406
.1
1,422
10(J
398
64
6,329
293
.V20
55
410
18
844
1,708
211
2,183
184
3,674
279
471
33
330
22
485
177
1,802
440
832
109
Total
num-
ber of
em-
ployees
248
2.770
406
1, 373
411
1, .522
462
6,622
.575
428
844
1,919
2, 367
3, 9.53
.504
352
662
2,242
941
City
Newark, N. J
Buffalo. N. Y
New York, N. Y.
Rochester, N. Y.
Akron, Ohio
Cincinnati, Ohio.
Cleveland, Ohio..
Columbus, Ohio.
Toledo, Ohio.
Portland, Oreg
Philadelphia, Pa.
Pittsburgh, Pa..
Providence, R. I_
Memphis, Tenn..
Dallas, Tex
Houston, Tex
Seattle, Wash
Milwaukee, Wis.
Num-
Num-
ber of
ber of
police
civil-
officers
ians
1,111
106
1,139
137
18,766
1,134
430
34
194
23
704
28
1,420
213
318
352
50
378
72
5,037
225
982
56
485
68
271
62
270
55
367
46
526
49
1,104
117
Total
num-
ber of
em-
ployees
1,217
1,276
19, 9(K)
464
217
732
1,033
318
402
4.50
5,262
1.038
5.53
333
325
413
575
1.221
CITIES WITH 100,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS
Long Beach, Calif
San Diego, Calif
Bridgeport, Conn
Hartford, Conn
New Haven, Conn
Waterbury, Conn
Wilmington, Del
Jacksonville, Fla
Miami, Fla
Tampa, Fla
Peoria, IlL
Evansville, Ind
Fort Wayne, Ind
Gary, Ind
South Bend, Ind
Des Moines, Iowa
Kansas City, Kans...
Wicliita, Kans
Cambridge, Mass
Fall River, Mass
Lowell, Mass
Lynn, Mass
New Bedford, Mass..
Somerville, Mass
Springfield, Mass . . .
Worcester, Mass
Flint. Mich
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Duluth, Minn
205
38
243
201
26
227
264
2
266
339
22
361
339
26
365
202
8
210
167
3
170
200
17
217
208
44
252
83
15
98
117
16
133
128
13
141
123
1
124
148
11
1.59
99
5
104
1.56
18
174
87
6
93
98
11
109
232
3
235
187
12
199
170
15
185
148
5
1.53
212
8
220
1.50
2
152
283
18
301
348
21
369
1.52
25
177
181
24
205
134
4
1.38
Omaha, Nebr
Camden, N. J
Elizabeth, N.J
Paterson, N. J
Trenton, N. J
Albany, N. Y
Syracuse, N. Y
Utica, N. Y
Yonkers, N. Y
Canton, Ohio
Dayton, Ohio
Youngstown, Ohio
Oklahoma City, Okla..
Tulsa, Okla
Erie, Pa
Reading, Pa
Scranton, Pa
Chattanooga, Tenn
Knoxville, Tenn
Nashville, Tenn
El Paso, Tex
Fort Worth, Tex
San Antonio, Tex
Salt Lake City, Utah..
Norfolk, Va
Richmond, Va
Spokane, Wash
Tacoina, Wash
253
45
187
19
199
14
241
1
221
17
332
28
299
17
153
12
290
11
100
185
20
158
5
241
18
127
29
129
3
159
4
167
14
1,37
148
32
179
31
86
11
219
10
208
59
164
2
225
18
255
32
136
4
111
1
298
206
213
242
238
360
316
165
301
100
205
163
2.59
156
132
163
181
137
180
210
97
229
267
166
243
287
140
112
CITIES WITH .50,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS
Mobile, Ala
Montgomery, Ala...
Phoonix, hv'n.
Little Rock, Ark...
Berkeley. Calif
Fresno. Calif
Olendale. Calif
Pasadena, Calif
Sacramento, Calif .
San Jose, Calif .
Pueblo, Colo
New Britain, Conn.
Augusta, Ga
Macon, Oa .
Savannah, Ga
Berwyn, 111
Cicero, III
Decatur, 111
100
14
114
114
114
81
8
89
81
81
80
2
82
79
17
96
97
1
98
94
15
109
125
22
147
60
1
61
48
1
49
97
97
102
6
108
67
3
70
139
10
149
36
3
39
75
1
76
.50
3
53
See footnotes at end of table.
251951° — 40 5
East St. Louis, 111...
Evanston, 111
Oak Park, 111.
Rockford, 111
Springfield, 111
East Chicago, Ind...
Hammond, Ind
Terre Haute, Ind
Cedar Rapids, lowa.
Davenport, Iowa
Sioux City, Iowa
Tojieka, Kans
Covington, Ky
Shreveport, La
Portland, Maine
Brockton, Mass
Holyoke, Mass
Lawrence, Mass
67
9
82
17
69
2
84
6
83
19
70
83
5
77
59
68
78
5
65
7
67
3
(')
(')
102
5
100
4
95
3
128
2
76
99
71
90
102
70
88
77
59
68
83
72
70
120
107
104
98
130
92
Table 53. — Number of police-department employees, 1939; cities over 25,000 in
population — Continued
CITIES WITH 50,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS
City
Maiden, Mass
Medford, Mass
Newton, Mass
Pittsfield, Mass
Quiney, Mass
Dearborn, Mich
Hamtramck, Mich__.
Highland Park, Mich
Jackson, Mich
Kalamazoo, Mich
Lansing, Mich
Pontiac, Mich
Saginaw, Mich
Jackson, Miss
St. Joseph, Mo
Springfield, Mo
Lincoln, Nebr
Manchester, N. H
Atlantic City, N. J...
Bayonne, N. J
Clifton, N.J
East Orange, N. J
Hoboken, N. J
Irvington, N. J
Passaic, N. J
Union City, N. J
Binghamton, N. Y_..
Mount Vernon, N. Y
New Rochelle, N. Y^
Niagara Falls, N. Y_.
Schenectady, N. Y.,
Troy, N. Y
Asheville, N. C
Charlotte, N. C
Num-
Num-
ber of
ber of
police
civil-
officers
ians
113
2
98
1
139
5
56
126
i
130
11
87
6
99
6
60
2
68
7
85
4
59
9
81
11
57
13
94
9
61
3
70
10
103
4
131
10
Total
num-
ber of
em-
ployees
115
99
144
56
127
141
93
105
62
75
89
68
92
70
103
64
80
107
141
Complete data
received
not
51
111
157
71
7
105
8
118
114
7
129
3
140
3
120
10
150
14
166
3
65
2
101
4
51
111
157
78
113
118
121
132
143
130
164
169
67
105
City
Durham, N. C
Greensboro, N. C
Winston-Salem, N. C
Cleveland Heights, Ohio.
Hamilton, Ohio
Lakewood, Ohio
Springfield, Ohio
Allentown, Pa
Altoona, Pa
Bethlehem, Pa
Chester, Pa
Harrisburg, Pa
Johnstown, Pa
Lancaster, Pa
McKeesport, Pa
Upper Darby Township,
Pa
Wilkes-Barre, Pa.
York, Pa
Pawtucket, R. I
Woonsocket, R. I
Charleston, S. C
Columbia, S. C
Austin, Tex
Beaumont, Tex
Galveston, Tex
Port Arthur, Tex
Waco, Tex
Roanoke, Va
Charleston, W. Va
Huntington, W. Va
Wheeling, W. Va
Kenosha, Wis
Madison, Wis
Racine, Wis
Num-
Num-
ber of
ber of
police
civil-
officers
ians
72
18
73
3
102
3
51
14
53
68
7
54
3
92
8
63
58
1
62
4
131
11
60
1
59
5
74
86
8
105
2
55
1
124
7
73
3
126
14
81
82
8
60
65
2
25
54
90
1
75
3
71
6
71
2
66
2
71
4
66
2
Total
num-
ber of
em-
ployees
CITIES WITH 25,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS
Gadsden, Ala
Tdcson, Ariz
Fort Smith, Ark
Alameda, Calif
Alhambra, Calif
Bakersfield, Calif
Belvedere Township,
Calif.a
Huntington Park, Calif..
Inglewood, Calif
Riverside, Calif
San Bernardino, Calif
Santa Ana, Calif
Santa Barbara, Calif
Santa Monica, Calif
Stockton, Calif
Colorado Springs, Colo..
Bristol, Conn
Meriden, Conn_
Middletown, Conn
New London, Conn
Norwalk, Conn
Stamford, Conn
Torrington, Conn
West Hartford, Conn
West Haven, Conn
Orlando, Fla..^
Pensacola, Fla
St. Petersburg, Fla
West Palm Beach, Fla.-
Columbus, Qa. _ .
Alton, 111
Aurora, 111
Belleville, 111
Bloomington, 111 - -
Danville, 111
See footnotes at end
28
2
30
41
1
42
26
26
37
1
38
36
36
54
2
56
12
12
31
31
34
34
34
2
36
40
1
41
44
44
42
4
46
63
16
79
61
1
62
36
36
19
i
20
41
41
22
22
53
3
56
50
50
92
2
94
31
1
32
40
1
41
28
28
43
10
53
44
4
48
59
4
63
34
34
69
2
71
31
31
42
42
22
1
23
35
3
38
30
1
31
Elgin, 111
Galesburg, 111
Granite City, 111
Joliet, 111
Maywood, 111
Moline, 111
Quiney, 111
Rock Island, 111
Waukegan, 111
Anderson, Ind
Elkhart, Ind
Kokomo, Ind
Lafayette, Ind
Michigan City, Ind_.
Mishawaka, Ind
MuDcie, Ind
New Albany, Ind
Richmond, Ind
Burlington, Iowa
Clinton, Iowa
Council Bluffs, Iowa
Dubuque, Iowa
Ottumwa, lowa^
Waterloo, Iowa
Hutchinson, Kans_..
Ashland, Ky
Lexington, Ky
Newport, Ky
Paducah, Ky
Baton Rouge, La
Monroe, La
Bangor, Maine
Lewiston, Maine
Cumberland, Md —
Hagerstown, Md
Arlington, Mass
(')
38
33
13
50
19
23
44
29
25
)
37
35
37
33
26
54
15
30
24
20
30
40
21
46
30
25
74
43
32
36
35
46
44
46
31
51
(>)
of table.
93
Table 53. — Number of police-deparlment employees, 1939; cities over 26,000 in
population — Continued
CITIES WITH 25,000 TO 50.000 INHABITANTS
City
Beverly, Mass .--
Brookline, Mass -.
Chelsea, Mass
Chicopcc, Mass
Everett, Mass
FitchburR, Mass
Haverhill, Mass _
Revere, Mass -.-.
Salein, Mass.
Taunton, Mass
Waltham, Mass
Watertown, Mass
Ann Arbor, Mich
Battle Creek, Mich
Bay City, Mich
Muskegon, Mich -
Port Huron, Mich
Royal Oak, Mich
Wyanfiotte, Mich
Meridian, Miss
Joplin, Mo
University City, Mo
Butte, Mont
Great Falls, Mont
Concord, N. H
Nashua, N. H...
Belleville, N.J
Bloomflcld, N.J
Garfield, N.J
Hackensack, N. J
Kearny, N. J
Montclair, N.J
New Brunswick, N. J-_,
North Bergen Town-
ship, N. J
Orange, N. J
Perth .\mboy, N. J
Plainfield, N.J.
West New York, N. J. . .
West Orange, N.J
Wood bridge Township,
N.J
Albuquerque, N. Mex..
Amsterdam, N. Y
Auburn, N. Y _..
Elmira, N. Y
Jamestown, N. Y
Kingston, N. Y
Lackawanna, N. Y
Newburgh, N. Y
Poughkeepsie, N. Y
Rome, N. Y
Watertown, N. Y
White Plains, N. Y
High Point, N. C.
Raleigh, N. C
Wilmington, N. C
Fargo, N. Dak
Barberton, Ohio
East Cleveland, Ohio...
Elyria, Ohio
Lima, Ohio
Num-
Num-
Total
ber of
ber of
ber of
em-
ployees
police
civil-
ofTicers
ians
46
1
47
126
4
130
68
4
72
54
4
58
80
80
41
5
46
64
64
44
44
73
4
77
48
4
52
56
4
60
52
5
57
37
37
49
3
52
65
11
76
50
50
37
1
3H
25
25
36
6
42
36
36
36
5
41
37
37
31
31
31
31
27
27
35
35
35
35
61
2
63
34
34
41
1
42
76
2
78
76
1
77
45
1
46
65
2
67
60
1
61
67
67
59
5
64
(')
(■)
80
45
45
35
35
41
41
35
35
46
46
80
80
54
2
56
34
34
45
45 .
47
2
49
61
3
64
30
2
32
38
38
105
I
106
41
41
57
3
60
45
45
38
38
17
17
37
11
48
27
27
30
30
City
Lorain, Ohio
Mansfield, Ohio
Marion, Ohio
Massillon, Ohio
Middletown, Ohio
Newark, Ohio
Norwood, Ohio
Portsmouth, Ohio.
Steubenville, Ohio
Warren, Ohio
Zancsville, Ohio
Enid, Okla
Muskogee, Okla
Salem, Oreg
Aliquippa, Pa
Easton, Pa
Hazleton, Pa
Lebanon, Pa
Lower Merion Town
ship, Pa
Nantieoke, Pa.. -..
New Castle, Pa
Norristown, Pa
Sharon, Pa
Washington, Pa
Wilkinsburg, Pa
Williamsport, Pa
Central Falls, R.I
Cranston, R. I
East Providence, R. I..
Newport, R. I
Greenville, S. C
Spartanburg; S. O
Sioux Falls, S. Dak
Abilene, Tex
Amarillo, Tex
Brownsville, Tex
Corpus Christi, Tex
Laredo, Tex
San Angelo, Tex
Wichita Falls, Tex
Ogden, Utah
Burlington, Vt
Danville, Va
Lynchburg, Va «.-
Newport News, Va
Petersburg, Va
Portsmouth, Va -.
Bellingham, Wash
Everett, Wash
Clarksburg, W. Va
Parkersburg, W. Va
Ap|)leton, Wis
V.a,n Claire, Wis
Fond du Lac, Wis
Green Bay, Wis
LaCrosse, Wis
Oshkosh, Wis
Sheboygan, Wis
Superior, Wis
West Allis, Wis
Num-
ber of
police
oflTicers
35
28
16
19
33
27
32
35
37
33
25
20
30
21
21
36
27
26
112
17
42
37
23
23
27
33
34
48
30
61
58
54
41
25
42
17
45
36
24
45
36
31
40
53
48
37
43
30
34
(')
17
28
26
31
50
47
49
43
52
41
Num-
ber of
civil-
ians
1
36
1
29
16
19
1
34
27
32
1
36
37
33
25
20
2
32
5
26
21
1
37
27
20
1
13
(')
Total
num-
ber of
em-
ployees
119
19
44
37
23
23
27
34
36
48
36
61
60
55
43
28
42
18
58
36
24
49
36
32
40
53
48
40
43
30
34
24
17
28
26
32
54
48
49
43
53
43
' Not separately reported.
2 Belvidcre Townshi[), Calif., is under the jurisdiction of Los Angeles sheriflf's office,
represent employees of the sheriff's office generally assigned to this city.
Figures listed
94
Table 54. — Number of police-department employees, 1939; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS
City
Number of
employees
Anniston, Ala
Bessemer, Ala
Fairfield, Ala
Florence, Ala
Hunts ville, Ala
Phenix City, Ala
Selma, Ala
Tuscaloosa, Ala
El Dorado, Ark
Hot Springs, Ark
Jonesboro, Ark
North Little Rock, Ark_
Pine Bluff, Ark
Texarkana, Ark
Anaheim. Calif
Beverly Hills, Calif
Brawley, Calif
Burbank, Calif
Burlingame, Calif
Compton, Calif
Eureka, Calif
Fullerton, Calif
Modesto, Calif
Monrovia, Calif
Ontario, Calif
Palo Alto, Calif
Pomona, Calif
Redlands, Calif
Richmond, Calif
Salinas, Califs
San Leandro, Calif
San Mateo, Calif
Santa Cruz, Calif
Santa Rosa, Calif
South Gate, Calif
South Pasadena, Calif__.
Vallejo, Calif
Ventura, Calif
Whittier, Calif
Boulder, Colo
Fort Collins, Colo
Grand Junction, Colo-..
Greeley, Colo
Trinidad, Colo
Ansonia, Conn
Dan bury. Conn
Derby, Conn
East Hartford, Conn
Naugatuck, Conn
Norwich, Conn_.
Stratford Town, Conn..
Wallingford, Conn
Willimantic, Conn
Daytona Beach, Fla
Gainesville, Fla
Key West, Fla
Lakeland, Fla
St. Augustine, Fla
Sanford, Fla
Tallahassee, Fla
Albany, Ga
Athens, Ga
Brunswick, Ga
Decatur, Ga
La Grange, Ga
Rome, Ga
Waycross, Ga
Boise, Idaho
Pocatello, Idaho
Blue Island, 111
Brookfield, 111...
Cairo, 111
Calumet City, 111
Canton, 111
Centralia, 111
Champaign, 111
Chicago Heights, 111
East Moline, 111
Elmhurst, IH
20
16
9
8
20
10
21
20
10
24
10
26
12
9
12
62
12
26
15
16
16
11
22
17
19
22
18
15
35
19
13
21
17
13
18
12
17
16
18
8
8
14
12
10
11
22
10
21
29
38
19
13
23
26
14
12
24
13
8
17
18
24
17
10
18
25
13
30
23
15
8
12
9
8
14
17
22
9
12
Elmwood Park, 111
Forest Park, 111
Freeport, 111
Harrisburg, 111
Harvey, 111
Highland Park, 111....
Jacksonville, 111
Kankakee, 111
Kewanee, 111
La Grange, 111
La Salle, 111
Lincoln, 111
Mattoon, 111
Melrose Park, 111
Mount Vernon, 111
Ottawa, 111
Park Ridge, 111
Pekin, 111
Streator, 111
Urbana, 111
West Frankfort, 111...
Wilmette, 111
Winnetka, 111
Bedford, Ind
Bloomington, Ind
Connersville, Ind
Crawfordsville, Ind...
Elwood, Ind
Frankfort, Ind
Goshen, Ind
Huntington, Ind
Jeffersonville, Ind
La Porte, Ind
Logansport, Ind
Marion, Ind
New Castle, Ind
Peru, Ind
Shelbyville, Ind
Vincennes, Ind
Whiting, Ind
Ames, Iowa.
Boone, Iowa
Fort Dodge, Iowa
Fort Madison, Iowa..
Iowa City, Iowa
Keokuk, Iowa
Marshalltown, Iowa..
Mason City, Iowa
Muscatine, Iowa
Newton, Iowa
Oskaloosa, Iowa
Arkansas City, Kans.
Atchison, Kans
Chanute, Kans
Cofley ville, Kans
Dodge City, Kans. . .
El Dorado, Kans
Emporia, Kans
Fort Scott, Kans
Independence, Kans.
Lawrence, Kans
Leavenworth, Kans..
Manhattan, Kans
Newton, Kans
Parsons, Kans
Pittsburg, Kans
Salina, Kans
Bowling Green, Ky..
Fort Thomas, Ky
Frankfort, Ky
Henderson, Ky
Hopkinsville, Ky
Owensboro, Ky
Alexandria, La
Bogalusa La
La Fayette, La
Lake Charles, La
Auburn, Maine
Augusta, Maine
95
Table 54. — Number of police-department employees, 1939; cities ivith population
from 2,500 to 25 ,000— Coninmed
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS
Biddeforil, Maino
South rorlhuul, Maine
WattTvillp, Maine
West brook , Maine
Annapolis, Md
Frodorick, Md _
Salisbury, Md
Adams Town, Mass
Amesbury Town, Mass
Athol Town, Mass
Attlcboro, Mass _
Belmont Town, Mass
Braintree Town, Mass -..
CMinton, Mass..
Danvers Town, Mass
Dedham Town, Mass
Eastiiampton Town, Mass
Fairhaven Town, Mass
Framingham Town, Mass
Gardner, Mass
Gloucester, Mass -..
Greenfield Town, Mass
Leominster, Mass
Marlborough, Mass..
Melrose, Mass. .
Methuen Town, Mass
Milford Town, Mass
Milton Town, Mass
Natick Town, Mass..
Needham Town, Mass
Newbury port. Mass
North Adams, Mass..
Northampton, Mass
North Attleboro Town, Mass.
Norwood, Mass
Peabody, Mass
Plymouth, Mass...
Saugus Town, Mass
Southbridge Town, Mass
Stoneham Town, Mass
Swarapscott Town, Mass
Wakefield Town, Mass
Webster Town, Mass
Wellesley Town, Mass
Westfleld, Mass . . ;
West Springfield Town, Mass
Winchester Town, Mass
Winthrop, Mass
Woburn, Mass
Adrian, Mich.
Alpena, Mich
Benton Harbor, Mich
Ecorse, Mich
Escanaba, Mich
Ferndale, Mich
Grosse Pointe Park, Mich
Holland, Mich
Iron Mountain, Mich
Ironwood, Mich
Lincoln Park, Mich
Marf|uette, Mich
Menominee, Mich
Monroe, Mich
Mount Clemens, Mich
Muskegon Heights, Mich
Niles, Mich..
Owosso, Mich..
River Rouge, Mich"
Sault Stc. Marie, Mich
Traverse City, Mich
Ypsilanti, Mich
Albert Lea, Minn
Austin, Minn .
Brainerd, Minn .
Faribault, Minn
nibbing, Minn .
Mankato, Minn
Rochester, Minn...
St. Cloud, Minn... ,
South St. Paul. Minn
14
13
12
16
If)
20
16
12
9
16
28
44
19
9
10
19
13
9
25
21
48
16
26
19
41
28
12
35
18
18
18
24
29
19
27
45
14
26
15
12
17
21
II
25
24
24
23
21
21
12
9
15
23
14
24
36
II
6
17
13
12
7
18
15
39
12
]•-•
24
12
10
16
8
16
7
10
30
16
25
21
13
Virginia, Minn
Winona, Minn
Biloxi, Miss..
Clarksdale, Miss.
Columbus, Miss
Greenville, Miss
Greenwood, Miss
Gulfport, Miss
Hattiesburg, Miss
Laurel, Miss.
McComb, Miss
Natchez, Miss
Vioksburg, Miss
Cai)e Girardeau, Mo
Columbia, Mo
Hannibal, Mo
Independence, Mo
Jeffer.son City, Mo.
Maplewood, Mo
Moberly, Mo-
St. Charles, Mo
Sedalia, Mo
Webster Groves, Mo
Anaconda, Mont
Billings, Mont
Helena, Mont
Missoula, Mont
Beatrice, Nebr
Fremont, Nebr
Grand Island, Nebr
Hastings, Nebr . .
Norfolk, Nebr
North Platte, Nebr
Reno, Nev...
Berlin, N. H
Claremont, N. H ... .
Dover, N. H:
Keene, N. H
Laconia, N. H
Portsmouth, N. H
Rochester, N. H
Bridgeton, N. J
Burlington, N. J...
Carteret, N. J
ClitTside Park, N. J...
Collingswood, N. J
Cranford Township, N. J...
Dover, N. J
Englewood, N. J
Gloucester, N. J
Harrison, N. J.._
Hawthorne, N. J_._
Hillside Township, N. J
Linden, N. J ...
Lodi. N.J
Long Branch, N. J
Lyndhur.st Township, N. J.
Maplewood Township, N. J.
Millville, N. J
Morristown, N.J
Neptune Township, N. J...
Nutley, N.J
Pensauken Township, N. J.,
Phillipsburg, N. J..
Pleasantville, N. J
Rah way, N. J
Red Bank, N. J
Ridgefiold Park, N. J ,
Ridgowood, N.J.
Roselle, N.J
South Orange, N. J
South River, N.J
Summit, N. J-
Teaneck Township, N. J
Union Township, N. J
Wcchawken Townshij), N. J
Westfield, N. J
Roswcll, N. Mex
Sante Fe, N. Mex
29
20
13
19
12
15
13
15
16
13
6
17
30
13
20
22
14
14
35
12
12
13
16
7
18
14
14
8
10
21
15
11
14
36
24
6
16
15
20
19
9
12
11
22
26
17
17
9
39
19
51
12
28
59
27
38
24
41
17
25
19
30
15
15
14
24
19
13
27
16
34
13
29
33
30
55
25
9
12
96
Table 54. — Number of police-department employees, 1939; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25 ,000— Contmued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS
City
Number of
employees
Batavia, N. Y
Beacon, N. Y
Cohoes, N. Y
Corning, N. Y
Cortland, N. Y
Dunkirk, N.Y
Endicott, N. Y
Floral Park, N. Y
Freeport, N. Y
Fulton, N.Y
Geneva, N. Y
Glen Cove, N.Y
Glens Falls, N. Y
Gloversville, N. Y
Hempstead, N. Y
Herkimer, N. Y
Hornell, N. Y
Hudson, N.Y
Irondequoit Town, N. Y.
Ithaca, N. Y
Johnson City, N. Y
Johnstown, N. Y
Kenmore, N. Y
Little Falls, N.Y
Lockport, N. Y
Lynbrook, N. Y
Mamaroneck, N. Y
Massena, N. Y
Middletown, N. Y
North Tonawanda, N. Y
Ogdensburg, N. Y
Olean, N. Y
Oneida, N.Y
Oneonta, N. Y
Ossining, N. Y
Oswego, N. Y
Peekskill, N. Y
Plattsburg, N. Y
Port Chester, N. Y
Port Jervis, N. Y
Rensselaer, N. Y
Rockville Centre, N. Y..
Saratoga Springs, N. Y..
Tonawanda, N. Y
Watervliet, N. Y
Concord, N. C
Elizabeth City, N. G
Fayetteville, N. C
Gastonia, N. C
Goldsboro, N. C
Kinston, N. C
Rocky Mount, N. C
Salisbury N. C
Shelby, N.C
Statesville, N. C
Thomasville, N. C
Wilson, N.C
Bismarck, N. Dak
Grand Forks, N. Dak....
Minot, N. Dak
Alliance, Ohio
Ashland, Ohio
Ashtabula, Ohio
Bellaire, Ohio
Bucyrus, Ohio
Cambridge, Ohio..
Campbell, Ohio..
Chillicothe, Ohio
Coshocton, Ohio
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio
East Liverpool, Ohio
Euclid, Ohio
Ffndlay, Ohio
Fostoria, Ohio.
Fremont, Ohio
Garfield Heights, Ohio...
Ironton, Ohio.-
Lancaster, Ohio
Marietta, Ohio
Martins Ferry, Ohio
29
20
29
16
15
17
23
18
32
20
20
32
28
20
44
17
22
19
9
23
13
11
18
8
32
31
28
12
26
25
16
25
14
14
20
23
23
12
43
18
15
38
26
19
22
16
12
24
28
15
18
27
18
12
11
10
21
n
20
14
8
9
19
9
7
9
12
12
8
11
9
22
16
9
10
14
14
15
13
11
New Philadelphia, Ohio
Niles, Ohio
Painesville, Ohio
Parma Village, Ohio
Piqua, Ohio
Salem, Ohio
Sandusky, Ohio
Shaker Heights, Ohio
Struthers, Ohio
Tiffin, Ohio
Wooster, Ohio
Xenia, Ohio
Ada, Okla
Ardmore, Okla
Bartlesville, Okla
Chickasha, Okla
Lawton, Okla
McAIester, Okla
Okmulgee, Okla
Ponca City, Okla
Sapulpa, Okla
Shawnee, Okla
Wewoka, Okla
Astoria, Oreg
Eugene, Oreg
Klamath Falls, Oreg
Medford, Oreg
Abington Township, Pa
Ambridge, Pa
Arnold, Pa
Beaver Falls, Pa
Bellevue, Pa
Berwick, Pa
Braddock, Pa
Bradford, Pa
Bristol, Pa
Butler, Pa
Cannonsburg, Pa
Carbondale, Pa
Carlisle, Pa
Carnegie, Pa
Chambersburg, Pa
Charleroi, Pa
Cheltenham Township, Pa
Clairton, Pa
Coa tes ville, Pa.
Columbia, Pa
Connellsville, Pa
Conshohocken, Pa
Donora, Pa
Dormont, Pa
DuBois, Pa
Dunmore, Pa
Duquesne, Pa.
Ellwood City, Pa
Farrell, Pa...
Franklin, Pa
Greensburg, Pa
Hanover, Pa
Harrison Township, Pa
Haverford Township, Pa
Homestead, Pa
Jeannctte, Pa
Kingston, Pa
Latrobe, Pa..
Lewistown, Pa
Mahanoy City, Pa
McKees Rocks, Pa
Meadville, Pa
Monessen, Pa
Mount Carmel, Pa.
Mount Lebanon Township, Pa
Munhall, Pa
New Kensington, Pa
North Braddock, Pa
Oil City, Pa
Olyphant, Pa
Phoenixville, Pa
Pittston, Pa
Plains Township, Pa
97
Table 54. — Number of police-department employees, 1939; cities with population
from 2,500 to 26,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS
City
Plymouth, Pa
Pottstown, Pa -
Pottsville, Pa
Sluunokin, Pa --
Shmiandoah, Pa
Stoelton, Pa...
Stowe Township, Pa
Siinlmry, Pa -
Swiss vale. Pa
Tama(iua, Pa
Taylor. Pa.
Turtle Creek, Pa
Uniontown, Pa. -
VanderRrift, Pa -
Warren, Pa.
Waynesboro, Pa.. ---
West Chester, Pa ---
Bristol Town, R. I..
Cumberland Town, R. I
Lincoln Town, R. I
North Providence Town, R. I
Warwick, R. I ..- --
Westerly Town, R. I
West Warwick Town, R. I
Anderson, S. C
Florence, S. C_
Greenwood, S. C
Rock Hill, S. C
Sumter, S. C
Aberdeen, S. Dak
Huron, S. Dak
Mitchell, S. Dak._
Rapid City, S. Dak
Watertown, S. Dak
Bristol, Tenn
Johnson City, Tenn
Kingsport, Tenn
Big Spring, Tex..
Brownwood, Tex.
Corsicana, Tex
Del Rio, Tex....
Denison, Tex.
Harlingen, Tex
Lubbock, Tex
Marshall, Tex
Palestine, Tex
Number of
employees
15
17
35
10
12
8
17
5
25
16
6
12
28
4
9
6
14
8
6
9
3
31
11
12
26
16
20
21
15
19
9
10
11
9
12
21
16
14
10
13
7
12
7
22
15
10
City
Pampa, Tex
Paris, Tex
San Benito, Tex
Sherman, Tex
Sweetwater, Tex
Temple, Tex..
Texarkana, Tex
Tyler, Tex
Pro vo, Utah
Rutland, Vt
Alexandria, Va...
Charlottesville, Va
Hopewell, Va
Staunton, Va.. ,
Suffolk, Va
Winchester, Va
Aberdeen, Wash
Bremerton, Wash
Hoquiam, Wash
Long view. Wash
Olympia, Wash
Port Angeles, Wash
Vancouver, Wash
Walla Walla, Wash
Wenatchee, Wash
Yakima, Wash
Bluefield, W. Va
Fairmont, W. Va
Morgantown, W. Va...
Moundsville, W. Va
Ashland, Wis
Beloit, Wis
Cudahy, Wis
Janesville, Wis
Manitowoc, Wis
Shorewood Village Wis
South Milwaukee, Wis.
Stevens Point, Wis
Two Rivers, Wis
Watertown, Wis
Waukesha, Wis
Wausau, Wis
Wauwatosa, Wis
Casper, Wyo
Cheyenne, Wyo
Number of
employees
8
12
4
13
12
12
14
26
9
14
38
23
14
15
19
12
19
14
10
5
11
10
«j
17
15
30
18
17
9
7
10
27
12
22
27
15
11
15
10
11
21
36
35
16
14
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10.000 INHABITANTS
Attalla, Ala
Auburn, Ala
Carbon Hill, Ala..
Cullman, Ala
Demopolis, Ala...
Enterprise, Ala...
Eufaula, Ala
Florala, Ala
Fort Payne, Ala..
Greenville, Ala
Ountersville, Ala.
Homewood, Ala...
Jasper, Ala.
Jacksonville, Ala..
Lanett, Ala
Leeds, Ala
Piedmont, Ala
Prichard, Ala
Roanoke, .\la
Russell ville, Ala..
ShefrieW, Ala
Sylacauga, Ala
Talladega, Ala
Tarrant City, Ala
Troy. Ala
Tuseumbia, Ala...
Bisbee, .\riz
Douglas, Ariz
5
4
4
5
3
3
4
2
5
4
5
5
9
2
7
2
4
8
4
3
7
5
5
5
7
4
7
11
Flagstaff, Ariz
Glendale, Ariz
Globe, Ariz
Jerome, Ariz
Miami, Ariz
Nogales, Ariz
Prescott, .\riz
Winslow, Ariz
Yuma, Ariz
Batesville, Ark...
Brinkley, Ark
Camden, Ark
Crossett, Ark
Dermott, -\rk
Fayette ville, Ark.
Forrest City, Ark
Helena, Ark.
Hope, Ark
Malvern, Ark
McGehee, Ark...
Marianna, Ark...
Mena, Ark.
Monticello, Ark..
Morrilton, Ark...
Newport, Ark
Rogers, Ark
Russellville, Ark.
Searcy, Ark.
98
Table 54. — Number of police-department employees, 1939; cities with population
from 2,500 to 26,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS
Stamps, Ark_
Stuttgart, Ark
Trumann, Ark
Van Buren, Ark
West Helena, Ark
Wvnne, Ark
Albany, Calif
Antioch, Calif
Arcadia, Calif
Auburn, Calif
Azusa, Calif
Bell, Calif
Calexico, Calif -
Cliico, Calif
Chino, Calif
Chula Vista, Calif -
Claremont, Calif
Coalinga, Calif
Colton, Calif
Corona, Calif
Coronado, Calif
Covina, Calif
Culver City, Calif
Daly City, Calif
Delano, Calif
Dinuba, Calif
Dunsmuir, Calif
El Centre, Calif
El Cerrito, Calif
El Atonte, Calif
El Segundo, Calif
Escondido, Calif
Exeter, Calif
Fillmore, Calif
Fort Bragg, Calif
Gardena, Calif
Gilroy, Calif
Glendora, Calif
Grass Valley, Calif
Hanford, Calif
Hawthorne, Calif
Hayward, Calif
Hermosa Beach, Calif
Hollister, Calif
Huntington Beach, Calif-
La Mesa, Calif
La Verne, Calif
Livermore, Calif
Lodi, Calif---.
Lompoc, Calif
Los Oatos, Calif
Lynwood, Calif
Madera, Calif
Martinez, Calif
Marysville, Calif
Maywood, Calif
Merced, Calif
Mill Valley, Calif
Montebello, Calif
Monterey, Calif
Monterey Park, Calif.--.
Mountain View, Calif
Napa, Calif
National City, Calif -
Needles, Calif
Oceanside, Calif
Orange, Calif
Oroville, Calif
Oxnard , Calif
Pacific Grove, Calif
Petaluma, Calif
Piedmont, Calif
Pittsburg, Calif
Porterville, Calif.-
Redding, Calif
Redondo Beach, Calif
Redwood City, Calif
Reedley, Calif
Roseville, Calif-
1
3
4
3
3
5
8
5
14
2
9
10
7
3
7
12
7
15
6
18
4
20
12
4
4
3
14
6
9
18
4
4
3
5
5
5
3
11
8
11
6
11
6
9
5
4
4
7
3
4
13
6
6
14
10
10
8
12
11
11
3
8
10
3
7
9
7
6
5
9
28
11
6
12
18
13
4
8
San Anselmo, Calif
San Bruno, Calif
San Fernando, Calif
San Gabriel, Calif
San Luis Obispo, Calif
San Marino, Calif
San Rafael, Calif
Santa Clara, Calif
Santa Maria, Calif
Santa Paula, Calif
Sausalito, Calif
Selma, Calif
Sierra Madre, Calif
Signal Hill, Calif
South San Francisco, Calif-
Sunnyvale, Calif
Taft, Calif
Torrence, Calif
Tracy, Calif
Tulare, Calif
Turlock, Calif
Upland, Calif
Visalia, Calif
Watsonville, Calif
Woodland, Calif
Yuba City, Calif
Alamosa, Colo
Brighton, Colo
Canon City, Colo
Delta, Colo
Durango, Colo
Englewood, Colo
Fort Morgan, Colo
La Junta, Colo
Lamar, Colo
Leadville, Colo
Longmont, Colo
Loveland, Colo
Monte Vista, Colo
Montrose, Colo
Rocky Ford, Colo
Salida, Colo
Sterling, Colo
Walsenburg, Colo
Danielson, Conn
Qroton Borough, Conn
Putnam, Conn
Rock ville. Conn
Southington, Conn
Stafford Springs, Conn
Winsted, Conn
Dover, Del
Milford, Del
Newark, Del
New Castle, Del
Arcadia, Fla
Avon Park, Fla
Bartow, Fla
Bradenton, Fla
Clearwater, Fla
Coral Gables, Fla
De Funiak Springs, Fla
Eustis, Fla
Fort Lauderdale, Fla
Fort Pierce, Fla
Hialeah, Fla
Hollywood, Fla
Kissimmee, Fla
Lake City, Fla
Lake Wales, Fla
Lake Worth, Fla
Lecsburg, Fla
Marianna, Fla
Melbourne, Fla
Miami Beach, Fla
New Smyrna, Fla
Ocala, Fla
Palatka, Fla
Palmetto, Fla
99
Table 54.
-Number of police-department employees, 1939; cities with population
from 2,500 to M.OOO— Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS
City
Number of
employees
City
Number of
employees
Panama Citv, Fla.
9
8
5
2
5
3
11
2
4
3
7
5
9
6
5
4
6
6
9
6
7
3
10
4
12
6
U
2
7
4
4
4
2
5
4
4
4
4
6
2
15
9
2
4
lO
3
3
3
3
12
3
3
2
2
7
3
4
7
7
7
3
3
2
3
3
5
3
2
4
5
3
5
10
4
8
11
8
6
8
Duquoin, 111.
6
3
4
Perrv, Fla . _
Dwiffht, 111
rhint City, Fla
East Alton, 111.
Poriipano, Fla
East Peoria, 111
10
6
5
Quincv, Fla
Edwardsville, 111
RiviT Junction, Fla
Eiringham, 111
Sarsvsota, Fla
Flora, 111
6
3
Sobrintr. Fla
Oalva, 111
Tarpon Springs, Fla .
Geneva, 111
7
^\'a^K•llula, Fla
Gillespie, 111...
4
Winter Ilavon, Fla
Glencoe, 111
11
Winter Park, Fla
Glen EUvn, 111
11
AnKTiPus, Oa
Greenville, 111 ....
7
Bainbridee, Ga
Harvard, 111
2
Barnesville, Oa ..
Havana, 111 .
6
5
3
Cairo, Ga -
Herrin, 111
Carrollton, Qa
Highland, 111
Cartorsville, Qa
Highwood, 111 .
7
Cofiartown, Oa .
Hillsboro, III .
4
Commorce, Ga
Hinsdale, 111.
12
Cordolo, Oa
Homewood, 111 .
4
3
4
Ciithbert, Oa
Hoopeston, 111 .....
Dalton, Ga.-
Johnston Citv, 111
Dawson, Oa
Kenilworth, 111 . .
9
4
17
3
5
3
3
4
East Point, Oa -..
La Orange Park, 111. .
Elberton, Oa
Lake Forest, 111
IVI;iri(>tta, Oa _.
Lansing, 111 .....
Afilli'n, Oa
Lawrenc^ville, 111 .
Xcwnnn, Oa
Lemont, 111 ..
Pclluitn, Ga . - .
Libertyville, 111
Portcrdale, Ga .
Litchfield, 111
Quitman, Ga
Lockport, 111
3
6
10
7
10
4
6
6
10
5
Rossville, Ga
Lombard, 111. .
P tatcsboro, Ga
Lyons, 111
Vidalia, Ga
Macomb, 111
Blackfoot, Idaho
Madison, 111.' . .
Burloy, Idaho
Marseilles, 111
Caldwell, Idaho .
Mendota, III
Coeur d'Aleuo, Idaho
Metropolis, III .
Emmott, Idaho
Monmouth, 111
Idaho Falls, Idaho
Morris, 111 . .
Lrf'wiston. Idaho.
Morrison, 111 .
2
Malad, Idaho
Mount Carmel, 111. ..
4
3
Moscow, Idaho
Mount Olive, III
Xanipa, Idaho.
Murphvsboro, III ...
4
Pavctte, Idaho
Naperville, 111
7
18
7
Preston, Idaho
Niles Center, III
St. Anthony, Idaho
Normal, 111 ..
Sandpoiut, Idaho.
North Chicago, III
6
5
4
4
Twin Falls, Idaho
Oglesbv, III---
Wallace, Idaho
Olnev, III
Weiser. Idaho
~ Pana, 111 ...
.Vbinsdon, 111
Paris, 111 . .
8
5
Anna, 111
Peoria Heights, III
.VrliiiKton Heights, 111
Peru, 111 .
6
2
3
5
5
Barrinnton. Ill
Phoenix, 111
IJitavia. Ill
Pincknevville, 111
Hi-irdstown, III
Princeton, 111 . .
Bellwood, 111
Pontiac, 111 - -
Belvidere, 111
Riverdale, 111
3
17
6
11
Benld, 111
River Forest, 111 . .
Benton, 111
River Grove, III. .
Bradley, 111..
Riverside, III
Bushnell, III
Robinson, III
7
5
Carlinville, 111
Rochello, III
Carbondale, 111
Roodhouse. Ill
3
Carmi, 111
St Charles, 111 . .
4
Cnrterville, 111.
Salem 111
7
Charleston, 111
1
Chester. Ill
Sjiv.inna III
5
3
4
Ciiristoplier, III
Shelbvville, 111
Clinton, 111
Silvis, 111
Collinsville, 111
Sparta III
3
Crystal Lake. Ill
Spring Valley, 111 .. .
4
De Kalb, 111
3
4
Dcs Plaines, 111
Steeer 111
Dixon, 111
Summit 111
g
Dolton, 111
Tavlorville, III
5
Downers Grove, 111..
Tuscola, 111-.
3
100
Table 54. — Number of police-department employees, 1939; cities with population
from 2,600 to ^5,000— Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS
City
Vandalia, 111
Venice, 111
Villa Park, 111
Virden, 111
Watseka, 111
West Chicago, 111
Western Springs, HI
Westmont, 111
Westville, 111
Wheaton, 111
White Hall, 111
Wood River, 111 ..
Woodstock, 111
Zeigler, 111
Zion, 111 _-
Alexandria, Ind
Angola, Ind _.
Attica, Ind
Auburn, Ind.^ ..
Aurora, Ind
Beech Grove, Ind
Bicknell, Ind
Bluffton, Ind
Boonville, Ind
Brazil, Ind ..
Clinton, Ind ..
Columbia City, Ind-..__
Columbus, Ind ..
Crown Point, Ind
Decatur, Ind _.
Dunkirk, Ind
Franklin, Ind
Garrett, Ind _.
Gas City, Ind ..
Greencastle, Ind _ .
Greenfield, Ind _.
Greensburg, Ind ..
Hartford City, Ind ..
Hobart, Ind
Huntingburg, Ind ..
Jasonville, Ind . .
Jasper, Ind _.
Kendallville, Ind _.
Lawrenceburg, Ind — ..
Lebanon, Ind _.
Linton, Ind ..
Madison, Ind _.
Martinsville, Ind _.
Mitchell, Ind ..
Mount Vernon, Ind.....
Nappanee, Ind
Noblesville, Ind
North Vernon, Ind
Oakland City, Ind
Petersburg, Ind
Plymouth, Ind
Portland, Ind
Princeton, Ind
Rensselaer, Ind
Rochester, Ind
Rushville, Ind
Salem, Ind
Seymour, Ind
Sullivan, Ind
Tipton, Ind
Valparaiso, Ind
Wabash, Ind
Warsaw, Ind
Washington, Ind
West Lafayette, Ind —
West Terre Haute, Ind.
Winchester, Ind
Albia, Iowa.
Algona, Iowa
Anamosa, Iowa
Atlantic, Iowa
Belle Plains, Iowa
Bettendorf, Iowa
Carroll, Iowa
Number of
employees
6
2
4
2
5
8
4
10
3
fi
3
2
4
6
2
4
3
4
6
4
6
2
7
6
5
10
2
4
2
4
3
2
4
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
4
4
4
4
6
3
4
3
3
5
4
1
2
6
4
5
3
4
5
4
6
3
4
11
8
10
6
4
3
4
2
3
2
3
2
2
4
Cedar Falls, Iowa
Centerville, Iowa
Chariton, Iowa
Charles City, Iowa
Cherokee, Iowa
Clarinda, Iowa
Clarion, Iowa
Clear Lake, Iowa
Cresco, Iowa
Creston, Iowa
Decorah, Iowa
Denison, Iowa
Eagle Grove, Iowa
Eldora, Iowa
Emmetsburg, Iowa
Estherville, Iowa
Fairfield, Iowa
Glenwood, Iowa
Grinnell, Iowa
Hampton, Iowa
Iowa Falls, Iowa
Jefferson, Iowa
Knoxville, Iowa
Le Mars, Iowa
Maquoketa, Iowa
Marion, Iowa
Missouri Valley, Iowa .
Mount Pleasant, Iowa.
Nevada, Iowa
Oelwein, Iowa
Onawa, Iowa
Osage, Iowa
Osceola, Iowa
Pella, Iowa
Perry, Iowa
Red Oak, Iowa
Sac City, Iowa
Sheldon, Iowa
Shenandoah, Iowa
Spencer, Iowa
Storm Lake, Iowa
Tama, Iowa
Vinton, Iowa
Washington, Iowa
Waukon, Iowa
Waverly, Iowa
Webster City, Iowa
Winterset, Iowa
Abilene, Kans
Anthony, Kans
Augusta, Kans
Baxter Springs, Kans..
Caney, Kans
Cherry vale, Kans
Clay Center, Kans
Concordia, Kans
Council Grove, Kans...
Eureka, Kans
Fredonia, Kans
Galena, Kans
Garden City, Kans
Garnett, Kans
Goodland, Kans
Great Bend, Kans
Hays, Kans
Herington, Kans
Hiawatha, Kans
Hoisington, Kans
Holton, Kans
Horton, Kans
Humboldt, Kans
lola, Kans
Junction City, Kans...
Kingman, Kans
Larned, Kans
Liberal, Kans
Lyons, Kans
Marysville, Kans
McPherson, Kans
101
Table 54. — Number of police-departmenl employees, 1939; cities xoith population
from 2,500 to ^5, 000— Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10.000 INHABITANTS
City
Neodesha, Kans
Norton, Kans
Olathe, Kans
Osawatoniio, Kans
Ottawa, Kans
Paola, Kans
Pratt, Kans
Wellington, Kans
Winfield, Kans
CatlettsburK, Ky
Corbin, Ky
Cumberland, Ky
Cynthiana. Ky.
Danville. Ky.
Dayton, Ky
Elsinere, Ky
Fulton, Ky.
Georgetown, Ky
Glasgow, Ky
Harlan, Ky.
Harrodsburg, Ky
Irvine, Ky
Jenkins, Ky
Lebanon, Ky
Ludlow, Ky.
Mount Sterling, Ky..
Murray, Ky..
NIcholasville, Ky
Pikoville, Ky
Pineville, Ky
Providence, Ky
Ricliniond, Ky
Russellville, Ky
Winchester, Ky
Amite, La.
Bastrop, La.
Bossier City, La
De Quincy, La
Donaldson ville, La...
Eunice, La
Franklin, La
Hammond, La
Haynesville, La
Houma, La
JenninRS, La
Lake Providence, La.
Leesville, La
Mansfield, La
Minden, La
Natchitoches, La
New Iberia, La
Oakdale, La
Opelousas, La
Pineville, La.
Plaquemine, La
Rayne, La
Ruston, La
Slldell, La
Tallulah, La
Thibodaux, La
West Monroe, La
Westwego, La
Bath, Maine..
Belfast, Maine
Brunswick, Maine...
Calais, Maine
Fort Fairfield, Maine
Oariliner, Maine
Hallowell, Maine
Madison, Maine
Old Town, Maine
Prpsr4ue Isle, Maine..
Rockland, Maine
Saco, Maine
Cambridge, Md
Easton, Md.
Frostburg, Md
Laurel, Md
Number of
employees
3
2
3
4
7
3
4
4
8
4
6
4
5
6
5
6
4
6
8
5
5
3
10
4
5
5
4
4
••i
3
3
7
4
8
2
7
6
6
4
3
2
6
2
6
2
2
4
2
4
8
12
2
7
2
5
3
5
3
4
5
6
1
9
4
3
7
2
6
3
1
17
3
8
12
8
5
5
2
Mount Rainier, Md
Pocomoke City, Md
Takoma Park. Md
Westernport, Md.
Westminster, Md
Amherst, Mass
Andover, Mass.
Auburn, Mass
Ayer, Mass. .
Barnstable, Mass
Bridgewater, Mass
Canton, Mass..
Concord, Mass...
Dalton, Mass.
Dartmouth, Mass
Dracut, Mass..
Franklin, Mass
Great Harrington, Mass —
Hingham, Mass..
Hudson, Mass.
Ipswich, Mass
Lexington, Mass
Longmeadow, Mass
Ludlow, Mass
Marblehead, Mass
Maynard, Mass
Middleborough, Mass
Millbury, Mass
Montague, Mass...
Nantucket, Mass
North Andover, Mass
Northhridge, Mass
Orange, Mass
Palmer, Mass
Provincetown, Mass
Randolph, Mass.
Reading, Mass
Rockland, Mass
Rockport, Mass
Somerset, Mass..
South Hadley, Mass
Spencer. Mass
Stoughton, Mass
Uxbridge, Mass
Walpole, Mass
Ware, Mass
Winchendon, Mass
Albion, Mich..
Allegan, Mich
Alma, Mich
Belding, Mich
Berkley, Mich
Bessemer, Mich
Big Rapids, Mich
Birmingham, Mich
Boyne City, Mich
Buchanan, Mich
Cadillac, Mich
Caro, Mich
Centerline, Mich
Charlotte, Mich
Cheboygan, Mich
Clawson, Mich
Coldwater, Mich...
Crystal Falls, Mich
Dowagiac, Mich..
Durand, Mich..
East Detroit, Mich
East Grand Rapids, Mich..
East Lansing, Mich
Eaton Rapids, Mich
Gladstone, Mich
Grand Haven, Mich
Granil T.,odge, Mich
Greenville, Mich
Gro.sse Pointe, Mich
Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich
Hancock, Mich
Hastings, Mich
Number of
employees
6
5
8
1
3
4
12
10
3
16
9
8
10
2
8
2
6
7
12
9
9
17
8
9
24
8
6
6
4
7
10
14
4
12
6
4
18
5
7
3
4
13
6
6
10
4
9
6
4
5
1
6
4
6
18
2
3
6
6
5
2
3
3
7
3
5
1
7
5
5
8
4
5
5
5
16
21
7
3
102
Table 54. — Number of police-department employees, 1939; cities with population
from 2,600 to 25 ,000— Contivmed
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS
City
Hillsdale, Mich__
Howell, Mich
Inkster, Mich
Ionia, Mich
Iron River, Mich
Ishpeming, Mich
Kingsford, Mich
Lapeer, Mich
Laurium, Mich
Ludington, Mich
Manistee, Mich
Manistique, Mich
Marine City, Mich
Marshall, Mich.
Mason, Mich
Melvindale, Mich
Midland, Mich
Mount Pleasant, Mich
Munising, Mich
Negaunee, Mieh
North ville, Mich
Norway, Mich
Otsego, Mich
Petosky, Mich
Pleasant Ridge, Mich
Plymouth, Mich
Rochester, Mich
Rogers City, Mich
Roseville, Mich
St. Clair, Mich
St. Clair Shores, Mich
St. Joseph, Mich
South Haven, Mich
Sturgis, Mich
Three Rivers, Mich
Trenton, Mich
Wakefield, Mich
Wayne, Mich
Zeeland, Mich
Alexandria, Minn
Anoka, Minn
Bayport, Minn
Bemidji, Minn
Blue Earth, Minn
Chishohn, Minn
Cloquet, Minn
Columbia Heights, Minn_
Crookston, Minn
Crosby, Minn
Detroit Lakes, Minn
East Grand Forks, Minn_.
Edina, Minn
Ely, Minn
Eveleth, Minn
Fairmont, Minn
Fergus Falls, Minn
Gilbert, Minn
Grand Rapids, Minn
Hastings, Minn
Hopkins, Minn
Hutchinson, Minn__
International Falls, Minn.
Lake City, Minn
Litchfield, Minn
Little Falls, Minn
Luverne, Minn
Marshall, Minn
Montevideo, Minn
Moorhead, Minn
Nashwauk, Minn
New Ulm, Minn
Northfleld, Minn
North Mankato, Minn
North St. Paul, Minn
Owatonna, Minn
Pipestone, Minn
Proctorknott, Minn._
Red Wing, Minn ...
Redwood Falls, Minn
Number of
employees
2
3
5
1
4
9
4
2
3
5
7
4
3
4
2
6
6
3
11
5
3
3
5
6
7
4
1
8
3
n
8
4
7
7
9
6
5
2
4
3
2
6
3
15
8
7
7
3
4
7
4
13
16
5
5
5
4
4
2
3
5
3
3
5
3
4
4
8
4
6
3
2
1
8
3
1
9
3
Robbinsdale, Minn
St. James, Minn
St. Louis Park, Minn...
St. Peter, Minn
Sauk Center, Minn
Sauk Rapids, Minn
Sleepy Eye, Minn
Staples, Minn
Stillwater, Minn
Thief River Falls, Minn
Tracy, Minn
Two Harbors, Minn
Wadena, Minn
Waseca, Minn
West St. Paul, Minn^...
White Bear Lake, Minn
Willmar, Minn
Worthington, Minn
Canton, Miss..
Columbia, Miss
Indianola, Miss
Lexington, Miss
Louisville, Miss
New Albany, Miss
Oxford, Miss
Philadelphia, Miss
Picayune, Miss
Starkville, Miss
Water Valley, Miss
West Point, Miss
Winona, Miss
Yazoo City, Miss
Aurora, Mo
Bonne Terro, Mo
Boonville, Mo
Brentwood, Mo
Cameron, Mo...
Carrollton, Mo
Carthage, Mo
Chillicothe, Mo
Clayton, Mo
Clinton, Mo
DeSoto, Mo
Excelsior Springs, Mo-..
Farmington, Mo
Fulton, Mo
Higginsville, Mo
Kirksville, Mo
Kirkwood, Mo
Marceline, Mo
Marshall, Mo
Maryville, Mo
Mexico, Mo
Monett, Mo
Nevada, Mo
Richmond Heights, Mo.
Ste. Genevieve, Mo
Sikeston, Mo
Slater, Mo
Trenton, Mo
Washington, Mo
West Plains, Mo
Bozeman, Mont
Deer Lodge, Mont
Glendive, Mont
Havre, Mont
Kalispell, Mont
Laurel, Mont
Lewistown, Mont
Livingston, Mont
Miles City, Mont
Roundup, Mont
Whiteflsh, Mont
Alliance, Nebr
Auburn, Nebr
Aurora, Nebr
Blair, Nebr
Chadron, Nebr
Columbus, Nebr
103
Table 54. — Number of police-department employees, 1939; cities with population
from 2,500 to ^.5,000— Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10.000 INHABITANTS
Crete, Nebr
Fairbury, Nebr
Falls City, Kebr
Oering, Nobr
Holdrege, Nebr
Kearney, Nebr
Lexington, Nebr
McCook, Nebr
Nebraska City, Nebr
Scottsbluff, Nebr
Schuyler, Nebr
Seward, Nebr
Sidney, Nebr
South Sioux City, Nebr..
Wahoo, Nebr
Wymore, Nebr
York, Nebr...
Boulder City, Nev
Elko, Nev
Ely, Nev
Las Vegas, Nev
Sparks, Nev
Derry Town. N. H
Exeter, N. H
Franklin, N. H
Littleton, N. H
Milford, N. H__
Newport, N. H
Soniersworth, N. H
Audubon, N.J
BerfienHeld, N.J
Bernardsville, N. J
Beverly, N.J
Bogota, N. J
Boonton, N. J
Bound Brook, N. J
Bradlev Beach, N.J
Butler, N.J
Caldwell, N.J
Cape May, N.J
Carlstadt. N.J
Chatham, N.J
Clomenton, N. J...
Closter, N. J..._
Dunellen, N. J.
East Newark, N. J
East Patcrson, N. J
Edgewater, N. J
Egg Harbor, N. J
Fairlawn, N. J
Fairview, N.J
Fleniington, N. J
Fort Lee, N.J
Freehold, N.J
Garwood, N.J
Olassboro, N. J
Olen Ridge, N. J
Olen Rock, N.J
Quttcnberg, N. J
Hackettstown, N. J
Haddonfield, N.J
Haddon Heights, N. J...
Haledon, N. J
Hanimonton, N. J
Hasbrouck Heights, N. J
Highland Park, N.J
Hightstown. N. J..
Hillsdale, N.J
Keyport, N.J
Lainbertville, N. J
Lconia, N.J
Little Ferry, N.J
Madi.sou, N.J
Manvillc, N.J
Margate City, N. J
Maywood, N. J..
Merchantville, N.J
Metuchen, N. J
Middlesex, N. J
3
5
6
3
3
7
3
4
4
8
4
3
3
3
2
2
5
S
4
5
11
5
4
9
5
8
2
8
6
14
12
5
6
11
8
9
11
4
11
8
10
7
2
5
5
5
6
25
5
9
13
2
23
4
9
4
21
9
11
3
22
10
0
.5
11
11
4
7
4
3
13
8
10
4
11
10
9
Midland Park, N.J...
New Milford, N. J
Newton, N.J
Northfleld, N.J
North Plainfleld, N. J.
Ocean City, N. J
Paramus, N. J.
Paulsboro, N. J
Penns Grove, N. J
Pitman, N. J.
Pompton Lakes, N. J..
Princeton, N.J
Prospect Park, N. J
Ramsey, N. J
Raritan, N. J
Ridgefield, N.J
Rockaway, N. J
Roselle Park, N.J
Salem, N. J ,
Sayreville, N.J
Secaucus, N. J
Somerville, N. J.._
South Plainfleld, N. J..
Tenafly, N.J
Ventnor City, N.J
Verona, N. J
Vineland, N. J
Wallington, N. J
Washington, N. J.
West Caldwell, N.J...
Westwood, N. J
Wharton, N.J
Wildwood, N.J
Woodbury, N. J
Woodlynne, N. J
Wood Ridge,. N.J
Alamogordo, N. Max...
Carlsbad, N. Mex
Clayton, N. Mex
Clovis, N. Mex
Deming, N. Mex
Gallup, N. Mex
Las Cruees, N. Mex
Portales, N. Mex
Raton, N. Mex
Silver City, N. Mex....
Albion, N. Y.
Amityville, N. Y
Babylon, N. Y
Baldwinsville, N. Y...
Ballston Spa, N. Y
Bath, N. Y...
Brockport, N. Y
Bronxville, N. Y
Canajoharie, N. Y
Canadaigua, N. Y
Canastota, N. Y
Canisteo, N. Y
Canton, N. Y
Carthage, N. Y
Catskill. N. Y
Cobleskill, N. Y
Cooperstown, N. Y
Corinth, N. Y
Dansville, N. Y...
Depew, N. Y
Dobbs Ferry, N. Y
Dolgevillc, N. Y
East Aurora, N. Y
East Rochester, N. Y..
East Svracuso, N. Y...
Ellenville. N. Y
Ehnira Heights, N. Y..
Elnisford, N. Y
Kairport, N. Y
Falconer, N. Y
Farmingdale, N. Y
Fort Edward. N. Y
Fort Plain, N. Y
4
6
10
3
10
32
4
8
6
6
4
15
13
6
3
12
1
10
8
10
15
12
7
17
22
16
13
12
4
5
14
1
20
13
3
10
2
5
3
12
3
6
4
3
5
3
6
11
12
3
9
9
3
19
2
10
7
3
4
6
6
3
2
1
5
6
11
4
6
4
fi
7
5
G
4
3
8
4
3
104
Table 54. — Number of police-department employees, 19S9; cities with population
from 2,600 to ^o, 000— Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS
Frankfort, N. Y
Fredonia, N. Y
Garden City, N. Y
Goshen, N. Y.
Gouverneur, N. Y
Gowanda, N. Y
Granville, N. Y
Green Island, N. Y
Greenport, N. Y
Hamburg. N. Y.._
Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y
Haverstraw, N. Y
Highland Falls, N. Y
Homer, N. Y
Hoosick Falls, N. Y
Hudson Falls, N. Y
Ilion, N. Y
Irvineton, N. Y
Lake Placid, N. Y
Lancaster, N. Y
Larchmont, N. Y
LeRoy, N. Y
Liberty, N. Y
Lindenhurst, N. Y
Long Beach, N. Y
Lowville, N. Y
Lyons, N. Y
Malone, N. Y
Mechanicville, N. Y
Medina, N. Y
Mohawk, N. Y
Monticello, N. Y__.
Mount Kisco, N. Y
Mount Morris, N. Y
Newark, N. Y
New York Mills, N. Y....
North Pelham, N. Y
Northport, N. Y
North Tarrytown, N. Y..
Norwich, N. Y
Nyack, N. Y
Owego, N. Y
Palmyra, N. Y
Patchogue, N. Y
Pelham Manor, N. Y
Penn Yan, N. Y
Perry, N. Y
Pleasantville, N. Y
Potsdam, N. Y
Rye, N. Y
Sag Harbor, N. Y
Salamanca, N. Y
Saranac Lake, N. Y
Saugerties, N. Y
Scarsdale, N. Y
Scotia, N. Y
Senaea Falls, N. Y
Silver Creek, N. Y
Sloan, N. Y
Solvay, N. Y
Southampton, N. Y
Spring Valley, N. Y
Springville, N. Y
Suffern, N. Y
Tarrytown, N. Y.__
Ticonderoga, N. Y
Tuckahoe, N. Y
Tupper I^ake, N. Y
Walden, N. Y
Walton, N.Y
Wappingers Falls, N. Y...
Warsaw, N. Y
Watcrford, N.Y
Waterloo, N.Y.
WatkinsGlen, N.Y
Waverly, N. Y
Wellsville, N.Y
Westfield, N. Y
West Haverstraw, N. Y...
4
5
29
5
4
5
4
5
6
5
14
9
2
1
3
5
11
9
6
5
18
5
7
8
49
3
11
9
7
7
3
10
11
12
1,5
1
13
4
16
8
12
3
6
17
23
5
3
13
6
34
3
14
7
6
26
8
6
5
4
14
7
6
4
11
17
9
15
4
5
2
3
3
5
3
1
4
5
4
Whitehall, N. Y
Whitesboro, N. Y
Yorkville, N. Y
Albemarle, N. C
Asheboro, N. C
Belmont, N. C
Canton, N. C
Chapel Hill, N. C
Cherryville, N. C
Dunn, N. C
Edenton, N. C
Forest City, N. C
Greenville, N. C
Hamlet, N. C
Hendersonville, N. C
Hickory, N. C
Lenoir, N. C
Lexington, N. C
Lincolnton, N. C
Lumberton, N. C
Morganton, N. C
Mount Airy, N. C
North Wilkesboro, N. C.
O.xford, N. C
Reidsville, N. C
Roanoke Rapids, N. C
Sanford, N. C
Smithfield, N. C
Southern Pines, N. C
Spencer, N. C
Spindale, N. C
Tarboro, N. C
Washington, N. C
Devils Lake, N. Dak
Dickinson, N. Dak
Jamestown, N. Dak
Mandan, N. Dak
Valley City, N. Dak
Wahpeton, N. Dak
Williston, N. Dak
Amherst, Ohio
Athens, Ohio
Barnesville, Ohio
Bedford, Ohio
Bellefontaine, Ohio
Bellevue, Ohio
Berea, Ohio
Bexley, Ohio
Bridgeport, Ohio
Bryan, Ohio
Carey, Ohio
Celina, Ohio
Chagrin Falls, Ohio
Chevoit, Ohio
Circleville, Ohio
Clyde, Ohio
Conneaut, Ohio
Crestline, Ohio
Crooksville, Ohio
Defiance, Ohio
Delaware, Ohio
Delphos, Ohio
Dennison, Ohio
Dover, Ohio
East Palestine, Ohio
Eaton, Ohio
Elmwood Place, Ohio
Fairport Harbor, Ohio
Fairview, Ohio
Franklin, Ohio
Gallon, Ohio
Gallipolis, Ohio
Geneva, Ohio
Qirard, Ohio
Glouster, Ohio.-. —
Grandview Heights, Ohio
Greenville, Ohio. ._
Hillsboro, Ohio
Hubbard, Ohio
105
Table 54. — Number of police-department employees, 1939; cities with population
from 2,500 to ^5,000— Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS
City
Jackson, Ohio
Kent. Ohio - -
Kenton. Ohio
Lebanon, Ohio
Lisbon. Ohio
Logan. Ohio --
Ijondon, Ohio -
Louisville. Ohio
Lowell viUe, Ohio
Maple Heights, Ohio,
Marysville Heights, Ohio
Maumee, Ohio -
Mayfield Heights, Ohio
Medina, Ohio
Miainisburg. Ohio --
Middleport, Ohio
Minerva, Ohio
Mingo Junction, Ohio
Montpelier. Ohio
Mount Healthy, Ohio
Mount Vernon, Ohio...
New Boston, Ohio -.
New Lexington, Ohio --■
Newton Falls, Ohio
North Canton, Ohio
North College Hill, Ohio
North Olmsted, Ohio.. ---.
Norwalk, Ohio
Oakwood, Ohio
Oberlin, Ohio
Orrville. Ohio--.
Oxford, Ohio
Perrysburg, Ohio -.
Pomeroy, Ohio
Port Clinton, Ohio
Ravenna, Ohio---
Reading, Ohio
Rittman, Ohio
Rocky River, Ohio
St. Bernard, Ohio
St. Marys, Ohio
Sebring, Ohio
Shadyside, Ohio
Shelby. Ohio
Sidney, Ohio
South" Euclid, Ohio
Tipp City, Ohio
Toronto, Ohio
Troy, Ohio.--
Uhrichsville, Ohio
Upper Arlington, Ohio
Urbana, Ohio -.
Van Wert. Ohio
Wadsworth. Ohio
Wai)akoneta, Ohio
Washington Court House, Ohio
Wauseon, Ohio -- -
Wellston, Ohio
Westerville, Ohio -
Willoughby, Ohio
Wilmington, Ohio
Wyoming, Ohio
Altus, Okla.-
Alva, Okla ,
Anadarko, Okla
Blaekwell, Okla
Bristow. Okla ,
Chandler. Okla. ,
Claremore. Okla
Cleveland. Okla
Clinton, Okla ,
Conlell, Okla. .-
Cushing. Okla ,
Drurnright, Okla
Duncan. Okla
Durant. Okla
Edmond. Okla
Elk City, Okla
Number of
employees
6
3
2
3
3
3
3
6
3
6
4
5
5
2
3
6
3
3
7
11
3
2
3
4
3
5
19
3
2
3
3
6
3
4
10
1
7
13
4
1
3
7
6
6
6
7
7
5
4
6
5
5
4
6
1
4
2
6
5
12
6
3
4
II
5
2
6
2
6
3
7
2
9
4
4
3
El Reno, Okla
Frederick, Okla
Guthrie, Okla
Henryetta, Okla
Hobart, Okla.
Holdenville, Okla..
Hollis, Okla
Hominy, Okla
Hugo, Okla
Kingfisher, Okla
Marlow, Okla
Maud, Okla
Miami, Okla
Norman, Okla
Nowata, Okla
Pawhuska, Okla.--
Pawnee, Okla
Perry, Okla
Poteau, Okla
Purcell, Okla
Sandsprings, Okla--
Sayre, Okla
Stillwater, Okla
Sulphur, Okla
Tonkawa, Okla
Wagoner, Okla
Wilson, Okla
Woodward, Okla..-
Albany, Oreg
Ashland, Oreg
Baker, Oreg
Bend, Oreg
Burns, Oreg
Corvallis, Oreg
Dallas, Oreg
Grants Pass, Oreg—
Hillsboro, Oreg'.
Hood River, Oreg--
La Grande, Oreg —
Marshfleld, Oreg...
McMinnville, Oreg.
Oregon City, Oreg-
Pendleton, Oreg
Roseburg, Oreg
St. Helens, Oreg
The Dalles, Oreg--
Ambler, Pa
Apollo, Pa
Arciihald, Pa
Ashley, Pa
Aspinwall, Pa
Avalon, Pa
Avoca, Pa
Bangor, Pa
Barnesboro, Pa
Beaver, Pa..-
Bedford, Pa
Bellefonte, Pa
Bellwood, Pa
Bentleyville, Pa
Birdsboro, Pa
Blairsville, Pa
Blakely, Pa
Boyertown, Pa
Bloomsburg, Pa
Brackenridge, Pa--
Brentwood, Pa
Bridgeport, Pa
Brockway, Pa
Brook villc. Pa
Brownsville, Pa
Burnham, Pa
Camp Hill. Pa
Castle Shannon, Pa
Catas(4Ufiua, Pa
Clarks Summit, Pa
Clearfield, Pa
Clifton Heights, Pa.
Number of
employees
9
5
9
6
6
5
3
3
8
5
3
1
8
11
3
7
4
4
2
4
2
2
9
4
6
2
2
3
6
6
7
6
3
5
4
5
3
5
8
7
3
7
5
3
2
8
4
4
6
4
5
12
3
3
4
10
2
3
2
1
3
4
4
7
16
3
9
4
2
3
8
I
2
1
6
1
2
6
106
Table 54 — Number of police-department employees, 1939; cities with population
from 2,500 to :g5,000— Continued
CITIKS WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS
Clymer, Pa
Coaldale, Pa
Collingdale, Pa
Coplay, Pa
Corry, Pa
Crafton, Pa
Curwensville, Pa
Dale, Pa
Dallastown, Pa
Danville, Pa
Darby, Pa.-i
Derry, Pa
Downingtown, Pa
Doylestown, Pa
Dupont, Pa.- .--
Duryea, Pa
East Conemaugh, Pa-
East Lansdowne, Pa--
East McKcesport, Pa.
East Pittsburgh, Pa---
East Stroudsburg, Pa.
Ebensburg, Pa
Edgewond, Pa
Edwardsville, Pa
Elizabeth, Pa
Elizabethtown, Pa
Emmaus, Pa
Emporium, Pa
Ephrata, Pa
Etna, Pa
Exeter, Pa
Ferndale, Pa.
Ford City, Pa
Forest City, Pa
Forest Hills, Pa
Forty Fort, Pa
Fountain Hill, Pa
Freedom, Pa
Freeland, Pa ,-.
Freeport, Pa.
Gallitzin, Pa:
Gettysburg, Pa
Girardville, Pa
Glassport, Pa
Glenolden, Pa
Oreencastle. Pa
Greenville, Pa
Grove City, Pa
Hamburg, Pa
Hatboro, Pa
Hellertown, Pa
Hollidaysburg, Pa
Honesdale, Pa
Huntingdon, Pa
Indiana, Pa
Ingram, Pa
Irwin, Pa----
Jenkintown, Pa
Jermyn, Pa
Jersey Shore, Pa
Kane, Pa J
Kennett Square, Pa-.
Kittanning, Pa
Kutztown, Pa
Lansdale, Pa
Lansdowne, Pa
Lansford, Pa
Larksville, Pa _--
Leechburg, Pa
Leetsdale, Pa
Lehighton, Pa
Lemoyne, Pa
Lewisburg, Pa
Lititz, Pa
Lock Haven, Pa
Luzerne, Pa
Lykens, Pa
McAdoo, Pa
2
3
7
6
7
9
2
2
1
3
U
3
3
5
4
3
5
3
2
12
5
2
10
15
2
1
3
1
4
7
5
3
3
13
6
5
4
1
3
1
2
3
2
5
5
2
5
3
3
3
3
3
5
3
8
8
3
11
2
5
5
2
5
4
5
11
2
9
1
2
3
2
2
3
9
4
1
3
McDonald, Pa
Marcus Hook, Pa
Masontown, Pa
Mauch Chunk, Pa
Mayfield, Pa
Mechanicsburg, Pa
Media, Pa
Meyersdale, Pa
Middlctown, Pa
Midland, Pa
Millvale, Pa
Milton, Pa
Minersville, Pa
Monaca, Pa
Monongahela City, Pa
Montoursville, Pa
Moosie, Pa
Morrisville, Pa
Mount Joy, Pa
Mount Penn, Pa
Mount Pleasant, Pa
Mount Union, Pa
Myerstown, Pa
Nanty Glo, Pa
Nazareth, Pa
New Cumberland, Pa
New Philadelphia, Pa
Northampton, Pa
North Bellevernon, Pa
North Charleroi, Pa
North East, Pa
Northumberland, Pa
Norwood, Pa
Oakmont, Pa
Palmerton, Pa
Palmyra, Pa
Patton, Pa
Pen Argyl, Pa
Penbrook, Pa
Philipsburg, Pa
Portage, Pa
Port Carbon, Pa
Port Vue, Pa
Prospect Park, Pa
Punxsutawney, Pa
Quakertown, Pa
Rankin, Pa
Renovo, Pa
Reynoldsville, Pa
Ridgway, Pa
Roaring Springs, Pa
Rochester, Pa
Roycrsford, Pa
St. Clair, Pa
St. Marys, Pa I
Sayre, Pa
Schuylkill Haven, Pa
Scottdale, Pa
Selingsgrove, Pa
Sewickley, Pa
Sharpsburg, Pa
Sharpsville, Pa
Shillington, Pa
Shippensburg, Pa
Slatington, Pa
Somerset, Pa
South Connellsville, Pa
South Fork, Pa
South Greensburg, Pa
Southwest Greensburg, Pa.
Spangler, Pa
Spring City, Pa
Springdale, Pa
State College, Pa
Stroudsburg, Pa
Summit Hill, Pa
Susquehanna Depot, Pa
Swarthmore, Pa
2
6
2
2
4
5
6
2
4
8
6
3
3
3
4
1
3
3
1
4
3
2
2
2
4
1
4
3
2
1
3
2
4
6
6
2
1
3
4
2
2
4
1
4
7
4
12
3
2
2
1
8
3
4
4
4
4
4
1
9
9
5
3
3
6
3
3
1
2
2
2
1
4
4
2
5
2
8
107
Table 54. — Number of police-department employees, 1939; cities with population
from 2,500 to ^5,000— Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS
Swoyerville, Pa...
Tarentum, Pa.
Throop, Pa
Titusville, Pa
Towanda, Pa
TrafTnrd, Pa
Tyrone, Pa
Upland, Pa
N'crona, Pa
Wavnosburg, Pa.
Wcathcrly, Pa
Wesleyville, Pa
West Conshohocken, Pa
West Homestead, Pa
Westmont, Pa
West Newton, Pa
West Pittston, Pa
West Reading, Pa
Westview, Pa
West Wyoming, Pa
West York, Pa...
Wilmerding, Pa..
Windber, Pa
Wyomissing, Pa..
Veadon, Pa
Voiingwood, Pa
Harrington, R. I
nurrillville, R. I
East Greenwich, R. I
Johnston, R. I
Warren, R. I
Abbeville, S. O
Aiken, S. C
Batesburg, S. C
Chester. S. C
Clinton, S. C
Darlington, S. G
Dillon, S. C
Kan Claire, S. O
CrafTney, S. C
Georgetown, S. O
Hartsville, S. C
Lancaster, S. C
Laurens, S. O
Marion, S. O
Newberry, S. C
Siimmerville, S. O
Cnion, S. C
York, S. C
Brookings, S. Dak
Dcadwood, S. Dak
Hot Springs, S. Dak
Lead. .S. Dak
Madison, S. Dak
Mobridge, S. Dak
Pierre, S. Dak
Redfield, S. Dak
Vermillion, S. Dak
Yankton, S. Dak
Alcoa, Tenn
Athens, Tenn
Cleveland, Tenn
Cookeville, Tenn
Dyersburg, Tenn
Elizabothton, Tenn
Erwin, Tenn
Fayetteville, Tenn
Franklin, Tenn
Greeneville, Tenn
La Follette, Tenn.
Lenoir City, Tenn
Lowisburg, Tenn
Loudon, Tenn
McMinnville, Tenn
Murfreeshoro, Tenn
Norris, Tenn
Paris, Tenn...
Pulaski, Tena
Number of
employees
14
7
6
7
4
3
4
3
4
4
1
1
2
12
5
1
9
10
7
1
2
6
5
6
15
4
4
3
3
7
6
6
11
3
8
7
7
4
3
10
7
7
6
10
4
3
4
7
4
3
6
3
5
2
3
9
3
2
10
4
9
7
3
4
4
7
4
2
3
3
3
8
20
6
4
TuUahoma, Tenn
Union City, Tenn
Alpine, Tex
Arlington, Tex
Athens, Tex
Bonham, Tex
Borger, Tex
Bowie, Tex
Brady, Tex
Breckenridge, Tex
Bryan, Tex
Burkburnett, Tex
Canyon, Tex
Center, Tex
Cisco, Tex
Coleman, Tex
Commerce, Tex
Denton, Tex
Eastland, Tex
Electra, Tex
Fort Stockton, Tex
Gatesville, Tex
Gainesville. Tex _
Highland Park, Tex
Hillsboro, Tex
Jacksonville, Tex
Kerrville, Tex
Kingsville, Tex
Longview, Tex
Lufkin, Tex
McAllen, Tex
McCamey, Tex
McKinney, Tex
Memphis, Tex
Mexia, Tex
Midland, Tex
Mineral Wells, Tex
Mineola, Tex
New Braunfels, Tex
Olney, Tex
Orange, Tex
Paducah, Tex
Pecos, Tex
Perryton, Tex ..
Pharr, Tex
Plainview, Tex
Quanah, Tex
Ranger, Tex
Robstown, Tex
Smithville, Tex.
Stamford, Tex
Teague, Tex
University Park, Tex...
Uvalde, Tex...
Victoria, Tex
Weatherford, Tex
Weslaco, Tex
Wink, Tex
American Fork, Utah...
Bingham Canyon, Utah
Bountiful, Utah
Brigham City, Utah .
Cedar City, Utah
Eureka, Utah
Helper, Utah
Lehi, Utah
Logan, Utah
Murray, Utah
Nephi, Utah
Park City. Utah
Payson, Utah
Price, Utah
Richfield, Utah
Spanish Fork, Utah
Springville, Utah
Tooele, Utah
Bellows Falls. Vt
Bennington Village, Vt.,
Number of
employees
4
7
3
5
3
4
6
5
5
2
9
3
2
1
6
5
.3
10
4
4
2
2
10
13
5
5
7
2
8
S
8
1
14
3
4
4
6
2
5
2
4
1
2
3
2
8
1
5
2
1
4
2
19
3
7
5
3
1
2
2
2
5
3
2
3
2
9
4
3
2
4
4
2
3
3
3
6
6
108
Table 54. — Number of police-department employees, 19S9; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH LESS THAN 10,000 INHABITANTS
City
Brattleboro, Vt __
Montpelier, Vt
Newport, Vt
Proctor, Vt .
St. Albans, Vt
St. Johnsbury, Vt
Springfield, Vt
Windsor, Vt
Winooski, Vt
Abingdon, Va.
Appalachia, Va
Big Stone Gap, Va
Bluefleld, Va
Cape Charles, Va
Clifton Forge, Va
Covington. Va
Franklin, Va
Fredericksburg, Va
Galax, Va
Hampton, Va
Harrisonburg, Va
Lexington, Va
Martinsville, Va
Norton, Va
Phoebus, Va
Radford, Va
Salem, Va
South Norfolk, Va
Vinton, Va
Waynesboro, Va
Williamsburg, Va
Anacortes, Wash
Auburn, Wash
Camas, Wash
Centraiia, Wash
Chehalis, Wash
Clarkston, Wash
CleElum, Wash
Colfax, Wash
Dayton, Wash
Ellensburg, Wash
Mount Vernon, Wash
Pasco, Wash
Port Townsend, Wash
Pullman, Wash
Puyallup, Wash
Raymond, Wash
Renton, Wash
Sedro-Wooley, Wash
Shelton, Wash
Snohomish, Wash
Toppenish, Wash
Beckley, W. Va
Benwood, W. Va
Buckhannon, W. Va
Chester, W. Va
Dunbar, W. Va
Elkins, W. Va
Follansbee, W. Va
Grafton, W. Va
Hinton, W. Va
Hollidays Cove, W. Va...
Kenova, W. Va
Keyser, W. Va
Logan, W. Va
McMechen, W. Va
Mannington, W. Va
New Martinsville, W. Va.
Number of
employees
14
12
8
2
3
10
7
5
3
3
4
3
3
2
8
6
4
10
4
9
11
5
16
2
5
5
Point Pleasant, W. Va
Princeton, W. Va
Riehwood, W. Va
St. Albans, W. Va
Salem, W. Va
Sisterville, W. Va
South Charleston, W. Va.
Welch, W. Va
Wellsburg, W. Va
Weston, W. Va
Williamson, W. Va
Antigo, Wis
Beaver Dam, Wis
Berlin, Wis
Burlington, Wis
Chippewa Falls, Wis
Clintonville, Wis
Columbus, Wis
Delavan, Wis
Edgerton, Wis
Fort Atkinson, Wis
Hartford, Wis
Hudson, Wis
Jefferson, Wis
Kaukauna, Wis
Ladysmith, Wis
Lake Geneva, Wis
Little Chute, Wis
Marshfield, Wis
Mayville, Wis
Menasha, Wis
Menomonie, Wis
Merrill, Wis
Monroe, Wis
Neenah, Wis
New London, Wis
Oconomowoc, Wis
Oconto, Wis
Park Falls, Wis
Platteville, Wis
Plymouth, Wis
Portage, Wis
Port Washington, Wis
Reedsburg, Wis
Rhinelander, Wis
Richland Center, Wis
Ripon, Wis
Sheboygan Palls, Wis
Sparta, Wis
Stoughton, Wis
Sturgeon Bay, Wis
Tomah, Wis
Tomahawk, Wis
Viroqua, Wis
Waupaca, Wis
Waupun, Wis
West Bend, Wis
West Milwaukee, Wis
Whiteflsh Bay, Wis
Whitewater, Wis
Wisconsin Rapids, Wis..
Evanston, Wyo
Green River, Wyo
Laramie, Wyo
Rawlins, Wyo ..
Rock Springs, Wyo
Sheridan, Wyo
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
Source of Data.
Tlicro wore 298,423 arrest records (fingerprint cards) examined
by the Federal Bureau of Inve3tit2:ation during the first 6 months of
1940. Through this examination it was possible to obtain information
relative to the age, sex, race, and previous criminal history of the
poisons who wore arrested for violation of State laws and munit-ipal
ordinances. All fingeri)rint cards relating to persons arrested for
violation of Federal statutes, as well as those representing persons
committed to penal institutions, both Federal and State, were excluded.
Tiio (hita presented do not purport to represent all persons arrested,
since the Federal Bureau of Investigation does not receive a finger-
l)rint card for each individual taken into custody. Likewise, the
number of persons arrested should not be interpreted as determining
the (luantity of offenses committed, as the arrest of one person may
solve several cases while, on the other hand, two or more individuals
may be responsible for the commission of only one offense.
Offense Charged.
Persons arrested during the first half of 1940 for murder, robbery,
assault, burglary, larceny, and auto theft represented more than 27
percent of the fingerprint cards examined. The following tabulation
sets forth the arrests for major violations during this period:
Criniinal homicide 3, 054
Robl)erv 6, 837
Assault J 15, 499
Burglary — breaking or entering 18, 543
Larceny — theft (excluding auto theft) 31, 885
Auto theft 6, 670
Embezzlement and fraud 10, 183
Stolen property; buj'ing, receiving, possessing 1, 913
Arson 527
Forgery and counterfeiting 3, 250
Rape 2, 849
Narcotic drug laws 2, 629
Weapons (carrying, possessing, etc.) 2, 794
Driying while intoxicated 13, 604
Gambling .- 6, 981
Total 127, 218
Sex.
The number of males arrested during the first 6 months of 1940
exceeded the number of females in all types of crime, with the
exception of commercialized vice. This is shown by further studv of
298,423 arrest records. Of this total, 274,061 (9l'.8 percent) repre-
sented males arrested*, while 24,362 (8.2 percent) were females taken
into custody. The number of females arrested is an increase over the
same period in 1939, when the percentage of females was 7.1.
A comparison of an average group of 1,000 males arrested with
1,000 fomulos arrested, disclosetl that females were charged more
frequently with murder, assault, use of narcotic drugs, and licjuor
violations than males. However, males exceeded females in crimes
against property, such as robbery, burglary, and auto theft.
(109)
no
Table 55.^ — Distribution of arrests hy sex Jan. 1-June 30, 1940
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice-
Other sex ofienses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children..
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor-vehicle laws..
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Number
Percent
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
3,054
2,745
309
1.0
1.0
6,837
6,537
300
2.3
2.4
15, 499
14, 155
1,344
5.2
5.2
18,543
18, 247
296
6.2
6.7
31, 885
29, 301
2,584
10.7
10.7
6,670
6.572
98
2.2
2.4
10, 183
9,640
543
3.4
3.5
1,913
1,774
139
.6
.6
527
483
44
.2
.2
3,250
3,038
212
1.1
1.1
2,849
2,849
.9
1.0
4,361
1,147
3,214
1.5
.4
4,426
3,826
600
1.5
1.4
2,629
1,710
919
.9
.6
2,794
2,686
108
.9
1.0
3,790
3,669
121
1.3
1.3
4,905
4,014
891
1.6
l.S
13, 604
13, 262
342
4.6
4.8
2,854
2,808
46
1.0
1.0
14
14
(')
(')
4,485
4,386
99
1.5
1.6
13, 781
12, 104
1,677
4.6
4.4
52, 554
49, 285
3,269
17.6
18.0
27, 922
25,681
2,241
9.4
9.4
6,981
6,541
440
2.3
2.4
31, 222
27, 941
3,281
10.5
10.2
2,516
2,362
154
.8
.9
18, 375
17,284
1, 091
6.2
6.3
298, 423
274, 061
24, 362
100.0
100.0
Female
1.3
1.2
5.5
1.2
10.6
.4
2.2
.6
.2
13.2
2.5
3.8
.4
.5
3.6
1.4
.2
.4
6.9
13.4
9.2
1.8
13.5
.6
4.5
100.0
' Less than Ho of 1 percent.
Age.
The arrest records reviewed during the first half of 1940 indicate
that persons of 19 years were most frequently taken into custody.
This group was followed by those of 21, 22, 23, and 18 years,
respectively. While fluctuations are to be expected, it is interesting
to note that age 19 has led in the majority of the compilations of this
nature since 1932.
The following tabulation sets forth the number of arrests in the five
most prominent age groups:
l^cTQ- Number of arrests
19 12,327
21 12,008
22 _ 11,905
23 11,801
18 11,555
There were 52,534 (17.6 percent) youthful oftenders arrested during
the first 6 months of 1940 under 21 years of age. Those between
21-24 years old increased this sum by 46,797 (15.7 percent), making a
total of 99,331 persons arrested under 25 years cff age.
Extending the analysis to the age group 25-29 enlarged the number
of arrests made by 49,631 (16.6 percent), making an aggregate of
148,962 (49.9 percent) persons arrested less than 30 years old. (It
must be remembered that the number of fingerprint cards received
by the Federal Bureau of Investigation representing those arrested
under 21 years of age is incomplete, as some communities do not
fingerprint youthful offenders.)
Ill
o
s
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riminal homicide
Jobbery
ssault
urglary— breaking or en
arceny— theft..
uto theft
Is
%-^
P ^
ing. etc
rson - _
orgery and counterfeitin
aoe
IH
a
s
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Vice
ther se.\ offenses
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a
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children
iquor laws
riving while intoxicated
oad and driving laws...
arkins violations
IH
0
a
-3
a
a
S
03
t->
l->
x:
laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness. . _
Vagrancy _
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated ._ _..
All other offenses
■3
0
OK«;mHj<j
M
!»
<U,K
Ph
OZ?:
0
►JOWix,
0
112
Youths less than 21 years old were frequently charged with offenses
against property, particularly robbery, burglary, larceny, and auto
theft. This is clearly indicated by the following tabulation:
Table 57. — Percentage distribution of arrests by age groups, Jan. 1-June 30, 1940
Age group
All
ofienses
Criminal
homicide
Robbery
Burglary
Larceny
Auto theft
Under 21
17.6
32.3
25.6
15.1
9.3
.1
12.3
36.8
26.0
14.8
10.0
.1
28.7
44.9
18.9
5.8
1.7
.0
44.4
33.0
15.3
5.2
2.0
.1
31.7
32.7
19.9
10.2
5.4
.1
52.5
21-29
33.0
30-39
10.9
40-49
2.8
50 and over _
.7
Unknown
.1
Total _.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
The predominance of youthful persons among those charged with
offenses against property is further indicated by the fact that 79,808
persons of all ages were arrested for crimes against property (robbery,
burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement and fraud, forgery and
counterfeiting, receiving stolen property, and arson). During the
first 6 months of 1940, 25,459 (31.9 percent) of the persons arrested for
such crimes were less than 21 years old.
Further indication of the large part played by youthful persons in
the commission of crimes against property is seen in the figures show-
ing that 33.3 percent of all persons arrested were less than 25 years of
age. However, persons less than 25 years old numbered 53.7 percent
of those charged with robbery, 63.3 percent of those charged with bur-
glary, 49.1 percent of those charged with larceny, and 73.0 pcrcentof
those charged with auto theft. More than one-half of all crimes
against property during the first half of 1940 were committed by per-
sons under 25 years of age.
Table 58. — Number and percentage of arrests of persons under 25 years of age,
Jan. 1-June 30, 1940
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice..
other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws.. _
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children.-
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor-vehicle laws...
Disorderly conduct. _
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other ofienses
Total
Total
number of
persons
arrested
3,054
6,837
15,499
18, 543
31,885
fi, 670
10, 183
1,913
527
3,250
2,849
4,361
4,426
2,629
2,794
3,790
4,905
13, 604
2,854
14
4,485
13, 781
52,554
27, 922
6,981
31, 222
2,516
18, 375
298, 423
Number
under 21
years of age
375
1,964
1,796
8,228
10, 092
3,505
708
380
95
487
761
280
599
226
498
183
365
549
472
1
836
1,924
2,116
4,284
354
6, 553
348
4,555
52, 534
Total
number
under 25
years of age
Percentage
under 21
years of age
874
12.3
3,671
4,253
28.7
11.6
11, 746
44.4
15, 655
31.7
4,872
52.5
2,211
702
7.0
19.9
162
18.0
1,082
15.0
1,398
26.7
1,.366
6.4
1,307
13.5
626
8.6
998
17.8
710
4.8
995
7.4
2,132
4.0
1,167
16. 5
5
7.1
1,814
18.6
4,290
14.0
6,828
8,775
4.0
15.3
1,130
5.1
12, 205
695
21.0
13.8
7,662
24.8
99, 331
17.6
Total per-
centage
under 25
years of age
28.6
53.7
27.4
63.3
49. 1
73.0
21.7
36.7
30.7
33.3
49.1
31.3
29.5
23.8
35.7
18.7
20.3
15.7
40.9
35.7
40.4
31.1
13.0
31.4
16.2
39.1
27.6
4r7
33.3
113
Critninol Itvpcoters.
The extent to w liich persons with ciiniinal tendencies continue to
viohite the law is indicated by the fact that 148,201 (almost one-half)
of the persons arrested during the lirst half of 1940 had previously
been linj^erprinted and cards covering: them were on file in the Federal
Bureau of Investigation. In addition, there were 3,492 current
records receivetl containing reference to past criminal activities,
although no fingerprint cards were on file prior to 1940. This in-
creases the total to 151,693 arrested persons during the first 6 months
of 1940 who have previously been engaged in various criminal
activities.
The examination disclosed that of the 298,423 arrest records
received, 102,589 persons had been convicted of at least 296,510
crimes, of which 176,496 constituted minor violations.
Of those persons with previous convictions, more than 52 percent
were based on major violations as indicated by the following tabu-
lation :
Criminal homicide 816
Rolihery 3, 879
.\ssault 5, 218
Burglary 10, 680
Larceny (and related offenses) 23,866
Arson 110
Forgery and counterfeiting 2, 397
Rape 659
Narcotic drug laws 2, 021
Weapons (carrying, possessing, etc.) 1, 086
Driving wliile intoxicated 3, 134
Total 53,866
The study revealed that in many instances criminals repeat the
type of offense for which they had previously been arrested or
convicted.
114
Table 59. — Number of cases in which fingerprint records show one or more prior
convictions, and the total of prior convictions disclosed by the records, Jan. 1-June
30, 1940
Offense charged
Number of
records show-
ing one or
more prior
convictions
Number of Number of
prior convic- prior eonvic
tions of major tions of minor
offenses offenses
Total num-
ber of prior
convictions
disclosed
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc.
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice. .
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children...
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traflSc and motor-vehicle laws —
Disorderly conduct . .
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
589
2,662
4,510
6,327
10, 333
2,004
3,401
458
108
1,212
681
1,571
997
1,268
768
845
1,566
2,977
548
717
4,360
5,483
10, 689
17, 621
2,996
5,447
672
108
2,070
800
2,491
1,276
3,135
1,073
863
1,075
2,581
456
497
2,636
4,881
5,708
13,442
590
2,939
391
84
833
545
1,358
982
1,359
708
756
2,513
3,143
486
1,214
6,996
10,364
16, 397
31,063
4, 586
8,386
1,063
192
2,903
1,345
3,849
2,258
4,494
1,781
1,619
3,588
6,724
942
1,081
4, 615
22, ,348
12, 892
1,386
10, 024
1,088
6,330
1,006
4,336
14, 546
12, 715
1,547
13, 137
1,547
7,267
Total.
102, 589
120, 014
1,268
9,331
66, 337
29, 136
1,183
14, 061
1,272
9,057
2,274
13, 667
80,883
41,851
2,730
27, 198
2,819
16, 324
176, 496
296, 510
Race.
Members of the white race represent 218,650 of the 298,423 arrest
records received, while 65,358 were Negroes, 10,871 Mexicans, 1,704
Indians, 539 Chinese, 220 Japanese, and 1,081 all others.
In order to properly stiicly the relationship between the number
of whites arrested as compared with the number of Negroes, it becomes
necessary to employ the 1930 decennial census, which reflects that
there were 8,041,014 Negroes, 13,069,192 foreign-born whites, and
64,365,193 native-born whites in the United States. All persons
under 15 years of age were excluded from the above population figures.
However, the immediate descendants of foreign-bom whites have
been treated as native whites.
There were 813 Negroes arrested and fingerprinted during the
first half of 1940 of each 100,000 Negroes in the general population
of the United States, while the corresponding figure for native whites
was 312, and for foreign-born whites, 98.
Size of Fingerprint File.
At the end of June 1940, there were 13,205,855 fingerprint records
and 14,267,994 index cards containing the names and aliases of indi-
viduals on file in the Identification Division of the FBI. Of each
100 fingerprint cards received during the first 6 months of 1940, more
than 61 were identified with those on file in the Bureau. Fugitives
numbering 3,858 were identified through fingerprint records during
the first 6 months of 1940, and interested law-enforcement officials
were immediately notified of the whereabouts of those fugitives. As
of June 30, 1940, there were 10,885 police departments, peace officers,
and law-enforcement agencies throughout the United States and
foreign countries voluntarily contributing fingerprints to the FBI.
OFFENSE CLASSIFICATIONS
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in part I and
part II offenses, there follows a brief definition of each classification:
Part I Offenses.
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter includes
all felonious homicides except those caused by negligence. Does not include
attempts to kill, assaults to kill, justifiable homicides, suicides, or accidental
deaths. (6) Manslaughter by negligence includes only those cases in which
death is caused by culpable negligence which is .so clearly evident that if the
j>erson responsible for the death were apprehended he would be prosecuted for
manslaughter.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape, assault to rape, and attempted
rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as highway robbery, stick-ups, robbery
armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. .Aggravated assatili. — Includes a.ssault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, .scalding, or by u.se of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
.5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe-
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or theft. Includes attempted
burglary and assault to commit a burglary. Burglary followed by a larceny is
entered here and is not counted again under larceny.
6. Larceny — theft (except auto tlieft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value.
(6) Under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of property stolen, pocket-picking, punse-snatching, shoplifting,
or any stealing of property or thing of value which is not taken by force and vio-
lence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement, "con" games, forgery, passing
worthless checks, etc.
7. A7ito theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the .so-called "joy-riding" thefts. Does not
include taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unau-
thorized u.se by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
Part II Offenses.
8. Other a.'i.sanlt^. — Includes all assaiilts and attempted assaults which are not
of an aggravated nature and which do not belong in c.la.ss 4.
9. Forgery and counterfeiting.- liichides offenses dealing with the making,
altering, uttering, or po.ssessing, with intent to defraud, anything false which is
made to appear true. Includes attemi)ts. '
10. Embezzlement and fraud. — Includes all offenses of fraudulent conversion,
embezzlement, and obtaining money or property by false pretenses.
11. Stolen property; buying, receiving, po.s.tessing. — Includes buying, receiving,
and iiossessing stolen property as well as attempts to commit any of those offenses.
12. Weapons; carrying, posses.'sing, etc. — Includes all violations of regulations
or statutes controlling the carrying, using, possessing, furnLshing, and matuifactur-
ing of deadly weapons or silencers and all attempts to violate such statutes or
regulations.
13. I'rostitntion and commercialized vice. — Includes sex offenses of a commer-
cialized nature, or attempts to commit the .same, such as, prostitution, keeping
bawdy house, procuring, transjjorting, or detaining women for immoral i)urposes.
14. Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution and commercialized vice).— In-
cludes offen.ses againsf chastity, common decency, morals, and the like. Includes
attempts.
1.5. Offenses against the family and children. — Includes offen.ses of nonsupport,
neglect, desertion, or abuse of family and children.
16. Narcotic drug /atijs.^ Includes offenses relating to narcotic drugs, such as
unlawful possession, sale, or u.se. Excludes Federal offenses.
(115)
116
17. Liquor laivs. — With the exception of "Drunkenness" (class 18) and "Driving
while intoxicated" (class 22), liquor law violations, State or local, are placed in
this class. Excludes Federal violations.
18. Drunkenness. — Includes all offenses of drunkenness or intoxication.
19. Disorderly conduct. — Includes all charges of committing a breach of the
peace.
20. Vagrancy. — Includes such offenses as vagabondage; begging; loitering; etc.
21. Gambling. — Includes offenses of promoting, permitting, or engaging in
gambling.
22. Driving while intoxicated. — Includes driving or operating any motor vehicle
while drunk or under the influence of liquor or narcotics.
23. Violation of road and driving laws. — Includes violations of regulations with
respect to the proper handling of a motor vehicle to prevent accidents.
24. Parking violations. — Includes violations of parking ordinances.
25. Other violations of traffic and motor vehicle laws. — Includes violations of
State laws and municipal ordinances with regard to traffic and motor vehicles
not otherwise provided for in classes 22-24.
26. All other offenses. — Includes all violations of State or local laws for which
no provision has been made above in classes 1-25.
27. Suspicion. — This classification includes all persons arrested as suspicious
characters but not in connection with any specific offense who are released without
formal charges being placed against them.
o
UNIFORM
CRIME
REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
ISSUED BY THE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Volume XI
Number 3
THIRD QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1940
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume XI — Number 3
THIRD QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1940
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
ADVISORY
International Association of Chiefs of Police
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1940
CONTENTS Page
Summary of volume XI, No. 3 117-118
Classificati ;.i of offenses 118
Extent of reporting area 119
Monthly reports:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population
(table 60) 120-121
Annual trends, offenses known to the police, 1939-40 (table 61) 122-123
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location
(tables 62, 63) 124-128, 132
Offenses in individual cities over 100,000 in population (table 64).. 129-131
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police (table 65) 133
Offenses kno\\ai in Territories and possessions (table 66) 133
Data from supplementary offense reports (tables 67-69) 134-135
Persons Charged, 1939:
Persons charged in individual cities over 25,000 in population (table 70). 136-140
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1940:
Sex distribution of persons arrested (table 71) 141-142
Age distribution of persons arrested (tables 72-74) 142-146
Number with records showing previous convictions (table 75) 147-148
Definitions of part I and part II offense classifications 150-151
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S, Department
of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume XI October 1940 Number 3
SUMMARY
Annual Crime Trends, January-September 1939 40.
Iiicreasos wore seen in the first 9 months of 1940 over the correspond-
ing period of 1939 in aU offenses except murder, rape, aii4 robbery.
Negligent manslaughter increased 8.8 percent; larceny, 6.3 percent;
aggravated assault, 3.4 percent; burglary, 1.6 percent; and auto
theft, 1.0 percent. The decreases were as follows: robbery, 4.5
percent; murder, 4.1 percent; and rape, 2.0 percent.
Crime Rates, 1940.
Cities with over 100,000 inhabitants continue to experience the
highest crime rates, except for aggravated assault. Felonious assaults
(other than rape) occur v/ith greatest frequency in cities with popula-
tion from 50,000 to 100,000. Communities ranging in population
from 2,500 to 10,000 reported more offenses of rape in proportion to
population than other cities, except those with more than 100,000
inhabitants.
Distribution of Crimes by Type, 1940.
Offenses against the person (criminal homicide, rape, and aggravated
assault) constitute only 4.2 percent of the total offenses reported dur-
ing the first 9 months of this year. The majority (59.0 percent)
were larcenies; burglaries constituted 22.5 percent of the total crimes
reported; auto thefts, 11.0 percent; and robberies, 3.3 percent.
Less than half of the burglaries involved residences. That parked
automobiles are frequently attacked by thieves is shown by the fact
that over 36 percent of all reported larcenies consisted of some type
of theft from automobiles.
Stolen Property Recovered, 1940.
Exclusive of automobiles, 22.2 percent of the property stolen was
recovered. Over 97 percent of the stolen automobiles were recovered.
Persons Arrested, 1940.
Fingerprint cards of 459,167 persons arrested during the first 9
months of this year were examined. The examination indicated that
191,844 of these individuals were arrested for the commission of some
major crime. Women arrested represented 8.4 percent of the total,
being an increase over the comparable period of 1939, when the
percentage of females was 7.5.
(117)
118
More persons aged 19 were arrested than any other singh^ age group,
followed by ages 21, 22, 18, and 23, respectively. Persons under
21 years of age made up 12.2 percent of those charged with criminal
homicide, 28.9 percent of those charged with robbery, 44.9 percent
of those charged with burglary, 32.3 percent of tlaose charged with
larceny, and 52.6 percent of the persons charged with auto theft.
More than one-half of the persons fingerprinted during January-
September 1940, had previous criminal records on file in the FBI,
and 158,121 had previously been convicted. More than one-half of
the persons with previous conviction records had been found guilty
of some major violation.
CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES
The term "offenses known to the police" is designed to include those
crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification occur-
ring witliin the police jurisdiction, whether they become known to
the police through reports of police officers, of citizens, of prosecuting
or court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the following
group of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience to be
those most generally and completely reported to the police: Criminal
homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and (b)
manslaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated assault;
burglary — breaking or entering; larceny — theft ; and auto theft. The
figures contained herein include also the number of attempted crimes
of the designated classes. In other words, an attempted burglary
or robbery, for example, is reported in the bulletin in the same manner
as if the crime had been completed. Attempted murders, however,
are reported as aggravated assaults.
"Offenses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the law-enforce-
ment agencies of contributing communities and not merely arrests
or cleared cases. Complaints which upon investigation are learned
to be groundless are not included in the tabulations which follow.
In publishing the data sent m by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out
as current information which may throw some light on problems of
crime and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
In the last section of this bulletin may be found brief definitions of
part I and part II offense classifications.
119
EXTENT OF REPORTING AREA
The number of police (lei)artinents from which one or more crime
reports were received during tlie first 9 months of 1940 is contained in
the following table. The cities represented are classed accordmg to
size, and the population figures for cities in excess of 10,000 are esti-
mates prepared by the Bureau of the Census as of July 1 , 1933. How-
ever, since no estimates were available for the smaller cities, the
1930 decennial census figures were used for places under 10,000 in
population.
Population group
Total
number
of cities
or towns
Cities filing returns
Total pop-
ulation
Population repre-
sented in returns
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
982
924
94.1
60, 265, 719
59, 244, 459
98.3
1 Cities over 250,000
37
57
104
191
593
37
57
102
187
541
100.0
100.0
98.1
97.9
91.2
29, 695, 500
7,8,50,312
6, 980, 407
6, 638, 544
9. 100, 956
29, 695, 500
7, 850, 312
6, 833, 874
6, 493, 268
8, 371, 505
100.0
2 Cities 100,000 to 2.')0,000
100.0
3 Cities 50,000 to 100,000
97.9
4 Cities 25,000 to 50,000
97.8
5 Cities 10,000 to 25,000
92.0
Note.— The above tablo does not include 1,744 cities and rural townships agfjregating a total population of
8,667,131. The cities included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 population filing returns, whereas
the rural townships are of varying population groups.
The growth of the uniform crime reporting area is indicated b}^ the
following tabulation. These figures are compiled for the first 9 months
of 1932-40.
Year
Number of
cities
Population
Year
Number of
cities
Population
1932
1,546
1,638
1,727
2,050
2,271
52, 802, 362
62,041,342
62,391,056
64, 012, 959
65, 319, 548
1937
1938
1939
1940
2,358
2,617
2, 662
65,811,861
1933
67, 262, 788
1934
67. 735. 765
1935
2,668 1 67,911,590
1936
1
The additional 6 cities shown in the above tabulation for the first
9 months of 1940, as compared with the corresponding period of 1939,
increased the population represented in the uniform crime reporting
project by 175,825, bringing the aggregate population to 67,911,590.
There were 4,256 contributors of one or more crime reports during
the first 9 months of 1940. These consisted of 2,668 city and village
law-enforcement agencies, 1 ,566 sheriffs, 9 State police units, and
13 agencies in Territories and possessions of the United States.
MONTHLY REPORTS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population.
Generally, the largest cities experience the highest crime rates. For
all offenses except aggravated assault, more crimes per imit of popu-
lation occurred in cities with over 100,000 inhabitants than in the
smaller communities, according to a study made of the monthly crime
reports received for the first 9 months of the year from 2,025 cities
with population in excess of 2,500.
The highest crime rate for aggravated assault was experienced in
cities with population between 50,000 and 100,000, followed by cities
from 100,000 to 250,000, and those over 250,000 respectively.' Cities
with population from 100,000 to 250,000 reported fewer rapes per unit
of population than communities with from 2,500 to 10,000 inhabitants;
but the highest rape figures were reported by cities over 250,000 in
population, w^ith the result that, considered as a single group, cities
over 100,000 in population reported the highest frequency of rape
offenses.
The majority (59.0 percent) of all offenses reported were classified
as larcenies. Burglaries made up 22.5 percent of the total; auto thefts,
11.0 percent; and robberies, 3.3 percent. Only 4.2 percent of the
crimes reported were offenses against the person, such as criminal
homicide, rape, and aggravated assault.
The total population of the 2,025 cities whose reports were used in
compiling the data published in this issue of the bulletin was 62,288,351.
The crime rates for cities of 6 different population groups are shown in
table 60 in order that interested persons may compare crime conditions
of a particular community with average figures for other cities in the
United States of approximately the same size. Crime rates for
cities grouped not only according to size but also by location are
presented in table 63.
(120)
121
Table 60. — Offenses known to the police, January to September, inclusive, 1940;
number and rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by popxdation groups
[Population as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Population group
GROrP I
36 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 29,375,600:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000.-.
GROUP II
57 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total pop-
ulation, 7,850,312:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP III
90 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total pop-
ulation, 6,047,8&3:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
160 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total pop-
ulation, 5,545,213:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V
46() cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total popu-
lation, 7,221,264:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
1,216 cities under 10,000; total pop-
ulation, 6,248,079:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Total 2,025 cities; total popu-
lation, 02,288,351:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Criminal homi-
cide
Mur-
der,
non-
negli-
gent
man-
slaugh-
ter
1,337
4.6
346
4.4
237
3.9
161
2.9
215
3.0
226
3.6
2,522
4.0
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
1 1, 185
4.0
254
3.2
163
2.7
1 143
2.6
103
1.4
110
1.8
1 1,958
3.1
Rape
2,518
8.6
409
5.2
291
4.8
271
4.9
387
5.4
387
6.2
4,263
6.8
Rob-
bery
15,910
h^.2
2, 939
37.4
1,791
29.6
1,271
22.9
1,339
18.5
1,097
17.6
24, 347
.39.1
Aggra-
vated
assault
10, 986
.37.4
3,233
41.2
2,744
45.4
1,640
29.6
1,726
23.9
1,.322
21.2
21, 651
34.8
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
2 60, 038
296.5
23,951
305. 1
16, 572
274.0
13, 473
243.0
14,151
196. 0
12, 079
193. 3
Lar-
ceny-
theft
2 140,264
263.8
Auto
theft
2 153, 965
760.4
61,825
787. 5
43, 844
724.9
39, 887
719. 3
40, 942
567.0
26, 497
424. 1
2 366,960
690.3
43,909
149.5
11,906
151.7
7,167
118.5
6,482
116.9
6,045
8.3.7
4,821
77.2
80,330
129.0
1 The number of offen.ses and rate for inanslauglitcr by negligence are based on reports as follows: Group
I, 35 cities, total population, 2H,()21 ,.500; group IV, l.'iO cities, total population, 5..506,n3; groups I-Vl, 2,023
cities, total population, 60,895,151.
2 The number of offenses and rate for burglary and larceny— theft are based on reports as follows: Group
I, 34 cities, total population, 20,248,600; groups I-VT, 2,023 cities, total population, ,53,161,351.
122
Annual Trends, Offenses Known to the Police, 1939-40.
In examining the monthly reports received during the first 9
months of 1939 and 1940 from the police departments of 336 cities
with population in excess of 25,000, increases were seen in all offenses
except murder, rape, and robbery. The more pronounced increases
were noted in offenses of manslaughter by negligence and larceny,
which increased 8.8 percent and 6.3 percent, respectively. Aggravated
assaults showed a 3.4 percent increase; burglaries, 1.6 percent; and
auto thefts, which during recent years have shown a general down-
ward trend, increased 1.0 percent.
In examining the other side of the picture, we find that the number
of robbery offenses committed during the first 9 months of 1940 was
4.5 percent less than the number committed during the same period
of last year. Murders and rapes decreased 4.1 percent and 2.0
percent, respectively.
The number of offenses reported during the first three quarters of
1939 and 1940 by police departments in 336 cities with population
of 25,000 or more is shown in table 61. The total population reported
is 41,435,908, and the data are presented for each 3-month period in
order to make possible comparisons of individual quarters.
Table 61.- — Annual trends, offenses known to the police, 336 cities over 25,000 in
■population, January to September, inclusive, 1939-4.0
[Total population, 41,43.'i,908, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Burg-
lary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny-
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
January to March 1939
January to March 1940
April to June 1939
607
539
650
665
692
665
1,949
1,869
1367
1421
1317
1371
1319
1299
1 1, 003
1 1,091
907
832
915
914
1,007
1,027
2,829
2,773
8,232
7,798
6,596
6,555
6,907
6,400
21, 735
20, 753
4,520
4,586
5, 183
5,744
6,234
6,153
15, 937
16, 483
2 39, 204
2 38, 936
2 35, 721
2 37, 159
2 36, 615
2 37, 221
2 111,540
2 113,316
2 92, 243
2 94, 261
2 93, 139
2 100, 776
2 95, 099
2 103, 133
2 280, 481
2 298, 170
21, 700
21, 366
19, 606
April to June 1940
20, 407
July to September 1939
July to September 1940
January to September 1939. .
January to September 1940. _
19, 547
19, 660
60, 853
61, 433
1 The number of offenses of manslaughter by negligence is based on reports of 332 cities with a total popu-
lation of 39,560,408.
2 The number of offenses of burglary and larceny is based on reports of 335 cities with a total population
Of 39,463,208.
123
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124
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location.
Marked variances are seen in the crime rates for different sections
of the country. This is only to be expected, inasmuch as the frequency
of crime is affected by many factors, which vary greatly in the extent
to which they are present in individual communities. For a list of
some of the factors affecting the amount of crime m a community,
reference may be made to the comments immediately preceding
table 64.
There is presented m table 63 the number of offenses known to the
police per 100,000 inhabitants for cities grouped not only according to
size, but also by geograpliic divisions. Many persons will undoubtedly
be interested in comparing local crime conditions with the averages
shown in tliis tabulation.
Figures indicating the number of police departments whose reports
were employed in preparing the rates for each of the subgroups in
tables 60 and 63 are shown in table 62.
Table 62. — Number of cities included in the tabulation of uniform crime reports,
January to September, inclusive, 1940
Division
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England: 180 cities; total population,
5,717,431
Middle Atlantic: 497 cities; total population,
18,549,050
East North Central: 501 cities; total popula-
tion, 16,124,725- -
West North Central: 233 cities; total popula-
tion, 5,052,825
South Atlantic: 160 cities; total population,
4,743,292
East South Central: 70 cities; total popula-
tion, 2,087,797
West South Central: 118 cities; total popula-
tion, 3,345,136
Mountain: 88cities; total population, 1,292,827
Pacific: 178 cities; total population, 5,375,268.
Total: 2,025 cities; total population,
62,288,351
Population
Group
I
Over
250,000
Group
II
100,000
to
250,000
36
12
11
10
5
6
3
5
1
4
Group
III
50,000
to
100,000
11
20
26
7
13
3
4
2
5
90
Group
IV
25,000
to
50,000
26
30
47
10
17
4
10
6
11
160
Group
V
10,000
to
25,000
63
122
100
53
30
22
27
15
34
Group
VI
Less
than
10,000
466
67
308
310
154
91
35
63
119
1,216
Total
180
497
501
233
160
70
118
88
178
2,025
125
In order that the information may be readily available, there are
listed below the States included in the nine geographic divisions.
States Divided by Geographic Division
New England:
Connecticut.
Maine.
Massachusetts.
New Hampshire.
Rhode Island.
Vermont.
West North Central:
Iowa.
Kansas.
Minnesota.
Missouri.
Nebraska.
North Dakota.
South Dakota.
West South Central:
Arkansas.
Louisiana.
Oklahoma.
Texas.
Middle Atlantic:
New Jersey.
New York.
Pennsvlvania.
South Atlantic:
Delaware.
District of Columbia.
Florida.
Georgia.
Maryland.
North Carolina.
South Carolina.
Virginia.
West Virginia.
Mountain:
Arizona.
Colorado.
Idaho.
Montana.
Nevada.
New Mexico.
Utah.
Wj'oming.
East North Central:
IlIinoLs.
Indiana.
Michigan.
Ohio.
Wisconsin.
East South Central:
Alabama.
Kentucky.
Mississippi.
Tennessee.
Pacific :
California.
Oregon.
Washington.
126
ij;
.vBLK 63. — Xumher of offenses krwirn to Ike police per 100,000 inhnbitants, Janu-
ary to September, inclusive, 1940, by geographic divisio7is and popiilalion groups
Qeographir division and population
group
Murder,
nonnegli-
Ront man-
slaughter
Robbery
•Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary—
breaking or
entering
Larceny-
theft
Auto
theft
New England:
Group I
1.0
.6
.7
.6
1.1
.5
22.9
12.9
7.8
8.3
8.0
4.4
a 7
10.4
6.8
5.8
4.4
6.1
119.4
270.5
336.4
193.4
154.9
169.8
262.2
537.3
431.5
428.8
353.0
255.5
288.4
Orou'i LI
150.0
Group III
88.9
Group IV
75.7
Group V
41.5
Group VI
43. 1
Total, groups I- VI
.7
11.5
8.2
198.3
402.3
124.6
Middle .\tlantic-
Group 1
3.0
1.4
1.2
.8
1.6
1.8
22.4
16.1
22.8
13.6
15.2
10.4
29.7
15.9
25.3
16.5
13.3
9.5
' 240. 2
196.7
208.9
177. 3
148.1
125. 8
' 355. 4
372.8
388.7
390. 2
283.0
209.6
119.7
Group II .
106.6
Group III-- --- -..
105.7
Group IV
85.5
Group V
66. 1
Group V'l --.
41.6
Total, groups I-VI
2.4
19.7
24.1
a 184. 1
2 327. 9
103.8
Ea.st North Central:
CJroup I-
4.3
2.9
1.3
1.7
1.8
1.3
85.5
43.4
32.8
21.6
22.2
18.7
30.1
35.3
18.6
0.9
12.6
10.1
261.2
286.6
217.3
217.4
182.3
172.1
703.5
836.5
617.7
622.8
513.1
305.4
103.6
163.2
Group III- -
102. 5
Group IV -
Group V ... -
110.1
85.3
Group VI --
68.3
3.1
57.5
23.7
238.3
640.9
104.1
West North Central:
4.0
1.7
1.8
.9
.8
1.6
43.9
29.5
19.1
11.9
16.8
16.5
12.0
15.6
5.1
6.2
7.4
10.0
188.7
228.3
282.5
234.7
187.7
172.6
763.8
656.9
921.0
722.5
690.7
384.6
98.4
Group II
125.4
Group III - -
162. 1
Group IV
127.2
Group V ,
86.9
Group VI_
59.8
Total, groups I-VI.
2.4
29.1
10.4
203.8
694.2
102.8
South jVtlantic:
Group I -_ .-.
11.2
12.5
12.8
10.9
9.2
13.3
74.1
80.9
45.6
57.5
23.3
26.0
65.4
117.3
164.8
135,7
143.6
92.7
317.9
509.5
393. 6
393. 8
255.1
264.3
773.1
1,355.8
1,114. 1
1.118.0
766.7
586.0
251.7
Group II
208. 6
Group III ---
144.7
Group I\ --
138. 6
Group V . .
101.6
Group VI....
119.4
Total, groups I-VI...
11.7
58.4
111.1
361.6
955.9
183.8
East South Central:
Group I _
16.7
21.0
16.6
17.2
17. 1
20.3
98.8
67.9
31.0
31.9
27.8
33.1
252. 6
121.7
145.0
105.9
73.5
84.7
550. 5
283.4
459.1
293. 4
264. 3
23S. 7
894.8
702. S
892. 5
1, 126. 5
591.9
265. 1
152.3
Group II
153.0
Group III
91.0
Group IV..
179. 2
Group V
74.4
Group VI
85.3
Total, groups I-VI...
17.9
65.3
165.3
402.3
777.8
131.1
Grouj) I..
11.8
7.4
9.8
3.6
5.7
13.1
44.1
. 60.6
27.8
23.9
33.1
27.4
56.1
89.4
74.3
49.7
52.8
46.7
332.2
403.2
327.9
289. 1
290.9
275.4
1,123.5
1,191.0
1,111.1
1.022.7
854.2
549.5
136.4
135.0
Group III
114.2
Group IV
101. H
Group V
88.7
Group VI
63. 2
Total, groups I-VI
9.0
41.8
64.0
334.1
1, 029. 1
116.3
Mountain:
3.1
2.8
6.8
3.9
1.4
2.4
.50.5
36.8
75.3
36.0
34.9
24.9
14.3
7.6
29.4
17.5
11.0
16.4
253.4
389.7
426.6
296.8
302.5
275.5
1,105.0
850.2
1,384.5
1,636.8
1,481.3
791.7
131.3
Group II
199.0
Group III
184. 0
Group IV
231.7
Group v..
196.0
Group VI
101.4
Total, groups I-VI
3.0
39.4
15.2
303. 1
1,166.9
162.3
Pacific:
Group I.-
3.2
3.3
2.9
1.4
2.4
1.8
83.4
40.6
49.1
32.8
18.2
22.8
31.3
12.4
22.4
15.5
5.1
19.7
475.3
389.4
375.7
334.9
290.5
300.8
1,159.3
1,268.5
1,329.6
1, 186. 9
1, 224. 9
1,089.1
333.2
Group II
214. 6
Group III
175.8
Group IV
Group v..
216.6
164.4
Group VI
189.7
Total, groups I-VI .
2.8
60.4
24.1
413.3
1,182.3
270.4
' The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 4 cities.
- The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 495 cities.
128
129
Offenses in Individual Cities With More Than 100,000 Inhabitants.
The number of oiFeiises reported as having been coniniittecl during
tlie period of July-September 1940 is shown in table 64. The com-
pilation includes (he reports received from police departments in
cities with more than 100,000 mhabitants. Such data are included
here in order that interested individuals and organizations may have
readily available up-to-date information concerning the amount of
crime committed hi their communities. Police administrators and
other interested individuals will probably find it desirable to com-
pare the crime rates of their cities with the average rates shown in
tables 60 and 63 of tliis publication. Similarly, they will doubtless
desire to make comparisons with the figures for their communities
for prior periods, hi order to determine whether tliere has been an
increase or a decrease in the amount of crime committed.
A great deal of caution should be exercised in comparing crime
data for uidividual cities, because differences in the figures may be
due to a variety of factors. The amount of crime committed in a
community is not solely chargeable to the police but is rather a
charge against the entire community. The following is a list of some
of the factors which might affect the amount of crime in a community:
The composition of the population with reference particularly
to age, sex, ami race.
The economic status and activities of the population.
Climate.
Educational, recreational, and religious facilities.
The number of police employees per unit of population.
The standards governing appointments to the police force.
The policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts.
The attitude of the public toward law-enforcement problems.
The degree of efficiency of the local law-enforcement agency.
Comparisons between the crime rates of individual cities should
not be made without giving consideration to the above-mentioned
factors. It is more important to determine whether the figures for
a given community show increases or decreases in the amount of
crime committed than to ascertain whether the figures are above or
below those of some other community.
In examining a compilation of crime figures for individual com-
munities it should be borne in mind that in view of the fact that the
data are compiled by dift'erent record departments operating under
separate and distinct administrative systems, it is entirely possible
that there may be variations in the practices employed in classifying
complaints of offenses. On the other hand, the crime-reporting
handbook has been distributed to all contributors of crime reports,
and the figures received are included in this bulletin only if they
ai)parently have been compiled in accordance with the provisions of
the handbook, and th(> individual department has so indicated.
130
Table 64. — Nximher of offenses known to the police, July to September, inclusive,
19^0, cities over 100,000 in population
City
Akron, Ohio
Albany, N. Y
Atlanta, Ga
Baltimore, Md
Birmingham, Ala
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, Conn
Buffalo, N. Y
Cambridge, Mass
Camden, N. J
Canton, Ohio
Chattanooga, Tenn..
Chicago, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Columbus, Ohio
Dallas, Tex
Dayton, Ohio
Denver, r,olo
Des Moines, Iowa
Detroit, Mich.._
Duluth, Minn
Elizabeth, N. J
El Paso, Tex
Erie, Pa
Evansville, Ind
Fall River, Mass
Flint, Mich
Fort Wayne, Ind
Fort Worth, Tex
Gary, Ind
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Hartford, Conn
Honolulu, T. H
Houston, Tex...
Indianapolis, Ind
Jacksonville, Fla
Jersey City, N. J
Kansas City, Kans...
Kansas City, Mo
Knoxville, Tenn
Long Beach, Calif
Los Angeles, Calif
Louisville, Ky ._
Lowell, Mass
Lynn, Mass
Memphis, Tenn
Miami, Fla
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery
2
1
25
24
17
1
21
73
9
13
5
13
7
2
2
17
1
2
1
17
7
9
4
8
6
1
18
9
23
3
30
10
59
88
29
62
1
8
8
16
27
21
,240
105
157
59
28
26
81
10
469
1
11
13
8
13
1
14
10
11
45
12
9
10
53
156
49
28
88
11
18
506
72
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny — theft
$50 and
over
12
110
41
Under
$50
511
148
1,141
1,016
439
527
369
365
184
149
228
352
3, 443
1,446
2,793
914
1.697
648
1,101
417
7,388
289
127
326
209
331
108
443
554
767
286
497
552
493
1,375
716
671
263
895
192
795
6,107
938
60
247
697
289
Auto
theft
92
36
217
585
127
822
80
60
32
85
692
135
264
218
116
82
110
110
737
24
31
30
67
59
26
67
101
87
49
85
103
85
213
316
72
28
129
75
74
2,017
211
21
40
66
60
I Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
131
Table 64. — Number of offenses known to the police, July to September, inclusive,
1940, cities over 100,000 in population — Continued
City
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn...
Nashville, Tenn
Newark, N. J
New Bedford, Mass...
New Haven, Conn
New Orleans, La
New York, N.Y
Norfolk, Va
Oakland, Calif
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Omaha, Nebr
Paterson, N. J
Peoria, 111
Philadelphia, Pa
Pittsburgh, Pa
Portland, Oreg
Providence, R. I
Reading, Pa
Richmond, Va
Rochester, N. Y
St. Louis. Mo
St. Paul, Minn
Salt Lake City, Utah.
San Antonio, Tex
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif...
Scranton, Pa
Seattle, Wash
Somerville, Mass
South Bend, Ind
Spokane, Wash
Springfield, Mass
Syracuse, N. Y
Tacoma, Wash
Tampa, Fla
Toledo, Ohio
Trenton, N. J
Tulsa, Okla
Utica, N. Y
Washington, D. C
Waterhury, Conn
Wichita, Kans
Wilmington, Del
Worcester, Mass
Yonkers, N. Y
Youngstown, Ohio
Murder,
nonncgli-
gent man-
slaughter
19
89
3
2
6
2
33
5
1
15'
26'
5
13
....
....
....
Robbery
6
35
29
78
1
7
23
320
31
24
36
12
7
12
206
100
76
5
2
23
5
106
25
14
34
6
129
3
45
4
12
11
5
4
7
10
49
17
46
202
1
1
12
2
1
40
Aggra-
vated
assault
12
11
56
145
3
8
101
715
39
39
49
14
14
198
128
7
7
5
141
6
17
20
5
135
9
83
24
33
13
36
62
3
21
11
8
41
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
128
409
248
613
168
170
141
1, 958
196
297
262
137
114
137
1,125
655
550
121
73
282
153
316
270
182
185
119
657
90
666
38
163
177
77
115
102
121
■275
158
317
41
670
53
63
78
225
24
221
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
(')
0)
71
135
34
120
25
54
106
55
42
21
14
12
7
280
114
185
57
15
64
40
57
24
68
48
170
36
134
8
29
32
28
33
25
16
101
25
49
12
206
13
14
26
34
6
14
Under
$50
1,305
833
337
844
282
279
388
4, 555
455
992
472
242
59
166
857
345
1,119
173
151
860
588
2,398
670
461
749
605
1,586
132
1,090
48
281
640
250
244
260
328
837
225
551
169
1,838
57
323
276
266
61
359
Auto
theft
119
242
84
314
28
79
122
2.872
112
152
84
90
57
63
651
453
202
72
24
136
84
219
77
93
86
140
650
38
274
47
46
93
67
• 73
70
43
217
64
87
23
567
48
21
66
99
25
80
Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
273359°— 40-
132
r-H
W
P
o
133
Offenses Known to Sheriffs, State Police, and Other Rural Officers, 1940.
In compiling and publishing national police statistics under the
system of uniform crime reporting the FBI distinguishes between
urban and rural crimes. The figures presented in the preceding tables
are based on reports received from the large majority of the agencies
policing urban communities (places with 2,500 or more inhabitants,
according to the U. S. Bureau of the Census). Comprehensive data
regarding rural crimes are not yet available, but the information on
hand is shown in table 65, which is based on the reports from 987
sheriffs, 87 police agencies in rural vihages. and 9 State police organiza-
tions.
Table 65. — Offenses known, January to September, inclusive, 1940, as reported
by 987 sheriffs, 9 State police organizations, and 87 village officers
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or entering
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Larceny —
theft
Auto
theft
Offenses known _ . .
792
601
1, 636 2. 488
3,824
20, 828
35, 877
6,999
Offenses Known in Territories and Possessions of the United States.
There are presented in table 66 the available crime data for the
Territories and possessions of the United States. The figures are based
on reports received from the first and second judicial divisions of
Alaska; Honolulu City and the Counties of Honolulu and Maui; in
the Territory of Hawaii; Isthmus of Panama, Canal Zone, and Puerto
Rico. The tabulation is based on the number of offenses known to
law-enforcement officials of both urban and rural areas, with the
exception that the data for Honolulu City have been segregated from
the figures for the remainder of Honolulu County.
Table 66. — Number of offenses known in United States Territories and possessions,
January to September, inclusive, 1940
[Population figures from Federal
census
, Apr. 1, 1030]
Jurisdiction reporting
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
entering
Larceny-
theft
Auto
Over
$50
Under
$50
theft
Alaska:
First judicial division (Juneau) , population,
19,304; number of offenses known
Second judicial division (Nome), popula-
tion, 10,127; number of offenses known
1
1
17
3
4
47
6
1
14
4
16
7
1,618
25
16
807
109
101
68
850
24
3
115
14
6
26
87
29
1
1,559
192
179
367
2,487
3
Hawaii:
Honolulu City, population, 137,582; num-
ber of offenses known
Honolulu County, population, 65,341;
number of offenses known
5
1
3
1
203
197
26
Maui County, population, 56,146; number
of offenses known . . _
12
Isthmus of Panama: Canal Zone, population,
39,467; number of offenses known
30
Puerto Rico: Population, 1,543,913; number of
offenses known
64
134
Data From Supplementary Offense Reports.
The need for the adoption of more adequate measures to protect
nonresidence structures against burglary continues to be apparent
when it is seen that during the first 9 months of this year more
than half (52.9 percent) of all burglaries involved a store, warehouse,
office building, or some other type of nonresidence structure, and 89.4
percent of such cases occurred during the night. On the other hand,
only 63.4 percent of the residence burglaries occurred after nightfall.
The majority (56.9 percent) of the robberies during the period of
January-September of this year were classified as highway robberies.
On the other extreme, only 0.2 percent were bank robberies. The
classification of other robberies is as follows: commercial houses, 26.5
percent; oil stations, 8.7 percent; chain stores, 1.2 percent; residences,
3.9 percent; and miscellaneous, 2.6 percent.
An analysis of larcenies committed during the first 9 months of
1940 discloses that parked automobiles probably constitute the
greatest single problem in combating these offenses. During this
period, thefts of auto accessories represented 17.8 percent, and thefts
of other types of property from automobiles, 18.7 percent of all
larcenies. Bicycle thefts made up 15.3 percent of the total. In
studying the value of property stolen in larceny cases it was found
that 65 percent of the thefts involved property valued between $5
and $50. In 24.1 percent of the cases the property was valued at less
than $5, and the value of the property involved in the remaining 10.9
percent of the thefts was in excess of $50.
More than half (55.1 percent) of the offenses of rape reported were
classified as forcible in character.
The preceding analysis of offenses committed during the first 9
months of 1940 was made from supplementary offense reports for-
warded to the FB I by 54 cities with population in excess of 100,000,
and the figures upon which the percentages were based are presented
in table 67.
Table 67. — Number of known offenses with divisions as to the nature of the criininal
act, ti^ne and place of commission, and value of property stolen, January to Sep-
tember, inclusive, 1940; 54 cities over 100,000 in population
[Total population, 17,484,638,
as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census
Classifl cation
Number
of actual
offenses
Classification
Number
of actual
offenses
Eape:
Forcible.-- - . .-_
646
527
Larceny— theft (except auto theft)
(grouped according to value of article
stolen):
Over $50
Statutory
14 690
Total
1,173
$5 to $50 -- - - - -
87^ 673
Under $5
32,458
Robbery:
6, 402
2,988
986
132
436
24
293
Total
Highway- .
Commercial house -
134, 821
Larceny — theft (grouped as to type of
offense) :
Pocket-picking
Oilstation,- ._. _
Chain store -.. .
Residence
1,800
Bank- -- .-
Purse-snatching- - _
3, 876
Miscellaneous
Shoplifting
Thefts from autos (exclusive of auto
accessories)
Auto accessories
Bicycles- _-_
3, 732
Total
11,261
25, 188
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Residence (dwelling):
16,016
9,237
25, 371
3,002
23, 968
20, 649
Committed during night -
Another
55, 608
Total --
Nonresidence (store, office, etc.):
134, 821
Committed during night
Committed during day
Total
53. 626
135
The reports from 54 cities with popiiUxtion in excess of 100,000
received (luring tlie period of fT}inuarv-Se])teniber, 1940 s1iow<m1 27,796
automobiles stolen. The police departments in these cities, however,
effected recoveries in 27,178 (97.8 percent) of the cases as shown in
table 68.
Table 68. — Recoveries of stolen automobiles, January to September, inclusive, 1940;
54 cities over 100,000 in population
[Total population, 17,484,638, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Number of automobiles stolen 27, 796
Number of automobiles recovered 27, 178
Percentage recovered 97. 8
Property stolen amounted to $20,371,856.10 during the first 9
months of this year in 54 cities with over 100,000 inhabitants (total
population, 17,484,638), while recoveries during the same period
amounted to $13,549,753.29, or 66.5 percent of that stolen. Exclusive
of automobiles, propertv stolen in these cities was valued at $8,301,-
586.71, with 22.2 percent ($1,841,859.39) recovered. Automobiles
stolen were valued at $12,070,269.39, and recovered cars at $11,707,-
893.90. There are presented in table 69 figures indicating the value
of various types of property stolen and recovered in these 54 cities
with over 100,000 inhabitants.
Table 69. — Value of property stolen and value of property recovered with divisions
as to type of property involved, January to September, inclusive, 1940; 54 cities
over 100,000 in population
[Total population, 17,484,638, as estimated July 1, 1933, by the Bureau of the Census]
Type of property
Currency, notes, etc
Jewelry and precious metals
Furs
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles..
Miscellaneous
Total
Value of prop-
erty- stolen
$2, 121, 536. 91
1,954,920.44
350, 320. 38
979,981.72
12, 070, 269. 39
2, 894, 827. 26
20, 371, 856. 10
Value of prop-
erty recovered
$264, 184. 28
425, 268. 62
37, 064. 08
185, 700. 63
11,707,893.90
929, 641. 78
13, 549, 753. 29
Percent
recovered
12.5
21.8
10.6
18.9
97.0
32.1
66.5
PERSONS CHARGED, 1939
Persons Charged (Held for Prosecution), 1939, in Individual Cities With
More Than 25,000 Inhabitants.
The number of offenses reported during 1939 by individual cities
with popuhition m excess of 25,000 was presented m vokime X,
No. 4, table 89, of tliis publication. In table 70 of the current issue
of the bulletin all available figures are shown concerning persons
arrested and held for prosecution during 1939 for murder, robbery,
aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and auto theft, as reported by
police departments in cities with population in excess of 25,000.
It should be observed that the data in table 70 represent the
number of individuals arrested and held for prosecution, and should
not be treated as an index of the number of offenses committed, since
it is generally agreed that the most accurate index to the amount of
crime is a record of offenses known to the police. Tables 60 and 63
of this issue of the bulletin present crime rates based on this type of
information.
Table 70. — Number of persons charged (held for prosecution), January to December,
inclusive, 1939, cities over 25,000 in population
City
Akron, Ohio
Alameda, Calif
Albany, N. Y
Albuquerque, .N. Mex.
Allentown, Pa
Altoona, Pa
Amarillo, Tex
Arlington, Mass
Atlanta, Ga
Atlantic City, N.J
Auburn, N. Y
Austin, Tex
Bakersfield, Calif
Baltimore, Md
Bangor, Maine
Battle Creek, Mich..-.
Bay City, Mich
Beaumont, Tex
Belleville, 111
Belleville, N. J -..
Bellingham, Wash
Berkeley, Calif
Berwyn, 111
Beverly, Mass
Binghamton, N. Y
Bloomington, 111
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, Conn
Bristol, Conn
Brockton, Mass
Brookline, Mass
Buffalo, N.Y
Burlington, Vt
Cambridge, Mass
Canton, Ohio
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Central Falls, R. I
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
87
3
16
"74"
13
l
Robbery
42
11
5
1
7
1
6
172
28
14
23
354
4
5
15
17
2
4
393
IP
1
Aggra-
vated
assault
17
2
•1
5
70
2
277
86
1
54
15
777
5
2
65
1
3
4
4
7
163
6
9
10
0
64
138
2
24
16
10
12
2
3
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or entering
178
4
41
38
47
63
26
10
462
96
12
208
61
899
27
23
15
64
8
17
6
40
25
8
68
14
1,500
49
17
39
39
358
22
110
32
17
17
Larceny-
theft
340
25
55
287
59
68
109
37
1,224
324
58
302
180
2.053
53
61
81
38
16
!2
29
68
41
13
198
45
2,352
81
14
64
89
989
47
211
56
66
53
Auto
theft
51
3
30
14
16
18
17
7
214
26
2
34
29
414
5
17
13
6
2
4
2
14
3
10
9
21
720
19
2
9
16
169
12
76
11
14
4
(136)
137
Table 70. — Number of persons charged (held for prosecution), January to December,
inclusive, 1939, cities over 25,000 in population — Continued
City
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or entering
Larceny-
theft
Auto
theft
Charleston, S. C
Chelsea, Mass
Chester, Pa
Chicago, Ill.i
Chicopee, Mass. .--
Cicero, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland Heights, Ohio.
Clifton, N. J
Clinton, Iowa
Colorado Springs, Colo..
Columbus, Ga
Columbus, Ohio ^
Concord, N, H
Council Bluffs, Iowa
Covington, Ky.2
Cranston, R. I
Cumberland, Md
Dallas, Tex
Danville, 111
Danville, Va
Davenport, Iowa
Dayton, Ohio
Dearborn, Mich
Decatur, 111
Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa
Detroit, Mich
Dubuque, Iowa
Duluth, Minn
Durham, N. C
East Cleveland, Ohio
East Providence, R. I-..
East St. Louis, 111
Eau Claire, Wis
Elgin, 111
Elizabeth, N. J.>
Elkhart, Ind.' ♦
Elmira, N. Y
El Paso, Tex
Elyria, Ohio!'
Erie, Pa
Evanston, 111
Evansville, Ind
Everett, Mass
Everett, Wash
Fall River, Mass
Fargo, N. Dak
Fitchburg, Mass
Flint, Mich
Fond du Lac, Wis
Fort Smith, Ark
Fort Worth, Tex
Fresno, Calif
Gary, Ind
Glendale, Calif..
Grand Rapids, Mich
Granite City, 111
Green Bay, Wis
Greensboro, N. C
Greenville, S. C
Hackensack, N. J
Hagerstown, Md
Hamilton, Ohio
Hammond, Ind
Hamtramck, Mich
Harrisburg, Pa _.
Hartford, Conn
Highland Park, Mich
High Point, N. C
Hoboken, N. J.*
Houston, Tex
Huntington Park, Calif. .
Hutchinson, Kans
Indianapolis, Ind.'
Inglewood, Calif
12
12
176
1
41
55
I
19
1
46
2
15
14
6
6
47
1
1
6
16
^
34
2
3
1
2
20
9
8
"47'
15
29
16
22
1,284
272
255
2
5
3
6
11
61
19
4
1
69
1
12
6
48
8
16
47
20
296
3
22
11
1
25
3
9
1
3
39
12
1
9
7
1
29
2
15
58
20
31
22
15
2
16
10
6
3
11
3
4
31
23
9
10
6
196
100
1
153
6
26
1,084
3
170
78
7
4
3
24
66
1
27
1
206
3
48
3
73
2
3
18
35
173
3
56
2
124
3
3
37
3
1
43
4
6
26
19
5
1
4
7
33
1
14
19
30
32
2
9
2
2
22
31
29
6
4
7
4
39
87
4
198
4
268
1
2
144
2
130
57
86
1,060
10
11
619
624
22
16
9
14
88
151
10
74
35
34
30
288
11
29
29
235
17
41
163
124
374
15
22
67
9
21
71
8
8
75
16
15
139
1
56
37
101
35
23
80
13
24
125
17
23
229
102
48
43
78
10
33
118
42
37
17
31
12
24
48
125
52
250
45
436
29
14
341
29
329
127
185
3,455
26
40
1,328
760
22
16
7
31
179
333
39
182
28
70
47
1,037
18
162
182
403
95
93
3 617
289
795
36
178
316
18
39
109
23
27
126
44
38
479
17
106
176
64
78
121
152
57
35
158
35
110
661
270
170
71
262
4
134
298
185
29
73
99
113
32
120
362
110
262
58
1,080
53
83
501
61
31
20
80
186
3
3
181
219
7
5
1
6
8
64
13
50
11
8
22
4
12
31
67
22
18
157
96
120
19
15
19
3
2
2
6
5
12
3
12
33
1
20
8
40
2
8
34
12
11
57
16
6
66
47
21
32
50
7
13
44
6
3
2
23
10
9
18
78
28
36
8
450
17
2
144
23
See footnotes at end of table.
138
Table 70.^ — Number of persons charged {held for prosecution) , January to December y
inclusive, 1939, cities over 25,000 in population — Continued
City
Irvington, N. J.i
Jackson, Miss
Jacksonville, Fla
Jamestown, N. Y
Jersey City, N. J
Joliet, 111
Kalamazoo, Mich
Kansas City, Mo
Kenosha, Wis
Kingston, N. Y
Knoxville, Tenn
Kokonio, Ind
Lackawanna, N. Y
La Crosse, Wis. 2
La Fayette, Ind
Lakewood, Ohio
Lancaster, Pa
Lansing, Mich
Lawrence, Mass. 2
Lebanon, Pa
Lewiston, Maine ^
Lincoln, Nehr.^
Little Rock, Ark.*
Long Beach, Calif
Los Angeles, Calif
Lowell, Mass
Lower Merion Township, Pa.
Lynchburg, Va
Macon, Ga
Madison, Wis
Manchester, N. H
Mansfield, Ohio
Marion, Ohio
Massillon, Ohio
Maywood, III.2
Medford, Mass
Memphis, Tenn
Michigan City, Ind
Middletown, Conn
Middletown, Ohio
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn
Mishawaka, Ind.'
Moline, 111
Monroe, La
Montgomery, Ala.i
Mount Vernon, N. Y
Muncie, Ind
New Albany, Ind
Newark, N. J
Newark, Ohio
New Bedford, Mass
New Brunswick, N. J
Newburgh, N. Y
New Haven, Conn
New London, Conn
New Orleans, La
Newport, Ky
Newport News, Va. ...
New Rochelle, N. Y
Newton. Mass
Niagara Falls, N. Y ..
Norfolk, Va. '
Norristown, Pa
North Bergen, N. J
Norwood, Ohio '.
Oakland, Calif
Oak Park, 111
Ogden, Utah
Oklahoma City, Okla
Omaha, Nebr
Orlando, Fla
Oshkosh, Wis
Paducah, Ky
Parkersburg, W. Va
Pasadena, Calif
Pensacola, Fla
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
4
52
10
1
48
28
1
12
1
42
i
16
24
50
7
28
1
3
1
22
76
1
5
1
1
1
22
Robbery
2
8
10
3
13
78
2
34
8
672
3
22
7
7
12
9
19
9
12
514
3
7
4
10
1
1
9
7
11
2
117
3
2
6
66
61
7
5
10
10
2
2
1
105
3
2
5
21
1
130
24
4
6
8
54
2
6
66
7
10
60
30
3
10
2
2
21
Aggra-
vated
assault
5
23
222
1
61
6
2
381
6
117
2
10
1
1
11
8
3
1
1
16
47
12
204
5
2
57
116
3
151
2
fi
13
46
23
5
6
104
3
10
5
233
6
6
4
6
6
9
249
17
64
43
32
145
10
3
1
29
2
3
55
14
38
14
9
11
44
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or entering
20
90
277
21
123
36
18
858
27
15
171
31
13
27
17
15
22
16
48
11
18
29
233
61
712
41
60
31
67
17
34
23
17
10
3
14
253
12
4
13
539
167
16
4
39
99
17
35
10
285
32
89
15
21
100
20
248
89
106
18
38
38
143
31
13
1
194
20
57
85
95
45
5
16
39
104
174
Larceny-
theft
16
305
925
58
67
39
71
1,518
111
8
408
127
36
106
70
13
46
56
62
73
98
76
486
201
722
106
109
112
197
77
116
71
85
35
13
»38
767
147
4
70
1,551
595
59
52
149
635
23
102
40
562
5
181
36
37
212
176
947
67
222
49
50
78
435
47
4
10
537
44
156
330
474
174
12
61
55
335
175
See footnotes at end of table.
139
Table 70.- — Nu7nber of perso^is charged {held for prosectition) , January to Decnutx i
incbisivf, 1939, cities over 25,000 in ■population — Continued
City
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary— Larceny — j Auto
breaking theft I theft
or entering
Peoria, 111
Petersburg, Va
Philadelphia, Pa
Pittsficld, Mass.
Plainfiold, X. J
Ponti;u'. Mich
Port Arthur, Tex
Portland, Maine
Portland, Oreg..
Portsmouth, Va
Poughkei'psie, N. Y...
Providence, R. I.i
Pueblo, Colo
Quincy, I1L_
Racine, Wis -.
Revere, Mass
Richmond, Va
Riverside, Calif
Rochester, N. Y
Rockford, ni....
Rome, N. Y
Royal Oak, Mich
Sacramento, Calif
Saginaw, Mich.^
St. Joseph. Mo.i
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn
St. Petersburg, Fla
Salem, Mass
Salem, Oreg
San Angelo, Tex
San Antonio, Tex
San Bernardino, Calif _
San Diego, Calif.'
San Francisco, Calif__.
San Jose, Calif
Santa Ana, Calif
Santa Barbara, Calif. _
Santa Monica, Calif. . .
Savannah, Ga
Schenectady, N. Y
Scranton, Pa
Seattle, Wash
Sheboygan, Wis
Sioux Citv, Iowa
Sioux Falls, S. Dak.'__
Somerville, Mass
South Bend, Ind
Spokane, Wash. 2
Springfield, 111
Springfield. Mass
Springfield, Mo
Springfield, Ohio
Steuben ville, Ohio
Superior, Wis
Syracuse, N. Y
Tacoma, Wash
Terre Haute, Ind.'
Toledo, Ohio
Topeka, Kans
Trenton, N. J.2
Troy, N. Y...
Tucson, Ariz
University City, Mo..
Utica, N. Y...
Waco, Tex
Waltham, Mass
Warren, Ohio
Washington, D. C
Washington, Pa
Watertown, N. Y
West Allis, Wis
West Hartford, Conn.
West Orange, N. J
Wheeling, W. Va
9
121
9
13
34
4
3
3
52
5
3
2
19
3
3
18
1
1
1
2
13
10
3
2
2
1
3
49
31
3
344
2
5
9
10
70
47
2
6
2
14
2
5
130
1
23
9
2
47
9
7
141
36
3
7
2
8
63
16
19
178
22
1
11
34
9
3
12
30
3
2
12
9
20
10
9
7
7
7
5
13
14
12
54
9
8
9
17
6
6
7
7
534
7
37
83
562
4
11
26
18
5
28
13.5
18
30
4
4
4
10
422
11
40
7
1
1
25
7
7
149
3
7
2
1
13
668
8
19
218
13
6
13
6
17
15
54
2
6
10
25
11
18
3
15
10
7
5
5
18
50
5
48
18
14
2
8
122
4
9
479
3
4
18
1
6
66
31
1,400
15
9
22
17
49
337
126
22
106
32
23
44
44
331
11
103
26
13
9
63
29
34
364
87
100
26
18
29
169
64
50
498
53
33
50
50
97
77
89
125
27
24
5
51
67
45
72
273
101
.54
29
49
111
75
71
204
76
61
20
36
17
61
74
15
15
1,279
6
26
9
22
15
30
212
226
1,503
48
41
57
150
160
573
322
58
228
85
145
90
83
930
23
288
138
63
19
406
54
42
826
400
219
139
33
32
771
138
169
1,019
160
46
141
56
323
152
1S3
270
72
57
27
120
146
163
173
421
184
236
4
104
320
245
162
695
54
115
82
130
37
131
365
59
95
2, 376
33
90
60
23
13
51
11
14
771
22
18
13
5
25
94
3
9
59
5
(«)
1
12
136
8
71
27
1
11
35
13
15
74
135
19
22
10
18
23
90
232
. 41
10
19
13
13
13
46
41
6
15
2
21
26
11
1
86
14
32
9
35
31
56
55
89
12
7
1
9
2
7
21
8
1
294
8
2
1
2
3
17
See footnotes at end of table.
140
Table 70. — Number of persons charged {held for prosecution) , January to December,
inclusive, 1939, cities over 25,000 in population — Continued
City
Murder,
noimegll-
gent man-
slaughter
Bobbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or entering
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Auto
theft
White Plains, N. Y...
Wichita, Kans
Wilkes-Barre, Pa.i....
WUkinsburg, Pa.
Wilmington, Del
Winston-Salem, N. C.
Woodbridge, N. J
Worcester, Mass
Wyandotte, Mich
Yonkers, N. Y.i
Zanesville, Ohio
4
15
2
1
1
2
4
13
10
6
23
20
2
25
2
11
7
12
27
50
527
4
10
2
32
19
93
28
51
177
176
10
177
26
33
22
109
540
86
50
541
477
25
269
27
76
14
1
13
23
13
31
22
3
47
7
7
22
' Juveniles not included.
2 Complete data for juveniles not included. ^
3 Includes persons charged with buying, receiving or possessing stolen property.
* Figures represent the number of charges placed against persons arre.'ited.
5 Includes persons charged with embezzlement and fraud.
6 Complete data not available.
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
Source of Data.
There were 459,167 arrest records (fingerprint cards) examined by
the Federal Bureau of Investigation during the first 9 months of
1940. Through this examination it was possible to obtain informa-
tion relative to the age, sex, race, and previous criminal history of the
persons who were arrested for violation of State laws and municii)id
ordinances. All fingerprint cards relating to persons arrested for vio-
lation of Federal statutes were excluded. Similarly, all records re-
ceived from penal institutions were excluded for the reason that in
most instances fingerprint cards had previously been rcceiv(Ml from the
arresting agency.
The data presented do not purport to represent all persons airested,
since the Federal Bureau of Investigation does not receive a finger-
print card for each individual taken into custody. Likewise, the
number of persons arrested should not be interpreted as determining
the quantity of oft'enses committed, as the arrest of one ])erson may
solve several cases while, on the other hand, two or more indivichials
may be responsible for the commission of only one oft'ense.
Offense Charged.
Persons arrested during the first 9 months of 1940 for nuu-der,
robbery, assault, burglary, larceny, and auto theft represented more
than 27 percent of the fingerprint cards examined.
In this respect, the following tabulation sets forth the arrests for
major violations during this period:
Criminal homicide 1 t. 727
Robbery 9, 9-"jt;
Assault 25, 291
Burglar\ ■ — breaking? or entering 27, 020
Larcenv — theft (excluding auto theft) 47. 428
Auto theft 10. OSn
Embezzlement and fraud 14, !)!)!
Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing 2, 749
Arson _ ^23
Forgery and counterfeiting 5, 197
Rape 4, 190
Narcotic drug laws 3. S(M»
Weapons (carrying, possessing, etc.) 4, 220
Driving while intoxicated -O. '*.».<
Gambling ^- 'J'^
Total 191.844
Sex.
The number of males arrested during tli<> first 9 months of l',»4()
exceeded the number of females in all types of crime, with (he excep-
tion of commercialized vice. This is showni by furth(>r study of the
459,167 arrest records. Of this total, 420,r)21 (91.6 percent) repre-
sented males arrested. whih> •^HM^) (S.4 i)ercent) wer(> females taken
into custody. The number of females arr(>sted is an increase over the
same period in 1939, when the percentage of females was 7.5.
A comparison of an average group of 1.000 mah's arrested with
1 000 females arrested, disclosed thai females were chiuged more
frequently with murder, assault, use of narcotic drugs, and liquor
(141)
142
violations than males. However, males exceeded females in crimes
against property, such as robbery, burglary, and auto theft.
Table 71. — Distribution of arrests by sex Jan. 1-Sept. SO, 1940
Oflense charged
Number
Percent
Total
Male
Female i Total Male Femalr
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault ---
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson —
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
Other sex offenses...
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Oflenses against famOy and children...
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated -.
Road and driving laws...
Parking violations
other trafhc and motor vehicle laws. . .
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy...
Gambling. __
Suspicion
Not 'itated -..
All other offenses
Total
4,727
9,956
25,291
27,020
47,428
10, 089
14, 991
2,749
823
5,197
4,490
6,942
7,195
3,800
4,220
5,853
7. 514
20. 953
4,421
33
7,097
22,209
83, 377
41,673
10,110
47,812
3,308
29, 889
459, 167
4,205
522
1.0
1.0
1.4
9,510
446
2.2
2.3
1.2
22. 904
2.387
5.5
5.4
6.2
26, 549
471
5.9
6.3
1.2
43, 587
3.841
10.3
10.4
10.0
9,941
148
2.2
2.4
.4
14, 182
809
3.3
3.4
2.1
2,546
203
.6
.6
.5
760
63
.2
.2
.2
4,871
326
1.1
1.2
.8
4,490
1.0
1.5
1.1
.4
1,923
5,019
13.0
6,212
983
1.6
1.5
2.5
2,414
1,386
.8
.6
3.6
4,032
188
.9
1.0
.5
5,668
185
1.3
1.3
.5
6, 151
1.363
l.R
1.5
3.5
20. 380
573
4.6
4.8
1.5
4.348
73
1.0
1.0
.2
33
(')
(1)
6,930
167
1.5
1.6
.4
19, 418
2,791
4.8
4.6
7.2
77, 982
5.395
18.2
18.5
14.0
38, 1C5
3,568
9.1
9.1
9.3
9.491
619
2.2
2.2
1.6
42, 751
5. 061
10.4
10.2
13.1
3,076
232
. 1
. 7
.6
28,162
1,727
6.5
6.7
4.5
420, 621
38. 546
100.0
100.0
100.0
1 Less than 'in of 1 percent.
Age.
The arrest records reviewed during the first 9 months of 1940
indicate that persons of 19 years were most frequently taken into
custody. This group was followed by those of 21, 22, 18, and 23
years, respectively. While fluctuations are to be expected, it is
interesting to note that age 19 has led in the majority of the compila-
tions of this nature since 1932.
The tabulation below sets forth the number of arrests in the five
age groups mentioned above:
\orQ- Number of arrests
19 18. 990
21 18, 302
22_ 18,299
18 17, 877
23 17, 843
There were 81,031 (17.6 percent) youthful offenders arrested during
the first 9 months of 1940 under 21 years of age. Those between
21-24 years old increased this sum by 71,183 (15.5 percent), making
a total of 152,214 persons arrested under 25 years of age.
Extending the analysis to the age group 25-29 enlarged the number
of arrests made by another 75,613 (16.5 percent), making an aggregate
of 227,827 (49.6 percent) persons arrested less than 30 years old. (It
must be remembered that the number of fingerprint cards received
by the Federal Bureau of Investigation representing those arrested
under 21 years of age is incomplete, as some communities do not
fingerprint youthful offenders.)
143
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144
Youths less than 21 years old were frequently charged with offenses
against property, particularly robbery, burglary, larceny, and auto
theft. This is clearly indicated by the following tabulation:
Table 73. — Percentage distribution of arrests by age groups
Age group
All
ofienses
Criminal
homicide
Kobbery
Burglary
Larceny
Auto theft
Under 21
17.6
32.0
25.6
15.2
9.5
0.1
12.2
36.1
26.9
14.8
9.9
0.1
28.9
44.4
19.1
5.8
1.8
0.0
44.9
32.7
14.9
.5.3
2.1
0.1
32.3
32.5
19.7
10.1
6.3
0.1
52.6
21-29 . -
33.0
30-39
10.9
40-49
2.8
50 and over .--.--
0.7
Unknown
0.0
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
The predominance of youthful persons among those charged with
offenses against property is further indicated by the fact that 118,253
persons of all ages were arrested for crimes against property (robbery,
burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement and fraud, forgery and
counterfeiting, receiving stolen property, and arson) during the first
9 months of 1940, and 38,185 (32.3 percent) of those persons were
less than 21 years old.
Further indication of the large part played by youthful persons in
the commission of crimes against property is seen in the figures show-
ing that 33.2 percent of all persons arrested were less than 25 years
of age. However, persons less than 25 years old numbered 53.6
percent of those charged with robbery, 63.9 percent of those charged
with burglary, 49.8 percent of those charged with larceny, and
72.7 percent of those charged with auto theft. More than one-half
of all crimes against property during the first 9 months of 1940 were
committed by persons under 25 years of age.
145
146
Table 74.^ — Number and percentage of arrests of persons under 25 years of age^
Jan. 1-Sept. 30, 1940
Oflense charged
Total num-
ber of
persons
arrested
Criminal homicide-
Robbery.
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering.
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice..
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children...
Liquor laws „
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws...
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion.
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
4,727
9,956
25, 291
27, 020
47, 428
10, 089
14, 991
2,749
823
5,197
4,490
6.942
7.195
3,800
4.220
5,853
7,514
20,953
4,421
33
7,097
22,209
83, 377
41, 673
10, 110
47,812
3,308
29,889
459, 167
Number
under 21
years of
age
576
2,874
2,914
12, 146
15,313
5,306
1,056
546
163
781
1,187
474
995
335
767
298
574
834
744
3
1,333
3,085
3,253
6,740
544
10, 249
462
7,479
81,031
Total num-
ber under
25 years
of age
1,366
5,337
6,891
17, 253
23, 606
,339
3,264
998
273
1,717
2,186
2,167
2,080
962
1,532
1,131
1,553
3,190
1,820
10
2,905
6,796
10, 447
13,471
1,612
18, 786
941
12, 581
152, 214
Percentage
under 21
years of
age
Total per-
centage un-
der 25 years
of age
12.2
28.9
11.5
45.0
32.3
52.6
7.0
19.9
19.8
15.0
26.4
6.8
13.8
8.8
18.2
5.1
7.6
4.0
16.8
9.1
18.8
13.9
3.9
16.2
5.4
21.4
14.0
25.0
17.6
28.9
53.6
27.2
63.9
49.8
72.7
21.8
36.3
33.2
33.0
48.7
31.2
28.9
25.
36.
19.
20.
15.
41.
30.
40.9
30.
12.
32.
15.
39.
28.
42.
33.2
147
Criminal Repeaters.
The extent to which persons with knowni criminal tendencies con-
tinue to violate the law is indicated by the fact that 230,423 (more
than one-half) of the persons arrested during the first 9 montlis of
1940 had previously been fingerprinted and cards covering them were
on file in the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In addition, there were
5,101 current records received containing reference to past criminal
activities, although no fingerprint cards were on file prior to 1940.
This increases the total to 235,524 persons arrested durhig the first 9
months of 1940 concerning whom there was on file information dealing
with prior arrests, and the records showed that 158,121 of these persons
had previously been convicted one or more times. Convictions of
51 percent of these individuals were based on major violations, as
indicated in the following tabulation:
Criminal homicide 1, 239
Robbery 5, 778
Assault 8, 175
Burglary 15, 944
Larceny and related offenses 35, 538
Arson 172
Forger}'- and counterfeiting 3, 761
Rape 1,029
Narcotic drug laws 2,917
Weapons (carrying, possessing, etc.) 1, 656
Driving while intoxicated 4, 973
Total 81, 182
Many of the 158,121 persons with prior conviction records had been
convicted more than once. The records for them showed a total of
425,654 prior convictions, 177,381 of which were for the commission of
major crimes.
148
Table 75. — Nianber of cases in which fingerprint records show one or more prior
convictions, and the total of prior convictions disclosed bij the records, Jan. 1-
Sept. 30, 1940
O flense charged
Xumber of
records show-
ing one or
more prior
convictions
Xumber of ; Xumber of 'Total number
prior convic- prior convic- of prior con-
tions of major .tions of minor; victions dis-
oflenses i oflenses j closed
I
Criminal homicide..
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud..
Stolen property; bujlng, receiving, etc.
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice..
Other ses oflenses...
Xarcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Oflenses against family and children
Liquor laws... _
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other oflenses..
Total
937
1,142
765
1,907
3,951
6,368
3,747
10, 115
7,446
8,972
7,693
16,665
9,228
15,a46
8,043
23.389
15, 435
25,365
18, 394
43,759
3,108
4,631
2,374
7,005
5,003
7.764
4,114
11, 878
675
958
564
1,522
171
179
118
297
1,991
3,411
1,263
4,674
1,087
1,337
816
2,153
2,450
3,750
1,991
5,741
1,661
2,106
1,555
3,661
1,793
4.331
1,787
6, lis
1,187
1,648
1,053
2,701
1,358
1,401
1,202
2,603
2,406
1,583
3,649
5,232
4,830
4,246
4,943
9,189
845
700
795
1, 495
6
8
8
16
1,778
1,681
1,971
3. 652
7,467
6,634
13,908
20,542
35,446
21,372
91,150
112, 522
18,888
17,608
39.468
57, 076
2,063
2,289
1,743
4,032
15,106
19, 247
19,540
38, 787
1,392
1,910
1,549
3,459
10, 413
11,394
14,070
25,464
158, 121
177. 381
248,273
425,654
149
Race.
Excluding Mexicans, who numbered 17,115, members of the wliitc
race represent 332,852 of the 459,167 arrest records received, whih'
103,760 were Negroes, 2,650 Indians, 766 Chinese, 325 Japanese, and
1,699 all others.
In order to properly study the relationship between the number of
whites arrested as compared with the number of Negroes, it becomes
necessary to employ the 1930 decennial census, which reflects that
there were 8,041,014 Negroes, 13,069,192 foreign-born wliites, and
64,365,193 native whites in the United States. All persons under 15
years of age were excluded from the preceding population figures.
However, the immediate descendants of foreign-born whites have been
treated as native whites.
There were 1,290 Negroes arrested and fingerprinted during the
first 9 months of 1940 of each 100,000 Negroes hi the geiionil popula-
tion of the United States, while the corresponding figure for native
whites was 474, and for foreign-born wliites, 151.
Size of Fingerprint File.
At the end of September 1940, there were 14,031,423 fingerprint
records and 14,938,314 index cards contammg the names and aliases
of mdividuals on file in the Identification Division of the FBI. Of
each 100 fingerprint cards received during the first 9 months of 1940,
more than 61 were identified with those on file in the Bureau. Fugi-
tives numbering 5,741 were identified through fingerprint records dur-
ing the first 9 months of 1940, and interested law-enforcement officials
were immediately notified of the whereabouts of those fugitives. As
of September 30, 1940, there were 11,036 police departments, peace
ofiicers, and law-enforcement agcnicies throughout the United States
and foreign countries voluntarily contributing fingerprints to the
FBI.
OFFENSE CLASSIFICATIONS
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in part I and
part II offenses, there follows a brief definition of each classification:
Part I Offenses.
1. Criminal ho7nicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter includes all
wilful felonious homicides as distinguished from deaths caused by negligence.
Does not include attempts to kill, assaults to kill, suicides, accidental deaths, or
justifiable homicides. Justifiable homicides excluded from this classification are
limited to the following types of cases: (1) The killing of a felon by a peace officer
in line of duty. (2) The killing of a hold-up man by a private citizen. (6) Man-
slaughter by negligence includes any death which the police investigation estab-
lishes was primarily attributable to gross negligence on the part of some individual
other than the victim.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape (no force used — victim under
age of consent), assault to rape, and attempted rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as strong-arm robbery, stick-ups,
robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by the use of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safecrack-
ing, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or a theft, even though no force was
used to gain entrance. Includes attempted burglary. Burglary followed by
larceny is included in this classification and not counted again as larcel)J^
6. Larceny — theft (except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value, (b)
Under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, thefts of bicycles, automobile accessories,
shoplifting, pocket-picking, or any stealing of property or article of value which
is not taken by force and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement,
"con" games, forgery, worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the so-called joy-riding thefts. Does not include
taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unauthorized use
by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
Part II Offenses.
8. Other assaults. — Includes all assaults and attempted assaults which are not
of an aggravated nature and which do not belong in class 4.
9. Forgery and counterfeiting.— Includes offenses dealing with the making,
altering, uttering, or possessing, with intent to defraud, anything false which ls
made to appear true. Includes attempts.
10. Embezzlement and fraud. — Includes all offenses of fraudulent conversion,
embezzlement, and obtaining money or property by false pretenses.
11. Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing. — Includes buying, receiving,
and possessing stolen property as well as attempts to commit any of those offenses.
12. Weapons: carrying, possessing, etc. — Includes all violations of regulations
or statutes controlling the carrying, using, possessing, furnishing, and manufactur-
ing of deadly weapons or silencers and all attempts to violate such statutes or
regulations.
13. Prostitution and commercialized z^ice.— Includes sex offenses of a commercial-
ized nature, or attempts to commit the same, such as, prostitution, keeping bawdy
house, procuring, transporting, or detaining women for immoral purposes.
14. Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution and commercialized vice). — In-
cludes offenses against chastity, common decency, morals, and the like. Includes
atteinpts.
(150)
151
15. OffeiLses against the family and children. - Includes offenses of nonsupjiort,
neglect, desertion, or abuse of family and children.
1(). Xarcotic drug laws. — Includes offenses relating to narcotic drugs, such as
unlawful possession, sale, or use. Exclude Federal offenses.
17. Liquor laws. — With the exception of '* Drunkenness" (class 18) and "Driving
while intoxicated" (class 22), liquor law violations, State or local, are placed in
this class. Exclude Federal violations.
18. Drunkenness. — Includes all offenses of drunkenness or intoxication.
19. Disorderly conduct. — Includes all charges of committing a breach of the
peace.
20. Vagrancy. — Includes such offenses as vagabondage, begging, loitering, etc.
21. Gambling. — Includes offenses of promoting, permitting, or engaging in
gambling.
22. Driving while intoxicated. — Includes driving or operating any motor vehicle
while drunk or under the influence of liquor or narcotics.
23. Violation of road and driving laws. — Includes violations of regulations with
resjiect to the proper handling of a motor vehicle to prevent accidents.
24. Parking violations. — Includes violations of parking ordinances.
25. Other violations of traffic and ynotor vehicle laws.- — Includes violations of
State laws and inunicii)al ordinances with regard to traffic and motor vehicles
not otherwise provided for in classes 22-24.
26. All other offerises. — Includes all violations of State or local laws for which
no provision has been made above in classes 1-25.
27. Suspicion. — This classification includes all persons arrested as suspicious
characters, but not in connection with any specific offense, who are released with-
out formal charges being placed against them.
o
f D^ 0 > o ^n^-o
UNIFORM
CRIME
REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
/SSUfD BY THE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
WASHINGTON, D. C
Volume XI
Number 4
FOURTH QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1940
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume XI— Number 4
FOURTH QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1940
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department ol Justice
Washington, I). C.
■fis
ADVISOKY
Internationul Atui«>ciali«ii of <hiifM..r ^'»\ic»
I'MTKl) STATKS
(;t)VKKNMKNT l>KIMIN«. <»KK1<K
WASHINGTON : lyil
CONTENTS
Page
Summary of volume XI, No. 4 153-155
Classification of offenses 156
Extent of reporting area 156-159
Monthly reports:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population
(table 76) 160-161
Monthly trends, offenses known to the police, 1940 (tables 77-78) _ 161-169
Annual trends, offenses known to the police, 1931-40 (table 79) 170-171
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location
(tables 80-82) 172-177
Offenses in individual cities over 25,000 in population (table 83) 178-185
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police (tables 84-85) 186
Offenses known in Territories and possessions (table 86) 187
Data from supplementary offense reports (tables 87-90) 188-197
Traffic deaths and offenses of manslaughter by negligence (table 90a) _ 197-199
Estimated number of major crimes, 1939-40 (table 91) 200-202
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1940:
Sex distribution of persons arrested (table 92) 204
Age distribution of persons arrested (tables 93-97) 205-2 1 2
Number and percentage with previous fingerprint records (tables
98-99) 213-215
Number with records showing previous convictions (tables 100-103) . 216-222
Race distribution of persons arrested (tables 104-107) 222-225
Index to volume XI 228-229
(II)
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department
of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume XI January 1941 Number 4
SUMMARY
Estimated Number of Major Crimes, 1939-40.
The estimated number of serious crimes in the United States during
1940 was 1,517,026. This represents an increase over the 1939 figure
of 32,472 (2.2 percent).
For individual ofJ'cnse classes increases were shown during 1940 as
follows: Murder, 0.3 percent; negligent manslaughter, 0.7 percent;
rape, 2.5 percent; aggravated assault, 0.1 percent; burglary, 1.7
percent; larceny, 3.3 percent. Decreases were shown as follows
during 1940: Robbery, 3.3 percent; auto theft, 0.3 percent.
Crime Trends, 1931-40.
The average number of crimes annually during 1936-40 was in
many instances substantially lower than the average annual number
of offenses during 1931-35. Comparison of the two sets of 5-year
averages reveals the following decreases: Murder, 15.2 percent;
negligent manslaughter, 14.6 percent; robbery, 26.8 percent; burglary,
9.5 percent; auto theft, 35.3 percent. On the other hand, increases
were shown in the following classes: Rape, 35.9 percent; aggravated
assault, 1.5 percent; larceny, 11.4 percent.
Although the comparison of the two sets of 5-year averages reveals
decreases in many classes, it should be noted that the 1940 figures
showed increases in all ofi'ense classes except robbery and auto theft,
continuing an upward trend which was also reflected by the 1939
figures as compared with 1938. There is definite evidence of an
upward trend during 1939 and 1940 which is particularly noticeable in
offenses of rape, burglary, and larceny. Robbery and auto theft
figures, however, continued to decline.
Monthly Variations in Crimes.
Crime is generally found to vary with the seasons. Robberies,
burglaries, and auto thefts reached their peaks during the fall and
winter months. The daily average for robbery was lowest in July
and highest in December. Similarly the daily average for auto thefts
was lowest in July and highest in November. Burglaries occurred
with least frequency in June and were most numerous in December.
(153)
154
The seasonal variation in crimes against property during the past
several years has been most marked in the case of robberies and least
noticeable with reference to larcenies. ,
The monthly figures for 1940 reflect a rather general upward trend
in offenses of murder, rape, and aggravated assault during the second
and third quarters of the year, with a tendency to drop somewhat
during the last quarter. However, the daily average for murder
during the fourth quarter was higher than for the preceding portions
of the year.
The factors contributing to the commission of various types of
crimes are subject to constant change, and for this reason many law
enforcement agencies study not only seasonal crime variations but
also monthly, weekly, daily, hourly, and geographical variations in
the incidence of crime within their jurisdiction.
The monthly larceny figures for 1940 show an upward trend through-
out the year. These figures indicate the possibility of a continued
increase in larcenies during 1941.
Distribution of Crimes by Type.
Almost 96 percent of the crimes reported were for the purpose of
obtaining property. More than one-half (59.1 percent) were larce-
nies, 22.3 percent burglaries, 11.1 percent auto thefts, and 3.4 percent
robberies. The remaining 4.1 percent were murders, negligent man-
slaughters, rapes, and other felonious assaults.
Owners of automobiles and bicycles might well take greater pre-
cautions to protect their property against thieves, for half of all
larcenies reported were thefts of bicycles or thefts of some type of
property from automobiles.
The majority (65.3 percent) of larceny offenses involved property
valued from $5 to $50; in 25.3 percent of the cases the property was
valued at less than $5; and the property was valued in excess of $50
in 9.4 percent of the cases.
More than one-half (58.4 percent) of the robberies were classed
as highway robberies. Gasoline filling stations, chain stores, and other
commercial houses, were the scenes of 34.7 percent of the robberies.
Burglaries of nonresidence structures constituted 54.5 percent of
the total burglaries reported; 91 percent of the nonresidence burglaries
occurred during the night, whereas 65.2 percent of the residence
burglaries were committed at night.
Property stolen from the victim in an average robbery durmg 1940
was valued at $102.89. The average value of the loot stolen in bur-
glaries was $54.43, and the average larceny, unaccompanied by the
elements of robbery or burglary, involved property valued at $26.33.
The average automobile stolen was valued at $421.19. Ninety-six
percent of the automobiles stolen and 26 percent of all other types of
stolen property were recovered.
155
("rime Rates.
With few exceptions, the averatjo city with more than 100,000
inhabitants has more crime jx'f unit of popuhition than tlie avera<i;o
city with popuhition unck'r 1 00, 000. Tlie bulletin includes crime
rates for cities divided by location and size so that police executives
iuul interested individuals may compare local crime figures with
national and regional averages. Crime rates for individual states
;uui figures for individual cities with over 25,000 inhabitants arc
also presented.
The amount of crime varies among the several States and larger
geographic divisions. Burglary, larceny, and auto theft rates for the
Pacific states are somewhat higher than those in other sections of the
nation. On the other hand, murder and felonious assault rates are
highest m the South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South
Central states. These variations reflect the fact that the amount of
crime in a community, like other social phenomena, is affected by
many factors.
Persons Arrested.
During 1940 the Federal Bureau of Investigation examined 609,013
fingerprint arrest records of which 240,680 were arrests for major
violations.
The proportion of women represented by fingerprint arrest cards
1ms been increasing. During 1940 women were represented by 8.5
percent of the total records, wdiereas the con-esponding figure for 1939
was 7.6 percent, and for 1938 it was 6.8 percent.
For males and females combined, age 19 predominated in the fre-
quency of arrests and was followed by ages 21 and 22, respectively.
For males alone age 19 predominates and is followed by ages 18, 21,
and 22 in frequency of arrests. For females, however, the largest
nund)er of arrests was for age 22, followed by ages 23 and 24.
The percentage of the total persons arrested who were less than
21 years old was 17.4 in 1936, 18.0 in 1937, 18.8 in 1938, 18.9 in 1939,
and 17.5 in 1940.
During 1940, 28.8 percent of the robbery arrests, 44.8 percent of
the burglaiy arrests, 32.0 percent of the larceny arrests, and 53.3
percent of the auto theft arrests involved persons less than 21 years old.
The presence of the problem of the criminal repeater was indicated
by the following figures: 50 persons arrested for criminal homicide dur-
ing 1940 had records of prior convictions of murder or manslaughter;
311,222 of the persons arrested and fingerprinted during the year had
prior records on file showing that 206,484 of them had been convicted
previously of one or more crimes. The total of such prior convictions
was 540,847.
156
CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES
The term ''offenses known to the poUce" is designed to inchide those
crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification occm--
ring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known to the
police through reports of poHce officers, of citizens, of prosecuting or
court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the following group
of seven classes of grave oft'enses, shown by experience to be those
most generally and completely reported to the police: Criminal homi-
cide, including (a) mm'der, nonnegligent manslaughter, and (6) man-
slaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated assault; burglary —
breaking or entering; larceny — theft; and auto theft. The figures
contained herein include also the number of attempted crimes of the
designated classes. In other words, an attempted burglary or robbery,
for example, is reported in the bulletin in the same manner as if the
crime had been completed. Attempted murders, however, are
reported as aggravated assaults.
"Oft'enses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the law-enforce-
ment agencies of contributing communities and not merely arrests or
cleared cases. Complaints which upon investigation are learned to be
groundless are not included in the tabulations which follow.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out as
current information which may throw some light on problems of
crime and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
In the last section of this bulletin may be found brief definitions of
part I and part II offense classifications.
EXTENT OF REPORTING AREA
In the table which follows there is shown the number of police de-
partments from which one or more crime reports were received during
the calendar year 1940. Information is presented for the cities divided
according to size, and the population figures employed are from the
1940 decennial census.
Total
number
of cities
or towns
1,077
Cities filing returns
Total pop-
ulation
Population repre-
sented in returns
Population group
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
1,005
93.3
62, 715, 897
61, 542, 171
98.1
1. Cities over 250,000 .
37
55
107
213
665
37
55
104
210
599
100.0
100.0
97.2
98.6
90.1
30, 195, 339
7, 792, 650
7, 343. 917
7, 417, 093
9, 966, 898
30, 195. 339
7, 792, 650
7, 152, 965
7. 321, 370
9, 079, 847
100.0
2. Cities 100,000 to 250,000
100.0
3. Cities 50,000 to 100,000
97.4
4. Cities 25,000 to 50,000
98.7
5. Cities 10,000 to 25,000
91.1
Note.— The above table does not include 1,742 cities and rural townships aggregating a total population
of 9,021,169. The cities included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 population filing returns, whereas
the rural townships are of varying population groups.
157
158
The growth in the crime-reporting area is evidenced by the following
figures for 1930-40:
Year
Number of
cities
Population
Year
Number of
cities
Population
1930
1931 - -
1,127
1,511
1,578
1,658
1,799
2,156
45, 929, 965
51, 145, 734
53, 212, 230
62, 357, 262
62, 757, 643
64, 615, 330
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
2,318
2,429
2,662
2,698
2,747
65, 639, 430
66, 279. 987
19.32
1933
1934
1935
67, 555, 972
67, 964. 488
70, 563, 340
The foregoing comparison shows that during 1940 there was an
increase of 49 cities contributing as compared with 1939. The increase
in the population represented by contributing police departments
during 1940 over 1939 amounted to 2,598,852. However, this increase
in population resulted only in part from the 49 cities whose police
departments joined the uniform crime reporting program last year;
the major portion of the increase is attributable to the use of 1940
population figures in showing the aggregate population of the 2,747
cities. For years prior to 1940, the aggregate population of the cities
represented is shown in terms of the 1930 decennial census, with the
exception that for cities over 10,000 in population the 1933 estimates
of the Bureau of the Census were used.
In addition to the 2,747 city and village police departments which
forwarded crime reports during 1940, one or more reports were received
during that year from 1,609 sheriffs and State police organizations
and from 13 agencies in Territories and possessions of the United
States. This makes a grand total of 4,369 agencies contributing
crime reports during 1940.
The following tabulation indicates the status of the reporting area
last year by States. Although 49 more police departments contributed
crime reports during 1940 than during 1939, this tabulation indicates
that the percentage of urban police departments contributing last
year was smaller than the percentage for 1939. The same is true for
many of the individual States. This is due to the fact that as a result
of the 1940 decennial census there was a substantial increase in the
number of communities classed as urban, and the police departments
in many of these new urban communities have not had an opportunity
to become fully acquainted with the procedure to be followed in the
preparation of the moutlily crime reports. Inasmuch as the informa-
tion concerning the reclassification of the cities as urban was not
available in most instances until January 11, 1941, it was not feasible
to enroll as contributors during 1940 the communities newly classed
as urban.
15U
Status of reporting area,
Uniform Crime Reports, 1940
, by States
Urban police departments '
County sheriffs
State
Number
of cities
Number
cities
contrib
uting
Percent
contrib-
uting
Number
of counties
Number
counties
contrib-
uting
Percent
contrib-
uting
Alabama
59
16
53
167
30
32
8
1
70
78
26
208
98
89
64
56
54
26
24
122
125
78
48
87
23
36
5
18
178
22
203
76
12
186
74
34
356
19
50
19
57
196
25
14
53
40
45
93
12
28
10
30
152
26
28
5
1
46
32
21
176
82
72
59
36
28
22
16
111
115
73
23
47
18
31
4
14
148
12
191
47
12
160
47
24
291
18
23
16
28
79
20
14
36
36
30
73^
9
47.5
62.5
56.6
91.0
86.7
87.5
62.5
100.0
65.7
41.0
80.8
84.6
83.7
80.9
92.2
64.3
51.9
84.6
66.7
91.0
92.0
93.6
47.9
54.0
78.3
86.1
80.0
77.8
as. 1
54.5
94.1
61.8
100.0
86.0
63.5
70.6
82.0
94.7
46.0
84.2
49.1
40.3
80.0
100.0
67.9
90.0
66.7
78.5
75.0
67
14
75
58
63
8
3
22
8
29
44
49
8
3
32.8
Arizona
57. 1
Arkansas ;
California
38.7
75.9
Colorado..
77.8
Connecticut >
Delaware ' .....
100.0
100.0
1 ) ist rict ol Columbia
Florida
67
161
44
102
92
99
105
120
64
16
23
14
83
87
82
114
56
93
17
10
21
31
62
100
53
88
77
36
67
5
46
69
95
254
29
14
100
39
55
71
23
28
51
40
69
52
77
85
36
44
12
7
14
69
78
28
43
46
70
14
2
4
14
47
28
47
66
46
26
67
5
9
44
25
82
26
7
39
30
55
39
18
41.8
Georgia
31.7
Idaho
90.9
Illinois .
67.6
Indiana
56.5
Iowa .
77.8
Kansas . ..
81.0
Kentucky
30. 0
Louisiana . .
68.8
Maine
75.0
.Maryland
Massachusetts • ...
30.4
100. 0
Michigan ^ .
83. 1
Minnesota
89.7
Mississippi
34. 1
Missouri . .
37.7
Montana
82. 1
.Vebraska..
75. .S
Nevada .. . _
82.4
New Hamijshire
20.0
New Jersey ' _
■ 19.0
New Mexico
New York '
45.2
75.8
.North Carolina
28.0
North Dakota
88.7
Ohio
75. 0
Oklahoma
.19.7
(Jregon
72. 2
Pennsylvania'
100. 0
Rhode Island '
1(K). 0
South Carolina
19.6
South Dakota
63.8
Tennessee
Texas
26.3
32. 3
Utah.
89.7
Vermont
50. 0
Virt-'inia
39.0
Wasliington
76.9
West Virginia >
KM). 0
\V isconsin
54.9
Wyoming. .. .
78.3
Total
3,464
<2,620
75.6
3.072
« 1. 752
57.0
1 The Census Bureau's 1940 cla,ssifieatioii of eoninuiiiities as urban and rural has been followed. Gener-
ally. ineori)<jrate<l places with |>opulations of 2,.5(Kl or more are ela.ssified as urban.
'' \\\ counties were counted as contributors because the State police contribiUe data for rural iiortions
of the State.
^ State police also contribute.
* Does not iticlude 127 rural village police departments.
' Includes I.V2 counties for which State police submit crime reports. SheritTs f.f those counties do not
coiitriliute reports. Does not include '.» State police organizations eontrit)Uting reports.
-.^431(1 41-
MONTHLY REPORTS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population.
Since the collection and tabulation of police statistics on a national
scale first began over 10 years ago, the montlily reports received at
the FBI during each year have generally shown more crimes per unit
of population in the large cities than in the smaller places. The year
1940 followed this precedent.
Again last year the one usual exception was noted. The highest rate
for aggravated assaults was not for the largest cities but for those with
population from 50,000 to 100,000. This is probably due, at least to
some extent, to the large number of such crimes committed in cities
of that population range in the vSouth Atlantic, East South Central,
and West South Central States.
Although the highest rate for offenses of rape was experienced in
cities with population in excess of 250,000, the next highest rate was
noted in the reports received from cities with population from 2,500
to 10,000.
The number of offenses reported during 1940 and the rate per 100,000
inhabitants for all population groups are presented in table 76. The
table is based on reports received from 2,001 cities with a total popu-
lation of 65,128,946, according to the 1940 decennial census. The
cities have been grouped into six classes according to size in order
that interested individuals may compare local crime rates with national
averages for cities of approximately the same size. Table 82 lists
similar figures divided further on a regional basis.
Of all the crimes tabulated in table 76, crimes against property
(larceny, burglary, auto theft, and robbery) total 95.9 percent. The
remainder are murders, manslaughters, rapes, and other felonious
assaults. Below appears a percentage distribution of the crimes:
Offense
Rate per
100,000
Percent
Offense
Rate per
100,000
Percent
Total
1, 566. 3
100.0
Robbery _ _
52.5
45.8
8.9
5.4
4.4
3.4
Aggravated assault
Rape ---
2 9
926.3
348.4
174.6
59.1
22.3
11.1
.6
Murder _ _
.3
Aiito thf^ft
Manslaughter
.3
In order that the low percentage of offenses committed against
the person may not be misleading, attention is directed to the fact
that the cities represented in table 76 reported 3,509 murders, 2,768
negligent manslaughters, 5,799 rapes, and 29,803 aggravated assaults.
Although only 3.4 percent of the crimes reported were classed as
robberies, these cities reported 34,220 such offenses (thefts from the
person accompanied by the element of force or threat of force).
The estimated total of serious crimes committed in the United
States last year is presented in table 91.
(160)
161
Table 76.- Offcufici^ known to the police, Janunry to December, inclusive, 1940;
number and rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 deceiinial census]
Population group
GROUP I
36 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 29,894,166:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
OROUP II
55 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,792,660:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
OROUP m
100 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 6,929,998:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
191 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 6,666,956:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V
516 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 7,820,022:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
1,103 cities under 10,000; total pop-
ulation, 6,025,154:
Number of offenses known. . . .
Rate per 100,000 _
TOTAL, GROUPS I-VI
2,001 cities; total population,
6.5,128,946:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000.
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
1,816
6.1
610
6.5
396
6.7
230
3.4
308
3.9
249
4. 1
3,500
6.4
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
1 1,611
6.7
383
4.9
254
3.7
240
3.6
146
1.9
134
2.2.
'2,768
4.4
Rape
3,407
11.4
665
7.1
461
fi. 7
.395
5.9
531
6.8
450
7.5
5,799
8.9
Rob-
bery
22, 336
74.7
3,960
50.8
2,618
37.8
2, 145
32.2
1, 823
23.3
1,338
22.2
34,220
62.5
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
15, 036
50.3
4,187
53.7
4,419
63.8
2,383
35.7
2,128
27.2
1,660
27.4
29,803
46.8
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
2 81, 482
397.3
32, 604
418.4
25. 284
364.8
20,899
313.5
19,840
2.53.7
14, 107
234.1
2194,216
348.4
Lar-
ceny-
theft
2 213,073
1, 039. 0
83,314
1. 069. 1
68, 839
993.3
63,556
963.3
56, 566
710.6
32,008
531.2
2 516, 356
926.3
Auto
theft
60,842
203. S
16,281
208.9
11,651
168.1
10, 646
158.2
8,681
111.0
5,703
94.7
113, 704
174.6
' The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports as follows: Group
I, 35 cities, total population, 28,.389,889; groups I-VI, 2,000 cities, total population, 63,624,669.
2 The number of offen.ses and rate for burglary and larceny— theft are based on reports as follows: Group I,
34 cities, total population, 20, .507,837; groups I-VI, 1,999 cities, total population, 55,742,617.
Monthly Trends, Offenses Known to the Police (Daily Average), 1940.
Crime is? generally found to vary with the seasons. This is reflected
in the monthly reports received during 1940 from cities with more
than 25,000 inhabitants. A study of these reports indicates a rath(>r
general upward trend in ofi"ensos of murder, rape, and aggravated
assault during the second and third quarters of the year, with a tend-
ency to drop somewhat during the last quarter. However, the daily
162
■■111.-. JL* '■■I MMimimiJ)...! JJiglMpff^^M
1"
®
®
@
®
©
t
%
5
\
(
\
/
^
/
r
000*001 M3d 3iTa
1— (
O
163
avorajjo for niurdor diii-ing' tlic loui'tli (|iuir(('j' was iii<i;lu'r than for tlie
preceding" portions of tlie year.
During 1940 offenses of manslangliter by negligence showed a
marked seasonal variation with tlie high points in the first and fourth
quarters of the year. This confirms the experience of prior years and
is to be expected inasmuch as the frequency of automobile fatalities
has generally been highest during the first and fourth quarters of the
year as the result of less favorable driving conditions. The large
majority of negligent manslaughters consists of automobile fatalities.
Robberies, burglaries, and auto thefts reached their peaks during
the fall and winter months. The daily average for robberies was
lowest in July and highest during December. Similarly, the daily
average for auto thefts was lowest in July and highest in November.
Burglaries occurred with less frequency in June than in any other
month and were most numerous in December.
The larceny figures show a rather consistent upward trend through-
out the year. This is somewhat at variance with the larceny data for
most of the preceding years, which have on the whole reflected a
lower number of larcenies during the summer months of the year.
The seasonal variation in the number of crimes against property
(robbery, burglary, larceny, and auto theft) has during the past several
years alw^ays been most marked in the case of robberies and least
noticeable with reference to larcenies.
In tables 77 and 78 figures are presented representing the daily
average of offenses committed each month in the cities represented.
The data are presented in table 77 for the cities divided into four
groups according to size, and in table 78 for the same cities divided
into nine groups according to location without regard to size.
Although there are rather definite seasonal trends in most types of
crimes, there are sufficient differences in the patterns of the variations
reflected by the data for the different groups of cities to indicate that
many factors influence the amount of crime in a coimnunity. (For a
list of some of these items see the text preceding table 83.)
The foregoing facts point to the need for each law enforcement
agency to compile and study its own figures regarding not only seasoiuil
crime variations but also monthly, weeldy, daily, hourly, and geo-
graphical variations in the incidence of crime within its jurisdiction.
The many forces contributing to the commission of crimes are not
static but are, on the other hand, subject to constant change, with the
result that those charged with the responsibility of combating crime
must persistently study its various manifestations in order to most
efficiently carry out a remedial program. It may be noted that many
police departments do regularly prepare and use the types of tabula-
tions mentioned for the purposes indicated.
164
In table 77 the larceny fig:iires for all four population groups show
an upward trend throug:hout the year. These figures may indicate
the likelihood of a continued increase in larcenies during 1941. In a
somewhat similar manner, the fact that the fourth quarter figures for
robbery and auto theft are higher than for any other three-month
period of 1940 indicates the possibility of general increases in robber-
ies and auto thefts during 1941 unless the factors causing the present
up-swing are curbed.
Table 77. —Monthly trends, offenses known to the -police, January to December,
inclusive, 1940, 382 cities over 25,000 in 'population, by population groups
Population figures from 1940 decennia
census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
entering
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Population group and
month
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
GROUP I '
36 cities over 250,000; total
population, 29,894,166:
January ._ ....
3.7
4.4
4.2
4.5
4.8
6.5
5.2
5.6
5.2
6.2
4.1
5.0
5.0
4.3
4.2
5.7
3.8
4.2
3.2
3.8
4.5
4.0
4.6
5.6
7.5
9.9
9.2
8.3
9.2
9.7
9.7
9.5
9.1
11.1
9.7
8.8
65.2
68.4
65.3
.57.4
56.0
55.0
51.2
51.1
55.6
61.6
70.2
75.7
32.5
34.2
38.4
42.3
43.4
44.1
43.2
46.2
45.6
44.6
38.7
39.5
217.7
242.4
232.9
228.4
211.7
207.0
205.4
216.1
213.2
214.5
234.2
249.1
499.9
542.6
568.3
574. 0
574.5
570. 3
575. 4
604.4
593.7
633.5
636.6
611.8
159.0
February
169.1
March
168. 5
April
162.3
May .
157.7
.Tune
155.9
July
154.4
August
154. 5
September ...
162.4
October
178.7
November
184.9
December .
187.7
January to March
April to June.
4.1
5.3
5.3
5.1
• 5.0
4.5
4.5
3.8
4.7
4.4
8.8
9.1
9.4
9.9
9.3
66.3
56.1
52.6
69.2
61.0
35.1
43.3
45.0
41.0
41.1
230.7
215.7
211.5
232.6
222. 6
536.8
573.0
591.1
627.2
582.2
165.4
158.6
July to September
October to December
January to December —
157.0
183.8
166.2
GROUP 11
55 cities, 100.000 to 250,000;
total population, 7,792,650:
January .
1.2
1.0
1.4
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.8
1.4
.8
1.1
.7
.9
.9
.4
. 7
1.2
1.2
2.0
1.3
1.1
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.4
2.2
1.5
12.5
14.5
12.1
10.7
10.8
9.1
7.8
10.5
8.8
8.7
10.9
13.5
9.3
10.3
9.7
10.2
10.5
12.9
12.8
13.7
13.0
11.4
11.4
12.2
83.5
93.6
91.3
91.6
89.6
82.1
86.7
90.0
90.3
87.4
92.5
90.7
205.7
224.5
229.2
230.5
224.4
217.0
226.3
225.2
226.9
247.6
239.5
234.9
41.4
February . ._
46.6
March
44.8
April
45.6
May
43.2
June
43.1
July
35.9
August
41.4
September
45.0
October
46.8
November
51.5
December _. _
48.7
January to March
April to June
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.1
.9
.8
1.5
1.0
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.5
13.0
10.2
9.1
11.0
10.8
9.8
11.2
13.2
11.7
11.4
89.4
87.8
89.0
90.2
89.1
219.7
224.0
226.1
240.7
227.6
44.2
44.0
July to September
October to December
January to December _ .
40.7
49.0
44.5
See footnote at end of table.
165
Table 77.- Monthly trends, offenses known to the police, Jannary to December,
inclusive, 1940, 382 cities over 25,000 in population, by population groups — Con.
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
entering
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Population group and
month
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
GKOUP in
100 cities, 50,000 to 100,000;
total population, 6,929,998:
January
February
March. _ _
0.8
.8
.9
1.0
.9
.9
1.4
1.1
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.5
0.8
.7
.8
.8
.7
.8
.5
.5
.6
.5
.7
I.O
0.8
1.5
.9
1.7
1.7
1.1
1.5
1.6
1.1
.8
1.2
1.2
7.5
7.3
7.1
6.7
6.0
6.9
7.3
7.5
6.3
6.1
7.5
9.8
9.6
9.7
11.4
12.8
12.3
13.9
12.7
13.5
13.1
12.8
10.4
12.6
62.6
73.0
80.3
74.2
70.5
61.5
70.5
67.5
65.8
61.5
69.1
72.5
160.3
181.4
189.7
195.0
191.0
183.2
189.9
188.2
186.6
199.2
199.3
193.1
28.2
32.1
33.1
April . .
33. 1
May . _ .-
30.2
June
29.7
July
26.5
August
27.9
September
.32.0
October
36.2
November
37.1
December..
35.9
January to March
April to June
July to September
October to December
January to December
.8
.9
1.3
1.2
1.1
.7
.8
.5
.7
.7
1.1
1.5
1.4
1.0
1.3
7.3
6.5
7.0
7.8
7.2
10.2
13.0
13.1
12.0
12.1
72.0
68.8
68.0
67.7
69.1
177.1
189.8
188.3
197.2
188.1
31.1
31.0
28.8
36.4
31.8
GROUP IV
191 cities, 25,000 to 50,000;
total population, 6,666,9.^6:
January
February ...
.7
.6
.5
.6
.9
.7
.6
.4
.3
.8
.4
1.0
.6
.6
1.0
.7
.6
.6
.5
.4
.7
.5
.6
1.0
1.1
.8
1.1
.9
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
.7
5.8
5.9
6.5
5.1
4.4
4.4
5.2
6.2
6.6
5.6
6.0
8.6
5.5
6.0
.5.5
6.2
5.5
8.3
7.4
6.6
7.2
6.6
7.4
6.0
.50.5
61.3
59.3
61.7
54.5
52.8
56.7
57.6
.58. 5
54.7
.56.9
60.9
146.5
155. 6
169.9
176.3
179.3
166.5
165.9
168.9
183.1
190.3
190.4
190.6
27.6
29. 1
March
31. ,5
April
27.0
May
29.2
June
25.8
July
25.1
August
26.8
September.
28.5
October
30.2
November
32.7
December
32.2
January to March
April to June
.6
.7
.5
.7
.6
.7
.6
.5
.7
.7
1.0
1.0
1.4
. 1.0
1.1
6.1
4.6
6.0
6.7
5.9
5.7
6.6
7.1
6.7
6.5
56.9
56.3
57.6
57.5
57.1
157.4
174.1
172.5
190.4
173.7
29.4
27.4
July to September
October to December
January to December
26.8
31.7
28.8
TOT.M., GROUPS I-IV '
382 cities, total population,
51,283,770:
January .
6.5
6.8
7.1
7.2
7.9
9.5
8.6
8.7
8.5
9.8
6.9
9.3
7.9
6.3
7.0
7.9
6.0
6.6
4.7
5.4
6.9
6.2
7.9
8.8
10.5
13.5
12.8
12.5
13.2
13.4
14.1
14.4
13.0
14.5
14.0
12.2
91.1
96.0
91.0
79.8
77.2
75.4
71.5
75.3
77.2
82.0
94.6
107.6
56.9
60.3
64.9
71.5
71.6
79.1
76.1
80.1
78.9
75.4
67.9
70.3
414.3
470.4
463.8
455.9
426.4
403.4
419.4
431.2
427.8
418.0
452.7
473.3
1,012.4
1,104.1
1,157.1
1,175.8
1,169.2
1,137.1
1.1,57.5
1, 186.7
1, 190.3
1,270.5
1,265.7
1,230.4
256.2
February
276. 9
March
277.8
April
2fa. 1
May
260. 3
June
254. 5
July
241.9
.\ugust
250. 7
Sei)tomber -
267. 9
October
292.0
November
306.2
December
304.6
January to March
April to June
6.8
8.2
8.6
8.7
8.1
7.1
6.8
5.7
7.7
6.8
12.2
13.0
13.8
13.6
13.2
92.6
77.5
74.6
94.7
84.9
60.7
74.0
78.3
71.2
71.1
449.0
428.5
426.1
447.9
437.9
1,090.9
1.160.8
1,178.0
1,255. <
1,171.5
270.2
261.0
.Inly to September
October to December
■lanuary to December
253.3
300.9
271.4
' Daily averages for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports a,s fr)Ilows: Group I, 35 cities, total
population, 28, .389,889; Groups I-IV, 381 cities, total population, 49,779,493. Daily averages for burglary
and larceny are based on reports as follows: Group I, 34 cities, total population, 20,,507,837; Groups I-IV,
.380 cities, total population, 41,897,441.
1(30
ftjS
s
hi
CO
00
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to
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o
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o
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o '
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u
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o
E-
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3 9 V 8 3 A V
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oo o o o o
3 9 V a 3 A V
A 3 I V a-
oo oo o o o o o o g
tO<M OCT) CD r- U5 in 1 rO 1%
■imBBi
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■nBnn
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z
O
"""TIT
/'
1
AINST THE PERS
1 V-^-.
t
1
1 1 !
H
\
1
1 1
6
I i
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'._„|l._ l1
1 ^
t
^_ i
5
11
•ENSES
'4
GENT
AUGHT
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H^l^^^^^l
O
IHSHIB
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3 9 V y 3 A V
A "I I V a
167
I^ABLE 78." — Mojithbj trends, offenses known to the police, January to December, in-
clusive, 1940, 382 cities over 26,000 in ■population, by geographic divisions
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Geographic division and
month
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
NEW ENGLAND
.'■)4 cities over 25,000; total
population, 4,380,313:
January
0.2
. 1
(>)
. 1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
0.6
.3
.3
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
. 1
.2
.8
.5
0.6
.7
1.0
.5
1.0
1. 1
.8
.9
1.1
.8
1.0
.5
2.2
3.0
2.8
2.0
2.1
1.7
2.3
1.8
2.0
1.9
2.2
1.9
1.5
1.9
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
.9
1.3
32.8
37.6
36.8
40.4
34.4
34.2
34.6
35.8
35.4
33.4
30.6
32.5
60.0
56.7
65. 2
74.8
83.7
77.0
75.9
74.1
79.0
84.4
81.0
75.4
24 5
February
23 5
March . . .
26 4
April
27 1
May
25 1
June ...
25 7
July
21 7
August .
20 3
September
October.
26.7
25 9
November
December
26.5
26.7
January to March
April to June
July to September
October to December
January to December....
.1
.1
.1
.2
.1
.4
.3
.2
.5
.3
.8
.8
.9
.8
.8
2.7
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.2
1.4
35.7
36.3
35.3
32.2
34.9
60.7
78.5
76.3
80.2
74.0
24.8
26.0
22.8
26.4
25.0
MIDDLE ATLANTIC 2
72 cities over 25,000; total
population, 15,450,932:
January.. .....
.9
1.4
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.2
1.5
3.1
3.1
3.3
4.5
3.2
3.2
2.3
2.8
.3.6
2.5
3.3
2.9
3.4
5.9
4.3
4.6
4.1
4.1
4.7
3.7
3.7
5.3
5.1
4.2
12.3
14.6
14.3
11.7
12.2
10.2
9.0
11.2
10.7
10.9
13.0
13.7
12.7
14.1
11.3
13.9
16.4
15.3
16.8
16.6
17.4
14.9
12.8
12.5
41.5
48.3
52.4
53.2
51.7
44.7
47.6
49.7
45.3
48.6
54.4
53.5
72.9
72.1
77.0
85.9
94.6
88.8
91.9
88.4
87.3
101.7
95.7
93.0
63 0
February
63 8
March
67 6
April
63 6
May
62 5
June
65 6
July....
61 3
August
60 5
September..
68 1
October
73 7
November
December
80.3
83 2
January to March
April to June
July to September
October to December
January to December
1.1
1.4
1.7
1.4
1.4
3.2
3.6
2.9
2.9
3.2
4.5
4.3
- 4.1
4.8
4.4
13.7
11.4
10.3
12.5
12.0
12.7
15.2
16.9
13.4
14.6
47.4
49.9
47.6
52.2
49.3
74. 1
89.8
89.2
96.8
87.5
64.8
63.9
63.3
79.1
67.8
EAST NORTH CENTRAL
99 cities over 25,000; total
population, 13,050,945:
January
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.4
2.5
1.6
1.9
1.5
1.8
1.4
1.7
1.5
1.1
1.1
1.0
.9
1.0
.9
.6
.9
1.1
1.2
1.4
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.7
3.5
3.7
3.5
4.2
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
33.9
35.7
33.4
29.7
31.3
30.0
29.7
31.8
31.4
35.3
39.6
44.3
10.0
10.8
10.9
13.9
13.4
13.7
14.0
15.5
13.8
14.6
10.9
13.6
107.8
123.3
130.0
133.9
125.7
120.0
119.7
120.3
119.1
119.5
131.5
139.3
259. 3
286.4
315. 1
356. 3
363.1
363.8
358.9
374.2
372.0
414.8
364.8
346.4
49 6
February...
54 4
March
57 2
April
55 7
May
.59 4
June
53 3
July..
August
49. 8
53 0
September
51 1
October . . .
60 2
November
December
58.9
58.4
January to March
April to June
1.5
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.2
1.0
.8
1.2
1.1
2.8
3.3
3.7
3.6
3.4
34.3
30.5
30.9
39.7
33.9
10.6
13.7
14.4
13.1
12.9
120.3
126.5
119.7
130.1
124.2
286.9
361.1
368.3
375. 4
348.1
53.7
56 2
July to Sc|>tember
October to December
January to December....
51.3
59.2
55.1
See footnotes at end of table.
294316°— 41-
168
Table 78. — Monthly trends, offenses known to the police, Jantmry to December, in-
clusive, 1940, 382 cities over 25,000 in population, by geographic divisions — Con.
Geographic division and
month
WEST NORTH CENTRAL
28 cities over 25,000; total
population, 3,624,359:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January to March
April to June
July to September
October to December
January to December...
SOUTH ATLANTIC 3
44 cities over 25,000; total
population, 4,496,808:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January to March
April to June
July to September
October to December..
January to December...
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL
18 cities over 25,000; total
population, 1,838,946:
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
Decern her
January to March
April to June .
July to September
October to December...
January to December. .
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
0.3
.3
.4
.3
.4
.4
.5
.5
.2
.4
.2
.4
.3
.4
.4
.3
.4
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.6
2.0
2.2
1.9
1.6
1.9
2.7
1.9
2.7
1.5
1.9
1.8
2.5
1.9
.9
.7
.7
.9
1.3
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.0
.8
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.0
1. 1
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
.3
.2
.2
.3
.2
.7
.6
.7
. 7
.5
.6
.3
.4
.5
.4
.6
1.0
.7
.6
.4
.7
.6
Rape
0.3
.8
.6
.4
.8
.6
.6
.6
1.0
.9
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.4
.8
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.1
Rob-
bery
4.2
5.2
5.3
4.4
4.8
4.7
4.1
3.7
3.7
4.1
5.1
4.9
4.9
4.7
3.8
4.7
4.5
11.7
11.8
11.8
10.0
7. 7
7.1
8.0
8.6
9.5
9.0
10.7
14.2
11.8
8.3
8.7
11.3
10.0
6.5
5.8
5.4
5.6
4.3
4.2
3.3
3.4
4.3
4.4
5.6
6.0
5.9
4.7
3.7
5.3
4.9
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
0.9
1.3
1.4
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.7
.9
2.6
1.2
1.9
1.3
1.7
1.5
13.4
12.9
15.2
17.4
16.2
18.6
17.4
17.7
18.7
18.2
16.9
18.1
13.8
17.4
17.9
17.7
16.7
7.3
9.2
13.2
10.8
11.8
14.0
12.0
15.8
13.9
13.2
13.4
10.8
9.9
12.2
13.9
12.4
12.1
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
20.5
30.1
30.6
29.8
28.8
26.3
24.7
30.1
28.9
29.6
28.9
31.6
27.0
28.3
27.9
30.1
28.3
55.5
70.5
58.5
54.2
52.5
49.7
51.7
54.5
54.5
52.7
59.1
60.8
61.3
52.2
53.6
57.5
56.1
25.8
30.9
31.9
28.1
26.3
25.0
27.5
27.7
32.3
27.3
30.7
31.4
29.5
26.4
29.1
29.8
28.7
Lar-
ceny—
theft
71.3
94.8,
100.7
108.0
110.5
100.1
98.5
101.7
106.1
110.4
103.1
97.8
106.3
102.1
103.8
100.2
143.6
166.6
164.7
154.3
142.4
139.1
141.6
147.2
150.1
155.3
180.9
183.2
158.1
145.3
146.3
173.0
155.7
44.5
58.9
64.6
54.1
53.2
53. 1
52.9
51.6
55.0
56.1
61.4
62.2
56.0
53.5
53.2
59.9
55.6
See footnotes at end of table.
169
Table 78.- — Monthly trends, offenses known to the police, January to December, in-
clusive, 1940, S82 cities over 25,000 in population, by geographic divisions- — Con.
tieopraphif divisioii and
month
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary-
break -
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Auto
theft
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL
25 citios over 25,000; total
population. 2,889,823:
January
. February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
January to March
April to June
July to September
October to December...
January to December- _
MOUNTAIN
11 cities over 25,000; total
population, 835,805:
January
February
March
April.-
May
June.
July
August...
September
October.
November
December
January to March
April to June
July to September
October to December...
January to December. .
PACIFIC '
31 cities over 25,(XHJ; total
population, 4, 715, 839:
January
February
March
April..
May
June
July
AuRust
September
October
November
December
January to March
April to June
July to September
October to December....
January to December...
1.0
.9
.7
.7
.9
.9
1.1
.9
1.0
1.0
.8
.8
.9
.9
1.0
.9
.9
(0
0.5
.2
.1
.3
.2
.3
.2
.2
.3
.5
.4
.5
0.4
.8
.5
.9
.7
.9
.7
1.0
.5
.5
.6
.5
5.8
6.6
4.8
3.5
3.9
5.0
3.1
2.9
3.8
3.3
4.3
5.9
5.7
6.0
6.8
8.1
6.1
8.2
8.0
8.1
7.5
7.2
7.8
6.5
35.3
38.9
37.2
37.1
35.6
32.8
34.2
32.5
29.0
27.3
27.8
33.1
.3
.3
.2
.5
.3
5.7
4.1
3.3
4.5
4.4
6.2
7.4
7.9
7.2
7.2
37.1
35.1
31.9
29.4
33.4
(')
(')
.1
.1
.1
(')
.1
.1
.1
.3
.3
(0
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
,1
.3
.1
,1
,1
.9
1.2
.9
1.6
.8
1.1
1.5
2.3
1.7
1.0
1.5
1.9
9.3
8.3
7.8
9.1
7.0
7.9
9.7
11.7
10. 5
9.7
9.6
11.0
. 1
.1
.1
.2
.1
1.0
1.1
1.8
1.5
1.4
8.5
8.0
10.6
10.1
9.3
.7
.3
.5
.4
.4
.5
.3
.4
.7
.6
.7
1.2
1.4
1.4
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.3
.5
.4
.4
.8
.5
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.5
1.6
13.5
12.3
12.4
11.2
10.1
11.3
10.5
9.6
10.2
12.2
12.7
14.8
4.8
3.6
4.3
3.8
4.4
5.4
4.1
3.4
4.4
4.0
3.7
4.4
85.7
82.6
78.5
70.0
64.4
62.9
69.7
68.9
72.8
69.8
80.2
79.9
12.7
10.9
10.1
13.2
11.7
4.3
4.5
4.0
4.0
4.2
82.3
65.7
70.4
76.6
73.8
124.3
136.1
130.9
120.7
104.8
99.9
100. 1
101.8
97.7
108.2
123.9
133.5
130.3
108.4
99.9
121.8
115.1
31.1
36.0
,37.2
36. 0
38.3
32.2
35.6
35.7
33.6
37.3
39.1
37.3
34.7
35.5
35.0
37.8
35.8
205.4
196.3
201.7
185.7
178.6
183.1
202.0
212.0
209.6
202.5
215.9
201.8
201.2
182.4
207.8
206.6
199.6
14.6
15.0
14.1
12.3
12.8
11.6
13.7
11.4
11.8
13.8
15.2
18.0
14.6
12.2
12.3
15.7
13.7
5.5
4.9
4.0
5.7
6.9
4.4
4.4
4.8
.=). 5
4.9
5.4
5.1
4.8
5.7
4.9
5.1
5.1
50. I
51.4
50. 3
47. 5
44. (•)
44.3
43.9
47.4
48.2
52.7
53.7
51.3
50.6
45.5
46.5
52. 5
48.8
' Less than 0.1.
- Burglary and larceny— theft figures are based on reports from 70 cities with a total iiopulation of
6,064.603. ' '
' Includes reports from District of Columbia.
' .Manslaughter by negligence figures are based on reports from 30 cities with a total population of
3,211,562.
170
Average Yearly Number of Offenses Known to the Police, 1931-40.
The past 5 years have seen increases in offenses of rape, other
felonious assaults, and larcenies, while substantial decreases were
experienced in offenses of criminal homicide, robbery, burglary, and
auto theft.
Of the increases, rape was the most substantial. The average yearly
number of offenses of this type committed during the past 5 years
was 35.9 percent larger than the corresponding figure for 1931-35.
Larcenies continued to show a steady increase, and in examining the
average yearly number of offenses committed during 1936-40 an in-
crease of 11.4 percent was seen over the preceding 5 years. The
increase in aggravated assaults was slight, amounting to 1.5 percent.
The average annual murder figure during the past 5 years was 15.2
percent lower than the corresponding figure for the 5-year period
1931-35. Negligent manslaughters, too, showed a decrease of 14.6
percent.
Except for the increase in larcenies, property crimes showed
significant decreases as follows: Auto theft, 35.3 percent; robbery,
26.8 percent; and burglary, 9.5 percent.
The preceding statements are based on data presented in table 79
which includes average annual figures for two 5-year periods, 1931-35,
1936-40, based on reports received from 219 cities with population
in excess of 25,000. In addition the figures are presented for nine
subgroups, the cities being divided by location.
In evaluating the figures in table 79, reference should also be made
to table 91 which presents figures representing the estimated number
of major crimes in the United States during 1939 and 1940. Table
91 reflects increases during 1940 in all offense classes except robbery
and auto theft, and a similar upward trend was reflected during
1939 as compared with 1938. In other words, although the yearly
average number of crimes during 1936-40 was in many instances
considerably below the yearly average during 1931-35, there is
definite evidence of an upward trend during 1939 and 1940 which is
particularly noticeable in offenses of rape, burglary, and larceny.
Robbery and auto theft figures, however, continue to decline.
171
Table 79. — Average yearly number of offenses known to the police, for the periods
1931-35 and 1936-.',0; cities over 25,000 in population, by geographic division
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Qeographie division
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by neg-
ligence
Auto
theft
NEW ENGLAND
32 cities, total population,
3,281,694:
Yearly average: 1931-35..
Yearly average: 193(5-40. .
Percent change
49
38
-22.4
123
99
-19.5
222
235
+5.9
973
691
-29.0
601
476
-20.8
10,015
9, 233
-7.8
20,168
18, 681
-7.4
11,303
7,720
-31.7
MIDDLE ATLANTIC
35 cities, total population,
5,449,163:
Yearly average: 1931-35-.
Yearly average: 1936-40..
Percent change
243
190
—21.8
485
247
-49. 1
343
398
+ 16.0
2, 152
1,638
-23.9
2,708
2, 093
-22.7
14, 557
10,613
-27. 1
21, 995
22, 776
+3.6
11,137
8,788
-21. 1
EAST NORTH CENTRAL
69 cities, total population,
7,624,214:
Yearly average: 1931-35. .
Yearly average: 1936-40-.
Percent change
463
357
—22.9
263
264
+0.4
564
885
+56. 9
7,824
6,099
-22.0
3,267
3,014
-7.7
25, 938
26, 981
+4.0
78, 432
84, 142
+7.3
23, 355
15, 630
-33. 1
WEST NORTH CENTRAL
16 cities, total population,
2,652,339:
Yearlv average: 1931-35..
Yearly average: 1936-40- .
Percent change
183
111
-39.3
51
67
+31.4
138
1.52
+ 10. 1
3,044
1,326
-.56.4
753
450
-40.2
9,437
7,198
-23.7
21, 392
25, 39(1
+ 18.7
11.397
4,994
-55.3
SOUTH ATLANTIC
18 cities, total population,
3,003,349:
Yearlv average: 1931-35-
Yearly average: 1936-40-.
Percent change
369
393
-+-6.5
136
112
-17.6
161
254
+.57. 8
2,429
2,593
+6.8
2,663
3,718
+39. 6
12, 157
12, 847
+.5.7
26, 352
33, 097
+25. 6
10, 761
7. 942
-26.2
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL
5 cities, total population,
882,086:
Yearly average: 1931-35
Yearly average: 1936-40 .
Percen t change
226
195
-1.3.7
87
94
+K. 0
^ 33
54
+63.6
1,048
897
-14.4
1,611
1,428
-11.4
5,631
5, 344
-.5. 1
7,350
9,390
+27.8
3, 673
2, 391
-34.9
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL
15 cities, total population,
1,998,727:
Yearly average: 1931-35..
Yearly average: 1936-40-
Percent change
289
256
-11.4
90
97
+7.8
107
139
+29.9
1,859
1,173
-36. 9
1,170
1,682
+43.8
9,178
7,602
-17.2
18,914
22,395
+18.4
8,406
3.689
-56.1
MOUNTAIN
8 cities, total population,
707,180:
Yearly average: 1931-35..
Yearly average: 1936-40..
Percent change
37
31
-16.2
12
21
+75. 0
29
45
+.55. 2
937
392
-58.2
131
130
-.7
4,496
2,878
-36. 0
6,998
8,085
+15. 5
3,007
1.769
-41.2
PACIFIC
21 cities, total population,
2,579,573:
Yearly average: 1931-35..
Yearly average: 1936-40..
Percent change
91
81
-11.0
137
183
+33. 6
134
190
+41.8
2.573
1,916
-2.5. 5
693
806
+16.3
13,981
12. 728
-9.0
31. 461
3.5, 741
+ 13.6
12, 237
8,689
-29.0
TOTAL
219 cities, total population,
28,178,325:
Yearly average: 1931-35..
Yearly average: 1936-40.-
Percent change
1,948
1.6.52
-15.2
1,385
1, 183
-14.6
1,731
2,352
+35. 9
22,839
16, 725
-26.8
13, 597
13, 797
+ 1.5
105. 391
95, 424
-9.5
233,061
2.59, 697
+ 11.4
95, 276
61,611
-35. 3
172
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location.
The frequency with which crimes are committed varies among the
several States and larger geographic divisions. This is more noticeable
in some types of crimes than in others. For example, the burglary,
larceny, and auto theft rates for cities in the Pacific States are some-
what higher than those in some of the other States.
Murder and felonious assault rates, on the other hand, are highest
in the South Atlantic, East South Central, and West South Central
States.
To the student of criminal statistics the irregular distribution of
crimes among the various portions of the country is not surprising,
as it is well-recognized that the frequency of crimes, as well as other
social phenomena, including births, deaths, diseases, marriages, di-
vorces, automobile accidents, et cetera, is affected by a large variety
of factors.
For a discussion of some of the factors affecting the extent of crime,
reference may be made to the text preceding table 83.
In order that local officials and other interested individuals may
compare the local crime data with State and regional averages, such
figures are presented in tables 81 and 82. The number of cities used
in preparing the crime rates reflected in those tables is shown in table
80.
The States represented in each geographic division in table 82 are
of course the same as indicated in table 81. The population groups
shown in table 82 are the same as those shown in table 76, but are set
out here again for convenience:
Group I. Over 250,000 inhabitants.
Group II. 100,000 to 250,000 inhabitants.
Group III. 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants.
Group IV. 25,000 to 50,000 inhabitants.
Group V. 10,000 to 25,000 inhabitants.
Group VI. Under 10,000 inhabitants.
173
Table 80. — Number of cities in each State inchided in the tabulation of uniform
crime reports, January to December, inclusive, 19^0
Division and State
Population
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
2.';,ooo ! 10,000
to
50,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
Total
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New Encland: 178 cities; total population,
5,797,600
Middle Atlantic: 488 cities; total population,
19,001,711 - _ _.
East North Central: 492 cities; total popula-
tion, lfi.271,722
West North Central: 243 cities; total popula-
tion, 5,324,328
South Atlantic: ' 158 cities; total population,
5,465,573
East South Central: 70 cities; total popula-
tion, 2,294,258
West South Central: 108 cities; total popula-
tion, 3,640,172
Mountain: 84 cities; total population, 1,436,-
889
Pacific: 180 cities; total population, 5,896,633-.
New England:
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont-
Massachusetts
Rhode Island ^
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
Xew York -
New Jersey
Pennsylvania-
East North Central:
Ohio .-. _--.
Indiana
Illinois--.
Michigan.
Wisconsin
West North Centra):
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansiis
South Atlantic:
District of Columbia
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina-
South Carolina..
Oeorgia
Flori<la
East South Central:
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama -.
Mississippi
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma -
Texas. - -
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming ,
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington
Oregon
California
10
11
10
5
7
3
3
1
5
13
21
23
8
16
4
29
34
58
11
18
8
10
7
16
1
2
6
5
10
4
4
7
6
2
2
2
1
12
6
6
1(1
13
11
14
10
14
K
12
1
6
1
1
1
3
1
12
66
128
no
61
39
19
31
23
39
7
4
1
41
6
7
47
31
50
28
14
33
20
15
10
7
14
3
5
7
15
4
6
4
11
4
4
6
5
3
3
8
3
3
11
14
2
6
4
5
3
2
1
8
2
29
58
288
283
154
75
33
52
50
110
5
9
27
3
6
102
69
117
74
36
88
52
33
48
36
16
6
6
16
26
3
5
17
8
14
6
7
15
II
10
9
3
12
10
6
10
3
13
2
7
5
4
18
16
76
178
488
492
243
158
70
108
84
180
18
12
11
96
17
24
172
123
193
128
68
144
89
63
62
54
35
10
12
25
45
1
4
12
32
16
34
13
17
29
23
18
16
13
17
14
32
45
10
17
7
21
6
9
9
5
32
20
128
' Includes District of Columbia.
174
1/0
o
Table 81. — Number of offenses known to the police per 100,000 inhabitants, Janu-
nni to December, inclusive, 1940, by Stales
Division and State
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary-
breaking
or
entering
Lar-
cenv—
theft
Auto
theft
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New Kngland.
1.2
3.1
4.1
3.1
15.2
21.6
11.4
3.7
3.7
15.5
26.3
81.6
37.7
72.0
85.6
50.9
46.8
78.1
10.5
31.1
32.1
14.1
135.6
210.7
83.5
19.3
29.5
269.3
1 259. 0
326. 5
267.0
4;<0. 3
519. 2
405. 3
372. 5
522. 8
571.5
1 471. 0
891.7
912.2
1,175.7
1. 009. 4
1,316.9
1.429.3
1, 499. 1
172. 3
Middle Atlantic
Kast N'orth Central
14.5. 7
144 0
West N'orth Central
140. 2
South Atlantic'
222.6
Kast South Central
182.4
West South Central
15.5.4
Mountain
197. 6
Pacific . .
344.2
New England:
Maine .. .
11.6
7.2
6.9
18.4
8.3
13.9
16.3
37.3
41.3
66.8
63.6
123.1
73.6
10.9
26.6
21.3
61.6
19.3
14.3
21.0
40.8
33.1
46.0
64.8
44.4
51.4
69.6
82.8
92.2
. 83.3
120.8
53.1
50.0
65.5
28.9
63.4
53.2
47.4
28.4
33.5
51.6
30.0
71.1
39.4
68.4
50.4
83.8
83.0
9.3
9.9
310. 9
172.1
195.4
267. 2
246. 4
307. 6
3 179. 8
302. 1
«265.9
379.2
406.7
296.7
348. 0
149. 4
276. 1
218. 5
256. 8
217. 5
226.3
197. 3
407.9
319.6
220.0
451.7
.324.9
467. 2
524. 0
523.8
622.6
585. 1
489.9
549. 3
367. 4
327. 1
189.3
509.2
461.8
252.7
400.2
269.4
344. 1
341. 3
489.4
459. 3
401.0
534.2
6,54. 2
507.7
717. 5
434.2
640.4
527.4
494.8
753.2
3 474. 9
560.2
< 404. 3
1 , 024. 9
1,006.6
513. 3
1,3,59.2
761. 0
749.8
823.6
1,074.3
1,066.7
1.164.8
611.4
1. 076. 4
1. 083. 3
544.0
1, 428. 3
986.7
1,129.8
1, 354. 6
1.487.4
1.516.0
1.23,5.4
962.3
780.7
1.072.8
1, 101. 4
595. 0
1, 283. 0
1, 625. 1
1, 195. 5
1,458.6
1,080.0
1, 385. 5
1.759.8
2. 1.52. 6
1. i:i9. 3
1,818.5
1.367.0
1,660. 1
1, .509. 2
133.0
New Hampshire
1.4
.58.7
Vermont
75. 6
Massachusetts.- -..
1.0
1.3
2.1
2.9
2.6
3.8
4.8
4.0
5.0
3.2
1.3
1.1
1.0
6.5
.8
2.3
.8
3.0
1.6
8.6
I3.fi
10.7
21.5
16.6
28.8
14.6
15.9
25.8
25.6
14.2
9.8
12.6
8.2
12.2
5.2
2.0
6.2
3.1
3.2
4.9
4.5
9.1
9.9
17.2
28.4
4.1.3
30.2
28.2
35.1
36.6
40.7
5.6
11.6
7.6
20.5
6.7
1.5
14.5
15.4
69.4
81.2
171.1
107.6
318.2
203.9
108.9
101.9
128.6
300.4
212.7
132.9
58.2
86.9
56.5
94.2
24.5
8.8
12.4
18.3
34.2
31.7
10.7
42.5
14.7
10.3
34.3
191.7
Rhode Island
116.3
Connecticut
186. 0
Middle Atlantic:
New York
136.8
New Jcrsev
157. 5
Pennsylvania
158.1
East North Central:
Ohio
146.1
Indiana
247.0
Illinois
99.7
Michigan
187. 6
Wisconsin .
90.0
West North Central:
Minnesota _
140.9
Iowa _ .. . _ ..
178. 3
Missouri _ .
117.7
North Dakota
176.4
South Dakota
148. I
Nebraska
1.5.3.2
Kansas
126. 6
South Atlantic:
Delaware
207.5
Maryland _ .. .
263.1
227.2
West Virginia
145. 6
North Carolina
171.6
South Carolina
187. 3
Georgia.
222.8
Florida
182.0
East South Central:
Kentucky
262. 0
Tennessee.-
167.0
Alabama -
1.57. 4
Mississippi ..
73.1
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana
104.6
137. 7
Oklahoma
1.52. 6
Texas
169. 2
Mountain:
Montana
243.9
Idaho
188.2
Wyoming
140. 3
Colorado .
147. 3
New Mexico
212. 9
Arizona
238.7
Utah
237. 1
Nevada -
450.5
Pacific:
Washington
3.1
1.6
4.1
256.3
Oregon
254. 5
370.2
" The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 486 cities with a total population of 9,61.5,:182.
■ Includes report of District of Columbia.
3 The rates for burglary an'l larceny are ba.>ie(i on reports of 171 cities.
* The rates for burglary and larceny are based on reports of 192 cities.
2941! I r,° II
176
177
Table 82. — Number of offenses known to the police per 100,000 inhabitants, Jan-
uary to December, inclusive, 1940, by geographic divisiotis and population
groups
Geographic division and iiopiilation
group
NEW ENGLAND
(iroup I -
Cir<iiii> II ---
(irunpIII --
(iroup IV
(irou]) V
Group VI ---
MIDDLE ATLANTIC
(iroup I
(iroup II
Group III --
(irouj) IV...
(iroui) V-.
(iroup VI
EAST NORTH CENTRAL
Group I
GrouiJ II . -
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI _
WEST NORTH CENTRAL
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
SOUTH ATLANTIC
Group 12..
(Jroup II..
Group III .-
Group IV..
Group V.
Group VI
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL
Group L -.
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group v..
Group VI
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
MOUNTAIN
Group I
Group II
Group III..
Group IV...
Group V
Group VI
PACIFIC
Group I
Group II
Group III.
Group I v.
Group V
Group VI
Murder,
nonnepli-
pcnt man-
slaughter
1.6
1.3
.6
.7
1.6
1.3
3.9
1.9
2.1
1.1
1.8
2.4
5.9
3.7
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.0
5.2
2.2
1.6
1.1
1.2
2.4
14.6
18.8
16.9
12.1
13.2
11.9
20.2
29.2
17.8
15.9
22.4
24.6
13.2
10.1
11.3
5.8
9.2
15.2
3.1
3.3
6.8
5.7
2.4
3.0
4.5
4.0
3.4
1.5
3.2
2.6
Robbery
30.4
17.5
14.3
10.1
7.2
9.0
30.1
21.1
28.0
20.6
17.3
17.7
127.7
59.4
44.2
33.6
31.5
24.1
57.9
42.2
26.0
13.4
21.5
20.3
90.7
93.5
59.7
71.9
24.3
32.8
135.1
81.5
49. S
48.3
M2.0
31.5
58.0
77.4
42.0
35.6
39.6
21.9
62.0
48.7
92.7
47.2
31.1
26.3
111. 1
68.5
32.2
44.5
25.4
27.4
Aggra-
vated
assault
17.1
15.2
8.1
6.6
5.2
6.9
38.0
20.8
31.4
20. r,
17.9
15.0
41.2
47.3
30.3
14.4
16.2
14.1
17.2
21.2
6.6
7.0
9.6
13.4
77.3
147.6
204.0
175. 4
134.1
132. 6
329.2
169.2
189.4
118.7
90.1
80.8
92.0
92. 1
103.7
60.9
48.6
66.8
18.6
12.0
31.5
17.5
H. 2
27.0
39.8
21.8
15.8
16.2
12.4
20.7
Burglary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
165.6
392.0
327.8
250.1
203.2
195.9
1 341. 5
279. 7
295. 1
246. 1
206.4
176. 2
362.9
401.8
305. 3
286.4
253.9
222.0
263.4
308.1
351.7
266.4
255.0
195. 0
372.8
609.4
471.8
431.9
296.6
321.9
709.9
396.2
529. 7
429.1
319. 2
290.4
392.3
574.9
•116. 5
328.0
353. 5
313.1
353.6
506.2
487. 3
380. 3
327.4
319.0
615.7
505.7
452. 1
491.6
316.7
330.7
Lar-
wny—
theft
375.4
780.8
672.1
i94.7
464.0
327.5
I 521. 1
525. t)
536.8
532.7
407.8
327.0
988.7
, 108. 0
918.5
878.9
663.6
427.3
1, 030. 4
885.3
1,184.6
903.5
900.3
473.8
962.7
1, 648. 5
1,414.9
1, 295. 8
811.0
667. 5
1,191. 1
958. 9
926. 6
1, 244. 5
759.2
382. 6
1, 424. 2
1
673.3
1.4,')7. .'i
1.266.9
899. 1
570. 7
1, 340. 5
1.165.8
1.609.2
2, 086. 0
1.554.9
851.8
1.518.1
1,608.8
1..518.8
1.6.'3.0
1,3:8.6
1, 259. 7
Auto
theft
358.3
219. 6
149. 3
102.5
(JO. 9
54.2
166.6
154.4
1.55. 4
115.3
91.7
66.3
142.
214.
155.
156.
114.
136.2
i71.7
234.0
134.3
123.3
78.9
306.7
246.9
160.3
196.8
126.3
117.9
210.5
224.5
155.2
206. 4
79.8
113.4
180.2
173.4
188.1
120. 1
96.7
67.5
157.3
2.V2. I
213.5
303. 0
195. 3
115.8
438.6
280.7
20.5.7
276.2
211.3
203. &
' The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 4 cities.
2 Includes the District of Columbia.
178
Offenses in Individual Cities With More Than 25,000 Inhabitants.
The nimiber of offenses reported as having been committed during
the calendar year 1940 is shown in table 83. The compilation in-
cludes the reports received from police departments in cities with
more than 25,000 inhabitants according to the 1940 decennial census.
Such data are included here in order that interested individuals and
organizations may have readily available up-to-date information
concerning the amount of crime committed in their communities.
Police administrators and other interested individuals will probably
find it desirable to compare the crime rates of theh cities with the
average rates shown in tables 76 and 82 of this publication. Simi-
larly, they will doubtless desire to make comparisons with the figures
for their conmiunities for prior periods, in order to determine whether
there has been an mcrease or a decrease in the amount of crime
committed.
A great deal of caution should be exercised in comparing crime data
for individual cities, because differences in the figures may be due to a
variety of factors. The amount of crime committed in a community
is not solely chargeable to the police but is rather a charge against
the entire community. The following is a list of some of the factors
which might affect the amount of crime in a community:
The composition of the population with reference particularly
to age, sex, and race.
The economic status and activities of the population.
Climate.
Educational, recreational, and religious facilities.
The number of police employees per unit of population.
The standards governing appointments to the police force.
The policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts.
The attitude of the public toward law-enforcement problems.
The degree of efficiency of the local law-enforcement agency.
Comparisons between the crime rates of individual cities should
not be made without giving consideration to the above-mentioned
factors. It is more important to determine whether the figures for a
given community show increases or decreases in the amount of crime
committed than to ascertain whether the figures are above or below
those of some other community.
In examining a compilation of crime figures for individual com-
munities it should be borne in mind that in view of the fact that the
data are compiled by different record departments operating under
separate and distinct administrative systems, it is entirely possible
that there may be variations in the practices employed in. classifying
complaints of offenses. On the other hand, the crime-reporting hand-
book has been distributed to all contributors of crime reports, and the
179
figures received are included in this bulletin only if they apparently
have been compiled in accordance with the provisions of the handbook,
and the individual department has so indicated.
Table 83. — Number of offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive,
1940, cities over 25,000 in population (based on 1940 decennial census)
City
Abilene, Tex
Akron, Ohio
Alameda, Calif
Albany, N. Y
Albuquerque, N. Mex.
Ale.xandria, La._.
Alexandria, Va..,
Alhambra, Calif.
Aliquippa, Pa. - .
Allentown, Pa. . .
Alton, 111
Altoona, Pa.
Amarillo, Tex
Amsterdam, N. Y.
Anderson, Ind.
Ann Arbor, Mich.
Anniston, Ala
Appleton, Wis
Arlington, Mass.-
Arlington, Va
Asheville, N. C
Ashland, Ky
Atlanta, Ga
Atlantic City, N. J.
Auburn, N. Y
Augusta, Qa.
Aurora, 111
Austin, Tex
Balcersfield, Calif.
Baltimore, Md -..
Bangor, Maine
Baton Rouge, La
Battle Creek, Mich-
Bay City, Mich
Bayonne, N. J.
Beaumont, Tex
Belleville, 111
Belleville, N. J
Bellingham, Wash.
Belmont, Mass
Beloit, Wis
Belvedere Township, Calif .
Berkeley, Calif
Berwyn, 111
Bethlehem, Pa -
Beverly, Mass
Beverly Hills, Calif.
Binghamton, N. Y_,
Birmingham, Ala...
Bloomfleld, N. J...
Bloominpton, 111
Boise, Idaho
Boston, Mass _
Bridgeport, Conn
Bristol, Conn
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
9
4
111
2
1
12
g
1
83
60
13
2
1
2
121
1
30
12
Aggra-
vated
assault
38
122
1
22
2
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
110
1, 058
50
236
137
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
19
242
5
C8
30
Only 11 months received
Under
$50
24
70
14
1
18
41
2
7
14
25
/
19
36
4
2
15
13
3
2
1 1-
48
393
12
18
383
336
49
104
1
54
29
11
5
25
99
22
8
415
781
6
7
11
40
27
5
6
2
Only !0 months received
Only 5 months received
. I . 85 I
No reports received
13
10
19
1
1
1
7
1
5
2
1
1
1
30
1
6
1
33
No reports received
70
3
20
8
1
Only 10 months received
386
1,803
218
535
949
94
41
379
258
34
420
57
12
119
143
46
322
77
9
179
225
23
195
222
92
626
79
16
101
326
13
348
61
50
380
138
208
82
421
85
15
264
2, 354
585
4,806
351
190
979
13
23
214
423
24
713
76
32
161
515
48
1,994
93
52
834
1,895
671
3.697
55
22
250
145
44
373
222
8
501
123
15
528
129
10
331
56
15
141
84
2
149
111
12
171
43
8
158
66
7
354
247
25
221
268
26
891
97
8
121
2
22
1
46
177
122
14
88
18
149
352
284
4
170
665
1, 698
297
2,015
3
1
97
17
101
23
10
100
44
296
13
1
140
35
460
293
146
1. 117
638
2.197
19
4
360
200
1.3.16
2
3
82
5
90
Auto
theft
30
409
12
177
132
55
92
14
1,54
33
75
114
25
115
58
12
71
52
1.047
263
36
63
47
135
170
2.434
58
33
107
132
83
27
28
29
7
42
222
47
12
14
71
115
487
41
136
95
3. 245
300
22
180
Table 83. — Number of offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive,
1940, cities over 25,000 in -population {based on 1940 decennial census) — Con.
City
Brockton, Mass__ .
Brookline, Mass_.
Buffalo, N. Y
Burbank, Calif
Burlington, Iowa_
Burlington, Vt
Butte, Mont
Cambridge, Mass.
Camden, N. J
Canton, Ohio
Cedar Rapids, Iowa-
Central Falls, R. I-..
Charleston, S. C
Charleston, W. Va...
Charlotte, N. C
Chattanooga, Tenn.
Chelsea, Mass
Chester, Pa
Chicago. Ill
Chicopee, Mass
Cicero, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio
Clarksburg, W. Va
Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland Heights, OhiO-
Clifton, N.J
Clinton, Iowa
Colorado Springs, Colo-
Columbia, S. C
Columbus, Qa
Columbus, Ohio
Concord, N. H
Corpus Christi, Tex..
Council Bluffs, Iowa-
Covington, Ky
Cranston, R. I
Cumberland, Md-
Dallas, Tex
Danville, 111
Danville, Va
Davenport, Iowa-
Dayton, Ohio
Dearborn, Mich.-
Decatur, 111
Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa-
Detroit, Mich
Dubuque, Iowa
Duluth, Minn
Durham, N. C
East Chicago, Ind
East Cleveland, Ohio.
Easton, Pa
East Orange, N. J
East Providence, R. I.
East St. Louis, 111
Eau Claire, Wis
Elgin, 111
Elizabeth, N. J
Elkhart, Ind..
Elmira, N. Y.
El Paso, Tex..
Elvria, Ohio,.
Enid, Okla....
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
13
1
1
7
21
47
54
2
11
231
43
58
1
12
10
14
59
4
1
16
10
4
80
Robbery
5
11
72
1
42
34
65
73
12
2
103
60
Aggra-
vated
assault
111
10
34
5,803
63
494
4
898
18
14
2
5
39
32
276
2
11
13
28
2
8
179
24
23
29
78
34
28
200
64
1,887
4
17
36
36
5
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
15
21
72
79
5 289 44
1 277 89
134 677 258
Only 5 months received
5 26
88 28
61 30
431 56
281 150
279 (1)
75 64
58 3
328 108
211 (1)
721 237
555 66
146 25
108 33
10, 939 3, 840
79 16
97 30
2, 173 737
50 11
2, 735 249
162 23
115 31
68 37
85 15
541 115
159 52
2, 426 483
54 3
343 105
150 26
254 24
65 37
110 41
1, 637 167
1.36 9
150 27
152 12
748 71
215 94
149 44
1, 140 315
440 187
6, 012 1, 105
47 18
340 111
313
220
318
254
6
26
1,500
3
2
209
10
112
1
1
91
27
82
55
3
31
1
261
18
68
2
29
22
20
60
34
1,040
101
.58
1
456 58
145 42
162 8
Only 5 months received
430 14
121 11
215 57
52 16
71 11
297 71
80 26
67 26
395 34
72 11
92 9
15
3
3
2
04
132
7
4
1
32
20
9
4
7
1
73
45
5
5
7
Under
$50
372
325
1,390
124
385
185
659
479
890
528
144
809
1,339
1,766
1,489
208
171
11,989
149
196
5,493
128
10, 999
276
128
114
661
1, 015
678
3, 700
117
1,117
413
394
216
238
7,911
328
404
816
2,686
1,042
498
4,007
1, 515
26, 490
277
1,144
613
262
224
174
208
420
304
183
588
494
311
1,332
116
305
Auto
theft
71
124
556
See footnotes at end of table.
181
Table 83. — Number of offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive,
1940, cities over 25,000 in population (based on 1940 decennial census) — Con.
City
Murder,
nonneg-
ligcnt
man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
Under
$50
Auto
theft
Erie, Pa
Evanston, 111
Evansville, Ind
Everett, Mass .
Everett, Wash..
Fall River, Mass...
Fargo, N. Dak
Fitchburg, Mass...
Flint, Mich
Fond du Lac, Wis.
Fort Smith, Ark..
Fort Wavne, Ind.
Fort Worth, Tex.
Fresno, Calif
Gadsden, Ala
Galesburg, 111...
Galvi'ston, Tex.
Garfield, N. J...
Garv, Ind
Glendale, Calif..
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Great Falls, Mont...
Green Bay, Wis
Greensboro, N. C
Greenville, S. C
Hackensack, N. J..
Hagorstown, Md...
Hamilton, Ohio
Hammond, Ind
Hamtramck, Mich.
Harrisburg, Pa
Hartford, Conn
Haverford Township, Pa.,
Haverhill, Mass
Hazelton, Pa
Highland Park, Mich.
High Point, N. C
Hoboken, N. J...
Holvoke, Mass
Honolulu, T. H
Houston, Tex
Huntington, W. Va
Huntington Park, Calif.
Hutchinson, Kans
Indianapolis, Ind
Inglewood, Calif.
Irvington, N. J.-
Jackson, Mich...
Jackson, Miss
Jacksonville, Fla.
Jamestown, N. Y
Jersey City, N. J
Johnson City, Tenn.
Johnstown, Pa
Joliet, 111
Joplin, Mo .'
Kalamazoo, Mich...
Kansas City, Kans.
Kansas City, Mo...
Kearny, N. J
Kenosha, Wis
Kingston, N. Y..
Knoxville, Tenn.
Kokonio, Ind . .
La Crosse, Wis ..
2
23
6
14
9
1
1
2
2
11
14
1
6
1
7
55
5
1
24
1
1
11
43
8
40
26
30
20
40
8
178
25
37
17
17
7
16
10
22
67
44
30
2
13
31
6
9
46
20
23
73
396
172
390
Only 2 months received
90
570
106
107
689
27
3
2
18
6
9
6
?
51
106
3
1
12
4
48
14
84
196
49
24
10
42
9
1
116
341
882
303
103
66
88
55
48
21
10
194
19
25
107
85
88
13
119
Only 3 months received
6
148
4
11
3
3
18
23
23
4
4
15
4
48
101
2
3
6
76
617
397
559
114
62
383
214
90
76
56
200
171
316
786
76
135
119
^
3
18
19
313
176
62
111
24
4
3
501
153
10
4
29
4
16
15
23
149
242
185
2
1
39 9 432
18 173 I 117
Only 8 months received
212
1,072
2,371
375
207
168
2,580
183
236
160
280
1,179
78
Complete data not received
27
3
6
114
169
175
10
130
92
97
30
10
108
60
11
17
46
40
114
65
168
7
29
23
59
21
37
161
231
82
28
11
421
31
33
27
60
409
28
10
36
27
Only 2 months received
13
4
138
36
453
133
11
1?
1
6
23
211
6
1
6
1
227
700
1,344
75
57
37
287
253
106
(')
42
548
26
9
20
207
18
12
718
623
1,311
528
536
276
196
1,821
120
542
1,998
3,310
942
277
112
84
962
1,342
2,078
636
295
724
598
114
284
289
609
543
619
2,016
106
174
134
668
199
411
2,084
6,292
972
636
433
4,162
471
251
569
1,201
2,939
208
198
1.59
219
724
1,217
3,775
111
207
164
886
415
434
297
40
295
65
130
74
24
409
32
38
544
275
212
54
82
13
209
161
357
42
42
169
113
62
37
42
98
126
135
523
9
60
27
109
71
86
270
895
114
171
37
1,528
61
75
lft3
73
303
46
29
97
71
91
1.39
562
20
22
30
292
102
44
See footnotes at end of table.
182
Table 83. — Number of offenses known to the -police, January to December, inclusive,
1940, cities over 25,000 in population {based on 1940 decennial census) — Con.
City
La Fayette, Ind_.
Lakewood, Ohio.
Lancaster, Pa
Lansing, Mich.-.
Laredo, Tex
Lawrence, Mass .
Lebanon, Pa
Lewiston, Maine-
Lexington, Ky__.
Lima, Ohio
Lincoln, Nebr
Little Rock, Ark__.
Long Beach, Calif.
Lorain, Ohio
Los Angeles, Calif
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Lower Merion Township, Pa_
Lubbock, Tex
Lynchburg, Va
Lynn, Mass
Macon, Ga
Madison, Wis
Maiden, Mass
Manchester, N. H_
Mansfield, Ohio
Marion, Ind
Marion, Ohio
Mason City, lowa.
Massillon, Ohio
May wood. 111
McKee«port, Pa.
Medford, Mass.
Melrose, Mass._.
Memphis, Tenn_
Meriden, Conn
Meridian, Miss
Miami, Fla
Miami Beach, Fla. .
Michigan City, Ind.
Middletown, Conn.
Middletown, Ohio..
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn.
Mishawaka, Ind
Mobile, Ala
Moline, 111
Monroe, La
Montclair, N. J...
Montgomery, Ala.
Mount Vernon, N. Y.
Muncie, Ind
Muskegon, Mich
Muskogee, Okla
Nashua, N. H
Nashville, Tenn
New Albany, Ind...
Newark, N. J..
Newark, Ohio
New Bedford, Mass.
New Britain, Conn
New Brunswick, N. J.
Newburgh, N. Y
New Castle, Pa
New Haven, Conn
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
8
2
3
86
46
3
4
1
27
1
'72'
1
32
3
11
7
1
•3
7
27
1
4
1
2
40
1
21
Robbery
4
12
15
5
6
10
19
6
31
16
10
56
105
16
2,169
405
8
17
9
10
34
54
9
19
1
21
4
5
1
12
12
3'7
8
3
613
1
32
226
1
6
57
166
3
65
10
13
7
24
5
8
9
21
1
198
3
331
21
18
9
15
2
11
49
Aggra-
vated
assault
2
2
15
8
31
1
1
152
7
2
60
26
11
684
531
2
7
22
41
14
193
3
9
10
3
1
13
2
86
3
1
1,700
55
281
8
2
10
53
47
1
207
10
5
27
145
11
22
4
7
4
224
6
528
33
9
4
21
5
5
15
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
90
131
125
184
163
169
32
91
301
186
73
332
1,015
103
10, 022
2,542
327
192
138
129
413
201
154
210
76
205
70
99
36
70
59
125
157
57
2,004
96
206
1,324
116
35
51
104
592
1,557
25
349
82
85
45
605
112
119
161
213
57
771
35
2,596
80
657
216
180
80
91
719
Larceny — theft
$50 and
over
25
16
29
35
14
43
15
14
107
35
21
(1)
247
25
4,437
949
41
56
49
23
182
53
57
48
17
50
14
14
27
29
12
61
21
11
423
10
25
379
204
15
7
24
299
648
6
71
31
17
5
35
35
27
56
4
6
C)
5
450
33
77
23
19
25
26
255
Under
$50
443
307
434
569
398
429
135
264
1, 152
462
561
1. 055
2, 816
287
21. 497
3,844
321
333
680
300
857
684
436
356
421
317
283
311
178
126
125
151
277
83
2,949
156
285
1,765
422
174
99
447
4,517
3,076
144
308
262
293
56
510
184
353
569
469
139
1,256
197
3,541
491
1,000
330
268
184
155
1,220
gee footnotes at end of table.
183
Table 83. — Numher of offfrTsrs Icnown to the -police, January to December, inclusive
1940, cities over 25,000 in population (based on 1940 decennial census) — Con.
City
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
Larceny — theft
$50 and
over
Under
$50
Auto
theft
New London, Conn.
New Orleans, La
Newport, Ky
Newport, K. 1
Newport News, V'a-
New Roehelle, N. Y.
Newton, Mass
New York. N. Y
Niagara Falls, N. Y..
Norfolk, Va
Norristown, Pa
North Bergen, N.J.
Norwalk, Conn
Norwood , Ohio
Oakland, Calif.
Oak Park. Ill
Ogden. Utah
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Omaha. Nebr
Orange, N. J
Orlando, Fla.__.
Oshkosh, Wis---
Ottumwa, lowa.
Owensboro. Ky.
Paducah, Ky. ..
Parkers burg. W. Va.
Pasadena, Calif
Passaic, N. J
Paterson, N. J
Pawtucket, R. I
Pensaeola, Fla.
Peoria, 111
Perth Amboy, N. J.
Petersburg, Va
Philadelphia, Pa
Phoenix, Ariz...
Pittsburgh. Pa .
Pitt-sfield. Mass.
Plainfield. .V. J.
Pontiae, Mich. .
Port Arthur, Tex . .
Port Iluroii, Mich.
Portland. Maine...
Portland, Oreg
l^ortsniouth, Ohio.
Portsmouth, Va
Pouphkeepsie, N. Y.
Providence, R. I
Pueblo, Colo
Quincy, 111.
Ouincy, Mass.
iiacine, WLs...
Raleigh. N. O.
Reading, Pa. .
Revere, Mass.
Richmond, Ind..
Richmond, Va...
Riverside, Calif. .
Roanoke, Va
Rochester, Mirm.
Rochester, N. Y
Roekford, 111.
Rock Island, 111
Rocky Mount, N. C.
Rome. Ga
56
5
275
1
18
1
"2
14
1
4
18
4
1
2
2
2
110
6
25
6
5
12
1
15
1
39
2
4
3
140
18
3
35
6
1
1.497
10
135
5
4
6
11
127
50
19
146
67
12
15
3
11
11
2
24
16
29
11
145
55
6
402
19
3
103
39
3
,622
24
128
9
1
9
2
120
1
9
190
61
53
18
3
4
5
1
9
38
15
97
80
570
1.33
.96
284
111
169
8.240
369
871
68
132
153
127
1,430
269
197
1,098
482
99
190
105
52
118
104
87
420
240
524
289
16
61
958
691
59
15
.550
323
2
3
2
21
12
^
25
6
2
16
8
332
33
20
5
37
176
6
9
18
29 '
50
22 '
39
34
20
12
3
35
137
14
15
17
21
14
7
165
401
10
14
12
70
1
19
35
27
4
28
1
15
77
9
23
109 150
50 402
Ko reports received
103
3,592
371
2, 985
108
136
228
50
88
476
2,385
203
243
98
579
202
54
195
121
253
413
151
66
1,057
166
140
24
579
155
120
94
85
28
563
29
19
78
51
(')
(')
54
206
20
15
14
13
173
60
32
132
87
12
49
21
H
19
18
18
139
35
52
45
125
45
22
1,148
47
498
15
26
56
9
1
78
702
41
39
46
214
13
68
13
31
109
65
19
57
279
11
90
25
141
41
34
15
10
201
1,469
242
234
350
171
410
18, 697
448
2.058
66
160
333
140
4,088
344
726
2,387
927
142
408
361
96
167
555
201
1,457
311
252
595
470
726
498
2,780
1,365
2,114
186
232
458
291
352
808
4,691
650
883
351
796
467
180
311
.•VIS
792
596
244
186
.3,566
373
674
212
2,041
548
389
462
134
34
724
50
22
101
72
87
11.332
177
530
36
32
48
25
598
36
130
340
442
48
64
16
52
67
140
26
199
106
215
112
131
225
28
3,297
186
2.091
31
76
166
52
78
189
828
71
74
26
425
65
30
69
61
68
100
85
50
.5,56
43
100
22
;J95
87
61
32
37
Hfc. footnotes at end of table.
294316°— 41 5
184
Table 83. — Number of offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive,
1940, cities over 25,000 in population {based on 1940 decennial census) — Con.
City
Rome, N. Y
Royal Oak, Mich.
Sacramento, Calif.
Saginaw, Mich
St. Joseph, Mo
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn
St. Petersburg, Fla.
Salem, Mass
Salem, Oreg
Salt Lake City, Utah.
San Angelo, Tex
San Antonio, Tex
San Bernardino, Calif-
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif..
San Jose, Calif
Santa Ana, Calif
Santa Barbara, Calif.
Santa Monica, Calif-.
Savannah, Ga
Schenectady, N. Y.
Scranton, Pa
Seattle, Wash
Sharon, Pa
Sheboygan, Wis
Shreveport, La
Sioux City, Iowa
Sioux Falls, S. Dak.
Somerville, Mass
South Bend, Ind..
South Gate, Calif.
Spartanburg, S. C-
Spokane, Wash
Springfield, 111
Springfield, Mass..
Springfield, Mo
Springfield, Ohio...
Stamford, Conn
Steubenville, Ohio.
Stockton, Calif.
Superior, Wis..
Syracuse, N. Y.
Tacoma, Wash.
Tampa, Fla
Taunton, Mass. . .
Teaneck, N.J
Terre Haute, Ind.
Toledo, Ohio
Topeka, Kans
Torrineton, Conn.
Trenton. N.J
Troy, N. Y
Tucson, Ariz
Tulsa, Okla
Tuscaloosa, Ala
Tyler, Tex
Union City, N. J
University City, Mo-
Upper Darby, Pa
Utica, N. Y
Waco, Tex
Waltham, Mass.
Warren, Ohio ..
Warwick, R. I. .
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
7
3
4
55
4
9
5
1
19
1
8
26
5
(2)
1
1
22
16
1
Robbery
5
11
o
1
13
10
168
25
26
421
116
19
14
6
73
6
196
59
74
574
18
2
9
39
54
5
17
259
4
1
35
26
2
22
49
9
11
87
41
10
10
23
6
28
4
7
21
3
12
1
29
Bur-
Aggra- , glary—
vated I breaking
assault I or
entering
52
25
19
119
45
21
1
IS
18
475
21
36
339
15
3
38
10
35
64
3
120
3
(2)
5
2
35
17
15
3
31
3
22
34
103
842
376
384
1.354
1.000
436
89
165
759
56
1.022
235
574
2.675
266
111
134
311
235
359
510
2.667
43
41
325
290
105
512
487
182
119
734
281
339
265
216
98
136
Larceny — theft
$50 and
over
7
1
15
9
49
5
32
86
1
1
2
2
33
5
191
117
22
5
4
295
52
78
0)
65
66
7
15
19
15
176
96
187
116
18
31
64
13
279
62
158
684
23
28
39
117
269
81
110
407
6
14
50
17
40
29
92
21
54
95
75
92
48
26
62
10
Under
$50
No reports received
86
372
4on
588
56
63
170
1,304
525
No reports received
66 673 112
157 55
201 83
1. 034 238
No reports received
Onlv 11 months received
" 1
3
2
3
132
3
13
128
192
2,264
1,049
1.051
9,941
2,384
1,029
278
736
1,684
231
3,420
654
2.332
6,494
872
612
573
1,290
2.117
445
597
4,110
74
235
1,282
895
603
423
1.182
489
335
2,141
855
1.011
854
785
244
174
22
373
102
947
61
933
99
1, 530
23
152
6
39
10
348
362
3,318
39
1,014
958 I
445 I
1,257 I
2,620 ■
101
27
74
174
36
255
197
49
286
116
56
644
217
8
588
113
20
421
209
21
407
17
43
111
See footnotes at end of table.
185
Table 83. — Xumber of offenses knoum to the police, Janunnj to December, inclusive,
1940, cities over 25,000 in population {based on 1940 decennial census) — Con.
City
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
AVa;^hington, D. C.
Washington, Pa
Watorbury, Conn..
Waterloo, Iowa
Watertown, Mass..
Watcrtown, N. Y.
Waukcgan, 111
Wausau, Wis
Wauwatosa, Wis.-
West Allis, Wis,..
West Hartford, Conn..
West Haven, Conn
West Xcw York, N. J..
West Orange, N. J
West Palm Beach, Fla
Wheeling, W. Va
White Plains, N. Y.
Wichita, Kans
Wichita Falls, Tex..
Wilkes-Barre, Pa
Wilkinsburg, Pa
Williamsport, Pa
Wilmington, Del
Wilmington. N. C
Winston-Salem, N. C.
Woodbridge, N. J.
Woonsocket, R. I.
Worce.'^ter, Mass..
Wyandotte, Mich.
Yakima, Wash
Vonkers, N. Y
York, Pa
Youngstown, Ohio.
Zanesville, Ohio
72
1
3
9
10
12
2
Robbery
856
1
3
8
S
2
4
1
2
1
1
9
Aggra-
vated
assault
29'!
I
2
2
2
2
5
1
1
18
4
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
,552
45
304
167
61
40
72
27
52
82
68
71
Larceny— theft
.$50 and
over
Only 5 months received
5,T
326
269
74
242
206
197
118
160
381
77
327
75
164
662
33
133
6
1 1
16
27
10
4
4
5
14
15
13
48
21
13
16
16
10
i
41
83
34
154
13
304
5
1
3
30
27
6
5
6
18
12
1
192
138
•>->
1
229
94
782
218
786
14
55
28
5
27
10
13
81
45
49
68
32
55
10
117
26
26
11
16
149
17
48
30
19
76
46
Under
$50
7,019
143
276
478
61
14
429
65
139
11
219
3
133
22
398
142
143
53
589
396
135
1,132
1,162
315
126
303
1,208
355
467
90
145
1.062
165
794
359
381
1, 242
405
Auto
theft
.114
53
209
150
18
33
30
19
15
27
30
13
35
63
57
62
95
97
94
26
87
251
61
93
10
23
374
30
44
162
90
416
62
' Larcenies not separately reported.
2 Complete figures not received.
Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
186
Offenses Known to Sheriffs, State Police, and Other Rural Officers, 1940.
Under the system of uniform crime reporting, urban crimes are
compiled separately from rural crimes. The figures presented in the
preceding tables are based on reports received from police depart-
ments in urban communities (places with 2,500 or more inhabitants).
Comprehensive data regarding rural crimes are not yet available
but the information on hand is shown in table 85.
A percentage distribution of offenses committed in rural places
during 1940 is generally similar to a percentage distribution of urban
crimes. The two sets of figures are shown in table 84.
Tablk 84. — Comparison of average groups of 100 urban crimes and 100
rural crimes
Offense
Total
Larceny
Burglary...
Auto theft.
Percent
Urban Rural
100.0
59.1
22.3
11.1
100.0
48.4
28.7
9.7
Offense
Robbery
.^.ggravated assault
Rape
Murder
Manslaughter
Percent
Urban Rural
3.4
2.9
.6
.3
.3
3.3
5.6
2.3
1. 1
.9
The preceding comparison shows that 9.9 percent of the rural
crimes were offenses against the person (criminal homicide, rape, and
aggravated assault) while the corresponding urban figure was 4.1
percent. This does not mean that the total of crimes against the
person committed in rural areas is greater than in urban communities,
because the figures in table 84 represent only average groups of 100
urban crimes and 100 rural crimes. The higher proportion of rural
crimes against the person may be due to the fact that some of the
reports representing rural crimes indicate that possibly they were
limited to instances in which arrests were made. Incompleteness of
this sort would tend to increase the percentage of rural crimes against
the person, since such crimes are more often followed by arrests than
are the less serious offenses against property.
Table 85. — Offenses known, January to December, inclusive, 1940, as reported by
1,016 sheriffs, 9 State police organizations, and 66 village officers
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Offenses known
1,080
937
2.246
3,331
5,544
28,700
48, 374
9,660
187
Offenses Known in Territories and Possessions of the United States.
Thero are presented in iiihh 86 the available data concerning crimes
committed in Territories and possessions of the United States. In-
cluded are the figures taken from reports received from the first and
second judicial divisions of Alaska; Honolulu City, and the counties
of Honolulu and Maui in the Territory of Hawaii; the Isthmus of
Panama, C. Z. ; and Puerto Rico. The tabulation is based on offenses
reported by law enforcement officials policing both the urban and
rural areas, except that the data for Honolulu City have been segre-
gated from the figures for Honolulu County.
Table 86. — Number of offenses known in United States Territories and possessions,
January to December, inclusive, 1940
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Jurisdiction reporting
Murder,
noimeg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny-^
theft
Auto
Over
$50
Under
$50
theft
Alaska:
First judicial division (Juneau),
population, 25,241; number of of-
fenses known
Second judicial division (Nome),
population, 11,877; number of of-
fenses known
1
1
18
3
6
62
11
■1
19
5
18
8
2,190
29
18
1,072
152
142
86
1,065
33
6
161
21
10
38
104
42
3
2,084
250
233
559
3.366
4
Hawaii:
Honolulu City, population, 179,358;
number of offenses known
Honolulu County, population, 78,898;
number of offenses known
7
1
4
1
273
270
38
Maui County, population, 55,534;
number of offenses known
Isthmus of Panama: Canal Zone, popu-
lation, 51,827; number of offenses known.
Puerto Kieo: population, 1,869,255; num-
ber of oflenses known.
12
55
90
188
CO
O
189
Data From Supplement ary Offense Reports.
Stores, office buildings, warehouses, and other nonresidence struc-
tures continued, during 1940, to be the places most frequently attacked
by burglars, particularly during the night. This is evident in analyz-
ing the reports received from 215 cities with population in excess of
25,000. The polic(> departments in these cities last year re])orted a
total of 95,101 burglaries, 54.5 percent of which involved nomcsidcnce
structures. It was also observed that 91 percent of the nonresidence
bvu'glaries occurred dm-ing the night as compared with 05.2 percent
of the biu'glaries involving residences.
Owners of automobiles and bicycles might do well to note how
vvdnerable such property is to the attacks of thieves, for the figures of
last year reflect that 50.9 percent of all the larcenies reported were
thefts of some type of property from automobiles or thefts of bicycles.
Thefts of automobile accessories represented 14.2 percent; other thefts
from automobiles, 18.5 percent; and thefts of bicycles, 18.2 percent
of the total larcenies.
As indicated in the text immediately preceding table 76, automobile
thefts — so important in the crime classification they merit a category
independent of larcenies in general — represent more than 1 1 percent
of aU the crimes committed.
Exclusive of auto thefts, the majority (65.3 percent) of the larceny
ofl'enses involved property valued from $5 to $50; in 25.3 pc^rcent of
the cases the property was valued at less than $5; and the property
was valued in excess of $50 in 9.4 percent of the cases.
The 215 cities represented in table 87 reported 17,536 robberies,
the majority (58.4 percent) being classed as highway robberies.
Gasoline filling stations, chain stores, and other commercial houses
were the scenes of 34.7 percent of the robberies.
Of the 2,031 offenses of rape reported, more than half (51.1 percent)
were classed as forcible rapes, and the remainder as statutory ofl'enses
(no force used — victim under age of consent).
190
Table 87. — Number of known offenses with divisions as to the nature of the criminal
act, time and place of commission., and value of property stolen, January to
December, inclusive, 1940; cities over 25,000 in population, grouped by size
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Number of actual offenses
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Total
Classification
22 cities,
over
250,000:
population
14,479,273
34 cities,
100,000
to 250,000:
population
4,729,452
60 cities,
50,000
to 100,000:
population
4,193,219
99 cities,
25,000
to 50,000;
population
3,472,671
215 cities;
total
population
26,874,615
Rape:
Forcible
Statutory ._
622
561
179
211
155
119
82
102
1,038
993
Total
1,183
390
274
184
2,031
Robbery:
Hiehwav
7,551
3,611
1,009
154
453
19
319
1,281
290
178
39
74
1
62
928
245
192
50
80
1
HI
479
131
117
34
33
1
93
10, 239
Commercial house
4,277
Oil Station . . _ .
1,496
Chain store -
277
Residence _ -
640
Bank
22
Miscellaneous-- -- - -
585
Total . -
13,116
1,925
■1,607
888
17, 536
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Residence (dwelling):
Committed during night
14, 623
9,476
22, 147
.3, 010
5,228
2,276
10, 984
579
4,991
2,034
8,035
634
3,363
1,264
6,039
418
28,205
Committed during day
15, 050
Nonresidence (store, office, etc.):
Committed during night
47, 205
Committed during day
4,641
Total
49, 256
19, 067
15. 694
11, 084
95, 101
Larceny— theft (except auto theft) (grouped
according to value of article stolen) :
$50 and over -- _ _ .
13, 172
73,205
28,920
4,412
34, 437
12, 970
3,335
30.473
12.073
2,463
23,977
8,647
23,382
$5 to .$50 _- _
162, 092
Under .$5 - _ -
62, 610
Total
115, 2S7
51, 819
45, 881
35, 087
248, 084
Larceny— theft (grouped as to type of of-
fense):
Pocket-Dickine
1,198
4,319
3,993
24, 542
15. 974
17, 594
47, 677
819
1,035
2, 021
8,855
7,119
9,112
22, 858
654
759
1,887
7,118
7,061
10. 006
18, 396
397
603
1,052
5,258
5,106
8, 348
14, 323
3,068
Purse-snatching - _ ..
6,716
Shoplifting -
8,953
Thefts from autos (exclusive of auto
accessories)
45, 77;i
Auto accessories - - .
35, 260
Bicycles
All other -
45.060
103, 254
Total
115, 297
51,819
45,881
35, 087
248, 084
191
-J
192
a
193
In 215 cities in the United States with population in excess of 25,000
the police departments reported the theft of 47,800 automobiles.
During the same period 46,154 (96.6 percent) were recovered.
In examining the data relative to automobiles stolen and recovered
in table 88 it is noted that the proportion of stolen cars recovered is
generally higher in the larger cities than in tlie smaller communities.
However, as indicated in table 76 of this issue of the bulletin the
larger cities show a substantially higher number of offenses of auto
theft committed per unit of population.
Table 88. — Number of automobiles stolen and recovered, January to December,
inclusive, 1940; cities over 25,000 in population, grouped by size
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
Group I: 22 cities over 250,000; total population, 14,479,273
Group H: 34 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total population, 4, 729,452 .
Group ni: 60 cities, 50,000 to 100.000; total population, 4,193.219..
Group IV: 99 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total population, 3,472,67k.
Total, Groups I-IV: 215 cities; total population, 26,874,615. _
Number of
automobiles
stolen
25, 733
9,735
6,903
5,429
47, 800
Number of
automobiles
recovered
25, 411
9,408
6,290
5,045
46, 154
Percent re-
covered
98.7
96.6
91.1
92.9
96.6
The aggregate value of property stolen in the 215 cities was $33,441,-
858.95. The value of recovered property was $22,863,659.51, or
68.4 percent of the amount stolen. The percentage is affected to a
large extent, however, by the value of automobiles stolen and recov-
ered. Of all the property stolen in these cities, automobiles repre-
sented $20,057,956.85, and as indicated in table 89, recovered cars
were valued at $19,330,357.68, representing a 96.4 percentage of
recovery.
Excluding automobiles, the money, jewelry, furs, clothing, and
other property stolen during 1940 amounted to $13,383,902.10, and
recoveries were valued at $3,533,301.83 (26.4 percent). The corre-
sponding figure for 1939 was 23 percent.
194
Table 89. — Value of property stolen and value of property recovered with divisions
as to type of property involved, January to December, inclusive, 1940: cities over
25,000 in population, grouped by size
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
Group I: 22 cities over 250,000;
total population, 14,479,273.
Total-
Group II: 34 cities, 100,000 to
250,000; total population,
4,729,452.
Total-
Group III: 60 cities, 50,000 to
100,000: total population,
4,193,219.
Total.
Group IV: 99 cities, 25,000 to
50,000; total population,
3,472,671.
Total -
Total, groups I-IV: 215 cities;
total population, 26,874.615.
Total -
Type of property
Currency, notes, etc.-
.Jewelry and precious metals -
Furs
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles..
Miscellaneous
Currency, notes, etc
.Tewelry and precious metals .
Furs
Clothing
Locally stolen automobUes. ,
Miscellaneous
Currency, notes, etc
Jewelry and precious metals.
Furs
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles. .
Miscellaneous
Currency, notes, etc
Jewelry and precious metals.
Furs
Clothing. -
Locally stolen automobiles..
Miscellaneous
Currency, notes, etc
Jewelry and precious metals.
Furs
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles..
Miscellaneous
Value of prop-
erty stolen
$2,119,744.51
1,813,926.49
344, 522. 33
1,017,818.26
11, 466, ,514. 39
2, 794, 485. 71
19,557,011.69
560, 408. 02
369, 237. 59
42, 736. 63
260, 570. 69
3, 727, 968. 90
833, 004. 29
5, 793, 926. 12
461,825.69
385,971.60
47, 864. 82
188, 021. 19
2, 701, 023. 41
751,294.08
4, 536, 000. 79
325, 194. 94
302, .591. 51
34, 169. 10
122, 640. 29
, 162, 450. 15
607, 874. 36
3, 554, 920. 35
3, 467, 173. 16
2, 871, 727. 19
469, 292. 88
1, 589, 050. 43
20, 057, 956. 85
4, 986, 658. 44
33,441,858.95
Value of prop/-f-t
erty recovered I ^^'1
$231,506.90
454, 162. 17
41, 606. 73
206. 263. 36
11, 179, 423. 27
956, 437. 91
13, 069, 400. 34
112,237.38
156, 026. 63
13, 002. 95
79, 518. 73
3, 632, 818. 25
321, 700. 63
4, 315, 304. 57
94, 012. 48
125, 624. 49
9, 725. 65
54, 213. 69
2, 515, 107. 57
270, 424. 36
3, 069, 108. 24
45, 423. 18
101,504. 13
5, 686. 00
33. 079. 67
2, 003, 008. 59
221, 144. 79
2, 409, 846. 36
483. 179. 94
837, 317. 42
70,021.33
373, 075. 45
19, 330, 357. 68
1, 769, 707. 69
22, 863, 659. 51
10.9
25.0
12.1
20.3
97.5
.34.2
66.
20.0
42.3
30.4
30.5
97.4
38.6
74.5
20.4
32.5
20.3
28.8
93.1
36.0
67.7
14.0
33.5
16.6
27.0
92.6
36.4
67.8
13.9
29.2
14.9
23.5
96.4
35.5
68.4
195
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Property stolen from the victim in an average robbery last year was
valued at $102.89 according to the reports of 214 cities with popula-
tion in excess of 25,000.
The average value of the loot stolen in burglaries was $54.43; and
in larcenies, unaccompanied bj^ the elements of robbery or burglary,
the average value of property stolen was $26.33 per offense.
However, inasmuch as the larceny offenses made up over 59 per-
cent of all the crimes committed, the total value of property stolen
in such cases exceeded that for either burglary or robbery. Similarly,
more than 22 percent of the offenses committed were burglaries as
compared with 3.4 percent for robberies, and consequently the total
value of property stolen in burglary cases exceeded by far that taken
in robberies.
The 214 cities whose reports were studied listed 46,753 automobiles
stolen valued at $19,691,769.43. or an average of $421.19 per car.
However, the police were successful in recovering more than 96 per-
cent of the stolen cars, whereas for other types of property the re-
coveries represented only 26 percent of the property stolen.
In examining the figures presented in table 90 it should be remem-
bered that the number of offenses listed mcludes attempts to commit
offenses, and inasmuch as the thefts were not consummated, the
value of the property sought was not reported. This would naturally
tend to reduce the figure with reference to the average value of the
property stolen per offense.
Table 90. — Value of property stolen, by type oj crime, January to December,
inclusive, 1940; 214. cities over 25,000 in population
[Total population, 26,372.327, based on 1940 decennial census]
Classification
Robbery..
Burglary
Larceny — theft
.\uto tiioft
Total . .
Number of
actual of-
fenses
17, 153
92, 747
242, 693
46, 753
399, 346
Value of prop-
erty stolen
$1, 764, 806. 59
5, 047, 967. 34
6, 389, 279. .59
19, 691, 769. 43
32, 893. 822. 95
Average
value per
offense
.$102. 89
54.43
26.33
421. 19
82.37
The police departments in 236 cities with population in excess of
25,000 listed 4,346 traffic fatalities on their supplementary homicide
reports for 1940. Of these traffic deaths, 1,281 (29.5 percent) were
classified as actual offenses of manslaughter by negligence. In other
words, the police investigation of 29.5 percent of the ti'affic deaths
indicated that they were primarily attributable to the gross negligence
of persons other than the victims. The remaining 70.5 percent
of the traffic deaths were classed as accidental or due primarily to the
negligence of the victims.
198
Under the system of uniform crime reporting, any traffic death
which the pohce investigation discloses was primarily attributable to
the gross negligence of some person other than the victim should be
classed as an offense of manslaughter by negligence. This is true,
regardless of the charge placed against the oft'ender or the findings of
the court or a semijudicial body. In other words, the classification is
based upon the facts set out in the investigating officer's report.
Table 90a. — Number of traffic fatalities and number of offenses of manslaughter by
negligence, January to December, inclusive, 1940, cities over 25,000 inhabitants
by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Number of
traffic deaths
Manslaughter by negligence
Population group
Number of
offenses
Percentage
of traffic
deaths
Group 1: 29 cities over 250,000; total population, 17,665.486
Group II: 40 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total population, 5,771,837.
Group III: 57 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total population, 3,919,127_
Group IV: 110 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total population, 3,950,409.
2,632
841
446
427
660
331
164
126
25.1
39.4
36.8
29.5
Total, groups I-IV: 236 cities; total population, 31.306,859.
4,346
1,281
29.5
199
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200
Estimated Number of Major Crimes in the United States, 1939-40.
The estimated number of major crimes in the United States during
1940 was 1,517,026. This is an increase of 32,472 (2.2 percent) over
1939.
Increases were reflected during 1940 in all oft'ense classes represented
in the tabulation with the exception of robbery and auto theft, which
showed decreases of 3.3 percent and 0.3 percent, respectively. The
increases in criminal homicide and aggravated assault were slight
(less than 1 percent). Rape increased 2.5 percent, burglary 1.7 per-
cent, and larceny 3.3 percent.
The estimates presented in table 91 were based on the monthly
crime reports forwarded to the Federal Bureau of Investigation by
police departments of cities with an aggregate population in excess of
65 million.
It is recognized that the larceny classification includes many thefts
involving property of small value. However, it is also noted that the
estimated total of major crimes does not include miscellaneous crimes
of a serious nature, such as embezzlement, fraud, forgery, counter-
feiting, arson, receiving stolen property, drug violations, carrying
concealed weapons, etc. It is therefore believed that the estimated
totals set out in table 91 are conservative.
Table 91. — Estimated number of major crimes in the United States, 1939-40
O Sense
Number of offenses
1939
1940
Change
Number
Percent
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
Manslaughter by negligence
Rape
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary
Larceny .
Auto theft ..f,
Total --_•_.
7,514
4.394
8,832
55, 242
46, 483
311, 104
872, 988
177, 997
1, 484, 554
7,540
4.425
9,055
53, 435
46, 538
316,369
902,113
177, 551
+26
+31
+223
-1,807
+55
+5, 265
+29, 125
-446
1,517,026
+32, 472
+0.3
+.7
+2.5
-3.3
+.1
+1.7
+3.3
-.3
+2.2
201
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203
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
Source of Data.
Diii-ing the calendar year 1940 the FBI examined 609,013 arrest
records, as evidenced by fingerprint cards, in order to obtain data
concerning the age, sex, race, and previous criminal history of the
persons represented. The compilation has been limited to instances
of arrests for violation of State laws and municipal ordinances. In
other words, fmgerprint cards representing arrests for violations of
Federal laws or representing commitments to any type of penal
institution have been excluded from this tabulation.
The number of fingerprint records examined was considerably
larger than for prior years, which were as follows: 1939, 576,920;
1938, 554,376; 1937, 520,153; 1936, 461,589. The increase in the
number of arrest records examined should not necessarily be con-
strued as reflecting an increase in the amount of crime, nor as an
increase in the number of persons arrested, since it quite probably is
at least partially the result of an increased tendency on the part of
local agencies to contribute fingerprint records to the Identification
Division of the FBI. The tabulation of data from fingerprint cards
obviously does not include all persons arrested, since there are in-
dividuals taken into custody for whom no fingerprint cards are
forwarded to Washington. Furthermore, data pertaining to persons
arrested should not be treated as information regarding the number of
offenses committed, since two or more persons may be involved in
the joint commission of a single oftense, and on the other hand one
person may be arrested and charged with the commission of several
separate crimes.
Offense Charged.
More than 39 percent (240,680) of the records examined during
1940 represented arrests for major violations as follows:
Criminal homicide 6, 351
Robbery 13,251
Assault 34,018
Burglary . i 34, 829
Larceny (except auto theft) 62, 440
Auto theft 13, 364
Embezzlement and fraud 19, 132
Stolen property (receiving, etc.) 3, 577
Arson _• I. 081
Forgery and counterfeiting . 7, 105
Rape 6, 031
Narcotic drug laws 5,014
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 5, 684
Driving while intoxicated 28, 803
Total 240,680
204
Persons charged with murder, robbery, assault, burglary, larceny,
or auto theft numbered 164,253 which represents 27 percent of the
total arrest records examined.
Sex.
Males arrested outnumbered females arrested for all types of crimes
except commercialized vice. However, there are significant differ-
ences in the criminal tendencies of males and females which are re-
vealed when a study is made of the figures representing an average
group of 1,000 men arrested in comparison with an average group of
1,000 women arrested. Such a comparison indicates there were more
women than men charged with murder, assaidt, commercialized vice,
and narcotic drug violations. In the average group of 1,000 men
arrested and the average group of 1,000 women arrested, 13 women
and 10 men were charged with criminal homicide; 63 women and 55
men with assault; 38 women and 5 men with narcotic drug violations.
On the other hand, men predominated in most of the remaining types
of crimes, particularly in robberies, burglaries, and auto thefts.
During 1940, 8.5 percent (51,950) of the records represented women.
This is an increase over the corresponding figures for prior years,
which are as follows: 1939, 7.6 percent; 1938, 6.8 percent; 1937, 6.9
percent; 1936, 7.3 percent; 1935, 6.9 percent; 1934, 6.9 percent;
1933, 7.2 percent.
Table 92. — Distribution of arrests by sex, Jan. 1-Dec. SI, 1940
Offense charged
Number
Percent
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Criminal homicide - -
6,351
13, 251
■ 34, 018
34, 829
62, 440
13, 364
19, 132
3,577
1,081
7,105
6,031
8,987
9,548
5,014
5,684
7,978
9,957
28,803
5,953
49
9,498
29,403
115.848
53,664
13, 283
62,090
4,286
37, 789
5,671
12, 662
30, 769
34, 204
57,094
13, 156
18, 067
3,313
987
6,654
6,031
2,494
8,154
3,051
5,423
7,730
8,140
28,001
5,851
49
9,295
2.5, 739
108, 292
48, 952
12, 488
55, 361
3,966
35, 469
680
589
3,249
625
5,346
208
1,065
264
94
451
1.0
2.2
5.6
5.7
10.3
2.2
3.1
.6
.2
1.2
1.0
1.5
1.6
.8
.9
1.3
1.6
4.7
1.0
(')
1.6
4.8
19.0
8.8
2.2
10.2
. 7
6.2
1.0
2.3
5.5
6.1
10.2
2.4
3.2
.6
2
l!2
1.1
.4
1.5
.5
1.0
1.4
1.5
5.0
1. 1
(')
1.7
4.6
19.4
8.8
2.3
9.9
. 7
6.4
1.3
Robbery - -. -
1.1
Assault -
6.3
Burglary — breaking or entering-
1.1
Larceny — theft -
10.3
Auto theft - - .
.4
Embezzlement and fraud ..
2.1
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
.5
Arson
.2
Foreerv and counterfeiting
.9
Prostitution and commercialized vice
6,493
1,394
1,963
261
248
1,817
802
102
12.5
Other sex offenses .- - -
2.7
Narcotic drug laws
3.8
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
.5
Offenses against family and children - --
.5
Liquor laws
3.5
Driving while intoxicated
1.5
Road and driving laws -
.2
other traflSc and motor vehicle laws
203
3,664
7,556
4,712
795
6,729
320
2,320
.4
Disorderly conduct .
7.0
Drunkenness .
14.5
9.1
Gambling
1.5
Suspicion
13.0
Not stated
.6
All other offenses
4.5
Total -
609,013
557.063
51, 950
100.0
100.0
100.0
' Less than Mo of 1 percent.
205
Age.
During 1940 ago 19 predoininatod in (ho froquoncy of arrosts and
was followod by agos 21 and 22, rospoctivoly. This difiois from tho
situation in 1939 whon arrests for age 21 were less frequent tlian for
ago 18 or 22.
During 5 of the past 9 years age 19 has predominated in the fre-
quency of arrests, 1932-34 and 1939-40. Arrests for ages 21, 22, and
23 exceeded arrests for age 19 in 1935-38. Figures for the groups in
which the largest number of arrosts occurred during 1940 are as
follows:
4 . Number of arrests
19 24,870
2i]^ ' 23, 9r)7
22 _ 23,878
18 23, r)05
23!!'!-!- .1! 23, 208
The percentage of the total persons arrested who wore less than 21
years old was 17.4 m 1936; 18.0 in 1937; 18.8 in 1938; 18.9 in 1939;
and 17.5 in 1940.
There were 106,298 persons less than 21 years old arrested and
fingerprinted during 1940. In addition, there were 92,913 (15.3
percent) between the ages of 21 and 24, making a total of 199,211
(32.7 percent) less than 25 years old. Arrests in age group 25-29
numbered 99,556 (16.3 percent) resulting in a total of 298,767 (49.1
percent) less than 30 years of age. (With reference to the ages of
persons represented by fingerprint cards received at the FBI, it
should be borne in mind that the number of arrest records is doubtless
incomplete in the lower age groups because in some jurisdictions the
practice is not to fingerprint youthful individuals.)
206
207
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208
Confirming studies made in prior years, the 1940 figures indicate
that youths commit a large proportion of the total offenses against
property. This is particularly true with reference to robbery, bur-
glary, larceny, and auto theft, as revealed by the following tabulation:
Table 94. — Percentage distribution of arrests by age groups
Age group
All
oflenses '
Criminal
homicide
Robbery
Burglary
Larceny
Auto theft
Under 21
17.5
31.6
25.7
15.5
9.6
.1
12.5
37.2
26.5
13.9
9.8
. 1
28.8
44.5
19.0
5.8
1.8
.1
44.8
32.5
14.9
5.6
2.1
.1
32.0
32.3
19.8
10.3
5.5
.1
53.3
21-29
32.2
30-39 -- -
10.8
40-49
2.9
50 and over -. -.
.7
Unknown
.1
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100 0
1 Not limited to specific crimes listed in the table.
The extent to which youthful offenders committed crimes against
property is further revealed by an examination of the age distribution
of all persons arrested for such crimes. Durmg 1940, there were
154,779 persons of all ages arrested for robbery, burglary, larceny,
auto theft, embezzlement and fraud, forgery and counterfeiting,
receiving stolen property, and arson; and 49,866 (32.2 percent) of
those persons were less than 21 years old. The corresponding per-
centages for prior years are as follows: 1939, 32.9; 1938, 31.5; 1937,
31.0; 1936, 28.5.
The extent of the participation of youth in the commission of crimes
against property is further indicated by the following figures. During
1940, 32.7 percent of all persons arrested were less than 25 years of
age. However, persons less than 25 years old numbered 53.5 percent
of those charged with robbery, 63.6 percent of those charged with
burglary, 49.3 percent of those charged with larceny, and 73.1 percent
of those charged with auto theft. More than one-half of all crimes
against property durmg 1940 were committed by persons imder 25
years of age.
2(19
210
Table 95. — Number and percentage of arrests of persons under 25 years of age, male
and female, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1940
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice .
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children.. .
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor-vehicle laws...
D isorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Total num-
ber of per-
sons ar-
rested
6,351
13, 251
34, 018
34, 829
62, 440
13, 364
19, 132
3,577
1,081
7,105
6,031
8,987
9,548
5,014
5,684
7,978
9,957
28, 803
5, 953
49
9,498
29, 403
115,848
53. 664
13, 283
62, 090
4,286
37, 789
609, 013
Number
under 21
years of age
797
3,813
3,906
15, 620
20, 008
7,117
1.339
686
205
1,078
1.592
638
1,327
466
1,014
393
761
1, 134
1, 028
5
1,803
4,082
4,492
8,811
738
13, 310
592
9,543
106, 298
Total num-
ber under
25 years of
age
1,878
7.090
9,228
22, 141
30, 793
9,768
4.098
1,281
357
2,341
2, 895
2, 857
2, 803
1,342
2,034
1, 532
2,073
4,378
2,466
15
3,881
8, 883
14,214
17. 323
2,119
24, 278
1,205
15, 938
199, 211
Percentage
under 21
years of age
12.5
28.8
11.5
44.8
32.0
53.3
7.0
19.2
19.0
15.2
26.
7.
13.
9.
17.
4.
3.
17.
10.2
19.0
13.9
3.9
16.4
5.6
21.4
13.8
25.3
17.5
Total per-
centage
under 25
years of age
29.6
53.5
27.1
63.6
49.3
73.1
21.4
35.8
33.0
32.9
48.0
31.8
29.4
26.8
35.8
19.2
20.8
15.2
41.4
30.6
40.9
30.2
12.3
32.3
16.0
39.1
28.1
42.2
32.7
In examining the percentage distribution of arrests by age for males
alone, it is found that in the frequency of arrests age 19 is followed
by ages 18, 21, and 22, respectively. This differs from the figures for
all persons arrested, which showed more arrests for ages 21 and 22
than for age 18.
The age distribution of females arrested differs substantially from
the corresponding figures for males and those for both sexes combined.
For females the largest number of arrests was for ages 22, 23, and 24.
To facilitate comparison, data for separate sexes for selected indi-
vidual age groups are presented herewith:
1
Number of arrests
Age
Number of arrests
Age
Male and
female
Male
Female
Male and
female
Male
Female
19
21 ._
24. 870
23, 957
23, 878
23,505
22, 659
21,525
20,814
21, 634
2,211
2,432
3,064
1,871
23
20
24
23,208
22, 591
21, 870
20,175
20,517
19, 252
3,033
2,074
22
2,618
18
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213
Criminal Repeaters.
The 1940 ligurcs attain disclose the oxtont of the serious problem of
the criminal repeater. Duriii<2; the caleiular year, there were 50 per-
sons arrested for criminal homicide wliose records showed prior con-
victions of murder or manslaughter. Similarly, the figures listed
hereafter indicate instances of persons charged witli crimes during 1940
whose criminal histories contained prior convictions of the same type
of oft'ense:
Robbery 837
Burglary ■.-.1 3, 793
Larceny 6, 469
Auto theft 742
Embezzlement and fraud 1, 592
Forgery and counterfeiting 727
Rape 77
Narcotic drug laws 1, 003
Driving while intoxicated 1, 450
The compilation generally reflects a tendency on the part of recid-
ivists to repeat the same type of offense. This is particularly true
with reference to crimes against property.
One-half of the persons whose records show^ed prior convictions had
been convicted of a major violation before they were arrested and
fingerprinted in 1940. Prior convictions for the more serious types of
crimes were revealed as follows:
Criminal homicide 1, 621
Robbery :. 7, 382
Assault 10, 497
Burglary 20,092
Larceny (and related offenses) 44, 909
Arson 210
Forgery and counterfeiting 4, 973
Rape . 1, 335
Narcotic drug laws 3, 651
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 2, 111
Driving while intoxicated^ 6, 659
Total 103,440
Of the 009,01.3 arrest records (>xamined during 1940, there were
304,300 (50.0 percent) representing individuals who already had
fingerprint cards on file in the Jdentification Division of the FB 1.
There were, in addition, 6,922 current records bearing notations
relative to previous criminal activities of persons arrested during
1940 although their fingerprints had not been on fil(> prior to 1940.
This makes a total of 311,222 persons arrested during the year con-
cerning whom there was information on file dealing with prior criminal
activities, and the records showed that 206,484 of them had been
214
convicted previously of one or more crimes. This number is 66.3
percent of the 311,222 records containing data concerning prior
criminal activities, and 33.9 percent of the 609,013 arrest records
examined. The records of the 206,484 persons reveal a total of 540,847
convictions prior to 1940. In 226,301 instances the convictions were
of major offenses, whereas in 314,546 cases the convictions were based
on violations less serious in nature.
As previously indicated, women represented 8.5 percent of the total
persons arrested and fingerprinted during 1940. However, only 5.9
percent of the 206,484 persons with previous convictions represented
women. Of the total males arrested and fingerprinted during the
year, 51.0 percent had previous fingerprint records on file, whereas
the corresponding percentage for females was 38.6.
Table 98. — Number with previous fingerprint records, arrests, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1940
Offense charged
Total
Number
arrested
Previous
finger-
print
record
Male
Number
arrested
Previous
finger-
print
record
Female
Number
arrested
Previous
finger-
print
record
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — brealiing or entering
Larceny — theft -
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud,. _
Stolen property; buying, receiving, ete..-
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Ofifenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor- vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other oSenses
Total
6,351
13, 251
34, 018
34, 829
62, 440
13, 364
19, 132
3, 577
1,081
7,105
6,031
8,987
9,548
5,014
5,684
7,978
9,957
28,803
5, 953
49
9,498
29, 403
115,848
53, 664
13,283
62, 090
4,286
37, 789
1,964
7,822
14, 751
17, 146
29, 059
6,425
10, 075
1,366
342
4,035
2,202
4,862
3,377
3,197
2,250
3,157
4,550
9,981
1, 883
16
3,613
13, 764
66, 639
35, 281
4,783
31, 185
2,411
18, 164
5,671
12, 662
30, 769
34, 204
57, 094
13, 156
18, 067
3,313
987
6,654
6,031
2,494
8,154
3,051
5,423
7,730
8,140
28,001
5,851
49
9,295
25, 739
108, 292
48, 952
12, 488
55, 361
3,966
35, 469
1,833
7,543
13, 910
16, 948
27, 412
6,370
9,706
1,300
331
3,916
2,202
1,117
2,997
2,205
2.189
3,105
4,043
9,784
1,857
16
3.568
12, 569
63, 320
32, 874
4,614
28, 589
2,298
17, 609
680
589
3,249
625
5,346
208
1,065
264
94
451
6,493
1,394
1,963
261
248
1,817
802
102
203
3.664
7,556
4,712
795
6,729
320
2,320
131
279
841
198
1,647
55
369
66
11
119
3,745
380
992
61
52
507
197
26
45
1, 195
3,319
2,407
169
2,596
113
555
609. 013
304, 300
557, 063
284, 225
51, 950
20, 075
215
Table 99. — Percentage with previous fiiiger-print records, arrests, male and female,
Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1940
Offense
Vagrancy ---
Narcotic drug laws
Robhery. .
Drunkenness _ . ^ - ..
FofKory and counterfeiting...
Prostitution and eomnicrcialized vioe.
Embezzleniont and fraud
Suspicion
Burjilary— breaking or entering
Autotheft -
All other oiTcnses
Disorderly conduct
Larceny— theft.-"
Liquor laws
Percent
65.7
63.8
59.0
57.5
56.8
54.1
52.7
."iO. 2
49.2
48.1
48.1
46.8
46.5
45.7
Offense
Assault
Offenses against family and children _.
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc. . ..
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Other trallic and motor-vehicle laws .
Haiie -
(lamhling
Other sex offenses
Driving while intoxicated.
Parking violations '
Arson
Road and driving laws..
Criminal homicide
Percent
43.4
39.6
39.6
38.2
38. 0
36. 5
36.0
35, 4
34.7
32.7
31.6
31.6
30.9
• Only 49 fingerprint cards were received representing arrests for violation of parking regulations.
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222
Table 103. — Number of cases in which fingerprint records show 1 or more prior
convictions, and the total of prior convictions disclosed by the records, male and
female, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1940
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering _
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children..
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws.-
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total '.
Number of
records show-
ing 1 or more
prior con-
victions
1,265
5,286
9,962
11,824
19, 919
4,044
6,240
859
224
2, 680
1,457
3, 141
2,172
2,289
1,541
1,835
3,234
6,543
1. 182
10
2,372
9,813
48, 270
23, 722
2,713
19, 203
1,690
12, 994
206, 484
Number of
prior con-
victions of
major of-
fenses
1,496
8,548
11,936
19,711
32, 413
5,907
9,644
1,177
237
4,603
1,767
4,547
2, 647
5,444
2,140
1,832
2, 104
5,688
973
9
2,232
8,370
27, 704
21, 580
2, 981
24, 104
2,202
14, 305
Number of
prior con-
victions of
minor of-
fenses
1,044
4,979
10, 313
10, 402
23, 481
3,143
5,136
726
163
1,709
1, 117
2,505
2,089
2,239
1,367
1,599
4,778
6,640
1,156
12
2,663
17, 781
115, 309
48, 068
2,253
24, 712
1,953
17,209
226, 301
314,546
Total num-
ber of prior
convictions
disclosed
2,540
13, 527
22, 249
30, 113
55, 894
9,050
14, 780
1,903
400
6,312
2,884
7,052
4,736
7,683
3,507
3,431
6,882
12, 328
2,129
21
4,895
26, 151
143, 013
69, 648
5,234
48, 816
4,155
31,514
540.847
Race.
Most of the persons represented in this study were members of
the white and Negro races. Excluding Mexicans, who numbered
23,184, members of the white race represent 439,695 of the 609,013
arrest records received, while 138,746 were Negroes, 3,647 Indians,
1,032 Chinese, 440 Japanese, and 2,269 all others.
Inasmuch as whites greatly outnumber Negroes in the general popu-
lation of the United States, it is significant to express the figures repre-
senting whites and Negroes arrested in terms of the number of each
in the general population. According to the 1930 decennial census,
there were, exclusive of those imder 15 years of age, 8,041,014 Negroes,
13,069,192 foreign-born whites, and 64,365,193 native w^iites in the
United States. (Similar figures l)ased on the 1940 decennial census are
not yet available.)
223
Of each 100,000 Negroes in the general population of the United
States, 1,708 were arrested and finger[)nnted during 1940, whereas the
corresponding figure for native whites was 620 and for foreign-horn
whites 202. The relationship hetween the three figures will of course
vaiy consich'rahly for indivichial types of violations.
In connection with the foregoing data, it is of some significance to
point out that the figure for native whites includes the immediate
descendants of foreign-born individuals. Persons desiring to make a
thorough study of the comparative amounts of crime committed by
native whites and foreign-born whites should refer to existing compi-
lations showing the number of instances in which offenders are of
foreign or mixed parentage. Such information camiot be presented
here for the reason that fingerprint arrest records do not provide for
the recording of such data.
Table 104. — Distribution of arrests according to race, male and female,
Jan. 1-Dec. SI, 1940
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery^ -.- .-
Assault -
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft -
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape . --
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
Other sex oflfenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children..
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated..
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws. .
Disorderly conduct .
Drunkenness.
Vagrancy
Oambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total.
White
3,539
8,643
17, 331
25,269
42, 430
10,928
16, 475
2,519
867
6,332
4,385
6,374
7,800
3,118
2,857
6,431
5,074
24,962
4,387
37
7,017
19,583
92, 629
39,500
6,809
43, 485
3,228
27,686
439, 695
Race
Negro
2,549
4.077
14, 978
8.531
17, 763
1,983
2,206
977
188
646
1,333
2,283
1,426
968
2,606
1,247
4,700
1,967
1,285
7
1,990
8, 255
14, 192
10,485
5,563
16,806
836
8,899
138, 746
In-
dian
25
50
164
130
263
60
66
4
3
26
31
74
33
28
8
22
47
284
44
Chi-
nese
47
210
,232
319
4
277
32
164
3,647
7
11
44
9
26
3
8
1
15
9
16
527
8
1
14
7
3
2
10
15
46
187
28
3
24
Jap-
anese
4
1
21
11
14
6
11
1
1
4
4
18
8
8
4
1
10
19
3
12
7
59
26
147
7
6
27
Mexi-
can
192
385
1,267
776
1,792
363
318
68
18
73
207
188
216
300
152
259
104
1,493
211
4
370
1,239
7, .577
3. 003
320
1,283
154
853
1,032
440 23, 184
All
others
35
84
213
103
152
21
48
7
4
16
56
41
50
65
49
17
8
71
20
1
60
99
144
285
253
204
27
1.36
2,269
Total,
all
races
6,351
13, 251
34,018
34,829
■ 62,440
13, 364
19, 132
3.577
1,081
7, 105
6,031
8,987
9,548
5, 014
5, 684
7,978
9,957
28,803
5,953
49
9,498
29, 403
115,848
53, 664
13, 283
62,090
4,286
37, 789
609,013
224
Table 105. — Distribution of arrests according to race, male, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1940
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice-
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children.
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other trafhc and motor-vehicle laws. -
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Race
White
3,326
8,333
16, 606
24, 877
39, 655
10, 764
15, 636
2,405
800
5,964
4,385
1,669
6,749
1,521
2,775
6, 234
4, 534
24, 240
4,309
37
6,871
17, 720
87, 138
36, 088
6. 531
38, 735
3,021
26, 156
407, 079
Negro
2,094
3,812
12, 507
8,326
15, 341
1,945
1,992
837
163
571
1,333
684
1, 115
689
2,428
1,202
3,443
1,913
1,262
7
1,943
6, 534
12, 418
9,452
5,055
14, 961
733
8,187
120, 947
In-
dian
20
45
151
128
238
60
62
3
3
24
31
12
22
16
8
22
41
268
44
46
188
1,128
265
3
224
30
151
3,233
Chi-
nese
7
11
43
9
26
3
15
7
16
524
8
1
13
7
3
2
10
15
44
187
27
3
24
1,021
Jap-
anese
4
1
20
11
14
6
11
1
1
4
4
17
7
7
4
1
9
19
3
12
7
58
26
146
7
6
24
430
Mexi-
can
185
379
1,232
751
1,707
358
315
60
16
70
207
77
197
235
151
254
92
1,483
210
4
363
1,187
394
814
315
233
147
799
22, 235
All
others
35
81
210
102
113
20
43
7
4
13
56
28
48
59
49
16
S
71
20
1
58
93
141
263
251
174
26
128
2, 118
Total,
all
races
5,671
12, 662
30, 769
34, 204
57, 094
13, 156
18, 067
3,313
987
6,654
6,031
2,494
8, 154
3,051
5,423
7,730
8, 140
28,001
5,851
49
9,295
25, 739
108, 292
48, 952
12, 488
55,361
3,966
35, 469
557, 063
Table 106. — Distribution of arrests according to race, female, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1940
Race
Total,
Offense charged
White
Negro
In-
dian
Chi-
nese
Jap-
anese
Mexi-
can
All
others
all
races
Criminal homicide
213
310
725
392
2,775
164
839
114
67
368
455
265
2,471
205
2,422
38
214
140
25
75
5
5
13
2
25
7
6
35
25
85
5
3
8
2
3
3
3
1
39
1
5
3
680
Robbery
589
Assault _ - -.-
1
1
3,249
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larcenv — theft
625
5,346
208
Embezzlement and fraud -- .
4
1
1, 065
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc.
1
264
94
Forcrerv and counterfeitiner
2
451
0
Prostitution and commercialized vice..
Other sex offenses
4,705
1,051
1,597
82
197
540
722
78
1,599
311
279
178
45
1,257
54
23
62
11
12
2
3
1
1
1
111
18
65
1
5
12
10
1
13
2
6
.-
6,493
1,394
Narcotic drug laws .
1,963
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children..,
Linuor laws ..
261
248
6
16
1
1
1,817
Driving while intoxicated
802
Road and driving laws
102
0
Other traffie and motor-vehicle laws
146
1,863
5,491
3,412
278
4,750
207
1.530
47
1,721
1,774
1,033
508
1,845
103
712
1
22
104
54
1
53
2
13
7
52
183
189
5
50
7
54
2
6
3
22
2
30
1
8
203
Disorderly conduct
3,6(i4
Drunkenness
2
i'
1
7, 556
Vagrancy -
4,712
Gambling _- -
795
Suspicion _
6,729
Not stated
320
All other offenses
3
2,320
Total..
32, 616
17, 799
454
11
10
949
151
51,950
225
Tahi.k 107.- \^i(mber of arrests of Xcgrocs (lutl whites in proportion to the number
of each in the general population of the country, male and female, J ait. 1 Dec.
31, 1940, rate per 100,000 of population >
[Excluding those under 15 years of age]
Offense charged
Native white
Foreign-born
white
Negro
Criminal homicide
Robbery..
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc.
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice..
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children.. ,
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other trallic and motor-vehicle laws...
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling -
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
4.6
12.4
23.2
36.3
61.1
16.0
23.0
3.3
1.1
9.3
6.2
8.7
10.5
4.5
3.9
9.0
6.9
35.6
6.5
.1
10.1
27.6
128.9
56.4
8.0
63.3
4.6
38.8
m
3.3
2.3
16.2
fi. 1
15.4
1.9
7.3
2.7
.9
1.6
2.5
1.5
6.1
1.2
2.2
3.9
4.3
10.9
1.3
2.5
12.9
42.9
17.2
5.5
13.9
1.6
13.6
619.9
201.7
31.6
50.6
IS.-i. 8
103.0
214.7
24.4
27.4
12.0
2.3
7.9
16.5
28.4
17.7
12.0
32.3
15.5
58.4
24.4
16.0
. 1
24.7
102.0
176.5
129.7
69. 1
206.3
10.4
108.4
1, 708. 1
' Population figures from Federal census, Apr. 1 , 1930.
> Less than Mo of 1 per 100,000.
Size of Fingerprint File.
At the end of December 1940, there were 15,023,719 fingerprint
records and 15,868,850 index cards containing the names and ahases
of individuals on file in the Identification Division of the FBI. Of
each 100 fingerprint cards received during 1940, more than 61 were
identified with those on file in the Bureau. Fugitives numbering
7,530 were identified through fingerprint records during 1940, and
interested law enforcement officials were immediately notified of the
whereabouts of those fugitives. As of December 31, 1940, there were
11,130 poHce departments, peace officers, and law-enforcement agen-
cies tlu'oughout the United States and foreign countries vohmtarily
contributing fingerprints to the F" B I.
OFFENSE CLASSIFICATIONS
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in part I and
part II offenses, there follows a brief definition of each classification:
Part I Offenses.
1 . Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter includes all
wilful felonious homicides as distinguished from deaths caused by negligence.
Does not include attempts to kill, assaults to kill, suicides, accidental deaths, or
justifiable homicides. Justifiable homicides excluded from this classification are
limited to the following types of cases: (1) The killing of a felon b.v a peace officer
in line of duty. (2) The killing of a hold-up man by a private citizen. (6) Man-
slaughter by negligence includes any death which the police investigation estab-
lishes was primarily attributable to gross negligence on the part of some individual
other than the victim.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape (no force used — victim under
age of consent), assault to rape, and attempted rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as strong-arm robbery, stick-ups,
robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by the use of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safecrack-
ing, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or a theft, even though no force was
used to gain entrance. Includes attempted burglary. Burglary followed by
larceny is included in this classification and not counted again as larceny.
6. Larceny — theft (except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value. (6)
Under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclas.sifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, thefts of bicycles, automobile accessories,
shoplifting, pocket-picking, or any stealing of property or article of value which
is not taken by force and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement,
"con" games, forgery, worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the so-called joy-riding thefts. Does not include
taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unauthorized use
by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
Part II Offenses.
8. Other assaults. — Includes all assaults and attempted assaults which are not
of an aggravated nature and which do not belong in class 4.
9. Forgery and counterfeiting. — Includes offenses dealing with the making,
altering, uttering, or possessing, with intent to defraud, anything false which is
made to appear true. Includes attempts.
10. Embezzlement and fraud. — Includes all offen.ses of fraudulent conversion,
embezzlement, and obtaining money or property by false pretenses.
(226)
227
11. Stolen property; buying, receiving, poaaetn^ijig. Includes buying, receiving,
and possessing stolen property as well as attempts to commit any of those offenses.
12. Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc. — Includes all violations of regulations
or statutes controlling the carrying, using, possessing, lurnishing, and manufactur-
ing of deadly weapons or silencers and all attempts to violate such statutes or
regidations.
13. Prostitution and commercialized vice. — Includes sex offenses of a commercial-
ized nature, or attempts to commit the same, such as, prostitution, keeping
l)awdy house, procuring, transporting, or detaining women for immoral I'urposes.
14. Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution and commercialized vice).^ — In-
cludes offenses against chastity, common decency, morals, and the like. Includes
attempts.
15. Offenses against tlie family and children. — Includes offenses of nonsupport,
neglect, desertion, or abuse of family and children.
16. Narcotic drug laivs. — Includes offenses relating to narcotic drugs, such as
unlawful possession, .sale, or use. Exclude Federal offenses.
17. Liquor laws. — With the exception of "Drunkenness" (class 18) and "Driving
while intoxicated" (class 22), liquor law violations, State or local, are i)laced in
this class. lOxclude Federal violations.
18. Drunkenness. — Includes all offenses of drunkenness or intoxication.
19. Disorderly conduct.— Inchida^ all charges of committing a breach of the
peace.
20. Vagrancy. — Includes such offenses as vagabondage, begging, loitering, etc.
21. GambliJig. — Includes offenses of promoting, permitting, or engaging in
gambling.
22. Driving while intoxicated. — Includes driving or operating any motor vehicle
while drunk or under the influence of liquor or narcotics.
23. Violation of road and driving laivs. — Includes violations of regulations. with
respect to the proper handling of a motor vehicle to prevent accidents.
24. Parking violations. — Inchides violations of parking ordinances.
25. Other violations of traffic and motor vehicle laws. — Includes violations of
State laws and municipal ordinances with regard to traffic and motor vehicles
not otherwise provided for in classes 22-24.
26. All other offenses. — Includes all violations of State or local laws for which
no provision has been made above in classes 1-25.
27. Suspicion. — This classification includes all persons arrested as suspicious
characters, but not in connection with any specific offense, who are released with-
out formal charges being placed against them.
INDEX TO VOLUME XI, UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
[All references are to page numbers]
Age of offenders. (See Arrests.)
Annual crime trends: Page
Cities grouped by size 5-7, 65-67, 122-123
Cities grouped by location 170-171
Estimated total number of major crimes, 1939-40 200-202
Arrests — based on fingerprint records 109-114, 141-149, 203 225
Age of offenders 110-112, 142-146, 205-212
Race of offenders 114, 149, 222-225
Recidivism 113-114, 147-148, 213-222
Sex of offenders 109-110, 141-142, 204
Automobiles — Percentage of stolen recovered 15, 81, 135, 193
Classification of offenses 2, 54-55, 62-63, 115-116, 118, 150-151, 156, 226-227
Cleared by arrest, offenses 19-22, 33-34
By geographic divisions 35-52
Convictions, previous. (See Arrests — recidivism.)
Crimes. (See Arrests, estimated number, offenses, persons charged, per-
sons found guilty, and persons released.)
Criminal repeaters. (See Arrests — recidivism.)
Employees, number of police 86-108
Fingerprint records . 109-114, 141-149, 203-225
Offenses known to the police:
Annual variations 5-7,65-67, 122-123, 170-171,200-202
Cities grouped by location 8-10, 68-72, 124-128, 172-176
Cities grouped by location and size 8-10, 68-72, 124-128, 177
Cities grouped by size 4-5, 64r-65, 120-121, 160-162
Cleared by arrest-_ 19-22, 33-34
Cleared by arrest, by geographic divisions 35-52
Divided as to time and place and value of property stolen ■ 14-15,
79-81, 83-84, 134, 188-192
Individual cities over 100,000 in population^ 11-13, 73-75, 129-131, 178-185
Individual cities over 25,000 in population 178-185
Monthly variations 161-169
Rural areas 13, 75, 133, 186
Compared with urban areas 76-77, 186
Territories and possessions of the United States 14, 78, 133, 187
Persons charged (held for prosecution) . 20-26
By geographic divisions 35-53
For individual cities with more than 25,000 inhabitants 136-140
Persons found guilty 26-29
Persons released (not held for prosecution) 30-33
Police department employees 86-1 08
Police officers killed by criminals, 1939 85
Possessions and territories of the United States, offenses in 14, 78, 133, 187
Property, value stolen and recovered 15-16, 81-82, 135, 193-197
(228)
229
Prosecution, persons hold for. {See Persons charged iuid persons found
guilty.)
Race of offenders. (See Arrests.)
Recidivism. (See Arre.sts.) Page.
Reporting area, extent of 2-3, 63, 119, 156-159
Contributors by States 159
Rural crime data 13, 75, 133, 186
Compared with urban 76-77, 186
Se.x of offenders. {See Arrests.)
Sheriffs' reports 13, 75, 133, 186
State crime rates. (See Offenses known — cities grouped bj^ location.)
State police reports 13, 75, 133, 186
Territories and possessions of the United States, offenses in 14, 78, 133, 187
Traffic fatalities, percentage classed as negligent homicide 197-199
Trends, annual crime:
Cities grouped by location 170-171
Cities grouped l)y size 5-7, 65-67, 122-123
Estimated total number of major crimes, 1939-40 200-202
Trends, monthly crime 161-169
Value of property stolen and recovered 15-16, 81-82, 135, 193-197
o
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