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UNIFORM
CRIME
REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
ISSUED BY THE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Volume XII Number f
FIRST QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1941
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume XII — Number 1
FIRST QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1941
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
ADVISORY
International Association of Chiefs of Police
OBLIi
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1941
*c\z
5'3, ^A^
CONTENTS
Yo\*
i\ '
^j
*6
Page
Summary of volume XII, No. 1_ _ 1-2
Classification of offenses 2-3
Extent of reporting area L _ 3-4
Monthly reports:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population
(table 1) 5-6
Annual trends, offenses known to the police, 1940-41 (table 2) 6-8
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location
(tables 3, 4) 9-11
Offenses in individual cities over 100,000 in population (table 5) 12-14
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police (table 6) 14-15
Offenses known in Territories and possessions (table 7) 15
Annual reports:
Offenses known and offenses cleared by arrest, 1940 — cities divided
according to population (tables 8, 9) 16-24
Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1940 — cities divided according
to population (tables 10-12) 25-29
Offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest, and persons found guilty.
1940 (tables 13, 14) . _ 29-33
Persons released (not held for prosecution), 1940 — cities divided
according to population (tables 15, 16) - 33-36
Percentage of offenses cleared by arrest, 1934-40 (table 17) 36-38
Offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest, and persons charged, 1940,
by geographic divisions (tables 18-37) 39-61
Definition of part I and part II offense classifications 62-63
(ID
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department
of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume XII April 1941 Number 1
SUMMARY
Crime Trends, January-March, 1940-41.
Murders increased 15.4 percent during the first 3 months of this
year over the first quarter of 1940, according to the police in 349 of
the Nation's largest cities. Rapes increased 5.8 percent, and other
felonious assaults, 2.2 percent. Two property crimes showed in-
creases as follows: Auto theft. 4.0 percent; and larceny, 1.6 percent.
Negligent homicides were 14.9 percent less frequent during the
first 3 months of 1941. and other crimes showing decreases were rob-
bery, 6.3 percent; and burglary. 3.7 percent.
Distribution of Crimes, 1941.
Crimes totaling 211.301 were reported during January-March, 1941
by police departments in 2.015 cities representing a combined popula-
tion of 63,023.(341. Only 3.8 percent of these were crimes against the
person, including criminal homicides, rapes, and other felonious as-
saults. Fifty-eight and five-tenths percent of the offenses reported
were larcenies; 22.3 percent were burglaries; 11.9 percent were auto
thefts; and 3.5 percent were robberies.
Crimes occurring per unit of population varied according to the
size of the city and, more noticeably, according to location. The
bulletin contains average crime figures for cities grouped by size and
by location to facilitate comparisons of local figures with national or
regional averages.
Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1940.
Of every 100 offenses committed, 28 were cleared last year by the
arrest of 22 persons. The range in the percentage of clearances was
wide for individual offense classes. For example, of each 100 murders
committed, 89 were cleared by the arrest of 87 persons, while 23 of
each 100 larcenies were cleared by the arrest of 18 individuals. For
other offenses the proportion of crimes cleared was as follows: Negli-
gent manslaughter, 83.4 percent; rape, 79.4 percent; aggravated
assault, 73.7 percent; robbery, 41.8 percent; burglary, 33.1 percent;
and auto theft, 23.8 percent.
(l)
The proportion of offenses of criminal homicide, robbery, aggravated
assault, burglary, and auto theft cleared during 1940 was higher than
the average clearances during the 6-year period immediately preced-
ing. Only two offenses — rape and larceny — did not show improve-
ment in this respect.
Included in the bulletin are average figures for cities grouped by
size and location, showing the percentage of offenses cleared by
arrest.
Persons Charged, 1940.
Including persons who responded to traffic tickets, 5,349,563 persons
were arrested last year by the police in 1,212 cities over 2,500 in popu-
lation; the majority (73.1 percent) of these were charged with traffic
violations. Over half (55.3 percent) of the remaining persons ar-
rested were charged with drunkenness or disorderly conduct. How-
ever, 159,115 of the individuals arrested in these cities were charged
with criminal homicide, rape, other felonious assault, robbery, carrying
concealed weapons, violation of narcotic drug laws, burglary, auto
theft, larceny, forgery, counterfeiting, receiving stolen property,
embezzlement or fraud.
During the 1940 calendar year, 76.4 percent of the persons charged
with robbery, burglary, larceny, and auto theft were found guilty,
while persons found guilty of crimes against the person (criminal
homicide, rape, and aggravated assault) represented 53.0 percent of
those charged with such crimes. Of the persons charged with other
types of offenses, 78.8 percent were found guilty.
CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES
The term "offenses known to the police" is designed to include those
crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification occur-
ring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known to
the police through reports of police officers, of citizens, of prosecuting
or court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the following
group of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience to be
those most generally and completely reported to the police: Criminal
homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and (b)
manslaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated assault; bur-
glary— breaking or entering; larceny — theft; and auto theft. The
figures contained herein include also the number of attempted crimes
of the designated classes. Attempted murders, however, are reported
as aggravated assaults. In other words, an attempted burglary or
robbery, for example, is reported in the bulletin in the same manner
as if the crime had been completed.
"Offenses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the police depart-
ments of contributing cities and not merely arrests or cleared cases.
Complaints which upon investigation are Learned to be groundless are
not included in the tabulations which follow.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out as
current information which may throw some light on problems of crime
and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
In the last section of this bulletin may be found brief definitions of
part I and part II offense classifications.
EXTENT OF REPORTING AREA
In the following table there is shown the number of police depart-
ments from which one or more crime reports were received during the
first quarter of 1941. The cities represented are classed according to
size, and the population figures. employed are from the 1940 decennial
census.
Population group
Total
number
of cities
or towns
Cities filing
returns
Total
population
Population repre-
1 in returns
Xumber
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
1.077
980
91.0
62,715,897
60, 718, 006
96.8
1. Cities over 250,000..
37
55
107
213
665
37
55
100
201
587
100. 0
100. 0
93. 5
94.4
88.3
30, 195, 339
;. 792, 050
7.343.917
7.417.093
9. 966, 898
30, 195, 339
7. 792. 650
6,875,039
6, 986. 960
8. S68. 018
100 0
2. Cities 100,000 io 250.oihi
3. Cities 50,000 to 100,000
4. Cities 25,000 to 50,000
5. Cities 10,000 to 25,000
100.0
93. 6
'14. 2
Note. — The above table does not include 1.770 cities, villages, and rural townships aggregating a total
population of 8,985,781. The cities and villages included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 popula-
tion filing returns, whereas the rural townships are of varying population groups.
The growth of the uniform crime reporting area is indicated in the
following tabulation. These figures were compiled for the first 3
months of 1932-41.
v Xumber
*ear ! of cities
Population j
Year
5S& ' Po»ulatio»
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1.476
1,561
1.593
1.S33
2.111
49,368, 231
53, 295, 'I2!i
61, 715,079
••.2.304,616 !
63,766 619
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
2. 166
2.342
2. r'4 1
2, 555
2.750
64, 196, 843
65, 197,026
66, 588. 280
67, 194,387
69, 7113. 7S7
The additional 195 cities shown in the foregoing comparison for the
first quarter of 1941 as compared with the corresponding period of
1940 account in part for the increase of 2,509,400 in the total popula-
tion. A large portion of the increase in population results from the
use of 1940 population figures in presenting the combined population
of the 2,750 cities. The total population of the cities represented for
4
the years prior to 1941 is based on the 1930 decennial census, with the
exception that the 1933 estimates of the Bureau of the Census were
used for cities over 10,000 in population.
A total of 4,431 law-enforcement agencies contributed one or more
crime reports during the first quarter of 1941. This includes 2,750
city and village law-enforcement agencies, 1,659 sheriffs, 9 State police
units, and 13 agencies in Territories and possessions of the United
States.
MONTHLY REPORTS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population.
Ail analysis of the monthly crime reports received by the Federal
Bureau of Investigation during the first 3 mouths of 1941 reflected
803 murders, 605 negligent manslaughters, 1,357 rapes, 6,358 other
felonious assaults, 8,439 robberies, 45,674 burglaries, 119,583 lar-
cenies, and 28,482 auto thefts. These figures are from table 1, which
is based on reports from the police departments of 2,015 cities with ;i
combined population of 63,023,641.
As indicated, most of the offenses reported were crimes against
property. During the first 3 months of the year, 58.5 percent of all
offenses reported were larcenies; 22.3 percent were burglaries; 11.9
percent were auto thefts; and 3.5 percent were robberies. The
remaining 3.8 percent of the offenses reported to the police consisted
of criminal homicides, rapes, and other felonious assaults.
Table 1 includes the number of offenses reported during January-
March 1941 , together with figures representing the number of offenses
per 100,000 inhabitants. The data are also presented for the cities
divided into six groups according to size, to enable local officials and
other interested individuals to compare local figures with national
averages for other cities of approximately the same size. Similar
data for cities grouped not only as to size but also as to geographic
divisions are presented in table 4.
(5)
Table 1.— Offenses known to the police, January to March, inclusive, 1941: number
and rate per 100.000 inhabitants, by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
GROUP I
35 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 29,222,507:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
GROUP II
54 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,642,710:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100.000
GROUP III
92 cities. 50,000 to 100,000: total popu-
lation, 6,377,980:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
182 cities. 25,000 to 50,000: total popu-
lation, 6,327,423:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROCP v
473 cities, 10,000 to 25.000; total popu-
lation, 7,201,539:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
1,179 cities under 10,000; total popu-
lation. 6,251,476:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100.000
Total 2,015 cities: total population,
63,023,641:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100.000. .
397
1.36
130
1.70
48
0.67
66
1.00
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
345
1.18
Rape
Rob-
bery
817 5. 508
2. 80 18. 8
100 119
1. 31 1. 56
60
0.94
26
0.41
38
0.53
36
0.58
127
1.99
76
1.20
107
1.49
111
1.78
605
0. 96
1. 357
2. 15
Bur-
, glary—
vated ■ a
—* ESS
ing
997
13.0
712
11.2
513
8.1
302
4.8
s, 439
13.4
3,095
10.6
972
12.7
965
15.1
485
474
6.6
367
5.9
6,358
10.1
i 19, 508
98.3
7.918
103.6
5, 600
4,614
72.9
4,642
64.5
3.392
54.3
i 45, 674
85 2
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Auto
theft
i 49, 882 15, 170
251.5 51.9
18.930 , 4,017
247. 7 52. 6
15, 385 2. 829
241. 2 44. 4
13, 859 2. 640
219.0 41.7
13. 399 2. 337
ISO. 1 32. 5
s. 128 1. 489
130.0 23.8
i L9,58 ! 28, is:
222. 9 45. 2
1 The number of offenses and rate for burglarv and larccnv-thefl are based on reports as follows: Group
I,33cities, total population, 19,836,178: groups I-VI, 2,013 cities, total population. 53,637,312.
Annual Trends, Offenses Known to the Police, 1940-41.
Murders increased 15.4 percent during the first 3 months of 1941 in
comparison with the corresponding period of last year according to
the reports received from the police departments of 349 cities through-
out the United States with population in excess of 25.000. The com-
bined population represented by the cities is 49,050,040. Increases
were also seen in other offenses as follows: Rape. 5.8 percent; auto
theft. 4.0 percent; aggravated assault. 2.2 percent: and larceny. 1.6
percent.
On the other hand, decreases were revealed in several classes of
crime, as follows: Manslaughter by negligence, 14.9 percent ; robbery,
6.3 percent; and burglary, 3.7 percent. The v&si majority of negligent
manslaughter cases consisted of automobile fatalities in which the
police investigation showed the death to be due to the culpable
negligence of some person other than the victim.
The figures for individual offense classes may be found in table 2.
In compiling the information presented the reports from the same
cities were used for both 3-month periods.
Table 2. — Annual trends, offenses known to the police, cities over 25.000 in popu-
lation. January to March, inclusive, 1940-41
I illation figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminal homi-
cide
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Population group
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Auto
theft
GROUP I
35 cities over 250.000; total popula-
tion, 29,222,507:
367
397
109
130
67
109
47
45
398
345
98
100
61
56
59
23
780
817
120
119
89
126
85
74
5.S81
5. 508
1.156
997
602
654
493
458
3,139
3.095
SS6
972
845
891
403
431
i 20, 391
1 19, 508
7.952
7,918
5,846
5,416
4,449
4,352
i 48. 475
1 49, S82
19,646
18, 930
14, 575
14,886
12, 524
13, 084
14, 590
15, 170
GROUP II
54 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7.642.716:
January to March 1940 .
3.922
4.017
GROUP III
&9 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total pop-
ulation, 6.206,578:
2,549
January to March 1941
2,729
group rv
171 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total pop-
ulation, 5,978,239:
January to March 1940
2. 372
2, 404
GROUPS I- IV
349 cities; total population. 49,050,-
040:
590
681
616
524
1,074
1, 136
S. 132
5 273
i 38, 638
i 37. 194
i 95, 220
» 90, 782
23. 433
January to March 1941
7.617
5. 389
24. 380
1 The number of offenses of burglary and larceny-theft is based on reports as follows: Group I, 33 cities,
total population, 19,836,178; groups I-IV, 347 cities, total population, 39,603.711.
316021°— 41-
9
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location.
The extent of crime is affected by many factors, and the degree to
which each of these elements is present varies considerably among
the several States and larger geographic divisions; hence the frequency
with which crimes occur varies greatly in the different sections of the
country. For a discussion of some of the factors affecting the extent
of crime reference may he made to the comment immediately preceding
table 5 of this issue of the bulletin.
In order that regional crime averages might be available to local
officials and other individuals interested in making comparisons, the
groups of cities represented in table 1 were further subdivided accord-
ing to the nine geographic divisions, and the number of offenses com-
mitted per unit of population as reflected by the reports received from
those cities is presented in table 4. The figures in table 3 indicate the
number of cities represented in each population group within the
various geographic divisions.
Table 3. — Xumber of cities included in the tabulation of uniform crime reports,
January to March, inclusive, 19S+1
Division
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
Xew England: 164 cities: total population,
5,393,533.
Middle Atlantic: 486 cities; total population,
17,904,821
East North Central: 498 cities: total popula-
tion, 15,822,824
West Xorth Central: 220 cities; total popula-
tion, 5,150,327
-'outh Atlantic: ' 176 cities; total population,
5,580,344
East South Central: 71 cities; total popula-
tion, 2,243,033...
West South Central: 113 cities: total popula-
tion, 3,653,S20 .
Mountain: 89 cities; total population,
1.254,575
Pacific: 192 cities; total population, 6,020,364
Total: 2,015 cities: total population,
63,023,641
1 Includes report of District of Columbia.
Population
Group
I
Group
II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
2
10
10
27
56
59
5
11
19
33
103
315
8
10
20
54
99
307
4
5
8
10
57
142
3
7
17
16
43
90
3
3
3
S
20
34
4
3
7
12
34
53
1
5
5
2
•i
15
18
43
61
118
35
54
92
182
473
1,179
Total
164
486
498
226
176
71
113
89
192
2,015
10
In order that the information may be readily available, there are
listed below the States included in the nine geographic divisions.
States Divided by Geographic Divisions
New England:
Connecticut.
Maine.
Massachusetts.
New Hampshire.
Rhode Island.
Vermont.
Middle Atlantic:
New Jersey.
New York.
Pennsylvania.
East North Central:
Illinois.
Indiana.
Michigan.
Ohio.
Wisconsin.
West North Central:
Iowa.
Kansas.
Minnesota.
Missouri.
Nebraska.
North Dakota.
South Dakota.
South Atlantic:1
Delaware.
Florida.
Georgia.
Maryland.
North Carolina.
South Carolina.
Virginia.
West Virginia.
East South Central:
Alabama.
Kentucky.
Mississippi.
Tennessee.
West South Central:
Arkansas.
Louisiana.
Oklahoma.
Texas.
Includes District of Columbia.
Mountain:
Arizona.
Colorado.
Idaho.
Montana.
Nevada.
New Mexico.
Utah.
Wyoming.
Pacific:
California.
Oregon.
Washington.
Table 4. — Number of offenses known to the police per 100,000 inhabitants, January
to March, inclusive, 1941, by geographic divisions and population groups
Geographic division and
population group
New England:
Group I . _
Group II..
Group III
Group IV-
Group V..
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI.
Middle Atlantic:
Group I
Group II
Group III -
Group IV...
Group Y
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI
See footnotes at end of table.
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary —
breaking
or entering
Lar-
ceny —
theft
Auto
theft
0.49
6. :i
3.7
36.6
84.1
76.6
.22
3.8
2.5
92. 1
162.3
52. 2
.39
3.5
1.3
74.8
128. 1
32.7
. 10
2.6
1.5
60.3
111.7
26.1
.45
1.2
1.2
45.9
84.8
17.7
1.3
1.3
45.0
66.7
13.3
.30
3.5
2. 1
62.4
113.9
40.9
.9(3
6.5
8.6
i 58. 3
> 105. 4
38. 7
.35
4.3
5. 1
62.8
100.2
38.5
.45
6.3
< . i
68. 1
111.5
29.9
.35
4. 1
4.1
50.0
97.6
26.1
.42
3.6
4.7
51.8
104. 1
26.0
.18
2.7
2.8
35.4
69.4
15.8
.71
5.5
7. 1
2 53. 9
2 97.3
34.0
11
Table 4.— Number of offenses known to tin police per 100,000 inhabitants, January
to March, inclusive, 1941, by geographic divisions and population groups —
Continued
Geographic division and
population group
East North Central:
Group I .
Group II
Group III
I Iroup IV
Group V
Group A" I
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent man
slaughter
Tola), groups I-VI
West North Central:
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Croup VI
Total, groups I-VI
South Atlantic:
Group I 3 . . .
Group II...
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI.
East South Central:
Group I
< Jroup II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI
, • South Central:
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV.
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI
Mountain:
Group I -
Group II ».
Group III.
Group IV
i iroup V
Croup VI
Total, groups I-VL
Pacific:
Group I...
Group II..
Group III.
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI
1.29
.81
1.38
.20
.27
.75
Robbery
32.9
11.7
10. 4
7.1
6. 5
5.5
Aggra- Bur
vated breaking
assault
8.7
8. a
9.2
3.9
2.9
3.4
or entering
82 3
89 ii
-ii I
65. 2
57. 1
50. 5
75.1
Lar-
ceny—
theft
206.2
224. 7
199.(1
185.8
163.7
90. 1
189.0
1 . 55
. 69
. 36
3.0
6. 9
3.5
5.8
5.1
2. 9
1.6
.6
5. 5
2.1
i.o
2.4
77.9
75.9
74. 9
50.8
53 -t
43. 7
.93
5.08
4.80
3. 65
2.36
4. 53
28.9
18.1
20 .'
8.0
8.2
3. 75
2.84
7 86
2. 96
3.04
1.57
-, 80
3. 04
. 86
3.40
.99
1.39
3. 05
.90
.99
.92
1.02
.113
.30
19.8
31.7
15. 5
21.2
1 2. 9
9 -
12.2
21.0
12. 6
21.0
15.9
10.5
5.8
14 v
22. 0
32. 3
9.8
5 ii
3.0
12.5
30.0
19.3
10.2
J 1 . 5
7.4
6.7
211.9
66.8
17.2
34. 3
41.0
36. 7
29.4
29 8
1(15.4
166.6
103.4
100.7
90.4
73.0
29. 3
111.
46. 4
52.1
24. 2
22! 8
13.2
13.9
107.2
loll. 7
120.3
101.8
80. 5
51. 7
35. 4
127.5
is. 4
18.9
37.0
12.0
15.7
13.2
116.0
126. 7
119.9
87. 5
96.0
.14.11
19.6
4.3
8. 5
2.' 3
6. 2
108.0
39.6
113.1
93.4
78.0
91.2
10. 0
5. 7
3.5
2.9
1.5
3.7
1 58. 8
145.7
111.4
126. 1
84.8
98 7
137.0
214.5
200.8
20S. 1
109. 1
220. 8
113.3
202. 3
267. 1
419.7
341. 1
302. 4
233.3
146.6
304.
290. 8
301.9
299.7
2S0. s
190.3
108. 0
264.9
385. 5
457. 6
370. 9
382.4
257.1
205.0
362. 1
330. 0
450.8
449.8
157. 7
241.4
369.
417.9
377. 3
444.7
431.4
335.0
338. 5
398.9
Auto
theft
: The rales for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 3 ci1
2 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports »f 4S4 cities.
' Includes the District of Columbia.
* No cities in population group represented.
12
Offenses in Individual Cities With More Than 100,000 Inhabitants.
The number of offenses reported as having been committed during
the first 3 months of 1941 is shown in table 5. The compilation
includes the reports received from police departments in cities with
more than 100,000 inhabitants according to the 1940 decennial census.
Such data are included here in order that interested individuals and
organizations may have readily available up-to-date information
concerning the amount of crime committed in their communities.
Police administrators and other interested individuals will probably
find it desirable to compare the crime rates of their cities with the
average rates shown in tables 1 and 4 of this publication. Similarly,
they will doubtless desire to make comparisons with the figures for
their communities for prior periods, in order to determine whether
there has been an increase or a decrease in the amount of crime
committed.
A great deal of caution should be exercised in comparing crime
data for individual cities, because differences in the figures may be due
to a variety of factors. The amount of crime committed in a com-
munity is not solely chargeable to the police but is rather a charge
against the entire community. The following is a list of some of the
factors which might affect the amount of crime in a community:
Population of the city and metropolitan area adjacent thereto.
The composition of the population with reference particularly to
age, sex, and race.
The economic status and activities of the population.
Climate.
Educational, recreational, and religious facilities.
The number of police employees per unit of population.
The standards governing appointments to the police force.
The policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts.
The attitude of the public toward law-enforcement problems.
The degree of efficiency of the local law-enforcement agency.
Comparisons between the crime rates of individual cities should
not be made without giving consideration to the above-mentioned
factors. It is more important to determine whether the figures for a
given community show increases or decreases in the amount of crime
committed than to ascertain whether the figures are above or below
those of some other community.
In examining a compilation of crime figures for individual com-
munities it should be borne in mind that in view of the fact that the
data are compiled by different record departments operating under
separate and distinct administrative systems, it is entirely possible
I hat there may be variations in the practices employed in classifying
13
complaints of offenses. On the other hand, the crime-reporting hand-
book has been distributed to all contributors of crime reports, and the
figures received are included in this bulletin only if they apparently
have been compiled in accordance with the provisions of the hand-
book, and the individual department has so indicated.
Table 5.- Number of offenses known to the poller, January to March, inclusive, 1941,
cities over 100,000 in population
City
Akmn, Ohio
Albany. X. V ...
Atlanta, Oa
Baltimore, McL.
Birmingham, Ala.
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, ("onn
Buffalo, X. V
Cambridge. M ass
Camden, X. J
Canton, Ohio
Charlotte, X. C...
Chattanooga, Tenn.
Chicago, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio_
Columbus, Ohio.
Dallas, Tex
Dayton, Ohio
Denver, Colo
Des Moines. Iowa
I (etroit, Mich
Duluth, Minn
Elizabeth, X. J...
Erie. Pa
Fall River, Mass
Flint, Mich
Fort Wayne, Ind-
Fort Worth, Tex
Oary, Ind
Grand Rapids, M ich
Hartford, Conn .
Honolulu, T. H
Houston, Tex
Indianapolis, Ind
Jacksonville, Fla_.
Jersey City, X. J...
Kansas City, Kans.
Kansas City, Mo. .
Knoxville, Tenn
Long Beach, Calif
Los Angeles, Calif
Louisville, Ky . . .
Lowell. Mass
Memphis, Tenn
Miami, Fla
Milw allkee. Wis
Minneapolis, Minn
Xashville, Tenn
Xewark. X. J
Xew Bedford, Mass
\V\\ Haven, Conn
New Orleans, La_.
\cw Vork, X. V
Xorfolk, Va
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Aggra-
Robbery
vated
assault
11
12 j
3
2 1
125
r,r,
90
189
45
159
58
33
3
2
23
26 |
10
6
17
12
13
3
19
71
24
5<
1,482
298
138
38
172
23
82
is
39
68 1
10
10
71
14
13
7
537
234
5
6
i
3
4
3
1
13
27
8
2
10
17
52
30
3
2
5
15
3
12
74
38
132
28
65
38
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny — theft
$50 and Under
over $50
215
59
691
529
543
230
72
143
101
34
53
174
161
2, 455
460
492
454
176
222
289
35
9
181
180
137
41
52
6
28
38
47
29
846
138
56
76
50
IB
70
11 15
176
80
283
117
133
L85
311
386 147
Complete data not received
Ml
19
95
11
4
X]
15
3
566
107
108
91
3
126
158
111
86
20
19
in
6
35
74
50
98
■'
4
2
32
SO
330
609
24
52
132
236
117
250
2,642
oil
37
317
417
131
388
254
137
2112
L69
2. 165
193
34
His
58
1, 129
171
8
103
163
59
130
77
128
22
67
1N4
0)
307
67
1,260
1.201
487
497
284
229
105
101
269
423
377
2, 705
1,251
1.907
831
2, 228
389
994
118
43
336
1,708
308
6,041
101
23
191
75
15
95
59
14
129
'.IS
352
406
980
227
His
398
562
1,841
471
756
268
790
287
364
6.509
win
710
391
651
228
255
181
4. 143
537
14
Table 5.- -Number of offenses known to the police, January to March, inclusive, 1941,
cities over 100,000 in population — Continued
City
Oakland. Calif
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Omaha, NTebr.
Paterson, X. J
Peoria, 111
Philadelphia, Pa.
Pittsburgh, Pa...
Portland, Oreg. _
Providence, R. I.
Reading, Pa
Richmond, Va
Rochester, N. Y_.
Sacramento, Calif.
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn....
Salt Lake City, Utah.
San Antonio, Tex
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif...
Scranton, Pa
Seattle. Wash
Somerville, Mass.
South Bend, Ind_.
Spokane, Wash. .
Springfield, Mass.
Syracuse, X. Y.
Tacoma, Wash-
Tampa. Fla
Toledo, Ohio...
Trenton. X. J__
Tulsa, Okla
Utica, X. Y
Wa-hington. D. C.
Wichita, Kans
Wilmington. Del...
Worcester, Mass...
Yonkers, X. Y
Youngstown, Ohio.
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery
280
36
10
41
123
26
15
35
39
187
6
60
2
9
14
2
3
27
22
42
6
75
2
199
5
10
18
2
37
Aggra-
vated
assaull
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny — theft
$50 and
over
368
217
114
146
76
171 1,042
No reports received
13
564
5
145
4
85 !
78
221
14
130
7
258
17
725
4
206
10
207
1 1
233
14
264
84
641
13
68
10
730
1
75
2
99
10
141
4
68
3
125
6
114
16
152
33
274
12
184
20
164
2
27
711
703
6
82
4
130
3
208
<
42
22
150
267
175
47
15
34
47
0)
66
68
95
137
13
223
120
175
1. 197
180
126
631
309
597
2.068
426
486
688
691
1.636
86
1,045
58
239
392
192
162
370
428
678
204
610
115
1.793
308
240
230
65
247
Aut<<
theft
142
84
208
13."
9li
102
23D
71
70
240
656
47
300
33
80
53
81
100
44
164
i'.:
606
21
71
101
23
Hi'
1 Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
Offenses Known to Sheriffs, State Police, and Other Rural Officers, 1941,
In compiling- and publishing- national crime data, the Federal
Bureau of Investigation distinguishes between urban and rural
crimes. The figures presented in the preceding tables are based on
reports from a large majority of the agencies policing urban areas
(places with 2,500 or more inhabitants!. ComprehensiYe data
regarding rural crimes are not vet available, but the information on
band is shown in table (i. which is based on reports from 1,176 sheriffs.
95 police agencies in rural villages, and 9 State police organizations.
15
Table 6.— Offenses known, January to March, inclusive, 1941, as reported by 1,176
sheriffs, 9 Slate police organizations, aiui 95 village officers
Offenses known-
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
28
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
ei iu e
Rape
Rob-
bery
949
vated
assault
1,619
Bur-
glarj
breaking
ing
7. 652
Lar-
ceny
thefl
\lltO
theft
2. 706
Offenses Known in Territories and Possessions of the United States.
There are presented in table 7 the available data concerning crimes
committed in Territories and possessions of the United States. In-
cluded are the figures taken from reports received from the four
judicial divisions of Alaska; the city of Honolulu and the counties of
Honolulu, Hawaii, and Kauai in the Territory of Hawaii; the Isthmus
of Panama, C. Z. ; and Puerto Rico. The tabulation is based on
offenses reported by law-enforcement officials policing both the urban
and rural areas.
Table 7. — Number of offenses known in United States Territories and possessions,
January to March, inclusive, 19/fl
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Jurisdiction reporting
Murder.
nonneg-
ligctit
man-
slaughter
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
4
1
1
Bur
glarj
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larcen
Over
$50
y— theft
Under
$50
Auto
theft
Alaska:
First judicial division (Juneau), popu-
lation, 25,241: number ol offenses
known
1
11
4
2
6
2
4
51
4
12
36
5
Second judicial division ( Komi
ulation, 11,877; number of off< uses
known
2
Third judicial division (Valdez), pop-
ulation, 19,312; number of offenses
KHOWH. . ._ .
3
8
72
562
56
176
733
2
Fourth judicial division | Fairbanks),
population, 16,094; number of of-
fenses known
_
1
16
311
32
10
v
198
Hawaii:
Hawaii County, population, 73,276;
number of offenses known
1
3
4
2
3
536
1
Honolulu City, population, L79.358;
number of offenses known
Honolulu County, population, 78,898;
number of offenses known
14
Kauai County, population, 35,818;
number of offenses known
Isthmus of Panama: Canal Zone, popula-
tion, 51,827; number of offenses known.
Puerto Rico: Population. 1,869,255; num-
ber of offenses known . . .
1
titi
5
3!
2V)
316021°— 41-
ANNUAL REPORTS, 1940
Last year arrests were made in 28.1 percent of the offenses reported
to police departments. There was a fairly wide range, however, in
the proportion of offenses cleared by arrest for individual offense
classifications. For crimes against the person, the offenders were
arrested in 76.6 percent of the cases while for offenses against property
the proportion of offenses cleared by arrest amounted to 26.3 percent.
Criminal homicides cleared ranked highest, with arrests made in
88.7 percent of the offenses of murder and nonnegiligent manslaughter
and in 83.4 percent of the manslaughters by negligence. Most of
the felonious assault cases were likewise cleared; for offenses of rape
the percentage was 79.4 and for other aggravated assaults, 73.7.
The percentage of clearances for crimes against property was consider-
ably lower. The figures for individual offenses are as follows: Rob-
bery, 41.8 percent; burglary, 33.1 percent; auto theft, 23.8 percent;
and larceny, 23.4 percent.
The preceding figures are based upon the reports received from
1,212 cities in the United States with a combined population of
41,146,894. The total offenses of the types referred to in the pre-
ceding paragraphs committed in these cities was 609,510. Of the
22,297 offenses against the person, 17,080 were cleared by the arrest
ol 17,845 individuals; and of the 587,213 offenses against property,
154,347 were cleared by the arrest of 115,994 persons.
More comprehensive information concerning the number of crimes
known to have been committed is based on monthly reports, and
such data for the calendar year 1940 have been presented in volume
XI, No. 4. Supplementing the information, annual crime reports
are received showing the number of crimes disposed of by arrest, and
the number of persons arrested, together with figures indicating the
number found guilty.
In order to obtain the highest possible degree of uniformity in the
data published, each annual report was carefully examined. If any
portion of the report appeared unusual or if entries were noted indi-
cating that the report was improperly prepared, a letter was forwarded
to the contributing law-enforcement agency in an effort to ascertain
the reason therefore and to obtain a corrected report. In this con-
nection, it may be observed that letters were written to police depart-
ments whose reports were included in the tabulations in this issue of
the bulletin in a large number of instances. Letters were written
to the police departments in 16 of the 26 cities having a population in
(16)
17
excess of 250,000; in 26 of the 41 cities with a population of 100,000
to 250.000; in 40 of the 69 cities between 50,000 and 100,000; and in
78 of the 125 cities of from 25,000 to 50.000 in population. No
reports were included in the tabulations concerning offenses known
to the police unless they had apparently been compiled according to
the uniform crime reporting standards and the police department had
so indicated.
To assist in obtaining uniformity in the published data question-
naires were distributed with the report forms: and in practically all
instances they were properly executed by the contributing law-enforce-
ment agencies, indicating the nature of the data presented on the
annual returns. The questionnaire related to the several phases of
the annual reports, and in many cases communications subsequently
forwarded to the contributing agencies were based on the replies to
the questionnaire.
Xo reports were included in the following tabulations unless the
contributing law-enforcement agency indicated that the figures con-
cerning- offenses known to (In1 police were based on records of crimes
and complaints of crimes, and included all offenses brought to the
attention of the police. Similarly, the law-enforcement agencies
represented in the following tabulations indicated that the figures on
their annual reports concerning offenses cleared by arrest were properly
distinguished from data showing the number of persons arrested.
Of the police departments in cities with population in excess of
25,000 represented in the compilations showing persons charged (held
for prosecution), all except eight advised their reports reflected the
number of persons arrested rather than the number of charges placed
against the persons arrested; i. e., if on the occasion of a single arrest
a person was charged with burglary and larceny, he was counted as
only one person arrested, the entry being made opposite burglary.
If the same person was arrested on different occasions, however, each
case was counted as a separate arrest.
In examining the arrest reports received from police departments
in cities with more than 25,000 inhabitants, it appeared that the
greatest lack of uniformity was in the policy of the department with
reference to the inclusion of juveniles taken into custody. All or
some of the juveniles arrested were included in 91 percent of the
reports received; all juveniles were said to be included in 82 percent
of the reports.
It was found that 96 percent of (he departments including juvenile
arrests in their reports properly recorded them opposite the classifi-
cation embracing tin1 violation involved (i. e.. robbery, auto theft,
etc.). regardless of the technical charge such as "juvenile delinquency"
placed against the juvenile at the time of arrest. The remaining 4
18
percent of the reports included juvenile arrests opposite "all other
offenses."
The selection of reports for inclusion in the tabulation concerning
persons found guilty presented a further problem, in that an examina-
tion of the reports disclosed that in a large number of them the figures
representing persons found guilty in fact merely represented disposi-
tion at preliminary hearings. The information presented in tables
13 and 14 was limited to reports in which it appeared that the entries
for persons found guilty represented the final disposition of the charges
placed against persons arrested.
Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1940.
The arrest of one individual in many instances will render several
offenses cleared by arrest. On the other hand, the arrest of several
persons may clear only one offense. Therefore, in examining the
data presented in the tabulations which follow it must be remembered
that there is a distinct difference, under the system of uniform crime
reporting, between offenses cleared by arrest and persons arrested.
Generally an offense is treated as cleared by arrest when one or
more of the offenders involved in its commission have been taken
into custody and made available for prosecution. All persons involved
need not be arrested in order to clear the offense.
In the following tables the figures reflecting offenses "cleared by
arrest" include some cases treated as cleared through exceptional
circumstances although no arrest was made. An offense may be
cleared, for example, by the suicide of the offender, or perhaps the
person responsible is in custody in another jurisdiction and not available
for local prosecution. The general requisites of an "exceptional clear-
ance" are that the identity and whereabouts of the offender are known
to the police but for reasons beyond their control it is not possible to
make him available for prosecution in the local jurisdiction. Cases
in which the stolen property has been recovered but no arrests made
are not considered cleared.
In table 8 figures are presented concerning the number of offenses
committed, the number cleared by arrest, and the percentage of
offenses cleared by arrest as reflected in the annual reports of the
cities represented. The data are presented for six different groups of
cities divided according to size, in order that interested individuals may
compare available local data of this type with national averages for
cities of any population group, as well as with averages for cities of
all sizes.
The percentage of offenses of auto theft listed as cleared by arrest
for the groups of smaller cities is somewhat higher than for the groups
of larger cities. Although the figures may accurately represent the
relative proportion of offenses of auto theft cleared by arrest, it is
19
possible that the reports received from the police departments in the
smaller cities are less accurate in this regard than those received from
the police departments in the larger communities. For example,
in a very limited number o\^ instances it has been indicated thai in
cases where the automobile has been recovered the offense has been
listed as cleared, even though the offender involved was not taken
into custody. Efforts have been made, however, to eliminate all such
instances from the reports used in the tabulations.
Although the percentage of auto thefts listed as cleared by arrest
is relatively small, the reports received from police departments for
several years have consistently reflected more than 90 percent of
stolen automobiles recovered. Detailed tabulations concerning the
recovery of stolen property for last year may he found in volume
XI, No. 4 of this publication. It should be mentioned that figures for
auto theft offenses include many so-called "joy-riding" cases, wherein
the automobile reported stolen is found abandoned ami undamaged
in another section of the city a. short while after the report of the
theft. The circumstances of such cases make it extremely difficult
To effect arrests.
20
Table 8. — Offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest, and percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest, 1940, by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminal
homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary-
break -
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
cenv — 1
theft
Population group
Murder
aonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
GROUP I
26 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 17,537,966:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared bv arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
1,102
974
88.4
623
533
85.6
1,726
1,273
73.8
15, 167
6,301
41.5
7, 455
5,172
69.4
55. 673
19, 487
35.0
155, 165
33.010
21.3
31,632
6, 515
20.6
GROUP II
41 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 5,930,144:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest. . -
Percentage cleared by arrest- ..
285
254
89.1
344
292
84.9
471
370
78.6
2,524
1, 035
41.0
2, 592
1.776
68. 5
22, 974
6.340
27.6
62, 933
14, 155
22.5
12,076
3,005
24.9
GROUP III
69 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 4,869.049:
Number of offenses known - .
Number cleared bv arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
275
236
85.8
214
170
79.4
366
314
85.8
1,864
846
45.4
2,752
2.195
79.8
18,205
6,026
33.1
50. 939
12. 659
24.9
8,199
1,849
22.6
GROUP IV
125 cities, 25,000 to 50,000: total
population, 4,395,633:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
121
113
93.4
158
108
68.4
261
224
85.8
1, 112
445
40.0
934
761
81.5
12. 748
4,005
31.4
40, 847
9,277
22.7
6,370
1,375
21. 6
GROUP V
321 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 4,938.028:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared bv arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
147
137
93.2
111
101
91.0
327
296
90.5
1. 229
485
39.5
973
848
87.2
12, 618
4,297
34.1
36,664
10, 259
28.0
5.813
1,988
34.2
GROUP VI
630 cities under 10,000; total popu-
ation, 3,476,074:
Number of offenses known. -
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
99
86
86.9
77
69
89.6
244
220
90.2
667
310
46. 5
640
558
87.2
7,915
2,946
37.2
20,633
6,455
31.3
3.246
1.277
39.3
TOTAL, GROUPS I- VI
1,212 cities; total population,
41,146,894:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest _
Percentage cleared by arrest
2,029
1,800
88.7
1,527
1,273
83.4
3,395
2,697
79.4
22, 563
9,422
41.8
15, 346
11.310
73.7
130, 133
43. 101
33.1
367, 181
85,815
23.4
67, 336
16,009
23.8
21
The number of persons arrested and charged with crimes against
the person is frequently found to equal or exceed the number of such
offenses cleared by arrest. This is probably attributable in part to
the fact that because of the serious nature of such crimes they un-
doubtedly receive more thorough investigative attention. In other
words, when an offense of criminal homicide, rape, or aggravated
assault becomes known to the police, special efforts are exerted to
arrest all persons involved; and persons charged with being acces-
sories to crimes are included with those charged with the substantive
offense.
In examining the figures for manslaughter by negligence as pre-
sented in table 9, it is seen that for most groups of cities the number
of persons arrested exceeds the number of offenses cleared. Persons
arrested for such offenses in several instances even exceed the number
of offenses committed. This is undoubtedly due, in part at least, to
the practice of some police departments of arresting and formally
charging with manslaughter all drivers of vehicles involved in traffic
fatalities pending the outcome of the investigation. The subsequent
investigation of the death, in many instances, indicates that it was
primarily attributable to the negligence of the victim, and for that
reason it was not classified as an actual offense of manslaughter by
negligence.
For offenses against property (robbery, burglary, larceny, and auto
theft) the number of offenses cleared is generally considerably in
excess of the number of persons eharged with the crimes. Quite often
the police arrest one individual, and by questioning him and investi-
gating his activities, clear a number of previously unsolved cases. A
study of available information concerning the activities of recidivists
discloses a tendency on the pail of the criminal to repeat the same
type of offense. The fact that this is particularly true with reference
to persons committing crimes against property is probably a contrib-
uting factor in explaining the large proportion of offenses against
property cleared in comparison with persons charged.
In connection with (he foregoing, many police departments main-
tain indices relating to unsolved eases. The index cards are sub-
divided so as to facilitate the selection of eases to be used in ques-
i ioning a suspect.
In table <) data are presented showing the relationship between
offenses committed, offenses cleared by arrest, and persons arrested
and held for prosecution. To indicate the manner in which the
figures in the table should be interpreted it may be noted that for
group 1 cities, in an average group of 100 offenses of rape, 73 were
cleared by the arrest of 7!) persons. Likewise, for each 100 offenses of
burglary — breaking or entering, 35 were cleared by the arrest of 21
persons.
22
Table 9. — Offenses known, offenses chared by arrest, and persons charged (held for
prosecution) , 1940, by population groups — nvmber per 100 known offenses
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
Criminal
homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man- Rape
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
OEorp i
26 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 17,537,966:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP II
41 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 5,930,144:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged^
total
c.Rorp m
9 cities. 50,000 to 100,000:
population, 4,869,049:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest.
Persons charged
GROUP IV
125 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 4,395,633:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Person s cha rgei 1
321 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 4,938,028:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
630 cities under 10.000: total popula
tion, 3,476,074:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest. _.
Persons charged _
TOTAL, GROUPS I-VI
l,212cities; total population, 41,146.
894:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
100.0
88.4
85.6
100. 0
89.1
94.7
100. 0
85. S
St 7
100.0
93.4
98.3
100. 0
93.2
86.4
100.0
86.9
71.7
100. 0
85.6
169. 2
100.0
84.9
85. 5
100.0
79. 1
87.9
100. 0
68.4
65 8
100. 0
91.0
98.2
100.0
89.6
100.0
100.0
7:;. 8
79.0
100.0
78.6
73.9
100.0
85.8
85. 8
100.0
85.8
90.8
100.0
90. 5
82.0
100. 0
90.2
88.1
100. 0
41.5
31.8
100. 0
41.0
42.4
100.0
45.4
16. 1
I I
10.0
43.9
100.0
39.5
46.3
100.0
46.5
47.7
100.0
69.4
69.4
100.0
68 5
65. 5
86.6
100.0
81.5
82.9
100.0
87. 2
100.0
87.2
94.5
100.0
35.0
21. 5
100.0
27.6
18.8
100.0
33.1
21. 5
100. 0
31.4
21.3
100.0
34.1
24.5
100.0
37. 2
31.6
100.0
21.3
17.5
100. 0
22.5
17.8
100.0
24.9
18.3
loo. o
22. 7
17.7
100. 0
28. 0
19.3
100.0
31.3
23.7
100.0
88.7
86.9
100.0
83. I
1 19. 6
100. 0
79.4
80.9
100.0
41.8
36.0
100.0
73.7
75.0
100.0
33.1
21.9
100. 0
23.4
18.2
23
24
JO
Persons Charged (Held for Prosecution) , 1940.
The 1940 annual reports received from police departments showed
that the great majority (7o.11 percent) of the persons charged were
held for prosecution because of some violation of a motor vehicle or
traffic law. Excluding persons charged with traffic violations, how-
ever, it was found that 43.95 percent of the resl were charged with
drunkenness and 11.37 percent with disorderly conduct. In other
words, over half of the persons arrested last year, exclusive of traffic
violators, were charged with drunkenness or disorderly conduct.
Persons numbering 5,349,563 were arrested (including persons who
responded to traffic tickets) by the police in the 1 .212 cities represented
in table 11. The total population represented by these cities is 41,-
146.894. Although the majority of the persons charged were pro-
ceeded against for comparatively minor violations, many arrests were
for serious crimes as reflected in the following figures:
Embezzlement and fraud- 8, 723
Stolen property (receiving, etc.). 3, 7.">fi
Forgery and counterfeiting 4,989
Rape 2, 745
Narcotic drug laws 1. (.)42
Weapons 5, 866
Murder 1. 7t»3
Manslaughter by negligence 1. 826
Robbery 8, 127
Aggravated assault 1 1 . •"> 1 ]
Burglary 28, 525
Larceny 66, 838
Auto theft 12. 504
The number of persons charged by the police per unit of population
varies considerably according to size of city for several offense classi-
fications. For example, it is found that the number of persons arrested
for criminal homicide and robbery per 100,000 inhabitants in the cities
over 100.000 in population is more than double the corresponding
figures for the smaller communities. Similarly, arrests per unit of
population for prostitution and commercialized vice in the larger
cities greatly exceed the rate for the smaller places, and the same is
true with reference to narcotic violations and gambling. On the other
hand, the police departments in the smaller cities reported a consider-
ably larger number of persons arrested per unit of population for
driving- while intoxicated than police departments in cities over
100,000 in population.
Figures concerning persons charged compiled from annual crime
reports forwarded to the Federal Bureau of Investigation are presented
in tables 10 and 11. In table 10 data are presented indicating the
percentage distribution of persons charged during 1940. and table 11
shows the number charged and the rate per 100.000 inhabitants for
six groups of cities divided according to size. Such information is
valuable to persons interested in comparing local figures concerning
persons arrested with national averages for cities of the same size.
in addition, the tabulation furnishes some basis for estimating the
number of minor crimes committed; however, it should be borne in
mind that the rules for scoring the number of items to be reported
26
concerning persons charged are not the same as those for scoring the
number ot offenses known to have been committed. To illustrate:
If two persons, acting jointly, rob a business place and both of the
offenders are arrested and charged with robbery, the offense report
(return B) will show one robbery committed and one robbery cleared
by arrest, while the arrest report (return C) will show two persons
arrested and charged with robbery. Similarly, if one person steals
four automobiles, four offenses of this type will be reported on the
annual offense report; and if he is taken into custody the offense
report will also show four auto thefts cleared by arrest, but the
arrest report will reflect one person arrested and held for prosecution
opposite the auto theft classification.
In a very small number of instances the reports received from police
agencies included the data for two or more classifications in a single
figure. In such cases the arrests were distributed among the several
classifications in the ratio in which they appeared in the reports
received from the remaining police agencies in the same population
group.
As previously shown, 9 to 18 percent of the police departments in
cities with population in excess of 25,000 indicated that their annual
arrest reports did not include all or part of the juveniles arrested.
Since youthful offenders are frequently involved in offenses against
property, it is apparent that the figures in tables 10 and 11 are
quite conservative.
Table 10. — Percentage distribution of persons charged (held for prosecution),
1940 {1,212 cities; total population, 41,146,894)
Offense charged
Percent
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man-
slaughter 0.03
(6) Manslaughter by negligence .03
Robbery .15
Aggravated assault .21
Other assaults .92
Burglary — breaking or entering _ . 51
Larceny— theft 1.20
Auto theft .23
Embezzlement and fraud . 16
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos-
sessing 07
Forgery and counterfeiting .09
Rape .05
Offense charged
Percent
Prostitution and commercialized vice..
Other sex offenses. __
Narcotic drug laws___
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against the family and children.
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated. ..
Traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
All other offenses
Total.
100.00
■1(
Table 11.— Persons charged {held for prosecution), 1940, number and raU per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Group 1 Groupll Group III, Group IV Group V
i 1 tii nse charged
Criminal homicide:
a) Murder and nonnegli-
gent manslaughter:
Number of persons
charged
Rate per 100,000-.
' Manslaughter by neg-
ligence:
Number of persons
charged ....
Kate per 100,000
Robberj :
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
assaults:
Number of persons charged.
Kate per 100.000
Burglary — breaking or enter:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Larceny— theft:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons chareed.
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, re-
ceiving, possessing:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Numbi r of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rati per iiio.ooo ...
Prostitution and commercial:
ized vice:
Number of persons charged
Kate per 100,000.. __
-• . offenses (except rape and
prostitution):
N umber of persons ch arged
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged
Kate per 100,000
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc.:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and
children:
Number Of persons charted.
Kate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged.
Kate per 100,000
, driving while intoxicated:
N umber of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000
ti uties S9 nii: 3 ' .:- -Sties 37,1 . Hi: s
over 1 1 m ).< h ii 1 1 < >
.'.-,0.000: 250,000;
popula- popula-
tion, lion,
17,537,966 5.930,144
.-,0.0011 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
1,869,049
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
4,395,633
10,000 to
25, :
popula-
tion,
4,938,028
Group VI
630 cities,
under
lo.ooo:
popula-
tion,
3,476,074
Total,
1,212
total
popula-
tion,
11,146,894
943
5.4
270
4.0
233
4.8
119
2. 7
127
2.6
71
2.0
1.703
4.3
1,054
6.0
2! M
:>. 0
188
3. 9
104
2.4
109
2. 2
77
2. 2
1 . 826
4.4
4. M0
27. 5
1,071
IS. 1
36J
17.8
488
11. 1
569
11.5
31S
9.1
-. 127
•
5, 170
1,699
28 7
-
48. 9
774
17.0
874
17.7
605
17.4
11.511
28.0
20. in;
114.7
9,468
159.7
8, 473
174.0
5, 408
123. 0
5,330
107.9
2,659
70. 5
51.454
11,983
-
4. 325
72. 11
3,916
80. 4
2,715
61.8
3,088
62. 5
2. 498
71.9
69 3
27. 162
154 '•
11, 186
188 6
9,310
191.2
7.220
104. 3
7.000
143.0
1.000
141.0
, 6, i 8
162. 4
: i8i
30. 7
1,876
31.6
1,383
1,092
-
1 . 574
31.9
1. 193
34. 3
12. .504
30.4
4. 489
-■ 1
1,270
21.4
937
19.5
633
14.4
H27
18.8
407
13.4
- -. 723
21.2
1. 760
10.0
581
•
373
7.7
417
9.5
314
0.4
311
8.9
;. 756
9.1
1,713
-
865
14.0
01 5
1 2. 6
•',24
14.2
646
13.1
526
15.1
4. 989
12. 1
1,363
7. 8
348
.".. 9
314
0.4
237
5.4
268
5.4
215
6. 2
2, 745
0.7
26, 278
149.8
0. SO!
114.7
1 , 734
35. 6
1. 658
35. 4
-52
17.3
254
7.3
37.477
91.1
5, 163
29. 4
1,694
28. 6
1,374
28. 2
1. 188
27.0
915
IS. 5
398
11.4
10.732
26. 1
1,346
Ji-
ll 7
238
4.9
51
1.2
50
1.0
39
1.1
4.7
2.70V
15.4
913
15.4
921
18.9
472
10.7
561
11.4
291
8.4
5,866
14.3
' 9, -47
57. 1
:•;. 832
07. 1
- 2. 102
43. -
2.01-0
4 7. 5
1,686
34. 1
•173
19.4
' 20. 230
6,961
39.7
1. 935
83.2
4,600
M4. 5
1 . 839
11-
1.701
35. 7
772
22.2
20,868
50. 7
12.102
69 3
5, 283
89 1
6, 252
128.4
128.0
7.212
140. 1
165. i
12. 274
102. 7
2. 119, 182
13.310.0
634,813
|<>11,359.9
155,991
9, 365. 1
288, 1 88
116,667. 1
234. 720
4. 753. 4
121.571
3, 583. 7
3.-57.471
■
See footnotes at end of table.
28
Table 11.-
-Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1940, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
Group I
Group 11
Group III
Group IV
Group V Group VI
Total,
1,212
26 cities
41 cities,
fill I'll ics.
125 cities,
321 cities,
630 cities
cities:
Offense charged
over
100,000 to
50,000 to
25,000 to
10,000 to
under
total
250,000:
250,000;
100,000;
50,000;
25,000;
10,000;
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popular
popula-
popula-
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion.
41.146,894
17,537,966
5.930,111
4,869,049
4,395,633
4,938.028
3.476,074
Disorderly conducl -
N limber of persons charged.
82, 60S
20, 264
21.444
14, 869
18, 598
11,939
169, 719
Rate per 100.000
471.0
341. ;
440.4
338.3
376.6
343.5
412. 5
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged .
MOO. 740
115,899
76, 309
55, 031
66, 101
41, 694
655, 774
Rate per 100,000
1.714. S
1,954. 4
1, 567. 2
1, 251. 9
1, 338. 6
1, 199. 5
1, 593. 7
Number of persons charged
38, 512
21, 125
11,491
6,921
9,029
6,209
93, 287
Rate per 100,000
219.6
356. 2
236.0
157.5
182.8
178.6
226.7
Gambling:
Number of persons charged .
40, 385
11, 084
7, 395
3,620
3,519
1,589
67, 592
Rate per 100,000
230.3
186.9
151.9
82.4
71.3
45.7
164.3
All other offenses:
N umber of persons charged
64, 160
30. 018
27, 065
18, 573
15,090
8,664
163, 570
Rate per 100,000
365. S
506. 2
555 9
422. 5
305.6
249.2
397.5
1-12 The number of persons charged and the rate are based on the reports from the number of cities
indicated below:
Footnote
1
2
3
4
68
1,211
40
1.211
Population
Footnote
Cities
4. 801, 216
41.079.061
5, 821, 743
41.03s. 193
5
6
7
* 8
25
39
68
1,208
Population
17, 243. 232
5, 706, 777
4.801.216
40,560,960
Footnote
Cities
9
25 i
10
39
1 11
123
12
1
1.207
Population
15,914.514
5, 588. 211
4. 322. 564
39, 108. 440
Aii analysis of the figures concerning persons charged with traffic
violations last year discloses that 65 percent of them had violated
some parking regulation. Twenty-seven percent of the persons
arrested for traffic infractions were proceeded against for violation of
road and driving laws with respect to the proper handling of a motor
vehicle in order to prevent accidents, such as failure to obey traffic-
signals, improper speed, reckless driving, and operating with unsafe
equipment. The remaining 8 percent were charged with violating
some other type of traffic or motor vehicle law, such as driving without
a permit, improper title, and obscure or defective markers.
The detailed figures for six groups of cities divided according to size
are presented in table 12 and, as will be seen, the number of persons
charged with traffic violations per 100,000 inhabitants in the larger
cities greatly exceeds figures for the smaller communities. This
would normally be expected, as it is generally recognized that the
regulation of traffic in the larger cities presents a more complex problem
than it does in the smaller communities.
29
Table 12. Persons charged (held for prosecution), traffic violations, except driving
whih intoxicated, 1940; number and rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population
groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Offense charged
Group 1
22 cities
over
2.511,000;
popula-
tion,
12.H1 0.307
Road and driving laws:
Number of persons
charged 596, 702
Rate per 100,000... 4. 731. 0
Parking violations:
Number of persons
charged 1,076,939
Kate per 100,000 8,540. 1
Other traffic and motor-
vehicle laws:
Number of persons
charged 176,327
Rate per 100,000 1,398.3
Group II Group III
25 cities,
100,000 to
250.000;
popula-
tion,
3,434,679
55, 106
1.004. -1
303, 286
s. 830. 1
13,923
to:.. 4
19 cities,
50.000 to
100,000,
popula-
tion,
3.453.781
56, 709
1,641.9
203.010
7, 615. 1
18,001
521. 2
Group 1\
s> cities,
25,00(1 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
3,070,677
Group V
32, 851
1.009.8
157. 254
5, 121. 2
13.352
434. 8
247 cities,
10,0011 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
3,815,648
49, 633
1.300. S
117. '.His
3.000. 1
11.725
307.3
Group VI
4; : it lis
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
3,016,751
36, 946
1,224.7
52, 283
1.733.1
15.756
522.3
Total,
H74 cities:
total
popula-
tion,
29,401 ,843
827. 947
2,816.0
1,970,680
6, 702. o
249, 084
847. 2
Offenses Known, Offenses Cleared by Arrest, and Persons Found Guilty.
During the 1940 calendar year 76.4 percent of the persons charged
with crimes against property (robbery, burglary, larceny, and auto
theft) were found guilty by the courts, while persons found guilty of
crimes against the person (criminal homicide, rape, and aggravated
assault) represented 53.0 percent of those charged with such offenses.
The police in 79 cities over 25,000 in population arrested and
formally charged 40,165 persons with violations of the part I offense
classes (referred to in the preceding paragraph), and 23,791 (59.2
percent) were found guilty as charged, and 5,380 (13.4 percent) were
found guilty of a lesser offense. The detailed figures for the individual
offenses are presented in table 13, which shows the number of offenses
known, the number of offenses cleared by arrest, as well as persons
formally charged and the number found guilty. The proportion of
persons charged who were found guilty ranged from 31.5 percent for
manslaughter by negligence to 77.0 percent for larceny.
For the part II offense classes shown in table 14, 78.8 percent of the
persons held for prosecution were found guilty. The police depart-
ments represented in table 14 charged 1.425,129 persons with the
offenses indicated. Of these, 1 ,1 17,378, or 78.4 percenl , were found guilty
of the offense charged, and 6,328, or 0.4 percent, were found guilty of
a lesser offense. For the pari II offense classes the largest percentage
of persons found guilty is seen for persons charged with driving while
intoxicated (85.8 percent). Other traffic violations showed the next
highest proportion of persons found guilty, amounting to S4.1 percenl.
30
o
Z
O
co
co
Z-
<
12
CO
Z
HB8
Q
H
StsSsSss • :
:<.v\'hu«).,
w
s
31
fiS
o
s
p
o
o
P
O
En
ffl "
Is
si
8
o
B
o
Ml
B
ft*
2
<
<
CO
310021°— 41-
32
Inasmuch as the annual reports provide for tin1 listing of offenses
committed only for the part I offense classes, the figures presented in
table 14 for the part II offense classes indicate only the number of
persons arrested and the number of persons found guilty. The offense
classes shown in table 14 in several instances are not identical with
those shown in table 11, inasmuch as some of the reports did not
include separate figures for the offense classes which have been con-
solidated in table 14.
A careful examination of the reports received from the 79 police
departments represented in tables 13 and 14 indicated that the
reports had been properly compiled with reference to this particular
type of information. In selecting the reports to be used in these
tables none was used if all persons listed as found guilty were indicated
as having been found guilty of the offense charged. Similarly, reports
were excluded if they showed an unusually low or exceedingly high
proportion of persons found guilty, on the assumption that they were
probably not correct. All reports included in these compilations were
accompanied by a statement indicating affirmatively that the figures
concerning persons found guilty represented the final disposition of
the charge as distinguished from the disposition at some intermediate
judicial state.
Table 13. — Offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest, ami number of persons found
guilty, 1940; 79 cities over 25,000 in population
[Total population, 13,493,387, based on 1940 decennial census]
Offense (part 1 classes)
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegli-
gcnt manslaughter, .
(h) Manslaughter by negli-
gence
Rape ..
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft (except auto
theft )___.
Autotheft
Total
Number
of offenses
known to
the police
481
1,299
12, 217
5, 907
44. 248
130, 780
19. 235
214,946
Number
of offenses
cleared
by arrest
682
398
923
4,867
4.003
14.990
26, 218
4.208
56, 289
Number
of persons
charged
(held for
prosecu-
tion)
895
591
922
3. 443
4, 259
7. 587
19, 621
3.047
40, 165
Number
found
guilty of
offense
charged
302
156
383
1,693
1,651
4,153
13.711
1.739
Number
found
guilty of
lesser
offense
101
30
[59
951
645
1,668
1.392
434
Total
found
guilty
(of offense
charged
or lesser
offense)
403
186
542
2.644
2. 296
5,821
15. 106
2. 1 73
29.171
Percent-
age found
guilty
58.0
31.5
58.8
76. 8
53.9
76.7
77.0
71.3
72.6
33
Table 14. Number of persons charged (held for prosecution) and number found
guilty, 1940; 79 cities over 25,000 in population
(Total population, 13,493,387, based on 1940 decennial census]
Offense (part 11 classes)
Other assaults ___
Forgery and counterfeiting
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
■Sex offenses (including prostitution and com-
mercialized vice)
Offenses against the family and children
Narcotic drug laws
Liquor laws
Drunkenness; disorderly conduct and va-
grancy
1 1 ambling
Driving while intoxicated
Traffic and motor- vehicle laws
All other offenses
Total
Number of
persons
charged
(held for
prosecu-
tion)
Number
found
guilty of
offense
charged
Number
found
guilty of
lesser
offense
18, 116
1.070
4,112
1,316
1,916
17, 481
1 9. 100
690
9,845
232,912
19. S72
9.869
1,052,675
4ti. 155
1.425.129
9.722
720
2. O'^O
621
1,297
S,676
1 4, 576
486
7,205
135, 528
13, 261
7,267
2 883, 152
22, 787
3 1,117,378
420
131
284
111
121
236
1 110
21
113
1, 125
161
1,196
2 1, 649
650
3 6, 328
Total
found
guilty iof
offense
charged or
of lesser
offense)
Percent-
age found
guilty
10, 142
2,364
732
1,418
8,912
' 4, 0s6
507
7,318
156, 653
13. 422
n, 463
• sM. Mil
23, 437
3 1, 123. 706
56.0
79.5
57.- 5
55.6
74.0
51.0
1 51.5
73. 5
74.3
67.3
67.5
85.8
2 84.1
50.8
78.8
1 Based on reports of 78 cities with a total population of 13,378,421.
2 Based on reports of 77 cities with a total population of 11,705,664.
3 The total figures are subject to footnotes 1 and 2.
Persons Released (Not Held for Prosecution), 1940.
The annual report concerning persons dealt with by the police
provides for a listing of the number of persons taken into custody who
wrere released without any formal charge having been placed against
them. Information of this type based on reports received from police
departments of 777 cities with a total population of 24,700,178 is
presented in table 15. The number of cities represented is substan-
tially less than in table 11 because the reports were excluded if there
were no entries in the column devoted to persons released, or if the
entries appeared to be incomplete, or otherwise incorrect. Reports
listing persons released opposite only the classification "suspicion"
were included m the compilation.
The figures in the following table include persons who were taken
into custody because it was thought they had been involved in the
commission of crimes and who wTere later released either because it was
found that they were innocent or because of insufficient evidence.
Also, the table includes instances in which youthful persons wTere
taken into custody but were released because the complaining wit-
nesses refused to prosecute when they learned of the youth of the
offender. Likewise, the compilation includes individuals who were
taken into custody and released with a reprimand or on the "golden
rule" principle. Persons summoned, notified, or cited to appear in
court or at a police traffic bureau because of alleged violations, who
failed to appear in response thereto, and who were not subsequently
arrested, are also represented in table 15. Warning tags issued in
34
some cities for minor violations of traffic regulations are also repre-
sented in the following tabulation.
With reference to the classification "suspicion," it should be noted
that if a person was taken into custody because it was suspected that
he had been involved in the commission of a specific offense, his arrest
and subsequent release without being held for prosecution should be
listed opposite the offense class involved. Entries in table 15 opposite
"suspicion" should be limited to instances iu which persons were taken
into custody because of circumstances which caused the police to
believe that they had been involved in criminal activities of some
nature, although they were not taken into custody in connection with
some specific offense. From an examination of the reports received,
it appears probable that in some instances the entries were placed
opposite "suspicion" when they wonld have been more properly listed
opposite some other offense class in accordance with the foregoing
explanation.
Table 15. — Persons released without being held for prosecution, 1940; number and
rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Group I
Group II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
Total,
777 cities;
Offense
19 cities
21 cities,
47 cities,
77 cities,
216 cities,
397dtieS
total
over
100,000 to
50,000 to
25,000 to
10,000 to
under
popula-
250,000;
250,000;
100,000;
50,000;
25,000;
10,000;
tion,
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
24, 700, 178
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion,
10, 140, 933
2,906,473
3,302,567
2,723,727
3,336,919
2,289,559
Criminal homicide:
(n) Murder and nonnegli-
gent manslaughter:
Number of persons
released
75
25
28
16
7
2
153
Rate per 100,000
0.74
0.86
0.85
0.59
0.21
0.09
0.62
(6) Manslaughter by negli-
gence:
Number of persons
released
137
1.35
19
0.65
34
1.03
19
0.70
11
0.33
14
0.61
234
Rate per 100,000
0.95
Robbery:
Number of persons released.
358
104
111
123
109
74
912
Rate per 100,000
3.5
3.6
4.4
4.5
3.3
3.2
3.7
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons released.
428
139
117
67
87
54
892
Rate per 100,000 . . .
4.2
4.8
3.5
2.5
2.6
2.4
3.6
Other assaults:
Number of persons released-
2,084
230
359
250
410
289
3,622
Rate per 100,000
20.6
7.9
10.9
9.2
12.3
12. 6
14. 7
Burglary — breaking or enter-
ing:
Number of persons released _
1,030
392
436
447
595
584
3,484
Rate per 100,000
10.2
13.5
13.2
16.4
17.8
25.5
14. 1
Larceny — theft :
Number of persons released.
3,248
879
1,315
1,063
1,591
1,078
9,174
Rate per 100,000
32.0
30.2
39.8
39.0
47.7
47. 1
37. 1
Auto theft:
Number of persons released.
303
181
172
163
230
227
1,276
Hale per 100,000
3.0
6.2
5.2
6.0
6.9
9.9
5. 2
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons released.
316
68
76
83
95
56
694
Rate per 100,000
3. 1
2.3
2.3
3.0
2.8
2.4
2.8
Stolen property; buying, re-
ceiving, possessing:
Number of persons released.
154
26
62
66
71
109
488
Rate per 100,000
1.5
0.9
1.9
2.4
2.1
4.8
2.0
35
Table 15. — Persons released without being held for prosecution, 1940; number and
rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
Offense
Forgery and counterfeit ins:
Number of persons released _
Rate per 100,000 ...
Rape:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000...
Prostitution and commercial-
ized vice:
Number of persons released .
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and
prostitution):
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000 ...
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc.:
Number of persons released .
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and
children:
Number of persons released .
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number of persons released .
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor-vehicle laws:
Number of persons released .
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct :
Number of persons released .
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons released _
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100.000 .
Gambling:
Number of persons released .
Rate per 100.000. . .
Suspicion:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100.000....
All other offenses:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Group 1
19 cities
over
250,000:
popula-
tion.
Group II
10,140,933 2,906,473
148
1.5
i 4. 322
43.9
140
1.4
52
0.51
189
1.9
3 40
0.4
467
4.6
21
0.2
i 62. 972
739. 3
3.010
29.7
30, 939
305. 1
1,865
18.4
6,975
68.8
58. 247
574.1
9.711
95.8
21 cities.
100.000 to
250,000:
popula-
tion,
37
1.3
33
1.1
304
10.5
66
2.3
28
1.0
6
0.2
153
5.3
41
1.4
2. 927. 5
306
10.5
12,116
416.9
762
26.2
110
3.8
4, 420
152.1
576
19 S
Group
III
47 cities.
50,000 to
100,000:
popula-
tion,
3,302,567
Group
IV
47
1.4
31
0.9
106
3.2
62
1.9
16
0.48
33
1.0
76
2.3
216
6.5
126
3.8
26, 383
1,634
19 5
7. 758
234.9
1, 645
49.8
229
6.9
17, 755
537.6
1,982
60 n
77 cities.
25,000 to
50,000:
popula-
tion.
2,723.727
Group
V
53
1.9
50
1.8
52
1.9
16
0.59
26
1.0
158
5. S
36
1.3
153
5.6
3. 637. 9
3, 120
114. 5
2, 865
105.2
148
5.4
11, 388
418.1
3, 754
137. S
216 cities.
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
3,336,919
Group
VI
397 cities
under
1.0,000;
popula-
tion,
2,289,559
86
2.6
47
1.4
51
1.5
100
3.0
31
0.93
36
1.1
179
5.4
141
4.2
171
5.1
61.343
1, 838. 3
1. 732
51.9
6,305
2.411
72.3
190
5.7
9,483
284.2
2, 659
79.7
94
4.1
24
1.0
140
6.1
34
1.5
17
0.74
24
1.0
229
10. 0
118
5.2
160
7.0
33. 038
1,443.0
1, 462
63.9
6. 090
266.0
5,324
232.5
178
7.8
8,461
369.5
2,346
102. 5
Total,
777 citii-s:
total
popula-
tion,
24, 7i mi. L78
384
1.6
333
1.3
2 4. 975
20.4
479
1.9
147
0.60
336
1.4
1.131
4.6
' 363. 100
1, 584. 7
9. 032
36. 6
66, 328
268.5
14. 875
60.2
7,830
31.7
109, 754
444.3
21,028
85.1
1-7 The number of persons released and the rate are based on the reports from the number of cities
indicated below:
Footnote
Cities
Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
1
18
776
18
9. 846, 199
24, 405. 444
9. 846. 199
4
5
6
776
18
20
21,405,444
8, 517, 481
2,742,202
7
775
22,912,455
2
3
The figures in table 15 opposite the classification traffic and motor-
vehicle laws include all types of violations of traffic laws, inasmuch as
more detailed information was not included on many of the reports
36
used. The reports of 585 cities, however, did present detailed figures
of this type, and the available data are shown in table 16 for 6 different
groups of cities.
It is noted that 72.3 percent of the persons released were shown
opposite the classification parking violations, and the corresponding
percentages for road and driving laws and other traffic and motor-ve-
hicle laws were 19.5 and 8.2 percent, respectively. The high per-
centage of "persons released" for parking violations undoubtedly is
the result of the issuance of parking tickets without the subsequent
response of the offender or his arrest by the police, and the practice
employed in some jurisdictions of issuing warning tags.
Table 16. — Persons released without being held for prosecution, traffic violations,
except driving while intoxicated, 1.940; number and rate per 100,000 inhabitants,
by population groups
[Population figures from 19-41 ) decennial census]
Group' I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total,
585 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
14,350,849
Offense charged
9 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion.
4,228,514
15 cities.
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
2.004.607
30 cities,
50,000 to
100.000;
popula-
tion.
2.154,333
47 cities.
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion.
1.676,946
167 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
2,525,168
317 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
1,761,281
Road and driving laws:
Number of persons released .
Rate per 100,000
26, 949
637. 3
32, 737
774.2
3.137
74.2
12, 250
611.1
71. 329
3. 558. 3
6,229
310.7
1,921
89. 2
22.(132
1.022.7
1,879
87.2
9,386
559.7
39. 781
2. 372. 2
11,276
672.4
4. 521
179. 0
51,870
2.(154.1
1,860
73.7
9, 500
539.4
20,783
1, 180. 0
2,709
153.8
64,527
449.6
Parking violations:
Number of persons released _
Rate per 100,000
238, 532
1,662.1
Other traffic and motor vehicle
laws:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000 .
27,090
-• •
Percentage of Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1934-40.
Offenses of criminal homicide and robbery are the only crimes in
which there was seen a slight increase in the percentage of offenses
cleared by arrest during 1940 as compared with 1939, according to the
reports received from police departments in 45 cities with over 100,000
inhabitants. For all the other crimes except auto theft slight de-
creases were seen in the percentage of offenses cleared during 1940.
The percentage of auto thefts cleared was the same for 1939 and 1940.
Annual trends in the percentage of offenses cleared by arrest are
shown in table 17. The 45 cities included in this tabulation repre-
sent a combined population of 16,264,620. The table includes figures
showing the average clearances during the 6 years immediately
preceding 1940.
In comparing the percentage of offenses cleared by arrest during
1940 with average figures for the 6-year period immediately preceding,
improvement is seen for all offenses except two -rape and larceny.
The proportion of offenses of criminal homicide, robbery, aggravated
37
assault, burglary, and auto theft cleared during 194(1 was somewhat
higher than the average figures for 1934-39.
Except for larcenies and auto thefts the annual data representing
clearances show rather irregular trends during the past 7 years. The
figures indicate a rather definite decrease, however, in larcenies cleared
during the 7-year period, and although the decrease was slight the
figures are significant in view of the large number of offenses of this
type committed annually. For auto thefts the figures in table 17
indicate a definite upward trend in the percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest during; the years 1934-40.
Table 17. — Percentage of offenses cleared by arrest, 1984~40
[45 cities over 100,000, total population 16,204,620; population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
entering
Lar-
ceny-
theft i
Year
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft -
1934
1935
1936
80.1
84.7
81.2
79.8
89.3
86.5
80.9
74.0
81.8
81.0
82.3
81.3
77.8
69.4
70.7
71.8
76.0
74.9
35.6
47.7
44.8
35.8
43.0
41. 1
64.6
60.6
62.4
64.7
69.9
69.0
28.9
33.4
37.3
32.4
36.5
35.6
23.9
24.7
23.5
22.1
20.8
21.4
13.2
17.2
19 1
1937
1938
23.4
21.2
22.4
Average 1934-39
1940
83.3
89.1
80.0
83.6
73.4
72.5
41.0
42.0
65.0
68.7
33.8
34.2
22.7
21.1
18.9
22.4
1 The data for larceny— theft are based on reports of 43 cities with a total population of 15,880,882.
5 The data for auto theft are based on reports of 41 cities with a total population of 11,947,302.
38
39
Offenses Known. Offenses Cleared by Arrest, and Persons Charged, by
Geographic Divisions, 1940.
Inasmuch as marked variations are regularly seen in the number of
offenses committed per unit of population in the different sections of
the country, it is only reasonable to expect somewhat similar variations
in the number of persons arrested in the several geographic divisions.
Tables 8 and 1 1 showed data for cities divided into six groups according
to size. The information presented in tables 18-37 is based on the
same reports; however, the cities have been divided into nine geo-
graphic groups, and within each such group the cities have been
further subdivided according to size. This makes it possible to com-
pare local figures concerning offenses cleared and persons arrested with
average figures for cities of the same size located in the same section of
the United States.
In examining the tabulations relative to the proportion of offenses
cleared by arrest, it should be noted that in some of the geographic
divisions the total number of cities represented is quite low. This is
particularly noticeable in the tables where the cities are divided
according to size within each geographic division. Under such cir-
cumstances considerable variation is to be expected in the percentage
of offenses shown as cleared by arrest. Unusually low figures of this
type may be partially attributable to a failure to maintain a complete
record of offenses cleared. Likewise, inadequate personnel would
cause a tendency toward low figures. On the other hand data showing
an usually high proportion of offenses cleared by arrest may indicate a
failure to maintain a complete record of all crimes committed, par-
ticularly thefts involving property of comparatively small value.
If the record of crimes committed were incomplete in this respect, the
result would be a tendency toward an artificially high figure represent-
ing the percentage of offenses cleared.
The figures shown for prostitution and commercialized vice may be
considered conservative, since in many jurisdictions persons taken into
custody for such violations are charged with vagrancy or disorderly
conduct, and such arrests would of course be listed opposite those
offense classes, and not opposite prostitution and commercialized vice.
Similarly persons arrested because of drunkenness may be charged
with disorderly conduct ; persons arrested for a felonious assault may be
charged with a misdemeanor assault; and persons arrested for auto
theft may be charged with driving without owner's consent. In other
words, a tabulation of persons arrested may be influenced by the local
policy as to what offense is charged. Theoretically, an offender
should be charged with the offense committed, as indicated by the
police investigation, but as a matter of practice, the offense charged is
sometimes dependent on the policy and practice of other local officials,
40
such as prosecuting attorneys and judges. Local practices are, of
course, materially affected by public opinion in the community.
For a list of the States included in the nine geographic divisions,
reference may be made to the data immediately preceding table 4 of
this issue of the bulletin.
41
Table 18. Number of offenses known, number and percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest, 1940, by geographic divisions
I Populal ion figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminal homi-
cide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
\ ated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Geographic division
Mulder.
Qonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
NEW ENGLAND STATES
120 cities; total population, 1,524,-
091:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest- -
55
44
80.0
179
147
82.1
349
321
92.0
742
371
50.0
505
404
80.0
12,234
3, 705
30.3
26, 904
0. 998
26.0
s. 121
-'. 10'.'
25.0
MIDDLE ATLANTIC STATES
323 cities; total population. 8,097,-
840:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
220
203
92.3
327
296
90.5
549
517
94.2
2, 116
1,109
52.4
1,893
1 . 032
80.2
16, 696
6,898
41.3
33, 191
9,969
30.0
10, 295
2,060
20.0
EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES
330 cities: total population. 13,821.-
595:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
615
516
83.9
404
329
81.4
1,290
846
65.6
12, 276
4, 681
38. 1
4,678
2,754
58.9
45,984
13,932
30.3
126, 069
24,981
19.8
19,411
4.983
25.7
WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES
141 cities: total population, 4,212,-
911:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
142
128
90.1
68
45
66.2
270
230
83.3
1,681
835
49.7
600
498
83.0
11, 383
4,498
39.5
40, 593
11,039
27.2
o, 163
1,957
31.8
SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES
65 cities; total population. 3,182,981:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
492
456
92.7
168
152
90.5
312
276
88.5
2,013
897
44.6
3,778
3, 160
83.6
13, 858
1,208
30.4
38, 680
10. 584
27.4
7, 304
1,215
10.9
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES
16 cities; total population, 181,079:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest .
Percentage cleared by arrest
112
96
85. 7
40
41
102.5
21
16
76. 2
185
104
56.2
678
523
77. 1
2,051
573
27.9
4, SOU
1.490
30.7
754
142
18.8
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES
51 cities; total population, 2.394,993:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
251
236
94.0
106
91
85.8
220
193
87.7
1,128
520
46.1
2,159
1.645
70. 2
B, 589
3,051
35. 5
32.001
8,383
26. 1
3, 070
1,022
27. 8
MOUNTAIN STATES
45 cities; total population, 909.145:
Number of offenses known . .
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
26
24
92.3
41
34
82.9
70
61
87. 1
405
208
51.4
186
1 19
80.1
3, 151
1,546
49.1
12, 877
2,760
21.4
1,689
622
30. S
PACIFIC STATES
IL'l cities: total population, 3,522,-
259:
Number of offenses known ....
Numb'T cleared by arrest .
Percentage cleared by arrest
116
97
83.6
194
138
71.1
308
237
76 9
2,017
697
34. 6
869
545
62.7
16, L87
4, 690
29.0
51,943
9,611
18.5
9, 563
1,869
19.5
42
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44
Table 20.
Number of offenses known, number and percentagi of offenses cleared
by arrest, 1940, by population groups
NEW ENGLAND STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminal homicide
Bur-
Population group
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
.Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Auto
theft
Group I.— 2 cities over 250,000;
total population, 1,024,320:
Number of offenses known
16
37
120
311
175
1.696
3, 845
3,670
Number cleared by arrest
13
37
112
176
142
850
1.938
940
Percentage cleared by arrest- . .
81.3
100. 0
93. 3
56.6
si. 1
50. 1
50. 4
25.6
Group 11. — 9 cities, 100,000 to
250,000; total population. 1.246,-
576:
Number of offenses know n
16
45
89
204
1S7
4. 934
10. 142
2. 572
Number cleared by arrest
12
28
78
83
138
1.022
1.728
519
Percentage cleared by arrest- . .
75.0
02. 2
87. 6
40.7
73. 8
20.7
17.0
20.2
Group 111.— 7 cities, 50,000 to
, 00, 01 io; total population, 529,073:
Number of offenses known
4
IS
37
75
43
1. 750
3, 959
732
Number cleared by arrest
4
14
38
37
38
586
1.029
183
Percentage cleared by arrest. . .
100.0
77. s
102 7
19. 3
88. 4
33. 5
26.0
25. 0
Group IV.— 23 cities, 25,000 to
.".o.ooo: total population, 813,058:
Number of offenses know n
4
39
26
71
4S
1.992
4. 924
879
Number cleared by arrest
3
30
24
30
43
550
1. 155
235
Percentage cleared by arrest...
75.0
70. 9
92. 3
42.3
89. 6
27.fi
23. 5
26. 7
Group V— 44 cities, 10,000 to
25,000; total population, 683,086:
Number of offenses known
9
30
53
55
38
1, 405
3.211
430
Number cleared by arrest
6
28
is
32
30
4SS
848
6;
Percentage cleared by arrest
66. 7
93.3
90.6
58 2
78 '1
34.7
26.4
3s. 4
Group VI.— 35 cities under 10,000;
total population, 227,978:
Number of offenses known
6
10
24
26
14
157
823
13s
Number cleared by arrest
6
10
21
13
13
209
300
67
Percentage cleared by arrest
100.0
1O0.0
87.5
50.0
92.9
45.7
36. 5
18 r
Total. 120 cities: total population,
4.524,091:
Number of offenses known.
55
179
349
712
505
12,234
26, 904
s. 121
Number cleared by arrest
44
147
321
371
404
3,705
6,998
2.109
Percentage cleared by arrest .
SO. 0
82. 1
92.0
50.0
80.0
30.3
26. 0
25. 1 1
Table 21. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1940, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
NEW ENGLAND STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Offense charged
Group 1
2 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
1,021, 320
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligenl
manslaughter:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100. nun
b) Manslaughter by negligence:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
•cry:
Number of persons charged
Kaie per 100,000
v_Lia\ ated assaull :
\ umber of persons charge* I
per iiiii.ooo
11
1. 1
6. 3
114
40. 1
197
19. 2
< Iroup 11
Group
111
Group
IV
Group V
Group
VI
9 cities,
7 cities.
23 cities.
44 cities.
35 cities
100.000
50.000 10
25,000 to
10,000 to
under
to 250.0011:
100,000;
50, 000;
25,000;
10,000;
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion,
1.216. 570
529,073
813,058
683,086
227,978
11
3
5
1
0.9
0.6
12
0.7
27
1.8
9
27
23
2. 2
2. 3
2.8
4.0
3.9
96
36
39
51
13
< . 7
1 -
-
7.5
5. i
122
32 29
34
11
9. s
6.0
3.6
5.0
4.8
Total,
120
cities;
total
popula-
tion,
1,524,091
163
3. 6
049
14.3
125
9.4
45
Table 21. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1940, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
.NEW ENGLAND STATES— Continued
Offense charged
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Larceny — theft :
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, receiving,
possessing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercialized
vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and pros-
titution):
Number of persons charged
Hate per 100.000 ....
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Weapons: carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000
Offenses against family and children:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged
Hate per 100,000
Traffic and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000. .
Disorderly conduct :
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000. _
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000...
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .
All other offenses
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Group I
2 cities
over
250,00(i;
popula-
tion.
1,024,320
1. 544
150.7
1,643
160. 4
2,571
251.0
973
95.0
161
15.7
223
21.8
253
24.7
187
18.3
174
17.0
1,543
l.Mi. i;
227
22.2
149
14.5
979
95.6
152
14.8
558
54. 5
51. 197
1,998 I
381
37.2
39, 701
3, 875. 8
139
13.6
1,348
131.6
5.262
513. 7
Group If
Group
III
°™P Group V ,irv';"'
9 cities.
11)0.000
to 250,000;
popula-
tion,
1.246,576
7 cities. '.
50,1)1)0 to
1011, Olio.
popula-
tion,
529.073
1,184
95.0
351
66.3
681
54.6
312
59.0
1,401
112.4
513
97.0
365
29.3
119
22.5
140
11.2
21
4.0
105
8.4
34
6.4
84
6.7
23
4.3
59
4.7
34
6.4
259
20.8
18
3.4
384
30.8
252 .
47.6
13
1 0
4
0.8
60
4.8
20
3.8
1, 131
90.7
505
95.4
208
16.7
25
4.7
716
57.4
303
57.3
84, 516
6, 779. 9
6,011
1, 136. 1
2,419
194.1
297
56.1
27. 356
2, 194. 5
7,090
1. 340. 1
540
43.3
97
18.3
762
61.1
351
66.3
5,692
456.6
1.118
211.3
23 cities.
25.000 to
50,000:
popula-
tion,
813,058
494
60.8
11 cities.! 35 cities
10,000 to under
411
50.9
1 10. 4
237
29.1
36
4.4
33
4.1
29
3.6
21
2.6
24s
30.5
L9
2.3
505
62. 1
76
9.3
669
82.3
12, 957
1, 593. 6
577
71.0
83.3
318
39.1
220
27. 1
2. 306
283.6
25,000;
popula-
tion,
683,0S6
528
77.3
312
45.7
712
104.2
164
24.1)
28
4. 1
27
4.0
34
5.0
It,
17
2.5
201
29.4
1
0.1
21
3. 1
582
85.2
59
8.6
932
136.4
11,389
1, 667. 3
327
47.9
6.865
1,005.0
232
34.0
261
38.2
1,694
248.0
10,000;
popula-
tion,
227,978
150
65.8
169
74 1
219
96. 1
76
33.3
22
9.7
15
6.6
3
1.3
Total,
120
cities;
total
popula-
tion,
1,524,091
L62
n. i
21
9.2
305
133. 8
2. 195
962.8
167
73. ■■',
1. S77
823.3
56
24.6
41
18.0
448
196.5
16, 520
365. 2
46
Table 22. — Number of offenses known, number and percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest, 1940, by population groups
MIDDLE ATLANTIC .STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
Group I.— 3 cities over 250,000; total
population, 2,832,210:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest ..
Group II.— 8 cities, 100,000 to 250,000;
total population, 1,064,467:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by auresl
Group III.— 15 cities, 50,000 to
100,000; total population. 1 ,084,143:
Number of offenses known ___
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
Group IV.— 23 cities. 25.000 to 50.000:
total population, 780,323:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
Group V.— 81 cities, 10,000 to 25,000;
total population, 1,352,365:
Number of offenses know n
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest.. .
Group VI.— 193 cities under 10,000;
total population, 984,332:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
Total. 323 cities; total population,
8,097,840:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
Criminal
homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligenl
man-
slaugh-
ter
124
116
93. 5
22
81 8
26
24
92. 3
7
100. 0
21
21
100. 0
20
17
85.0
121
114
94. 2
66
64
97.0
40
34
85 0
38
26
68 I
40
37
92. 5
22
21
Rape
209
199
95. 2
70
65
92. 9
70
62
88.6
50
49
98.0
7S
74
94.9
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
1,048
860
623
724
84.2
196
196
140
153
71.4
78.1
311
315
136
285
43.7
90. 5
116
146
53
135
15. :
92. 5
303
SO
230
26. 4
89.1
142
118 :
77
105
54.2
89. 0 1
2. 1 16
1,893
1. 109
1.632
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
4.848
2,841
58 6
2.417
1.000
41.4
3, 126
796
1 . 833
491
26. 8
1.061
1.594
709
44.5
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Auto
theft
7. 758 4. 251
2, 793 703
36. 0 16. 5
.".. 168 1,660
2. 143 282
39.2 17.0
6,359 1,658
1,326 359
20.9 21.7
4,218 829
763 150
18. 1 18. 3
0.204 1.311
1.691 I 299
27.0 22.8
3, 124 586
1. 253 267
40. 1 45. 6
220
327
549
2. 1 16
1,893
16,696
33. 191
10.295
203
296
517
1. 109
1.632
6 898
9, 969
2,060
92. 3
90 5
94. 2
52. 4
86. 2
41.3
30. 0
20.0
Table 23. — Persons charged {held for pros, ration), 1940, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
MIDDLE ATLANTIC ST \ IKS
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Group I
Group 11
1 Iroup
111
i Iroup
IV
(iroup V
Group
VI
Total,
323 cities;
Offense charged
3 cities
8 fit leS,
15 cities,
23 cities.
SI cities,
193 cities
total
over
100,000 to
50,000 to
25.000 tO
10,000 to
under
popula-
250,000;
250.000;
100,000;
50,000;
25,000;
10,000;
tion.
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
8,097,840
tion.
tion.
tion.
tion.
tion,
tion.
2,832,210
1,064,467
1,084,143
780,323
1,352,365
984,332
Criminal homicide:
[a) Murder and nonnegli-
eent manslaughter:
Number of persons
charged ..
110
IS
26
7
21
15
197
Rate per 100,000
3. 9
1.7
2.4
0.9
1.6
1.5
2.4
(6) Manslaughter by negli-
Number of persons
charged
2! 14
69
37
36
39
22
497
Rate per 100.1100
10.4
6.5
3.4
4.6
2.9
■ 1
Robbers :
Number ol persons charged
191
135
124
73
117
95
1 . 1 135
Rate per 100,1
17.3
12. 7
11.4
9.4
8.7
9.7
12.3
Aggravated as.-ault .
Number of persons charged.
766
171
276
142
225
94
1.674
Rate per 100,000
27.0
16. 1
25. 5
8. 2
16.6
9. 5
20. 7
47
Table 23. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1,940, number and
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
MIDDLE ATLANTIC ST ATES— Continued
rate per
Offense charged
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 . .
Burglary — breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100.000 .
Larceny— theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged - .
Rate per 100,000., __-
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged. .
Rale per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, receiv-
ing, possessing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Hate per 100,000...
Rape:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100,000...
Prostitution and commercialized
vice:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100.000
Sex offenses (except rape and
prostitution):
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100.000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged. _
Rate per 100,000 . .
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc.:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100,000.
Offenses against family and chil-
dren:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100,000.
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100,000-.
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100.000 .
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 ...
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100,000.
Gambling:
Number of persons charged. .
Rate per 100,000
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged. _
Rate per 1110.000
Group 1
Group II
8 cities,
100.001) to
250.000;
popula-
tion.
1,064,467
Group
III
Group
IV
Group V
Group
VI
193 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
984,332
Total,
3 cities
over
250,000:
popula-
tion.
'J. ST.'. 'Jill
15 cities,
50.000 to
100,000:
popula-
tion.
1,084,143
23 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion.
780.323
81 cities,
1(1,0011 to
25.0(H);
popula-
tion,
1,352.365
323cities;
total
popula-
tion,
8,097,840
4. 312
152. 2
1, 198
112.5
1,067
98. 4
1.049
134. 1
1, 348
99.7
71'-'
72. ■■',
9. 6H6
119.6
2. 643
93.3
627
58.9
635
58.6
370
47. 1
620
45.8
637
64.7
5, 532
6H. 3
2. 485
87.7
1,326
124.6
1. 171
108. 0
792
101. 5
1. 299
96. !
1.016
103.2
8,08!)
99.9
943
33.3
167
15.7
316
29. 1
132
16.9
258
19. 1
261
26.5
2,077
25.6
191
6.7
147
13.8
150
13.8
136
17. 4
274
20.3
134
13.6
1,032
12.7
386
13.6
37
3.5
65
6.0
39
5.0
70
5.2
66
6.7
663
8.2
96
3.4
56
5.3
43
4.0
39
5.0
65
4.8
61
6.2
360
4. t
211
7.5
72
6.8
54
5.0
55
7.0
63
4.7
70
7.1
525
6.5
7, 183
253. 6
548
51.5
262
24. 2
53
6.8
107
7.9
15
1.5
8, 168
100.9
521
IS. 4
105
9.9
200
18.4
109
14.0
186
13.8
82
8.3
1,203
14.9
51
1.8
22
2.1
28
2.6
10
1.3
8
0.6
6
0.6
125
1.5
457
16. 1
73
6.9
78
7. 2
47
6.0
96
7. 1
66
6.7
817
10. 1
1, 232
43. 5
356
33.4
271
25.0
226
29.0
492
36.4
173
17.6
2, 750
34.0
884
31.2
106
10.0
192
17.7
81
10.4
71
5.3
46
4.7
1,380
17.0
1, 156
40.8
299
28. 1
463
42. 7
399
51. 1
670
49.5
406
41.2
3,393
41.9
154, 660
5, 460. 8
93, 937
8, 824. 8
82, 717
7. 629. 7
65. 453
S. 387. 9
63, 594
4, 702. 4
33, 966
3. 450. 7
494, 327
6. 104. 1
12, 672
447.4
2, 152
202.2
3,820
352.4
2.999
3*1.:-;
5,786
127 8
3,985
404.8
31. 11 1
387. 9
43, 5.58
1. 538. 0
11,850
1. 113.2
8,637
796 7
5. 541
710.1
10, 299
761.6
4, 845
192. 2
84,730
1,046.3
4,424
156. 2
851
79.9
1,544
142.4
505
64.7
1.211
89.5
1,992
202. 1
10.527
130 0
2, 253
79.5
463
43. 5
697
64.3
680
87. 1
151
33.6
270
27.4
4.817
59. 5
11, 864
418.9
3,040
285.6
2.795
257. 8
2,663
341.3
3,360
248. 5
2,211
224.6
25. 933
320. 2
48
Table 24. Nwrnber of offenses known, number and percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest, 1940, by population group*
EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census.)
Criminal
homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary -
break-
ing or
enter-
Lar-
cenj
theft
Population group
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
Auto
theft
negli-
ing
ter
gence
Group 1.- 8 cities over 250,000; total
population. 7.917,086:
Number of offenses known
472
235
845
-
3.269
28, 762
78. 279
1 1 . 282
Number cleared by arrest
396
ISS
521
1,816
8.448
13. 124
2.448
Percentage cleared by arrest
83. 9
80.0
61.7
38. 2
55. 6
29.4
16.8
21.7
Group II.— 8 cities, 100,000 to
250,000; total population, 1,197,819:
Number of offenses known
41
66
142
642
551
4.839
13, 002
2. 218
Number cleared by arrest ..
31
63
s4
238
251
1.338
3, 015
771
Percentage cleared bv arrest
75 6
95. 5
59.2
37.1
45.6
27.7
23.2
34.8
Group III— 17 cities, 50,000 to
100,000; total population, 1,^69,955:
Number of offenses known. .
25
41
103
518
353
3, 540
10.437
1.74^
Number cleared by arrest-
19
29
7S
217
296
1.322
2. 623
444
Percentage cleared bv arrest
76.0
70.7
75.7
41.9
S3. 9
37.3
25. 1
25.4
Gr< iii] ■ I V.— 39 cities, 25,000 to 50,000;
total population, 1,379,147:
Number of offenses known
33
28
so
454
195
3, 655
11.797
1,945
Number cleared by arrest
29
20
63
142
133
1. 131
2, 6S6
4. -.2
Percentage cleared by arrest
S7.9
71.4
78.8
31. 3
68. 2
50 9
22. 8
23. 2
Croup V.— 76 cities, 10,000 to 25,000;
total population, 1,138,733:
Number of offenses known
29
16
62
327
192
3,058
7. 797
1. 302
Number cleared by arrest
26
13
55
121
151
941
1,985
493
Percentage cleared bv arrest
89. 7
81.3
88.7
37.0
78. 6
30.8
25. 5
37. 9
Group VI.— 182 cities under 10,000;
total population, 1,018,855:
Number of offenses known
15
IS
58
227
US
2. 130
4,757
916
Number cleared by arrest
15
16
45
98
107
752
1, 548
375
Percentage cleared by arrest
100. 0
88. 9
77. 6
43. 2
90. 7
35. 3
32.5
40.9
Total, 330 cities; total population,
13.821,595:
Number of offenses known
615
404
1 . 290
12.276
4. 678
47.. 984
126, 069
19.411
Number cleared by arrest
516
329
846
4,681
2. 754
13.932
24, 981
4.983
Percentage cleared by arrest
S3. 9
81. t
65. 6
38. 1
58.9
30.3
19.8
25.7
Table 25. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1940, number and
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
EAST NORTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
rate per
Group 1
Group 11
Group
111
i Iroup
IV
Group V
( iroup
VI
Total,
8 cities
8 cities,
17 cities.
39 cii ies,
76 cities,
182 cities
330 cities:
total
popula-
offense charged
over
[00,000 to
50,000 to
2." .('(id io
10.000 to
under
250,000:
250,000;
100,000;
50,000;
25,000;
10,000;
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
13,821,595
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion,
7,917,086
1,197,819
1,169,955
1,379,147
1,138,733
1,018,855
Criminal homicide:
n Murder and nonnegli-
gent manslaughter:
Number of persons
410
5.2
31
2. 6
20
1.7
25
1.8
23
2.0
10
1.0
519
Kate per 100,000
3. s
' Manslaughter bv neg-
ligence
Number oi persons
charged. _ _.
320
62
25
16
16
19
4"s
Rate per 100,000
4.0
5.2
2. 1
1.2
1.4
1.9
3.3
Robbery:
Number of persons charged
2. 309
228
199
118
120
94
3,068
Rate per 100.0(1(1
■Hj •)
19.0
17.0
10.5
9.2
\ { | i -;i\ afed assault:
Number of persons charged
1.806
249
270
123
167
124
2. 739
Rate per 100,000
22. 8
20. s
23. 1
-v 9
14.7
1 2. 2
1". -
Other assault-:
Number of person
7. 696
1,511
1, 157
1.225
793
583
12. 965
Kate per IDO.OOO
97.2
126. 1
98. '1
69.6
57.2
93. 8
49
Table 25. — Persons charged {held for prosecution), 1940, number and rate per
100, 000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
EAST NORTII CENTRAL STATES— Continued
Offense charged
Group I
Burglary — breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Larceny — theft:
Number of persons charged _
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, re-
ceiving, possessing:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000,. _
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged _
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons charged _
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercial-
ized vice:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and
prostitution) :
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Weapons: carrying, possessing,
etc.:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and
children:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor-vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100.000. .
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Group II
3,831
is. I
10, 314
130. 3
1, .533
19.4
2,959
37.4
616
7.8
443
5.6
514
6.5
8,272
104. 5
1,850
23.4
397
5.0
1,009
12. T
5,346
67.5
3, 764
47.5
4,038
51.0
i 600, 995
9, 549. 3
19, 778
249.8
89, 364
1, 128. 7
10,230
129. 2
22, 570
285.1
18, 020
227 6
1.002
83.7
1,964
164. 0
498
41.6
276
23.0
80
184
15.4
802
67.0
343
28.6
i 18
1.7
127
10.6
3 292
26.8
351
29.3
1,309
109.3
176,317
14, 719. 8
2,488
207.7
13, 919
1.162.0
1,960
163. 6
2,973
248.2
4,160
347.3
Group
III
Group
IV
17 cities,
.50,000 to
100.000;
popula-
tion,
1,169,955
589
50.3
1,668
142.6
311
26.6
290
24.8
53
4.5
95
8.1
186
15.9
254
21.7
106
9.1
474
40.5
255
21.8
1,521
130.0
114, 557
9,791.6
3,690
315.4
9,749
833.3
1,790
153.0
4,638
396.4
39 cities,
25,000 to
.50,000;
popula-
tion,
1,379,147
Group V
Group
VI
76 citias,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
1,138,733
651
47.2
1, 992
144.4
332
24.1
219
15.9
102
7.4
209
15.2
59
4.3
299
21.7
341
24.7
4
0.3
107
7.8
598
43.4
342
24.8
1,966
142.6
« 63, 464
4.717.3
3,360
243.6
11. 4.54
830.5
1,305
94.6
650
47.1
6,091
441.6
67.5
59.3
1,166
102.4
363
31.9
143
12.6
6.5
.5.7
116
10.2
286
25.1
136
11.9
3
0.3
106
9.3
321
28.2
247
21.7
1,683
147.8
50, 665
4, 449. 2
3,843
337. 5
10, 038
881. .5
867
76.1
676
59.4
2,426
213.0
182 cities
undei
10,000;
popula
tion,
1,018,855
Total,
330 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
13,821,595
678
66.5
1,228
120 5
323
31.7
III
10.9
92
9.0
42
4. 1
25
2.5
0.7
43
4.2
61
6.0
1,547
151.8
31,824
3, 123. 5
2.568
252. 0
7, 585
744. 5
542
53.2
228
22.4
1,834
180.0
7. 121.
53. 7
18,332
132. 6
3, 360
24. 3
3, 998
28.9
990
7.2
1, 139
8.2
83 1
6.0
9, 870
71.4
3, 020
21.8
2 438
3.2
1. 198
10.8
7, 130
52.0
5, 020
36.3
12, 064
87.3
• I.II37.S22
8, 531. 7
3.5, 727
258. .5
142, 109
1, 028. 2
16, 694
120.8
27, 986
202. 5
37. 169
268. 9
>-7 The number of persons charged and the rate are based on the reports of the number of cities as follows:
Footnote
Cities
Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
1...
7
329
329
1,089.418
13, 713. 194
1,089,418
13.713. 194
5
7
38
328
6,293,634
2.._
6...
1,345,352
3...
7...
12, 164, 348
4...
50
Table 26. Number of offense
offenses known, number and percentage of offenses cleared by
arrest, 1940, by population groups
WEST NORTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminal
norm
cide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
clary—
break-
ing or
enter-
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Population group
Murder.
nonneg-
ligent
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
Auto
theft
slaugh-
ncgli-
ing
ter
Group I.— 4 cities over 250,000; total
population, 1,995,332:
Number of offenses known
106
36
165
1. 154
344
5,255
20. 560
2.714
Number cleared by arrest
95
21
127
634
273
2. 725
6.099
725
Percentase cleared by arrest
vs. 6
58. 3
77 0
54.9
79.4
51.9
29. 7
26.7
Group II— 4 cities, 100,000 to 250,-
000; total population, 599,694:
Number of offenses known
9
18
24
162
115
1.464
5,170
1.1199
Number cleared by arrest
9
15
22
49
103
407
1.319
4-i.i
Percentage cleared by arrest
100.0
S3. 3
91.7
30.2
89. 6
27. ^
25.5
41.4
Group III— 5 cities. 50,000 to 100,-
000; total population, 353,185:
Number of offenses known
9
,
14
113
32
1. 61S
4.828
'.'27
Number cleared by arrest ..
7
5
15
50
26
497
1.063
225
Percentage cleared by arrest
77. 8
71.4
107. 1
44.2
81.3
30.7
22.0
24. 3
Group IV— 6 cities, 25,000 to 50,000;
total population, 202.909:
Number of offenses known
11
25
10
524
1,902
2.i,
Number cleared by arrest
1
11
10
112
328
44
Percentage cleared by arrest
50.0
0.0
loo. o
40.0
50.0
21.4
17.2
17. 1
Group V.— 43 cities, 10,000 to 25,000;
total population, 639,989:
Number of offenses known.. ..
9
3
41
161
60
1.666
5, 656
823
Number cleared by arrest .
3
36
61
59
437
1. 310
346
Percentage cleared bv arrest
ion. o
100.0
87. 8
37. 9
98. 3
26. 2
23.2
42. 0
Group VI.— 79 cities under 10,000;
total population. 421,802:
Number of offenses known
,
21
39
856
2. 477
343
Number cleared by arrest
7
1
19
31
32
320
920
162
Percentage cleared by arrest
100. 0
50.0
90.5
47.0
82.1
37.4
37.1
47.2
Total, 141 cities; total population,
4.212,911:
Number of offenses known. . .
142
68
276
1,681
600
11,383
10,593
6. 163
Number cleared bv arrest
[28
45
230
8£
498
4.498
11.039
1. 957
Percentage cleared by arrest
90. 1
66. 2
83. 3
49.7
83.0
39.5
27. 2
31.8
Table 27. — Persons charged (held for prosecution) , 1940, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
WEST NORTH CENTRAL STAFFS
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Group I
Group II
Group
III
i Jroup
IV
Group V
Group
VI
Total,
141
cities;
4 cities
4 cities,
5 cities,
6 cities.
43 cities,
79 cities
Offense charged
over
100,000 to
50,000 to
25,000 to
10.000 to
under
total
250,000;
250,000:
100,000;
50,000;
25,000;
10,000;
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
tion,
tion.
tion.
tion.
tion.
tion,
tion.
4,212,911
1,995.332
599.694
353,185
202,909
639,989
421,802
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegli-
gent manslaughter:
Number of persons
78
10
5
1
6
7
107
Rate per 100,000
3.9
1.7
1.4
0.5
0.9
1.7
2. 5
(6) Manslaughter by negli-
gence:
Number of persons
charged
Rate per 100,000
Robbery:
33
3
4
1
46
1. 7
0.8
0.8
0.6
0.2
1.1
Number of persons charged.
467
59
28
10
45
30
639
Rate per 100,000
23.4
9.8
7.9
4.9
7.0
7. 1
15.2
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
294
56
28
5
55
29
467
Rate per 100,000
14.7
9.3
7.9
2.5
8.6
6.9
11.1
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged.
482
403
217
77
305
181
1.665
Rate per 100,000
24.2
67.2
61.4
37.9
47.7
42.9
39.5
51
Table 27. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), tu'n, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups Continued
WEST XokTH CENTRAL STATES— Continued
Offense charged
Group I Group II
4 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
1 ,995,332
Burglary— breaking or enteri ng:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000-..
Larceny— theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000 ...
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, re-
ceiving, possessing:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000. __
Prostitution and commercial-
ized vice:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000. ..
Sex offenses (except rape and
prostitution) :
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
N limber of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Weapons: carrying, possessins,
etc.:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000
Offenses against family and
children:
Number of persons chareed
Rale per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct
Number of persons charged .
Rate per loo.ooo .
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
4 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
5'.l'.l.li'.U
Group
III
944
47.3
3,038
152. 3
463
23.2
619
31. 0
172
8.6
150
7.5
3, 566
178.7
442
22.2
157
7. 9
195
9.8
1,094
54 8
384
19. 2
97. 6
301.310
15 100 7
9,495
17.-, 9
17,841
894.1
3.570
178.9
; urn
150.9
10. 277
515.1
270
45.0
1.295
215.9
120
20.0
55
9.2
90
15.0
25
4.2
155
25. S
120
20. 0
18
3.0
14.3
3 65
13. 4
634
105. 7
771
L29 1
69. 748
11.630.6
513
s- 5
11, 427
1, 905. 5
3,303
550.8
291
48.5
5. 158
860.1
5 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
353.1X5
140
39.6
392
111.0
i 133
46.6
21
5.9
55
15.6
9
2.5
128
36.2
14
4.0
*131
45.9
241
68.2
309
87. 5
20. 002
5, 663. 3
681
192. s
5,640
1, 596. 9
589
166. 8
599
169.6
819
231.9
IV
Grr°"P Group V
6 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
202.909
273
134. 5
38
18.7
4
2.0
3.9
25
12.3
3.4
3
1.5
3
1.5
1
0. 5
93
45.8
299
147.4
203
100.0
9,233
4, 550. 3
43 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
639,989
282
139.0
2,535
1, 249. 3
344
169. 5
64
31.5
543
267. 6
355
55. 5
832
130.0
251
39.2
80
12.5
26
4.1
101
15.8
24
3.8
55
8.6
32
5.0
299
46.7
894
139.7
21.315
3, 330. 5
1,397
218.3
7.921
1, 237. 7
223
34.8
1.475
230.5
Group
VI
79 cities
under
10.000:
popula-
tion.
421,802
251
59.5
651
154.3
148
35.1
74
17.5
58
13.8
13.0
18
4.3
18
4.3
Total,
141
cities;
total
popula-
tion,
4,212,911
23
5.5
6
1.4
19
4.5
107
25.4
209
49.5
700
166.0
7.988
1, 893. 8
730
173.1
4,881
1, 157. 2
266
63.1
58
13.8
426
101.0
2,038
18 i
i, 18
1. 155
27 t
1.0311
24.8
342
8.1
498
11.8
233
5.5
3. 932
93
692
16.4
282
6.7
347
8.2
6 1,549
38.4
2. 066
49.0
4.828
in 6
129 596
10. 197. 1
13,098
310. 9
50. 245
1,192.6
8, 955
212. 6
4,245
100.8
18, 698
ii.;. s
<-« The number of persons charged and the rate are based on the reports of the number of cities as follows:
Footnote
Cities Population
Foot not e
Cities
Population
1
4 285,352
140 4, 145, 078
3 1 484,728
4
4
139
285, 352
2
5
4,030,112
3
52
Table 28. Number of offenses known, number and percentage of offenses cleared by
arrest, 1940, by population groups
SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminal
homicide
Aggra-
Bur-
glary—
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Population group
Murder,
non neg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
vated
as-
sault
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Auto
theft
Group L— 2 cities over 250,000: total
population, 1,161,388:
Number of offenses known. _ __
194
35
119
798
1,117
4,249
9,759
3,480
Number cleared by arrest
177
34
106
331
1,022
1,242
2.720
437
Percentage cleared bv arrest
91.2
97.1
89.1
41.5
91.5
29.2
27.9
12.6
Group II.— 4 cities, 100,000 to
2.50.000: total population, 622.943:
Xumber of offenses known . _
103
54
78
584
797
3,488
10, 782
1.640
Number cleared bv arrest
98
53
68
225
634
781
2,160
242
Percentage cleared by arrest
95.1
98.1
87.2
38.5
79.5
22.4
20.0
14.8
Group III.— 11 cities, 50,000 to
100.000: total population, 722,846:
Number of offenses known _
122
49
67
41S
1.313
3.588
11,002
1,252
108
41
56
223
997
1,230
3,148
276
Percentage cleared bv arrest
88.5
83.7
83.6
53.3
75.9
34.3
28.6
22.0
( Jroup IV.— 9 cities, 25,000 to 50,000;
total population. 315,935:
Number of offenses known
29
19
30
124
244
1,304
3,796
512
30
13
27
64
229
506
1,286
100
Percentage cleared bv arrest
103. 4
68.4
90.0
51. 6
93.9
38.8
33.9
19.5
( Iroup V.— 15 cities, 10,000 to 25,000;
total population, 226,104:
Xumber of offenses known
26
6
7
59
136
706
2,138
301
Number cleared bv arrest
26
6
7
41
125
275
886
139
Percentage cleared bv arrest..
100.0
100. 0
100.0
69. 5
91.9
39.0
41.4
46.2
Group VI.— 24 cities under 10,000;
total population, 133,765:
Number of offenses known
18
5
11
30
171
523
1.203
179
Number cleared by arrest _ .
17
5
12
13
153
174
384
51
Percentage cleared by arrest. .
94.4
100.0
109.1
43.3
89.5
33.3
31.9
28.5
Total, 65 cities; total population,
3,182,981:
Number of offenses known
492
16S
312
2,013
3. 778
13. 858
38, 680
7. 364
Xumber cleared by arrest . _ .
456
152
276
897
3,160
4. 208
10, 584
1.245
Percentage cleared by arrest
92.7
90.5
88.5
44.6
83.6
30.4
27.4
16.9
Table 29. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1940, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Group I
Group 11
Group
III
Group
IV
Group V
Group
VI
Total, 65
Offense charged
2 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
1,161,388
4 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
622,943
11 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
722,846
9 eities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
315,935
15 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
226,104
24 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
133,765
cities;
total
popula-
tion,
3,182,981
Criminal homicide:
(o) Murder and nonnegli-
gent manslaughter:
Number of persons
charged . .
Rate per 100,000
(6) Manslaughter by neg-
ligence:
Number of persons
charged. . .
Rate per 100.000
i ry:
Number of persons charged
Hate per 100,000
189
16.3
161
13.9
559
48.1
108
17.3
82
13.2
295
47.4
109
15.1
63
8.7
252
34.9
30
9.5
S
2.5
06
20.9
31
13.7
7
3.1
44
19.5
15
11.2
4
3.0
9
6.7
482
15.1
325
10.2
1.225
38.5
53
Table 29.— Persons charged 'field for prosecution), 1940, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups Continued
SOUTH ATLANTIC STATES— Continue!
Offense charged
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000 _.
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Burglary— breaking or en ferine:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000
Larceny — theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000. .
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property: buying, receiv-
ing, possessing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .'.
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
N'um ber of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercial-
ized vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .
Sex offenses (except rape and
prostitution):
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100, oi «i
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Weapons: carrying, possessing,
etc.:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and
children:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
N'um ber of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Group I
2 cities
over
250.000:
popula-
tion,
1,161.388
1,069
92.0
4.067
350. 2
1,406
121. 1
3,343
287.8
651
56. 1
131
11.3
164
14.1
104
9.0
99
8.5
393
33.8
144
12.4
17
1.5
572
49.3
568
48.9
1,684
145.0
1.968
169. 5
171,731
14. 786. 7
25, 405
2,187.5
27, 737
2. 388. 3
1,561
134.4
3,069
264.3
9, 355
805.5
Group II
4 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
622.943
683
109.6
4,196
673.6
855
137.3
2.489
399.6
280
44.9
400
64.2
164
26.3
14.0
12.4
1,191
191.2
437
70.2
17
2.7
305
49.0
1, 965
315.4
1,48
238.
650
104.3
Group
III
84, 591
13, 579. 3
9,092
1. 459. 5
18, 237
2. 927. 6
2,804
4.50.1
3,514
564.1
5, 216
837.3
11 cities.
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
722,846
1,168
161.6
4,212
582.7
1,186
164. 1
3,127
432.6
254
35. 1
163
22.5
191
26.4
59
8.2
787
108.9
260
36.0
1.0
497
566
78.3
3,278
453.5
1,758
243.2
82, 730
11,445.0
9,385
1, 298. 3
26, 689
3, 692. 2
2,785
385.3
2,930
405.3
10,280
1.422.2
Group
IV
9 cities.
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion.
315,935
249
78.8
1,490
471.6
344
108.9
1, 157
366.2
93
29.4
64
20.3
82
26.0
59
18.7
178
56.3
292
92.4
152
48.1
484
153.2
835
264.3
583
184.5
22, 871
7. 239. 1
3. 020
955. 9
8, 805
2, 787. 0
494
156. 4
911
288.4
3,460
1.095.2
Group V
15 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
226.104
121
53.5
913
403.8
273
120.7
709
313.6
106
46.9
158
69.9
26
11.5
80
35.4
50
22.1
3
1.3
107
47.3
64
28.3
458
202.6
548
242.4
17. 936
7, 932. 6
2.790
1,233.9
6.069
2, 684. 2
376
166. 3
699
309.1
1.661
734.6
Group
VI
24 cities
under
10,000:
popula -
tion,
133,765
Total, 65
cities;
total
popula-
tion,
3.182,981
180
134.6
500
373.8
333
248. 9
27
20.2
21
15.7
31
23.2
12
9.0
15
11.2
26
19.4
2
1.5
53
39.6
55
41.1
160
119.6
472
352.9
5,538
4. 140. 1
1,585
1,184.9
5,224
3. 905. 4
271
202. 6
284
212.3
721
539.0
3. 470
109.0
15.37S
483. 1
4.208
132. 2
11. 158
350. 6
1,432
45.0
943
29.6
535
16.8
552
17.3
278
2,614
82.1
1.247
39.2
48
1.5
53.0
3.702
116.3
7.902
248.3
5,979
187.8
385, 397
12, 108. 1
51,277
1.611.0
92. 761
2.914.3
8.291
260.5
11.407
358. 4
30, 693
964.3
54
Table 30. — Number of offenses known, number and percentage of offenses cleared by
arrest, 1940, by population groups
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminal
homicide
Aggra-
Bur-
glary—
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Copula! ion yroup
Murder. M
Rape
Rob-
bery
vated
as-
sault
break-
ing or
enter-
Auto
theft
man-
negli-
ing
ter
(roup I.1
Group II.— 1 city, 100,000 to 250,000;
population, 111,580:
Number of offenses known
25
10
23
211
287
1,086
292
Number cleared by arrest
26
12
24
188
123
323
48
Percentage cleared by arrest
104.0
120.0
104.3
S9. 1
42.9
29.7
16.4
Group III— 3 cities, 50,000 to 100,000;
total population, 202,209;
Number of offenses known
44 25
16
75
325
1. 125
2,100
292
X umber cleared by arrest
36 1 25
12
32
238
241
639
39
Percentage cleared by arrest
81.8 100.0
75.0
42.7
73.2
21.4
30.4
13.4
Group IV.— 2 cities, 25,000 to 50,000;
total population, 67,606:
Number of offenses known
19 3
2
28
61
236
561
104
Number cleared by arrest
17 3
1
25
29
59
127
37
Percentage cleared by arrest
too.o
50. 0
89.3
47.5
25.0
22.6
35.6
Group V— 6 cities. 10.000 to 25,000;
total population. 79.329:
Number of offenses known
16
3
48
65
348
1, 031
59
Number cleared by arrest
14
3
18
57
135
362
17
Percentage cleared by arrest- ..
87. •
100.0
37.5
87.7
38.8
35.1
28.8
Group VI. — 4 cities under 10,000;
:otal population, 20,355:
Number of offenses known
8
2
11
16
55
82
/
Number cleared by arrest
3
1
5
11
15
39
1
Percentage cleared by arrest
37.5
50.0
45. 5
68. -
27.3
47. 6
14.3
Total, 16 cities: total population,
481,079:
Number of offenses known
112
21
185
678
2.051
4,860
754
Number cleared by arrest
96 41
16
104
523
573
1.490
142
Percentage cleared by arrest
102.5
76. 2
56.2
77.1
27.9
30. 7
18.8
• No cities in this population group represented.
Table 31
Persons charged held for prosecution), 1940, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
I }roup 1 ( froup 1 1
Group
III
Group
IV
Group V
Group
VI
Total,
' Ifiense charged
P)
i city,
100,000
to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
111,580
3 cities,
50.000
to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
202,209
2 cities,
25,000
to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
67,606
6 cities,
10,000
to
25.000;
popula-
tion.
79,329
4 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
20,355
16
cities;
total
popu-
lation.
481,079
Criminal homicide:
Murder and nonnegligent man-
slaughter:
27
24.2
13
11.7
18
16.1
36
17. ^
28
13.8
44
21.8
26
38.5
5
7.4
44
05. 1
11
13.9
2
102
Hate per 100.000 . .
9.8 21.2
(6) Manslaughter by negligence:
1
4.9
4
47
Hate per 100 000
9.8
Robbery:
20
25. 2
130
• per 100,000
19. 7 27. 0
See footnote :it end of table.
55
Table 31. — Persons charged {held for prosecution), t940, number and rate per
100,0ixi inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES— Continued
Group I
Offense charged
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000..
Burglary — breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000...
Larceny — theft:
Number of persons charged
Hate per 100,000 .
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .
Stolen property: buying, receiving, pos-
sessing-
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged ..
Rate per 100.000
Rape-
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000. _ .
Prostitution and commercialized vice:
Number of persons charged . .
Rate per 100.000
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitu-
tion):
Number of persons charged ...
Rate per 100,000.
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000
Offenses against family and children:
Number of persons charged ...
Rate per 100,000. .
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .... ..
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000 .
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .
Gambling:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged . .:
Rate per 100,000
Group II
(')
1 city,
loo.ooo
to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
111,580
188
168.5
146
130.8
299
268. 0
57
51. 1
5
4.5
14
12.5
71
63.6
Group
III
3 cities,
50.000
to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
202.209
169
151. 5
45
40.3
69
61.8
692
620.2
140
125.5
7,752
, 947. 5
628
562.8
5, 184
, 646. 0
825
739. 4
468
419.4
236
116.7
730
361.0
185
91.5
546
270. 0
19
9.4
90
44.5
49
24.2
20
9.9
12
5.9
12
5.9
2
97
48.0
12
5.9
397
196.3
327
161. 7
16,636
8. 227. 1
1, 101
544.5
3.727
1, 843. 1
251
124. 1
528
261. 1
4, 436
2, 193. 8
Group
IV
2 cities,
25,000
to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
67,606
35
51.8
42
62. 1
53
78. t
152
224. S
40
59.2
35
51.8
61
90.2
26
38.5
113.9
2
3.0
Group V
1
1.5
32
47.3
32
47.3
59
87.3
44
65. 1
285
121 6
2.589
3, 829. 5
267
394.9
254
375. 7
286
423. 0
30
37.8
25
31.5
2
2.5
13
16.4
60
75.6
47
59.2
205
258.4
182
229.4
1. 132. 0
631
795.4
3. 002
3, 784. 2
414
521.9
Group
VI
4 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
20,355
13
63.9
78
383.2
15
73.7
48
235. 8
21
103.2
Total,
16
cities:
total
popu-
lation,
481.079
2
9.8
3
14.7
51
250. 6
134
658. 3
227
1. 115.2
963
4,731.0
92
452. 0
144
707.4
81
397.9
51.5
107. 1
1.309
272.1
501
104. 1
1. 369
284. 6
128
26.6
139
28.9
17.'
56.4
148
30.8
15
3. 1
273
56.7
55
11.4
276
57.4
94
19.5
1, 402
291.4
74 *
154. 7
2.5. 70.5
5, 343. 2
.5. 17L
1. 075. 9
12, 943
2. 690. 4
1. 501
312.0
1. 482
308 1
.5. 226
1, 086. 3
1 No cities in this population group represented.
56
Table 32. — Number of offenses known, number and percentage of offenses cleared
b7j arrest, 19't0, by population groups
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
Group I.— 3 cit ies over 250,1 100; total
i opulation, 1,043,125:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
Group II- 2 cities, 100,000 to
250.000; total population, 382,086:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest .
Group III. -5 cities, 50.000 to
100,000; total population, 383,526:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
Group IV.— 6 cities, 25,000 to 50,000;
total population, 221,221:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest .
Group V- 18 cities, 10,000 to
25,000; total population, 266,019:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest- ...
Percentage cleared by arrest
Group VI— 17 cities under 10.000;
total population, 99,016:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
Total, 51 cities: total population,
2.394,993:
Number of offenses known .
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest —
Criminal
homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
134
129
96.3
31
-
Man-
slaugh-
ter by-
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
52
48
92.3
16
15
93 -
15
10
66 :
113
98
B6 7
24
23
515
265
51 . 5
12
11
18
12
7
18
.0
63. 6
inn 0
-
-
29
17
7
25
100. 0 86. 2
10
9
90.0
251
2 ;•
94.1!
230
93
411.4
192
80
41.7
53
31
58 "■
123
46
37.4
15
4
80. 0
106
91
100. 0 33. 3
220
193
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
1, 138
v77
77.1
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
386
214
55. 4
310
266
-- -
131
116
148
130
■7. v
46
42
91.3
3.233
1 . 057
32.7
1.980
744
37.6
1 . 592
41."
685
228
33.3
804
268
33. 3
295
90
30. 5
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Auto
theft
13,810
3.128
22.7
5.914
1.580
26.7
5, 524
1.550
28.1
3,027
834
27.6
3.133
1.038
33.1
656
253
38.6
1.128
2. 159
8.589
32, 064
3. 676
520
1.645
3. 051
S.3S3
1.022
46. 1
76.2
35. 5
26.1
27.^
1,677
352
21.0
615
293
47. 6
701
154
22.11
278
67
24. 1
333
110
33.0
46
63.9
Table 33.
-Persons charged (held for prostration), 1940, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Group I
Group II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group V
Group
VI
Total,
3 cities
2 cities,
5 cities,
6 cities,
IS cities.
17 cities
51 cities:
total
popula-
Offense charged
over
lOO.OOOto
50,000 to
25.000 to
10,000 to
under
250,000;
250.000:
100,000:
50,000;
25,000;
10,000;
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
2,394,993
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion.
tion,
tion,
1,043,125
382,086
22 1.. '21
266,019
99,016
Criminal homicide:
■fit Murder and nonnegli-
gent manslaughter:
Number of persons
charged
101
42
29
12
17
7
208
Rate per 100,000
9.7
11.0
7.6
o.4
6.4
7.1
8.7
(6) Manslaughter by negli-
gence:
Number of persons
charged
27
3
7
7
8
10
62
Rate per 100,000
Robbery:
Number of persons charged.
2.6
0.8
1.8
3.2
3.0
10.1
2.6
249
98
84
40
69
6
546
Rate per 100,000
23.9
25.6
21.9
18. 1
25.9
6.1
22. 8
ited assault:
Number of persons charged.
786
167
318
109
133
50
1,563
Rateper 100,000
75.4
43.7
82.9
49.3
50.0
50.5
65.3
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged.
1,038
561
530
783
676
88
3, »i7ti
Rate per 100,000
99.5
146.8
138.2
353.9
254.1
88.9
153. 5
57
Table 33. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1940, number and rate per
\00,000 inhabitants, by population groups- Continued
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL STATES— Continued
Group I
Offense charged
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Larceny— theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 -
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .
Stolen property: buying, receiv-
ing, possessing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100.000 .
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercial-
ized vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and
prostitution):
Number of persons charged.
Rateper 100,000 ..
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged -
Rate per 100,000 ...
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc.:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and
children:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws'
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000 .
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000 .
Traffic and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000...
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000 .
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
3 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
1,043,125
672
64.4
2, 695
258.4
177
17. 0
229
22.0
125
12.0
185
17.7
113
10.8
1. 651
158. 3
247
23.7
187
17.9
i 133
17.8
17
1.6
681
65.3
223, 713
21,446.4
11,837
1, 134. 8
17, 157
1. 644. 8
7,914
758. 7
1,750
167.8
Group II
2 cities,
100,000 to
250,000:
popula-
tion,
3s2,om:
403
105. 5
1,241
324.8
166
43.4
93
24.3
161
42. 1
22
5.8
2,551
667.7
179
46.8
92
24.1
147
38.5
7
1.8
1. 342
351.2
175
45.8
3 32, 794
16, 042. 1
1,101
288.2
11,352
2.971. 1
Group
III
4.953
474.8
2, 138
559. 6
383. 9
2. 594
678.9
5 cities,
50.000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
383,526
457
119.2
1. 243
324. 1
S7
22.7
48
12.5
63
16.4
91
23.7
22
5.7
279
72.7
263
68.6
95
24. S
74
19.3
3
0.8
180
46.9
370
96.5
Group
[V
6 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
221,221
68, 106
17, 757. 9
1,522
396.8
8,938
2, 330. 5
2, 160
563. 2
1,196
311.8
1,161
302.7
179
80.9
651
294.3
55
24.9
39
17.6
14
6.3
45
20.3
27
12.2
7
3.2
79
35.7
5
2.3
66
29.8
28
12.7
51
23.1
248
112.1
< 12, 863
7, 069. 6
799
361. 2
6, 270
2, 834. 3
983
444.4
471
212.9
542
245. 0
Group V °™?P
18 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
266,019
267
LOO. I
300. 4
114
42.9
77
28.9
17
23
8.6
115
43.2
146
54.9
3.4
84
31.6
3.4
325
122.2
518
194.7
11,040
4, 150. I
1,427
536. 4
9, 100
3, 420. 8
778
292. 5
693
260.5
1,341
504. 1
VI
17 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
99,016
81
81.8
56
56.6
15
15. 1
32
32.3
6
6.1
4
4.0
11
11.1
18
18.2
4
4.0
47
47.5
134
135. 3
1. 366
1, 379. 6
337
340. 3
1,832
1, 850. 2
156
157.6
171
172.7
265
267.6
Total.
51 cities:
total
popula-
tion,
2,394,993
2, 059
86.0
6, 805
284.1
655
27.3
493
20.6
374
15.6
561
23.4
4,607
192.4
925
38.6
393
16.4
576
24.1
1,962
81.9
2, 126
88.8
3 349, 882
16. 064. 0
17.023
710.8
54,649
2,281.8
14, 129
589.9
5, 748
240. 0
10. 856
153. 3
The number of persons charged and the rate are based on the reports of the number of cities as follows:
Footnote
Cities Population
Footnote
Cities
Population
1
2 7K39I
50 2, 100, 259
1 204,424
4
5
49
2...
5
2,178.057
3
58
Table 34. — Number of offenses known, number and percentage of offenses cleared
by arrest, 1.940, by population groups
MOUNTAIN" STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminal
homi
cide
Aggra-
Bur-
glary—
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Population group
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
Rape
Rob-
bery
vated
as-
sault
break-
ing or
enter-
Auto
theft
man-
slaugh-
ter
negli-
gence
ing
Group I.— 1 city over 250,000: popu-
lation, 322,412:
Number of offenses known.
10
19
16
200
60
1.140
4,322
507
10
17
15
105
44
762
563
331
Percentage cleared by arrest
100.0
89. ■
93.8
52.5
73.3
66.8
13.0
65.3
Group II.1
Group III.— 1 city, 50,000 to 100,000;
population, 52,162:
Number of offenses known _
1
2
1
50
22
204
480
65
Number cleared by arrest.
1
9
1
14
16
41
98
8
Percentage cleared by arrest
100.0
100.0
100.0
28.0
72.7
20.1
20.4
12.3
Group IV.— 5 cities, 25,000 to 50,000;
total population, 231,036:
Number of offenses known
7
9
15
68
27
7*
4. 247
504
7
6
12
26
20
313
770
83
Percentage cleared by arrest
100. 0
66. 7
80.0
38. 2
74.1
41.2
18.1
16.5
Group V.— 9 cities, 10,000 to 25,000;
total population. 142.630:
Number of offenses known
4
17
58
27
484
2.206
396
Number cleared by arrest . ._
3
3
13
44
24
231
930
109
Percentage cleared by arrest
100.0
75.0
7i',. 5
75.9
S8.9
47.7
42.2
27. 5
Group VI.— 29 cities under 10,000;
Total population, 160,905:
Number of offenses known
5
.
21
29
.50
563
1. 622
217
Number cleared by arrest _ ..
3
6
20
19
45
199
399
91
Percentage cleared by arrest
60.0
85 :
95.2
65.5
90.0
35. 3
24.6
41.9
Total. 45 cities: total population,
909,145:
Number of offenses known. ...
26
41
70
405
186
3.151
12, 877
1.689
Number cleared by arrest
24
:-;4
61
208
149
1. 546
2.760
622
Percentage cleared by arrest
92. 3
S2.9
ST. 1
51.4
80.1
49.1
21.4
36.8
! No cities in this population group represented.
Table 35. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1940, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
MOUNTAIN STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Group I
Group II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group V
Group
VI
Total,
45
cities;
total
popula-
tion,
909,145
Offense charged
l city
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
322.412
0)
l city,
50.000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
52,162
5 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
231,036
9 cities,
10,000 to
25.000;
popula-
tion,
142,630
29 cities
under
10,000:
popula-
tion,
160,905
Criminal homicide:
Murder and nonnegligent man-
slaughter:
Number of persons charged.
10
3.1
19
5.9
81
25.1
7
3.0
6
2. 6
29
12.6
3
2.1
3
2.1
36
25.2
2
1.2
4.4
22
Kate per 100,000. .
2.4
b) Manslaughter by negligence:
3
5.8
8
15.3
38
Rate per 100,000
4.2
Robberj :
Number of persons charged
Rate tier 100,000
20 174
12. 4 1 19. 1
See footnote at end of table.
59
Table 35. — Persons charged (held for prosecution . U)',i>, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups Continued
MOl'NTAIN STATES— Continued
Offense charged
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 .
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Larceny— theft :
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged
Kate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, receiving, pos-
sessing:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 ...
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000. __
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000...
Prostitution and commercialized vice:
Number of persons charged -
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and prostitu-
tion):
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000 ...
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and children:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100.000. . .
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000...
Traffic and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 ...
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged
Kale per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 . .
Gambling:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 __
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Group I
1 city
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
322,412
17
5.3
2
0.6
136
42.2
581
180.2
164
50.9
56
17. 4
4
1.2
14
4.3
8
2.5
17
5.3
34
10.5
41
12.7
277
85.9
45, 438
1. 093. 1
1,517
470.5
6.611
2. 050. 5
1.277
396. 1
182
56.4
692
214.6
Group II
(')
( Iroup
111
1 citv,
50,000 to
Kill. 000;
popula-
tion,
52.162
22
42. 2
15
28.8
60
115.0
8
15.3
1
1.9
38
72.8
10
19.2
1
1.9
17
32.6
57
109.3
1,817
. 483. 4
359
ess 2
748
.434.0
436
835.9
38
72.8
252
483.1
Group
IV
Group V
5 cities.
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
231,(131.
19
8.2
114
19.3
159
0s s
687
297 1
16
6.9
51
22.1
40
17.3
13
5.6
359
155.4
27
11.7
26
11.3
SI
35.1
50
21.6
268
116.0
34, 936
15, 121.5
I. 198
1,946.9
795
3 44. 1
121
52.4
1,582
684.7
9 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion.
142,630
38
26.6
112
78.5
147
103.1
407
285. 4
92
64.5
113
79.2
9
6.3
62
43.5
14
9.8
133
93.2
20
14.0
4
2. S
21
14.7
28
19.6
256
179.5
10. 219
7. h'.4. 7
895
027. 5
2, 770
1.942.1
2, 175
1. 524. 9
15
10.5
754
528.6
Group
VI
29 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
160,905
42
26. 1
107
66.5
154
95.7
227
141. 1
82
51.0
4.4
59
16
9.9
140
87.0
31
19.3
34
21.1
39
24.2
297
184.6
5, 500
3. 418. 2
3,419
2. 124.9
607
414. 5
129
80.2
257
159.7
Total.
15
cities:
total
popula-
tion,
909,145
138
15.2
350
38.5
614
67.5
1,962
215.8
388
42.7
228
25.1
173
19.0
58
6.4
670
73.7
38
4.2
129
14. 2
144
15.8
165
18.1
I. l.V
127.0
'.'7 910
10, 769.5
1. 369
180.6
18, 046
1,984.9
5.350
588.5
is;,
53.3
3.537
389. 0
1 No cities in this population group represented.
60
Table 36.- Number of off uses known, number and percentagi of offenses cleared
by arrest, 1940, by population groups
PACIFIC STATES
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminal
homicide
Aggra-
Bur-
glary-
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Population group
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
vated
as-
sault
break -
ing or
enter-
ing
Auto
theft
i Iroup I.— 3 cities over 250,000; total
population, 1,242,093:
Number of offenses known
46
88
139
1.033
492
6,490
16,832
4,051
Number cleared by arrest
38
74
95
302
274
1, 562
2.645
579
Percentage cleared by arrest
82.6
84.1
68.3
29.2
55.7
24.1
15.7
14.3
Group II— 5 cities, 100,000 to 250,000;
total population, 704,979:
Number of offenses known
28
69
37
483
149
3, 565
11,369
1,980
Number cleared bv arrest
22
42
29
183
95
925
1 . 887
395
Percentage cleared by arrest .
78.6
60.9
78.4
37. 9
63. S
25.9
16.fi
19.9
Group III.— 5 cities, 50,000to 100,000;
total population, 371,950:
Number of offenses known
8
17
34
112
39
1,662
6,250
824
Number cleared by arrest
6
10
29
57
33
649
1. 183
161
Percentage cleared by arrest
75.0
58.8
85.3
50.9
84.6
39.0
18.9
19.5
Group I V.— 12 cities, 25,000 to 50,000;
total population, 384,398:
Number of offenses known
8
9
29
173
72
1.759
fi, 375
1.062
7
3
19
64
51
615
1.328
207
Percentage cleared by arrest
37. 5
33.3
65. 5
37.11
70.8
35. 0
20.8
19.5
Group V.— 29 cities, 10,000 to 25,000;
total population, 409,773:
Number of offenses known
16
5
37
95
49
1.269
5, 228
858
Number cleared bv arrest
15
4
35
42
42
461
1.209
310
Percentage cleared by arresl
93. 8
so. 0
94.6
44.2
85. 7
36.3
23.1
36.1
Group VI.— 67 cities under 10,000:
total population, 409,066:
Number of offenses known
10
6
32
121
6S
1,442
5.889
7Ss
Number cleared by arrest
9
5
30
49
50
478
1,359
217
Percentage cleared by arrest
90.0
83.3
93.8
40. 5
73. 5
33.1
23.1
27. 5
Total, 121 cities; total population,
3,522.259:
Number of offenses known
116
194
308
2,017
S69
16, 187
51,943
9.563
Number cleared bv arrest .
97
138
237
697
545
4,690
9.611
1,869
Percentage cleared by arrest
83. 6
71.1
76.9
34.6
62.7
29.0
18.5
19.5
Table 37. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1940, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, bij population groups
PACIFIC states
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Group I
Group II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group V
Group
V)
Total,
121 cities;
total pop-
ulation,
3,522,259
Offense charged
3 cities
over
5 cities,
100,000 to
5 cities,
50,000 to
12 cities,
25,000 to
29 cities,
10,000 to
67 cities
under
250,000;
250,000;
100,000;
50.000;
25,000;
10,000:
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
tion.
tion,
tion.
tion,
tion.
tion.
1,242,093
704,979
371 .950
384,398
409.773
409,066
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegli-
gehl manslaughter:
Number of persons
charged
34
23
11
10
9
92
Kate per 100.000
2.7
3.3
1.3
2.9
2.4
2.2
2.6
(b) Manslaughter by negli-
gence:
Number of persons
charged
135
33
10
3
5
4
190
Kate pi r loii.ooo
10.9
4.7
2.7
0.8
1.2
1.0
5.4
ery:
Number of persons charged.
246
142
90
69
07
47
661
Rate per 100,000
19. S
20. 1
24. 2
IS. 0
16.4
li.:,
is. s
61
Table 37. — Perso7is charged (held for prosecution), 19 ',0, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
PACIFIC STATES— Continued
Group I
Offense charged
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged _
Rate per 100,000
Burglary — breaking or entering:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Larceny — theft:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, re-
ceiving, possessing:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000...
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercial-
ized vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and
prostitution') :
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc.:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and
children:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000...
Liquor laws:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000.
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Traffic and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
3 cities
over
250,01X1:
popula-
tion,
1.242.093
241
19.4
975
78.5
708
57.0
2,135
171.9
482
38.8
143
11.5
72
5.8
456
36.7
75
6.0
5,039
405. 7
32.8
294
23.7
493
39.7
35
2.8
1,536
123.7
570, 138
45,901.4
1,520
122. 4
58, 77 1
4.731.6
9,397
756. 5
6,203
499.4
3.737
300.9
Group II
5 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
704,979
63
415
58.9
341
48.4
1,171
166. 1
177
25.1
12.6
16
2.3
132
18.7
16
2.3
1,126
159.7
81
11. 5
38
5.4
46
6.5
16
2.3
115
16.3
1,220
173.1
i 85, 158
15, 749. 4
1,871
265.4
16. 574
2.351.0
8,704
1. 234. 6
1, 146
162.6
4,149
588.5
Group
III
5 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion.
371,950
33
194
52.2
394
105.9
590
158. 6
42
11.3
23.9
24
6.5
108
29.0
1.9
18
4.8
140
37.6
1.144
307.6
63,415
17, 049. 3
589
158. 4
5.091
1. 368. 7
1,839
494.4
167
44.9
1, 566
421.0
Group
IV
12 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
384.398
63
16.4
Group V G™UP
29 cities, | 67 cities
10,000 to under
134
34.9
467
121.5
618
160.8
124
32.3
24
6.2
148
38.5
22
5.7
561
145.9
63
16.4
1.8
46
12.0
1. 246
324. 1
66, 126
17,202.5
539
140.2
7,866
2, 046. 3
1,910
496.9
249
64.8
1,100
286.2
25,000;
popula-
tion.
409,773
58
14.2
196
47.8
337
82.2
812
216
52.7
47
11.5
14
3.4
116
28.3
69
16.8
10
2.4
34
8.3
85
20.7
16.8
1,529
373.1
47, 670
11,633.3
1.502
366. 5
10,037
2, 1 19 1
2, 441
595. 7
410
100.1
1,965
479.5
10.000;
popula-
tion.
109.1166
Total,
121 cities:
total pop
ulation,
3.522,259
62
15.2
260
63.6
369
90.2
1, 002
244.9
197
48.2
47
11.5
34
8.3
173
42.3
29
7.1
32
7.8
51
12.5
2.2
38
9.3
36
140
34.2
1.827
446.6
36,060
8, 815. 2
1, 446
353. 5
11.068
2, 705. 7
2,167
529.7
264
64.5
2,421
591.8
1(19. 107
3. 106 2
26. i:.s
751 2
8, 439
239. 6
14,938
421 !
1-2 The number of persons charged and the rate are
(1) 4 cities. 540.70S population; (2) 120 cities, 3,357,98
based on the reports of the number of cities as follows:
i population.
OFFENSE CLASSIFICATIONS
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in part I and
part II offenses, there follows a brief definition of each classification:
Part I Offenses.
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter includes all
wilful felonious homicides as distinguished from deaths caused by negligence.
Does not include attempts to kill, assaults to kill, suicides, accidental deaths, or
justifiable homicides. Justifiable homicides excluded from this classification are
limited to the following types of cases: (1) The killing of a felon by a peace officer
in line of duty; (2) the killing of a hold-up man by a private citizen. (b) Man-
slaughter by negligence includes any death which the police investigation estab-
lishes was primarily attributable to gross negligence on the part of some individual
other than the victim.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape (no force used — victim under
age of consent), assault to rape, and attempted rape.
3. Robbery. — -Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as strong-arm robbery, stick-ups,
robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by the use of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe-
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or a theft, even though no force
was used to gain entrance. Includes attempted burglary. Burglary followed by
larceny is included in this classification and not counted again as larceny.
6. Larceny — theft (except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value; (b)
under §50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, thefts of bicycles, automobile accessories,
shoplifting, pocket-picking, or any stealing of property or article of value which
is not taken by force and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement,
"con" games, forgery, worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft- — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the so-called joy-riding thefts. Does not include
taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unauthorized use
I hose having lawful access to the vehicle.
Part II Offenses.
8. Other assaults. — Includes all assaults and attempted assaults which are not
of an aggravated nature and which do not belong in class 4.
9. Forgery and counterfeiting. — Includes offenses dealing with the making,
altering, uttering, or possessing, with intent to defraud, anything false which is
made to appear true. Includes attempts.
10. Embezzlement and fraud. — Includes all offenses of fraudulent conversion,
embezzlement, and obtaining money or property by false pretenses.
11. Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing. — Includes buying, receiving,
and possessing stolen property as well as attempts to commit any of those offenses.
12. Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc. — Includes all violations of regulations
Mites controlling the carrying, using, possessing, furnishing, and manufactur-
(62)
63
ing of deadly weapons or silencers and all attempts to violate such statutes or
regulations.
13. Prostitution and commercialized vice. — Includes sex offenses of a commercial-
ized nature, or attempts to commit the same, such as prostitution, keeping
bawdy house, procuring, transporting, or detaining women for immoral purposes.
14. Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution and commercialized vice). — In-
cludes offenses against chastity, common decency, morals, and the like. Includes
attempts.
15. Offenses against the family ami children. — Includes offenses of nonsupport,
neglect, desertion, or abuse of family and children.
16. Narcotic drug laws. — Includes offenses relating to narcotic drugs, such as
unlawful possession, sale, or use. Exclude Federal offenses.
17. Liquor laws. — With the exception of "Drunkenness" (class 18) and "Driving
while intoxicated" (class 22), liquor law violations, State or local, are placed in
this class. Exclude Federal violations.
18. Drunkenness. — Includes all offenses of drunkenness or intoxication.
19. Disorderly conduct. — ■Includes all charges of committing a breach of the
peace.
20. Vagrancy. — Includes such offenses as vagabondage, begging, loitering, etc.
21. Gambling. — Includes offenses of promoting, permitting, or engaging in
gambling.
22. Driving while intoxicated. — Includes driving or operating any motor vehicle
while drunk or under the influence of liquor or narcotics.
23. Violation of road and driving laws. — Includes violations of regulations with
respect to the proper handling of a motor vehicle to prevent accidents.
24. Parking violations. — Includes violations of parking ordinances.
25. Other violations of traffic and motor vehicle laws. — Includes violations of
State laws and municipal ordinances with regard to traffic and motor vehicles
not otherwise provided for in classes 22-24.
26. All other offenses. — Includes all violations of State or local laws foe which
no provision has been made above in classes 1-25.
27. Suspicion. — This classification includes all persons arrested as suspicious
characters, but not in connection with any specific offense, who are released with-
out formal charges being placed against them.
o
UNIFORM
CRIME
REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
ISSUED BY THE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
Volume XII Number 2
SECOND QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1941
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume XII — Number 2
SECOND QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1941
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
ADVISORY
International Association of Chiefs of Police
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1941
U. S. SUPERINTENDENT I
AUG 25 1941
CONTENTS
Page
Summary of volume XII, No. 2 65-66
Classification of offenses 66-67
Extent of reporting area 67-68
Monthly reports:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population
(table 38) 69-70
Annual trends, offenses known to the police, 1940-41 (table 39) 70-73
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location
(tables 40, 41) 74-78
Offenses in individual cities over 100,000 in population (table 42) 79-81
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police (table 43) 82
Offenses known in Territories and possessions (table 44) 82-83
Data from supplementary offense reports (tables 45-47) 83-89
Police employee data:
Police killed by criminals, 1940 (table 48) 90-91
Number of police employees, 1940 (tables 49-53) 91-117
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1941:
Sex distribution of persons arrested (table 54) 119-120
Age distribution of persons arrested (tables 55-57) 121-124
Number with records showing previous convictions (table 58) 124-125
Definitions of part I and part II offense classifications 127-128
ANNOUNCEMENT
An index to the Uniform Crime Reports bulletins issued during;
the years 1930-1939, volumes I-X, has been prepared by the FBI.
A copy of the Ten Year Index may be obtained by addressing a
request to: Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States
Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.
(ii)
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department
of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume XII July 1941 Number 2
SUMMARY
Crime Trends, January- June, 1940-41.
Murders increased 7.6 percent the first half of this year compared
with the same period of 1940. Other increases were: Rape, 3.6 per-
cent; auto theft, 3.0 percent; aggravated assault, 2.6 percent; and
negligent manslaughter, 1.3 percent. Decreases were as follows:
robbery, 9.0 percent; burglary, 5.8 percent; and larceny, 1.2 percent.
The crime situation during the second quarter of 1941 was generally
more favorable than it was during the first quarterly period. With
few exceptions the increases which started during January-March
were less pronounced and the decreases more emphatic during the
second quarter.
Distribution of Crimes, 1941.
The police in 2,034 cities with a combined population of 64,095,186
reported, during the first half of the year, a total of 425,253 offenses.
Fifty-nine and two-tenths percent of the crimes reported were lar-
cenies; 21.6 percent were burglaries; 11.8 percent were auto thefts;
and 3.2 percent were robberies. The remaining 4.2 percent were
criminal homicides, rapes, and other felonious assaults. Crimes
against property occurred per unit of population with greatest fre-
quency in cities with over 100,000 inhabitants. Murder and felonious
assault rates were highest in cities with population from 50,000 to
100,000.
Police Employees, 1940.
Last year 13 police officers were killed by criminals in 410 cities
over 25,000 in population. The rate was 1.24 police officers killed per
5,000,000 inhabitants, a considerably better record than that of 2 and
3 years previous when the figure was 3.91. The increasing number of
police training schools throughout the nation including instruction in
the use of firearms, technique of arrests, and related subjects is possi-
bly a factor contributing to this favorable trend.
Generally the larger cities have more employees per unit of popula-
tion than the smaller communities. Reports received from cities in
(65)
G6
the New England, Middle Atlantic, and South Atlantic States generally
showed a larger number of police employees than those in other
sections of the country.
Figures arc included in this issue of the bulletin showing the aver-
age number of police employees per 1,000 inhabitants in cities grouped
by size and location. The data are also presented for individual
communities.
Persons Arrested, 1941.
The examination of 313,204 fingerprint arrest records during the
first half of 1941 revealed that persons under 25 years of age repre-
sented 54.6 percent of those charged with robbery, 62.8 percent of
those charged with burglary, 48.9 percent of those charged with lar-
ceny, and 74.6 percent of those charged with auto thefts.
Nine and one-tenth percent of the arrested persons were women,
which is an increase over the first half of 1940 when the percentage of
women arrested was 8.2. The number of women arrested and finger-
printed during the first half of 1941 was 28,450 as compared with
24,362 in the first 6 months of 1940. This is an increase of 4,088 or
16.8 percent. For criminal homicide the figure increased from 309
in 1940 to 362 in 1941, an increase of 17.2 percent. Corresponding
percentage increases in other crime classes were as follows: assault,
22.4; burglary, 20.3; auto theft, 19.4; forgery and counterfeiting, 17.0;
sex offenses other than rape, 15.7; driving while intoxicated, 38.3;
disorderly conduct, 28.3; drunkenness, 35.4; and vagrancy, 27.8. It
should be noted that these figures are limited to persons fingerprinted
and therefore are not necessarily representative of the trends which
would be reflected if data were available concerning the number of
women arrested who were not fingerprinted.
CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES
The term "offenses known to the police" is designed to include those
crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification occur-
ring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known to the
police through reports of police officers, of citizens, of prosecuting or
court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the following group
of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience to be those
most generally and completely reported to the police: Criminal
homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and (b)
manslaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated assault;
burglary — breaking or entering; larceny— theft; and auto theft. The
figures contained herein include also the number of attempted crimes
of the designated classes. In other words, an attempted burglary or
robbery, for example, is reported in (he bulletin in the same manner as
if the crime had been completed. Attempted murders, however, are
reported as aggravated assaults.
G7
"Offenses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including- attempts, which are reported by the police depart-
ments of contributing- cities, and not merely arrests or cleared case--.
Offenses committed by juveniles are included in the same manner as
those1 known to have been committed by adults, regardless of the
prosecutive action. Complaints which upon investigation are learned
to be groundless are not included in the tabulations which follow .
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. The}^ are given out as
current information which may throw some light on problems of
crime and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
In the last section of this bulletin may be found brief definitions
of part I and part II offense classifications.
EXTENT OF REPORTING AREA
In the following table there is shown the number of police depart-
ments from which one or more crime reports were received during the
first half of 1941. The cities represented are classed according to size,
and the population figures employed are from the 1940 decennial
census.
Population group
Total
number
of cities
or towns
Cities filing returns
Total
population
Population repre-
sented in returns
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
1,077
1,007
93. 5
62, 715, 897
61, 358, 575
97.8
1. Cities over 250,000,
37
55
107
213
665
37
55
102
207
606
100.0
100.0
95.3
97.2
91.1
30, 195, 339
7. 792, 650
7,343,917
7, 417, 093
9, 966, 898
30, 195, 339
7, 792, 650
7, 031, 696
7, 187, 698
9,151,192
100.0
2. Cities 100,000 to 250,000
3. Cities 50,000 to 100,000- ._
100.0
95 7
4. Cities 25.000 to 50.(100
5. Cities 10,000 to 25,000
96.9
91 S
Note. — The above table does not include 1,866 cities, villages, and rural townships aggregating a total
population of 9, 440, 124. The cities and villages included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 populatioa
filing returns, whereas the rural townships are of varying population groups.
The growth of the uniform crime reporting area is indicated in ttie
following tabulation. These figures were compiled for the first 6
months of 1932-41.
Year
Number
of cities
Population
Year
Number
of citirs
Population
1932
1933
1. 536
1,606
1,645
1,949
2,189
52, 692, 749
54, 208, 740
62, 319, 945
63, 270, 583
64, 648, 798
1937..
1938.
1939
2, 278
2.512
2,615
2,644
2, *::(
05,241,398
66,659 040
1934
67 293 028
1935
1940
67 894 245
1936. .
1941
70, 798, 699
68
The additional 229 cities shown in the foregoing comparison for the
first half of 1941 as compared with the corresponding period of 1940
account in part for the increase of 2,904,454 in the total population.
However, a large portion of the increase in population results from the
use of 1940 population figures in presenting the combined population
of the 2,873 cities. The total population of the cities represented for
the years prior to 1941 is based on the 1930 decennial census, with the
exception that the 1933 estimates of the Bureau of the Census were
used for cities over 10,000 in population.
A total of 4,700 law-enforcement agencies contributed one or more
crime reports during the first half of 1941. This includes 2,873 city
and village law-enforcement agencies, 1,805 sheriffs, 9 State police
units, and 13 agencies in Territories and possessions of the United
States.
MONTHLY REPORTS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population.
During the first half of 1941 a total of 425,253 offenses were shown
on the monthly reports received from 2,034 cities over 2,500 in popu-
lation. The majority (59.2 percent) of the offenses were larcenies;
21.6 percent were burglaries; 11.8 percent were auto thefts; 3.2
percent were robberies; and the remaining 4.2 percent were offenses
of criminal homicide, rape, and aggravated assault.
Offenses against property (robbery, burglary, larceny, and auto
theft) occurred more frequently per unit of population in cities with
100,000 or more inhabitants than in the smaller communities. Murder
and aggravated assault rates were highest in cities with population
from 50,000 to 100,000.
The combined population of the cities whose reports were used in
the tabulations is 64,095,186. The number of offenses reported and
the rate per 100,000 inhabitants are shown in table 38 with the cities
grouped according to size in order that comparisons may be made
between the figures of a local community and national averages for
cities of the same population group. Similar data for cities grouped
not only by size but also by location may be found in table 41.
(69)
70
Table 38.— Offenses known to the police, January to June, inclusive, 1941; number
a?id rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
36 cities over 250,000; total popula-
lion, 29,894,166:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000 . .
55 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,792,650:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP III
92 cities, 50,000 to 100,00(1; total
population, 6,430,879:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
176 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 6,135,696:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V
504 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total pop-
ulation, 7,663,764:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
1,171 cities under 10,000; total popu-
lation, 6,178,031:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000..
Total 2,034 cities; total population,
64,095,186:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Criminal
homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
841
2.81
257
3.30
Ml
2.35
1 22
1.59
111
1.80
1,698
2.65
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
693
2.32
187
2.40
Its
.'. 30
76
1.23
1, 269
1.98
Rape
1, 685
5.64
148
2.41
249
3.25
245
3.97
4.49
Rob-
bery
10. Otis
33.7
1,211
18.8
883
14.4
803
10.5
585
9.5
15, 335
23.9
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
7,221
24.2
2, 133
27.4
2,072
32.2
1, 098
17.9
1 , 283
16. 7
738
11.9
14, 545
22. 7
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
38, 4113
187.6
15,449
198. 3
10,902
169.5
8, 928
145.5
9,174
119.7
5. 982
96.8
Lar-
renv—
theft
Auto
theft
i 101,071
492.8
39, 375
505. 3
311,918
480.8
28, 296
161.2
27. 532
359. 2
16,676
269.9
' 243. 868
445.8
30,341
101.5
8,099
103.9
5, 589
86. 'J
5, 105
83. 2
4,683
61. 1
2. 943
17 6
56. 760
88.6
1 The number of offenses and rate for burglary and larceny-theft are based on reports as follows: Group I,
34 cities, total population, 20,507,837; groups I-VI, 2,032 cities, total population, 54,708,857.
Annual Trends, Offenses Known to the Police, 1940-41.
During the first half of 1941, crimes against the person have in-
creased, whereas offenses against property have decreased with the
exception of auto theft. This is shown by the figures in table 39,
which is based on reports from 353 cities, each with population in
excess of 25,000.
Murder increased 7.6 percent; negligent manslaughter, 1.3 percent;
rape, 3.6 percent; other felonious assault, 2.6 percent; and auto theft,
3.0 percent. Decreases were shown as follows: Robbery, 9.0 per-
cent; burglary, 5.8 percent; and larceny, 1.2 percent.
71
With few exceptions, the comparative tabulation reveals a more
favorable situation in the second quarter of 1941 than in the first
quarterly period. Generally, for those offense classes showing in-
creases, they are less pronounced in the second 3-month period of
this year; and for the crimes showing decreases, the downward trend
is more emphatic. The exceptions to this general statement are
negligent manslaughter, rape, and aggravated assault. Negligent
manslaughter decreased in the first quarter, but showed an increase
in the second 3-month period; aggravated assault showed a larger
increase in the second quarter of the year than in the first; and rape
showed substantially the same rate of increase in both quarters.
Table 39 includes comparative figures for the 353 cities divided into
4 groups by size, and considerable variation appears in the trends
reflected by the data for the several groups. In murder, for example,
3 groups showed increases in 1941 as compared with 1940, whereas
the group composed of cities with population in excess of 250,000
experienced a decrease. For only 2 types of crimes did all 4 groups
of cities report similar trends; in burglaries all experienced decreases,
while in auto thefts all groups showed increases. For the remaining
offense classes, some groups reported increases while others showed
decreases.
4 or, 4 50°— 41
72
Table 39.- — Annual trends, offenses known to the police, cities over 25,000 in popula-
tion, January to June, inclusive, 1940—41
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
36 cities over 250,000; total popula
tion, 29,894,166:
January to March 1940_
January to March 1941 _ .
April to June 1940
April to June 1941
January to June 1940
January to June 1941
55 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,792,650:
January to March 1940
January to March 1941
April to June 1940
April to June 1941
January to June 1940 .
January to June 1941
group in
91 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 6,373,839:
January to March 1940
January to March 1941 _
April to June 1940
April to June 1941
January to June 1940
January to June 1941
GROUP IV
171 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 5,980,097:
January to March 1940
January to March 1941
April to June 1940
April to June 1941
January to June 1940
January to June 1941
GROUPS i-iv
353 cities; total population, 50,040,<
752:
January to March 1940. .
January to March 1941
April to June 1940
April to June 1941
January to June 1940__
January to June 1941
Criminal
homicide
Aggra-
Bur-
glary—
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
vated
as-
sault
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
379
1268
809
6,030
3,191
2 20, 998
2 48, 848
401
'261
826
5,650
3,158
2 20, 554
2 50, 581
478
i 216
836
5,107
3,939
2 19, 628
2 52, 140
440
1255
859
4,418
4,063
2 17, 909
2 50, 490
857
1484
1.645
11,137
7,130
2 40, 626
2 100, 988
841
i 516
1,685
10, 068
7,221
2 38, 463
-'101,071
111
106
123
1,183
887
8,134
19, 993
130
104
121
1,013
986
8,152
19, 547
118
84
140
927
1,016
7,987
20, 380
127
83
165
772
1, 147
7,297
19, 828
229
190
263
2,110
1,903
16, 121
40, 373
257
187
286
1,785
2, 133
15, 449
39, 375
71
64
91
617
903
5,975
15.033
113
82
131
671
935
5,637
15, 270
79
67
128
548
1, 147
5,813
16, 161
107
66
136
533
1,129
5,200
15, 539
150
131
219
1,165
2.050
11, 788
31, 194
220
148
267
1,204
2,064
10, 837
30, 809
52
60
89
487
494
4, 535
12, 997
55
36
72
469
478
4,491
13, 132
62
51
86
396
593
4,973
15, 755
80
41
76
387
596
4, 208
14, 600
114
111
175
883
1,087
9,508
28, 752
135
77
148
856
1,074
8,789
27, 732
613
■498
1,112
8,317
5,475
2 39, 642
2 96, 871
699
1483
1,150
7,803
5,557
2 38, 834
2 98, 530
737
1418
1,190
6,978
6,695
2 38, 401
2 104, 436
754
1445
1,236
6,110
6,935
2 34, 704
2 100, 457
1,350
1,453
i 916
1928
2,302
2,386
15,295
13,913
12, 170
12, 492
2 78, 043
2 73, 538
2 201,307
2 198, 987
i The number of offenses of manslaughter is based on reports as follows: Group I, 35 cities, total popula-
tion, 22,439,171; groups I-IV, 352 cities, total population, 42,585,757.
2 The number of offenses of burglary and larceny-theft is based on reports as follows: Group I, 34 cities,
total population, 20,507,837; groups I-IV, 351 cities, total population, 40,654,423.
73
74
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location.
Crime is a social disease, and its occurrence is affected by several
factors which vary in force and extent among the different sections of
the country. Thus, the extent of crime itself varies greatly among
the several States and larger geographic divisions. The textual
matter immediately preceding table 42 indicates some of the factors
affecting the extent of crime in individual communities.
In order that regional crime averages might be available to individ-
uals interested in making comparisons, the data presented in table 38
concerning the number of offenses of murder, robbery, aggravated
assault, burglary, larceny, and auto theft per 100,000 inhabitants
were further subdivided according to the 9 geographic divisions.
This information is presented in table 41. The figures in table 40
indicate the number of cities represented in each population group
within the various geographic divisions.
Table 40. — Number of cities included in the tabulation of uniform crime reports,
January to June, inclusive, 1941
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Division
Population
Group
I
Over
250,000
Group
II
100,000
to
250,000
Group
III
50,000
to
100,000
Group
IV
25,000
to
50,000
Group
V
10,000
to
25,000
Group
VI
Less
than
10,000
Total
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England: 172 cities; total population,
5,450,670
Middle Atlantic: 491 cities; total population,
18,696,776
East North Central: 503 cities; total popula-
tion, 16,048,208
West North Central: 238 cities; total popula-
tion, 5,195,832
South Atlantic: i 171 cities; total population,
5,500,577
East South Central: 73 cities; total popula-
tion, 2,301,881
West South Central: 119 cities; total popula-
tion, 3,651,650
Mountain: 89 cities; total population,
1,384,512 .. ... ..
Pacific: 178 cities; total population, 5,865,0S0..
Total: 2,034 cities; total population,
64,095,186
64
124
108
58
42
19
31
18
40
61
301
301
153
86
36
64
61
108
1.171
172
491
503
238
171
73
119
89
178
2.034
1 Includes report of the District of Columbia.
I .)
70
In order that the information may be readily available, there are
listed below the States included in the nine geographic divisions.
States Divided by Geographic Division
New England:
Connecticut.
Maine.
Massachusetts.
New Hampshire.
Rhode Island.
Vermont.
Middle Atlantic:
New Jersey.
New York.
Pennsylvania.
East North Central:
Illinois.
Indiana.
Michigan.
Ohio.
Wisconsin.
West North Central:
Iowa.
Kansas.
Minnesota.
Missouri.
Nebraska.
North Dakota.
South Dakota.
South Atlantic: '
Delaware.
Florida.
Georgia.
Maryland.
North Carolina.
South Carolina.
Virginia.
West Virginia.
East South Central:
Alabama.
Kentucky.
Mississippi.
Tennessee.
West South Central:
Arkansas.
Louisiana.
Oklahoma.
Texas.
Mountain:
Arizona.
Colorado.
Idaho.
Montana.
N evada.
New Mexico.
Utah.
Wyoming.
Pacific :
California.
Oregon.
Washington.
> Includes the District of Columbia.
Table 41. — Number of offenses known to the police -per 100,000 inhabitants, Janu-
ary to June, inclusive, 1941, by geographic divisions and population groups
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
Geographic division and population
group
New England:
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI...
Total, groups I-VI...
Middle Atlantic:
< iroup I
GroupII
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I-VT.
Sec footnotes at end of table
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
0.98
.44
.65
.66
.59
1.31
.70
1.98
.76
1. 10
.47
.76
.38
1.48
Robbery
12.8
7. 1
5.8
4.0
2.4
2.9
6.3
13.5
8.5
11.9
8.3
7. 7
5.1
11.4
Aggra-
vated
assault
8. 1
5.5
4.4
1.3
3. 1
3.7
18.7
14.6
16. 1
11.6
10.1
6.3
15.8
Burglary-
breaking
or entering
71.2
189.5
143. 6
116.4
90.0
83.3
122.8
i 159. 5
115.0
132. 4
102. 3
88.6
64.2
Lar-
ceny-
theft
165. 8
349. 1
298. 5
2S4. s
189.0
160.6
253. 9
' 223. 6
226. 6
253.5
230. 1
194.7
152. 1
2 210. 8
Auto
theft
162.8
104.5
71.2
56. 6
32.1
24.6
83.
79.7
78.9
67.1
53. 4
48.4
34.5
70.2
77
Table 41. — Number of offenses known to the police per 100,000 inhabitants, Janu-
ary to June, inclusive, 1941, by geographic divisions and population groups —
Continued
Geographic division and population
group
East North Central:
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I-VL
West North Central:
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV ...
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I-VL
South Atlantic:'
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI_
East South Central:
Group I .-
Group II _
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I- VI.
West South Central:
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I- VI.
Mountain:
Group I .
Group 1 1
Group Ill-
Group IV.
Group V .
Group VI
Total, groups I- VI.
Pacific:
Group I
Group II .
Group III.
Group IV
Group V
Group VI.
Total, groups I- VI
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
2.75
2.43
2.16
1.08
.49
1.06
2.07
2.71
1.94
1.09
1.22
.47
.93
1.71
6.30
9.46
9. 13
10.29
7.88
2.82
7.74
7.05
15. 23
7.83
7.00
5.61
14.06
8.95
7.07
4.39
6.70
4.40
3.61
6.85
5.92
.62
4.25
1.92
1.52
2.80
.73
1.73
1.42
2. II
2.06
.53
.98
1.55
Robbery
56. 3
23.6
20. 1
14. 7
13.2
35.8
23.6
19.4
8.7
6.1
8.1
5.9
15.2
40.6
49.0
31. 2
26.6
15.4
18.3
34.3
58.9
28.7
31.0
22.5
14.7
16.3
37.1
24.0
42.3
26.6
27.8
16.2
14.0
25.4
39.4
14.7
48.5
10.5
12.5
17.1
22.8
55.9
31.6
15.0
24.5
17.2
16.0
39.
Aggra-
vated
assault
21.0
20.9
20.6
7.4
7.5
4.4
16.3
14.5
11.8
3.6
.9
7.4
4.9
9.6
43. 1
69. 7
95.6
84.5
97.2
55.6
113.0
104. 6
66.9
55. 7
29.5
41.1
83.2
43.8
44.3
52.3
36.9
30.8
22.0
40.7
9.0
9.3
18.7
6.2
3.8
17.7
10.5
20.1
11.6
5.8
6.4
4.7
12.1
14.7
Burglary-
breaking
or entering
157. 3
170.0
160.0
131.3
116.6
87.8
144. 6
154.5
142.8
142. 3
120. 1
116.2
75.5
131.7
193.
300.
164
143
208.4
300.7
244.4
252.0
210. 1
141.0
82.7
237. 5
230.7
256. 2
222. 1
168.0
178. 1
103. 3
200.7
236.8
211.8
171.9
153. 1
146.7
179. 6
285.3
277.7
194. 9
229.8
171.0
180.2
251.9
Lar-
cenj
theft
434.9
512. 8
456.4
410.8
337. 6
21 N u
His s
421.2
409.8
522.2
439. 1
462.9
220. 1
409. 3
539.1
770.3
632. 3
676.5
439.0
334.5
586. 3
552.4
567. 4
483. 4
555. 5
360. 5
180.6
494.5
711.9
832.6
722.6
682. 1
500.5
307.4
661.9
659. 7
815.7
831.8
1, 000. 7
856.6
519. S
748.6
805.0
734.2
779.9
813. 0
701. 3
688. 2
773. 3
1 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 4 cities.
2 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 489 cities.
3 Includes the District of Columbia.
79
Offenses in Individual Cities with More than 100,000 Inliabitants.
The number of offenses reported as having been committed during
the period of April-June 1941 is shown in table 42. The compilation
includes the reports received from police departments in cities with
more than 100,000 inhabitants. Such data are included here in order
that interested individuals and organizations may have readily avail-
able up-to-date information concerning the amount of crime com-
mitted in their communities. Police administrators and other in-
terested individuals will probably find it desirable to compare the
crime rates of their cities with the average rates shown in tables 38
and 41 of this publication. Similarly, they will doubtless desire to
make comparisons with the figures for their communities for prior
periods, in order to determine whether there has been an increase or a
decrease in the amount of crime committed.
A great deal of caution should be exercised in comparing crime data
for individual cities, because differences in the figures may be due to a
variety of factors. The amount of crime committed in a community
is not solely chargeable to the police but is rather a charge against the
entire community. The following is a list of some of the factors which
might affect the amount of crime in a community:
Population of the city and metropolitan area adjacent thereto.
The composition of the population with reference particularly
to age, sex, and race.
The economic status and activities of the population.
Climate .
Educational, recreational, and religious facilities.
The number of police employees per unit of population.
The standards governing appointments to the police force.
The policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts.
The attitude of the public toward law-enforcement problems.
The degree of efficiency of the local law-enforcement agency.
Comparisons between the crime rates of individual cities should not
be made without giving consideration to the above-mentioned factors.
It is more important to determine whether the figures for a given com-
munity show increases or decreases in the amount of crime committed
than to ascertain whether the figures are above or below those of some
other community.
In examining a compilation of crime figures for individual communi-
ties it should be borne in mind that in view of the fact that the data
are compiled by different record departments operating under separate
and distinct administrative systems, it is entirely possible that there
may be variations in the practices employed in classifying complaints
of offenses. On the other hand, the crime-reporting handbook has
been distributed to all contributors of crime reports, and the figures
406456°— 41 3
so
received are included in this bulletin only if they apparently have
been compiled in accordance with the provisions of the handbook,
and the individual department has so indicated.
Table 42. — Number of offenses known to the police, April to June, inclusive, 19/tl,
cities over 100,000 in population
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
City
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
* slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
Under
$50
Akron, Ohio
Albany, N. Y
Atlanta, Ga
Baltimore, Md
Birmingham, Ala.
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, Conn.
Buffalo, N. Y
Cambridge, Mass.
Camden, N.J
Canton, Ohio
Charlotte, N. C
Chattanooga, Tenn.
Chicago, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio.
Columbus, Ohio.
Dallas, Tex
Dayton, Ohio
Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa.
Detroit, Mich
Duluth, Minn
Elizabeth, N.J...
Erie, Pa
Fall River, Mass.
Flint, Mich
Fort Wayne, Ind.
Fort Worth, Tex.
Gary, Ind
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Hartford, Conn
Honolulu, T.H
Houston, Tex
Indianapolis, Ind
Jacksonville, Fla. . .
Jersey City, N.J...
Kansas City, Kans
Kansas City, Mo..
Knoxville, Tenn. . .
Long Beach, Calif.
Los Anceles, Calif.
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Memphis, Tenn.
Miami, Fla
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn.
Nashville, Tenn
Newark, N. J
New Bedford, Mass.
New Haven, Conn _
New Orleans, La
New York, N.Y.i..
Norfolk, Va
22
1
62
103
28
56
3
16
4
21
18
14
26
995
105
84
49
35
29
56
4
463
1
3
3
8
12
4
19
37
3
4
8
56
114
31
54
6
13
521
134
2
6
34
331
19
27
2
97
290
201
39
1
35
2
17
75
47
383
74
36
35
98
20
15
170
38
518
529
264
212
94
100
68
35
63
136
155
2,370
449
313
376
424
176
358
101
1,520
64
66
57
208
151
113
300
103
115
201
247
878
505
62
13
136
223
63
49
15
25
40
39
18
890
186
46
19
70
34
341
26
21
14
14
36
30
17
46
16
50
66
61
22
65 309 94
Complete data not received
33
69
63
44
1,009
180
11
52
140
82
125
22
51
130
6
137
10
151
94
89
4
303
174
2,082
144
616
1
56
241
294
55
302
15
165
11
371
73
219
103
390
3
136
1
158
120
154
684
2,210
37
216 1
(2)
460
113
983
1,379
346
522
337
399
158
88
277
315
283
2.909
1,190
2,419
699
1,779
611
993
374
6, 888
274
166
169
121
416
433
719
255
644
442
528
1,573
583
736
282
7(14
202
344
6,205
980
98
660
321
1,010
853
433
688
258
306
388
4,125
600
See footnotes at <'iid of table.
81
Table 42. — Number of offenses known to the police, April to June, inclusive, 1941,
cities over 100,000 in population — Continued
City
Oakland, Calif
Oklahoma City, Okla
Omaha, Nebr
Paterson, N. J ..
Peoria, 111
Philadelphia, Pa.
Pittsburgh, Pa. _
Portland, Ore?...
Providence, R. i_
Reading, Pa
Richmond, Va
Rochester, N. Y.-
Sacramento, Calif.
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn...
Salt Lake City, Utah.
San Antonio, Tex
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif. ..
Scranton, Pa
Seattle, Wash
Somerville, Mass.
South Bend, Ind_.
Spokane, Wash. ..
Springfield, Mass.
Syracuse, N. Y.
Tacoma, Wash.
Tampa, Fla
Toledo, Ohio...
Trenton, N. J..
Tulsa, Okla
Utica, N. Y
Washington, D. C.
Wichita, Kans
Wilmington, Del...
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Worcester, Miss...
Yonkers, N. Y
Youngstown, Ohio.
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
41
28
45
75
4
16
9
43
10
11
166
214
131
102
69
25
4
6
3
8
35
98
4
9
15
10
124
119
16
12
7
4
37
88
42
12
122
80
6
7
.54
8
2
11
8
13
2
4
6
9
3
7
18
29
33
8
27
35
38
1
162
85
3
14
8
7
10
4
1
14
30
35
345
177
117
103
76
707
783
391
142
85
195
98
155
790
215
148
182
261
557
46
91
132
106
58
80
90
240
169
202
25
562
64
95
209
43
144
50
16
15
11
15
242
1 17
164
43
90
95
117
17
240
10
24
19
9
16
$50 and Under
over $50
Auto
theft
938
606
187
60
192
708
516
1,057
131
168
585
449
472
1, 739
5S2
628
592
660
1,403
107
1,011
81
344
455
216
192
364
300
703
197
559
143
2,001
272
289
247
152
332
163
M
59
720
557
176
115
38
115
63
94
243
57
75
67
245
583
36
345
29
90
60
112
116
(il
31
110
59
46
18
751
43
49
88
30
78
1 Figures include offenses committed by juveniles; this is in accord with the uniform reporting procedure
followed by other cities.
- Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
82
Offenses Known to Sheriffs, State Police, and Other Rural Officers, 1941.
In compiling and publishing national police statistics, a distinction
is made by the Federal Bureau of Investigation between crimes
occurring in urban communities and those committed in the rural
sections of the country. The data presented in the preceding tables
are based on reports from a large majority of the agencies policing
the urban areas (places with 2,500 or more inhabitants). Compre-
hensive data regarding rural crimes are not yet available, but the
information on hand is shown in table 43, which is based on reports
received from 1,130 sheriffs, 7 State police organizations, and 91
village officers.
Table 43. — Offenses known, January to June, inclusive, 1941, as reported by 1,130
sheriffs, 7 State police organizations, and 91 village officers
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
break -
ing or
entering
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Murder,
norneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
thefl
673
564
1,132
1,656
3,344
13,435
22, 915
t, 796
Offenses Known in Territories and Possessions of the United States.
The available data concerning crimes committed in the Territories
and possessions of the United States are presented in table 44. The
tabulation is based on reports received from the first, second, and
third judicial divisions of Alaska; Honolulu City and the counties of
Honolulu, Kauai, and Maui in the Territory of Hawaii; and the
Isthmus of Panama, C. Z. The tabulation is based on the number of
offenses known to law enforcement officials of both urban and rural
areas, with the exception that the data for Honolulu City have been
segregated from the figures for Honolulu County.
S3
Table 44. Number of offenses known in I rniled States Territories and possessions,
January to June, inclusive, 194 1
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or en-
tering
Larceny— theft
V.uto
theft
Jurisdiction reporting
Ovei
$50
Under
$50
Alaska:
First judicial division (Juneau \
population, 25,241; number of of-
8
1
1
19
2
G
4
13
558
82
18
01
34
9
2
I 17
10
2
24
15
Second judicial division (Nome),
population, 11,877; number of of-
3
11
2
Third judicial division (Valdez),
population, 19,312; number of of-
1,090
102
11
88
375
0
llawaii:
Honolulu City, population, 179.358;
lf,8
Honolulu County, population, 78,898;
number of offenses known
Kauai County, population, 35,818;
38
Maui County, population, 55.534;
4
Isthmus of Panama: Canal Zone, popu-
lation, 51.827", number of offenses
1
3
til
Data From Supplementary Offense Reports.
In 60 of the Nation's larger cities (over 100,000) property valued
at $1,794,533.82 was stolen in 32,411 burglaries during January-June
of this year. More than half (53.6 percent) of the burglaries involved
some type of nonresidence structure such as a warehouse, office build-
ing, or store, and 90.1 percent of them were perpetrated during the
night. On the other hand 62.0 percent of the residence burglaries
were committed after nightfall.
Six thousand seven hundred twenty-four persons in these 60 larger
cities were personally accosted by thieves who used threat or force to
rob them of property valued at $779,732.49. The majority (57.6
percent) of the cases were highway robberies. Oil stations were the
scenes of 9.6 percent of the robberies and 27.1 percent involved some
other type of commercial house.
Thefts, unaccompanied by the elements of robbery or burglary, total-
ing 79,370 were committed in the 60 cities represented in tables 45-47.
The property stolen in these larcenies was valued at $2,348,727.14.
Automobiles parked in public places represent the greatest single
problem, apparently, since the reports showed that 14.0 percent of
the larcenies were thefts of automobile accessories, such as fog lights,
tires, and radios, and 19.6 percent were thefts of clothing, cameras,
and other personal articles from parked cars. Bicycle thefts made up
16.3 percent of the total larcenies.
84
P
o
CO
u
to Pj
2
w
o
Jk
y ^
iv
1 N j
M,
?*
WW
Oca
mO
Ly
KH
wL.
85
86
Table 45.— Number of known offenses with divisions as to the nature of the criminal
act, time and place of commission, and value of property stolen, January to J tine,
inclusive, 1941 ; 60 cities over 100,000 in population
[Total population 19,074,986, based on 1940 decennial census]
Classification
Number
of actual
offenses
Classification
Number
of actual
offenses
Rape:
433
383
Larceny — theft (except auto theft)
(grouped according to value of article
stolen) :
Over $.50
Statutory .
8 378
Total
816
$5 to $50
51, 748
Under $5
19 244
Robbery:
3,876
1,740
647
72
223
5
161
Total
79, 370
Larceny — theft (grouped as to type of
offense):
Pocket-picking-. . _
Purse-snatching
Residence
Bank ...
984
2.618
Shoplifting. . . ._
2,667
Thefts from autos (exclusive of auto
accessories) _ . .
Total
6,724
15,565
Burglary— breaking or entering:
9,321
5,719
15,656
1,715
Bicycles
All other
12,918
33, 476
Committed during night. _
Total
79, 370
Nonresidence (store, office, etc.) :
Committed during night..
Total .
32, 41 1
The police in the 60 cities represented in table 45 reported the theft
of 17,432 automobiles during January-June of 1941. During the
same period 16,541 stolen cars were recovered, representing a 94.9 per-
cent recovery. It may be noted that in an average city 79.0 percent
of the cars stolen were recovered locally while 15.9 percent were
recovered by the authorities in other communities.
Table 46. — Recoveries of stolen automobiles, January to June, inclusive, 1941; 60
cities over 100,000 in population
[Total population 19,074,986, base 1 on 1940 decennial census]
Number of automobiles stolen 17, 432
Number of automobiles recovered _. 16,541
Percentage recovered - 94.9
Property valued at $12,837,015.24 was stolen during the first 6
months of this year in the 60 cities represented in the two preceding
tables. As indicated in table 47 which follows, property recovered
during the same period amounted to 67.7 percent of that stolen.
Table 47 shows the value of property stolen and recovered subdivided
by type of property. Excluding automobiles, recoveries of other
kinds of property amounted to 21.4 percent of that stolen.
87
406456°— 41-
88
Table 47. — Value of property stolen and value of property recovered with divisions
as to type of property involved, January to June, inclusive, 1941; 60 cities over
100,000 in population
[Total population 19,074,986, based on 1940 decennial census]
Type of property
Currency, notes, etc
Jewelry and precious metals
Furs
Clothing __-
Locally stolen automobiles
Miscellaneous
Total
Value of prop-
erty stolen
$1,360,495.68
1, 234, 597. 63
196, 780. 90
564, 789. 95
7. 931, 009. 96
1, 549, 341. 12
12, 837, 015. 24
Value of prop-
erty recovered
$145, 149. 69
243, 204. 25
24, 424. 50
129, 283. 29
7,641,323.79
505, 845. 82
8, 689, 231. 34
Percent
recovered
10.7
19.7
12.4
22.9
96.3
32.6
89
-S1NUI8VHNI OOO'I U3d S33A01dH3 JO a39wriN-
!§»
•S1NWI8VHNI OOO'I H3d S33A01dH3J0 HaanriN
POLICE EMPLOYEE DATA
Police Officers Killed by Criminals, 1940.
Last year 13 police officers were killed by criminals in 410 cities
over 25,000 in population. Since the combined population of these
cities is 52,592,342, the rate for last year was 1.24 police officers killed
per 5,000,000 inhabitants, a considerably better record than that of
2 and 3 years previous. The corresponding figure for both 1937 and
1938 was 3.91 per 5,000,000 inhabitants. For 1939 the rate was
1.79. A factor contributing to this favorable trend may be found in
the well-supervised police training schools which have been increasing
in number throughout the country during the more recent years.
The modern law-enforcement officers training school generally in-
cludes, among other subjects, instruction in the use of firearms,
technique of arrests, and related subjects.
The data for 1940 are shown in table 48, with the cities divided into
four groups according to size. The tabulation also shows the number
of police officers killed and the rate per 5 million inhabitants in each
of the nine geographic divisions. Comparable information for the
calendar year 1939 may be found in table 50, volume XI, number 2
of this bulletin.
(90)
01
Table 48. — Number of policemen killed by criminals, 1940, cities over £5,000 in
population
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
Population group
Total
Groups
1 [V
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Number
Geographic division
37 cities
over 250,-
000; total
popula-
tion,
30,195,339
55 cit ii's,
L00,000to
250,000;
total
popula-
tion,
7,792,650
105 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
total
popula-
tion,
7,187,260
213cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
total
popula-
tion,
7,417,093
410cities;
total
popula-
tion,
52,592,342
per
5,000,000
inhabi-
tants
New England: 61 cities; total population,
4,640,655; number of policemen killed..
Middle Atlantic: 79 cities; total popula-
tion, 16,035,495; number of policemen
killed
3
3
3
3
o. 94
East North Central: 101 cities; total popu-
lation, 13,112,140; number of policemen
killed
1. 14
West North Central: 29 cities; total popu-
lation, 3,661,503; number of policemen
killed
South Atlantic:1 47 cities; total population,
4,616,676; number of policemen killed
East South Central: 20 cities; total popu-
lation, 1,891,962; number of policemen
killed
2
1
1
4
4. 33
West South Central: 28 cities; total popu-
lation, 2,939,716; number of policemen
killed .
1
1
1.70
Mountain: 11 cities; total population,
Pacific: 34 cities; total population, 4,858,-
1
1
2
2. 06
Total:
Number of policemen killed .
Number killed per 5,000,000 inhabi-
8
2
1.28
1.39
1
0.67
13
1.24
i Includes the District of Columbia.
Number of Police Employees, 1940.
Last year in an average city in the United States there was one
police department employee for every 623 inhabitants. Obviously
this does not mean that the lives and property of each 623 inhabitants
are constantly under the protection of a police officii in active duty
status, because less than one-third of the police personnel are on duty
at one time. The net effective patrol strength of police departments
is reduced, not only because most police departments operate on a
modified three-shift basis, but also because at all times there are
absences due to sickness, vacations, and other causes. In addition,
a certain proportion of the personnel is assigned to indoor duties and
others are used on special details which are necessary from time to
time.
Generally, it is found that police departments in the larger cities
have more employees per unit of population than those in the small
communities. For cities over 250,000 in population the 1940 figure
was 2.12 police employees per 1,000 inhabitants. The ratio for cities
92
under 10,000, on the other hand, was less than half of that, being 1.04
per 1,000 inhabitants.
Reports on the number of police employees during 1940 were
received at the FBI from 2,609 cities representing a combined popula-
tion of 70,101,108. The reports showed that police departments
of cities in the Middle Atlantic, New England, and South Atlantic
States have more police employees per unit of population than those
in other sections of the Nation.
Although the police departments in the larger cities generally have
more employees per unit of population, it is noted that the largest
number of police employees per 1,000 inhabitants in the East South
Central States was reported for cities with population from 50,000
to 100,000, followed by cities from 100,000 to 250,000, and those over
250,000, respectively. For the Pacific States, the largest number of
police employees per 1,000 inhabitants is seen in cities over 250,000,
with the next highest figure for cities with population less than 10,000.
Summary data prepared from the reports received are presented
in table 50, which shows, for groups of cities subdivided according to
size and location, the number of police employees and the number
per 1,000 inhabitants for the calendar year 1940. Information con-
cerning the number of police employees per unit of population for
individual States is shown in table 51. The data presented in both
tables are supplemented by the figures shown in table 49 which
indicates the number of cities represented in each group.
In examining the data presented in tables 50 and 51 it will be
noted that in several instances there seems to be only a slight differ-
ence between the average number of police employees listed for
several of the groups of cities. The significance of the difference is
more evident when presented in terms of the number of inhabitants
per police officer. To illustrate, the following tabulation shows these
data for the cities divided according to size and location.
Population group
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV. __
Group V
Group VI...
Groups I-VI
Average
number of
inhabitants
per police
employee
472
690
730
814
955
960
623
Geographic division
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central
South Atlantic
East South Central-
West South Central.
Mountain
Pacific
Average
number of
inhabitants
per police
employee
508
493
679
771
650
874
916
982
669
The population figures used in preparing the data presented in
tables 50 and 51 were taken from the 1940 decennial census.
93
Table 49. — Number of cities in each State included in the tabulation showing the
average number of police-department employees, 1940
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Division and State
Group I,
over
250,000
Group
II,
100.000 to
■J Ml 111)1)
Group
III,
50.000 to
100,000
Group
IV,
25.000 to
50,C00
Group
V,
10,000 to
25.000
Group
VI,
less t han
lii.iiiHi
Total
New England: 206 cities; total
population, 6.217,578
2
8.
4
3
3
4
1
5
10
11
10
5
7
3
3
1
5
13
23
23
8
17
4
9
2
7
36
38
CO
12
20
10
13
17
72
146
123
65
50
24
45
25
46
73
391
381
214
139
71
115
S3
135
206
Middle Atlantic: 616 cities;
total population, 20,345,584. ..
East North Central: 605 cities;
total population, 16.996, 190. . .
"West North Central: 308 cities;
total population, 5.677,974
South Atlantic ;i 236 cities;
total population, 6,058.430
East South Central: 115 cities;
total population, 2,632,139
West South Central: 189 cities;
total population, 4,296,996
Mountain: 119 cities; total pop-
ulation, 1,612,208
Pacific: 215 cities; total popula-
tion, 6,263,709. .
616
605
308
236
115
189
119
215
Total:
Cities
Population
New England:
Connecticut...
37
30,195,339
55
7, 792, 650
100
7,264,719
213
7, 417, 093
596
9. 036, 389
1,602
8.391.918
2,609
70, 101. 108
3
2
1
8
1
1
9
2
16
2
6
1
16
10
12
11
10
9
14
13
6
1
1
2
9
7
43
5
6
2
35
46
65
35
14
25
33
16
8
16
11
15
7
3
5
6
10
36
6
4
11
88
113
190
118
50
71
101
41
53
39
58
25
22
7
10
29
Maine
20
Massachusetts
1
7
111
New Hampshire
14
Rhode Island.
1
18
Vermont
14
Middle Atlantic-
New Jersey
2
3
2
1
1
1
4
1
4
4
3
1
3
2
4
6
6
11
7
4
6
4
2
4
1
2
1
151
New York . .
182
Pennsylvania
283
East North Central-
Illinois
176
Indiana.
82
Michigan...
114
Ohio
160
Wisconsin
73
West North Central:
Iowa
1
2
1
72
Kansas
59
Minnesota..
2
2
73
Missouri..
46
Nebraska
1
31
North Dakota
1
1
11
South Dakota
16
South Atlantic-
District of Columbia .
1
1
Delaware
1
3
4
29
18
9
25
15
21
18
19
21
11
17
22
20
30
43
8
18
14
12
3
8
15
5
96
17
22
5
Florida. _ .
1
4
4
1
2
4
2
5
2
3
5
1
1
1
3
2
7
1
1
1
2
8
8
4
13
4
6
4
5
10
5
6
3
13
23
5
6
4
1
3
2
4
33
5
8
45
Georgia
1
1
32
Maryland.
16
North Carolina
1
4
2
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
"7
1
1
47
South Carolina.
23
Virginia .
2
37
West Vireinia.
30
East South Central:
Alabama
1
1
29
Kentucky
36
Mississippi
23
Tennessee. .
1
3
27
West South Central:
Arkansas
30
Louisiana..
Oklahoma
1
2
1
28
47
Texas .
3
81
Mountain:
Arizona
10
Colorado
1
26
Idaho
21
Montana... _.
18
Nevada
4
New Mexico
1
I
12
Utah
1
19
Wyoming
9
Pacific:
California
3
1
1
3
7
13
1
3
155
Oregon
24
Washington _
2
36
1 Includes the District of Columbia.
94
*
1 r-rrTTTT. : °r
95
Table 50. — Average number of police-department employees, 1940, by geographic
divisions and population groups
[Population figures from 1040 decennial census]
Population
Croup
I
Over
L'.MI.IHK)
Group
II
100,000
to
250,000
Group
III
50.000
to
100,000
i Iroup
IV
25,000
to
50,000
< iroup
V
to,
to
25,000
Group
VI
Less
i han
10,000
Total
New England:
Number of police employees
Average number of employees per 1,000
inhabitants
Middle Atlantic:
Number of police employees
Average number of employees per 1,000
inhabitants
East North Central:
Number of police employees
Average number of employees per 1,000
inhabitants
West North Central:
Number of police employees
Average number of employees per 1,000
inhabi tan ts
South Atlantic: '
Number of police employees
Average number of employees per 1,000
inhabitants
East South Central:
Number of police employees
Average number of employees per 1,000
inhabitants
West South Central:
Number of police employees
Average number of employees per 1,000
inhabitants
Mountain:
Number of police employees
Average number of employees per 1,000
inhabitants
Pacific:
Number of police employees
Average number of employees per 1,000
inhabitants
Total:
Number of police employees
Average number of employees per
l.iii in inhabitants
1 Includes the District of Columbia.
2. 933
2.86
29, 050
2.49
15,443
1.95
3,839
1.92
3, 916
2.15
1,036
1.18
1,874
1.31
412
1.28
5,534
1.78
64. 037
2. 12
2,623
1.93
2, 525
1. 75
1,688
1.14
791
1.10
1.449
1.44
501
1.23
059
1.26
165
1.10
892
1.27
11,293
1.45
1,643
1.71
2,520
1.62
1,970
1.27
583
1.06
1,451
1.32
377
1.34
688
1.05
138
1. 17
581
1.19
9,951
1.37
1,915
1.47
1,892
1.43
2,301
1.07
387
.98
'.inn
1.31
37(5
1.16
429
1.00
240
1.00
1.21
9,112
1.23
1,332
1.20
2,800
1.21
1,693
.91
879
.92
787
1.06
376
1.00
552
.84
327
.89
714
1.09
9, 460
1.115
510
1.09
2. 443
1.21
1,920
814
1.16
346
.95
488
.82
354
.87
979
1.30
8,741
1.04
10,956
1. 76
41,230
2.03
25,015
1.47
7, 366
1.30
9,317
1.54
:;. hi.'
1. 14
1,690
1.09
1,642
1.112
9, 366
1.50
112,594
1.61
.imU.-.G"— 41-
96
Table 51. — Average number of -police-department employees, per 1,000 inhabitants,
1940, by States
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
Division
and State
New England:
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
Middle Atlantic:
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
East North Central:
Illinois^
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio
Wisconsin
West North Central:
Iowa
Kansas
M innesota.
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
South Dakota
South Atlantic:
District of Columbia_
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Maryland _
North Carolina
South Carolina
Virginia..
West Virginia
East South Central:
Alabama
Kentucky
Mississippi
Tennessee
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain:
Arizona
Colorado
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Utah
Wyoming
Pacific:
California
Oregon
Washington
Population
Group
I
Over
250,000
3.10
2.13
3.10
2. 52
2.21
1.95
1. 50
2. 43
1.59
2.08
1.09
2.46
1. 53
2.25
1.01
1.37
1.13
1.72
1.16
1.86
1.56
1.42
Group
II
100,000
to
250,000
2.01
i.89
1.89
1.94
1.28
1.28
1. 17
1.27
1.05
.97
.88
1.35
1.31
1.58
1.40
1.04
1.58
1.23
1.31
1.10
1.36
1.06"
Group
III
50,000
to
100,000
1.92
1.72
1.68
1.39
1.77
2.23
1.92
1. 15
1.21
1.42
1.48
.98
1. 10
1.00
1.09
1.17
1.05
1. 10
1.51
1.36
1.70
.98
1. 11
1.51
1.06
1.21
1.08
1.21
1.39
.90
1.19
Group
IV
25,000
to
50,000
1.40
1.48
1.56
1.21
1.45
1.23
1.62
1.48
1. 11
1.14
1.33
.86
1.22
1.00
.99
1.08
1.29
1.20
1.58
1.33
1.21
1.23
1.69
1.31
.64
1.04
1.30
.99
.83
.63
1.41
.86
.93
1.20
.98
1.19
.90
1.02
1.25
.97
1.09
Group
V
10,000
to
25,000
1.26
.92
1.31
1.13
.69
.79
1.56
1.36
.91
.84
1.00
1.13
.76
1. 06
.81
.89
1.01
.93
.99
.88
.91
1.18
.96
1.13
1. 12
1.28
1.27
.67
.96
1.21
.96
.97
.89
.81
.99
.83
1.69
.77
.70
.80
1.14
.90
l.Co
Group
VI
Less
than
10.000
1.15
1.07
1.08
1.13
.57
1.32
1.70
1.46
.85
.95
.90
1.04
1.07
1.37
1.08
1.30
1.24
1.02
.s9
.92
.76
.81
.92
.77
.82
.88
1.34
. 74
.77
.91
1.44
.90
.95
97
w
© (L5) W
©^ S3
£0
KJ
fe
98
Police Employees in Individual Cities.
Figures for individual cities with more than 25,000 inhabitants are
presented in table 52. The cities are divided into groups according
to size, and for each group the cities are listed alphabetically, first
by State and then by name of city. For each city separate figures
are shown for the number of police officers and the number of civilians
employed in the police department. It is observed that 7 percent
of the police employees in table 52 were classified as civilians.
Although information concerning the number of police employees
is included in the monthly crime reports received from police depart-
ments, this item was made the subject of a separate detailed inquiry
in order to obtain the highest possible degree of accuracy and uni-
formity in the figures published. The report form provided for the
listing of the number of full-time police officers, the number of full-time
civilian employees, the number of part-time police officers, and the
number of part-time civilian employees. Space was also provided in
which to express the part-time employees in terms of full-time em-
ployees.
Some police departments limited their entries concerning part-time
employees to a statement of the total time worked during 1940, and
in such instances this information was converted into terms of full-
time personnel. In these cases it was assumed that a full-time
employee worked 300 days, or 2,400 hours, a year. In the event the
total time worked by the part-time employees was equivalent to at
least 50 percent of that worked by a full-time employee, one full-
time employee was counted. No employees were included in the
tabulation if information was available indicating they were not paid
from police department funds.
Reserve officers, substitute patrolmen, and other personnel used
to replace regular employees absent due to vacations, sickness, or
other causes, were included whenever information could be obtained
making it possible to express the number of such employees in terms
of full-time personnel.
School-crossing guards were included as police employees unless
advice was received that they were not paid from police department
funds.
Table 53 includes figures for individual police departments of cities
ranging from 2,500 to 25,000 in population.
Tables 52 and 53 show not only the total number of employees in
individual cities but also the number per 1,000 inhabitants, based on
population figures from the 1940 decennial census.
In connection with the possibility of making comparisons between
the police personnel figures of individual cities, it should be noted
that there are several variable factors to be considered which are not
99
in any way represented in the tables which follow. Reference is
made to the following facts:
1. In some cities, when regular police officers are absent due to
vacations, days off, sickness, or other causes, their places are taken
by special or reserve officers who are paid only for the time they
actually work. This means that the effective strength of the depart-
ment is not lowered by absences for the reasons mentioned. On the
other hand, in many cities, absences due to vacations, days off, sick-
ness, et cetera, result in a lowering of the effective strength of the
department, due to the fact that no reserve officers are used for re-
placements. As indicated heretofore, however, whenever the infor-
mation was available the number of part-time officers was converted
into terms of full-time personnel and included in the figures published
in tables 52 and 53.
2. Some police departments operate on two shifts, whereas in other
departments the men are distributed among three shifts. Obviously
the practice followed in any individual community would have a
substantial influence upon the effective strength of the department.
3. Differences in automobile equipment, radio-communication fa-
cilities, and the like are significant and should be considered in any
careful comparison of law-enforcement facilities in individual com-
munities.
4. Some cities use special school-crossing guards to make it un-
necessary to detail regular police officers to guide children and regulate
traffic at school crossings during hours when children are going to
or returning from school. In some instances, the reporting depart-
ments had apparently calculated the equivalent number of full-time
employees represented by the school-crossing guards and included
them in the figure representing the total number of employees. In
a limited number of cases, it was not clear whether this had been
done, and this is pointed out as an item to be considered when
comparing figures for individual communities.
5. In some cities, a heavy volume of traffic requires a larger than
average proportion of the force on traffic duty, with a resultant de-
crease in the number of men available to handle criminal cases.
6. Differences in police salaries and standards for appointment to
the force and their influence on the quality and morale of personnel
are significant.
7. Communities vary also as to the number of private police em-
ployed by individuals and organizations.
8. There is a great variance in cities throughout the United States
with reference to the number of inhabitants per square mile.
9. In some of the smaller communities the effective strength of the
police is augmented by the police work handled within the city limits
by employees of county and State law-enforcement agencies.
100
10. Special police problems exist in some communities having a
large number of transients in the city during vacation periods, making
it necessary to increase the number of police employees during certain
months. It should be remembered that the published figures are
intended to represent the average number of employees during the
calendar year, although the number actually on the pay roll may
fluctuate greatly during the different seasons.
Table 52. — Number of police-department employees, 1940; cities over 25,000 in
population (based on 1940 decennial census)
CITIES WITH OVER 250,000 INHABITANTS
City
Birmingham, Ala. . .
Los Angeles, Calif- ..
Oakland, Calif
San Francisco, Calif-
Denver, Colo
Washington, D. C .
Atlanta, Ga
Chicago, 111
Indianapolis, Ind
Louisville, Ky
New Orleans, La —
Baltimore, Md
Boston, Mass
Detroit, Mich
Minneapolis, Minn.
St. Paul, Minn
Kansas City, Mo
St. Louis, Mo
Jersey City, N. J
Num-
ber of
police
offi-
cers
255
2, 354
407
1,269
398
1,422
397
6,318
510
418
830
1,717
2, 205
3,674
475
318
495
1,849
Num-
ber of
civil-
ians
15
418
14
71
14
98
64
311
70
18
19
218
187
279
34
27
190
451
125
Total
num-
ber of
em-
ploy-
ees
270
2,772
421
1,340
412
1,520
461
fi, 629
580
436
849
1,935
2,392
3,953
509
345
685
2. 300
1.014
Num-
ber
per
1,000
in-
hab-
itants
1.01
1.84
1.39
2.11
1.28
2.29
1.53
1.95
1.50
1.37
1.72
2.25
3.10
2.43
1.03
1.20
1.72
2.82
3.37
City
Newark, N. J
Buffalo, N. Y_._.
New York, N. Y.
Rochester, N. Y_
Cincinnati, Ohio-
Cleveland, Ohio-
Columbus, Ohio-
Toledo, Ohio
Portland, Oreg__
Philadelphia, Pa-
Pittsburgh, Pa-._
Providence, R. I.
Memphis, Tenn-
Dallas, Tex
Houston, Tex
San Antonio, Tex
Seattle, Wash
Milwaukee, Wis.
Num-
ber of
police
offi-
cers
1,137
1,128
18, 177
430
703
1,384
324
361
400
4.444
l'012
474
270
268
359
226
473
1,104
Num-
ber of
civil-
ians
118
139
1,110
55
29
208
51
77
215
71
67
60
39
58
75
51
117
Total
num-
ber of
em-
ploy-
ees
1,255
1,267
19, 287
485
732
1, 592
324
412
477
4, 659
1,083
541
330
307
417
301
524
1,221
Num-
ber
per
1,000
in-
hab-
itants
2.92
2.20
2.59
1.49
1.61
1.81
1.06
1.46
1.56
2.41
1.61
2.13
1.13
1.04
1.08
1.19
1.42
2.08
CITIES WITH 100,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS
Long Beach, Calif
Sacramento, Calif
San Diego, Calif
Bridgeport, Conn
Hartford, Conn
New Haven, Conn .__
Wilmington, Del
Jacksonville, Fla
Miami, Fla
Tampa, Fla
Peoria, 111
Fort Wayne, Ind
Gary, Ind
South Bend, Ind
Des Moines, Iowa
Kansas City, Kans
Wichita, Kans._ _
Cambridge, Mass
Fall River, Mass
Lowell, Mass
New Bedford, Mass..
Somerville, Mass
Springfield, Mass
Worcester, Mass
Flint, Mich
Grand Rapids, Mich..
Duluth, Minn
Omaha, Nebr
211
48
259
1.58
125
22
147
1.39
217
23
240
1.18
262
2
264
1.79
•321
22
343
2.0C.
318
26
344
2.14
174
4
178
1.58
219
15
234
1.35
250
52
302
1.75
0)
fl)
98
.90
123
11
134
1.28
121
2
123
1.04
140
19
159
1.42
102
4
106
1.05
140
15
155
.97
88
88
.72
96
23
119
1.04
232
5
237
2. 14
201
16
217
1.88
172
11
183
1.80
205
10
215
1.95
147
1
148
1.45
285
19
304
2.03
342
26
368
1.90
174
21
195
1.29
181
24
205
1.25
132
4
136
1.35
255
38
293
1.31
Camden, N. J
Elizabeth, N.J
Paterson, N.J
Trenton, N.J
Albany, N. Y
Svracuse, N. Y
Utica, N. Y
Yonkers, N. Y
Charlotte, N. C
Akron, Ohio
Canton, Ohio
Dayton, Ohio
Younastown, Ohio...
Oklahoma City, Okla
Tulsa, Okla
Erie, Pa
Reading, Pa
Scranton, Pa
< 'liattanooga, Tenn..
Knoxville, Tenn
Nashville, Tenn
Fort Worth, Tex
Salt Lake City, Utah.
Norfolk, Va
Richmond, Va
Spokane, Wash
Tacoma, Wash..
194
10
204
214
5
219
259
259
225
21
246
335
38
373
290
10
300
153
12
165
278
9
287
103
2
105
251
18
269
120
4
124
187
20
207
142
24
166
245
9
254
141
31
172
130
5
135
150
5
155
:169
13
182
'118
2
120
141
29
170
' 181
30
211
214
19
233
163
2
165
228
16
244
255
33
288
138
4
142
71
33
104
1.74
1.99
1.85
1.97
2.86
1.46
1.64
2.01
1.04
1.10
1.14
.98
.99
1.24
1.21
1.15
1.40
1.30
.94
1.52
1.26
1.31
1.10
1.69
1.49
1.16
.95
gee footnotes at end of table.
101
Table 52. — Number of -police-department employees, 1940; cities over 25,000 in
poptdation (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 50,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS
City
Num-
ber of
police
offi-
cers
X um-
ber of
civil-
ians
Mobile, Ala
Montgomery, Ala
Phoenix, Ariz, .
Little Rock, Ark
Berkeley, Calif
Fresno, Calif
Glendale, Calif
Pasadena, Calif
San Jose, Calif
Santa Monica, Calif.
Stockton, Calif
Pueblo, Colo....
New Britain, Conn. .
Waterbury, Conn
St. Petersburg, Fla
Augusta, Ga
Columbus, Ga
Macon, Ga
Savannah, Ga
Cicero, 111
Decatur, 111
East St. Louis, 111
Evanston, 111
Oak Park, 111
Rockford.Ill
Springfield, 111
East Chicago, Ind
Evansville, Ind.
Hammond, Ind
Terre Haute, Ind
Cedar Rapids, Iowa .
Davenport, Iowa
Sioux C ity , Io wa
Waterloo, Iowa
Topeka, Kans
Covington, Ky
Shreveport, La
Portland, Maine
Brockton, Mass
Holyoke, Mass
Lawrence, Mass
Lynn, Mass
Maiden, Mass
Medford, Mass
Newton, Mass
Quincy, Mass
Dearborn, Mich
Highland Park, Mich
Kalamazoo, Mich
Lansing, Mich
Pontiac, Mich
Saginaw, Mich
Jackson, Miss
St. Joseph, Mo
Springfield, Mo
106
115
90
95
82
85
94
94
53
63
62
47
98
210
62
97
74
74
140
96
51
64
83
69
87
86
79
133
91
78
57
68
81
46
62
65
(')
122
95
95
128
158
91
88
147
126
135
99
69
85
61
87
68
88
58
12
1
(')
5
3
1
1
2
2
5
2
15
0
6
4
8
11
7
13
1
Total
num-
ber of
em-
ploy-
ees
121
115
91
95
106
54
80
63
47
99
224
67
106
77
77
151
98
55
76
98
70
93
103
80
148
97
46
74
66
119
127
129
165
93
90
152
128
150
105
75
89
69
98
75
101
59
Num-
ber
per
1,000
in-
hab-
itants
1.54
1.47
1.39
1.08
.98
1.65
1. 14
1.29
.79
1.50
1.15
.90
1.44
2.26
1.10
1.61
1.45
1.33
1.57
1.51
.93
1.01
1.50
1.06
1.10
1.30
1.40
1.52
1.38
1.24
.97
1.03
1.08
.89
1.09
1.06
1.21
1.72
1 . 57
1.79
1.53
1.68
1.60
1.43
2.18
1.09
2. 30
2.07
1.39
1. 13
1.04
1.18
1.21
1.33
City
Lincoln, Nebr
Manchester, N. H
Atlantic City, N. J.
Bayonne, N.J
East Orange, N. J
Hoboken, N. J
Irvington, N. J
Passaic, N.J ...
Union City, N.J
Binghamton, N. Y
Mount Vernon, N. Y
NewRochelle,N. Y
Niagara Falls, N. Y
Schenectady, N. Y
Trov, N. Y
Asheville, N. C
Durham, N. C
Greensboro, N. C . .
Winston-Salem, N. C.
Cleveland Heights,
Ohio
Hamilton, Ohio
Lakewood, Ohio
Springfield, Ohio
Allentown, Pa
Altoona, Pa
Bethlehem, Pa
Chester, Pa.
Harrisburg, Pa
Johnstown, Pa
Lancaster, Pa
McKeesport, Pa
Upper Darby Town-
ship, Pa
Wilkes-Barre, Pa
York, Pa
Pawtucket, R.I
Charleston, S. C
Columbia, S. C .
Amarillo, Tex
Austin, Tex
Beaumont, Tex
Corpus Christi, Tex. .
El Paso, Tex
Galveston, Tex
Waco, Tex
Arlington, Va
Portsmouth, Va
Roanoke, Va
Charleston, W. Va__.
Huntington, W. Va..
Wheeling, W. Va
Madison, Wis
Racine, Wis
Num-
ber of
piil ice
offi-
cers
Total
Num-
num-
berof
ber of
civil-
em-
ians
ploy-
ees
9
86
3
HIS
17
194
Num-
ber
per
1,000
in-
hab-
itants
105
177
Complete data not
ceived
110
110
164
104
75
11
86
110
11
121
118
2
120
114
1
115
129
3
132
142
3
145
116
11
127
151
13
164
160
3
L63
65
65
84
5
89
75
2
77
109
2
111
53
8
61
52
1
53
58
10
68
54
4
58
94
10
104
69
69
(l)
0)
59
58
58
120
11
137
60
60
59
4
63
71
71
86
10
96
105
2
107
55
55
128
6
134
123
10
139
85
3
88
43
2
45
M
2
83
58
58
48
12
60
85
12
97
0)
(•)
75
55
1
56
37
1
38
44
44
91
1
92
78
3
81
73
5
78
70
1
71
75
5
80
66
2
68 I
CITIES WITH 25,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS
Anniston, Ala
Gadsden, Ala
Tuscaloosa, Ala
Tucson, Ariz
Fort Smith, Ark
Alameda, Calif
Alhambra, Calif
Bakersfield, Calif
Belvedere Township,
Calif.2
Beverly Hills, Calif __
Burbank, Calif
Huntington Park,
Calif
30
30
1.18
32
5
37
1.00
26
1
27
.98
42
2
44
1.20
23
23
.63
37
1
38
1.05
34
4
38
.98
54
2
56
1.91
29
12
41
1.10
55
8
63
2.35
36
12
48
1.40
33
33
1.15
Inglewood, Calif
Riverside, Calif
San Bernardino, Calif
Santa Ana, Calif
Santa Barbara, Calif-
South Gate, Calif
Colorado Springs,
Colo
Bristol, Conn
Meriden, Conn
Middletown, Conn. - .
New London, Conn__
Norwalk, Conn
Stamford, Conn..
31
31
37
2
39
43
1
44
45
45
40
5
45
20
20
30
30
28
28
52
52
34
34
55
2
57
51
51
92
3
95
See footnotes at end of table.
102
Table 52. — Number of police-depart >n< ,ni employees, 1940; cities over £6,000 in
population (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 25,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Num-
ber of
police
offi-
cers
Torrington, Conn
West Hartford, Conn.
West Haven, Conn. . .
Miami Beach, Fla
Orlando, Fla
Pensacola, Fla
West Palm Beach, Fla.
Rome, Ga
Boise, Idaho
Alton, 111
Aurora, Bl
BeUeville.Hl
Berwyn, Bl
Bloomington, EI. . . .
Danville, 111
Elgin, Bl
Galesburg, 111
Joliet, 111
May wood, Bl
Moline, Bl
Quincy, Bl
Rock Island, Bl
Waukegan, til
Anderson, Ind
Elkhart, Ind
Kokomo, Bid
Lafayette, Ind
Marion, Bid
Michigan City, Bid.
Mishawaka, Ind
Muncie, Bid
New Albany, Ind.
Richmond, Ind
Burlington, Iowa
Clinton, Iowa
Council Bluffs, Iowa-
Dubuque, Iowa
Mason City, Iowa. .
Ottumwa, Iowa
Hutchinson, Kans
Ashland, Ky
Lexington, Ky
Newport, Ky
Owensboro, Ky
Paducah, Ky
Alexandria, La
Baton Rouge, La.
Monroe, La
Bangor, Maine
Lewiston, Maine
Cumberland, Md .
Hagerstown, Md
Arlington, Mass -
Belmont, Mass.. .
Beverly, Mass
Brookline, Mass. .
Chelsea, Mass
Chicopee, Mass
Everett, Mass
Fitchburg, Mass
Haverhill, Mass
Melrose, Mass
Pittsfield, Mass
Revere, Mass
Salem, Mass _.
Taunton, Mass
Waltham, Mass
Watertown, Mass
Ann Arbor, Mich
Battle Creek, Mich...
Bay City, Mich
Hamtramek, Mich
Jackson, Mich
31
47
28
82
39
47
37
33
31
P)
42
22
30
34
31
37
33
50
19
25
31
33
25
47
39
42
39
29
38
29
53
19
30
20
31
40
23
23
30
25
80
43
36
32
42
36
40
45
56
44
34
50
36
45
122
07
56
81
45
64
34
53
49
75
50
56
52
37
49
67
ss
60
Num-
Total
num-
Num-
ber
ber of
civil-
ber of
em-
1,000
in-
hab-
ians
ploy-
ees
itants
1
32
1.19
2
49
1.45
28
.93
82
2.93
5
44
1.20
5
52
1.39
37
1.10
2
35
1.33
31
1. 19
0)
31
.99
42
.89
22
.77
7
37
.76
3
37
1.13
31
.84
4
41
1.07
33
1.14
3
53
1.25
19
.71
1
26
.75
31
.77
33
.77
25
.73
2
49
1- 18
4
43
1.29
42
1.24
1
40
1.39
29
1.08
38
1.44
29
1.02
53
1.07
19
.75
4
34
.97
(')
25
.97
20
.76
31
.75
40
.91
2
25
.92
23
.73
30
1.00
25
.85
80
1.62
6
49
1.60
36
1.19
4
36
1.07
3
45
1.66
6
42
1.21
40
1.41
45
1.51
56
1.45
5
49
1.24
4
38
1.17
5
55
1.37
2
38
1.41
1
• 46
1.80
4
126
2.53
3
70
1.70
1
57
1.37
81
1.73
5
50
1.20
64
1.37
34
1.34
53
1.07
3
52
1.51
3
7s
1.89
3
53
1.42
4
60
1.50
4
56
1.58
37
1.24
3
52
1.20
11
78
1.63
2
90
1.81
60
1.21
Muskegon, Mich
Port Huron, Mich. _ .
Royal Oak, Mich
Wyandotte, Mich
Rochester, Minn
Meridian, Miss
Joplin, Mo
University City, Mo .
Butte, Mont
Great Falls, Mont. . _
Concord, N. H
Nashua, N. H
Belleville, N.J
Bloomfield, N.J
Clifton, N.J
Garfield, N.J
Hackensack, N.J
Kearny, N. J
Montclair, N. J
New Brunswick, N . J
North Bergen, N. J _.
Orange, N. J
Perth Amboy, N. J...
Plainfield.N.J
Teaneck, N.J
West New York, N.J
West Orange, N. J
Woodbridge, N..T
Albuquerque, N. Mex
Amsterdam, N. Y
Auburn, N. Y
Elmira.N.Y
Jamestown, N. Y
Kingston, N.Y
Newburgh.N. Y
Poughkeepsie, N. Y _ .
Rome,N.Y
Watertown, N. Y
White Plains, N.Y. _
High Point, N.C
Raleigh.N.C .'
Rocky Mount, N. C .
Wilmington, N. C.._
Fargo, N. Dak
East Cleveland, Ohio
Elyria, Ohio
Lima, Ohio
Lorain, Ohio
Mansfield, Ohio
Marion, Ohio
Massillon, Ohio
Middletown, Ohio. . _
Newark, Ohio
Norwood, Ohio
Portsmouth, Ohio
Steubenville, Ohio . . .
Warren, Ohio
Zanesville, Ohio
Enid, Okla
Muskogee, Okla
Salem, Oreg
Aliquippa, Pa._
Easton, Pa
Haverford Township,
Pa
Hazleton, Pa
Lebanon, Pa
Lower Merion Town-
ship, Pa
New Castle, Pa
Norristown, Pa
Sharon, Pa
Washington, Pa
Num-
ber of
police
offi-
cers
50
40
24
37
26
35
35
37
29
31
30
43
39
65
50
32
46
76
70
46
65
60
66
57
39
ss
44
36
36
34
45
78
55
39
49
61
30
38
1(15
41
57
30
46
40
37
27
32
35
28
17
19
33
27
29
37
37
32
24
20
32
25
23
38
36
27
27
96
46
36
23
23
Num
berof
civil-
Total
num-
ber of
em-
ploy-
ees
51
41
24
43
26
35
39
37
29
31
30
43
39
67
51
32
46
78
77
47
67
60
67
62
41
88
44
37
36
34
46
78
56
39
51
64
30
38
105
41
59
31
46
42
48
27
32
36
29
17
19
34
27
32
38
37
32
24
20
32
30
23
38
38
27
27
101
49
36
23
23
See footnotes :if end of tabl<
103
Table 52. — Number of polio -<h /xirlmi nl < tiiplmjc< s, I. ')/,(): cities over !-~>,(h)<) in
population (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 25,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Num-
ber of
police
offi-
cers
Num-
ber of
civil-
ians
Total
num-
ber of
em-
ploy-
ees
Num-
ber
per
1,000
in-
hab-
itant?
City
Num-
ber of
police
offi-
cers
Num-
berof
civil-
ians
Total
num-
ber of
em-
ploy-
ees
Num-
ber
per
1,000
in-
hab-
itants
Wilkinsburg, Pa._
Williarnsport, Pa.. ...
Central Falls, R.I
Cranston, R. I
East Providence, R. I .
Newport, R. I
Warwick, R. I
Woonsocket, R. I._ __
Greenville, S. C
Spartanburg, S. C.
Sioux Falls, S. Dak....
Johnson City, Tenn. _ .
Abilene, Tex.. . . ..
Laredo, Tex
Lubbock, Tex
Port Arthur, Tex
San Angelo, Tex
Tyler, Tex
Wichita Falls, Tex
Ogden, Utah
Burlington, Vt
Alexandria, Va
28
33
35
49
31
(')
45
72
58
52
40
21
31
31
31
25
26
28
49
39
31
4.1
1
1
1
"~~6
2
3
1
2
3
1
5
3
1
29
34
36
49
37
64
17
75
59
54
49
21
31
31
31
25
26
29
54
39
34
45
0.97
.77
1.43
1.04
1.15
2. 10
1.63
1.52
1.70
1.67
1.20
.83
1.16
.79
.97
.54
1.01
1.03
1.20
.89
1.23
1.34
Danville, Va
Lynchburg, Va
Newport News, Va
Petersburg, Va _
Bellingham, Wash
Everett, Wash
Yakima, Wash.. .
Clarksburg, W.Va...
1'arkcrsburg, W. Va__
Appleton, Wis
Eau Claire, Wis
Fond du Lac, Wis. . .
Green Bav, Wis
Kenosha, Wis
La Crosse, Wis ...
Oshkosh, Wis...
Shebovgan, Wis ....
Superior, Wis
Wausau, Wis
Wauwatosa, Wis..
West Allis, Wis
43
52
47
38
30
34
30
(')
17
28
26
27
32
51
66
47
49
45
50
36
39
44
1
8
1
(>)
3
4
2
1
3
1
2
13
53
47
46
31)
35
30
22
17
28
29
27
32
55
68
48
49
45
53
36
40
Hi
1.31
1. 19
1.27
1.50
1.02
1. 16
1. 1(1
.72
. 56
.98
1. 14
.88
1. IS
1.19
1.39
1.12
1.25
1.11
1.51
1.32
1.44
1.26
1 Not separately reported.
2Belvidere Township, Calif., is under the jurisdiction of Los Angeles sheriff's office,
represent employees of the sheriff's office generally assigned to this city.
Figures listed
Table 53. — Number of police-department employees, 1940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census)
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS
City
Florence, Ala
Huntsville, Ala
PhenLx City, Ala
Selma, Ala
El Dorado, Ark
Hot Springs, Ark
Jonesboro, Ark
North Little Rock, Ark
Pine Bluff, Ark
Texarkana, Ark
Albany, Calif
Anaheim, Calif
Bell, Calif
Brawley, Calif
Burlingame, Calif
Compton, Calif. _.
El Centro, Calif
Eureka, Calif
Fullerton, Calif
Lodi, Calif
Maywood, Calif
Merced, Calif
Modesto, Calif
Monrovia, Calif
Monterey, Calif
National City, Calif....
Ontario, Calif
Palo Alto, Calif
Pomona, Calif
Redlands, Calif
Redondo Beach, Calif. .
Redwood City, Calif...
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
0.53
1.53
.72
1.11
.63
1.12
.94
1.23
.56
.76
.96
1.09
.89
1.02
1.07
.99
1.30
1.00
1.05
.81
1.12
1.18
1.34
1.33
1. 19
.97
1.27
1.37
.81
1 . 05
1.76
1.04
City
Richmond, Calif
Salinas, Calif
San Gabriel, Calif...
San Leandro, Calif. . .
San Mateo, Calif
Santa Cruz, Calif
Santa Rosa, Calif
South Pasadena, Calif
Vallejo, Calif
Ventura, Calif
Whittier, Calif
Boulder, Colo
Fort Collins, Colo...
Grand Junction, Colo
Greeley, Colo
Trinidad, Colo
Ansonia, Conn
Danbury , Conn
Derby, Conn
East Hartford, Conn. .
Naugatuck, Conn
Norwich, Conn
Stratford, Conn
Wallingford, Conn
WUlimantic, Conn
Clearwater, Fla
Daytona Beach, Fla..
Fort Lauderdale, Fla
Gainesville, Fla
Lakeland, Fla
St. Augustine, Fla
Sanford, Fla
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
1.48
1.73
1.18
L. 03
I. 19
1.07
1. 19
.84
1. 15
1.21
I. 12
. 62
.82
1. 12
. 75
.76
.57
1.03
1.07
1.34
1.82
1.86
.84
1 . 05
1.90
1.48
1.24
1 . 28
1.09
1. 13
1.24
.78
104
Table 53. — Number of police-department employees, 1940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Sarasota, Fla
Albany, Ga
Brunswick, Qa
Dalton, Ga
Decatur, Ga
East Point, Ga
Griffin, Ga
La Grange, Ga
Waycross, Ga
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
Idaho Falls, Idaho. _ _
Lewiston, Idaho
Nampa, Idaho
Pocatello, Idaho
Twin Falls, Idaho
Blue Island, 111
Brookfield, 111
Cairo, 111
Calumet City, 111
Canton, 111
Centralia, 111
Champaign, 111
Chicago Heights, 111..
Dixon, 111
East Moline, 111
Elmhurst, 111 . .
Elmwood Park, 111. .
Forest Park, 111
Freeport, 111
Granite City, 111
Harrisburg, 111
Harvey, 111
Highland Park, 111
Jacksonville, 111
Kankakee, 111
Kewanee, 111
La Grange, 111
La Salle, 111...
Lincoln, 111
Mattoon, 111
Melrose Park, 111
Mount Vernon, HP . .
Ottawa, 111
Park Eidge, 111
Pekin.Ill
Streator,Ill
Urbana, 111
West Frankfort, 111
Wilmette, 111
Winnetka, 111
Bloomington, Ind
Connersville, Ind
Elwood, Ind
Frankfort, Ind
Goshen, Ind
Huntington, Ind
Jeflersonville, Ind
La Porte, Ind
Logansport, Ind
New Castle, Ind
Peru, Ind
Shelby ville, Ind
Vincennes, Ind
Whiting, Ind
Boone, Iowa
Fort Dodge, Iowa
Fort Madison, Iowa.
Iowa City, Iowa
Marshalltown, Iowa.
Muscatine, Iowa
Newton, Iowa
Oskaloosa, Iowa
Arkansas City, Kans
Atchison, Kans
Chanute, Kans
Coffeyville, Kans
Number
of em-
ployees
22
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
1.08
1.05
1.06
1.05
.no
.97
1.41
.91
.78
.70
. 93
.95
.91
1.27
1.01
.90
.83
.90
.68
.60
.98
.77
1.02
.75
.si
.78
.73
1.08
.80
.57
.44
.67
1.11
.76
.76
.71
1.34
.86
. 55
.63
1.55
.61
.94
.99
.67
.67
.85
.40
1.51
1.37
.96
.85
1.01
.95
.53
1.01
.70
.93
1.19
.96
1.13
.93
.88
2.13
1.05
.96
.64
.76
.57
.98
.76
.73
.86
1.19
.89
1.27
El Dorado, Kans
Emporia, Kans
Fort Scott, Kans
Independence, Kans
Lawrence, Kans
Leavenworth, Kans
Manhattan, Kans
Newton, Kans
Ottawa, Kans
Parsons, Kans
Pittsburg, Kans
Salina, Kans
Bowling Green, Ky
Fort Thomas, Ky
Frankfort, Ky
Henderson, Ky
Hopkinsville, Ky
Bogalusa, La
Lafayette, La
Lake Charles, La
Auburn, Maine
Augusta, Maine
Bath, Maine
Biddeford, Maine
South Portland, Maine
Waterville, Maine
Westbrook, Maine
Annapolis, Md
Cambridge, Md
Frederick, Md
Salisbury, Md
Adams Town, Mass
Amesbury Town, Mass
Andover Town, Mass
AtholTown, Mass
Attleboro, Mass
Braintree Town, Mass. _____
Clinton Town, Mass
Dan vers Town, Mass
Dedham Town, Mass
Easthampton Town, Mass..
Fairhaven Town, Mass
Framingham Town, Mass...
Gardner, Mass
Gloucester, Mass
Greenfield Town, Mass
Leominster, Mass
Lexington Town, Mass
Marblehead Town, Mass
Marlborough, Mass
Methuen Town, Mass
Milford Town, Mass
Milton Town, Mass
Natick Town , Mass
Needham Town, Mass
Newburyport, Mass.. __
North Adams, Mass
Northampton, Mass
North Attle bo rough Town,
Mass
Northbridge Town, Mass. __
Peabody, Mass
Plymouth Town, Mass
Reading Town, Mass
Saugus Town, Mass
Southbridge Town, Mass
Stoneham Town, Mass
Swampscott Town, Mass
Wakefield Town, Mass
Webster Town, Mass
Westfield, Mass
West Springfield Town,
Mass
Winchester Town, Mass
Winthrop Town, Mass
Woburn, Mass ---
Number
of em-
ployees
l\ limner
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
9
0.90
12
.91
9
.85
8
.69
13
.90
21
1.09
9
.77
8
.72
7
.69
11
. 77
11
.63
18
.85
17
1.17
20
1.81
11
.96
14
1.06
13
1.11
10
.68
15
.78
18
.85
18
.91
20
1.03
10
.98
14
.71
14
.89
12
.72
16
1.44
15
1.15
8
.79
20
1.27
16
1.20
12
.95
9
.83
13
1.17
16
1.43
28
1.27
19
1. 16
9
.72
10
.71
20
1.29
13
1.26
8
.73
25
1.0S
21
1.04
44
1.83
16
1.02
26
1.17
17
1.29
25
2.30
19
1.25
28
1.28
12
.78
35
1.87
22
1.59
17
1.37
18
1.29
25
1.13
SO
1.21
21
2.03
14
1.37
45
2.07
14
1.07
20
1.84
17
1.15
15
.89
12
1. 11
21
1.29
35
2. 65
25
1.33
24
1.40
24
1 . 59
21
1.25
19
.96
105
Table 53. — Number of -police-department employees, 1940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 10.0(H) TO 25,000 INHABITANTS— Continual
City
Adrian, Mich
Alpena, Mich . .
Benton Harbor, Mich
Birmingham, Mich
Ecorse, Mich
Escanaba, Mich
Ferndale, Mich
Grosse Pointe Park, Mich
Holland, Mich...
Iron Mountain, Mich
lronwood, Mich
Lincoln Park, Mich
Marquette, Mich
Menominee, Mich
Midland, Mich
Monroe, Mich
Mount Clemens, Mich —
Muskegon Heights, Mich.
Niles, Mich.
Owosso, Mich..
River Rouge, Mich
St. Clair Shores, Mich
SaultSte. Marie, Mich....
Traverse City, Mich
Ypsilanti, Mich
Albert Lea, Minn
Austin, Minn
Brainerd, Minn
Faribault, Minn
Fergus Falls, Minn
Hibbing, Minn
Mankato, Minn
St. Cloud, Minn
South St. Paul, Minn
Virginia, Minn
Winona, Minn
Biloxi, Miss
Clarksdale, Miss
Columbus, Miss
Greenville, Miss
Greenwood, Miss
Gulfport, Miss
Hattiesburg, Miss
Laurel, Miss
Natchez, Miss
Vicksburg, Miss
Cape Girardeau, Mo
Carthage, Mo
Clayton, Mo
Columbia, Mo
Hannibal, Mo
Independence, Mo
Jefferson City, Mo
Kirkwood, Mo
Maplewood, Mo...
Moberlv, Mo
Poplar Bluff, Mo
Richmond Heights, Mo . .
St. Charles, Mo
Sedalia, Mo
Webster Groves, Mo
Anaconda, Mont
Billings, Mont
Helena, Mont..
Missoula, Mont
Beatrice, Nebr
Fremont, Nebr
Grand Island, Nebr
Hastings, Nebr
Norfolk, Nebr
North Platte, Nebr
Scottsbluff, Nebr
Reno, Nev
Dover.N.H
Keene, N. H
Laconia, N. H
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
12
0.84
10
.78
15
.90
18
1.61
24
1.82
13
.88
24
1.07
35
2.77
11
.75
7
.63
17
1.27
15
.98
12
.75
7
.68
8
.77
20
1.08
15
1.04
39
2.43
12
1.06
13
.90
24
1.41
11
LOG
12
.76
10
.69
16
1.32
9
.71
16
.87
7
.58
10
.69
5
.46
29
1.77
16
1.02
22
.91
13
1.10
26
2.12
20
.89
13
.74
15
1.23
12
.88
15
.72
13
.88
15
.99
19
.90
14
.68
20
1.31
32
1.31
16
.82
7
.66
22
1.68
20
1.09
23
1.10
14
.87
15
.62
11
.91
13
1.01
12
.93
7
.63
15
1.17
12
1.11
13
.64
17
.92
8
.73
20
.86
14
.93
14
.76
8
.74
10
.84
22
1.15
15
.99
12
1.14
14
1.13
10
.83
36
1.69
16
1.07
15
1.08
20
1.48
City
Portsmouth, N. II
Rochester, N.H _.
Bergenfield, N.J
Bridgeton.N. J...
Burlington, N. J.-
Carteret, N. J .
Cliffside Park, N. J
Collingswood, N. J...
Cranford, N. J
Dover, N. J.
Englewood, N. J ...
Gloucester City, N. J...
Harrison, N.J
Hawthorne, N. J
Hillside, N. J...
Linden, N.J
Lyndhurst, N. J
Maplewood, N. J
Morristown, N. J
Neptune, N.J
North Plain field, N.J...
Nutley, N. J...
Pennsauken, N. J
Phillipsburg, N.J
Pleasantville, N.J...
Rahway, N. J
Red Bank, N. J .
Ridgefield Park, N. J
Ridgewood, N. J
Roselle, N.J.-
Rutherford, N. J
South Orange, N. J
South River, N.J...
Summit, N. J. . .
Cnion, N. J
Weehaukcn, N. J
Westfield, N. J ...
Clovis, N. Mex
Roswell, N. Mex
Santc Fe, N. Mex
Batavia,N. Y
Beacon, N. Y
Cohoes, N. Y
Corning, N. Y
Cortland, N.Y
Dunkirk, N. Y _
Endicott, N. Y
Floral Park, N. Y
Freeport, N. Y
Fulton, N.Y...
Garden City, N. Y
Geneva, N. Y
Glen Cove, N.Y
Glens Falls, N. Y
Gloversville, N. Y.._
Hempstead, N. Y
Hornell, N. Y....
Hudson, N.Y
Irondequoit, N. Y
Ithaca, N. Y
Johnson City, N. Y
Johnstown, N. Y
Kenmore, N. Y ...
Lackawanna, N. Y
Little Falls, N. Y .
Lockport, N. Y
Lyn brook, N. Y...
Mamaroneck, N. Y
Massena, N. Y
Middletown, N. Y
North Tonawanda, N. Y
Ogdensburg, N. Y
Olean, N.Y
Oneida, N. Y
Oneonta, N. Y
Ossining, N. Y.
Number
of em-
ployees
V umber
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
106
Table 53. — Number of police-department employees, 1940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
(MTIKS WITH Ki.ikki TO '-'.S.iioii INHABITANTS— Continue.!
City
Oswego, N. Y
Peekskill, N. Y
Plattsburg, N. Y
Port Chester, N. Y
Rensselaer, N. Y
Rockville Centre, N. Y...
Saratoga Springs, N. Y...
Scarsdale, N. Y
Tonawanda, N. Y
Watervliet, N. Y...
Concord, N. C
Fayette v ille, N. C___
Gastonia, N. C
Ooldsboro, N. C
Greenville, N. C._
Hickory, N. C
Kinston, N. C
Lexington, N. C_.
Reidsville, N. C
Salisbury, N. C
Shelby, N. C__-
Statesville, N. C
Thomas ville, N. C
Bismarck, N. Dak
Grand Forks, N. Dak....
Minot, N. Dak...
Alliance, Ohio
Ashland, Ohio
Ashtabula, Ohio
Barberton, Ohio
Bellaire, Ohio
Cambridge, Ohio
Campbell, Ohio
Chillicothe, Ohio...
Coshocton, Ohio
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio —
East Liverpool, Ohio
Euclid, Ohio...
Findlay, Ohio
Fostoria, Ohio
Fremont, Ohio
Garfield Heights, Ohio. .
Ironton, Ohio
Lancaster, Ohio
Marietta, Ohio
Martins Ferry, Ohio
Mount Vernon, Ohio ...
New Philadelphia, Ohio
Niles, Ohio
Painesville, Ohio
Parma, Ohio
Piqua, Ohio
Salem, Ohio
Sandusky, Ohio
Shaker Heights, Ohio
Struthers, Ohio
Tiffin, Ohio...
Wooster, Ohio...
Xenia, Ohio
Ada, Okla .
Ardmore, Okla
Bartles ville, Okla.
Chickasha, Okla
Durant, Okla
El Reno, Okla...
Guthrie, Okla
Norman, Okla
Okmulgee, Okla
Ponca City, Okla
Sapulpa, Okla
Shawnee, Okla. .
Stillwater, Okla
\ toria, Oreg
Mend, < Ireg
E ugene, Oreg
Klamath Falls, Oreg . .
Medford, Oreg. .
Number
of em-
ployees
23
25
12
44
15
38
21
28
19
22
16
26
28
15
12
19
18
10
15
19
13
11
10
12
20
14
11
9
19
17
10
7
13
14
8
11
12
23
15
9
10
14
14
15
13
11
7
7
10
10
12
11
6
18
35
10
14
7
10
11
17
15
12
G
10
9
12
11
18
10
2:!
10
12
6
18
Ifi
10
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
1.04
1. 14
.73
1.91
1.39
2.04
1.53
2.16
1.46
1.37
1.03
1.49
1.31
.87
.95
1.41
1.17
.95
1.44
1.00
.93
.96
.91
.77
.72
.89
.71
.72
.47
.94
.70
.70
.54
.51
1.29
.74
.67
.68
.82
.88
.68
.89
.75
.69
.57
.61
.82
.73
.69
.49
.72
1.50
.85
.87
.61
.94
.73
1.01
.92
.85
.60
.99
.90
1.05
.69
1.07
.82
1.04
.99
1. 16
.60
.86
.97
.89
Abington, Pa...
Ambridge, Pa
Arnold, Pa
Beaver Falls, Pa
Bellevue, Pa
Berwick, Pa
Bradford, Pa.. .
Bristol, Pa
Butler, Pa .
Canonsburg, Pa.._
Carbondale, Pa
Carlisle, Pa...
Carnegie, Pa
Chambersburg, Pa
Charleroi, Pa.
Cheltenham, Pa.. .
Clairton, Pa
Coatesville, Pa
Columbia, Pa. ..
Connellsville, Pa...
Darby, Pa
Donora, Pa
Dormont, Pa
Du Bois, Pa ...
Dunmore, Pa
Duquesne, Pa..
Ell wood City, Pa...
Farrell, Pa
Greensbure, Pa
Harrison Township, Pa
Homestead, Pa . ._
Indiana, Pa
Jeannette, Pa
Kingston, Pa
Lansdowne, Pa
Latrohe, Pa.
Lewistown, Pa
Lock Haven, Pa ...
Mahanoy City, Pa...
Meadvil'le, Pa. ._
Monessen, Pa
Mount Carmel, Pa .
Mount Lehanon Township,
Pa
MunhaU,~Pa\\~~"~~
Nanticoke, Pa _
New Kensington, Pa
North Braddock, Pa
Oil City, Pa....
Phoenixville, Pa
Pittston, Pa
Plains Township, Pa. _
Plymouth, Pa
Pottstown, Pa
Pottsville, Pa...
Shamokin, Pa
Shenandoah, Pa
Steelton, Pa
Stowe Township, Pa.
Sunbury, Pa
Tamaqua, Pa...
Uniontown, Pa
Vandergrift, Pa
Wancn, Pa
Wavnesboro, Pa
West Chester, Pa
Bristol, R.I...
Cumberland, R. I
Lincoln, R. I .
North Providence, K. I
Westerly, R. I....
West Warwick, R.I...
Anderson, S. C
Florence, S. C
(Ireeiiwood, S. C
Hock Hill. S. C
Aberdeen, S. Dak
Number
per 1 .000
inhabit-
ants
107
Table o3. — Number of police-department employees, 1940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
City
Number
of Wil-
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
Huron, S. Dak
9
10
11
0.83
.94
.70
Staunton, Va
li!
19
12
Mitchell, S. Dak...
Suffolk, Va
Winchester, Va
Rapid Citv, S. Dak...
99
Watertown, S. Dak...
10
12
.94
.86
Aberdeen, Wash
19
16
1 01
Bristol, Tenn
Bremerton, Wash
1 . 06
( Jleveland, Tenn
10
8
25
17
11
6
.88
.80
1.03
1.18
1. 11
. CO
Hoquiam, Wash
11
8
13
17
18
17
Dyersburg, Tenn
Longview, Wash
Olympia, Wash
Jackson, Tenn
98
Kingsport, Tenn. _
Vancouver, Wash
Walla Walla, Wash._
Wenatchee, Wash
Big Spring, Tex
Boreer, Tex
1. 46
Brownsville, Tex
17
.77
Becklev, W. Va
8
.62
Bi ownwood, Tex
10
.75
Bluefield, W. Va
19
. 92
Bryan, Tex
8
. 68
Fairmont, W. Va
17
71
Cleburne, Tex
5
. 17
Martinsburg, W. Va
10
. 66
Corsicana, Tex, .
13
.85
Morgantown, W. Va
9
. 54
Del Rio, Tex..
7
.52
Moundsville, W. Va
. 19
Denison, Tex . .
13
.83
South Charleston, W. Va
6
. 58
Denton, Tex
10
.89
Ashland, Wis
10
.90
Harlingen, Tex..
7
13
. 53
1.26
Beaver Dam, Wis
Chippewa Falls, Wis
11
11
Highland Park, Tex
1.06
Longview, Tex
8
.58
Cudahv, Wis
12
1. 11
McAllen, Tex
10
.84
Janesville, Wis
22
. 96
Marshall, Tex...
15
.81
Manitowoc, Wis
2 l
1. 19
Palestine, Tex._ _
10
.82
Marshficld, Wis
9
.87
Pampa, Tex. ._
7
.51
Menasha, Wis
14
1.34
Paris, Tex._
14
.75
Neenah, Wis
15
1. 11
Sherman, Tex_. .
12
.70
Shorewood, Wis
IS
.99
10
12
. 90
.78
South Milwaukee, Wis
Stevens Point, Wis
11
16
Temple, Tex
1.01
Texarkana, Tex.
14
18
.82
1.24
Two Rivers, Wis
Watertown, Wis
10
11
University Park, Tex
.97
Logan, Utah
10
.84
Waukesha, Wis
21
1.09
Provo, Utah
11
.61
Wisconsin Rapids, Wis
12
1.05
Barre, Vt
8
.73
Casper, Wyo
16
.89
Rutland, Vt ...
14
.82
Chevenne, Wyo
17
.76
Charlottesville, Va
23
1.19
Laramie, Wyo
9
.85
Fredericksburg, Va ...
11
1.09
Sheridan, Wyo
.60
Martinsville, Va
16
1.59
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS
Andalusia, Ala. ..
Attalla. Ala
Auburn, Ala
Carbon Hill, Ala
Demopolis, Ala...
Fort Payne, Ala..
( luntersville, Ala.
Homewood, Ala._
Jacksonville, Ala.
Tasper, Ala
l.allett, Ala
Leeds, Ala
Opp, Ala
Prichard, Ala
Roanoke, Ala
Scottsboro, Ala
Sheffield, Ala ...
Sylacauga, Ala. . .
Tarrant City, Ala
Bisbee, Ariz
Douglas, Ariz
Flagstaff, Ariz
Glendale, Ariz
Miami, Ariz
Nogales, Ariz
Prescott, Ariz. . .
Winslow, Ariz
Batesville, Ark.
Brinkley, Ark
Camden, Ark
Crossett, Ark
Dermott. Ark .
Fayetteville, Ark.
0.87
1.02
.64
1. 17
.73
.90
1. 14
.81
.67
1. 17
1. 14
.69
1.26
1.48
.911
1.06
1.13
.80
.73
1.211
1.28
1. 18
. 62
1.06
1. 17
1.33
1 53
.76
ss
5fi
.61
.97
.61
Forrest City, Ark.
Helena, Ark
Mc< iehee. Ark
Malvern, Ark .
Marianna, Ark. ._
Monticello, Ark_.
Morrilton, Ark .
Newport, Ark. .
Rogers, Ark
Russellville, Ark^
Searcy, Ark
Stuttgart, Ark
Trumann, Ark. ._
Van Buren, Ark
West Helena, Ark
Wynne, Ark.. .
Antioch, Calif .
Arcadia, Calif. .
Azusa, Calif
Banning, Calif.
Brea, Calif...
Calexico, Calif
Chico, Calif. .
Chino, Calif
Chula Vista, Calif
Claremont, Calif. .
Coalinga, Calif. .
Colton, Calif. .
Corona. Calif
Coronado, < 'alii
Covina, Calif
Culver Citv. Calif
Daly City, Calif...
108
Table 53. — Number of police-department employees, 1940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Delano, Calif
Dinuba, Calif
El Cerrito, Calif
El Monte, Calif
El Segundo, Calif
Emeryville, Calif
Escondido, Calif
Exeter, Calif
Fillmore, Calif
Fort Bragg, Calif
Gardena, Calif
Gilroy, Calif
Grass Valley, Calif.--
II an ford, Calif
Hawthorne, Calif
Hay ward, Calif
Healdsburg, Calif
Hemet, Calif. .
Hermosa Beach, Calif
Hillsborough, Calif. ..
Hollister, Calif ..
Huntington Beach, Calif. .
Laguna Beach, Calif
La Mesa, Calif
La Verne, Calif- ..
Livermore, Calif
Lompoc, Calif
Los Gatos, Calif.
Madera, Calif. _ --
Manhattan Beach, Calif---
Martinez, Calif. ..
Marysville, Calif. .
Mill Valley, Calif.. .
Montebello, Calif. ..
Monterey Park, Calif - -
Mountain View, Calif
Napa, Calif. ..
Needles, Calif. ..
Newport Beach, Calif
North Sacramento, Calif .
Oakdale, Calif .
Oceanside, Calif
Orange, Calif
Oroville, Calif . .
Oxnard, Calif— .
Pacific Grove, Calif
Petaluma, Calif
Piedmont, Calif.
Pittsburg, Calif
Porterville, Calif
Redding, Calif
R lley, Calif.
Roseville, Calif
San A nselmo, Calif.
San Bruno, Calif
San Carlos, Calif. .
San Fernando, Calif
Sanger, Calif. . .
San Luis Obispo, Calif
San Marino, Calif
San Rafael, Calif. .
Santa Clara, Calif
Santa Maria, Calif
Santa Paula, Calif .
Sausalito, Calif
Selma, Calif .--
Sierra Madre, Calif
Signal Hill, Calif..
South San Francisco, Calif
Sunnyvale, Calif. .
Torrance, Calif-
Tracy, Calif ...
Tulare, Calif
Turlock, Calif.
Upland, Calif...
Visalia, Calif. ..
Watsonville, Calif..
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
1.31
1.06
.98
1.90
5.08
5. 10
1. 10
1.03
.92
1.55
1.02
1.38
1.40
1.09
1.33
1.04
1.99
1.54
1.67
2.91
1.55
2.41
2.24
1.27
1.29
2.08
1.18
1.11
.93
1.88
.95
1.96
1.65
1.62
1.29
1.01
1.03
.83
3. 15
.98
1.16
1.29
1.14
1.58
.70
..80
1.24
1.93
1.16
1.12
1.73
1.26
1.20
.86
.92
1.42
1.32
1.24
1. 46
2.20
1.52
1.50
1.06
.78
1.13
1.36
1.31
1.88
1. 14
1.51
1.73
1.45
2.07
1.58
1.46
1.34
City
Woodland, Calif- ..
Yuba <'ity, Calif. ..
Alamosa, Colo
Brighton, Colo
Canon City, Colo
Delta, Colo
Durango, Colo
Englewood, Colo
Fort Morgan, Colo
La Junta, Colo
Lamar, Colo
Leadville, Colo.
Longmont, Colo
Loveland, Colo .
Monte Vista, Colo -
Montrose, Colo
Rocky Ford, Colo
Salida, Colo
Sterling, Colo
Walsenburg, Colo
Danielson, Conn
Groton, Conn. _ --
Putnam, Conn.
Rockville, Conn. .
Southington, Conn
Winsted, Conn
Dover, Del -
Milford, Del
Newark, Del. .
New Castle, Del
Apalachicola, Fla
Arcadia, Fla.
Avon Park, Fla
Bartow, Fla
Bradenton, Fla
Cocoa, Fla.. . . -
Coral Gables, Fla
De Funiak Springs, Fla
Eustis, Fla.
Fernandina, Fla
Fort Pierce, Fla
Hialeah, Fla
Hollywood, Fla
Kissimmee, Fla
Lake Wales, Fla
Leesburg, Fla
Marianna, Fla
New Smyrna Beach, Fla
Ocala, Fla
Palatka, Fla
Palm Beach, Fla
Palmetto, Fla ...
Pompano, Fla
Quincy, Fla. .
River Junction, Fla
Sebring, Fla
Wauchula, Fla
Winter Haven, Fla
Winter Park, Fla.-.
Americus, Ga
Bainbridge, Ga
Cairo, Ga .--
Calhoun, Ga --
Cartersville, Ga. .
Commerce, Ga
Cordele, Ga
Cuthbert, Ga
Douglasville, Ga
1 >ublin, Ga ..
Elberton, Ga
Newnan, Ga . .
Pclham, Ga
Porterdale, Ga
Quitman, Ga.-- -
Rossville, Ga
Statesboro, Ga
Vidalia, Ga
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
109
Table 53. — Number of police-department employees, 1940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Blackfoot, Idaho,
Burley, Idaho .
Caldwell, Idaho
Einmett, Idaho
Jerome, Idaho
Malad City, Idaho..
Moscow, Idaho
Payette, Idaho
Preston, Idaho
Rexburg, Idaho
St. Anthony, Idaho. .
Sandpoint, Idaho
Wallace, Idaho
Weiser, Idaho
Abingdon, 111
Anna, 111.
Arlington Heights, 111
Barrington, 111
Batavia, 111 .
Beardstown, 111
Bellwood, 111
Belvidere, 111
Benton, 111
Bradley, 111. .
Carbondale, 111 ......
Carlinville, 111
Carmi,Ill
Carterville, 111
Charleston, 111
Chester, 111 .
Christopher, 111
Clinton, 111..
Collinsville, 111
Crystal Lake, 111
DeKalb, 111.
Des Plaines, 111
Downers Grove, 111
Du Quoin, 111..
East Alton, 111
East Peoria, 111
Edwardsville, 111
Effingham, 111
Flora, 111
Franklin Park, 111
Oalva, 111
Geneseo, 111-
Geneva, 111
Gillespie, 111
Glencoe, 111
GlenEllyn, 111... ...
Greenville, 111. . . ...
Havana, 111
Herrin, 111...
Highland, 111
Highwood, 111
Hillsboro, 111
Hinsdale, 111
Homewood, 111
Hoopeston, 111
Johnston City, 111. ..
Kenilworth, HI ...
La Grange Park, 111 .
Lake Forest, 111
Lansing, 111
Lawrence ville, 111
Lemont, III
Libertyville, 111
Litchfield, 111
Lockport, 111
Lombard, 111
Lyons, 111
Macomb, 111
Madison, 111
Marseilles, 111
Marshal, 111
Mendota, 111
Monmouth, 111
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inliatiil-
ants
1.36
.75
.69
1.25
.85
.73
.67
.90
.87
1. 10
.69
.78
.55
.62
.49
1.24
.84
.98
1.08
1. 15
.86
.41
1.08
.58
.60
.98
.69
.49
.98
.52
.79
1.02
1.02
.87
1. 16
.73
.67
1.07
1.47
.62
.81
1. 10
1.33
1.42
1.05
1.71
.90
1.76
1.37
2.06
1.50
.53
.79
1.89
.89
1.77
.98
.56
.74
3.07
1.17
2.47
1.57
.64
1. 17
.76
.57
.86
.85
1.01
.80
1.29
.90
2.54
.95
1.10
City
Morris, 111. .
Morrison, 111 .
Mount Carmel, 111
Mount Olive, 111
Murphysboro, 111
Naperville, 111
Nokomis, 111 ..
Normal, 111
North Chicago, 111
Oglesbv, 111
Olney, 111 ....
Pana, 111 .
Paris, 111
Paxton, 111
Peoria Heights, 111
Peru, 111
Phoenix, 111 _
Pincknev ville, 111 .
Pontiac, 111
Princeton, 111
Riverdale, 111..
River Forest, 111
River Grove, 111
Riverside, 111.
Robinson, 111
Rochelle, 111
St. Charles, 111
Salem, 111...
Sandwich, 111
Savanna, 111
Shelby ville. Ill
Silvis, 111.
Skokie, 111
South Beloit, 111
Sparta, 111 . .
Spring Valley, 111...
Staunton, 111
Steger, 111
Summit, 111
Taylor ville, 111
Tuscola, 111
Vandalia, 111
Venice, 111
Villa Park, 111 . .
Virden, 111
Watseka, 111. .
West Chicago, 111
Western Springs, 111
Westmont, 111..
West ville, 111
Wheaton, 111
White Hall, 111
Wood River, 111
Zeigler, 111
Zion.Ill
Alexandria, Ind _
Angola, Ind
Attica, Ind.
Auburn, Ind
Beech Grove, Ind...
Bicknell, Ind
Boon ville, Ind
Clinton, Ind
Columbia City, Ind
Crown Point, Ind.
Decatur, Ind
Dunkirk, Ind
East Gary, Ind .....
Franklin, Ind
Garrett, Ind
Gas City, Ind
Greencaslle, Ind
Green field , Ind
Greensburg, Ind
Hartford City, Ind.
Highland, Ind
Huntingburg, Ind. .
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
110
Table ~>3.- -Xi< ml>< r of police-department employees, 1,940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (basal on I !).',() decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Jasonville, Ind
Jasper, Ind
Kendallville, Ind
Lawrenceburg, Ind
Lebanon, Ind
Linton, Ind
Madison, Ind..
Martinsville, Ind
Mitchell, Ind
Mount Vernon, Ind
Nappanee, Ind...
North Vernon, Ind
Oakland City, Ind. ..
Petersburg, Ind
Plymouth, Ind
Princeton, Ind
Rensselaer, Ind
Rochester, Ind
Rush ville, Ind
Salem, Ind
Seymour, Ind
Sullivan, Ind
Valparaiso, Ind
Wabash, Ind
Warsaw, Ind
Washington, Ind
West Terre Haute, Ind
Winchester, Ind _
Albia, Iowa
Algona, Iowa
Anamosa, Iowa
Atlantic, Iowa
Belle Plaine, Iowa
Bettendorf, Iowa
Carroll, Iowa
Cedar Falls, Iowa
Centerville, Iowa
Chariton, Iowa
Charles City, Iowa
Cherokee, Iowa
("larinda, Iowa
Clarion, Iowa
Clear Lake, Iowa
( 'rt'sco, Iowa
Creston, Iowa
Decorah, Iowa
Dennison, Iowa
Eagle Grove, Iowa
Eldora, Iowa
Kmmetsburg, Iowa
Fairfield, Iowa
Olenwood, Iowa
( irinnell, Iowa
Hampton, Iowa
Humboldt, Iowa
Independence, Iowa
Iowa Falls, Iowa
Jefferson, Iowa
Knoxville, Iowa
Le Mars, Iowa
Maquoketa, Iowa
Marion, Iowa
Missouri Valley, Iowa-
Mount Pleasant, Iowa-
Nevada, Iowa..
Oelwein, Iowa
Onawa, Iowa
Osage, Iowa
i 1 ceola, Iowa
Telia, Iowa
Perry, Iowa
Sheldon, Iowa
Shenandoah, Iowa
Spencer, Iowa
Storm Lake, Iowa
Tama, Iowa
Vinton, iowa
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
0.88
.40
.74
.91
.61
.64
.72
.60
1.47
.53
.99
1.29
.33
.98
.70
.64
.93
.78
.84
1.25
.70
.59
1.14
.83
1.57
.64
.80
.'.14
.58
.si
.49
.52
.94
.32
.74
.64
.71
.52
.58
.80
.82
.67
.80
.57
.87
.94
.92
.75
.56
.89
.59
.44
.77
.50
1.06
.92
.90
.73
1. 15
.75
.74
. 85
. 75
.87
.89
.64
. 58
.<>3
1.52
.55
.(17
1.06
.44
.76
.76
I. 06
1.20
City
Washington, Iowa
Waverly, Iowa
Webster City, Iowa. - .
West Des Moines, Iowa
Abilene, Kans
Anthony, Kans
Augusta, Kans
Baxter Springs, Kans
Belleville, Kans
Caney, Kans
Cherry vale, Kans_ - .
Clay Center, Kans- ..
Concordia, Kans_ . .
Council Grove, Kans . .
Dodge City, Kans...
Eureka, Kans
Fredonia, Kans
Galena, Kans
Garden City, Kans
Garnett, Kans
Goodland, Kans-.
Great Bend, Kans ...
Hays, Kans
Herington, Kans
Hiawatha, Kans
Hoisington, Kans
Holton, Kans
Horton, Kans
Iola, Kans
Junction City, Kans. .
Kingman, Kans...
Liberal, Kans
Lyons, Kans
McPherson, Kans. . _
Marysville, Kans
Neodesha, Kans
Norton, Kans
Olathe, Kans
Osawatomie, Kans
Pratt, Kans
Russell, Kans
Wellington, Kans
W infield, Kans...
Catlettsburg, Ky...
Central City, Ky.
Corbin, Ky
Cumberland, Ky__.
Cynthiana, Ky
Dawson Springs, Ky. . _
Dayton, Ky
Elsmere, Ky
Franklin, Ky.
Fulton, Ky
Georgetown, Ky
Glasgow, Ky :
Harlan, Ky
Jenkins, Ky
Lebanon, Ky
Ludlow, Ky
Madisonville, Ky. .
Mount Sterling, Ky...
Nicholas ville, Ky
Pikeville, Ky
Pineville, Ky
Providence, Ky
Richmond, Ky
Russellville, Ky
Bastrop, La
De Quincy, La
De Ridder, La
Donaldsonville, La
Ferriday, La
Hammond, La
Houma, La
Jennings, La
J oneshoro, La
Leesville, La
T
Number
of em-
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
3
0.57
4
.96
6
.89
2
.47
3
.53
3
1.04
6
1.57
5
1.02
3
1. 16
4
1.52
•)
.63
4
.89
5
.80
■>
.70
9
1.06
4
1.05
5
1.42
5
1.14
6
.95
2
.60
4
.44
4
.63
2
.53
3
.93
3
.81
6
2.09
G
.83
82
4
1.24
4
.91
3
.67
7
.97
3
.89
3
.75
4
.97
5
.76
4
.83
5
.69
8
.84
4
.88
3
.71
6
1. 45
4
.83
2
.78
6
.72
6
2.08
3
.76
4
1.21
6
1.36
6
1.03
5
.98
5
1.32
5
.81
8
.97
5
1.05
4
1.25
4
.96
5
1.29
3
.68
4
1.00
6
.91
7
2. 15
3
.80
•>
.70
4
.66
6
.66
4
.54
3
1.14
3
1.06
Ill
Table 53. — Number of police-department employees, 1.940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Mansfield, La
Minden, La
Natchitoches, La
Oakdale, La
Pineville, La
Plaquemine, La
Rayne, La
Slidell, La
Tallulah, La
West Monroe, La
Belfast, Maine.
Brunswick, Maine
Calais, Maine
Fort Fairfield, Maine
Gardiner, Maine
Hallowell, Maine
Old Town, Maine. -
Presque Isle, Maine
Rockland, Maine
Saco, Maine
Brunswick, Md
Kaston, Md
Frostburg, Md
Greenbelt, Md
Laurel, Md
Mount Rainier, Md
Pocomoke City, Md
Takoma Park, Md
Westernport, Md
Amherst, Mass
Auburn, Mass
Ayer, Mass
Barnstable, Mass
Bridgewater, Mass
Canton, Mass
Concord, Mass
Dalton, Mass
Dartmouth, Mass
Dracut, Mass
Dudley, Mass
Franklin, Mass
Great Barrington, Mass-
Hingham, Mass
Hudson, Mass
Ipswich, Mass
Longmeadow, Mass
Ludlow, Mass
Mansfield, Mass
Middleborough, Mass...
Millbury, Mass
Montague, Mass
Nantucket, Mass
North Andover, Mass...
Orange, Mass
Palmer, Mass
Provincetown, Mass
Randolph, Mass
Rockport, Mass
Somerset, Mass
South Hadley, Mass
Spencer, Mass
Uxbridge, Mass
Walpole, Mass
Ware, Mass
Winchendon, Mass
Albion, Mich.
Allegan, Mich
Alma, Mich
Bad Axe, Mich
Belding, Mich
Berkley, Mich
Bessemer, Mich
Big Rapids, Mich
Boyne City, Mich
Buchanan, Mich
Cadillac, Mich
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
0.74
.60
1.17
.76
.47
.99
.60
1.05
.70
.70
.72
1.29
1.36
1.49
.99
1.03
1.17
.55
.90
1.27
1.56
1.10
.65
1.41
.71
1.04
1.46
.90
.28
.62
1.51
17
2.04
9
1.01
8
1.25
10
1.25
3
.71
11
1.22
3
.41
14
3.03
6
.82
7
1.20
12
1.50
9
1.12
9
1.42
i
1.21
9
1.10
4
.61
6
.66
6
.86
4
.53
i
2.06
9
1.20
4
.71
12
1.31
6
1.64
4
.52
i
1.97
5
.85
5
.73
2
.30
6
.94
10
1.34
4
.53
9
1.37
5
.60
4
.88
4
.56
1
.38
1
.24
6
.94
4
.98
6
] . 20
2
. 69
2
. 19
6
.61
Cam, Mich
t 'enter Line, Mich
Charlotte, Mich
Cheboygan, Mich
Clawson, Mich . .
Cold water, Mich
Crystal Falls, Mich
I >owagiac, Mich
Durand, Mich
East Detroit, Mich
East Grand Rapids, Mich .
East Lansing, Mich
Eaton Rapids, Mich
Fcnton, Mich
Fremont, Mich
Gladstone, Mich. . .
Grand Haven, Mich
Grand Ledge, Mich ...
Greenville, Mich. .
Grosse Pointe, Mich .
Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich.
Grosse Pointe Woods, Mich.
Hancock, Mich...
Hastings, Mich
Hillsdale, Mich...
Houghton, Mich
Howell, Mich
Ionia, Mich. . .
Iron River, Mich
Ishpeming, Mich
Kingsford, Mich
Ludington, Mich
Manistee, Mich. ..
Manistique, Mich . .
Marine City, Mich
Marshall, Mich..
Melvindale, Mich..
Mount Pleasant, Mich...
Munising, Mich
Negaunee, Mich
Northville, Mich
Norway, M ich
Otsego, Mich
Petoskey, Mich .
Pleasant Ridge, Mich
Plymouth, Mich
Rochester. Mich
Rogers City, Mich _ _
Roseville, Mich
St. Clair, Mich . .
St. Ignace, Mich
St. Johns, Mich
St. Joseph, Mich
South Haven, Mich
Sturgis, Mich
Three Rivers, Mich
Trenton, Mich
Wakefield, Mich
Wavne, Mich
Zeel'and, Mich
Alexandria, Minn
Anoka, Minn
Bayport, Minn
Bemidji, Minn
Blue Earth, Minn
Breckenridge, Minn .
Chisholm, Minn
Cloquet, Minn
Columbia Heights, Minn...
Crookston, Minn
Crosby, Minn .
Detroit Lakes, Minn .
East Grand Forks, Minn
Edina, Minn
Ely, Minn.
Number
of em-
ployees
\ I] [II I MM
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
112
Table 53. — Number of police-department employees, 1940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Eveleth, Minn
Fairmont, Minn
Gilbert, Minn
Grand Rapids, Minn
Hastings, Minn.- -
Hopkins, Minn
Hutchinson, Minn
International Falls, Minn.
Jackson, Minn
Lake Citv, Minn —
Litchfield, Minn
Little Falls, Minn
Luverne, Minn
Marshall, Minn
Montevideo, Minn
Moorhead, Minn
Morris, Minn
New Ulm, Minn
Northfield, Minn..
North Mankato, Minn.,.
North St. Paul, Minn...
Owatonna, Minn
Pipestone, Minn
Red Wing, Minn
Redwood Falls, Minn
Richfield, Minn
Robbinsdale, Minn
St. James, Minn
St. Louis Park, Minn
St. Peter, Minn
Sauk Center, Minn
Sauk Rapids, Minn
Sleepy Eye, Minn
Staples, Minn
Stillwater, Minn
Thief River Falls, Minn..
Tracy, Minn
Two Harbors, Minn
Wadena, Minn
Waseca, Minn
West St. Paul, Minn
White Bear Lake, Minn..
Worthington, Minn
Columbia, Miss
Grenada, Miss
Kosciusko, Miss
Lexington, Miss
Louisville, Miss.
McComb, Miss
New Albany, Miss
Starkville, Miss
West Point, Miss
Winona, Miss
Yazoo City, Miss
Aurora, Mo
Bonne Terre, Mo
Boonville, Mo
Brentwood, Mo
Cameron, Mo
Carrollton, Mo
Chaffee, Mo
Chillicothe, Mo
Clinton, Mo
DeSoto, Mo
Excelsior Springs, Mo
Farmington, Mo
Festus, Mo
Fulton, Mo
Higginsville, Mo
Marceline, Mo
Marshall, Mo
Maryville, Mo
Mexico, Mo
Monett, Mo. .
Nevada, Mo.
Ste. Genevieve, Mo
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
2.32
. 72
2.00
.82
.88
.73
.77
.89
1.06
1.25
!99
.96
.87
.57
.84
.93
.57
.32
.81
.64
.90
.92
.30
.66
.88
.52
.51
.66
.34
1.03
1.02
1.14
1.00
.65
1.24
1.03
.70
.70
1.75
,68
.66
.86
.93
.68
. 58
.61
1.39
.82
1.07
1. 18
1.24
.74
City
1.83
.83
.98
.66
.75
.66
.39
1.23
.54
.43
.72
.85
.94
.59
.70
.66
1.37
Slater, Mo
Trenton, Mo
Washington, Mo
Bozeman, Mont
Cut Bank, Mont
Leer Lodge, Mont
Glendive, Mont
Havre, Mont
Kalispell, Mont
Laurel, Mont
Lewistown, Mont
Livingston, Mont
Miles City, Mont
Roundup, Mont
Whitefish, Mont
Alliance, Nebr
Auburn, Nebr
Blair, Nebr
Chadron, Nebr
Columbus, Nebr
Crete, Nebr
Fairburv, Nebr...
Falls City, Nebr
Gering, Nebr
Holdrege, Nebr
Kearney, Nebr
Lexington, Nebr
McCook, Nebr
Nebraska City, Nebr
Plattsmouth, Nebr
Schuyler, Nebr
Seward, Nebr
Sidney, Nebr
South Sioux City, Nebr.
Wahoo, Nebr
West Point, Nebr
York, Nebr
Ely, Nev
Las Vegas, Nev
Sparks, Nev
Derrv, N. H.
Exeter, N. H
Franklin, N. H
Littleton, N. H
Newport, N. H
Somersworth, N. H
Audubon, N.J
Belmar. N. J
Bernardsville, N. J
Bogota, N. J
Boonton, N. J
Bound Brook, N. J
Bradley Beach, N. J
Butler, N.J
Caldwell, N. J... _.
CapeMav, N. J
Carlstadt, N.J
Chatham, N. J
Clementon, N.J
Closter, N.J
Dunellen, N.J.
East Paterson, N. J
East Rutherford, N. J..
Edgewater, N. J
Fairlawn, N. J
Fairview, N.J
Flemington, N. J
Fort Lee, N.J
Freehold, N.J
Garwood, N. J
Glassboro, N. J
Glen Ridge, N.J
Glen Rock, N. J
Guttenberg, N. J
Hackettstown, N.J
Haddonfield, N. J
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
113
Table 53. — Number of police-department employees, 1940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Number
of em-
ployees
Haddon Heights, N. J
Haledon, N J
Hammonton, N. J
Hasbrouek Heights, N. J
Hillsdale, N. 3
Keansburg, N. J
Keyport, N. J
Lambertville, N. J
Leonia, N. J
Lindenwold, N. J
Little Ferry, N.J
Madison, N. J
Manville, N. J
Margate City, N. J
Matawan, N. J
May wood, N. J _..
Merchantville, N. J
Metuchen, N.J
Middlesex, N. J
Midland Park, N.J
New Milford, N.J
Newton, N. J
Northfield, N. J
North Haledon, N. J
Ocean City, N.J
Oceanport, N. J
Oradell.N.J
Palisades Park, N. J
Paramus, N. J
Park Ridge, N. J
Penns Grove, N. J
Pitman, N. J
Pompton Lakes, N. J
Princeton, N. J
Prospect Park, N. J
Ramsey, N.J
Raritan, N. J
Ridgefield, N. J
River Edge, N. J
Roselle Park, N. J
Rumson, N. J
Runnemede, N. J
Salem, N.J
Sayreville, N. J
Secaucus, N. J
Somerville, N. J
South Plainfield, N. J
Tenafly, N. J
Verona, N.J
Vineland, N. J .
Washington, N.J
West Caldwell, N. J
Westville, N.J
Westwood, N. J
Wharton, N.J
Wildwood, N.J
Woodburv, N. J-.
Wood-Ridge, N.J
Alamogordo, N. Mex
Helen, N. Mex
Carlsbad, N. Mex
Clayton, N. Mex
Gallup, N. Mex
Portales, N. Mex
Raton, N. Mex
Tucumcari, N. Mex
Albion, N. Y
Aniitvville, N. Y
Babylon, N. Y
Baldwinsville, N. Y
liallston Spa, N. Y
Bath.N. Y
llronxville, N. Y
Canajohane, N. Y .
Canandaigua, N. Y
Canastota, N. Y
Canisteo, N. Y
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
1.98
.94
.65
1.79
2. 01
3.10
1.75
1.12
2.08
.78
2.20
1.38
.66
3.06
1.45
2.47
2.45
1.22
.53
.88
1.87
1.63
1.05
.72
7.06
.32
2.14
1.23
1.08
1.59
1.08
1.09
1.25
1.94
2.28
1.96
.62
2.28
.91
1.04
3. 42
1.00
. 03
1.22
1.54
1.38
1.30
2.29
1.79
1.64
1.08
1. 71
1. 12
2. 00
.26
3. IV.)
1.57
1.74
.51
.99
.70
.91
.85
.78
.66
.65
1.29
2.17
2. 53
.78
2. 03
1.92
2.90
. 7H
1.20
1.45
1.18
City
Canton, N. Y .
Carthage, N. Y
Catskill, N. Y. .
Cobleskill, N. Y
Coopersto wn, N . Y
Corinth, N. Y
Croton-on-Hudson, N. Y..
Dannemora, N. Y
Dansvffle, N. Y
Depew, N. Y_..
Dobbs Ferry, N. Y
Dolgeville, N. Y...
East Aurora, N. Y
East Rochester, N. Y
East Syracuse, N. Y
Ellenville, N. Y
Elmira Heights, N. Y—
Elmsford, N.Y
Fairport, N. Y
Falconer, N. Y
Farmingdale, N. Y
Fort Edward, N.Y
Fort Plain, N. Y
Frankfort, N. Y.
Fredonia, N. Y
Goshen, N. Y
Gouverneur, N. Y
Gowanda, N. Y
Granville, N. Y
Green Island, N. Y
Greenport, N. Y
Hamburg, N. Y
Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y
Haverstraw, N. Y
Herkimer, N. Y.
Highland Falls, N. Y._.
Homer, N. Y
Hoosick Falls, N.Y
Hudson Falls, N. Y
Ilion, N. Y-.-
Irvington, N. Y
Lake Placid, N. Y
Lancaster, N. Y
Larchmont, N. Y
LeRoy,N. Y
Liberty,N. Y
Lindenhurst, N. Y
Lowville, N.Y
Lyons, N.Y
Malone, N. Y
Mechanicville, N. Y
Medina.N. Y
Mohawk, N.Y
Monticello, N. Y...
Mount Morris, N. Y
Newark, N. Y
New York Mills, N.Y. .
North Pelham, N. Y
Northport, N.Y
North Tarrytown, N. Y ...
Norwich, N. Y
Nyack, N. Y
Owego, N. Y
Palmyra, N. Y
Patchogue, N. Y
Pelham Manor, N.Y
Penn Yan, N. Y
Perry,N. Y
Pleasantville, N. Y
Port Jervis, N. Y
Potsdam, N. Y _
Rve.N. Y
Sag Harbor, N. Y
Salamanca, N . Y
Saranac Lake, N. Y
Saugerties, N.Y
Scotia.N.Y
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
114
Table 53. Number of police-department employees, 1940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Seneca Falls, N . Y
Silver Creek, N. Y
Sloan, N. Y
Solvay.N. Y
Southampton, N. Y
Spring Valley, N. Y
Springville, N. Y
Suffern, N. Y
Tarry town, N. Y
Ticonderoga, N. Y
Tuckahoe, N. Y
Tupper Lake, N. Y
Walden, N. Y
Walton, N. Y .
Wappingers Falls, N. Y-
Warsaw, N. Y
Waterford, N. Y
Waterloo, N. Y...
Waverlv, N. Y
Wellsville, N. Y
Westfleld, N. Y
West Haverstraw, N. Y .
Whitehall, N. Y .
Whitesboro, N. Y
Yorkville, N. Y
Albemarle, N. C
Asheboro, N. C
Belmont, N. C ...
Bessemer C-itv, N. C__ .
Canton, N. C
Chapel Hill, N. C—
Dunn, N. C -
Fdenton, N. C
Forest City, N. C
Ilendersonville, N. C
Lenoir, N. C
Lincolnton, N. C
Lumberton, N. C
Morganton, N. C
Mount Airy, N. C
North Wilkesboro, N. C
Roanoke Rapids, N. C.-
Rockingham, N. C
Roxboro, N. C
Sanford, N. C
Smithfield, N. C
Southern Pines, N. C__.
Spindale, N. C_
Tarboro, N. C
Washington, N. C
Devils Lake, N. Dak...
Dickinson, N. Dak .
Jamestown, N. Dak
Mandan, N. Dak..
Valley City, N. Dak. _.
Wahpeton, N. Dak
Williston, N.Dak
Amherst, Ohio .
Barnesville, Ohio
Bedford, Ohio
Bellefontaine, Ohio...
Belle vue, Ohio
Berea, Ohio
Be.xley, Ohio
Bridgeport, Ohio
Bryan, Ohio
Bucyrus, Ohio
Carey, Ohio
Celina, Ohio
( Ihagrin Falls, Ohio
Cheviot, Ohio
Circleville, Ohio..
Clyde, Ohio
Conneaut, Ohio
Crestline, Ohio
Crooksville, Ohio
Deer Park, Ohio
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,0(10
inhabit-
ants
0.93
1.63
I. 01
1.71
1.83
1.39
1.40
2.65
2.47
2. or.
2.44
.73
1. 17
.81
1.46
.84
2.07
.75
.73
.84
1. 16
3. 16
.62
.28
.30
1.72
1.00
1.84
.56
1.39
1.64
.95
.78
.99
1.49
]. is
. 88
]. 21
.91
1.43
1. 12
.94
1.09
.65
1.21
1.09
.93
.51
.84
.93
.81
.51
.80
.60
1.01
.80
.69
1.73
1.00
.54
.51
1. 14
1.00
1. 15
1.03
. 56
. 72
i'oi
.41
I. (HI
. 88
.88
I. 26
.53
1.3S
35
.85
City
Defiance, Ohio .
Delaware, Ohio .
Delphos, Ohio
Dennison, Ohio
Dover, Ohio
East Palestine, Ohio
Eaton, Ohio
Elmwood Place, Ohio
Fairport, Ohio
Fairview, Ohio .
Franklin, Ohio
Oalion, Ohio .
Oallipolis, Ohio
Geneva, Ohio
Oirard, Ohio
Glouster, Ohio
Grandview Heights, Ohic
Greenville, Ohio
Hillsboro, Ohio
Hubbard, Ohio
Jackson, Ohio
Kent, Ohio
Kenton, Ohio
Lebanon, Ohio
Lisbon, Ohio
Lockland, Ohio
Logan, Ohio
London, Ohio
Louisville, Ohio _
Maple Heights, Ohio
Marysville, Ohio.
Maumee, Ohio
Mayfield Heights, Ohio
Medina, Ohio
M iamisburg, Ohio
Middleport, Ohio
Minerva, Ohio
Mingo Junction, Ohio
Montpelier, Ohio
Mount Healthy, Ohio
New Boston, Ohio
Newburgh Heights, Ohio
New Lexington, Ohio
Newton Falls, Ohio
North Canton, Ohio
North College Hill, Ohio
Norwalk, Ohio... .
Oak wood, Ohio
Oberlin, Ohio
Orrville, Ohio
Oxford, Ohio
Perrysburg, Ohio
Pomeroy, Ohio
Port Clinton, Ohio
Ravenna, Ohio ...
Reading, Ohio
Rittman, Ohio
Rocky River, Ohio
St. Bernard, Ohio
St. Marys, Ohio..
Sebring, Ohio
Shadyside, Ohio
Shelby, Ohio
Sidney, Ohio
South Euclid, Ohio..
Tippecanoe City, Ohio
Toronto, Ohio
Troy, Ohio
I'hriehsville, Ohio...
Upper Arlington, Ohio......
CJrbana, Ohio
Van Wert, Ohio
Wadsworth, Ohio
Wapakoneta, Ohio .
Washington Court House,
Ohio
Wellston, Ohio
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
115
Table 53. — Number of police-department employees, 1940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
WellsviUe, Ohio .
Westerville, Ohio
AVilloughby, Ohio.,
Wilmington, Ohio
Wyoming, Ohio
Altus. Okla
Alva, Okla...
Black well, Okla
Bristow, Okla
Chandler, Okla .
Claremore, Okla
Clinton, Okla
Cordell, Okla
Cushing, Okla
Drumright, Okla
Duncan, Okla
Edmond, Okla......
Elk City, Okla
Frederick, Okla
Henrvetta, Okla
nobart, Okla...
Holdenville, Okla...
Hollis, Okla
Hugo, Okla
Kingfisher, Okla
Marlow, Okla..
Miami, Okla
Nowata, Okla
Pawhuska, Okla
Pawnee, Okla
Perrv, Okla
Purcell, Okla
Sand Springs, Okla.
Tonkawa, Okla
Wagoner, Okla
Albany, Oreg
Ashland, Orcg
Baker, Oreg
Burns, Oreg
Corvallis, Oreg
Dallas, Oreg
Grants Pass, Oreg..
Hillsboro, Oreg
Hood River, Oreg..
La Grande, Oreg...
McMinnville, Oreg.
Marshfield, Oreg. ..
Oregon City, Oreg..
Pendleton, Oreg
Roseburg, Oreg
St. Helens, Oreg ..
The Dalles, Oreg..
Ambler, Pa
Apollo, Pa
Archbald, Pa
Ashley, Pa
Aspinwall, Pa
Avalon, Pa
Avoca, Pa
Bangor, Pa
Barnesboro, Pa
Beaver, Pa.
Bedford, Pa
Bellefonte, Pa
Bellwood, Pa
Bentleyville, Pa...
Birdsboro, Pa
Blairsville, Pa
Bloomsburg, Pa
Boyertown, Pa
Brackenridge, Pa...
Brentwood, Pa
Bridgeport, Pa
Brockway, Pa
Brookville, Pa.
Brownsville, Pa
Burnham, Pa
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
0.39
.64
1.37
1.00
2. 69
. 93
.59
1.29
.83
1. 10
1.45
. 71
1.08
.91
.46
1. 19
1.00
.GO
.78
.87
.58
.75
1. 10
51
1.49
1.03
. 96
. 77
1.29
1.46
.79
1.28
.49
1. 56
. 57
.88
1.05
.75
1.17
.71
1.12
.83
.80
1 . 52
1.03
.81
1.14
1.14
.57
.61
.46
1.28
1.01
.31
. I'll)
.63
1.06
1.95
1.05
.53
1.04
1.77
.01
.57
1.08
. 29
.91
.80
1.63
1.51
.47
1.19
.68
.37
.68
1.00
.33
City
Camp Hill, Pa
Castle Shannon, Pa
Catasauqua, Pa. .
Clarks Summit, Pa
Clearfield, Pa...
Clifton Heights, Pa
Clymer.Pa
Coaldale.Pa
Collingdale, Pa...
Coplay, Pa
Corry, Pa
Crafton, Pa ..
Curwensville, I'a
Dale, Pa
Dallastown, Pa
Danville, Pa
Derry, Pa
Downington, Pa
Dupont, Pa._
Duryea, Pa
East Conemaugh, Pa
East Lansdowne, Pa
East McKeesport, Pa...
East Mauch Chunk, Pa.
East Pittsburgh, Pa
East Stroudsburg, Pa. _ _
Ebensburg, Pa
Edwardsville, Pa
Elizabeth, Pa
Elizabethtown, Pa
Emmaus, Pa
Emporium, Pa
Etna, Pa.
Exeter, Pa
Ford Citv.Pa
Forest Citv, Pa - -
Forest Hills, Pa
Forty Fort, Pa
Fountain Hill, Pa.. .
Franklin, Pa
Freedom, Pa
Freeport, Pa
Gallitzin, Pa.
Gettysburg, Pa
Glassport, Pa
Glenolden, Pa
Greenville, Pa.
Grove City, Pa
Hamburg, Pa
Hatboro, Pa
Hellertown, Pa...
Hollidaysburg, Fa. . .
Honesdale, Pa
Huntingdon, I'a
Ingram, Pa
Irwin, Pa
Jenkintown, Pa
Jermyn, Pa
Jersey Shore, Pa
Kane, Pa
Kennett Square, Pa
Kitt.anning, Pa
Kutztown, Pa
Lansdale, Pa
Lansford, Pa
Larksville, Pa
Lemoyne, Pa
Lititz, Pa
.Luzerne, Pa
McAdoo, Pa
McDonald, Pa
Marcus Hook, Pa
Masontown, Pa
Mauch Chunk, Pa
Mayfield, Pa
Mechanicsburg, Pa
Media, Pa
Number
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ployees
ants
3
0.83
l
. 25
5
1.05
1
.37
2
.21
5
1.02
o
.65
2
.32
6
.74
5
1.61
7
1.01
9
1.26
2
.58
2
.61
1
.34
3
.42
3
1.00
4
.76
4
.48
5
1 04
3
.90
5
1.65
11
1.81
5
.78
3
.81
17
2. 13
2
.67
15
2. 23
2
.53
7
.97
5
.86
3
.52
3
.70
6
1.14
5
.79
4
.83
10
1.01
2
.62
2
.74
2
.55
3
.51
8
.91
5
1.04
5
.61
4
.64
3
.81
3
1.15
3
.74
4
.68
5
.88
2
.28
8
2. or,
3
.87
11
2. IS
1
.31
1
IS
5
.82
2
.59
6
.79
4
1.35
5
.54
2
.23
9
1.06
2
.46
4
.83
6
.85
4
.78
2
.57
6
1.46
9
.54
9
. 66
4
1.26
5
.88
6
1 1.12
116
Table 53. — Number of police-department employees, 1940; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Meyersdale, Pa
Middletown, Pa
Midland, Pa
Millvale, Pa
Milton, Pa
Minersville, Pa
Monaca, Pa
Monongahela City, Pa_ . _
Montoursville, Pa -
Mount Joy, Pa
Mount Perm, Pa
Mount Pleasant, Pa
Mount Union, Pa
Myerstown, Pa
Nanty Glo, Pa
Nazareth, Pa
New Cumberland, Pa
Northampton, Pa...
North Belle vernon. Pa. . _
North Charleroi, Pa
North East, Pa
Northumberland, Pa
Norwood, Pa
Oakmont, Pa
Olyphant, Pa
Palmerton, Pa
Palmvra, Pa
Patton, Pa
Pen Argyl, Pa
Philipsburg, Pa
Port Carbon, Pa
Port Vue, Pa
Prospect Park, Pa
Punxsutawney, Pa
Quakertown, Pa
Rankin, Pa
Renova, Pa
Reynoldsville, Pa
Ridgway.Pa ..-..
Roaring Spring, Pa
Rochester, Pa
Royersford, Pa
St. Clair, Pa
St. Marys, Pa
Schuvlkill Haven, Pa
Scottdale, Pa
Sharpsburg, Pa
Sharpsville, Pa
Shillington, Pa
Shippensburg, Pa
Slatington, Pa
Somerset, Pa
South Connellsville, Pa
South Fork, Pa
South Oreensburg, Pa
Southwest Greensburg, Pa_ .
Spanglcr, Pa
Spring City, Pa
Springdale, Pa
State College, Pa
Stroudsburg, Pa
Sugar Notch, Pa
Summit Hill, Pa
S warthmore, Pa
S woyerville, Pa
Tarentum, Pa
Taylor, Pa
Towanda, Pa
Trafford, Pa
Turtle Creek, Pa
Tyrone, Pa .--
Verona, Pa
Waynesburg, Pa
Weatherly, Pa
Wesleyville, Pa
West Homestead, Pa
Westmont, Pa_
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
0.62
.57
1.10
.90
.36
1.04
.42
.45
.33
.35
1.09
.52
.63
.74
.32
.70
.22
.42
.66
.37
.81
.45
1.28
.96
.97
.54
.38
.32
.74
.76
1.22
.28
2.55
.74
.78
1.61
.79
.54
.32
.37
1.08
.28
.59
.39
.61
.46
1.10
.97
.61
.57
1.48
.74
.76
.33
.76
1.00
.31
.33
.80
.80
.65
.80
.92
1.72
1.41
.71
.78
.72
.75
1.43
.57
.92
1.02
.73
.69
3.97
1.07
West Newton, Pa
West Pittston, Pa
West Reading, Pa
West View, Pa
West Wyoming, Pa_ . .
West York, Pa
Windber, Pa
Wyoming, Pa
Wyomissing, Pa
Yeadon, Pa
Youngwood, Pa
Barrington, R. I
Burrillville, R. I—.
East Greenwich, R. I
Warren, R.I
Abbeville, S. C
Aiken, S. C
Batesburg, S. C
Clinton, S. C
Darlington, S. C
Dillon, S. C
Eau Claire, S. C
Gaffney, S. C
Georgetown, S. C
Hartsville, S. C
Kinestree, S. C
Lancaster, S. C
Newberry, S. C
Summerville, S. C
Union, S. C
Brookings, S. Dak
Canton, S. Dak
Dead wood, S. Dak__.
Hot Springs, S. Dak._
Lead, S. Dak
Mobridge, S. Dak
Pierre, S. Dak
Sisseton, S. Dak _
Vermillion, S. Dak__-
Yankton, S. Dak
Alcoa, Tenn
Athens, Tenn
Brownsville, Tenn_ _ .
Cookeville, Tenn
Elizabethton, Tenn_ _
Erwin, Tenn
Fayette ville, Tenn. . .
Greene ville, Tenn
La Follette, Tenn
Lenoir City, Tenn
Lewisburg, Tenn
McMinn ville, Tenn__
Morristown, Term
Paris, Tenn
Pulaski, Tenn
Tullahoma, Tenn
Union City, Tenn
Alpine, Tex
Arlington, Tex
Athens, Tex
Bonham, Tex
Bowie, Tex
Breckenridge, Tex
Burkburnett, Tex
Cisco, Tex
Coleman, Tex
Commerce, Tex _
Dalhart, Tex
Eastland, Tex
Electra, Tex
Floydada, Tex. .....
Fort Stockton, Tex...
Gainesville, Tex
Jacksonville, Tex
Kerrville, Tex
Kingsville, Tex
Lampasas, Tex
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
117
Table 53. — Number of 'police-department employees, 19/,0; cities with population
from 2,500 to 25,000 (based on 1940 decennial census) — Continued
CITIES WITII 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,000
inhabit-
ants
City
Number
of em-
ployees
Number
per 1,(1(10
inhabit-
ants
Lufkin, Tex
5
1
14
2
3
3
2
2
17
1
2
9
2
2
3
2
4
4
5
6
4
2
2
5
3
2
3
2
4
4
3
3
4
2
3
3
8
11
14
12
9
3
10
5
3
3
2
4
3
4
6
4
3
9
11
13
5
3
5
6
8
9
6
12
8
5
4
3
3
8
5
3
4
2
l). 52
. 3'.)
1.64
.31
.78
.47
.62
1. 11
.57
2.28
.37
.42
1.09
1.54
.29
.35
.50
.60
.83
.59
.75
1.01
.58
.60
.60
.89
.64
.73
1.06
.73
1.39
.70
1.06
.80
.77
.56
.72
.63
1.89
1.44
1.45
1.50
1.84
.37
1.34
1.35
2.28
1.47
.50
.95
.69
1.33
.69
.92
.95
1.15
.94
1.53
1.25
1.50
1.28
.75
1.43
.86
1.39
1.12
1.74
4.62
1.09
1.27
.68
.71
.68
1.08
1.03
.96
1.40
.66
Ellensburg, Wash..
5
8
4
3
10
3
4
6
3
6
3
3
4
4
3
16
6
5
4
5
6
2
2
8
3
3
1
8
5
10
8
4
5
5
5
4
3
5
4
2
6
2
2
4
6
9
5
3
4
4
4
4
8
4
6
6
3
6
3
4
4
4
4
8
4
6
10
13
5
4
2
5
4
7
0 84
McCamey, Tex
Kelso, Wash
1. 19
McKinney, Tex ._
Marlin, Tex
Mount Vernon, Wash
Port Angeles, Wash
.94
77
Memphis, Tex
1 06
Mexia, Tex...
Mineola, Tex
Port Townsend, Wash
Pullman, Wash.
.64
91
Mineral Wells, Tex...
Puvallup, Wash
76
Olnev, Tex .
74
Oranee, Tex
Renton, Wash
Sedro Woolev, Wash
Shelton, Wash
Snohomish, Wash
1 31
Paducah, Tex .
Pharr, Tex
Plainview, Tex
1.02
.81
1 43
Ranger, Tex
Toppenish, Wash
1.36
Kobstown, Tex
Benwood, W. Va
1 !>4
Rusk, Tex...
Buckhannon, W. Va
Dunbar, W. Va
'10
57
Seymour, Tex
Stamford, Tex
Sulphur Springs, Tex.
Uvalde, Tex ...
Elkins, W. Va .
Grafton, W. Va. .
Hinton, W. Va
Kenova, W. Va..
1.97
.SI
.86
1.03
Weatherford, Tex .
Keyser, W. Va..
.81
Weslaco, Tex. .
Logan, W. Va
McMechen, W. Va
Mannington, W. Va.
Princeton, W. Va
St. Albans, W. Va.
Salem, W. Va....
1 16
American Fork, Utah.
Bountiful, Utah. ...
.54
64
Brigham, Utah
Cedar Citv, Utah...
Heber, Utah
1.08
.84
1. 17
Helper, Utah. _ . .
Sisterville, W. Va
Welch, W. Va.
.37
Lehi, Utah
1.28
Midvale, Utah.. .
Weston, W. Va.
.60
Murray, Utah
Williamson, W. Va.
Antigo, Wis
1.20
Nephi, Utah
.84
Park Citv, Utah..
Berlin, Wis
.94
Price, Utah.. .
Burlington, Wis
Clintonville, Wis
1 13
Richfield, Utah...
1.21
Spanish Fork, Utah..
Columbus, Wis...
1.81
Springville, Utah..
Delavan, Wis
1.16
Bellows Falls, Vt...
Edgarton, Wis..
.92
Bennington, Vt
Fort Atkinson, Wis.
.81
Brattleboro, Vt...
Hartford, Wis
1.02
Montpelier, Vt
Newport, Vt
Jefferson, Wis
Kaukauna, Wis..
Ladvsmith, Wis..
Little Chute, Wis
Mavville, Wis
.65
.81
St. Albans, Vt..
St. Johnsburv, Vt ...
Springfield, Vt..
.54
.60
1.45
Waterbury, Vt
Menomonie, Wis...
Merrill, Wis. .
.91
Windsor, Vt
1.03
Winooski, Vt.
Monroe, Wis..
1.13
Abingdon, Va
Altavista, Va ..
Oconomowoc, Wis
Oconto, Wis
1.10
.56
Appalachia, Va
Park Falls, Wis...
1.23
Big Stone Gap, Va..
Buena Vista, Va
Plymouth, Wis
Portage, Wis
Port Washington, Wis
Reedsburg, Wis. _
Rhinelander, Wis. .
Richland Center, Wis
Ripon, Wis
.96
1.00
Covineton, Va
.99
Franklin, Va
1. 11
Galax, Va .
.94
Hampton, Va
.92
Harrisonburg, Va...
1.31
Hopewell, Va. _.
1.08
Lexington, Va
Sheboygan Falls, Wis
.88
Norton, Va
1.03
Phoebus, Va
Stoughton, Wis.
Sturgeon Bay, Wis...
Tomah, Wis
Tomahawk, Wis
.63
Radford, Va
.74
Salem, Va
1.05
South Norfolk, Va.
1.19
Vinton, Va... _ .
1. 13
Virginia Beach, Va
Waupaca, Wis
2 31
Waynesboro, Va
Waupun, Wis.. __
West Bend, Wis
West Milwaukee, Wis
Whitefish Bav, Wis
Whitewater, Wis
Evanston, Wvo
Green River, Wyo
.59
Williamsburg, Va
1. 10
Anacortes, Wash... ._ ...
2.00
Auburn, Wash
1 . 35
Camas, Wash
1. 36
Centralia, Wash
1. 11
Chehalis, Wash
.76
Clarkston, Wash
.90
Colfax, Wash . ..
Riverton, Wyo
Rock Springs, Wyo
1 . 57
Dayton, Wash
.71
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
Source of Data.
The information concerning the age, sex, race, and previous crim-
inal history presented in the tabulations which follow was made avail-
able through the examination of 313,204 arrest records, as evidenced
by fingerprint cards, received in the FBI during the first 6 months
of 1 941 . The recording of data for inclusion in the tables was limited
to instances of arrests for violation of State laws and municipal ordi-
nances. In other words, fingerprint cards representing arrests for
violations of Federal laws or representing commitments to any type
of penal institution have been excluded from this tabulation.
The number of fingerprint records examined was somewhat larger
than the number for the first half of 1940, which was 298,423. The
increase in the number of arrest records examined should not neces-
sarily be construed as reflecting an increase in the amount of crime,
nor as an increase in the number of persons arrested, since it quite
probably is at least partially the result of an increased tendency on
the part of local agencies to contribute fingerprint records to the Iden-
tification Division of the FBI. The data compiled from fingerprint
records obviously does not include all persons arrested, since there
are individuals taken into custody for whom no fingerprint cards are
forwarded to Washington. Furthermore, data pertaining to persons
a nested should not be treated as information regarding the number
of offenses committed, since two or more persons may be involved in
the joint commission of a single offense, and on the other hand, one
person may be arrested and charged with the commission of several
separate crimes.
Offense Charged.
Although a substantial number of the persons represented in the
following tabulation were arrested and charged with comparatively
(118)
119
minor violations, it should be noted that more than 37 percent (117,-
640) of the records examined during the first 6 months of 1941 repre-
sented arrests for major violations as follows:
Criminal homicide 3, 17!)
Robbery - 6. 052
Assault 18,004
Burglary 15,914
Larceny (except auto theft) 29, 663
Autotheft 6- 7-">7
Embezzlement and fraud 8, 063
St olen property (receiving, etc.) 1, 660
Arson °3'
Forgerv and counterfeiting 3, 574
Rape.." 2,934
Narcotic drug laws 1, 801
Weapons (earning, etc.) 2, 970
Driving Avhile intoxicated 16, 532
Total 117,640
Persons charged with murder, jobbery, assault, burglary, larceny,
or auto theft numbered 79,569, which represents 25 percent of the
total arrest records examined.
Sex.
Excluding persons charged with prostitution and commercialized
vice, males arrested outnumbered females for all types of crime.
However, during the first half of 1941, 9.1 percent (28,450) of the
records represented women. This is an increase over the correspond-
ing period of 1940 when the percentage of women was 8.2.
The number of women arrested and fingerprinted during the first
half of 1941 was 28,450 as compared with 24,362 in the first 6 months of
1940. This is an increase of 4,088 or 16.8 percent. For criminal
homicide the figure increased from 309 in 1940 to 362 in 1941, an
increase of 17.2 percent. Corresponding percentage increases in
other crime classes were as follows: Assault, 22.4; burglary, 20.3;
auto theft, 19.4; forgery and counterfeiting, 17.0; sex offenses other
than rape, 15.7; driving while intoxicated, 38.3; disorderly conduct,
28.3; drunkenness, 35.4; and vagrancy, 27.8. It should be noted
that these figures are limited to persons fingerprinted and therefore
are not necessarily representative of the trends which would be
reflected if data were available concerning the number of women
arrested who were not fingerprinted.
The increase in the number of women arrested as indicated in the
preceding paragraph is possibly significant, because in most crime
classes the increase shown in arrests of women is either contrary to
the trend shown in the arrest figures for men, or the increase in the
number of women arrested is much more pronounced than in the
case of men. To illustrate, female arrests for burglary increased
120
20.3 percent, whereas male arrests for this classification decreased
14.7 percent. In the homicide classification, while female arrests
increased 17.2 percent, male arrests increased only 2.6 percent. The
main exception to the contrasting trends in the number of arrests for
males and females is seen in the figures for drunkenness; here female
arrests increased 35.4 percent and male arrests increased 33.3 percent.
Table 54.— Distribution of arrests by sex, Jan. 1-Jnne 30, 1941
Offense charged
Criminal homicide —
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft -
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc_
Arson -
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children . .
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations —
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Number
Total Male Female
Total 313,204
179
052
004
914
663
757
063
660
537
574
934
sis
152
801
970
537
309
532
356
29
262
3SC
III!)
067
,789
, 586
095
. 0(19
2,817
5,747
16, 359
15, 558
26, 964
6,640
7, 565
1,518
494
3,326
2,934
1,240
4,317
955
2, 854
4, 394
4,363
16, 059
3,290
28
5,132
14, 234
65, 684
23, 202
6,410
25, 208
1,860
15, 602
284, 754
362
305
1,645
356
2,699
117
498
142
43
248
Percent
Total Male Female
3,578
835
846
116
143
946
473
66
1
130
2,152
4,425
2, 865
379
3,378
235
1,467
28, 450
1.0
1.9
5.8
5. 1
9.5
2.2
2.6
.5
.2
1. 1
.9
1.5
1.6
.6
.9
1.4
1.7
5.3
1. 1
(')
1.7
5.2
22.4
8.3
2.2
9.1
.7
5.5
100. 0
1.0
2.0
5.7
5.5
9.5
2.3
2.7
.5
.2
1.2
1.0
.4
1.5
.3
1.0
1.5
1.5
5.6
1.2
(')
1.8
5.0
23. 1
8.1
2.3
8.9
.7
5.5
1.3
1. 1
5.8
1.2
9.5
.4
1.7
.5
.1
.9
12.6
2.9
3.0
.4
.5
3.3
1.7
.2
(')
.5
7.6
15.5
10. 1
1.3
11.9
.8
5.2
' Less than Mo of 1 percent.
121
Age.
In examining the arrest records received during the first half of 1941
it was observed that age 19 predominated in the frequency of arrests
and this age group was followed by ages 21 and 18, respectively.
During the first half of 1940 arrests for age 18 were less frequent than
for ages 22-23.
During 5 of the past 9 years age 19 has predominated in the frequency
of arrests, 1932-34 and 1939-40, as well as the first half of 1941.
Arrests for ages 21, 22, and 23 exceeded arrests for age 19 during
1935-38.
The following tabulation sets forth figures for the groups in which
the largest number of arrests occurred during the first half of 1941:
Age: Number of arrests
19 12, 409
21 11, 833
18 11, 789
20 11,380
22 11,026
During the first 6 months of 1941 persons less than 21 years old
arrested totaled 53,761 which was 17.2 percent of the total arrest
records examined. In addition, there were 43,977 (14.0 percent)
within the ages of 21-24, and 48,717 (15.6 percent) arrested within
the ages of 25-29, making a total of 146,455 (46.8 percent) less
than 30 years of age. (With reference to the ages of persons repre-
sented by fingerprint cards received at the FBI, it should be borne
in mind that the number of arrest records is doubtless incomplete in
the lower age groups because in some jurisdictions the practice is not
to fingerprint youthful individuals.)
122
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123
A largo proportion of the offenses against property arc commit ted
by youths less than 21 years old. This is particularly true with refer-
ence to robberies, burglaries, larcenies, and auto thefts, as indicated
by the following tabulation:
Table 56. — Percentage distribution of arrests by age groups
Age group
All offenses
Criminal
homicide
Robbery
Burglary
Larceny
Auto theft
T'nder 21
17.2
29. 6
26.0
16.7
10.4
.1
12.1
34.7
28.0
15.0
9.9
.3
31.8
12. o
18.9
5.7
1.5
. 1
45.8
31. 1
14.8
5.9
2.3
. 1
32.9
30. 5
20.1
in. »;
5 7
.2
56 9
21-29
■"I <)
30-39
•1 5
40-49
3 0
o
Total
100.0
100. 0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1(H) 0
During the first 6 months of 1941 there were 72,220 persons of all
ages arrested for robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement
and fraud, forgeiy and counterfeiting, receiving stolen property, and
arson. The predominance of youthful persons among those charged
with offenses against property is further indicated by the fact that
24,312 (38.7 percent) of the persons charged with the foregoing crimes
were less than 21 years of age. The corresponding percentage for the
first half of 1940 was 31.9.
During the first half of 1941, 31.2 percent of all persons arrested
were less than 25 years of age. However, persons less than 25 years
old numbered 54.6 of those charged with robbery, 62.8 percent of
those charged with burglary, 48.9 percent of those charged with lar-
ceny, and 74.6 percent of those persons charged with auto theft.
The extent of the participation of youth in the commission of crimes
against property is further indicated by the fact that more than one-
half of all crimes against property were committed by persons under
25 years of age.
124
Table 57. — Number and percentage of arrests of persons under
Jan. 1-June 30, 1941
25 years of age,
Offense charged
Total
number of
persons
arrested
Number
under 21
years of
Total
number
under 25
years of
Percentage
under 21
years of
age
Total per-
centage
under 25
years of
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice..
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children..
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws. ..
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion _
Not stated..
All other offenses
Total.
3,179
6, 052
18, 004
15,914
29, 663
6,757
8,063
1,660
537
3,574
2, 934
4,818
5, 152
1,801
2,970
4,537
5, 309
16, 532
3,356
29
5,262
16,386
70, 109
26, 067
6,789
28, 586
2,095
17,069
386
1.926
2,072
7,293
9, 755
3.842
558
318
82
538
803
386
763
206
512
209
420
631
599
1,064
2,397
2,775
4,501
368
6, 529
288
4. 540
891
3,306
4.877
9,992 I
14, 509
5,041
1,554
562
154
1, 155
1,424
1,648
1,657
565
1, 057
845
1,103
2. 355
1,368
5
2,237
4,948
8,240
8,105
1,067
11,334
585
7, 154
313,204
53, 761
97, 738
12.1
31.8
11.5
45.8
32.9
56.9
6.9
19.2
15.3
15.1
27.4
8.0
14.8
11.4
17.2
4.6
7.9
3.8
17.8
20.2
14.6
4.0
17.3
5.4
22.8
13.7
26.6
28.0
54.6
27.1
62.8
48.9
74.6
19.3
33.9
28.7
32.3
48.5
34.2
32.2
31.4
35.6
18.6
20.8
14.2
40.8
17.2
42.5
30.2
11.8
31.1
15.7
39.6
27.9
41.9
17.2
31.2
Criminal Repeaters.
The figures for the first half of 1941 again indicate the extent of the
serious problem of the criminal repeat er. The current figures show
there were 32 persons arrested for criminal homicide whose records
showed prior convictions of murder or manslaughter. Similarly, the
following tabulation indicates instances of persons charged with crimes
during the first six months of 1941 whose criminal histories contained
prior convictions of the same type of offense:
Robbery 373
Burglary 1, 716
Larceny 2, 976
Autotheft 357
Embezzlement and fraud 542
Forgery and counterfeiting 395
Rape 48
Narcotic drug laws 302
Driving while intoxicated 816
The compilation generally reflects a tendency on the part of recidi-
vists to repeat the same type of offense. This is particularly true with
reference to crimes against property.
Of the 313,204 arrest records examined during the first six months of
this year, 49.7 percent represented individuals who already had
fingerprint cards on file in the Identification Division of the FBI.
125
There were, in addition, 3,050 current records bearing notations rela-
tive to previous criminal activities of persons arrested during the
fiist half of the year although their fingerprints had not been on file
prior to 1941. This makes a total of 158,647 persons arrested during
the first half of 1941 concerning whom there was information on file
dealing with prior criminal activities and the records showed that
108,636 of them had been convicted previously of one or more crimes.
The records of these 108,636 persons revealed a total of 366,680 prior
convictions.
Table 58. — Number of cases -in which fingerprint records show one or more prior
convictions, and the total of prior convictions disclose! by the records, male and
female, Jan. 1-June SO, 1941
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape __
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children _ .
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle la ws_-.
D isorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated .
All other offenses
Total
Number of
records show
ing one or
more prior
convictions
649
2,457
5,327
5,497
9,598
2,003
2,625
421
101
1,407
718
1,683
1,198
795
842
1,016
1,747
3,834
670
7
1,299
5,397
30, 481
11,962
1,445
9.139
700
5,618
108, 636
Number of
prior con-
victions of
major of-
fenses
812
4,287
6, 875
10, 199
19,070
3, 11(1
4,622
661
123
2, 633
944
3,047
1.522
2.013
1. 163
1,035
1.344
3,634
612
4
1,429
5,298
22, 123
12,914
1,804
13, 175
719
7,210
132.382
Number of
prior con-
victions of
minor offenses
630
2, 936
6,340
6,213
14, 855
1.962
2,857
544
125
1,090
701
1,599
1,413
888
1, 111
982
3,234
4, 591
73r,
10
1,621
12, 584
105, 764
34, 636
1,278
15,269
1. 159
9. 171)
234. 298
Total number
of prior con-
victions dis-
closed
1,442
7. 223
13,215
16,412
33, 925
5,072
7.479
1,205
248
3, 723
1,645
4, 646
2,935
2,901
2,274
2,017
1, 578
8,225
1,348
14
3,050
17, 882
127, 887
47,550
3,082
2S.444
1,878
16, 380
366, 680
Race.
Most of the persons represented in this study were members of
the white and Negro races. Excluding Mexicans, who numbered
12,565, members of the white race represent 224,177 of the 313,204
arrest records received, while 72,870 were Negroes, 1,791 Indians, 416
Chinese, 336 Japanese, and 1,049 were representatives of other races.
Inasmuch as whites greatly outnumber Negroes in the general popu-
lation of the United States, it is significant to express the figures repre-
senting whites and Negroes arrested in terms of the number of each
in the general population. According to the 1930 decennial census,
there were, exclusive of those under 15 years of age, 8,041 ,014 Negroes,
13,069,192 foreign-born whites, and 64,365,193 native whites in the
126
United States. (Similar figures based on the 1940 decennial census
are not yet available.)
Of each 100,000 Negroes in the general population of the United
States, 906 were arrested and fingerprinted during the first 6 months
of 1941, whereas the corresponding figure for native whites was 317
and for foreign-born whites 104. The relationship between the three
figures will of course vary considerably for individual types of
violations.
In connection with the foregoing data, it is of some significance to
point out that the figure for native whites includes the immediate
descendants of foreign-born individuals. Persons desiring to make a
thorough study of the comparative amounts of crime committed by
native whites and foreign-born whites should refer to existing compila-
tions showing the number of instances in which offenders are of
foreign or mixed parentage. Such information cannot be presented
here for the reason that fingerprint arrest records do not provide for
the recording of such data.
OFFENSE CLASSIFICATIONS
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in pari J and
part II offenses, there follows a brief definition of each classification:
Part I Offenses.
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent. manslaughter includes all
wilful felonious homicides as distinguished from deaths caused by negligence.
Does not include attempts to kill, assaults to kill, suicides, accidental deaths, or
justifiable homicides. Justifiable homicides excluded from this classification are
limited to the following types of cases: (1) The killing of a felon by a peace officer
in line of duty; (2) the killing of a hold-up man by a private citizen, (b) Man-
slaughter by negligence includes any death which the police investigation estab-
lishes was primarily attributable to gross negligence on the part of some individual
other than the victim.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape (no force used — victim under
age of consent), assault to rape, and attempted rape.
3. Bobbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as strong-arm robbery, stick-ups,
robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by the use of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe-
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or a theft, even though no force
was used to gain entrance. Includes attempted burglary. Burglary followed by
larceny is included in this classification and not counted again as larceny.
6. Larceny — theft (except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value; (b)
under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, thefts of bicycles, automobile accessories,
shoplifting, pocket-picking, or any stealing of property or article of value which
is not taken by force and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement,
"con" games, forgery, worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the so-called joy-riding thefts. Does not include
taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unauthorized use
by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
Part II Offenses.
8. Other assaults. — Includes all assaults and attempted assaults which arc not
of an aggravated nature and which do not belong in class 4.
9. Forgery and counterfeiting. — Includes offenses dealing with the making,
altering, uttering, or possessing, with intent to defraud, anything false which is
made to appear true. Includes attempts.
10. Embezzlement and fraud. — Includes all offenses of fraudulent conversion,
embezzlement, and obtaining money or property by false pretenses.
11. Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing. — Includes buying, receiving,
and possessing stolen property as well as attempts to commit any of those offenses.
12. Treasons; carrying, possessing, etc.- — Includes all violations of regulations
or statutes controlling the carrying, using, possessing, furnishing, and manufactur-
(127)
128
ing of deadly weapons or silencers and all attempts to violate such statutes or
regulations.
13. Prostitution and commercialized vice. — Includes sex offenses of a commercial-
ized nature, or attempts to commit the same, such as prostitution, keeping bawdy
house, procuring, transporting, or detaining women for immoral purposes.
14. Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution and commercialized vice). — In-
cludes offenses against chastity, common decency, morals, and the like. Includes
attempts.
15. Offenses against the family and children. — Includes offenses of nonsupport,
neglect, desertion, or abuse of family and children.
16. Narcotic drug laws. — Includes offenses relating to narcotic drugs, such as
unlawful possession, sale, or use. Exclude Federal offenses.
17. Liquor laws. — With the exception of "Drunkenness" (class 18) and "Driving
while intoxicated" (class 22), liquor law violations, State or local, are placed in
this class. Exclude Federal violations.
18. Drunkenness. — Includes all offenses of drunkenness or intoxication.
19. Disorderly conduct. — Includes all charges of committing a breach of the
peace.
20. Vagrancy. — Includes such offenses as vagabondage, begging, loitering, etc.
21. Gambling. — Includes offenses of promoting, permitting, or engaging in
gambling.
22. Driving while intoxicated. — Includes driving or operating any motor vehicle
while drunk or under the influence of liquor or narcotics.
23. Violation of road and driving laws. — Includes violations of regulations with
respect to the proper handling of a motor vehicle to prevent accidents.
24. Parking violations. — Includes violations of parking ordinances.
25. Other violations of traffic and motor vehicle laws. — Includes violations of
State laws and municipal ordinances with regard to traffic and motor vehicles
not otherwise provided for in classes 22-24.
26. All other offenses. — Includes all violations of State or local laws for which
no provision has been made above in classes 1-25.
27. Suspicion. — This classification includes all persons arrested as suspicious
characters, but not in connection with any specific offense, who are released with-
out formal charges being placed against them.
o
5 h
UNIFORM
CRIME
REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
ISSUED BY THE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
WASHINGTON, D. C
Volume XII Number 3
THIRD QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1941
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume XII — Number 3
THIRD QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1941
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
ADVISORY
International Association of Chiefs of Police
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1941
DOCUMENTS
CONTENTS
Page
Summary of volume XII, No. 3_ 129-130
Classification of offenses 130
Extent of reporting area 131
Monthly reports:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population
(table 59) 132-133
Annual trends, offenses finown to the police, 1940-41 (table 60) 134-136
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to .location
(tables 61, 62) - 137-141
Offenses in individual cities over 100,000 in population (table 63) __ 142-144
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police (table 64) 146
Offenses known in Territories and possessions (table 65) 146
Data from supplementary offense reports (tables 66-68) 147-148
Persons charged, 1940:
Persons charged in individual cities over 25,000 in population (table
69) 149-154
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1941:
Sex distribution of persons arrested (table 70) 156-157
Age distribution of persons arrested (tables 71-73) 157-160
Number with records showing previous convictions (table 74) _ 160-161
Definitions of part I and part II offense classifications 163-164
(ID
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department
of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume XII October 1941 Number 3
SUMMARY
Crime Trends, January-September, 1940-41.
All crimes against the person increased and property crimes except
auto theft decreased during the first 9 months of 1941 as compared
with the same period of last year. Murders increased 7.9 percent and
negligent manslaughters went up 15 percent. Offenses of rape in-
creased 7.2 percent; and other felonious assaults, 5.5 percent.
Although auto thefts showed a 6.6 percent increase, robberies,
burglaries, and larcenies decreased 7.7 percent, 6.1 percent, and 1
percent, respectively.
Distribution of Crimes, 1941.
Generally more crimes per unit of population occur in the larger
cities; however, the murder and aggravated assault rates are highest
in cities with population from 50,000 to 100,000.
Fifty-nine and three-tenths percent of the crimes reported during
January-September 1941, were larcenies. Twenty-one and three-
tenths percent of all the crimes were burglaries, more than half of
which involved stores, warehouses, office buildings, or other nonresi-
dence structures. Eleven and eight-tenths percent of the reported
crimes were auto thefts; 3.1 percent were robberies; and the remaining
4.5 percent were criminal homicides, rapes, and aggravated assaults.
Persons Arrested, 1941.
Of the 479,701 fingerprint arrest records received during the first
9 months of this year, 44,347 represented women. Although this
15 percent increase is probably due in part to an increased tendency on
the part of local agencies to forward the fingerprints of arrested women
to the FBI, the figures show that arrests of women for auto theft,
driving while intoxicated, and disorderly conduct increased 24.3,
28.3, and 31.3 percent, respectively. Females charged with em-
bezzlement and fraud decreased 11.6 percent and those arrested for
narcotic violations declined 35.4 percent.
(129)
130
Age 19 again predominated in the frequency of arrests during
January-September 1941. Youths under 21, according to the records
received, commit 32.4 percent of the robberies, 33.2 percent of the
larcenies, 46.7 percent of the burglaries, and 56.8 percent of the auto
thefts in the United States.
Of the 479,701 persons arrested and fingerprinted during the first
3 quarters of the year 165,086 had previously been convicted of 511,187
crimes.
Persons Arrested 1940, Cities Over 25,000 in Population.
This issue of the bulletin contains a table showing the number of
persons arrested for murder, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary,
larceny, and auto theft during 1940 in individual cities with population
of 25,000 or more.
CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES
The term "offenses known to the police" is designed to include those
crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification occur-
ring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known to the
police through reports of police officers, of citizens, of prosecuting or
court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the following group
of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience to be those
most generally and completely reported to the police: Criminal
homicide, including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and (6)
manslaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated assault;
burglary — breaking or entering; larceny — theft; and auto theft. The
figures contained herein include also the number of attempted crimes
of the designated classes. In other words, an attempted burglary or
robbery, for example, is reported in the bulletin in the same manner as
if the crime had been completed. Attempted murders, however, are
reported as aggravated assaults.
"Offenses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the police depart-
ments of contributing cities, and not merely arrests or cleared cases.
Offenses committed by juveniles are included in the same manner as
those known to have been committed by adults, regardless of the
prosecutive action. Complaints which upon investigation are learned
to be groundless are not included in the tabulations which follow.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out as
current information which may throw some light on problems of
crime and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
In the last section of this bulletin may be found brief definitions
of pari 1 and part II offense classifications.
131
EXTENT OF REPORTING AREA
In the following table there is shown the number of police depart-
ments from which one or more crime reports were received during the
first 9 months of 1941. The cities represented are classed according
to size, and the population figures employed are from the 1940 decen-
nial census.
Population group
Total
number
of cities
or towns
Cities filing returns
Total
population
Population repre-
sented in returns
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
1.077
1,022
94.9
62, 715, 897
61, 782, 663
98.5
1. Cities over 250,000
37
55
107
213
665
37
55
106
209
015
100.0
100.0
99.1
98.1
92.5
30, 195, 339
7, 792, 650
7,343,917
7,417,093
9, 966, 898
30, 195, 339
7, 792, 650
7, 264, 719
7, 258, 022
9,271,933
2. Cities 100,000 to 250,000..
3. Cities 50,000 to 100,000
4. Cities 25,000 to 50,000
5. Cities 10,000 to 25,000
Note.— The above table does not include 1,927 cities, villages, and rural townships aggregating a total
population of 9,731,037. The cities and villages included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 popula-
tion filing returns, whereas the rural townships are of varying population groups.
The growth of the uniform crime reporting area is indicated in the
following tabulation. These figures were compiled for the first 9
months of 1932-41.
Year
Number of
cities
Population
Year
Number of
cities
Population
1932
1933.. _
1,546
1,638
1,727
2,050
2,271
52, 802, 362
62,041,342
62,391,056
64, 012, 959
65, 319, 548
1937
1938
1939
2,358
2,617
2,662
2,668
2,949
65,811,861
1934
67, 735, 765
1935
1936
1940
1941
67,911,590
71,513,700
The additional 281 cities shown in the foregoing comparison for the
first 9 months of 1941 as compared with the corresponding period of
1940 account in part for the increase of 3,602,110 in the total popu-
lation. The total population of the cities represented for the years
prior to 1941 is based on the 1930 decennial census, with the exception
that the 1933 estimates of the Bureau of the Census were used for
cities over 10,000 in population while the 1940 decennial census
figures were used in considering the total number of inhabitants in
the 2,949 cities set forth above.
A total of 4,815 law-enforcement agencies contributed one or more
crime reports during the first 9 months of 1941. This includes 2,949
city and village law-enforcement agencies, 1,844 sheriffs, 9 State
police units, and 13 agencies in Territories and possessions of the
United States.
MONTHLY REPORTS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population.
As a general rule, the highest crime rates are found in the larger
cities. The murder and aggravated assault rates, however, for
cities with population from 50,000 to 100,000 were higher than the
corresponding rates for the cities over 100,000, and similar exceptions
are noted for offenses of manslaughter by negligence and rape.
Table 59 shows the number of offenses and the rate per 100,000 as
reported by 2,109 cities representing a combined population of 64,267,-
531. The data are presented for six groups of cities divided according
to size. This table can be of use in comparing local crime rates with
national averages.
More than half (59.3 percent) of the offenses shown in table 59
were larcenies. Burglaries constitute 21.3 percent of the total; auto
thefts, 11.8 percent; and robberies, 3.1 percent. The remaining
4.5 percent were criminal homicides, rapes, and other felonious
assaults.
(132)
133
Table 59. — Offenses known to the police, January to September, inclusive, 1941,
number and rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
GROUP I
36 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 29,894,166:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP II
55 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,792,650:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
group m
90 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 6,241,303:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
group IV
173 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 6,044,081:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V
505 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 7,676,296:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
1,250 cities under 10,000; total popu-
lation, 6,619,035:
Number of offenses known ....
Rate per 100,000
Total 2,109 cities; total population,
64,207,531:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Criminal
homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Rur-
glnry —
breat
tng or
entei
ing
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
1,328
4.44
'891
3.14
2,649
8.86
14, 652
49.0
11, 699
39.1
2 57, 170
278.8
2153,310
747.6
418
5.36
306
3.93
448
5.75
2,659
34.1
3,488
44.8
23,159
297.2
59, 688
766.0
336
5.38
201
3.22
418
6.70
1,779
28.5
3,209
51.4
15,818
253.4
47, 435
760.0
207
3.42
135
2.23
260
4.30
1,350
22.3
1,846
30.5
13, 566
224.5
43, 380
717.7
214
2.79
128
1.67
441
5.74
1,256
16.4
1,980
25.8
14, 276
186.0
43, 803
570.6
206
3.11
132
1.99
394
5.95
1,021
15.4
1,487
22.5
10, 468
158.1
26,541
401.0
2,709
4.22
• 1, 793
2.86
4,610
7.17
22, 717
35.3
23, 709
36.9
2 134,457
245.0
2 374,157
681.8
Auto
theft
46, 405
155.2
12,378
158.8
8,624
138.2
7,661
126.8
7,299
95.1
4. 752
71.8
87, 119
135. 6
1 The number of offenses and rate for manslaughter by negligence are based on reports as follows: Group I,
35 cities, total population, 28,389,889; groups I-VI, 2,108 cities, total population, 62,703,254.
2 The number of offenses and rate for burglary and larceny — theft are based on reports as follows: Group I,
34 cities, total population, 20,507,837; groups I-VI, 2,107 cities, total population, 54,881,202.
134
Annual Trends, Offenses Known to the Police, 1940-41.
All crimes against the person showed increases during the first 9
months of this year when compared with the same period of 1940.
The same was true of auto thefts.
Most pronounced was the increase in offenses of manslaughter by
negligence, which mounted 15 percent. The monthly crime reports
received show for negligent homicide that although each quarter of
1941 was higher than the corresponding quarter of 1940 there was a
general downward trend during the first half of both years. This
trend continued during the third quarter of 1940 but reversed in the
third quarter of 1941, causing a somewhat unusual increase during
this 3-month period over July-September of 1940. A similar varia-
tion occurred in the number of auto thefts reported during the two
9-month periods. The number of auto thefts reported during Jan-
uary-September of 1941 was 6.6 percent greater than the number
reported during the same period of last year.
Crimes of rape and murder increased 7.2 percent and 7.9 percent,
respectively, this year. Aggravated assaults showed seasonal in-
creases during the second and third quarters of both 1940 and 1941;
however, the seasonal rise was more pronounced this year, resulting
in a 5.5 percent increase for the first 9 months over 1940.
With the exception of auto thefts, property crimes decreased as
follows: Robbery, 7.7 percent; burglary, 6.1 percent; and larceny, 1
percent.
The figures for the first 9 months of 1940 and 1941 reported by 345
cities with more than 25,000 inhabitants, representing a combined
population of 49,010,650 are presented in table 60. The cities are
divided into four groups according to size. The annual crime trends
presented in the preceding paragraphs referred to the tabulation
representing all cities over 25,000 treated as a single group. When
the cities are divided into four groups according to size, the crime
figures reflect annual variations in several of the groups which differ
from those previously described. To illustrate, although the general
murder trend was up, the figures for cities over 250,000 showed a
slight decrease. Similarly, offenses of manslaughter by negligence
and rape showed decreases in cities with population from 25,000 to
50,000, whereas the trend for all cities over 50,000 was to the con-
trary. Robberies in cities between 50,000 and 100,000, in contrast
to the general downward trend, remained substantially the same in
both 1940 and 1941. Although larcenies decreased in the cities over
100,000, these offenses showed increases in the cities with population
less than 100,000.
135
425174°— 41-
136
Table 60. — Annual trends, offenses known to the police, cities over 25,000 in -popula-
tion, January to September, inclusive, 19^0-1+1
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminal
homicide
Population group
35 cities over 250,000: total popula-
tion, 29,222,507:
January to March 1940
January to March 1941
April to June 1940
April to June 1941. .
July to September 1940.
July to September 1941
January to September 1940. .
January to September 1941 . .
GROUP II
55 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,792,650:
January to March 1940
January to March 1941 _ .
April to June 1940
April to June 1941
July to September 1940. ..
July to September 1941 .
January to September 1940
January to September 1941
GROUP III
88 cities, 50,000 to 100.000; total pop-
ulation, 6,129,549:
January to March 1940
January to March 1941
April to June 1940
April to June 1941
July to September 1940
July to September 1941
January to September 1940
January to September 1941
GROUP IV
167 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total pop-
ulation, 5,865,944:
January to March 1940
January to March 1941
April to June 1940
April to June 1941
July to September 1940. ..
July to September 1941
January to September 1940
January to September 1941. ..
GROUPS I-IV
345 cities; total population, 49,010,-
650:
January to March 1940
January to March 1941
April to June 1940. . .
April to June 1941
July to September 1940.
July to September 1941.
January to September 1940
January to September 1941
Murder,
non neg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
372
397
470
431
486
481
1,328
1,309
111
130
118
127
140
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
i 186
i 206
i 162
i 187
1 153
i 208
' 501
i 601
106
106
84
83
72
Rape
161
369
117
262
418
306
65
62
115
80
73
68
101
67
117
44
115
47
255
174
331
194
45
56
69
46
57
41
80
49
40
39
52
38
142
136
201
133
593
i 410
711
' 438
718
J 355
739
'386
783
'308
809
"410
2,094
i 1, 073
2, 259
i 1, 234
786
857
827
847
836
908
2, 449
2,612
123
121
140
166
152
161
415
448
85
126
124
131
128
157
337
414
84
71
77
75
116
109
277
255
1,078
1,175
1,168
1,219
1,232
1,335
3,478
3,729
Rob-
bery
5. 882
5.508
4.967
4.287
4,738
4,448
15, 587
14, 243
1, 183
1.015
927
772
834
872
2,944
2. 659
593
670
550
519
585
542
1,728
1,731
476
447
334
382
457
414
1,267
1,243
8,134
7,640
6,778
5,960
6,614
6,276
21, 526
19, 876
Aggra-
vated
assault
3,139
3,095
3, 85fi
3, 961
4,010
4,371
11,005
11,427
887
987
1,016
1,147
1.212
1,354
3,115
3,488
856
909
1,101
1,103
1,121
1,182
3,078
3,194
485
488
536
622
614
652
1,635
1,762
5,367
5,479
6,509
6,833
6,957
7, 559
18, 833
19,871
Bur-
glary—
Lar-
break-
ceny—
ing or
theft
enter-
ing
2 20. 391
2 19, 508
2 18,952
2 1'7, 126
2 18, 807
2 17,884
2 58,150
2 54, 518
8, 134
8,176
7,987
7,301
8,233
7,682
24, 354
23, 159
5, 756
5,391
5, 519
4,986
5,499
5,068
16, 774
15,445
4,486
4.331
4,485
4,261
4.927
4,511
13, 898
13, 103
2 38, 767
2 37, 406
2 36, 943
2 33, 674
2 37, 466
2 35, 145
2 113, 176
2 106, 225
2 48, 475
2 49. 882
> 51.507
2 49, 857
2 53, 926
2 51,374
153, 908
•151, 113
19, 993
19, 587
20, 280
19, 833
20,900
20, 268
61. 173
59, 688
14,675
14, 969
15,656
15,389
15,624
16. 082
45, 955
46. 440
12. 731
13. 040
14. 186
14. 278
14,347
14, 662
41,264
41, 980
2 95. 874
2 97. 478
2 101, 629
99, 357
2 104. 797
2 102, 386
2 302, 300
2 299, 221
1 The number of offenses of manslaughter is based on reports as follows: Group I, 33 cities, total popula-
tion, 20,263,235: groups I-IV, 343 cities, total population, 40,051,378.
■ The number of offenses of burglary and larceny — theft is based on reports as follows: Group I, 33 cities,
total population, 19,836,178; groups I-IV, 343 cities, total population, 39,624,321.
137
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location.
As an aid to persons making st udies of crime conditions in individual
communities the crime rates (number of offenses committed per
100,000 inhabitants) presented in table 59 as national averages have
been subdivided to show the information for individual geographic
divisions. The crime rates for cities grouped not only according to
size but also by location are presented in table 62.
A list of some of the factors affecting the extent of crime in a
community may be found in the comments immediately preceding
table 63. Differences in the crime rates throughout the country
are only to be expected, inasmuch as crime is affected by many
factors which vary greatly in force and extent among the different
sections of the country. The illustrations on pages 139, 141, and 145
graphically present for offenses of robbery, burglary, and auto theft
the variation in the frequency of crime phenomena among the nine
geographic divisions.
In table 61 there is listed the number of police departments whose
reports were used in preparing the rates for each of the subgroups in
tables 59 and 62.
Table 61. — Number of cities included in the tabulation of uniform crime reports,
January to September, inclusive, 19/tl
[Population fipure
3 based on 1940 d
scennial
census]
Population
Division
Group
I
< hroup
II
Group
III
( Jroup
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
Total
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250.000
50.000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10.000
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England: 1(37 cities; total population,
5,440.701.
Middle Atlantic: 495 cities; total population,
18,684,504
2
6
8
4
3
3
4
1
5
10
11
10
5
7
3
3
1
5
11
18
19
7
16
4
6
2
24
31
53
11
17
5
10
7
15
63
119
111
57
42
17
34
20
42
57
310
324
170
104
41
70
til
113
167
495
East North Central: 525 cities; total popula-
tion, 16,008. 272_
West North Central: 254 cities; total popula-
tion, 5,251,308 ..
South Atlantic: " 189 cities; total population,
5,584,735 .
East South Central: 73 cities; total popula-
tion, 2,200,350
73
West South Central: 127 cities; total popula-
tion, 3,622,005
127
Mountain: 92 cities; total population,
1,448,232
99
Pacific: 187 cities; total population, 6,027,424 .
is:
Total: 2,109 cities; total population,
64,267,531
36
55 on
173
505
1, 250
1 Includes report of District of Columbia.
138
In order that the information may be readily available, there are
listed below the States included in the nine geographic divisions.
States Divided by Geographic Division
New England:
Connecticut.
Maine.
Massachusetts.
New Hampshire.
Rhode Island.
Vermont.
West North Central:
Iowa.
Kansas.
Minnesota.
Missouri.
Nebraska.
North Dakota.
South Dakota.
West South Central:
Arkansas.
Louisiana.
Oklahoma.
Texas.
Middle Atlantic:
New Jersey.
New York.
Pennsylvania.
South Atlantic:
Delaware.
District of Columbia.
Florida.
Georgia.
Maryland.
North Carolina.
South Carolina.
Virginia.
West Virginia.
Mountain:
Arizona.
Colorado.
Idaho.
Montana.
Nevada.
New Mexico.
Utah.
Wyoming.
East North Central:
Illinois.
Indiana.
Michigan.
Ohio.
Wisconsin.
East South Central:
Alabama.
Kentucky.
Mississippi.
Tennessee.
Pacific:
California.
Oregon.
Washington.
139
140
Table 62. — Number of offenses known to the police per 100,000 inhabitants, Janu-
ary to September, inclusive, 1941, by geographic divisions and population groups
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
Geographic division and population
group
New England:
Group I...
Group II..
Group III.
Group IV..
Group V...
Group VI..
Total, groups I-VI.
Middle Atlantic:
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI.
East North Central:
Group I__
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI.
West North Central:
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI.
South Atlantic: 3
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI_
East South Central:
Group 1
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI....
Total, groups I-VI.
West South Central:
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI...
Total, groups I-VI.
Mountain:
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V.
Group VI
Total, groups I-VI.
Pacific:
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI...
Total, groups I-VI.
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
1.17
1.18
.85
1.49
.81
2.18
1.18
2.84
1.25
2.17
.93
1.31
2. 25
4.45
3.84
2.65
1.80
1.31
1.40
3.27
4.26
3.19
1.45
1.63
1.44
1.06
2.70
10. 19
15.43
15.52
13.72
11.76
12.46
11.82
24.07
14.24
6.96
12.86
21.30
15.04
11.91
6.68
8.19
8.50
6.20
11.80
9.55
1.55
.67
10.21
3.66
1.74
3.69
3.04
2.89
2. 13
2.26
2.66
.85
1.25
2. 36
Robbery
17.8
10.5
8.3
6.8
3.7
4.9
9.3
19.6
13.3
17.7
10.3
10.5
8.9
16.6
83.0
39.6
28.2
21.2
22.1
15.4
53.5
32.5
23.9
13.3
19.0
11.9
10.1
21.
56.9
69.5
49.0
50.5
22.2
24.6
50.2
89.5
45.4
42.0
33.0
24.5
27.9
57.6
35.0
57.4
41.9
39.0
24.6
22.8
36.
57.7
32.7
63.8
27.2
19.5
28.3
36.3
80.6
47.1
34.5
31.5
28.4
22.9
Aggra-
vated
assault
13.2
10.2
6.7
4.1
5.0
5.2
8.0
29.6
25.4
24.6
19.5
15.3
8.6
25.1
35.0
36.5
28.4
12.0
10.9
7.0
26.4
25.9
19.0
7.0
4. 1
11.0
5.2
16.0
71.4
112.4
159. 3
149.9
144.7
110.3
115. 1
181. li
153.5
107.5
107.8
58.7
128.3
142. 1
70.5
76.5
92.6
60.7
48.8
34.3
66.3
14.9
12.7
23.0
14.6
9.0
30.5
17.6
30.6
18.4
10.5
9.2
6.9
16.4
22.0
Burglary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
108.2
290.8
204.6
189.4
139.4
143. 3
9.5
' 229. 3
174.4
172.4
159.6
142.5
102.2
2 165. 1
238.6
2611.4
222. 1
203. 1
L82. 7
151.7
219.9
230. 3
218.0
216.4
198.2
163 8
133. 5
19s. S
285. 4
441.6
316.8
327. 4
227. 6
225.2
311.9
438.0
369.2
363.8
291.0
215. 3
149.6
351.4
349.5
384.4
376. 1
249.4
269. 5
177. 5
319. 2
326. 9
346.2
335.1
295.7
281.9
227.3
293. 0
413.5
396.0
336. 5
331.1
269.7
262.0
Lar-
ceny—
theft
248.3
555.2
471.4
451.4
317.5
277.1
405. 9
■ 361.9
358.8
417.0
376.9
330. 7
232. 9
2 341.6
673. 9
809.5
695.8
648.4
548 '.1
307.4
632. 8
628. 7
617.3
800.6
733. 0
696.1
336. 1
613.6
825. 5
1. 141.6
1.023.3
1,017.5
675.6
467.8
890. 2
840.7
822. 3
729.7
840.6
608.7
262.2
741.3
1. 027. 2
1. 168. 9
1,074.4
1,014.2
698.1
438.7
944.
999.3
1.155.8
1, 180. 5
1,376.3
1, 338. 9
770.5
1. 110.3
1, 196. 9
1. 113.2
1. 332. 9
1, 256. 7
1, 044. 5
1,018.2
368.3 I 1, 169.0
1 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on reports of 4 cities.
' The rates for burglary and larceny are based on reports of 493 cities.
3 Includes the District of Columbia.
141
142
Offenses in Individual Cities With More Than 100,000 Inhabitants.
The number of offenses committed during the period of July-
September 1941, is shown in table 63. The compilation includes the
reports received from police departments in cities with more than
100,000 inhabitants. Such data are included here in order that inter-
ested individuals and organizations may have readily available up-to-
date information concerning the amount of crime committed in their
communities. Police administrators and other interested individuals
will probably find it desirable to compare the crime rates of their cities
with the average rates shown in tables 59 and 62 of this publication.
In order to determine whether crime has increased or decreased in
individual communities reference should be made to tables in prior
issues of the bulletin showing offenses committed in individual cities.
Caution must be exercised in comparing crime data for individual
cities, because differences in the figures may be due to a variety of
factors. The number of crimes committed in a community is a reflec-
tion against the entire community and not essentially chargeable to
the police. The following factors contribute to the extent of crime
in a community.
Population of the city and metropolitan area adjacent thereto.
The composition of the population with reference particularly
to age, sex, and race.
The economic status and activities of the population.
Climate.
Educational, recreational, and religious facilities.
The number of police employees per unit of population.
The standards governing appointments to the police force.
The policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts.
The attitude of the public toward law-enforcement problems.
The degree of efficiency of the local law-enforcement agency.
In comparing crime rates it is always more important to determine
whether the figures for a given community show increases or decreases
in the amount of crime committed than to ascertain whether the
figures are above or below those of some other community.
143
Table 63. — Number of offenses known to the police, July to September, inclusive,
1941, cities over 100,000 in population
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
City
Akron, Ohio
Albany, N. Y....
Atlanta, Oa
Baltimore, Md__
Birminghain, Ala.
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, Conn
Buffalo, N. Y
Cambridge, Mass.
Camden, N. J...
Canton, Ohio, _ ...
Charlotte, N. C __
Chattanooga, Tenn.
Chicago, 111...
Cincinnati, Ohio. ..
Cleveland, Ohio.
Columbus, Ohio
Dallas, Tex
Dayton, Ohio...
Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa-
Detroit, Mich
Duluth, Minn
Elizabeth, N.J...
Erie, Pa
Fall River, Mass.
Flint, Mich
Fort Wavne, Ind.
Fort Worth, Tex.
Gary, Ind
Grand Rapids, Mich-
Hartford, Conn
Honolulu, Hawaii
Houston, Tex
Indianapolis, Ind
Jacksonville, Fla...
Jersey City, N. J__.
Kansas City, Kans.
Kansas City, Mo
Knoxville, Tenn
Long Beach, Calif
Los Angeles, Calif.
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Memphis, Tenn
Miami, Fla
Milwaukee, Wis. ..
Minneapolis, Minn.
Nashville, Tenn
Newark, N.J
New Bedford, Mass.
Xew Haven. Conn
New Orleans, La
New York, N. Y.»...
Norfolk, Va
Oakland, Calif...
Oklahoma City, Okla
Omaha, Nebr
Paterson, N. J
Peoria, 111
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
(')
Robbery
77
108
54
49
4
14
4
16
17
17
24
1,025
124
115
66
37
22
59
(123
3
Aggra-
vated
assault
(')
24
451
154
2
61
43
13
33
38
59
2
4
29
350
60
43
24
6
7
19
37
11
103
295
168
38
1
53
3
18
14
102
45
463
81
27
24
107
23
19
10
461
(')
1
6
2
44
11
33
55
3
35
1
48
17
81
12
9
77
8
175
216
5
219
64
11
8
77
90
1
6
119
772
43
27
55
15
61
15
Burg-
lary—
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
204
39
559
574
371
200
109
94
70
37
109
96
176
2,578
396
357
468
446
97
407
141
1,557
34
91
89
209
162
140
252
129
141
201
292
888
r,7'.'
153
126
74
294
2, 155
590
50
247
302
183
309
258
396
145
152
102
2,130
257
282
170
143
90
95
$50 and
over
75
18
144
200
80
155
71
69
14
22
29
40
23
,088
180
76
133
34
26
92
14
369
34
25
21
20
55
32
25
42
26
51
79
85
35
32
54
62
48
1, 127
131
22
106
59
85
94
50
158
40
65
129
(3)
Under
$50
509
115
1,040
1,548
474
474
436
441
129
264
318
301
3, 328
1,256
2, 580
725
1.563
537
1,003
310
6.452
280
157
181
126
441
498
629
368
559
493
466
1,662
619
0)
753
)
251
761
203
502
6,475
1, 103
88
642
307
1, 210
903
399
785
275
290
316
3, 863
854
548
221
71
192
Auto
theft
94
32
325
807
148
869
90
I :is
69
83
65
64
89
816
201
14*
154
128
115
174
73
943
39
36
78
46
65
92
51
63
100
137
2.59
412
35
115
92
159
1.920
372
24
62
56
169
249
12.r.
443
37
82
277
2, 882
208
159
70
62
113
79
See footnotes at end of table.
425174°— 41— 3
144
Table 63.- Number of offenses known to the police, July to Septembei
1941. cities over 100,000 in population — Continued
inclusive.
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
\ ated
assault
Burg-
lary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
Auto
theft
City
$50 and
over
Under
$50
29
9
3
1
3
9
1
130
136
92
2
4
27
3
39
79
16
27
25
16
116
5
66
4
18
13
4
1
17
7
62
18
35
2
113
16
8
4
35
208
107
16
14
7
105
9
19
204
6
5
108
5
84
10
25
658
823
438
179
87
244
85
134
879
199
164
258
180
555
57
564
98
84
104
102
95
122
98
320
162
250
39
542
71
93
228
52
ISO
246
134
181
43
13
102
29
32
C)
42
56
51
99
136
28
125
5
31
16
29
21
36
32
98
27
43
12
249
6
44
29
10
494
731
950
173
1 52
604
477
1.714
571
454
632
824
1.355
105
960
88
340
365
236
301
273
283
686
258
501
175
2, 045
325
334
262
82
364
725
Pittsburgh, Pa
615
186
183
32
178
52
82
St. Louis. Mo
31 Paul, Minn . --
17
2
1
6
4
3
289
60
Sail Lake ('it v. I'tah
86
86
San Diego, Calif
208
611
35
6
2
345
33
South Rend, Ind
5
13
7
2
3
22
29
37
81
69
69
63
89
Tacoma. Wash _._
109
Tampa, Fla _ . ._.
2
6
34
Toledo, Ohio
128
77
Tulsa, Okla
2
84
Titica. N. Y
20
Washington, D. C .
17
1
5
118
15
13
5
2
32
594
is
54
Worcester, Mass ___ _ . .
78
99
4
147
1 Complete data not received.
2 Figures include offenses committed by juveniles; this is in accord with the uniform reporting procedure
followed by other cities.
3 Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
145
146
Offenses Known to Sheriffs, State Police, and Other Rural Officers, 1941.
All the foregoing data are based on monthly crime reports received
from law-enforcement agencies policing urban areas (incorporated
places with 2,500 or more inhabitants). Comprehensive data regard-
ing rural crimes are not yet available, but the current information on
hand is shown in table 64, which is based on the reports from 1,102
sheriffs, 95 police agencies in rural villages, and 8 State police
organizations.
Table 64. — Offenses known, January to September, inclusive, 1941, as reported by
1 ,102 sheriffs, 8 State police organizations, and 95 village officers
Criminal homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Bur-
Larceny
—theft
Murder
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Auto
theft
1,030
922
1,904
2,581
5. 310
19,920
35,850
7.694
Offenses Known in Territories and Possessions of the United States.
The available data concerning crimes committed in the Territories
and possessions of the United States are presented in table 65. The
tabulation is based on reports received from the first and third judicial
divisions of Alaska; Honolulu City and the counties of Honolulu,
Kauai, and Maui in the Territory of Hawaii; and the Isthmus of
Panama, C. Z. The tabulation is based on the number of offenses
known to law enforcement officials of both urban and rural areas, with
the exception that the data for Honolulu City have been segregated
from the figures for Honolulu County.
Table 65. — Number of offenses known in United States Territories and possessions,
January to September, inclusive, 1941
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Murder
non neg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Larceny —
theft
Auto
Jurisdiction reporting
Over
$50
Under
$50
theft
Alaska:
First judicial division (Juneau), popu-
lation, 25,241; number of offenses
2
4
6
. 3
1
1
1
19
3
7
9
8
20
8
3
10
14
8
6
8.10
158
20
84
59
14
9
196
19
6
43
24
14
1. 556
147
13
132
594
Third judicial division (Valdez), popu-
lation, 19,312; number of offenses
o
Hawaii:
Honolulu City, population, 179,358;
number of offenses known.
Honolulu County, population, 78,898;
number of offenses known
Kauai County, population, 35,818;
number of offenses known
Maui County, population, 55,534;
305
66
2
6
Isthmus of Panama:
Canal Zone, population, 51,827; num-
96
147
Data From Supplementary Offense Reports.
During January-September of this year 47,161 burglaries were
committed in 58 cities over 100,000. The majority (75.7 percent) of
these offenses were committed during the night; however, the propor-
tion of burglaries committed after dark varies noticeably according to the
type of building- involved. Only 62 percent of the burglaries of homes
were perpetrated during; the night while 88.2 percent of the nonresi-
dence burglaries were committed after nightfall. More than half (52.5
percent) of all burglaries involved some type of nonresidence structure.
In these 58 larger cities 9,630 robberies were perpetrated during the
first 9 months of the year. The majority (59.9 percent) of these were
classified as highway robbery. Eight and one-half percent of the
robberies involved oil stations and 25.6 percent were committed in
some other type of commercial establishment. The remaining 6 per-
cent were residence and miscellaneous robberies.
In analyzing the 114,240 larcenies, unaccompanied by the elements
of robbery or burglary, committed in the foregoing 58 cities, it was
found that only 11 percent of them involved property valued at more
than $50. Sixty-five and two-tenths percent of the larcenies fell
within the $5 to $50 group, and the remaining 23.8 percent of the
thefts each involved property valued at less than $5. Automobile
accessories stolen constituted 13.5 percent of the larcenies, and other
types of personal property such as cameras and clothing stolen from
automobiles made up 18.8 percent of the total. The crime reports
showed that stolen bicycles constituted 17.3 percent of the thefts
committed. Thus, property stolen from automobiles and bicycle
thefts make up nearly half of all the larcenies. An analysis of the
supplementary offense reports received during the first 9 months of
1941 from the foregoing 58 cities with a combined population of
19,277,395 is presented in table 66.
Table 66. — Number of known offenses with divisions as to the nature of the criminal
act, time and place of commission, and value of property stolen, January to Sep-
tember, inclusive, 1941; 58 cities over 100,000 in population
[Total population 19,277,395, based on 1940 decennial census]
Classification
Number
of actual
offenses
Classification
Number
of actual
offenses
Rape:
Forcible
Statutory
Total
Robbery:
079
554
1,233
Larceny — Theft (except auto theft)
(grouped according to value of article
stolen) :
Over $50
$5 to $50
12, 583
74.471
5, 772
2.349
817
114
324
6
248
9, 630
Under $5
27, 186
Commercial house. .
Total
Larceny— Theft (grouped as to type of
offense) :
1 14, 240
Bank
Miscellaneous..-
Total
Burglary— Breaking or entering:
Residence (dwelling):
Purse-snatching - -
.Shoplifting
Thefts from autos (exclusive of auto
accessories) '.
3, 450
3, 527
13,891
8,528
21, 830
2,912
15,450
Committed during night
19,756
Committed during day
All other. -
49, 057
Nonresidence (store, office, etc.):
Committed during night
Total
114,240
Total-..
47, 161
148
There were 26,122 automobiles stolen during the first 3 quarters of
this year in the 58 cities referred to in table 66 and during this same
period the police departments in these cities recovered 24,726 auto-
mobiles or 94.7 percent of those stolen as indicated in table 67.
Table <>7. Recoveries of stolen automobiles, January to September, inclusive, lu',1 :
58 cities over 100,000 in population
[Total population, 19,277,395, 1>:isim| on 1940 decennial census]
Number of automobiles stolen. _ . 26, 122
Number of automobiles recovered 24, 726
Percentage recovered 94. 7
Excluding automobiles, 20. <X percent of the $7,206,965.43 represented
in property stolen during the first 9 months of the year was recovered
by police according to the supplementary offense reports received from
the 58 cities represented in table 68. Including automobiles, property
stolen in these cities was valued at $19,203,305.14, of which 68 percent
was recovered .
Table 68.- Value of property stolen and value of property recovered with divisions ot-
to type of property involved, January to September, inclusive, 1941: 58 cities over
100,000 in population
[Total population, 19,277,395, based on 1940 decennial census]
Type of property
Currency, notes, etc _
Jewelry and precious metals
Furs
< Nothing.
Locally stolen automobiles.
Miscellaneous
Total-
Value of prop- Value of prop-
erty stolen erty recovered
$2. 093, 358. f.9
1,803, 176. 19
246,695. 11
774, 972. 46
11, 996, 339. 71
2. 288, 762. 68
19, 203, 305. 14
Percent
recovered
$205,781.87
318, 022. 37
29, 158. 98
167, 986. 45
11,564,035.34
748, 987. 72
13, 063, 972. 73
9.8
19.3
11.8
21. 7
96. 1
32.7
68.0
PERSONS CHARGED, 1940
Persons Charged (Held for Prosecution) , 1940, in Individual Cities With
More Than 25,000 Inhabitants.
The number of persons arrested in a community and charged with
crimes should not be used as an index to the number of offenses com-
mitted, since one person may be arrested for the commission of several
crimes, and on the other hand several persons may be arrested for the
commission of one offense. Likewise many offenses for which no
arrests are made are reported to the authorities. The charge placed
against an arrested person does not always indicate the type of offense
committed since various circumstances sometimes cause local author-
ities to formally charge an offender with a crime less serious than the
one for which he was arrested.
The number of offenses of murder, robbery, aggravated assault,
burglary, larceny, and auto theft committed during 1940 in individual
cities with population in excess of 25,000 is presented in volume XI,
No. 4, table 83 of this publication. As a result of the police investiga-
tion of these reported offenses many persons are arrested and held
for prosecution, and such arrest data are presented in table 69 of this
issue.
The data concerning persons arrested shown in table 69 are based
on annual crime reports received for 1940 from the police departments
in the cities listed. Urban communities over 25,000 in population
which are not listed in table 69 either failed to forward an annual arrest
report to the FBI, or indicated the report forwarded was incomplete.
Persons interested in the figures for an individual city will probably
desire also to examine the data presented on pages 25-61 of volume
XII, No. 1 of this bulletin which includes national and regional aver-
ages for 1940, with subdivisions by size of city.
(149)
150
Table 69. Number of persons charged (heldfor prosecution), January to December,
inclusive, 1940, cities over 25,000 in population
(Based on 1940 decennial census]
City
Akron, Ohio
Alameda, Calif
Albany, N. Y
Albuquerque, N. Mex.C
Alexandria, La
Alexandria, Va.
Aliquippa, Pa_.
Allentown, Pa_.
Altoona, Pa
Amarillo, Tex.2_
Amsterdam, N. V.-'
Ann Arbor, Mich_—
Appleton, Wis.3
Arlington, Mass
Atlanta, Ga
Atlantic city, N. J.
Auburn, N.Y.i 2__
Augusta, Ga.1
Austin, Tex
Bakersfield. Calif
Baltimore, Md
Bangor, Maine
Battle Creek, Mich.
Bay City, Mich.2___
Beaumont, Tex.2
Belleville, 111
Belleville, N.J...
Bellingham, Wash
Belmont, Mass
Beloit, Wis
Belvedere Twp., Calif-
Berkeley, Calif- -
Berwyn, 111
Beverly, Mass
Beverly Hills, Calif . .
Binghamton, N. Y.
Bloomington, Hl.3„
Boise, Idaho
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, Conn
Brockton, Mass.-
Brookline, Mass..
Buffalo, N. Y
Burlington, Vt
Cambridge, Mass.
Camden, N. J
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Central Falls, R. I-..
Charleston, S. C
Charleston, W. Va.2.
Chelsea, Mass
Chester, Pa
Chicago, 111. 3
Chicopee, Mass.2-
Cicero, 111.2
Cincinnati. Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland Heights, Ohio.
Clitton, N.J
Clinton. Iowa
Murder,
non-
negligent
man-
slaughter
11
204
Robbery
1 19
30
29
14
3
410
fi
8
1
17
404
4
2
7
59
36
32
5
2
34
56
3
18
1,201
233
235
3
4
1
vated
assault
4
10
1
16S
4
141
18
72
1
174
197
30
1,108
3
2
155
72
1
5
Burglary —
breaking
or entering
222
22
74
17
14
30
18
18
64
17
5
11
6
9
510
72
3
200
124
17
Lar-
ceny-
theft
896
1,936
27
105
25
54
14
56
44
55
6
9
15
11
12
24
29
9
3
27
51
22
38
63
13
50
20
17
158
41
46
151
5
1
11
23
1,568
2,354
63
113
43
67
20
90
322
945
23
28
188
350
150
330
17
135
13
35
161
290
136
378
46
96
83
150
898
3, 276
9
18
9
19
521
1,266
588
773
9
18
16
/
10
34
Auto
theft
326
20
71
279
71
177
64
45
47
86
25
30
20
29
1, 407
169
26
344
362
See footnotes at end of table.
151
Table 69. — Number of persons charged (held for prosecution) , January to December,
inclusive, 1940, cities over 25,000 in population — Continued
City
Colorado Springs, Colo.
Columbia, S. C
Columbus. Ga.i 2
Columbus. Ohio2
Concord, N. H
Council Bluffs, Iowa2-
Covington, Ky
Cranston, R. I
Cumberland, Md
Dallas, Tex
Danville, 111
I >a\ enport, Iowa-
Dayton, Ohio
Dearborn, Mich..
Decatur, 111.'
Denver, Colo.3
Des Moines, Iowa.
Detroit, Mich.3
Dubuque, Iowa —
Duluth, Minn
Durham. N. C.i 2
East Cleveland, Ohio_
East Providence, R. I.
East St. Louis, 111.3.-.
Eau Claire, Wis
Elgin, 111
Elizabeth. N. J.
Elkhart, Ind -..
Elmira, N. Y_-_
El Paso, Tex...
Elvria, Ohio 2
Erie, Pa
Evansville, Ind__.
Everett, Wash.2..
Fall River, Mass.
Fargo, N. Dak
Fitehburg, Mass...
Flint, Mich
Fond du Lac, Wis.
Fort Smith, Ark...
Fort Worth, Tex.3.
Fresno, Calif
Gadsden, Ala
Garfield, N. J.»_--
Gary, Ind
Glendale, Calif
Grand Rapids, Mich-
Green Bay, Wis
Greensboro, N. C.a__
Greenville, S. C>
Hackensack, N. J.a.
Hagerstown, Md__.
Flamilton, Ohio
Hammond, Ind
Hamtramck, Mich.
Harrisburg, Pa.2
Hartford, Conn
Hazelton, Pa
Highland Park, Mich.
High Point, N. C
Murder,
non-
negligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
2
5
49
59
11
81
18
334
3
1
Aggra-
vated
assault
208
6
40
17
20
17
33
217
2
110
1
1
14
1
2
35
18
24
28
6
5
15
4
22
70
4
13
228
Burglary —
breaking
or entering
30
81
53
153
9
143
38
20
31
279
21
15
321
85
64
136
100
388
14
22
59
6
8
65
31
22
37
5
19
70
4
66
108
7
85
23
29
141
14
35
240
50
19
16
70
67
62
14
139
58
34
11
24
25
12
80
82
29
47
116
Lar-
ceny-
theft
47
211
154
503
33
15
21
55
36
1. 103
32
94
590
198
103
581
265
950
108
206
29
196
62
45
79
17
14
97
304
49
95
34
41
118
34
134
595
124
91
11
220
60
249
89
288
301
21
90
85
59
66
85
255
36
52
201
See footnotes at end of table.
152
Table 69. — Number of persons charged (held for prosecution), January to December ,
inclusive, 1940, cities over 25,000 in population — Continued
City
Houston, Tex...
Hutchinson, Kans
Indianapolis, Ind . _
Irvington, N. J
Jackson, Mich
Jackson, Miss
Jacksonville, Fla...
Jersey City, N. J. K
Joliet, 111.3
Kansas City, Mo__
Kenosha, Wis
Kingston, N. Y__.
Knoxville, Tenn.2.
Kokomo, Ind
La Crosse, Wis
La Fayette, Ind.
Lakewood, Ohio.
Lancaster, Pa.3.-
Lansing, Mich...
Laredo, Tex
Lawrence, Mass__.
Lebanon, Pa
Lewiston, Maine 3.
Lincoln, Nebr.3
Little Rock, Ark.'.
Long Beach, Calif.3
Lorain, Ohio '
Louisville, Ky.1
Lowell, Mass
Lower Merion Township, Pa.
Lubbock, Tex
Lynchburg, Va.2.-.
Lynn, Mass
Madison, Wis.3
Manchester, N. H.
Mansfield, Ohio
Marion, Ind.2
Marion, Ohio '
Mason City, Iowa_
Maywood, 111
Medford, Mass
Melrose, Mass
Memphis, Tenn
Meriden, Conn
Michigan City, Ind.1.
Middletown, Conn.
Middletown, Ohio..
Milwaukee, Wis.1--.
Minneapolis, Minn.
Mishawaka, Ind
Moline, 111
Monroe, La
Montclair, N.J.2
Montgomery, Ala.2...
Mount Vernon, N. Y.
Muncie, Ind.3
Nashua, N. H
New Albany, Ind
Newark, N. J
New Bedford, Mass,
Murder,
non-
negligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
206
3
106
7
4
7
93
19
158
1
22
5
1
1
3
113
11
Aggra-
vated
assault
268
115
2
9
121
151
62
5
172
3
188
1
3
1
2
6
13
6
891
2
2
12
41
8
2
5
4
1
2
3
1
L67
3
8
1
3
6
242
9
Burglary-
breaking
or entering
548
19
38
35
256
55
22
324
9
3
146
46
33
31
39
29
15
160
86
19
1,114
47
34
37
20
76
23
32
19
12
29
15
11
50
2
195
12
6
13
7
459
191
6
20
17
112
29
26
5
8
338
90
Lar-
ceny—
theft
1, 545
1
1,261
89
105
215
679
55
50
1,107
120
29
299
95
124
63
19
46
50
6
58
26
58
69
343
152
14
2,048
92
51
199
85
71
71
116
71
28
97
78
12
1 54
9
749
24
38
18
64
1,432
653
32
50
148
24
310
10
57
19
48
585
114
See footnotes at end of table.
153
Table 69. — Number of persons charged (held for prosecution), January to December,
inclusive, 1940, cities over 25,000 in population — Continued
City
Murder,
niiii-
aegligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
A ggra-
vated
assault
Burglary —
breaking
or entering
Lar-
ceny
theft
Auto
theft
4
9
(i
254
22
39
3
23
125
12
1
1
14
1
6
142
10
17
18
62
27
264
34
35
52
37
161
20
4
13
170
9
52
163
04
55
30
53
9
26
116
90
93
38
2,183
18
14
24
15
28
118
128
17
75
18
20
16
17
286
20
1
138
36
10
6
86
24
34
282
147
85
32
14
15
129
52
66
420
59
161
71
L.040
01
43
54
01
178
30
23
9
576
47
134
646
313
163
29
86
50
45
232
09
232
157
1,260
26
40
123
90
95
041
302
52
217
00
109
00
47
881
31
31
280
131
25
9
371
52
02
741
537
201
90
44
71
552
117
258
918
9
N'ew Haven, Conn.2..-
3
17
2
104
34
4
62
8
New Orleans, La.3 .
48
8
3
87
19
New Rochelle, N. Y
17
29
Niagara Falls, N. Y.2
Norfolk, Va.2
Norristown, Pa -..
North Bergen, N. J. . .- . ..
1
21
1
2
66
8
1
1
46
7
11
52
26
9
9
18
10
3
0
Oakland, Calif
Oak Park, 111
6
81
2
Ogden, Utah
Oklahoma City. Okla
3
20
5
3
0
100
29
Orlando, Fla
Oshkosh, Wis. - - ...
19
6
Owensboro, Kv
3
7
2
17
56
27
17
Parkersburg, W. Va.2 .
2
6
8
25
9
415
2
4
10
3
5
37
48
5
10
8
13
6
10
112
1
1
17
3
6
3
49
61
593
41
Paterson, N. J _ -. ... - .. ...
Peoria, 111
Petersburg, Va.1 2 . - ..
3
1
2
97
19
28
15
Philadelphia. Pa
Pittsfleld, Mass .
092
1
Plainfield, N. J.2
Pontiae. Mich
Port Arthur. Tex
Portland, Maine . .-. ...
1
2
5
18
11
24
8
27
156
9
29
22
11
2
18
399
4
3
23
24
Portland, Oreg.3 - -
Portsmouth, Va
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.2
4
11
140
9
Providence, R.I.2
Pueblo. Colo
2
60
9
4
Racine. Wis.2
1
10
9
Richmond, Va - -
Riverside, Calif.3
38
2
102
6
3
Rochester, N. Y.
Rockford. HI
1
32
3
83
9
10
Roval Oak, Mich.2
o
Sacramento. Calif - ..
Saginaw, Mich.2.,-
St. Joseph, Mo.2
9
3
2
47
1
6
38
11
11
127
32
3
6
6
2
51
33
53
163
17
16
13
78
32
16
36
19
20
St. Louis, Mo
07
94
St. Petersburg, Fla
10
28
12
2
11
1
4
24
14
326
17
20
200
12
San Antonio, Tex.2
50
16
47
San Francisco, Calif ._
255
See footnotes at end of table.
154
Table 69. — Number of persons charged {held for prosecution) , January to December,
inclusive, 1940, cities over 25,000 in population — Continued
City
San Jose, Calif
Santa Ana, Calif.'
Santa Barbara, Calif.1.
Santa Monica, Calif. _ .
Savannah, Ga.2
Schenectady, N. Y.
Scranton, Pa
Seattle, Wash
Sheboygan, Wis.1..
Sioux City, Iowa3.
Sioux Falls, S. Dak.2.
Somerville, Mass
South Bend, Ind
South Gate, Calif
Spokane, Wash.3
Springfield, Mass..
Springfield, Mo
Springfield, Ohio 2.
Steuben ville, Ohio.
Superior, Wis
Syracuse, N. Y.
Tacoma, Wash.
Teaneck, N. J..
Toledo, Ohio...
Topeka, Kans..
Trenton, N.J.3
Troy, N. Y
Tucson, Ariz
University City, Mo.
Upper Darby, Pa
Utica, N. Y
Waco, Tex
Waltham, Mass.
Warren, Ohio
Warwick, R. I...
Washington, D. O.i.
Washington, Pa
Watertown, N. Y...
Wausau, Wis
Wauwatosa, Wis
West Allis, Wis
West Hartford, Conn..
West Orange, N. J
West Palm Beach, Fla.
Wheeling, W. Va
White Plains, N. Y.
Wichita, Kans
Wichita Falls, Tex..
Wilkes-Barre, Pa.2..
Wilkinsburg, Pa
Wilmington, Del.1
Winston-Salem, N. C.
Woodbridge, N. J
Worcester, Mass
Wyandotte, Mich
Yakima, Wash
Yonkers, N. Y.2..
Zanesville, Ohio 3.
Murder,
non-
negligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
723
10
1
1
1
vated
assault
406
4
2
1
10
7
5
9
48
14
14
8
433
1
11
Burglary —
breaking
or entering
65
34
39
108
90
49
117
211
12
21
21
99
62
13
34
25
30
29
31
60
92
250
40
62
29
49
9
11
62
75
25
46
11
2,117
13
14
3
29
5
9
75
106
39
84
51
21
18
152
148
8
128
20
31
29
37
Lar-
ceny—
theft
139
66
91
81
142
425
54
65
31
91
156
57
133
135
2
120
391
257
11
691
82
135
84
204
35
55
128
498
62
82
24
2,871
37
40
28
19
126
14
2
103
111
511
196
55
39
451
460
16
299
41
59
88
54
1 Figures represent the number of charges placed against persons arrested.
2 Juveniles not included.
3 Complete data for juveniles not included.
* Includes persons charged with embezzlement and fraud.
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
Source of Data.
There were 479,701 fingerprint cards received by the FBI during
the first 9 months of 1941 as against 459,167 received during the same
period of 1940. Through an examination of these arrest records in-
teresting information is obtained concerning the age, sex, race, and
previous criminal history of persons arrested for violations of State
laws and municipal ordinances throughout the country. Fingerprint
cards representing arrests for violations of Federal laws or commit-
ments to any type of penal institution have been excluded from the
compilations which follow.
The 4.5 percent increase in the number of fingerprint cards exam-
ined during the first 9 months of 1941 over the corresponding period
of last year does not necessarily signify an increase in the number of
persons arrested. The periodic growth in the number of fingerprint
records received is doubtless due in part to an increased tendency of
local agencies to utilize the national clearing house of fingerprints
operated by the Identification Division of the FBI. Inasmuch as
there are individuals arrested for whom no fingerprint cards are for-
warded to Washington the data presented obviously do not include
all persons arrested. Moreover, tabulations pertaining to the num-
ber of persons arrested should not be confused with information con-
cerning the number of offenses committed. Two or more persons
may be arrested and charged with the joint commission of a single
offense, while on the contrary, one arrested person may be responsible
for several separate crimes.
Offense Charged.
It is of significance to observe that 37 percent (177,402) of the
fingerprint records examined during the first three quarters of 1941
reflect arrests for major crimes, as follows:
Criminal homicide 4, 900
Robbery 9, 131
Assault 28, 953
Burglary 23, 198
Larceny (except auto theft) 44,000
Auto theft 10, 436
Embezzlement and fraud 11, 555
Stolen property (receiving, etc.) 2, 329
Arson 741
Forgery and counterfeiting 5, 299
Rape 4, 594
Narcotic drug laws 2, 218
Weapons (carrying, etc.) 4,582
Driving while intoxicated 25, 466
Total 177,402
(155)
156
Charges of murder, robbery, assault, burglary, larceny, or auto
theft were placed against 120,618 (25 percent) of the persons arrested
during the first 9 months of the year.
Sex.
Arrests of males exceeded the number of females arrested in all
crime classifications except prostitution and commercialized vice.
Nevertheless, 9.2 percent of the records examined during the first 9
months of 1941 represented women. This is an increase over the
same period in 1940 when 8.4 percent of the persons taken into cus-
tody were women.
Fingerprints of arrested women numbered 44,347 for the first three
quarters of 1941 representing an increase of 5,801 over the 38,546
received during the same period of 1940. This 15 percent increase
may be due in part to an increased tendency on the part of local agen-
cies to forward fingerprints of arrested women to the FBI; however
marked deviations from this percentage increase are seen for some in-
dividual offense classifications. For example, arrests of women for
auto theft increased 24.3 percent; for driving while intoxicated, 28.3
percent; and for disorderly conduct, 31.3 percent. On the other
hand, female arrests for gambling decreased 3.9 percent; for embezzle-
ment and fraud, 11.6 percent; and for narcotic violations, 35.4 percent,
as compared with arrests of women during January-September 1940.
With respect to the significance of the increase in the number of
women arrested as pointed out in the preceding paragraph, a compara-
tive study of male and female arrest data indicates that in most of
the crime classes the increase shown in arrests of women is either con-
trary to the trend shown in the arrest figures for men, or the increase
in the number of men arrested is less pronounced than in the case of
women. For example, while the male arrests decreased 9 percent for
robbery, arrests for women increased 6.5 percent for this offense.
Similarly, men charged with burglary decreased 14.6 percent while
women so charged increased 9.6 percent. The increase in the number
of men arrested for murder and auto theft in each instance was 3.1
percent, whereas female arrests for these crimes increased 8.2 percent
and 24.3 percent, respectively. For most offense classes the trends in
arrests for men and women contrasted noticeably as indicated here-
tofore. The main exception to this is seen in arrest figures for drunk-
enness where the arrests for men increased 29.8 percent and for women,
30 percent.
157
Table 70. — Distribution of ai
rests by sex Jan. 1-Sept. SO,
1941
Number
Percent
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
4, 900
9, L31
j.s, 953
23, 198
44, 000
10. 436
11.555
2,329
7U
5,299
4,594
7, 192
8.321
2,218
4.582
6. 950
7,897
25. 466
5,321
36
8,322
27, 186
108,221
38. 123
10.341
43, 835
3,275
27, 279
4,335
8.656
26, 112
22, 682
39, 932
10, 252
10, 840
2,128
675
4,936
4.594
1,862
7,034
1.322
4,360
6, 750
6,475
24, 731
5. 209
33
8, 129
23, 522
1(11, 20s
33. 445
9,746
38, 645
2,932
24, 809
565
475
2.841
516
4, 068
184
715
201
66
363
5, 330
1,287
896
222
200
1,422
735
112
3
193
3,664
7,013
4,678
595
5, 190
343
•-'. 470
1.0
1.9
6.0
4.8
9.2
2.2
2.4
.5
.2
1.1
1.0
1.5
1.7
. 5
1.0
1.4
1.6
5.3
1. 1
1.7
5.7
22.6
7.9
2.2
9. 1
5.7
1.0
2.0
6.0
5.2
9.2
2.3
2.5
.5
.2
1. 1
1. 1
.4
1.6
.3
1.0
1.5
1.5
5.7
1.2
1.9
5.4
23.2
2^2
8.9
5^7
1.3
1. 1
6.4
Burglary— breaking or entering
1.2
9. '-'
Autotheft .
.4
1.6
.5
. 1
Forgery and counterfeiting
.8
Prostitution and commercialized vice
12.11
■2. 9
2.0
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc. ..
.5
.4
3.2
1.7
.3
(')
.4
8.3
15.8
10.5
1.3
11.7
.8
5.6
Total —
479. 701
435, 354
44, 347
100.0
100. 0
100.0
1 Les? than Mo of 1 percent.
Age.
The fingerprint records examined during the first 9 months of 1941
reflect that age 19 predominated in the frequency of arrests, followed
by ages 21 and 18, respectively. During the first three quarters of
1940 arrests for age 18 were less frequent than for age 22.
During 5 of the past 9 years age 19 has predominated in the fre-
quency of arrests, 1932-34 and 1939-40, as well as the first 9 months of
1941. Arrests for ages 21, 22, and 23 exceeded arrests for age 19
during the years 1935-38. The groups for which the largest number
of arrests occurred during the first 9 months of 1941 are as follows:
\p(i- Number of .arrests
'l9 19, 181
21__ 18,507
18 18,436
20 17,488
22 1 6, 493
The compilation for the first 9 months of this year shows 83,130
arrests of youthful offenders under the age of 21, which is 17.3 percent
of the total fingerprint records examined. An additional 66,827 (13.9
percent) of the arrests were for persons within the ages of 21 and 24, or
a total of 149,957 (31.3 percent) less than 25 years old. Arrests in the
age group 25-29 numbered 73,818 (15.4 percent) resulting in a total of
223,775 (46.6 percent) less than 30 years of age. In examining arrest
data based on fingerprint cards received at the FBI, it should be
remembered that the number of arrest records is doubtless incomplete
in the lower age groups because of the practice in some jurisdictions
not to fingerprint youthful individuals.
158
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159
Youths less than 21 years old commit a large proportion of the
offenses against property. This is particularly (rue with reference to
robbery, burglary, larceny, and auto theft, as shown in the following
tabulation:
Table 72. — Percentage distribution of arrests by age group*
Age group
l'nder21
21-29
30-39
40-49
50 and over
Unknown
Total
All of-
fenses i
17.3
29.3
26.0
L6. 8
10.5
.1
100.0
Criminal
homicide
12.3
34.9
27.8
15.2
9.5
.3
100. 0
Robbery
32.4
42. 1
18.3
5.7
1.4
.1
100. 0
Burglary
46.7
14.9
6.1
2.3
. 1
100.0
Larceny
33.2
30. 1
20.0
10.7
5.8
.2
100. 0
Auto
theft
56. 8
30.3
9. 1
2.9
.8
.1
100.0
i Not limited to specific crimes listed in the table.
The extent to which youthful offenders committed crimes against
property is further revealed by an examination of the age distribution
of all persons arrested for such crimes. During the first 9 months of
1941 there were 106,689 persons of all ages arrested for robbery,
burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement, and fraud, forgery and
counterfeiting, receiving stolen property, and arson; and 36,649 (34.4
percent) of those persons were less than 21 years old. The corre-
sponding percentage for the first 9 months of 1940 was 32.3.
A further indication of the predominance of youth in the commis-
sion of crimes against property is indicated by the following figures.
During the first 9 months of this year, 31.3 percent of all persons
arrested were less than 25 years of age. However, persons less than
25 years old numbered 55.6 percent of those charged with robbery.
63.1 percent of those charged with burglary, 49.2 percent of those
charged with larceny, and 74.8 percent of those charged with auto
theft. More than one-half of all crimes against property during the
first 9 months of 1941 were committed by persons under 25 years of
asre.
160
Table 73. — Number and percentage of arrests of persons under 25 years of age,
Jan. 1-Sept. 80, 1941
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice-
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc —
Offenses against family and children^.
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws___
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Total
number of
persons
arrested
4,900
9,131
28, 953
23, 198
44,000
10, 436
11,555
2,329
741
5,299
4,594
7,192
8,321
2,218
4,582
fi,950
7,897
25, 466
5,321
36
8,322
27, 186
108, 221
38, 123
10, 341
43, 835
3,275
27, 279
479. 701
Number
under 21
years of
age
601
2,954
3, 403
10, 836
14,628
5,925
907
457
115
827
1,270
562
1,254
238
831
338
605
1,024
991
1
1,782
3,994
4,278
6,822
636
10, 233
458
7, 160
83, 130
Total
number
under 25
years of age
1,398
5.073
7.860
14, 642
21,659
7,804
2,359
798
221
1,743
2,242
2.433
2, 614
637
1,643
1,354
1,625
3,729
2,195
9
3,589
8.161
12, 483
12, 153
1,696
17,536
930
11,371
149. 957
Percentage
under 21
years of
years of age
12.3
32.4
11.8
46.7
33.2
56.8
7.8
19.6
15.5
15.6
27.6
7.8
15.1
10.7
18.1
4.9
7.7
4.0
18.6
2.8
21.4
14.7
4.0
17.9
6.2
23.3
14.0
26.2
17.3
Total per-
centage
under 25
years of age
28.5
55.6
27.1
63.1
49.2
74.8
20.4
34.3
29.8
32.9
48.8
33.8
31.4
28.7
35.9
19.5
20.6
14.6
41.3
25.0
43.1
30.0
11.5
31.9
16.4
40.0
28.4
41.7
31.3
Criminal Repeaters.
The current figures again disclosed the serious problem of the
criminal repeater. During the first 9 months of 1941 there were 45
persons arrested for criminal homicide whose records showed prior
convictions of murder or manslaughter. Similarly, the figures listed
hereafter indicate instances of persons charged with crimes during the
first 9 months of 1941 whose criminal histories contained prior con-
victions of the same type of offense:
Robbery 508
Burglary 2, 470
Larceny 4, 271
Auto theft 513
Embezzlement and fraud 757
Forgery and counterfeiting 617
Rape 66
Narcotic drug laws 402
Driving while intoxicated 1, 296
The compilation generally reflects a tendency on the part of recidi-
vists to repeat the same type of offense. This is particularly true with
reference to crimes against property.
Over half of the 479,701 arrest records examined during the first
9 months of 1941 were those of persons already represented by finger-
print cards on file in the Identification Division of the FBI. Previ-
ous criminal activities of persons arrested during the first 9 months of
1G1
1941 were also indicated on 3,716 current records although their
fingerprints had not been on file prior to 1941. This makes a total of
244,843 individuals arrested during the current period concerning
whom there was information on file dealing with prior criminal activi-
ties, and the records reflect that 165,086 of them had previously been
convicted of one or more crimes. The records of this group of 1 65,086
persons indicated a total of 511,187 prior convictions.
Table 74. — Number of cases in which fingerprint records show 1 or more prior con-
victions, and the total of prior convictions disclosed by the records, Jan. 1-Sept. SO,
1941
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children- .
Liquor laws ...
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws.-.
D isorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Number of
records
showing 1 or
more prior
convictions
032
578
519
843
916
nil
694
587
140
115
130
493
926
(M)S
•266
556
613
146
051
9
050
926
835
Tit
226
649
(171
Number of
prior con-
victions
of major
offenses
1.282
5,934
10, 538
14, 264
26,287
4, 408
6,292
902
165
3,820
1,453
4,016
2,418
2,553
1,729
1, 513
1,931
5,605
953
4
2,143
8,028
31, 142
16, 989
2,664
18,811
1,064
11,065
188, 063
Number of
prior con-
victions
of minor
offenses
1,032
4,165
10, 025
8,527
20,636
2,912
3,882
765
107
1,639
1,064
2,347
2, 378
1, 165
1,635
1,562
4,661
7,195
1,100
12
2,523
18, 398
141, 880
44, 278
2,002
21,160
1,715
14,299
323, 121
Total num-
ber of
prior con-
victions
disclosed
2,314
10, 099
20, 563
22, 791
40, 923
7, 330
10, 174
1,667
332
5, 459
2,517
6,303
4, 796
3,718
3, 304
3,105
6,592
12,800
2,053
16
4,660
26, 426
173, 022
61, 267
4,666
39, 971
2.779
25. 304
511. 137
Race.
A majority of the persons whose fingerprint records were examined
were members of the white and Negro races. With the exception of
Mexicans, who numbered 18,409, members of the white race were
represented by 342,544 of the 479,701 arrest records received, while
113,384 were Negroes; 2,807, Indians; 595, Chinese; 431, Japanese;
and 1,531 were of other races.
In an examination of the data representing whites and Negroes
arrested it is desirable to express the figures in terms of the number
of each in the general population for the reason that whites greatly
outnumber Negroes. According to the 1930 decennial census, there
were, exclusive of those under 15 years of age, 8,041,014 Negroes,
13,069,192 foreign-born whites, and 64,365,193 native whites in the
United States. (Similar figures based on the 1940 decennial census
are not yet available.)
162
Of each 100,000 Negroes in the general population of the United
States, 1,410 were arrested and fingerprinted during the first 9 months
of 1941. The corresponding figure for native whites was 485 and for
foreign-born whites, 159. The relationship between the three figures
will vary considerably for individual types of violations.
The preceding figures for native whites include the immediate
descendants of foreign-born individuals as information is not available
on fingerprint records showing the parentage of native whites.
OFFENSE CLASSIFICATIONS
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in part I and
part II offenses, there follows a brief definition of each classification:
Part I Offenses.
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter includes all
wilful felonious homicides as distinguished from deaths caused by negligence.
Does not include attempts to kill, assaults to kill, suicides, accidental deaths, or
justifiable homicides. Justifiable homicides excluded from this classification are
limited to the following types of cases: (1) The killing of a felon by a peace officer
in line of duty; (2) the killing of a hold-up man by a private citizen, (b) Man-
slaughter by negligence includes any death which the police investigation estab-
lishes was primarily attributable to gross negligence on the part of some individual
other than the victim.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape (no force used — victim under
age of consent), assault to rape, and attempted rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as strong-arm robbery, stick-ups,
robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assaidt. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by the use of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe-
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or a theft, even though no force
was used to gain entrance. Includes attempted burglary. Burglary followed by
larceny is included in this classification and not counted again as larceny.
6. Larceny — theft (except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value;
(6) under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, thefts of bicycles, automobile accessories,
shoplifting, pocket-picking, or any stealing of property or article of value which
is not taken by force and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement,
"con" games, forgery, worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the so-called joy-riding thefts. Does not include
taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unauthorized use
by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
Part II Offenses.
8. Other assaults. — Includes all assaults and attempted assaults which are not
of an aggravated nature and which do not belong in class 4.
9. Forgery and counterfeiting. — Includes offenses dealing with the making,
altering, uttering, or possessing, with intent to defraud, anything false which is
made to appear true. Includes attempts.
10. Embezzlement and fraud. — Includes all offenses of fraudulent conversion,
embezzlement, and obtaining money or property by false pretenses.
11. Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing. — Includes buying, receiving,
and possessing stolen property as well as attempts to commit any of those offenses.
(163)
164
12. Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc. — Includes all violations of regulations
or statutes controlling the carrying, using, possessing, furnishing, and manufactur-
ing of deadly weapons or silencers and all attempts to violate such statutes or
regulations.
13. Prostitution and commercialized vice. — Includes sex offenses of a commercial-
ized nature, or attempts to commit the same, such as prostitution, keeping bawdy
house, procuring, transporting, or detaining women for immoral purposes.
14. Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution and commercialized vice). — In-
cludes offense's againsi chastity, common decency, morals, and the like. Includes
attempts.
15. Offenses against the family and children. — Includes offenses of nonsupport,
neglect, desertion, or abuse of family and children.
16. Narcotic drug laws. — Includes offenses relating to narcotic drugs, such as
unlawful possession, sale, or use. Exclude Federal offenses.
17. Liquor laws. — With the exception of "Drunkenness" (class 18) and "Driving
while intoxicated" (class 22), liquor law violations, State or local, are placed in
this class. Exclude Federal violations.
18. Drunkenness. — Includes all offenses of drunkenness or intoxication.
19. Disorderly conduct. — Includes all charges of committing a breach of the
peace.
20. Vagrancy. — Includes such offenses as vagabondage, begging, loitering, etc.
21. Gambling. — Includes offenses of promoting, permitting, or engaging in
gambling.
22. Driving while intoxicated. — Includes driving or operating any motor vehicle
while drunk or under the influence of liquor or narcotics.
23. Violation of road and driving laws. — Includes violations of regulations with
respect to the proper handling of a motor vehicle to prevent accidents.
24. Parking violations. — Includes violations of parking ordinances.
25. Other violations of traffic and motor vehicle laws. — Includes violations of
State laws and municipal ordinances with regard to traffic and motor vehicles
not otherwise provided for in classes 22-24.
26. All other offenses. — Includes all violations of State or local laws for which
no provision has been made above in classes 1-25.
27. Suspicion. — This classification includes all persons arrested as suspicious
characters, but not in connection with any specific offense, who are released with-
out formal charges being placed against them.
o
UN I FORM
CRIME
REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
ISSUED BY THE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
WASHINGTON, D. C
Volume XII Number 4
FOURTH QUARTERLY BULLETIN, I94J
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume XII — Number 4
FOURTH QUARTERLY BULLETIN, 1941
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
ADVISORY
International Association of Chiefs of Police
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1942
CNDENT OF DOCW
MAR 12 1942
CONTENTS
Page
Summary of volume XII, No. 4 165-169
Classification of offenses 170
Extent of reporting area 170-171
Monthly reports:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to popula-
tion (table 75) 172-173
Monthly trends, offenses known to the police, 1941 (table 76) 174-176
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location
(tables 77-79) 177-182
Offenses in individual cities over 25,000 in population (table 80) " 183-190
Offenses known to sheriffs and State police (tables 81-82) 191
Offenses known in Territories and possessions (table 83) 192
Data from supplementary offense reports (tables 84-87) 193-198
Traffic deaths and offenses of manslaughter by negligence (table 88). 199-200
Estimated number of major crimes, 1940-41 (table 89) 201
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1941:
Sex distribution of persons arrested (table 90) 202-203
Age distribution of persons arrested (tables 91-93) 204-207
Number with records showing previous convictions (table 94) 207-208
Race distribution of persons arrested (table 95) 209
Definition of part I and part II offense classifications 210-211
Index to volume XII 212-213
(ii)
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department of
Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume XII January 1942 Number 4
SUMMARY
Estimated Number of Major Crimes, 1940-41.
The estimated number of major crimes in the United States during
1941 was 1,531,272, an increase of 14,246 (0.9 percent) over 1940.
Murder increased 0.3 percent; negligent manslaughter, 3.5 percent;
rape, 2.2 percent ; aggravated assault, 4.0 percent ; larceny, 1.9 percent;
and auto theft, 7.0 percent. Robbery decreased 6.7 percent and
burglary, 4.4 percent.
Crime Rates.
Average figures for cities divided according to size disclose several
exceptions to the general proposition that the larger cities have the
highest crime rates. Cities with 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants
reported more crimes of murder, aggravated assault, and larceny per
unit of population than the average city with more than 250,000
inhabitants.
During 1941, the average city with population of 50,000 to 100,000
experienced increases in all crime classes except burglary. With all
cities divided into six groups on the basis of size, the number of auto
thefts per unit of population showed an increase in each of the six
groups.
With cities divided according to location, the 1941 crime record
shows burglaries, larcenies, and auto thefts committed most frequently,
in proportion to population, in the Pacific States, whereas robberies,
aggravated assaults, and murders occurred most frequently in the East
South Central States. For auto theft, all sections of the country
showed increases in 1941 except the West North Central States, which
showed a decrease despite the Nation-wide average increase of 7.0
percent. These variations are a reflection of the truth that the extent
of crime in a community, like other social phenomena, is determined
by many factors.
(165)
166
Monthly Variations in Crimes.
Crime varies with the seasons, but offenses against the person
generally show opposite seasonal trends to those reflected by crimes
against property.
For offenses against the person the highest daily crime average was
seen in the third quarter of 1941, with July the peak month for murder,
August the peak month for aggravated assault, and the highest number
of rapes in September. In the case of negligent manslaughter, how-
ever, the fourth quarter of 1941 was predominant, with December the
peak month.
Robberies and burglaries were most frequent during the first and
fourth quarters of 1941, with the highest daily average in December.
In each quarter of 1941 the larceny record was higher than in the pre-
ceding period, with November the peak month. The largest number
of auto thefts occurred in the third and fourth quarters of the year,
with the highest frequency in December.
The many factors contributing to the commission of crimes are
subject to constant change, especially in time of war, because of the
numerous and rapid modifications occurring in the social and economic
features of many communities. For this reason an increasing number
of law-enforcement agencies carefully study monthly, weekly, daily,
hourly, yearly, and geographical variations in the occurrence of crime
within their jurisdiction, in order to more efficiently plan and execute
a preventive and remedial program.
The general upward trend shown by the monthly auto theft figures
for 1941 indicates the possibility of a continued increase in auto thefts
during 1942.
Distribution of Crimes by Type.
More than 59 percent of the crimes committed in 1941 were lar-
cenies; 21 percent were burglaries; 11.9 percent were auto thefts;
and 3.1 percent were robberies. Thus it is seen that almost 96 per-
cent of the offenses were for the purpose of obtaining property. Mur-
ders, negligent manslaughters, rapes, and other felonious assaults
constituted the remaining 4.3 percent.
More than 58 percent of the robbery cases were classed as highway
robberies; 33.9 percent of the robberies involved oil stations, chain
stores, and other commercial houses. Almost half of the burglaries
in 1941 involved residences. Two-thirds of the residence burglaries
occurred at night, whereas 90 percent of nonresidence burglaries were
committed during the night.
Thefts of auto parts, accessories, and other property from automo-
biles constituted 36 percent of the total larcenies in 1941, and in view
of the probable difficulty of obtaining replacements, automobile
owrners might well make additional provisions to safeguard their
167
property. In 67.2 percent of the larcenies, the stolen property was
valued from $5 to $50; in 22.3 percent of the cases the property was
valued at less than $5; and property valued in excess of $50 was stolen
in 10.5 percent of the cases.
The average value of property stolen per offense of robbery was
$112.37; for burglary, $60.56; and for larceny, $29.84. The average
automobile stolen in 1941 was valued at $458. In auto thefts, re-
coveries were effected in 95 percent of the cases, whereas slightly less
than 22 percent of other types of property was recovered. The
average value of property stolen per offense was higher in 1941 than
in 1940.
Persons Arrested.
During 1941 the FBI examined 630,568 fingerprint arrest records.
Age 19 predominated in the frequency of arrests and was followed in
this respect by ages 18, 21, 20, and 23 in the order indicated. The
records revealed that 33.0 percent of all robberies, 46.6 percent of
burglaries, 33.3 percent of larcenies, and 57.6 percent of auto thefts
were committed by youths under 21 years of age.
Women were represented by 9.2 percent of the total records. The
corresponding figure for prior years was: 1940 — 8.5 percent, 1939 —
7.6 percent, 1938—6.8 percent,
The scope of the problem of the criminal repeater was again shown
by the figures reflecting that 213,027 of the total of 630,568 persons
represented had records showing 238,937 prior convictions of major
crimes and 391,975 convictions of less serious violations, a total of
630,912 prior convictions. Fifty-one persons were arrested for
criminal homicide during 1941 whose records showed prior con-
victions of murder or manslaughter.
168
109
170
CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES
The term "offenses known to the police" is designed to include those
crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification occur-
ring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known to the
police through reports of police officers, of citizens, of prosecuting or
court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the following group
of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience to be those
most generally and completely reported to the police: Criminal homi-
cide, including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and (6) man-
slaughter by negligence; rape; robbery; aggravated assault; burglary-
breaking or entering; larceny — theft; and auto theft. The figures
contained herein include also the number of attempted crimes of the
designated classes. In other words, an attempted burglary or robbery,
for example, is reported in the bulletin in the same manner as if the
crime had been completed. Attempted murders, however, are
reported as aggravated assaults.
"Offenses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the law-enforce-
ment agencies of contributing communities and not merely arrests or
cleared cases. Complaints which upon investigation are learned to be
groundless are not included in the tabulations which follow.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out as
current information which may throw some light on problems of
crime and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
In the last section of this bulletin may be found brief definitions of
part I and part II offense classifications.
EXTENT OF REPORTING AREA
In the table which follows, there is shown the number of police
departments from which one or more crime reports were received
during the calendar year 1941. Information is presented for the cit ies
divided according to size, and the population figures employed are
from the 1 940 decennial census.
Population group
Total
number
of cities
or towns
Cities filing returns
Total
population
Population repre-
sented in returns
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
1,077
1,026
95.3
62,715,897
61,826,111
98.6
1. Cities over 250,000.. ..
37
55
107
213
665
37
55
106
209
619
100. 0
100. 0
99.1
98.1
93.1
30, 195. 339
7,792,650
7,343,917
7,417,093
9,966,898
30, 195, 339
7, 792, 650
7,264,719
7. 25S, 022
9, 315, 381
100.0
2. Cities 100,000 to 250,000-- .
100.0
3 Cities 50,000 to 100,000.-
98.9
4 Cities 25,0011 to 50,000.. .
'.17. 9
5 Cities 10,000 to 25,000
93. 5
Note.— The above table does not include 1,962 cities, villages, and rural townships aggregating a total
population of 9,906,324. The cities and villages included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 population
filing returns, whereas the rural townships are of varying population groups.
171
The growth in the crime-reporting area is evidenced by the following
figures for 1930-41:
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
Xumher of
cities
1, 127
1,511
1,578
1,658
1,799
2,156
Population
45, 929, 965
51, 145,734
53. 212,23(1
62. 357, 262
(i2. 757. 643
64, 615, 330
Year
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
Xumher of
cities
2,318
■J. 129
2,662
2,698
2,747
2, HNS
Population
65, 639, 430
66, 279, 987
67, 555, 972
67, 964, 488
70, 563, 340
71, 732, 435
The foregoing comparison shows that during 1941 there was an
increase of 241 cities contributing as compared with 1940. The
increase in the population represented by contributing police depart-
ments amounted to 1,169,095.
In addition to the 2,988 city and village police departments which
forwarded crime reports during 1941, one or more reports were
received during that year from 1 ,897 sheriffs and State Police organi-
zations, and from 13 agencies in Territories and possessions of the
United States. This makes a grand total of 4,898 agencies contribut-
ing crime reports during 1941. The corresponding figure for 1940
was 4,369.
444555 °— 42-
172
MONTHLY REPORTS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population.
The crime record for 1941 disclosed several exceptions to the general
proposition that the larger cities have the highest crime rates. As in
prior years, cities with 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants reported the
largest number of aggravated assaults per unit of population but
the excess of such figures over the rates for cities with more than
100,000 inhabitants was considerably greater than in 1940. In addi-
tion, the murder and larceny rates for cities with 50,000 to 100,000
inhabitants were higher than those for cities over 250,000 in popula-
tion, the excess in the murder classification being quite substantial.
The number of offenses reported and the rate per 100,000 inhabitants
for all population groups are presented in table 75. The table is
based on reports from 2,109 cities with a combined population of
65,815,613. The cities have been divided into six groups according
to size, in order that interested individuals may compare local crime
rates with national averages for cities of approximately the same size.
Table 79 lists similar figures divided further on a regional basis.
In comparing the data in table 75 with the similar compilation for
1940 (see vol. XI, No. 4, p. 161), it is seen that group I cities experi-
enced increases in rape, aggravated assault, and auto theft during
1941. Group II cities showed increases in murder, negligent man-
slaughter, rape, aggravated assault, and auto theft. Group III cities
had increases in all types of crimes except burglary. In group IV
cities increases were experienced in murder, negligent manslaughter,
aggravated assault, larceny, and auto theft. For group V cities the
record reveals increases in negligent manslaughter, rape, aggravated
assault, larceny, and auto theft, and for group VI cities in negligent
manslaughter, larceny, and auto theft.
It will be noted that on the average cities of all sizes showed de-
creases in burglary during 1941, and cities of all sizes except group
III showed decreases in robbery. On the other hand, cities of all
sizes showed increases in auto theft during 1941; cities of all sizes
except group VI showed increases in aggravated assault; and all
cities except group I showed increases in negligent manslaughter.
The cities represented in table 75 reported last year 6,595 criminal
homicides, 6,041 rapes, and 31,845 other felonious assaults. Although
the figures for the foregoing crimes are large, they constitute only 4.3
percent of the total crimes reported. The following tabulation indi-
cates the percentage distribution of the crimes for 1941:
Offense
Rate per
100.000
Percent
Offense
Rate per
100,000
Percent
Total
1,581.5
100. 0
49.4
48.4
9.2
5.5
4.5
3.1
A guravated assault -
3 1
Larceny
'ill n
332. 0
188.5
59.7
21.0
11.9
.6
Murder
Manslaughter. .
.3
.3
173
Although only 3.1 percent of the crimes reported were robberies,
the cities represented in table 75 reported 32,521 such offenses (thefts
from the person accompanied by the element of force or threat of
force).
The estimated total of serious crimes committed in the United
States last year is presented in table 89.
Table 75. — Offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive, 1941;
number and rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
GROUP I
36 cities over 250,000: total popula-
tion, 29,894,166:
Number of offenses known. .
Rate per 100.000..
55 cities, 1110,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,792,650:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000. ..
GROUP III
lis cities, 50,000 to 100,000: total pop-
ulation, 6,788,991:
Number of offenses known .
Hate per 100,000
GROUP IV
198 cit ics, 25,000 to 50,000; total pop-
ulation, 6,883,125:
Number of offenses known
Kate per 100.000
GROUP V
539 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 8,176,562:
Number of offenses known
Kate per 100,000
GROUP VI
1,183 cities under 10,000; total popu-
lation, 6,280,119:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
TOT A I., GROUPS I-VI
2, 109 cities; total population, 65,815,-
613:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
1,763
5.90
560
7.19
482
7.10
294
4.27
304
3.72
202
3.22
3, 605
5.48
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
1,524
5. 10
356
5.24
290
4.21
209
2.56
159
2. 53
Rape
3,446
11.53
7.80
563
8.29
393
5.71
574
7.02
457
7.28
6,041
9.18
Aggra-
Rob-
vated
bery
as-
sault
20, 853
15, 486
69.8
51.8
3,784
4,596
48.6
59.0
2,874
4,879
42.3
71.9
2,017
2,772
29.3
40.3
1,783
2,638
21.8
32.3
1.210
1,474
19.3
23.5
32, 521
31,845
49.4
48.4
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or en-
tering
i 77, 622
378. 5
31,358
402.4
24, 434
359.9
20, 710
300.9
20, 247
247.6
12.994
206.9
Lar-
ceny-
theft
210,883
1028. 3
82, 910
1064. 0
72, 756
1071. "
67, 741
984.2
63, 092
771. ('.
35, 297
562. 0
1 187, 365
332. 0
i 532, 679
944.0
Auto
theft
64, 452
215.6
17, 330
222.4
13, 134
193.5
11,975
174.0
10, 847
132.7
6. 296
LOO. 3
124, 034
188.5
1 The number of offenses and rate for burglary and larceny-theft are based on reports as follows: Group I,
34 cities, total population, 20,507,837; groups I-VI, 2,107 cities, total population, 56,429,284.
174
Monthly Trends, Offenses Known to the Police (Daily Average), 1941.
The seasonal variations reflected by the 1941 crime record were
generally similar to those in 1940. Crimes against the person in most
instances show opposite seasonal trends to those reflected by crimes
against property, according to the monthly reports received during
1941 from 387 cities in the United States with over 25,000 inhabitants.
With reference to offenses against the person, the highest daily
crime average was seen in the third quarter of 1941, with July the
peak month for murder, August the peak month for aggravated
assault, and the highest number of rapes in September. In the case
of negligent manslaughters, however, the fourth quarter of 1941 was
predominant, with December the peak month.
This variation in the record for negligent manslaughters is quite
similar to the record for prior years, and this is to be expected, inas-
much as the frequency of automobile fatalities has generally been high
during the fourth quarter of the year as the result of less favorable
driving conditions. The large majority of negligent manslaughters
consists of automobile fatalities.
As previously indicated, the 1941 seasonal variations were generally
the same as those in 1940, but in 1941 the seasonal fluctuations were
more marked in crimes against the person, with greater differences
between the months showing the lowest and highest daily averages.
This is especially true of negligent manslaughter.
Robberies and burglaries were most frequent during the first and
fourth quarters of 1941, with the highest daily average in December.
The seasonal variation in robberies and burglaries was more marked
in 1941 than in 1940, with a greater range between the highest and
lowest months. The larceny record for 1941 followed quite closely the
general pattern observed in 1940, with each quarter of the year show-
ing a higher daily average than the preceding one. The peak month
in larcenies in 1941 was November. It may be noted that in years
prior to 1940 the monthly variation in larceny figures was generally
such as to indicate low points in the second and third quarters of the
year.
The auto theft record for 1941 disclosed the highest number of such
crimes in the third and fourth quarters of the year with peak frequency
occurring in December. The second quarter of the year witnessed the
lowest daily average of such crimes.
175
In reviewing the data in table 76, it is seen that the fourth quarter
of 1941 witnessed the highest daily average of negligent manslaugh-
ters, robberies, larcenies, and auto thefts, and that December was the
predominant month in the number of negligent manslaughters, rob-
beries, burglaries, and auto thefts.
The foregoing facts point to the need for each law-enforcement
agency to compile and study its own figures regarding monthly,
weekly, daily, yearly, and geographical variations in the occurrence
of crime within its jurisdiction. The many forces contributing to the
commission of crimes are not static, but are, on the other hand, subject
to constant change, with the result that those charged with the respon-
sibility of combating crime must persistently study its various mani-
festations in order to more efficiently carry out a preventive and
remedial program. This is especially true in time of war because of
the numerous and rapid modifications occurring in the social and eco-
nomic features of many communities. It may be noted that an in-
creasing number of police departments regularly prepare and use the
types of tabulations mentioned for the purposes indicated.
Auto thefts, which increased 7.0 percent in 1941, are likely to con-
tinue to increase in 1942, unless owners take greater precautions
against thefts. This likelihood of an increased number of auto thefts
in 1942 is indicated by the monthly trends seen in table 76, coupled
with the discontinuance of automobile manufacture.
Similarly, larcenies which increased 1.9 percent in 1941 also are
likely to continue to increase in 1942.
The analysis presented in table 84 of this bulletin indicates that
17.9 percent of all larcenies in 1941 were thefts of automobile acces-
sories, whereas the corresponding figure in 1940 was 14.2 percent.
This classification includes, of course, automobile tires, and there is
an obvious danger of increased thefts of automobile tires as well as
other parts and accessories, because of the restricted supply of these
materials as the result of war conditions.
With reference to the robbery classification, it was noted that the
highest frequency of such crimes occurred in the fourth quarter of
1941. A similar condition existed in the robbery figures for 1940.
Yet the robbery total for 1941 showed a 6.7 percent decrease as com-
pared with 1940. From this it appears that the high frequency of
robbery in the fourth quarter of 1941 should not necessarily be taken
as an indication that this type of crime will tend to increase in 1942.
176
Table 76. — Monthly trends, offenses known to the -police {daily average), January
to December, inclusive, 1941, 387 cities over 25,000 in population
[Total population, 51,358,932, based on 1940 decennial census]
Month
Criminal homi-
cide
Murder
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Auto
theft
January .
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November- -
December
January to March
April to June
July to September -
October to December
January to December
8.52
8.71
7.55
8.40
7.90
8.63
9.48
8.94
9.10
7.39
8.73
8.58
7.68
6.82
5.84
5.80
6.03
6.30
6. 16
6.16
7.40
8.35
9.07
10. 55
12.19
13.43
13.19
13.27
13.84
14.53
14.23
14.32
16. 67
14.29
13.07
11.74
90.5
93.8
83.4
76.3
61.8
68.5
69.2
73.8
71.6
83.0
93.0
106. 7
60. 1
69.9
64.3
78.9
76.5
82.1
85.9
91.7
81.5
71.3
75.6
73.8
430. 6
453. 3
452.1
419.0
379.4
386.7
400. 5
414. 1
4 Hi. 1
416. 5
433. 6
467. 2
8.24
8.31
9.17
8.23
8.49
6.78
6.04
6. 57
9.33
7.18
12.92
13.88
15.05
13.03
13.73
71.5
94.2
64.6
79.2
86.4
73.6
76.0
445. 1
394.8
410. 2
439. 1
422.3
1,128.6
1, 145. 2
1. 138. 3
1, 186. 3
1.129. 1
1,118. 1
1, 128. 5
1. 180.9
1. 20S. 2
1,290.6
1, 322. 3
1.299.9
1. 137. 1
1. 144.4
1, 172. 1
1,304.1
1. 189.8
281.1
283.9
290.5
279.6
266. 8
266. 8
274.1
292.5
299. 7
318.5
329.2
330. 7
285.2
271.0
288. 7
321,. 1
292. 9
177
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location.
The amount of crime and the predominant types of crime vary sub-
stantially among cities, States, and other regional divisions. Bur-
glaries, larcenies, and auto thefts, for example, are most frequently
committed on the average in the States comprising the Pacific divi-
sion, whereas robberies, aggravated assaults, and murders are highest
in frequency in the States comprising the East South Central division.
Furthermore, there is a considerable amount of variation in the crime
rates of individual States located in the same geographical division.
The irregular distribution of crime among the various portions of
the United States is not surprising, since it is well recognized that the
frequency of crimes, as well as other social phenomena such as births,
deaths, diseases, marriages, divorces, automobile accidents, etc., is
affected by a large variety of factors. For a list of some of the factors
affecting the extent of crime, reference may be made to the text
preceding table 80.
State and regional crime averages are presented in tables 78 and 79
so that local officials and other interested individuals may compare
them with local data. The number of cities represented in the State
and regional averages is shown in table 77.
The States represented in each geographic division in table 79 are,
of course, the same as indicated in table 78. The population groups
shown in table 79 are the same as those shown in table 75, but are set
out here again for convenience: Group I. Over 250,000 inhabitants;
Group II. 100,000 to 250,000; Group III. 50,000 to 100,000; Group
IV. 25,000 to 50,000; Group V. 10,000 to 25,000; Group VI. Under
10,000.
For the Nation as a whole, robbery decreased 6.7 percent, and
burglary 4.4 percent during 1941 as compared with 1940. In com-
paring the 1941 crime rates for geographic divisions as presented in
table 78 with the similar tabulation for 1940 (see vol. XI, No. 4, p. 175)
it is observed that robbery and burglary decreased in each geographic
division with the exception of the West South Central and Mountain
groups. Auto theft, which increased 7.0 percent in the Nation as a
whole, showed an increase in each geographic division with the excep-
tion of the West North Central group. Larceny increased 1.9 percent
throughout the Nation as a whole, but the New England, East North
Central, West North Central, and West South Central divisions
showed decreases in this type of crime. Similarly, aggravated assault,
which increased 4.0 percent nationally, showed decreases in the New
England and East South Central divisions. The Nation-wide murder
increase amounted to less than 1 percent, and the Middle Atlantic,
East South Central, and Pacific divisions showed decreases in this
type of crime during 1941.
178
Table 77. — Number of cities in each State included in the tabulation of uniform
crime reports, January to December, inclusive, 1941
Population
Division and State
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
10
18
23
s
17
4
9
2
7
25M00
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
Tptal
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISION
New England: 178 cities; total population,
5,642,443
2
6
8
4
3
3
4
1
5
10
11
10
5
7
3
3
1
5
30
36
58
12
18
8
12
7
17
65
130
118
60
44
20
36
24
42
61
302
301
166
87
33
59
58
116
178
Middle Atlantic: 503 cities; total population,
18,976,937
503
East North Central: 518 cities; total popu-
lation, 16,409,264
518
West North Central: 255 cities; total popu-
lation, 5,380,105
255
South Atlantic: ' 176 cities; total population,
5,641,190
176
East South Central: 71 cities; total popula-
tion, 2,297,756
71
West South Central: 123 cities; total popu-
lation, 3,879,211
123
Mountain: 93 cities; total population, 1,485,-
351
Pacific: 192 cities; total population, 6,103,356
93
192
New England:
1
1
2
1
1
12
6
8
10
14
12
13
10
14
8
13
1
6
2
1
1
1
6
3
1
42
6
7
48
32
50
31
14
33
23
17
11
7
14
3
5
7
13
8
5
9
30
3
6
102
69
131
77
37
93
57
37
50
38
18
6
17
30
17
10
11
Massachusetts
1
1
7
3
4
4
3
4
3
1
2
1
1
5
1
2
6
4
8
4
4
7
6
2
4
2
97
Rhode Island
17
26
Middle Atlantic:
New York ______
3
1
2
4
1
1
1
1
2
173
New Jersev
124
Pennsylvania _ __ ...
206
East North Central:
Ohio
133
Indiana _ ___ _ _ _
69
Illinois _ ___ _ _
149
Michigan
97
Wisconsin __
70
West North Central:
Minnesota _
65
56
Missouri _____
2
38
10
13
1
2
1
1
26
Kansas _ __
17
South Atlantic:
1
1
1
3
6
18
9
17
10
8
16
11
10
9
3
15
17
20
6
11
3
13
8
8
6
3
18
16
82
4
1
2
5
1
4
2
I
3
4
1
2
1
1
3
2
6
2
1
4
6
4
13
4
6
5
3
3
9
3
3
13
17
3
6
4
5
3
2
1
5
30
13
2
3
3
4
2
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
7
34
17
1
39
18
Georgia _ _ __ _
1
3
3
21
Florida, _ _____
29
East South Central:
Kentucky.-- ._----_
1
1
1
22
Tennessee __--..-.
18
Alabama. __ _ _ __
17
14
West South Central:
20
1
2
1
15
34
Texas
Mountain:
3
54
11
18
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
21
12
1
10
Utah
1
10
4
Pacific:
1
1
3
2
3
7
3
1
13
31
23
California _
138
1 Includes District of Columbia.
179
444555' 12
180
Table 78.
Number of offenses known to the police per 100,000 inhabitants. January
to December, inclusive, 1941, by States
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
Division and State
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary-
breaking or
entering
Larcenv—
theft
Auto
theft
GEOGRAPHIC r>i VISION
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central
1.68
2.93
4.19
3.46
16.31
18.98
12.19
3.97
3. 16
12.9
22.4
76. 7
30.6
69.9
81.6
53.8
47. 1
77.2
Ki. '.'
32.8
34.5
21.2
151.0
169. 3
96.0
21.2
29.5
253. 1
' 223. 1
306.9
258.6
422.2
470.6
417.5
408.9
499.9
565. 8
i 479. 6
889.0
835.7
1.235.8
1,033.0
1.305. 8
1,516.4
1, 593. 9
180.3
150.9
153. 1
13(1.8
262. 8
'.'14.8
West South Central --
180.6
212.3
373.9
New England:
2.04
2.21
5.00
1.57
.95
1.99
2.88
2.28
3.38
4.81
3.38
5.05
3.73
1.32
1.65
1. 52
6.39
2.47
12.3
1.1
9.0
15.0
8.8
11.4
14.7
26.9
35. 9
56.7
64.0
112. 1
81.7
10. 5
18.0
16. 1
52.0
11.5
12.5
13.8
39. 1
45.8
47. 1
73. 5
59.2
43.6
70. 1
86.5
83. 1
111.0
81.9
62. 1
53. 4
81.8
40.5
63.4
52.1
36.7
22.3
32.7
55.0
37.1
84.6
38.9
43.4
52. 2
82.0
81.4
5.5
7.2
266.5
173.1
149.9
240.5
274. 1
300. 5
3 153. 4
274. 1
4 258. 3
301.0
398.7
288.8
370. 3
155.9
247. 2
194.3
296.6
220.3
199.8
190. 8
340.0
359.8
240. (i
459.3
299.8
405. 1
417.6
494. 5
662.1
535. 3
402.4
525.4
406.9
409.5
173.3
409.4
509.4
318.3
390.2
333.4
395.0
333.5
515.7
498.7
451.6
521.5
535.1
492.2
795. 2
488.9
603. 5
495. 6
502. 4
774. 2
3 491. 3
545. 3
* 422. 5
967.0
937. ti
539.9
1,405.9
775. 1
742. 3
838. 5
890. 8
861. 5
1,043.8
571. 2
1. 020. 6
1, 167. 8
789. 6
1.415.7
880.5
1, 007. 7
1, 365. 4
1, 544. 5
1, 544. 2
l, 178. :
1, 030. 4
868. 2
1.0.54.6
1,065.6
640.2
1, 225. 1
1,601.9
1, 227. 0
1, 380. 5
1, 692. 0
1, 365. 9
1.661.3
2,019. ti
1, 573. 9
2, 214. 5
1,361.4
1.630. 1
1. 633. 5
152.7
63. 6
Vermont
Massachusetts.
Rhode Island
75.9
8.9
12.9
15.8
30.2
45.2
32.4
27.3
32.9
37.5
53.9
5.5
7.9
5.9
44.0
5.8
2.9
14.6
20.9
45.0
100.3
199.9
101.5
329.8
215.9
121.6
103.7
138. 5
197.6
182.3
127. 3
79.6
90.7
86.1
103.1
20.7
7.4
10. 1
19.7
64.5
30.9
9.3
20.4
17.1
16.1
33.1
192.5
1.54. 3
Middle Atlantic:
194.4
138.9
New Jersey
184.7
159.9
East North Central:
Ohio -- -
137.4
260. 2
112.6
208.4
106.8
West North Central:
137. 6
165.8
121.7
182.5
108. 0
Nebraska
Kansas
South Atlantic:
Delaware
2.51
3.66
7.89
9.07
14.53
8.41
18.76
22.00
31.84
19.50
12. 33
22.06
22.36
17.92
17. 64
12.46
6.15
13.34
2.67
2.03
3.77
2.72
8.86
9.63
1.22
15.31
2.27
2.06
3.44
126.9
139.7
213.0
321.1
277.1
161.2
183.7
221.5
287.1
184.5
East South Central:
Kentucky
293. 1
199. 1
Alabama
194.2
122.1
West South Central:
189.9
210.9
151.0
Mountain:
177.8
215.5
223.4
210.1
177.9
211. 1
244.1
Utah -
220. 6
482. 2
Pacific:
311.2
284.3
394.7
i The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 501 cities with a total population of 9,590,608.
- Includes report of District of Columbia.
3 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on reports of 172 cities.
* The rates for burglary and larceny are based on reports of 205 cities.
181
182
Table 79. — Number of offenses known to the police per 100,000 inhabitants, January
to December, inclusive, 1941, by geographic divisions and population groups
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
Geographic division and population
group
NEW E.M.l AM>
' Iroup I -
Group II
Group III.
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Group I
Group II—
Group III
Group IV.
Group V.
Group VI
MlDlil.E ATLANTIC
EAST NORTH CENTRA!
Group I -
Group II
Group II I _
Group IV.
Group V
Group VI
WEST NORTH CENTRA!.
Group I „
Group II
< rroup III.
i iron) > IV
Group V
Group VI
SOUTH ATLANTIC
Group 1 2-
Group II.
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL
Group 1
Group II.
Group III
( rroup IV
Group V
Group VI
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL
Group I...
i Iroup II -
Group Ill-
Group IV
Group V
Group VI.
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V .
Group VI.
MOUNTAIN
( iroup I
Group II.
Group III
Group IV
( Iroup V
Group VI
Murder,
nonnegli-
genl man-
slaughter
1. 66
2 50
1. 16
1 . 38
1.09
2. 2'J
3.76
1.67
2. 84
1.28
1 . 49
1.36
5.81
4. 85
2. 96
2. 32
1.81
1.80
■1. 44
2. 19
14.(111
1!) 71
9.
69
15. 35
31
19
is
87
11
70
Hi
02
19.
96
16
04
9.
16
11
89
1(1
66
8
32
9
IS
2
79
67
11
06
4
47
2
02
5
93
3.82
3
40
3
OS
3
26
1
34
1
39
26. 7
18.1
24.7
13.2
15. 1
10.3
121.2
60. 2
40. 1
30. 1
29. 2
20.2
45. (I
34. 8
21.9
24. 0
17.7
13.4
64. 1
63 6
41. 5
38. 7
36. 3
51.5
SO, 1
73. 2
50. 3
29. 9
26. 3
76. :;
.'.4.0
9! 0
38. 2
24. 6
28. 7
1 1 is. 2
62. 1
50 7
15 3
;i i
31.2
Aggra-
vated
assault
IS. 4
13.3
8.2
4.4
7.3
5.9
38.8
32.4
33. 1
25. 0
19. 6
12.0
46.3
51. 1
36. 5
15. 2
12. 7
8.2
36.4
24.0
212.
1(19.
Burglary-
breaking or
entering
130. 1
194 s
111' 0
123. 8
89. 4
71.4
97. 9
107. 2
147.1
78. 8
63. 4
42.5
21.1
13. 3
31. 5
21. !
11.0
32. 9
40. 6
25. 1
17.4
1 2. 2
11.9
20. 3
153. 1
3S4. 2
217 7
is:, 2
189.3
300. 2
239. 9
250. 7
213 v
188. s
133.6
332. 0
301. 7
347. 8
282. 1
24.'.. 1
193.7
301.6
2S2. 3
295. 1
249.8
214. 7
162. 1
37S. 5
595 s
431. 7
430. 4
335. 6
301.0
Lar-
ceny
Ihefl
357. 0
777. 4
0)7.3
01 7. 3
447. -1
378. 9
524.9
501 0
576. 1
.•.L'n. 2
454.0
323. 4
929. 0
1. 141. 6
1,004. 1
925 9
751. 1
154. 4
847. s
S44. 2
1. 130. :,
99S. 3
896. 3
161 2
1. 152. 9
1 , 587. 3
1, 107 7
!, 351 5
917. 7
658. 3
599 7
1 . 1 76. 9
472. 6
1. 133. 5
17s 1
1,014. 8
391 0
1. (ISO. 0
299, 6
830. 1
199. 0
343. 5
451. 1
1.40S. s
5 IS. 5
1,620. 6
473. 4
1.418. 6
314. 7
1. 406 5
350 S
912. 0
232. s
052. 3
471.4
1.431. 1
522.2
1,578.0
186 5
1.053. 1
420. 5
1 . 865. '
353. 3
1,695.9
310 L'
1.030.4
:.c,i 9
1.009. 4
519. 8
1. 517. 4
41(1.9
1. 843 o
456. s
1,806. 5
337. 5
1, 157 2
358. 9
1,360 S
Auto
theft
i The rales for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 1 cities.
2 Includes the District of Columbia.
183
Offenses in Individual Cities H ith More Than 25,000 Inhabitants.
The Dumber of offenses reported as having been committed during
the calendar year 194] is shown in table 80. The compilation includes
the reports received from police departments in cities with more than
25,000 inhabitants according to the 1940 decennial census. Such
data are included here in order that interested individuals and organi-
zations may have readily available up-to-date information concerning
the amount of crime committed in their communities. Police admin-
ist rators and other interested individuals will probably find it desirable
to compare the crime rates of their cities with the average rates shown
in tables 7") and 79 of this publication. In order to determine whether
ciime has increased or decreased in individual communities reference
should be made to tables in prior issues of the bulletin showing offenses
committed in individual cities.
Caution should be exercised in comparing crime data for individual
cities, because differences in the figures may be due to a variety of
factors. The amount of crime committed in a community is not
solely chargeable to the police but is rather a charge against the
entire community. The following is a list of some of the factors
which might affect the amount of crime in a community.
Population of the city and metropolitan area adjacent thereto.
The composition of the population with reference particularly
to age, sex. and race.
The economic status and activities of the population.
Climate.
Educational, recreational, and religious facilities.
The number of police employees per unit of population.
The standards governing appointments to the police force.
The policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts.
The attitude of the public toward law-enforcement problems.
The degree of efficiency of the local law-enforcement agency.
In comparing crime rates it is generally more important to determine
whether the figures for a given community show increases or decreases
in the amount of crime committed than to ascertain whether the
figures are above or below those of some other communitv.
184
Table 80.-
-Number of offenses known to the police, January to Decembei
1-941. cities over 25,000 in population
inclusive,,
[Based on 1940 decennial census!
City
Abilene, Tex
Akron, Ohio
Alameda, Calif
Albany, N. Y
Albuquerque, N. Mex.
Alexandria, La
Alexandria, Va _
Alhambra, Calif.
Aliquippa, Pa ..
Allentown, Pa. . .
Alton, 111
Altoona, Pa
Amarillo, Tex.. .
Amsterdam, N. Y.
Anderson, Ind
Ann Arbor, Mich.
Anniston, Ala
Appleton, Wis
Arlington, Mass...
Arlington, Va
Asheville, N. C
Ashland, Ky
Atlanta, Ga
Atlantic City, N. J.
Auburn, N. Y
Augusta Qa.
Aurora, 111 ._
Austin, Tex
Rakersfield, Calif.
Baltimore, Md .
Bangor, Maine
Baton Rouge, La ...
Battle Creek, Mich.
Bay City, Mich
Bayonne, N. J
Beaumont, Tex. . .
Belleville, 111
Belleville, N. J ...
Bellingham, Wash.
Belmont, Mass
Beloit, Wis...
Belvedere Township, Calif.
Berkeley, Calif...
Berwyn, 111..
Bethlehem, Pa
Beverly, Mass
Beverly Hills, Calif.
Binghamton, X. Y
Birmingham, Ala...
Bloomfield, N. J
Bloomington, 111..
Boise, Idaho
Boston, Mass. .
Bridgeport, Conn.
Bristol, Conn
Brockton, Mass _
Brookline, Mass. .
Buffalo, N. Y
Bui-bank, Calif .
Burlington, Iowa.
Murder,
nonncgli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery
1
116
5
30
4
429
23
36
11
21
16
449
8
7
17
2
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burgla-
ry—
breaking
or
entering
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
Only 2 months received
102 868 253
44 4
193 47
144 31
91
102
2
3
11
16
18
1
'.Ml
108
33
138
in
4
20
15
7
15
19
11
12
29
13
2
1
23
2
6
6
175 13
178 61
207 24
93 17
218
73
168 15
192 72
42 12
177 23
121 66
Only 1 month received
397
3
344
87
35
10
158
4
997
43
87
143
237
37
2. 253
203
32
295
92
503
133
2,132
95
217
177
No reports received
259
90
53
54
57
225
300
101
Only 7 months received
15
60
8
3
7
f,
?,
4
1
46
21
14
14
32
3
16
2
2
12
202
618
4
5
11
13
5
2
217
150
15
4
-1
3
14
1
8
2
69
155
16
1
2
152
1,734
100
129
90
837
351
61
183
316
447
106
38
71
11
675
157
15
30
38
57
53
900
23
55
16
12
11
35
31
330
17
14
20
625
241
Under
$50
1,872
227
416
1, 033
457
441
501
167
160
330
687
84
211
452
165
209
252
445
212
4,535
666
228
691
211
1, 703
862
5,887
280
351
585
619
624
161
103
157
130
315
184
844
173
112
281
582
1,853
132
191
254
2. 001
1,391
Auto
theft
397
32
176-
US
72
21
115
23;
73
115
18-
117
22
83
76
29
1. 294
265
21
94
50
101
112
3, 065
72
58
117
120
89
38
20
27
10
52
177
68
19
101
573
59
101
141
3,217
360
14
138
24
56
283
73
65
296
9s
222
1.419
680
9
S01
192
12
212
72
185
Table 80.-
-Number of offenses known to the police, January to Decembei
1941, cities over 25,000 in population — Continued
inclusive.
City
Burlington, VI
Butte, Mont
Cambridge, Mass .
Camden, X. J
Canton, Ohio
( Velar Rapids, Iowa
Centra] Falls, R. I..
Charleston, S. C
Chilliest on, W. Va .
Charlotte, N. C...
Chattanooga, Tenn.
< Ihelsea, Mass
Chester, Pa .
Chicago, 111. .
Chicopee, Mass
Cicero, 111...
Cincinnati, Ohio
Clarksburg, W. Va
Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland Heiehts, Ohio.
Clifton, N. J
Clinton, Iowa
Colorado Springs, Colo.
Columbia, S. C
Columbus, Ga
Columbus, Ohio
Concord, X. H._
Corpus Christi, Tex_.
Conncil Bluffs, Iowa.
Covington, Ky ..
Cranston, R. I
Cumberland, Md.
Dallas, Tex
Danville, 111
Danville, Va.
Davenport, Iowa.
Dayton, Ohio
1 tear born, Mich. .
Decatur, 111
Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa-
Detroit, Mich
Dubuque, Iowa...
Duluth, Minn
Durham, N. C
Kast Chicago, Ind
East Cleveland) Ohio.
Easton, Pa
East Orange, X.J
East Providence, R. I.
Kast St. Louis, 111.
Eau Claire, Wis...
Elgin, 111
Elizabeth, N. J...
Elkhart, Ind
Elmira, X. Y
El Paso, Tex.
Elyria, Ohio.
Enid, Okla...
Erie, Pa
Evanston, 111
E\ ans\ ille. Ind
Everett, Mass
K\ erett, Wash .
Fall River, Mass.
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
■ lauL'hter
16
10
22
41
1
1
228
Robbery
1
35
24
67
74
13
2
125
96
72
102
9
37
5, 313
Aggra-
vated
assault
353
172
317
189
6
27
1,544
1
Bur-
glars
breaking
or
entering
Larcenj theft
$5(1 an. 1
n\ er
62
219
307
303
313
44
386
324
522
629
127
163
10,514
S8
10
105
2
4
3
1
2
56
107
38
41
61
102
19
15
47
96
140
34
3
162
238
179
97
33
22
,125
19
30
697
259
16
37
19
31
46
5
1
25
27
5
1
6
164
347
16
12
19
87
18
9
112
63
37
33
31
28
246
68
36
29
2,242
1,416
13
2
31
73
44
75
6
2
1
5
27
1
5
1
63
100
0
3
3
3
22
17
8
3
5
5
78
64
5
1
5
10
13
15
13
13
36
76
23
456
50
86
300
L66
465
No reports received
3 1 152 '
6 I 714
55 ] 164
242 I 1,758
Xo reports received
1, 595
91
90
77
63
440
205
1,707 479
Only 1 month received
361 125
97 27
158 25
109 20
90 32
1, 764 186
165 26
214 32
186 23
681 86
253 158
251 36
1,520 I 361
464 108
6,570 1,356
48 19
242 114
254 65
181 55
110 5
11
267 1 7
115 14
227 88
50 1 5
13
343 82
73 28
18
S.5
25
Undei
$.-,0
306
209
550
449
1. 1(14
435
140
819
826
1,480
1,366
170
196
12.575
138
216
5. 025
9, 588
234
181
458
1,174
974
2, 926
1 . 207
357
321
186
316
7, 753
121
475
749
2.277
1.295
520
4.253
;
1 . 332
26, 34
336
989
462
537
203
135
209
197
426
232
172
547
446
354
1.325
179
359
673
593
1,391
185
567
99
152
186
Table 80. — Number of offenses known to the police. January to December, inclusive,
19-'iU cities over 25,000 in population -Continued
City
E argo, X. Dak
Fitchburg, Mass
Flint, Mich
Fond 'In Lac, Wis
Fort Smith, Ark .
Fort Wayne, Inrl. .
Fort Worth, Tex...
Fresno, Calif
Gadsden, Ala
Galesburg, 111
Galveston, Tex
Garfield, N.J
Gary, Ind
Glendale, Calif
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Great Falls, Mont
Green Bay, Wis
Greensboro, N. C.
Greenville, S. C.._.
Haekensack, N. J..
Hagerstown, Md...
Hamilton, Ohio
Hammond, Ind.
Hamtramck, Mich
Harrisburg, Pa - -
Hartford. Conn
Haverford Township, Pa.
Haverhill, Mass..
Hazelton, Pa .
Highland Park, Mich
High Point, N. C.
Hoboken, X. J... .
Holyoke, Mass
Honolulu. T. H .
Houston, Tex
Huntington, W. Va
Huntington Park, Calif
Hutchinson, Kans
Indianapolis, Ind
Inglewood, Calif
Irvington, N. J
Jackson. Mich
Jackson, Miss
Jacksonville, Fla
Jamestown, X. V
Jersey City, X. 3
Johnson City, Term
Johnstown, Pa
Joliet, 111
Joplin, Mo
Kalamazoo. Mich. .
Kansas City, Kans
Kansas City, Mo
Kearny. X. ,1
Kenosha, Wis
Kingston, N. Y_.
Knoxville, Tenn
Kokomo, Ind .
La Crosse. Wis
La Fayette, Ind.
Lakewood, Ohio.
Lancaster, Pa
Lansing, M ich
Laredo, Tex
Lawrence, Mass.
Murder,
nonnegli-
geut man-
slaughter
14fi
3
226
27
17
25
290
51
15
5
450
21
11
14
32
203
1
35
44
14
147
258
1
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burgla-
ry-
breaking
or
entering
134
1
17
17
109
25
64
1
342
6
166
138
96
35
59
1 06
632
30
102
399
1.043
397
119
138
280
58
539
339
89
7'.'
418
180
80
57
226
19fi
338
851
70
98
50
514
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
33
14
1911
IS
36
125
100
88
23
4
142
81
33
it;
81
67
12
18
83
73
129
119
83
159 109
Only 11 months received
Only 9 months received
30 1.056 264
202 3, 264 332
134
3
312
3
10
89
240
3
262
197
104
2.691
191
164
134
297
1.381
92
45
3
304
43
30
59
60
503
19
Complete data not received
41 l 77 |
Only 5 mouths received
13 119
15
3
334
4
3
179
248
5 is
691
43
85
30
343
95
89
si
123
145
226
52
252
3S
523
31
649
122
1,125
306
3,101
17
127
9
205
11
116
254
1,048
23
374
18
:, Is
25
453
19
301
19
394
54
623
7
233
26
324
Under
$511
199
190
1,693
116
522
1.830
3, 1S1
1,002
367
143
427
65
1. 162
1,330
2, 336
645
359
si '.I
591
82
310
377
650
575
819
1.876
83
183
42
844
295
1.990
6,843
836
666
324
2. 658
677
21(1
534
1,063
3, 082
226
187
Table 80. — Number of offenses known to the police, Jauuari/ to December, inclusive,
1941, cities over 25,000 in population -Continued
City
Lebanon, Pa
Lewiston, Maine
Lexington, Ky ._
Lima. Ohio
Lincoln, Nebr
Little Rock, Ark _
Long Beach, Calif
Lorain, Ohio
Los Angeles, Calif.
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass. . .
Lower Merion Township. Pa
Lubhock, Tex
Lynchburg, Va
Lynn. Mass
Macon, Ga
Madison, Wis
Maiden, Mass
Manchester, N. El-
Mansfield, Ohio
Marion, Ind
Marion, Ohio
Mason City, Iowa.
Massillon, Ohio
Ma\ WOOd, 111
McKeesport, Pa.
Medford, Mass..
Melrose, Mass
Memphis, Tenn_
Meriden, Conn.
Meridian, Miss
Miami, Fla
Miami Beach, Fla__
Michigan City, Ind.
Middletown, Conn.
Middletown, Ohio..
Milwaukee, Wis. ..
Minneapolis, Minn.
Mishawaka, Ind
Mobile, Ala
Moline, El
Monroe, La
Montclair, N. J
Montgomery, Ala
Mount Vernon, N. Y.
Muncie, Ind
Muskegon, Mich
Muskogee, Okla_.
Nashua, N. H
Nashville, Tenn_.
New Albany, Ind...
Newark, N.J
Newark, Ohio
New Bedford, Mass.
New Britain, Conn.
New Brunswick, N. J.
Newburgh, N. Y.
New Castle, Pa. __
New Haven, Conn...
New London, Conn...
New Orleans, La
Newport, Ky. _
Newport, R.I..
Newport News, Va
New Rochelle. N. Y.
444555°— 4
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery
23
2, 062
560
10
5
Aggra-
\ uted
assault
5
369
10
29
254
43
2
73
117
4
83
9
1
45
6
22
19
18
1
150
1
214
4
27
2
158
19
2
90
3
2
2
108
Burgla-
ry-
breaking
or
entering
Larcenj theft
49
53
266
149
106
622
1, 158
106
9,208
2,428
204
154
144
171
355
$50 and
over
165 264 108
4 174 56
Only 6 months received
14
27
93
33
19
0)
192
35
4, 442
798
62
41
30
73
105
2
740
1
60
235
4
1
16
55
29
1
109
5
19
20
174
8
17
2
270
5
342
10
5
5
15
3
2
13
3
431
22
2
155
23
94
135
58
72
36
56
66
90
86
76
1,113
138
246
1,350
104
35
34
125
757
1,424
37
412
91
87
101
477
147
19.5
131
192
72
952
48
1, 557
75
591
178
120
93
110
609
56
523
103
85
241
90
(')
23
73
20
18
380
25
30
388
211
17
18
28
243
525
36
12
26
37
27
49
37
10
3
264
6
587
14
111
13
20
23
11
259
23
592
22
18
Under
$50
137
324
1,000
492
465
1, 161
1,728
410
25, 570
4,213
373
224
706
598
906
839
361
399
374
303
298
183
234
112
155
245
107
2,878
178
268
1,631
569
196
120
385
4,250
3,300
210
758
269
344
143
436
330
282
512
405
160
1,586
231
3,171
545
1, 075
335
202
186
194
1,208
217
1,495
220
205
491
244
188
Table 80.
-Number of offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive,
1941, cities over 25,000 in 'population — Continued
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbers
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burgla-
ry-
breaking
or
entering
Larceny— theft
Auto
City
*.r>() and
over
Under
$.50
theft.
l
1,361
13
177
13
5
12
163
43
9
144
39
13
11
1
2,743
41
179
11
160
8,387
245
908
92
133
(')
(')
62
287
9
25
436
15. 788
415
2. 548
52
134
182
3. 779
396
755
2, 548
938
130
460
318
290
153
457
162
1, 593
292
336
546
345
774
410
2, 645
1,362
2. 739
279
174
555
321
502
764
4. 131
853
344
1.204
511)
259
539
539
627
147
2, 594
365
710
305
1. 704
.".73
404
434
143
173
_MI(i
2. 0S4
1.244
1.001
7, 421,
58
New York, N. Y.»
Niagara Falls, N. Y ..
268
2
30
11,330
142
Norfolk, Va
649
46
2
1
13
35
Only 3
3
132
2
2
258
61
57
18
125
1,381
258
189
787
494
95
289
63
54
90
123
76
317
177
485
264
246
349
sports rece
148
3,324
355
:-i. 570
170
103
373
42
134
392
1.99(1
16
208
49
24
91
78
20
61
21
12
7
19
13
119
55
41
43
66
62
ved
42
1,080
57
522
16
35
75
6
11
83
702
15
Oakland. Calif,
645
Oak Park, HI
•35
2
8
10
139
Oklahoma City, Okla .
312
305
37
Orlando, Fla
4
1
1
2
8
1
2
3
1
81
18
4
19
4
20
15
32
8
44
58
16
759
76
614
5
20
3
3
17
344
30
1
28
31
16
7
20
14
13
144
13
25
1
20
14
18
4
8
1
6
46
4
7
33
144
31
36
62
No n
158
801
12
340
1
2
24
12
8
3
65
75
Owensboro, Ky._
42
11(1
Parkersbure, W. Va
42
206
S4
349
107
Pensaeola, Fla _..
Peoria, 111 :... .
Perth Am boy, N. J
Petersburg, Va
Philadelphia, Pa
3
3
6
105
10
25
1
105
261
80
3. 1 65
200
Pittsburgh, Pa
Pittsfield, Mass
2,301
75
Plainfleld, N. J
94
Pontiac, Mich
Port Arthur, Tex
3
1
2
1
7
14
1
3
3
1
1
10
6
1
32
1
4
1 92
Port Huron, Mich
Portland, Maine ...
1(12
20fi
Portland, Oreg .-,
795
Portsmouth, Ohio
No reports received
232
12
38
25
11
Only 6
246
69
733
217
101
months re
131
83
48
194
15
28
sen ed
29
123
30
Providence, R. I -
607
124
31
Quincv, Mass
97
Raleigh, N. C
100
24
Only i
10
356
10
67
1
41
13
3
50
22
1
1
55
47
16
628
273 57
314 51
months received
93
139
so
880
158
137
42
436
206
96
76
79
32
119
809
335
224
3, 042
45
342
7
89
11
147
57
37
20
5
9
14
176
49
54
60
584
64
157
13
4
318
Rockford, ill
114
Rock Island. Ill
1
4
2
1
5
8
4
66
47
Rockv Mount. N. C
53
66
Rome, N. Y
3(1
Roval Oak, Mich
7
136
12
21
457
74
414
179
129
St. Louis, Mo _
1 . 061
189
Table 80. -Number of offenses known to the police, January to December, inclusive,
1941, cities over 25,000 in population — Continued
City
St. Paul, Minn
St. Petersburg, Fia ....
Salem, Mass
Salem, Ores
Salt Lake City, Utah.
San Angelo, Tex
San Antonio, Tex .
San Bernardino, Calif
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco, Calif
San Jose, Calif .
Santa Ana, Calif
Santa Barbara, ("alif.
Santa Monica, Calif
Savannah. C,a
Schenectady, N. Y.
Scranton, Pa
Seattle, Wash
Sharon, Pa
Sheboygan, Wis
Shreveport, La
Sioux City, Iowa ...
Sioux Falls, S. Dak
Somerx ille, Mass
South Bend, Ind .
South Gate, Calif
Spartanburg, S. C.
Spokane, Wash
Springfield, 111
Springfield, Mass
Springfield, Mo
Springfield, Ohio .
Stamford, Conn
Steubenville, Ohio
Stockton, Calif ...
Superior, Wis .
Syracuse, X. Y
Tacoma, Wash
Tampa. Fla _
Taunton, Mass.
Teaneck, N.J _.
Terre Haute, Ind
Toledo, Ohio
Topeka, (Cans
Torrington, Conn
Trenton, N. J _.
Troy, X. V
Tucson, Ariz ...
Tulsa. Ok la
Tuscaloosa \la
Tyler, Tex
Union City. X. .1
University City, Mo
Upper Darby, Pa
Utica, X. V
2
Waltham, Mass.
VVarren, Ohio .
4
Warwick, K. I
Washington, I). C
Washington, Pa
53
Waterbury, Conn
1
Waterloo. Iowa
Watertow n, Mass.
Watertown, N. Y.
Murder,
nonnegli-
genl man-
slaughter
11
81
2
123
27
llo
558
9
54
57
10
20
242
2
1
29
22
10
14
54
17
15
53
40
8
lti
14
3
32
65
6
11
05
45
Aggra-
vated
assault
31
186
17
1
49
14
22
2(10
6
9
4
18
3
705
2
20
14
418
2
38
344
6
5
14
158
10
39
57
1
Burgla-
ry—
breaking
or
entering
425
63
130
783
45
903
210
167
120
127
302
192
200
239
2, 595
58
82
268
169
117
355
415
218
80
530
229
352
249
231
104
167
356
122
399
439
517
Lara ny— theft
$50 and
over
176
88
15
33
213
13
292
53
377
543
32
23
35
160
318
533
10
17
61
90
22
37
128
32
45
85
62
123
50
55
88
34
44
19
114
119
123
Only 5 months received
1
15
121
6
1
104
9
24
195
29
34
270
1, 159
530
30
647
151
240
888
94
121
3
10
164
68
136
55
2. 521
47
294
86
58
54
13
54
323
22
16
129
36
73
230
54
75 21
Only 1 1 months receh ed
138 I 58
148 12
183 I 44
18
17
24'
1.070
15
98
26
17
27
Cnder
$50
2, 083
1.035
255
:.7!l
2,153
141
2.620
833
2. 940
5. 766
978
686
605
1,617
2, 324
450
415
4, 154
76
34(1
1.212
959
534
310
1.297
512
304
1,645
889
911
672
300
290
1.065
390
991
1 . 352
1.377
73
325
2.863
873
87
947
27li
1.019
2.346
270
121
255
2(11
665
41.1
HI
413
135
7,967
128
301
566
124
591
190
Table 80. — Nvmbcr of offenses known to the police, January to December ^inclusive.
1941, cities aver 25,000 in population — Continued
City
Waukegan, 111
Wausau, Wis
Wauwatosa, Wis
West Allis, Wis_ .
West Hartford, Conn
West Haven, Uonn. . .
West New York. N. J._
West Orange, N. .1
West Palm Beach, Fla.
Wheeling, W. Va
White Plains, N. Y.
Wichita, Kans
Wichita Falls, Tex _
Wilkes-Barre, Pa
Wilkinsburg, Pa
Williamsport, Pa
Wilmington, Del
Wilmington, N. C
Winston- Salem, N. C.
Woodbridge.N. J
Woonsocket, R. I.
Worcester, Mass .
Wyandotte, Mich_
Yakima, Wash .
Yonkers, N. Y
York, Pa
Youngstown, Ohio_
Zanesville, Ohio
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
157
19
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burgla-
ry-
breaking
or
entering
92
27
35
60
134
Larceny — theft
$50 and
over
1 103 I 15
Only 3 months received
22
14
47
35
76
10
33
2
46
315
190
4
2
14
74
18.r.
235
49
288
172
194
110
110
429
115
299
63
48
165
240
665
163
15
73
36
39
29
61
40
11
11
162
68
33
9
21
122
14
53
34
16
61
45
Under
$50
149
295
148
422
134
183
134
535
300
164
1, 253
1. 445
253
124
329
1,248
385
380
224
1,028
165
931
506
356
1.334
417
Auto
theft
17
57
47
53
124
156
89
42
73
250
129
83
8
45
403
2<>
7S
95
84
464
81
1 Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
2 Figures include offenses committed by juveniles .this is in accord with the uniform reporting procedure
followed by other cities.
191
Offenses Known to Sheriffs, State Police, and Other Rural Officers, 1941.
In compiling uniform crime reports, the FBI tabulates urban
crimes separately from rural crimes. The figures presented in the
preceding tables are based on reports received from police depart-
ments in urban communities (places with 2,500 or more inhabitants).
Available rural crime data are presented in table 82, and in table 81
is shown a percentage distribution of urban and rural crimes.
Table 81. — Comparison of average groups of 100 urban crimes and 100 rural
crimes
Offense
Pei
cent
Offense
Percent
Urban
Rural
( 'rhan
Rural
Total
Kill. II
100.0
Robbery
3.1
3.5
59. 7
21.0
11.9
is 0
26. 7
10. 7
Rape_ .
Murder
.6 2.3
.3 1.3
.3 1 '
The preceding comparison reveals that 4.3 percent of the urban
crimes were offenses against the person (criminal homicide, rape, and
aggravated assault), whereas the corresponding' rural figure was 11.1
percent.
Obviously, this does not mean that the total of crimes against the
person committed in rural areas is greater than in urban communities,
because the figures in table 81 represent only average groups of fOO
urban crimes and 100 rural crimes. In connection with the rural
crime data, it may be noted that some of the reports listing rural
crimes indicate that they possibly were limited to instances in which
arrests were made. Such incompleteness would tend to decrease
the proportion of property crimes and to increase the percentage
of rural crimes against the person, inasmuch as property crimes are
less frequently followed by arrests than are the more serious crimes
against the person.
Table 82. — Offenses known, January to December, inclusive, 1941, as reported l>y
1 ,.'.',.') sheriffs, 9 State police organizations, and 95 village officers
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary
breaking Larceny-
or enter- theft
ing
Alltn
thefl
Offenses known
2, 665
3. (167
7, 191
30, 487
12, L66
192
Offenses Known in Territories and Possessions of the United States.
There are presented in table 83 the available data concerning-
ciimes committed in Territories and possessions of the United States.
Included are the figures taken from reports received from the first,
second, and third judicial divisions of Alaska; Honolulu City, and the
county of Honolulu in the Territory of Hawaii; and the Isthmus of
Panama, C. Z. The tabulation is based on offenses reported by law-
enforcement officials policing both the urban and rural areas, except
that the data for Honolulu City have been segregated from the
figures for Honolulu County.
Table 83. — Number of offenses known in United Slate.* Territories and possessions,.
January to December, inclusive, 1941
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Jurisdiction reporting
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Bob-
bery
3
1
2
4
1
8
25
4
5
3
14
Aggra-
vated
assault
Larceny —
Burglary
theft
breaking
or enter-
ing
Over
Under
$.50
$50
14
19
34
38
3
22
9
9
18
1, 056
264
1,990
215
33
196
73
66
874 '
Auto
theft
Alaska:
First judicial division (Juneau),
population, 25,241; number of
offenses known .. .
Second judicial division (Nome),
population, 11,877; number of
offenses known
Third judicial division (Valdez),
population, 19,312; number of
offenses known
Hawaii:
Honolulu City, population, 179,358;
number of offenses known
Honolulu County, population, 78,898;
number of offensesk now n
Isthmus of Panama: Canal Zone, popula-
tion, 51,827; number of offenses know a
3
2
417
83
117
193
Data From Supplementary Offense Reports.
Residences totaling 47,781 were burglarized last year find 66.9 per-
cent of these homes were unlawfully entered during the night, accord-
ing to the supplementary offense reports received from 232 cities in
the United States with population in excess of 25,000. Stores, office
buildings, warehouses, and other nonresidence structures totaling
51,200 were burglarized, and 90.6 percent of these crimes were com-
mitted during the night.
Robberies numbered 18,338 in these cities, of which 10,676 (58.2
percent) were classed as highway robbery. Thirty-three and nine-
tenths percent of the robberies involved oil stations, chain stores,
banks, and other commercial houses.
Larcenies unaccompanied by the elements of burglary or robbery
totaled 283,075 in the cities represented in table 84. Thefts of
automobile accessories last year accounted for 17.9 percent of the
larcenies, as compared with 14.2 percent in 1940, which indicates
that this type of theft is increasing. Thefts of other types of property
from automobiles made up 18.1 percent, and 18.3 percent more were
bicycle thefts. Thus, more than half of the larcenies were thefts of
bicycles or some type of property from automobiles.
In 67.2 percent of the larcenies, the stolen property was valued from
$5 to $50; in 22.3 percent of the cases the property was valued at
less than $5; and property valued in excess of $50 was stolen in 10.5
percent of the cases.
More than half (52.1 percent) of the 2,596 offenses of rape reported
were forcible in nature, and the remainder were classed as statutory
offenses (no force used — victim under age of consent).
194
Table 84. — Number of known offenses with divisions as to the nature of the' criminal
act, time and place of commission,, and value of property stolen, January to Decem-
ber, inclusive, 1941; cities over 25,000 in population, grouped by size
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Number of actual offenses
( Iroup 1
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Total
Classification
22 cities.
over
250,000;
population
15,243,646
36 cities.
100,000
to
250,1 Kill:
population
5,019,766
61 cities,
50,000
to
100,000;
population
4,283,223
113 cities,
25,000
to
50.000;
population
3,950,226
232 cities;
total
population
28,496,861
Rape:
Forcible. ... . _ _
Statutory
789
791
245
159
200
173
118
121
1.352
1.214
Total
1,580
404
373
239
2. 596
Robbery:
7, 485
3,664
1,145
120
591
19
350
1,593
356
180
28
71
2
92
987
209
153
32
65
1
81
611
174
112
19
51
5
142
10. 076
4. to:;
1.590
199
Residence ... .
Bank
77^
27
> 1 iscellaneous
665
Total
13, 374
2,322
1,528
1, 114
18,338
Burglary — breaking or entering:
Residence (dwelling):
Committed during night ._
Committed during day
Nonresidence (store, office, etc.):
Committed during night
Committed during day
17. 882
9,243
21,340
3,044
5,365
2, 864
10,805
667
1,895
2,311
8,212
602
3,814
1,407
6, 009
521
31.950
1 5, 825
46,366
4,834
Total
51, 509
19, 701
16,020
11,751
98,981
Larceny— theft (except auto theft)
(grouped according to value of article
stolen):
17, 797
91,208
29, 7 1 1
138,719
4,767
35, 823
12,701
3, 933
33,710
11,324
3, in:.
29, .508
9, i25
29, 002
$5 to $50
190.249
Under $5
m. 104
Total
53, 291
48, 967
42, 098
283,075
Larceny — theft (grouped as to type of
offense):
Pocket-picking ..
Purse-snatching. .
Shoplifting..
Thefts from autos (exclusive of auto
1.005
4,910
3,324
29, 033
27. 929
20, 093
51,825
861
1,127
2,037
8,512
:. st it;
10,064
22, 824
620
863
1,838
7. 427
8,241
10,690
19,288
443
564
1,601
6, 171
6, 621
10. 956
15.742
3,529
7, 404
8,800
51, L43
50 657
.'.] so:;
All other
109,679
Total
138, 719
53, 291 48. 967
42, 098
283. 075
195
ttS
&
w0 /
00
ggg£
26 %y
fim
wt<J
Ab^J
wfcp^
Wfi
1m
m
,
196
The supplementary offense reports received last year from 232
cities in the United States, each with a population in excess of 25,000,
listed thefts of 59,782 automobiles, while during the year 56,590
stolen cars (94.7 percent) were recovered. As indicated in the data
presented in table 85, the proportion of stolen automobiles recovered
is highest in the group II cities and lowest in the cities with popula-
tion from 50,000 to 100,000.
Table 85. — Number of automobiles stolen and recovered, January to December,
inclusive, 1941; cities over 25,000 in population, grouped by size
[Population figures from 194(1 decennial census]
Population group
Number (if , Number of
automobiles automobiles
stolen recovered
Percent
recovered
Group I: 22 cities over 250,000; total population, 15,243,646 .
Group II: 36 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total population, 5,019,766
Group III: 61 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total population, 4,283,-
223 ..
Group IV: 113 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total population, 3,950,-
226
Total, groups I-IV: 232 cities: total population, 28,496,-
861
95. 3
96.0
11)7
Property totaling $43,881,904.79 was stolen last year in the 232
cities represented in the two preceding tables, of which 67.6 percent
was recovered. The figures showing property stolen and recovered
in these cities, subdivided according to type of propertj involved, are
presented in table 86. Exclusive of automobiles, $16,459,812.26 in
money, jewelry, furs, clothing, and other property was stolen during
1941. while recoveries were valued at $3,51)5,474.44 (21.8 percent).
For 1940, the corresponding figure was 26.4 percent.
In examining the data in table 86 for groups of cities divided accord-
ing to size, and comparing the figures with those in the similar tabula-
tion for 1940 (see vol. XI, No. 4, p. 194), it is noted that although
cities in groups I and 11 showed decreases in the percentage of property
recovered, cities in groups III and IV generally reported a higher
percentage of recovery of stolen property during 1941.
Table 86. — Value oj property stolen and value of property recovered with divisions as
to type of property involved, January to December, inclusive, W.'tl: cities over
25,000 iri population, grouped by size
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
Type of proper! >
Value of
property
stolen
Value of
property
recovered
Percent
recov-
ered
■Groupl: 22cities over 250,000;
total population, 15,243,646.
Currency, notes, etc
Jewelry and precious metals
Furs
$2, 522, 569. 98
2. 528, 360. 42
615.858.11
1, 160.814.36
16, 497, 450. 55
$236, 515. 24
398. 132. 39
39. 779. 76
195, 389. 25
15, 852. 253. 85
910, 209. 65
9.4
15.7
6.5
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles
Currency, notes, etc.
Jewelry and precious metals
Furs
16.8
96.1
26.5
Total ..
26. 754.950.75
17. 632, 340. 14
65.9
■Group II: 36 cities, 100,000 to
250,000; total population.
5,019,766.
727, 609. 14
531, 467. 83
44. 721.. 55
258, 272. 79
1, 567, 343.98
890, 529. 02
95, 835. 03
116.410.84
8, 434. 48
71. 702. 28
4. 384, 823. 24
332. 293. 79
13.2
21.9
18.9
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles
Miscellaneous
27.8
96.0
37.3
Total .
7. 019. 944. 31
5,009,499.66
71.4
( 'urrencv, notes, etc
Jewelry and precious metals
Furs
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles
Miscellaneous
•Group 111: 61 cities, 50,000 to
100,000; total population.
4,283.223.
637, 029. 16
417,642.95
47.921.63
197,434.86
3, 543, 394. 28
770,406.91
198, 595. 90
138,958 ns
11, 134.48
60, 557. 80
3,214.449. 14
267,211.99
31.2
33.3
23.2
30.7
90.7
34.7
Total
5,613,829. 7".'
3, 890, 907. 39
69.3
'.roup IV: 113 cities, 25,000
to;,. 323. 14
380,665.21
39,921.72
149,439.03
2. SI 3. '.« 13. 72
703. 927. 12
86, 635. 04
114,873.85
5,088.00
33,880 67
2,603,569. Id
273. 775. 92
21.4
to 50,000; total population,
3,950,226.
Jewelry and precious metals
Purs
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles
30.2
12.7
22.7
92.5
38.9
Total.
4. 493, 179. 94
3, 117,822.58
69.4
< iurrencj . notes, etc
Jewelrj and precious metals
Furs
Total, groups I-IV: 232 cities,
total population, 28,496,861.
1,292,531.42
3,858, 136.41
748,423.01
1, 765,961.04
27, 122,092 5 !
5,794, 760 38
617,581.21
768,375. Hi
64. 436. 72
361. 530.00
26,055,095. 33
1. 783.551. 35
14.4
19. 9
s 6
Clothing .
Locally stolen automobiles
Miscellaneous
20.5
95.0
30.8
Total
43,881,904 79
29, 650. 569. 77
67.6
198
In 231 of the Nation's cities with over 25,000 inhabitants, IS, 336
persons were personally accosted and robbed of $2,060,331.69, an
average of $112.37 stolen in each robbery. The loot stolen in the
98,937 burglaries amounted to $5,991,486.42, an average of $60.56
per offense.
Although the property stolen in the average larceny, unaccom-
panied by the elements of robbery or burglary, amounted to only
$29.84, the aggregate property stolen in 282,844 such eases was valued
at $8,439,585.13.
The 59,750 automobiles stolen were valued at $27,389,155.38 or
$458.40 per car. However, recoveries were effected in 95 percent of
such cases, whereas slightly less than 22 percent of other types of
property was recovered.
In examining the data shown in table 87 it should be remembered
that the number of actual offenses includes attempted crimes, and
inasmuch as the thefts were not consummated, the value of the
property sought was not reported. This naturally tends to reduce
the figure with reference to the average value of property stolen per
offense.
The average value of property stolen during 1941 was higher for
each offense classification than in 1940.
Table 87. — Value of property stolen, by type of crime, January to December, inclu-
sive, 1941; 231 cities over 25,000 in population.
[Total population, 28,400,605. based on 1940 decennial census]
Classification
Kobbery . .
Burglary
Larceny- theft
Auto theft
Total
Number of
actual
o tie rises
18,336
98. 937
282, S44
59,750
Value of prop-
erty stolen
$2,060,331 69
5.991. 186. 4?
8,439.585 13
27,389, 155. 38
459,867 43,880.558.62
A v erage
value per
offense
$1 12. 37
f.0.56
29.84
458. 40
95. 42
199
200
One out of every three traffic fatalities is primarily attributable to
the gross negligence of sonic person other than the victim, according
to the supplementary homicide reports for 1941 received from 285
cities, each with over 25,000 inhabitants. The police of these cities
reported 6,787 traffic fatalities and their investigation disclosed that
2,310 (34.0 percent) of them were actual offenses of manslaughter
by negligence.
In other words, the police investigation of 34.0 percent of the traffic
deaths disclosed that they were primarily attributable to the gross
negligence of persons other than the victims.
Under the system of uniform crime reporting such cases are classed
as actual offenses of negligent manslaughter regardless of the charge
placed against the offender or the findings of the court or a semijudicial
body. In other words, the classification is based upon the facts
revealed by the police investigation.
Table 88. — Number of traffic fatalities and number of offenses of manslaughter by
negligence, January to December, inclusive, 1941, cities over 25,000 inhabitants
by population groups
[Population based on 1940 decennial census]
Number of
traffic
deaths
Manslaughter by negli-
gence
Population group
Number of
offenses
Percentage
of traffic
deaths
Group I: 33 cities over 250,000; total population 28,563,038
4,386
1,150
648
603
1,449
428
226
207
33.0
Group II: 52 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total population, 7,372,646. .
Group III: 66 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total population, 4,607,493
Group TV: 134 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total population, 4,675,808...
37.2
34.9
34.3
Total, groups I-1V: 285 cities; total population, 45,218,985..
6,787
2,310
34.0
201
Estimated Number of Major Crimes in the United States, 1940-41.
The estimated number of major crimes in the United Stales during
1941 showed an increase of 14,240 (0.9 percent) over 1940. The 1941
estimate is 1,531,272, and includes offenses of criminal homicide, rape,
robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and auto theft.
All offense classifications showed increases in 1941 except robbery
and burglary, which showed decreases of 0.7 percent and 4.4 percent
respectively.
The largest increase in 1941 (7.0 percent) was reflected in the auto
theft classification. Aggravated assault increased 4.0 percent,
negligent manslaughter 3.5 percent, rape 2.2 percent, and larceny 1.9
percent. The increase in murder was less than one percent.
These estimates are based on monthly crime reports received by
the FBI from police departments of cities with a combined population
in excess of 05 million.
It is recognized that the larceny classification includes many thefts
involving property of small value. However, it is also noted that the
estimated total of major crimes does not include miscellaneous crimes
of a serious nature, such as embezzlement, fraud, forgery, counter-
feiting, arson, receiving stolen property, drug violations, carrying
concealed weapons, etc. It is therefore believed that the estimated
totals set out in table 89 are conservative.
Table 89. — Estimated number of major crimes in the United States, 1940-41
Offense
.Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
Manslaughter by negligence
Rape
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary
Larceny
\uin theft
Total
Number of offenses
7,540
4,425
9,055
53, 435
46, 538
316.369
902, 113
177.551
1,517,026
7,562
4,582
9,257
49, 832
48, 385
302, 475
919, 120
190,059
1,531,272
Change
Number Percent
+22
+157
+202
-3. 603
+ 1,847
- 13, 894
+ 17,007
+ 12, 508
+14, 246
+0.3
+3.5
+2.2
-6.7
+4.0
-4.4
+1.9
+7.0
+0.9
202
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
Source of Data.
During the calendar year 1941 the FBI examined 630,568 arrest
records, as evidenced by fingerprint cards, in order to obtain data
concerning the age, sex, race, and previous criminal history of the
persons represented. The compilation has been limited to instances
of arrests for violation of State laws and municipal ordinances. In
other words, fingerprint cards representing arrests for violations of
Federal laws or representing commitments to any type of penal in-
stitution have been excluded from this tabulation.
The number of fingerprint records examined was somewhat larger
than for prior years, which were as follows: 1940, 609,013; 1939,
576,920; 1938, 554,376. The increase in the number of arrest records
examined should not necessarily be construed as reflecting an increase
in the amount of crime, nor as an increase in the number of persons
arrested, since it quite probably is at least partially the result of an
increased tendency on the part of local agencies to contribute finger-
print records to the Identification Division of the FBI. The tabu-
lation of data from fingerprint cards obviously does not include all
persons arrested, since there are individuals taken into custody for
whom no fingerprint cards are forwarded to Washington. Further-
more, data pertaining to persons arrested should not be treated as
information regarding the number of offenses committed, since two
or more persons may be involved in the joint commission of a single
offense, and on the other hand one person may be arrested and charged
with the commission of several separate crimes.
Offense Charged.
Persons charged with murder, robbery, assault, burglary, larceny,
or auto theft numbered 159,109 which represents 25 percent of the
total arrest records examined. Arrests for arson, rape, embezzlement
and fraud, receiving stolen property, forgery and counterfeiting, nar-
cotic drug violations, carrying concealed weapons, and driving while
intoxicated numbered 74,212. Combined with the preceding figure,
this makes a total of 233,321 arrests for major violations during 1941.
This constitutes 37 percent of the total fingerprint arrest records
examined during the year. Figures for individual offense classes are
shown in table 90.
Sex.
The records examined during 1941 included 57,799 sets of finger-
prints of women arrested. This represents an increase of 5,849 (11.3
percent) over the 51,950 female arrests during the preceding year.
Some offense classes, however, showed decreases in the number of
women arrested as follows: Receiving stolen property, 6.1 percent;
203
embezzlement and fraud, 16.9 percent; narcotic violations, 52.0 per-
cent; arson, 12.8 percent; and offenses against family and children, 2.0
percent. On the other hand, some of the classifications showing sub-
stantial increases in female arrests were assault, 12.9 percent; auto
theft, 15.4 percent; carrying concealed weapons, 13.0 percent; driving
while intoxicated, 18.8 percent; disorderly conduct, 26.5 percent;
drunkenness, 21.1 percent; vagrancy, 30.8 percent.
Males arrested and fingerprinted during 1941 numbered 572,769 as
compared with 557,063 the preceding year, an increase of 2.8 percent.
Some of the offense classes reflecting the largest increases in male
arrests were assault, 11.0 percent; offenses against family and children,
17.1 percent; driving while intoxicated, 18.0 percent; disorderly con-
duct, 17.8 percent; drunkenness, 23.4 percent. In addition, criminal
homicide arrests of males increased 4.2 percent, and auto theft arrests
5.0 percent.
In 1941, arrests of women numbered 9.2 percent of the total records
examined, and the corresponding figures for prior years are as follows:
1940, 8.5 percent; 1939, 7.6 percent; 1938, 6.8 percent.
Table 90. — Distribution of arrests by sex Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1941
Offense charged
Number
Total Male
Female
Percent
Total Male Female
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children...
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws. . .
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
165
826
037
396
057
845
978
910
810
930
273
167
593
139
295
363
007
386
39
184
948
748
090
510
S(X
085
311
5, 910
11,544
34, 157
29, 371
52, 938
13,817
13,960
2,730
828
6,353
5,930
2,429
9,409
1,651
5,844
9,052
8,491
33, 054
7,234
36
10, 921
30, 314
133, 594
42, 925
12,698
51, 029
3,654
32, 896
718
621
3, 669
666
5, 458
24(1
885
248
82
457
6,844
1, 758
942
295
243
1,872
953
152
3
263
4, 634
9,154
6,165
S!L>
6,819
431
3,415
1.1
1.9
6.0
4.8
9.3
2.2
2.4
.5
.1
1.0
.9
1.5
1.8
.4
1.0
1.5
1.6
5.4
1.2
(0
1.8
5.5
22.6
7.8
2. 1
9.2
.6
5.8
1.0
2.0
6.0
5.1
9.3
2.4
2.4
. 5
.1
1.1
1.0
.4
1.7
.3
1.0
1.6
1.5
5.8
1.3
0)
1.9
5.3
23.3
7.5
2.2
8.9
.6
5.8
630, 568 572. 769
57,799 100.0
100.0
1.2
1. 1
6.4
1.2
9.5
.4
1.5
.4
.1
11.9
3.0
1.6
.5
.4
3.2
1.7
.3
P)
.5
8.0
15.8
10.7
1.4
11.8
.7
5.9
100.0
1 Less than Mo of 1 percent.
204
Age.
Age 19 again predominated in the frequency of arrests. This was
true not only in 1941 but also in 1932-34 and 1939-40. During 1935-
38 arrests for ages 21, 22, and 23 exceeded arrests for age 19.
In 1941, arrests for age 18 were second in frequency to age 19.
The only other year in which this condition existed during the decade
1932-41 was 1939.
The 110,772 persons under 21 years of age arrested and fingerprinted
in 1941 constitute 17.6 percent of the total of 630,568. The corre-
sponding percentages for prior years were: 1940, 17.5; 1939, 18.9;
1938, 18.8; 1937, 18.0; 1936, 17.4.
In addition to those under voting age, there were 87,670 (13.9
percent) between the ages of 21 and 24, making a total of 198,442
(31.5 percent) less than 25 years old. Arrests of persons from 25 to
29 years old numbered 96,398 (15.3 percent). The resultant total is
294,840 (46.8 percent) less than 30 years of age. (With reference to
the ages of persons represented by fingerprint cards received at the
F B I, it should be borne in mind that the number of arrest records is
doubtless incomplete in the lower age groups because in some juris-
dictions the practice is not to fingerprint youthful individuals.)
The 1941 figures clearly indicate that youths committed a large
portion of the total offenses against property. This is a continuation
of the trend revealed in prior years, and is especially true with refer-
ence to robbery, burglary, larceny, and auto theft as shown in the
following tabulation.
Table 91. — Percentage distribution of arrests by age groups, male and female,
Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1941
Age group
All
offenses '
Criminal
homicide
Robbery
Burglary
Larceny
Auto
theft
Under 21
17.6
29.2
25.9
16.7
10.4
.2
13.0
34.8
27.6
15.0
9.4
.2
33.0
41.7
18.2
5.7
1.3
. 1
46.6
29.8
15. 1
6.0
2.4
. 1
33.3
30.0
20.0
10.8
5.7
.2
57.6
21-29
30-39
40-49
29.9
8.8
2.8
50 and over
Unknown
.8
.1
Total
100. 0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Kill (1
100.0
1 Not limited to specific crimes listed in the table.
205
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206
207
The extent of the problem of the youthful offender is further indi-
cated by an examination of the age distribution of all persons arrested
for crimes against property. During the calendar year 1941, there
were 140,198 persons of all ages arrested for robbery, burglary, larceny,
auto theft, embezzlement and fraud, forgery and counterfeiting, re-
ceiving stolen property, and arson; and 48,580 (34.7 percent) of those
persons were less than 21 years old. The corresponding percentages
for prior years are as follows: 1940, 32.2; 1939, 32.9; 1938, 31.5; 1937,
31.0; 1936, 28.5. These figures indicate rather clearly an increasing
participation in the commission of major crimes against property by
persons under voting age.
Further evidence of the youth problem in crime is seen in the figures
which show that persons less than 25 years old numbered 56.0 per-
cent of those charged with robbery, 63.1 percent of those charged with
burglary, 49.1 percent of those charged with larceny, and 75.5 percent
of those charged with auto theft.
Table 93.
-Number and percentage of arrests of persons under 25 years of age,
male and female, Jan 1-Dec. SI, 1941
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault -
Burglary— breaking or entering -
Larceny — theft
Auto theft...
K mbezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children ..
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws.-.
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
Total num
ber of per-
sons ar-
rested
6,628
12, 165
37, 826
30. 037
58, 396
14,057
14, 845
2,978
910
6,810
5,930
9,273
11, 167
2. 593
6,139
9,295
10, 363
34, 007
7,386
39
11, 184
34. 948
142, 748
49. 090
13. 510
57. 848
4, 085
36.311
630, 568
Number
under 21
years of age
864
4,011
4,556
14, 004
19, 472
8,100
1,198
578
152
1,065
1,648
741
1,705
263
1,175
461
769
1,421
1,385
1
2,487
5,224
5,763
13, 795
601
110,772
Total num-
ber under
25 years of
age
1,943
6.808
10. 379
18, 961
28, 684
10.616
3,073
1,019
286
2,238
2,876
3, 167
3.528
702
2,257
1,818
2,073
5, 032
3,024
10
4,870
10. 603
16. 547
15.941
2, 261
23, 446
1.188
15,092
198. 442
Percentage
under 21
years of age
13.0
33.0
12.0
46.6
33.3
57.6
8.1
19.4
16. 7
15. 6
27.8
8.0
15.3
10.1
19.1
5.0
7.4
4.2
18.8
2.6
22.2
14.9
4.0
18.2
6.6
23. 8
14.7
26.2
17.6
Total per-
centage
under 25
years of age
29.3
56.0
27.4
63.1
49.1
75.5
20.7
34.2
31.4
32.9
48. 5
34.2
31.6
27.1
36.8
19.6
20.0
14.8
40.9
25.6
43.5
30.3
11.6
32.5
16.7
40. 5
29.1
41.6
31.5
Criminal Repeaters.
Fifty-one persons were arrested for criminal homicide during 1941
whose records showed prior convictions of murder or manslaughter.
Similarly, there were 653 persons charged with robbery and 3,126
charged with burglary wThose records showed prior convictions of
robbery and burglary respectively. Confirming the results of tabu-
208
lations in previous years, the 1941 data reveal a tendency on the
part of recidivists to repeat the same type of crime, especially inso-
far as crimes against property are concerned.
As shown in table 94, 213,027 of the persons arrested and finger-
printed in 1941 already had records on file showing convictions of
previous offenses. The records of those persons showed a total of
630,912 prior convictions, of which 238,937 involved major offenses
while 391,975 represented less serious violations.
Although women represented 9.2 percent of the total persons ar-
rested and fingerprinted during 1941, only 6.1 percent of the 213,027
persons whose records showed prior convictions were women. Simi-
larly, whereas 51.9 percent of the total males arrested and finger-
printed during the year already had fingerprint cards on file, the
corresponding percentage for women was 39.6.
Table 94. — Number of cases in which fingerprint records show one or more prior
convictions, and the total of prior convictions disclosed by the records, male and
female, Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1941
Offense charged
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault. _. ...
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc.
Arson .
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice- -
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws___
Parking violations _.
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws .
Disorderly conduct.-..
Drunkenness. ..
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated. .
All other offenses
Tnt;ll
Number of
records show-
ing one or
more prior
convictions
714
976
048
116
<)i',s
705
736
173
698
122
206
198
206
698
L02
376
259
U7
9
1 1X7
329
969
023
ssn
538
307
570
213,027
Number of
prior con-
victions of
major
offenses
1,711
7,637
13, 203
21.415
32, 522
3,816
7,546
1,073
195
4,840
1,797
4,864
3,017
3,140
2,303
2, 055
2,477
7,341
1,297
4
2. 747
9,729
39, 428
20, 744
3,386
23, 384
1,261
14, 005
238, 937
Number of
prior con-
victions of
minor
offenses
1,356
5, 359
12, 447
10, 365
25,314
3,678
4,763
929
191
2,034
1,270
2,827
2,963
1,389
2,053
2,030
5, 701
9,389
1,411
12
3,174
22, 285
171, 526
52, 131
2,448
25, 524
1,986
17, 420
391,975
Total num-
ber of prior
convictions
disclosed
3,067
12, 996
25, 650
31, 780
57, 836
9,494
12. 309
2,002
386
6,874
3,067
7,691
5,980
4,529
!. 356
4,085
8,178
16, 730
2,708
16
5,921
32, 014
210. 954
72. 875
5, 83 1
is. '.Ills
3, '247
31.425
630, 912
209
Race.
Most of the persons represented in lliis tabulation were members
of the white and Negro races. With the exception of Mexicans,
who numbered 23,127, members of the white race represent 452,275
of the 630,568 arrest records received, while 148,119 were Negroes,
3,624 Indians, 775 Chinese, 570 Japanese, and 2,078 were of other
races.
Table 95. — Distribution of arrests according to race, mah and female, Jan. 1-
Dec. 81, 1941
( (Sense charged
Race
White
Negro
In-
dian
Chi-
nese
Jap-
anese
Mex-
ican
All
others
Total
all races
Criminal homicide . ....
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft _
Embezzlement and frauds . .
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc.
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children ..
Liquor laws.
Driving while intoxicated. ..
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws.
Disorderly conduct
I >runkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling. .
Suspicion
Not stated.
All other offenses ... ..
Total.
3,288
7,385
19, 115
20, 810
38, 427
11, 166
12. 727
2,008
703
6,052
4,129
6.619
8,863
1, 540
2,847
7,441
5, 169
29, 604
5. 406
24
8.016
23. 496
115.2611
36. 081
6,903
39. 936
2, 960
26, 300
452, 275
3, 130
4,138
17, 021
8, 233
18, 134
2,289
1,932
894
188
615
1,483
2,297
1,954
543
3, 045
1,450
5,038
2, 468
1,729
14
2,575
9,811
17. 544
9.976
5. 757
16,282
866
8,713
148, 119
24
37
139
108
21 IS
93
26
3
1
34
25
72
34
8
8
33
33
284
38
65
190
1,455
245
11
240
36
174
3.624
5
20
28
16
26
2
4
2
1
4
2
15
267
3
13
10
14
20
39
169
21
8
61
24
1!)2
69
3
22
141
502
1,291
784
1,455
484
125
65
15
76
243
207
248
195
173
352
98
1,558
191
1
460
1,327
S, 157
2,528
262
1. 103
189
897
35
78
216
76
136
21
22
6
2
19
46
47
44
30
50
15
9
55
15
570 23, 127
50
106
223
197
216
197
23
144
2,078
6,628
12, 165
37, 826
30, 037
58, 396
14,057
14, 845
2,978
910
6,810
5,930
9,273
11, 167
2. 593
6,139
9, 295
10, 363
34, 007
7,386
39
11. 184
34, 948
142, 748
49, 090
13, 510
57, 848
4,085
36,311
630.568
OFFENSE CLASSIFICATIONS
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in part I and
part II offenses, there follows a brief definition of each classification:
Part I Offenses.
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter includes all
wilful felonious homicides as distinguished from deaths caused by negligence.
Does not include attempts to kill, assaults to kill, suicides, accidental deaths, or
justifiable homicides. Justifiable homicides excluded from this classification are
limited to the following types of cases: (1) The killing of a felon by a peace officer
in line of duty; (2) The killing of a hold-up man by a private citizen, (b) Man-
slaughter by negligence includes any death which the police investigation estab-
lishes was primarily attributable to gross negligence on the part of some individual
other than the victim.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape (no force used — victim under
age of consent), assault to rape, and attempted rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as strong-arm robbery, stick-ups,
robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by the use of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe-
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or a theft, even though no force
was used to gain entrance. Includes attempted burglary. Burglary followed by
larceny is included in this classification and not counted again as larceny.
6. Larceny — theft (except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value;
(b) under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, thefts of bicycles, automobile accessories,
shoplifting, pocket-picking, or any stealing of property or article of value which
is not taken by force and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement,
"con" games, forgery, worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven
away and abandoned, including the so-called joy-riding thefts. Does not include
taking for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unauthorized use
by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
Part II Offenses.
8. Other assaults. — Includes all assaults and attempted assaults which are not
of an aggravated nature and which do not belong in class 4.
9. Forgery and counterfeiting. — Includes offenses dealing with the making,
altering, uttering, or possessing, with intent to defraud, anything false which is
made to appear true. Includes attempts.
10. Embezzlement and fraud. — Includes all offenses of fraudulent conversion,
embezzlement, and obtaining money or property by false pretenses.
11. Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing. — Includes buying, receiving,
and possessing stolen property as well as attempts to commit any of those offenses.
(210)
211
12. Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc. — Includes all violations of regulations
or statutes controlling the carrying, using, possessing, furnishing, and manufactur-
ing of deadly weapons or silencers and all attempts to violate such statutes or
regulations.
13. Prostitution and commercialized vice. — -Includes sex offenses of a commercial-
ized nature, or attempts to commit the same, such as prostitution, keeping bawdy
house, procuring, transporting, or detaining women for immoral purposes.
14. Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution and commercialized vice). — In-
cludes offenses against chastity, common decency, morals, and the like. Includes
attempts.
15. Offenses against the family and children. — Includes offenses of nonsupport,
neglect, desertion, or abuse of family and children.
16. Narcotic drug laws. — Includes offenses relating to narcotic drugs, such as
unlawful possession, sale, or use. Exclude Federal offenses.
17. Liquor laws. — With the exception of "Drunkenness" (class 18) and "Driving-
while intoxicated" (class 22), liquor law violations, State or local, are placed in
this class. Exclude Federal violations.
18. Drunkenness. — Includes all offenses of drunkenness or intoxication.
19. Disorderly conduct. — Includes all charges of committing a breach of the
peace.
20. Vagrancy. — Includes such offenses as vagabondage, begging, loitering, etc.
21. Gambling. — Includes offenses of promoting, permitting, or engaging in
gambling.
22. Driving while intoxicated. — Includes driving or operating any motor vehicle
while drunk or under the influence of liquor or narcotics.
23. Violation of road and driving laws! — Includes violations of regulations with
respect to the proper handling of a motor vehicle to prevent accidents.
24. Parking violations. — Includes violations of parking ordinances.
25. Other violations of traffic and motor vehicle laws. — Includes violations of
State laws and municipal ordinances with regard to traffic and motor vehicles
not otherwise provided for in classes 22-24.
26. All other offenses. — Includes all violations of State or local laws for which
no provision has been made above in classes 1-25.
27. Suspicion. — This classification includes all persons arrested as suspicious
characters, but not in connection with any specific offense, who are released with-
out formal charges being placed against them.
INDEX TO VOLUME XII, UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
[All references are to page numbers]
Age of offenders. (See Arrests.)
Annual crime trends: Page
( 'ities grouped by size 6-8, 70-73, 134-136
Estimated total number of major crimes, 1940-41 168-169, 201
Arrests— based on fingerprint records 118-126, 155-162, 202-209
Age of offenders 121-124, 157-160, 204-207
Race of offenders 125-126, 161-162, 209
Recidivism 124-125, 160-161,207-208
Sex of offenders 119-120, 156-157,202-203
Automobiles — percentage of stolen recovered. __ 86,94,148,196
Classification of offenses. _ 2-3, 62-63, 66-67, 127-128, 130, 163-164, 170, 210-211
Cleared by arrest, offenses 18-24, 36-38
By geographic divisions _ _ ! 39-61
Convictions, previous. (See Arrests — recidivism.)
Crimes. (*See Arrests, estimated number, offenses, persons charged, persons
found guilty, and persons released.)
Criminal repeaters. (See Arrests — recidivism.)
Employees, number of police 89-117
Fingerprint records 118-126, 155-162,202-209
Offenses known to the police:
Annual variations. 6-8, 70-73, 134-136, 168-169,201
Cities grouped by location 9-11, 74-78, 137-141, 145, 177-182
Cities grouped by location and size 9-11, 74-78, 137-141, 182
Cities grouped by size 5-6, 69-70, 132-133, 172-173
Cleared by arrest 18-24, 36-38
Cleared by arrest, by geographic divisions 39-61
Divided as to time and place and value of property stolen 84-87,
147, 193-195
Individual cities over 100,000 in population 12-14, 79-81, 142-144
Individual cities over 25,000 in population 183-190
Monthly variations 174-176
Rural areas 14-15, 82, 146, 191
Compared with urban areas _ 191
Territories and possessions of the United States 15, 82-83, 146, 192
Persons charged (held for prosecution) 21-29
By geographic divisions 39-61
For individual cities with more than 25,000 inhabitants 149-154
Persons found guilty 29-33
Persons released (not held for prosecution) 33-36
Police department employees 89-1 17
Police officers killed by criminals, 1940 90-91
Possessions and Territories of the United States, offenses in__ 15, 82-83, 146, 192
Property, value stolen and recovered - 83, 88, 148, 197-198
Prosecution, persons held for. (See Persons charged and persons found
guilty.)
(212)
213
Race of offenders. (See Arrests.)
Recidivism. (»See Arrests.) Page
Reporting area, extent of 3-4, 67-68, 131, 170-171
Rural crime data 14-15, 82, 146, 191
Compared with urban 191
Sex of offenders. (See Arrests.)
Sheriffs' reports 14-15, 82, 146, 191
State crime rates. (See Offenses known — cities grouped by location.)
State police reports 14-15, 82, 146, 191
Territories and possessions of the United States, offenses in 15, 82-83, 146, 192
Traffic fatalities, percentage classed as negligent homicide 199-200
Trends, annual crime:
Cities grouped by size 6-8, 70-73, 134-136
Estimated total number of major crimes, 1940-41 169-168, 201
Trends, monthly crime 174-176
Value of property stolen and recovered 83, 88, 148, 197-198
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