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UNIFORM
CRIME
REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
ISSUED BY THE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
WASHINGTON, D. C
Volume XVIII Number f
SEMIANNUAL BULLETIN • 1947
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume XVIII— Number 1
SEMIANNUAL BULLETIN, 1947
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
ADVISORY
[nternational Association of Chiefs of Police
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1947
OCT 7 1941
Contents
Page
Summary of volume XVIII, No. 1 1-2
Classification of offenses 2-3
Monthly reports:
Offenses known to the pohce — cities divided according to population
(table 1) 4-5
Urban crime trends (table 2) 6-7
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location
(tables 3-5) 8-11
Offenses in individual cities over 100,000 in population (table 6) 12-14
Data from supplementary offense reports (tables 7-9) 14-1 7
Rural crime rates (table 10) 17
Rural crime trends (table 11) 17-19
Police employee data:
Number of police department employees killed, 1946 (tables 12, 13)__ 20-21
Number of police department employees per 1,000 inhabitants, April
30, 1947, cities grouped by size and location (tables 12, 14) 20-25
Number of police department employees in individual cities, April 30,
1947 (tables 15, 16) 25-48
Annual reports:
Offenses known and offenses cleared by arrest, 1946 — cities divided
according to population (table 17) 49-53
Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1946 — cities divided according
to population (tables 18, 19) 54-57
Offenses known, offenses cleared, and persons found guilty, 1946,
part I offenses (table 20) 57-60
Persons charged (held for prosecution) and persons found guilty,
1946, part II offenses (table 21)___- 57, 59
Persons released (not held for prosecution), 1946 — cities divided
according to population (tables 22, 23) 62-6 3
Offenses known, offenses cleared by arrest and persons charged, 1946,
by geographic divisions (tables 24, 25) 64-67
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1947:
Sex distribution of persons arrested (table 26) 68-69
Age distribution of persons arrested (tables 27, 28) 68-7 1
Definition of part I and part II offense classifications 73-74
(II)
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department
of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume XVIII July 1947 Number 1
SUMMARY
Crime Trends — Urban and Rural
Crime for the first 6 months of 1947 was up 7.5 percent in the rural
areas and down 2.3 percent in the cities, compared with the same period
of 1946. Kapes increased 13.6 percent in the rural communities and
3.5 percent in the urban centers. Rural burglaries and larcenies rose
17.1 percent and 13.9 percent, respectively, as compared with increases
of only 2.1 percent for burglaries and 1.1 percent for larcenies in
the cities.
Robberies showed little change, decreasing 0.3 percent in the rural
areas and increasing 1.5 percent in the cities. Similarly, the rural
figures for aggravated assault increased but 1.9 percent while the
urban rise was 2.7 percent for these crimes.
Murders and negligent manslaughters in the rural areas for the
first half of 1947 were down 7.4 percent and 6.6 percent, respectively.
Urban murders decreased 6.4 percent and negligent manslaughters,
10.8 percent. Auto thefts declined sharply in both the rural areas
(19.0 percent) and in the urban communities (22.3 percent).
Value of Property Stolen
Loot of $187 was stolen in the average robbery during the first
half of 1947, while the property taken in the average burglary was
valued at $131. In larceny cases, the stolen property was valued at
$61 per offense and the average stolen car, $733. Ninety-five percent
of the stolen automobiles were recovered by the police and 24 percent
of other types of property.
Persons Arrested, January-June 1947
The 371,228 fingerprint arrest records received the first half of 1947
showed a 20.0 percent increase over those received during the same
period of 1946. Male arrests increased 20.5 percent and females,
15.7 percent. Age 21 predominated among male arrests and age 22
among the females. Of the fingerprint arrest records received,
54.6 percent were those of repeaters.
(1)
Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1946
Crimes against the person criminal homicide, rape, and felonious
assault) were solved by the police in 1946 with the arrest of the
assailant in 78.9 percent of the cases, while 25.2 of the crimes having
property as the object (robbery, burglary, larceny, and car theft)
were cleared by the arrest of the thieves. The percent cleared for
individual offense classes was as follows: Murder, 88.5; negligent
manslaughter, 81.8; rape, 74.1 , aggravated assault, 78.7; robbery, 37.1;
burglary, 29.1; larceny, 22.0; and auto theft, 28.8.
Persons Found Guilty, 1946
Nearly 83 percent of all persons charged by the police were found
guilty in 1946. This is somewhat higher than the 81 percent reported
in 1945 and the increase in the percentage found guilty was seen in
most offense classes. For 1946 the lowest percentage was for negligent
manslaughter, 43.1, and the highest, 88.5, for driving while intoxicated.
Police Killed, 1946
Along with the widespread increase in crime in 1946 there was a 39
percent jump in police employees killed in line of duty. Eighty- two
law-enforcement officers were killed during the year in 3,170 cities
for a death rate of 5.64 per 5,000,000 inhabitants as compared with
4.06 for 1945.
Number of Police Employees, April 30, 1946
Police employees numbered 1.75 per 1,000 inhabitants on April 30,
1947, a 4.8 percent increase over the figure of 1.67 for the previous
year. Generally, it is observed the large cities report more employees
per unit o^f population than the smaller places. Seven and one-tenth
percent of the employees were reported as civilian personnel without
police power.
CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES
The term ''offenses known to the police" is designed to include those
crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification occur-
ring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known to the
police through reports of police officers, of citizens, of prosecuting or
court officials, or otherwise. They arc confined to the following group
of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience to be those most
generally and completely reported to the police: Criminal homicide,
including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and (b) manslaugh-
ter by negligence ; rape ; robbery; aggravated assault; burglary — break-
ing or entering ; larceny— theft ; and auto theft. The figures contained
herein include also the number of attempted crimes of the designated
classes. In other words, an attempted burglary or robbery, for ex-
ample, is reported in the bulletin in the same manner as if the crime
had been completed. Attempted murders, however, are reported as
aggravated assaults.
''Offenses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the law-enforce-
ment agencies of contributing communities and not merely arrests or
cleared cases. Offenses committed by juveniles are included in the
same manner as those known to have been committed by adults,
regardless of the prosecutive action. Complaints which upon inves-
tigation are learned to be groundless are not included in the tabulations
which follow.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out as
current information which may throw some light on problems of
crime arid criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
In the last section of this bulletin may be found brief definitions of
part I and II offense classifications.
MONTHLY REPORTS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population
The urban crime rates for January-June 1947 are shown in table 1
along with the number of offenses reported, the number of cities used
and the population represented. The data are presented separately
for six population groups for convenience in comparing rates for indi-
vidual cities with national averages for communities of approximately
the same size. It may be observed that better than 92 percent of
the urban population is represented in the crime rate tabulations.
Following the pattern of prior periods the highest crime rates are
generally shown for the larger cities except that the aggravated as-
sault rate in group III cities (50,000-100,000) is the highest. Simi-
larly, the group III larceny rate is higher than that for cities with
population in excess of 250,000.
A comparison of the data in table 1 with the similar tabulation for
the first half of 1946 (vol. XVII, No. 1) will give a general indication
of the crime trends within population groups. Such a comparison
reflects an increase in murders only in group III cities while negligent
manslaughters increased only in group II. Eapes increased in cities
of all sizes, and auto thefts showed a decrease in each group. Bur-
gJaries increased m all except group III. Robberies were up in groups
I, IV, and VI while larcenies increased in each group except for cities
with population from 10,000 to 25,000. Aggravated assaults showed
increases in each population group except in groups IV and VI.
Crime rates for cities grouped by size and location may be found in
tables 4 and 5.
(4)
5
Table 1. — Offenses known to the police, January-June 1947; number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
TOTAL, GROUPS I-VI
2,437 cities; total population,
68,555,254:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
, GROUP I
36 cities over 250,000; total populg
tion, 29,894,166:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
65 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total pop-
ulation, 7,792.650:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP ui
107 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
ulation, 7,343,917:
Number of ofienses known-
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
212 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total popu-
lation, 7,377,654:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V
663 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total popu-
lation, 8,503,555:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
1,464 cities under 10,000; total popu-
lation, 7,643,312:
Number of ofienses known
Rate per 100,000
Criminal homi-
cide
Mur-
der,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
2,004
2.92
1,036
3.47
210
145
1.97
168
182
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
,04
738
2.47
214
2.75
122
105
1.42
113
1.33
106
1.39
Rape
4,197
6.12
2,278
7.62
5.95
359
4.89
287
3.89
396
4.66
413
5.40
Rob-
bery
21, 020
30.7
13, 228
44.2
2,781
35.7
1,642
22.4
1,24'
16.9
1,101
12.9
1,021
13.4
Aggra-
vated
assault
23, 568
34.4
12, 027
40.2
34.5
3,049
41.5
2,224
30.1
1,967
23.1
1,610
21.1
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
120. 244
203.2
1 48, 824
238.1
20, 781
266.7
14, 767
201.1
13, 134
178.0
12,883
151.5
9.855
128,
Lar-
ceny-
theft
279. 936
473.1
1 102, 478
499.7
43. 433
557.4
37, 694
513.3
36, 807
35, 621
418.9
23.903
312.
Auto
theft
64, 785
94.5
30, 786
103.0
9,844
126.3
6,937
94.5
6,273
85.0
6,197
72.9
4,748
62.1
1 Thenumberofoffensesandrateforburglary and larceny— theft are based on reports as follows: Group I,
34 cities, total population, 20,507,837; groups I-VI, 2,435 cities, total population, 59,168,925.
759995°— 47-
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Annual Trends, Offenses Known to the Police in Urban Communities
Increases were recorded for each crime category except auto theft
and criminal homicide in the urban areas of the Nation during the
first 6 months of 1947 according to the monthly reports received at
the FBI from 2,085 city police departments.
With reference to the 3.5 percent rise in the rape figures it should
be remembered that these crimes have shown a practically uninter-
rupted increase for many years. Similarly, the 2.7 percent increase in
aggravated assaults represents a continuation of a steady upswing
recorded for each of the past 7 years except 1943.
The increases in robbery and burglary which have been particularly
sharp during the past 2 years showed some leveling off tendencies
during the first half of 1947 with increases of only 1.5 percent and 2.1
percent!, respectively. Larceny, too, was showing marked increases
since the war but rose only 1.1 percent during January-June of 1947
over the same period of 1946.
Murder and negligent manslaughter declined 6.4 percent and 10.8
percent during the first 6 months of 1947 after alarming increases
beginning back in 1944. Auto thefts showed the most pronounced
change ( — 22.3 percent) during the first half of 1947 continuing a
decline which began in 1946. For all oft'enses as a group a decrease
of 2.3 percent was registered for the first half of 1947.
The urban crime trend data are shown in table 2 for the first 6
months of 1946 and 1947. The annual issue of this bulletin for 1946
(vol. XVII, No. 2) may be referred to for charts depicting the trends
in urban crime over the war years. Rural crime trend figures may
be found in table 11 of this issue.
Table 2. — Urban crime trends, January-June 1946-47
[Offenses known to the police in 2,085 cities, total population, 65,537,365; based on 1940 decennial census]
Offense
Total
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
Manslaughter by negligence
Rape
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary.- -
Larceny
Auto theft.. -
Number of offenses
January-June
1946
612,836
2,005
1,496
3,850
19, 824
20, 950
115,906
268, 761
80,043
1947
601, 242
1,876
1,334
3,984
20,124
21,514
118,361
271, 829
62,220
Change
Number
■11,693
-129
-162
+134
+300
+564
+2, 455
+3, 068
-17, 823
Percent
-2.3
-6.4
-10.8
+3.5
+1.5
+2.7
+2.1
+].l
-22.3
8
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location
As indicated in table 2 criminal homicides and auto thefts declined
for all cities as a group while other offenses showed moderate increases.
A comparison of the crime rates for geographic divisions in table 4
with the similar tabulation for the first 6 months of 1946 (vol. XVII,
No. 1) indicates the trend in some sections of the country differed
from the trends for the Nation as a whole.
The decrease in auto thefts and murders was reported in all divi-
sions except that the murder rates were somewhat higher the first half
of 1947 in the Middle Atlantic, Mountain, and Pacific areas. Other
instances where the regional trends varied from the national figures
are as follows: Robberies, which as a total were up, declined in the
South Atlantic and East South Central divisions; aggravated assaults
decreased in the East South Central divisions and showed no change
in the East North Central area; burglaries declined in the Middle
Atlantic and East North Central divisions ; and the larceny rates were
lower this year in the Middle Atlantic, East South Central, and West
South Central groups.
Crime rates for individual States for the first half of 1947 are shown
in table 4, and for cities divided according to population group within
each of the nine geographic divisions, in table 5. It wiU be observed
there is considerable variation in the amount of crime per unit of
population among the several States and geographic divisions of the
country. This is only to be expected since the volume of crime
depends upon such a large variety of factors, some of which are out-
lined in the text preceding table 6.
In examuiing the rates in the following tables it should be remem-
bered that for the purpose of uniformity the 1940 decennial census
figures were used in compiling the data and since that time marked
changes have occurred in the population of many of the cities used.
In table 3 may be found the number of cities used in preparing the
figures for each of the various subdivisions appearing in tables 4 and 5.
Table 3. — Number of cities in each State included in the tahidation of uniform crime
reports, January-June 1947
Total
Population group
Division and State
Over ]
250,000
00,000 to
250,000
50,000 to
100,000
25,000 to
50,000
10,000 to
25,000
Less than
10,000
Total:
Population, 68,555,254
2,437
36
55
107
212
563
1,464
New England:
Population, 6,092,471
194
2
10
13
36
66
67
27
21
106
13
17
10
558
3
2
9
2
16
2
6
1
37
6
6
42
5
6
1
140
7
12
1
'
32
New Hampshire
1
3
4
Middle Atlantic:
Population, 19,765,034
6
11
24
340
New Jersey
143
167
248
578
1
3
2
8
4
4
3
10
11
23
15
10
12
60
36
46
68
119
80
98
162
New York
Pennsvlvania
East North Central:
Population, 16,755,949
358
Illinois
160
73
105
160
80
280
1
1
1
4
1
4
1
3
2
4
6
4
2
8
14
10
9
14
13
12
33
13
24
33
16
60
104
42
63
101
48
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio - -- -
West North Central:
Population, 5,469,694
5
191
61
64
69
49
25
9
13
238
1
2
1
4
1
6
1
1
2
10
15
11
11
6
3
4
53
40
35
54
2
2
2
1
1
i
1
20
5
8
South Atlantic:
Population, 6,087,214
3
7
17
138
4
1
87
40
15
49
21
44
27
105
1
3
District of Columbia.. -
T?lnrida
i
--
i
4
4
1
2
4
2
5
2
10
9"
9
4
14
4
6
7
23
20
25
8
1
1
North Carolina
1
4
2
3
3
4
13
28
15
2
East South Central:
Population, 2,556,577
3
3
62
25
28
22
30
163
1
1
2
1
1
3
5
1
1
13
5
4
9
5
41
14
17
11
20
1
4
3
3
9
West South Central:
Population, 4,133,796
93
21
24
38
80
107
1
1
1
3
2
7
7
4
4
12
21
19
15
15
22
Louisiana
1
9
Oklahoma
3"
1
1
1
7
. 2
41
Mountain:
Population, 1,503,455
77
10
21
18
14
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
8
14
12
10
2
13
Colorado
Idaho
Montana
1
5
2
New Mexico
Utah
Wyoming
Pacific:
Population, 6,191,064
16
20
6
214
6
-
5
■ 7
1
17
2
4
42
16
138
California
154
29
3
1
1
3
7
13
1
30
5
7
98
22
18
Oregon
Washington
'. 31
2
3
10
Table 4. — Number of offenses known to the 'police per 100,000 inhabitants, January-
June 1947, by geographic divisions and States
[Based
on 1940 decennial census
]
Murder,
Division and State Hg^eTmln-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary-
breaking
or entering
Larceny —
theft
Auto theft
Total...
2.92
30.7
34.4
I 203. 2
1 473. 1
94.5
New England .
.53 1 10.3
6.5
141.8
292.4
70.0
Connecticut -
.28
.32
.70
10.9
6.3
11.3
3.7
8.8
3.1
14.7
12.8
3.8
4.4
2.1
10.7
4.1
18.0.
179.8
130.7
134.6
48.7
165. 8
105. 1
2 119.7
375. 1
358.0
259. 4
183.2
344.2
342.2
2 211.8
72 9
62.8
72 9
New Hampshire.--
30.5
Rhode Island
.31
66
Vermont
73 2
Middle Atlantic
1.67
65.5
New Jersey
New York
1.29
1.72
1.76
2.29
20.8
9.9
20.6
35.5
24.0
17.7
15.7
24.9
163. 9
394.0
M10.8
171.2
240. 5
3 240. 6
4 165. 2
404.3
62.3
69 6
Pennsylvania
59 5
East North Central
71.6
2.23
2.75
2.47
2. 66
.62
2.21
46.9
29.7
38.5
32.5
5.1
21.4
18.2
21.8
51.5
22.4
3.1
22.6
134.7
207.8
232.1
189.2
81.8
150.2.
242.9
445.8
600.4
451. 1
376. 5
389.5
51.0
Indiana .
105 7
Michigan
85 8
Ohio
80.4
Wisconsui
52 5
West North Central.
82.3
.93
2.42
.52
4.71
.87
9.8
1.5.8
1,5.2
38.8
13.7
10.4
3.8
36.8
4.0
8.6
4.6
.56. 6
17.0
2.6
6.1
109.1
144.5
202.0
110.9
168.5
151.6
96.7
121.4
274.4
407. 6
477.0
330.8
361. 3
450.3
549.2
414.7
599.6
84.7
Kansas
87 3
M^inuesota
73 2
90.5
Nebraska
84 4
North Dakota .
47.5
South Dakota
1.53
7.03
46 6
South Atlantic «
129.8
Delaware -
2.40
9.11
13.22
5.09
6.96
6.06
5.75
2.42
8.29
40.1
6.3.2
27.2
25.9
21.4
21.8
36.3
24.0
39.6
7.2
100.1
76.2
68.0
245. 1
75.2
106.7
24.4
84.7
237.1
517.2
206.
136. 6
247.0
197.0
289.0
154. 7
273.1
652. 9
891.7
543.5
304.9
440.0
613.7
684.3
367.9
411.2
128.2
Florida
152. 7
Georgia
139 2
153.7
North Carolina
110 3
126.4
Virginia
132 3
76.6
East South Central
137.8
11.46
4.59
6.69
9.39
6.31
30.2
62.7
1.5.0
37.2
31.0
131.8
71.3
89.6
57.5
57.0
295. 5
301.8
189. 3
263.0
279.6
381.7
467.8
437.3
379.3
639.8
125.8
Kentucky
167 7
84. 1
Tennessee
142 4
West South Central
123.7
Arkansas
8.07
6.53
4.08
6.69
2.39
39. 6
33.9
31.8
28.7
37.1
75.3
51.2
20.6
67.8
26.2
199.0
151.6
277.2
335. 2
284.3
452. 1
328. 6
616. 8
779.
884.2
93 7
90.2
Oklahoma
102.8
Texas . . ...
145.2
Momitain
129.0
5.44
2.59
.70
1.96
6.60
1.62
1.03
4.00
3.23
70.0
50. 4
20.4
20.3
66.
17.0
21.7
24.0
85.4
68.0
20.5
9.8
15. 1
29.7
54.2
18.9
20.0
42.7
399.1
333.4
238.9
156. 5
461.8
215.2
258. 5
193.3
367.5
1, .347. 4
765. 9
1,071.3
759.7
1, 487. 6
633. 4
913.0
785.1
1. 039. 2
235. 2
Colorado
91.4
Idaho
133.5
Montana
106. 1
Nevada
217 7
New Mexico. .
113.2
Utah
159.8
Wyoming
101. 3
Pacific
203.4
California
3.68
1.36
1.84
95. 5
49.1
51.1
46. 8
49.3
16.2
362. 8
420.5
362.0
1, 068. 4
978.7
913.9
207 8
Oregon
171.6
Washington
197 9
> The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 2,435 cities with a total population of
59,168,925.
2 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 556 cities with a total population of 10,378,705.
3 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on reports of 165 cities.
* The rates for burglary and larceny are based on reports of 246 cities.
5 Includes the report of the District of Columbia.
11
Table 5. — Number of offenses known to the police per 100,000 inhabitants, January-
June 1947, by geographic divisions and population groups
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
Division and group
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggravated
assault
Burglary-
breaking or
entering
Larceny-
theft
Auto theft
Total
2.92
30.7
34.4
I 203. 2
1 473. 1
94.5
New England
.53
10.3
6.5
141.8
292.4
70.0
Group I
Group II
Group III ... .. ...
.88
.81
.42
.39
.20
.23
1.67
19.4
13.1
10.4
7.3
3.1
5.1
14.7
11.9
10.0
4.3
4.2
2.1
4.4
18.0
114.7
217.2
145.7
125.5
98.3
112.9
2 119.7
268. 1
379.2
354.9
272.4
206.4
201 1
2 211.8
128.0
89.1
60.8
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Middle Atlantic
52.1
31.5
37.3
65.5
2.28
1.18
.86
1.09
.58
.67
2.29
17.1
16.7
14.0
8.5
10.1
8.0
35.5
21.4
16.3
17.6
14.8
11.2
9.0
24.9
3 140.4
153.1
139. 6
122.0
94.2
81.2
171.2
3 176.
251.8
263.0
279.5
190.7
150
404.3
74. 1
Group II
71.0
Group III
66.8
Group IV
Group V
54. 3
49.5
Group VI
33 6
East North Central
71.6
Group I
Group II_
Group III
3.17
2.49
1.87
1.48
1.07
.86
2.21
53.2
45.2
19.8
15.8
12.2
10.9
21.4
34.9
39.3
16.9
10.8
9.6
9.0
22.6
191.6
232.0
171.6
148.6
131.2
100.4
150.2
388.2
581.9
482.9
447.7
376.3
241.8
389.5
67.5
123.7
78.2
Group IV
75.4
Group V
Group VI
61.1
47.7
West North Central
82.3
Group I
3.66
1.66
1.09
1.26
1.26
1.50
7.03
38.4
18.2
12.4
8.8
8.3
10.1
36.8
48.8
13.2
9.5
2.3
6.1
5.7
109.1
156.2
194.8
210.9
154.3
124.8
89.6
274.4
354.0
497.7
580.5
499.5
408.8
204.7
599.6
98.4
106.2
Group III
109.3
Group IV
68.9
Group V
57.8
Group VI
42.1
South Atlantic^
129.8
Group I
Group II
7.62
8.66
6.98
5.84
5.25
6.37
8.29
46.3
67.2
27.6
25.0
15.8
18.1
39.6
102. 4
101.6
117.3
143.4
107.6
92.7
84.7
255.
458.6
232. 2
291.1
214.0
177.2
273.1
594.6
801.9
620.3
685.4
502.5
310.2
411.2
155.3
172.6
Group III
105.2
Group IV
130.4
Group V
Group VI
105.0
67 2
East South Central
137.8
Group I
Group II
6.25
13.51
8.19
6.17
8.07
9.83
6.31
67.2
37.8
20.3
30.8
19.5
13.1
31.0
100.5
40.8
157.7
93.1
71.5
37.0
57.0
330.5
3,34. 8
293. 3
215.9
226.7
122.3
279.6
457.0
420.7
354.2
529.5
468.1
126.2
639.8
170.2
181.5
Group III
111.1
Group IV
115.3
Group V
Group VI
120.1
55.4
West South Central
123.7
Group I
8.41
4.77
6.64
3.72
5.19
6.42
2.39
46.9
36.8
27.3
14.4
15.6
16.8
37.1
75.5
40.6
62.5
57.0
34.2
41.7
26.2
373.
347.9
248.5
229.4
185.2
137.6
284.3
751.7
918.5
653.2
594.0
472.2
249.3
884.2
153.0
141.3
Group III
130.8
Group IV
108.6
Group V
Group VI
84.7
72.0
Mountain
129.0
Group I
1.86
2.00
6.80
.81
2.18
2.81
3.23
69.2
23.3
51.9
32.1
22.8
24.8
85.4
14.3
22.0
70.6
32.1
15.6
28.1
42.7
438. 9
292.8
341.9
272.5
214.3
193.2
367.5
847.4
823. 7
1, 094. 6
1,118.0
1, 097. 7
577.5
1,039.2
82.5
217.4
Group III
227.9
Group IV
167.6
Group V
Group VI
111.3
92.1
Pacific
203.4
Group I
Group II.
3.95
2.27
2.46
1.99
2.73
2.94
121.2
71.5
68.9
46.1
34.8
28.6
59.7
29.8
36.1
23.2
22.0
18.6
393. 4
361.4
378.2
320.3
370.2
291.3
965.6
939.2
1, 208.
1, 144. 7
1. 285. 6
1, 059. 8
223.2
208.7
Group III
173.8
Group IV
154.0
Group V
Group VI
190.6
181. 4
1 The rates for buiglary and larceny are based on the reports of 2,435 cities with a total population of
59,168,925.
2 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 556 cities with
10,378,705.
3 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 4 cities.
< Includes the report of the District of Columbia.
a total population of
12
Offenses in Individual Cities With More Than 100,000 Inhabitants
The number of offenses reported as having been conunitted during
the period of January- June 1947 is shown in table 6. The compila-
tion includes the reports received from police departments in cities
with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Police administrators and other
interested individuals will probably find it desirable to compare the
crime rates of their cities with the average rates shown in tables 1
and 5 of this publication. Similarly, they will doubtless desire to
make comparisons with the figures for their communities for prior
periods, in order to determine whether there has been an increase or
a decrease in the amount of crime committed.
Caution should be exercised in comparing crime data for individual
cities, because differences in the figures may be due to a variety of
factors. The amount of crime committed in a community is not
solely chargeable to the police but is rather a charge against the entire
community. The following is a list of some of the factors which might
affect the amount of crime in a community:
Population of the city and metropolitan area adjacent thereto.
The composition of the population with reference particularly to
age, sex, and race.
The economic status and activities of the population.
Climate.
Educational, recreational, and religious facilities.
The number of police employees per unit of population.
The standards governing appointments to the police force.
The policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts.
The attitude of the public toward law-enforcement problems.
The degree of efficiency of the local law-enforcement agency.
It should be remembered that the war brought about marked
changes in some of the foregoing factors in many communities.
In comparing crime rates, it is generally more important to deter-
mine whether the figures for a given community show increases or
decreases in the amount of crime committed than to ascertain whether
the figures are above or below those of some other community.
13
Table 6. — Number of offenses known to the police, January-June 1947, cities over
100,000 in population
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
City
Akron, Ohio
Albany, N.Y
Atlanta, Ga
Baltimore, Md---.
Birmingham, Ala.
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, Conn.
Buffalo, N.Y
Cambridge, Mass-
Camden, N.J
Canton, Ohio
Charlotte, N. C
Chattanooga, Tenn.
Chicago, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio.
Columbus, Ohio.
Dallas, Tex
Dayton, Ohio
Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa.
Detroit, Mich
Duluth, Minn
Elizabeth, N. J._.
Erie, Pa
Fall River, Mass.
Flint, Mich
Fort Wayne, Ind.
Fort Worth, Tex.
Gary, Ind
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Hartford, Conn
Honolulu, T. H
Houston, Tex
Indianapolis, Ind
Jacksonville, Fla...
Jersey City, N. J...
Kansas City, Kans.
Kansas City, Mo__
Knoxville, Tenn. . .
Long Beach, Calif.
Los Angeles, Calif.
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Memphis, Tenn . _
Miami, Fla
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn.
Nashville, Tenn
Newark, N. J
New Bedford, Mass.
New Haven, Conn_.
New Orleans, La
New York, N.Y.2.-
Norfolk, Va
Oakland, Calif
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Omaha, Nebr
Paterson, N. J. .
Peoria, 111
Murder,
nomieg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
31
168
12
18
7
3
1
3
148
14
152
245
131
164
5
52
16
38
57
24
50
2,183
161
348
199
148
108
223
22
99(1
13
24
18
14
76
11
29
24
64
24
121
198
107
Aggra-
vated
assault
178
665
292
84
8
83
2
41
45
211
31
660
156
185
100
322
113
18
1,450
1
17
22
4
106
13
114
14
70
26,
119
84
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
597
115
833
1,179
506
181
298
239
223
342
363
4,771
1,041
1,213
1,288
1.734
543
1.415
370
4,630
83
212
174
165
450
144
465
409
299
1,976
1,095
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
333
68
653
612
399
641
222
156
72
80
122
103
0)
3,221
640
352
894
388
187
761
85
1,220
115
65
53
75
243
120
159
163
103
257
248
548
115 836 536
Complete data not received
Under
$50
902
147
1,379
1,784
749
1,183
488
489
203
128
502
310
330
3,650
1,531
4,044
873
3,483
1,399
1,971
636
9,069
496
221
242
256
853
496
1,865
435
1,015
772
1,053
2,911
1,247
812
35
13
201
66
262
172
270
996
688
1,330
22
46
311
243
278
142
70
748
0)
1,559
2,161
1,087
6,198
6,768
8,891
304
290
1,431
806
938
12
5
83
52
181
156
302
537
297
831
256
241
1,384
816
991
44
36
384
362
1,649
125
23
552
452
786
82
89
689
277
585
170
216
1,078
534
733
13
7
249
75
453
17
22
453
118
617
247
276
671
527
852
852
1,534
2,114
(0
3,743
109
172
740
365
717
308
256
1,350
307
2,418
78
49
685
111
1.438
40
54
384
203
872
37
37
210
72
172
44
66
. 259
118
438
See footnotes at end of table.
759995° — 47 3
u
Table
Number of offenses known to the police, January- June 1947, cities over
100,000 in population — Continued
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny — theft
Auto
City
$50 and
over
Under
$50
theft
Philadelphia, Pa
58
17
4
552
301
214
35
9
73
24
143
407
63
35
153
110
796
8
295
14
27
67
2
23
42
57
87
59
86
5
447
21
49
21
5
78
386
184
220
38
2
169
29
38
647
33
33
361
62
251
38
46
2.130
1,056
1,553
669
187
542
380
416
1.051
517
439
944
462
1,597
174
1, 554
325
270
484
207
301
438
495
747
386
674
61
2,641
367
267
357
161
283
829
276
720
218
19
492
146
450
(')
169
223
370
397
837
75
599
34
142
118
95
186
198
189
387
94
393
53
823
139
178
181
48
63
597
434
2, 269
804
200
1,387
757
1. 035
2, 395
1,244
1,012
1, 652
951
5,103
189
2.162
150
553
1, 168
348
650
745
574
1,199
243
849
327
5,598
715
584
498
292
448
957
Pittsburgh, Pa
Portland, Oreg
831
541
Providence, R.I
212
Reading, Pa .
54
Richmond, Va
Rochester, N. Y.
20
2
6
53
382
246
244
St Louis Mo
1,015
St. Paul, Miim-
142
Salt Lake Citv, Utah.
3
13
5
30
4
8
1
3
326
San Antonio, Tex
581
San Diego, Calif -*
566
1,387
Scranton, Pa
74
Seattle, Wash
859
72
South Bend, Ind .. ..
35
25
15
2
15
107
93
33
50
9
1, 025
12
5
3
25
34
69
Spokane, Wash __
170
2
2
6
10
3
4
1
36
3
3
1
140
Syracuse, N. Y
Tacoma, Wash
146
225
Tampa Fla
152
Toledo, Ohio .. -.. ...
260
Trenton, N J
116
Tulsa, Okla
203
Utica, N. Y.
60
Washington, D. C
Wichita, Kans
Wilmington, Del-
730
105
156
Worcester, Mass
Yonkers, N. Y
Youngstown, Ohio
197
50
124
1 Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
2 Figures include offenses committed by juveniles; this is in accord with the uniform reporting procedure
followed by other cities.
Supplement to Return A Data
In 358 cities over 25,000 in population the police investigated
92,858 reported burglaries during the first 6 months of 1947 and
found that 81.1 percent of them occurred during the night. However,
of the 36,939 cases involving private residences 11,970, or 32.4 percent,
were committed during the day. Most business places are occupied
during the day; thus of the 55,919 nonresidence burglaries only 5,599,
or 10.0 percent were during the daylight hours.
Of the 16,937 robberies reported in these cities 10,645 (62.9 percent)
were holdups and strong-arm robberies of persons accosted on side-
walks, streets, and public highways, while 4,508 (26.6 percent)
involved oil stations, chain stores, and other business houses.
Nearly one-third of 205,299 larcenies reported by the above 358
cities were thefts of auto accessories or some type of personal prop-
15
erty from parked automobiles, while 14.4 percent were bicycle thefts.
Although only 3.8 percent of the thefts were pocket-picking, or purse-
snatching, it should be observed that 7,808 persons were victims of
such offenses in these cities during the first half of the year. Of the
total larcenies, 24.1 percent involved property valued at $50 or over;
in 62.4 percent the loot was valued at $5 to $50; and in 13.5 percent of
the cases the property stolen was valued at less than $5.
The majority (59.7 percent) of the 2,823 rapes reported were
forcible in nature and the remainder characterized as statutory
offenses (no force used^ — victim under age of consent.)
The police in the 358 cities represented in the foregoing tabulation
had reported to them 44,616 stolen cars during January- June 1947,
and during that period recovered 42,261, representing a percentage
recovery of 94.7.
Table 7. — Number of known offenses by nature of criminal act, time and place of
commission, and value of property stolen, January-June 1947
[Based on reports of 358 cities over 25,000 in population; total population, 41,347,528, according to the 1940
decennial census]
Classification
Number of
offenses
Percent dis-
tribution
Rape:
Total
2,823
100
Forcible
1,686
1.137
59.7
Statutory
40.3
Robbery:
Total - -.- ...
16, 937
100.0
Highway.. .. . . -. .. .
10, 645
3,714
608
165
836
21
948
62.9
Commercial house . . . .
21.9
Oilstation ..- .. ..- . . . _
3.6
1.0
Residence .....
4.9
Bank .. ..... .
.1
5.6
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Total .- -
92. 858
100.0
Residence (dwelling):
Committed during night- . -- .-
24,969
11, 970
50, 320
5,599
26.9
12.9
Nonresidence (store, office, etc.):
54.2
Committed during day - .... ...
6.0
Larceny— theft (except auto theft) (grouped according to value of article stolen) :
Total
206,299
100.0
49,425
128, 069
27, 805
24.1
$5to$50
62.4
Under $5
13.5
Larceny- theft (grouped as to type of offense):
205,299
100.0
3,300
4,508
8,665
37, 296
31,007
29, 635
90,888
1.6
2.2
Shoplifting . -- -- . -- -- -
4.2
18.2
15.1
14.4
All others - - - --
44.3
16
The analysis of the supplemental returns is presented in tables 7-9.
The number of cities represented in each table is not identical since
returns were used only when complete data were apparently included.
Thus of the 3 58« cities whose reports were used in preparing table 7 as
to the break-down of the number of offenses, 344 also included the
value of property stolen by offense (table 8), and 339 reported com-
plete information as to values by type of property (table 9) .
In 344 of the large cities included in this study 16,218 persons were
personally accosted by thieves and robbed of $3,040,778 during the
first half of 1947, for an average of $187 from each victim. During
the same 6 months 88,095 places were burglarized and $11,552,831
worth of property stolen, for an average of $131 in loot from each
place.
Although, the value of property stolen in the average larceny ($61)
was small in comparison with robbery ($187) and burglary ($131),
because of the frequency of such crimes the 195,182 larcenies in the
reporting cities resulted in loot aggregating $11,908,137 for this
classification.
The 42,283 cars stolen were valued at $31,000,886, or $733 per car;
however, recoveries were effected in approximately 95 percent of
these cases, while only 24 percent of other types of property was
recovered.
In examining the data in table 8 it should be remembered that
attempted crimes are included and since the thefts were not consum-
mated no value of property stolen was reported. This tends to make
conservative the figures with reference to the average value of property
stolen per offense.
Table 8. — Value of property stolen, by type of crime, January- J jine 1947
[Based on reports of 344 cities over 25,000 in population; total population, 39,384,717, according to the 1940
decennial census. All values have been rounded off to even dollars]
Classification
Number of
offenses
Value of
property
stolen
Average
value per
offense
Total
341, 778
$57, 502, 632
$168
Robbery . ......
16, 218
88. 095
195, 182
42, 283
3, 040, 778
11,552,831
11,908,137
31, 000, 886
187
Burglary. . .
131
Larceny— theft
61
Autotheft...
733
Property stolen in 339 cities with population over 25,000 totaled
$54,055,500 during January-June 1947 and recoveries of stolen goods,
$33,244,140. This represents a recovery percentage of 61.5. Exclud-
ing automobiles, stolen money, jewelry, furs, and other personal prop-
erty amounted to $24,989,055, of which 24.4 percent, or $6,091,276,
was recovered.
.17
Table 9.
-Value of property stolen and value of property recovered, by type of
property, January-June 1947
[Based on reports of 339 cities over 25,000 in population; total population, 37,126,203, according to the 1940
decennial census. All values have been rounded off to even dollars]
Type of property
Value of
property
stolen
Value of
property
recovered
Percent
recovered
Total - -
$54, 055, 500
8, 130, 975
4, 646, 090
1. 258, 898
2, 936, 682
29, 066, 445
8,016,410
$33, 244, 140
1. 420, 457
1,091,078
108, 399
925, 466
27,152,864
2, 545, 876
61.5
17 5
Currency, notes, etc ...
Jewelry and precious metals
23 5
Furs
8.6
31 5
Clothing... -. ....
Locally stolen automobiles.- . ... ... ... .
93 4
Aliscellaneous . ....... ...
31 8
Rural Crime Rates
The number of offenses as reported by 1,771 sheriffs, 128 rural vil-
lage officers, and 12 State police agencies is presented in table 10, to-
gether with the rate per 100,000 inhabitants. The rural population
represented in the reporting area is 38,790,988.
The rural rates for crimes against property are generally lower than
the corresponding urban rates, and in this connection it should be ob-
served that some incompleteness exists in the rural reporting. Some of
the reports used in table 10 were probably based on arrest records
rather than on a record of offenses reported. Since a comparatively
small proportion of crimes against property are followed by arrest the
figures should be considered conservative.
Table 10.
-Offenses known, rural areas, number and rate per 100,000 inhabitants,
January-June 1947
[Based on reports of 1,771 sheriffs, 128 rural villages, and 12 State police
according to the 1940 decemiial census
total rural population, 38,790,988 ,
Criminal homi-
cide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Mur-
der,
non-
negli-
gent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Number of offenses known . .
1,222
3.15
836
2.16
2,423
6.25
3,688
9.5
6,724
17.3
27, 672
71.3
36, 014
92.8
10, 850
Rate per 100,000
28.0
Rural Crime Trends
The crime total for the rural areas was up 7.5 percent the first half
of 1947 over January- June of 1946, according to the reports of 1,605
law-enforcement agencies policing a rural area of 34,329,836 inhab-
itants.
Rapes, burglaries, and larcenies showed unusually heavy increases.
Rape was up 13.6 percent in the rural areas as compared with a 3.5
18
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19
percent rise in the cities. Rural burglaries and larcenies rose 17.1
percent and 13.9 percent, respectively, while the urban burglary in-
crease was 2.1 percent and the larcenies in the cities, up only 1.1
percent. The rural aggravated assault increase of 1.9 percent differed
only shghtly from the 2.7 percent rise in urban communities.
The rural robbery figures showed little change (—0.3 percent) while ^
the urban robbery trend was up 1.5 percent during the first 6 months'
of 1947 over the same period of last year.
The decrease of 7.4 percent in the rural murder figures was greater
than that in the urban areas (6.4 percent), while rural neghgent
manslaughters declined 6.6 percent as compared with a 10.8 percent
drop in the cities. As in the urban areas the decline in rural auto
thefts was sharp (19.0 percent). A 22.3 percent decrease in auto
theft offenses was registered by the police in the cities.
Table 11. — Rural crime trends, January-June 1946-47
[Based on reports of 1,484 sheriffs, 109 rural village oflBcers, and 12 State police
34,329,836, according to the 1940 decennial census]
total rural population,
OflEense
Number of offenses
Percent
1946
1947
change
Total . ...
73, 918
79, 450
+7.5
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
1,030
743
1,849
3,180
5,390
21,210
28, 569
11,947
954
694
2,100
3,169
5,494
24, 833
32, 527
9,679
-7.4
Manslaughter by negligence . _ .
-6.6
Rape
+13.6
-.3
Aggravated assault
+1.9
+17.1
Larceny — theft . - .
+13.9
Auto theft
-19.0
POLICE EMPLOYEE DATA
Police Killed, 1946
A 39-percent increase in the number of police employees killed in
line of duty was reported for 1946, during which year there was also
reported a widespread increase in crime with murders, robberies,
aggravated assaults, and burglaries leading the upswing.^
Eighty-two police employees were killed in the performance of their
law-enforcement duties in 1946 according to the reports of 3,170
cities representing a combined population of 72,714,873 (98 percent
of the urban population). The figures include not only those killed
by criminals but also any killed in traffic accidents and the like;
however, only those killed while on active duty with the local depart-
ments were reported.
Information as to the number of police employees killed during
1946 is presented in table 13 along with the rate per 5 million inhabi-
tants for the cities grouped by size and by location. While the figure
for all cities as a group is 5.64 police employees killed per 5 million
inhabitants, it may be observed that with the cities subdivided into
population groups the rate was higher for the group with from 100,000
Table 12. — Number of cities used in tabulations regarding number of police depart-
ment employees, Apr. 30, 19^7 , and police killed, 1946
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Total
Population group
Division
Group
Group
II
Group
HI
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
Total:
Population represented
72, 714. 873
3,170
29, 894, 166
36
7, 792, 650
55
7, 343, 917
107
7,417,093
213
9, 681, 800
644
10. 585. 247
2.115
New England: Total popula-
tion, 6,350,532 .
222
671
693
360
353
188
292
154
237
2
8
4
3
3
4
1
5
10
11
10
5
7
3
3
1
5
13
24
23
8
17
4
9
2
7
36
38
60
12
20
10
13
7
17
75
155
128
68
66
30
49
26
47
86
Middle Atlantic: Total popu-
lation 20 479 193
437
East North Central: Total
population, 17,373,735
West North Central: Total
population, 5,895,132
464
263
South Atlantic: Total popula-
tion, 6,685,434 .. ...
240
East South Central: Total
population, 3,034,282
138
West South Central: Total
population, 4,785,651 .
214
Mountain: Total population,
1,772,795
117
Pacific: Total population,
6,338,119.
156
For data on 1946 crime trends, see table 29, vol. XVII, No. 2, Uniform Crime Reports.
(20)
21
to 250,000 inhabitants but the figure for this group was only slightly
in excess of the rates for cities under 25,000 in population. For
individual geographic divisions the highest rates were recorded in the
South Atlantic and East South Central States.
Table 13. — Number of police department employees killed, 1946, by geographic
divisions and population groups
[Includes only those employees killed while on active duty with their local police agencies]
Total
Population group
Geographic division
Num-
ber
Rate per
5,000,000
inhabit-
ants
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
Total:
Number ..
82
31
5.18
12
7.70
3
2.04
6
4.04
14
7.23
16
7.56
Rate 'per 5,000,000 in-
habitants
5.64
New England . . .
5
15
16
5
18
7
5
1
10
3.94
3.66
4.60
4.24
13.46
11.53
5.22
2.82
7.89
1
2
5
2
1
2
2
2
5
Middle Atlantic
I
East North Central
2
2
West North Central
3
South Atlantic
6
"""2'
1
1
1
2
1
3
East South Central ....
3
West South Central
1
1
Mountain ... ..
1
Pacific
5
-- —
1
2
2
Number of Police Employees, April 30, 1947
As of April 30, 1947, a total of 127,148 police employees were re-
ported by 3,170 cities, including 9,045 civilians without police power,
and 118,103 police officers.
Including civilians, the ratio between the number of police em-
ployees and population is 1.75 employees for each 1,000 inhabitants
for the reporting cities as a group. This represents an increase of
4.8 percent over the figure of 1.67 for April 30, 1946.
In the various population groups it may be said that the greater
the population the larger the number of employees per 1,000 in-
habitants. Cities over 250,000 in population reported 2.23 employees
per 1,000 inhabitants while communities under 10,000 showed 1.21.
While it is customary to think in terms of the number of police
employees per 1,000 inhabitants the ratio can be indicated in terms
of the number of inhabitants per police employee as follows:
Number of Inhabitants per Police Employee
Total, all cities 572
Group I (over 250,000) 448
Group II (100,000-250,000) 620
Group III (50,000-100,000) 628
Group IV (25,000-50,000) 698
Group V (10,000-25,000) 758
Group VI (2,500-10,000) 827
759995'
22
23
Table 14. — Police Department employees, Apr. 30, 1947, number and rate per 1,000
inhabitants, by geographic divisions and population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Division
Total:
Number of police employ-
ees
Average number of em-
ployees per 1,000 inhab-
itants
New England:
Number of police employ-
eesA--
Average number of em-
ployees per 1,000 inhab-
itants
Middle Atlantic:
Number of police employ-
ees
Average number of em-
ployees per 1,000 inhab-
itants
East North Central:
Number of police employ-
ees
Average number of em-
ployees per 1,000 inhab-
itants
West North Central:
Number of police employ-
ees
Average number of em-
ployees per 1,000 inhab-
itants
South Atlantic: 1
Number of police employ-
ees
Average number of em-
ployees per 1,000 inhab-
itants
East South Central:
Number of police employ-
ees
Average number of em-
ployees per 1,000 inhab-
itants
West South Central:
Number of police employ-
ees
Average number of em-
ployees per 1,000 inhab-
itants
Mountain:
Number of police employ-
ees
Average number of em-
ployees per 1,000 inhab-
itants
Pacific:
Number of police employ-
ees...
Average number of em-
ployees per 1,000 inhab-
itants
Total
11,323
1.78
40, 992
2.00
28, 549
1.64
8.076
1.37
12, 260
1.83
4,055
1.34
6,337
1.32
2,360
1.33
13, 196
2.08
Population group
Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V Group VI
Over
250,000
66, 681
2.23
2,967
2.90
27, 487
2.41
17, 055
2.15
3,833
1.92
4,364
2.39
1,090
1.24
2,118
1.48
483
1.50
7,284
2.34
100,000
to
250,000
2,589
1.91
2,505
1.74
1,899
1.28
887
1.23
1,850
1.84
522
1.28
815
1.55
176
1.17
1,334
1.89
50,000
to
100,000
1,658
1.73
2,901
1.77
2,273
1.46
642
1.17
1,697
1.54
513
1.83
959
1.46
204
1.74
853
1.75
25,000
to
50,000
10, 629
1.43
2,049
1.58
2,082
1.57
2,616
1.21
427
1.08
1,168
1.71
465
1.43
571
1.33
332
1.35
919
1.67
10,000
to
25,000
12. 768
1.32
1,505
1.28
3,316
1.36
2,165
1.13
1,092
1.10
1,507
1.58
649
1.39
834
1.19
488
1.28
1,212
1.82
Includes the District of Columbia.
24
u. z 2 o
QQZ>52v)Ou:
25
From 1942 through 1945 the pohce employee surveys were hmited
to cities with population in excess of 25,000 and it is interesting to
note that while the number of employees in the larger cities steadily
declined until 1946, the rate as of April 30, 1947, is higher than any
of the preceding 5 years. The following figures indicate the number
of employees per 1,000 inhabitants for the 6-year period, 1942-47, for
cities over 25,000 in population:
Apr. 30, 1942 1. 83
Apr. 30, 1943 1. 77
Apr. 30, 1944 1.73
Apr. 30, 1945 1. 68
Apr. 30, 1946 1. 86
Apr. 30, 1947 1. 94
The number of police employees reported as of April 30, 1947, and
the number per 1,000 inhabitants are shown in table 14. The data
are subdivided according to population groups and geographic
divisions. The number of cities used in compiling the data is presented
in table 12.
Police Employees in Individual Cities
Tables 15 and 16 show the number of police employees as of April
30, 1947, in individual cities grouped according to size and listed
alphabetically within each State. The number of employees is sub-
divided as to civilians and police officers for cities over 25,000 in-
habitants. However, for the smaller cities only the total number of
employees is shown since in some instances it was questionable
whether proper distinction had been made between civilians and
police officers.
A tabulation was prepared showing the percentage of civilian
employees for each population group. As a general rule, the larger
communities show more of a tendency to utilize the services of civilian
employees than do the smaller cities as indicated in the following figures :
T, 1 ,. Percent
Population group : ciniian employees
Total all cities - 7. 1
Group I, cities over 250,000 8. 3
Group II, cities from 100,000 to 250,000 9. 1
Group III, cities from 50,000 to 100,000 8. 4
Group IV, cities from 25,000 to 50,000 5.
Group V, cities from 10,000 to 25,000 3. 2
Group VI, cities from 2,500 to 10,000 3. 5
For cities over 25,000 as a group 8.1 percent of the employees were
classified as civilian personnel as compared to 8.2 percent in 1946,
and 8.4 percent in 1945.
The data concerning the number of pohce employees presented in
this issue of the bulletin were collected through the medium of report
forms which provided for the listing of full-time police oflicers, the
26
number of full-time civilian employees, the number of part-time
police officers and the number of part-time civilian employees. The
form also provided for the local departments to express the number
of part-time employees in terms of fuD-time personnel considering the
total time worked by the part-time employees during the month of
April in relation to full-time personnel. In some instances the
departments limited their entries concerning part-time employees to
a statejnent of the total time worked during April and in such instances
this information was converted into terms of full-time emploj/ees by
the FBI assuming that a full-time employee worked approximately
200 hours during April. In the event the total time worked by the
part-time employees was equivalent to at least 75 percent of that
worked by a full-time employee, one full-time employee was counted.
Generally, employees were not included in the tabulations if in-
formation was available indicating they were paid from private
sources. In other words, it was necessary that employees included
on the reports be paid from regular police department funds or from
some pubhc fund allocated for police personnel. Employees on
military or other extended leave of absence were excluded from the
tabulations.
In examining the figures for individual cities as presented in tables
15 and 16 it should be remembered there are several factors to be
considered which are not reflected in the tabulations. For example,
some departments may still operate on a two-shift basis whereas in
most agencies the men are distributed among tln-ee shifts. Similarly,
differences in the automotive equipment and radio communication
facilities would have to be considered as well as the number of private
police employed by individuals and organizations and public park
police, who in some communities constitute a separate unit.
Also, there is some variation among the cities as to the source of
personnel handling traffic at intersections near schools. For instance,
in some places this is handled by regularly assigned full-time police
employees while in others part-time school crossing guards may be
employed. The latter were classed as civilian employees unless there
was a definite indication they had police powers.
Likewise, there may be cities in the following tabulations utilizing
the assistance of volunteer workers to augment the police service in
selected fields. For a list of some of the other factors to be considered,,
reference may be made to the data preceding table 6.
It should be particularly noted that in grouping the cities, and,
in fact in all the tabulations, the 1940 census figures were used in the
interests of uniformity. Since 1940, however, marked changes in
population occurred in many communities; a number in the Pacific
area, for example, more than doubled in size.
27
Table 15. — Number of -police department employees, Apr. SO, 1947, cities over
25,000 in population
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
CITIES WITH OVER 250,000 INHABITANTS
City
Number of police
department
employees
City
Number of police
department
employees
Police
officers
Civil-
ians
Total
Police
officers
Civil-
ians
Total
Birmineham, Ala . .. .
287
3,140
582
1,338
459
1,656
451
7,452
592
431
892
1,799
2,243
3,676
486
293
563
1,839
29
651
• 88
101
24
126
73
305
79
25
5
259
' 222
298
44
20
141
447
316
3,791
670
1,439
483
1,782
524
7,757
671
456
897
2,058
2,465
3,974
530
313
704
2,286
Newark, N. J
1,099
1,148
17, 258
410
711
1,587
299
356
569
4,994
1,031
430
254
349
429
254
600
1,195
126
149
904
53
27
306
32
>56
113
258
57
72
64
49
75
65
102
84
1,225
1,297
18, 162
463
Los Aneeles, Calif- -
Buffalo, N. Y
Oakland, Calif
New York, N. Y
San Francisco, Calif . .
Rochester, N. Y
Denver, Colo.- . ...
Cincinnati, Ohio
Washington, D. C
Cleveland, Ohio
1,893
331
Atlanta, Ga .
Columbus, Ohio
Chicago, 111
Toledo, Ohio''
682
5,252
1,088
502
Louisville, 'Ky. . ...
Philadelphia, Pa
New Orleans, La .
Pittsburgh, Pa
Baltimore, Md
Providence, R. I''
Boston, Mass...
Memphis, Tenn
318
Detroit, Mich
Dallas, Tex
398
Minneapolis, Minn
Houston, Tex
504
St. Paul, Minn
San Antonio, Tex.
319
Kansas City, Mo
Seattle, Wash....
702
St. Louis, Mo
Milwaukee, Wis...
1, 279
CITIES WITH 100,000 TO 250,000 INHABITANTS
Long Beach, Calif- . .
Sacram^to, Calif..-.
San Diego, Calif
Bridgeport, Conn
Hartford, Conn
New Haven, Conn..
Wilmington, Del
Jacksonville, Fla
Miami, Fla
Tampa, Fla
Peoria, 111
Fort Wayne, Ind
Gary, Ind
South Bend, Ind
Des Moines, Iowa-..
Kansas City, Kans..
Wichita, Kans
Cambridge, Mass
Fall River, Mass
Lowell, Mass
New Bedford, Mass.
Somerville, Mass
Springfield, Mass
Worcester, Mass
Flint, Mich
Grand Fapids, Mich
Duluth, Minn
Omaha, Nebr..
285
68
353
157
31
188
352
68
420
260
5
265
329
36
365
315
29
344
189
20
209
261
19
280
375
28
403
136
22
158
134
6
139
148
3
151
160
33
193
119
9
128
169
169
120
7
127
137
26
163
212
6
218
196
12
208
160
13
173
198
11
209
153
1
154
301
19
320
310
23
333
167
36
203
207
22
229
129
9
138
242
48
290
Camden, N. J
Elizabeth, N.J
Paterson, N. J
Trenton, N.J
Albany, N. Y...
Syracuse, N. Y
Utica, N. Y
Yonkers, N. Y
Charlotte, N. C
Akron, Ohio
Canton, Ohio
Dayton, Ohio
Youngstown, Ohio
Oklahoma City, Okla
Tulsa, Okla
Erie. Pa
Reading, Pa
Scranton, Pa
Chattanooga, Tenn...
Knoxville, Tenn
Nashville, Tenn
Fort Worth, Tex
Salt Lake City, Utah.
Norfolk, Va
Richmond, Va
Spokane, WasK^.-
Tacoma, Wash
187
38
216
12
237
230
21
329
34
265
31
156
7
257
17
154
4
240
50
125
6
194
32
197
12
208
54
205
134
4
141
11
166
12
132
6
144
26
183
31
325
23
162
14
284
26
287
45
160
17
188
8
CITIES WITH 50,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS
Mobile, Ala
Montgomery, Ala.-.
Phoenix, Ariz
Little Rock, Ark....
Berkeley, Calif
Fresno, Calif
Glendale, Calif
Pasadena, Calif
San Jose, Calif
Santa Monica, Calif
Stockton, Calif
Pueblo, Colo
New Britain, Conn.
Waterbury, Conn-..
137
23
160
153
6
159
137
11
148
109
7
116
108
6
114
122
15
137
100
22
122
108
36
144
99
99
110
25
135
98
4
102
54
2
56
122
3
125
194
9
203
St. Petersburg, Fla
Augusta, Ga
Columbus, Ga
Macon, Ga
Savannah, Ga
Cicero, 111
Decatur, I11^.T
East St. Louis, 111.
Evanston, 111
Oak Park, 111
Rockford, III
Springfield, 111
East Chicago, Ind.
Evansville, Ind
62
8
109
15
102
3
74
2
147
18
75
15
59
5
80
18
85
29
77
6
89
5
98
22
94
2
159
10
28
Table 15. — Number of police department employees, Apr. SO, 1947, cities over
25,000 in population — Continued
CITIES WITH 50,000 TO 100,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Hammond, Ind
Terre Haute, Ind
Cedar Rapids, Iowa..
Davenport, Iowa
Sioux City, Iowa
Waterloo, Iowa
Topeka, Kans
Covington, Ky
Shreveport, La
Portland, Maine
Brockton, Mass
Holyoke, Mass
Lawrence, Mass
Lynn, Mass
Maiden, Mass
Medford, Mass
Newton, Mass
Quincy, Mass
Dearborn, Mich
Highland Park, Mich.
Kalamazoo, Mich
Lansing, Mich
Pontiac, Mich
Saginaw, Mich
Jackson, Miss
St. Joseph, Mo
Springfield, Mo
T/incoln, Nebr
Manchester, N. H
Atlantic City, N. J...
Bayonne, N. J
East Orange, N. J
Hoboken, N.J
Irvington, N.J
Passaic, N. J
Union City, N. J
Binghamton, N. Y__.
Mount Vernon, N. Y_
New Rochelle, N. Y._
Niagara Falls, N. Y__
Number of police
department
employees
Police
Civil-
officers
ians
105
21
78
2
69
8
72
1
80
14
49
60
16
71
5
127
12
117
6
91
4
96
1
126
4
167
9
100
2
96
1
129
5
143
4
173
18
96
5
62
23
99
74
9
97
12
95
23
89
10
65
11
85
13
99
8
205
46
216
12
111
2
178
4
83
9
110
114
103
15
128
1
134
15
140
13
Total
126
80
77
73
94
49
76
.76
139
123
95
97
130
176
102
97
134
147
191
101
85
99
83
109
118
107
251
228
113
182
92
110
114
118
129
149
153
City
Schenectady, N. Y
Troy, N. Y
Asheville, N. C
Durham, N. C
Greensboro, N. C
Winston-Salem, N. C
Cleveland Heights, Ohio
Hamilton, Ohio
Lakewood, Ohio.
Springfield, Ohio
Allentown, Pa
Altoona, Pa
Bethlehem, Pa
Chester, Pa
Harrisburg, Pa
Johnstown, Pa
Lancaster, Pa
McKeesport, Pa
Upper Darby Township, Pa
Wilkes-Barre, Pa
York, Pa
Pawtucket, R. I
Charleston, S. C
Columbia, S. C
Amarillo, Tex
Austin, Tex
Beaumont, Tex
Corpus Christi, Tex
El Paso, Tex
Galveston, Tex
Waco, Tex
Arlington. Va
Portsmouth, Va
Roanoke, Va
Charleston, W. Va
Huntington, W . Va
Wheeling, W. Va
Madison, Wis
Racine, Wis
Number of police
department
employees
Police
officers
161
148
72
72
103
117
53
59
59
67
94
83
55
73
138
56
59
64
85
95
61
113
127
129
85
111
76
93
124
81
71
64
65
109
72
73
73
102
81
Civil-
ians
CITIES WITH 25,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS
Anniston, Ala
Gadsden, Ala
Tuscaloosa, Ala
35
67
33
63
36
64
46
65
37
43
58
35
41
63
73
52
50
33
37
39
*84
49
34
59
61
107
36
56
33
121
70
64
49
6
1
3
12
11
5
8
18
7
......
6
"io"
1
3
1
s
6
3
8
1
4
......
6
1
35
67
33
69
37
67
58
76
42
51
76
42
41
69
79
52
60
34
40
40
92
55
37
62
61
110
37
60
33
12]
73
70
50
Rome, Ga
Boise, Idaho.
Alton, IlL.
Aurora, 111 ..
35
42
26
45
25
36
33
30
43
30
52
22
28
4.3
49
30
66
48
56
49
36
38
31
56
22
39
37
25
29
39
27
25
25
2
-----2
""z
.....
6
3
......
-
5
1
......
3
.....
1
1
2
""2
i
37
42
26
Tucson Ariz
47
Fort Smith, Ark
Belleville, 111
Berwyn, 111
Bloomington, 111 ...
25
Alameda Calif
36
Alhambra Calif
36
Bakersfield, Calif
Belvedere Township, Calif _..
Beverly Hills, Calif
Danville, 111
Elgin, 111 .
30
46
Galesburg, IlL
36
Burbank Calif
Joliet, 111.
55
Hmitington Park, Cahf
Inglewood, Calif
Riverside, Calif . ..
22
Moline, 111
29
Quincy, 111
Rock Island, 111
Waukegan, 111 .
43
San Bernardino, Calif
Santa Ana Calif
49
31
Santa Barbara, Cahf
Anderson, Ind
71
South Gate Calif
Elkhart, Ind
49
Colorado Springs, Colo
56
Lafayette, Ind
49
36
Meriden, Conn
Michigan City, Ind
Mishawaka, Ind
38
IVTiHHlptnvini {~lnnn
35
Muncie, Ind_.
59
New Albany, Ind ... ... ...
22
Stamford, Conn
Richmond, Ind
43
38
West Hartford Conn
Clinton, Iowa
26
West Haven, Conn
Council Bluffs, Iowa ..
31
Miami Beach, Fla
Dubuque, Iowa _ .
39
Orlando, Fla
Mason City, iowa_ . .
29
Pensacola, Fla .._
Ottumwa, Iowa
Hutchinson, Kans
25
West Palm Beach, Fla
26
29
Table 15. — Number of police department employees, Apr. 30, 1947, cities over
25,000 in population — Continued
CITIES WITH 25,000 TO 50,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Ashland, Ky
Lexington, Ky
Newport, Ky
Owensboro, Ky
Paducah, Ky
Alexaiidria, La
Baton Rouge, La -.-
Monroe, I^a
Baxigor, Maine ---
Lewiston, ISIaine
Cumberland, Md
Hagerstown, Md
Arlington, Mass
Belmont, Mass
Beverly, ^Nlass
Brookline, Mass
Chelsea, Mass
Chicopee, Mass
Everett, Mass
Fitchburg, Mass
Haverhill, Mass
Melrose, Mass
Pittsfield, Mass
Revere, Mass
Salem, Mass
Taunton, Mass
Waltham, Mass
Watertown, Mass
Ann Arbor, Mich --
Battle Creek, Mich
Bay City, Mich
Hamtramck, Mich
Jackson, Mich
Muskegon, Mich
Port Huron, Mich
Royal Oak, Mich
Wyandotte, Mich
Rochester, Minn
Meridian, Miss
Joplin, Mo
University City, Mo
Butte, Mont___
Great Falls, Mont
Concord, N. H
Nashua, N.H
Belleville, N. J
Bloomfield, N. J
Clifton, N.J
Garfield, N.J
Hackensack, N. J
Hamilton Township, N. J...
Kearny, N. J
Montclair, N. J
New Brunswick, N.J
North Bergen Township,
N.J
Orange, N. J
Perth Amboy, N. J
Plainfield, N. J
Teaneck Township, N. J
West New York, N. J
West Orange, N. J
Woodbridge Township, N. J
Albuquerque, N. Mex
Amsterdam, N. Y
Auburn, N. Y
Elmira, N. Y...
Jamestown, N. Y..
Kingston, N. Y
Newburgh, N. Y
Poughkeepsie, N. Y
Rome, N. Y
Watertown, N. Y
White Plains, N. Y
High Point, N. C
759995° — 47 5
Number of police
department
employees
Police
officers
Civil-
ians
Total
30
30
»8
1
89
44
8
52
39
1
40
42
42
51
51
41
4
45
40
40
47
4
51
50
2
52
43
6
49
39
4
43
59
7
66
40
3
43
48
48
108
4
112
67
5
72
63
1
64
85
85
36
4
40
66
66
37
37
56
56
62
4
66
75
2
77
56
4
60
54
4
• 58
59
4
63
44
4
48
43
10
53
60
5
65
90
4
94
63
4
67
55
7
62
38
8
46
31
31
44
7
51
30
1
31
52
2
54
34
4
38
41
41
29
i
30
32
3
35
33
1
34
46
46
49
2
51
87
3
90
43
3
46
39
39
60
60
47
47
89
1
90
71
17
88
40
2
42
78
5
83
65
2
67
75
4
79
57
9
66
33
1
34
81
81
46
2
48
46
46
51
2
53
41
1
42
45
1
46
79
79
58
5
63
42
2
44
50
50
63
3
66
38
2
40
37
1
38
99
3
102
52
4
56
City
Raleigh, N.C
Rocky Mount, N. C
Wilmington, N. C
Fargo, N. Dak
East Cleveland, Ohio
Elyria, Ohio
Lima, Ohio
Lorain, Ohio
Mansfield, Ohio
Mai-ion, Ohio
Massillon, Ohio
Middletown, Ohio
Newai-k, Ohio
Norwood, Ohio
Portsmouth, Ohio
Steuben ville, Ohio...
Warren, Ohio
Zanesville, Ohio
Enid, Okla
Muskogee, Okla
Salem, Oreg —
Aliquippa, Pa
Easton, Pa
Haverford Township, Pa
Hazleton, Pa
Lebanon, Pa
Lower Merion Township, Pa
New Castle, Pa
Norristown, Pa
Shai'on, Pa
Washington,. Pa
Wilkinsburg, Pa
Williamsport, Pa
Central Falls, R. I
Cranston, R. I
East Providence, R. I
Newport, R. I
Warwick, R. I
Woonsocket, R. I
Greenville, S. C
Spartanburg, S. C
Sioux Falls, S. Dak
Johnson City, Tenn
Abilene, Tex
Laredo, Tex
Lubbock, Tex
Port Arthur, Tex
San Angelo, Tex
Tvler, Tex
Wichita Falls, Tex
Ogden, Utah
Burlington, Vt
Alexandria, Va
Danville, Va
Lynchburg, Va
Newport News, Va
Petersbui-g, Va
Bellingham, Wash
Everett, Wash
Yakima, Wash
Clarksburg, W. Va
Parkersburg, W. Va
Appleton, Wis
Beloit, Wis
Eau Claire, Wis
Fond Du Lac, Wis
Green Bay, Wis
Kenosha, Wis
La Crosse, Wis
Oshkosh, Wis
Sheboygan, Wis
Superior, Wis
Wausau, Wis -
Wauwatosa, Wis
West Allis, Wis
Number of police
department
employees
Police
officers
Civil-
48
.--.^.
44
40
2
26
24
36
2
29
37
37
1
36
46
4
30
23
45
40
4
25
41
2
42
3
30
29
03
8
46
9
33
24
1
23
30
10
40
3
32
1
52
37
3
73
30
Table 16. — Number of police department employees, Apr. 30, 1947, cities with
population from 2,500 to 25,000
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS
City
Bessemer, Ala
Decatur, Ala
Dothan, Ala
Fairfield, Ala
Florence, Ala
Huntsville, Ala
Phenix City, Ala
Selma, Ala
El Dorado, Ark
Jonesboro, Ark
North Little Rock, Ark
Pine Bluff, Ark
Texarkana, Ark
Albany, Calif
Anaheim, Calif
Bell, Calif
Brawley, Calif
Burlingame, Calif
Compton, Calif
El Centro, Calif
Eureka, Calif
Fullerton, Calif
Lodi, Calif
Lynwood, Calif
Maywood, Calif
Merced, Calif
Modesto, Calif
Monrovia, Calif
Monterey, Calif
National City, Calif- —
Ontario, Calif
Palo Alto, Calif
Pomona, Calif
Redlands, Calif
Redondo Beach, Calif..
Redwood City, Calif.. .
Richmond, Calif
Salinas, Calif
San Gabriel, Calif
San Leandro, Calif
San Mateo, Calif
Santa Cruz, Calif
Santa Rosa, Calif
South Pasadena, Calif..
Vallejo, Calif
Ventura, Calif
Whittier, Calif
Boulder, Colo
Fort Collins, Colo
Grand Junction, Colo..
Greeley, Colo
Trinidad, Colo
Ansonia, Conn
Danbury, Conn
East Hartford, Conn...
Nausatuck, Conn
Norwich, Conn
Shelton, Conn
Stratford, Conn
Wallingford, Conn
Williraantic, Conn
Bradenton, Fla
Clearwater, Fla
Daytona Beach, Fla...
Fort Lauderdale, Fla...
Fort Myers, Fla
Gainesville, Fla
Key West, Fla
Lakeland, Fla
Panama City, Fla
St. Augustine, Fla
Sanford, Fla
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
30
16
31
11
19
35
20
29
14
13
40
17
18
16
21
17
14
27
28
16
17
14
18
18
15
18
30
20
18
20
25
32
30
17
21
20
109
30
19
25
33
28
22
19
53
22
26
14
12
18
14
13
17
27
46
26
42
14
29
15
15
13
27
41
39
19
23
15
39
17
20
17
Sarasota, Fla
Tallahassee, Fla
Albany, Ga
Athens, Ga
Brunswick, Ga
Dalton, Ga
Decatur, Ga
East Point, Ga
Gainesville, Ga
Griffin, Ga
La Grange, Ga
Moultrie, Ga
ThomasvUle, Ga
Valdosta, Ga
Waycross, Ga
Coeur d'Alene, Idaho
Idaho Falls, Idaho...
Lewiston, Idaho
Nampa, Idaho
Pocatello, Idaho
Twin Falls, Idaho....
Blue Island, 111
Brookfield. Ill
Cairo, 111.:
Calumet City, 111
Canton, 111
Centralia, 111
Champaign, 111
Chicago Heights, 111..
Dixon, 111
East Moline, 111
Elmhurst, 111
Elm wood Park, 111...
Forest Park, 111
Freeport, 111
Granite City, 111
Harrisburg, 111
Harvey, 111
Highland Park, 111...
Jacksonville, 111
Kankakee, 111
Xewanee, 111
La Grange, 111
La Salle, 111
Lincoln, 111
Mattoon, 111
Melrose Park, 111
Mount Vernon, 111...
Ottawa, 111
Park Ridge, 111
Pekin, 111
Sterling, 111
Streator, 111
Urbana, 111
West Frankfort, 111..
Wilmette, 111.-.-
Wimietka, 111
Bedford, Ind
Bloomington, Ind
Columbus, Ind
Connersville, Ind
Crawfordsville, Ind..
Elwood, Ind
Frankfort, Ind
Goshen, Ind
Huntington, Ind
Jeffersonville, Ind
La Porte, Ind
Logansport, Ind
New Castle, Ind
Peru, Ind
Shelbyville, Ind
31
Table 16. — Number of police department employees, Apr. 30, 1947, cities with
population. from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
22
20
14
13
24
10
18
18
13
18
9
9
12
14
10
23
13
15
11
9
17
22
13
11
8
15
15
21
24
10
12
21
14
14
24
26
14
23
20
13
14
24
16
10
15
15
22
21
13
9
11
11
29
28
13
22
10
10
28
18
41
21
20
18
18
20
25
12
40
17
21
18
28
31
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
Vincennes, Ind .
North Attleboro, Mass..
9
5
Whiting, Ind -
Northhridge, Mass
Ames, Iowa
Norwood , Mass
Peabody, Mass
Plymouth, Mass
21
Boone, Iowa . -.. .. ... .. _
36
Fort Dodge, Iowa .. ....
19
18
16
Fort Madison, Iowa
Reading, Mass
Saugus, Mass__.
Iowa City, Iowa .
Keokuk, Iowa . .
Southbridge, Mass
21
Marshalltown, Iowa. .. ..
Stoneham, Mass ..
Muscatine, Iowa ...
Swampscott, Mass
21
Newton, Iowa
Wakelaeld, Mass
24
Oskaloosa, Iowa .
Webster, Mass ...
16
Arkansas City, Kans . .
Welleslev, Mass
26
AtchisoA, Kans . .... . .
Westfield, Mass .
28
Chanute, Kans
West Springfield, Mass
25
Coffeyville, Kans
Weymouth, Mass
37
Winchester, Mass
27
Emporia, Kans . .
Winthrop, Mass..
22
Fort Scott, Kans ._
Woburn, Mass ....
21
Adrian, Mich ...
18
Lawrence, Kans ...
Alpena, Mich ..
12
Benton Harbor, Mich .
26
Birmingham, Mich
19
Newton Kans
E corse, Mich
35
Escanaba, Mich
15
Parsons, Kans
Ferndale, Mich
29
Grosse Pointe Park, Mich
Holland, Mich
28
Salina, Kans
15
Bowling Green, Ky
Iron Mountain, Mich
6
Ironwood, Mich
Lincoln Park, Mich
Marquette, Mich... . ...
16
Frankfort, Ky
22
12
Hopkinsville, Ky
Menominee, Mich
Midland. Mich
9
Bogalusa, La ._ .. . ._
16
Monroe, Mich...
30
Lake Charles, La
Mount Clemens, Mich
18
Muskegon Heights, Mich ...
17
Auburn, Maine
Niles, Mich
Owosso, Mich
18
Augusta Maine
15
River Rouge, Mich .
31
Biddeford Maine
St. Clair Shores, Mich
Sault Ste. Marie, Mich
Traverse C it V, Mich .
17
South Portland, Maine. -- . ...
17
Waterville, Maine
13
Westbrook, Maine... ... ... .
Ypsilanti, Mich
Albert Lea, Minn
25
13
Cambridge, Md
Austin, Minn ....
19
Frederick, Md . ... ......
Brainerd, Minn ... .
10
12
Adams Mass
Fergus Falls, Minn. .
8
Hibbins, Minn
27
Andover Mass
Mankato, Minn . ..
23
Athol Mass
St Cloud, Minn
24
South St. Paul, Minn .. ..
19
Virginia, Minn
Winona, Minn .
23
Clinton Mass
25
Biloxi. Miss .. .
25
Clarksdale, Miss
Columbus, Miss .. ...
14
19
Framingham Mass
Greenville, Miss
28
Gardner, Mass
Gloucester Mass
Greenwood, Miss
Gulfport, Miss.. ... . ..
17
28
Greenfield, Mass
Hattiesburg, Miss
Laurel, Miss
Natchpz Miss
31
20
Lexington, Mass
28
Vicksburg, Miss
33
M^arlborough Mass
Cape Girardeau, Mo .-
17
11
Milford Mass
Clayton, Mo -
23
Milton, Mass ... ..
Columbia, Mo —
Hannibal. Mo
25
26
Needham Mass
Independence, Mo .
17
^Tpxvhnrvnnrf TVTn<s<;
Jefferson C it V, Mo
21
Kirksville, Mo
5
Northampton! Mass
Kirkwood, Mo
15
32
Table 16. — Number of police department emploijees, Apr. 30, 1947, cities with
population from. 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Maplewood, Mo
Moberlv, Mo
Poplar Bluff, Mo
Richmond Heights, Mo
St. Charles, Mo
Sedalia, Mo
Webster Groves, Mo
Anaconda, Mont
Billings, Mont
Helena, Mont
Missoula, Mont
Beatrice, Nebr
Fremont, Nebr
Grand Island, Nebr
Hastings, Nebr
Norfolk, Nebr
North Platte, Nebr
Scottsbluff, Nebr
Reno, Nev_.
Berlin, N. H
Claremont, N. H
Dover, N. H
Keene, N. H
Laconia, N. H
Portsmouth, N. H
Asbury Park, N.J
Bergenfield, N. J
Bridgeton, N. J
Burlington, N. J
Carteret, N. J
Cliffside Park, N. J
Collingswood, N.J
Cranford Township, N. J
Dover, N. J
Englewood, N. J
Gloucester City, N. J
Harrison, N.J
Hawthorne, N.J
Hillside Township, N. J
Linden, N.J
Lodi, N. J
Long Branch, N. J
Lyndhurst, N. J
Maplewood, N. J
Millbum Township, N. J
Millville, N. J
Morristown, N. J
Neptune, N. J
North Plainfield, N. J
Nutley, N.J
Pennsauken Township, N. J.
Phillipsburg, N. J
Pleasantville, N. J
Rahway, N. J
Red Bank, N. J
Ridgefield Park, N. J
Ridgewood, N. J
Roselle, N. J..
Rutherford, N. J
South Orange, N. J
South River, N. J
Summit, N. J
Union Township, N. J
Weehawken, N. J
Westfield, N. J
Clovis, N. Mex
Hobbs, N. Mex
Roswell, N. Mex
Santa Fe, N. Mex
Batavia, N. Y
Beacon, N. Y
Cohoes, N. Y
Corning, N. Y
Cortland, N.Y
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
Dunkirk, N. Y
Endicott, N. Y
Floral Park, N. Y
Freeport, N. Y
Garden City, N. Y
Geneva, N. Y
Glen Cove, N.Y
Glens Falls, N. Y
Gloversville, N. Y
Hempstead, N. Y
Hornell, N. Y
Hudson, N. Y
Irondefiuoit, N. Y
Ithaca, N.Y i
Johnson City, N. Y
Johnstown, N. Y
Kenmore, N. Y
Lackawanna, N. Y
Little Falls, N. Y
Lockport, N. Y
Lynbrook, N.Y
Mamaroneck, N. Y
Massena, N. Y
Middletown, N. Y
North Tonawanda, N. '
Ogdensburg, N. Y
Olean, N. Y
Oneida, N. Y
Oneonta, N. Y
Ossining, N. Y
Oswego, N. Y
Peekskill, N. Y
Plattsburg, N. Y
Port Chester, N. Y
Rensselaer, N. Y
Rockville Centre, N. Y
Saratoga Springs. N. Y.
Scarsdale, N. Y
Tonawanda, N. Y
Watervliet, N. Y
Burlington, N. C
Concord, N. C
Elizabeth City, N. C._
Fayetteville, N. C
Qastonia, N. C
Goldsboro, N. C
Greenville, N. C
Hickory, N. C
Kinston, N. C
Lexington, N. C
New Bern, N. C
Reidsville, N. C
Salisbury, N. C
Shelby, N. C
Statesville, N. C
Thomasville, N. C
Wilson, N. C
Bismarck, N. Dak
Grand Forks, N. Dak..
Minot, N. Dak
Alliance, Ohio —
Ashland, Ohio
Ashtabula, Ohio
Barberton, Ohio
Bellaire, Ohio_
Cambridge, Ohio
Campbell, Ohio
Chillicothe, Ohio
Coshocton, Ohio
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.,
East Liverpool, Ohio...
Euclid, Ohio
Findlay, Ohio
Fostoria, Ohio.
33
Table 16. — Number of police department employees, Apr. SO, 1947, cities with
population from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25,000 INHABITANTS-Continued
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
Fremont, Ohio
15
17
18
19
14
13
14
10
10
16
18
13
9
24
39
11
18
12
10
18
24
14
18
7
11
9
22
18
15
11
23
12
25
11
7
20
11
. 35
28
18
30
14
10
17
11
6
27
22
12
25
14
11
14
17
17
37
24
22
6
18
10
20
6
12
8
15
20
13
16
18
8
24
7
23
Indiana, Pa ..
10
11
16
13
11
12
13
Garfield Heights, Ohio
Ironton, Ohio . ... ...
Kingston, Pa
Lancaster, Ohio.. ...
Lansdowne, Pa
Marietta, Ohio
Latrobe, Pa ""
Martins Ferry, Ohio..
Lewistown, Pa
Mount Vernon, Ohio
Lock Haven, Pa
New Philadelphia, Ohio
Mahanoy City, Pa
Niles, Ohio
McKees Rocks, Pa
15
21
16
8
28
Painesville, Ohio. . ...
Meadville, Pa
Parma, Ohio
Monessen, Pa
Piqua, Ohio . .. ...
Mount Carmel, Pa --------
Salem, Ohio... .. .. ... ..
Sanduskv, Ohio
Munhall, Pa
Shaker Heights, Ohio
New Kensineton, Pa
24
Struthers, Ohio . .
North Braddock, Pa
17
Tiffin, Ohio
Oil City, Pa
17
Wooster, Ohio.. .. . . ...
Old Forge, Pa
3
11
Xenia, Ohio .
Phoenixville, Pa
Ada, Okla
Pittston, Pa
25
Ardmore, Okla... . . ..
Plains Township, Pa
6
Bartlesville, Okla
Plymouth, Pa
12
Chickasha, Okla
Pottstown, Pa-..
19
Durant, Okla . . .
Pottsville, Pa
26
El Reno, Okla
Shaler Township, Pa
7
Guthrie, Okla ...
Shamokin, Pa
12
Lawton, Okla . . .
Shenandoah, Pa
15
McAlester, Okla
Steelton, Pa
11
Sunburv, Pa.
12
Okmulgee, Okla
Swissvale, Pa'
22
Ponca City, Okla . .. . . .... . .
Tamaqua, Pa...
8
Sapulpa, Okla
Uniontown, Pa
29
Shawnee, Okla . . . ...
Vandergrift, Pa
7
Stillwater, Okla ...
Warren, Pa
11
Wewoka, Okla
Waynesboro, Pa
9
Astoria, Oreg . .
West Chester, Pa
15
Bend, Oreg
Bristol, R. L. .
18
Eugene, Oreg
Cumberland, R. I
7
Klamath Falls, Oreg ...
Lincoln, R. I
6
Medford, Oreg
North Providence, R. I
11
Abington Township, Pa
Westerly, R. I
15
Ambridge, Pa
West Warwick, R. I
16
Arnold Pa
Anderson, S. C
37
Beaver Falls Pa
Florence, S. C
31
Bellevue, Pa
Greenwood, S. C
25
Berwick, Pa . . ... ... ...
Orangeburg, S. C
Rock Hill, S. C
23
32
Bradford, Pa
Sumter, S. C_. ...
20
Bristol, Pa . . .
Aberdeen, S. Dak
18
Butler Pa
Huron, S. Dak
13
Canonsburg Pa
Mitchell, S. Dak .
13
Carbondale, Pa
Rapid City, S. Dak
17
r^flrlislp Pn
Watertown, S. Dak
11
Carnegie Pa
Bristol, Tpnn
16
Clarksville, Tenn
17
Cheltenham Township Pa
Cleveland, Term
13
Clairton Pa
Columbia, Tenn
15
Coatesville, Pa
Dyersburg, Tenn ... . ...
19
Columbia Pa
Jackson, Tenn .. ..
29
Connellsville, Pa.
Kingsport, Tenn
25
Big Spring, Tex . -.- -
16
Darby Pa
Borger, Tex..
10
Dickson Citv Pa
Brownsville, Tex ... .
37
Brownwood, Tex ...
14
Du Boi<5 Pa
Bryan, Tex .. . ..-
18
Durunore, Pa
Cleburne, Tex....
Corsicana, Tex
Denison, Te'x
Denton, Tex .
6
Duquesne, Pa... -
15
Ellwood City, Pa . .....
15
Farrell Pa
18
Greenville, Tex
19
Harlingen. Tex
16
Highland Park, Tex .-
17
TTnrn'tirm 'Pn^vnshin Pa
Longview, Tex..
17
Homestead, Pa
McAUen, Tex . —
12
34
Table 16 — Number of police department employees, Apr. 30, 1947, cities with
population from 2,500 to ^-5,000— Continued
CITIES WITH 10,000 TO 25.000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Marshall, Tex
Palestine, Tex
Pampa, Tex
Paris, Tex
Pelly, Tex
Sherman, Tex
Sweetwater, Tex
Temple, Tex
University Park, Tex
Victoria, Tex
Lo^an, Utah
Prove, Utah
Barre, Vt
Rutland, Vt
Charlottesville, Va..
Fredericksburg, Va.-
Martinsville, Va
Staunton, Va
Suffolk, Va
Winchester, Va
Aberdeen, Wash
Bremerton, Wash
Hoquiam, Wash
Longview, Wash
Olympia, Wash
Vancouver, Wash
Walla Walla, Wash..
Wenatchee, Wash
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
Becklev, W. Va
Bluefield, W. Va
Fairmont, W. Va
Mai-tinsburg, W. Va
Morgantown, W. Va
Moundsville, W. Va
South Charleston, W. Va
Ashland, Wis
Beaver Dam, Wis
Chippewa Falls, Wis
Cudahy, Wis
Janesville, Wis
Manitowoc, Wis
Marinette, Wis
Marshfield, Wis
Menasha, Wis
Neenah, Wis
Shorewood, Wis
South Milwaukee, Wis..
Stevens Point, Wis
Two Rivers, Wis
Watertowai, Wis
Waukesha, Wis
Wisconsin Rapids, Wis..
Casper, Wyo
Cheyenne, Wyo
Laramie, Wyo
Sheridan, Wyo
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS
Albertville, Ala
Alexander City, Ala
Andalusia, Ala
Atmore, Ala
Attalla, Ala
Auburn, Ala
Brewton, Ala
Carbon Hill, Ala
Clanton, Ala^
Cullman, Ala
Demopolis, Ala
Enterprise, Ala
Eufaula, Ala
Fayette, Ala
Fort Payne, Ala
Geneva, Ala
Greenville, Ala
Guntersville, Ala.-..
Hartselle, Ala
Homewood, Ala
Jacksonville, Ala
Lanett, Ala...
Leeds, Ala
Northport, Ala
Opelika, Ala
Opp, Ala
Ozark, Ala
Pratt ville, Ala
Prichard, Ala
Roanoke, Ala
Russellville, Ala
Sheffield, Ala
Sylaca-uga, Ala
Talladega, Ala
Tarrant City. Ala _
Troy, Ala
Tuscumbia, Ala
Tuskegee, Ala
Bisbee, Ariz
Clifton, Ariz
Douglas, Ariz
Flagstaff, Ariz
Glendale, Ariz
Globe, Ariz
Mesa, Ariz
Miami, Ariz
Nogales, Ariz
Prescott, Ariz
Tempe, Ariz
Williams, Ariz
Winslow, Ariz
Yuma, Ariz
Arkadelphia, Ark...
Batesville, Ark
Brinkley, Ark
Camden, Ark
Conway, Ark
Crossett, Ark
De Queen, Ark
Dermott, Ark
Fayetteville, Ark...
Fordyce, Ark
Harrison, Ark
Helena, Ark
Hope, Ark
Malvern, Ark .
Mena, Ark
Monticello, Ark
Morrilton, Ark
Nashville, Ark.r.
Newport, Ark
Osceola, Ark
Paragould, Ark
Paris. Ark
Pocahontas, Ark
Prescott, Ark
Rogers, Ark
Russellville, Ark
Searcy, Ark
Siloam Sprhigs, Ark
Springdale, Ark
Stuttgart, Ark
35
Table 16. — Number of police department employees Apr. SO, 1947, cities with
population from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Trumann, Ark
Van Buren, Ark
Warren, Ark.
West Helena, Ark
Wynne, Ark
Antioch, Calif
Arcadia, Calif
Auburn, Calif
Azusa, Calif
Banning, Calif
Brea. Calif
Calexico, Calif
Carmel bv the Sea, Calif.
Chico, Ciilif
Chino, Calif
Chula Vista, Calif
Claremont. Calif
Coalinga, Calif
Colton, Calif
Corona, Calif
Coronado, Calif
Covina, Calif
Culver City, Calif
Daly City, Calif
Delano, Calif
Dinuba, Calif
El Cerrito, Calif
El Monte, Calif
El Segundo, Calif
Emeryville, Calif
Escondido, Calif
Exeter, Calif
Fillmore, Calif
Fort Bragg, Calif
Gardena, Calif
GUroy, Calif
Glendora, Calif
Grass Valley, Calif .
Hanford, Calif
Hawthorne, Calif
Hayward, Calif
Healdsbure, Calif
Hemet, Calif
Hermosa Beach, Calif
Hillsborough. Calif
HoUister, Calif
Huntington Beach, Calif.
Laguna Beach. Calif
La Mesa, Calif
La Verne, Calif
Lindsay, Calif
Livermore, Calif
Lompoc, Calif
Los Gatos, Calif
Madera, Calif
Manhattan Beach, Calif_
Martinez, Calif
Marvsville, Calif
Menlo Park, Calif
Mill Valley, Calif
Montebello, Calif
Monterey Park, Calif
Mountain View, Calif...
Napa, Calif
Needles, Calif
Newport Beach, Calif
North Sacramento, Calif.
Oakdale, Calif
Oceanside, Calif
Orange, Calif
Oroville, Calif
Oxnard, Calif
Pacific Grove, Calif
Palm Springs, Calif
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
Paso Robles, Calif
Petaluma, Calif
Piedmont, Calif
Pittsburg, Calif
Placerville, Calif
Porterville, Calif
Red Bluff, Calif
Redding, Calif
Rcedley, Calif
San Anselmo, Calif
San Bruno, Calif
San Carlos, Calif
San Fernando, Calif
Sanger, Calif
San Luis Obispo, Calif
San Marino, Calif
San Rafael, Calif
Santa Clara, Calif
Santa Maria, Calif
Santa Paula, Calif
Sausalito, Calif
Selma, Calif
Sierra Madre, Calif
Signal Hill, Calif
South San Francisco, Calif
Sunnyvale, Calif
Taft, Calif
Torrance, Calif
Tracv, Calif
Tulare, Cahf
Turlock, Calif
Ukiah, Calif
Upland, Calif
Visalia, Calif
Watsonville, Calif
Woodland, Calif
Yuba City, Calif
Alamosa, Colo
Aurora, Colo
Brighton, Colo
Canon City, Colo
Delta, Colo
Durango, Colo
Englewood, Colo
Florence, Colo
Fort Morgan, Colo
Golden, Colo
La Junta, Colo
Lamar, Colo
Las Animas, Colo
Leadville, Colo
Longmont, Colo
Loveland, Colo
Monte Vista, Colo
Montrose, Colo
Rockv Ford, Colo
Salida, Colo
Sterling, Colo
Walsenburg. Colo
Danielson, Conn -.
Groton, Conn
Putnam, Conn
Rockville, Conn
Southington, Conn
Stafford Springs, Conn
Winsted, Coim
Dover, Del
Laurel, Del
Milford, Del..
Newark, Del
Seaford, Del
Apalachicola, Fla
Auburndale, Fla
Avon Park, Fla
36
Table 16. — Numher of 'police department employees, Apr. 30, 1947, cities with
population from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10.000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
Bartow, Fla
Belle Glade, Fla
Cocoa, Fla
Coral Gables, Fla
Dade City, Fla
Dania, Fla —
De Funiak Springs, Fla.
De Land, Fla
Delray Beach, Fla
Eustis, Fla
Fernandina, Fla
Fort Pierce, Fla
Haines City, Fla
Hollywood, Fla
Homestead, Fla
Jacksonville Beach, Fla.
Kissimmee, Fla
Lake Wales, Fla
Lake Worth. Fla
Leesburg. Fla
Live Oak, Fla
Marianna, Fla
Melbourne . Fla
New Smyrna Beach, Fla
Ocala. Fla
Palatka. Fla
Palm Beach, Fla
Perry, Fla
Plant City, Fla
Quincy, Fla
Sebrin?;. Fla
Vero Beach, Fla
Wauchula, Fla
Winter Haven, Fla
Winter Park, Fla
Americus, Ga
Bainbridge, Ga
Bamesville, Ga
Baxley, Ga
Buford, Ga
Cairo, Ga
Calhoun, Ga,
Camilla, Ga
Canton, Ga
Carrollton, Ga
Cartersville, Ga
Cedartown, Ga
College Park, Ga
Commerce, Ga
Cordele, Ga
Cuthbert, Ga
Dawson, Ga
Douglas, Ga
Douglasville, Ga
Eastman, Ga
Elberton, Ga
Fitzgerald, Ga
Fort Valley, Ga
Hapeville, Ga
Hogansville, Ga
Jesup, Ga
Lafayette, Ga
Manchester, Ga
Marietta, Ga
Milledgeville, Ga
Millen, Ga
Monroe, Ga
Newnan, Ga
Pelham, Ga
Porterdale. Ga
Quitman, Ga
Rockmart. Ga
Rossville, Ga
Statesboro, Ga
Swainsboro, Ga
Toccoa, Ga
Trion, Ga
Vidalia, Ga .--.
Washington, Ga
Waynesboro, Ga
West Point, Ga
Winder, Ga
Blackfoot, Idaho
Burley, Idaho
Caldwell, Idaho
Emmett, Idaho
Gooding, Idaho
Kellogg, Idaho
Malad City, Idaho,. -
Montpelier, Idaho
Moscow, Idaho
Payette, Idaho
Preston, Idaho
Rexburg, Idaho
Rupert, Idaho
St. Anthony, Idaho..
Sandpoint, Idaho
Weiser, Idaho
Abingdon, 111
Aledo. Ill
Anna, 111
Arlington Heights, 111
Barrington. Ill
Batavia, 111
Beardstown, 111
Bellwood, 111
Belvidere, 111
Benton, 111
Bradlev. Ill
Bushnell, 111
Carbondale, 111
Carlinville, 111
Carlvle, 111
Carmi, 111
Carterville, 111
Casey, 111 -
Charleston. Ill
Chester, 111
Christopher, 111
Clinton, 111 ...
Collinsville, 111
Creve Coeur, 111
Crystal Lake, 111
DeKalb, 111
Des Plaines, 111
Dolton,Ill
Downers Grove, 111. _
Du Quoin, 111
East Alton, 111
East Peoria, 111
Edwardsville. Ill
Effingham, 111
Eldorado, 111
Evergreen Park, 111..
Fairfield, 111
Flora, 111
Franklin Park, 111....
Galena, 111
Galva, 111
Geneseo, 111
Geneva, 111
Georgetown. Ill
Gillespie. Ill
Glencoe. Ill
Glen Ellyn. Ill
Glenview, 111
Greenville, 111
Harvard, 111
37
Table 16. — Number of police department employees, Apr. 30, 1947, cities with
population from ^,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Oontinued
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
.Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
Havana, 111 - .
5
5
4
5
4
7
5
3
4
2
9
5
19
5
5
1
5
4
3
6
10
10
13
6
3
3
2
5
7
9
2
4
2
7
3
4
3
7
2
8
8
4
4
3
3
9
2
3
10
3
2
2
3
7
4
5
23
6
13
5
5
4
3
5
2
6
4
3
16
3
4
4
2
Sullivan, 111
3
Herrin, 111
Summit, IlL.
Sycamore, 111
U
3
7
Highland, 111
Highwood, 111 - - -
Taylorville, 111
Hillsboro, 111
Tuscola, III..
2
Hinsdale, 111
Vandalia, 111 .
5
Homewood, 111 - -
Venice, 111
12
Villa Park, 111
7
Jersevville, 111
Washington Park, 111
2
Johnston City 111
Watseka, 111
3
Kenilworth, 111 .
West Chicago, 111
4
La Grange Park, 111
Western Springs, III
7
Lake Forest, 111 -.. .. -
Westmont, 111
9
Westville, 111
2
Lawrenceville, IlL
Wheaton, 111
9
White Hall, 111 .
3
Liberty ville. 111
Wood River, 111
7
Litchfield, 111 .-
Woodstock, 111
6
Lockport, 111 -
Zeigler, 111 ...
3
Lombard, 111
Zion, 111 ..
5
Alexandria, Ind... . .
5
Macomb, 111 -
Angola, Ind.
4
Madison 111
Attica, Ind
3
Auburn, Ind . . . .. .
5
Marseilles 111
Aurora, Ind .
3
Marshall 111
Bates ville, Ind
3
McLeansboro, III
Beach Grove, Ind . .
4
Mendota 111
Bicknell, Ind
3
Bluffton, Ind .
6
Monmouth 111
Boonville, Ind . ..
3
Monticello, 111
Brazil, Ind ... . ..
6
Clinton, Ind ..
7
Morrison 111
Columbia Citv, Ind
4
Crown Point, Ind ... .-.
2
Mount Olive 111
Decatur, Ind .. . .. ...
6
Murphysboro 111
Dunkirk, Ind
2
Nanieoki 111
East Gary, Ind
3
Naperville 111
Franklin, Ind
5
Garrett, Ind
3
Normal 111
Gas City, Ind
3
North Chicago 111
Greencastle, Ind .. .
5
Greenfield, Ind
4
Oeleshv 111
Greensburg. Ind . .
6
Olney, 111
Hartford Citv, Ind
4
Highland, Ind.
2
Pana 111
Hobart, Ind . --
4
Paris 111
Huntingburg, Ind
2
Paxton 111
Jasonville, Ind _. .... .
3
Jasper, Ind. . .. ... --
2
Peru 111
Kendallville, Ind
4
Lawrencebure, Ind . .
4
Phoenix 111
Lebanon, Ind.. ... . ... .. . - .--
5
Pinpknpvvillp Til
Linton, Ind. . ..
5
Pittsfield 111
Madison, Ind . ..
6
Pontiac 111
Martinsville, Ind
4
Prinpptnn Til
Mitchell, Ind
3
Riverdale 111
Mount Vernon, Ind ... .
4
River Forest 111
Nappanee, Ind
4
Tfivpr frrnvp Til
Noblesville, Ind
7
North Vernon, Ind
7
Oakland Citv, Ind
2
RoohpllP Til
Petersbur?, Ind .. ..
2
Rock Falls 111
Plymouth, Ind .. -.-
4
Portland, Ind . ..
6
St Charlps Til
Princeton, Ind_- . . .. ..
7
Sandwich 111
Rensselaer, Ind
3
Rochester, Ind .. .. ..
4
Rhplhvvillp Til
Rush ville, Ind .. . -.
6
Silvis 111
Salem, Ind
3
Seymour, Ind . .
5
Rniith Tlplnit Til
Tell Citv, Ind
2
Tipton, Ind -- -
5
Union Citv, Ind .. ... -
3
Steger, 111
Valparaiso, Ind --
12
38
Table 16. — Number of police department employees, Apr. 30, 1947, cities with
population from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Wabash, Ind
Warsaw, Ind i...
Washington, Ind
West Lafayette, Ind
West Terre Haute, Ind..
Winchester, Ind
Albia, Iowa, ._-
Algona, Iowa
Anamosa, Iowa
Atlantic, Iowa
Belle Plaine, Iowa
Bettendorf, Iowa
Bloomfield, Iowa
Cedar Falls, Iowa
Centerville, Iowa
Chariton, Iowa.
Charles City, Iowa
Cherokee, Iowa...
Clarinda, Iowa.
Clarion, Iowa..'
Clear Lake, Iowa
Cresco, Iowa
Creston, Iowa
Decorah, Iowa
Denison. Iowa
Eagle Grove, Iowa.......
Eldora, Iowa
Emmetsburg, Iowa
Estherville, Iowa
Fairfield, Iowa
Grinnell, Iowa
Hampton, Iowa
Harlan, Iowa
Hawarden, Iowa
Humboldt, Iowa
Independence, Iowa
Indianola, Iowa
Iowa Falls, Iowa
Jefferson, Iowa
Knoxville, Iowa
Le Mars, Iowa
Maquoketa, Iowa
Marion, Iowa _-
Missouri Valley, Iowa..".
Monticello, Iowa
Mount Pleasant, Iowa. .
Nevada, Iowa
New Hampton, Iowa...
Oelwein, Iowa
Onawa. Iowa
Osage, Iowa
Osceola, Iowa
Bella, Iowa
Perry, Iowa
Red Oak, Iowa
Rock Rapids, Iowa
Sac City, Iowa
Sheldon, Iowa
Shenandoah, Iowa
Spencer, Iowa
Storm Lake, Iowa
Tipton, Iowa
Vinton, Iowa
Washington, Iowa
Waukon, Iowa.
Waverly, Iowa
Webster City, Iowa
West Des Moines, Iowa
Winterset. Iowa
Abilene, Kans_ .
Anthony, Kans
Augusta, Kans
Baxter Springs, Kans...
Belleville, Kans
Nsmber
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
Beloit, Kans
Caney, Kans
Cherry vale, Kans
Clay Center, Kans.._
Columbus, Kans
Concordia. Kans
Council Grove, Kans
Dodge City, Kans...
Eureka, Kans
Fredonia, Kans
Galena, Kans
Garden City, Kans..
Girard, Kans
Goodland, Kans
Great Bend, Kans...
Hays, Kans
Herington, Kans
Hiawatha, Kans
Hoisington, Kans
Holton. Kans
Horton, Kans
lola, Kans
Junction City. Kans.
Kingman. Kans
Earned, Kans
Liberal, Kans
Lyons. Kans
Marysville, Kans
McPherson,' Kans
Neodesha, Kans
Norton, Kans
Olathe. Kans
Osawatomie, Kans....
Paola, Kans
Pratt, Kans
Russell, Kans
Wellington, Kans
W infield, Kans
Belle vue, Ky
Carrollton, Ky
Central City, Ky
Corbin, Ky
Cumberland, Ky
Cynthiana, Ky
Danville. Ky
Dayton, Ky
Eismere. Ky
Franklin. Ky
Geoj'getown, Ky
Glasgow, Ky
Harrodsburg, Ky
Hazard, Ky
Irvine, Ky
Jenkins, Ky
Lebanon, Ky
Ludlow, Ky
Mayfield, Ky
Maysville, Ky
Mount Sterling, Ky.
Murray, Ky
Nicholasville, Ky
Paris, Ky
Pikeville, Ky
Pineville, Ky
Princeton, Ky
Providence, Ky
Richmond, Ky
Russellville, Ky
Shelby ville, Ky
Somerset, Ky
Versailles, Ky
Winchester, Ky
Abbeville, La
Bastrop, La
39
Table 16. — Number of police department emplorjeea, Apr, 30, 1947, cities with
population from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Bossier City, La
Bunkie, La
Covington, La
Crowley, La
De Quincy, La
De Ridder, La
Eunice, La
Franklin, La
Homer, La
Houma, La
Jeanerette, La
Jennings, La
Jonesboro, La
Kaplan, Laf
Morgan City, La
Opelousas, La
Pineville, La
Plaquemine, La
Ponchatoula, La
Rayne, La
St. Martinville, La
Slidell, La
Tallulah, La
Thibodaux, La
Ville Platte, La
West Monroe, La
Westwego, La
Winnfieid, La
Belfast, Maine
Brewer, Maine
Brunswick, Maine
Calais, Maine
Eastport, Maine
Ellsworth, Maine
Fairfield, Maine
Fort Fairfield, Maine
Gardiner, Maine
HaUowell, Maine
Old Town, Maine
Presque Isle, Maine
Rockland, Maine
Rumford, Maine
Saco, Maine
Brunswick, Md
Crisfield, Md .---
Easton, Md
Frostburg, Md
Greenbelt, Md
Havre de Grace, Md
Hyattsville, Md
Laurel, Md
Mount Rainier, Md
Pocomoke City, Md
Takoma Park, Md
Westernport, Md
Westminster, Md
Abington, Mass
Amherst, Mass
Auburn, Mass
Ayer, Mass
Barnstable, Mass
Blackstone, Mass
Bridge water. Mass
Canton, Mass
Concord, Mass
Dalton, Mass
Dartmouth, Mass
Dracut, Mass
Franklin, Mass
Great Barrington, Mass
Hingham, Mass
Hopedale, Mass
Hudson, Mass
Ipswich, Mass
7599!)5°— 47 6
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
Longmeadow, Mass
Ludlow, Mass
Mansfield, Mass
Maynard, Mass
Middleborough, Mass
Millbury, Mass
Montague. Mass
Nantucket, Mass
North Andover, Mass
Orange, Mass
Palmer, Mass
Provincetown, Mass
Randolph, Mass
Rockland, Mass
Rockport, Mass
Somerset, Mass
South Hadley, Mass
Spencer, Mass
Stoughton, Mass
Uxbridge, Mass
Walpole, Mass
Ware. Mass
Winchendon, Mass
Albion, Mich
Allegan, Mich
Allen Park, Mich
Alma, Mich
Belding, Mich
Berkley, Mich
Bessemer, Mich
Big Rapids, Mich
Boyne City. Mich
Buchanan. Mich
Cadillac, Mich
Caro, Mich
Center Line, Mich
Charlotte, Mich
Cheboygan, Mich
Clawson, Mich
Coldwater, Mich
Crystal Falls. Mich
Dowagiac, Mich
Durand, Mich
East Detroit, Mich
East Grand Rapids, Mich_.
East Lansing, Mich
Eaton Rapids, Mich
Fenton, Mich
Fremont, Mich
Garden City, Mich
Gladstone, Mich
Grand Haven, Mich
Grand Ledge. Mich
Greenville, Mich
Grosse Pointe, Mich
Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich.
Grosse Pointe Woods, Mich
Hancock, Mich
Hastings, Mich
Hillsdale, Mich
Houghton, Mich
Howell, Mich
Inkster, Mich
Ionia. Mich
Iron River, Mich
Ishpeming, Mich
Kingsford, Mich
L'Anse, Mich
Lapeer, Mich
Ludington, Mich
Manistee, Mich
Manistique, Mich
Marine City, Mich
Marshall, Mich
40
Table 16. — Nu7nher of police department employees, Apr. SO, 1947, cities with
population from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Mason, Mich ,
Melvindale, Mich
Mount Pleasant, Mich
Miinising, Mich
Negaunee, Mich
Newberry, Mich
Northville, Mich
Norway, Mich
Otsego, Michl
Petoskey, Mich
Pleasant Ridge, Mich
Plymouth, Mich
Rochester, Mich
Rogers City, Mich
Roseville, Mich
St. Clair, Mich
St. Ignace, Mich
St. Johns, Mich
St. Joseph, Mich
St. I.ouis, Mich
South Haven, Mich^
Sturgis, Mich
Tccumseh, Mich
Three Rivers, Mich
Trenton, Mich
Wakefield, Mich..
Wayne, Mich
Zeeiand, Mich
Alexandria, Mkml
Anoka, Minn
Bayport, Minn.
Bemidji, Minn..
Benson, Minn...
Blue Earth, Minn
Breckenridge, Minn
Chisholm, Minn.
Cloquet, Minn
Columbia Heights, Minn.
Crookston, Minn.
Crosby, Miiui
East Grand Forks, Minn.
Edina, Minn
Ely, Mirnil
Eveleth, Minn.
Fairmont, Minn
Gilbert, Minn
Glenwood, Minn
Grand Rapids, Minn
Hastings, Mum.
Hopkins, Minn"!
Hutchinson, Minn
International Falls, Minn.
Jackson, Minn..
Lake City, Minn
Litchfield, Minn
Little Falls, Miim
Luveme, Minn
Marshall, Minn
Montevideo, Minn
Moorhead, Minn
Morris, Minn...
New Ulm, Minn..
Northfield, Minn..
North Mankato, Minn
North St. Paul, Minn
O watonna , M inn _ _ ."
Park Rapids, Minn.
Pipestone, Minn
Red Wing, Minn
Redwood Falls, Minn
Richfield, Minn...
Robbinsdale, Minn
St. James, Minn
St. Louis Park, Minn
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
St. Peter, Minn
Sauk Centre, Minn
Sleepy Eye, Miim
Staples, Minn
Stillwater, Mimi
Thief River Falls, Minn
Tracy, Minn
Two Harbors, Minn
Wadena, Minn
Waseca, Minn
White Bear Lake, Minn
Willmar, Minn
Windom, Minn
Worthington, Minn
Aberdeen, Miss
Amory, Miss
Bay St. Louis, Miss
Belzoni, Miss
Brookhaven, Miss
Canton, Miss
Cleveland, Miss
Columbia, Miss
Corinth, Miss
Durant, Miss
Grenada, Miss
Hazlehurst, Miss
Indianola, Miss
Kosciusko, Miss
Leland, Miss
Lexington, Miss
Louisville, Miss
McComb, Miss
Moss Point, Miss
Oxford, Miss
Pascagoula, Miss
Pass Christian, Miss
Phiiadelphia, Miss
Picayime, Miss
Tupelo, Miss
Water Valley, Miss
Winona, Miss
Yazoo City, Miss
Aurora, Mo...
Berkeley, Mo
Boonville, Mo.''
Brentwood, Mo_
Butler, Mo _
Cameron, Mo
Carrollton, Mo
Caruthersville, Mo
Chillicothe, Mo
Clinton, Mo
Crystal City, Mo
De Soto, Mo
Dexter, M©
Excelsior Springs, Mo._.
Farmington, Mo
Fayette, Mo.*"
Ferguson, Mo
Festus, Mo
Fredericktown, Mo
Glendale, Mo
Hayti, Mo
Higginsville, Mo
Jackson, Mo...
Kennett, Mo
Ladue, Mo_
Lamar, Mo
Lebanon, Mo...
Lexington, Mo
Louisiana, Mo
Macon, Mo
Marceline, Mo.
Marshall, Mo
41
Table 16. — Number of police department employees, Apr. 30, 1947, cities with
populatio7i from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS-Continued
City
Maryville, Mo
Mexico, Mo
Monett, Mo
Neosho, Mo
Nevada, Mo
North Kansas City, Mo
Overland, Mo
Richmond, Mo
Rolla, Mo
Salem, Mo
Sikeston, Mo
Slater, Mo
Sullivan, Mo
Trenton, Wo
Vandalia, Mo
Warrensburg, Mo
Washington, Mo
Webb City, Mo
West Plains. Mo
Bozeman, Mont
Cut Bank, Mont .-.
Deer Lodge, Mont
Dillon, Mont
Glasgow, Mont
Olendive, Mont
Havre, Mont
Kalispell, Mont
Laurel, Mont
Lewistown, Mont
Livingston, Mont
Miles City, Mont
Red Lodge, Mont
Roundup, Mont
Shelby, Mont
Sidney, Mont
Whitefish, Mont
Alliance, Nebr
Auburn, Nebr
Blair, Nebr
Broken Bow, Nebr
Chadron, Nebr
Columbus, Nebr
Crete, Nebr
Fairbuxy, Nebr
Falls City, Nebr
Qering, Nebr
Holdrege, Nebr
Kearney, Nebr
Lexington, Nebr
McCook, Nebr
Nebraska City, Nebr...
Ogallala, Nebr
O'Neill, Nebr
Plattsmouth, Nebr
Schuyler, Nebr
Seward, Nebr
Sidney, Nebr
Superior, Nebr
Wahoo, Nebr
AVayne, Nebr
West Point, Nebr
York, Nebr
Elko, Nev
Ely, Nev
Las Vegas, Nev
Sparks, Nev
Derry, N. H
Exeter, N. H
Franklin, N. H
Lebanon, N. H
Littleton, N. H
Milford, N. H
Newport, N. H
Somersworth, N. H
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
Audubon, N. J
Belraar, N. J
Beverly, N.J
Bogota, N. J
Boonton, N. J
Bordentown, N. J
Bound Brook, N. J
Bradley Beach, N.J...
Butler, N.J
Caldwell, N.J
Cape May, N. J
Carlstadt, N. J
Chatham, N.J
Clementon, N. J
Closter, N. J
Dumont, N. J
Dunellen, N. J
East Paterson, N. J...
East Rutherford, N. J.
Edgewater, N. J
Egg Harbor City, N. J
Fair Lawn, N. J
Flemington, N.J
FortLee, N. J
Frankhn, N. J
Freehold, N. J
Garwood, N. 3
Glassboro, N. J
Glen Ridge, N. J
Glen Rock, N.J
Guttenberg, N. J
Hackettstown, N. J...
Haddonficld, N. J
Haddon Heights, N. J.
Hammonton, N. J
Highland Park, N. J..
Hightstown, N. J
Hillsdale, N. J
Keansburg, N. J
Keyport, N. J
Lambertville, N. J
Leonia, N. J
Little Ferry, N. J
Madison, N. J
Manville, N. J
Margate City, N. J
Matawan, N. J
Maywood, N. J
Merchantville, N. J...
Metuchen, N. J
Middlesex, N. J
Midland Park, N.J...
Milltown,N. J
New Milford, N.J... .
Newton, N. J
North Arhngton, N. J.
Northfleld, N. J
North Haledon, N. J..
Oaklvn, N. J
Ocean City, N. J
Oceanport, N. J
Oradell,N. J
Palisades Park, N. J...
Palmyra, N. J
Paramus, N. J
Park Ridge, N.J
Paulsboro, N. J
Penns Grove, N. J
Pitman, N. J
Pompton Lakes, N. J.
Princeton, N. J
Prospect Park, N. J....
Ramsey, N. J
Raritan, N. J
42
Table 16. — Number of police department employees, Apr. SO
population from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
1947\ cities with
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Ridgefield, N. J
River Edge, N. J
Rockaway, N. J
Roselle Park, N. J
Rumson, N. J.. —
Runnemede, N. J -.-
Salem, N. J .-.
Sayreville, N. J .--.
Seeaucus, N. J
Somerville, N. J
South Plainfield, N. J-..
Tenafly, N. J
Totowa, N. J
Ventnor City, N. J
Verona, N. J
Vineland, N. J
Wallington, N.J
Wanaque, N. J
Washington, N. J
West Caldwell, N. J
West Paterson, N. J
Westville,N. J
Wharton, N. J
Wildwood, N. J
Woodbury, N. J
Woodlynne, N. J
Wood-Ridge. N. J
Alamogordo, N. Mex
Artesia, N. Mex
Belen, N. Mex
Carlsbad, N. Mex
Clayton, N. Mex
Deming.N. Mex
Gallup,'N. Mex
Hot Springs, N. Mex
Las Cruces, N. Mex
Las Vegas City, N. Mex.
Las Vegas Town, N. Mex
Lordsburg, N. Mex
Portales, N. Mex
Raton, N. Mex
Silver City, N. Mex
Socorro. N. Mex
Tucumeari, N, Mex
Albion, N.Y.„.
Amityville, N. Y
Babylon, N.Y
Balfiwinsville, N. Y
Ballston Spa, N. Y
Bath. N.Y
Brockport, N. Y
Bronxville, N. Y
Canajoharie, N. Y
Canandaigua, N. Y
Canastota, N. Y
Canisteo, N. Y
Carthage, N.Y
Catskill, N.Y
Cobleskill, N. Y..
Cooperstown, N. Y
Corinth, N. Y..
Croton-on -Hudson, N. Y.
Dansville, N.Y
Depew, N. Y
Dobbs Ferry, N. Y
Dolgeville, N. Y
East Aurora, N. Y
East Rochester, N. Y
East Syracuse, N. Y
EUenville, N. Y
Elmira Heights, N. Y
Elmsford, N. Y
Falconer, N. Y
Fort Edward, N. Y
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
Fort Plain, N. Y
Frankfort, N. Y
Fredonia, N. Y
Goshen, N.Y
Gouverneur, N. Y
Gowanda, N. Y
Granville, N.Y
Green Island, N. Y
Greenport, N. Y
Hamburg, N. Y
Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y
Haverstraw, N. Y
Herkimer, N. Y._
Highland Falls, N. Y
Homer, N. Y
Hoosick Falls, N. Y
Horseheads, N. Y
Hudson Falls, N.Y
Ilion, N. Y
Irvington, N. Y
Lake Placid, N. Y
Larchmont, N. Y
LeRov, N.Y .
Liberty, N.Y
Lindenhurst, N. Y..
Liverpool, N. Y
Long Beach, N. Y
Lvons, N. Y
Malone, N.Y
Malveme, N. Y
Mechanicville, N. Y
Medina, N. Y
Mohawk, N.Y
Monticello, N. Y.
Mount Kisco, N. Y
Mount Morris, N.Y
Newark, N. Y
New York Mills, N. Y....
North Pelham, N. Y
Northport, N. Y
North Tarry town, N. Y.-
Norwich, N. Y
Nyack, N. Y
Owego, N. Y
Palmyra, N. Y
Patchogue, N. Y
Pelham Manor, N. Y
Penn Yan, N. Y
Pleasantville, N. Y
Port Jervis, N. Y
Potsdam, N. Y
Rye, N.Y
Sag Harbor, N. Y
Salamanca, N. Y
Saranac Lake, N. Y
Saugerties, N. Y
Scotia, N. Y
Seneca Falls, N. Y
Sidney, N. Y
Silver Creek, N. Y
Sloan, N.Y
Solvay, N. Y
Southampton, N. Y
South Glens Falls, N. Y...
Spring Valley, N. Y
Springville, N. Y
Suffem,N. Y.
Tarrytown, N. Y
Ticonderoga, N. Y
Tuckahoe, N. Y
Tupper Lake, N. Y
AVaUlen, N. Y
Walton, N. Y
Wappingers Falls, N. Y...
43
Table 16. — Number of police department employees Apr. 30, 1947, cities with
population from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 2.500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Warsaw, N.Y
Waterford, N. Y
Waterloo, N. Y
Watkins Glen, N. Y
Waverly, N. Y
Wellsville, N. Y
Westficld, N. Y
Whitehall, N. Y
Whitesboro, N. Y
Yorkville, N. Y
Albemarle, N. C
Asheboro, N. C
Beaufort, N. C
Belmont, N'C
Bessemer City, N. C_.-.-
Brevard, N. C
Canton, N. C
Chapel Hill, N. C
Cherry ville, N. C
Clmton, N. C
Dunn, N. C
Edenton, N. C
Elkins, N. C
Forest City, N. C
Graham, N. C
Henderson, N. C
Hendersonville, N. C
Kings Mountain, N. C__.
Laurinburg, N. C
Lenoir, N. C
Liiicolnton, N. C
Lumberton, N. C
Marion, N.C..
Monroe, N. C
Moores ville, N. C
Morehead City, N. C_...
Morganton, N. C
Mount Airy, N. C
Newton, N. C
North Wilkesboro, N. C.
Oxford, N. C
Roanoke Rapids, N. C_.
Rockingham, N. C
Sanford, N. C
Scotland Neck, N. C
Smithfield, N. C
Spencer, N. C
Spindale, N. C
Tarboro, N. C
Valdese, N. C
Washington, N. C
Waynesville, N. C
Whiteville, N. C
Williams ton, N. C
De\'ils Lake, N. Dak
Dickinson, N. Dak
Grafton, N. Dak
Jamestown, N. Dak
Mandan, N. Dak
Valley City, N. Dak....
Wahpeton, N. Dak
Williston, N. Dak
Amherst, Ohio...
Athens, Ohio
Barnesville, Ohio
Bay, Ohio
Bedford, Ohio
Bellefontaine, Ohio
Belle vue, Ohio
Berea, Ohio
Bexley, Ohio
Bowling Green, Ohio-,
Bridgeport, Ohio
Bryan, Ohio ---.
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
Bucyrus, Ohio
Cadiz, Ohio-
Carey, Ohio --
CarroUton, Ohio
Celiiia, Ohio
Chagrin Falls, Ohio.-
Cheviot, Ohio --
Circleville, Ohio
Clyde, Ohio
Columbiana, Ohio
Conneaut, Ohio
Crestline, Ohio
Crooksville, Ohio
Deer Park, Ohio
Defiance, Ohio
Delaware, Ohio
Dennison, Ohio
Dover, Ohio
East Palestine, Ohio
Eaton, Ohio
Elmwood Place, Ohio
Fairport Harbor, Ohio
Fairview, Ohio
Franklin, Ohio
Gallon, Ohio-_.
Gallipolis, Ohio-.-.
Geneva, Ohio
Girard, Ohio
Glouster, Ohio
Grandview Heights, Ohio-
Greenfield, Ohio
Greenhills, Ohio
Greenville, Ohio
Hicksville, Ohio
Hubbard, Ohio
Jackson, Ohio
Kent, Ohio --
Kenton, Ohio
Lebanon, Ohio
Lisbon, Ohio ---
Lockland, Ohio
Logan, Ohio-.-
Louisville, Ohio
Maple Heights, Ohio
Marysville, Ohio
Maumee, Ohio
Mayfield Heights, OhiO-..
Medina, Ohio
Miamisburg, Ohio
Middleport, Ohio
Minerva, Ohio
Mingo Junction, Ohio
Montpelier, Ohio
Moimt Healthy, Ohio
Napoleon, Ohio
Nelsonville, Ohio
New Boston, Ohio
Newburgh Heights, Ohio.
Newcomerstown, Ohio —
New Lexuigton, Ohio
Newton Falls, Ohio
North Baltimore, Ohio..-
North Canton, Ohio
North College Hill, Ohio.
North Olmsted, Ohio
North Royalton, Ohio
Norwalk, Ohio
Oakwood, Ohio
Oberlin, Ohio
Orrville, Ohio
Oxford, Ohio---
Perrysburg, Ohio
Pomeroy, Ohio
Port Clinton, Ohio
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
13
2
4
2
3
6
8
10
5
2
10
6
1
4
6
9
4
12
5
3
4
4
5
4
4
3
9
5
3
10
4
6
4
4
7
2
2
5
4
4
9
5
8
7
5
3
5
2
3
4
1
10
9
4
3
3
7
4
7
44
Table 16. — Number of police department employees, Apr. SO
population from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
19^7, cities with
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Ravenna , Ohio -■
Reading, Ohio
Rittman, Ohio
Rocky River, Ohio
St. Bernard, Ohio
St. Clairsville, Ohio
St. Marys, Ohio
Sebring, Ohio
Shadvside, Ohio
Shelby, Ohio
Silverton, Ohio
South Eudid, Ohio
Tallmadge, Ohio
Tipp City, Ohio
Toronto, Ohio
Trov, Ohio
Uhrichsville, Ohio
University Heights, Ohio
Upper Arlington, Ohio
Upper Sandusky, Ohio
Urbana, Ohio
Van Wert, Ohio
Wadsworth, Ohio
Wapakoneta, Ohio
Washington Court House, Ohio.
Wauseon, Ohio
Wellmgton, Ohio
Wellston, Ohio
Wellsville, Ohio
Westerville, Ohio
Westlake, Ohio
Wickliffe, Ohio
Willard, Ohio
Willoughby, Ohio ..
Wilmington, Ohio
Wyoming, Ohio
Altus, Okla
Anadarko, Okla
Atoka, Okla
Bethany, Okla
Blackwell, Okla
Bristow, Okla
Chandler, Okla...-
Cherokee, Okla
Cleveland, Okla
Clinton, Okla
Cordell, Okla
Cushing, Okla
Drumright, Okla
Duncan, Okla
Edmond, Okla...
Elk City, Okla
Frederick, Okla
Hartshorne, Okla
Henryetta, Okla
Hohart, Okla
Holdenville, Okla
Hollis, Okla...
Hominv, Okla
Hugo, Okla
Kingfisher, Okla
Madill, Okla.--.
Mangum, Okla
Marlow, Okla
Miami, Okla...
Nowata, Okla
Pauls Valley, Okla.
Pawhuska, Okla
Pawnee, Okla
Perry, Okla.
Richer, Okla
Poteau, Okla
Pryor Creek. Okla
Purcell, Okla
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
Sand Springs, Okla..
Sayre, Okla
Sulphur, Okla
Tahlequah, Okla
Tonkaw^a, Okla
Vinita, Okla
Wagoner, Okla
Watonga, Okla
Woodward, Okla
Albany, Oreg
Ashland, Oreg
Baker, Oreg
Burns. Oieg
Coquille, Oreg
Corvallis, Oreg
Cottage Grove, Oreg.
Dallas, Oreg
Grants Pass, Oreg
Hillsboro, Oreg
Hood River, Oreg .--
La Grande, Oreg
Lebanon, Oreg
McMinnville, Oreg.-
North Bend, Oreg
Ontario, Oreg
Oregon City, Oreg.-.
Pendleton, Oreg
Roseburg, Oreg
St. Helens, Oreg
Seaside, Oreg
Silverton, Oreg
Springfield, Oreg--- .
The Dalles, Oreg
Tillamook, Oreg
Aldan, Pa
.Ambler, Pa
Apollo, Pa.
Archbald, Pa
Ashland, Pa..
Aspinwall, Pa
Avalon, Pa
Avoca, Pa
Bangor, Pa
Barnesboro, Pa
Beaver, Pa
Bedford, Pa
Bellefonte, Pa
Bellwood, Pa
Ben Avon, Pa
Bentleyville, Pa
Birdsboro, Pa
Blairsville, Pa
Blakely, Pa .--
Bloomsburg, Pa
Boyertown, Pa
Brackenridge, Pa
Brentwood, Pa
Bridgeport, Pa
Brockway, Pa
Brookville, Pa
Brownsville, Pa
Burnham, Pa --.
California, Pa-
Camp Hill, Pa
Castle Shannon, Pa-.
Catasauqua, Pa
Clarion, Pa
Clarks Summit, Pa..
Clearfield, Pa
Clifton Heights, Pa..
Clymer, Pa
Coaldale, Pa
Collingdale, Pa
Coplay, Pa
45
Table 16. — Nnmher of police department, employees, Apr. 30, 1947, cities with
population from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Corry, Pa
Crafton, Pa
Cresson, Pa
Curwensville, Pa
Dale, Pa
Dallastown, Pa
Danville, Pa...
Derry, Pa-
Downingtown, Pa
Doylestown, Pa
Dupont, Pa
Duryea, Pa
East Lansdowne, Pa..
East Pittsburgh, Pa-.
East Stroudsburg, Pa.
Ebensburg, Pa
Edgewood, Pa
Edwardsville, Pa
Elizabethtown, Pa
Emmaus, Pa
Emporium, Pa
Ephrata, Pa
Etna, Pa
Exeter, Pa
Ford City, Pa
Forest City, Pa
Forest Hills, Pa
Forty Fort, Pa
Fountain Hill, Pa
Franklin, Pa..
Freedom, Pa
Freeland, Pa
Freeport, Pa
Gettysburg, Pa
Glassport, Pa
Glen Olden, Pa
Greenville, Pa
Grove City, Pa
Hatboro, Pa
Hellertown, Pa
Hollidaysburg, Pa
Honesdale, Pa
Hummelstown, Pa...
Huntingdon, Pa
Ingram, Pa
Irwin, Pa
Jenkintown, Pa
Jermyn, Pa
Jersey Shore , Pa
Johnsonburg, Pa
Kane, Pa
Kennett Square, Pa..
Kittanning, Pa
KutztowTi, Pa
Lansdale, Pa
Lansford, Pa
Larksville, Pa
Laureldale, Pa
Leechburg, Pa
Lemoyne, Pa
Lewisburg, Pa
Lititz, Pa
Luzerne, Pa
Lykens, Pa
Manheim, Pa
Marcus Hook, Pa
Masontown, Pa
Mauch Chunk, Pa...
McAdoo, Pa
McDonald, Pa
Mechanicsburg, Pa. .
Meyersdale, Pa
Middletown, Pa
Midland, Pa
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
Millersburg, Pa .
Milton, Pa
Minersville, Pa.
Monaca, Pa
Monongahela, Pa
Montoursville, Pa
Moosic, Pa
Morrisville, Pa
Mount Joy, Pa
Moimt Oliver, Pa
Mount Penn, Pa
Mount Pleasant, Pa
Mount Union, Pa
Myerstown, Pa
Nanty Glo, Pa
Narberth, Pa
Nazareth, Pa
New Brighton, Pa
New Cumberland, Pa
Northampton, Pa
North Belle Vernon, Pa-_..
North Catasauqua, Pa
North Charleroi, Pa
North East, Pa
Northumberland, Pa
Norwood, Pa
Oakmont, Pa
Olyphant, Pa
Oxford, Pa ......
Palmerton, Pa
Palmyra, Pa
Patton, Pa
Pen Argyl, Pa
Perkasie, Pa
Philipsburg, Pa
Pitcairn, Pa
Portage, Pa
Port Vue, Pa
Prospect Park, Pa
Punxsutawney, Pa
Quakertown, Pa
Rankin, Pa
Red Lion, Pa
Renovo, Pa
Reynoldsville, Pa
Ridgway.'Pa
Roaring Spring, Pa
Rochester, Pa
Royersford, Pa
St. Clair, Pa
St. Marys, Pa
Sayre, Pa
Schuvlkill Haven, Pa
Scottdale, Pa
Selins Grove, Pa
Sewicklev, Pa
Sharon Hill, Pa
Sharpsburg, Pa
Shillington, Pa
Shippensburg, Pa
Slatington, Pa
Somerset, Pa
Souderton, Pa
South Connellsville, Pa...
South Fork, Pa
South Greensburg, Pa
Southwest Greensburg, Pa
South Williamsport, Pa...
Spangler, Pa
Spring City, Pa
Springdale, Pa
State College, Pa
Stroudsburg, Pa
Sugar Notch, Pa
46
Table 16. — Number of police department employees, Apr. 30, 1947, cities with
population from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
Susquehanna, Pa
Swarthmore, Pa
Swoyerville, Pa
Tarentum, Pa
Taylor, Pa
Throop.Pa .--
Titusville, Pa. -
Towanda, Pa
Trafford, Pa
Turtle Creek, Pa
Tyrone, Pa
Union City, Pa
Verona, Pa
Waynesburg, Pa
Weatherly, Pa
Wellsboro, Pa
Wesley ville. Pa
West Hazleton, Pa
West Homestead, Pa..
Westmont, Pa
West Newton, Pa
West Pittston, Pa
West Reading, Pa
West View, Pa
West Wyoming, Pa_..
Williamstown, Pa
Wilmerdmg, Pa
Wilson, Pa
Windber, Pa
Winton, Pa
Wyoming, Pa
Wyomissing, Pa
Yeadon, Pa
Youngwood, Pa
Barrington, R. I
Burrillville, R. I
East Greenwicii, R. I.
Warren, R. I
Abbeville, S. C
Aiken, S. C.
Bamberg, S. C
Batesburg, S. C
Beaufort, S.C
Bennettsville, S. C...
Bishopville, S. C
Cheraw, S. C
Chester, S. C
Clinton, S. C
Conway, S. C
Darlington, S. C
Dillon, S. C_-..
Eau Claire, S. C
Fort Mill, S.C
Gaffney, S. C
Georgetown, S. C
Greer, S.C
HoneaPath, S. C...-
Kingstree, S. C
Lake City, S.C
Lancaster, S. C
Laurens, S. C
Marion, S.C
Mullins, S.C
Newberry, S. C
North Augusta, S. C.
Union, S.C
Walhalla, S. C
Whitmire, S. C
Williamston, S.C-..
York, S.C...
Brookings, S. Dak...
Canton, S. Dak
Deadwood, S. Dak...
Hot Springs, S. Dak.
Lead, S. Dak
Madison, S. Dak
Milbank, S. Dak..
Mobridge, S. Dak.
Pierre, S. Dak
Sisseton, S. Dak
Sturgis, S. Dak
Vermillion, S. Dak
Yankton, S. Dak
Alcoa, Term
.Athens, Tenn
Brownsville, Tenn
Clinton, Tenn .,
Cookeville, Tenn
Covington, Tenn
Elizabethton, Tenn
Erwin, Tenn
Etowah, Tenn
Fayetteville, Tenn
Franklin, Tenn
Gallatin, Tenn.
Greeneville, Tenn
Harriman, Tenn
Humboldt, Tenn
Jefferson City, Tenn...
La Follette, Tenn
Lawrenceburg, Tenn...
Lebanon, Tenn
Lenoir City, Tenn
Lewisburg, Tenn
Loudon, Term
Martin, Tenn
Milan, Tenn
Morristown, Tenn
Mount Pleasant, Tenn.
Murfreesboro, Tenn
Newport, Tenn
Paris, Tenn
Pulaski, Tenn
Ripley, Tenn
Shelby ville, Tenn
Sparta, Tenn
Springfield, Tenn
Sweetwater, Tenn
Trenton, Temi
Union City, Tenn
Winchester, Tenn
Alamo Heights, Tex
Alice, Te-x
Alpine, Tex
Alvin, Tex
Aransas Pass, Tex
Athens, Tex.
Ballinger, Tex
Beeville, Tex
Benavides, Tex
Bonham, Tex.
Bowie, Tex.-
Brady, Tex
Brockenridge, Tex
Brenham, Tex
Brownfiold, Tex
Burkburnett, Tex
Canyon, Tex
Childress, Tex
Cisco, Tex
Coleman, Tex
Commerce, Tex
Conroe, Tex
Cooper, Tex..
Crockett, Tex..
Cuoro, Tex
Dublin, Tex
Eagle Pass, Tex
47
Table 16. — Number of police department employees, Apr. SO, 1947, cities with
population from. 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued '
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS-Continued
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
Eastland, Tex
3
5
5
3
2
4
13
2
4
2
10
2
4
^ 1
1
4
9
4
4
8
1
5
11
9
2
5
2
3
3
2
14
1
1
3
1
12
4
3
4
3
8
4
4
6
10
3
30
2
25
9
3
10
1
7
2
2
2
5
1
1
3
1
5
4
4
7
2
5
2
16
5
11
4
West University Place Tox
6
3
4
<>
Edinburg, Tex
American Fork, Utah '
Electra, Tex
Floydada, Tex .. . .
Bountiful, Utah ' '
Fort Stockton, Tex
Brigham, Utah
Freeport, Tex
Cedar City, Utah
6
5
2
4
6
3
2
Gainesville, Tex
Helper, Utah
Gatesville, Tex
Lehi, Utah
Georgetown, Tex . . . .---.__
Midvale, Utah
Gilmer, Tex . _ . .
Murray, Utah
Gladewatei, Tex.. . . ... . __
Nephi, Utah
Gonzales, Tex... ..
Orem, Utah
Graham, Tex .... .
Park City, Utah
Hamilton. T^x
3
7
Haskell, Tex
Price, Utah
Hearne, Tex . . . . ...
Richfield, Utah
Henderson, Tex .
St. George, Utah
3
Hillsboro, Tex
South Salt Lake, Utah
Hmitsville, Tex
Spanish Fork, Utah
Jacksonville, Tex ... .. . .
Springville, Utah
3
Jefferson, Tex . . . ...
Tooele, Utah .
Kerrville, Tex
Bellows Falls, Vt
Kilgore, Tex
Bennington, Vt
5
Kingsville, Tex
Brattleboro, Vt
10
Lamesa, Tex.. . . . ...
Newport, Vt .. ..
Lampasas, Tex. . ....
St. Albans, Vt
4
Levelland, Tex
St. Johnsburv, Vt
7
Littlefield, Tex
Springfield, Vt
8
Llano, Tex .. ....
Waterbury, Vt
1
Lufkin, Tex
Windsor, Vt
3
Luling, Tex .. . .
Winooski, Vt
4
Marfa, Tex
Abingdon, Va
5
Marliii, Tex . .......
3
Mart, Tex
Anpalachia, Va
4
McKlnney, Tex . .._ . ._ .
Bedford, Va
7
Blackstone, Va .
4
Mercedes, Tex
Bristol, Va
19
Mexia, Tex . . ...
5
Mineola, Tex
Clifton Forge, Va
8
Mineral Wells, Tex
Colonial Heights, Va-._ ..
4
Mission, Tex
Covington, Va
6
Monahans, Tex
Emporia, Va
Falls Church, Va.
7
New Braunfels, Tex
Franklin, Va
7
Nocona, Tex. .
Front Royal, Va
6
Odessa, Tex .. .
Galax, Va. .. ...... ...
6
Olney, Tex
Hampton, Va
17
17
13
Pharr, Tex. .....
Lexington, Va
6
Plainview, Tex
7
Quanah Tex
Norton, Va ...
6
Phoebus, Va . ... . ..
5
3
Robstown Tex
Pulaski, Va .. .
12
Rusk, Tex
Radford, Va .. .. --. .. ..
S
San Diego, Tex
Salem, Va .
6
Seagraves Tex
Saltville, Va .. ..
4
Sinton, Tex
Slaton, Tex
South Norfolk, Va
Vinton, Va. . . . _ .
12
3
Smithville, Tex
Snyder, Tex
Stamford, Tex
Stephenville, Tex
Virginia Beach, Va
Waynesboro, Va
12
12
Williamsburg, Va
Wvtheville, Va
6
9
Anacortes, Wash... ...
6
Taft, Tex
Auburn, Wash
Camas, Wash __
6
Taylor, Tex
6
Centralia. Wash . ...
11
Texas City Tex
Chehalis, Wash
5
Uvalde Tex
Clarkston, Wash
2
Vernon, Tex . .
Colfax, Wash
Davton, Wash ..... . _..
4
Weatherford Tex
2
Weslaco, Tex
Ellensburg, Wash
9
48
Table 16. — Numher of police department employees, Apr. 30, 1947, cities with
population from 2,500 to 25,000 — Continued
CITIES WITH 2,500 TO 10,000 INHABITANTS— Continued
City
Enumclaw, Wash
Grand Coulee, Wash
Kelso, Wash
Kent, Wash
Mount Vernon, Wash
Pasco, Wash
Port Angeles, Wash
Port Townsend, Wash
Pullman, Wash
Puyallup, Wash
Raymond, Wash
Renton, Wash
Sedro Woolley, Wash
Shelton, Wash
Snohomish, Wash
Toppenish, Wash ...
Benwood, W. Va
Charles Town, W. Va
Dunbar, W. Va
Elkins, W. Va
Follansbee, W. Va
Grafton, W. Va
Hinton, W. Va
Keyser, W. Va
Keystone, W. Va
Logan, W. Va
Mannington, W. Va
McMechen, W. Va
Montgomery, W. Va
Mullens, W. Va
New Martinsville, W. Va.
Nitro, W. Va
Piedmont, W. Va
Point Pleasant, W. Va
Princeton, W. Va
Richwood, W. Va
St. Albans, W. Va
Salem, W. Va
Shinnston, W. Va
Sistersville, W. Va
Welch, W. Va
Wellsburg; W. Va
Weston, W. Va
Williamson, W. Va
Algoma, Wis
Antigo, Wis
Baraboo, Wis
Berlin, Wis
Black River Falls, Wis...
Burlington, Wis
Clintonville, Wis
Columbus, Wis..
Delavan, Wis
De Pere, Wis
Edgerton, Wis
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
Fort Atkinson, Wis
Greendale, Wis
Hartford, Wis
Hudson, Wis
Hurley, Wis
Jefferson, Wis
Kaukauna, Wis
Kewaunee, Wis
Kimberly, Wis
Ladysmith, Wis
Lake Geneva, Wis
Lancaster, Wis
Little Chute, Wis
Mauston, Wis
Mayville, Wis
Menomonie, Wis
Merrill, Wis
Monroe, Wis
Neillsville, Wis
New London, Wis
Oconomowoc, Wis
Oconto, Wis
Park Falls, Wis
Platte ville. Wis
Plymouth, Wis
Portage, Wis
Port Washington, Wis
Prairie Du Chien, Wis
Reedsburg, Wis
Rhinelander, Wis
Rice Lake, Wis
Richland Center, Wis.
Ripon, Wis
River Falls, Wis
Shawano, Wis
Sheboygan Falls, Wis.
Sparta, Wis
Spooner, Wis
Stoughton, Wis
Sturgeon Bay, Wis
Tomah, Wis
Viroqua, Wis
Waupaca, Wis
Waupun, Wis
West Bend, Wis
West Milwaukee, Wis
Whitefish Bay, Wis...
Whitewater, Wis
Cody, Wyo
Evanston, Wyo
Green River, Wyo
Lander, Wyo
Rawlins, Wyo
Riverton, Wyo
Rock Springs, Wyo...
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
ANNUAL REPORTS
Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1946
Crimes against the person were cleared by the poUce in 1946 with
the arrest of the assailant in 78.9 percent of the cases. This con-
trasts sharply with a 25.2 percent arrest clearance rate for crimes
having property as the object. Offenses against the person (criminal
homicides, rapes, and aggravated assaults) because of their serious-
ness are generally given concentrated investigative attention by the
police. I Then, too, the offender is observed in many such cases and
also the crimes are more promptly discovered in comparison with
other offenses.
Robbery is classed as a crime against property but is accomplished
in the presence of the victim and accordingly has some of the elements
of a crime against the person. The robbery arrest clearance rate,
37.1 percent last year, reflects a relationship of this offense to crimes
against the person. Omitting robbery, 24.8 percent of crimes against
property were followed by the arrest of the offender.
However, it is noted that the bulk of police investigations, 94.7
percent in the cities studied, involved crimes against property result-
ing in 189,031 offenses of this type being cleared by the arrest of one
or more of the responsible persons as compared with the clearance of
32,954 crimes against the person.
The term ''cleared by arrest" is descriptive of most of the cases
included under this heading in the Uniform Crime Reporting system.
Generally, the term means that one or more of the persons responsible
has been arrested and made available for prosecution. However,
there is a small portion of police cases involving exceptional situations
considered as clearing an offense although the offender is not arrested
and charged with the commission of the offense in the jurisdiction
where the crime occurred. There are certain specific limitations for
''exceptional clearances" contained in the Uniform Crime Reportmg
Handbook, published by the F B I for the guidance of the police in
preparing the reports. In general, it is required that the identity and
whereabouts of the offender are established by the police but for
reasons beyond their control it is not possible to prosecute the respon-
sible person in the local jurisdiction.
The recovery of property alone does not warrant the listing of the
case as cleared by arrest. For example, the police regularly recover
(49)
50
over 90 percent of the automobiles stolen but in 1946 only 28.8 percent
of such cases were cleared by the arrest of the thieves.
For comprehensive information concerning the number of offenses
occurring in 1946, reference may be made to the 1946 annual issue of
this pubhcation (vol. XVII, No. 2).
Table 17 presents for 1,466 cities having a combined population of
46,365,639 the number of offenses cleared by arrest and the number of
persons charged for each 100 offenses known to the police. The arrest
of 1 person may clear 1 or many cases while the arrest of several
persons might clear only 1 case. This should be borne in mind when
it is noted that the figures for offenses cleared by arrest do not agree
with those representing persons charged. In the more serious crimes
against the person and robbery the number of persons charged
often exceeds the number of offenses cleared. This possibly results
in part at least from intensified effort in the solving of these cases and
the apprehending of all participants in the crimes including accessories.
For negligent manslaughters 115 persons were charged for each 83
offenses cleared in 1946 in cities with population in excess of 250,000.
This ratio is brought about by reason of the fact that in some juris-
dictions all drivers of vehicles involved in traffic fatalities are arrested
and charged even though it is recognized those not grossly negligent
will be released when the police investigation establishes that no
offense occurred.
In contrast to crimes against the person, the number of offenses
against property cleared by arrest generally exceeds the number of
persons charged in these categories. One explanation of this lies in
the proclivity of perpetrators of such crimes to repeat the same or
similar crimes. Incidental to the arrest of an offender for a particular
robbery or other theft, the police often establish the person as responsi-
ble for other previously unsolved similar crimes through careful
investigation aided by an effectively operating record system.
Special questionnaires accompany the annual reports to assist in
determining the quality of the figures presented and no reports are
included in these tabulations unless the law-enforcement agency
indicated that all known offenses in the classifications listed were
included. Similarly, the figures relating to offenses cleared by arrest
were properly distinguished from those pertaining to persons arrested,
according to the police departments represented in the tabulations.
In order to obtain the highest possible degree of uniformity in the
published data each annual return was carefully examined and any
unusual entry made the subject of correspondence in an effort to have
available a correct report. Letters were sent to 671 of the 1,466 cities
used in the following tabulation.
61
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d
d
(2
a
gj
V
^
§
4-'
g
o»
4-»
d
J
'3
(/^
S
i;)f
an
5
<
gj
(0
a>
V
.^
d)
H-i
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52
Table 17. — Offenses known, offenses cleared hy arrest, and persons charged (held for
prosecution) , 1946, by population groups, number per 100 known offenses
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
TOTAL, GROUPS I-VI
1,466 cities; total population, 46,365
639:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP I
29 cities over 250,000; total populs
tion, 18,390,317:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged --
45 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total pop-
ulation, 6,418,183:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP III
84 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total popu
lation, 5,835,638:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
159 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total popu-
lation, 5,499,057:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP V
404 cities 10,000 to 25,000; total popu
lation, 6,138,814:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP VI
745 cities, imder 10,000; total popula
tion, 4,083,630:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
Criminal
homicide
Mur-
der,
Man-
normeg-
slaugh-
ligent
ter by
man-
negli-
slaugh-
gence
ter
100.0
88.5
90.1
100.0
87.3
92.7
100.0
89.5
83.7
100.0
92.9
93.8
100.0
90.2
89.4
100.0
87.7
84.8
100.0
89.1
83.2
100.0
81.8
100.0
82.5
115.1
100.0
80.6
80.6
100.0
79.7
88.2
100.0
77.6
82.0
100.0
92.1
100.0
79.4
82.4
Rape
100.0
74.1
74.0
100.0
70.7
67.9
100.0
71.5
74.9
100.0
83.1
83.1
100.0
81.7
87.3
100.0
78.8
81.3
100.0
77.7
79.7
Rob-
bery
100.0
37.1
36.7
100.0
38.5
34.5
100.0
31.1
31.8
100.0
33.6
39.4
100.0
36.5
44.1
100.0
40.7
50.6
100.0
45.7
52.1
Aggra-
vated
sault
100.0
78.7
76.0
100.0
75.7
65.8
100.0
71.5
71.8
100.0
84.0
86.1
100.0
82.1
95.0
100.0
90.8
94.9
100.0
86.1
91.5
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
100.0
29.1
20.4
100.0
30.8
18.5
100.0
24.2
17.3
100.0
26.8
20.2
100.0
29.2
21.6
100.0
29.8
26.3
100.0
34.3
31.8
Lar-
ceny-
theft
100.0
22.0
17.2
100.0
23.6
18.3
100.0
19.6
16.0
100.0
21.9
16.0
100.0
19.8
14.5
100.0
21.6
18.5
100.0
25.2
19.4
53
54
Persons Charged (Held for Prosecution), 1946
InformatioD relative to persons charged by police in 1946 is con-
tained in table 18. The data are from 1,466 cities having a combined
population of 46,365,639. Although a large number of persons were
charged with comparatively minor violations, the volume of the serious
charges brought is indicated in the following:
Murder 2, 681
Manslaughter . 1, 867
Robbery 10, 571
Aggravated assault 23, 646
Burglary 37, 055
Larceny 74, 688
Auto theft 21, 427
Embezzlement and fraud 8, 563
Stolen property (receiving, etc.). 4, 418
Forgery and counterfeiting 5, 493
Rape 4, 268
Narcotic drug laws 2, 181
Weapons (carrying^ etc.) 17, 831
Offenses against family and
children 26, 952
Driving while intoxicated 61, 260
Figures on persons held for prosecution represent those charged with
a crime as distinguished from those arrested and later released by the
police before any formal procedure toward prosecution has been insti-
tuted. Further information on this distinction in terms is included in
the discussion of Persons Released.
The general observation has often been made that the larger the
city the greater the amount of crime per unit of population and a cor-
respondmg general picture is seen in examining figures for last year as
to persons charged. In the individual classifications there are excep-
tions, of course. Notably, the arrest rates for assault, burglary, lar-
ceny, auto theft, forgery and counterfeiting, liquor law violations, and
drunkenness were greater in some small city groups than in the large
population centers. Arrests for driving while intoxicated were greater
per unit of population in cities having less than 10,000 inhabitants
and decreased as the size of the cities increased.
The basic difi'erence in figures for persons charged and offenses
known should be considered in any study of table 18. For example,
under the uniform crime reporting system, two oft'enses of larceny
committed by one person would be scored as two separate offenses
known to the police. When the responsible person is arrested and
charged by the police for the larcenies, only one person charged would
be shown. Conversely, the burglary of a warehouse by five persons
would be considered as one offense of burglary and upon the appre-
hension and charging of the perpetrators, fiYQ persons charged for the
crime would be indicated.
Either by correspondence or m the questionnaire which accom-
panied the annual returns, 93 percent of the 1,466 cities represented
in the following tabulations indicated their figures on persons charged
reflected the number of persons arrested as distinguis'hed from the
number of charges placed against persons arrested; i. e., if on an oc-
casion of a single arrest a person was charged with burglary and
55
Table 18. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1946, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Offense charged
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegli-
gent manslaughter:
Number of persons
charged 2,681
Rate per 100,000- -._ 5.78
(b) Manslaughter by negli-
gence:
Number of persons
'charged 1,867
RateperlOO,000.--_ 4.03
Robbery:
Number of persons charged _ 10,571
Rate per 100,000
Aggravated assault:
N umber of persons charged. 23, 646
Rate per 100,000 51.0
Other assaults:
Nnmber of persons charged. 85, 195
Rate per 100,000 183.7
Burglary— breaking or enter
ing:
Number of persons charged. 37,055
Rate perlOO,000 79.9
Larceny— theft:
Number of persons charged. 74, 688
Rate per 100,000 161. 1
Autotheft:
Number of persons charged. 21,427
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged. 8, 563
Rate per 100,000 18.5
Stolen property; buying, re-
ceiving, possessing:
Number of persons charged. 4,418
Rate per 100,000 9.5
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged. 5, 493
Rate per 100,000 11.
Rape:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000 9.21
Prostitution and commercial
ized vice:
Number of persons charged. 26, 658
Rate per 100,000 57. 5
Sex offenses (except rape and
prostitution) :
Number of persons charged. 21, 094
Rate per 100,000 45.5
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged. 2, 181
Rate per 100,000 4. 7
Weapons; cacrying, possessing
etc.:
Number of persons charged. 17, 831
Rate per 100,000 38.5
Offenses against family and
children:
Number of persons charged. 26, 952
Rate per 100,000 58.1
Liquor laws:
Is umber of persons charged . | 22, 254
Rate per 100,000 48.0
Driving while intoxicated: !
Number of persons charged. ' 61, 260
Rate per 100,000 1 132.2
See footnotes at end of table.
Total,
1,406
cities;
total pop
ulation,
46,365,639
Group I
29 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
18,390,3171
1,477
8. 03
991
5.39
10, 098
54.9
30, 672
166.8
14. 151
76.9
27, 847
151.4
7,766
42.2
4, 367
23.7
1,915
10.4
1,826
9.9
2,005
10.90
14, 924
81.2
7,433
40.4
1, 309
7.1
8,737
47.5
10, 230
55.6
5,661
30.8
14, 958
81.3
Group II
45 cities,
100,000 to
2.50,000;
popula-
tion,
6,418,183
344
5.36
258
4.02
1,378
21.5
3.076
47.9
17, 079
266.1
5, 345
83.3
11, 797
183.8
3,749
58.4
1,427
22.2
499
864
13.5
652
10.16
5, 314
82.8
5,184
80.8
303
4.7
2,389
37.2
6.139
95.7
4,711
73.4
5,670
88.3
Group III
84 ci( ies,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
5,835,638
302
5.18
209
3.58
1,113
19.1
3,824
65.5
12, 154
208.3
4.969
85.1
9,976
170.9
2,191
37.5
783
13.4
547
9.4
694
11.9
472
8.09
2,787
47. S
2,614
44.8
275
4.7
2,155
36.9
3,171
54.3
3,076
52.7
Group IV
159 cities,
25,000 to
.50,000;
popula-
tion,
5,499,057
210
3.82
187
3.40
795
14.5
2,846
51.8
7, 846
142.7
4.244
77.2
8, 537
155.2
2,471
44.9
870
15.8
.501
9.1
781
14.2
400
7.27
1, 735
31.6
3,025
55.0
120
2.2
1,878
34.2
3,013
54.8
2,817
51.2
9,683
176.1
Group V
404 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
6,138,814
234
3.81
138
2.25
854
13.9
2,548
41.5
11, 898
193.8
4,810
78.4
10, 592
172.5
2,975
48.5
643
10.5
605
9.9
802
13.1
417
6.79
1, 263
20.6
1,825
29.7
113
1.8
1,771
28.8
3,129
5L0
5, 733
60.8
2 11, 709
191.3
56
Table 18. — Persons charged (held for prosecution), 1946, number and rate per
100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
Total,
1,466
cities;
total pop-
ulation,
46,365,639
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Offense charged
29 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion ,
18,390,317
45 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
6,418,183
84 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
5,835,638
159 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
5,499,057
404 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
6,1.38,814
745 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
4,083,630
Traffic and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
37,496,518
16, 980. 6
286. 901
618.8
1,035,359
2, 233.
82, 614
178.2
93, 240
201.1
209, 746
452.4
42,908,764
17, 348. 3
114.284
621.4
365. 045
1, 985.
32. 920
179.0
46. 351
252.0
74. 265
403.8
51,515,917
24, 291. 5
38. 668
602.5
164. 571
2, 564. 1
18, 525
288.6
18, 127
282.4
33. 158
516.6
61,001,788
17, 628. 2
35, 236
603.8
124. 395
2,131.6
11.314
193. 9
12, 142
208.1
35, 007
599.9
7 866, 249
16, 227. 9
31, 489
572.6
130. 221
2, 368. 1
7.345
133.6
6.573
119.5
26, 703
485.6
8 799, 014
13, 198. 5
39, 741
647.4
146, 010
2, 378. 5
6,990
113.9
7.662
124.8
26, 486
431.5
« 404, 786
9, 957.
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged _
Rate per 100,000
27,483
673.0
Drunkenness:
Number of persons charged _
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged _
Rate per 100,000 . - -
105, 117
2,574.1
5,520
135.2
Gambling:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000 . . .
2,385
58.4
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
14, 127
345.9
Footnotes 1-9: The number of persons charged and the rate are based on the reports from the number of
cities indicated below:
Footnotes
Cities
Population
1 ..
1,465
403
1,449
28
44
82
155
398
742
46, 348, 753
2 -
6.121,928
3
44,147,439
4 . ...
16.766,865
5
6, 240, 521
6 . -- - -. . -- --
5, 682, 872
7 ..
5, 338, 036
8 :^:^::: :::::::::::: ::::.::
6, 053, 802
9 .... . .
4, 065, 343
larceny, the person was shown as only one person arrested, the entry
being made opposite burglary.
It was also determined that all or some of the juveniles arrested
were included in 89 percent of the reports; all juveniles were said to be
included in 84 percent of the returns. Of the departments including
juvenile arrests 98 percent properly included them opposite the classi-
fication embracing the violations involved (i. e., robbery, auto theft,
etc.) regardless of the technical charge such as '^juvenile delinquency"
placed against the juvenile at the time of his arrest and the remaining
2 percent of the reports included juvenile arrests opposite "all other
offenses."
Table 19 shows detailed figures concerning persons charged with (1)
violations of road and driving laws, (2) parking violations, and (3)
other traffic and motor vehicle laws, except driving while intoxicated.
The figures are from 1,321 cities. In the preceding tabulation these
classifications were consolidated because separate figures were not
57
available for all of the cities included. Persons charged with speed-
ing, reckless driving and other such ''moving violations" are listed in
the violation of road and driving laws classification. Persons charged
with other violations not involving the improper handling of an
automobile, including such violations as improper license, lack of title
and failure to report accidents are represented in the other violations
of traffic and motor vehicle laws classification.
Table 19. — Persons charged (held for 'prosecution), traffic violations, except driving
ivhile intoxicated, 194^; number and rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population
groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Total,
1,321
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
cities;
27 cities
36 cities.
73 cities.
143 cities.
371 cities,
6'71 cities
Offense chai-ged
total
over
100,000 to
50,000 to
25,000 to
10,000 to
under
•
popula-
250,000;
250,000;
100,000;
50,000;
25,000;
10,000;
tion,
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
popula-
40,663,596
tion,
tion,
tion,
tion.
tion.
tion,
16,337,105
4,870,600
5,107,794
4,957,721
5,695,822
3,694,554
Road and di'iving laws:
Number of persons charged
1, 572, 686
892, 703
175.174
149, 103
127. 866
133, 060
94, 780
Rate per 100,000
3, 867. 6
5, 464. 3
3, 596. 6
2,919.1
2, 579. 1
2, 336. 1
2, 565. 4
Parking violations:
Number of persons charged.
4. 934, 680
1, 782. 643
1.024.276
729, 430
582, 543
572,834
242, 954
Rate per 100,000
12, 135. 4
10,911. 6
21,029.8
14, 280. 7
11,750. 2
10, 057. 1
6, 576.
Other traffic and motor vehicle
laws:
Number of persons charged.
334, 334
160, 058
31, 045
43, 623
34,891
38. 213
26, 504
Rate per 100,000
822.2
979.7
637.4
854.0
703. 8
670.9
717.4
Offenses Known, Cleared by Arrest, and Persons Charged and Found
Guilty, 1946
The relationship between various types of police statistics can be
observed in table 20. For each 1,000 crimes against the person in
1946, the police cleared 749 by the arrest of 636 persons of whom 390
were found guilty. For each 1,000 property offenses, 245 were
cleared; 157 persons were charged; and 123 persons found guilty.
Similar data for the total of all major crimes as a group are as follows:
1,000 offenses; 272 cleared by arrest; 183 persons charged; and 138
found guilty.
In individual crime classes, the number of persons found guilty in
relation to each 1,000 offenses committed extends from 113 for larceny
to 500 for murder.
Tables 20 and 21 indicate that almost 83 percent of all persons
charged by the police were found guilty, either of the offense charged
or of a lesser offense.
In comparing 1946 with 1945, the percentage of persons found guilty
increased in the majority of the classifications. Decreases were
moderate except for persons found guilty of murder, rape and narcotic
drug law violations. Increases were slight except for persons found
guilty of negligent manslaughter, burglary, embezzlement and fraud,
receivmg stolen property, and sex offenses.
58
PERSONS CHARGED
AND
PERCENT FOUND GUILTY
Calendar Year 1946
CRIMES AGAINST PERSON
8,549
FBI
GHAUT
173 CITIES WITH OVER 25,000 INHABITANTS
TOTAL POPULATION 18,282,145
Figure 7.
59
Among the various charges the percentage of persons found guilty
of driving while intoxicated was highest, 88.5 percent, while the lowest
figure for percent found guilty was 43.1 for manslaughter hy negligence.
Tables 20 and 21 are based on the reports of 173 cities having a
population above 25,000 with a combined population of 18,282,145.
Part I and Part II classes of offenses are separated since there is no
provision for collecting information relative to offenses known for the
latter type crimes. Certain classifications were combined in these
tabulations because separate figures were not provided in some of the
reports used.
Table 20. — Offenses known, offenses cleared hy arrest, and number of persons found
guilty, 1946; 173 cities over 25,000 in population
[Total population, 18,282,145, based on 1940 deceimial census]
•
Offense (part I classes)
Number
of
offenses
known
to the
police
Number
of
offenses
cleared
by
arrest
Number
of persons
charged
(held for
prosecu-
tion)
Number
found
guilty of
offense
charged
Number
found
guilty of
lesser
offense
Total
found
guilty
(of offense
charged
or lesser
offense)
Per-
centage
found
guilty
Total
342, 704
93,361
62, 777
40, 347
6,871
47, 218
75 2
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and normegli-
gent manslaughter
(b) Manslaughter by neg-
ligence,-
Rape.--
1,119
821
2,876
15,610
13, 859
78,242
189, 099
41,078
972
656
1,979
5,671
10, 372
22, 884
39, 781
11,046
957
652
1,720
4,411
8,549
11, 924
26, 955
7,609
433
196
719
2,536
3,951
7,859
19, 866
4,787
127
85
266
791
1,502
1,742
1,485
873
560
281
985
3,327
5,453
9,601
21,351
5,660
58.5
43.1
57 3
Robbery
Asgravated assault-
75.4
63 8
Burglary— breaking or entering- -
Larceny— theft (except auto
theft) .
80.5
79 2
Autotheft-
74.4
Table 21. — Number of persons charged {held for prosecution) and number found
guilty, 1946; 173 cities over 25,000 in population
[Total population, 18,282,145, based on 1940 decennial census]
Offense (part II classes)
Number of
persons
charged
(held for
prosecu-
tion)
Number
found
guilty of
offense
charged
Number
found
guilty of
lesser
offense
Total found
guilty (of
offense
charged
or of lesser
offense)
Percent-
age found
guilty
Total
1 3, 579, 408
1 2, 954, 656
115,033
I 2, 969, 689
183.0
other assaults. .
33, 609
1,809
4,214
1,894
6,978
20, 304
14, 285
1,037
9,670
2 465, 472
34, 772
19. 601
3 2, 905, 614
60, 149
19, 245
1,213
2,375
1,042
5,279
15. 200
7,829
686
8,040
2 376. 144
27, 327
15, 585
3 2, 433, 449
41, 242
655
162
296
70
223
512
273
23
125
2 1, 707
168
1,759
3 8, 029
19, 900
1,375
2,671
.1,112
5,502
15, 712
8,102
709
8,165
2 377, 851
27, 495
17, 344
3 2, 441, 478
59.2
Forgery and counterfeiting
76.0
Embezzlement and fraud- ..- , -
63.4
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
58.7
Weapons; carryinp', possessing etc
78.8
Sex offenses (including prostitution and com-
mercialized vice)
77.4
Offenses a^iainst the family and children
Narcotic drug laws.- -. ..
56.7
68.4
Liquor laws
84.4
Drunkenness; disorderly conduct and vagrancy-
Gambling .
Driving while intoxicated
2 81.2
79.1
88.5
Traffic and motor vehicle laws -. . -- --
3 84.0
All other offenses .. ---
1,031 42,273 1 70.3
1
1 The total figures are subject to footnotes 2 and 3.
2 Based on the reports of 172 cities, total population, 18,249,813.
3 Based on the reports of 168 cities, total population, 16,281, 620.
60
PERSONS CHARGED
AND
PERCENT FOUND GUILTY
Calendar Year 1946
CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY
ROBBERY
FBI
CHART
173 CITIES WITH OVER 25,000 INHABITANTS
TOTAL POPULATION 18,282,145
Figure 8.
61
Persons Released Without Being Held for Prosecution, 1946
The number of persons arrested by the pohce who are released
without a formal charge having been filed against them are repre-
sented in the annual reports. Thus, the number of persons released
and the number of persons charged reflect the total arrest activity
of the police department based on violations occurring in the reporting
jurisdiction. To eliminate duplication a police department does not
mclude arrests for other authorities since those police agencies would
properly include such arrests in their reports.
The figures on persons released include persons arrested for a viola-
tion and then released with a reprimand or on the ''golden rule"
principle as well as youthful offenders where the circumstances
mdicated prosecution would not be the most appropriate handling.
The data also represent persons arrested for the suspected commission
of some crime but who were later released when the police invest^iga-
tion exonerated them or the available evidence did not justify the
filing of formal charges.
Persons summoned, notified, or cited to appear in court or at the
police department for alleged traffic violations who failed to appear
and who were not subsequently arrested are included.
Table 22 is based on the reports of 852 cities with a combined
population of almost 25 million. Keports reflecting no entries for
persons released or apparently incomplete or incorrect figures were
excluded. Accordingly, the number of cities represented in table 22
is smaller than those shown in table 18 showing persons charged.
Only 570 of the 852 cities represented in table 22 hsted separate
figures for road and driving laws, parking violations, and other traffic
and motor vehicle laws. Accordingly, these classifications were com-
bined m table 22 but the itemized data are presented in table 23.
Figures for persons released are shown in tables 22 and 23 for cities
grouped by size, together with the rate per 100,000 inhabitants.
62
Table 22. — Persons released witliout being held for prosecution, 1946; number and
rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decermial census]
Offense charged
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegli-
gent manslaughter:
Number of persons
released
Rate per 100,000
(b) Manslaughter by negli-
gence:
Number of persons
released ....
Rate per 100,000-.-.
Robbery:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Other assaults:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Burglary— breaking or enter-
ing:
Number of personsreleased.
Rate per 100,000.
Larceny— theft:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Autotheft:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons released^
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, receiv-
ing, possessing:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000 ^
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of personsreleased.
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercial-
ized vice:
Number of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and
prostitution):
Num ber of person s released .
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc.:
Number of persons released-
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and
children:
N umber of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number of persons releaf:ed.
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Total,
852 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
24,952,558
Group I
414
265
1.06
7.9
7.4
21.3
4,911
19.7
10, 349
41.5
2,747
11.0
732
2.9
563
2.3
600
2.4
603
2.42
6,871
27.5
1,291
5.2
171
.7
,179
4.7
5.1
826
3.3
3.6
18 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
8,928,521
157
1.76
99
1.11
978
11.0
1.021
11.4
2,714
30.4
1,494
16.7
3,636
40.7
998
11.2
277
3.1
149
1.7
138
1.5
289
3.24
400
■1.7
328
3.7
82
541
6.1
132
1.5
342
135
1.5
Group II
21 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
2.835,253
59
2.08
351
12.4
240
8.5
455
16.0
675
23.8
952
33.6
478
16.9
49
1.7
2.2
104
3.67
165
5.8
365
12.9
162
5.7
169
6.0
51
1.8
49
1.7
Group III
50 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
3.457,749
87
2.52
45
1.30
176
5.1
128
3.7
517
15.0
16.5
1,138
32.9
Group IV
221
6.4
57
70
2.0
63
36
1.04
49
1.4
129
3.7
10
97
91
2.6
49
1.4
140
4.0
108 cities
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
3,717,990
13
0.35
190
5.1
194
5.2
379
10.2
575
15.5
1,193
32.1
Group V
243 cities
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
3,686,195
90
2.44
39
1.06
167
4.5
162
4.4
786
21.3
902
24.5
266
7.2
380
10.3
116
3.1
107
2.9
97
2.6
104
2.8
65
1.7
176
4.8
54
1.45
72
1.95
27
.7
144
3.9
194
5.2
167
4.5
2
.1
15
.4
99
2.7
176
4.8
246
6.6
271
7.4
117
3.1
143
3.9
142
3.8
274
7.4
63
Table 22. — Persons released withmd being held for prosecution, 1946; nurnher and
rate per 100,000 inhabitants, by population groups — Continued
Offense charged
TraflBc and motor vehicle laws:
Number of persons released _
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons
Rate per 100,000...
Suspicion:
Number of persons
Rate per 100,000
All other ofTenses:
N umber of persons released
Rate per 100,000
Total,
852 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
24,952.558
1 442. 718
1,927.8
11,325
45.4
77, 872
312.1
33.3
1.3
93, 263
373.8
27, 243
Group I
18 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
8,928,521
2 95. 255
1, 304.
3. 731
41.8
40, 441
452. 9
2,142
24.0
5,310
59.5
48, 683
545.3
11, 555
129.4
Group II
21 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
2,835,2.53
3 47. 372
1, 799. 9
589
20.8
12, 876
454. 1
1,120
39.5
33
1.2
8,924
314.8
1,840
64.9
Group III
50 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
3,457,749
4 87. 217
2, 574. 6
1,165
33.7
5.196
150. 3
425
12.3
182
5.3
12, 248
354.2
2,495
72.2
Group IV
108 cities,
25,000 to
60,000;
popula-
tion,
3,717,990
5 61. 770
1. 683. 9
34.9
6.028
162.1
2,292
61.6
212
5.7
8,852
238.1
Group V
243 cities,
10,000 to
2,5,000;
popula-
tion,
3,686,195
6 93. 751
2. 569. 5
2.430
65.9
6.455
175. 1
1,079
29.3
244
9,413
255.4
3,655
99.2
Group VI
412 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
2,326,850
^ 57, 353
2, 468. 5
2,114
90.9
295.5
1,241
53.3
87
3.7
5.143
221.0
4,010
172.3
Footnotes 1-7: The number of persons released and the rate are based on the reports from the number of
cities indicated below:
Footnote
Cities
Population
1
2
844
17
20
49
107
240
411
22, 964, 730
7, 305, 069
3
2 631 912
4
3, 387, 565
5 . .
3, 668, 204
6
3 648 550
7
2, 323, 430
Table 23. — Persons released without being held for prosecution, traffic violations,
except driving while intoxicated, 1946; number and rate per 100,000 inhabitants,
by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Total,
570 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
14, 995, 306
Group I
Group II
Group III
Greup IV
Group V
Group VI
Offense charged
12 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
4,816,428
10 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
1,306,644
35 cities,
50,000 to
100.000;
popula-
tion,
2,453,086
65 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
2,249,472
173 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
2,617,399
275 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
1,552,277
Road and driving laws:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000.
33, 218
221.5
357, 919
2, 386. 9
24, 224
161.5
14, 490
300.8
70, 196
. 1,457.4
10, 569
219.4
1,263
96.7
27,044
2, 069. 7
1,133
86.7
4.849
197.7
79, 222
3, 229. 5
3,146
128.2
1,963
87.3
52, 230
2, 321. 9
3,303
146.8
4.846
185.1
80, 781
3, 086. 3
3.164
120.9
5,807
374.1
Parking violations:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
48, 446
3,121.0
Other traffic and motor vehicle
laws:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
2,909
187.4
64
Offenses Known, Cleared by Arrest, and Persons Charged, by Geographic
Divisions, 1946
Since a variance in the amount of crime per unit of population is
observed in cities of different sizes and between different sections of
the country, corresponding variations are to be expected in the arrest
data from cities in the several geographic divisions. Offenses cleared
and persons charged information by population groups appears in
tables 17 and 18. The identical 1,466 cities are again represented in
tables 24 and 25 grouped by geographic divisions. On the basis of
such average figures, local figures can be examined in light of the
experience of other cities in the same section of the country.
A comparison of local figures relating to offenses known and per-
sons charged is particularly relevant when the averages are localized
in a particular geographic area.
Caution should be exercised in comparisons, however. The charge
placed against an offender in a particular community may not follow
a theoretically logical course. Local custom growing out of public
opinion and established policies of the prosecuting attorneys, judges
and other officials may cause the police, of necessity, to adhere to a
given course in bringing charges for certain violations. 'For example,
a person arrested for auto theft may be charged in a particular juris-
diction with using an automobile without the consent of the owner,
while persons arrested for drunkenness may be charged with dis-
orderly conduct.
A similar situation exists in the figures concerning prostitution and
commercialized vice. Persons arrested for such violations in some
jurisdictions may be charged with disorderly conduct, vagrancy, or
sex offenses such as lewd and lascivious conduct, fornication, or
adultery. For the indicated reasons, the prostitution and commer-
cialized vice figures are conservative, since persons charged are listed
opposite the oft'ense class embracing the charge actually filed against
the offender.
65
Table 24. — Nuviher of offenses known, number and percentage of offenses cleared by
arrest, 1946, by geographic divisions
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminiil hom-
icide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Geographic division
Mur-
der,
nomieg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
TOTAL, ALL DIVISIONS
1,466 cities; total population,
46,365,639:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
2,974
2,833
88.5
1,900
1,555
81.8
5,767
4,275
74.1
28, 787
10,691
37.1
31,119
24, 491
78.7
181,283
52, 672
29 1
434, 948
95, 739
22.0
104, 098
29,929
28.8
New England States
143 cities; tot'al population, 5,042,035:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared, by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
75
71
94.7
150
129
86.0
389
356
91.5
1,081
470
43.5
716
623
87.0
14,874
5,011
33.7
29, 842
8,140
27.3
8, 650
4,168
48.2
Middle Atlantic States
364 cities; total population, 9,471,782:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
319
283
88.7
335
311
92.8
693
595
85.9
2,871
1,057
36.8
3,256
2,610
80.2
23,496
7,251
30.9
41,889
10,512
25.1
14,655
5,060
34.5
East North Central States
368 cities; total population, 14,748,652:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
771
633
82.1
442
318
71.9
2,162
1,437
66.5
11,269
4,399
39.0
8,545
6,037
70.6
53, 586
16, 592
31.0
133, 302
28, 261
21.2
26, 106
7,353
28.2
West North Central States
163 cities; total population, 4,527.232:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
221
212
95.9
164
131
79.9
517
399
77.2
1,881
841
44.7
2,327
1,743
74.9
13,375
3,872
28.9
38, 019
8,950
23.5
8,624
2,220
26.0
South Atlantic States
118 cities; total population, 3,776,476:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
657
614
93.5
190
164
86.3
587
508
86.5
2,834
1,287
45.4
8,398
7,199
85.7
17, 641
5,469
31.0
42, 439
12,418
29.3
11,791
2,573
21.8
East South Central States
32 cities; total population, 1,132,362:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
182
158
86.8
81
73
90.1
123
96
78.0
1,144
382
33.4
1,801
1,446
80.3
6,633
1,604
24.2
10, 704
2,662
24.9
3,308
854
25.8
West South Central States
68 cities; total population, 3,058,692:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
509
453
89.0
193
156
80.8
381
311
81.6
2,161
925
42.8
3,323
2,935
88.3
19, 056
5,432
28.5
45, 577
10, 466
23.0
9,306
2,717
29.2
Mountain States
57 cities; total population, 1,061,632:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
63
56
88.9
46
39
84.8
207
128
61.8
918
324
35.3
542
423
78.0
6,822
1,933
28.3
20, 053
4,047
20.2
3,535
1.279
36.2
Pacific States
153 cities; total population, 3,546,776:
Number of offenses known
Number cleared by arrest
Percentage cleared by arrest
177
153
86.4
299
234
78.3
708
445
62.9
4,628
1,006
21.7
2,211
1.475
66.7
25, 800
5,508
21.3
73, 123
10, 283
14.1
18, 217
3,705
20.3
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DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
Source of Data
Tke FBI examined 371,228 arrest records, as evidenced by finger-
print cards, during the first 6 months of 1947, in order to obtain
data concerning the age, sex, race, and previous criminal history of
persons represented. The compilation has been limited to instances
of arrests for violations of State laws and municipal ordinances. In
other words, fingerprint cards representing arrests for violations of
Federal laws or representing commitments to any type of penal insti-
tution have been excluded from this tabulation.
The number of fingerprint records examined exceeded the 309,302
handled for the first 6 months of 1946 by 20.0 percent. The tabula-
tion of data from fingerprint cards obviously does not include all per-
sons arrested, since there are individuals taken into custody for whom
no fingerprint cards are forwarded to Washington. Furthermore, data
pertaining to persons arrested should not be treated as information
regarding the number of offenses committed, since two or more persons
may be involved in the joint commission of a single offense, and on
the other hand one person may be arrested and charged with the
commission of several separate crimes.
Offense Charged
More than 41 percent (155,206) of the records examined during the
first 6 months of 1947 represented arrests for major violations. Per-
sons charged with murder, robbery, assault, burglary, larceny, and
auto theft numbered 107,572, constituting 29.0 percent of the total
arrest records examined.
Sex
Marked increases were noted in both male and female arrests during
the first 6 months of 1947 as compared with the same period of 1946.
Arrests of males increased from 276,621 to 333,403, or 20.5 percent,
while female arrest prints showed an increase of 15.7 percent (from
32,681 to 37,825).
Most of the increases among males were for those age 18 and over
with the heaviest increases in the group from age 18 through age 24.
The majority of the increases in female arrests were for the age groups
over 21 with the group over 25 showing the most pronounced rise.
Age
As in the past, youthful offenders were heavily represented in the
fingerprint records examined. Persons under 21 years of age arrested
during the first half of 1947 numbered 62,904, or 16.9 percent of the
total arrests. In addition, there were 65,819 (17.7 percent) between
(68)
69
Table 26. — Distribution of arrests by sex, January-June 1947
Offense charged
Total
Criminal homicide
Robbery -.
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Autotheft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice..
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children...
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws...
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion.
Not stated
All other offenses
Number
Total
371,228
3,345
11,572
28, 284
20, 936
33, 659
9,776
8,747
1,797
517
4,336
4,785
5,228
8,622
1,561
6,577
6,588
3.687
19, 314
3,634
48
3,691
24. 885
86, 258
21, 389
8.184
24, 051
3,533
Male
333, 403
2,961
11,105
25, 804
20, 373
29, 529
9,557
7,857
1,626
462
3,789
4.785
2,147
6,851
1,411
6,292
6,191
3,083
18,571
3,567
48
3,503
21,613
78, 454
17.544
7,593
21,584
3,117
13,986
Female
37, 825
384
467
2,480
563
4,130
219
890
171
55
547
3, 081
1,771
150
285
397
604
743
67
3.272
7.804
3,845
591
2,467
416
2,338
Percent
Total
100.0
.9
8.1
7.6
5.6
9.0
2.6
2.4
.5
,1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.3
.4
1.8
1.8
1.0
6.2
1.0
0)
1.0
6.7
23.2
5.8
2.2
6.5
1.0
4.4
Male
100.0
3.3
7.7
6.1
8.8
2.9
2.4
.5
.1
1.1
1.4
.6
2.1
.4
1.9
1.9
.9
5.6
1.1
(1)
1.1
6.5
23.5
5.3
2.3
6.5
.9
4.2
Female
100.0
1.0
1.2
6.6
1.5
10.9
.6
2.4
.5
.1
1.4
8.1
4.7
.4
.8
1.0
1.6
2.0
.2
.2
8.7
20.6
10.1
1.6
6.5
1.1
Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
the ages of 21 and 24, making a total of 128,723 (34.7 percent) less
than 25 years old. Arrests of persons 25 to 29 years old numbered
59,720 (16.1 percent). The resultant total is 188,443 (50.8 percent)
less than 30 years of age. It should be remembered that the number
of arrest records is doubtless incomplete in the lower age groups
because of the practice of some jurisdictions not to fingerprint youthful
offenders.
During the first half of 1947 there were 91,340 persons of all ages
arrested for robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement,
fraud, forgery, counterfeiting, receiving stolen property, and arson;
and 27,550 (30.2 percent) of those persons were less than 21 years old.
The extent of the participation of youths in the commission of crimes
against property is further indicated by the following figures : During
the first half of 1947, 34.7 percent of all persons arrested were less than
25 years of age; however, persons less than 25 years old numbered 56.1
percent of those charged with robbery, 61.0 percent of those charged
with burglary, 46.0 percent of those charged with larceny, and 74.1
percent of those charged with auto theft. More than one-half (50.9
percent) of all crimes against property during the fii'st half of 1947 were
committed by persons under 25 years of age.
Age 21 predominated among the male arrests followed by ages 22
and 23, and age 22 among the females with ages 23 and 21 next.
70
C30 I
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71
Table 28. — Number and percentage of arrests of persons under
January-June 1947
25 years of age,
Offen?e charged
Total-
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary — breaking or entering.
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiv-
ing, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercial-
ized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc
Offenses against family and
children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle
laws
D isorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
Total
number
of persons
arrested
371.
3,345
11. 572
28. 284
20. 936
33, 659
9,776
8,747
1,797
517
4,336
4,785
5,228
8,622
1,561
6,577
6.588
3.687
19, 314
3.634
48
3,591
24, 885
86, 258
21. 389
8,184
24. 051
3,533
16, 324
Number
under 18
years of
age
19,261
119
845
670
4.053
3.328
1,947
72
45
206
80
218
21
410
32
39
102
116
1
124
734
509
957
64
1,966
129
1,990
Number
under 21
years of
age
62, 904
415
3. 339
3. 380
8.528
8. 952
4,787
760
326
106
752
1, 349
.551
1, 123
267
326
384
1, 101
705
3,803
4,918
3,899
376
5,742
572
4,371
Total
number
under 25
years of
age
3,723
1,015
6.494
8, 615
12. 769
15. 481
7. 242
2, 120
595
195
1.610
2.422
1.861
2. 805
575
2,797
1,278
907
3. 9.55
1,621
19
1, 539
9, 093
15, 060
7,797
1,199
10. 939
1.193
7.527
Percent-
age under
18 years
of age
5.2
3.6
7.3
2.4
19.4
9.9
19.9
1.7
4.0
8.7
4.8
7.1
1.5
2.5
1.3
6.2
.5
1.1
.5
3.2
2.1
3.5
2.9
.6
4.5
.8
8.2
3.7
12.2
Percent-
age under
21 years
of age
16.9
12.4
28.9
12.0
40.7
26.6
49.0
8.7
18.1
20.5
17.3
28.2
10.5
13.0
17.1
20.9
10.4
5.7
19.1
10.4
19.6
15.3
5.7
18.2
4.6
23.9
16.2
26.8
Total
percent-
age under
25 years
of age
34.7
30.3
56.1
30.5
61.0
46.0
74.1
24.2
33.1
37.7
37.1
50.6
35.6
32.5
36.8
42.5
19.4
24.6
20.5
44.6
39.6
42.9
36.5
17.5
36.5
14.7
45.5
33.8
46.1
Criminal Repeaters
Of the 371,228 arrest records examined, 202,678 (54.6 percent)
represented persons who ah'eady had fingerprmt cards on file in the
Identification Division of the FBI. For males the percentage
having prior records was 55.9 and for females the percentage was 42.8.
These figures pertain to fingerprint arrest records and in no way
relate to the civil identification files of the FBI.
For males and females combined, the percentage with a prior
fingerprint record was 17.3 at age 15, and 40.2 at age 20. For males,
the percentage was 17.7 at age 15 and 40.7 at age 20, wdiile for females,
the percentage with prior fingerprint records was 13.2 at age 15 and
36.7 at age 20.
Race
Most of the persons represented in this study were members of the
white and Negro races. Including Mexicans, who numbered 9,749,
members of the white race represented 271,738 of the 371,228 arrest
records received, while 94,853 were Negroes, 2,800 were Indians,
194 Chinese, 93 Japanese, and 1,550 were representatives of other
races.
OFFENSE CLASSIFICATIONS
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in part I and
part II offenses, there follows a brief definition of each classification:
Part I Offenses
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter includes all
wilful felonious homicides as distinguished from deaths caused by negligence.
Does not include attempts to kill, assaults to kill, suicides, accidental deaths, or
justifiable homicides. Justifiable homicides excluded from this classification are
limited to the following types of cases: (1) The killing of a felon by a peace officer
in line of (iuty; (2) the killing of a hold-up man by a private citizen. (6) Man-
slaughter by negligence includes any death which the police investigation estab-
lishes was primarily attributable to gross negligence on the part of some individual
other than the victim.
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape (no force used — victim under
age of consent), assault to rape, and attempted rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as strong-arm robbery, stick-ups,
robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assaidt. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by the use of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering.- — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe-
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or a theft, even though no force
was used to gain entrance. Includes attempts. Burglary followed by larceny
is included in this classification and not counted again as larceny.
6. Larceny — theft (except auto theft) .^ — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value;
(6) under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, thefts of bicycles, automobile accessories,
shoplifting, pocket-picking, or any stealmg of property or article of value which
is not taken by force and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement,
"con" games, forgery, worthless checks, etc.
7. Aido theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven away
and abandoned, including the so-called joy-riding thefts. Does not include taking
for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unauthorized use by
those having lawful access to the vehicle.
Part II Offenses
8. Other assaults. — Includes all assaults and attempted assaults which are not
of an aggravated nature and which do not belong in class 4.
9. Forgery and counterfeiting. — Includes offenses dealing with the making,
altering, uttering, or possessing, with intent to defraud, anything false which is
made to appear true. Includes attempts.
10. Embezzlement and fraud. — Includes all offenses of fraudulent conversion,
embezzlement, and obtaining money or property by false pretenses.
11. Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing. — Includes buying, receiving,
and possessing stolen property as well as attempts to commit any of those offenses .
(73)
74
12. Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc.- — Includes all violations of regulations
or statutes controlling the carrying, using, possessing, furnishing, and manufac-
turing of deadly weapons or silencers and all attempts to violate such statutes
or regulations.
13.- Prostitution and commercialized vice. — Includes sex offenses of a commer-
cialized nature, or attempts to commit the same, such as prostitution, keeping
bawdy house, procuring, transporting, or detaining women for immoral purposes.
14. Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution and commercialized vice). — In-
cludes offenses against chastity, common decency, morals, and the like. Includes
attempts.
15. Offenses against the faintly and children. — Includes offenses of nonsupport,
neglect, desertion, or abuse of family and children.
16. Narcotic drug laws.- — Includes offenses relating to narcotic drugs, such as
unlawful possession, sale, or use. Excludes Federal offenses.
17. Liquor laws.- — With the exception of "drunkenness" (class 18) and "driving
while intoxicated" (class 22), liquor law violations. State or local, are placed in
this class. Excludes Federal violations.
18. Drunkenness: — Includes all offenses of drunkenness or intoxication.
19. Disorderly conduct. — Includes all charges of committing a breach of the
peace.
20. Vagrancy. — Includes such offenses as vagabondage, begging, loitering, etc.
21. Gambling. — Includes offenses of promoting, permitting, or engaging in
gambling.
22. Driving while intoxicated. — Includes driving or operating any motor vehicle
while drunk or under the influence of liquor or narcotics.
23. Violation of road and driving laws. — Includes violations of regulations with
respect to the proper handling of a motor vehicle to prevent accidents.
24. Parking violations. — Includes violations of parking ordinances.
25. Other violations of traffic and motor vehicle laws. — Includes violations of
State laws and municipal ordinances with regard to traffic and motor vehicles
not otherwise provided for in classes 22-24.
26. All other offenses.- — Includes all violations of State or local laws for which
no provision has been made above in classes 1-25.
27. Suspicion: — This classification includes all persons arrested as suspicious
characters, but not in connection with any specific offense, who are released with-
out fonnal charges being placed against them.
o
^
ft-
^dS'B' S7
UNIFORM
CRIME
REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
ISSUED BY THE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
WASHINGTON, D. C
Volume XVIII
ANNUAL BULLETIN
Number 2
1947
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
AND ITS POSSESSIONS
Volume XVIIl— Number 2
ANNUAL BULLETIN, 1947
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C,
ADVISORY
International Association of Chiefs of Police
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON i 1948
U. S. SUPERINTENDENT OF DUCUMCNtt
APR 1 1948
Contents
Page
Summary of volume XVIII, No. 2 . 75-76
Classification of offenses 76-77
Extent of reporting area ^ 77
Monthly reports:
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to population
(table 29) 78-79
Annual trends, offenses known to the police (tables 30-31) 80-88
Monthly variations, offenses known to the poHce (table 32) 89-91
Offenses known to the police — cities divided according to location
(tables 33-35) 92-95
Offenses in individual cities over 25,000 in population (table 36) 96-103
Data from supplementary offense reports (tables 37-39) 103-105
Rural crime rates (table 40) 106
Rural crime trends (table 41) _ 107-108
Offenses known in Territories and possessions (table 42) 109
Estimated number of major crimes (table 43) 110-112
Data compiled from fingerprint cards, 1947:
Sex distribution of persons arrested (table 44) 113-115
Age distribution of persons arrested (tables 45-46) 116-119
Percentage with previous fingerprint records (table 47) 119-121
Race distribution of persons arrested (table 48) 121-122
Definition of part I and part II offense classifications 123-124
Index to volume XVIII 125-126
(II)
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department of
Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume XVIII January 1948 Number 2
SUMMARY
Annual Crime Trends
Compared with prewar figures, urban crime in 1947 was still high
with rape and aggravated assault 48.3 percent and 59.5 percent over
the average for 1938-41. Nineteen forty-seven urban crime exceeded
prewar average figures in other categories as follows: Murder, 15.4
percent; burglary, 15.3 percent; robbery, 14.6 percent; larceny, 2.6
percent; negligent manslaughter, 2.1 percent; and auto theft, 1.9
percent.
Compared with 1946, urban crime increased in only two categories,
rape (+2.9 percent) and aggravated assault (+3.3 percent). The
decreases from the 1946 figures were larceny, 2.3 percent; burglary,
3.7 percent; robbery, 5.5 percent; murder, 5.9 percent; negligent
manslaughter, 8.9 percent; and auto theft, 20.7 percent.
In the rural areas increases were registered in 1947 over 1946 in
each offense class except criminal homicide and auto theft. Kapes
increased 15.7 percent; burglaries, 13.7 percent; larcenies, 10.6 per-
cent; aggravated assaults, 10.9 percent; and robberies, 1.9 percent.
Murders decreased 3.7 percent and negligent manslaughters, 0.9
percent. Auto thefts were off 15.1 percent.
The figures for crime as a total show a 7.1 percent increase in the
rural areas and a 5.1 percent decrease in the cities, while for the Na-
tion as a whole it is estimated that the grand total for 1946 remained
substantially unchanged in 1947.
Crime Rates, 1947
Cities with over 100,000 inhabitants reported more crime per unit
of population than the smaller communities in 1947. Exceptions to
this general rule were noted in the aggravated assault and larceny
classifications, since cities with population from 50,000 to 100,000
reported more aggravated assaults per hundred thousand inhabitants
than the larger communities and a higher larceny rate than cities
with population in excess of 250,000.
Value of Property Stolen and Recovered, 1947
Over 60 percent of stolen property was recovered by the police in
1947. The figure for stolen automobiles based on values was 92.6
(75)
76
percent and for other types of property as follows: Clothing, 24.7
percent; jewelry, 21.3 percent; money, 14.7 percent; furs, 9.2 percent;
and miscellaneous property, 31.9 percent.
Estimated Number of Major Crimes
.An estimated total of 1,665,110 serious crimes were committed in
the United States in 1947, or one every 18.9 seconds. With the pass-
ing of each hour on the average 12 persons were raped, feloniously
assaulted, or killed, and during the same period 49 others were robbed
or had their places burglarized while the cars of 21 others were stolen.
In addition, there were 108 miscellaneous larcenies committed each
average hour.
Monthly Variations in Crime
The seasonal fluctuation in crimes for 1947 was similar to that
reported in prior years. Robberies, burglaries, and auto thefts were
least frequent during the warm summer months and most prevalent
during the colder seasons when the nights were longer. Robberies
and burglaries both showed highest frequency in January. Auto
thefts and larcenies were most frequent in April and October, respec-
tively. Murders, rapes, and aggravated assaults were least frequent
in February and rose to peaks during the summer months as follows:
Murders in July, aggravated assaults in August, and rapes in Sep-
tember. Negligent manslaughters followed the general trend of
traffic fatalities, being least frequent in the summer and highest
during the winter months.
Persons Arrested, 1947
During 1947, fingerprint arrest records received at the FBI
totaled 734,041, the largest number since the tabulation of such data
first began in 1932. Age 21 predominated among the single-age
groups. Arrests of males under 21 increased 10.5 percent over the
figures for 1946 and arrests of girls under 21 declined 6.6 percent. Of
the total arrest records received, 55.4 percent represented persons
who already had fingerprint arrest records on file at the FBI.
CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES
The term * 'offenses known to the police" is designed to include those
crimes designated as part I classes of the uniform classification occur-
ring within the police jurisdiction, whether they become known to the
police through reports of police officers, of citizens, of prosecuting or
court officials, or otherwise. They are confined to the following group
of seven classes of grave offenses, shown by experience to be those most
generally and completely reported to the police: Criminal homicide,
including (a) murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, and (6) manslaugh-
ter by negligence ; rape ; robbery ; aggravated assault ; burglary — break-
ing or entering ; larceny — theft ; and auto theft. The figures contained
77
herein include also the number of attempted crimes of the designated
classes. In other words, an attempted burglary or robbery, for ex-
ample, is reported in the bulletin in the same manner as if the crime
had been completed. Attempted murders, however, are reported as
aggravated assaults.
''Offenses known to the police" include, therefore, all of the above
offenses, including attempts, which are reported by the law-enforce-
ment agencies of contributing communities and not merely arrests or
cleared cases. Offenses committed by juveniles are included in the
same manner as those known to have been committed by adults,
regardless of the prosecutive action. Complaints which upon inves-
tigation are learned to be groundless are not included in the tabula-
tions which follow.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out as
current information which may throw some light on problems of
crime and criminal-law enforcement.
In compiling the tables, returns which were apparently incomplete
or otherwise defective were excluded.
In the last section of this bulletin may be found brief definitions of
part I and II offense classifications.
EXTENT OF REPORTING AREA
In the table which follows there is shown the number of police
departments from which one or more crime reports were received
during the calendar year 1947. Information is presented for the
cities divided according to size, and the population figures employed
are from the 1940 decennial census.
Population group
Total
number
of cities
or towns
Cities filing returns
Total
population
Population represented
in returns
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
1,079
1,040
96.4
62, 737, 577
62, 182, 974
99.1
1. Cities over 250,000
37
55
107
213
667
37
55
107
213
628
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.2
30, 195, 339
7, 792, 650
7, 343, 917
7, 417, 093
9, 988, 578
30, 195. 339
7, 792, 650
7, 343, 917
7, 417, 093
9, 433, 975
100.0
2 Cities 100 000 to 250.000
100.0
3. Cities 50,000 to 100,000
100.0
4 Cities 25,000 to 50,000
100.0
5. Cities 10,000 to 25,000
94.4
Note.— The above table does not include 2,125 cities, villages, and rural townships aggregatmg a total
population of 10,594,341. The cities and villages included in this figure are those of less than 10,000 population
filing returns, whereas the rural townships are of varying population groups.
In addition to the 3,165 city and village police departments which
forwarded crime reports during 1947, one or more reports were
received during the year from 2,376 sheriffs and State police organiza-
tions and from 11 agencies in Territories and possessions of the
United States, making a grand total of 5,552 agencies contributing
crime reports to the FBI during 1947.
MONTHLY REPORTS
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Population
Over 90 percent of the urban population of the United States is
represented by law enforcement agencies whose reports were used in
preparing the urban crime rate tabulations in this issue of the bulletin.
The crime reports received are carefully examined and any apparent
discrepancies or any indications of a misunderstanding as to the pro-
cedure to be followed in preparing reports are made the subject of
correspondence. Special agents of the FBI are in contact from time
to time with the contributing law-enforcement agencies, and in addi-
tion the larger places are contacted personally by representatives
of the FBI with special training and experience in uniform crime
reporting for the purpose of being of all possible assistance to the local
law-enforcement agencies in connection with the preparation of the
uniform crime reports.
Again in 1947, cities with over 100,000 inhabitants reported more
crime per unit of population than the smaller communities. Excep-
tions to this general rule are found in the aggravated assault and
larceny classifications. Cities with population from 50,000 to 100,000
reported more aggravated assaults per 100,000 inhabitants than the
larger communities and a higher larceny rate than cities with popula-
tion in excess of 250,000.
Although less than 6 percent of the crimes reported by the cities
represented in table 29 were offenses against the person, it should be
observed that these communities reported 7,101 criminal homicides,
8,615 rapes and 49,291 offenses of assault with intent to kill. Three
and one-half percent of the offenses reported were robberies, 10.8
percent were auto thefts, 23.1 percent were burglaries, and 56.9
percent of the offenses reported were larcenies.
(T8)
79
Table 29. — Offenses known to the police, 1947; number and rate per 100,000
inhabitants, by population groups
[Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Population group
TOTAL, GROUPS I-VI
2,392 cities; total population,
280,062:
Number of offenses known.
Rate per 100,000_--
• GROUP I
3 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 29,894,166:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP n
55 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,792,650:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
107 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 7,343,917:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
211 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total popu-
lation, 7,344,474:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000-.-
566 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total popu-
lation, 8,532,054:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
1,417 cities under 10,000; total popu-
lation, 7,372,801:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000-
Criminal homi-
cide
Mur-
der,
non-
negli-
gent
man-
slaugh-
ter
4.178
6.12
2,124
7.11
601
7.71
304
4.14
367
4.30
319
4.33
Man-
slaush-
ter by
negli-
gence
2,923
4.28
411
5.27
260
3.54
270
3.68
178
2.09
206
2.79
Rape
8,615
12.62
4,790
16.02
979
12.56
729
598
8.14
773
9.06
746
10.12
Rob-
bery
40, 677
59.6
25, 629
85.7
5.372
3,159
43.0
2,371
32.3
2,315
27.1
1,831
24.8
Aggra-
vated
assault
49. 291
72.2
25, 635
85.8
5,841
75.0
520
4,641
63.2
3,912
45.9
2,742
37.2
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
1 229, 571
389.8
92, 417
450.6
39, 610
508.3
28, 809
392.3
25, 251
343. 8
25. 182
295.1
18. 302
248.2
Lar-
ceny-
theft
961.2
206,539
1007. 1
87, 343
1120. 8
76. 250
1038.3
73, 599
1002. 1
74,582
874.1
47, 767
647.9
1 The number of offenses and rates for burglary and larceny-theft are based on reports as follows: Groups
I-VI, 2,.390 cities, total population, 58,893,733; group I, 34 cities, total population, 20,507,837.
80
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81
Annual Trends, Offenses Known to the Police in Urban Communities
While crime in the urban areas was generally down in 1947 compared
with the previous year, a study of the available figures for earlier
periods shows clearly that 1947 crime was still high. Figures 9 and
10 indicate the relative position of the crime totals for 1947, 1946, and
the average war year (1942-45) in comparison with the average prewar
year (1938-41) based on reports received over the period 1938-47
from 373 of the Nation's largest cities.
Criminal homicides, robberies, burglaries, and larcenies generally
followed the same pattern over the years. In comparison with the
prewar average, such offenses were less frequent during the war but
rose sharply in 1946 to points well above the average for 1938-41.
These crimes in 1947 declined, but not enough. They still exceeded
the prewa^r figures as follows: Murder, 15.4 percent; negligent man-
slaughter, 2.1 percent; robbery, 14.6 percent; burglary, 15.3 percent;
and larceny, 2.6 percent.
Auto thefts rose during the war and sharply thereafter to a position
in 1946, 28.5 percent in excess of the prewar average. The marked
decline in such offenses recorded in 1947 brought that year's total close
to the average for 1938-41, but still 1.9 percent above it.
Rape and aggravated assault have shown serious and steady in-
creases over the years with practically no tendency to decline or even
level off. These crimes of violence rose sharply during the war and
were still on the increase in 1946 and 1947, with the latter year's
figures above the prewar totals by 48.3 percent for rape and 59.5
percent for aggravated assault.
Tables 30 and 31 show the oft'enses reported during 1946 and 1947
by 2,076 cities representing 65,432,168 inhabitants. Urban com-
munities of all sizes are included and as a group their reports reflected
decreases in all crimes except rape and aggravated assault which rose
2.9 and 3.3 percent, respectively. Murder and negligent manslaughter
decreased 5.9 and 8.9 percent in that order and auto thefts dropped
20.7 percent. Other decreases were: Robbery, 5.5 percent; burglary,
3.7 percent; and larceny, 2.3 percent.
Generally, the separate population groups showed similar trends
except that cities with population from 50,000 to 100,OpO, contrary to
the general over-all trend, increased in murders and decreased in
aggravated assaults. Similarly, urban communities under 10,000
in population reported increases in negligent manslaughter and larceny
and decreases in aggravated assault. The crime trends for 1947 by
population group are shown in table 30.
With the cities divided according to location (table 31) it is observed
that the rise in the number of offenses of rape was recorded in all
778450°— 48 2
82
areas except the East North Central and West North Central divisions.
Similarly, aggravated assault increased in all but the New England
and West North Central geographic divisions. Exceptions to the
general downward trend for all other offense classes were reflected in
the following areas: Murder increased in the Pacific States; negligent
manslaughter increased in the New England and Middle Atlantic
States; robbery rose in the East North Central, West North Central,
and Mountain States; burglary was up in the South Atlantic, East
South Central, Mountain, and Pacific areas; and larceny rose in the
Mountain and Pacific States.
Auto theft declined in all geographic divisions and in each individual
State except Minnesota and Montana.
Table 30. — Annual trends, offenses knoivn to the police, 1946-47, hy population
groups
Populatiou group
Total
Murder
and
nonneg-
ligent
man-
-slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Auto
theft
Total, 2,076 cities; popu-
lation, 65,432,168:
1946
1, 050. 651
996, 785
-5.1
4,186
3,941
-5.9
3,085
2,812
-8.9
8,000
8,232
-1-2.9
41, 174
38, 906
-6.5
43, 850
45, 316
-F3.3
234, 829
226, 096
-3.7
564, 430
661, 683
-2.3
150, 997
1947 -
119, 799
Percent change
-20.7
Group I, 35 cities; popu-
lation, 29,231,075:
1946
442,289
413, 894
-6.4
162, 345
157,319
-3.1
134, 886
125. 980
-6.6
124.051
117.469
-5.3
116,573
112,506
-3.5
70.407
69,617
-1.1
2,195
2, 059
-6.2
611
597
-2.3
431
443
-1-2.8
330
297
-10.0
376
316
-16.0
243
229
-5.8
1,694
1,575
-7.0
437
400
-8.5
291
252
-13.4
319
267
-16.3
192
164
-14.6
152
154
-1-1.3
4,568
4,654
-M.9
968
975
+.7
666
684
-f2.7
563
.590
-f4.8
655
718
-f9.6
580
611
-f 5. 3
25, 577
24, 670
-3.5
5,656
5. 264
-6.9
3, .595
3,032
-15.7
2,499
2, .342
-6.3
2,312
2,151
-7.0
1, .')35
1,447
-5.7
22, 252
23, 245
-1-4.5
5,365
5,780
-F7.7
6,174
6,152
-.4
4,600
4,634
+.7
3,150
3,341
4-6.1
2, .309
2, 164
-6.3
100, 430
95, 271
-5.1
39, 134
38, 977
-.4
29, 949
27, 868
-6.9
25, 714
24, 895
-3.2
23,824
23. 564
-1.1
15, 778
15, .521
-1.6
212, 391
205, 141
-3.4
87, 183
86, 671
-.6
76, 818
74, 283
-3.3
75, 542
72,603
-3.9
71.926
70. 838
-1.5
40,570
42, 147
-1-3.9
73, 182
1947 ... . .
57, 279
Percent change
Group II. 54 cities; popu-
lation, 7,667,953:
1946
-21.7
22,991
1947
18, 655
Percent change
Group HI, 105 cities; pop-
ulation, 7,225,754:
1946
-18.9
16, 962
1947
13, 266
Percen t change
Group IV, 208 cities; pop-
ulation, 7,226,295:
1946
-21.8
14. 484
1947
Percent change
Group V, 525 cities; pop-
ulation, 7,962,641:
1946
11,841
-18.2
14, 138
1947
11,414
Percent change
Group VI, 1,149 cities;
population, 6,118,450:
1946
-19.3
9.240
1947
7,344
Percent change
-20.5
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Table 31. — Annual trends, offenses known to the police,
geographic divisions, and States
1946-47, by regions,
Regions, divisions, and
States
Total
Mur-
der and
non-
negli-
gent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Auto
theft
Total, 2,076 cities; popula-
tion, 65,432,168:
1946 ---
1, 050, 551
996, 785
-5.1
538, 273
500, 997
-6.9
4,186
3,941
-5.9
1,872
1,780
-4.9
3,085
2.812
-8.9
1,751
1,697
-3.1
8,000
8,232
+2.9
4,914
4,870
-.9
41, 174
38, 906
-5.5
20, 817
20, 794
-.1
43, 860
45.316
-f3.3
19, 069
19, 486
+2.2
234, 829
226. 096
-3.7
125, 143
116,338
-7.0
664, 430
561, 683
-2.3
286, 314
272. 766
-4.4
160, 997
1947 --
119, 799
Percent change
The North, 1,424 cities;
population, 46,758,018:
1946
-20.7
79, 393
1947
63, 267
Percent change
-20.3
New England, 181 cities;
population, 5,963,345:
1946
64, 946
61,950
-4.6
92
84
-8.7
154
185
+20.1
437
450
+3.0
1,226
1,117
-8.9
823
734
-10.8
17,259
16, 143
-6.5
35, 190
35, 174
0)
9,765
1947
8,063
Percent change
-17.4
Connecticut, 27 cities;
population, 1,090,980:
1946
14. 357
13, 732
3,658
3,414
36, 279
35, 077
1,651
1,523
8,159
7,426
842
778
14s, 229
123, 9f>6
-13.5
24
24
3
3
55
51
3
1
7
3
30
33
9
8
80
118
4
5
31
21
65
55
22
18
289
330
25
17
32
29
4
1
1,610
1,662
+3.2
236
229
65
40
744
726
7
12
171
100
3
10
5, 547
4.906
-11.6
246
272
41
19
397
298
6
8
131
133
2
4
6,759
7,177
+6.2
3,930
3,600
843
792
9,706
9,245
391
335
2,265
2,008
124
163
34, 122
29, 678
-13.
8,184
8,061
2,201
2,176
18, 667
19, 082
1,044
1,022
4,490
4,330
604
503
62, 056
54, 936
-11.5
1,642
1947
1,458
Maine, 18 cities; popula-
tion, 298,877:
1946
474
1947
Massachusetts, 101 cities;
population, 3,652,281:
1946
358
6,341
1947
5,227
New Hampshire, 14 cities;
population, 239,235:
1946
171
1947
123
Rhode Island, 15 cities;
population, 610,107:
1946
1,032
1947
802
Vermont, 6 cities; popula-
tion, 71,865:
1946
105
1947
Middle Atlantic,497 cities;
population, 19,181,071:
1946
2
706
658
-6.8
939
999
+ 6.4
95
31,490
1947
23, 950
Percent change
-23.9
New Jersey, 128 cities;
population, 2,578,400:
1946
28, 765
26, 412
71, 240
58, 271
43, 234
39, 283
255, 494
243, 109
-4.8
66
71
400
386
240
201
f/o
-.6
149
112
546
583
244
304
488
377
-21.9
232
240
985
992
393
430
2,291
2,225
-2.9
1,023
809
2.213
2,015
2,311
2,082
11,840
12, 501
+5.6
1.350
1,308
3.673
3,980
1,736
1,889
9,041
9,175
+1.5
8,118
7,708
12, 665
10, 006
13, 339
11,964
57,918
64, 908
-5.2
13. 282
13, 140
32, 217
25, 725
16, 557
16, 071
14i,658
140, 148
-3.1
4,535
1947
3,024
New York, 163 cities; pop-
ulation, 11,001,988:
1946
18,541
1947
14,584
Pennsylvania, 206 cities;
population, 5,600,683:
1946
8,414
1947
6,342
East North Central, 497
cities; population, 16,-
■ 304,884:
1946 ..._
1947...
Percent change
-19.3
Illinois, 131 cities, popula-
tion, 5,362,611:
1946
59, 397
54, 642
303
266
109
88
607
653
4.716
5,614
2,509
2,203
15, 867
14, 110
29, 165
26,464
6,121
1947
5,244
1 A decrease of less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
85
Table 31.
-Annual trends, offenses known to the police, 1946~47, by regions^
geographic divisions, and States — Continued
Regions, divisions, and
States
Indiana, 58 cities; popula-
tion, 1,650,648:
1946
1947
Michigan, 95 cities; popu-
lation, 3,318,433:
1946-
1947
Ohio, 140 cities; popula-
tion, 4,397,647:
1946
1947
Wisconsin, 73 cities; popu-
lation, 1,575,545:
1946
1947....
West North Central, 249
cities; population, 5,-
308,718:
1946-
1947
Percent change
Iowa, 53 cities; population
916,883:
1946-..
1947
Kansas, 48 cities; popula-
tion, 682,408:
1946—
1947
Minnesota, 64 cities; pop-
ulation, 1,333,673:
1946--
1947
Missouri, 41 cities; popu-
lation, 1,697,483:
1946
1947
Nebraska, 21 cities; pop-
ulation, 442,247:
1946—
1947
North Dakota, 9 cities;
population, 105,072:
1946-
1947
South Dakota, 13 cities;
population, 130,952:
1946
1947
The South, 369 cities;
population, 11,103,079:
1946
1947
Percent change . -
South Atlantic, 177 cities;
population, 5,023,666:
1946—
1947-
Percent change ...
Delaware, 2 cities; popu-
lation, 118,021:
1946
1947
Florida, 30 cities; popula-
tion, 829,414:
1946-
1947-..
Total
30, 795
29, 048
71, 187
70, 575
75, 641
71, 449
18, 474
17, 395
7^, 604
71,972
-3.5
12, 266
11, 448
11, 788
11, 179
14, 274
14. 421
26, 263
24, 788
7,015
7,192
1,436
1,409
1,562
1,535
253, 112
242, 437
-4.2
lU, 712
111, 687
-2.6
2,642
25, 823
27, 144
Mur
der and
non-
negli-
gent
man-
slaugh
ter
256
252
260
228
■12.3
1,868
1,708
805
749
-7.0
137
163
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
114
174
156
175
136
55
670
580
13.4
277
240
■13.4
Rape
161
161
958
772
Rob-
bery
576
533
-7.5
312
320
1,324
1.496
+ 13.0
658
775
-\-17.8
72
104
991
2,997
2,823
3,005
2,905
Aggra-
vated
assault
2,204
2,270
■^3.0
232
206
310
375
1,296
1,330
8,575
7,330
-14.5
3, 976
3,275
-17.6
104
895
3,400
3,902
2,019
2,197
2,446
2, 400
-1.9
136
133
1,906
1,794
18, 863
19, 780
+4.9
10, 490
10, 914
-\-4.O
1,402
1,681
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
7,332
7,199
Lar-
ceny-
theft
16, 898
16, 253
14, 734 41, 767
15, 100 42, 135
17, 563
16, 143
2,422
2,356
15, 844
15, 609
-1.5
2,737
2,357
3,044
2,776
2,896
2,944
5,408
5,595
1,333
1,449
158
210
278
58. 268
57. 647
-1.1
25, 167
25, 448
+1-1
43, 272
42, 204
13, 556
13,092
43, 410
42, 507
-2.1
7,572
7,364
6,901
6,721
8,972
9,011
13, 573
12, 673
4,258
4,606
1,057
1,053
1,077
1,079
129. 880
125. 662
-3.2
58, 133
57, 476
-1.1
576
544
7,150
7,981
1,592
1,689
13, 296
14,010
8G
87
Table 31
■Annual trends, offenses known to the police, 1916^7 hv reaion^
geographic divisions, and /S^afes— Continued
Regions, divisions, and
States
Georgia, 20 cities; popula-
tion, 715,247-
1946
1947
Maryland, 13 cities; pop-
ulation, 1,007,468:
1946
1947
North Carolina, 40 ciiies;
population, 762,980:
1946
1947
South Carolina, 16 cities;
population,»293,287:
1946
1947
Virginia, 34 cities; popu-
lation, 865,704:
1946
1947
West Virginia, 22 cities;
population, 431,545:
1946
1947
East South Central, 77
cities; population,
2,393,762:
Total
1947_
Percent change.
Alabama, 21 cities; popu-
lation, 632,600:
1947
Kentucky, 21 cities; popu-
lation, 657,085:
1947
Mississippi, 15 cities; pop-
ulation, 274,865:
1946
1947
Tennessee, 20 cities; popu-
lation, 829,212:
1946
1947
West South Central, 115
cities; population,
3.685,651:
1947
Percent change .
Arkansas, 11 cities; popu-
lation, 207,240:
1946
1947
lyouisiana, 18 cities; popu-
lation, 804,862:
1946
1947
Oklahoma, 29 cities, popu-
lation, 622,640:
1946
1947
Texas, 57 cities; popula-
tion, 2,050,909:
1946 ..
1947
16, 802
15. 474
13, 722
14, 030
18, 465
17, 414
6,999
6.610
23, 628
22, 389
6,676
5,984
4«, 738
Mur-
der and
non-
negli-
gent
man-
slaugh-
ter
183
180
147
120
-3.6
Man-
slaugh-
ter hy
negli-
gence
467
-4.7
13, 172
12. 493
15, 366
15, 014
15, 202
14, 661
89, 662
83, 767
-6.6
4,209
10. 156
11. 104
14, 646
13, 347
60, 661
65, 681
173
161
696
614
-13.8
181
168
■12.7
399
341
212
182
■14.2
115
118
Rape
201
248
Rob-
bery
266
267
+4.3
93
410
464
■10.7
268
283
560
710
539
335
342
954
62+
246
224
Aggra-
vated
assault
2,314
1,946
-16.9
940
1,463
1,468
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
3, 332 9, 338
2, 930 8, 556
2,534
2,522
3, 935 3, 700
3, 961 3, 802
466
483
1, 993
1.965
278
252
4,376
4.473
+2.2
395
356
949
777
850
706
2,286
2.109
-7.7
483
522
396
315
1,282
1,272
5.008
4,964
1,585
1, 433
5. 680
6,525
8,204
7,422
4,091
3,855
12,420
12, 127
3,512
3,292
12, 236 21, 191
■12, 712 20, 427
+S. 9 -3. 6
1,716 3,646
1, 770 3, 439
1,022
1,036
601
526
1,037
1.141
.?, 997
4,393
+9.9
1,246
1,161
296
303
868
258
283
2,545
2,939
3,947
4,088
1,119
1,133
3,524
4,052
20. 866
19, 487
991
2,223
2,339
354
14,171
12,972
5, 401
5,098
6,844
6,662
2,509
2,446
6,437
6,221
60, 566
47, 769
-6.6
2,119
1,963
4,619
5,530
35, 053
32, 247
Auto
theft
2,338
2,135
3, 076
2,709
1,976
1,618
926
783
2,861
2,305
870
726
7,717
6,665
-15.1
1,734
1,532
2,381
2,253
554
515
3,048
2,255
10, 741
8.869
-17.4
570
377
8, 765 1, 627
8, 019 1, 243
6,854
5,620
88
Table 31. — Annual trends, offenses known to the police, 1946-47, by regions,
geographic divisions, and States — Continued
Regions, divisions, and
States
Total
Mur-
der and
non-
negli-
gent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Auto
theft
The West, 283 cities; pop-
ulation, 7,571,071:
1946
259, 166
253, 351
-2.2
446
453
+ 1.6
664
535
-19.4
1,762
1,866
+5.9
11, 782
10, 782
-8.5
5,918
6.050
+2.2
51.418
52,111
+ 1.3
149, 236
153. 266
+2.7
37, 940
1947 .
28. 298
Percent change
-25.4
Mountain, 89 cities; popu-
lation, 1,476,138:
194r>...
42,499
43, 081
+1.4
85
68
-20.0
93
91
-2.2
295
308
+4-4
1,164
1,244
+7.8
681
790
-[16.0
8,761
8,897
+1.7
26, 634
27, 605
+3.3
4,806
1947
4,178
Percent change
-13.1
Arizona, 9 cities; popula-
tion, 142,015:
1946
6.220
6,865
13,815
14, 743
3.693
4.224
3.695
4,047
2.786
2.417
2,539
2.414
7.888
7,598
1.863
1.773
21fl, 667
210,270
-3.0
12
12
38
26
5
6
6
3
4
3
6
9
10
5
4
4
361
385
A-6.6
7
18
35
43
7
2
15
8
3
1
6
5
20
13
i
571
444
-22.2
52
62
141
146
21
6
12
18
5
5
18
14
38
42
8
15
1,467
1,568
+6.2
188
176
500
642
41
59
65
69
116
96
47
30
133
131
64
41
10, 628
9,538
-10.3
165
186
190
231
13
41
63
80
33
20
132
104
69
96
16
32
5,237
5,260
+.4
1,075
967
3.717
3,654
714
817
586
585
627
561
373
471
1,352
1,560
307
282
42, 667
43,214
+1.3
3,929
3,737
7.837
8,842
2,425
2,939
2,566
2,882
1.676
1,438
1,578
1,483
5,339
4,960
1,284
1,224
122,602
125, 751
+2.6
792
1947
707
Colorado, 21 cities; popu-
lation, 550,466:
1946
1,357
1947
1,159
Idaho, 14 cities; popula-
tion, 130,854:
1946
467
1947
354
Montana, 12 cities; popu-
lation, 163,248:
1946
382
1947
402
Nevada, 3 cities; popula-
tion, 51,635:
1946
322
1947
293
New Mexico, 13 cities;
population, 111,368:
1946
379
1947
298
Utah, 12 cities; popula-
tion. 255,131:
1946
927
1947
791
Wyoming, 5 cities; popu-
lation, 71,421:
1946
180
1947
174
Pacific, 194 cities; popula-
tion, 6,094,933:
1946
S3, 134
]947 -
24,120
Percent change
-27.2
California, 143 cities; pop-
ulation, 4,753,368:
1946
170. 469
167. 381
16. 218
15. 843
29, 980
27,048
294
333
22
14
45
38
447
344
37
32
87
68
1,290
1.360
72
103
105
95
8,988
8,208
595
454
1,045
876
4,715
4.576
264
435
258
249
32. 173
33,240
3,940
3,807
6,554
6,167
97, 023
100,160
9,118
9,387
16, 461
16, 204
25. 539
1947...
19.160
Oregon, 22 cities; popula-
tion, 479,510:
1946.
2,170
1947
Washington, 29 cities;
population, 862,055:
1946
1,611
5,425
1947
3,349
89
MONTHLY VARIATIONS
Offenses Known to the
Police 1947
408 CITIES TOTAL POPULATION 52,250^10
(Offenses Against the Person)
150%
FBI
CHART
Figure 12.
778450*
90
Monthly Variations, Offenses Known to the Police
The seasonal fluctuation in crimes for 1947 was similar to that re-
ported in prior years. Robberies, burglaries, and auto thefts are least
frequent in the warm summer months and most prevalent during the
colder seasons when the nights are longer. Robbery and burglary
both showed frequency peaks in January and were least frequent
during the summer and early fall. Auto thefts and larceny, however,
after starting down in February rose in March and April and then
declined, following the general pattern of robbery and burglary, ex-
cept these offenses showed a tendency to fall off just before the end
of the year.
Murder, rape, and aggravated assault were least frequent in Febru-
ary and showed a definite tendency to increase during the summer
months. Murder rose to a peak in July, rapes were most frequent in
September, and other felonious assaults were highest in August.
Since the vast majority of negligent manslaughters consist of traffic
fatalities where the police investigation indicates gross criminal neg-
ligence is present, these offe'nses follow generally the pattern of traffic
fatalities throughout the Nation. In 1947 they were least frequent
during the summer, reaching a low in July and were highest during
the winter months when the nights are longer and driving conditions
less favorable.
Table 32. — Monthly variations, offenses known to the police (daily average) j 1947,
408 cities over 25,000 in population
[Total population, 62,250,610 based on 1940 decennial census]
Criminal homi-
cide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
Bur-
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Month
Mur-
der,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
January-December
9.56
6.93
19.43
99.8
n6.6
528.6
1,242.6
283.0
January to March
8.87
9.37
10.90
9.07
6.83
6.11
5.83
8.92
17.90
19.56
21.78
18.45
117.4
90.9
87.4
103.8
103.0
117.5
128.4
117.4
591.9
527.5
472.8
523. 1
/, 199. 1
1,287.8
1,210.0
1,272.5
296.8
April to June
296.3
July to September
261.6
277.6
8.84
8.64
9.19
8.83
9.65
9.73
11.39
10.94
10.37
9.29
8.70
9.19
7.62
7.00
6.00
7.27
6.68
6.40
5.13
6.00
6.37
7.81
8.67
10.29
19.19
16.32
18.03
17.50
19.68
21. 50
21.19
21.90
22.27
21.06
16.57
17.65
125. 7
116.9
109. 5
98.7
88.9
85.0
87.4
88.4
86.6
91.6
101.8
117.9
103.4
101. 6
103.9
109. 8
118.5
124.4
120. 3
134. 9
129. 9
120. 1
117.4
114.7
619.8
575.0
579.5
560.6
526.1
496.1
492.6
467.2
468.4
483.5
620.5
565.2
1, 198. 3
1, 180.
1,217.2
1, 307. 1
1, 285. 7
1, 270. 7
1, 206. 9
1, 208. 5
1,214.9
1, 327.
1, 243. 9
1, 245. 8
303.0
February
288.9
297.9
April
316.6
296.4
275.8
July
258.5
255.8
270.8
October . ..
280.0
277.4
December
276.6
91
MONTHLY VARIATIONS
Offenses Known to the Police
408 CITIES
I9A7
TOTAL POPULATION 52,250,510
(Offenses Against Property)
i«3^8BiRr
ANNUAL AVERAGE-
150%
140 %
130 %
120 %
110%
100 %
90%
80 9,
70%
60%
^ORGtAnY
•.A^yAt. AVERAGE
PERCENT OF ANNUAL AVERAGE
tJ«ftCfi»y -^ : ^
140%
130%
)M
-
^1
AUTO THBFf -
-
3S^v:'^: ^'^^^i^^ai^lSft- ^-- ^^
120%
W^'fl'^i--^'':-^^>;^^ryi^^^
^ ^
110%
iif|pi||
'-
r^
' ~v
'^^':0'-f^
^
ANNU>
y.AVEftA$t
^-^
vv^■vi?■;■^^^:■■i
^
100%
—
-AKNUAOAVJS
RAGE
90%
80%
'.-'{t--
.^-^
c:
<
>-
U.
3
i
a.
<
%
1
<
2
8
i
LU
i
S
Q
70%
60%
<
Z
<
1
I
CL
<
1
D
-1
^-
1
en
1
u
a
FBI
CHART
Figure 13.
92
Offenses Known to the Police — Cities Divided According to Location
Data have been presented in table 29 as to crime rates for cities
divided according to population. Since there is a marked variation
in the extent of crime among the States and geographic divisions of
the country, these data have been further subdivided according to
location. Crime rates by individual States are presented in table 34
and for the various population groups within the nine geographic
divisions in table 35. The figures in table 33 show the number of
cities used in compiling the information.
In the interests of uniformity, it was necessary to base the crime
rate data on the 1940 decennial census figures in lieu of later data for
all cities. Wliile the figures do indicate generally the crime problem
among the various States and geographic divisions, caution should be
exercised in any comparisons or singling out of different sections of the
country since the movement of population within the United States
during the war years has resulted in marked increases in certain areas
with corresponding decreases elsewhere, which information is not
reflected in the following tabulations.
1
93
Table 33. — Nuinber of cities in each State included in the tahidation of vniform
crime re-ports, 1947
Total
Population group
Division and State
Over
250,000
100,000 to
250,000
50,000 to
100,000
25,000 to
50,000
10,000 to
25,000
Less than
10,000
Total:
Population, 68,280,062
2,392
88
55
107
211
566
1,417
New England:
Population, 6,105,981
196
2
10
13
36
68
67
rnnnpctif^ut
27
20
108
14
17
10
565
3
2
1
8
1
1
9
2
16
2
6
1
36
6
6
43
6
6
2
189
7
11
Massachusetts
1
7
33
New Hampshire
6
Rhode Island
1
3
Vermont
7
Middle Atlantic:
Population, 19,729,781
6
11
24
849
New Jersey
142
175
248
562
1
3
2
8
4
4
3
10
7
6
11
23
14
10
12
60
33
47
59
119
83
New York
105
Pennsylvania . .-. ..
161
East North Central:
Population, 16,680,248
342
153
65
107
156
81
277
1
1
1
4
1
4
1
3
2
4
7
4
6
4
2
8
14
10
9
14
13
12
32
13
25
33
16
61
98
Indiana
34
64
Ohio
Wisconsin
97
49
West North Central:
Population, 5,472,473
6
187
58
53
70
49
24
10
13
224
1
2
1
4
1
6
1
1
2
10
16
11
11
6
3
4
52
37
33
Minnesota
2
2
55
2
1
32
1
16
North Dakota
1
1
20
6
South Dakota
8
South Atlantic:
Population, 5,990,076
3
7
17
125
3
1
34
32
15
50
22
41
26
99
1
.. -_. .
2
District of Columbia
1
Florida
3
1
4
4
1
2
4
2
5
2
10
10
6
4
15
4
6
7
23
16
Georgia
1
1
20
8
1
4
2
3
3
4
26
South Carolina,
14
Virginia
West Virginia
East South Central:
Population, 2,526,181
2
25
14
3
3
66
Alabama
26
27
18
28
147
1
1
2
1
1
3
5
1
1
13
5
4
9
5
37
15
16
Mississippi
7
1
4
3
3
18
West South Central:
Population, 4,012,505
9
81
16
21
35
75
109
1
1
1
3
2
7
7
3
4
11
19
24
11
Louisiana
1
12
2
1
1
20
Texas ..
3
1
7
2
38
Mountain:
Population, 1,556,170
74
11
23
19
17
4
14
16
5
213
1
1
1
1
1
2
9
1
5
5
4
1
3
2
4
43
15
Idaho
13
M^ontana
11
3
New M^exico
1
1
10
Utah
1
12
1
Pacific:
Population, 6,206,647
5
6
7
17
136
154
26
33
3
1
1
3
7
13
1
3
31
5
7
97
Oregon
19
Washington
2
20
94
Table 34. — Number of offenses known to the police per 100,000 inhabitants, 1947
by geographic divisions and States
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
Division and State
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slau<rhter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary
—break-
ing or
entering
Larceny
—theft
Total.
New England -
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts. _-
New Hampshire-
Rhode Island
Vermont
Middle Atlantic
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania.-.
East North Central.
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio
Wisconsin
West North Central .
Iowa
Kansas
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota- --
South Dakota.- .
South Atlantic 5
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Maryland
North Carolina-
South Carolina.
"Virginia
West Virginia- -
East South Central.
Alabama
Kentucky
Mississippi
West South Central.
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain
Arizona
Colorado
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico.
Utah
Wyoming
Pacific
California. . .
Oregon
Washington.
6.12
72.2
2.20
.98
L39
.42
.48
1.99
3.43
2.90
3.50
3.53
4.97
6.36
4.85
6.69
1.67
4.17
1.99
3. 93
1.32
8.28
3.53
2.29
14.32
4.97
19.83
24.54
9.99
15.25
14.43
13.54
4.44
18.72
24.87
13.13
15.95
19.38
14.08
14.73
12.59
8.39
16.21
4.76
8.00
5.56
4.05
1.61
5.38
8.74
1.83
5.60
6.32
18.4
21.0
13.1
19.5
5.0
16.1
12.9
26.0
7.05
2.79
4.32
34.4
18.3
36.5
75.4
102.6
59.5
83.7
65.1
10.4
41.9
18.8
30.4
27.8
76.9
28.5
21.4
19.9
72.4
76.3
105.5
56.1
53.1
45.0
40.3
72.3
49.7
79.7
56.1
116.8
38.4
82.4
57.1
49.2
65.0
50.0
57.2
83.2
120.7
115.5
52.6
40.3
173.9
29.7
52.8
57.4
154.9
171.5
91.8
100.1
12.2
24.9
6.9
8.0
3.3
21.5
8.0
37.5
52.4
36.1
33.1
55.4
40.4
45.1
116.0
49.2
7.7
44.3
10.3
27.2
9.8
103.8
38.2
13.2
6.1
231.7
8.3
198.6
149.2
144.5
512.2
150.6
223. 9
57.7
181.5
268.6
150.0
200. 6
132. 8
122.5
143.9
106.4
44.8
148.7
51.9
127. 3
42.2
29.7
43.0
35.9
94.3
35.9
44.8
85.3
95.4
87.7
28.5
330.
259.
254.7
140.0
322.0
176.1
2 228. 4
305.9
3 185.8
4 212.3
333.6
262.0
432. 6
450.7
363.4
147.4
291.5
258.9
398.8
218.7
325.9
321.9
212.1
212.3
617.4
465.1
949.8
392.8
247.9
481.9
408.1
566.5
322. 3
515.2
53) . 4
595. 3
403. 3
476.5
521.2
356.0
287.9
525. 2
620.6
583.9
670.0
657.9
575. 2
327.5
1,043.5
416.7
590. 8
394.8
707.0
699.4
777.9
708.2
1961.2
587.
738. 9
711.8
524.6
427.2
693. 6
610.0
2 447. 2
508.6
3 509. 8
4 347.
852.5
495.7
976.7
1, 262. 1
950.7
812.5
796.4
838. 1
956.4
666.9
731.8
1,016.8
1,050.6
824.0
1,184.9
1,441.8
1,668.4
1,113.7
644.2
928.9
1,210.2
1,376.1
733. 7
826.7
782.9
968.8
877.4
729.6
1,261.0
851.3
678.0
1,230.4
1, 520. 8
1,795.0
2, 568.
1,594.9
2, 040. 6
1,585.4
2, 583. 6
1,303.4
1,854.5
1,713.8
2. 059. 1
2, 107.
1,932.9
1, 868. 4
1 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 2,390 cities with a total population of
68,893,733.
2 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on reports of .563 cities with a total population of 10,343,452.
3 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on reports of 174 cities.
* The rates for burglary and larceny are based on reports of 247 cities.
« Includes the report of the District of Columbia.
95
Table 35. — Nmnber of offenses known to the police per 100,000 inhabitants, 194?
by geographic divisions and population groups
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
Division and Group
iviuraer,
nonneg-
ligent
man
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary
—break-
ing or
entering
Larceny
-theft
Auto
theft
6.12
59.6
72.2
1 389. 8
1 961. 2
182.1
1.39
18.4
12.2
269.5
587.2
133.6
2.34
34.9
22.4
223.2
512.6
253.8
2.21
24.9
18.9
402.1
756.6
166.1
1.46
17.1
8.4
265.3
694.3
121.2
.54
12.3
7.5
255.2
573.1
98.1
.57
7.1
4.4
187.5
427.9
56.9
.97
7.8
8.5
212.6
416.6
64.5
3.43
26.0
37.6
2 228. 4
2 447. 2
124.0
4.62
30.5
44.3
3 267. 4
3 378. 6
137. 9
2.50
30.6
34.6
280.4
525.2
1.38. 1
2.20
23.5
36.3
275.5
550.5
131.3
1.83
13.9
28.5
235.9
573.9
■ 104.
1.18
18.3
24.4
180.7
429.9
98.8
1.60
14.1
20.4
153.8
300.9
63.7
4.96
75.4
55.4
333.6
852.5
140.0
6.68
113.8
78.3
371.2
810.1
1.32. 4
6.13
91.5
83.5
463.5
1,182.9
243.5
4.32
45.7
42.3
3.35.9
1,014.5
153.8
2.92
32.1
24.1
285.2
942.3
148.2
2.13
26.7
20.9
249.5
829.2
118.6
2.18
18.6
14.2
199.7
540.0
87.1
4.17
41.9
44.3
291.5
796.4
164.4
6.97
74.7
89.8
306.3
709.1
182.2
3.88
37.9
39.5
386.6
1. 052. 8
217.3
2.91
24.4
18.6
391.2
1, 228. 9
204.7
1.77
20.2
7.1
272.5
977.8
128.0
2.35
16.2
12.5
248.7
810.8
103. 6
1.85
18.6
11.9
174.8
434.1
75.4
14.32
72.4
231.7
517. 4
1, 184. 9
248.9
13. 81
95.7
238.6
450.8
1, 152. 7
292.9
19.81
118.4
222.6
855.2
1, 586.
321.7
14.50
52.7
254.6
458.7
1,231.3
205.2
12.41
49.8
280.9
547.5
1, 337. 4
247.6
12.44
37.9
209.8
443.5
1, 004. 3
211.8
11.00
31.7
157.4
326.8
596.9
125.2
18.72
79.7
181.5
515.2
826.7
267.5
15.46
124.1
201.6
621.1
931.2
331.6
27.51
92.1
96.5
610.3
810.5
327.6
18.15
42.4
321.1
583.1
734.0
217.1
16.04
57.4
228.8
398.4
1,046.0
229.1
20.30
43.9
160.5
434.1
923.6
248.9
17.84
30.6
72.5
209.4
224.7
93.9
14.08
57.1
122.5
521.2
1,261.0
237.9
19.05
88.6
168.5
670.0
1. 466. 6
295.4
12. 02
66.4
84.5
659.4
1, 754. 9
266.1
11.89
49.9
132.8
495.1
1,291.0
264.7
8.37
30.5
124.8
431.9
1,169.8
209.5
11.35
21.9
- 54.7
319.0
856.5
141.4
12.59
23.8
83.8
245.5
539.2
122.9
4.76
83.2
51.9
583.9
1, 795.
276.8
5.27
162.2
31.9
872.2
1, 721. 1
212.8
2.00
58.0
38.0
632.9
1, 604. 7
362.2
11.06
115.7
1.33. 5
670.2
2, 149. 2
475.4
2.44
52.9
72.4
542.9
2, 193. 3
321.7
4.29
63.3
40.6
494.0
2, 145. 7
266.5
5.39
53.1
46.1
398.1
1, 229. 5
215.1
6.32
154.9
85.3
707.0
2, 059. 1
393.1
7.35
214.4
120.0
745.2
1,917.2
428.2
5.53
136.7
61.4
704.8
1,919.3
414.2
5.75
124.1
71.4
750.0
2, 346. 6
353.5
4.53
86.3
46.8
636.0
2, 134. 1
285.3
5.46
71.9
41.2
697.4
2, 581. 1
383.7
5.11
61.7
35.8
581.4
2,117.3
340.0
Total,
New England
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Middle Atlantic
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI'
East North Central..
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
West North Central.
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
South Atlantic <
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
East South Central
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
West South Central.
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Mountain
Group I--.
Group II-.
Group III-
Group IV.
Group v..
Group VI.
Pacific.
Group I-.
Group II-.
Group III.
Group IV.
Group v..
Group VI.
1 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 2,390 cities with a total population of
J 893 733
2 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 563 cities with a total population of 10,343,452 .
3 The rates for burglary and larceny are based on the reports of 4 cities.
< Includes the report of the District of Columbia,
96
Offenses in Individual Cities With More Than 25,000 Inhabitants
The number of offenses reported as having been committed during
the period of January-December 1947 is shown in table 36. The com-
pilation includes the reports received from police departments in cities
with more than 25,000 inhabitants. Police administrators and other
interested individuals will probably find it desirable to compare the
crime rates of their cities with the average rates shown in tables 29, 34,
and 35 of this publication. Similarly, they will doubtless desire to
make comparisons with the figures for their communities for prior
periods, in order to determine whether there has been an increase or a
decrease in the amount of crime committed.
Caution should be exercised in comparing crime data for individual
cities, because differences in the figures may be due to a variety of
factors. The amount of crime committed in a community is not solely
chargeable to the police but is rather a charge against the entire com-
munity. The following is a list of some of the factors which might
affect the amount of crime in a community:
Population of the city and metropolitan area adjacent thereto.
The cojnposition of the population with reference particularly to
age, sex, and race.
The economic status and activities of the population.
Climate.
Educational, recreational, and religious facilities.
The number of police employees per unit of population.
The standards governing appointments to the police force.
The policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts.
The attitude of the public toward law-enforcement problems.
The degree of efficiency of the local law-enforcement agency.
It should be remembered that the war has brought about marked
changes in some of the foregoing factors in many communities.
In comparing crime rates, it is generally more important to deter-
mine whether the figures for a given community show increases or
decreases in the amount of crime committed than to ascertain whether
the figures are above or below those of some other community.
97
Table 36. — Number of offenses known to the police, 1947, cities over 25,000 in
population
[Based on 1940 decennial census]
City
Abilene, Tex
Akron, Ohio
Alameda, Calif
Albany, N.Y
Albuquerque, N. Mex.
Alexandria, La...
Alexandria, Va...
Alhambra, Calif.
Aliquippa, Pa....
Allentown, Pa...
Alton, 111 ^...
Altoona, Pa
Amarillo, Tex
Amsterdam, N. Y.
Anderson, Ind
Arm Arbor, Mich.
Anniston, Ala
Appleton, Wis
Arlington, Mass...
Arlington, Va
Asheville, N. C
Ashland, Ky
Atlanta, Ga
Atlantic City, N. J.
Auburn, N. Y
Augusta, Ga.
Aurora, 111
-Austin, Tex
Bakersfield, Calif-
Baltimore, Md
Bangor, Maine
Baton Rouee, La....
•Battle Creek, Mich.
Bay City, Mich
Bayonne, N. J
Beaumont, Tex
Belleville, 111
Belleville, N. J
Bellineham, Wash.
Belmont, Mass
Beloit, Wis
Belvedere Township, Calif.
Berkeley, Calif
Berwyn, 111
Bethlehem, Pa
Beverly, Mass
Beverly Hills, Calif.
Binghamton, N. Y..
Birmingham, Ala...
Bloomfield, N. J....
Bloomington, 111..
Boise, Idaho.
Boston, Mass
Bridgeport, Conn-
Bristol, Conn
Brockton, Mass...
Brookline, Mass..
Buffalo, N.Y
Burbank, Calif.-
Burlington, lowa.
778430°— 48-
Mur-
der,
noimeg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Rob-
bery
274
7
2.5
12
12
18
37
10
287
76
1
18
225
2
10
10
299
13
21
7
106
31
Aggra-
vated
assault
57
136
9
24
67
120
226
1
10
252
17
.561
131
3
15
214
7
20
151
39
14
500
1,402
11
28
21
11
27
7
16
24
16
30
3
4
4
2
8
3
85
94
40
65
11
51
4
1
20
158
11
170
5
1
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
104
1,155
102
214
205
157
192
200
60
103
95
278
217
15
118
106
145
50
71
153
344
93
1,482
423
104
227
51
431
261
2,150
54
214
227
104
192
342
48
43
97
87
71
314
570
47
103
217
55
217
075
374
51
210
240
560
265
25
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
57
701
45
151
45
40
102
90
26
112
19
57
320
20
31
127
71
29
19
145
29
1,366
626
57
94
59
87
236
1,438
63
166
107
36
29
101
11
13
37
15
47
65
130
41
41
33
131
839
27
60
124
1.132
459
26
106
50
346
242
Under
$50
197
2,016
547
356
711
263
729
392
107
269
139
414
381
64
412
485
254
319
55
571
453
124
2,631
738
220
385
179
1,281
923
3,747
350
314
575
363
204
693
78
60
118
112
391
296
1,008
138
93
127
71
759
1,526
107
172
408
2,140
956
183
205
1.101
98
Table 36. — Number of offenses known to the police, 1947, cities over 25,000 in
population — Continued
Mur-
der,
noimeg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
City
$50 and
over
Under
$50
Auto
theft
Burlington, "Vt .. ..
99
85
361
435
377
68
52
208
296
633
654
155
62
9,255
64
155
2,048
58
2,004
73
87
49
73
481
273
2, 524
30
693
86
278
117
37
3,102
195
173
268
1,102
377
177
2,812
702
9,010
54
148
340
285
77
69
273
93
210
32
76
366
84
181
541
51
96
339
138
547
91
165
331
53
28
175
190
248
119
16
166
0)
224
0)
57
22
6,507
41
89
1,284
30
725
34
43
43
106
399
197
1, 952
23
343
71
84
30
22
829
55
88
45
350
391
57
1,575
185
2,677
40
230
197
135
11
41
94
25
159
42
38
177
56
140
197
50
45
129
177
230
33
88
164
287
179
417
280
874
656
108
665
819
624
646
151
63
7.282
93
166
3,030
73
8,679
235
87
209
578
1,021
438
1,739
57
1,094
280
279
147
114
6,678
219
338
642
2,699
1,153
456
3,973
1,231
18, 636
224
999
503
397
285
121
212
154
335
121
161
493
180
426
823
129
398
560
557
960
168
483
488
53
Butte, Mont
19
33
76
96
3
3
44
97
38
104
20
24
4,796
24
2
102
1
2
107
82
437
99
14
24
1,430
2
85
339
2
432
4
2
""127"
62
210
1
199
5
67
2
2
666
7
33
"""257"
8
6
103
37
3,240
1
5
706
43
2
2
3
1
156
7"
36
5
6
70
6
1
49
34
33
1
6
12
63
Cambridge, Mass, . .. _
1
8
7
1
1
12
8
21
35
218
Camden, N. J
163
Canton, Ohio
162
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
65
Central Falls, R. I
20
Charleston, S. C
165
Charleston, W. "Va
175
Charlotte, N. C
271
Chattanooga, Tenn .. . . ...
389
Chelsea, Mass
86
Chester, Pa.
3
209
92
Chicago, 111
2,876
Chicopee, Mass.
36
Cicero, 111.
1
47
64
358
10
674
9
6
2
6
43
27
385
67
Cincinnati, Ohio ......
705
Clarksburg, W. "Va
34
Cleveland, Ohio . . .
66
1,011
Cleveland Heights, Ohio
32
Chfton, N. J
1
24
Clinton, Iowa. . ..
34
Colorado Springs, Colo-..
86
Columbia, S. C
11
22
212
Columbus, Ga .
137
Columbus, Ohio ..
653
Concord, N. H
5
Corpus Christi, Tex...
8
2
2
1
1
75
1
3
2
22
65
7
28
5
3
299
21
23
28
245
54
12
520
39
2,157
1
26
46
56
9
5
25
2
101
2
2
36
1
13
76
9
3
35
20
84
4
11
24
242
Council Bluffs, Iowa .
57
Covington, Ky
76
Cranston, R. I.
19
Cumberland, Md
98
Dallas, Tex
1,093
Danville, 111....
70
Danville, "V a ...
89
Davenport, Iowa
104
Daytori, Ohio... . ...
887
Dearborn, Mich
224
Decatur, 111.. .
4
17
6
112
70
Denver, Colo
686
Des Moines, Iowa .
340
Detroit, Mich....
Dubuque, Iowa
2,965
41
Dnlnth, Minn
217
Durham, N.
12
9
146
East Chicago, Ind
120
East Cleveland, Ohio . . ...
20
Easton, Pa
41
East Orange, N. J ...
41
East Providence, R. I
28
East St. Louis, 111
11
180
Eau Claire, Wis
90
Elgin, 111
21
Elizabeth, N. J
3
128
Elkhart, Ind...
33
Elmira, N. Y
1
3
1
70
El Paso, Tex
282
Elyria, Ohio .
26
Enid, Okla
21
Erie, Pa
3
219
Evanston, 111
32
Evansville, Ind
2
292
Everett, Mass
37
Everett, Wash
1
1
74
Fall River. Mass
138
See footnotes at end of table.
99
Table 36. — Number of offenses known to the police, 1947, cities over 25,000 in
population — Continued
City
Mur-
der,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
Under
$50
Fargo, N. Dak
Fitchburg, Mass..
Flint, Mich
Fond du Lac, Wis.
Fort Smith, Ark...
Fort Wayne, Ind.
Fort Worth, Tex.
Fresno, Calif
Gadsden, Ala
Galesburg, 111
Galveston, Tex
Garfield, N.J
Gary, Ind .
Glendale, CaliTf
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Great Falls, Mont
Green Bay, Wis
Greensboro, N. C
Greenville, S. C
Greenwich Town, Conn_
Hackensack, N. J
Hagerstown, Md
Hamilton, Ohio
Hamilton Township, N. J_
Hammond, Ind
Hamtramck, Mich
Harrisburg, Pa
Hartford, Conn
Haverford Township, Pa .
Haverhill, Mass
Hazleton, Pa
Highland Park, Mich.
High Point, N. C
Hoboken, N. J...
Holyoke, Mass
Honolulu, T. H
Houston, Tex
Huntington, W. Va
Huntington Park, Calif.
Hutchinson, Kans__.--.
Indianapolis, Ind.
Ingle wood, Calif..
Irvington, N. J...
Jackson, Mich
Jackson, Miss
Jacksonville, Fla
Jamestown, N. Y._.
Jersey City, N. J....
Johnson City, Term.
Johnstown, Pa
Joliet, 111.
Joplin, Mo
Kalamazoo, Mich..
Kansas City, Kans.
Kansas City, Mo..
Kearny, N. J
Kenosha, Wis —
Kingston, N. Y..
Knoxville, Tenn.
Kokomo, Ind
La Crosse, Wis...
Lafayette, Ind...
Lakewood, Ohio.
Lancaster, Pa —
Lansing, Mich...
10
13
1
159
3
4
21
84
179
4
18
62
7
203
38
38
2
1
25
15
44
22
114
1
5
1
32
4
53
259
19
35
2
342
36
13
13
22
226
3
84
43
215
80
105
7
169
10
171
6
34
3
1
507
45
1
32
48
28
1
8
58
147
1
1
1
22
229
3
2
219
4
5
37
68
111
940
81
97
323
877
560
78
57
248
35
694
389
634
116
113
319
130
43
153
137
65
241
166
295
1,175
57
156
23
253
149
98
109
1,302
3, 483
328
183
107
2,313
239
227
174
300
57
40
555
27
.43
251
348
474
52
22
261
17
371
271
218
109
26
259
163
29
57
92
146
128
200
484
16
71
10
115
82
57
73
461
1,041
177
100
35
259
155
1,752
326
193
970
3,319
1,388
178
171
269
1,224
2,002
427
104
582
288
66
103
451
349
214
631
189
483
1,400
68
274
58
493
200
28
237
2,040
5,539
596
358
413
2,788
454
201
628
199 254 1,604 1,075 1,630
1 4 75 32 180
Complete data not received
11
7
1
21
28
11
6
21
81
97
349
525
2
2
3
2
1
6
48
137
9
12
6
1
11
7
7
9
14
4
14
73
24
99
111
72
141
118
53
233
190
200
460
237
155
733
441
182
636
,724
1,345
2,760
59
31
73
84
21
246
18
36
96
595
406
516
142
49
246
144
61
865
76
80
297
89
32
161
152
64
367
221
106
759
100
Table 36. — Number of offenses known to the police, 1947, cities over 25,000 in
population — Continued
City
Mur-
der,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
ter
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
Under
$50
Laredo, Tex
Lawrence, Mass.
Lebanon, Pa
Lewiston, Maine-
Lexington, Ky.-_
Lima, Ohio
Lincoln, Nebr
Little Rock, Ark._
Long Beach, Calif.
Lorain, Ohio
Los Angeles, Calif,
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Lower Merion Township, Pa .
Lubbock, Tex
Lynchburg, Va
Lynn, Mass
Macon, Ga
Madison, Wis
Maiden, Mass
Manchester, N. H.
Mansfield, Ohio....
Marion, Ind
Marion, Ohio
Mason City, lowa.
Massillon, Ohio
Maywood, 111
McKeesport, Pa.
Medford, Mass..
Melrose, Mass...
Memphis, Tenn.
Meriden, Conn
Meridian. Miss
Miami, Fla
Miami Beach, Fla. .
Michigan City, Ind.
Middletown, Conn.
Middletown, Ohio..
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn.
Mishawaka, Ind
Mobile, Ala
Moline, 111
Monroe, La
Montclair, N. J...
Montgomery, Ala.
Mount Vernon, N. Y.
Muncie, Ind
Muskegon, Mich
Muskogee, Okla
Nashua, N. H
Nashville, Tenn
New Albany, Ind. . .
Newark, N. J
Newark, Ohio.
New Bedford, Mass.
New Britain, Conn...
New Brunswick, N. J .
Newburgh, N. Y
New Castle, Pa
New Haven, Conn
New London, Conn
New Orleans, La
Newport, Ky
Newport, R. I-.
Newport News, Va
See footnotes at end of table.
14
9
64
269
34
3,722
566
18
3
11
14
33
20
301
2
14
430
28
3
3
8
85
209
4
5
1
20
7
29
33
10
4
226
7
275
4
36
17
18
9
15
32
3
444
21
4
58
2
154
37
30
60
158
37
2,235
618
7
1
37
54
17
3
2
36
23
3
14
3
26
15
14
3
12
28
8
3
7
84
46
1
643
22
16
124
20
14
25
11
207
485
1
13
23
10
1
37
14
525
13
9
171
129
102
28
117
331
163
289
433
1,489
177
11,610
2,821
180
192
229
163
367
356
159
190
61
162
78
95
41
74
35
105
119
67
978
64
134
2,461
270
49
61
99
652
1,179
78
161
68
454
110
201
180
157
73
1,236
98
1,921
127
546
133
148
162
154
832
93
1,343
103
47
445
103
172
(>)
(')
98
13, 483
1,651
136
91
182
73
220
232
184
70
78
40
83
26
20
29
34
28
11
572
24
39
1,537
452
42
50
822
928
43
232
84
49
25
61
31
65
167
86
14
590
31
1,138
39
177
228
32
,046
66
39
225
157
321
174
257
716
369
1,038
1,112
2,857
247
17, 287
2,026
374
212
607
327
878
553
624
336
337
305
171
268
156
176
77
210
212
54
1,577
122
211
1,831
714
97
365
3.586
1,463
217
467
192
176
122
338
89
363
470
279
95
1,142
123
1,482
325
878
331
289
171
133
1,222
191
1.834
177
204
101
Table 36. — Number of offenses known to the police, 19^7, cities over 25,000 in
population — Continued
Mur-
der,
noimeg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
City
$50 and
over
Under
$50
Auto
theft
New Rochelle, N. Y
3
6
1,574
18
195
3
2
4
2
545
12
34
133
89
16
3
1
8
15
20
7
64
15
49
17
24
108
12
10
893
73
583
3
9
46
6
7
14
401
16
43
1
58
63
6
21
10
14
17
9
26
147
17
11
2
38
13
25
1
13
33
5
3,125
107
343
22
2
12
8
528
34'
112
125
36
69
2
4
33
43
3
12
63
64
45
66
157
46
89
841
64
362
2
12
25
15
--
382
14
176
28
71
93
23
" 4
147
10
1
45
398
43
77
63
17
4
69
16
82
325
3, 387
257
1,397
45
76
44
77
2,729
148
369
1,272
817
158
322
70
142
96
121
71
543
281
390
210
271
571
161
181
4, 060
452
2,144
110
91
288
91
114
217
2,874
209
286
80
1,210
336
105
236
150
145
298
127
83
1,045
189
184
19
734
206
160
88
57
63
109
886
291
338
94
131
0)
158
785
18
35
35
32
588
82
232
252
469
69
172
33
40
68
44
20
397
108
146
115
129
233
0)
125
1,666
267
705
31
104
190
33
61
143
1,606
100
147
77
421
119
56
48
102
34
46
51
93
1,023
122
202
30
307
120
135
49
12
45
44
1,027
165
113
122
372
7,517
323
1,196
59
119
145
159
4,546
248
1,164
2,977
2.014
186
477
598
117
387
267
181
1,086
273
308
681
411
908
515
486
1,267
1,677
937
187
226
385
238
379
594
4,225
421
432
328
1,558
464
576
447
560
175
445
88
151
2,772
614
408
217
1,566
616
489
295
98
228
309
2,200
995
659
57
Newton, Mass .... .. ..
1
333
3
35
81
10,355
143
New York, N. Y.2..
Niagara FaUs, N. Y
Norfolk, V a
587
43
Norristown, Pa
North Bereen, N. J.. . .
1
1
51
Norwalk, Conn
25
Norwood, Ohio
17
Oakland, Calif
25
1 128
Oak Park, ni
34
Ogden, Utah. . . .
2
17
11
4
7
2
1
1
4
1
2
3
2
187
Oklahoma City, Okla
565
Omaha, Nebr...
558
Orange, N. J
43
Orlando, Fla.
147
Oshkosh, Wis . . . . .
31
Ottuxnwa, Iowa
65
Owensboro, Ky ...
69
Paducah, Ky _
74
Parkersburg, W. "Va ...
50
Pasadena, Calif . .
173
Passaic, N. J .
115
250
Pawtucket, R, I
145
Pensacola, Fla. . ..
6
7
84
Peoria, 111
357
Perth Amboy, N. J ......
77
Petersburg, ^a
4
118
10
32
1
1
7
5
2
59
Philadelphia, Pa
1,802
Phoenix, Ariz
421
Pittsburgh, Pa . ..
1,508
Pittsfield, Mass . .
62
Plainfield, N. J
31
Pontiac, Mich..
194
Port Arthur, Tex
81
Port Huron, Mich
58
Portland, Maine .
109
Portland, Oreg .. ... .-. .
8
1
5
1
......
3
1,038
Portsmouth, Ohio
80
Portsmouth, V a -
106
Poughkeepsie, N. Y
48
457
Pueblo, Colo
138
Quincy.Ill
62
Quincy, Mass
85
Racine, Wis
1
2
67
Raleigh, N.C
95
Reading, Pa. . . . ..
100
68
Richmond, Ind.
37
39
2
2
674
Riverside, Calif .
97
Roanoke, Va
123
12
Rochester, N. Y
4
5
6
4
6
433
Rockford, 111 .
42
Rock Island, 111
94
Rocky Mount, N. C
44
Rome, Ga ..
46
Rome, N. Y
62
Royal Oak, Mich .
8
303
41
17
1
80
91
19
52
Sacramento, Calif
10
3
4
524
104
St. Joseph, Mo
110
See footnotes at end of table.
102
Table 36. — Number of offenses known to the police, 1947, cities over 25,000 in
population — Continued
City
Mur-
der,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Rob-
bery
Bur-
Larceny— theft
Aggra-
vated
glary-
break-
assault
enter-
ing
$50 and
over
Under
$50
1,144
2,246
0)
4.842
76
963
344
2,466
36
556
232
710
119
18
159
7
123
117
746
57
949
515
1,891
48
93
34
200
981
1,637
704
3.267
20
421
231
765
121
867
858
2,182
513
2,888
1,702
10,380
16
334
61
1,714
13
155
146
755
21
232
170
632
62
578
554
1,262
60
139
689
1,222
18
169
73
306
72
327
161
350
80
3,111
1,360
4, 536
2
53
26
123
34
34
307
64
169
161
698
28
217
243
662
3
150
118
459
2
516
69
321
56
547
308
1,181
249
121
359
51
165
127
332
36
937
230
2, 434
13
217
204
589
22
353
173
753
10
328
138
711
28
311
88
624
20
207
171
385
37
116
43
189
107
680
677
1.193
1
61
24
318
11
599
408
1,239
38
802
368
1,363
196
936
405
1,198
2
173
31
273
51
13
38
16
311
78
539
242
1,578
775
2,660
12
449
78
660
24
12
65
61
633
210
462
19
340
98
96
50
268
298
984
116
1,308
765
1,539
198
118
131
163
14
65
50
228
1
186
69
154
134
82
163
4
195
48
344
12
145
123
653
101
173
44
602
103
45
265
148
75
421
1
79
92
175
2,390
4,593
1,939
9,909
2
88
35
106
5
256
134
361
2
191
66
745
71
38
142
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn
St. Petersburg, Fla.
Salem, Mass...
Salem, Oreg
Salt Lake City, Utah.
San Angelo , Tex
San Antonio, Tex
San Bernardino, Calif-
San Diego, Calif
San Francisco. Calif..
San Jose, Calif
Santa Ana, Calif
Santa Barbara, Calif-
Santa Monica, Calif..
Savannah, Ga
Schenectady, N. Y.
Scranton, Pa
Seattle, Wash
Sharon, Pa
Sheboygan, Wis
Shreveport, La
Sioux City, Iowa....
SiouxFalls, S. Dak.
Somerville, Mass...
South Bend, Ind..
South Gate, Calif.
Spartanburg, S. C.
Spokane, Wash...
Springfield, 111
Springfield, Mass..
Springfield, Mo
Springfield, Ohio...
Stamford, Conn
Steuben ville, Ohio.
Stockton, Calif.
Superior, Wis..
Syracuse, N. Y.
Tacoma, Wash.
Tampa, Fla
Taunton, Mass...
Teaneck, N. J....
Terre Haute, Ind.
Toledo, Ohio
Topeka, Kans
Torrington, Conn.
Trenton, N, J
Troy, N. Y
Tucson, Ariz
Tulsa, Okla
Tuscaloosa, Ala.
Tyler, Tex
Union City, N. J
University City, Mo
Upper Darby Township, Pa.
Utica, N. Y
Waco, Tex
Waltham, Mass.
Warren, Ohio...
Warwick, R. I..
Washington, D. C.
Washington. Pa...
Waterbury, Coim.
Waterloo, Iowa
Watertown, Mass.
810
122
45
14
5
87
12
263
52
193
1,428
40
12
39
5
12
23
3
26
69
32
13
127
30
22
16
34
184
3
47
72
90
3
1
16
212
34
1
108
13
47
131
See footnotes at end of table.
103
Table 36.
-Number of offenses known to the police, 1947, cities over
population — Continued
,000 in
City
Watertown, N. "■
Waukegan, IlL..
Wausau, Wis
Wauwatosa, Wis
West Allis, Wis-
West Hartford, Conn..
West Haven, Conn
West New York, N. J..
West Orange, N. J
West Palm Beach, Fla.
Wheeling, W. Va...
White Plains, N. Y.
Wichita, Kans
Wichita Falls, Tex..
Wilkes-Barre, Pa....
Wilkinsburg, Pa
Williamsport, Pa
Wilmington, Del
Wilmington, N. C
W^inston-Salem, N. C.
Woodbridge, N. J.
Woonsocket, R. I.
Worcester, Mass..
Wyandotte, Mich.
Yakima, Wash
Yonkers, N.Y
York, Pa
Youngstown, Ohio.
Zanesville, Ohio
Mur-
der,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Rob-
bery
18
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
83
102
55
29
41
53 27
4 4 57 28
Only 6 months received
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
Under
$50
340
22r.
206
127
423
111
51
Auto
theft
6
56
23
110
23
135
355
174
431
10
11
124
61
204
5
72
55
78
196
38
21
680
265
1, 382
28
55
270
202
734
4
17
154
82
206
11
5
126
12
91
10
8
111
32
337
90
9
517
382
1,248
33
452
332
108
334
47
215
446
172
475
4
3
84
41
103
5
2
102
47
240
39
4
780
378
1,019
1
2
63
29
129
29
18
209
284
1,169
12
57
300
125
523
18
14
164
69
478
147
71
535
140
907
19
1
233
44
289
4
118
65
42
208
168
79
27
44
285
59
138
19
50
364
40
130
101
104
299
106
1 Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes b.oth major and minor larcenies.
2 Figures include offenses committed by juveniles; this is in accord with the uniform reporting procedure
followed by other cities.
Supplement to Return A Data
In combating crime it is important for police to know not only the
total number of crimes occurring but also the nature of the criminal
acts, time and place of commission, and value of property stolen.
Such detailed information was furnished the F B I in 1947 by 355 cities
over 25,000 in population.
Over 80 percent of the 174,744 burglaries investigated by the police
occurred at night while almost 59 percent (102,331) involved business
houses and other nonresidence structures. Although 23,786 (32.8 per-
cent) of the residence burglaries occurred during the day, only 10.3
percent (10,521) of the nonresidence burglaries were perpetrated
during daylight hours.
Victims of 22,436 (68.6 percent) of the 32,706 robberies m these
cities were held up or strong-armed in their homes or on sidewalks,
streets, and pubhc highways. Places of business were robbed by
force or threat in 8,449 (25.8 percent) of the cases reported to the
police.
Thefts of property from autos including accessories numbered
134,486, almost one-third of the total thefts reported by these cities.
104
Bicycle thefts also represent a serious problem in police work since
61,700 or 15 percent of the thefts were of this type. Although occur-
ring with less frequency, pocket-picking and purse-snatching are
among the most serious types of thefts with only the element of force
distinguishing them from robberies. Almost 4 percent or 15,574 were
of this type during 1947 in the indicated cities.
Property valued at $5 or more was stolen in over 86 percent (355,655)
of the thefts while 56,445 or 13.7 percent involved attempts and prop-
erty less than $5 in value. Over 24 percent of the thefts resulted in
losses of $50 and over.
Of the 5,881 rapes reported, nearly 41 percent involved victims under
the age of consent where no force was used while over 59 percent were
forcible in nature.
In these cities 84,775 autos were stolen during 1947 and the police
recovered 79,739 or 94.1 percent.
Table 37. — Number of known offenses hy nature of criminal act, time and -place of
commission, and value of property stolen, 1947
[Based on reports of 355 cities over 25,000 in population; total population, 40,
decennial census]
764,315, according to the 1940
Classification
Number of
offenses
Percent dis-
tribution
Rape:
Total
5,881
100.0
3,493
2,388
59.4
Statutory.
40.6
Robbery:
Total
32, 706
100.0
20, 832
7,132
1,040
248
1,604
29
1,821
63.6
Commercial house
21.8
3.2
Chain store
.8
4.9
Bank
.1
5.6
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Total
174, 744
100.0
Residence (dwelling):
48, 627
23, 786
91, 810
10, 521
27.8
Committed during day . - - -- .
13.6
Nonresidence (store, office, etc.):
Committed during night . .- - -
52.6
Committed during day _.
6.0
Larceny- theft (except auto theft) (grouped according to value of article
stolen):
Total - --
412, 100
100.0
$50 and over - . . . . .
100, 734
254, 921
56,445
24.4
$5 to $50 --
61.9
Under$5 . . --
13.7
Larceny— theft (grouped as to type of ofTense):
412, 100
100.0
-----
Pocket-picking ---
7,088
8,486
18, 155
76, 614
57,872
61, 700
182, 185
L7
2.1
Shoplifting -
4.4
18.6
Auto accessories - . -
14,0
Bicycles--. --
15.0
All others.. --
44.2
105
The number of cities furnishing the supplemental analysis of crime
presented in tables 37-39 are not identical. While 355 cities are
represented in table 37 as to the break-down of the number of offenses,
only 343 included the value of property stolen by offense as shown in
table 38, and 338 reported complete information as to values by type
of property (table 39).
Robberies by means of firearms, force or threat in 31,526 instances
resulted in a total property loss of $5,791,153 or an average of $184 for
each offense. Excluding auto thefts, the next highest average loss,
$130, occurred in 167,426 burglaries for a total of almost 22 million
dollars.
The average property loss in thefts unaccompanied by the elements
of robbery or burglary was $62 but in the 395,795 crimes of this type,
the loot was almost 24)^ million dollars. The average value per auto
theft wag $759.
Table 38 includes, of course, attempted crimes not involving prop-
erty stolen. For this reason the average value of property stolen per
offense is considered conservative.
Table 38. — Value of property stolen, by type of crime, 1947
[Based on the reports of 343 cities over 25,000 in population; total population, 39,223,509, according to 1940
decennial census. All values have been rounded off to even dollars]
Classification
Number of
offenses
Value of prop-
erty stolen
Average
value per
offense
Total
675, 639
$113,443,484
$168
Robbery
31, 526
167, 426
395, 795
80, 892
5, 791, 153
21, 788, 414
24, 494, 528
61, 369, 389
184
Burglary . .
130
Larceny — theft
62
Autotheft
759
The 338 cities over 25,000 in population represented in table 39
reported $106,235,467 m property stolen durmg 1947. Over 60
percent or $64,111,340 of the property was recovered. Since automo-
biles represent the largest recovery percentage, 92.6 percent, they
control the recovery figures. Thus, excluding automobiles, only 22.5
percent of stolen property was recovered.
Table 39. — Value of property stolen and value of property recovered, by type of
property, 1947
[Based on reports of 338 cities over 25,000 in population; total population, 36,964,995, according to the 1940
decennial census. All values have been rounded off to even dollars]
Type of property
Value of prop-
erty stolen
Value of prop-
erty recovered
Percent
recovered
Total
$106, 235, 467
$64, 111, 340
60.3
15, 944, 811
9, 181, 283
2, 170. 099
5, 545, 173
57, 393, 730
16,000,371
2, 349, 118
1, 958, 693
200, 091
1, 369, 778
53, 130, 954
5, 102, 706
14.7
Jewelry and precious metals
2L3
9.2
Clothing ... .
24.7
Locally stolen automobiles
92.6
31.9
106
Rural Crime Rates, 1947
With the exception of aggravated assault, rural rates for crimes
against the person differ little from the National averages for urban
communities; however, the more sparsely populated rural areas do
report substantially lower crime rates in other offense classes.
The rural figures may be considered conservative since some in-
completeness probably exists in the rural reporting of less serious
crimes. The reports of some of the rural agencies included in table
40 listed a small number of offenses and in certain instances the re-
ports may have been based on arrest records rather than on a record
of offenses reported.
A combined rural population of 36 K million is represented in the
rural crime rate table below reflecting the number of offenses reported
and the rate per 100,000 inhabitants. The data are based on the
reports of 1,639 sheriffs, 123 rural village officers and 12 State Police
organizations forwarded during the year 1947.
Table 40. — Offenses known, rural areas, number and rate per 100,000 inhahitants,
1947
[Based on reports of 1,639 sheriffs, 123 rural village officers, and 12 State Police organizations representing
a combined population of 36,519,339. Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Criminal
homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Offense
Mur-
der,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
Number of offenses known
2,323
6.36
1,651
4.52
4,969
13.61
7,023
19.2
13, 349
36.6
53,163
145.6
72, 745
199.2
20, 922
Rate per 100,000
57.3
107
as
<
<
o
CD
CO
Z
O
^
to
REPORTING AREA
Sheriff's Offices 1,279
Rural Villages 101
5
i
1
:
1
!
1
«ock>
108
Rural Crime Trends, 1947
An increase of 7.1 percent was reflected in the reports of law en-
forcement agencies serving the rural areas in 1947 as compared with
a 5.1 percent decline in the cities. Each crime category except homi-
cides and auto thefts showed increases while in the urban areas only
two, rape and aggravated assault, rose over 1946.
All crimes against property declined in the urban communities
while in the rural areas burglary increased 13.7 percent; larceny, 10.6
percent; and robbery, 1.9 percent. Rape and aggravated assault
as reflected in the reports from rural areas rose 15.7 and 10.9 percent,
respectively, as compared with an urban increase of 2.9 percent for
rape and a 3.3 percent increase for aggravated assault.
The decline in rural criminal homicides and auto thefts was not as
sharp as that registered in the urban communities. Rural murders
were down 3.7 percent in 1947 and negligent manslaughter offenses
decreased 0.9 percent. Auto theft offenses dropped 15.1 percent in
the rural areas.
Table 41. — Trends in offenses known, rural areas, 1946-47
[Based on reports of 1,279 sheriffs, 101 rural village oflBcers, and 12 State Police organizations representing
combined population of 31,129,564. Population figures from 1940 decennial census]
Offense
Number of offenses
1946
1947
Percent
change
Total
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
Manslaughter by negligence
Rape
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Autotheft
141, 430
1,800
1,354
3,539
5,625
9,572
40, 606
57, 746
21, 188
161, 538
1,734
1,342
4,093
5,733
10, 612
46, 165
63,872
17, 987
+7.1
-3.7
-.9
+15.7
+1.9
+10.9
+13.7
+10.6
-16.1
109
Offenses Known in Territories and Possessions
Territories and possessions of the United States as well as conti-
nental police agencies forward crime reports to the FBI. In table
42 are presented the figures for the First, Second, and Fourth Judicial
Districts of Alaska; Honolulu City, and the counties of Honolulu,
Hawaii, and Kauai in the Territory of Hawaii; the Isthmus of Panama,
C. Z. ; and Puerto Rico. These data are from offense reports received
monthly from law enforcement agencies policing both rural and
urban areas, except that the figures for Honolulu City and County
are separated.
Table 42. — Number of offenses known in United States Territories and possessions,
1947
[Population figures from 1940 decermial census]
1
Mur-
der,
noneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
Larceny— theft
Jurisdiction reporting
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Over
$50
Under
$50
Auto
theft
Alaska:
First judicial division (Juneau), popula-
9
6
10
8
69
23
3
9
751
18
21
4
113
1,302
149
49
189
2,224
26
14
44
23
461
54
7
100
549
28
11
53
267
2,040
210
54
1,144
5,808
2
Second judicial division (Nome) , popula-
tion, 11,877; number of offenses known_.
1
9
2
53
10
13
107
4
Fourth judicial division (Fairbanks),
population, 16,094; number of offenses
known .. . -
3
3
9
7
1
6
291
9
Hawaii:
Hawaii County, population, 73,276; num-
19
Honolulu City, population, 179,326; num-
ber of offenses known
292
Honolulu County, population, 78,898;
number of offenses known
39
Kauai County, population, 35,818; num-
7
Isthmus ol Panama: Canal Zone, population,
51,827; number of offenses known . -
42
Puerto Rico: population, 1,869,255; number of
offenses known
29
no
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Ill
Estimated Number of Major Crimes, 1947
With the passing of each hour on the average during 1947, 12 per-
sons were raped, feloniously assaulted, or killed. During the same
time, 49 others were held up and robbed or had their places burglarized
and 21 others had their cars stolen. In addition to the foregoing,
there were 108 other thefts committed each average hour. A serious
crime was recorded every 18.9 seconds during the year.
The estimated number of serious crimes in the United States during
1947 is presented below in table 43 and the data are based on monthly
crime reports received from over 4,000 law enforcement agencies in
communities representing more than 104 million inhabitants, includ-
ing both urban and rural areas. While the larceny figures include
minor thefts, a number of serious crimes such as embezzlement, fraud,
arson, and the like were not included in the tabulation. The esti-
mated fotal number of serious crimes committed is therefore con-
sidered conservative.
Table 43. — Estimated number of major crimes in the United States, 1947
Total 1,665, 110
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter 7, 760
Manslaughter by negligence 5, 770
Rape 17, 180
Robbery 58, 100
Aggravated assault 74, 690
Burglary 373,450
Larceny 943, 430
Auto theft 184. 730
112
Q
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1 to
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00
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ACH t
107
•
•9
S
«
UJ
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT RECORDS
Source of Data
Fingerprint arrest records totaling 734,041 were examined by the
FBI during 1947 to obtain the age, sex, race, and previous criminal
history of persons represented. This is the largest number of arrest
records examined during any single year since the tabulation of
fingerprints was started by the F B I in 1932, exceeding the 645,431
prints handled in 1946 by 13.7 percent. The arrest records received
during the past 10 years were as follows:
1 Year
Number of
arrests
Year
Number of
arrests
1938
554, 376
576, 920
609, 013
630, 568
585,988
1943 1
490 764
1939
1944
488 979
1940
1945
543,852
645 431
1941
1946
1942
1947
734, 041
The compilation has been limited to instances of arrests for viola-
tions of State laws and municipal ordinances. Fingerprint cards
representing arrests for violations of Federal laws or representing
commitments to any type of penal institutions were excluded.
These data obviously do not include all persons arrested, since
there are individuals taken into custody for whom no fingerprint
cards are forwarded to Washington. The number of persons arrested
should not be treated as information regarding the number of offenses
committed. For example, two or more persons may be involved in
the joint commission of a single offense, or one person may be arrested
and charged with the commission of several separate crimes.
Offense Charged
Arrests for major violations numbered 300,435, or more than 40
percent of the records examined during 1947. Persons charged with
murder, robbery, assault, burglary, larceny, and auto theft numbered
206,809, constituting 28.2 percent of the total arrests for the year.
Sex
Women arrested numbered 75,391, constituting 10.3 percent of the
total arrest records. This is an increase of 9.7 percent over the 68,742
females arrested during 1946.
Male arrests increased from 576,689 in 1946 to 658,650 in 1947 or
14.2 percent.
(113)
114
1
^. 9,196 15,064 22,508 25,220 26,173 29,747 28,986 26,978 25,ll4
CHART NUMBER OF ARRESTS PER AGE
ber of Males Arrested
Ages 16 to S4
.ED FROM FINGERPRINT CARDS JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 1947
1
CO
CM
1
CM
CM
1
CM
O
CM
a
00
/::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::v^
/::::::x*:::-::x:x':-:::::::::v::::::::x':v:^
^^^^^^M
^^^^^^^
^^^^^^M
1
1
1
^^^^^^
^^^^M
DATA COMPIl
115
Table 44. — Distribution of arrests by sex, 1947
Offense charged
Number
Total
Male
Female
Percent
Total
Male
Fe-
male
Total
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children, _
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws. _.
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
734, 041
658, 650
75, 391
6,571
21, 509
58, 094
38, 128
64, 213
18. 294
17. 332
3.189
1.029
8,282
9.742
9.712
17, 878
3,388
12. 339
13. 101
7.523
38. 325
7,420
95
6,978
50, 840
174, 722
43. 487
16. 081
47, 029
6,616
32, 124
5, 8.31
20. 545
52. 6.35
37, 093
56, 237
17, 881
15, 621
2,919
928
7,256
9,742
3,896
14, 495
3.056
11. 753
12. 335
6.403
36, 772
7,288
95
6,786
44, 014
158, 973
35. 697
14. 920
41. 999
5,838
27,642
740
964
5.459
1. 035
7.976
413
1,711
270
101
1,026
5,816
3,383
332
586
766
1.120
1,553
132
192
6,826
15, 749
7,790
1.161
5,030
778
4,482
100.0
0.9
2.9
7.9
5.2
8.8
2.5
2.4
.4
.1
1.1
1.3
1.3
2.4
.5
1.7
1.8
1.0
5.2
1.0
0)
1.0
6.9
23.9
5.9
2.2
6.4
.9
4.4
100.0
0.9
3.1
8.0
5.6
8.5
2.2
.5
1.8
1.9
1.0
5.6
1.1
0)
1.0
6.7
24.1
5.4
2.3
6.4
.9
4.2
100.0
1.0
1.3
7.2
1.4
10.6
.5
2.3
.4
.1
1.4
7.7
4.5
.4
.8
1.0
1.5
2.1
.2
9.1
20.8
10.3
1.5
6.7
1.0
5.9
Less than Ho of 1 percent.
116
r
1 . — .^ — — — '
885 1,497 3,012 3,312 3,260 4,029 4,479 4,096 3,522
CHART NUMBER OF ARRESTS PER AGE
Number of Females Arrested
Ages 16 to 24
DATA COMPILED FROM FINGERPRINT CARDS JANUARY 1 - DECEMBER 31, 1947
1"
1
1
1
CM
1
O
CM
1
o>
1
00
1
1
Jllllllll
^^^^^
1^^^^^^^
^^^^M
IJH^^^^^
■ «^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^iM
>K;:g:H:!:;:!:S:i:|
N|||||
/pi N^^^^^B^^^^^I
^^krr^^^^^^^^^^^^l
117
Age
For the second consecutive year age 21 predominated in the fre-
quency of arrests. During the period 1939-41 age 19 h^d the other
individual ages, while 18 was first in 1942 and 1943. Accentuating
the juvenile trend evident in the early Forties, more persons aged 17
were arrested during the last two war years (1944-45) than were
persons in any other single age group. However, the predominate
age jumped to 21 in 1946 and continued in that group in 1947.
The following tabulation gives the number of arrests during 1947
for the leading age groups for males and females combined:
Age
Number of
arrests
21
33, 776
22
33, 465
23
31,074
20
29, 433
24
28, 636
The pattern noted above was identical for male arrests, except that
age 19 was higher than 24. The highest number of female arrests
occurred at age 22 followed by ages 23, 21, 24 and 19, in that order.
Arrests of boys under 21 increased 10.5 percent in 1947 over the
previous year, while female arrests in this group declined 6.6 percent.
However, there were still thirty percent more girls arrested in 1947
than in 1941.
The total number of males and females under 21 arrested during
1947 reached 117,861 or 16.1 percent of all arrests. There were, in
addition, 126,951 (17.3 percent) between the ages of 21 and 24, making
a total of 244,812 (33.4 percent) less than 25 years old. Arrests of
persons 25 to 29 years old numbered 119,357 (16.2 percent), resulting
in a grand total of 364,169 (49.6 percent) arrests of persons under 30
years of age. In this connection the number of arrest records is
doubtless incomplete in the lower age groups because of the practice of
some jurisdictions not to fingerprint youthful offenders.
118
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Table
46. — Number and percentage of arrests of persons under 25 years of age, 1947
Offense charged
Total
number
of persons
arrested
Number
under 18
years of
age
Number
under 21
years of
Total
number
under 25
years of
Percent-
age under
18 years
of age
Percent-
age under
21 years
of age
Total
percent-
age under
25 years
of age
Total .--
Criminal homicide
Robbery
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, re-
ceiving, etc
Arson
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercial-
ized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc
Offenses against family and
children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
Parking violations
Other traffic and motor vehicle
laws
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
Not stated
All other offenses
734. 041
34, 376
117, 861
244, 812
4.7
6.571
21. 509
58. 094
38. 128
64, 213
18. 294
17, 332
3.189
1.029
8.282
9.742
9,712
17, 878
3,388
12, 339
13. 101
7.523
38,325
7,420
95
6.978
50. 840
174, 722
43. 487
16. 081
47. 029
6,616
32. 124
2.31
1,394
1,288
6,967
5, 9.34
3.390
131
96
363
714
151
442
50
623
56
91
219
215
1
209
1,-321
984
1,689
129
3. 545
219
3,664
815
6.051
6.620
14, 955
16. 639
8,564
1,435
214
1,331
2,809
994
2,235
572
2,352
642
780
2,200
1,380
1,386
7,463
9,400
7,506
710
10,918
977
8,317
1,929
11,973
16.920
22, 841
28. 949
13. 137
4.049
1.073
382
2.915
5.073
3. .381
5, .593
1,254
4,997
2,601
1, 7.32
7.814
3,229
36
3,042
17, 735
29. 174
1.5. 425
2.296
20.904
2.100
14, 258
3.5
6.5
2.2
18.3
9.2
18.5
1.5
4.1
9.3
4.4
7.3
1.6
2.5
1.5
5.0
1.2
.6
2.9
1.1
3.0
2.6
.6
3.9
.8
7.5
3.3
11.4
16.1
12.4
28.1
11.4
.39.2
2.5.9
46.8
8.3
18.4
20.8
16.1
28.8
10.2
12.5
16.9
19.1
4.9
10.4
5.7
18.6
8.4
19.9
14.7
5.4
17.3
4.4
23.2
14.8
25.9
33.4
29.4
5.5.7
29.1
59.9
4.5.1
71.8
23.4
33. 6
37.1
35. 2
52.1
34.8
31.3
37.0
40.5
19.9
23.0
20.4
43. 5
37.9
43.6
34.9
16.7
35.5
14.3
44.4
31.7
44.4
There were 49,777 arrests of persons under 21 in 1947 for crimes
against property or 28.9 percent of the 171,976 arrests for such crimes
(robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft, embezzlement, fraud, forgery,
counterfeiting, receiving stolen property, and arson).
The extent of the predominance of youths in the commission of
crimes against property is further indicated by the following figures:
During 1947, 33.4 percent of all persons arrested were less than 25
years of age. However, persons less than 25 years old numbered 55.7
percent of those charged with robbery, 59.9 percent of those charged
with burglary, 45.1 percent of those charged with larceny, and 71.8
percent of those charged with auto theft. One-half of all crimes
against property during 1947 were committed by persons under 25
years of age.
Criminal Repeaters
Prior fingerprint arrest records were on file for 406,939 (55.4 percent)
of the 734,041 arrest records received during the year. For males the
percentage of recidivism was 56.8 and for females the percentage was
43 . 1 . These figures pertain to fingerprint arrest records and in no way
relate to the Civil Identification Files of the FBI.
120
121
Table 47. — Percentage with -previous finger -print record, arrests, 194'i
Offense
Percent
Offense
Percent
Narcotic drug laws
72.1
67.0
60.2
63.8
62.8
61.3
57.4
55.1
52.4
52.3
52.3
52.2
50.9
50.1
Offenses against family and children.
JLiquor laws .
49.3
Vagrancy,-- .
Forgery and counterfeiting _.. ..-
Gambling
48 5
Drunkenness
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc...
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Arson
47.6
45.9
44 2
Robbery
Burglary— breaking or entering - .
Parking violations i
Driving while intoxicated . .
44.2
43.7
Larceny— theft
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Criminal homicide .
43 4
All other offenses
Rape
43 1
Assault
Other traffic and motor vehicle laws
Other sex ofTenses
42 8
Auto theft
41
Suspicion . ---.-. .. .-
Violation of road and driving laws
1
33.8
1 Only 95 fingerprint cards received representing arrests for violation of parking regulations.
Arrests Outside of State of Birth
Information from the 1940 decennial census indicates that 22.4
percent of the native population resided outside of their State of birth.
The study of arrest records disclosed that 50.3 percent of all the persons
arrested and fingerprinted during 1947 were arrested outside of their
State of birth. The figures for males and females were generally
quite similar, for males 50.4 percent and for females 49.7 percent.
Race
Members of the white and Negro races accounted for most of the
arrest records examined. Includmg Mexicans, who numbered 20,330,
members of the white race represented 536,695 of the 734,041 records
received, while 187,781 were Negroes, 6,040 were Indians, 423 were
Chinese, 154 Japanese and 2,948 were representatives of other races.
122
Table 48. — Arrests by race, 1947
Total, all
races
Race
Offense charged
White
Negro
Indian
Chinese
Japanese
All others
Total
734, 041
536, 695
187, 781
6,040
423
164
2,948
6,571
21, 509
58. 094
38. 128
64, 213
18, 294
17, 332
3,189
1.029
8.282
9.742
9.712
17. 878
3,388
12,339
13, 101
7,523
38. 325
7,420
95
6,978
50, 840
174, 722
43. 487
16, 081
47, 029
6,616
32, 124
3. 555
12, 806
31, 863
26, 415
42, 812
14, 909
15, 005
2,151
782
6,996
6,731
6, 108
14, 541
2,167
5,945
10, 729
4,691
34, 570
5,872
59
5,244
36,016
143,350
32, 534
8, 087
32, 954
5,094
24, 710
2,959
8,515
25, 759
11,452
20, 895
3, 197
2,238
1.021
241
1.201
2,917
3,460
3,178
1,120
6, 305
2,250
2,772
3, 314
1,498
36
1,652
14, 229
27, 519
10,218
7,722
13, 658
1,388
7,067
31
92
234
144
303
115
50
11
4
55
49
81
94
9
33
65
36
275
27
4
15
24
14
18
7
5
4
22
Robbery.. .-
2
7
6
10
3
1
79
Assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
207
97
175
63
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, re-
33
2
o
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercial-
ized vice
5
7
11
8
62
18
2
4
4
6
4
1
5
6
3
2
1
3
10
21
37
47
51
Narcotic drug laws
27
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc
36
Offenses against family and
children
54
17
Driving while intoxicated
Road and driving laws
152
17
Other traffic and motor vehicle
laws
46
387
2,922
465
11
262
67
172
1
9
33
31
67
21
4
39
4
2
26
11
30
5
3
9
31
198
Drunkenness
872
228
Gambling
164
129
Not stated
60
All other offenses
127
OFFENSE CLASSIFICATIONS
In order to indicate more clearly the types of offenses included in part I and
part II offenses, there follows a brief definition of each classification:
Part I Offenses
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter includes all
willful felonious homicides as distinguished from deaths caused by negligence.
Does not include attempts to kill, assaults to kill, suicides, accidental deaths, or
justifiable homicides. Justifiable homicides excluded from this classification are
limited to the following types of cases: (1) The killing of a felon by a peace oflicer
in line of duty; (2) The killing of a hold-up man by a private citizen. (6) Man-
slaughter by negligence includes any death which the police investigation estab-
lishes was primarily attributable to gross negligence on the part of some individual
other than the victim,
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape (no force used — victim under
age of consent) , assault to rape, and attempted rape.
3. Robbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the person by
force or violence or by putting in fear, such as strong-arm robbery, stick-ups,
robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and attempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault by shooting,
cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by the use of acids. Does not
include simple assault, assault and battery, fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreaking, safe-
cracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or a theft, even though no force
was used to gain entrance. Includes attempts. Burglary followed by larceny
is included in this classification and not counted again as larceny.
6. Larceny — theft (except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in value; (6)
under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassifications, depending
upon the value of the property stolen, thefts of bicycles, automobile accessories,
shoplifting, pocket-picking, or any stealing of property or article of value which
is not taken by force and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement,
"con" games, forgery, worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or driven away
and abandoned, including the so-called joy-riding thefts. Does not include tak-
ing for temporary use when actually returned by the taker, or unauthorized use
by those having lawful access to the vehicle.
Part II offenses
8. Other assaults. — Includes all assaults and attempted assaults which are not
of an aggravated nature and which do not belong in class 4.
9. Forgery and counterfeiting. — Includes offenses dealing with the making,
altering, uttering, or possessing, with intent to defraud, anything false which is
made to appear true. Includes attempts.
10. Embezzlement and fraud. — Includes all offenses of fraudulent conversion,
embezzlement, and obtaining money or property by false pretenses.
11. Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing. — Includes buying, receiving,
and possessing stolen property as well as attempts to commit any of those offenses.
(123)
124
12. Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc. — Includes all violations of regulations or
statutes controlling the carrying, using, possessing, furnishing, and manufac-
turing of deadly weapons or silencers and all attempts to violate such statutes or
regulations.
13. Prostitution and commercialized vice. — Includes sex offenses of a commer-
cialized nature, or attempts to commit the same, such as prostitution, keeping
bawdy house, procuring, transporting, or detaining women for immoral purposes.
14. Sex offenses (except rape and prostitution and commercialized vice). — In-
cludes offenses against chastity, common decency, morals, and the like. Includes
attempts.
15. Offenses against the family and children. — Includes offenses of nonsupport,
neglect, desertion, or abuse of family and children.
16. Narcotic drug laws. — Includes offenses relating to narcotic drugs, such as
unlawful possession, sale, or use. Excludes Federal offenses,
17. Liquor laws. — With the exception of "drunkenness" (class 18) and "driving
while intoxicated" (class 22), liquor law violations. State or local, are placed in
this class. Excludes Federal violations.
18. Drunkenness. — Includes all offenses of drunkenness or intoxication.
19. Disorderly conduct. — Includes all charges of committing a breach of the
peace.
20. Vagrancy. — Includes such offenses as vagabondage, begging, loitering, etc.
21. Gambling .—IvLcXndG^ offenses of promoting, permitting, or engaging in
gambling.
22. Driving while intoxicated. — Includes driving or operating any motor vehicle
while drunk or under the influence of liquor or narcotics,
23. Violation of road and driving laws. Includes violations of regulations with
respect to the proper handling of a motor vehicle to prevent accidents.
24. Parking violations. ^IwcXxides violations of parking ordinances.
25. Other violations of traffic and motor vehicle laws. — Includes violations of
State laws and municipal ordinances with regard to traffic and motor vehicles
not otherwise provided for in classes 22-24.
26. AH other offenses. — Includes all violations of State or local laws for which
no provision has been made above in classes 1-25,
27. Suspicion. — This classification includes all persons arrested as suspicious
characters, but not in connection with any specific offense, who are released with-
out formal charges being placed against them.
INDEX TO VOLUME XVIII, UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
[All references are to page numbers]
Age of offenders. (See Arrests.)
Annual crime trends: Page
Cities grouped by size 81-82
Cities grouped by location ^ 81-82, 84-88
Estimated total number of major crimes, 1947 1 10-1 1 2
Long-term trends, 1938-47_ . __ 80-83
Rural crime trends 1 17-19,107-108
Arrests — based on fingerprint records 68-71, 1 13-122
Age of offenders 68-71, 116-119
Outsi'de State of birth 121
Race of offenders 71,121-122
Recidivism 71, 119, 121
Sex of offenders 68-69, 113, 115
Automobiles — percentage recovered 15-17, 104
Classification of offenses 2-3, 73-74, 76-77, 123,124
Cleared by arrest, offenses 49-53, 57, 59, 64-65
By geographic divisions 64-65
Crimes. {See Arrests, estimated number, offenses, persons charged,
persons found guilty, and persons released.)
Criminal repeaters. (See Arrests — recidivism.)
Employees, number of police. 20-48
Fingerprint records 68-71,113-122
Monthly variations, offenses known to the police 89-91
Offenses known to the police:
Annual trends • 7, 17-19, 80-88
Cities grouped by location 8-11, 92-95
Cities grouped by location and size 11,95
Cities grouped by size 4-5, 78-79
Cleared by arrests 49-53, 57,59, 64-65
Cleared by arrest, geographic divisions 64-65
Divided as to time and place and value of property stolen. _. 14-17, 103-105
Individual cities over 100,000 in population 12-14
Individual cities over 25,000 in population 96-103
Monthly variations 89-91
Rural areas 17-19,106-108
Territories and possessions of the United States 109
Persons charged (held for prosecution) 54-60, 64-67
By geographic divisions 64-67
Persons found guilty 57-60
Persons released (not held for prosecution) 61-63
Police department employees 20-48
Police killed 20-21
Possessions and Territories of the United States, offenses in 109
Property, value stolen 16-17, 105
(125)
126
Page
Property, value stolen and recovered 17, 105
Prosecution, persons held for. {See Persons charged and persons found
guilty.)
Race of offenders. {See Arrests.)
Recidivism. {See Arrests.)
Reporting area, extent of 77
Rural crime data 17-19, 105-108
Sex of offenders. {See Arrests.)
Sheriffs' reports 17-19, 106-108
State crime rates. {See Offenses known — cities grouped by location.)
State police reports 17-19, 106-108
Territories and possessions of the United States, offenses in 109
Trends, annual crime:
Cities grouped by size 81-82
Cities grouped by location 81-82, 84-88
Long-term trends, 1938-47 80-83
Value of property stolen 16-17, 105
Value of property stolen and recovered 17, 105
Variations, monthly crime 89-91
o
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