Given By
H S. SUPT. OF DOCUMENTS
3^
Boston Public Uhrarv
UNIFORM
CRIME
REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
ISSUED BY THE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
WASHINGTON, D. C
Volume XXV
SEMIANNUAL BULLETIN
Number I
1954
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
Volume XXV— Number 1
SEMIANNUAL BULLETIN, 1954
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
ADVISORY
International Association of Chiefs of Police
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1954
CONTENTS
Page
Summary of volume XXV, No. 1 1
Crime trends:
Estimated number of major crimes, January-June, 1953-54 (table 1). 2-3
Urban crime trends, January-June, 1953-54 (table 2) 4
Rural crime trends, January-June, 1953-54 (table 3) 4
Crime rates:
UrbaTi crime rates, January-June, 1954 — ^cities divided according to
population (table 4) 5-G
Urban crime rates, January-June, 1954 — cities divided according to
location (tables 5-7) 7-9
Rural crime rates, January-June, 1954 (table 8) 10
Offenses in individual areas:
Offenses in cities with more than 25,000 inhabitants (table 9). 11-19
Police employee data:
Police employees killed, 1953 (table 10) 20
Number of police employees per 1,000 inhabitants, April 30, 1954 —
cities grouped by size and location (tables 11, 12) 20-23
Police employees in individual cities, April 30, 1954 (tables 13, 14) 23-43
Offenses cleared and persons arrested:
Offenses cleared by arrest, 1953 — cities divided according to size
(table 15) 44-48
Offenses cleared by arrest, 1953- — cities divided according to location
(table 16) ' 47,49
Persons charged, 1953 — cities divided according to population (tables
17, 18) 50-53
Persons charged, 1953 — cities divided according to location (table
19) 54-55
Offenses known, offenses cleared, persons charged and persons found
guilty, 1953 — part I offense classes (table 20) 56-5S
Persons charged and persons found guilty, part II offense classes
(table 2 1 ) 57, 59-60
Persons released, 1953 — cities divided according to population (tables
22, 23) 61-63
Classification of offenses 64-66
(II)
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department
of Justice, Washington, D. C.
Volume XXV
JULY 1954
Number 1
SUMMARY
Crime Trends, January- June, 1954
Estimated total crime rose 8.5 percent the first half of 1954 over
the same period of 1953. The details are as follows:
Crime
United
States
Urban
Rural
TOTAL_
Murder
Negligent manslaughter.
Rape
Robbery
+8.5
+0.9
-3.9
-1.2
+20.4
+7.2
+11.9
Aggravated assault.
Burglary
Larceny
Auto theft
+13.2
+9.0
-2.3
-2.1
-6.4
+0.6
+22.6
-0.5
+11.8
+7.1
-2.7
+5.8
-0.6
-3.5
+10.8
+1.8
+16.7
+13.6
-0.8
Police Employees
Sixty-three police employees in 3,721 cities (98 percent of country's
urban population) were killed in line of duty during 1953. The rate
was 3.6 deaths per 5,000,000 inhabitants, the same as for 1952.
Police employees in the above 3,721 cities numbered 161,356 as of
April 30, 1954 (1.8 per 1,000 inhabitants), including 9.3 percent
civilians.
Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1953
Police cleared by arrest 1 out of 4 offenses reported to them for
investigation during 1953. Clearances for individual offense classes
were in the following percentages: murder, 93.7; negligent man-
slaughter, 84.2; rape, 79.1; aggravated assault, 73.6; robbery, 39.7;
larceny, 19.6; and auto theft, 26.0.
Persons Convicted, 1953
SLxty-seven out of every 100 persons arrested and formally charged
by police in 1953 were convicted in court. The percentage of persons
found guilty ranged from 44.2 for manslaughter to 89.4 for driving
while intoxicated.
(1)
CRIME TREND - U. S.
BASED ON THE ESTIMATED NUMBER
OF MAJOR CRIMES
la •■ June 1953 vs. Ian. •• June 1954
TOTAL —
Murder
Negligent
Manslaughter
3.9
Rape 1.2|
Robbery
Aggravated
Assault
Burglary
Larceny
Auto Theft 2.3 '^
Percent
Change
Vf<<!/iftiMmiii!f<fffm: tffXf^S-mxffiifS
0
+13.2
+ 9.0
+20.4
FBI CHART
Figure 1.
CRIME TRENDS
Estimated Number of Major Crimes, January- J line, 1953-54
The country's estimated crime total was up 8.5 percent for the
first half of 1954 as compared with January-June of the previous
year, while the Nation's population from the one June to the next
rose less than 2 percent/ Robberies jumped 20.4 percent during the
first 6 months of 1954 while burglaries rose 13.2 percent and larceny,
9 percent.
Estimated murder figures rose only 0.9 percent and aggravated
assaults showed no change at all. Rape offenses declined 1.2 percent
and auto theft and negligent manslaughter were down 2.3 percent
and 3.9 percent, respectively.
The estimated crime total for the first half of the year was 1,136,140
Part I offenses, 88,850 more than the figure for the same period of 1953.
During an average day in the first half of 1954, 35 people in the
United States were feloniously slain, 48 rapes occurred and 252 other
felonious assaults were committed. Every day on the average during
the first 6 months, 197 robberies and 1,454 burglaries were committed.
This was in addition to 3,683 other larcenies and 608 car thefts daily
according to estimated totals.
The basis for the estimates for 1954 presented in table 1 were the
usable reports received from the police serving approximately 84
percent of the urban population and 61 percent of the rural population.
In building up the figures to 100 percent it was necessary to estimate
only for a small portion of the country. However, some adjustments
were made for the rural area to make up for calculated incompleteness
in some categories.
Table 1.— CRIME TRENDS, URBAN AND RURAL
[Estimated number of major crimes in the United States, January-June, 1953-54]
Ofifense
TOTAL
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
Manslaughter by neghgence
Rape
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary —breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Number of offenses
January-June
1953
1, 047, 290
3,390
3,080
8,860
29, 610
45, 630
232, 510
611,610
112,600
1, 136, 140
3,420
2,960
8,750
35, 650
45, 630
263, 120
666, 550
110,060
Change
Number Percent
-1-88, 850
-1-30
-120
-no
-t-6, 040
-f30, 610
-1-54, 940
-2, 540
+8.5
-1-0.9
-3.9
-1.2
-1-20.4
-f-13.2
-1-9.0
-2.3
1 Census Bureau estimates show total population, June 1, 1953, at 159,410,000 and a year later 162,187,000.
Population estimates dated July 12, 1954, Series P-25, Number 96.
(3)
Crime Trends, Urban-Rural, January-June, 1953-54
The total reported crime as shown in the reports of police serving
rural areas rose 11.9 percent the first half of 1954 as compared with
a 7.2 percent rise in the total for inban communities.
Rural burglaries and larcenies jumped 16.7 and 13.6 percent,
respectively, as compared with an 11.8 percent rise in urban burglaries
and a 7.1 percent increase in urban larcenies. Robberies, which rose
22.6 percent in urban communities, increased only 10.8 percent in
the rural communities. For murder the urban and rural trends were
substantially different. The urban murder figure declined 2.1 percent
and the rural data increased 5.8 percent.
Negligent manslaughter decreased in both urban and rural areas,
6.4 percent in the cities and 0.6 percent in the rural communities.
Rape offenses, which showed little change in the cities ( + 0.6 percent),
declined 3.5 percent in the rural areas. Urban aggravated assault
decreased only 0.5 percent while rural offenses in this category showed
a slight rise of 1.8 percent. Auto theft in the cities declined 2.7
percent but were down only 0.8 percent in the rural districts.
The rural and urban crime trend data are presented in tables 2
and 3 below. The reports of identical agencies were used for January-
June of 1953 and 1954.
Table 2.— URBAN CRIME TRENDS, JANUARY-JUNE, 1953-54
[Offenses known to the police in 2,287 cities, total population 74,681,937 based on 1950 decennial census]
Offense
TOTAL
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
Manslaughter by negligence
Rape
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Number of offenses
January-June
1953
644, 537
1,735
1,255
4.310
22, 291
30, 771
150, 607
361,777
71, 791
1954
690. 839
1,699
1,175
4, 334
27, 334
30,018
168, 309
387, 547
69, 823
Change
Number Percent
+46,302
-36
-80
+24
+5,043
-153
+17, 702
+25. 770
-1,968
+7.2
-2.1
-6.4
+0.6
+22.6
-0.5
+11.8
+7.1
-2.7
Table 3.— RURAL CRIME TRENDS, JANUARY- JUNE, 1953-54
[Based on reports of 1,412 sheriffs, 105 rural village olBcers, and 11 State police; total rural population, 37,
686,075 based on the 1950 decennial census]
Offense
TOTAL... _
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
Manslaughter by negligence
Rape
Robbery.
Aggravated assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Number of offenses
January-June
1953
114,336
815
967
2,318
3,291
6,351
37, 877
51,406
11,311
127, 982
862
961
2.238
3,645
0,463
44, 190
68,407
11,216
Change
Number
+13,646
+47
-6
-80
+354
+ 112
+6.313
+7. 001
-95
Percent
+ll.»i(
+5.»i
-o.«n
+10.
+1.
+ 13.(1
-0.8
CRIME RATES
Urban Crime Rates, January-June, 1954
Crime rates are calculated on the basis of the number of loiown
offenses per 100,000 inhabitants, and the data for the first half of 1954
are presented in tables 4-6 for urban communities. The rates are
based on the reports of 2,459 cities representing 78,768,084 inhabitants.
Table 4 shows the data for these cities grouped according to size.
Table 5 presents the crime rates for individual States, and in table 6
may be found the crime rates for the various population groups within
each of the 9 geographic divisions. The urban crime rate tables are
supported by table 7 which shows the details on the number of cities
used in compiling the tabulations.
Generally, the larger cities report substantially higher crime rates
than the smaller communities. Also, a marked variation in rates will
be found for the different sections of the country. In making any
comparison between the rates of various city groups or the rates of an
individual community with the averages for other cities of comparable
size or location, it should be remembered that the 1950 decennial
census figures were used in all of these tabulations. These figures
were used since more recent population data for the individual
reporting communities are not available. The Census Bureau esti-
mates reflect a growth in population of the United States since the
1950 census and indications are that if 1954 population data were
available for individual communities, the crime rates would have been
approximately 5 percent lower on the average than shown.
(5)
Table 4.— URBAN CRIME RATES, JANUARY-JUNE, 1954, BY POPU-
LATION GROUPS
[Offenses known to the police and rate per 100,000 inhabitants. Population figures based on 1950 decennial-
census]
Population group
TOTAL, GROUPS I-VI
2,459 cities: total population, 78,708,084:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP I
40 cities over 250,000, total population,
34,524,513:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP II
63 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total popula-
tion, 9,334,520:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP III
128 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total popula-
tion, 9,067,789:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
239 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total popula-
tion, 8,457,471.
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
GROUP V
653 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total popula-
tion, 10,089,049:
Number of offenses known.. _.
Rate per 100,000...
GROUP VI
1,336 cities under 10,000; total population,
7,294,742:
Number of offenses known
Rate per 100,000
Criminal
homicide
Mur-
der,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
1,813
2.3
1.021
3.0
263
2.8
166
1.8
132
1.6
133
1.3
1.3
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
1,285
1.6
763
2.2
142
1.5
128
1.4
129
1.5
Rape
4,654
6.9
3,108
9.0
458
4.9
338
3.7
250
3.0
288
2.9
212
2.9
Rob-
bery
29,262
37.1
22, 372
64.8
2, 657
28.5
1,474
16.3
1,093
12.9
1.071
10.6
595
8.2
Aggra-
vated
assault
31,915
40.5
20. 504
59.6
3,632
38.9
3,126
34.5
1,781
21.1
1,722
17.1
1,090
14.9
Bur-
glary,
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny,
theft
177, 888
225.8
95, 358
276.2
24, 252
259.8
18,043
199.0
14. 961
176.9
16,223
160.8
9,051
124.1
401,298
509.5
182.939
529.9
54,503
583.9
46,998
518.3
44,530
526.5
47, 515
471.0
24, 813
340.1
Auto
theft
73, 766
93.6
43, 470
125.9
9,581
102.6
6,964
76.7
,■5,387
63.7
5,280
52.3
3,088
42.3
Table 5.— URBAN CRIME RATES, JANUARY-JUNE, 1954, BY GEO-
GRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND STATES
[Offenses known per 100,000 inhabitants.
Population based on 1950 decennial census]
Division and State
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary,
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny,
theft
Auto
theft
TOTAL . .
2.3
37.1
40.5
225.8
509.5
93.6
New England .
.6
8.0
6.6
131.2
296.0
58.5
Connecticut ... .
.9
1.5
.5
.4
.5
9.3
4.1
9.0
2.6
5.5
2.9
39.9
12.0
4.4
5.6
3.0
6.9
155.2
91.0
126.2
74.2
171.3
79.4
218.2
308.6
301.4
287.2
241.8
349.9
264.5
354.3
61.3
Maine .
32.1
Massachusetts
63.4
New Hampshire .
21.8
Rhode Island
58.5
Vermont
35.8
Middle Atlantic
1.6
33.8
74.5
New Jersey
1.2
1.6
1.9
2.0
17.3
48.8
35.1
48.2
22.8
42.4
22.7
32.9
178.3
245.5
186.1
190.2
310.3
397.9
291.7
489.9
69.5
New York
73.7
Pennsylvania
79.0
East North Central
81.0
Illinois. ..
2.7
1.3
2.2
1.9
.7
1.4
77.7
28.0
55.0
30.4
6.8
30.5
41.5
19.5
56.7
17.8
9.2
28.1
200.6
219.6
238.0
168.6
78.4
188.4
325.0
547.7
705.7
511.5
441.8
494.7
65.8
Indiana
92.1
Michigan
136.5
Ohio
62.7
Wisconsin . . .
48.6
West North Central .
83.1
Iowa ..
.3
2.0
.3
2.8
.9
7.9
19.4
23.2
63.0
11.6
4.2
2.3
29.6
4.4
30.3
5.5
66.8
10.7
.6
2.8
107.8
144.0
231.2
182.4
238.4
115.4
80.7
81.0
271.2
455.6
571.6
471.8
511.7
496.3
483.6
386.6
582.6
45.7
Kansas .
64.4
Minnesota . .
69.8
Missouri. .. . . .
132.3
Nebraska ..
72.0
North Dakota .
49.1
South Dakota .. .
26.4
South Atlantic '
4.5
120.0
Delaware .
1.6
4.4
7.2
3.9
3.9
3.4
5.1
1.2
6.0
20.4
43.8
21.9
34.5
13.2
12.7
33.6
9.9
24.6
10.2
52.8
106.3
74.8
161.7
50.2
118.0
24.9
56.1
265.8
472.1
261.8
238.9
207.7
248.8
245.1
132.3
246.2
677.9
799.7
515.9
519.1
467.1
630. 3
693.4
308.2
388.7
122.7
Florida.. _ . ..... ...
123.5
Georgia .
126.0
Maryland ..
229.9
North Carolina
68.1
South Carolina
77.4
Virginia
120.7
West Virginia
54.7
East South Central
97.2
Alabama.
6.3
4.5
4.1
7.8
4.7
17.4
42.3
8.3
25.0
24.6
56.8
70.1
32.9
55.1
40.2
280.7
271.4
177.1
226.0
256.9
384.6
541.2
288.4
323.2
625.2
63.1
Kentucky ... ...
159.0
Mississippi
50.8
Tennessee
101.7
West South Central
129.0
.Arkansas _ .
3.7
4.8
2.6
5.3
2.4
29.6
35.0
18.6
22.9
33.2
40.2
43.5
19.4
45.0
24.8
223.3
143.0
253.3
291.1
319.8
471.3
354.7
658.7
703.4
909.1
53. 7
Louisiana
213.3
Oklahoma
92.7
Texas.
125.4
Mountain. .
130.8
Arizona ...
5.2
1.9
.5
2.8
10.2
2.7
.8
.9
1.6
54.6
44.3
5.2
34.1
87.0
22.5
12.7
13.5
52.2
57.6
24.0
7.6
38.6
21.8
25.1
11.0
18.0
43.5
503.1
358.1
193.4
166.4
711.5
360.6
218.5
152.8
326.3
1, 670. 1
784.2
923.0
748.1
1, 534. 2
692.3
813.2
609.2
902.5
264.3
Colorado . ..
113.7
Idaho .
67 6
Montana . .
121.0
Nevada . _.
230.3
New Mexico . ...
151.4
Utah...
108.0
Wyoming... ... ..
71.0
Pacific.
144.8
California
1.7
1.2
1.8
58.7
26.1
29.9
52.2
14.2
10.9
344.0
267.6
258.6
931.0
756.3
823.9
159.0
Oregon. .
64.0
Washington
109.9
1 Includes the District of Columbia.
313691°— 54 2
8
Table 6.— URBAN CRIME RATES, JANUARY-JUNE, 1954, BY GEO-
GRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND POPULATION GROUPS
[Offenses known per 100,000 inhabitants. Population based on 1950 decennial census]
Division and group
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary,
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Larceny,
theft
Auto
theft
TOTAL
2.3
37.1
40.5
225.8
509.5
93.6
.6
8.0
6.6
131.2
296.0
58.5
.4
.8
.5
.3
.8
.3
1.6
20.2
11.7
.5.3
4.5
2.1
.9
39.9
16.7
11.3
3.4
1.5
2.2
2.0
33.8
95.7
172.9
137.5
118.2
111.4
87.8
218.2
298.1
343.8
314.8
274.1
248.0
198.7
354.3
130.5
79.2
Group III -
46.5
Group IV
30.7
24.9
23.3
74.5
2.2
1.1
1.3
.4
.7
.5
2.0
62.2
10.9
11.1
5.6
7.5
3.8
48.2
49.7
16.6
17.0
10.0
7.6
4.2
82.9
286.2
158.2
143.4
123.9
100.9
83.9
190.2
406.3
288.7
292.0
311.7
277.7
228.8
489.9
94.4
67.8
Group III - -
58.5
Group VI
39.6
36.0
Group VI -- - -
32.0
81.0
3.1
2.1
1.5
.7
.6
.8
1.4
83.5
33.5
17.9
13.2
11.7
8.2
30.5
.52.2
34.5
25.6
10.1
6.8
4.3
28.1
223.7
225.8
172.2
157.8
145.3
111.0
188.4
507.0
558.7
525.7
502.6
494.0
288.9
494.7
104.0
Group II
84.7
72.3
62.3
Group V
49.8
34.9
83.1
2.5
2.2
.3
.2
.5
.2
4.5
63.8
25.0
10.3
8.8
4.3
4.8
29.6
57.6
31.2
13.8
4.0
3.6
2.3
107.8
257.3
288.8
147.4
109.0
130.7
86.0
271.2
565.7
662.1
555.7
462.5
414.9
252.0
582.6
143. 1
84.4
46.0
47.7
35.0
27.5
South Atlantic '
120.0
5.5
4.8
3.9
4.0
3.3
4.4
6.0
40.4
50.9
19.1
16.9
9.3
13.8
24.6
156.7
100.4
95.6
81.3
76.5
76.9
56.1
255.4
387.2
254.9
250.1
226.3
181.7
246.2
558.5
726.4
585. 1
666.0
491.1
346.9
388.7
178.8
147.2
Group III - -
94.2
82.5
66.6
53.0
East South Central
97.2
5.9
9.3
4.4
6.6
5.0
2.1
4.7
36.3
29.7
16.4
12.9
13.1
11.1
24.6
68.6
41.0
81.0
63.0
48.2
27.5
40.2
301.7
293.1
254.8
174. 9
188.7
117.6
256.9
450.4
430.4
437.6
398.6
276.2
194.2
625.2
125.7
129.5
80.7
52.3
Group V
69.4
39. 2
West South Central
129.0
7.4
3.2
4.3
4.1
1.4
3.4
2.4
38.0
32.1
15.0
17.2
6.3
8.7
33.2
45.5
49.5
57.7
27.3
24.6
22.1
24.8
327.8
342. 6
229.8
218.3
135. 4
104.3
319.8
682.7
856.4
699.8
627.8
426.8
237.4
909.1
221.0
121.0
Group III -
103. 9
70. S
40.2
27.8
Mountain..
130.8
2.4
3.8
1.4
2.4
2.6
1.6
1.6
67.8
40.1
24.8
32.1
16.9
13.5
52.2
35.8
40.1
28.0
24.9
9.6
14.2
43.5
471.4
396.6
364.9
295.1
215.3
205.6
326.3
768.2
1,317.9
869.9
1, 094. 4
872.4
660.9
902.5
141. 9
198. 7
Group III
167.7
142.9
93.0
76. 3
Pacific - -
144.8
1.8
1.4
1.1
1.9
1.4
1.5
72.8
35.8
38.0
26.7
28.8
15.1
68.4
9.2
21.1
18.6
14.7
14.3
358.5
242.7
335. 3
317.6
306.0
224. 5
850.5
954.7
937.0
1, 039. 2
989.9
859. 4
178.0
94.2
Group III -
122. 1
120.6
104.9
94.1
1 Includes the District of Columbia.
9
Table 7.— NUMBER OF CITIES IN EACH POPULATION GROUP, GEO-
GRAPHIC DIVISION, AND STATE REPRESENTED IN THE URBAN
CRIME RATE TABULATIONS FOR JANUARY-JUNE 1954 (TABLES
4-6)
TOTAL
Population group
Division and State
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
TOTAL:
Population, 78,768,084
2,459
40
63
128
239
653
1 336
New England:
Population, 6,210,070
172
1
11
18
30
61
51
Connecticut
23
19
87
16
16
11
520
4
2
1
11
1
3
9
2
14
2
2
1
45
2
8
39
5
6
136
6
Maine
g
Massachusetts . . _
1
6
16
New Hampshire .--
8
Rhode Island _ -
1
4
Vermont .. . _
9
Middle Atlantic:
Population, 20,814,605
7
11
24
297
New Jersey -
136
171
213
592
2
3
2
9
4
4
3
10
8
6
10
31
16
16
13
63
40
42
54
142
66
New York. _
100
Pennsylvania
131
East North Central:
Population, 18,709,081
337
146
78
115
172
81
270
1
1
1
5
1
5
1
4
2
3
10
4
7
6
4
9
14
9
9
19
12
18
39
18
32
39
14
73
81
Indiana.
42
Michigan
64
Ohio
100
50
West North Central :
Population, 6,168,371
4
161
Iowa
57
49
64
46
26
13
15
252
1
2
1
4
1
7
1
3
4
9
19
16
15
7
3
4
61
36
Kansas.
26
2
2
1
42
2
1
23
Nebraska
17
North Dakota . ...
2
1
27
8
South Dakota .
1
20
9
South Atlantic :
Population, 7,850,420
3
9
132
Delaware .
4
1
51
32
18
57
25
40
24
110
1
3
District of Columbia
1
3
1
2
3
7
3
2
5
1
5
4
12
10
8
7
17
5
9
5
27
29
Georgia
1
1
16
8
1
5
3
4
3
4
29
South Carolina
16
Virginia . .
3
19
12
East South Central :
Population, 3, 165,064
3
5
59
Alabama
27
34
23
26
167
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
5
2
13
7
6
8
6
51
13
Kentucky
23
Mississippi
9
1
4
3
6
14
West South Central :
Population, 5,133,867
8
85
20
22
32
93
122
1
3
2
4
4
11
4
6
14
27
22
12
1
13
Oklahoma
2
3
2
12
Texas
3
1
8
3
48
Mountain ;
Population, 2,078,828
83
15
27
22
12
6
11
17
12
254
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
20
13
1
1
7
7
2
1
1
1
3
80
17
Idaho
13
7
4
New Mexico .. ...
1
1
8
Utah
1
13
Wyoming
8
Pacific :
Population, 8,637,778
7
5
11
131
California
179
36
39
5
1
1
3
11
13
2
5
63
8
9
84
25
Washington
2
22
10
Rural Crime Rates, January- June, 1954
The number of offenses and the rate per 100,000 inhabitants as
reported by 1,698 police agencies serving approximately two-thirds of
the rural population of the country are shown in table 8. For crime
reporting purposes the so-called old urban and rural distinction as
followed in the 1940 census was utilized in classifying areas as rural.
A comparison of the rural crime rates with those of the smaller
urban communites reflects that for crimes of violence (criminal homi-
cide, assaults and robberies) the rural rates exceed those of the small
urban communities. For burglary there is not much difference in
the figures, but for larceny and auto theft the urban rates are sub-
stantially in excess of those for the rural communities.
In compiling the rm'al crime rates any reports obviously incomplete
were not included in the tabulations. However, it is recongnized that
the rural reporting has not yet reached the high degree of uniformity
found in the reports from urban communities. In some instances
the reports used in preparing the rural data indicated the possibility
that the entries may have been limited largely to offenses in which
arrests were made.
Table 8.— RURAL CRIME RATES, JANUARY-JUNE, 1954
[Offenses known and rate per 100,000 inhabitants, as reported by 1,571 sheriffs, 115 rural village officers, and
12 State police; total rural population 40,879,542, based on 1950 decennial census]
Offense
Murder and noimegligent manslaughter.
Manslaughter by negligence
Rape
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary— brealcing or entering.
Larceny — theft
Autotheft
Offenses known
Number
Rate
1,010
2.5
1,039
2.5
2,447
6.0
4,083
10.0
7,326
17.9
47, 713
116.7
62, 716
153.4
12,156
29.7
OFFENSES IN INDIVIDUAL AREAS
Offenses in Individual Cities With More Than 25,000 Inhabitants
The number of offenses reported as having been committed during
the period of January-June, 1954, is shown in table 9. The com-
pilation includes the reports received from police departments in
cities with more than 25,000 inhabitants. Police administrators and
other interested individuals will probably find it desirable to compare
the crime rates of their cities with the average rates shown in tables
4, 5, and 6 of this publication. Similarly, they will doubtless desire
to make comparisons with the figures for their communities for
prior periods, in order to determine whether there has been an increase
or a decrease in the amount of crime committed.
Caution should be exercised in comparing crime data for individual
cities because the differences in the figures may be due to a variety
of factors. Such comparisons are not necessarily significant even
though the figures for individual communities are converted into
terms of the number of offenses per 100,000 inhabitants.
The following is a list of some of the factors which affect the amount
of crime in the community:
Population of the city and metropolitan area adjacent thereto.
The composition of the population with reference particularly to
age, sex, and race.
The economic status and activities of the population.
Climate.
Educational, recreational, and religious facilities.
The number of police employees per unit of population.
The standards governing appointments to the police force.
The policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts.
The attitude of the public toward law-enforcement problems.
The degree of efficiency of the local law-enforcement agency.
The figures presented in the following tabulation are those reported
by the individual police departments in the cities represented without
reducing the data to crime rates (number of offenses per 100,000
inhabitants) .
In considering the volume of crime committed locally, it is gen-
erally more important to determine whether the figures for a given
community show increases or decreases rather than to ascertain
whether they exceed or fall short of those for some other individual
community, and it should be remembered that the amount of crime
committed in a community is not solely chargeable to the police
but is rather a charge against the entire community.
In publishing these figures the FBI acts as a service agency. The
figures published are those submitted by the contributing agencies.
(11)
12
Table 9.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, JANU-
ARY-JUNE, 1954, CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION
City
Murder,
nonncp;-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary,
break-
ing or
entering
Larceny, theft
Over
$50
Under
$50
Abilene, Tex...
Abington, Pa..
Akron, Ohio
Alameda, Calif-
Albany, Ga
Albany, N.Y
Albuquerque, N. Mex_
Alexandria, La
Alexandria, Va
Alhambra, Calif
Aliquippa, Pa..
Allentown, Pa.
Alliance, Ohio.
Alton, 111
Altoona, Pa
Amarillo, Tex
Amsterdam, N. Y.
Anderson, Ind
Ann Arbor, Mich..
Anniston, Ala
Appleton, Wis...
Arlington, Mass.
Arlington, Va
Asheville, N. C.
Ashland, Ky
Athens, Ga
Atlanta, Ga
Atlantic City, N.J.
Auburn, N. Y
Augusta, Ga
Aurora, 111
Austin, Tex
Bakersfleld, Calif-
Baltimore, Md
Bangor, Maine
Barberton, Ohio
Baton Rouge, La —
Battle Creek, Mich-
Bay City, Mich
Bayonne, N. J
Beaumont, Tex
Belleville, 111
Belleville, N. J
Bellingham, Wash.
Belmont, Mass
Beloit, Wis
Berkeley, Calif.
Berwyn, 111
Bessemer, Ala..
Bethlehem, Pa.
Beverly, Mass
Beverly Hills, Calif-
Billings, Mont
Biloxi, Miss
Binghamton, N. Y..
Birmingham, Ala-
Bloomfield, N. J..
Blooniiiigto!!, 111..
Blooiiiington, Ind.
Boise, Idaho
Boston, Mass
Bremerton, Wash.
Bridgeport, Conn.
Bristol, Conn
Brockton, Mass...
141
2
7
7
35
27
23
2
114
25
3
28
17
382
2
2
26
7
5
1
116
3
24
78
49
718
72
38
42
23
267
27
41
12 101
34 480 151
No reports received
100 181 97
10 162 60
7 37 18
Only 1 month received
54
2 87 16
11 73
30
18
118
No reports received
184
18
66
60
71
36
22
167
108
118
7
19
81
29
16
12
194
84
34
527
50
103
11
138
10
828
1
1
51
15
46
29
1,376
237
23
115
47
307
186
2,426
30
21
203
101
105
93
162
26
27
50
34
26
289
77
46
47
27
815
165
14
31
70
117
155
1,702
26
28
89
35
32
45
85
19
6
40
13
19
80
29
24
30
14
14
10
77
2
11
2
4
137
2
1
2
162
1
28
1
3
134
18
5
19 29
No reports received
329
60
1,458
195
82
66
648
526
257
80
100
214
179
463
21
257
153
179
196
50
450
185
42
2,210
220
40
77
130
953
488
3,377
80
84
273
273
204
181
617
59
43
60
43
164
646
67
53
128
90
85
117
319
66
38
122
57
39
183
,195
468
1,090
37
20
45
67
39
103
76
48
149
60
79
287
7()7
844
1,545
aC)
39
230
192
180
330
;<()
14
35
167
49
254
13
Table 9.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, JANU-
ARY-JUNE, 1954, CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Murder,
iiomieg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary,
break-
ing or
entering
Larceny, theft
Over
$50
Under
$50
Brookline, Mass_.
Brownsville, Tex.
Buffalo, N. Y
Burbank, Calif
Burlington, Iowa-
Burlington, Vt
Butte, Mont
Cambridge, Mass-
Camden, N. J
Canton, Ohio
Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
Champaign, 111
Charleston, S. C
Charleston, W. Va...
Charlotte, N. C
Charlottesville, Va..
Chattanooga, Term.
Chelsea, Mass
Chester, Pa
Cheyenne, Wyo
Chicago, 111
Chicopee, Mass
Cicero, 111
Cincinnati, Oliio
Clarksburg, W. Va.
Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland Heights, Ohio-
Clifton, N.J
Clinton, Iowa
Colorado Springs, Colo...
Columbia, Mo...
Columbia, S. C.
Columbus, Ga...
Columbus, Ohio.
Compton, Calif..
Concord, N. H
Corpus Christi, Tex..
Council Bluffs, Iowa-
Covington, Ky
Cranston, R. I
Cumberland, Md
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.
Dallas, Tex
Danville, 111
Danville, Va
Davenport, Iowa
Dayton, Ohio
Daytona Beach, Fla.
Dearborn, Mich
Decatur, 111
Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa.
Detroit, Mich
Dubuque, Iowa
Duluth, Minn
Durham, N. C
East Chicago, Ind
East Cleveland, Ohio-
East Hartford, Conn.-
Easton, Pa
East Orange, N. J
East Providence, R. I-
East St. Louis, 111
'Eau Claire, Wis
Elgin, 111
138
32
36
2
1
118
20
2
2
34
23
39
30
6
3
33
14
25
61
5
28
7
4,155
1
27
138
5
590
3
2
3
4
11
14
168
42
4
172
79
8
16
4
282
33
1,847
2
104
40
2
52
21
3
7
18
49
231
14
55
30
5
2,040
1
32
131
97
102
591
176
25
45
82
99
292
209
30
358
168
203
14
444
31
72
48
8,190
22
121
756
22
1,260
52
74
27
23
52
274
105
4
37
50
93
107
90
51
53
164
)
125
26
81
42
81
25
5,260
25
79
564
9
(')
No reports received
52
3
46
19
1
157
5
1
391
2
58
7
84
19
149
6
1,735
223
10
2
5
1
178
188
198
219
110
1,155
749
371
88
28
12
477
353
55
33
135
85
95
48
16
11
37
33
2,069
404
68
18
60
50
230
77
370
150
90
87
275
129
144
41
1,960
812
529
282
5,575
1,615
50
34
171
94
105
80
86
97
50
10
39
26
46
12
178
61
37
32
209
57
22
23
29
11
125
281
652
398
92
123
245
126
194
400
376
104
503
525
691
72
432
43
60
229
5,160
60
171
1,467
45
6,955
104
115
126
350
275
1,495
685
79
678
223
272
127
65
101
4,384
97
555
743
241
1,188
310
2,382
861
12, 220
166
451
208
190
101
65
79
215
129
203
110
84
See footnote at end of table.
14
Table 9.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, JANU-
ARY-JUNE, 1954, CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Elizabeth, N. J.
Ellshart, Ind....
Elmira, N. Y...
El Paso, Tex.._.
Elyria, Ohio
Enid, Okla....
Erie, Pa
Euclid, Ohio..
Eugene, Oreg.
Evanston, 111.
Evansville, Ind...
Everett, Mass
Everett, Wash
Fairmont, W. Va.
Fall River, Mass..
Fargo, N. Dak
Fayette ville, N. C.
Ferndale, Mich
Fitchburg, Mass...
Flint, Mich
Fond Du Lac, Wis
Fort Dodge, Iowa
Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
Fort Smith, Ark
Fort Wayne, Ind
Fort Worth, Tex
Framingham, Mass.
Fresno, Calif
Gadsden, Ala
Gainesville, Fla
Galesburg, 111...
Galveston, Tex.
Garfield, N.J...
Gary, Ind
Glendale, Calif.
Gloucester, Mass
Grand Forks, N. Dak.
Grand Rapids, Mich..
Granite City, 111
Great Falls, Mont
Green Bay, Wis...
Greensboro, N. C.
Greenville, Miss..
Greenville, S. C...
Greenwich, Conn.
Haekcnsack, N. J.
Hagerstown, Md..
Hamilton, N. J
Hamilton, Ohio...
Hammond, Ind...
Hampton, Va
Hamtranick, Mich.
Harrisburg, Pa
Hartford, Conn
Ilattiesburg, Miss..
Haverford, Pa
Haverhill, Mass.
Hazleton, Pa
Hempstead, N. Y
Highland Park, Mich.
High Point, N. C
Hoboken, N.J
Holyoke, Mass
Honolulu City, Hawaii
Hot Springs, Ark
Murder,
nonneg-
ligcnt
man-
slaughter
Robbery
12
10
15
104
34
1
1
Aggra-
vated
assault
1
101
27
18
59
Burglary,
break-
ing or
entering
154
51
58
412
27
74
241
39
75
104
319
55
112
33
119
26
84
45
112
466
Larceny, theft
Over
$50
1 20
No reports received
203
115
253
101
44
63
158
22
25
59
10
96
130
170
13
55
5
91
25
18
32
38
433
142
42
126
120 1, 036 225
Only 1 month received
402
59
83
258
14
36
1 23 11
Only 1 month received
6
113
5
No reports received
15
Under
$50
18
13
437
272
335
108
277
117
155
1,136
47
259
329
140
247
291
529
74
284
26
255
168
336
139
207
1,111
156
357
170
470
2,200
654
66
254
73
60
727
568
29
30
165
2S9
194
828
lis
8
101
19
66
112
39
19
82
203
130
251
56
42
163
180
113
293
33
10
33
25
31
77
107
17
157
72
46
170
106
72
253
218
221
550
113
87
216
74
111
147
212
118
244
383
232
463
59
9
51
32
29
97
37
15
52
24
14
21
75
73
101
117
131
340
52
39
111
85
52
85
53
22
111
592
312
1,501
68
28
65
15
Table 9.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, JANU-
ARY-JUNE, 1954, CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary,
break-
ing or
entering
Larceny, theft
Over
$50
Under
$50
Houston, Tex
Huntington, W. Va
Huntington Park, Calif.
HutchtQson, Kans
Independence, Mo
Indianapolis, Ind..
Inglewood, Calif...
Iowa City, Iowa...
Irondequoit, N. Y.
Irvtngton, N. J
Ithaca, N.Y
Jackson, Mich
Jackson, Miss
Jackson, Term
Jacksonville, Fla_
Jamestown, N. Y...
Jefferson City, Mo..
Jersey City, N. J
Johnson City, Tenn.
Johnstown, Pa
Joliet, HI
Joplin, Mo
Kalamazoo, Mich..
Kankakee, 111
Kannapolis, N. C._,
Kansas City, Kans.
Kansas City, Mo...
Kearny, N. J
Kenosha, Wis
Key West, Fla
Kingston, N. Y
Knoxville, Tenn
Kokomo, Ind
Lackawanna, N. Y.
La Crosse, Wis
LaFayette, Ind...
Lafayette, La
La Grange, Ga
Lake Charles, La.
Lakeland, Fla
Lakewood, Ohio.
Lancaster, Pa
Lansing, Mich...
Laredo, Tex
Laurel, Miss
Lawrence, Mass..
Lawton, Okla
Lebanon, Pa
Lewiston, Maine-
Lexington, Ky...
Lima, Ohio
Lincoln, Nebr
Lincoln Park, Mich.
Linden, N. J
Little Rock, Ark
Lockport, N. Y
Long Beach, Calif.
Lorain, Ohio
Los Angeles, Calif-
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Lower Merion, Pa.
Lubbock, Tex
Lynchburg, Va
Lynn, Mass
See footnote at end of table.
313691°— 54 3
19
192
14
20
4
6
222
27
1
7
5
117
218
.....
1
25
6
2
3
66
2
146
10
1,781
237
5
2
151
8
1
.....
1
10
25
3
28
2,180
86
149
73
54
1,112
198
9
35
121
717
64
119
11
41
733
126
23
2
28
33
41
75
63
279
40
60
34
800
678
44
18
15
10
336
110
Only two months received
1
49
184
2
No reports received
28
216
No reports received
11 50
2 45
2
4
7
20
2
38
7
1
10
18
1
3
5
38
2
2
7
3
7
8
4 112
No reports received
26
44
95 24
79 17
No reports received
2 24 10
125 225 125
11 146 76
11 67 77
No reports received
3
1
1
113
31
2,243
276
2,787
278
290
154
144
1,675
316
80
57
133
137
254
241
128
1,207
85
54
228
65
39
139
49
43
162
87
45
131
130
64
387
21
16
88
33
3
54
371
167
595
630
630
1,201
45
18
82
40
35
209
21
138
41
213
14
16
75
259
39
220
55
123
78
153
184
389
134
52
122
266
113
366
241
555
70
33
112
363
245
643
18
8
26
1,326
0)
1,871
82
50
142
7,638
6,963
12, 067
1,236
1,157
1,371
133
44
168
86
54
144
230
169
704
63
15
206
238
108
400
16
Table 9.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, JANU-
ARY-JUNE, 1954, CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Lynwoofl, Calif
Macon, Ga
Madison, Wis
Maiden, Mass
Manchester, N. H.
Manitowoc, Wis..
Mansfield, Ohio-.
Maplewood, N. J.
Marion, Ind
Marion, Ohio
Mason City, Iowa.
Massillon, Ohio
Maywood, 111
McKeesport, Pa...
Medford, Mass
Melrose, Mass...
Memphis, Tenn.
Meriden, Conn..
Meridian, Miss..
Miami, Fla
Miami Beach, Fla..
Michigan City, Ind.
Middletown, Conn..
Middletown, Ohio..
Milwaukee, Wis
Minneapolis, Minn.
Mishawaka, Ind
Mobile, Ala
Moline, 111
Monroe, La
Montclair, N. J..
Montgomery, Ala
Morgantown, W. Va..
Mount Lebanon, Pa..
Mount Vernon, N. Y.
Muncie, Ind
Muskegon, Mich_
Muskogee, Okla..
Nashua, N. H
Nashville, Tenn..
New Albany, Ind...
Newark, N. J
Newark, Ohio
New Bedford, Mass.
New Britain, Conn..
New Brunswick, N. J.
Newburgh, N. Y
New Castle, Pa
New Haven, Conn
New Kensington, Pa..
Now London, Conu..
New Orleans, La
Newport, Ky
Newport, R. I..
Newport News, Va..
New Rochelle, N. Y.
Newton, Mass
New York, N. Y
Niagara Falls, N. Y..
Norfolk, Va....
Norman, Okla
Norristown, Pa
Northami)ton, Mass
North Bergen, N. J
North Little Uock, Ark.
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
22
Robbery
10
163
2
13
232
23
233
281
1
10
6
3
1
1
22
1
1
240
3
15
2
3
5,411
12
161
Aggra-
vated
assault
335
1
Burglary,
break-
ing or
entering
132
288
121
47
43
24
94
14
45
31
15
42
07
74
49
14
861
97
Larceny, theft
Over
$50
Onlv 4 months received
108
85
115
59
17
17
30
55
5
34
58
22
4
22
31
24
4
333
8
1
145
Only 4 months received
4
58
0
262
2
12
3
2
25
7
3
208
4
Only 5 months received
36
9
1
4,023
21
093
Under
$50
138
2f)8
408
118
137
137
188
10
152
140
80
127
53
122
119
39
490
1,911
623
1,644
397
551
287
45
56
204
26
13
54
59
53
180
388
730
2,226
1, 462
655
2,082
54
32
138
584
109
403
62
37
157
65
17
148
25
23
77
186
129
290
32
21
35
93
70
91
177
06
320
122
82
247
92
38
129
28
25
81
621
309
695
20
24
134
1,519
553
1,749
59
23
144
266
153
438
46
73
ISO
07
20
152
61
37
84
47
20
75
392
159
440
8
12
15
38
31
130
877
682
1,434
CO
27
55
130
222
577
71
83
115
134
109
252
24,817
20,293
15, 590
97
105
178
877
693
1,089
10
22
67
31
15
30
17
19
20
•ts rece
ved
No reports received
17
Table 9.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, JANU-
ARY-JUNE, 1954, CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Norwalk, Conn.
Norwich, Conn-
Norwood, Ohio.
Nutley, N. J..__
Oakland, Calif. _
Oak Park, 111
Oak Ridge, Tenn
Odessa, Tex
Ogden, Utah
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Omaha, Nebr...
Orange, N. J
Orlando, Fla
Oshkosh, Wis.-.
Ottumwa, Iowa.
Owcnsboro, Ky
Paducah, Ky
Palo Alto, Calif
Panama City, Fla...
Parkersburg, W. Va-
Parma, Ohio
Pasadena, Calif..
Passaic, N. J
Paterson, N. J...
Pawtueket, R. I.
Pensacola, Fla
Peoria, 111
Perth Amboy, N. J.
Petersburg, Va_
Philadelphia, Pa...
Phoenix, Ariz...
Pine Bluff, Ark.
Pittsburgh, Pa..
Pittsfleld, Mass.
Plainfield, N. J.
Pocatello, Idaho
Pomona, Calif
Pontiac, Mich
Port Arthur, Tex..
Port Huron, Mich.
Portland, Maine
Portland, Oreg
Portsmouth, Ohio
Portsmouth, Va
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Providence, R. I.
Provo, Utah
Pueblo, Colo
Quincy, 111
Quincy, Mass
Racine, Wis
Raleigh, N. C
Rapid City, S. Dak...,
Reading, Pa
Redondo Beach, Calif.
Redwood City, Calif...
Reno, Nev
Revere, Mass
Richmond, Calif
Richmond, Ind
Richmond, Va
Riverside, Calif..
Roanoke, Va
Rochester, Minn.
Rochester, N. Y.
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary,
break-
ing or
entering
Larceny, theft
Over
$50
20
Only 5 months received
Only 3 months received
5 1 3 1 43 I 28
No reports received
1,426 211
275
162
12
3
20
8
3
4
16
45
76
58
44
3
18
16
153
1
4
2
6
7
1
2
1
1
37
4
26
1
13
38
4
23
1,461
84
14
314
2
2
4
6
15
1
1
9
160
22
21
3
30
12
34
10
106
11
14
57
15
103
123
941
369
47
330
55
28
40
13
56
64
695
135
25
173
13
2
79 43
Only 4 months received
12
4 56
2 32
13
112
1
6
6
4
30
10
9
5
75
7
157
4
38
2
11
3
122
3
6
2
6
1
28
2
121
16
29
1
34
39
306
76
381
108
161
338
80
108
6,055
6,52
127
1,406
40
54
45
156
244
46
58
101
1,319
127
222
50
622
40
191
75
151
87
121
7
139
174
52
312
65
182
58
583
139
146
24
448
Under
$50
60 I
3,399
122
45
380
536
1,431
1,016
96
329
286
64
180
62
181
36
76
35
98
18
45
242
749
40
101
32
351
39
132
59
328
112
533
60
90
68
250
3,403
4,226
408
1,723
70
70
755
607
35
147
52
64
42
217
83
288
63
325
15
123
19
158
82
287
799
2,175
80
212
163
302
43
216
308
867
24
271
96
398
51
153
42
206
37
334
73
336
31
56
59
293
27
178
56
235
185
276
29
91
100
937
61
61
447
1,401
97
338
109
343
24
178
265
1,227
18
Table 9.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, JANU-
ARY-JUNE, 1954, CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary,
break-
ing or
entering
Larceny, theft
Over
$.10
Under
$50
Rock-ford, 111
Rock Island, III
Rocky Mount, N. C.
Rome, Ga.-
Rome, N. Y
Roswell, N. Mex..
Royal Oak, Mich..
Sacramento, Calif.
Saginaw, Mich
St. Cloud, Minn.-
St. Joseph, Mo
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn
St. Petersburg, Fla.
Salem, Mass
Salem, Oreg
Salina, Kans
Salt Lake City, Utah.
San Angelo, Tex
San Antonio, Tex
San Bernardino, Calif.
San Diego, Calif
Sandusky, Ohio
San Francisco, Calif....
San Jose, Calif
San Leandro, Calif...
San Mateo, Calif
Santa Ana, Calif
Santa Barbara, Calif.
Sante Fe, N. Mex....
Santa Monica, Calif.
Savannah, Ga
Schenectady, N. Y...
Scranton, Pa
Seattle, Wash
Shaker Heights, Ohio.
Sharon, Pa..
Sheboygan, Wis
Shreveport, La
Sioux City, Iowa
Sioux Falls, S. Dak.
Somervillc, Mass
South Bend, Ind....
South Gate, Calif...
Spartanburg, S. C.
Spokane, Wash...
Springfield, 111....
Springfield, Mass.
Springfield, Mo...
Springfield, Ohio..
Stamford, Conn
Stcubenville, Ohio.
Stockton, Calif
Stratford, Conn
Superior, Wis
Syracuse, N. Y..
Tacoma, Wash..
Tallahassee, Fla.
Tampa, Fla
Taunton, Mass..
Teaneck, N.J
Teniiile, Tex
Terre Haute, Ind.
Toledo, Ohio
Topeka, Kans
2
926
94
12
5
32
14
106
42
116
1
591
36
10
6
7
249
129
132
75
Only 5 months received
2 1 27 I 9
No reports received
102
372
116
39
11
1,079
15
11
68
3,125
582
294
95
61
Only 5 months received
18
18
388
29
81
11
372
1
5
7
20
2
23
252
4
11
71
Only 5 months received
7
7
1
6
12
23
15
9
1
7
31
15
13
16
3
10
9
2
17
5
2
19
10
10
47
24
2
4
1
18
3
39
/
103
83
4
1
2
7
20
10
y
87
121
28
39
No reports received
930
50
31
54
161
771
188
367
226
137
73
29
289
466
1, 233
54
633
17
136
47
284
945
4,998
1H6
1,716
161
422
20
121
30
194
494
359
1,318
132
21
164
1,357
582
2,390
266
217
589
722
886
1,703
30
10
112
2,347
815
4,487
280
85
1,060
74
53
260
54
80
302
136
91
40S
98
53
297
89
56
197
357
312
547
351
226
422
59
70
137
219
46
251
1,558
833
2,545
16
22
140
25
16
44
24
29
91
118
54
337
41
38
204
155
90
251
411
157
685
269
147
250
74
40
194
340
239
1,500
148
44
318
103
70
233
112
59
102
122
48
304
131
98
281
119
57
104
293
255
678
46
32
62
44
14
194
214
265
639
298
228
897
43S
723
13
120
28
42
22
141
57
298
471
1,473
83
465
19
Table 9.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, JANU-
ARY-JUNE, 1954, CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Burglary,
break-
ing or
entering
Larceny, theft
Over
$50
Under
$50
Torrington, Conn.
Trenton, N.J
Troy, N. Y
Tucson, Ariz
Tulsa, Okla
Tuscaloosa, Ala
Tyler, Tex
Union, N. J
Union City, N. J
University City, Mo.
Upper Darby, Pa
Utica, N. Y... -.
Vallejo, Calif
Valley Stream, N. Y.
Vancouver, Wash
Vicksburg, Miss.
Waco, Tex
Waltham. Mass..
Warren, Ohio
Warwick, R. I...
Washington, D. C.
Washington, Pa
Waterbury, Conn..
Waterloo, Iowa
Watertown, Mass..
Vv'atertown, N. Y.
Waukegan, 111
Wausau, Wis
Wauwatosa, Wis_.
West Allis, Wis...
West Hartford, Conn. _
West Haven, Conn
West Xew York, N. J._
West Orange, N. J
West Palm Beach, Fla.
Weymouth, Mass...
Wheeling, W. Va...
White Plains, N. Y.
Wichita, Kans
Wichita Falls, Tex..
AVilkes-Barre, Pa..
Wilkinsburg, Pa...
Williamsport, Pa_.
Wilmington, Del...
Wilmington, N. C.
Winona, Minn
Winston-Salem, N. C.
Woodbridge, N. J
Woonsocket, R. I
Worcester, Mass
Wyandotte, Mich_.
Yakima, Wash
Yonkers, N. Y
York, Pa
Youngsto'mi, Ohio.
ZanesvUle, Ohio
387
2
Only 5 months received
334
92
253
522
144
40
108
401
69 68 34
Complete data not received
2
2
44
2
10
3
3
1
105
2
1
2,066
72
41
102
30
67
61
153
34
124
43
57
49
45
44
69
46
25
25
253
70
76
22
110
64
80
61
1,774
799
40
26
165
88
78
45
8
13
Only 5 months received
64 23
24 16
Complete data not received
25
27
127
1
1
9
19
37
119
14
45
4
1
5
7
3
5
25
13
12
133
1
16
54
3
1
2
29
4
3
1
10
8
7
16
7
6
51
14
7
3
No reports received
56
96
605
195
76
47
60
320
194
16
219
93
49
381
35
133
143
126
279
83
34
72
240
113
34
9
63
166
64
28
92
34
18
145
27
64
41
49
165
284
40
822
895
145
66
129
231
259
231
72
266
64
557
169
145
74
3,291
92
185
264
117
89
112
118
200
38
26
56
158
47
147
1,152
504
72
90
180
619
236
135
312
50
68
523
164
611
385
301
445
165
> Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
POLICE EMPLOYEE DATA
Police Killed, 1953
City police reported that 63 police employees on active duty were
killed in 1953 during performance of official police acts. These
deaths include police employees killed by criminals, traffic mishaps,
etc., so long as the death occurred in line of duty.
These figures do not represent all such deaths in 1953 but are
limited to reports from 3,721 cities with a combined 1950 population
of 87,423,339. Table 10 shows by geographic division and size city
the actual deaths reported and these deaths in terms of deaths per
5 million inhabitants (1950 census figures).
Table 10.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES KILLED,
1953, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS AND POPULATION GROUPS
[3,721 cities, total population 87,423,339, according to 1950 decennial census]
TOTAL
Population group
Geographic division
Num-
ber
Rate per
5,000,000
inhabi-
tants
Group
Group
II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50.000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
63
---
23
3.3
6
3.1
3
1.7
4
2.1
12
5.0
15
Rate per 5,000,000 inhabitants
6.1
2
14
13
4
7
2
10
3
8
1.5
3.1
3.3
2.9
3.9
2.5
6.9
6.1
4.4
" 9'
6
1
1
1
1
3
2"
1
1
1
4
1
East North Central .-
2
1
3
West North Central—
2
South Atlantic - -
3
1
1
1
2
3
3
1
--
1
4
1
1
Number of Police Employees, April 30, 1954
Police departments in 3,721 cities reported 161,356 police employees
as of April 30, 1954. These cities have a combined population of
87.4 million (1950 census figures) and average 1.8 employees per 1,000
inhabitants. Variations in the average number of employees in
police departments in cities grouped by size and geographic division
can be observed in table 1 1 .
It should be noted that the police employee figures per 1,000
population are based on the 1950 decennial census data in the absence
of cmTcnt figures on population for individual cities. In making
any studies or comparisons of these average police figures as of April
30, 1954, the changes in population since the 1950 decennial census
should be borne in mind.
The use of civilian employees in police work has grown steadily
over the years. For the 5-year period 1950-54 the percentage of
civilian employees was as follows: 1950, 7.5; 1951, 7.6; 1952, 8.1;
1953, 8.8; and 1954, 9.3. In addition to utilizing civilian personnel
(20)
21
in ofRce work and records and communications, some departments
use civilians in such quasi police activities as school-crossing guards.
In this connection it should be noted that the practice is not uniform
with reference to school-crossing guards. Some departments report
them as civilians, while others list them as police officers.
The percentage of civilian employees for all cities and by city groups
as of April 30, 1954, is as follows:
PCTCCTitCLQE
Population group: civilian employees
Total, all cities 9. 3
Group I (over 250,000) 10. 7
Group II (100,000-250,000) 12. 3
Group III (50,000-100,000) 9. 8
Group IV (25,000-50,000) 7. 6
Group V (10,000-25,000) - 5. 1
Group VI (2,500-10,000) 5. 4
Table 11.— POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR. 30, 1954, NUM-
BER AND RATE PER 1,000 INHABITANTS, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVI-
SIONS AND POPULATION GROUPS
[3,721 cities, total population 87,423,339, based on 1950 decennial census]
TOTAL
Population group
Division
Group
Group
II
Group
III
Group
IV
Group
V
Group
VI
Over
250,000
100,000
to
250,000
50,000
to
100,000
25,000
to
50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
TOTAL:
161, 356
1.8
80, 375
2.3
16, 935
1.7
14, 820
1.6
14, 885
1.6
17, 795
1.5
16, 546
Average number of employees per 1,000
1.3
New England:
14, 112
2.1
48,212
2.2
34, 796
1.8
9,728
1.4
17, 393
1.9
6,643
1.4
9,639
1.3
3,560
1.4
18,273
2.0
3,046
3.8
31,385
2.6
19, 601
2.2
4,387
1.8
5,801
2.7
1,462
1.3
3,526
1.5
670
1.6
10,497
2.3
3,715
2.2
3,003
1.9
2,379
1.6
792
1.4
2,815
1.8
1,031
1.5
1,652
1.4
471
1.6
1,077
1.6
2,233
1.9
3,211
1.9
3,167
1.5
846
1.3
2,408
1.7
421
1.5
805
1.3
252
1.2
1,477
1.8
2,592
1.9
3,128
1.8
3,150
1.4
723
1.2
1,831
1.8
704
1.4
791
1.3
632
1.6
1,334
1.7
1,902
1.5
4,117
1.6
3,118
1.3
1,392
1.2
2,026
1.8
798
1.4
1,459
1.2
619
1.4
2,364
1.7
624
Average number of employees per 1,000
1.2
Middle Atlantic :
3,368
Average number of employees per 1,000
1.4
East North Central:
Number of police employees
Average number of employees per 1,000
3,381
1.3
West North Central :
Number of police employees
Average number of employees per 1,000
1,588
1.1
South Atlantic : 1
2,512
Average number of employees per 1,000
1.6
East South Central :
Number of police employees
1,227
Average number of employees per 1,000
1.4
West South Central :
1,406
Average number of employees per 1,000
1.0
Mountain :
916
Average number of employees per 1,000
1.3
Pacific :
1,624
Average number of employees per 1,000
1.8
1 Includes the District of Columbia.
22
PER
1,000 INHABITANTS
.8
1.5
1.6 1.6
1.7
1.3
AVERAGE CITIES
OF ALL LESS
CITIES THAN
10,000
CITIES
10.000
TO
25,000
CITIES
25,000
TO
50,000
CITIES
50,000
TO
100,000
CITIES CITIES
100,000 OVER
TO 250,000
250,000
FBI CHART
Figure 2.
23
Table 12— NUMBER OF CITIES USED IN TABULATIONS REGARDING
NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR. 30, 1954,
AND POLICE KILLED, 1953
[Population figures from 1950 decennial census]
Division
TOTAL:
Population represented.
Number of cities
87,423,339
3,721
New England: Total popula-
tion, 6,812,899
Middle Atlantic: Total popula-
tion, 22,321,527
East North Central: Total pop-
ulation, 19,780,805
West North Central: Total
population, 6,828,745
South Atlantic: Total popula-
tion, 8,955,660
East South Central: Total pop
ulation, 3,967,792
West South Central: Tota
population, 7,286,412
Mountain: Total population
2,455,677
Pacific: Total population
9,013,822
TOTAI
224
734
786
406
453
236
384
189
309
34,932,955
41
Population group
Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V Group VI
Over
250,000
100,000 to
250,000
9,694,111
50,000 to
100,000
9,034,619
128
25,000 to
50,000
9,392,521
268
10,000 to
25,000
12,098,937
790
164
161
78
74
36
78
28
91
Less than
10,000
12,270,196
2,428
77
478
511
291
316
172
267
143
173
Police Employees in Individual Cities
The number of police employees as of April 30, 1954, is listed by
reporting cities in tables 13 and 14. Table 13 is for those cities having
a population of 25,000 or over (1950 decennial census figures). For
these larger cities the total personnel is shown together with the
number of police officers and the number of civilian police employees.
Table 14 lists only the total police strength for cities under 25,000 in
population.
These data do not include (1) auxiliary police (unpaid) ; (2) school-
boy patrols (the unpaid juveniles who assist officers assigned to
school-crossing duties) ; and (3) merchant police (individuals paid out
of private funds). Assistance received in the policing problem from
the above sources varies greatly, and these are only some of the factors
having a direct bearing on comparisons of police strength among
cities.
Some of the other factors affecting comparisons of police strength
are as follows: (1) length of workweek; (2) amount of annual leave
and vacation; (3) extent of use of civilian employees on outside duties,
such as school-crossing guards; (4) availability and use of automotive
and radio equipment; and (5) type of city, resort or recreation center
or a work or shopping center where large numbers of people regularly
commute from heavily populated fringe areas outside the city limits.
In the next two tables, the part-time paid employees reported by
police, whether civilians or officers, are presented in terms of their
313001° — 54 4
24
full-time equivalents. For example, if a police department reported
45 part-time employees who worked, during April, 1954, the equivalent
of 21 full-time employees, the latter figure (21) is included in the
tables and not the former figure (45).
Also, it might well be that these 45 part-time employees were
classed by the reporting department as civilians assigned to school-
crossing guard duty, in which case 21 employees would be added to
the reported full-time civilians. Accordingly, full cognizance must
be taken of all these and perhaps other factors in drawing any com-
parisons between the figures of one department and another or the
published averages for the various city groups.
If a police department furnished no ratio for converting the hours
worked by part-time emploj'^ees to their full-time equivalents, an
arbitrary ratio based on a 48-hour week or 208-hour month was
applied in processing the reports. If a part-time employee was
reported as working as much as 75 percent of a full-time employee's
hours for the month, one full-time employee was added to the figures.
Employees not paid from police funds were not counted. Em-
ployees on extended leave, such as military leave, are not counted in
these police figures. Letters were written to 356 of these contributors
concerning adjustments and other items affecting uniformity in the
data.
Table 13.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION
City
ALABAMA
Anniston
Bessemer
Birmingham..
Gadsden
Mobile 1—
Montgomery ^
Tuscaloosa
ARIZONA
Phoenix ■_
Tucson....
ABKANSAS
Fort Smith
Hot Springs
Little Rocic..
North Little Rock...
Pine Bluff
CALIFOKNIA
Alameda
Alhambra
Bakersfield
Berkeley '
Beverly Hills '.
Burbank '
Number of pel
ce de-
partment employees 1
TOTAI
Police
officers
Civil-
ians
46
46
37
37
425
378
47
75
74
1
184
150
34
158
145
13
59
55
4
230
195
35
92
79
13
50
49
1
38
37
1
141
132
9
61
61
33
33
76
70
6
76
67
9
117
97
20
137
131
6
73
62
11
143
112
31
Number of police de-
partment employees
CALIFORNIA— Con
Compton 1
Fresno
Olendale ' .-
Huntington Park
Inglewood__
T/ong Beach '
Los Angeles '
Ly nwood _
Oakland'...-
Palo Alto
Pasadena '
Pomona '
Redondo Beach
Redwood City '
Richmond '
Riverside
Sacramento
San Bernardino '
San Diego '
San Francisco
San Jose '
San Leandro '
San Mateo •
Santa Ana
Santa Barbara
Santa Monica
South Gate '
Stockton
Vallejoi
65
194
180
50
66
452
5,263
29
822
43
201
69
35
46
157
79
271
171
549
1,770
138
39
64
79
72
152
62
128
81
52
170
138
49
61
358
4.252
27
680
41
159
58
34
43
130
75
237
139
470
1,672
132
32
60
73
64
118
50
115
64
13
24
42
1
5
94
1,011
2
142
2
42
11
1
3
27
4
34
32
79
98
6
7
4
6
8
34
12
13
17
See footnote at end of tablo.
25
Table 13.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
COLORADO
Colorado Springs.
Denver
Pueblo
CONNECTICUT
Bridgeport '
Bristol '
East Hartford '..
Greenwich '
Hartford '
Meriden ■
Middletown '..-
New Britain '„.
New Haven '
New London L.
Norwalk •
Norwich '.
Stamford
Stratford i
Torrington '
Waterbury '
West Hartford K
West Haven '
DEIAWARE
Wilmington '
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington '
FLORIDA
Daytona Beach i
Fort Lauderdale
Gainesville
Jacksonville
Key West '
Lakeland
Miami ' -.
Miami Beach
Orlando i
Panama City
Pensacola
St. Petersburg i
Tallahassee '
Tampa
West Palm Beach i.
GEORGIA
Albany '
Athens i
Atlanta '
Augusta >.-.
Columbus. .
La Grange _ .
Macon '
Rome
Savannah i.
Boise.
Pocatello-
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
Alton
Aurora
Belleville
Berwyn '
Bloomington
Champaign
Number of police de-
partment employees
TOTAL
670
93
368
59
62
132
414
73
53
153
441
63
113
56
171
52
60
271
2,314
46
384
29.
45
694
190
90
39
77
111
55
215
85
50
44
720
169
121
37
109
40
177
Police
officers
568
87
341
58
60
116
370
71
51
145
406
60
100
54
162
50
58
256
77
66
219
2,124
57
77
40
331
29
36
529
147
82
30
67
94
52
196
77
47
36
626
146
120
36
107
38
149
Civil-
ians
5
102
6
37
190
165
43
City
ILLINOIS— Continued
Chicago
Cicero '
Danville
Decatur
East St. Louis '
Elgin 1
Evanston i
Galesburg '
Granite City
Joliet
Kankakee
Maywood
Moline
Oak Park 1
Peoria
Quincy
Rockford i
Rock Island
Springfield '
Waukegan i
INDIANA
Anderson
Bloomington
East Chicago
Elkhart i - -
Evansville
Fort Wayne
Gary
Hammond i
Indianapolis >
Kokomo 1
Lafayette
Marion
Michigan City.
Mishawaka >
Muncie i
New Albany
Richmond
South Bend i
Terre Haute
IOWA
Burlington
Cedar Rapids
Clinton
Council Bluffs
Davenport
Des Moines
Dubuque
Iowa City
Mason City
Ottumwa '
Sioux City
Waterloo
KANSAS
Hutchinson
Kansas City '
Salina
Topeka
Wichita 1
KENTUCKY
Ashland
Covington
Lexington '
Louisville '
Newport
Owensboro i
Paducah
Number of police de-
partment employees
TOTAL
109
34
50
100
42
125
34
23
72
24
26
31
80
146
46
115
46
108
52
72
38
132
61
201
204
254
146
854
59
53
43
47
47
84
32
54
190
91
34
90
28
43
88
210
50
23
39
33
106
72
37
172
35
120
35
91
99
574
58
52
61
Police
officers
7,036
82
34
47
81
39
92
29
23
68
23
26
28
76
134
43
107
46
90
43
35
127
55
184
200
198
127
749
58
53
43
46
42
80
32
50
178
33
82
28
40
83
188
49
22
32
31
87
71
34
148
34
93
227
91
537
52
50
60
See footnote at end of table.
26
Table 13.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
lOUISIANA
Alexandria
Baton Rouge '.
Lafayette '
Lake Charles-.
Monroe '
New Orleans ' .
Shreveport i--
MAINE
Bangor >..
Lewiston.
Portland.
MARYLAND
Baltimore i...
Cumberland..
Hagerstown '.
MASSACHUSETTS
Arlington*
Belmont '
Beverly i
Boston
Brockton i
Brookline
Cambridge
Chelsea ' .-
Chicopee i
Everett
Fall River
Fitchburg '
Framingham '_
Gloucester '
Haverhill '
Holyoke
Lawrence
Lowell '
Maiden i
Medford
Melrose i
New Bedford..
Newton '
Northampton '
Pittsfield 1
Quincy
Revere
Salem i
Somerville
Springfield
Taunton '
Waltham '
Watertown i...
Weymouth
Worcester '
MICHIGAN
Ann Arbor'
Battle Creek i..
Bay City
Dearborn '
Detroit '
Ferndale '
Flint'-
Grand Rapids..
Highland Park.
Jackson..
Kalamazoo '
Lansing '
Lincoln Park '..
Muskegon '
Pontiac
Number of police de-
partment employees
TOTAL
58
139
41
32
61
1,052
177
61
48
112
2,767
59
52
85
47
74
3,046
107
133
251
77
94
118
258
77
36
45
68
116
147
199
122
111
60
227
168
40
90
150
75
80
171
367
65
81
75
53
420
71
57
83
216
4,730
43
306
274
133
77
112
161
51
Police Civil-
officers ians
122
See footnote at end of tabic.
58
121
39
31
48
1,042
161
45
104
2,252
52
48
74
44
74
2,828
101
128
243
75
82
115
239
70
36
43
66
114
140
184
122
108
51
215
157
40
81
143
70
74
169
348
57
75
70
51
368
64
49
76
185
4,252
40
232
228
121
71
84
139
49
68
110
515
7
4
31
478
3
74
46
12
6
28
22
2
11
12
City
Number of police 'de-
partment employees
TOTAL
MICHIGAN— Continued
Port Huron '.
Royal Oak'-.
Saginaw '
Wyandotte '_
MINNESOTA
Duluth
Minneapolis-
Rochester
St. Cloud..-.
St. Paul '
Winona
MISSISSIPPI
Biloxi •
Greenville '.
Hattiesburg.
Jackson '
Laurel
Meridian
Vicksburg '.
MISSOURI
Independence '.
Jefferson City...
Joplin
Kansas City '...
St. Joseph
St. Louis
Springfield
University City
MONTANA
Billings '
Butte
Great Falls.
Lincoln.
Omaha.
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
Reno.
NEW HAMPSHISE
Concord '---
Manchester.
Nashua
NEW JERSEY
Atlantic City
Bavonne
Belleville'....
Bloomfield '..
Camden
(Mifton 1
East Orange '
Elizabeth
Garfield
Hackensack..
Hamilton '...
Iloboken
Irvington '
Jersey City '.
Kearny
Linden
Maplewood..
Montclair '. .
57
61
150
66
141
621
45
35
403
34
37
41
32
156
27
69
35
41
29
50
726
100
2,302
89
49
112
331
45
131
52
218
216
63
95
285
89
154
282
48
61
67
176
118
1,028
113
99
47
111
Police ICivil-
officers I ians
47
53
141
57
124
560
44
35
378
34
37
38
29
126
26
61
35
40
29
38
534
92
1,862
75
4U
46
3
34
2
40
3
91
21
300
31
76
12
42
3
123
8
48
4
184
34
213
3
58
5
92
3
200
85
87
2
143
11
256
26
48
60
1
64
3
176
105
13
845
183
112
1
99
47
100
5
27
Table 13.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
NEW JERSEY— Continued
Newark '
New Brunswick. _
North Bergen i.-_
Nutley
Orange ■
Passaic
Paterson '
Perth Amboy
Plainfield
Teaneck
Trenton
Union '
Union City >
West New York '.
West Orange '
Woodhridge '
NEW MEXICO
Albuquerque >.
Roswell
Santa Fe
NEW YORK
Albany '
Amsterdam i
Auburn
Binghamton '_.
Buffalo'
Elmira
Hempstead '
Irondequoit
Ithaca >
Jamestown
Kingston '
Lackawanna.-,
Lockport
Mount Vernon '
New burgh '
New Rochelle i.
New York
Niagara Falls...
Poughkeepsie i.
Rochester '
Rome '
Schenectady i...
Syracuse i
Troy 1
Utica
Watertown >
White Plains...
Yonkers '
NORTH CAROIINA
Asheville
Charlotte i
Durham >
Fayette ville i
Greensboro i
High Point '
Kannapolis
Raleigh i
Rocky Mount '..
Wilmington '
Winston-Salem '.
NORTH DAKOTA
Fargo'
Grand Forks.
Number of police de-
partment employees
TOTAL
OHIO
1,383
71
103
129
276
87
88
50
266
83
136
87
68
83
329
47
66
144
1,422
91
72
26
41
63
53
63
33
164
61
159
20, 671
167
84
544
58
167
425
178
168
57
119
297
83
233
119
69
151
82
23
122
52
95
173
Akron' 311
See footnote at end of table.
Police
officers
1,180
69
91
38
88
129
245
87
76
50
244
64
108
87
64
67
275
45
53
134
1,231
91
63
26
35
57
50
62
32
147
61
134
753
161
71
446
51
157
337
152
157
52
115
265
19
82
198
103
66
126
75
22
108
49
77
151
Civil-
ians
203
2
12
1
1
54
2
13
10
191
25
918
6
13
98
7
10
88
26
11
5
4
32
47
City
OHIO— Continued
Alliance '
Barberton '
Canton
Cincinnati '
Cleveland
Cleveland Heights '
Columbus
Cuyahoga Falls '
Dayton
East Cleveland '
Elyria '
Euclid '
Hamilton
Lakewood '
Lima
Lorain
Mansfield
Marion
Massillon
Middletown
Newark
Norwood '
Parma
Portsmouth
Sandusky
Shaker Heights '
Springfield
Steubenville
Toledo
Warren
Youngstown '
Zanesville
OKLAHOMA
Enid
Lawton '
Muskogee
Norman '
Oklahoma City '
Tulsa '
OREGON
Eugene
Portland '
PENNSYLVANIA
Abington
Aliquippa '
Allentown
Altoona '
Bethlehem
Chester
Easton
Erie ' ....
Harrisburg
Haverford
Hazleton
Johnstown
Lancaster '
Lower Merion
McKeesport '
Mount Lebanon '
New Castle
New Kensington
Norristown
Philadelphia
Pittsburgh '
Reading '
Scran ton
Sharon '
Upper Darby
Washington
Wilkes-Barre'
Wilkinsburgi
Number of police de-
partment employees
TOTAL
29
32
148
877
2,138
96
546
34
351
67
39
75
82
75
58
56
50
36
27
58
40
45
37
52
32
57
90
45
462
59
305
34
43
41
49
20
392
275
52
766
35
36
129
111
88
81
46
195
149
44
33
89
79
111
92
31
61
28
43
4,629
1,593
168
183
38
119
32
102
49
Police
officers
29
27
138
836
1,785
65
441
31
309
53
36
58
79
61
53
55
48
34
27
56
39
42
35
50
32
56
81
44
383
57
257
34
39
36
44
20
356
267
42
665
35
29
118
106
82
72
43
171
144
41
33
80
75
94
81
30
58
28
43
4,308
1,442
136
173
37
100
31
34
28
Table 13.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
PENNSYLVANIA-Con.
Williamsport
York • .-
RHODE ISLAND
C ranston
East Providence »
Newport
Pawtucke t
Providence •
Warwick
Woonsocket
SOUTH CAROIINA
Charleston i
Columbia '
Greenville
Spartanburg •
SOUTH DAKOTA
Rapid City
Sioux Falls...
TENNESSEE
Chattanooga
Jackson
Johnson City
Knoxville
Memphis '
Nashville •
Oak Ridge
TEXAS
Abilene
Amarillo i
Austin '
Beaumont •.
Brownsville - _.
Corpus Ohristi
Dallas 1
El Paso
Fort Worth i
Galveston
Houston 1
Laredo '
Lubbock >
Odessa
Port Arthur '...
San Angelo
San Antonio i
Temple
Tyler
Waco_..
Wichita Falls
UTAH
Ogden
Provo 1
Salt Lake City i...
Number of police de-
partment employees
TOTAL
Police
officers
Civil-
ians
55
54
1
86
83
3
75
74
1
71
68
3
91
89
2
151
139
12
527
442
85
59
56
3
97
93
4
159
146
13
147
137
10
12fi
115
11
79
76
3
27
26
1
69
63
6
167
156
11
38
38
37
36
1
185
152
33
463
369
94
337
273
64
40
39
1
72
64
8
126
117
9
207
162
45
108
96
12
56
42
14
135
119
16
758
657
101
186
153
33
453
425
28
87
87
854
708
146
56
52
4
123
113
10
63
57
6
67
64
3
52
42
10
409
342
67
30
30
43
43
105
101
4
78
69
9
63
61
2
29
26
3
241
222
19
City
VERMONT
Burlington
VIRGINIA
Alexandria i
Arlington ' _.
Charlottesville '
Danville i
Hampton i
Lynchburg i
Newport News '
Norfolk 1..
Petersburg
Portsmouth.
Richmond i
Roanoke
WASHINGTON
Belllngham
Bremerton
Everett..
Seattle!
Spokane '
Tacoma •
Vancouver
Yakima
WEST VIRGINIA
Charleston
Clarksburg
Fairmont
Huntington
Morgantown _.
Parkersburg.
Wheeling.-
WISCONSIN
Appleton
Beloit
Eau Claire '
Fond du Lac
Green Bay
Kenosha i
La Crosse •
Madison
Manitowoc '
Milwaukee
Oshkosh
Racine '
Sheboygan
Superior
Wausau '
Wauwatosa •
West Allisi
WYOMING
Cheyemie
HAWAn
Honolulu City
Number of police de-
partment employees
TOTAL
46
112
142
45
73
60
75
78
362
46
96
352
127
45
55
50
875
228
240
55
70
132
33
31
107
16
34
94
47
46
59
39
86
86
70
158
43
1,599
60
135
55
58
43
66
82
548
Police
officers
103
125
44
71
57
64
71
316
43
88
320
123
44
48
48
767
203
217
54
70
107
33
29
97
16
32
93
46
44
49
36
80
75
63
133
40
1,509
60
123
55
57
41
66
79
40
457
1 The figures for the cities Indicated Include part-time employees expressed in terms of full-time personnel.
See comments on pages 23 and 24.
29
Table 14 —NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000
City
ALABAMA
Albertville
Alexander City.--
Andalusia ---
Athens i
Atmore
Attalla
Auburn '
Bay Minette
Boaz -
Brewton
Brundldge
Chickasaw
Childersburg
Clanton
Cullman --
Decatur
Dothan.-- --
Elba
Enterprise '
Evergreen
Fairfield
Fairhope
Fayette
Florala
Florence
Fort Pajme --
Geneva
Greenville
GuntersvUle
Haley ville
Hartselle-
Home wood
Jacksonville
Jasper
Lanett
Leeds
Lipscomb---
Marion '
Monroeville
Mountain Brook.
Northport
Oneonta
Gpelika.-. -
Opp
Ozark
Phenix City
Prattville
Prichard i
Russell ville
Scottsboro 1
Selma
Sylacauga
Talladega 1
Tallassee
Troy
Tuscumbia
Tuskegee
Union Springs >--
ARIZONA
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
Avondale
Bisbee
Casa Grande- -
Chandler '
Clifton
Coolidge
Douglas
Eloy
Flagstaff
Glendale
Globe
Mesa
Miami
Nogales
Prescott '
Saflord
7
17
9
13
6
9
21
6
5
5
2
11
5
5
11
27
39
4
10
3
17
5
6
4
25
10
4
7
5
8
6
11
6
14
11
6
3
4
2
12
6
5
19
9
7
26
3
24
6
8
36
22
19
5
10
13
ARIZONA— Con.
Tempc---
Tolleson.
Win slow.
Yuma '- -
ARKANSAS
Arkadelphia
BatesviUe
Benton
Blytheville
Brinkley
Camden
Clarendon..
Clarksville
Conway
Crossett
Dermott
De Witt'...- -.
El Dorado
Eudora
Fayette ville
Forrest City -^-
Hamburg 1
Harrison
Helena
Hope
Jonesboro
Magnolia
Malvern
Mena
Monticello
Morrilton
Newport
Osceola
Paragould
Paris
Piggott
Pocahontas
Prescott
Russell ville
Searcy
Siloam Springs
Springdale
Stuttgart
Texarkana
Trumann
Van Buren
Walnut Ridge
Warren-
West Helena '
West Memphis
Wynne
CALIFORNIA
Albany
Alturas
Anaheim i
Antioch
Arcadia
Areata
Atherton
Atwater
Auburn >
Azusa '
Banning
Barstow
Beaumont
Bell
Belmont '
Benicia
Bishop
Blythe
Brawley
Brea
Burlingame '
Calexico i
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
6
6
6
11
6
10
3
3
7
5
2
3
19
3
17
9
3
5
12
9
19
6
9
5
4
4
8
5
11
2
2
3
4
5
7
4
7
9
23
5
@
3
4
4
11
3
City
CALIFORNIA— Con.
Carmel by the Sea..
Chico •
Chino
Chowchilla
Chula Vista i
Claremont
Clovis
Coachella
Coalinga
Colton 1
Colusa
Concord-.
Corcoran
Corning
Corona
Coronado '
Covina i
Culver City >
Daly City >
Davis
Delano
Dinuba
El Cajon
El Centroi- ---
El Cerrito
El Monte- ---
El Segundo ---
Emeryville
Escondido
Eureka
Exeter
Fairfax-
Fairfield
Fillmore
Fontana
Fort Bragg
Fullerton
Gardena
Gilroy
Glendora
Grass Valley
Gridley
Hanford
Hawthorne
Hayward i
Healdsburg
Hemet
Hermosa Beach L.
Hillsborough
Hollister--
Huntington Beach.
Indio---
Laguna Beach
La Habra
La Mesa i
Larkspur
La Verne
Lindsay
Livermore
Lodi
Lompoc '
Los Banos
Los Gatos
Madera
Manhattan Beach-
Man teca »
Martinez
Marysville
Maywoodi
Menlo Park
Merced
Millbrae
Mill Valley
Modesto
Monrovia i
Montebello
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
10
21
11
8
30
10
7
4
12
27
4
18
8
4
17
20
13
50
31
5
13
6
13
30
30
19
21
14
15
32
5
5
9
6
17
5
27
25
9
5
17
29
42
8
7
25
11
8
17
15
17
11
19
5
6
8
11
29
12
12
9
17
25
11
11
21
26
22
31
9
9
44
33
30
See footnote at end of table.
30
Table 14.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30. 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000— Con.
City
CALIFORNIA— Con.
Monterey
Monterey Park
Mountain View
Napa '
National City
Needles
Nevada City
Newport Beach i
North Sacramento.- .
Oakdale
Oceanside •
Ojai
Ontario
Orange i
Oroville
Oxnard i .-.
Pacific Grove
Palm Springs i
Paso Robles L _.
Petaluma i
Piedmont.
Pittsburg
Placerville
Porterville
Port Hueneme
Red Bluff
Redding
Redlands
Reedley
Rialtoi
Riverbank.
Roseville '.
Salinas i
San Anselmo '
San Bruno '
San Carlos
San Fernando
San Gabriel
Sanger '
San Luis Obispo •
San Marino
San Pablo
San Rafael
Santa Clara
Santa Cruz
Santa Maria
Santa Paula
Santa Rosa •
Sausalito
Seal Beach
Sebastopol
Selma
Sierra Madre
Signal Hill 1 ___.
South Pasadena
South San Francisco-
Sunnyvale...
Susanville
Taft 1
Torrance
Tracy
Tulare.-..
Turlock
Ukiahi
Upland 1
Vacaville
Ventura i
Visalia
Wasco..
Watsonville >
West Covina «
Whiltier '
WiUits..
Willows
Woodlake
Woodland
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
CALIFORNIA— Con.
Yreka CitV-
Yuba City.
COLOSADO
Alamosa.
Aurora
Boulder
Brighton
Canon City
Cortez
Craig
Durango
Edgewater
Englewood
Florence
Fort Collins
Fort Morgan
Golden
Grand Junction..
Greeley
Gunnison ^...
La Junta fl..
Lamar
Las Animas i
Leadville...
Littleton
Longmont
Loveland
Manitou Springs.
Monte Vista
Montrose
Rocky Ford
Salida
Sterling
Trinidad--
Walsenburg
Niunber
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
CONNECTICUT
Ansonia '..-
Branford i
Danbury '
Danielson '
Derby'
Groton
Naugatuck '
Putnam '
RockvilleL
Sheltoni
Stafford Springs '
Wallingford i
Wlllimantic '
Winsted >
DELAWARE
Dover
Elsmere '...
Laurel
Lewes
Milford
Newark '-..
New Castle.
Seaford
FLORIDA
Apalachicola
Arcadia
iVuburndale
Avon Park
Bartow...
Belle Glade
Boynton Beach.
Bradenton
City
FLORIDA— Con.
Chattahoochee
Chipley
Clearwater '
Cocoa
Coral Gables
Crestview
Dade City
Danla
De Funiak Springs. .
De Land
Delray Beach
Dunedin '
Eustis
Femandina.
Fort Meade
Fort Myers
Fort Pierce
Green Cove Springs.
Gulfport
Haines City
Hallandale
Hialeah
Holly HUl
Hollywood
Homestead
Kisstmmee
Lake City
Lake Wales
Lake Worth'
Leesburg
Live Oak
Madison
Marianna.--
Melbourne
Miami Shores
Miami Springs
Mount Dora
New Smyrna Beach-
North Miami'
Ocala
Opalocka.--
Ormond '
Pahokee
Palatka
Palm Beach
Palmetto '
Perry
Pinellas Park
Plant City
Pompano Beach
Quincy.-
Riviera Beach
St. Augustine
St. Cloud
Sanford '...
Sarasota...
SeDring
South Miami...
Starke...
Stuart.
Tarpon Springs
Titusville
Vero Beach
Wauchula
West Miami...
AVinter Haven
Winter Park
Number"
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
GEORGIA
Adel
Alma..
Americus...
.\shbum
Barnesville.
Baxley
See footnobe at end of tabic.
31
Table 14.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000--Con.
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
Nimiber
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
GEORGIA— Con.
Buford
6
7
6
4
5
9
8
13
5
16
5
13
6
4
23
6
26
4
11
5
11
3
32
3
1]
12
4
4
23
3
33
14
6
6
4
6
6
7
7
4
32
12 1
7 i
6
22
4
15
3
4
6
6
6
5
6
1
9
4
7
6
3
12
20
6
17
9
5
31
7
9
5
30
7
3
IDAHO— Continued
Blackfoot
Buhl. ..
8
5
8
19
14
5
4
2
38
7
6
26
2
5
11
22
5
4
3
5
3
3
6
21
6
5
2
2
3
20
6
6
5
16
7
15
3
6
15
2
11
15
13
5
2
5
4
14
5
5
4
3
4
12
12
6
6
13
20
11
5
14
5
4
6
15
8
7
31
22
16
5
2
miNOIS— Con.
Flora
4
Cairo _
Forest Park i
22
Calhoun
Burley
Franklin Park i
12
Camilla
Caldwell....
Coeur d'Alene
Emmett
20
Canton
Fulton
1
Carrollton
4
Cartersville '
Gooding- ...
Galva.
2
Cedartown
Grange ville
Idaho Falls
Qeneseo _
5
Chamblee
6
College Park '
Jerome
; Kellogg
Lewiston
Georgetown ..
2
Commerce .
Gibson City
2
Cordele
Gillespie
3
Covington
Malad City
Glencoe '
Glen Ellyni
16
Cuthbert
Montpeller
15
Dalton....
Moscow. ..
15
Dawson ..
' Nampa
Harrisburg
6
Decatur L
Payette... .
5
Donalsonville.-
Preston
Harvey
21
Douglas
, Rexburg.
5
Douglasville
i Rupert ---
Herrin
6
Dublin
1 St. Anthony
Highland
Highland Park
G
Eastman ... . _
i Salmon . . ...
19
East Point
Sandpolnt
Twin Falls
^
Eatonton...
Hillsboro . . ..
5
Elberton '
Wallace
Hinsdale .
11
Fitzgerald
Weiser
ILIINOIS
Abingdon
Aledo.
Homewood .. .
7
Forest Park
Hoopeston .
5
Fort Valley
Jacksonville
16
Gainesville.
Jersevville-. .. .
5
Greensboro
Johnston City
Kenilworth
2
Griffin '
10
Hapevilie '
Anna
Arlington Heights '.--
Barrington
Batavia
Beardstown... ..
13
Hartwell...
La Grange
22
Hawkinsville
La Grange Park '
Lake Forest
12
Hazelhurst
20
Hogansville..
Lansing. .-
5
Jesup
Bellwood 1
Belvidere..
La Salle
14
Lafavette.- .
6
Lawrenceville --
Blue Island '
Lemont i. ..
2
Manchester
Bradley 1
Broadview .. .
Lewistown . ..
2
Marietta i __
Liberty vUle
6
Milledgeville
Brookflold- . .
Lincoln..
11
Millen ....
Bushnell
Cairo
Calumet City'
Canton
Carlinville >
Lincolnwood .-
8
Monroe-.
Litchfield
5
Moultrie
Lockport
Lombard
4
Xashville
10
Xewnan _ .
Loves Park ' -
4
Ocilla..
Carlyle
Carmi
Casey
Centralia
Charleston ..
Lyons i
16
Pelham. .
13
Porterdale.. .
Madison
15
Quitman.
Marengo ....
3
Rockmart ...
Marion
Markham '
Marseilles
Marshall . . . .-
6
Rossville
Chester
ChilUcothe
Christopher '
3
Sanders ville
Silvertown
4
3
Statesboro
Clinton
Colltnsville..
Mascoutah
1
Summerville
Matoon
19
Swainsboro
Creve Coeur
Crystal Lake i
Deerfield >
DeKalb
Des Plaines...
3
Svlvania .
Melrose Park'
23
Tallapoosa
6
Thomaston
Thoniasville '
Metropolis
Midlothian '
Momence
Monmouth
Monticello 1
Morris '
Morrison
Morton
Morton Grove
Mount Carmel
11
8
Thomson
Dixon
2
Tifton 1.
Dolton
Downers Grove
Du Quoin ..
10
Toecoa
5
Trion_._
7
Valdosta'...
Dwight
East Alton .
3
Vidalia '
3
Warner Robins
East Moline '
12
Washington
Edwards ville .
6
Effingham
Elmhurst
Elmwood Park i
Evergreen Park '
Fairfield
Farmington
3
Winder
Mount Prospect
Mount Vernon
7
IDAHO
14
4
Alameda
Murphysboro
Naperville '
5
10
See footnote at end of table.
."51.3691°— 54 5
32
Table 14— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000— Con.
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
IlLINOIS-Con.
Newton .. .
2
Niles 1
Nokomis. ..
11
3
8
Northbrook
4
North Chicago '
North Lake '
11
9
North Riverside '
Oak Lawn '
8
12
O'Fallon
3
Oplesby .-. -
4
Olney
7
3
Ottawa
16
7
Pana -
5
Paris
10
Park Forest
14
Park Ridge 1 - ..
25
Paxton -
4
Pekin
15
6
Peru.-
11
Phoenix '
2
2
Pittsfidd
3
Pontiae
6
4
Rantoul - ..
8
7
River Forest '
River Grove ' .-
23
8
14
Robinson
4
Rochelle'
8
Rock Falls
6
2
St. Charles
9
Salem
6
3
Savanna
6
Shelby ville --
4
Silvis
3
Skokie' -
32
South Beloit'
5
South Holland •
2
2
Spring Valley
5
3
Steger '
4
Sterling!
15
6
Streator
16
Sullivan
5
Summit i -
12
5
Tavlor ville
7
3
Ilrbana
16
Vandalia '
5
Venice
13
Villa Park
9
Virden
1
Washington Park'...
Waterloo
4
2
Watseka
Westchester'.-
6
8
West Chicago'
Western Springs'
West Frankfort
5
12
5
3
Westville
2
Wheaton .
15
White Hall
3
Wilmette '
26
Wilmington '...
5
ILLINOIS— Con.
Winnetka '.
Wood River-.
Woodstock '
Zion '..-
INDIANA
Alexand ria
Angola
Attica
Auburn
Aurora
Batesville.
Bedford
Beech Grove
Bieknell
Bluffton
Boonville
Brazil
Bremen
Brookville
Charlestown..
Chesterton
Clarksville
Clinton
Columbia City '...
Columbus
Coimersville
Crawfordsville '
Crown Point
Decatur '
Delphi
Dunkirk
East Gary'
Elwood
Fairmount
Frankfort '
Franklin
Garrett
Gas City-- -.
Goshen
Greencar.tle
Greenfield
Greensburg
Greenwood
Griffith' ...
Hartford City
Highland '
Hobart---
Huntington
Jasonville
Jasper
Jeffersonville
Kendallville-
Knox -
La Porte '--
Lawrenceburg
Lebanon
Linton
Logansport- -
Martinsxille
Mitchell---
Monticello
Munster.
Nappanec- _ -
New Castle '
Noblesville
North Manchester.
North Vernon '
Oakland City
Paoli---
Peru
Petersburg
Plainfield
Plymouth '
Portland
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
INDIANA— Con.
Princeton
Rensselaer '
Rochester '_ --
Rushville.
Salem
Scottsburg
Sevmour
Shelbyville
Speedway
Sullivan-
Tell City
Tipton
Union City
Valparaiso '
Vincennes
Wabash
Warsaw '
Washington
West Lafayette
West Terre Haute. .
Whiting- --
Winchester- -
IOWA
Albia
Algona
Ames
Anamosa
Atlantic
Audubon
Belle Plaine
Bettendorf 1
Bloomfteld
Boone '.^
Carroll
Cedar Falls
Centervillc
Chariton
Charles City
Cherokee
Clarinda
Clarion
. Creston
Decorah
Denlson
De Witt
Eagle Grove--
Eldora
Emmetsburg
Estherville
Fairfield
Forest City
Fort Madison
Glen wood
Grinnell
Hampton '
Harlan
Hawarden
Humboldt.-
Independence
Indianola
Iowa Falls.-
Jeflerson
Keokuk
Knoxville
Le Mars
Manchester
Maciuokcta
Marion '
Marshalltown
Alissouri Valley
Monticello ' -
Mount Pleasant —
Muscatine
Nevada
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
See footnote at end of table.
33
Table 14.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000— Con.
City
IOWA— Con.
New Hampton _
Newton
Oelwein
Onawa
Osceola
Oskaloosa-
Pella
Perry '
Red Oak_. -..
Rock Rapids
Sac City
Sheldon
Shenandoah
Spencer '
Storm Lake
Tama
Tipton
Vinton
Washington
Waukon
Waverly
Webster City
West Des Moines ' .
Winterset _.
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
KANSAS
Abilene
Anthony
Arkansas City..
Atchison
Augusta '
Baxter Springs.
Belleville
Beloit
Caney
Chanute
Cherry vale
Clay Center
Cofleyville •.__.
Colby.
Columbus
Concordia
Council Grove..
Dodge City
El Dorado
Ellin wood
Emporia '
Eureka
Fort Scott
Fredonia
Galena
Garden City '_.
Garnett
Goodland
Great Bend
Hays__.
Herjngton
Hiawatha
Hoisington
Helton
Hugoton
Independence...
Ida
Junction City..
Kingman
Lamed
Lawrence '
Leavenworth...
Liberal i
Lyons i
Manhattan
Marysville
McPherson '
Neodesha
City
KANSAS— Con.
Newton
Norton
Olathe
Osawatoraie
Ottawa
Paola
Parsons
Phillipsburg
Pittsburg
Pratt
Russell
Scott City
Wellington
WLiifield
KENTUCKY
Barbourville
Bardstown '
Belle vue
Berea
Bowling Green
Campbollsville _
Carrollton '
Catlettsburg
Central City.
Corbin
Cumberland
Cynthiana
Danville
Dayton
Earlington
Elizabethtown
Elsmere
Erlanger
Fort Thomas
Frankfort
Franklin
Fulton
Georgetown
Glasgow
Greenville
Harlan
Harrodsburg
Hazard
Henderson i
Hopkinsville
Irvine
Jenkins
Lebanon
London
Ludlow
Madison ville
Mayfield
Maysville '
Middlesboro
Monticello
Morehead
Morganfleld
Mount Sterling
Murray
Nicholasville
Paintsville
Paris
Park Hills
Pikeville
Piiieville
Prestonsburg
Princeton
Providence
Richmond
Russell ville
Somerset
South Fort Mitchell
Versailles
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
KENTUCKY— Con.
Williamsburg
Winchester
LOUISIANA
Abbeville '
Berwick
Bogalusa i
Bossier City
Bunkie
Church Point
De Quincy
De Ridder
Donaldson ville '
Franklin..
Hammond
Haynesville
Homer
Houma
Jemiings
Jonesboro
Kaplan
Kenner
Mansiield
Minden
Morgan City
Natchitoches i
New Iberia
New Roads
Oakdale
Opelousas
Pineville
Plaquemine
Ponchatoula
Port Allen
Rayne '
Ruston
St. Martinville
Slidell
Springhill
Tallulah
Thibodaux
Vinton
West Monroe i
Winnfield
Winnsboro
MAINE
Auburn i
Augusta
Bath
Belfast'
Biddeford
Brewer '
Brunswick
Calais '
Eastport
Ellsworth
Gardiner '
Hallowell
Madison
Old Town
Presque Isle
Rockland i
Rumford
Saco 1
South Portland i
Waterville
Westbrook
MARYLAND
Annapolis
Bel Air 1
Bladensburg
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
See footnote at end of table.
34
Table 14.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000— Con.
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
MARYLAND-Con.
Brentwood '
Brunswick
Cambridge
Capitol Heights.
riisHcld I
Iviston 1
Klkton...
Frederick i
Frostburg
Oreenbelt i
Havre de Grace '
Hyattsville i
Laurel •
Mount Rainier..
Pocomoke City..
Riverdale '
Rockville
Salisbury
Takoma Park...
Westernport
Westminster • _ . .
MASSACHUSETTS
Abington i
Adams
Amesbury
Amherst
Andover i
Athol
Attleboro
Auburn >
Ayer i...
Barnstable •
Blackstone
Braintree i
Bridgewater '
Canton '
(^linton 1
Concord '
Dalton
Danvers '
Dartmouth '
Dcdham
Dracut '
Easthampton i —
Fairhaven '
Franklin '
Gardner '
Great Barrington.
Greenfield..
Hingham
H udson '
Ipswich
Leei
Leominster
Lexington '
Longmeadow'
Ludlow '
Mansfield
Marblehead ■
Marlborough
Mayiiard
Middleborough...
Milford
Millhury '
Milton
Montague
Xaiituckct '
Xatiek 1
.Veedham'
Xewburyport •
North Adams
North Andover...
North Attleboro '.
Northbridge '
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
MASSACHUSETTS—
Continued
Norwood •
Orange
Palmer '
Peabody i
Plymouth
Provincetown
Randolph '...
Reading
Rockland
Rockport
Saugus '
Southbridge •
South Hadley
Spencer
Stoneham
Stoughton '
Swampscott '
Uxbridge i
Wakefield i
Walpole '
Ware '
Webster '..
Wellesley i
Westfleldi
West Springfield
Winchendon '.
Winchester '
Winthrop '
Wobum - -
MICHIGAN
Adrian '
Albion -
.\lgonac
Allegan
Allen Park
Alma
Alpena
Bad Axe
Belding
Benton Harbor '
Berkley
Bessemer
Big Rapids
Birmingham
Boyne City
Buchanan
Cadillac
Carol
Center Line
Charlevoix •
Charlotte
Cheboygan
Chelsea
Clawson ._
Cold water
Dowagiac '
Durand _
East T^etroit
East Grand Rapids '_.
East Lansing '
Eaton Rapids
Ecorsc'
Escanaba
Essexville '
Feiiton '
Fremont •
Garden City
Gladstone
Grand Haven
Grand Ledge
Greenville
Grosse Pointe
Grosse Pointe Farms..
Grosse Pointe Park '..
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
MICHIGAN Con.
Grosse Pointe Woods
Hancock
Hastings
Hazel Park!
Hillsdale'
Holland 1
Holly
Houghton
Howell >
Hudson
Huntington Woods..
Inkster
Ionia •
Iron Mountain •
Iron River
Ironwood
Ishpeming
Kingsford
Lapeer '
Livonia '
Ludington
Manistee
Manistique
Marine City '
Marquette
Marshall
Marysville
Mason '
Melvindale '
Menominee
Midland i
Milan
Monroe •
Mount Clemens
Mount Morris
Mount Pleasant
Munising
Muskegon Heights. .
Negaunee '..
Newberry..
Niles
Norlhville '
Norway
Otsego
Owosso 1
Petoskey
Plauiwell
Pleasant Ridge'
Plymouth
River Rouge
Rochester
Rogers City
Romeo
Roseville
St. Clair
St. Clair Shores
St. Ignace
St. .Johns..
St. Joseph I
St. Louis'
Sault Ste. Marie •
South Haven
Sturgis
Tecumseh
Three Rivers...
Traverse City
Trenton '...
Vassar '
Wakefield
Wayne '
Ypsilanti '
Zeeland '..
MINNESOTA
Albert Lea
18
See footnote at end of table.
35
Table 14.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000— Con.
City
MINNESOTA— Con.
Alexandria
Anoka
Austin I
Bayport i... -.-
Bemidji
Benson
Blue Earth
Brainerd
Breckenridge
Brooklyn Center
Cambridge
Chisholm
Cloquet
Columbia Heights..
Crookston
Crosby
Crystal
Detroit Lakes
East Grand Forks. .
Edina
Ely
Eveleth
Fairmont
Faribault
Fergus Falls
Fridley
Glencoe
Glen wood - .
Golden Valley
Grand Rapids
Granite Falls
Hastings
Hibbing
Hopkins '
Hutchinson '
International Falls..
Jackson
Lake City
Le Sueur '
Litchfield
Little Falls
Luverne...
Mankato *
Marshall
Moorhead.
Morris
New Ulm i
Northfield
North Mankato
North St. Pauli.._.
Ortonville
Owatonna
Park Rapids
Pipestone
Proctor
Red Wing
Redwood Falls
Richfield
Robbinsdale
St. .Tames
St. Louis Park
St. Peter
Sauk Centre
Sauk Rapids
Shakopee
Sleepy Eye
South St. Paul
Springfield
Staples
Stillwater
Thief River Falls i..
Tracy
Two Harbors
Virgmia
Wadena
Waseca
30
3
9
4
4
16
4
1
1
14
12
8
9
3
5
6
9
12
11
14
11
16
10
3
3
2
5
6
4
5
27
10
5
8
4
4
3
4
7
4
28
8
17
3
12
5
3
4
4
12
4
4
2
13
3
17
8
4
16
4
2
2
2
4
22
3
4
9
8
2
6
23
5
5
See footnote at end of table.
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
MINNESOTA— Con.
White Bear Lake
Willmar '
Windom...
Worthington
MISSISSIPPI
Aberdeen
Amory
Bay St. Louis.-
Booneville
Brookhaven
Canton
Clarksdale
Cleveland '
Columbia
Columbus
Corinth
Ellisville
Forest
Greenwood
Grenada
Gulf port
Hazlehurst
Holly Springs
Indianola
Kosciusko
Leland
Lexington
Long Beach
Louisville
McComb
Moss Point
Natchez i
New .Albany
Newton
Ocean Springs
Pascagoula '
Philadelphia
Picayune
Port Gibson
Tupelo 1
Water Valley!
West Point
Winona
Yazoo City
MISSOURI
Aurora
Berkeley
Bethany
Bolivar
Boonville
Brentwood '
Brookfield
Butler
California
Cameron
Cape CJirardeau
Carrollton
Carthage
Caruthersville
Chaffee
Charleston •
Chillicothe
Clayton
Clinton
DeSoto
Dexter
Eldon
E.xcelsior Springs L..
Farmington
Fayette
Ferguson
Festus'
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
MISSOURI-Con.
Flat River
Florissant i
Glendale '
Hannibal
Harrison ville •
Hayti
Higginsville
Jackson
Jennings
Kennett
Kinloch i
Kirksville
Kirkwood '
Ladue
Lamar '
Lebanon
Lees Summit
Liberty
Louisiana
Maiden
Maplewood •
Marceline
Marshall
Maryville
Mexico
Moberly...
Monett
Neosho..
Nevada
New Madrid '
North Kansas City '
Overland •
Pagedale '
Pine Lawn i
Poplar Blufl
Portageville
Richmond
Richmond Heights..
Rock Hill
Rollai
St. Ann >
St. Charles 1
Salem
Sedalia
Shrewsbury •
Slater
Sullivan...
Trenton
Valley Park
Vandalia
Warrensburg
Washington
Webb City
Webster Groves
Wellston
West Plains '
MONTANA
Bozeman
Cut Bank
Deer Lodge
Dillon
Glasgow
Glendive
Hamilton
Havre
Helena
Kalispell
Laurel
Lewistown
Livingston
Miles City
Missoula
Roundup
Shelby
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
36
Table 14— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000— Con.
City
MONTANA— Con.
Sidney
Whitefish...
Wolf Point _
NEBRASKA
Alliance
Auburn
Beatrice
Bellevue
Blair
Broken Bow...
Chadron
Columbus
Cozad. --
Crete'
Fairbury
Falls City
Fremont
Gering
Gothenburg...
Grand Island..
Hastings
Holdrege
Kearney
Lexington
McCook
Nebraska City.
Norfolk
North Platte...
Ogallala
O'Neill
Plattsmouth...
Schuyler
Scottsblufl
Seward
Sidney
Superior
Valentine
Wahoo
West Point
York
NEVADA
Carson City
ElkQi
Ely
Las Vegas
North Las Vegas.
Sparks
Winnemucca
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Berlin.
Claremont L.
Derry ■
Dover
Exeter'
Franklin
Keene '
Laconia '
Lebanon •
Littleton '....
Milford
Newport '. ..
Portsmouth..
Rochester
Somers worth _
NEW JERSEY
Asbury Park
Atlantic Highlands.
Audubon
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
NEW JERSEY— Con.
Barrington
Belmar
Bergenfield
Beverly
Bloomingdale '
Bogota •
Boon ton
Bordentown
Bound Brook
Bradley Beach i
Bridgeton '
Burlington •
Caldwell'
Cape May
Carlstadt
Carteret
Chatham '
Clayton
Cliffside Park
Closter '
CoUingswood '
Cranford '
Cresskill '
Dover '
Dumont '.
Dunellen '
East Paterson '
East Rutherford '
Eatontown
Edgewater
Ege Harbor City'...
Englewood '
Fair Haven '
Fair Lawn '
Fairview
Fanwood '
Flemington '
Fort Lee '
Franklin
Freehold '
Garwood '
Glassboro
Glen Ridge
Glen Rock '
Gloucester City '
Guttenberg '
Hackettsto^vn
Raddonfield '
Haddon Heights
Hammonton '
Harrison
Hasbrouok Heights '.
Hawthorne ■
Highland Park
Highlands
Hiehtstown '
Hillsdale'
HUlside '_ .-
Keansburg
Kenilworth.
Keyport '
Lambertville
Lconia '_
Lincoln Park
Little Forry _._
Little Silver
Lodi '
Long Branch '..
Lyndhurst '
Madison '
Manusquan '
Maiivillp '.-
Margate City
Matawan '
Maywood '...
Merchantville '
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
NEW JERSEY— Con.
Metuchen '
Middlesex '
Midland Park'
Millbum '
Milltown '
Millville'
Morris Plains
Morristown '
Mount Ephraim '
Neptune '
Neptune Township '..
New Milford '
New Providence '
NewtonV
North Arlington '
Northfield...
North Haledon
North Plainfield '
Oaklyn
Ocean City
Oceanport
Oradell'..
Palisades Park '
Palmyra '
Paramus '
Park Ridge
Paulsboro '
Pennsauken '
Pcnns Grove
Phillipsburg '
Pitman '
Pleasantville
Point Pleasant
Pt. Pleasant Beach...
Pompton Lakes '
Princeton '..
Prospect Park '
Rahway '.._
Ramsey '_
Raritan '
Red Bank'
Ridgefield'
Ridgefield Park'
Ridgewood '
River Edge'
Riverton.-
Rockaway
Roselle '
Roselle Park...
Rurason '
Runnemede '..
Rutherford
Salem '.
Sayrevillc-
Secaucus
Somerville '
South -\niboy'
South Bound Brook '
South Orange
South Plainfield
South River '
Summit '
Tenafly '
Totowa '
Union Beach '
Ventnor City
Verona '
Vineland '
Waldwick '..
Wallington '
Wanaque '
Washington '
Woohaw ken
West Caldwell'
WcstfioUl >.-
Wi'St Long Branch
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
See footnote at end of table.
37
Table 14.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000— Con.
City
NEW JERSEY— Con.
West Patorson '
Westville
AVpstwood '
Wharton i
Wild wood
Woodbury
Wood Lynne..
Wood Ridge '..
NEW MEXICO
Alainogordo
Artesia
Belen
Carlsbad
Clavton
Clovis
Deming
Farmington
Gallup
Hobbs
Hot Springs
LasCruces '
Las Vegas City...
Las Vegas Town.
Lordsburg
Lovington
Portales
Raton
Silver City
Socorro
Tucumcari
NEW YORK
Albion
Amityville
Attica_
Babylon
Bald wins ville •
Ballston Spa '
Batavia
Bath.
Beacon •
Blasdell
Brockport •
Bronx ville
Canajoharie i
Canandaigua
Canastota '__ _..
Canisteo
Canton
Carthage
Catskill
Cobleskill
echoes
Cooperstown
Corinth
Coming
Cortland 1
Coxsackie •
Croton on Hudson...
Dansville
Depew ■
Dubbs Ferry
Dolge ville
Dunkirk '
East Aurora '
East Rochester '
East Syracuse. .. ...
EUenville '
Elraira Heightsi
Elmsford
Endicott '
Falconer
Fayette ville
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
NEW YORK-Con.
Floral Park '
Fort Edward
Fort Plain
Frankfort
Fredonia __.
Freeport >
Fulton
Garden City '
Geneseo '
Geneva '
Glen Cove '
Glens Falls •
Qloversville '
Goshen
Oou verneur
Gowanda
Granville '
Green Island '
Qreenport
Hamburg '
Hamilton
Hastings on Hudson '
Haverstraw '
Herkimer *_ . .
Highland Falls'
Homer
Hoosick Falls '
Hornell '
Horseheads '
Hudson 1
Hudson Falls '
Ilion
Irvington
Johnson City
Johnstown
Kenmore '
Lake Placid
Lakewood ' _.
Lancaster '
Larchmont i
Le Roy
Liberty
Little Falls
Liverpool '
Long Beach '
Low ville
Lynbrook '
Lyons '
Malone '
Malvorne i
Mamaroneck
Massena
Mechanic ville 1
Medina...
Middletown '
Mohawk
Monticello '
Mount Kisco '
Mount Morris
Newark ' .
New York Mills
North Pelham '
Northport '
North Syracuse
North Tarry town
North Tonawanda...
Norwich
Nyack '
Ogdensburg
Clean i
Oneida i
Oneonta
Ossining i
Oswego
Owego
PnlmjTa
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
NEW YORK— Con.
Patchogue
Peek-skill 1
Pelham Manor
Penn Yan i
Plattsburg '
Pleasantville i
Port Chester i
Port Jervis '
Potsdam
Rensselaer.
Rock ville Centre '-_ .
Rye
Salamanca
Saranac Lake
Saratoga Springs
Saugerties
Scarsdale
Scotia 1
Seneca Falls
Silver Creek i
Sloan
Solvay
Southampton '
South Glons Falls i._
South Nyack
Spring Valley '
Spring ville '
Suflern
Tarrytown
T iconderoga
Tonawanda '
Tuckahoe .
Tupper Lake
Walden i
Walton
Wappingers Falls
Warsaw
Warwick '
Waterford •
Waterloo '
Water vliet '
Watkins Glen
Waverlv '
Wells ville
Westfleld...
Whitehall
Whltesboro
Yorkville
NORTH CAROLINA
Ahoskie
Albermarle
Asheboro
Beaufort
Belhaven
Belmont
Bessemer City
Boone
Brevard
Burlington
Canton i
Chapel Hill i
Cherryville
Clinton
Concord
Draper
Edenton
Elizabeth City
Elkin
Forest City
Gastonia
Ooldsboro
Graham
Greenville
Hamlet
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
See footnote at end of table.
38
Table 14.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000— Con.
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
NORTH CAROUNA—
Continued
21
12
33
14
14
31
15
8
19
24
4
18
10
14
11
12
17
15
5
11
12
13
4
25
18
7
7
6
34
16
3
5
22
3
11
8
3
4
26
14
22
5
7
5
17
8
8
7
31
24
8
11
3
13
8
25
4
7
4
13
2
4
19
31
9
1
6
5
7
OHIO— Continued
Bedford'
15
18
11
10
16
18
13
6
6
9
16
8
16
3
17
16
5
3
7
7
9
17
13
7
3
12
15
6
2
8
15
10
4
14
10
25
6
6
5
20
5
10
22
17
7
18
14
7
21
16
5
7
7
3
11
3
10
5
5
7
19
7
11
10
24
8
3
6
5
11
6
6
4
10
4
19
OHIO— Continued
g
Henderson
Bellaire '
JC
Henderson ville
Bellefontaine
Martins Ferry
14
Hickory '
Bellevue
5
Jacksonville
Berea '
12
Kines Mountain
Bexley
Mayfield Heights
Medina '. ,
9
Kinston
Bowling Green
Breeks ville
13
Laurinburg
10
Leaksville
Bridgeport
Middleport
3
Lenoir
Brooklyn
4
Lexington,.
Brook Park '
Mingo Junction
Montpelier
7
Louisburg
Bryan
3
Lumberton
Bucyrus '
Mount Healthy
Mount Vernon
4
Marion.
Cadiz.
19
Monroe
Cambridge
7
Mooresville.
Campbell ...
Nelsonville
4
Morehead City
Carey
New Boston
10
Morganton
Carrollton...
Newburgh Heights '..
Newcomerstown
New Lexington
New Philadelphia '.,.
Newton Falls '
Niles
7
Mount Airy
Celina
7
Mount Olive
Chagrin Falls '
Cheviot I
3
Newton
IS
North Wilkes boro
Chillicothe
Oxford
Circleville
19
Plymouth.
Clyde .
North Baltimore
North Canton '
North College Hill....
North Olmsted
North Royalton '
3
Reidsville
Columbiana..
4
Roanoke Rapids
Conneaut
5
Rockingham..,
Coshocton '
Roxboro.
Crestline '
7
Rutherfordton. -
Crooksville. _._
13
Salisbury
Deer Park
32
Sanford
Defiance
Oberlin '
6
Scotland Neck
Delaware
Orrville ' .
5
Selma.
Dennison.. .
Ottawa
3
Shelby
Dover '
Oxford
fi
Siler City
Eastlake '
Painesville
18
Smithfield
Southern Pines
East Liverpool '
East Palestine
Eaton
Parma Heights '
Perrysburg
11
8
Spencer
Piqua
19
Spindale
Elmwood Place
Fairborn..
Pomeroy .
4
Statesville '
Port Clinton
8
Tarboro
Fairport Harbor '
Fair view Park '
Findlay
Ravenna .
9
Thomasville
Reading
11
Valdese
3
Wadesboro
Fostoria
Rocky River '
Rossford
20
Wake Forest'
Franklin
3
Washington..
Fremont
14
Waynes ville
Galion..
St. Marys
7
Whiteville
Gallipolis
Garfield Heights
Girard...
12
Williamston
Sebring.
4
Wilson
2
Golf Manor
Shelby
10
NORTH DAKOTA
Grandview Heights.. .
Greenfield
Sidney
13
Silverton. .. ._
7
Bismarck
Devils Lake
Greenhills
Greenville
Hicksville
Solon
South Euclid '...
5
24
Dickinson
7
Grafton
Hillsboro
Hubbard '
16
Jamestown
4
Mandan
Huron >
Independence .
Tifhn.
20
Minot
Tipp City '
4
Rugby
fronton
Toronto
7
Valley City
Jackson
Troy
Uhrichsville
12
Wahpeton
Kent
6
Williston
Kenton
University Heights '..
Upper Arlington
Upper Sandusky
Urbana
21
Lancaster. .
13
OHIO
Lebanon.. ..
5
Ada....
Leetonia
Lincoln Heights '
Lisbon
10
14
Amherst...
Wadsworth '
13
Ashland '
5
Ashtabula
Logan..
London .
Wanvnsvilli' Heights.
AVashington C. H
7
Athens
11
Avon '
Louisville
IvVndhurst •
1
Avon Lake
4
Barnesville '
Wellston .
7
Bay
Maple Heights '
Wellsville
7
See footnotp nt (mkI of tabic
39
Table 14.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000— Con.
City
OHIO— Continued
West Carrollton '.
Wester ville
Westlake
Whitehall
Wickliffe
Willard
Willoughby '
Willowick ■
Wilmington
Windham '
Wooster ■
Wyoming '
Xenia
Yellow Springs
OKLAHOMA
Ada
Altus'
Alva
Anadarko
Antlers
Ardmore
Atoka
Bartlesville
Blackwell
Bristow
Broken Arrow.-
Chandler
Checotah
Cherokee
Chickasha
Claremore
Clinton
Cordell. _..
Cushuig
Del City
Dewey
Drumright
Duncan i
Durant
Edmond i
Elk City
El Reno
Guthrie
Guymon
Healdton
Henryetta '
Hobart
Holden ville '
Hollis
Hominy
Hugo
Idabel
Kingfisher '
Konawa
Lindsay
Madill
Mangum
Marlow
McAlester
Miami
Midwest City '.
Nowata..
Okemah
Okmulgee
Pawhuska
Pawnee
Pen-y
Ponca City
Poteau
Pryor Creek
Purcell
Sallisaw
Sand Springs
Sapulpa
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
12
13
4
3
9
4
10
3
3
5
6
4
2
5
3
4
4
21
17
17
5
4
18
11
4
5
27
3
7
4
5
8
11
City
OKLAHOMA— Con.
Sayre
Seminole
Shawnee
Stillwater
Sulphur
Tahlequah
Tonkawa
Vinita '
Walters
Watonga...
Weatherford
Wewoka
Woodward
OREGON
Albany i
Ashland
Astoria
Baker
Beaverton
Bend
Burns
Coos Bay
Coquille
Corvallis '
Cottage Grove
Dallas
Forest Grove
Grants Pass
Qresham
Hermiston
HiUsboro
Hood River
Klamath Falls
La Grande
Lebannon
McMinnville
Medford
Milwaukie... _.-
Newberg '
Newport
North Bend
Nyssa
Ontario
Oregon City i
Oswego
Pendelton
Prine ville '
Redmond
Roseburg
St. Helens
Seaside
Silverton
Springfield
Sweet Home
The Dalles
Tillamook
West Linn
PENNSYLVANIA
Aldan
Ambler
Ambridge
Apollo '
Archbald
Arnold i
Ashland
Ashley
Aspinwall
Athens
Avalon
Avoca
Baden
Bangor
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
PENNSYLVANIA-
Continued
Barnesboro
Beaver
Beaver Falls
Bedford
Bellefonte '
Bellevue '
Bellwood
Bentleyville
Berwick i
Birds boroi
Blairsville'
Blakely >
Bloomsburg i
Boyertown '
Braekenridge
Braddoek C
Bradford
Brentwood i
Bridgeport
Bristol
Brockway
Brownsville
Butler 1
California
Camp Hill
Canonsburg
Carbondale i
Carlisle I
Carnegie 1
Castle Shannon
Catasauqua '
Centervllle i
C hambersburg
Charleroi
Cheltenham
Clairton
Clarion
Clarks Summit
Clearfield
Clifton Heights
Clymer
Coaldale
CoatesvUIe
Collingdale i
Columbia '
Connells ville
Conshohocken
Coplay
Coraopolis
Corry
Crafton i
Cresson
Curwensville '
Dallastown
Danville
Darby 1
Derry
Dickson City •
Donora
Dormont '
Do^vnuigtown
Doylestown '
Dravosburg
Du Bois
Dunmore'
Dupont J
Duquesne
Duryea
East Conemaugh
East Lansdowne
East Mauch Chunk
East McKcesport i.
East Pittsburgh
East Stroudsburg...
Ebensburg
See footnote at end of table.
40
Table 14.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000— Con.
City
PENNSYLVANIA—
Continued
Eddystone »
Edwardsville '..
Elizabeth'
Ellwood CityL.
Emmaus
Emporium
Emsworth
Ephrata
Etna"
Exeter'
Farrell'
Ford City
Forest City"
Forest Hills"...
Forty Fort'
Fountain Hill...
Franklin '
Freeland
Freeport
Qallitzin
Gettysburg'
Gilberton'
Girardville
Glassport
Greencastle
Greensburg
Greenville
Grove City
Hamburg
Hanover
Hanover Twp."..
Harrison Twp. . .
Hatboro'
Hellertown
Hollidaysburg. . .
Homestead '
Honesdale
Hummelstown. ..
Huntingdon
Indiana '.
Ingram '
Irwin
Jenkintown
Jermjm
Jersey Shore
Johnsonburg
Kane
Kenhorst
Kennett Square.
Kingston.
Kittanning
Kulpmont
Kutztown
Lansdale '
Lansdowne '
Lansford
Larksville "
Latrobe
Laureldale
Leechburg "
Lehighton '
Lemoyne
Lewisburg '
Lewistown..
Lititz-.
Littlestown
Lock Haven
Luzerne
Lykens
Mahanoy City..
Manlioim '
Mansfield
Marcus Hook
Masontown '
Mauch Chunk...
5
7
5
16
6
2
4
8
8
4
21
5
3
8
6
5
19
3
2
1
8
1
1
5
2
25
8
6
3
10
22
8
9
7
4
29
5
1
5
14
4
4
12
1
3
4
4
2
5
18
9
2
3
14
18
5
11
13
2
3
5
4
5
16
3
1
15
5
2
6
3
2
10
4
2
See footnote at ond of tabic.
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
PENNSYLVANIA-
CO ntinued
McAdoo '.
McDonald
McKees Rocks
McSherrystown '
Meadville
Mechanicsburg '
Media '
Meyersdale
Middletown "
Midland
Millersville
Millvale "
Milton
Minersville
Monaca
Monessen "
Monongahela
Mon toursville
Moosic 1...
Morrisville "
Mount Carmel '
Mount Oliver.
Mount Perm
Mount Pleasant
Mount Union
Muncy...
Munhall '
Myerstown
Nanticoke
Nanty Qlo
Narberth
Nazareth "
New Brighton
New Cumberland
New Holland
Northampton '
North Belle Vernon '
North Braddock '
North Catasauqua...
North Charleroi
North East
Northumberland
North Wales
Norwood
Oakmont _
Oil City 1
Old Forge
Olyphant '
Oxford
Palmerton '
Palmyra
Parkesburg
Pen Argyl
Penbrook
Perkasie '
Phoenixville
Pitcairn '
Pittston '
Plains '
Plymouth '
Polk
Portage
Port Allegany
Port Carbon '
Port Vue
Pottstown
Pottsville'
Prospect Park
Punxsutawney '
Quakcrtown
Rankin '
Red Lion
Reynoldsville
lUdgvvay
Ridley Park
City
PENNSYLVANIA-
Continued
Roaring Spring
Rochester
Royersford "
St. Clair "_
St. Marys"
Schuylkill Haven i_..
Scottdale. _
Selinsgrove
Sewickley "
Shaler"
Shamokin
Sharon Hill"
Sharpsburg "
Sharpsville
Shenandoah
Shillington
Shippcnsburg
Slatington
Somerset
Souderton
South CoimellsvlUe "..
South Fork
South Greensburg
Southwest Greensburg.
South Williamsport...
Spring City
Springdale..
State College'
Steelton
Stroudsburg
Summit Hill
Sunbury
Susquehanna "
Swarthmore
Swissvale '
Swoyerville "
Tamaqua
Tarentum "
Taylor
Throop
Titusville
Towanda
Traflord'
Turtle Creek
Tyrone
Union City "
Union town
Upland
Vandergrift " _
Verona...
Warren
Wajmesboro
Waynesburg "
Weatherly _
Wcllshoro _
Weslevville
West Chester
West Hazelton
West Homestead ".. .
West Mifflin
Westniont "... __.
West Newton
West Pittston
West Reading
West View
West Wyoming __
West York....
Whitehall _
Wilnierding ".
Wilson..
Windber
Winton "
Wyoming "
Wyomissing
Yeadon.
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
41
Table 14.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000— Con.
City
PENNSYLVANIA-
Continued
Youngwood_
Zelienople...
RHODE ISLAND
Barrington i
Bristol
Burrillville
Central Falls
Cumberland
East Greenwich »__.
Johnston i
Lincoln
North Providence '.
Warren '
Westerly
West Warick '
SOUTH CAROLINA
Abbeville
Aiken i
Anderson
Andrews
Bamberg '
Beaufort
Belton
Bennettsville...
Camden
Cheraw
Clinton
Clover
Conway
Darlington
Denmark .-
Dillon
Easley
Eau Claire
Edgefield
Florence
Fort Mill
Oaffney
Georgetown
Greenwood
Greer
Hartsville
Honea Path
Kingstree
Lake City
Lancaster
Laurens
Marion
McColl
Mullins
Myrtle Beach...
Newberry
North Augusta.
Orangeburg
Rock Hill
Seneca... -.
Summerville
Sumter
Union
Walhallai
Whitmire
Williams ton
York..
SOUTH DAKOTA
Aberdeen 23
Belle Fourche 4
Brookings 6
Canton 3
Deadwood 5
See footnote at end of table.
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
SOUTH DAKOTA-
Continued
Hot Springs
Huron
Lead'
Lemmon
Madison '
Mitchell
Mobridge
Pierre
Redfleld
Sissetou
Spoarflsh
Sturgis
Vermillion
Watertown
Webster
Winner
Yankton i
TENNESSEE
Alcoa
Athens
Belle Meade '
Bristol
Brownsville
Clarksville i
Cleveland
Clinton
Columbia
Cookeville '
Covington '
Dayton
Dickson
Dyersburg
Eliza bethton
Etowah --
Fayetteville
Franklin
Gallatin I
Greene ville
Harriman
Henderson
Humboldt
Jefferson City
Kuigsport 1
La Follette
Lawrence burg i
Lebanon '
Lenoir City
Lewisburg
Lexington
Loudon
Martin
Maryville '
McKenzie
McMinn ville
Milan
Morristown
Mount Pleasant
M urfreesboro
Newport i
Paris
Pulaski
Ripley
Rockwood
Rogersville
Shelbyville
South Pittsburg
Sparta
Union City i
Winchester
TEXAS
Alamo
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
TEXAS— Con.
Alamo Heights
Alice
Alpine
Alvin
Andrews
Angleton
Arlington! .__
-Athens
Atlanta •
Ballinger >
Bastrop
Bay City
Baytown
Beeville
Belton
Big Spring
Bonham
Borger
Brady
Breckenridge
Brenham
BrovsTifleld
Brownwood
Bryan
Burkburnett
Cameron
Canadian
Canyon
Carrizo Springs...
Carthage
Center
Childress
Cisco
Cleburne
Cleveland
Coleman
College Station...
Colorado City
Commerce
Conroe
Corsicana
Crockett
Crystal City
Cuero
Dalhart
Decatur i
Del Rio
Denison
Denton
Donna
Dublin
Dumas.
Eagle Lake
Eagle Pass
Eastland
Edcouch
Edinburg
Edna
El Campo
Electra
Ennis
Falfurrias
Floydada
Fort Stockton
Freeport
Gainesville
Galena Park
Garland i
Gatesville •
Georgetovra
Qiddings
Gilmer
Gladewater
Gonzales
Graham
Grand Prairie ' . . .
42
Table 14.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000— Con.
City
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
TEXAS— Continued
Greenville
Haltom
Harlingen
Haskell
Hearne
Henderson
Henrietta
Hereford
Highland Park*..
Huntsville
Irving
Jacksboro
Jacksonville
Jeflerson
Karnes City
Kenedy
Kermit
Kerrville
Kilgore
Killeen
Kingsville
La Feria
Lake Jackson
Lamesa
Lampasas
Levelland
Liberty
Littlefield -
Llano
Longview i
Lufkin
Luling
Marfa
Marshall
McAllen
McCamey
McGregor -
McKinney
Memphis
Menard
Mercedes
Mexia
Midland
Mineola
Mineral Wells...
Mission
Monahans
Mount Pleasant '
Nacogdoches
Navasota
New Boston. -..
New Braunfels '.
Nocona
Olney
Orange '
Padueah
Palacios
Palestine -.
Pampa
Paris 1
Pasadena
Pearsall
Pecos--- -.
Perry ton
Pharr
Pittsburg
Plainview '
Port Lavaca
Premont
Quanah
Ranger '.
Raymond ville..
Robstown
Rotan '.
Rusk
San Augustine. _
City
TEXAS— Continued
San Benito
San Marcos ■
San Saba
Seguin
Seminole
Seymour
Sherman.
Sin ton
Smithville.
Snyder
South Houston •
Stamford
Stephen ville
Sulphur Springs
Sweetwater
Taft
Tahoka
Taylor
Teague
Terrell
Texarkana
Tulia
University Park
Uvalde
Vernon
Victoria '
Waxahachie
Weatherford
Wellington.
Weslaco
W. University Place.
Winnsboro
Winters '
Yoakum
Yorktown
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
UTAH
American Fork...
Bingham Canyon
Bountiful
Brigham
Cedar City
Clearfield
Heber
Helper
Layton
Lehii
Logan -
Mid vale. --
Murray
Nephi
Orem i
Payson
Pleasant Grove...
Price
Richfield
Roy
St. George
South Ogden
South Salt Lake..
Spanish Fork
Springville
Tooele
Vernal
VERMONT
Barre '
Bellows Falls...
Bennington '...
Brattleboro
Essex Junction.
Middlebury '..
Montpelier
Newjiort '
City
VERMONT— Con.
Rutland _
St. Albans 1
St. Johnsbury i.
Waterbury
Windsor
Winooski
VIRGINIA
Abingdon
AltaVista
Ashland
Bedford...
Big Stone Gap
Blacksburg
Blackstone
Bluefield
Bristol
Buena Vista
Chase City
Chincoteague
Christiansburg
Clifton Forge
Colonial Heights.
Covington
Culpeper
Emporia
Falls Church
Farm ville •
Franklin
Fredericksburg..
Front Royal
Galax
Harrisonburg
Hopewell
Lexington
Luray
Marion
Martinsville ^
Narrows
Norton
Orange.- -_
Pulaski
Radford
Richlands
Salem 1
Saltville
South Boston
South Norfolk'..
Staimton. ._
Suffolk I...
Virginia Beach i.
Waynesboro
Williamsburg
Winchester
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
WASHINGTON
.\berdeen
.\nacortes
.\uburn
Buckley
Camas _.
Centralia
Chehalis
Cheney
Colfax
College Place. -
Colville '
Dayton
Ellensbtirg
Enuniclaw
Ephrata.
Grand Coulee.
Grand view
Hoquiam
See footnote at end of table.
43
Table 14.— NUMBER OF POLICE DEPARTMENT EMPLOYEES, APR.
30, 1954, CITIES WITH POPULATION FROM 2,500 TO 25,000— Con.
City
WASHINGTON-
Continued
Kelso
Kennewick
Kent
Kirkland i
Longview
Moses Lake
Mount Vernon.
Olympia.- _
Omak
Pasco
Port Angeles
Port Townsend.
Prosser ___
Pullman L
Puyallup
Raymond
Renton
Sedro Woolley.-
Shelton
Snohomish
Sumner
Sunnyside
Toppenish
Turn water
Walla Walla.--.
Wapato
Wenatchee
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
WEST VIRGINIA
Beckley
Benwood '
Bluefield
Buckhannon
Charles Town
Chesapeake
Dunbar
Elkins
Follansbee
Grafton
Hinton
Kenova
eyser i
—i^eystone
Logan
Mannington
Martinsburg
McMechen
Montgomery
Moundsville
Mullens
New Martinsville.
Nitre
Oak Hill
PadenCity
Philippi
Point Pleasant
Princeton
Rich wood
Salem
City
WEST VIRGINIA—
Continued
Shinnston
South Charleston
Weirton
Welch 1
Wellsburg
Weston 1
Westover
White Sulphur Springs
Williamson
WISCONSIN
Algoma
Antigo
Ashland
Baraboo
Beaver Dam
Berlin
Black River Falls.
Bloomer
Burlington
Cedarburg
Chippewa Falls...
ClintonvUle
Columbus
Cudahy '
Delavan
De Pere
Dodgeville...
Edgerton i
Elkhom
EvansvDle
Fort Atkinson
Fox Point
Greendale '
Hartford
Horicon
Hudson
Hurley
Janesville i
Jefferson
Kaukauna
Kewaunee
Kimberly
Ladysmith
Lake Geneva
Lake Mills
Lancaster
Little Chute
Marinette
Marshfield
Mauston
MayvUle
Medford
Menasha
Menomonie
Merrill
Monona
Monroe
Neenah
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
City
WISCONSIN— Con.
Neillsville
New London
New Richmond..
O conomo woe
Oconto
Onalaska
Park Falls
Platteville
Plymouth
Portage '
Port Washington.
Prairie Du Chien.
Reedsburg
Rhinelander
Rice Lake
Richland Center i.
Ripon
River Falls
Shawano
Sheboygan Falls. .
Shore wood •
South Milwaukee.
Sparta
Spooner '
Stevens Point
Stoughton
Sturgeon Bay
Tomah i
Tomahawk
Two Rivers
Vtroqua
Watertown
Waukesha
Waupaca
Waupun
West Bend
West Milwaukee '.
Whiteflsh Bay i._.
Whitewater
Wisconsin RapidS-
Number
of police
depart-
ment em-
ployees
WYOMING
Buffalo
Casper
Cody
Douglas
Evanston
Green River
Lander
Laramie
Lovell
Newcastle
Powell !_..
Rawlins
Riverton
Rock Springs
Sheridan
Torrington
Worland
1 The figures for the cities indicated include part-time employees expressed in terms of full-time personnel,
lee comments on pages 23 and 24.
OFFENSES CLEARED AND PERSONS ARRESTED
Besides counting crimes which happen (offenses known), police
tally the number of crimes cleared by arrest of the offender. If an
auto is stolen, police score one auto theft. When the car is recovered,
a notation of this accomplishment is made. But only when the thief
is arrested can police show the crime as "cleared by arrest." Also they
are interested in knowing how many people are arrested. So the
police count offenses known and offenses cleared plus a count of
persons arrested.
The tally of offenses known and offenses cleared is limited to Part I
offenses (murder, negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, aggravated
assault, burglary, auto theft, and other theft). The number of
offenses know is not collected for other classifications (Part II
offenses) .
Offenses known for 1953 were reported in the annual issue of this
bulletin. At that time a 4.5 percent increase in city crime was seen
for the year. Crimes reported in 1953 by cities are shown again here
in relation to the number cleared by arrest and the number of persons
charged in these clearances. Also shown on the annual reports of
cities are the number of people found guilty and the number of people
arrested who were released without being formally charged.
Figures on the age, sex, and race of persons arrested in 1953 were
published in the 1953 annual issue of this bulletin. Those figures
include all persons arrested whether charged or released without being
charged and are from a separate annual report of city police.
Offenses Cleared by Arrest, 1953
Police experience in clearing major crimes in 1953 is summarized
here.
For each 100 people murdered, police arrested killers of 94. This
clearance by arrest rate is the high of the major crimes (Part I
offenses — murder, negligent manslaughter, rape, robbery, aggravated
assault, burglary, auto theft, and other thefts).
For each 100 people killed by criminal negligence of another
(negligent manslaughter) police arrested killers of 84. Most victims
of this crime represent traffic deaths.
For each 100 criminal homicides (murder and negligent man-
slaughter combined) police cleared 90 by arrest.
Police cleared by arrest 79 of each 100 rape offenses and 74 of each
100 aggravated assaults.
(44)
45
OFFENSES CLEARED BY ARREST
OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON
CALENDAR YEAR 1953
NOT CLEARED
FBI CHART
r
CLEARED
MURDER
93.7%
NEGLIGENT
MANSLAUGHTER
84.2%
RAPE
79.1%
AGGRAVATED
ASSAULT
73.6%
1,676 CITIES
62,219,047 POPULATION
Figure 3.
46
The above are considered crimes against the person (murder,
negligent manslaughter, rape, and aggravated assault). Clearance by
arrest for these personal crimes is high compared with property crimes.
Police cleared by arrest 75.5 percent of personal crimes — about 10
cleared for each 13 crimes.
By contrast, 22.9 percent of property crimes were cleared by arrest —
10 crimes cleared for each 44 reported. Part I crimes with property
as their object are robbery, burglary, auto theft, and larceny.
Robbery, a property crime, is similar to personal crimes — the
victim is confronted by the criminal. It has the highest clearance
rate of property crimes, almost 40 robberies being cleared by arrest
for each 100 reported to the police.
Other property crimes were cleared as follows: burglary, 26.8
percent; auto theft, 26.0 percent; and larceny, 19.6 percent.
The difference in the rates of clearance for crimes against the person
and property crimes is similar to that seen in other years.
The personal crimes plus the property crime of robbery are generally
considered the more vicious of the Part I crimes. Police possibly
concentrate on these and some of their clearances may be due to leads
provided by the personal contact of the victim with the criminal.
Although high on a percentage basis, clearances of personal crimes
are far down the scale in the bulk of police work. For example, about
94 percent of the murders were cleared as compared with almost 20
percent of the larcenies (theft other than autos). But clearances of
murder represent only 1 percent of all offenses cleared while clearances
of larcenies represent over 42 percent of all clearances. Police repre-
sented in the following tables reported 66,398 offenses against the
person and cleared 50,162 (17.2 percent of all clearances). They
reported 1,052,894 crimes against property and cleared 240,936, 82.8
percent of all clearances for the year 1953.
The figures here are based on reports of police in 1,676 cities showing;
1,119,292 Part I crimes with 291,098 cleared by the arrest of 226,931
persons. Note that the number of offenses cleared does not agree
with the number of persons arrested in making these clearances. This
is because an offense, can be marked cleared upon the arrest of at
least one of the wrongdoers. One person may commit several crimt^s
before he is arrested. His arrest and tie-in by investigation with
these crimes permit the police to show all his crimes cleared by
arrest. The reverse is also true. Several persons involved in 1 crime
may be arrested but only 1 crime is shown as cleared by arrest. The
1,676 cities whose annual reports are summarized here represent a total
population of 62,219,047 (1950 decennial census).
47
Table 15— OFFENSES KNOWN CLEARED BY ARREST, AND PERSONS
CHARGED (HELD FOR PROSECUTION), 1953, BY POPULATION
GROUPS, NUMBER PER 100 KNOWN OFFENSES
[Population figures from 1950 decennial census]
Population group
Criminal
homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary,
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny,
theft
TOTAL, GROUPS I-VI
1,676 cities; total population, 62,219,-
047:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP I
34 cities over 250,000; total popula-
tion, 28,721,553:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP n
50 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 7,319,258:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP m
102 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 7,202,189:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP IV
187 cities, 25,000 to 50,000: total popu-
lation, 6,594,689:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP V
509 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total popu-
lation, 7,834,036:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged
GROUP VI
794 cities under 10,000; total popula-
tion, 4,547,322:
Offenses known
Offenses cleared by arrest
Persons charged___
100.0
93.7
93.5
100.0
84.2
74.9
100.0
79.1
74.2
100.0
39.7
35.9
100.0
73.6
60.3
100.0
26.8
19.0
100.0
19.6
14.7
100.0
94.7
94.0
100.0
89.3
96.1
100.0
93.1
98.6
100.0
93.4
85.1
100.0
96.5
94.0
100.0
88.9
76.8
100.0
83.2
70.7
100.0
85.7
76.7
100.0
81.5
73.1
100.0
87.1
84.5
100.0
91.2
94.9
100.0
83.8
81.8
100.0
77.8
69.7
100.0
78.4
73.4
100.0
78.6
80.6
100.0
92.1
97.1
100.0
79.1
81.0
100.0
84.1
92.5
100.0
39.1
32.3
100.0
42.1
42.1
100.0
39.1
48.5
100.0
42.9
49.6
100.0
39.1
49.2
100.0
48.1
61.0
100.0
69.8
52.6
100.0
71.7
56.5
100.0
83.2
78.0
100.0
86.8
85.9
100.0
89.7
90.9
100.0
85.1
94.0
100.0
24.7
16.0
100.0
28.2
19.5
100.0
26.9
19.7
100.0
30.7
24.4
100.0
30.2
24.0
100.0
33.7
32.1
100.0
19.4
14.5
100.0
19.9
14.3
100.0
17.7
14.3
100.0
20.3
15.5
100.0
18.5
14.0
100.0
25.1
18.4
Offenses cleared and persons charged per 100 offenses are shown
above, table 15. Figures by crime class are set up for the 1,676 cities
grouped by size. Raw figures on offenses known and offenses cleared
sent in by these 1,676 cities grouped geographically are listed in the
next table. Also, total offenses and clearances with percent cleared
are shown for each Part I crime class.
48
OFFENSES CLEARED BY ARREST
OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY
CALENDAR YEAR 1953
NOT CLEARED
FBI CHART
ROBBERY
BURGLARY
LARCENY
AUTO THEFT
CLEARED
39.7%
26.8%
19.6%
26.0%
1,676 CITIES
62,219,047 POPULATION
Figure 4
49
Table 16.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN, NUMBER AND PER-
CENTAGE CLEARED BY ARREST, 1953, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVI-
SIONS
[Population figures from 1950 decennial census]
Criminal
homicide
Bur-
Geographic division
Mur-
der,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
as-
sault
glary,
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny,
theft
Auto
theft
TOTAL, All DIVISIONS
1,676 cities; total population,
62,219,047:
Number of offenses known --
3,066
2,261
7,519
41, 736
53, 552
258, 524
628, 735
123, 899
Number cleared by arrest
2,873
1,903
5,949
16, 550
39,437
69, 207
122,968
32,211
Percentage cleared by arrest
93.7
84.2
79.1
39.7
73.6
28.8
19.6
26.0
New England States:
138 cities; total population,
5,046,489:
Number of oflenses known. .
76
197
287
745
818
12, 276
30,583
5,998
Number cleared by arrest. _.
62
163
274
414
683
3, 955
7,251
2,051
Percentage cleared by arrest.
81.6
82.7
95.5
55.6
83.5
32.2
23.7
34.2
Middle Atlantic States:
367 cities; total population,
16,049,751:
Number of offenses known..
458
578
1,662
10, 707
11, 739
64,820
116,106
21,874
Number cleared by arrest.. .
423
479
1,317
3,102
7,668
12,515
17, 773
4,838
Percentage cleared by arrest.
92.4
82.9
79.2
29.0
65.3
19.3
15.3
22.1
East North Central States:
431 cities; total population,
16,532,914:
Number of oflenses known. .
768
516
2,185
14,374
13, 215
54,982
161, 093
30, 192
Number cleared by arrest.. .
730
466
1,689
6,668
9,491
18,311
34,359
9,444
Percentage cleared by arrest.
95.1
90.3
77.3
46.4
71.8
33.3
21.3
31.3
West North Central States:
180 cities; total population.
5,393,599:
Number of oflenses known..
200
155
617
3,104
3,608
19,330
53,630
9,910
Number cleared by arrest...
185
138
474
1,155
2,529
5,088
10,347
2,768
Percentage cleared by arrest.
92.5
89.0
76.8
37.2
70.1
26.3
19.3
27.9
South Atlantic States: i
148 cities; total population.
5,908,101:
Number of oflenses known..
639
235
970
3,783
15,546
30, 592
70, 442
17,064
Number cleared by arrest...
597
215
801
1,911
12, 705
10, 239
18, 107
3,645
Percentage cleared by arrest.
93.4
91.5
82.6
50.5
81.7
33.5
25.7
21.4
East South Central States:
54 cities; total population.
1,867,667:
Number of oflenses known..
222
64
124
980
2,249
8,739
15, 062
4,250
Number cleared by arrest. -.
212
55
115
367
1,563
2,075
3, 346
1.014
Percentage cleared by arrest.
95.5
85.9
92.7
37.4
69.5
23.7
22.2
23.9
West South Central States:
74 cities; total population.
3,884,044:
Number of oflenses known. .
436
204
546
2,089
3,307
22, 851
50, 958
12,042
Number cleared by arrest...
416
187
447
794
2,618
5,986
10, 544
3,090
Percentage cleared by arrest.
95.4
91.7
81.9
38.0
79.2
26.2
20.7
25.7
Mountain States:
78 cities; total population.
1,648,772:
Number of oflenses known. .
74
27
233
1,101
677
10, 555
28, 943
4,379
Number cleared by arrest
69
16
186
461
528
2,983
6,263
1,402
Percentage cleared by arrest.
93.2
59.3
79.8
41.9
78.0
28.3
21.6
32.0
Pacific States:
206 cities; total population,
5,887,710:
Number of oflenses known. .
193
285
895
4,853
2,393
34,379
101,918
18, 190
Number cleared by arrest...
179
184
646
1,678
1,652
8,055
14, 978
3,959
Percentage cleared by arrest-
92.7
64.6
72.2
34.6
69.0
23.4
14.7
21.8
> Includes the District of Columbia.
50
Persons Charged, 1953
The high in 1953 for persons arrested and charged per unit of popu
lation was in the second largest city group (100,000 to 250,000 popu-
lation). This includes driving while intoxicated and negligent man-
slaughter but not other traffic violations.
Second high in number of persons charged per unit of population
in 1953 was the third largest city group (50,000 to 100,000 population).
The largest cities (over 250,000 population) were third in the frequency
of persons arrested and charged.
Although the larger cities (over 50,000 population) arrest and charge
more persons per unit of population than do those under 50,000 ir
population, exceptions are found in the individual crime categories.
For example, more persons were charged proportionally in the
smallest city group (under 10,000 population) with driving while
intoxicated than in any other city group. In this classification the
largest cities (over 250,000 population) charged the fewest persons
per 100,000 population.
The figures reported by 1,676 cities are shown in these tables o:
persons charged in 1953. Also shown are the rates or number o:
persons charged per 100,000 inhabitants. It is important to nott
that the 1950 decennial census figures were used in obtaining thes(
rates. This is because population figures for all cities are not available
for intercensal years. Based on the information at hand indication;
are that the rates woulel be approximately 5 percent lower than showi
had current population figures been available for the reporting cities
In addition to a consideration of the above, in any comparisoi
between these rates for various groups or with local rates there ar<
other factors involved.
For example, in some jurisdictions persons arrested for drunkennoss
may as a matter of practice be chargeel with elisorderly coneluct rathe]
than drunkenness. Similarly, persons arrested for prostitution anc
commercialized vice may frequently be charged with vagrancy oi
disorderly conduct rather than the substantive violation. Sue!
practices may result from prosecutive policies, local custom, and public
opinion.
In compiling these figures, police properly count only one persor
charged even though several charges may be placed against the one
person. Similarly, if 5 persons are arrested and charged for joint
commission of 1 crime, 5 persons charged are tallied. Correspondence
and questionnaires are used extensively to keep a high degree ol
uniformity in these figures. For example, only 89 or 5.3 percent oi
the 1,676 reports used were based on the number of charges placed
rather than the number of persons charged.
51
These data also represent all or some juvenile offenders charged
except for 92 or 5.5 percent of the cities whose reports are included.
However, 103 cities (6.1 percent) reported that their reports were
only partially complete as to juvenile offenders. Juvenile offenders
are correctly listed opposite the crime for which they are arrested,
such as robbery, auto theft, etc., even thouo:h the charge placed against
them may be of a technical nature such as "juvenile delinquent."
All but 21 or 1.3 percent of the cities reporting juveniles charged
properly listed the juveniles opposite the substantive offense. The
21 listed them opposite "all other offenses."
52
Table 17.— PERSONS CHARGED (HELD FOR PROSECUTION), 1953,
ALL OFFENSES EXCEPT TRAFFIC, NUMBER AND RATE PER
100,000 INHABITANTS, BY POPULATION GROUPS
[Population figures from 1950 decennial census]
Offense charged
GRAND TOTAI
BATE PER 100,000 .
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonncgli-
gent manslaughter:
Number of persons
charged.. ._
Rate per 100,000
(b) Manslaughter by neg-
ligence:
Number of persons
charged _.
Rate per 100,000
Robbery:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Other assaults:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000.
Burglary — breaking or enter-
ing:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Larceny — theft;
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Auto theft:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Stolen property; buying, re-
ceiving, possessing:
Number of persons charged _
Rate per 100,000
Forgery and counterfeiting:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercial-
ized vice:
Number of persons charged
Rate per 100,000.
Sex offenses (except rape and
prostitution):
Nu m her of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons charged-
Rate per 100,000..
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc.:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000 ....
Offenses against family and
children:
Number of persons charged
R.ite per 100,000 -..
Liquor laws:
Num her of persons charged
Rote per 100,000
TOTAI
1,676
cities;
total pop
ulation,
62,219,047
2, 632, 891
4,221.6
2,867
4.6
1,693
2.7
14. 971
24.1
32, SOD
51.9
92. 428
148.6
49, 059
78.8
92, 376
148.5
28, 084
45.1
16, 402
26.4
4,322
10, 004
16.1
5,581
9.0
25, 538
41.0
23, 118,
37.2
11,974
19.2
18. 589
29.9
32. 272
51.9
46, 130
74.1
Group I
.'?4 cities
over
250,000;
Group II
50 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
28,721,553
popula-
tion,
7,319,258
1,237,0.35
4, 307. 0
386,317
5, 278. 1
1,764
6.1
369
S.O
906
3.2
230
3.1
10, 268
35.8
1,579
21.6
18, 385
6-10
3,522
48.1
36,764
128.0
IS, 321
209.3
22, 880
79.7
6,664
89.7
42,016
146.3
12,519
171.0
14, 905
51.9
3,534
48.3
8,492
29.6
2,746
37.5
2,314
8.1
457
6.2
3,932
13.7
1,400
19.1
3,390
11.8
636
8.7
14,942
52.0
6, 574
76.2
10,430
36.3
4,044
66.3
9,149
31.9
1,009
13.8
9. 386
32.7
2,396
32.7
14.904
51.9
4,314
58.9
13.920
4S.5
9,095
124.3
Group III
102 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
7,202,189
Group IV
322,811
4. 482. 1
287
4.0
182
2.5
1,214
16.9
4,387
60.9
13, 229
183.7
5,166
71.7
10, 697
148.5
2,633
36.6
1,746
24.2
482
6.7
1,371
19.0
494
6.9
3,172
44.0
2,812
39.0
962
13.4
2,381
33.1
4,799
66.6
7,102
98.0
187 cities,
25,000 to
.50,000;
popula-
tion,
6,594,689
194
2.9
1&4
2.5
768
11.6
2,436
36.9
11,525
174.8
5,418
82.2
10, 775
163.4
2,517
38.2
1,630
24.7
391
5.9
1,321
20.0
443
6.7
954
14.5
2, 889.
43.8
328
5.0
2.079
31.5
3,633
55.1
6, 021
91.3
Group V
.509 cities,
10,000 to
2.1,000;
popula-
tion,
7,834,036
261,392
3, 336. 6
187
2.4
130
1.7
733
9.4
2.371
30.3
10,457
133. 5
6,466
69.8
10, 621
134.3
2,729
34.8
1,154
14.7
337
4.3
1,318
16.8
333
4.3
547
7.0
2,126
27.1
377
4.8
1.530
19.6
3. .545
45.3
6.138
78.4
53
Table 17.— PERSONS CHARGED (HELD FOR PROSECUTION), 1953,
ALL OFFENSES EXCEPT TRAFFIC, NUMBER AND RATE PER
100,000 INHABITANTS, BY POPULATION GROUPS— Continued
(Population figures from 1950 decennial census]
0 Sense charged
TOTAL
Group I
Group n
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
1,676
cities;
total pop-
ulation,
62,219,047
34 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
28,721,553
50 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
7,319,258
102 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
7,202,189
187 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
6,594,689
509 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
7,834,036
794 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
4,547,322
Driving while into.xicated:
Number of persons charged .
Rate per 100,000
120, 790
194.1
323, 690
520.2
1,142,419
1, 836. 1
117,517
188.9
92. 118
148.1
328, 649
528.2
35, 606
121.0
170,220
592.7
490, 170
1, 706. 6
53, 790
187.3
67, 575
235.3
180,937
630. 0
15,803
215.9
34, 165
466.8
190, 196
2, 598. 6
24,352
332.7
10, 827
147.9
35, 665
487.3
17, 960
249.4
38, 010
527.8
149, 343
2, 073. 6
13, 902
193.0
5,635
78.2
34,845
483.8
15, 375
233.1
26, 761
405.8
116, 758
1,770.5
10,611
161.4
4,307
65.3
28, 856
437.6
20, 310
259.3
30,268
386.4
117,969
1, 505. 9
9,032
115.3
2,725
34.8
31,089
396.8
15, 736
346 0
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons charged _
Rate ppr 100,000
24,266
533.6
Drunkenness:
Number of persons eharged-
Rate per 100,000
77,983
1,714.9
Vagrancy:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
5,800
127.5
Gambling:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
1,049
23.1
All other offenses:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
17, 257
379 5
A complete analysis of traffic charges was not included in the reports
of all 1,676 cities used above. However, 1,037 of the reports con-
tained separate entries for (1) violation of road and driving laws
(moving violations), (2) parking violations, and (3) other traffic and
motor vehicle law violations (except driving while intoxicated). The
following table reflects these figures.
Table 18.— PERSONS CHARGED (HELD FOR PROSECUTION), TRAF-
FIC VIOLATIONS, EXCEPT DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED, 1953;
NUMBER AND RATE PER 100,000 INHABITANTS. BY POPULATION
GROUPS
[Population figures from 1950 decennial census]
TOTAL
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Offense charged
1,037
cities;
total pop-
ulation,
48, 115, 402
26 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
23, 176, 490
42 cities,
100,000
to 250,000;
popula-
tion,
6, 189, 763
85 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
5, 952, 338
144 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
5, 069, 877
345 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
5,357,195
395 cities,
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
2, 369, 739
Road and driving laws:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000...
2, 866, 680
5, 957. 9
13,147,584
27, 325. 1
702, 778
1, 460. 6
1, 653, 782
7, 135. 6
4, 443, 704
19, 173. 3
345, 173
1, 489. 3
351. 710
5, 682. 1
2, 302, 626
37, 200. 6
116, 583
1, 883. 5
330, 588
5, 553. 9
2, 024, 925
34,019.0
101, 414
1, 703. 8
223, 881
4, 415. 9
1, 773, 030
34, 971. 9
59, 660
1, 176. 8
213, 439
3, 984. 2
1, 858, 845
34, 698. 1
54,566
1, 018. 6
93, 280
3, 936. 3
Parking violations:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
744,454
31,415.0
other traffic and motor vehicle
laws:
Number of persons charged.
Rate per 100,000
25. 382
1,071.1
54
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56
PERSONS FOUND GUILTY
(PERCENT OF PERSONS CHARGED PART 1 OFFENSES)
CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON
CALENDAR YEAR 1953
MURDER
59.4%
1,279 CHARGED
NEGLIGENT
MANSLAUGHTER
44.2%
688 CHARGED
RAPE
62.4%
2,266 CHARGED
AGGRAVATED
ASSAULT
51.3%
15,122 CHARGED
197 CITIES OVER 2S.O0O INHABITANTS
TOTAL POroUTKW 25,340,424
Figure 5.
Persons Found Guilty, 1953
About every other murder and rape case coming to the attention
of tlic poHce is closed with the conviction of the offender. For neg-
hgent manslaughter, aggravated assault, and robbery the chances are
better than 1 out of 3 that the investigation will end in a conviction.
In crimes of stealth the pattern is somewhat different. Less than 1
out of 4 burglaries are closed with a conviction, wiiile convictions
result in only about 1 out of 6 reported auto thefts and other larcenies.
57
Such generalizations may be drawn from the data shown in table
20 which presents for the Part I offense classes the number of of-
fenses known, the number cleared by arrest and the number of persons
found guilty for 1953 as reported by 197 cities with over 25,000
inhabitants, total population 25,340,424.
Table 21 is based on the reports from the same cities and presents
the figures as to persons charged and persons found guilty for the
Part II offense classes only since the uniform crime reporting pro-
gram does not provide for the collection of data on offenses known to
the police for offense classifications other than the Part I group shown
in table 20.
As in prior years, during 1953, the highest percentage of persons
formally charged who were found guilty was for those arrested for
driving while intoxicated. Nearly ninety percent of persons so
charged were found guilty. The lowest percentage, 44.2 percent,
was for manslaughter by negligence.
Questionnaires accompanying the annual returns and correspond-
ence with the contributors assisted in selecting the reports which were
correctly prepared for use in the following tabulations. In other
words, each of the police departments whose reports were used in
tables 20 and 21 indicated affirmatively that the data for persons
found guilty represented final dispositions rather than primary or
some other interim findings.
Table 20.— OFFENSES KNOWN. CLEARED BY ARREST, AND NUMBER
OF PERSONS FOUND GUILTY, 1953; 197 CITIES OVER 25,000 IN
POPULATION
[Total population 25,340,424 based on 1950 decennial census]
Offense (Part I classes)
TOTAL
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and normegli-
geut manslaughter -
(b) Manslaughter by neg-
ligence
Rape
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary— breaking or enter-
ing
Larceny— theft (except auto
theft)
Auto theft
Number of offenses
Known
to the
police
1,388
992
3,881
22, 636
28, 980
108, 215
278, 959
58, 631
Cleared
by arrest
143. 674
1,307
821
2,992
10, 281
21,969
33, 408
57, 822
15, 074
Number of persons
Charged
(held for
prosecu-
tion)
101, 473
1,279
2,266
7,673
15, 122
20, 288
41, 621
12, 536
Found guilty
Total
guilty
70, 599
760
304
1,413
5,625
7,758
15,017
31,427
8,295
Offense
charged
59, 748
559
247
1,017
4,433
5,594
12, 228
28, 654
7,016
Lesser
offense
10,851
201
57
396
1,192
2,164
2,789
2,773
1,279
Percent-
age found
guilty
59.4
44.2
62.4
73.3
51.3
74.0
75.5
66.2
58
PERSONS FOUND GUILTY
(PERCENT OF PERSONS CHARGED PART 1 OFFENSESl
CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY
-^^r
^
BURGLARY
LARCENY
■V^-^/Tj AUTOTHEFT
73.3%
7,673 CHARGED
74.0%
20,288 CHARGED
75.5%
41,621 CHARGED
66.2%
12,536 CHARGED
197 CITIES OVER 25,000 MHABrTAKTS
rBI CHART I
TOTAL POPUUTION 25,340,424
Figure 6.
59
Table 21.— NUMBER OF PERSONS CHARGED (HELD FOR PROSECU-
TION) AND NUMBER FOUND GUILTY, 1953; 197 CITIES OVER 25,000
IN POPULATION
[Total population 25,340,424 based on 1950 decennial census]
Offense (Part II classes)
TOTAL.
Other assaults
Forgery and counterfeiting
Embezzlement and fraud.-.
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc.
Weapons; carrying, jjossessing, etc
Sex offenses (including prostitution and com-
mercialized vice)
Offenses against family and children
Narcotic drug laws
Liquor laws
Drunkenness; disorderly conduct; vagrancy..
Ganibling
Driving while intoxicated
Traffic and motor vehicle laws
All other offenses
Number of persons charged (held for
prosecution)
TOTAI
CHARGED
1 9, 571, 076
41.637
3,742
8,460
1,758
8,914
25, 077
15, 229
5,289
20,066
712, 568
31, 308
45, 155
2 8, 529, 220
122, 653
Found guilty
TOTAI
GUILTY
6, 420, 644
25, 550
2,743
5,581
932
6,870
18, 241
8,739
3,908
16, 265
534, 379
21, 497
40, 385
2 5, 661, 056
74, 498
Offense
charged
1 6, 280, 046
24, 629
2,437
5,121
860
6,505
17, 532
8,461
3,837
15, 934
529, 747
21,345
36, 886
2 5, 534, 794
71, 958
Lesser
offense
140, 598
921
306
460
72
365
709
278
71
331
4,632
152
3,499
126, 262
2,540
Percent-
age found
guilty
167.1
61.4
73.3
66.0
53.0
77.1
72.7
57.4
73.9
81.1
75.0
68.7
89.4
a 66.4
60.7
I The total figures are subject to footnote 2.
s Based on reports of 192 cities, total population 23,160,484.
60
PERSONS FOUND GUILTY
PERCENT OF PERSONS
CHARGED - PART II OFFENSES
CALENDAR YEAR 1953
STOLEN PROPERTY;
BUYING, RECEIVING, ETC.
53.0:
WEAPONS; CARRYING, POSSESSING, ETC. 77.
SEX OFFENSES (INCLUDING PROS- 70 Ho/
TITUTION AND COMMERCIALIZED VICE) ll.lo
OFFENSES AGAINST
FAMILY AND CHILDREN
57.4/
NARCOTIC DRUG LAWS
73.9;
LIQUOR LAWS
81.1
DRUNKENNESS; DISORDERLY
CONDUCT; VAGRANCY
75.0%
GAMBLING
68.7%
DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED
89.4'
TRAFFIC AND
MOTOR VEHICLE LAWS
66.4'
ALL OTHER OFFENSES
60.7;
Figures based on reports of 192 cities with over 25,000 inhabitants,
total population 23,160,484
All other figures based on reports of 197 cities with over 25,000 inhabitants,
total population 25,340,424
FBI CHART
Figure 7
61
Persons Released — Not Held for Prosecution, 1953
Persons released after arrest but without having been formally
charged are represented in the following tables. These figures do
not represent persons found not guilty and they are not included in
any of the preceding tables.
Persons released data do not include persons arrested for and
released to other jurisdictions. Each reporting jurisdiction lists only
those arrests made in connection with violations committed within
its area. Where summonses, notices, or citations are issued in
traffic and other violations, those individuals failing to respond by
appearing as ordered are represented in the released figures. How-
ever, if they are subsequently arrested and charged with the violation
for which they were originally cited, they are not represented in the
persons released data.
Table 22.— PERSONS RELEASED WITHOUT BEING HELD FOR PROS-
ECUTION, 1953; ALL OFFENSES EXCEPT TRAFFIC, NUMBER AND
RATE PER 100,000 INHABITANTS, BY POPULATION GROUPS
[Population flgui-es from 1950 decennial census)
TOTAI
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group
VI
Offense charged
927 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
35,260,344
24 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
16,301,891
23 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
3,333,603
62 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
4,349,442
121 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
4,264,941
307 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
4,718,818
390 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
2,291,649
GRAND TOTAL
252. 995
717.5
130, 611
801.2
30, 673
920.1
20,282
466.3
24,061
564.2
28, 965
613.8
18, 403
803 0
BATE PER 100,000-
Criminal liomicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegli-
gent manslaughter:
Number of persons re-
leased - .
258
0.7
147
0.4
2,350
6.7
2,086
5.9
6,619
18.8
5,862
16.6
12,184
34.6
3,062
8.7
1,287
3.6
399
1.1
137
0.8
29
0.2
1,357
8.3
933
5.7
3,495
21.4
1,939
11.9
4,789
29.4
1,035
6.3
467
2.9
114
0.7
20
0.6
31
0.9
368
11.0
454
13.6
767
23.0
755
22.6
1,189
35.7
400
12.0
260
7.8
41
1.2
39
0.9
40
0.9
209
4.8
148
3.4
363
8.3
486
11.2
618
14.2
287
6.6
93
2.1
40
0.9
35
0.8
31
0.7
246
5.8
298
7.0
774
18.1
920
21.6
1,897
44.5
510
12.0
233
5.5
116
2.7
24
0.5
10
0.2
109
2.3
142
3.0
711
15.1
1,031
21.8
2,283
48.4
487
10.3
157
3.3
42
0.9
3
Rate per 100,000
(b) Manslaughter by neg-
ligence:
Number of persons re-
leased
0.1
6
Rate per 100,000
Bobbery:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
0.3
61
2.7
Aggravated assault:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000.
91
4.0
Other assaults:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000..
509
22.2
Burglary— breaking or entering:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000..
731
31.9
Larceny— theft:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000..
1,408
61.4
Auto theft:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
343
15.0
Embezzlement and fraud:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
77
3.4
Stolen property; buying, receiv-
ing, possessing:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
46
2.0
62
Table 22.— PERSONS RELEASED WITHOUT BEING HELD FOR PROS-
ECUTION, 1953; ALL OFFENSES EXCEPT TRAFFIC, NUMBER AND
RATE PER 100,000 INHABITANTS, BY POPULATION GROUPS— Con.
[Population figures from 1950 decennial census]
Offense charged
Forprry and counterfeiting:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Rape:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Prostitution and commercial-
ized vice:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Sex offenses (except rape and
prostitution) :
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Narcotic drug laws:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Weapons; carrying, possessing,
etc.:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Offenses against family and
children:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Liquor laws:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Driving while intoxicated:
N umber of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Disorderly conduct:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Drunkenness:
Number of persons released .
Rate per 100,000
Vagrancy:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Gambling:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Suspicion:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
Al! other offenses:
Number of persons released .
Rate per 100,000
TOTAI
927 cities;
total
popula-
tion,
35,260,344
819
2.3
633
1.8
4,118
11.7
1,170
3.3
1,021
2.9
919
2.6
2,106
6.0
2,071
5.9
1,193
3.4
11,218
31.8
73, 681
209.0
5.773
16.4
3,455
9.8
87, 518
248.2
23, 066
65.4
Group I
24 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
16,301,891
161
1.0
193
1.2
3,525
21.6
280
1.7
551
3.4
372
2.3
665
4.1
871
5.3
120
0.7
2,736
16.8
38, 162
234.1
635
3.9
2,963
18.2
58, 802
360.7
6, 280
38.5
Group II
Group III Group IV Group V
23 cities,
100,000 to
250,000;
popula-
tion,
3,333,603
96
2.9
72
2.2
202
6.1
164
4.9
213
6.4
155
4.6
153
4.6
220
6.6
318
9.5
1,178
35.3
17,313
519.3
1,302
39.1
79
2.4
2,844
85.3
2,079
62.4
62 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
4,349,442
62
1.4
55
1.3
187
4.3
127
2.9
87
2.0
60
1.4
205
4.7
43
1.0
1,506
34.6
5.811
133.6
342
7.9
52
1.2
7, 743
178.0
1.602
36.8
121 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
4,264,941
186
4.4
95
2.2
26
0.6
228
5.3
67
1.6
132
3.1
232
5.4
384
9.0
196
4.6
1,566
36.7
3,466
81.3
834
19.6
173
4.1
6,589
154.5
4,827
113.2
307 cities.
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
4,718,818
174
3.7
169
3.6
26
0.6
254
5.4
CO
1.3
114
2.4
511
10.8
306
6.5
304
6.4
2,477
52.5
5,102
108.1
1,141
^4. 2
124
2.6
7,683
162.8
5.524
117.1
Group
VI
63
Table 23— PERSONS RELEASED WITHOUT BEING HELD FOR PROS-
ECUTION, TRAFFIC VIOLATIONS, EXCEPT DRIVING WHILE IN-
TOXICATED, 1953; NUMBER AND RATE PER 100,000 INHABITANTS,
BY POPULATION GROUPS
[Population figures from 1950 decemiial census]
TOTAL
623 cities:
total
popula-
tion,
20,347,477
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
Offense charged
18 cities
over
250,000;
popula-
tion,
8,382,557
13 cities,
100,000 to
250,000:
popula-
tion,
1,980,505
34 cities,
50,000 to
100,000;
popula-
tion,
2,366,835
84 cities,
25,000 to
50,000;
popula-
tion,
2,959,114
197 cities,
10,000 to
25,000;
popula-
tion,
3,000,149
277 cities
under
10,000;
popula-
tion,
1,658,317
Road and driving laws:
Number of persons released.
Rate perlOO.OOO
109, 861
539.9
856, 626
4,210.0
47, 127
231.6
34, 479
411.3
137,138
1, 636. 0
17,616
210.2
3,556
179.6
99, 279
5, 012. 8
5. 517
278.6
3,541
149.6
87, 049
3, 677. 9
1,238
52.3
41,323
1,396.5
216, 355
7,311.5
13,840
467.7
9,948
331.6
221,109
7, 369. 9
3,952
131.7
17, 014
1,026.0
Parking violations:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000
95, 696
5, 770. 7
Other traffic and motor vehicle
laws:
Number of persons released.
Rate per 100,000. .
4,964
299.3
CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES
Readers who are not entirely familiar with the uniform crime-
reporting program may be interested in a brief explanation of the
contents of crime reports included in this bulletin:
1. These crime figures are called "police statistics" to distinguish
them from judicial or penal statistics in the criminal field.
2. Crimes which are exclusively Federal are not included.
3. Each reporting agency counts only those crimes or arrests for
crimes committed in its jurisdiction. A sheriff reports only for his
rural areas outside the city or town limits of any urban places in his
county. This feature avoids duplication.
4. ''Offenses loiown to the police" is a term which refers to those
crimes included in the Part I offenses of the crime reporting classi-
fication. (See below for individual classes.) The Part I offenses are
limited to seven classes of grave offenses shown by experience to be
those most generally and completely reported to the police.
5. Offenses (crimes) for the Part I classes are reported as they
become known. The police may learn of the occurrence of crime in a
number of ways: reports of police officers; citizens' complaints;
notification from prosecuting or court officials; or otherwise.
6. Offenses are included without regard to: (a) the age of the
offender; (6) the value of property involved; (c) the recovery of stolon
property; (d) arrests; or (e) prosecutive action. The purpose is to
show the amount of crime which has occurred as distinguished from
arrest data, and the classifying is based strictly on the facts in
possession of the police.
7. Complaints found by police investigation to be groundless are
not included in crime tables in this bulletin, and returns which appear
incomplete or defective are excluded.
8. Arrest data is not included in "oft'enses known" information but
arrest data is collected separately for the entire crime classification,
Parts I and 11. So, the only information for Part II offenses is that
based on arrest data.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different cities,
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out as
current information which may throw some light on problems of crime
and criminal law enforcement.
The complete classification of crimes is shown below with brief
definitions for each:
Part I Offenses
1. Criminal homicide. — (a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
includes all willful felonious homicides as distinguished from deaths
(64)
65
caused by negligence. Does not include attempts to kill, assaults to
kill, suicides, accidental deaths, or justifiable homicides. Justifiable
homicides excluded from this classification are limited to the following
types of cases: (1) The killing of a felon by a peace officer in line of
duty; (2) the killing of a holdup man by a private citizen, (b) Man-
slaughter by negligence includes any death which the police investiga-
tion establishes was primarily attributable to gross negligence on the
part of some individual other than the victim.
2. Rwpe. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape (no force used —
victim under age of consent), assault to rape, and attempted rape.
3. Bobbery. — Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the
person by force or violence or by putting in fear, such as strong-arm
robbery, stickups, robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and at-
tempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault.- — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault
by shooting, cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by
the use of acids. Does not include simple assault, assault and battery,
fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreak-
ing, safecracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or a theft,
even though no force was used to gain entrance. Includes attempts.
Burglary followed by larceny is included in this classification and not
counted again as larcen}^.
6. Larceny — theft (except auto theft). — {a) Fifty dollars and over in
value ; (6) under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassi-
fications, depending upon the value of the property stolen, thefts
of bic3'cles, automobile accessories, shoplifting, pocket picking, or any
stealing of propert}^ or article of value which is not taken by force
and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement, "con"
games, forgery, worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or
driven away and abandoned, including the so-called joy-riding thefts.
Does not include taking for temporary use when actually returned by
the taker, or unauthorized use by those having lawful access to the
vehicle.
Part II Offenses
8. Other assaults. — Includes all assaults and attempted assaults
which are not of an aggravated nature and which do not belong in
class 4.
9. Forgery and counterfeiting. — Includes oft'enses dealing with the
making, altering, uttering, or possessing, with intent to defraud, any-
thing false which is made to appear true. Includes attempts.
10. Embezzlement and fraud. — Includes all offenses of fraudulent
conversion, embezzlement, and obtaining money or property by false
pretenses.
66
1 1 . Stolen property; buying, receiving, possessing. — Includes buying,
receiving, and possessing stolen property as well as attempts to com-
mit any of those offenses.
12. Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc. — Includes all violations of
regulations or statutes controlling the carrying, using, possessing,
furnishing, and manufacturing of deadly weapons or silencers and
all attempts to violate such statutes or regulations.
13. Prostitution and commercialized vice. — Includes sex offenses of
a commercialized nature, or attempts to commit the same, such as
prostitution, keeping bawdy house, procuring, transporting, or de-
taining women for immoral purposes.
14. Sex ofenses (except rape and prostitution and commercialized
vice). — Includes offenses against chastity, common decency, morals,
and the like. Includes attempts.
15. Ofenses against the family and children. — Includes offenses of
nonsupport, neglect, desertion, or abuse of family and children.
16. Narcotic drug laws. — Includes offenses relating to narcotic drugs,
such as unlawful possession, sale, or use. Excludes Federal offenses.
17. Liquor laws. — With the exception of ''drunkenness" (class 18)
and "driving while intoxicated" (class 22), hquor law violations.
State or local, are placed in this class. Excludes Federal violations.
18. Drunkenness. — Includes all offenses of drunkenness or intoxi-
cation.
19. Disorderly conduct. — Includes all charges of committing a breach
of the peace.
20. Vagrancy. — Includes such offenses as vagabondage, begging,
loitering, etc.
21. Gambling. — Includes offenses of promoting, permitting, or en-
gaging in gambling.
22. Driving while intoxicated. — Includes driving or operating any
motor vehicle while drunk or under the influence of hquor or narcotics.
23. Violation of road and driving laws. — Includes violations of regu-
lations with respect to the proper handling of a motor vehicle to
prevent accidents.
24. Parking violations. — Includes violations of parking ordinances.
25. Other violations of traffic and motor vehicle laws. — Includes viola-
tions of State laws and municipal ordinances with regard to traffic
and motor vehicles not otherwise provided for in classes 22-24.
26. All other ofenses. — Includes all violations of State or local laws
for which no provision has been made above in classes 1-25.
27. Suspicion. — This classification includes all persons arrested as
suspicious characters, but not in connection with any specific ofi'ense,
who are released without formal charges being placed against them.
o
^^
UNIFORM
CRIME
REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
ISSUED BY THE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
WASHINGTON, D. C
Volume XXV
ANNUAL BULLETIN
Number 2
1954
UNIFORM
CRIME REPORTS
FOR THE UNITED STATES
Volume XXV— Number 2
ANNUAL BULLETIN, 1954
Issued by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation
United States Department of Justice
Washington, D. C.
ADVISORY
International Association of Chiefs of Police
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1955
Boston Public Library
Superintendent of Documents
MAY 2 -1955
CONTENTS
Page
Summary of volume XXV, No. 2 67-68
Crime trends:
Estimated number of major crimes (table 24) 69-73
Urban trends (tables 25-27) 74-84
Rural trends (table 28) 84-85
Monthly variations (table 29) 86-89
Crime rates:
Urban rates (tables 30-33) 90-95
Rural rates (table 34) 96
Offenses in individual areas:
Cities over 25,000 (table 35) 97-105
Jurisdictions outside the United States (table 36) 106
Supplemental crime data:
Offense analysis trends (table 37) 107-108
Value of property stolen by type of crime (table 38) 108-109
Value of property stolen and value of property recovered (table 39) _. 109
Age, sex, and race of persons arrested:
Trends (table 40) 110-111
Age distribution (tables 41-42) 110-114
Sex distribution (table 43) 115
Race distribution (table 44) 116
Reporting area 117
Classification of offenses 1 18-120
Index to volume XXV 121-122
UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
J. Edgar Hoover, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department
of Justice, Wasliington, D. C.
Volume XXV JANUARY 1955 Number 2
SUMMARY
Estimated Major Crimes
Trend Up. Major crimes were up 5 percent — a new high of
2,267,250 estimated major crimes in 1954. The rise in this seventh
straight year of increases was due to robberies (+6.8 percent), bur-
glaries (+8.4 percent), and larcenies (+5.8 percent). Up slightly
were rapes (+0.7 percent) and aggravated assaults (+1.0 percent).
Decreases: Criminal homicide (—4.3 percent); and auto thefts
(—4.7 percent).
Population and Crime. Crime, up 26.7 percent since 1950, has
increased almost 4 times as fast as population (up 7 percent). Trans-
lated to crimes per 100,000 population, the crime rate or criminality
of this Nation is up 18.4 percent (1950-54).
Property Loss. A 413 million dollar loss to property crimes was
offset by a police recovery of about 55 percent.
Crime Trends, Urban — Rural
City crimes were up 4 percent in 1954. Increases in all cities
(grouped by size) ranged from 2.4 percent to 7.4 percent. Criminal
homicides and auto thefts were do\vn but increases in other major
crimes ranged from 0.7 percent (aggravated assaults) to 8.4 percent
(robberies).
City crimes now are 44.2 percent above 1937-39 (pre-World War
II average).
Rural crime climbed 8.3 percent. Criminal homicides, rapes and
auto thefts were down, all other offenses increased.
Monthly Variations
Crime Seasons. Murder and criminal assaults are high in warm
months. Robbery, burglary, and thefts predominate in the cool
months. Negligent manslaughters follow the curve of hazardous
traffic conditions with a high in December.
(67)
68
Property Recovered
Fifty-two percent of the value loss in 421 cities was automobiles.
Police in these cities reported 55.6 percent recovery of the 1954 prop-
erty loss value for all property stolen.
Persons Arrested
Trends. Arrests of young persons, 17 and under, increased 2.3
percent while arrests of 18 and over decreased 1.9 percent, 1953-54
(1,005 cities, population 32,633,967).
Number of Arrests. Persons under 18 represented 57.6 percent of
all persons arrested for auto theft, 49.0 percent of all arrested for
burglary, and 43.6 percent of those arrested for larceny in 1954 (1,389
cities, population 38,642,183).
CRIME TREND
Major Crime Totals, 1954
Trend. Major crime total rose 5.0 percent in 1954. (Curve has
been up since 1947 — 7 years of increases.) New high, 2,267,250 esti-
mated major crimes, tops 1953 record high by 108,170. Gain in
1954 crime supported principally by increases in robberies (6.8 per-
cent), burglaries (8.4 percent), and larcenies (5.8 percent).
Upward trend of total major crime for year softened by decreases in
criminal homicides and auto thefts (—4.3 percent and —4.7 percent,
respectively). Rapes and aggravated assaults climbed only slightly
(+0.7 percent and +1.0 percent, respectively).
Population and Crime. Since 1950, United States population
swelled 7.0 percent while the volume of crime increased 26.7 percent
(almost 4 times the percentage increase in population). Specifically,
the criminality of the Nation increased 18.4 percent in this period.
(For each 100,000 persons in the general population in 1950, there were
1,187.8 major crimes. For each 100,000 persons in the estimated
population as of July 1, 1954, there were 1,406.5 major crimes.)
Crimes Against the Person. (Crimes aimed at persons rather than
property.) Criminal homicide, rape, and aggravated assault victims
numbered 123,830 in 1954, or 520 more than the 123,310 in 1953.
Percentagewise the increase was 0.4 — due solely to increases in rapes
and aggravated assaults. Criminal homicides decreased.
Criminal Homicide. The 12,260 dead at the hands of killers get
no solace from the 4.3 percent decrease in criminal homicides during
1954. Nevertheless, the lives of 550 persons were spared by the
downtrend. Criminal homicides in these figures are of two main
types; (1) wilful killings (murder and nonnegligent manslaughter)
and (2) killings resulting from grossly negligent acts (manslaughter
by negligence).
Murders and nonnegligent manslaughters decreased 3.8 percent
in 19"54^ The 6,850 killings of this type were 270 less than the 7,120
in 1953. In the 20 years since 1934, 146,869 persons have been wil-
fully and unlawfully slain in the United States. The high year in
that period was 1946 with 8,442 wilful killings. Not all years in
the past 20 have had decreases in this crime but an examination of
murders per 100,000 in the general population according to yearly
population estimates indicates a generally favorable trend in murders.
For each 100,000 persons there were 6.1 murders in 1935 as compared
with 4.2 in 1954. The 1954 murder rate (4.2 per 100,000 population)
was the lowest for the 20-year period.
(69)
70
Manslaughter by Negligence. Victims who died because others
were grossly neghgent numbered 5,410 in 1954. This was 280 deaths
less than the 5,690 in 1953 or a decrease of 4.9 percent. Motor
vehicle deaths make up most of these totals, but not all traffic deaths
are counted as crimes. (National Safety Council estimates 36,300
motor vehicle deaths in 1954. So, something less than 15 percent of
these are classed by the police as manslaughters.)
Rape. Over 18,000 women were victims of rapists in 1954, a
0.7 percent increase over the 17,900 rapes in 1953, and about one-half
of them were forcible in nature as contrasted with the statutory
offenses.
Aggravated Assault. Shootings, cuttings, and other felonious
assaults (except rapes) numbered 93,540 in 1954. This means that
940 more persons were brutally assaulted (a 1 percent increase over
1953).
Crimes Against Property. Robbery, burglary, larceny and auto
theft, grouped, increased 5.3 percent. The 2,143,420 crimes of this
type in 1954 were 107,650 more than the 2,035,770 in 1953. Property
valued at an estimated 413 million dollars was stolen. (Police re-
covered about 55 percent of this dollar loss.)
Robbery. There were 67,420 armed and strong-arm robberies
in 1954. This is 6.8 percent more than in 1953 and represents an
increase second only to burglary. The average loss per robbery
was $219, indicating a loss of over 14 million dollars to this crime.
Burglary — breaking or entering showed the highest increase of
all crimes in 1954, 8.4 percent. The 40,000 additional crimes brought
total unlawful entries of business houses, homes and other structures
to 519,190 for the year. At an average loss of $176, the total loss was
91 million dollars in property and money or about 13 million dollars
more than in 1953.
Larceny-theft (except autos) was third highest in increases in
1954, 5.8 percent. At $74 per ofi'ense, over 99 million dollars in cash
and property were taken in the 1,340,870 crimes of this type. There
were almost 74,000 more thefts in 1954 than in 1953.
Auto theft decreased 4.7 percent. The 215,940 auto thefts in
1954 averaged $963 per theft and 94 percent were recovered. The
12,956 unrecovered represent a loss of 12 million dollars.
Estimates show conservative picture of major crime problem in
United States. (Crimes classed as major by police are identified in
table 24. These are the Part I crimes of the uniform crime reporting
program described on pages 118 and 119.)
Certain important crimes are not included in the major crime
estimate. This is because the estimates of total major crime are
based on "offenses known" as reported by police. Offenses known
71
CRIME TREND" U. S.
BASED ON THE ESTIMATED
NUMBER OF MAJOR CRIMES
1953 -- 1954 PERCENT CHANGE
TOTAL MURDER NEGLIGENT RAPE ROBBERY AGGRAVATED BURGLARY LARCENY AUTO THEFT
MANSLAUGHTER ASSAULT
W7.;M.
Figure 8.
72
information, as shown by table 24, does not include such crimes a~
arson, other sex crimes, carrying concealed weapons, embezzlement,
and so forth. When this program was designed, police designated
the Part I crimes ("offenses known") as those constituting the major
crime problem. The only information available for crimes not listed
in the "major crime" group consists of arrest figures. Arrest data,
of course, do not show the total crimes that have occurred.
Reliability of major crime estimates is considered excellent since
actual counts of crime for three-fourths of the population are avail-
able. Reports used are from police representing almost 65.2 percent
of the rural population and 89.3 percent of the urban (city) popula-
tion. The estimating procedure adjusts for calculated incompleteness
in reports from some rural areas. A complete set of reports for 1953
and 1954 from identical contributors was used in the trend figures
for total United States crime.
With particular reference to larger cities representing substantial
segments of the population, the following is important: A critical
review and evaluation of all reports received under this program are
made to detect incompleteness or radical increases or decreases in the
crime figures. There are two primary methods used to correct
deviations from acceptable standards in record keeping and reporting:
(1) extensive correspondence; and (2) personal contacts with con-
tributors. Contacts are made by the FBI and the Committee on
Uniform Crime Records of the International Association of Chiefs of
Police.
Incomplete reports are not used. When a police department
corrects a demonstrated deficiency in its reporting procedure, a com-
parison of current complete reports with previous incomplete reports
demonstrates only the extent of the previous incompleteness. Such
figures are not used in crime trend figures.
When correctly compiled reports from such a department are avail-
able (usually after at least 18 months of complete and acceptable
reporting), the reports are then used for trend figures for a 6-month
period. For example, the first 6 months of this year are compared
with the first 6 months of last year. At the end of two calendar
years of complete reporting, the department's figures are then used in
annual crime trend figures.
Thus, a reliable index to crime volume and fluctuation is shown
from year to year in the published figures. Modern business-like
record keeping is widespread among law enforcement agencies today.
The progress of record keeping over a 25-year period has been reflected
in improved quality in crime reports. Because of the method of
obtaining yearly trend figures, as mentioned above, this gradual
change does not aft'ect the validity of short-term trends or projections
based on chosen segments of the 25 years but should be considered in
any calculations attempting a long-range study.
73
Methods of evaluating trend figures. There are several methods
available for test checking these crime trend figures: (1) actual exami-
nation of police records at the source and (2) comparisons of crimes
reported by police with insured losses. These methods have been
used by the FBI, the Uniform Crime Records Committee of the
International Association of Chiefs of Police and students of the crime
problem. For the casual inquirer, more readily available procedures
may be utilized. Fluctuations up and down (within reasonable
limits) are normal. These may be observed in trend figures by totals,
by cities grouped by size, by geographic area, and by the actual
figures of individual cities as published in this bulletin.
Also, arrest figures published in the semiannual issue of this bulletin
show that they follow generally the trend changes noted in offenses
known to the police. Arrest records have long been standardized
and have been singularly free of allegations of manipulation.
Homicide figures can be independently checked against vital statis-
tics collected by the National Office of Vital Statistics. Arson
violations are not reported under this program except in arrest figures
but these crimes are reported by state fire marshals to the National
Fire Protection Association, Boston, Massachusetts. Their figures
reflect large increases in this crime in recent years (from 1952 to 1953,
the increase in crimes of arson was 19 percent).
There is not readily available any accurate measure as to the volume
of criminal acts not brought to the attention of the police and hence
not reflected in these tables. The original research prior to 1930 led
to the conclusion that the Part I classes (criminal homicide, rape,
robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and auto theft)
covered those offenses which experience had shown were most gen-
erally and completely reported to the police. Subsequent studies
over the years bear out the soundness of this position.
Property loss, recovery and other analyses applied to estimated
crime figures were obtained from Supplemental Crime Data, pages
107-109.
Table 24.— CRIME TRENDS, URBAN AND RURAL
[Estimated number of major ca-imes iii the United States, 1953-54]
Number of offenses
Offense
1953
Change
Number Percent
TOTAL .
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
Manslaughter by negligence
Rape
Robbery
Aggravated assault...
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Autotheft
2,159,080 2.267,250
+108, 170
+5.0
7,120
5,690
17,900
63, 100
92,600
479, 120
1,267,020
226, 530
6,850
5,410
18,030
67,420
93, 540
519, 190
1, 340, 870
215, 940
-270
-280
+130
+4,320
+940
+40, 070
+73, 850
-10,590
-3.8
-4.9
+.7
+6.8
+1.0
+8.4
+5.8
-4.7
337615° — 55-
74
Urban Crime Trends
Crime rose 7.4 percent in 1954 in cities under 10,000 in population.
For other city groups the increases ranged from +2.4 percent to +4.5
percent. The upswing in crime for all cities continued through 1954
for a 4.0 percent rise in the seventh consecutive year of crime increases
in cities throughout the Nation. With cities grouped by size, no
decrease in total crime is seen for any population group.
The net gain of 4.0 percent for total crimes in all cities resulted
from a continuation of increases in five crime classes: Rape, +1.6
percent; Robbery, +8.4 percent; Aggravated assault, +0.7 percent;
Burglary, +6.7 percent; and Larceny, +4.8 percent. Murder,
negligent manslaughter and auto theft decreased.
City murders continued the decline started in 1953 with a 2.3 per-
cent decrease in 1954. The decrease w^as sharpest in cities with from
100,000 to 250,000 population, —6.6 percent. All cities over 50,000
had decreases while those under 50,000 had increases. The smallest
city group (under 10,000 population) led the city groups under 50,000
with an increase of 6.4 percent.
Negligent manslaughters decreased 6.4 percent in cities during 1954,
a sharp reversal of the 6.4 percent increase in 1953. Cities wnth 10,000
to 25,000 population listed the biggest decrease, 13.3 percent. Their
next larger neighbors, 25,000 to 50,000 population, had a gain of 5.3
percent.
Auto thefts dropped 4.7 percent in 1954 after a 5.1 percent rise in
1953. This decline was general in all city groups and ranged from
— 6.2 percent in the 50,000-100,000 group to —3.2 in the smallest
cities (under 10,000 population).
With cities grouped geographically (table 26), increases in total
crime occurred in all areas with the exception of the South Atlantic
States where a 1.2 percent decrease is shown for 1954. Increases
in other geographic divisions range from 1.1 percent in the Pacific
States to a high of 9.5 percent in the West North Central States.
Table 26 shows variations among the individual geographic areas from
the over-all trend noted for all cities as one group. These variations
are similar to those that can be found among the cities grouped by
size as shown in table 25.
Notable variations from the over-all trend include a 10.3 percent
increase in murders in the Mountain States, a 20.8 percent increase
in negligent manslaughters in the East South Central States, an 8.1
percent decrease in rape in the East North Central States, a 3.2 per-
cent decrease in the Pacific States in the robbery classification, a 5.3
percent decrease in the East North Central States for aggravated
assault and a 7.5 percent increase in auto thefts in the New England
States.
75
Crime trend computation. This is discussed in more detail in the
text concerning 1954 major crime totals. The preparation of crime
trends in this bulletin involves the selection of complete sets of reports
from identical cities for the years studied. Wlien it is known that the
reports of any city do not meet the standards established under this
program, they are not used for either period of the comparison.
The best known index to the fluctuations in the total volume of
crime is found in trend figures of offenses known to the police. The
trend figures are not related to units of population as are crime rates
given later in this bulletin. The trend figures broken down by cities
grouped according to size and by geographic areas permit studies of
the indicated segments. They are of primary interest to law enforce-
ment officials in connection with their review of crime trends in their
individual jurisdictions.
76
Table 25.— URBAN CRIME TRENDS, 1953-54, BY POPULATION
GROUPS
Offenses known to the police in 2,378 cities, total population 75,064,168, based on 1950 decennial censiis]
Total
Criminal
homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny—
theft
Population group
Murder
and
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
TOTAL;
1953
1, 341, 946
1, 396, 282
+4.0
3,654
3,570
-2.3
2,638
2,470
-6.4
8,890
9,034
+1.6
48, 666
62, 665
+8.4
63, 665
64, 134
+0.7
311,807
332, 667
+8.7
755,317
791, 203
+4.8
147, 409
1954 ---
140. 639
Percent change
-4.7
Group I: 38 cities over
250,000; total popula-
tion, 31,880,928:
1953
674, 160
702, 578
+4.2
185,116
191,356
+3.4
150, 956
154, 669
+2.4
129, 101
134, 919
+4.5
133, 348
138, 500
+3.9
69, 265
74, 360
+7.4
2,033
1,964
-3.4
575
537
-6.6
348
340
-2.3
269
275
+2.2
256
270
+5.5
173
184
+6.4
1,500
1,373
-8.5
368
331
-10.1
270
277
+2.6
244
257
+5.3
150
130
-13.3
106
102
-3.8
5,642
5, 858
+3.8
1,015
979
-3.5
683
640
-6.3
552
541
-2.0
541
595
+ 10.0
457
421
-7.9
35,815
39, 704
+ 10.9
4.999
5,156
+3.1
2,891
2,824
-2.3
1.923
2,066
+7.4
1,808
1,796
-0.7
1,130
1,119
-1.0
40, 634
41,361
+1.8
7,629
7,706
+ 1.0
6,574
6,362
-3.2
3,490
3,471
-0.5
3,273
3,211
-1.9
2,065
2,023
-2.0
163, 125
174,023
+6.7
44, 386
47. 936
+8.0
32. 823
34. 843
+6.2
27, 050
28, 677
+6.0
28, 194
29,898
+6.0
16, 229
17,290
+6.5
340, 058
356, 839
+4.9
105, 893
109, 536
+3.4
92, 498
95. 333
+3.1
84,664
89, 156
+5.3
88, 962
92. 793
+4.3
43, 242
47, 546
+10.0
85. 353
1954
81.456
Percent change
Group II: 63 cities, 100,000
to 250,000; total popula-
tion, 9,334,520;
1953
-4.6
20. 251
1954
Percent change
Group III: 126 cities,
50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 8,904,958:
1953
1954
Percent change.
Group IV: 232 cities,
25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 8,191,991:
1953
1954
Percent change
Group V: 631 cities,
10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 9,731,092:
1953_.. .-
1954
Percent change.
Group VI: 1,288 cities un-
der 10,000; total popu-
lation, 7,020,679:
1953
1954
19. 175
-5.3
14. 869
13, 950
-6.2
10,909
10, 476
-4.0
10, 164
9.807
-3.5
5.863
5,675
Percent change
-3.2
77
URBAN CRIME TRENDS
OFFENSES KNOWN TO POLICE
1953 -- 1954 PERCENT CHANGE
TOTAL
MURDER
NEELIGENT
MANSLAUGHTER
RAPE
ROBBERY
AUTO THEFT
AGGRAVATED
ASSAULT
BURGLARY
LARCENY
2;J78 CITIES TOTAL POPULATION 75,064,168
Figure 9.
78
Table 26.— URBAN CRIME TRENDS, 1953-54, BY GEOGRAPHIC
DIVISIONS AND STATES
[Offenses known to the police in 2,378 cities, total population, 75,064,168, based on 1050 decennial census]
Criminal 1
horn
cidc
Bur-
Divisions and States
Total
Murder
and
non-
net-'li-
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Auto
theft
gent
man-
mg
slaugh-
ter
TOTAL:
1963-
1, 341, 946
3,654
2,638
8,890
48, 566
63, 665
311,807
755,317
147. 409
1954_
1, 396, 282
3,570
2,470
9,034
52, 665
64, 134
332, 667
791, 203
140, 539
Percent change
-f4.0
-2.3
-6.4
+1.6
+8.4
+.7
+6.7
+4.8
-4.7
New England, 170 cities;
population, 6,141,630:
1953
63. 501
8/
210
333
905
926
16, 675
38.379
7, 093
1954
64, 738
72
178
373
937
886
16, 164
38. 503
7,626
Percent change
+1.9
-11.1
-16.2
+12.0
+3.6
-4.3
+3.8
+■3
+7.5
Connecticut, 26 cities:
population, 1,212,695:
1953
14, 463
23
02
71
204
376
3,917
8,469
1,341
1954
13, 470
17
38
68
211
312
3,614
7,751
1.459
Maine, 16 cities; popula-
tion, 307,096:
1953
2,987
5
5
15
25
20
586
2,018
313
1954
3,117
7
4
6
26
34
645
2,137
258
Massachusetts, 86 cities:
population, 3,581,493:
1953
34, 679
45
125
188
571
412
8,226
20, 772
4.340
1954.
37, 000
41
115
241
612
436
9,129
21, 502
4,924
New Hampshire, 16
cities; population.
270,858:
1953
2,158
1
6
11
10
10
516
1,443
161
1954-..
2,079
1
10
14
11
13
409
1,508
113
Rhode Island, 17 cities;
population, 673,758:
1953 . -
8,352
8,199
7
6
11
9
41
37
93
74
107
89
2, 161
2,188
5,080
5,001
852
1954
795
Vermont, 9 cities; popula-
tion, 95,730:
1953
862
873
1
2
7
2
3
i
169
179
597
604
86
1954
77
Middle Atlantic, 545
cities; population,
18,105,993:
1953
246. 468
259. 616
+6.3
492
521
+6.9
601
494
-17.8
1.773
2.041
+ 16.1
//. 1.16
12. 595
+ 13.1
12. 204
12. 389
+1.6
69, 891
74. 142
+6.1
126. 417
133. 339
+6.6
23.95i
1954
24.095
Percent change..
+.6
New Jersey, 141 cities;
population, 3,266,395:
1953
39, 558
40, 477
87
93
128
132
240
255
1,270
1,204
1,801
1, 552
11,485
12,112
20.165
20,727
4.382
1954.
4,402
New York, 173 cities;
population, 11,686,709:
1953.
182, 387
364
425
1,395
9,394
9,846
52, 782
91, 366
16,815
1954
192, 805
370
307
1,668
10, 874
10, 234
55,649
96,850
16,853
Pennsylvania, 231 cities;
population, 3,152,889:
1953
24, 523
26, 334
41
58
48
55
138
118
472
517
557
603
5,624
6,381
14, 886
15. 762
2.757
1954
2.840
East North Central, 578
cities; population.
18,195,036:
19.53 ....
296. 314
317. 549
801
763
640
491
2.303
2.116
14,713
16.876
13,077
12, 384
69.344
68, 512
173. 4S3
186.992
32, 0,'>3
1954 -
29, 426
Percent change
+7.2
-6.0
-9.1
-8.1
+ 14-7
-6.3
+1S.4
+7.8
-8.2
Illinois, 142 cities; popu-
lation, 5,816,398:
1953
80, 404
83, 445
326
315
186
170
673
575
7.714
8,693
4,927
4,718
19. 105
22,610
37,292
38. 914
10, 181
19.54..
7.4.50
Indiana, 80 cities; popu-
lation, 1,999,.528:
1953
37, 122
37, 170
79
71
64
48
170
182
1,030
984
930
774
8.279
8.730
22, 524
22,637
4. 046
1954
3,744
79
Table 26.— URBAN CRIME TRENDS, 1953-54, BY GEOGRAPHIC
DIVISIONS AND STATES— Continued
Divisions and States
East North Central —
Continued
Michigan, 109 cities:
population, 3,872,121:
1953
1954
Ohio, 166 cities; popula-
tion, 4,732,262:
1953
1954
Wisconsin, 81 cities;
population, 1,774,727:
1953
1954
West North Central, 268
cities; population,
6,138,417:
1953
1954
Percent change
Iowa, 61 cities: popula-
tion, 1,076,032:
1953 ---
1954
Kansas, 49 cities; popula-
tion, 796,192:
1953
1954
Muinesota, 62 cities;
population, 1,470,236:
1953
1954
Missouri, 40 cities: popu-
lation, 1,908,223:
1953
1954
Nebraska, 26 cities: popu-
lation, 532,561:
1953
1954
North Dakota, 13 cities;
population, 164,817:
1953
1954
South Dakota, 17 cities;
population, 190,356:
1953
1954
South Atlantic,' 221 cities;
population, 7,598,347:
1953
1954
Percent change
Delaware, 3 cities; popu-
lation, 121,758:
1953
1954
Florida, 43 cities; popula-
tion, 1,289,378:
1953
1954
Georgia, 26 cities; popu-
lation, 1,027,777:
1953
1954
Total
87, 499
97, 969
69, 136
76, 204
22. 153
22, 761
97, 636
106, 799
+9.6
13, 345
14, 485
14. 506
15, 189
21, 294
23, 648
38, 807
40,970
7,553
7,961
2,013
2,505
2,018
2,041
171,055
168,957
-t.S
2,788
2,863
33, 205
36, 347
21, 099
20,762
Criminal
homicide
Murder
and
non-
negli-
gent
man-
slaugh-
ter
176
167
201
181
140
131
797
762
-4.4
142
132
157
174
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
117
93
141
145
157
162
+3.2
290
317
+9.3
Rape
930
930
371
318
159
111
650
647
-.5
124
99
360
367
1,074
994
-7.4
128
105
Rob-
bery
3,450
4,218
2,272
2,775
247
205
3,180
3,732
+17.4
159
130
343
313
535
704
1,990
2,448
123
111
4, 6-53
4, 5-53
867
1,013
496
491
Aggra-
vated
assault
4,837
4, 955
2,056
1,596
327
341
3,661
3,519
-3.9
115
112
444
480
135
174
2,848
2,612
109
125
17, 768
17, 637
-.7
1,495
1,299
2,287
2,077
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
15, 769
18, 766
13, 222
15, 272
2,969
3,134
21,036
23, 830
+13.3
2,494
3, 166
3,461
3,800
4,592
5,556
8,426
9,422
1,320
1,224
335
337
408
325
39, 557
+.7
597
620
9,459
11,459
4,977
5,097
Lar-
ceny-
theft
52, 196
58, 310
44, 672
49, 865
16, 799
17, 266
58, 145
63, 919
+9.9
9,463
9,984
8,954
9,329
13, 474
14,885
18, 187
20,606
5,080
5, 561
1,537
1,981
1,450
1,573
86, 766
86,980
+.2
1.761
1,850
17, 739
19, 217
10, 006
10, 146
' Includes the District of Columbia.
80
Table 26.— URBAN CRIME TRENDS, 1953-54, BY GEOGRAPHIC
DIVISIONS AND STATES— Continued
Total
Criminal
homicide
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
break -
ingor
enter-
ing
Lar-
ceny-
theft
Divisions and States
Murder
and
non-
negli-
gent
man-
slaugh-
ter
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
Auto
theft
South Atlantic— Con.
Maryland, 16 cities; pop-
ulation, 1,143,500:
1953
1954
27, 927
25, 098
19, 971
20, 640
8,843
8,787
30, 615
30, 699
4,531
5,015
46, 437
49, 287
+6.1
80
88
129
116
38
31
144
128
27
15
364
375
+3.0
19
10
58
69
8
7
68
61
3
6
101
m
+20.8
261
195
102
115
45
50
209
224
18
16
193
237
+22.8
1,016
773
290
328
97
139
805
837
119
103
/, 493
1.497
+.3
1,678
1,779
3,964
3,950
566
469
3,012
3,106
222
273
3,495
3,489
-.2
5,946
5,276
4,377
4,274
1,951
2,133
6, 277
5,981
1,117
1,203
1.3, SOS
14, 449
+8.6
13,415
11,890
9,485
10, 225
5,332
5,306
16, 857
17,343
2,483
2,920
2t, 484
23,329
+8.6
5,512
5,087
North Carolina, 53 cities;
population, 1,083,498:
1953
1,566
1954
1,563
South Carolina, 24 cities;
population, 431,651:
1953
806
1954
652
Virginia, 36 cities; popu-
lation, 1,269,151:
1953
3.243
1954
3.019
West Virginia, 19 cities;
population, 429,456:
1953
.542
1954
470
East South Central, 91 cit-
ies; population, 2,937,-
398:
1953 -- -- --
6.004
1954
6. 789
Percent change
-3.6
Alabama, 27 cities; popu-
lation, 894,423:
1953 - -
13, 458
14, 439
16,260
16, 532
3,078
3,519
13, 641
14, 797
117, l!9i
no, 737
+Z.6
141
134
79
67
24
28
120
146
554
489
-8.4
20
31
29
32
1
9
51
50
2B1
248
-1.2
56
74
73
91
13
15
51
57
039
700
+9.6
328
325
668
675
35
33
462
464
2, 596
2, 756
+6. 2
1,149
1,081
1,045
1,107
168
160
1.133
1.141
4, 640
5,207
+ 12.2
4,241
4,712
4,180
3.995
959
1.209
3,923
4,533
28,510
29, 131
+2.9
6,018
6. 934
7.623
8,279
1,670
1.774
6.173
6.342
65. 982
67, 7"18
+2. 6
1,505
1954
1.148
Kentucky, 29 cities; pop-
ulation, 735,119:
1953
2,563
1954
2,286
Mississippi, 15 cities;
population, 304,024:
1953
208
1954 . - - -
291
Tennessee, 20 cities; pop-
ulation, 1,003,832:
1953
1.728
1954
West South' Central, 145
cities; population,
5,331,768:
1953 .
2,064
14. 742
1954
14, 488
Percent change
-1.7
Arkansas, 17 cities: pop-
ulation, 328,975:
1953
5,249
5,486
10, 518
12, 448
16, 241
16, 758
85, 686
86. 045
33
23
63
80
48
45
390
341
12
16
56
58
29
30
154
144
20
22
170
174
70
69
379
435
126
210
436
587
293
321
1.741
1,638
317
320
645
670
323
322
3,355
3, 895
1,369
1,491
1,997
2,040
3,719
4.250
21, 225
21.350
2, 945
3,026
4,725
5. 381
9. 959
10,300
48. 363
48. 951
427
1954
378
Louisiana, 15 cities; pop-
ulation, 727,375:
1953
2.426
1954
3,458
Oklahoma, 32 cities; pop-
ulation, 808,349:
1953
1.800
1954 -
1,361
Texas, 81 cities; popula-
tion, 3,467,069:
1953
10.089
1954
9, 291
81
Table 26.— URBAN CRIME TRENDS, 1953-54, BY GEOGRAPHIC
DIVISIONS AND STATES— Continued
Divisions and States
Mountain, 114 cities; pop-
ulation, 2,003,408:
1953
1954
Percent change
Arizona, 13 cities; popu-
lation, 222,780:
1953
1954
Colorado, 27 cities; pop-
ulation, 726,569:
1953
1954
Idaho, 21 cities; popula-
tion, 199,622:
1953
1954
Montana, 14 cities; pop-
ulation, 199,030:
1953
1954
Nevada, 5 cities; popula-
tion, 52,815:
1953
1954
New Mexico, 8 cities;
population, 143,667:
1953 -
1954
Utah, 15 cities; popula-
tion, 347,421:
1953
1954
Wyoming, 11 cities; pop-
ulation, 111,504:
1953
1954
Pacific, 246 cities; popu-
lation, 8,612,171:
1953.-
1954
Percent change
California, 177 cities;
population, 6,773,898:
1953
1954
Oregon, 30 cities; popula-
tion, 666,102:
1953
1954
Washington, 39 cities;
population, 1,172,171:
1953
1954
Total
52, 993
55, 97G
+5.0
9,810
10, 727
18, 449
19, 417
4,960
4,916
4,454
4,741
1,835
2,259
3,109
3,617
8,126
8,254
2,250
2,045
+1-1
204, 941
207, 218
15, 468
15, 484
29, 539
29, 921
Criminal
homicide
Murder
and
non-
negli-
gent
man-
slaugh-
ter
78
8G
+10.3
809
+S.S
240
256
Man-
slaugh-
ter by
negli-
gence
UG
-i-9
388
372
Rape
318
+n.s
102
128
UGG5
1,008
Rob-
bery
1,2G0
1,309
+8.7
262
227
94
Aggra-
vated
assault
786
979
+24.6
8,030
8,351
1,462
1,429
136
127
7,558
7,301
302
330
770
720
164
307
314
334
72
114
7,109
7,645
+7.5
6,705
7,184
202
215
202
246
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
11, 895
12, 249
+3.0
2,249
2,121
5,015
5,005
845
824
671
661
501
640
747
1,029
1,478
1,628
329
341
53,172
54. 033
+2.7
43, 586
45, 074
3,391
3,357
6,195
6,202
Lar-
ceny-
theft
33, 599
35. 889
+0.8
5,909
6,947
10, 802
11, .515
3, 675
3,702
3,067
3,300
1,067
1,342
1,777
1,943
5,644
5,672
1,658
1,468
151, 002
154. S34
+2.S
122, 101
124, 344
10,224
10, 538
18, 737
19, 652
337015°— 55-
82
URBAN CRIME TRENDS
1940-54 TREND VERSUS 1937-39 AVERAGE
OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE
363 Cities-Total Population 47,586,584
CRIMES AGAINST
THE PERSON
PERCENT CHANGE
~r- I I
KEY
= AGGRAVATED ASSAULT
— NEGLIGEHT MANSLAUGHTEA
RAPE
MURDEII
1940 '41 '42 '43 '44 '45 '46 '47 '48 '49 '50 '51 '52 '53 '54
I I I I I
I I
CRIMES AGAINST
PROPERTY
PERCENT CHANGE
KEr
BURGURY
ROBBERY
LARCENY
AUTO THEn
FBI CHART
FlOURE 10.
83
Long-term Urban Trends
Crime during and after World War II. Contrasts in crime expe-
rience following the major upheaval of war are shown in figure 10.
Crime figures for the years 1937-39 were used as prewar averages
(used as the base line for the graphs) .
Figure 10 and table 27 present crime figures for 18 years from 363
cities. The same cities are represented for each year of the study.
All cities used are over 25,000 in population. The combined popula-
tion of these cities was 47,586,584 in 1950. Their 1940 population
was 40,951,490.
The selection of returns for inclusion in this study involved the
same considerations outlined in the text preceding table 24.
Table 27.— URBAN CRIME TRENDS, 1937-54
Ofifenses known to the police in 363 cities
with over 25,000 inhabitants, total population
1950 decennial census]
47,586,584 based on
Year
Total
Murder,
nonnegli-
gent man-
slaughter
Man-
slaushter
by negli-
gence
Rape
Rob-
bery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or entering
Larceny-
theft
Auto
theft
1937
1938
1939...
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
667, 140
671.707
695, 992
722, 324
727, 665
682, 233
657, 059
668, 350
754, 386
803, 995
775,948
780, 094
810,714
810, 945
858, 470
901, 175
943, 455
977, 787
2, 813
2,416
2,565
2,519
2,611
2,671
2, 375
2,485
2,681
3,051
2.911
2,915
2,662
2,719
2, 645
2,860
2,805
2,709
2.241
1.635
1.437
1, 022
2,015
1,844
1,540
1, 556
1, 861
1,872
1,645
1,634
1,509
1,773
1, 750
1,902
1,799
1,783
3,527
3.431
3,671
3,707
4,051
4,459
4,921
5,208
5,686
5,874
6, 022
5, 995
6,056
5, 926
6,285
6.303
6,534
6,395
30, 413
31,088
29,217
28, 097
26, 930
25, 622
25.011
24,129
29,881
34, 362
33, 199
31, 403
33,315
29, 386
29,497
32, 893
36, 449
39,328
21,482
21, 175
21.541
22,529
23,832
26, 756
25, 359
28.717
31, 102
34, 667
37, 247
39, 787
41, 278
41, 404
40, 896
46, 322
48, 241
48, 199
149, 237
149, 163
155,267
157, 637
151, 276
134, 654
137, 286
141, 184
166. 903
183, 763
179,045
181,386
190, 722
187,016
186, 067
201,311
212, 477
228, 465
3.56, 764
375, 883
399, 686
422. 857
426, 213
404, 932
367, 100
366, 391
397, 514
429, 513
427, 794
436,357
456, 649
458, 112
491,970
500, 354
519, 633
541, 285
100, 663
86, 916
82, 608
83, 356
90, 737
81, 295
93, 467
98,680
118,758
110, 893
88, 085
80, 617
78,523
84, 609
99, 360
109, 230
115, 517
109, 623
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954..
84
Rural Crime Trends
Rural crime rose 8.3 percent in 1954. The rise was dominated by-
increases of 12.8 percent in burglaries and 9.9 percent in larcenies.
Increases, though less pronounced, were registered for aggravated
assault (+2.1 percent) and robbery ( + 0.1 percent). Murder,
negligent manslaughter, rape and auto theft declined during 1954 in
areas outside the cities.
Murder led the decreases, a 6.2 percent dip, followed by auto theft,
down 4.6 percent. Negligent manslaughters declined 2.9 percent and
the change in the rape classification was only slightly downward,
— 0.3 percent.
Rural crime trends are from 1,525 law enforcement agencies. In
1953 and 1954 these 1,525 agencies sent in reports for rural areas (out-
side the limits of urban communities). These agencies represent a
rural population of almost 37,000,000 (1950 decennial census).
Table 28.— RURAL CRIME TRENDS, 1953-54
(Based on reports of 1,378 sherifls, 137 rural village officers, and 10 State police; total rural population
36,937,638, based on the 1950 decennial census]
Offense
Number of offenses
TOTAL
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
Manslaughter by negligence..
Rape
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft...
1,716
1, 9J0
4,553
7,106
13, 231
78, 832
108,906
23, 619
1,610
1,864
4,539
7,113
13,514
88, 943
119,675
22,543
Percent
change
+8.3
-6.2
-2.9
-.3
+.1
+2.1
+12.8
+9.9
-4.6
85
TOTAL
MURDER
NEGLIGENT
MANSLAUGHTER
RAPE
ROBBERY
AUTO THEFT
AGGRAVATED
ASSAULT
BURGLARY
URCENY
RURAL CRIME TRENDS
OFFENSES KNOWN TO POLICE
1953 -- 1954 PERCENT CHANGE
+
8.3
REPORTING AREA Sheriffs' Offices - 1,378 State Police ■■ 10
Rural Villages - 137 Rural Population - 36,937,638
Figure 11.
86
Monthly Variations
There is no day of rest on the crime calendar. Most days are bad,
the others are worse. The restless activity of criminals rolls up an
average daily crime total that permits no letdown of police vigilance.
Some crimes flourish in warm weather, some prefer the cooler months,
but they all flourish.
The seasonal variations in crime are apparent in the 1954 crime data.
The crimes against the person of murder, rape and aggravated
assault are warm-month crimes. (Crimes against property are cool-
month crimes.) Negligent manslaughter (principally traffic killings)
is a cool-month crime, the only "personal" crime that does not reach
its peak in the warmer months.
Murders, rapes, and aggravated assaults were highest in the third
quarter of the year with July the high month for each.
Crimes Against Property. The first and last quarters of the jear
saw the highs for these crimes. By quarters, robbery and burglary
were highest in the first while larceny and auto theft were highest in
the fourth. By month, a slightly different picture is obtained.
Robbery was high in January, while the other three property crimes
were high in February.
Negligent manslaughter follows generally the hazardous driving
conditions curve. It was highest in the last quarter of the year,
rising to its top peak in December. Its curve does not conform to
that for other crimes against the person.
87
MONTHLY VARIATIONS
OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, 1954
2,583 URBAN POLICE AGENCIES - TOTAL POPULATION 79,754,626
OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON
MURDER
NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER
U O UJ
_i cs £ t— ^ cji
+ 50",
+ 40°i
+ 30°,
+ 20"i-
+ 10%-
annualV
AVEBAGE/r
- 10%-
-20",
- 30% -
-40",
- 50%L
+ 40%
Figure 12.
88
Table 29.— MONTHLY VARIATIONS, URBAN COMMUNITIES, 1954
[Daily average, offenses known to the police in 2,583 cities, total population 79,754,626, based on 1950
decennial census]
Month
January-December. -
January-March
A pril-June
July-September
October-December. .
January
February
March
April
May
June..
July
August
September
October
November
December
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
10.6
10.3
9.9
11.4
10.4
10.1
10.8
10.1
9.7
10.5
9.4
13.1
11.3
10.3
9.5
11.3
Man-
slaughter
by negli-
gence
7.4
7.7
6.4
6.3
9.1
8.0
7.4
7.6
6.5
6.2
6.6
6.7
7.0
6.0
8.1
Rape
26.7
25.0
26.6
28.1
27.3
Rob-
bery
155.7
184.7
138.8
139.1
160.7
22.2
27.6
25.4
25.0
27.7
27.0
30.2
28.7
25.2
28.8
28.4
24.7
196.7
195.3
162.8
144.4
137.9
134.1
140.2
142.0
134.9
142.6
158.2
181.3
Aggra-
vated
assault
168.4
174.1
170.7
180.0
183.9
190.0
213.8
212.0
198.2
187.9
173.6
174.2
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
972.2
1, 058. 2
928.0
929.0
974.9
Larceny-
theft
Auto
theft
2, 267. 7
2,203.1
2, 273. 8
2, 261. 3
2, 331. 4
1,043.0
1,114.2
1,022.8
956.4
917.1
910.8
922.7
954.0
909.6
911.3
989.7
1, 024. 2
2, 019. 0
2, 370. 1
2, 236. 4
2, 286. 4
2, 227. 7
2, 308. 8
2, 245. 2
2,290.1
2, 248. 4
2, 355. 1
2, 356. 6
2,283.3
408.6
424.0
395.7
387.1
427.8
410.0
445.1
419.0
402.4
395.2
389.6
385.1
388.3
387.9
423.8
434.3
425.6
89
MONTHLY VARIATIONS
OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, 1954
2,583 URBAN POLICE AGENCIES - TOTAL POPULATION 79,754,626
OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY
ROBBERY
BURGLARY
^ ^ ^ H £ a
^ ^ kU CJ ^ UJ
LARCENY
AUTO THEFT
Figure 13.
337615° — 55-
CRIME RATES
Explanations of Rates
Crime rates eliminate differences due to population. Crime rates
included in this publication are the number of crimes reported by the
police expressed in terms of crimes per unit of population in the
areas represented by the reporting law enforcement agencies. The
unit of population used is 100,000 inhabitants. As indicated pre-
viously, crime trends, as distinguished from crime rates, represent the
total number of crimes occurring or the crime volume dealt with by
specific law enforcement agencies during two or more periods. Crime
rates serve as a current index to the criminality of the population of
the area.
Use of 1950 decennial census figures causes overstatement of crime
rates. Extreme accuracy in rates can be approached only when
population figures on a nationwide basis are available for individual
cities as well as other reporting areas. Up-to-date estimates of popu-
lation are available from the Bureau of the Census for the United
States and for each state but these estimates do not furnish a break-
down by cities or as to urban and rural population.
Crime rates for the United States: The total estimated crimes as
shown in table 24 represents estimates of the crimes occurrmg through-
out the United States. These estimates can be used with the appro-
priate current population estimate to obtain crime rates for the
United States if desired. For example, the July 1, 1954, estimate of
population residing in the United States as published by the Bureau
of the Census reflects 161,195,000 inhabitants. If the robbery rate
per 100,000 inhabitants for the United States is desired, the 67,420
estimated robberies for the entire United States in 1954 can be
converted to a robbery rate of 41.8 robbery oft'enses per 100,000
inhabitants.
Computation of rates. One method of obtaining crime rates per
100,000 population is to divide 100,000 by the population involved
and then multiply by the number of crimes.
Crime rates in following tables are based on 1950 decennial census
figures. The following tables show the crimes reported by city police
departments and law enforcement agencies covering rural areas con-
verted to the number of crimes per 100,000 in the areas represented.
As indicated above, allowances must be made for shifts in population
since the 1950 decennial census if a highly accurate study is desired.
Projection of urban population, 1950-1954. Since the Bureau of
the Census does not make estimates separately for urban areas and
for rural areas, this has been done for the convenience of the reader
(90)
91
to demonstrate one of the factors that must be considered in any
use of crime rate figures.
Urban Crime Rates
As an example of the possible effect of changes in population, a
projection of the urban population by the least squares method was
made on the basis of the experience of the 1930, 1940, and 1950
decennial censuses. On this basis, it is noted there has been an in-
crease of over 7 percent in the urban population since the 1950 de-
cennial census. To test the possible effect of the changes in the
urban population on the urban crime rates published in the follo^ving
tables, it was assumed that the cities represented in those tables
experienced the 7 percent increase in population which was obtained
for all urban population as above. After increasing the population
of the cities represented in the following tables on urban crime rates
by the 7 percent, the rates were refigured. Here is a comparison of
the urban crime rates using the 1950 population and those prepared
mth an assumed 1954 population figure.
Urban crime rates
1950 popu- Esfimnted pop-
lation ulation (1954)
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter 4. 8 4. 5
Xegliaent manslaughter 3.4 3.1
Rape - 12.2 11.4
Robbery 71.2 66.4
Aggravated assault 85.0 79.2
Burelarv — breaking or entering 444. 9 414. 6
Larcenv— theft 1,037.8 967.2
Autotheft -- 187.0 174.3
It will be noted from the above comparative figures that the rates
using 1954 population estimate figures are 6.8 percent less (before
rounding off) than the rates sho^\^l in the following urban rate tables
using the 1950 decennial census figures. Persons interested in esti-
mated population figures as well as more detailed population esti-
mating methods should direct an inquiry to the Bureau of the Census,
General Federal Office Buildings Numbers 3 and 4, Suitland, Md.
Comparisons of crime rates: Differences in crime rates among
cities, states, and geographic divisions are normal. Lack of con-
sistency in the rates of one area with those of another should not be
assumed to spring from a lack of uniformity in the compilation of the
data. Certain consistencies can be noted in the rates of an individual
area from year to year. All available usable reports for one year are
used in preparing crime rate figures. Those reports known to be
incomplete are not used.
The change in population in individual reporting areas may not
agree with the projection of United States urban population used
above for illustration purposes. For this reason, the latest most
reliable local estimates of population should be obtained before
attempting to compare crime rates between units as small as individual
cities. Also, the numerous factors affecting the incidence of crime
should be considered. Some of these factors are itemized on page 97.
92
Table 30.— URBAN CRIME RATES, 1954, BY POPULATION GROUPS
(Oflenses known to the police and rate per 100,000 inhabitants. Population figures based on 19M decennial
census]
Population group
TOTAI, GROUPS I-VI
2,583 cities; total population,
79,754,626:
Number of offenses known..
Bate per 100,000
GROUP I
41 cities over 250,000; total popu-
lation, 34,932,955:
Number of offenses known _ .
Rate per 100,000
GROUP 11
63 cities, 100,000 to 250,000; total
population, 9,334,520:
Number of offenses known. .
Rate per 100,000
GROUP in
126 cities, 50,000 to 100,000; total
population, 8,904,958:
Number of offenses known. .
Rate per 100,000
GROUP IV
242 cities, 25,000 to 50,000; total
population, 8,549,860:
Number of offenses known. .
Rate per 100,000...
GROUP V
668 cities, 10,000 to 25,000; total
population, 10,266,438:
Number of offenses known.
Rate per 100,000
GROUP VI
1,443 cities under 10,000; total
population, 7,765,895:
Number of offenses known.
Rate per 100,000
Criminal homicide
Murder,
nonneg-
lipent
man-
slaughter
3,829
4.8
2,134
6.1
537
5.8
340
3.8
298
3.6
298
2.9
222
2.9
Man-
slaughter
by
negli-
gence
2,688
3.4
1,563
4.5
331
3.5
277
3.1
268
3.1
138
1.3
111
1.4
Rape
9,761
12.2
6,436
18.4
979
10.5
640
7.2
571
6.7
646
G.3
489
6.3
Rob-
bery
56, 823
71.2
43, 455
124.4
5. 156
55. 2
2,824
31.7
2,192
25.6
1,959
19.1
1,237
15.9
Aggra-
vated
sault
67, 768
85.0
44, 082
126.2
7,706
82.6
6,362
71.4
3,708
43.4
3,537
34.5
2,373
30.6
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
enter-
ing
354. 843
444.9
190, 747
546.0
47, 936
513.5
34, 843
391.3
30,090
351.9
32,120
312.9
19, 107
246.0
ceny —
theft
827, 728
1,037.8
380, 152
1, 088. 2
109, 536
1, 173. 5
95, 333
1, 070. 6
92, 414
1, 080. 9
98, 151
956.0
52, 142
671.4
Auto
theft
149, 149
187.0
88,170
252.4
19. 175
205.4
13,950
156.7
10, 988
128.5
10,568
102.9
6,298
81.1
93
Table 31.— URBAN CRIME RATES, 1954, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS
AND STATES
[Offenses kno^^Ti per 100,000 inhabitants. Population based on 1950 decennial census]
Division and State
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
break-
ing or
entering
Larceny-
theft
Auto
theft
TOTAL
4.8
71.2
85. 0
444.9
1, 037. 8
187.0
New England . .. .
1.2
15.1
14.2
260.8
621.6
122.7
Connecticut ..
1.4
2.4
1.1
.4
•9
17.4
7.9
16.9
4.1
10.9
2.7
77.1
25.7
10.6
12.1
4.8
12.9
1.8
70.8
298.0
210.8
252.3
151.0
321.1
173.2
426.8
639.2
674.2
596. 3
556. 7
735. 8
557. 7
730.5
120. 3
iVIaine . .
80.6
135 7
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
.41.7
117.8
76.2
Middle Atlantic
3.2
145.3
New Jersey
2.8
3.2
3.7
4.1
36.3
92.8
69.2
91.3
46.9
87.3
51.9
67.8
370.5
474.9
363.8
378.0
633.1
828.1
593. 1
1, 029. 1
133. 2
New York . .. ...
144.0
154.8
East North Central -
160.2
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio
5.4
3.5
4.3
3.8
1.1
3.3
147.8
48.8
107.3
58.3
11.5
59.8
80.4
38.6
126.0
36.7
19.2
56.3
387.7
434.6
482.7
333. 7
176.2
384.2
668. 0
1,125.8
1, 498. 1
l.OfiS.S
970. 7
1,029.3
127.. 5.
185. 9
268.3
127. 6
Wisconsin -
West North Central
92.9
173.1
Iowa. . .
1 0
4.6
.5
6.8
2.0
12.1
38.4
46.8
126.0
20.7
9.1
5.7
59.1
10.2
59.3
11.9
133.7
23.3
3.0
5.7
229.9
292.0
473.5
372.2
487.5
227.0
204.5
170.4
518.5
918.5
1,176.6
993.8
1,063.8
1,030.6
1,201.9
813. 3
1, 139. 3
93.5
Kansas .
Minnesota
13r. 8
144.8
Missouri
Nebraska ...
274.6
166.0
North Dakota
97.7
South Dakota.
1.5
10.0
52.2
South Atlantic'. -
236. 4
Delaware
Florida.. .. .. .
5.7
in. 1
1G.6
7.7
11.0
7.2
10.0
3.5
12.9
53.4
76.4
46.5
67.3
29.7
31.1
66.2
23.2
50.3
21.4
100.9
198.7
155.3
367.0
105.1
245.0
00.6
117.4
509.2
869.1
488.2
462.2
396. 9
489.7
473.0
274.0
482.2
1.519.4
1, 473. 5
965. 3
1, 037. 9
929.9
1,226.4
1, 385. 1
661.2
779.4
233.2
233.3
Georgia
250.3
Marvland .. .
444.2
North Carolina
South Carolina . . - .
142.8
151.0
Virginia ...^
West Virginia
East South Central
239.0
109.2
194.4
Alabama
Kentucky^ .
Mississippi .'
Tennessee
West South Central
14.8
9.8
9.4
14.7
8.9
36.0
89.7
17.3
45.0
49.3
119.7
156.2
48.4
111.3
95.2
524.4
530.9
371.2
449.7
527.7
770.6
1,086.8
592.7
623.8
1,225.0
127.4
303.8
99.7
204.0
259.5
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain . .
6.4
10.7
5.4
9.7
4.5
56.7
75.6
37.4
45.7
67.4
92.2
93.4
38.2
109.9
49.1
407.8
275.5
505.0
600.9
612.9
836. 5
727.6
1,221.1
1, 375. 0
1, 804. 1
102.5
444.4
162. 4
259.1
254.2
Arizona . .
8.4
4.1
1.8
3.4
18.1
3.6
3.5
2.7
3.6
101.5
94.7
21.9
61.0
165.3
42.0
27.3
38.6
96.5
135. 9
46.0
12.3
58.1
50.4
58.0
19.3
30.5
88.3
957.3
688.9
395.1
328.5
1,383.0
653.5
447.7
305.8
633.6
3, 139. 3
1, 584. 8
1,821.0
1,615.3
3, 272. 3
1. 507. 1
1, 533. 2
1,316.5
1, 794. 6
476.2
Colorado
Idaho
Montana
Nevada .
234.5
141. 4
246.0
508. S
New Me.xico . . .
279.4
Utah
Wyoming
Pacific
200.2
121.1
290.8
California...
Oregon
Washington
3.8
2.3
3.1
107.5
49.0
60.7
105.6
32.6
20.8
665.4
500.0
527.5
1, 835. 6
1, 562. 5
1, 692. 2
313.2
141.1
248.3
1 Includes the report of the District of Columbia.
94
Table 32.— URBAN CRIxME RATES, 1954, BY GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS
AND POPULATION GROUPS
[Offenses known per 100,000 inhabitants. Population figures based on IMO decennial census]
Division and Group
TOTAL.
New England.
Group I
Group II
Group III- -
Group IV...
Group V
Group VI...
Middle Atlantic.
Group I--.
Group II--
Group III.
Group IV-
Group V...
Group VI.
East North Central.
Group I
Group II-
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
West North Central.
Group I
Group II--.
Group III- -
Group IV..
Group V
Group VI..
South Atlantic i .
Group I
Group II
Group III
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
East South Central.
Group I
Group II
Group III ..
Group IV
Group V
Group VI
West South Central.
Group I--
Group II--
Group III-
Group IV.
Group V...
Group VI.
Mountain.
Group I-.-
Qroup II--
Qroup III-
Group IV.
Group V...
Group VI.
Pacific
Group I--.
Group II--
CJroup Ill-
Group IV..
Group V...
Group VI.
Murder,
nonncg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
1.7
1.4
1.1
.8
1.1
.6
3.2
4.4
2.0
2.2
1.1
1.7
1.1
4.1
Robbery
6.1
4.4
2.3
2.0
2.0
1.4
5.8
3.6
1.5
1.2
1.7
1.1
10.0
10.9
10.6
9.4
9.6
8.2
9.9
12.9
11.3
19.8
9.5
13.6
10.9
8.3
8.9
14.1
6.2
7.6
7.1
3.1
4.8
4.5
5.5
6.2
3.7
4.5
3.5
3.8
3.6
4.1
3.6
2.6
3.5
2.9
2.4
71.2
15.1
35. 1
23.0
10.7
8.5
3.8
2.6
77.1
120.7
23.0
23.3
13.1
12.6
8.8
91.3
160,0
63.6
27.2
27.1
19.5
15.6
59.8
127.1
48.8
17.9
16.7
12.2
7.5
59.1
Aggra-
vated
assault
85.0
14.2
33.6
24.5
8.0
5.3
3.5
5.2
70.8
81.9
98.3
41.6
30.9
17.6
26.3
50.3
76.0
55.4
40.1
32.4
20.8
18.3
49.3
74.6
63.1
31.9
33.5
12.5
16.6
67.4
143. 6
75.8
53.8
66.0
36.4
28.2
96.5
134.2
71.4
75.4
47.3
48.7
3.3.2
105.9
34.5
34.9
18.3
14.8
10.1
67.8
108.5
78.3
39.3
21.9
15.7
11.7
56.3
115.9
63.8
24.3
9.8
9.7
6.0
229.9
Burg-
lary—
break-
ing or
entering
444.9
260.8
190.0
333.8
272. 6
249. 4
223. 1
183.9
426.8
561.0
316.0
292.9
247. 6
197.7
165.3
378.0
437.9
458. 8
341.0
313.2
302.6
234.2
384.2
338.9
204.5
206. 0
174.3
167.4
155.2
117.4
148.7
84.3
192.0
129.0
78.3
48.8
95.2
117.9
109.8
130.3
58.3
49.0
52.3
49.1
70.7
94.1
49.2
48.5
26.5
21.8
139. 2
23.1
45. 6
28.7
31.6
29.5
531.5
595. 0
294.9
225. 8
257. 9
186. 7
518.5
Larceny-
theft
1, 037. 8
621.6
590.3
696. 2
680.3
598.3
525. 8
497. 5
730.5
849.0
625.5
599.7
638.2
549. 9
434.8
1, 029. 1
1, 0.56. 9
1,215.9
1, 114.6
1,070.6
1,049.9
588.4
1, 029. 3
490.2
731.1
486. 3
502. 3
414.0
349. 6
482.2
583. 0
588. 0
522. 3
367. 0
334. 5
215.0
527.7
678.0
699. 4
471.6
466. 6
262. 9
194.7
612.9
928.8
789.4
659. 9
555. 8
462. 3
374. 9
633.6
704. 2
484.8
628. 7
595. 6
567. 3
470.4
1, 186. 8
1,387.9
1, 179.2
980.6
863. 9
508. 9
1.139.3
1,085.1
1,415.0
1, 138.8
1,323.4
933.0
717.6
779.4
917.3
813.0
885. 1
807.5
578.9
365. 3
1,225.0
1,367.0
1,652.2
1,490.0
1,243.7
772. 1
457.0
1, 804. 1
1,578.0
2,481.5
1,786.2
2, 294. 3
1, 765. 5
1,232.4
1, 794. 6
1,688.3
1,871.8
1,865.5
2, 06(i. 6
1,950.5
1,765.6
Includes the report of the District of Columbia.
95
Table 33.— NUMBER OF CITIES IN EACH POPULATION GROUP, GEO-
GRAPHIC DIVISION, AND STATE REPRESENTED IN THE URBAN
CRIME RATE TABULATIONS (TABLES 30-32)
Total
Population group
Division and State
Over
250,000
100.000
to
250,000
.■^0,000 25,000
to to
100,000 50,000
10,000
to
25,000
Less
than
10,000
TOTAL;
Population, 79,754,626
2,583
41
63
126
242
668
1,443
New England:
Population, 6,254,711
179
1
11
17
32
66
52
Connecticut
26
19
89
16
18
11
570
4
2
1
10
1
3
10
2
14
2
3
1
45
3
7
42
5
7
2
135
7
Maine
9
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
1
6
16
8
Rhode Island
1
4
Vermont-. .
s
Middle Atlantic:
Population, 21,034,655
7
11
24
348
New Jersey
New Yorlv _
. 149
181
240
613
2
3
2
9
4
4
3
10
8
6
10
30
16
16
13
63
37
41
57
142
82
111
Pennsylvania
155
East North Central :
Population, 18,699,138
359
Illinois :
Indiana
152
85
118
176
82
289
65
52
68
45
28
13
18
248
1
1
1
. 5
1
5
1
4
2
3
4
9
4
7
6
4
9
14
9
9
19
12
18
38
18
32
40
14
76
89
49
Michigan ..... .
Ohio L-
67
103
Wisconsin
West North Central:
Population, 6,281,509
51
177
Iowa -
1
2
1
4
1
7
1
3
4
10
19
16
17
7
3
4
57
43
Kansas . .
29
Minnesota
2
2
1
46
Missouri..
2
1
20
Nebraska... .. .
19
North Dakota
2
1
8
South Dakota
i
12
South Atlantic:
Population, 7,791,482-__.__
3
9
20 27
132
Delaware.. . . ..
3
1
53
30
17
57
27
' 38
22
109
_
1
2
District of Columbia..
Florida ..
3
1
2
3
8
3
2
5
1
5
3
13
8
7
7
17
5
9
4
23
32
Georgia
INTarvland.
1
1
15
North Carolina
1
_.
5
3
4
3
4
''9
South Carolina
Virginia
18
17
West Virginia ■
12
East South Central:
Population, 3,134,880
3
6
61
Alabama
Kentucky.
28
' 36
20
25
183
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
5
3
7
5
6
5
59
15
25
Mississippi
8
Tennessee. ... .
1
5
3
6
13
West South Central:
Population, 5,699,731
3
12
93
Arkansas
22
19
42
100
132
1
3
2
3
4
11
5
6
15
33
25
13
Louisiana. ... .. ...
1
-
1
10
Oklahoma.-
2
3
2
22
Texas
8
3
48
Mountain :
Population, 2,163,341
90
Arizona..
14
27
24
16
6
14
20
11
260
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
21
7
7
3
1
3
1
3
85
12
Colorado
1
1
17
Idaho
15
Montana..
10
Nevada. _
4
New Me.xico
1
1
q
Utah
1
16
Wyoming
Pacific :
Population, 8,695,179
7
5
11
131
California
Oregon
183
34
43
5
1
1
3
11
14
2
5
67
8
10
83
23
Washington
2
_
25
96
Rural Crime Rates
Crime rates for rural areas in table 34 are based on the 1950 decennial
census in lieu of more recent population data for the areas repre-
sented. Any interpretations placed on these rates should include
considerations of the possible effects of changes in the population
since the 1950 decennial census.
Effect of population changes since 1950. No official population
estimates for rural areas are available. The rural crime rates in
table 34 are based on the 1950 population count for the areas repre-
sented. To illustrate to the reader the possible effect on these rates
due to population changes since 1950, a projection was used. This
reflected a possible increase in rural population of over 6 percent for
the period 1950-54. Adjusting the rates in table 34 on this basis
furnishes the following comparison :
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter -
Manslaughter by negligence
Rape--- ...^-
Robbery.. - - -
Aggravated assault :.
Burglary— breaking or entering -
Larceny— theft
Auto theft ---
Rural crime rates
Estimated
1950
population
population
(1954)
4.9
4.6
5.0
4.7
12.5
11.7
20.0
18.8
38.3
36.0
238.6
224.1
322.3
302.8
60.6
57.0
Rural rates are 6 percent less (before rounding off) using projected
population figures. It is not known whether the projected increase
in rural population is applicable to all areas represented by the crime
figures published in table 34.
Summary figures for rural areas are published since more detailed
presentation by states or geographic divisions does not appear practi-
cable. The reporting base is not as broad for rural areas as for cities.
It is noted that some rural reports used in the table may be limited
to arrest data, particularly for those crimes where proportionately
the fewest arrests are made. Of course, obviously incomplete rural
reports are excluded from the tabulations.
Table 34.— RURAL CRIME RATES, 1954
[Offenses known and rate per 100,000 inhabitants, as reported by 1,530 sheriffs, 150 rural village officers,
and 11 State police; total rural population 40,039,614, based on 1950 decennial census]
Offense
Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
Manslaughter by negligence..-
Rape - -
Robbery -
Aggravated as.sault
Burglary— breaking or entering-
Larceny— theft
Auto theft -
Offenses known
Number Rate
l.9«)
2,002
4.997
8,021
16.325
9.^ 527
129, 053
24, 275
4.9
5.0
12.5
20.0
38.3
238.6
322.3
CO. 6
OFFENSES IN INDIVIDUAL AREAS
Offenses in Individual Cities With More Than 25,000 Inhabitants
The number of offenses reported as having been committed during
the period of January-December 1954, is shown in table 35. The
compihxtion inckides the reports received from poUce departments
in cities with more than 25,000 inhabitants. Pohce administrators
and other interested individuals will probably find it desirable to
compare the crime rates of their cities with the average rates shown
in tables 30, 31, and 32 of this publication. Similarly, they will
doubtless desire to make comparisons with the figures for their com-
munities for prior periods, in order to determine whether there has
been an increase or a decrease in the amount of crime committed.
Caution should be exercised in comparing crime data for individual
cities because the differences in the figures may be due to a variety
of factors. Such comparisons are not necessarily significant even
though the figures for individual communities are converted into
terms of the number of offenses per 100,000 inhabitants.
The following is a list of some of the factors which affect the amount
of crime in the community:
Population of the city and metropolitan area adjacent thereto.
The . composition of the population with reference particularly to
age, sex, and race.
The economic status and activities of the population.
- Climate.
Educational, recreational, and religious facilities.
The number of police employees per unit of population.
The standards governing appointments to the police force.
The policies of the prosecuting officials and the courts.
The attitude of the public toward law-enforcement problems.
The degree of efficiency of the local law-enforcement agency.
The figures presented in the following tabulation are those reported
by the individual police departments in the cities represented without
reducing the data to crime rates (number of offenses per 100,000
inhabitants) .
In considering the volume of crime committed locally, it is gener-
ally more important to determine whether the figures for a given
community show increases or decreases rather than to ascertain
whether they exceed or fall short of those for some other individual
community, and it should be remembered that the amount of crime
committed in a community is not solely chargeable to the police
but is rather a charge against the entire community.
In publishing these figures the FBI acts as a service agency. The
figures published are those submitted by the contributing agencies.
(97)
98
Table 35.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, 1954,
CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION
City
Abilene, Tex
Abincrton, Pa..
Akron, Ohio
Alameda, Calif-
Albany, Ga
Albany, N.Y.
AlbiKuierque, N. Mex.
Alexandria, La
Alexandria, Va
Alhambra, Calif
Aliquippa, Pa-.
Alleiitown, Pa-
Alliance, Ohio-.
Alton, 111
Altoona, Pa
Araarillo, Tex
Amsterdam, N. Y-
Anderson, Ind
Ann Arbor, Mich-
Amiiston, Ala
Appleton, Wis-.
Arlington, Mass-
Arlington, Va
Asheville, N.C.
Ashland, Ky
Athens, Ga
Atlanta, Oa
Atlantic City, N. J.
Auburn, N. Y
Augusta, Ga
Aurora, 111
Austin, Tex
Bakersfield, Calif.
Baltimore, Md
Bangor, Maine
Barberton, Ohio
Baton Rouge, La
Battle Creek, Mich.
Bay City, Mich
Bayonne, N. J
Beaumont, Tex
Belleville, 111
Belleville, N. J
Bellingham, Wash.
Belmont, Mass
Beloit, Wis
Berkeley, Calif.
Berwyn, 111
Bessemer, Ala..
Bethlehem, Pa-
Beverly, Mass
Beverly Hills, Calif.
Billings, Mont
Biloxi,Miss. ,-_
Binghamton, N. Y..
Birmingham, Ala.
Bloomfipld.N. J..
Bloomington, 111. .
Bloomington, Ind.
Boise, Idaho
Boston, Mass
Bremerton, Wash.
Bridgeport, Corui.
Bristol, Conn
Brockton, Mass...
Murder, ,
nonneg- '
ligent I Robbery
man- |
slaughter
Aggra-
vated
assault
48
3
2
278
30
2
238
52
42
32
746
3
14
34
30
1
164
5
17
G
10
281
3
46
1
6
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
14 157 79
2 78 49
247 i 1,484 525
4 1 122 I 52
Only 7 months received
24 211 108
60 I 875 I 333
Only 6 months received
210 325 196
19 301 152
13 50 30
Only 1 month received
Under
$50
15
11
147
41
245
102
150
150
372
36
122
141
140
75
44
327
220
Only 1 month received
78
1,003
122
209
21
272
20
1, 737
2
61
2,497
562
42
219
104
654
382
4,691
63
46
1,518 '
464 I
23
58 i
128 ■
212
306
3, 240 I
68 I
1 69 43
Only 9 months received
210
174
199
190
119
5
2
1
20
335
3
1
269
48
363
50
61
101
62
65
~ 535
140
81
84
40
84
178
119
103
2, 198
80
114
145
116
1,523
92
343
51
261
703
108
2.910
375
442
1,311
1,008
511
150
20
212
35
376
64
292
.SI 8
1,109
16
59 i
54
514 i
157
284
65
358
30
436 ;
32
102
348
912 1
187
377 1
83
4,112
456
91
153
302
1,886
970
6.736
166
189
75
580
65
481
79
310
196
1, 226 1
36
137 1
20
82 !
94
147 ,
30
92 1
39
310 1
150
1,234 ;
62
126
49
115
71
226,
51
187
47
49
249
766
55
230
85
428
946
2,307
40
99
89
256
86
309
172
617
1, 665
3.066
76
472
348
686
22
74
111
470
99
Table 35.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, 1954,
CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Brookline, Mass..
Brownsville, Tex.
Buffalo, N.Y
Burbank, Calif
Burlington, Iowa-
Burlington, Vt
Butte, Mont
Cambridge, Mass.
Camden, N. J
Canton, Ohio
Cedar Rapids, Iowa-
Champaign, 111
Charleston, S. C
Charleston, W. Va..
Charlotte, N. C
Charlottesville, Va..
Chattanooga, Tenn_
Chelsea, Mass
Chester, Pa
Cheyenne, Wyo
Chicago, 111
Chicopee, Mass
Cicero, 111
Cincinnati, Ohio...
Clarksburg, W. Va.
Cleveland, Ohio..
Cleveland Heights, Ohio.
Clifton, N.J
Clinton, Iowa..
Colorado Springs, Colo...
Columbia, Mo...
Columbia, S. C.
Columbus, Oa...
Columbus, Ohio.
Compton, Calif.-
Concord, N. H
Corpus Christi, Tex..
Council BlufTs, Iowa.
Covington, Ky
Cranston. R. I
Cumberland, Md
Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio.
Dallas, Tex
Danville, 111
Danville, Va
Davenport, Iowa
Dayton, Ohio
Daytona Beach, Fla.
Dearborn, Mich
Decatur, 111
Denver, Colo
Des Moines, Iowa.
Detroit, Mich
Dubuque, Iowa...
Duluth, Minn
Durham, N. C
East Chicago, Ind
East Cleveland, Ohio.
East Hartford, Conn..
Easton, Pa
East Orange, N. J-.
East Providence, R. I.
East St. Louis, 111
Eau Claire, Wis
Elgin, 111
Murder, |
nonneg- (
ligent Robbery
man- 1
slaughter
277
23
2
108
1
5
5
205
35
3
2
61
40
86
55
10
12
89
47
65
1
102
13
46
18
5
64
241
5
1,128
4
6
4
9
Aggra-
vated
assault
17
25
329
2
6
379
10
13
15
133
15
44
10
597
54
3,540
238
16
3
62
12
94
32
3
11
52
104
532
35
120
3
56
12
4,132
3
76
281
315
1
10
1
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
202
209
1, 177
335
36
102
140
183
681
404
185
71
704
297
572
32
977
104
167
91
15,805
67
234
1,439
- 75
2,249
91
159
55
136
$50 and
over
(')
43
83
498
229
11
61
115
197
206
214
123
90
307
)
238
151
79
154
76
10, 724
56
174
1,132
23
1,353
37
92
35
127
Under
$50
No reports received
103
6
76
38
1
348
11
110
6
3
830
11
113
7
203
37
14
7
294
32
3,760
7
1
Only 7 months received
I 68 I 36
12 I 68 I 31
226
528
1,384
766
177
291
465
247
349
869
210
1,088
1,009
1,178
157
707
138
139
515
10, 238
152
320
3,057
66
14, 635
207
229
258
706
369
410
1,210
412
200
511
2,208
1,606
3,060
660
161
1,361
53
34
143
975
565
1,369
137
78
424
261
158
522
158
88
282
33
38
139
77
67
196
4,050
880
8,653
168
47
204
143
114
375
399
170
1,115
838
360
1,727
192
157
433
561
310
2,333
343
74
619
3,862
1,759
4,802
1,140
544
1,921
11,029
3,368
26, 042
84
64
317
308
208
990
180
182
455
186
192
418
104
29
258
70
64
142
74
25
170
342
101
446
66
62
244
213
141
See footnote at end of table.
100
Table 35.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, 1954,
CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Murder, j
nonneg-
ligent Robbery
man-
slaughter
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
Under
$50
Elizabeth, N.J.
Elkhart, Ind...
Elmira, N. Y...
El Paso, Tex.__
Elyria, Ohio___
Enid, Okla....
Eric, Pa
Euclid, Ohio..
Eugene, Oreg.
Evanston, 111.
Evansville, Ind...
Everett, Mass.
Everett, Wash.__-
Falrmont, W. Va.
Fall River, Mass..
Fargo, N. Dak
Fayette vilk", N. C.
Ferndale, Mich
Fitehburg, Mass...
Flint, Mich.._
Fond Du Lac, Wis....
Fort Dodge, Iowa
Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
Fort Smith, Ark
Fort Wayne, Ind
Fort Worth, Tex
Framiiigham, Mass.
Fresno, Calif
Gadsden, Ala
Gainesville, Fla
Galesburg, 111..
Galveston, Tex.
Garfield, N.J. _
Gary, Ind
Glendale, Calif.
Gloucester, Mass
Grand Forks, N. Dak-
Grand Rapids, Mich..
Granite City, 111
Great Falls, Mont
Green Bay, Wis...
Greensboro, N. C.
Greenville, Miss-.
Greenville, S. C...
Greenwich, Conn.
Hackensack, N.J.
Hagcrstown, Md..
Hamilton, N. J...
Hamilton, Ohio...
Hammond, Ind...
Hampton, Va
Hamtramck, Mich.
Harrishurg, Pa
Hartford, Conn
Hattiesburg, Miss..
Haverford, Pa
Haverhill, Mass
Hazleton, Pa
Hemi)stead, N. Y
Highland Park, Mich.
High Point, N. C
Hoboken, N.J
Holyoke, Mass
Honolulu City, Hawaii.
Hot Springs, Ark
16
12
22
219
103
5
3
2
163
47
293
80
105
922
57
149
472
65
147
204
650
97
231
220
101
133
356
44
52
131
19
224
305
324
37
84
Only 6 months received
9 263 191
1
123
3
441
65
147
101
180
958
1 39
No reports received
370
275
438
55
31
63
90
1,013
23
142
130
2 50 31
Only 7 months received
231
10
41
831
525
26
564
217
No reports received
230
12
34
3
67
16
86
44
13
123
19
80
728
233
68
139
437
97
384
46
62
196
158
213
392
214
125
406
756
106
81
115
43
154
245
94
162
127
1,351
142
283
81
259
270 2, 196 418
Only 2 months received
533
33
69
574
269
329
2,146
116
482
699
346
557
683
1,254
152
631
691
286
435
2,352
323
653
346
1,049
1,209
185
377
123
1,492
1,075
66
412
396
1,866
20
230
173
376
55
178
234
549 i
72
280 1
228
506 j
21
64 1
75
176 '■
43
319
86
327
138
481
443
1.048
226
458
224
277
216
470
404
917
28
103
49
1C6
32
84
23
43
142
181
285
711
74
205
93
137
68
311
610
2,945
67
135
101
Table 35.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, 1954,
CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny — theft
$50 and
over
Under
$50
Houston, Tex
Huntington, W. Va
Huntington Park, Calif.
Hutchinson, Kans
Independence, Mo
Indianapolis, Ind . .
Inglewood, Calif, . .
Iowa City, Iowa. ..
Irondequoit, N. Y.
Irvington, N. J
Ithaca, N. Y
Jackson, Mich
Jackson, Miss
Jackson, Tenn
Jacksonville, Fla.
Jamestown, N. Y, . .
Jefferson City, Mo..
Jersey City, N. J
Johnson City, Tenn.
Johnstown, Pa
Joliet, 111--.
Joplin, Mo —
Kalamazoo, Mich..
Kankakee, 111
Kannapolis, N. C
Kansas City, Kans.
Kansas City, Mo...
Kearny, N. J
Kenosha, Wis
Key West, Fhi
Kingston, N. Y
Knoxville, Term.-.
Kokomo, Irid
Lackawanna, N. Y.
La Crosse, Wis.....
LaFayette, Ind...
Lafayette, La
La Orange, Oa
Lake Charles, La.
Lakeland, Fla :
Lakewood, Ohio.
Lancaster, Pa.j..
Lansing, Mich...
Laredo, Tex
Laurel, Miss
Lawrence, Mass..
Lawton, Okla
Lebanon, Pa
Lewiston, Maine.
Lexington, Ky.._
Lima, Ohio
Lincoln, Nebr
Lincoln Park, Mich.
Linden, N. J
Little Rock, Ark....
Lockport, N. Y
Long Beach, Calif.
Lorain, Ohio
Los Angeles, Calif.
Louisville, Ky
Lowell, Mass
Lower Merion, Pa.
Lubbock, Tex
Lynchburg, Va
Lynn, Mass
102
1
3
1
1
32
1
397
29
36
423
56
1
1
13
10
13
13
207
1
6
67
126
372
2
2
165
137
309
21
3
188
14
1
14
10
15
12
103
340
4
5,165
226
275
126
84
2,391
398
38
65
251
71
213
587
114
1,564
85
25
674
141
112
210
259
63
56
758
1,194
71
90
1,463
155
226
22
84
1,470
281
46
16
55
61
134
76
70
1,152
40
23
216
33
83
104
180
159
30
16
331
1,179
43
66
Only 4 months received
No reports received
No reports received
3 64 37
302 441 241
267
167
No reports received
5,989
582
610
279
239
3,535
615
139
132
309
222
517
470
226
2,292
165
90
434
158
246
391
261
824
218
105
1,183
2,548
176
385
4
57
30
91
94
421
254
373
No reports received
17
95
39
126
5
90
42
615
11
195
90
514
3
7
61
37
118
9
33
105
124
216
3
69
118
95
151
9
1
118
60
329
16
37
105
62
442
8
9
226
127
834
7
65
140
37
275
4
5
137
16
109
8
6
142
49
240
25
20
150
34
456
217
741
420
1,314
6
4
135
61
202
145
76
676
499
1,136
4
1
40
22
76
267
217
2,526
(')
3,663
16
54
175
86
292
3,645
4,608
18,209
13,547
24.176
510
561
2,506
2,274
2,863
10
67
230
90
334
3
1
161
128
283
23
64
525
347
1,405
10
63
146
53
372
13
2
452
221
788
See footnote at end of table.
102
Table 35.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, 1954,
CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Murder, '
nonneg-
ligent Robbery
man-
slaughter.
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary—
breaking
or enter- $50 and
ing over
Larceny — theft
Under
$50
Lynwood, Calif
Macon, Ga
Madison, Wis
Maiden, Mass
Manchester, N. H.
Manitowoc, Wis. .
Mansfield. Ohio..
Maplevvood, N. J.
Marion, Ind
Marion, Ohio
Mason City, Iowa.
Massillon, Ohio
Maywood; 111
McKeespOrt, Pa. . .
Medford, Mass
Melrose, Mass...
Memphis, Tenn.
Meriden, Conn..
Meridian, Miss. .
Miami, Fla
Miami Beach, Fla..
Michigan City, Ind.
Middletown, Conn..
Middlotown, Ohio..
Milwaukee. Wis
Mlmieapolis, Minn.
Mishawaka, Ind
Mobile, Ala
Moline, 111
Monroe, La
Montclair, N. J
Montgomery, Ala
Morgantown, W. Va..
Mount Lebanon. Pa..
Mount Vernon, N. Y.
Muncie, Ind
Muskegon, Mich.
Muskogee, Okla..
Nashua, N. H....
Nashville, Tenn..
New Albany, Ind...
Newark, N. J
Newark, Ohio
New Bedford, Mass.
New Britain, Conn.
New Brunswick, N. J.
Newburgh, N. Y
New Castle, Pa
New Haven, Conn
New Kensington, Pa..
New London, Coim.
New Orleans, La
Newport, Ky
Newport, R. I
Newport News, Va. .
New Rochelle, X. Y.
Newton, Mass.
New York, N. Y
Niagara Falls, N. Y.,
Norfolk, Va
Norman, Okla
Norristown, Pa
Nortliampton, Mass
North Bergen, N. J
North Little Rock, Ark.
315
2
28
155
3
21
M
9
1
120
4
608
2
18
13
10
4
3
40
1
1
541
9
29
8
5
10, 310
26
302
232
510
284
90
81
59
236
30
93
92
30
106
101
138
96
203
144
52
37
56
106
18
47
96
42
U
53
77
51
420
346
40
16
12
14
?
6
8
152
286
462
105
3
1
64
177
8
1
11
12
4
10
36
81
5
36 13
727 1,657 628
3 207 20
Only 4 months received
3,585
765
121
45
120
810
2, 967
100
1,064
106
144
82
418
65
Only 5 month's received
Onlv 11 months received
5 1 62 I 37
I 40 I 39
No reports received
No reports received
303
573
838
209
325
287
381
55
296
295
183
263
108
281
281
86
991
142
1,183
3,071
862
668
107
415
32
99
98
404
1,544
4,963
1,416
4,472
73
282
228
900
00
354
43
287
47
165
236
476
37
71
11
153
140
168
12
284
148
651
21
226
147
516
3
168
04
280
1
64
39
191
89
1,034
695
1,392
9
02
62
299
532
3,366
1,271
3,599
2
91
59
337
15
443
281
877
10
96
146
270
18
173
50
315
10
119
91
192
5
96
68
174
54
690
306
904
12
17
21
37
6
80
70
246
562
1,615
1,441
2, 945
7
127
63
137
7
53
65
281
88
267
402
1,096
25
145
146
258 ,
3
321
212
539
9,519
47, 596
42, 514
31,9*36
45
256
260
386
1,421
1.556
1,413
2.171
103
Table 35.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, 1954,
CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
assault
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
Larceny— theft
$50 and
over
Under
$50
Norwalk, Conn.
Norwich, Conn.
Norwood, Ohio.
Nutley, N.J....
Oakland, Calif..
Oak Park, 111
Oak Ridge, Tenn
Odessa, Tex
Ogden, Utah ..
Oklahoma City, Okla.
Omaha, Nebr...
Orange, N. J
Orlando, Fla
Oshkosh, Wis...
Ottumwa, Iowa.
Owensboro, Ky
Paducah, Ky
Palo Alto,Calif
Panama City, Fla....
Parkersburg, W. Va.
Parma, Ohio
Pasadena, Calif..
Passaic, N. J
Paterson, N. J...
Pawtucket, R. I.
Pensacola, Fla
Peoria, 111
Perth Amboy, N. J.
Petersburg, Va
Philadelphia, Pa
Phoenix, Ariz...
Pine Bluff, Ark.
Pittsburgh, Pa..
Pittsfleld, Mass-
Plainfleld, N. J_
Pocatello, Idaho
Pomona, Calif
Pontiac, Mich
Port Arthur, Tex_.
Port Huron, Mich.
Portland, Maine
Portland, Oreg
Portsmouth, Ohio...
Portsmouth, Va
Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Providence, R. I.
Provo, Utah
Pueblo, Colo.....
Quiney, 111
Quincy, Mass
Racine, Wis
Raleigh, N. C
Rapid City, S. Dak...
Reading, Pa
Redondo Beach, Calif.
Redwood City, Calif...
Reno, Nev
Revere, Mass
Richmond, Calif
Richmond, Ind
Richmond, Va...
Riverside, Calif..
Roanoke, Va
Rochester, Minn.
Rochester, N. Y.
4
134
13
7
25
1
2
1
1
4
3
18
2
12
11
107
87
12
27
1
6
9
22
1
4
1
1
52
10
50
6
23
81
5
44
2,948
147
23
625
3
6
11
18
32
2
3
14
291
52
50
23
4
11
16
4
58
28
64
20
228
20
19
13 202 123 267
Only 9 months received
3 I 78 I 61 I 149
No reports received
306
27
12
30
123
26
225
1
20
133
6
3
1
19
30
149
4
74
118
7
176
2,198
238
32
264
1
7
5
10
69
21
13
16
172
14
350
17
73
2
17
5
1
17
269
5
7
16
3
13
69
73
6
243
20
67
1
72
2,948
408
6,818
133
93
256
27
23
115
199
104
702
245
139
1,029
1,927
1,333
2,798
679
250
2,019
99
42
187
535
273
571
106
42
692
48
12
137
149
90
382
189
106
158
44
107
359
96
65
124
72
72
166
82
28
110
585
462
1,490
174
96
163
657
67
737
224
96
348
301
119
649
723
198
1,059
114
136
193
209
135
535
12, 256
7,088
9,514
1,222
776
3,139
245
68
181
2,879
1,403
1,321
82
77
272
121
94
144
98
81
305
285
137
620
469
170
646
66
40
228
94
40
381
214
154
595
2,399
1,581
4,588
257
179
438
471
287
601
103
99
409
1,235
604
1,768
83
44
577
316
227
848
155
99
312
291
87
449
174
73
723
258
161
616
32
67
133
263
133
568
369
64
404
101
106
506
532
388
561
159
70
159
461
215
1,849
118
123
145
1,606
906
3,533
297
183
669
282
226
683
55
59
427
1,004
558
2,578
104
Table 35.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, 1954,
CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
Aggra-
vated
Bur-
glary-
breaking
assault i or enter-
I ing
Larceny— theft
$50 and ; Under
over $50
Auto
theft
Rocktord, 111
Rock Island, 111
Rocky Mount, N. C.
Rome, Ga
Rome, N. Y -.
Roswell, N. Mcx-..
Royal Oak,' Mich..
Sacramento, Calif. .
Saginaw, Mich
St. Cloud, Minn...
St. .Toseph, Mo
St. Louis, Mo
St. Paul, Minn
St. Petersburg, Fla.
Salem, Mass.
Salem, Oreg
Salina, Kans ^
Salt Lake City, Utah.
San Angelo, Tex.
San Antonio, Tex 1
San Bernardino, Calif.!. =
San Diego, Califs __:....
Sandusky, Ohio --l-..
San Francisco, Calif':
San Jose, Calif .
San Leandro, Calif
San Mateo, Calif...
Santa An^, Calif...
Santa Barbara, Call:
Santa Fe,;N. Mex...
Santa Monica, Califi
Savannah', Oa
Schenectady, N. Y
Scranton.'Pa
■Seattle, 'Wash
Shaker Heights, Ohio.
Sharon, I^a
Sheboygan, 'Wis ...
Shrevepopt,- La ...
5ioux City, Iowa......
Sioux Falls, S. Dak.
Somerville, Mass
South Bend, Ind...
South Gate, Calif. . .
Spartanbiirg, S. C
Spokane, Wash...
Springfield, III
Springfield, Mass.
Springfield, Mo...
Springfield, Ohio..
Stamford, Conn
SteuluMivUle, Ohio.
Stockton, Calif
Stratford, Conn
Superior, Wis
Syracuse, N. Y..
Tacoma, Wash..
Tallaliassce, Fla.
Tampa, Fla
Taunton, Mass..
Tcaneck, N. J
Temi)le, Tex
Terre Haute, Ind.
Toledo, Ohio
Topeka, Kans
20
6
1,932
195
23
226
213
138
103
50
142
171
60
95
20
1
52
178
2
17
2,209
41
37
No reports received
195
779
239
55
138
6,520
1,383
500
66
931
161
32
90
2,106
405
281
2
11
16
72
34
19
33
170
872
64
.50
239
155
5
27
1,069
748
68
15
19
4
10
7
14
14
10
26'
4.
6
77.
43,
128
445
11
6
12'
16
481
137
9
3-
2
Only 7 months received
145
145
1,059
257
2,488
494
1,398
73
5,124
526
IfiO
117
249
209
167
642
633
193
456
3,225
36
46
67
Only 11 months received
9
14
1
18
20-
41
21
9.H
8'
24
70
27
28
34
5
29
16
4
27
21
7
29
18
19
100
55
?
6
4
31
13:
78
19
No reports received
172
145
1,778
1
16
109
4
2
82
14
41
108
18
10
377
179
262
1, .588
48
70
353
434
296
58
155
527
2,511
1,398
279
554
10,491
3,569
767
76
451
43
358
698
2,557
48
325
1,049
4,390
390
1,019
1,854
3,410
39
289
1,538
9,023
247
-2,100
133
554
153
578
174
763 i
102
660 1
109
457
672,
... 1,167; 1
468
727 !
174
295
92
■484 1
1,684
5,a7i I
56
296
25
69 '
57
218 i
252
124
725
84
84
462
328
224
471
736
342
1,369 1
492
294
544
151
80
. 359
705
399
2,905
246
108
- 658
256
150
507 1
253
128
317
236
100
672 1
268
257
597.
196
111
216.1
572
543
1,350 1
80
82
153 1
76
37
473 :
564
553
U452 i
602
474
1,821 !
692
1,423 1
24
260
47
100 1
50
317 1
107
615
929
3,072
157
933 1
105
Table 35.— NUMBER OF OFFENSES KNOWN TO THE POLICE, 1954,
CITIES OVER 25,000 IN POPULATION— Continued
City
Tonington, Conn.
Trenton, N.J
Troy, N. Y
Tucson, Ariz
Tulsa, Okla
Tuscaloosa, Ala
Tyler, Tex
Union, N. J
Union City, N.J
University City, Mo.
Upper Darby, Pa
Utica, N. Y
Vallejo, Calif..
Valley Stream, N. Y.
Vancouver, Wash
Vicksburg, Miss.
Waco, Tex...
Waltham, Mass..
Warren, Ohio
Warwick, R. I...
Washington, D. C.
Washington, Pa
Waterbury, Conn..
Waterloo, Iowa
Watertown, Mass..
Watertown, N. Y.
Waukegan, 111
Wausau, Wis
Wauwatosa, Wis..
West Allis, Wis...
West Hartford, Conn..
West Haven, Conn
West New York, N. J..
West Orange, N. J
West Palm Beach, Fla.
Weymouth, Mass...
Wheeling, W. Va...
White Plains, N. Y.
Wichita, Kans
Wichita Falls, Tex..
WUkes-Barre, Pa..
Wilkinsburg, Pa...
WUliamsport, Pa..
WUmington, Del...
Wilmington, N. C.
Winona, Minn
Winston-Salem, N. C.
Woodbridge, N. J
Woonsocket, R. I
Worcester, Mass
Wyandotte, Mich..
Yakima, Wash
Yonkers, N. Y._...
York, Pa.-..-
Youngstown, Ohlo-
ZanesvUle, Ohio
Murder,
nonneg-
ligent
man-
slaughter
Robbery
46
18
38
133
1
32
4
33
1
804
4
14
7
4
2
30
Aggra-
vated
assault
1
63
19
40
107
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or enter-
ing
42
605
194
472
1,138
Larceny — theft
$50 and
over
7
291
74
190
795
146 141
Complete data not received ^
Under
$50
70
6
15
3
3
11
205
3
2
4,658
1
16
21
1
5
60
1
1
1
Complete data not received ^
70
545
80
1.563
1,763
173
166
95
275
215
m
130
134
147
270
274
100
453
238
111
612
115
101
458
75
73
1.32
166
103
535
49
41
125
527
186
1,188
186
56
371
175
115
322
166
138
133
3,514
1,617
6,466
67
55
170
291
167
390
149
98
507
177
44
150
120
95
266
109
97
221
49
28
233
58
52
255
75
65
424
135
42
173
46
35
43
1
9
'
66
269
73
82
118
264
48
2
33
13
29
11
5
3
92
64
130
15
39
177
147
299
83
224
1,247
506
2,368
28
72
364
211
1,120
10
4
146
82
191
12
8
86
30
175
7
9
122
105
413
64
25
576
358
1,332
24
296
352
135
450
1
27
50
222
33
110
423
162
635
6
1
201
59
133
4
112
37
125
58
10
767
330
1,121
4
2
99
79
325
28
17
288
141
1,309
15
25
238
100
769
13
16
213
94
575
113
23
545
434
981
12
6
162
80
352 ,
' Larcenies not separately reported. Figure listed includes both major and minor larcenies.
* The crime reporting for the city indicated does not meet acceptable standards established by the Com-
mittee on Uniform Crime Records of the Intemational Association of Chiefs of Police.
106
Offenses Known in Jurisdictions Outside the United States
Crimes in areas outside the 48 states are represented by the figures
in table 36. The data inckide reports contributed vohintarily by
law enforcement agencies in Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the
Canal Zone. These data are not presented elsewhere in this bulletin
except that the figures for the city of Honolulu also appear in table 35.
Table 36.— OFFENSES KNOWN IN JURISDICTIONS OUTSIDE THE
UNITED STATES, 1954
Jurisdiction reporting
Murder,
nonneg-
ligcnt
man-
slaughter
Roh- ' Aggra-
e°'?: 1 vated
^''^y assault
Alaska:
Anchorage City
Department of Territorial Police
(Juneau)
. First judicial division (Juneau)
Hawaii;
HaAvaii County
Honolulu City
Honolulu County,
Kauai County
Maui County
Isthmus of Panama: Canal Zone-
Puerto Rico
28
4
181
Bur-
glary-
breaking
or
entering
100
119
114
1,351
355
70
173
177
4,387
Larceny— theft
Over
$50
152
335
13
24
610
195
10
20
66
Under
$50
190
143
287
2,945
850
158
346
664
6,648
Auto
theft
321
2
14
359
68
6
154
SUPPLEMENTAL CRIME DATA
Source
Police in cities of over 25,000 inhabitants contribute a secondary
report each month containing vahiable analyses for the rape, robbery,
burglary, larceny, and auto theft classifications. The extent of the
breakdown of information is shown in tables 37, 38, and 39.
A comparison of reports from 409 identical cities was made for
1953-54 to provide trend information (see table 37). These 409 cities
of over 25,000 inhabitants represent a combined population of over
55.6 million (1950 census).
Property loss and recovery data were supplied by slightly more
cities than the 409 represented in the trend table. (See tables 38
and 39.)
Trends
Robberies (strong arm and armed) in 409 cities over 25,000 in
population increased 9.4 percent. Over 50 percent were highway
robberies and these increased 4.0 percent in 1954 as compared with
1953. Although oil station robberies declined 4.2 percent, robberies
of other business places increased 16.7 percent. Chain store robberies
led with an increase of 47.5 percent. Bank robberies increased 10.7
percent in the 409 cities represented while robberies of other commer-
cial houses (excluding oil stations, chain stores, and banks) increased
18.0 percent.
Robberies of residences rose 22.1 percent and miscellaneous types
of robberies increased 0.1 percent.
Burglaries. Unlawful entries in 409 cities over 25,000 increased
6.9 percent. By time of day the greatest increase (8.9 percent)
occurred in daytime burglaries. Night breakings rose only 6.2
percent. Daytime burglaries of stores, offices and other nonresidence
places reflected an increase of 16.4 percent while unlawful entries of
residences in the daytime rose 6.9 percent.
Larceny- theft. Shoplifting and auto accessory thefts led the
increases in the larceny classification. Wliile the over-all rise in
larcenies was 4.5 percent in 409 cities over 25,000, shoplifting jumped
11.4 percent and auto accessory thefts climbed 9.4 percent. Pocket
pickings declined 3.0 percent.
(107)
108
Table 37— OFFENSE ANALYSIS, TRENDS, 1953-54
[409 cities over 25,000. Total 1950 population 55,060,886]
Classification
Rape:
Total .
Forcible. -
Statutory.
Robbery;
Total
Higliway
Commercial house-
Oil station
Ciiain store
Residence.-
Bank
Miscellaneous
Burglary— breaking or entering :
Total-
Residence (dwelling) :
Night
Day
Nonresidence (store, office, etc.):
Night -----
Day
larceny— theft (except auto theft, by value):
Total --
$50 and over.
$5 to $50
Under $5
Larceny— theft (by type):
Total
Pocket-picking -.
Purse-snatching
Shoplifting- 1 ..'. J. . J ...... .
Thefts from autos (except accessories) .
Auto accessories ■.--.^..-
Bicycles ^
All others...'
Auto theft :
Stolen
Recovered.
Number of offenses
1953
7,672
4,155
3,517
44. 306
23, 385
11,656
2,145
846
3,787
112
2,375
255, 986
57, 442
49, 408
135, 672
13. 444
594, 446
171, 721
343, 507
79, 218
7,763
3, 932
3.831
48, 491
24,312
13, 750
2,055
1,248
4,625
124
2,377
273, 641
60, 471
52, 814
144, 701
15, 655
594, 446
7,909
12, 386
23, 666
121,132
112,282
100, 748
216, 323
126, 313
118, 579
621,474
173, 433
357, 771
90, 270
621. 474
7,675
12, 350
26, 353
123, 361
122, 789
105. 107
223, 839
Percent
change
-fl.2
-5.4
-1-8.9
-i-9. 4
-1-6.9
-f5.3
-1-0.9
-t-C.7
4-16.4
-1-4.5
-1-1.0
-(-4.2
-1-14.0
-1-4.5
120. 449
113, 168
-3.0
.. -.3
+ 11.4
- -fl.8
-1-9. 4
-1-4.3
-1-3.5
-4.6
-4.6
Property Loss, By Crime
The average loss per property crime was $208 in 1954. For crimes
against property except auto theft the loss per offense was $111.
Average loss figm-es by crime in 1954 were: robber}-, $219; bm'giary,
$176; larceny, $74; and auto theft, $963. Auto thefts represent over
half the property loss. However, 94 percent of the autos stolen were
recovered.
The per capita loss to property crimes was $3.96. (The 425 cities
represented in table 38 had a combined population of 58,469,880
under the 1950 decennial census.)
109
Table 38.— VALUE OF PROPERTY STOLEN, BY TYPE OF CRIME, 1954
1425 cities over 25,000. Total 1950 population 58,469,880. Values rounded off]
Classification
TOTAL.
Robbery
Burglary
Larceny — theft
Auto theft
Number of
offenses
1,112,088
52. 060
2S8, 878
644, 713
126, 437
Value of
property stolen
$231, 500, 646
Average
value per
offense
219
176
74
963
Value of Property Stolen and Recovered by Type of Property
Fifty-two percent of the value loss in 1954 was automobiles (table 39,
421 cities). Over 93 percent of the value of stolen cars was recovered.
Of the $221.8 million loss to property crimes, property valued at
$123.4 million or 55.6 percent was recovered in 1954.
Currency, jewels, precious metals, and furs represented 52.2 percent
of the loss other than automobiles.
Table 39.— VALUE OF PROPERTY STOLEN AND VALUE OF PROPERTY
RECOVERED, BY TYPE OF PROPERTY, 1954
[421 cities over 2.5,000. Total 1950 population 56,282,211. Values rounded off]
Type of property
TOTAL...
Currency, notes, etc
Jewelry and precious metals
Furs
Clothing
Locally stolen automobiles. _
Miscellaneous
Value of property
Stolen
$221, 824, 503
28. 649, 942
20, 004, 202
7,341,718
12, 259, 254
114.494,285
39, 075, 102
Recovered
$123, 397, 662
2,711,396
2, 326, 281
417,347
1,238,320
106, 777, 636
9, 926, 682
Percent
recovered
55.6
11.6
5.7
10.1
93.3
25.4
AGE, SEX, AND FACE OF PERSONS ARRESTED
Source
Reporting area. Reports from 1,389 cities representating 38,642,183
inhabitants (1950 decennial census) were usable for 1954. Usable
reports for 1953 and 1954 from 1,005 identical cities (combined 1950
population of 32,633,967) were used in the arrest trend figures. The
1,389 cities above represent about 43 percent of the urban population
while the 1,005 cities represented in the trends cover approximately
37 percent of the urban population.
Reports are compiled locally b}^ police in urban places on an annual
basis. Arrests of all persons for violations occurring within the
reporting jurisdiction are counted. (The only traffic arrests included
are those for driving wdiile intoxicated and arrests for negligent man-
slaughter.) This count does not distinguish between arrests followed
by the placing of formal charges and arrests followed by release
without a formal charge being filed.
Arrests versus offenses known. The figures presented in this section
deal with the number of persons arrested and do not reflect the number
of offenses known to the police. Oft'ensos known data appear in the
preceding pages of this publication.
Completeness of data. Reports were not used (1) where police
pointed out that all juveniles were not included or (2) where it was
obvious the report was incomplete in any other manner. However, a
few reports included in the tabulations do not include all youthful
oft'enders because local procedures bypass the police in a percentage
of the juvenile cases, according to the police.
A second annual arrest tabulation (Return C) received from report-
ing police is used as a guide to the completeness of the age, sex and
race data. Information from the Return C, which includes dispositions
of arrests, is published in the semiannual issue of this bulletin.
Trends, 1953-54
Arrests of juveniles (under 18) increased 2.3 percent ^^•hilo arrests
of adults decreased 1.9 percent in 1954 (1,005 cities over 2,500, total
1950 population of 32,033,967).
Cities over 25,000 dominated the over-all 2.3 percent increase in
arrests of juveniles. These larger cities reflected a 2.8 percent rise in
arrests of young persons under 18 while total arrests decreased 0.5
percent. (253 cities over 25,000, 1950 population total of 25,213,979.)
Arrests of young persons (under 18) in smaller cities remained
(110)
Ill
almost unchanged with a 0.2 percent increase shown. In the smaller
cities, total arrests decreased 5.2 percent. (752 cities, 2,500 to 25,000
in population, combined 1950 population of 7,419,988.)
Table 40.— ARREST TRENDS, 1953-54
[Population figures from 1950 decennial census]
Total— 1,005
cities: total
population
32,633,967
Over 25,000—
253 cities:
population
25,213,979
2,500 to 25,000—
752 cities:
population
7,419,988
Total arrests :
1953
1954
Change
Percent change
Under 18:
1953
1954
Change .--
Percent change
1,472,389
1,450,721
-21, 668
-1.5
139, 003
142, 220
+3,217
+2.3
1, 177, 579
1,171,315
-6,264
-0.5
111,719
114,881
+3, 162
+2.8
294, 810
279, 406
-15,404
-5.2
27, 284
27, 339
+55
+0.2
Number of Arrests, 1954
Arrests totaled 1,688,555 in 1954 in 1,389 cities over 2,500 in popu-
lation. Based on the 1950 combined population of 38,642,183, these
cities represent about 43 percent of the city population of the United
States.
Crimes against the person. Arrests numbered 94,795 (criminal
homicide, rape, and assault).
Crimes against property. Arrests for crimes with property as their
object numbered 170,814 (robbery, burglary, larceny, auto theft,
embezzlement and fraud, buying and receiving stolen property, and
forgery and counterfeiting).
Age of Persons Arrested, 1954
Persons age 17 or under represented almost 10 percent (9.7) of the
1954 arrests in 1,389 cities. Juveniles (under 18) represented 57.6
percent of all persons arrested for auto theft. They were also high in
burglary and larceny arrests, 49.0 percent and 43.6 percent, respec-
tively, of the persons arrested in each category.
Over 51 percent of arrests for property crimes were of young persons
under 21. For crimes against the person, young people represented
only 14 percent of the arrests.
112
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(a) Murder and
slaughter...
(b) Manslaughte)
obbery
geravatcd assault. -
ther assaults
° ; ;i:'-;
"S ;e
Trying, p
inst famil
le intoxie
onduct..
13
o
1^
reaking
eft ....
■nt and
rty; bu
counte
and co;
ten.ses
: i ; :p
<
urglary— b
arceny— th
uto theft.,
mbez.zlemc
olen propc
orgery and
ape
rostitution
ther sex ofl
arcotic dri:
c: K t« ■- O
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agraney...
ambling.,
i.-picion...
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o «-«;o
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r^
o
hj;:
a
::.>OtD< 1
113
PERSONS ARRESTED UNDER
18 YEARS OF AGE
PERCENT OF TOTAL ARRESTS
CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY
OFFENSES
ROBBERY
CALENDAR YEAR 1954
• UNDER 18 YEARS
OF AGE
TOTAL ARRESTS,
ALL AGES
BURGLARY
LARCENY
AUTO THEFT
EMBEZZLEMENT
AND FRAUD
RECEIVING STOLEN
PROPERH
FORGERY AND
COUNTERFEITING
12,220
39,925
73,650
20,286
13,457
3.114
8,162
1,389 CITIES TOTAL POPULATION 38,642,183
Figure 14.
114
Table 42.— NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF ARRESTS OF PERSONS
UNDER 18, UNDER 21, AND UNDER 25 YEARS OF AGE, 1954; 1,389
CITIES OVER 2,500 IN POPULATION
[Total population 38,642,183, based on 1950 decennial census]
Offense charged
TOTAL
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man
slaughter
(b) Manslaughter by negligence
Robbery
Aggravated assault
Other assaults
Burglary— breaking or entering..
Larceny— theft
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc...
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
All other offenses
Number of persons arrested
Total
1, 688, 555
1.706
1,054
12, 220
19, 635
68, 585
39, 925
73, 650
20, 288
13,457
3,114
8,162
3,815
22, 833
16, 098
6,634
13, 538
22, 126
34, 276
84, 600
167, 571
713, 837
64, 685
36, 245
57, 035
133, 468
Under
18
163, 666
78
57
2,284
1,301
4,048
19, 555
32, 108
11,678
302
810
457
584
187
2,921
160
1,776
1,586
3,651
358
16, 484
4,638
2,701
354
9,118
46, 470
Under
21
269, 831
173
146
4,412
2,767
8, 766
25, 130
40, 163
14,734
1,017
1,175
1,148
1,385
1,956
4,305
802
3, 265
2,803
3,163
32, 857
20, 274
7,551
1,217
17,893
63,641
Under
25
438, 072
377
299
6,924
5,319
17,993
29,582
47, 012
16, 808
2,631
1,491
2,523
2,185
8,257
6,506
2,391
5,392
5,853
11,983
12,714
57, 042
64, 434
13. 080
3,738
26, 952
84, 586
Percentage
Under
18
9.7
4.6
5.4
18.7
6.6
5.9
49.0
43.6
57.6
2.2
26.0
5.6
15.3
.8
18.1
2.4
13.1
7.2
10.7
.4
9.8
.6
4.2
1.0
16.0
25.3
Under
21
16.0
10.1
13.9
36.1
14.1
12.8
62.9
54.5
72.6
7.6
37.7
14.1
36.3
8.6
26.7
12.1
24.1
12.7
26.5
3.7
19.6
2.8
11.7
3.4
31.4
34.7
Under
25
25.8
22.1
28.4
56.7
27.1
26.2
74.1
63.8
82.9
19.6
47.9
30.9
57.3
36.2
40.4
36.0
39.8
26. 5
35.0
15.0
34.0
9.0
20.2
10.3
47.3
46.1
115
Sex of Persons Arrested, 1954
Female arrests. Eleven percent of the 1,688,555 persons arrested
in 1,389 cities in 1954 were females.
Male arrests numbered 1,503,172 in the same cities, or 89 percent.
Table 43 reflects arrest information by sex as reported by 1,389
cities.
Table 43.— DISTRIBUTION OF ARRESTS BY SEX, 1954; 1,389 CITIES
OVER 2,500 IN POPULATION
[Total population 38,642,183, based on 1950 decennial census]
Offense charged
TOTAL
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
(b) Manslaughter by negligence
Robbery
Aggravated assault ._
Other assaults
Burglary— breaking or entering
Larceny— theft
Auto theft- - -
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving, etc
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape
Prostitution and commercialized vice.
Other sex offenses
Narcotic drug laws
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc
Offenses against family and children
Liquor laws
Driving while intoxicated
Disorderly conduct.
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
All other offenses
Number
Total
1,688,555
1,706
1,054
12. 220
19. 835
68. 585
39, 925
73, 650
20. 286
13, 457
3,114
8,162
3,815
22, 833
16, 098
6,634
13, 538
22, 126
34, 276
84, 600
167, 571
713, 837
64, 685
36, 245
57, 035
183,468
Male Female
1, 503, 172
1,382
985
11,705
16,518
61,438
39, 036
64,078
19, 787
11,517
2,833
7,065
3,815
6,833
12, 526
5,473
12, 625
20, 007
27, 981
81, 0,55
140, 082
658, 855
57, 449
33, 061
51, 512
155, 554
324
69
515
3,117
7,147
9,572
499
1,940
281
1,097
16, 000
3.572
1,161
913
2,119
6.295
3,545
27. 489
54, 982
7,236
3,184
5,523
27,914
Percent
Total
100.0
.1
.1
.7
1.2
4.1
2.4
4.4
1.2
.5
.2
1.4
1.0
1.3
2.0
42.2
3.8
2.1
3.4
10.8
Male
100.0
1.1
4.1
2.6
4.3
1.3
1.3
1.9
5.4
9.3
43.7
3.8
2.2
3.4
10.3
Female
100.0
(')
.3
1.7
3.9
.5
5.2
.3
1.0
.2
8.6
1.9
.6
.5
1.1
3.4
1.9
14.8
29.6
3.9
1.7
3.0
15.1
' Less than Yio of 1 percent.
116
Race of Persons Arrested, 1954
Over 71.4 percent of the 1,688,555 arrests in 1,389 cities were mem-
bers of the white race. Members of the Negro race numbered
439,762 or 26 percent of the arrests in the reporting cities.
Table 44.— ARRESTS BY RACE, 1954; 1,389 CITIES OVER 2,500 IN
POPULATION
[Total population 38,642,183, based on 1950 docennial census]
Offense charged
TOTAL.
Criminal homicide:
(a) Murder and nonnegligent man-
slaughter .,_
(b) Manslaughter by negligence
Robbery
Aggravated assault
other assaults
Burglary-breaking or entering.
Larceny-theft.
Auto theft
Embezzlement and fraud
Stolen property; buying, receiving;, etc.
Forgery and counterfeiting
Rape.
Prostitution and commercialized vice,
other sex offenses.
Narcotic drug laws...
Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc...
Offenses against family and children.
Liquor laws ^
Driving while intoxicated.
Disorderly conduct
Drunkenness
Vagrancy
Gambling
Suspicion
All other offenses.
Tetal
all
races
1, 688, 555
1,706
1,054
12, 220
19, 635
68, 585
39, 925
73, 650
20, 286
13,457
3.114
8,162
3,815
22, 833
16, 098
6,634
13, 538
22, 126
34, 276
84, 600
167, 571
713, 837
64, 685
36, 245
57, 035
183, 468
Race
1,206,110 439,762
Negro
630
840
6,643
7,372
38, 937
28, 481
50, 008
15,907
10, 455
2,016
6,872
2, 246
8,481
12, 361
2,371
5,982
15, 788
19. "31
71, 732
109,615
556. 732
49,507
10,873
39, 791
133, 679
1,064
297
6,482
12, 106
29, 159
11,176
22, 823
4, lfi9
2,944
1,076
1,234
1, 527
14,081
3, 484
4,154
7,437
6,179
14, 195
11,
55, 737
126, 663
13,311
25, 044
16, 796
46, 915
Indian
Chi-
nese
Japa-
nese
33,212
55
69
282
149
444
138
28
14
40
12
174
162
5
49
82
245
736
1,
26, 289
1,275
17
345
1.103
363 1
REPORTING AREA
Population Represented
Nine out of every 10 people in the United States were represented
by Uniform Crime Reports in 1954. The total population coverage
was 135,589,122 or 90.0 percent (1950 census figures).
Most city dwellers (95.7 percent) were represented and the crime
reporting coverage extended to 81.6 percent of the people living out-
side the limits of cities (rural areas). However, notice the next
paragraph. Some contributors did not send in reports for all months
of the year.
Contributors
Contributors numbered 5,787 in 1954. Police in 84.3 percent of the
cities and law enforcement agencies covering 75.2 percent of the
rural areas voluntarily contributed one or more crime reports in 1954.
In 1954 there was an increase of 59 contributors or 1.0 percent over
the 5,728 in 1953.
Contributors were: 3,393 city police departments; 2,156 sheriffs; 14
state police; 212 rural townships and villages; and 12 police agencies
outside the 48 states.
Urban and Rural
Urban (city) places are defined under the Bureau of the Census
1940 rule (generally, at least 2,500 inhabitants and incorporated).
The limits of some "urban" places, under the 1950 definition, do not
coincide with police boundaries. So, the 1940 definition is continued
for uniform crime reporting purposes.
Rural areas are those outside the urban places defined under the
1940 rule.
The following table shows the number of urban police contributing
and the population (1950 census figures) represented by them.
Population group
TOTAI
1. Cities over 250,000
2. Cities 100,000 to 250,000
3. Cities 50,000 to 100,000.
4. Cities 25,000 to 50,000. .
5. Cities 10,000 to 25,000..
6. Cities 2,500 to 10,000...
Cities or towns
Number
Total
4,026
41
66
129
275
814
2,701
Contrib-
utors
3,393
41
66
129
262
751
,144
Percent
contrib-
utors
84.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.3
92.3
79.4
Population
Number
Total
89, 281, 777
34, 932, 955
9,694,111
9, 134. 357
9, 631, 270
12, 454, 800
13, 434, 284
Repre-
sented by
contribu-
tors
85, 443, 364
Percent
repre-
sented
95.7
100. 0
100.0
100. 0
95.7
92.6
81.4
(117)
CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES
Uniform Crime Reporting Program
Readers not entirely familiar with the uniform crime reporting pro
gram may be interested in a brief explanation of the contents of crime
reports included in this bulletin:
1. These crime figures are called "police statistics" to distinguish
them from judicial or penal statistics in the criminal field. (Program
is voluntary. International Association of Chiefs of Police started it
January 1930. The FBI has acted as the central clearinghouse since
September 1930, by an Act of Congress.)
2. Crimes that are exclusively Federal are not included.
3. Each reporting agency counts only those crimes or arrests for
crimes committed in its jurisdiction. A sheriff reports only for his
rural areas outside the city or town limits of any urban places in his
county. This feature avoids duplication.
4. "Offenses known to the police" is a term that refers to those
crimes included in the Part I offenses of the crime reporting classi-
fication. (See below for individual classes.) The Part I offenses are
limited to seven classes of grave offenses shown by experience to be
those most generally and completely reported to the police.
5. Offenses (crimes) for the Part I classes are reported as tliej
become known. The police may learn of the occurrence of crime ir
a number of ways: reports of police officers; citizens' complaints
notification from prosecuting or court oflEicials; or otherwise.
G. Offenses are included without regard to: (a) the age of the<
offender; (b) the value of property involved; (c) the recovery of stolem
property; (d) arrests; or (e) prosecutive action. The purpose is tc
show the amount of crime that has occurred as distinguished froir
arrest data and the classifying is based strictly on the facts in posses-
sion of the police,
7. Complaints that are found by police investrgation to be ground-
less are not included in crime tables in this bulletin, and returns that
appear incomplete or defective are excluded.
8. Arrest data is not included in "offenses known" informati* >
but arrest data is collected separately for the entire crime classificatioi
Parts I and II. So, the only information for Part II offenses is tliat
based on arrest data.
In publishing the data sent in by chiefs of police in different citus
the FBI does not vouch for their accuracy. They are given out ;i~
current information which may throw some light on problems ol
crime and criminal-law enforcement.
The complete classification of crimes is shown below with briel
definitions for each:
(118)
119
Part I Offenses
1. Criminal homicide. — {a) Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter
includes all wilful felonious homicides as distinguished from deaths
caused by negligence. Does not include attempts to kill, assaults to
kill, suicides, accidental deaths, or justifiable homicides. Justifiable
liomicides excluded from this classification are limited to the following
types of cases: (1) The killing of a felon by a peace officer in line of
duty; (2) the killing of a holdup man by a private citizen. (6) Man-
slaughter by negligence includes any death which the police investiga-
tion establishes was primarily attributable to gross negligence on the
part of some individual other than the victim,
2. Rape. — Includes forcible rape, statutory rape (no force used —
victim under age of consent), assault to rape, and attempted rape.
3. i?o66('r7/.— Includes stealing or taking anything of value from the
person by force or violence or by putting in fear, such as strong-arm
iTil)bery, stickups, robbery armed. Includes assault to rob and at-
tempt to rob.
4. Aggravated assault. — Includes assault with intent to kill; assault
by shooting, cutting, stabbing, maiming, poisoning, scalding, or by
the use of acids. Does not include simple assault, assault and battery,
fighting, etc.
5. Burglary — breaking or entering. — Includes burglary, housebreak-
ing, safecracking, or any unlawful entry to commit a felony or a theft,
even though no force was used to gain entrance. Includes attempts.
Burglary followed by larceny is included in this classification and not
5| counted again as larceny.
6. Larceny — theft (except auto theft). — (a) Fifty dollars and over in
ifj value; (6) under $50 in value — includes in one of the above subclassi-
fications, depending upon the value of the property stolen, thefts
of bicycles, automobile accessories, shoplifting, pocket picking, or any
nil stealing of property or article of value which is not taken by force
* and violence or by fraud. Does not include embezzlement, "con"
games, forgery, worthless checks, etc.
7. Auto theft. — Includes all cases where a motor vehicle is stolen or
driven away and abandoned, including the so-called joy-riding thefts.
Does not include taking for temporary use when actually returned by
the taker, or unauthorized use by those having lawful access to the
vehicle.
Part II Offenses
8. Other assaults. — Includes all assaults and attempted assaults
which are not of an aggravated nature and which do not belong in
class 4.
9. Forgery and counterfeiting. — Includes offenses dealing with the
making, altering, uttering, or possessing, with intent to defraud, any-
thing false which is made to appear true. Includes attempts.
120
10. Embezzlement and jraud. — Includes all offenses of fraudulent
conversion, embezzlement, and obtaining money or property by false
pretenses.
1 1 . Stolen 'property; buying, receiving, possessing. — Includes buying, j
receiving, and possessing stolen property as well as attempts to com-
mit any of those offenses.
12. Weapons; carrying, possessing, etc. — Includes all violations of
regulations or statutes controlling the carrying, using, possessing,
furnishing, and manufacturing of deadly weapons or silencers and all
attempts to violate such statutes or regulations.
13. Prostitution and commercialized vice. — Includes sex offenses of a
commercialized nature, or attempts to commit the same, such as
prostitution, keeping bawdy house, procuring, transporting, or de-
taining women for immoral purposes.
14. Sex o^ffenses (except rape and prostitution and commercialized
vice). — Includes offenses against chastity, common decency, morals,
and the like. Includes attempts.
15. Offenses against the family and children. — Includes offenses of
nonsupport, neglect, desertion, or abuse of family and children.
16. Narcotic drug laws. — Includes offenses relating to narcotic drugs,
such as unlawful possession, sale, or use. Excludes Federal offenses.
17. Liguor laws. — With the exception of "drunkenness" (class 18)
and "driving while intoxicated" (class 22), liquor law violations,
State or local, are placed in this class. Excludes Federal violations.
18. Drunkenness. — Includes all offenses of drunkenness or intoxi-
cation.
19. Disorderly conduct. — Includes all charges of committing a
breach of the peace.
20. Vagrancy. — Includes such offenses as vagabondage, begging,:
loitering, etc.
21. Gambling. — Includes offenses of promoting, permitting, or
engaging in gambling.
22. Driving while intoxicated. — Includes driving or operating any
motor vehicle while drunk or under the influence of liquor or narcotics.
23. Violation of road and driving laws. — Includes violations of regu-
lations with respect to the proper handling of a motor vehicle to
prevent accidents.
24. Parking violations. — Includes violations of parking ordinances.
25. Other violations of traffic and motor vehicle laws. — Includes viola-
tions of State laws and municipal ordinances with regard to traffic and
motor vehicles not otherwise provided for in classes 22-24.
26. All other offenses. — Includes all violations of State or local lawsj
for which no provision has been made above in classes 1-25.
27. Suspicion. — This classification includes all persons arrested as*
suspicious characters, but not in connection with any specific oft'ense,
who are released without formal charges being placed against them.
INDEX TO VOLUME XXV, UNIFORM CRIME REPORTS
(All references are to page numbers)
Age of ofifenders. (See Arrests.) Page
Age, sex and race of persons arrested, reports from police 110-116
Annual crime trends:
Cities grouped by size 74-76
Cities grouped by location 74-8 1
Estimated total number of major crimes, 1954 69-73
Long term trends 82-83
Rural crime trends 4, 84-85
Urban crime trends 4, 74-83
Arrests — based on age, sex, and race of persons arrested, reports from
police:
Arrest trends 1 10-1 1 1
Age of offenders 110-114
Sex of offenders 115
Race of offenders 116
Automobiles — percentage recovered 108
Classification of offenses 64-66, 118-120
Cleared by arrest, offenses 44-49
By geographic divisions 49
Crimes. {See Arrests, estimated number, offenses, persons charged,
persons found guilty, and persons released.)
Employees, number of police 20-43
Jurisdictions outside the United States, offenses in 106
Monthly variations, offenses known to the police 86-89
Offenses known to the police:
Annual trends 1-4, 67-85
Cities grouped by location 93
Cities grouped by location and size 94, 95
Cities grouped by size 92
Cleared by arrest 44-49
Cleared by arrest, geographic divisions 49
Divided as to time and place and value of property stolen 108-109
Individual cities over 25,000 in population 11-19, 97-105
Monthly variations 86-89
Rural areas 10, 84-85, 96
Jurisdictions outside the United States 106
Persons charged (held for prosecution) 50-60
By geographic divisions 54-55
Persons found guilty 56-60
Persons released (not held for prosecution) 61-63
Police department employees 20-43
Police killed 20
Property, value stolen 109
Property, value stolen and recovered 109
Prosecution, persons held for. (See Persons charged and persons found
guilty.)
(121)
122
Race of offenders. (See Arrests.) Page
Reporting area, extent of 11
Rural crime data 4-10, 84-85; 9(
Sex of offenders. (See Arrests.)
Sheriffs ' reports 4-10, 84-85, nf
State crime rates. (See Offenses known — cities grouped by location.)
State police reports 4-10, 84-85, 9(
Trends, annual crime:
Cities grouped by location 74-s]
Cities grouped by size 74-7*
Long term 82-s:-
Rural 4, 84-s :
Urban 4, 74-s::
Urban crime rates 5-9, 90-!t."
Value of property stolen 10'.
Value of property stolen and recovered 101
Variations, monthly crime 86-s(
o
,1
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